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10 THE LITEEATUHE OF THE lANGTTAGE WHAT A DICTIONARY OF WORDS IS TO THE LANGUAGE ITSELF.
Alliboiie'8 Dictionary of Authors
3
INDISPENSABLY NECESSARY TO
ALL WHO READ, ALL WHO WRITE,
ALL CLERGYMEN, ALL PHYSICIANS, ALL LAWYERS,
Scientific and Literary Men, Merchants and Farmers,
Manufacturers and Mechanics.
IT IS j^ IIOXJSEIIOI-.ID conyci^-i^iTioiT.
The importance of this great work to every one will be understood by referring to the highly
commendatory letters of the following
REPRESENTATIVE LITERARY MEN.
PAGE
Bancroft, Hon. George, the Historian 3
Bryant, Wm. C 4
BethuDe, Geo. W., r>.D., of the Dutch Reformed
Church, Brooklyn 10
Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward, of Plymouth Church,
Brooklyn 10
Barnard, Dr. Henry, the emioent writer on EJuca-
l'\cm, an.1 Fijitor of Barnard s American Journal of Education, &c... 12
Channin^, Walter, M.D 9
Cheever, George B., D.D., Pastor of the Church of
tlic I'inil:.,!", N.Mv Vnrli 11
Cogswell, Dr. Jos. G., Librarian of the Astor Library 13
Cleveland, Prof. Charles D., Author of Compendium
or Enclisii Literal II re, &c. 13
Dunglison, Robley, M.D.. LL.D., for more than twen-
tv roars Proti-imr of ttie Iii^titutea of Medicine. Ac. in the JefTer-
Bon Melical Colloco. I'tiiladelpliia. Author or Dnnglison's Dictionary 8
Dana, Richard Henry, the Poet li
Durhin, John P.. D.Tl., of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, Author of Travels in Europe, the East, &c 13
Everett, Hon, Edward, late President of Harvard
rni>.;r!itv, Ac 3
Felton, Prof. C. C, of Harvard University 7
Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., President of the
New York Me.liral Society, A-c 8
Gilpin, Hon. Henry D., late Attorney-General of the
United states 11
Goodrich, Channcey A., D.D.. Prof of the Pastoral
Charge. Yale College. Editor of Webstcr"a Quarto Dictionary, Ac... 11
Hedge, Frederic H, D.D.. Professor of Ecclesiastical
Hi-t'rr, Ifar, ar i Iniv. rsitr. Editor of the Christian Examiner 5
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, M.D.. Parkman Professor of
Amioniyand PhysioIoKv. Harvard University, Author of the Autocrat
of the IJreakfast'-Tahle,' &c 6
Hillard, George S., in the Boston Courier, Jan. 13,
1853, and Littell's l.tviog Age, Feb. 5. 1859 8
Hodge, Dr. Charles, Professor of Biblical Literature,
Ac. Pre-l.vlorian Theological Seminary. Princeton, N. J 7
Hawks, Francis L., LL.D.. D.D., Ac lo
Halleck, Fitz-Greene, the Poet 12
Hall, Judge James, of Cincinnati. Author of Legends
of the t^-, -t. A. 13
Irving. Washington *
Kine, Charles, LL.D., President of Columbia Col-
ic? , New York, 7
Kennedy, Hon. John P., late Secretary of the Navy,
Aott). r of Hor^e S^hoc Rohio-on, Ac... 8
Kenrick, Et. Rev. Francis Patrick, Archbishop of
Baltimore 10
liieber. Dr. Francis, Ed. of the Encyo. Americana, Ac s
Lossing, Benson J., Author of Pictorial Field-Book
of the Revolution. Ac 13
Macaulay. Lord, the Historian 5
Maary, Lieut. M. F., LL.D., Director of the U. S.
.\a:i, ual I M-crvatory , Author of Geography of the Sea, Ac 8
Mann, Hon. Horace, LL.D., Pres. of Antioch College., lo
Mackenzie, R. Shelton, D.C.L., Editor of Noctes
Anihrosiaua 11
Napier, Lord 9
Prescott, W. H., the Historian 3
Peabody, Rev. A. P., D.D., Editor of the N. Am. Review... b
Prime, S. Irenaeus, D.D., Editor New York Observer... lo
Parsons, Theophilus, LL.D.. Prof, of Law in Harvard
Robinson, Edward, D.D., President Union Theologi-
cal Se miliary, .\uthor of Biblical Researches in Palestine, Ac 11
Strickland, Agnes, Author of the Queens of England.. 3
Sparks, Jared. LL.D., late Pros, of Harvard University. 4
Simms, W. Gilmore, of South Carolina, Author of
Yema.^see; Guy Rivers; The Partisan, Ac 9
Sprague, Dr. W. B., Author of the Annals of the
Anericui Piiliiil 10
Strickland, Dr. W. P., of the Methodist Bpis. Church, n
Ticknor, George, Author of the Uist. of Span. Literature. 4
Tuckerman, Henry T., the Essayist 7
Thompson, John R., Ed. of the South. Lit. Messenger... a
Thompson, Jos. P., D.D., of the Broadway Tabernacle. 12
Taney, Hon. Roger B., Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the Lulled Slates ^3
Verplanck, Gulian C, LL.D., Regent of the Univer-
511 V Of [be Slate of N. York, Editor of the Illustrated Shakspeare, Ac. 12
Wiseman, Cardinal 3
Whipple, E. P., the Reviewer B
Walker, James, LL.D., President of Harvard Uni-
vcr.ilj '
Woolsey, Theodore D., D.D., LL.D., President of Tale
Collece '
Winthrop, Hon. Robert C, of Boston 9
Wayland, Francis, D.D., late President of Brown
t'iii\er>itv. Author ot Way land's Moral Science, Ac 9
Willis, N. P 1"
Whittier, John G., the Poet 12
Volume I., super-royal octavo, 100-5 pages, elegantly printed on fine paper. Price, $.5.00 in muslin bind-
ing; $6.00 in fine sheep binding, or S7.50 in library style, half turkey morocco antique.
Forwarded to any portion of the United States, free of expense, on the receipt of the above prices.
Address CHILDS & PETERSON,
&Q2_Arch Street, Fhiladelphia.
ALLIBONE'S DICTIONiVRY OF AUTHORS.
A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and Ameri-
can Authors, living and deceased: from the Earliest Accounts
to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century. Containing Thirty
Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices: with Forty Indexes
of Subjects. " The chief glory of every people arises from its
Authors.''^ By S. Austin Allibone : 1859, imp). 8vo. Childs and
Peterson, Philadelp)hia. TrUbner & Co., London. Price $5.00.
The first volume of tliis work is just published in Philadelphia and London. It contains the
letters from A to J, both inclusive, 1005 pages, imperial double column, minion and nonpareil
type, about 200 lines on each page on an average, the volume containing upwards of two millions
of words. In bulk of typographical matter it is equal to thirteen volumes (470 pages each) of
Putnam's edition of Irving's Works, or about fourteen volumes of Prescott's, Bancroft's, or
Hallam's Histories, 8vo. The number of Authors whose works are noticed in the first volume
is above 17,100; making in the forty indexes (at end of vol. ii.) about 24,100 names, viz: —
AnthorB. Authors
1. Agriculture 320 23. Mathematics : Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigono-
2. Antiquities: ArchEeology, Mythology, and Nu- metry, Ac 353
nismatics 510 24. Mechanics, Engineering, Railways 141
3. Architecture 106
4. Astronomy and Astrology 203
5. Bibliography: Bnolibinding, Catalogues, and
Priming 120
6. Biography and Correspondence 1170
7. Botany : Arboriculture, Flowe'?, Fruit, Ilorticul-
turc. Vegetables 257
8. Chemistry .•. 191
9. Divinity 5668
10. Domestic Economy 55
11. Dramatic Literature 527
12. Education 472
13. Essayists: Encyclopajdias, Periodical Litera-
ture 617
14. Fiction: Facetiae, Novels, Romances, Tales 620
15. Games and Sports 130
16. Geography: Atlases and Charts 159
17. Geology, Mineralogy 89
18. Heraldry and Genealogy 140
19. History, Chronicles, Chronology 1114
20. Juvenile Works : Tales, &c 145
21. Law, Jurisprudence 1272
22. Literary History 227
25. Medical Sciences 1714
26. Moral and Slental Philosophy 487
27. Morals 309
28. Music 180
29. Natural History 305
30. Natural Philosophy 346
31. Naval and Military 510
32. Painting and Sculpture 256
33. Philology 511
34. Poetry and Poetical Criticism 1838
35. Politics : Government, Legislation, Documents
and Reports 850
36. Political Economy : general subject and special
topics 527
37. Topography 270
38. Trade and Commerce 280
39. Travels 892
40. Voyages 235
Total number of names in the forty indexes
from A to J inclusive. Vol. 1 24,116
" KtoZ " " 2, about 26,000
Total number of names in the Indexes of the
two volumes, about 50,116
As each of the forty indexes runs through the alphabet from A to Z, this department of the
work will probably consist of nearly one thousand divisions, enrolling about 50,000 names. It will
be interesting to see at a glance the number of authors of names of common occurrence in the
body of the work in vol. i., A to J.
Brown and Browne 175
Clark and Clarke 153
Green and Greene S3
Davies 68
Davis 48
Ellis 47
Gibson 42
Grant 47
Hall 92
Hamilton 86
Harris 52
Harrison 52
Hill
Holmes..
Howard .
Irving....
67
24
53
17
Jackson 81
James 48
Johnson 110
Johnston 35
Johnstone 17
Jones 189
Authors in 21 names 1586
The number of works recorded, and in very many cases criticized, both favourably and unfavour-
ably, would perhaps in the whole work amount to between one and two hundred thousand;
but this is a mere surmise, as they have never been numbered.
The best, because the briefest, description which can be given of the Critical Dictionary, is that
IT IS INTENDED TO BE TO THE LITERATURE 01' THE L.lNGnAGE WHAT A DICTIONARY OE WORDS IS TO
THE LANGUAGE ITSELF. |
The second volume, which will complete the work, is now more than one-half stereotyped.
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
From Wm. II. Prescott, Esq., the Historian.
Boston, Aug.l^, 1855.
Gentlemen : — I should sooner have replied to your note
requesting my opinion of AUibono's Dictionary of Litera-
ture. I have rarely seen so liirge an amount of matter i
condensed into so small a compass. The work is con- ,
ducted on what to me is an entirely novel principle, and :
presents the reader not simply with the opinions of the
author, but with those of the best critics on every writer i
whose character ho discusses. This is opening the best
sources of information, while the original contributions of
the editor, which connect the extracts together, arc of a ,
piquant kind that gives vivacity to the discussion.
The index of subjects will fnrm a sort of catalogue rat- ,
tonnie, that cannot fail to make the book as useful in a ,
bibliographical as in a biographical view. If the rest of the ,
work is as ably executed as that embraced under the first
three letters of the alphabet, — all I have seen, — it cannot
fail to be an important contribution to English Literature.
I remain, gentlemen, your ob't servant,
Childa & Peterson. W. H. PRESCOTT.
Boston, Dec. 27, 1858.
3fy dear Sir : — I am truly obliged to you for so welcome
a present as the first volume of your great work. I have
read the whole of it with the same care which I bestowed
on the earlier portion; and I may truly say that I find no
occasion to modify the opinions I have before expressed
in regard to the book. I find everywhere occasion to
commend the excellence of the plan and the conscientious
and able manner in which it has been carried into execu-
tion. Indeed, the work may be said to combine in itself a
whole library of criticism; and the reader, who sees the
scattered rays of opinion concentrated into one focus,
carries with him what may be regarded as an expression
of the public sentiment on the topic under review.
With my best wishes for the successful completion of
your difficult task, I remain, dear sir. very sincerely yours,
K Atistm Allibone, Esq. W. H. PRESCOTT.
From Cardinal Wiseman.
London, Feb. 18, 1859.
Dear Sir: — I thank you very sincerely for the first
volume of your Dictionary of Authors. I have tested its
Talue in two different ways, — first by looking at the accounts
of comparatively unknown or obscure authors hardly to be
found in ordinary biographical works, and then by glancing
over the history of celebrated ones, whose lives have occu-
pied volumes. Your work stands both tests admirably. I
have found more about the first class of writers than I have
ever seen elsewhere, and than I could have anticipated in
so comprehensive a work; while the interesting points in
the literary lives of those belonging to the second are
brought out in sufficient detail and treated with sufficient
accuracy to render further reference or inquiry unnecessary.
I congratulate you on the success of your herculean un-
dertaking, and am Yours, very faithfully,
S. Austin Allibone, Esq. N. CARD. WISEMAN.
From Agnes Strickland, Author of tlie Queens of F.nglsinfl, &c.
11 Connanght Terrace, Hi/de Pork, London, March 1, 1859.
Miss Agnes Strickland presents her compliments to Mr.
Allibone, and returns her best acknowledgments for the
presentation-copy of the first volume of his valuable publi-
cation, "The Critical Dictionary of English Literature and
British and American Authors," with which he has favoured
her. She considers it will be a most useful and important
addition to every library, and hopes the success may be
such as to pepay the learned author for the immense labour
and research he has expended upon it*
From the lion. Edward Everett, late President of Harvard Uni-
versity, ic.
Boston, Sept. 20, 1855.
Gentlemen : — X have received the volume you were good
enough to send me, containing the first three letters of Mr.
Allibone's "Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and
British and American Authors, Living and Deceased." The
plan of the work isextremcly comprehensive, and requires
laborious research in the collection of the materials, and
great care and discrimination in putting them together.'
As far as I have been able to examine the specimen con-
tained in the volume sent me, Mr. Allibone is performing
his task with great fidelity and success. In giving, in the
words of the authors, the judgments which he cites from
approved sources, he has made a great improvement over
former biographical dictionaries, which are, fur the most
part, unacknowledged compilations. Mr. Allibone's work
appears to be, to a very unusual degree, the result of ori-
ginal investigation, and, if completed as begun, will, I am
confident, be found a most useful work of reference, and
an important addition to the literary apparatus of our
language. I am, gentlemen, respectfully yours,
EDWARD EVERETT.
Chihh tt Peterson,
Boston, Dec. 27, 1S58.
Mif dear Sir : — On my return from the country on Satur-
day, I found on my table the first volume of your great
work, with your letter accompanying it. I have not, of
course, had time to do more than cast a hasty glance over
the volume; but, as you express a wish to know that it has
come to hand, I hasten to let you know that I have re-
ceived it, 'and that the little examination I have been able
to make of it has confirmed the opinion which I formed
of its merits on a more careful inspection of the first
three letters.
I congratulate you on having made such progress in
your vast undertaking, and tender you my best wishes for
the successful completion of the work.
I remain, dear sir, with great regard, very truly yours,
EDWARD EVERETT.
S. Austin Allibone, Eftq.
From lion. George Bancroft, the Ilistorian.
New Tori; Nov. 17, 1S55.
Gcnilcmen : — The examination of articles under the letter
A, in Mr. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of British and Ame-
rican Authors, has led me to form a high estimate of the
comprehensiveness and the utility of his design, as well as
of the fearless and indefatigable industry, the candour, and
the general ability with which he is executing it. His
work bids fair to take a very high rank in its own peculiar
department. His plan has moreover a special attraction,
for it not only presents appropriate information respecting
each author, but also a general picture of the impression
which he may have made on the public and on his critics.
I wish the deserved success to this great undertaking, and
Remain, very respectfully yours,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Ohilda <{■ Peterson.
New TorJc, Dec. 24, 1S58.
Ml/ dear 3fr. Allibone : — Last eveningyour volume reached
me safely; and I have already turned over enough of its
leaves to be sure that it is filled full of information, heaped
up and running over. I have no doubt I shall find all the
auguries accomplished. Accept the best thanks of
Yours very truly, GEORGE BANCROFT.
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
From Washington Ining, Esq.
Sunnysidp, Aug. 23, 1855.
Gentlemen : — Accept my thanks for the specimen you
bave sent me of Mr. Allibonc's Critical Dictionary of Eng-
lish Literature. The undertaking does honour to that gen-
tleman's enterprise; and the manner in which, from the
Bpecimen before me, (4G4 pages,) he appears to execute it,
does honour to his intelligence, perspicuity, wide and
accurate research, impartiality, and good taste. AVhen
completed, the work cannot fail to be a valuable library
companion and family book of reference. The beautiful
manner in which the work is got up is highly creditable
to American typography.
Very respectfully, gentlemen,
Your obliged and ob't servant.
WASHINGTON IRVING.
Chihle & Peterson.
Sunnyside, Jan. 12, 1S59.
3fi/ dear Sir: — I have to thank you for a copy of the first
volume of your Dictionary of Authors, which you have
had the kindness to send me. It fully comes up to the
high anticipations I had formed from the specimen sub-
mitted to my inspection in 1865.
Thus far you have fulfilled admirably the stupendous
task undertaken by you; and your work, when completed,
will remain a monument of unsparing industry, indefati-
gable research, sound and impartial judgment, and critical
acumen.
It merits, and cannot fail to have, a wide circulation,
and to find a place in every library.
With great regard, yours, very truly,
WASHINGTON IRVING.
S. Austin Allihone, Esq.
From Jaxed Sparks, LL.D., late President of ITarvard Univorsity.
Camhridgt', Sej4. I, 1855.
Gentlemen: — I have examined, with great satisfaction,
Ihs part of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of English Literature
which has already been published, (464 pages.) The plan
appears to me an exceedingly good one, — comprising, as it
does, a notice of all the English and American authors
down to the present time, with biographical incidents, an
enumeration of their several publications, and frequent
critical remarks.
An undertaking so comprehensive in its design requires
vast diligence and research. As far as the author has pro-
ceeded, he seems to have executed his task with ability,
good judgment, and success. When completed, the work
cannot fail to be of great utility to all readers who would
acquire a knowledge of books, and a most valuable acces-
sion to every library.
I am, gentlemen, very respectfully yours,
JARED SPARKS.
Chihls & Peterson,
Cambridge, Jan. 3, 18G9.
Dear Sir : — I have received your letter, and also the first
volume of your Dictionary of English Literature, for
which I beg you will accept my thanks. It is a work of
prodigious labour, requiring vast research, and great judg-
ment and skill in the execution; and, from the examina-
tion which I have been able to bestow upon it, I am per-
suaded that it will in all respects justify the high anticipa-
tions of the public.
With best wishes for your entire success in this import-
ant and arduous enterprise,
I am, dear sir, respectfully and truly ynurs,
„ , . ,„., „ JARED SPARKS.
O. Auattn AUihonef Esq.
From Georgo Ticknor, Esq., Author of the History of Spanibb
liiteratmo.
Boston, January 8, 1859.
GentUmen: — Ever since the Eibliotheca of Watt was
published, between 1S19 and 1824, 1 have been in the habit
of using it; and, notwithstanding the omissions and errors
always to be expected in such publications, I have found
it to be an excellent work, ampler and more satisfactory
than Lowndes, or any other in the language. On receiving
the first volume of Allibone's Dictionary, I, therefore, na-
turally compared it with the corresponding portion of
Watt's Bibliotheca, and noted the following differences.
(1.) AUibone leaves out the foreign and ancient authois,
who are so imperfectly given in Watt that their articles
are of no real virtue, and usurp a space much wanted for
more important matter. (2.) lie inserts, sometimes in ar-
ticles that are abridged, and sometimes in articles that are
enlarged, all the British authors given by Watt and
Lowndes, and adds a great many more, — I should think
several thousand more. (.3.) Ho inserts, as nearly, I sup-
pose, as he could ascertain them, the whole body of Ameri-
can authors, of whom, I think, there are not two hundred
eitherin Wattor in Lowndes. (4.) lie inserts biographical
notices of a multitude of the more important authors, some '
of them long and interesting, with abundant references to
the sources where their lives can be found at length, while
Watt, at best, gives little more than the dates of their birtha
and deaths. (5.) He inserts, generally in their own words,
the judgment pronounced by critics of recognised authority
on a great number of authors and their works, and adds
copious references to other opinions and discussions con-
cerning them; of all which there is hardly a trace in Watt,
and nothing of any consequence. (6.) He proposes to in-
sert at the end of his Dictionary fifty thousand titles of
books in the English Language, arranged under forty dif-
ferent heads, each in alphabetical order, so as to give a
condensed view hy suhjecta of whatever is of any value in
British and American Letters and Science, which Watt has
partly done, but in a less satisfactory manner, because with
less ample materials, and with a subdivision, for many
purposes, too minute.
The practical result of the whole seems therefore to be,
that Mr. AUibone is now giving us, in a condensed form, at
once an Encyclopedia and an Index of what is valuable
and interesting in the Lives, Characters, and Bibliography
of British and American Authors, better and more manage-
able than any similar work that we now possess, and of
permanent imi)ortance to anybody — scholar or not — who
wishes to read books profitably and intelligently in his
native tongue.
Your obedient servant,
GEO. TICKNOR.
Chihh t£- Peterson.
From Wui. C. Bryant, Ksq.
I^ew Tori; Aug. 29, 1855.
Gcnthmen: — The specimen of Mr. Allibone's Critical
Dictionary of Authors which you sent me has given me a
high idea of the industry, exactness, and various reading
of the author. I think it promises to bo one of the most
valuable works of reference which h.ave been produced in
the present century. The plan appears to me excellent,
though ditheult; but the diflieully has been happily over-
come by the author's extraordiuary research.
Truly yours,
W. C. BRYANT.
Chihh d: Peterson,
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
5
Ivew Tbrk^ February/ 1, 1859.
Dear Sir: — Tho high opinion I formed of your work on
looking over some of the first sheets, I have found no
cause to modify, except as it has risen in my esteem. I
regard it as one of the best books of reference ever com-
piled, and have no fear that the public will fail properly
to acknowledge its merit.
I am, sir, very truly yours,
W. C. BRYANT.
S. Austin AlUbone, Esq,
From Rev, A, P. Peabody, D.D.. Editor of tho North American
Review.
Btrtsmouth, .V.ff., Jan. 11, 1S59.
3f/ dear Sir: — -The work more than fulfils my best ex-
pectations. For thoroughness, impartiality, skilful selec-
tion of opinions and authorities, and the adjustment of
the length and minuteness of articles to the relative import-
ance of their subjects, I cannot conceive of a better work
of the kind. Intleed, there exists no work with which it
can be compared. Every literai-y man has felt the need
of such a dictionary; and when yours is completed, and
on our tables, it will be hard for us to see how we could
ever have dispensed with it. To the student of literary
history it is especially valuable; for under each name it
. gives him, first, the essential facts as to the writer's time,
environments, and productions; secondly, the means of
judging whether he is worth further investigation; and,
thirdly, such references as will enable him to follow out
the detailed history and merits of an author deserving ex-
tended research. Hoping that the reception and sale of
the work may correspond with its merits, and sincerely
thanking you for the courtesy and kindness of what would
have been an advance-copy had it not slept a fortnight in
the hands of my publishers,
I am, as ever, most sincerely your?,
A. P. PEABODY.
S. Austin Allibune, Esq.
from Frederic Henry Hedge, D.D., Prof, of Ecclesiastical History,
Harvard University, Editor of the Christian Examiner.
Brooldine, Jan. IS, 1S59.
Dear Sir: — I hasten to thank you for the welcome gift
of the first volume of your ''Dictionary of Authors," and
am glad of this opportunity to express my high sense of
the value and extraordinary merit of this publication. The
resolute diligence and conscientious care displayed in it
fill me with amazement. I conceive the design of such a
work to be one of the most arduous of literary enterprises,
and the execution seems to me to correspond with the mag-
nitude of the undertaking.
In minuteness and completeness I should say that your
"Critical Dictionary of English Literature" had no rival.
I know of no work of the kind in any language so com-
prehensive in its plan and so complete in its details, — none
which can compare with it as a bibliographical hand-book
of national literature.
The article on Junius may be cited as an instance of the
generous fidelity which characterizes the execution of this
great project.
I observe with special satisfaction that amid the vast
multitude of modern writers you have found space for the
great names of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman pe-
riods of British Authorship, and am pleased to see abridged
from Wright such articles as those on Cede, on Alcuin,
and on Anselm.
"Wishing you equal success with the remaining portion
of your work,
I am, dear sir, respectfully yours.
FREDERIC H. HEDGE.
S. Austin Alfibone, Esq.
From Lord Macaulay. tlie Ilistoiian.
IIoHei/ Lvdgt, Kmsiiiffton, Jan. 29, 18;j9.
It cannot fail, I think, to be a valuable addition to Eiig
lish as well as American libraries. MACAULAY,
From Dr. Lieber, Editor of the EucycluiJa?dia Americana, &c,
Columbia Cbllege, New York, March 12, 1S59.
J/y Dear Sir: — I have now titled your Critical Diction-
ary for some time, aud tbink it but fair to state to a friend
and fellow-scholar that I have found it in almost all cases
an aid, guide, aud instructor. Your patience, and I think
I am rigbt if I say your self-sacrifice, in collecting, and
giving with judgment, what others have said and tbuught,
will save in the aggregate many a year, which would other-
wise have been lost in bililiographic and critical research,
aud will distribute knowledge which otherwise would not
have been collected and diffused. To uie your work is of
the greatest usefulness. I, for one, am grateful that you
have given to the scholar aud the general reader this able
and comprehensive work, on so new a plan that there is no
work in English literature whieh can be substituted for it.
May health, patience, spirit, and peace of mind — all of
them necessary requisites for the composing of such a work
■ — be abundantly granted to you, to present us as soon as
may be with the concluding volume! I feel convinced that
all who have used the first heartily join me in this wish.
May you prosper in every respect! This is the sincere
wish, my doar sir, of j'our sincere friend and servant,
S. Austin AUihvne, Esq. FRANCIS LIEBER.
From Oliver Wendell Holmes. M.D.. Parkinin Professor of Anatomy
and Physiology, Harvard University, author of the Autocrat of
the E re :di fist-Table. &z.
More than one living writer has made the remark that
be has found a more complete account of himself and his
works in its pages than he himself could have given.
I have looked out the names of many medical authors,
some of them little known, and have assured myself that
in this, as doubtless in other special departments, there is
a great collection of information not to be found in any
other work with which I am acquainted, nor probably in
any existing.
While the general scholar, therefore, will keep the book
at the side of his Dictionary of the English Language, the
professional man may place it next to his Cruden, or his
Cooper, or his Blackstone, with the certainty that he will
find in it a rich storehouse of knowledge with reference to
the writers and the works that more especially beb ng to
his chosen province of learning.
I am, my dear sir, yours very truly,
Geo. Tr. Childs, Esq. 0. W. HOLMES.
From E. P.Whipple, Esq., tho Iteviewer.
Bostim, Ja77.2S, 1S59.
Gcntlrinrn : — I thank yon for Mr. AUibone's ''Dictionary
of Authors." As a labour-saving work of reference, in
whose accuracy men of every profession and occupation
can confidently rely, it is impossible to over-estimate its
value, or the industry, research, and intelligence expended
in its preparation. Apart from its importance as a work
of reference, it is full of interest for the information it con-
tains regarding the lives of eminent authors, and for the
condensed view it presents of the various critical estimates
of their genius and influence.
The wonder is, that any man should have been found
with the requisite combination of industry, talent, know-
ledge, and taste for the subject, to undertake so vast a la-
bour; but, being done, the book becomes a necessity to all
persons interested in books.
Very respectfully youv.^,
Chads <£■ Peterson. E. P. WHIPPLE,
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONES DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
GEORGE S. HILLARD, ESft.,
In the Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1S69, and Littell's Living Age,
Feb. 6, 1869.
This is a truly wonderful work, wonderful for the pro-
digious industry with which it has been prepared, the wide
field from which its materials have been drawn, and the
immense massof matter which is presented in a condensed
and compact form for edification and delectation. It is a
book especially addressed to those who love books, — who
possess them, or mean to possess them, — and whose eyes
are recreated, and whose hearts are exhilarated, by the
sight of portly quartos, goodly octavos, shapely duodeci-
mos, clad in a comely vesture of morocco, Russia, or calf,
with gilding tastefully interspersed. The advent of such
a manual of refcrenee is a red-letter day in the life of an
enthusiastic bibliomaniac; and the delight and gratitude
with which he must receive it will only be alloyed by a
feeling of regret that it had not come earlier in life, and
of sadness at the thought of the unhappy years he had
wasted without it. The first impulse of his heart will bo
to illuminate his house, to send for a band of music, to
invite his friends to dinner, to open the most cherished
bin in his cellar, and to drink the health of Allibo-ne
■with all the honours. Dear, garrulous, gossiping Dr.
Dibdin, why are you not alive to welcome this capital ac-
cession to the shelves of bibliography, and to lavish upon
it all your adjectives of laudation?
But our readers, naturally enough, may wish to know
what the book is that awakens in us a strain of jubilant
enthusiasm so unlike our usual critical impassiveness. We
will tell them what it is. It is the first volume of a dic-
tionary which contains, or is to contain, the name of every
man, living and dead, who has written one or more books,
and gained any sort of a place in literature, in England or
America. Here they are all to be found, from Aleuin, Bede,
and Alfred, — who have been dust for a thousand years, —
down to Mr. Butler, the author of "Nothing to Wear," and
Mr. Aldrich, the author of "Babie Bell." Here are the
etars of the first, second, and third magnitudes, — each in
its own sphere, and each shining with its own peculiar
glory; and here, too, are the farthing candles and the
rush-lights that have fluttered and sputtered for a brief
season and thrown their light over a minute space. For
instance, five solid columns arc given to the life and
writings of Joseph Addison; but Joseph Addison, like all
the rest of mankind, had a father; and his name was Lan-
celot, and be was a clergyman, — a respectable old gentle-
man, we doubt not, in wig and small-clothes, and not averse
to port wine; and this said Lancelot was also a blotter of
paper, and in twelve lines Mr. Allibono tells us who he was
and what he did. And here they stand, son and father,
side by side, the cedar of Lebanon and the hyssop on the
wall.
Let it not for a moment be supposed that this dictionary
is merely a catalogue of the names of authors and of their
books, — simply an enlargement and expansion of Watt's
Bibliotheca Britannica: it is something more and better
than this. Brief biographical notices are given of all
writers of any note and consideration, living or dead; and
a very copious array of critical notices and literary judg-
ments is appended to such names as have been conspicuous
enough to call them forth. These critical notices have
been culled from a great variety of sources, and do much
honour to Mr. Alliboue's industry, showing, as they do, an
immense range of reading. => ■=■- -t- Jjf * * * *
But the fact that this dictionary contains so many bio-
graphical sketches and literary notices makes it something
more than a mere book of reference. It is a pleasant book
to take up and turn over the leaves of in the unoccupied
moments of life, the bits and fragments of the day that
are too short for any continuous reading. By searching,
the diligent reader may find many entertainmg anecdotes,
many curious facts, many brilliant observations upon
the lives and writings of men of genius, hidden away in
the genera! mass of names, dates, and titles, like veins of
gold in beds of quartz. Under the head of Lord Byron,
I for instance, we come upon two interesting original com-
{ munications, one from Mr. Everett and one from Mr.
Ticknor, giving their recollections of the noble poet's ap-
pearance, manners, and conversation. * * * ® *
For the benefit of such of our readers as like well-defined
facts and strict accuracy of statement, wo take occasion to
say that the volume before us contains the letters from A
to J inclusive, and the typo is minion and nonpareil, that
the page is printed in double columns, and that the num-
ber of words is upwards of two million. In bulk of typo-
graphical matter it is equal to about fourteen such volumes
as those in which the histories of Bancroft and Prescott
are presented. The retail price of each of these volumes
is two dollars; but that of the book before us — the first
volume of the Dictionary — is but five dollars; so that it is
a work of extraordinary cheapness as well as extraordinary
merit. Indeed, nothing but a very large sale can ever
remunerate the publishers for their enterprising liberality
of outlay in getting it up.
Not merely to the general reader, whose taste in books
is comprehensive and catholic, is this manual of reference
addressed; but those who walk in a particular path, and
cultivate a special corner of the great field of letters, will
find it a good guide and a safe help. The divine, by its
light, can pick his way through the palpable obscure of
theological controversy, and that vast cemetery in which
the bones of defunct sermons are quietly reposing. We
notice, too, that particular attention has been paid to legal
bibliography, so that the practising lawyer, who looks upon
polite literature with no more respect than the miller does
the blue and white flowers that grow amid the corn, will
not be able to show cause why he should not buy it, but
the rule will be made absolute at once.
The entire work — of which we have now one-half will
be comprised in two volumes; and at the end there will be
found forty copious indexes of subjects, by the help of
which the reader can at once refer to all the authors who
have written upon any given department of letters. This
will be of material value to scholars, and add much to the
usefulness of the work,
ffi » -» s ss » s s e s 3 » » » -s
The Dictionary, as a whole, is very copious and very
correct. It presents in a compact form a vast mass of
literary information, in general as remarkabto for accuracy
as for fulness. Wo chronicle its appearance as a notice-
able event in the literary history of the country. It is
most honourable to the compiler, Mr. AUibone, — giving evi-
dence, as it docs, not merely of patient toil that has never
waxed fiiint, but of taste, judgment, and skill. It is ho-
nourable to the publishers, who, for the sake of good letters,
have been willing to send out a largo invoice of capital
upon a voyage that will be long before it begins to mako
returns. It is creditable to the country; for such a work
could not have been undertaken by men so sagacious and
experienced as Messrs. Cbilds & Peterson, if they had not
felt assured that such a love of knowledge and taste for
reading bad been diffused through the community as made
it ripe for the reception of such a manual. Of its uUiraalo
success wo can have no doubt : the result can only be a
question of time.
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S BICTIONAKY OF AUTHORS.
From James Walker, LL.D., Preaident of Harvard UniTersity.
Harvard Univasity, .
Camhridgcj Jan. 3, 1S59.
Pear Sir: — I have turned over the pages of your Critical
Dictionary of English Literature with ever-increasing
wonder at the magnitude and completeness of the work.
The multiplication of books and of public and private
libraries in this country has created a demand, I had al-
most said a necessity, for precisely such a guide in selecting
the best authorities on every subject and the best editions.
To clergymen and students, and to all collectors of books
either for public or private use, it will prove an invaluable
help, preventing a multitude of mistakes, and, even as a
matter of economy, saving twenty times as much money
as it costs.
I remain, dear sir, yours very respectfully,
,S'. Amtin Allibone, Esq. JAMES WALKEK.
From Charles King, LL.D., President of Columbia College, N. Y.
PresideiU's Room, Columbia College,
Kew York, Dec. 31, 1S58.
3Ti/ dear Sir: — On this last day of the year I fulfil a
purpose, too long delayed, of acknowledging the first volume
of your admirable "Critical Dictionary."
It is indeed a work for the age, and for all that speak the
English tongucj and it is fashioned to endure while that
tongue shall.
Its minute research, its remarkable accuracy, its com-
prehensive grasp, and, most difficult of all, its rare discri-
mination in the selection from masses of accumulated ma-
terials, and impartiality of judgment, render it a guide at
once reliable and indispensable to all who for any i>urposo
handle books.
It is my earnest, though I cannot say unselfish, trust,
that "summer and winter, seed-time and harvest," may
still return to you, however it may betide with others, to
the completion of your great work, honourable at once
and useful to your country and to your race as well as to
its author.
I am, dear sir, with great regard and esteem,
Tour obedient servant,
S. Austin AlUhone, Esq. CHAS. KING.
From Prof. C. C Felton, of Harvard University.
Cambridge, Feb. 11, 1859.
3Iy dear Sir: — I have used your Critical Dictionary of
English Literature (vol. i.) constantly since it was re-
ceived in December last. During this time I have had
occasion to consult many of the leading articles, and have
read a considerable portion of the entire work.
I am astonished at the extent, minuteness, and accuracy
of the iufurmation you have embodied in it. The under-
taking is a truly gigantic one, and it has been carried out
thus far with an industry and conscientiousness ail-but un-
paralleled. The manner in which you have condensed
your materials, retaining only what is essential to a full
presentation of the facts and opinions pertinent to each
subject, is admirable. I have seldom failed to find, in the
several articles I have read, every particular, however mi-
nute, which I desired to possess. You have given a special
value and importance to the work by citing the opinions
of the leading literary and scientific reviews, and by your
copious references to other authorities, where the subject is
one admitting controversy or requiring discussion.
I can have no doubt that your work will be a standard
and indispensable book of reference and authority wherever
English literature is studied, as it certainly is a monument
of the ability, industry, and judicial fairness of the author.
With great respect,
S. Auatin Allibone, Esq. C. C. FELTON.
From Theodore D. Woolsey, D.D., LLJ),, President of Yale College.
Tale CoUege, Feb. 7, 1859.
Gentlemen: — Suffice it to say that I have examined the
book in difierent parts, and that it displays herculean la-
bour, and, so far as I can discover, as much accuracy as is
attainable in such an undertaking. I think Mr. Allibono
deserves all encouragement and high praise for his con-
scientious labour.
Your obedient servant,
THEODORE D. WOOLSEY.
CJiilda d- Peterson.
From Hem-y T. Tuckcrman, Esq., the Essayist.
Kew York, Dec. 27, 1858.
M}/ dear Sir : — Accept my best thanks for the first volume
of your Dictionary of Authors. It fulfils the high promise
of your prospectus and specimen-sheets. I have examined
its notices of those authors whose history and writings I
have had occasion to study, and am truly astonished at the
fulness of research, the accuracy in detail, and the judi-
cious critical estimates you have in each instance exhibited.
Not less noteworthy is the care and jjatience manifest
throughout in rendering justice to a large number of useful
and gifted but less known and appreciated writers. I am
impressed with the great range of practical advantage de-
rivable from your labours. If completed as it is begun,
your Dictionary of Authors will not only become an au-
thority and permanent reference in bibliography and criti-
cism, but will serve a great educational purpose; for it
contains all the requisite suggestions to guide the judg-
ment and enlighten the taste of the student of English
Literature, while the whole chart of lettered lore in our
vernacular is completely mapped out, the best critics give
their views, and the average public estimate of each writer
appears side by side with the names of his publications
and the facts of his life. In the hands of an intelligent
reader, the work thus subserves the objects of the professor,
supersedes, in a measure, the lecture-room, and condenses
the scattered information otherwise to be laboriously
gleaned from a whole library of authorities. Biography,
criticism, philosophy, history, aud general culture, will each
and all obtain new light and impulse from so copious, au-
thentic, and available a key to that world of knowledge,
taste, and truth embraced in the literature of the English
tongue. "With renewed thanks and best wishes, I remain,
my dear sir,
Yours truly and obliged,
HENRY T. TUCKERMAN.
S. Austin Allibone, Esq.
From Dr. Hodge, Professor of Biblical Literature, &.C., Presbyterian
Theological Seminary, Priuceton, N.J.
Princeton, Jan. 5, 1859.
Dear Sir: — It fills me with wonder that any one man
could accomplish a task involving so much labour. No
one can estimate the full value of your work who is not
himself acquainted with the whole field covered by your
researches, or who has not had time to test its worth by
long-continued use. I can therefore only say that it im-
presses me with the highest respect for the learning, labour,
and candour which it exhibits even to the casual readej
of its pages. I have no doubt that it will prove itself to
be a most valuable aid to every student of English or
American Literature.
"With great respect,
CHARLES HODGE.
S. Austin Allibone, Esq.
8
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
From lion. John P. Kennedy, late Secretary of the Navy, Author
of Ilorse-Shoe Robinson, ic.
BalUviore, Jaji. 31, 1859.
Ift/ dear Sir : — I have taken such leisure as I could com-
mand to look over " AUibone's Dictionary of Authors," and,
although I had occasion to admire the copious and accu-
rate character of this work at an earlier stage of its publi-
cation, I am still more struck, as it proceeds, with the evi-
dence which this volume affords of the extraordinary labour
of the undertaking and the successful achievement of it.
I do not know of any work of the kind in our literature
which may be compared with it for the number of subjects
brought into view, and the amount of critical analysis with
which they are treated. In both of these, the author, it
strikes me, has accomplished his task with singular judg-
ment and discrimiaatiuu. When this work is completed.
it cannot fail to be regarded as the most valualile compend
of the lives and labours of authors in tho English lan-
guage which has yet been afforded to its students on either
side of the Atlantic.
Believe me, my dear sir, yours truly,
JOHN P. KENNEDY.
G. W, Chihh, Esq.
From John R. Thompson, Esq., Editor of the Southern Literary
Messenger.
Jiichmomi, Feh. 3, 1859.
3fi/ dear Sir: — I am indebted to you individually for a
copy of the first volume of your "Critical Dictionary of
English Literature," sent me, some weeks ago, by Messrs.
Childs & Peterson, but I am under still heavier obligations
to you, as an editor and humble member of the literary
class, for the service you have rendered to bibliography in
a work whose value, in my judgment, can hardly be over-
estimated. I beg, therefore, to offer you my sincere thanks,
personal and editorial; and I may, perhaps, properly add
that I am especially grateful for the general accuracy and
completeness of your notes on the authors of the Southern
States of the Union. I am acquainted with no other work
in which is to be found so much information upon Southern
authorship.
With great respect, I am
Tours very truly,
JNO. E. THOMPSON.
S. AnMin Allihone, Esq.
From Lieut. Maury, LL.D., Director of the TT.S. National Observa-
tory, Author of Qeoirrapiiy of the Sea, ic.
National Obscrvatort/y Wasliington, Dec. 27, 1858.
M^ dear Sir : — I give you hearty thanks for volume first
of your "Dictionary of English Literature and Criti-sh and
American Authors."
This volume ends with the letter J. and gives an account
of upwards of seventeen thousand authors living and dead.
It is as full as to every one of those authors and their
works as the most fastidious could desire in a book of re-
ference. It evinces a vast amount of laborious research
and patient industry on the part of its author. No amount
of labour that would add aught to accuracy or complete-
ness has been spared, and I know of no work of its kind
in any language that is equal to it.
I may mention that, in the course of conversation in tho
family circle every evening since it has been received, we
have had occasion to refer to it continually: so it lies on
the centre-table for constant reference. I recognise it as
a standard authority, and congratulate you most heartily
as the author of it. Respectfully, &c.,
M. F. MAURY.
8* Austin AlUhone, Esq,
From Ilobley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D., for more than twenty years
Professor of the Institutes and Medicine, &c. in the Jefferson
Medical College, Philadelphia, Author of DungHaon's Dictionary.
1116 Girard St., Jan. 12, 1859.
Dear Sir: — Owing to special circumstances, I have long
ceased to express an opinion on works when an application
has been made to me by authors and publishers. In re-
turning my acknowledgments to you, however, for the copy
you have so kindly sent me of the first volume of your
great "Dictionary of Authors," I cannot refrain from con-
gratulating you on having so far accomplished your labo-
rious and successful undertaking as to enable you to issue
the first volume. It is a work of inappreciable value to
those who are desirous of knowing — and who is there that
is not? — what has been done by such as have laboured in
the great cause of literature. By literary men especially
it will be in constant reference j and I have been not a little
gratified to discover that due attention has been paid to
most of those who have contributed to any e."5tent to the
literature of medicine. Hence on every account I can re-
commend it to the young and old of my own profession.
Trusting that the remainder of the work may soon
appear,
I am, dear sir, truly yours,
ROBLEY DUNGLISON.
S. Austin Allibonc, Esq.
From John ^Y. Francia, M.D.j LL.D., President of New York Medical
Society, ic.
Xew Torl-j Dec. 27, 1S58.
J/y dear Mr. Chihh: — Your great Dictionary of English
Literature and Authors was duly received, and I am at a
loss to express my gratitude fur your early and valuable
gift. I have devoted many hours to an examination of the
work, and am prompted by the cause of letters and true
knowledge to afiirm that Mr. Allibone has executed an
undertaking of the deepest interest to tho student of wis-
dom in almost every department of human research. The
work must be recognised as having no predecessor for mi-
nuteness of detail, for extent of information, and the judi-
cious collocation of a stupendous mass of information in
the several departments of liberal studies. One cannot but
marvel at individual labour and its results, when contem-
plating the fund of knowledge this Dictionary contains.
Antiquarian research, with the latest results of modern li-
terature and science, are here to be found, enriched with a
judgment critically exact in exposition, and imparted to
the reader in proportion and in stylo which challenge the
approbation of refined taste and liberal sentiment. The
work is delightful in a special point of view: its spirit ig
honest; it is unprejudiced in opinions; it is catholic in
ethics and in patriotism. It must find its way into every
library; it must prove a conductor f/encral is in innumerable
inquiries instituted even by the most erudite, for its copious
store of bibliography and details on subjects of special
consideration.
The medical department, if I may so speak, will prove
of singular interest to the faculty of physic and to medical
students. Mr. Allibono has been peculiarly fortunate in
this branch of science, no less so than in general literature;
and what will prove gratifying to the American scholar
is tho ample notice of so many of tho medical and chi-
rurgical art now embraced in his enduring work.
With every consideration and esteem,
I am, &c.,
JOHN W. FRANCIS.
G. W. Childs, Esq.
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
From Walter Chauning, M.D.
Boston, Jan. 13, 1S59.
Dear Sir: — A thousand thanks, and more, for your great,
your noble work. It is a general letter of introduction to
English Literature. I uso the word English gcnerically,
embracing every man, woman, and, I had almost said,
child, who reads English. You modestly call it a Diction-
ary. It is one, and every thing pertaining to letters beside.
It is a catalogue raisonnic ; for it not only tells of all
English authors, but of tho value of their books, so far as
the published opinions of tho best judges can determine
this. It is thus a dictionary to be read as well as con-
sulted, and is at the samo time a vast library in itself.
We are told that Wm. King, an English poet, do., before
ho had been eight years in college, had read twenty-two
thousand volumes and manuscripts, and had made remarks
upon them. In ten years you have collected, and examined,
and given to us, not merely names and titles of all the
authors and of their books within your laborious reach,
but thirty thousand biographies ami I itcrari/ notices and forti/
indexes of subjects. A lady told Dr. Johnson that she had
read his dictionary carefully, and had not found a single
indecent word in it. ''Then, madam, you looked fur them."
Now, let any gentleman or lady examine your work ever
so carefully for author or work in our language, and I will
venture to say that ho or she will not fail to find what
either is in search of, and with the least possible amount
of labour.
Everybody at all interested in English literature should,
and will, get your book of Books, and will heartily thank
you for its vast treasures.
Do pardon me, dear sir, for making this large demand
on your patience and important time. I sat down to thank
you, and to offer you my sincere wishes for a success which
so surely awaits you,
And to assure you that I am
Truly your obliged friend, &c.,
WALTER CHANNXNG.
S. Austin Allihone, Esq.
From lion. Robert C. Winthrop, of Boston.
Boston, February % 1S59.
Gentlemen: — It gives me pleasure to say that tho first
volume of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors meets
every expectation I had formed of it, and I concur entirely
in all the expressions of our leading literary men as to its
value and importance as a work of reference. Tho vast
amount of curious matter which it contains renders it a
highly interesting as well as useful book, and gives it an
attraction which does not commonly attach to any thing
bearing tho name of Dictionary.
Yours respectfully,
ROBT. C. WINTHROP.
Childs & Peterson.
From Francis TlVaylantJ, DJ)., late President of Brown Uiiiversity,
Author of "Wayland's Mora! Science, &c.
Providence, Jan. 15, 1859.
Gentlemen : — I have devoted some time to an examination
of Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, and am of the opinion
that it deserves a place in every well-selected library. As
a Dictionary of literary biography it is remarkably com-
prehensive; the estimate of authors and their works is exe-
cuted with great fidelity, and tho refere»ees to the best
sources for additional information are of the highest value.
It is a book to which the student will have so frequent oc-
casion to refer, that he will always desire to have it within
reach for the purpose of consultation.
I am, gentlemen, yours truly,
F. WAYLAND.
Childa & Peterson,
From W. Gilmore Simms, Esq., of South Carolina, Author of
Yomassee; Guy Rivers; Tho Partisan, &c.
Woodlands, S.C, Jan. 18, 1859.
Gentlemen : — I have great pleasure in expressing my ex-
treme satisfaction upon the examination of the first volume
of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of English Authors and Lite-
rature. It appears to me that he has been eminently suc-
cessful in carrying out a plan of exceeding difficulty.
His research has been singularly extensive, and as com-
plete and accurate as is possible to any living student. I
claim to have a considerable intimacy with British Litera-
ture, ancient as well as modern and recent, and my private
collection is a large onej yet I have turned to numerous
heads in Mr. Allibone's Dictionary without being able to
discover a single omission; and the details, where given,
are as singularly full and copious. As English necessarily
includes American literature, I find him equally thorough
in his researches and full in his details in regard to author-
ship in our country. Briefly, his is a work of immense
labour and industry; requiring vast resources in books;
very general scholarship; extensive reading; a wonderful
memory; a pains-taking that, note-book in hand, sufiers
not an item, of any value to a subject, to escape record;
and a critical taste and judgment which knows justly upon
what feature of an author to expatiate, and seldom fails to
discriminate those which aro most essential to the forma-
tion of opinions. It is especially his merit that ho seems
to preside impartially.
It is usually the mistake, if not the offence, of those who
have charge of works of this class, that they represent
cliques, clans, sects, parties, and but too frequently suffer a
bias from association, or a prejudice of party or taste, to
impart a tone to their criticism, whether of praise or blame,
which renders their judgments unjust, and to this degree
valueless. This has been quite too much the case with Ame-
rican criticism. Mr. AlUbone shows none of this. He is,
besides, far from that wretched sectionality which is but
too apt to show itself in the literary compilations of this
country. I have been at some pains to see how far he
accords his attention to the writers and literary authorities
of the South, and it is with pleasure that I find his record
making a fair and full showing — as full, perhaps, as can
be made — of what has been done, in literary respects,
among the Southern people. Some things, no doubt, are
omitted, but simply for the reason that no proper record
has been made of them at home; and no stranger could
possibly trace out tho full sources of information among
a rural people, having no large publishing cities, and living
so [sparsely in such immense territory, without incurring
such a degree of labour and expense as would most effec-
tually discourage such an enterprise. Let me congratulate
you, gentlemen, upon the success of your editor in this
very comprehensive compilation. Nor should I omit to
mention that, as publishers, you have done your part of the
work in a highly creditable manner. In typography, paper,
and binding, this volume is worthy of a place in any library
I am, gentlemen, your ob't and obliged scrv't,
Childs tt Peterson. W. GILMORE SIMMS.
From Lord Napier.
H.B.M.'s Legation, Washington, Jan. 15, 1859.
^iV: — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
your kind letter accompanying tho first volume of your
"Dictionary of British and American Authors." I beg to
thank you for the mark of attention of which you have
made me the object, and I highly appreciate the value of a
work which appears to be much more full and more accu-
rate than any of the same kind which have preceded it.
I am, sir, your obedient faithful servant,
S. Austin Allihone, Esg. NAPIER.
10
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AaTHORS.
From Geo. "W. Bethuue, D.D., of the Dutch Reformed Church,
Brooklyn.
I am not worthy to give an opinion of Mr. AlUbone's
great work, the first volume of which has been on mj table
for some days. Aft«r closely reading a number of the
articles, I confess myself astonished at the range of infor-
mation and accuracy of detail displayed throughout, and
equally admire the soundness of the criticisms as well as
ho plan on which the notices are constructed.
With some of the subjects and their writings my pursuits
have made me familiar. Of these I am more competent
to judge, and may fairly consider the treatment of them
as proving the character of the Dictionary. I have in no
case been disappointed. No name of any account has
been omitted, and the facts are as fully given as the limits
set by the preface would allow.
Mr. AUibone has thus far exceeded the highest expecta-
tions of bis most partial friends. He has their unfeigned
thanks for what he has done in contributing to the biblio-
graphy of the world, and their best wishes that his future
success may equal (it can scarcely exceed) his present
ti'iumph.
GEO. "W. BETHUNE.
BrooJdi/n, Jan. 8, 1859.
From S. Irenseus Prime, D.D., Editor New York Observer.
New York, Fch. 3, 1859.
Gentlemen: — The first volume of your great Dictionary
of Authors I have perused with astonishment and delight.
It is just what I have long desired to have, and have
sought for in vain. Thousands of clergymen, students,
and all literary and intelligent men, must wish to have just
this work; and they will have it, when they learn that it
is in the world. It deserves the most cordial reception,
and I trust that the author and the publishers will have
the largest reward for their enterprise and labour.
Yours truly,
S. IREN^US PRIME.
Chihls ti- Peterson.
From Fraucis L. Hawks, LL.D., D.D., &c.
New York, Feb. 2, 1859.
Gentlemen: — The book is of that class of works which
make their way by their own merits, and carries with it its
own best recommendation. As a book of reference it is
one of the most valuable I ever saw, displaying as it does
on every page the careful and conscientious research of
the author, added to an information the most extensive,
and singular impartiality of statement. The amount of
labour bestowed on its preparation must have been im-
mense j and so well bestowed has it been, that I can readily
believe the work is destined to occupy a high position in
the department of letters to which it is devoted.
Very respectfully, gentlemen,
Your obedient servant,
FRANCIS L. HAWKS.
Childa <t Peterson.
From Hon. Horace Mann, LL.D., President of Antioch College.
Antioch College, Ydlow Springs, March 21, 1869.
That it bears evidence of wonderful labour and research
no one can doubt. That it is characterized by candor and
impartiality, also, is patent, — conspicuous even. And, so far
as I am able to judge, it seems to possess the grand historic
qualities of Justice and Truth. It seems to me, therefore,
to be an almost indispensable work ju a public or a private
library; and, as a hook of reference in colleges, academies,
and schools, it must be invaluable.
Its author deserves reward both in money and fame: he
should be compensated while he lives, and be largely re-
membered in all the biographies of literary men after he
is dead. With best regards, yours very truly,
S. Austin AlUhone, Fsq, HORACE MANN.
From Rev. Henry "Ward Becchcr, of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn.
BrooUyn, Jan. 26, 1859-
Gentlemen : — I received the copy of Alliboue's Dictionary
of Authors, and, though I have not had time to give it a
searching examination, I have consulted it sufficiently to
give me a very high opinion of its merits. Although I
have several Biographical Collections, including Rose's,
I regard this as the best of them all, and in all respects
I prefer it to any that I am acquainted with. When it
shall be completed, I shall be disappointed if it be not found
the very best work ever compiled.
I am very truly yours,
H. W. BEECHER.
Childs d: Peterson.
From N, V. Willis, Esq.
Idlewild, Jan. 29, 1859.
3fi/ char Sir : — With better knowledge of your book from
repeated feasts upon it, I am ashamed to have written you
so commonplace an acknowledgment of its first receipt.
Of all the storehouses of interesting and readable mattfir,
the "Dictionary of Authors" seems to me the most capti-
vating. The good taste, industry, and skill of arrange-
ment therein manifested could not be surpassed, and it
will make for you a reputation very enviable. I shall try
to make amends in print for my apparently inappreciativo
first acknowledgment of the acquisition.
With many sincere thanks for the prize I have in the
book, I remain, my dear sir, yours faithfully,
S. Austin Allihoue, Esq. N. P. WILLIS.
From the Rt. Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, Archbishop of
Baltimore, kc.
Baltimore, Dec. 23, 1858.
Dear Sir: — I return you many thanks for the beautiful
present of your magnificent work, ''Dictionary of Authors,"
of which the first volume has reached me. It is a work
of immense research, and compiled with great judgment.
In perusing several of its articles, I felt satisfied that justice
towards all was aimed at, and, although the judgments of
men vary as to the merits of authors, I see no evidence of
wilful injustice or bias. I allude of course to the articles
regarding Catholic writers or their opponents. Wishing
you great success in your literary labours,
I remain, dear sir.
Your obliged friend and servant,
t FRANCIS PATRICK KENRICK.
S. Austin AUibone, Esq, A. C
From Dr. Pprague, Author of the Annals of the American
Pulpit, &.C.
Albany, Dec. 27, 1858.
Mij dear Sir: — In acknowledging the first volume of
your great work, I wish to speak first of the impression
it has made upon me, after the examination which I have
been able to give to it in two or three days; for though it
found me, as usual, overwhelmed with engagements, it has
so enchained me that I have been obliged to leave other
matters in a great measure to take care of themselves. I
have no hesitation in pronouncing it one of the most re-
markable books of the age, or I may say of any age. I
know not whether to admire most its extent, its discrimi-
nation, or its accuracy. It will make you the benefactor
of all ages and all countries. You have great reason to
bless Providence for having directed your thoughts in such
a channel.
Believe mc, my dear sir,
Ever gratefully and faithfully yours,
.S'. Austin Allibonc, Esq. "W. B. SPRAGITE.
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
11
From Hon. Uenry D. Gilpin, late Attorney-General of United States.
JVo. 300 SouVl Eleventh Street,
Philadelphia, January 14, 1859.
J)ear Sir: — Messrs. ChilJs & Pctersou sent me, the even-
ing before last, the first volume of your Dictionary, and I
have spent a large portion of my leisure, since then, in look-
ing through and reading many of the articles. I cannot
delay to express to you my thanks for this remarkable ad-
dition to our literature, which is a monument erected for
yourself as a lover and cultivator of letters which will long
endure. I am quite astonished at the extent of your re-
searches and the copiousness of your information. The bio-
graphical incidents, connected with the authors, are in them-
selves of great value, supplying, in important points and in
very numerous instances, facts that compilations expressly
devoted to biography do not furnish. The references to more
full critical views of their works than your space would
permit, and than would, indeed, be desirable, give us a key
to unlock all the treasures of criticism. The spirit of can-
dor that dictates your own remarks, — even in instances
whereyou exhibit your own preferences, — and the selections
of judgments from various authorities ofteu viewing the
subjects in different lights, aid justness and impartiality
where our opinions are yet to be formed, and teach us to
review such as wo have made. I place your volume on
my shelf with the certainty that it will be one constantly
referred to, and always with satisfaction and profit.
Very respectfully yours,
HENRY D. GILPIN.
S. Austin AlUbone, Esq.
From R. Sbelton Mackenzie, D.C.L., Editor of Nocteg Anibrosianae.
Philadelphia, Jan. 11, lSo9.
Ml/ dear Sir: — Thanking you most cordially for the first
volume of your rnar/nuni opus, I have to say that I have
examined it carefully and critically, and am astonished at
the research it exhibits, and the great — almost wonderful —
accuracy which pervades its every article.
Many years ago I commenced the collection of materials
for such a work, devoted to living authors alone, but, after
much trouble and extensive correspondence, had the con-
clusion unwillingly forced upon me that it was a work for
many persons, and not for a single mind and one pair of
hands. However, you have done all that my ambition
aimed at, and doubled the work, and its value, by including
dead as well as living writers.
Every man who writes, and all who reaJ, must feel the
advantage of having your Dictionary at hand. It is full,
but it also has the great merit of being wholly reliable.
I look fur the concluding volume with great expectation
but no anxiety. Your performance in vol. i. gives ample
promise of equal success in what is to follow. No man
of letters, single-handed, has ever done any thing even
one-half so good as this.
Your assured frien*!,
R. SHELTON MACKENZIE.
S. Austin AUibonc, Esq.
From Cbauncey A. Goodrich, D.D., Prof, of the Pastoral Charge,
Yftle College, Editor of Webster's Quarto Dictionary, kc.
Tale Chlh'ge, Jan. 28, 1859.
Gentlemen: — I have examined with lively interest the
first volume of Mr. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, and
have been more and more struck, as I advqinced, with the
comprehensiveness of the plan and tho vast amount of
labour bestowed upon its execution. It cannot fail to be
one of the most valuable works of the kind in any lan-
guage, and richly deserves the approbation and patronage
of every scholar.
CHATJNCEY A. GOODRICH.
Childa d' Peterson,
From George B. Cheever, D.B., Pastor of the Church of the Puri-
tans, Now York.
New York, Feb. 8, 1859. '
Gentlemen: — The first volume of Allibone's Dictionary
of Authors seems to me a wonderful example and result
of industry and accurate research. The judicious selection
of brief extracts from contemporary and other critics, cha-
racterizing the works of many of tho authors named, is an
element of value in this great undertaking adding to tho
variety and interest of the volume, historical, biographical,
and critical. The work in my judgment is of very great
value and importance.
Respectfully and truly, <kc.,
GEORGE B. CHEEVER.
Childs t£- Peterson.
From Edward Robinson, D.D., President Union Theological Semi-
nary, Author of Biblical Kosearches in Palestiue, &c.
Union Theological Semijia^y,
Neio York, Jan. 28, 1859.
Gentlemen : — Please accept my thanks for the first volume
of Mr. MWhoiiG's Dictionary of Authors, transmitted by you.
Though not in the habit of giving my name to the public
in such cases, yet of this volume I can truly say that it
is a work of very great labour, and promises to bo emi-
nently useful as a book of daily reference.
Yours respectfully,
E. ROBINSON.
Childa d; Peterson.
From Richard Henry Dana, Esq., the Poet.
Boston, Jan. 12, 1859. "
Dear Sir: — The thoroughness and ability of the work
are highly spoken of by good judges here, — with whom I
fully agree so far as I am entitled to form an opinion.
Tho book is very neatly got out, and so clear ie the typo
that at seventy-one years of age I have been able to road
your smallest print by gaslight without glasses.
Wishing all success to your labours,
I am, dear sir, sincerely yours,
RICHD. H. DANA.
S. Austin Allibone, Esq.
From Dr. Strickland, of the Jlethodist Episcopal Cliurch.
Mdhodist Book Booms,
200 Mulberry St., New York, Dec. 29. 1S58.
Dear Sir: — Allow me to return my most grateful thanks
for the first volume of your invaluable work on English
literature. Your biographical sketches of English and
American Authors are correct and impartial, such as, 1
regret to say, cannot be found in any work from Watt's
Bibliotheca Britaunica down to the last bibliographi-
cal dictionary. The "Critical Dictionary of English
Literature" I regard as the most valuable and interesting
book of the age, and as indispensable to every public and
private library. Most truly yours,
W. P. STRICKXAND.
S. Austin AUibonc, Esq.
From Theophilus Parsons, LL.D., Prof, of Law in Harvard University.
Camhridfje, Jan. 5, 1S59.
Dear Sir: — I have had the first volume of your Dic-
tionary for some days, and have satisfied myself that your
plan is excellent, and that you have carried it out with very
great industry and with good judgment. The fulness and
accuracy of its information concerning modern authors
and their works arc indeed remarkable. To any one who
desires the knowledge your book purports to give, — and
what educated man does not ? — it must be of great interest
and value. Respectfully, &c.,
THEOPHILUS PARSONS.
S. Austin Allibone, Esq.
12
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
From J. P. Durbin, D.D., of the Motbodist Episcopal Cburch,
Author of Travels m Europe, the East, &c.
Acw Tork, Feb. 12, 1859.
Oentlcmm : — I hare carefully examined the first volume
of Mr. S. A. Allibone's "Critical Dictionary of English
Literature, and of British and American Authors, Living
and Dead," which you have been pleased to send me. It
not only gives the original sources of information, hut also
a list of the works of each writer, and tho well-weighed
and critical opinion of the author of the Dictionary touch-
ing the contents and merits of their works. A brief his-
tory of each author's life is given, in connection with his
literary work, where information is accessible.
As a book of reference for reliable information in regard
to British and American Authors and Literature, it is in-
valuable, and no student, or scholar, or professional man,
ought on any account to be without it. It is executed in
an impartial and able manner, both as it regards classes
of men and estimates of individual authors. It is a library
itself within its particular department of literature, and is
necessary to the library of every intelligent citizen. There
is no book in the English language which eaa supply its
place.
Wishing Mr. Allibone and yourselves tho same success
in preparing and issuing the remainder of tho work as has
attended the first volume,
I remain, gentlemen, yours truly,
„, , , J- P- DUKBIN.
Ckitaa & Peterson.
From Jos. P. Thompson, D.D., of the Broadw.xy T.abem.acle.
Mw Tm-lc, Fei. 10, 1859.
Bear Sir: — I have repeatedly consulted the work, and
am highly gratified with the copiousness and variety of its
informatioh concerning literature and literary men. I
have tested its accuracy upon names and topics with which
I am familiar, and am happy to bear testimony to the
carefulness and fidelity of your labours. It is to he ex-
pected that in such a work one should detect occasional
omissions or inaccuracies; but so few are there in compa-
rison with the extent of topics and persons embraced in
the Dictionary, that every student must prize it as a reliable
book of reference. Indeed, I already feel that I would ou
no account dispense with it.
The biographical sketches, though necessarily brief, are
complete for their purpose, and the critical notices are
candid and impartial. I congratulate you upon tho suc-
cessful achievement of a task which few would have had
the courage to attempt or tho ability to accomplish.
I am, sir, with high respect, yours truly,
JOS. P. THOMPSON.
S. Austin AUihone, Esq.
From Oulian C. Vcrplanck. LL.D., Regent of tho University of the
State of New York, EJitor of tho Illustrated Shalcspearo, 4c.
New Tork, Jan. 5, 1S59.
Dear Sir:— I have found tho work all that the high at-
testations to its merits from our most eminent writers led
me to expect. It seems to me to be as perfect as it is pos-
Biblo for any individual to make it. It is a work of the
greatest utility and of admirable research, learning, and
accuracy. I cannot but add that the articles of higher
criticism (as on Johnson, Gibbon, ic.) are excellent alike
on their moral and critical judgments.
I trust that tho success of the publication will be equal
to its merits, and it will give me great pleasure if I can in
any way contribute to aid you in tho remainder of your
labour. I am yours truly,
^ . ■ .„.. r, G'JI'IAN C. VERPLANCK.
/&. Austin Allibone, Esq.
From Fitz-Greene Halleck, the Poet.
Guilford, Conn., Feb. 6, 1S59.
Gentlemen: — I cannot look upon the book merely as
upon others of similar titles. Admirable as it is as a book
of reference, treasure as it is to every librarian, library as
it is in itself, inestimable in its usefulness to the learned
world of present and future writers and compilers, I, one
of the unlearned, am reading it page by page for the plea-
sure it gives me, and for possessing, as it does, not only
the charm of novelty in its design and execution, but iu
its narrative and dramatic interest all the charm of a novel.
I attribute these peculiar charms to one peculiarly original
feature of Mr. Allibone's plan. Since the commencement
of the present century, the best writers in our language
have devoted their best thoughts and impressions to the
periodical criticism of their time, embracing their views
of past and present authors. Of the best specimens of
these criticisms Mr. Allibone has skilfully availed himself,
and by blending their various excellencies of thought and
style with his own, and judiciously and impartially con-
trasting their conflicting opinions — the opinions of our
ablest and highest cultivated minds — with each other, has
not only enriched us with an embodiment of our most
beautiful and most valuable recent literature, but has so
gracefully interwoven it with the lives and characters of
the several subjects of his biographies as to make them,
taken all together, as Dr. Johnson said of Goldsmith's
projected Natural History, "as entertaining as a fairy-
tale."
Congratulating you upon the possession of a book of
such magnitude and importance, so creditable to your
character for enterprise and sagacity, and so certain of
proving a permanent and profitable investment of your
capital,
I remain, gentlemen, truly yours,
FITZ-GEEENE HALLECK.
Chillis (t Peterson.
From Dr. Barnard, tbo eminent writer on Education, and Editor
of Barn.ard's American Journal of Education, &c.
Hartford, Omn., Dec. 30, 1858.
Dear Sir: — I have examined with great satisfaction the
first volume of your Critical Dictionary of English Litera-
ture, especially tho English and American Authors in my
own special range of research and reference. I have nothing
among my books of reference so comprehensive .and accu-
rate,— so well calculated to answer immediate conversa-
tional and reading purposes, or to open up the sources of
extended and exhaustive research in the department of
literary biography and bibliography. It deserves a place
in every library, — individual or public, of circulation or
reference. Your obedient,
HENHY BARNARD.
S. Austin Allibone, Esq.
From John Q. Whitticr, the Poet.
Amesburi/, 2fl, 1st month, 1859.
Bear Friend: — I have ex.amined with great satisfaction
thy Dictionary of English Literature. As a work of re-
ference it will be invaluable. It places before the reader
a vast amount of biographical and literary information,
giving not only an account of the authors themselves and
their publications, but the critical comments of the best
judges upon them. Tho amount of labour and research
bestowed upon the work surprises me. If completed as
begun, it will be a most valuable addition to our literature,
and entitle the author to the thanks of all who love books.
Very truly thy friend.
JOHN G. WHITTIEE.
S. Austin Allibone, Esq.
TESTIMONIALS TO ALLIBONE'S DICTIONARY OF AUTHORS.
13
From Judgo James null, of Cincinnati, Author of Legends of the
West, &c.
Cincinnati, Jan. 31, 1S59.
Gentlemen: — I have examined the first volume of Alli-
bone's Dictinuary of Authors with care, and with an inte-
rest awakened by the novelty and comprehensiveness of
its plan. The work is evidently, as the author describes
it, "the fruit of many years of anxious research and con-
scientious toil,'' and is as remarkable for the variety as for
the vast amount of the information contained in it. I
consider it a production of rare excellence, which fills a
vacant place in our literature. It is not only a Dictionary
of Authors, but also a history of authorship. It covers
the whole field of English Literature and Science, em-
bracing a larger number of names of authors than any simi-
lar work. The criticisms are brief, but satisfactory, and
for the most part conclusive.
The feature which most clearly distinguishes this work
from others of similar purport, is that it is bibliographical
as well as biographical. It describes, classes, and cata-
logues books, as well as the writers of books. It contains
elaborate indexes of books and of subjects, so that not
only may the name of any given writer be found, with the
outlines of his career and character, but a book may be
searched out under its title, or under the subject of which
it treats. Those indexes direct the inquirer to all the books
which have been written on the subject of his inquiry, and
inform him of their relative merits. It is such a work as
would be desirable to every student and man of letters;
but to librarians, to persons having or designing to collect
libraries, to booksellers, to principals of the higher schools,
to all to whom books and literature form a subject of pri-
mary interest, it will be indispensable.
I will only add, that, so far as I can judge from one
volume, American literature has received an impartial
share of Mr. AUibone's attention. That of the West, I feel
satisfied, has had full justice done to it.
Very truly yours, JAMES HALL.
Chillis & Peterson.
From Dr. Cogswell, Librarian of the Astor Library.
New VorK; Jan. 3, 1859.
Dear .?(>-■ — I received your first volume on the 30th
ultimo, and would have immediately acknowledged your
great kindness in honouring me with a presentation-copy,
but I wanted first to have an opportunity of looking at
various articles, that I might say a word of the work. From
this hasty and imperfect examination, it appears to me to
be entitled to very high praise. I came upon no article
that was not just and discriminating, and could not but
wonder that you should have been able to devote the time
to it which it manifestly required.
Yours trul3', JOS. G. COGSWELL.
S. Atistin Allil'One, Esq.
From Prof. Charles D. Cleveland, Author of Compendium of
English Literature, ic.
Phila., 903 Clinton St., Jan. 27, 1859.
Gentlemen: — Since I received my copy of AUibone's Dic-
tionary of Authors, I have had occasion to consult it very
many times, and always to my satisfaction. To praise it
would be superfluous: its great value must be patent to
every one who merely glances at its pages. Indeed, it is
an absolute necessity, not only to every man of letters,
but to every family circle where literature is in the least
degree cultivated.
Wishing you every success which your enterprising
Bpirit nobly deserves,
I am yours very truly, CHAS. D. CLEVELAND.
Childa (£• Peterson.
From lion. Roger B. Taney, Chief-.Tustice of the Supreme Court
of the United States.
Washington, Feb. 12, 1859.
Dear Sir: — I am sorry to have so long delayed acknow-
ledging your kindness in sending mc the first volume of
your Dictionary of English Literature. My apology is,
pressing official duties, with infirm health.
I have, however, found time to look into it sufficiently
to form an opinion of its value; and that opinion is a very
favourable one. My examination, for want of more time,
has been confined chiefly to eminent English writers of
past ages on English law. And I find the prominent
events of their lives briefly stated, together with a correct
list of their works, (as far as I can judge,) and the criti-
cisms upon them by other eminent authors, whether fa-
vourable or unfavourable, fairly given.
Your plan appears to me to bo new, and a happy one;
and as a book of reference your work will be found valu-
able in any library.
With great respect,
I am, dear sir, your obedient servant,
E. B. TANEY.
S. Austin AUihone, Esq,
From Benson J. Lossing, author of Pictorial Field-Book of the
Revolution, kc.
Poitghkeepsie, N. T,, January 13, 1859.
3fi/ dear S!ir : — I received the first volume of your Dic-
tionary of English and American Authors just as I was
starting for Lake CLiamplain. I have employed every
spare moment since my return in a general and special
examination of it, and I thank you most heartily for the
delight and instruction it has given me.
From specimen-sheets I had formed a most favourable
opinion of the work ; but I had no just conception of its
scope and completeness. The care, industry, patience,
perseverance, candour, judgment discrimination, and inde-
pendence of spirit, which mark every page, give it a charm
for the student such as truth in all its simple beauty never
fails to bestow. A profound reverence for facts, an earnest
desire to be fair, a sincere wish to be honest, and an open-
hearted, open-handed exhibition of each author's works,
so that they may be seen in the various lights in which
critics have discovered their faults and their excellencies,
are everywhere discernible, and give a value to the book
that commands high appreciation and prophesies of ho-
nourable companiouship with the best literary productions
of the age. It will become indispensable to all who feel
a desire for general knowledge concerning what has been
accomplished in the wide field of British and American
Literature, for it will fill a void long felt and lamented.
I have examined the work also with especial reference
to its value to the inquirer after the best sources of infor-
mation on the subject of American history, and find it
most perfect in that particular thus far. When the work
shall be completed in the same full and comprehensive
manner exhibited by this first volume, it will readily
answer every reasonable inquiry upon that subject. In a
word, my dear sir, the general student, the scholar, the
author, all have reason to thank you for the preparation
of this work; and I trust it will find its way, freighted
with its rich treasures of fact and thought, wherever there
is a soul craving such food as it may distribute.
Yours very truly,
BENSON J. LOSSING.
S. Austin Allihon€j Esq.
Mk
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A
CRITICAL
DICTiOIMY OF EIGlli limATllRE,
AKD
BEITISH AND AMEEICAN AUTHOHS,
Jibing Jinb gurasti),
FKOM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS
TO THE MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
CONTAINING
THIRTY THOUSAND BIOGRAPHIES AND LITERARY NOTICES,
WITH FORTY INDEXES OF SUBJECTS.
BY
S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE.
*TEE CriEF GLORY OF EVERT PEOPLE ARISES FROM ITS AUTHORSr—DB. JOHXSON.
VOL. I.
PHILADELPHIA:
CHILDS & PETEKSON, 602 ARCH STREET.
1859.
Entered, according to an act of Congress, in tlie year 1854, by
S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE,
in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District
of Pennsylvania.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1858, by
GEORGE W. CHILDS,
in the clerli's office of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District
of Pennsylvania.
STEREOTYPED DT L. JOHNSON ANTJ CO.
Pmi,.\DELPHIA.
PRINTED BY DEACON * PETEP.SON.
TO
GEORGE )YILLIAM CHILDS,
i-^t |!nblis^£i; of l^is Mo:\\,
WHO HAS GREATLY FURTHERED MY LABOURS BY HIS ENTERPRISE
AND
ZE.\LOUS AND INTELLIGENT INTEREST,
I dedicate
THE FRUITS OF MANY YEARS OF ANXIOUS RESEARCH
AND
CONSCIENTIOUS TOIL.
S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE.
PniLADELPHiA, September 1, 1858.
PREFACE.
The importance and value of a dictionary of a lan-
guage are understood and appreciated by all. If I
find a word in a book, or hear a word used by another,
which I do not fully comprehend, I have nothing to
do but refer to my dictionary, where all the needful
information is before me. I have now increased my
Block of knowledge, and can use the word myself in
speaking or writing, and comprehend it when used
by others. Another link is added to those ties which
bind me to society ; my capacity for giving and re-
ceiving valuable information and innocent pleasure
is enlarged. It is now natural for me to reason with
myself, that if the knowledge of only one new term
of thought be so desirable, because so useful, how
would my usefulness and happiness be increased
by larger additions to my stock of mental wealth !
A life spent in the acquisition of knowledge, surely
would be a happy life ! But few men can so devote
their whole time, and if this were practicable, life is
too short for any one man to possess himself of all
the secrets of nature, the discoveries of science, and
the triumphs of art. I cannot at the same time,
gaze with the astronomer, explore with the voyager,
calculate with the mathematician, and experiment
with the philosopher. But it occurs to me that there
is a mode in which I may, to a large extent, avail
myself of the results of the labours of others. These
have been given to mankind through the medium of
the press. I can, therefore, devote my leisure time
to such profitable reading as shall make me acquainted
with much of which I must otherwise be ignorant.
Reading is that art by which I am enabled to avail
myself of the recorded wisdom of mankind. But
here a practical difficulty suggests itself. The multi-
plicity of books, even in my own language, renders
a careful selection absolutely indispensable. It has
been computed that of the 650,000 (?) volumes in the
English language, about 50,000 would repay a peru-
sal! Suppose a person to read 100 pages a day, or
100 volumes a year, it would require 500 years to
exhaust such a library! IIow important is it, then,
to know what to read ! And how shall this knowledge
be obtained ? Now let us revert to our opening re-
marks upon the value of a dictionary of words. If
there be such an advantage in full definition, in
alphabetical arrangement, and consequent facility of
reference, why should we not have a dictionary of
books and authors as well as of words? Suppose that
I wish to know whether Hume or Lingard's History
of England, or Spenser's Poems, or Burke's Speeches,
or Thomson's Seasons, are desirable works for my
school, my library, my parlour table ; — or suppose 1
wish to know the personal history of these authors —
of Hume, Lingard, Burke, Thomson — what trouble I
shall have in obtaining the desired information ! But
if I Lad a Dictionary of Literary History and Bio-
graphy, I have nothing to do but turn to H, or L, or
B, or T, and I am at once in possession of what I
seek. But is there any such work to be had ? It is
a remarkable fact that, notwithstanding the obvious
advantages of such a work, there was none such in
print before the present publication. There were,
indeed, meagre " Compendiums of English Litera-
ture," and " Comprehensive CycIopa;dias," the largest
of which (with the exception of a book of titles of
works) contains about 850 out of more than 30,000
authors! Much of such knowledge, too, is found
scattered here and there in expensive biographical
compilations, which can never become popular, be-
cause very costly, and are, indeed, insufficient authori-
ties in literary history.
Deeply lamenting this serious deficiency in the
English Republic of Letters, the compiler determined
to undertake the preparation of the long-desired
work, and he now has the pleasure of presenting to
the public the results of labours extending over a
long period, and pursued with unwearied zeal, in "A
Ckitical DiOTiONART OP Encilish Literature and
3
PEEFACE.
British and American Authors, Living and De-
ceased, FROM THE Earliest Accounts to the Mid-
dle OF THE 19th Century."
The principal features of the worli are the follow-
ing:
1. It is arranged in alphabetical order, to insure
facility of reference.
2. While professing to chronicle only British and
American authors, in our College of Letters, we
have sometimes overlooked the question of nativity,
and enrolled a writer whose insignia of literary
nobility could properly be quartered on an English
field. That, indeed, would be a prodigal parsimony
which should exclude from the national coffers of
intellectual wealth, the superscriptions of Anselm,
Lanfraac, Benoit De Sainte-Maur, and Peter of
Blois.
3. As a general rule, a succinct biography is given
of each author of note. The length of such notice,
of coui'se, depends upon his prominence as an indi-
vidual, and his rank as an author. Those of the
first class, such as, Addison Anselm, Ascham, Bacon,
Burke, Byron, Bryant, Chaucer, Chillingworth, Cla-
rendon, Cowper, Davy, Dryden, Dwight, Edwards,
Everett, Franklin, Gildas, Gibbon, llallam. Hall,
Henry, Irving, Johnson, Laud, Leighton, Locke,
Milton, More, Newton, Otway, Paley, Pope, Prescott,
Kobertson, Roscoe, Savage, Spenser, Shakspeare,
Sherlock, Soutbey, Sparks, Taylor, Thomson, Tyn-
dale. Usher, Vanbrugh, Wace, Warburton, Walpole,
Watts, Watei-land, Wood, Young, and several thou-
BAND OTHERS, are treated at considerable length. Less
space is devoted to those less distinguished. The
number of authors whose works are noticed is about
30,000, a far greater number of English writers than
has ever before been brought together in any work,
or indeed in all previous publications.
4. The most valuable feature of the work is now
to be mentioned. Compilers of manuals of literature
have almost universally fallen into the great error of
giving their own opinions, almost exclusively, upon
the merits or demerits of the authors under conside-
ration. Now, these opinions may be valuable or not :
the public generally neither ask nor care what their
views may be. This capital error is avoided in the
present work. The compiler occasionally ventures
an opinion of his own, but this will be merely sup-
plemental to opinions better known and more highly
appreciated by the reading public. As a carefully
prepared record op the opinions of great men
OPiiN great men, this work will prove an invaluable
guide to the student of literary history. For instance,
able critici.sms upon the speeches and literary pro-
ductions of Edmund Burke have been written or
spoken by such men as M. Cazal^s, Charles James
Fox, Sir James Mackintosh, Dr. Johnson, Curran,
Wilberforce, the Duke de Levis, Gerard Hamilton,
Dr. French Laurence, Lord Eldon, Dr. Parr, Robert
Hall, the Emperor of Germany, the Princes of France,
the King of England ; in modern times, by Lord
Brougham, Lord John Russell, Sir Robert Peel, Mr.
Macaulay, and many others. Now, such criticisms
and commendations, invaluable as they are, are float-
ing about in books and pamphlets, often difficult to
procure, and troublesome to examine. In the pre-
sent work they will be found, in the whole or in part,
arranged in a few pages under the name of Burke.
Such an article alone is well worth the price of the
whole book. When Mr. Bryant was a youthful poet
his effusions were most favourably noticed by that
first class authority, the London Retrospective
Review, as well as by other periodicals and critics.
Some years later, Christopher North and Wash-
ington Irving (then in London) displayed their good
taste by warmly applauding the "thoughts that
breathe and words that burn" of the great American
bard. In the present work the reader has only to
turn to the name of Bryant, to find an account of
these and other interesting facts connected with Mr.
B.'s poetical career. So a reference to the name of
Washington Irving will place him in possession of
the prominent events connected with the life of this
distinguished ornament of English literature. In
like manner are noticed the works and lives of the
principal living (as well as deceased) British authors :
-Hallam, Brougham, Macaulat, Dickens, Bulweb
Lytton, &c.
6. The laudable curiosity of the bibliomaniac, or
lover of rare works, is not forgotten in this volume.
Occasional notices are given of
" The small, rare volume, black with tarnished gold."
(Ferriar's "Bibliomania," p. 11 : Epistle to Richard
Heber, Esq.) whilst the early Roxburghe Festivals,
the tournaments at Leigh and Sotheby's, and the tri-
umphs of DiBDiN, Heber, and Thorpe, claim respect-
ful remembrance.
6. The second division of this work consists of a
copious index of subjects, so that the inquirer can
FIND AT A GLANCE ALL THE AUTHORS OF ANY NOTE IK
THE LANOUAQE, ARRANGED UNDER THE SUBJECT OB
SUBJECTS UPON WHICH THEY HAVE WRITTEN. Under
Agriculture, the farmer will find authors' names
alphabetically arranged ; and by turning to each one,
can see the title or titles of his work or works, and
probably an estimate of the value of his labours. So
in Antiquities, Chemistry, Divinity, Drama, Law,
Political Economy, Biography, &c. This arrange-
ment, the compiler considers, will confer an inesti-
mable value upon the work. He thus presents to the
public, in one volume, a Co.mprehensive Manual
OF English Literature — authors and subjects — a
Manu.1L which is to the literature of the lan-
guage WHAT AN ORDINARY DICTIONARY IS TO THE
WORDS OF THE LANGUAGE.
7. The value of the work can be best seen by a
comparison with other works of a somewhat similar
character.
PREFACE.
1. Trrr, Biographia Beitannica (complete), in 7
folio volumes, comes down to a no later period tlian
1706; 5 volumes of a new edition were published,
1778-93, extending to letter E, and part of F. The
number of authors noticed is few, and, of course, it
excludes all those who have died within the last
Bixty-two years, and all recent discoveries in literary
biography. These twelve bulky volumes, which are
now rarely to be met with, are worth about §35 to
S40.
2. CnALMEKS's BlOGRAPHICAI. DiCTIOXAKT, 32 Vols.
8 vo., 1812-17, contains in all less than 9000 names,
of which perhaps 2500 are those of British au-
thors ; it is sold at from §45 to $55. It contains
no author who has died within about forty years.
Our work gives 25,000 to 30,000 names of British
and American authors (including the living) to the
present time.
3. Watt's Bibliotheca Bkitaxnica, 1824, 4 vols.,
4to., like the other works named above, is a very
valuable compilation. It contains the names of about
22,500 British, and perhaps 100 to 200 early American,
authors. Of biographical notices it is almost desti-
tute ; in many cases giving a line where our work
gives a column. It sells for $40 to $50.
4. Lowndes's Bibliogkapher's Manual, 1824, 4
vols., 8vo., gives no biography of consequence, few
modern names, and very meagre critical notices,
where any at all are presented. It is but little more
than a catalogue of titles, though a work of much
value to a bibliographer. It meets with a rapid sale
at $24 to $28, and is now very scarce.
5. The New Biographicax Dictionary, (Kose's)
12 vols., 8vo., 1848, contains about 3700 names of
British and American authors, excluding all living.
It sells for $30 to $40.
G. Chambers's CvcLOPiEDiA of E.nglish Litera-
ture is a most valuable work, and should be in all
libraries ; but as a map of English literature it is
very defective, though from no fault of the intelligent
editor, Mr. Robert Chambers. He designed to give
specimens of the works of a few authors, rather than
a history of British and American authors and lite-
rature. The bulk of his work is made up of extracts
from the few authors noticed. Of these there are
832 only, who are all included in our own work,
and some 25,000 to 30,000 in addition ! Not only
have we all of the British authors noticed by Cham-
bers, but all included in Watt's Bibliotheca Britan-
nic-1, in Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, in
Rose's Biographical Dictionary, 1848, 12 vols.,
8vo., Cleveland's Compendicms of English Lite-
rature, &c. ; all of the American authors to be found
in R. W. Griswold's compilations, in Allen's American
Biographical Dictionary, and many more, both British
and American, never before included in a work of
this kind. If it be asked, how is it possible for us to
have compressed so vast a quantity of information
into one volume, we answer that, though we give
only one volume, yet this contains the mailer of more
Ihan thirty ordinary 12mo. volumes of SoO pages each.
It is needless to enlarge upon the superior convenience
for reference which one large volume possesses over
a number of smaller ones.
We shall now proceed to show the weighty claims
which our work presents to the attention of the mem-
bers of the various professions, and the public gene-
rally.
1. The CLERGYMAN will find it an invaluable
guide in his professional duties. How often is he at
a loss to know what books to refer to, when pursuing
some interesting and useful branch of study ! We
are bold to say that there is no work in the language,
wiih the exception of this volume, which will answer
his purpose. Horne's Introduction, and Oeme's
Bibliotheca Biblica, treat of works which relate
to the Scriptures, only. Williams's Chbistiaji
Preacher, and Bickersteth's Christian Student,
and some other manuals of a similar character, are
very defective in bibliography, and so partial to those
who agree, and (unintentionally) unjust to others
who disagree, with the peculiar views of the compilers,
that the advocate is apparent, where the judge alone
should be heard. Now our work contains almost, if
not quite, all of the critical notices included in these
works, and many others of a different complexion.
The clergyman has only to turn to the class headed
"Divinity," and the theological treasures of the
English language are laid open to his view. By such
guidance, instead of purchasing his books at random,
and diminishing his means by the cost of works, which
he finds, on examination, unsuited to his purpose,
he can at once lay his hands upon exactly what he
needs. If he wish to add to his library works of a
miscellaneous character, he can consult this ever-
present, well-informed friend at his elbow, who will
indicate those works which are suitable, and those
which are unsuitable, for his library shelves and
parlour table.
2. The LAWYER will find in our work copious
notices of books in his profession, from Aecheold to
ViNER. The article " L.\w," in the Index, will enable
him to discover at once the title and dale of, and fre-
quently valuable critical opinions from the highest
authorities upon, the legal treatise which is to enable
him to study intelligently the important case, the
management of which is, perhaps, to make or mar
his professional reputation.
3. The DOCTOR OF MEDICINE is often at a loss
to lay his hands upon a treatise which will enable
him to master the diagnosis of some disease, which
has baffled his skill, or must be explained to his class.
He has no medical bibliographer to consult ; or he
may hesitate to admit ignorance in quarters where
professional rivalry may not always keep the secret.
Our Library of English Literature is on his shelf, is
consulted, has relieved him from his difficulty, and
he commends the wisdom of the profitable purchase.
6
PEEFACE.
Abernctfiy's Digestive Organs, Mede's Pestilential Con-
tagion, or WatCs Consumption, soon smiles grimly in
his library ; tlie patient is soon well enough to laugh
at his doctor, the medical students are dismissed,
"wiser," if not "better, men," and our ^Esculapius
walks forth, the admiration of his fellow citizens, as
a marvel of erudition.
4. In like manner, the MERCHANT who desires
to be acquainted with the literature of his profession,
and the ARTIST who is looking for the best manuals
of his calling, or the biographies of those who have
graven their names with the chisel upon the eloquent
marble, or stamped their fame upon the glowing
colours of the speaking canvass, — has here a sure
resource.
5. The ACxRICULTURIST can learn the most
recent improvements in the treatment of lands, and
provide himself with those stimulants to production,
without which, no farmer can now compete with his
intelligent neighbour.
6. And let not the WORKING MAN say to such a
manual as ours, " I have no need of thee. I am no
scholar, and have no time to read, even if I felt the
desire. I do, indeed, sometimes lament my ignorance
and inability to understand much of what I read in
the papers, but it is too late for me to learn." A
plea of this kind confutes itself
Our MECHANIC admits that he is often mortified at
his ignorance. Why then should he voluntarily re-
main in ignorance? As to the alleged "want of
time," this is altogether an error. The excuse may
be valid in one case in ten thousand : as the odds are
so great, we feel justified in never admitting its
validity. We will venture to assert that, almost
without an exception, every man, woman, and child,
who complains of want of time for the discharge of
neglected duties, can find time enough when inclina-
tion becomes the manager. In the busiest season,
will not time be found for that amusement, that re-
creation, which may be ardently desired by the one
who complains of being so much burdened ? We say
to the working man or woman, apprentice, boy, or
girl, determine to improve your mind, to add to your
stock of knowledge, and you will find time enough. In
time, as in money, it is neglect of the fragments
which consumes the store. Who could not, if so
disposed, save for reading one hour per day ? Not,
perhaps, in one term, but a few minutes here and
there, until the aggregate should amount to the time
supposed. If the working day be ten hours in length,
we have the following result:
One hour per day is, in a year, three hundred and
sixty-five hours — thirty-six days and a half — that is,
about five weeks in a year. Does not this surprise
you ? How much knowledge you will be possessed
of next year, if you devote five weeks to its acquisi-
tion this year ! In ten years you will, at the same
rate, have devoted one year to reading. Here is
time enough in which to learn two languages, or to
read through more than one hundred volumes !
If you say that one hour is too much time per day to
assume as a basis, then take half an hour, or a quarter,
or five minutes only, and you will see that it is still
worth saving. Be assured that the position you hold
among your neighbours, your respectability, your
usefulness, is mainly dependent upon the amount of
knowledge you possess. If you, honest shoemaker,
or carpenter, can tell your group of neighbours who
Franklin was, what Burke was distinguished for, why
Shakspeare is so much admired, in what year Wash-
ington was bom and when he died — if you can tell
them about such things, when you meet with the names
of these or other men in the village newspaper, every
one of your neighbours will respect you the more for
your knowledge.
If you, apprentice boy — you, young maiden — can
inform your parents of the philanthropic labours of
a Wilberforce and a Howard, of the eloquence of a
Henry, a Chatham, or a Clay, of the discoveries of a
Davy, or a Fulton, or a Newton, be sure your know-
ledge will "not fall to the ground."
What, indeed, intellectually considered, distin-
guishes a man from a brute, but education ? Before
the genius of such men as Edmund Burke and John
Milton, the world has bowed in heartfelt deference;
but had Burke and Milton been without education —
had they been North American Indians, for instance,
what would their genius have done for them ? It
might have enabled them to make a better canoe, or
scalp more enemies, or construct handsomer wig-
wams, than their fellows ; but if transplanted into
civilized life, they would, in usefulness to society,
have been many degrees inferior to the youth in the
public school. Such is the importance of knowledge,
which is truly "power!" Therefore, delay not to
acquire so inestimable a treasure !
A recent illustration of the pecuniary advantages
of knowledge, may properly conclude this portion of
our subject. An operative in a cotton factory sub-
scribed three dollars a year for a magazine. In this
periodical he found the designs of some patterns for
goods. He thought he could copy them — did so —
was eminently successful, and found that his three
dollars was a most profitable investment. Had he
said to the proffered magazine, as we have imagined
the working man to say to our manual, " I have no
need of thee," what a mistake he would have made !
7. The individual who follows no particular pur
suit, will find a work most useful, which will enable
him to pass his hours of retirement in entertaining
improvement, and to maintain social intercourse with
credit and esteem.
How often are the ignorant obliged to sit by in
stupid silence, whilst those better informed are dis-
cussing the merits of English and American authors,
of former or present days ! How many there are who
PREFACE.
know nothing of English history excepting what they
have learned from Shakspeare, and know no more of
Shakspeare than they have witnessed on the stage!
How many who confound Sir Isaac Newton with his
namesake, the excellent Bishop, and do not know the
difference between "rare Ben Jonson" and the dic-
tator at Mrs. Thrale's !
Ladies are generally better informed than the
other sex in these matters, but if the former
would abridge toilet-reviews and inordinate indulgence
in morning visits and evening parties, they would
know more, though they might gossip less. A pro-
per regard to the reputation of their own sex,
should induce them to carefully peruse a volume
which records the classic erudition of an Elizabeth
Carter, the astronomical investigations of a Mary
Somerville, the wisdom and piety of a Hannah More,
the poetical genius of a Felicia Ilemans, and other
immortal trophies of female intellect, illustrated
by a host of brilliant stars in the Literary Firma-
ment.
8. AU who purchase books for district and other
school-libraries, for their own families or for their
private book-case, will see the usefulness of a work
which will at once direct them to the best wokks
OF THE BEST AUTHORS. Toachers and parents will
have no hesitation in accepting the critical opinions
of the wise and good, recorded in these pages. As
regards the work itself, care has been taken to
rigorously exclude everything of an objectionable
• character. It may be read aloud to the family
circle without fear of its calling a blush to the cheek
of modesty, or inflicting a pang upon the heart of
the conscientious Christian. It is proper in this con-
nexion to remark, that whilst the literary merits of
writers of all classes are candidly acknowledged, and
no religious or irreligious peculiarities are considered
as sanctioning injustice to their advocates, yet a pro-
found deference to the pi-inciples of the Christian
religion, and a settled disapprobation of the impieties
and absurdities of infidelity, are fearlessly announced.
If this displease any, let them be displeased. "Let
God be true, and every man a liar."
9. Booksellers need not be told of the importance
to their own interest, of encouraging the circulation
of a work which will tend more to the enlarged sale of
books than any publication which has ever appeared.
Several of the best known and most extensive pub-
lishers and booksellers in the United States have
warmly encouraged the preparation of this volume.
Indeed, no intelligent bookseller who understands
his own business, can dispense with it as a constant
companion. It will ensible him to point out to his
customer, at once, the books of which he is in quest,
and to show him the opinions of the most distin-
guished critics and esteemed authorities as to their
merits or demerits. The application of these re-
marks, and many of the preceding considerations, to
ACTHOBS and editors, whether of books or periodi-
cals, is so obvious, that no enlargement is neces-
sary.
It is obvious to those at all familiar with the sub-
ject, that no work of this kind could have been pro-
perly prepared, without an intimate acquaintance
with English literature, and the advantage of an ex-
tensive private library, for constant reference and
consultation, It is, therefore, proper to remark, that
the author of The Critical Dictionary of Englisb
Literature, and British and American Authors,
has long applied himself to the subject, with con-
siderable labour and zeal, and spent many years in
accumulating a large collection of rare and curious
literary treasures, in addition to the manuals gene-
rally considered as the best authorities. We give a
list of some of the works which we have kept at our
side for consultation and guidance, though not obliged
to lay all of them under contribution.
The General Dictionary, Historical and Critical
(including Bayle), of Birch, Lockman, Sale, and
others. London, 1734-41, 10 vols., fol. The Bio-
graphia Britannica. Lon., 1747-G6, 7 vols., fol.;
and 1778-92, 5 vols., fol.
The English, Scotch, and Irish Historical Libra-
ries, by Bishop Nicolson. Lon., 177G, 4to. Oldys'a
British Librarian. Lon., 1738, 12mo. Gerard Lang-
baine'a Account of the English Dramatic Poets.
Oxford, 1C91, ISmo. Biographia Dramatica. Lon.,
1812, 3 vols, in 4, 8vo. Whincop's Complete List
of English Dramatic Poets. Lon., 1747, 8vo. Rit-
son'a Bibliographia Poetica. 1802, R. Svo. Wood's
Athenoe Oxoniensis, with Additions and a Continua-
tion by Dr. Bliss. Lon., 1813-20, 4 vols., 4to.
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Lon., 1812-16, 10
vols, in 9, Svo. ; and Illustrations of the Literary
History of the Eighteenth Century. 7 vols., 1817-48,
8vo. Walpole's History of the Royal and Noble
Authors of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with a
List of their Works, enlarged and continued by
Thomas Park. Lon., 180G, 5 vols., 8vo.
Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, or a General Index
to British and Foreign Literature. Lon., 1824, 4
vols., 4to. To this excellent work we are largely
indebted, having drawn freely from its pages for
particulars of editions, &c. Some late writers have
affected to depreciate the value of this work, because
inaccuracies have not escaped the eye of the critic.
Having examined every article pertaining to British
authors (about 22,500) in the work, we consider
ourselves qualified to give an opinion. Errors there
are, and some glaring ones, which can readily be
excused in a work of such vast compass, yet the
Bibliotheca of Dr. Watt will always deserve to be
valued as one of the most stupendous literary monu-
ments ever reared by the industry of man. As stated
elsewhere, we have included in our work every
British author noticed by Dr. Watt; yet his work
8
PREFACE.
can ty no means be dispensed with by tlie biblio-
grapher. We continue our enumeration of authori-
ties.
Dibdiu's Typographical Antiquities ; or The His-
tory of Printing in Great Britain, enlarged on Ames
and Herbert. Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols., 4to. Dibdin's
Bibliographical Decameron. Lon., 1817, 3 vols., 8vo.
Dibdin's Library Companion. Lon., 1825, 8vo. Dib-
din's Bibliomania, or Book Madness. 2d edit., Lon.,
1842, R. 8to. Dibdin's Greek and Roman Classics.
4th edit., Lon., 1827, 2 vols., imp. 8to. Dibdin's
Reminiscences of a Literary Life. Lon., 1836, 2 vols.,
Svo. Dibdin's Director ; a Literary Journal. Lon.,
1807, 2 vols., 8vo.
Sir Egerton Brydges's (assisted by Haslewood and
others) Censura Literaria, containing Titles, Ab-
stracts, and Opinions of Old English Books, &c. 2d
edit., Lon., 1815, 2 vols., Svo. ; The British Biblio-
grapher, Lon., 1810-14, 4 vols., 8vo. ; Restituta; or
Titles, Extracts, and Characters of Old English Lite-
rature, revived, Lon., 1814-16, 4 vols., 8vo.; Brydges's
edition of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicano-
rum. Rev. Tliomas Hartwell Home's Introduction
to the Study of Bibliography. Lon., 1814, 2 vols.,
8vo. Manual of Biblical Bibliography. Lon., 1839,
Svo. Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica. Lon., 1815, R. Svo.
Schlosser's History of the 18th Century and part of
the 19th, trans, by D. Davidson. Lon., 1844-52, 8
vols., Svo. Dr. Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
Lon., 1817, 2 vols., 4to. ; Memorials of Shakspeare,
and other works of this elegant and useful writer.
Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. Lon., 1834, 4
vols., Svo. Lowndes's British Librarian, or Book
Collector's Guide, 1839, &c., 8vo. Mackenzie's
Lives and Characters of the most eminent 'Writers
of the Scots Nation. Edin., 1708-22, 3 vols., fol.
Stark's Biographia Scotica. Edin., 1805, 32mo.
Biographia Scoticana. Leith, 1816, Svo. Aikin's
and Johnston's General Biography. Lon., 1799-1815,
10 vols., 4to. The New Biographical Dictionary.
Lon., 1798, 15 vols., Svo. Chalmers's Biographical
Dictionary. Lon., 1812-17, 32 vols., Svo. New
(Rose's) Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 1848, 12
vols., Svo. Gorton's Biographical Dictionary. Lon.,
1851, 4 vols, (with supplement) 8vo.
Biographie Universelle. Biographic Universelle,
Ancienne et Moderne. Manuel du Libraire et de
r Amateur de Livres; par Jacques-Charles Brunei,
Quatrifeme edition. Paris, 1842-4, 5 vols., imp. Svo.
Biblioth^flue Universelle dcs Voyages ; par G. Boucher
De La Richarderie. Paris, 1808, 6 vols., Svo. Bib-
liographic Biographique, par Edouard-Marie Oct-
tinger. Leipsic, 1850, imp. Svo. Bibliotheca Ame-
ricana Nova, &c., by 0. Rich. Lon., 1832-35, 46,
3 vols., Svo.
D'Israeli's Miscellanies of Literature. Lon., 1840,
R. Svo. Curiosities of Literature. Lon., 1840, R.
Svo. Arvine's Cyclopccdia of Moral and Religious
Anecdotes, Boston, Svo. ; Anecdotes of Literature
and the Fine Arts. Boston, 1852, imp. Svo. Dr.
Jamieson's Cyclopedia of Religious Biography. Lon.,
1853, 12mo. Keddie's Cyclopedia of Literary and
Scientific Anecdote. Lon., 1854, 12mo. Thackeray's
English Humourists of the 18th Century. N. York,
1853, 12mo. Neele's Lectures on English Poetry.
Lon., 12mo. Rev. A. Hume's Learned Societies and
Printing Clubs. Lou., 1853, 12mo. Thomas Camp-
bell's Essay on English Poetry, with Notices of the
British Poets. Lon., 1848, 12mo. Madden's In-
firmities of Genius. Lon. 1833, 2 vols., 12mo.
Brougham's Lives of Men of Letters and Science
temp. George III. Phila., 1845, 12mo. Dr. John-
son's Lives of the English Poets. Lon., 1850, 18mo.
Boswell's Life of Johnson, edited by Croker. Lon.,
1848, R. Svo. Lockhart's Life of Scott. Edin.,
1844, R. Svo. Moore's Life of Lord Byron. N. York,
2 vols., R. Svo. Prior's Life of Burke. Boston,
1854, 2 vols., 12mo. The Works and Correspondence
of Burke. Lon., 1852, 8 vols., Svo. Forster's Life
and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith. Lon., 184S,
12mo. The London Anecdotes. Lon., 32mo. Berk-
enhout's Biographia Literaria. Lon., 1777, 4to.
Bickersteth's Christian Student. Lon., 1844, 12mo.
Men of the Time. N. York, 1852, 12mo., and Lon.,
1853, 12mo. Williams's Christian Preacher. Lon.,
1843, 12mo. Stevenson's Discovery, Navigation, and
Commerce. Edin., 1824, Svo. Marvin's Legal Bib-
liography. Phila., 1847, R. Svo. Allen's American
Biographical and Historical Dictionary. Boston,
1832, Svo. Encyclopedia Americana, 14 vols. R.
W. Griswold's Prose Writers of America, 4th edit.,
Phila., 1852, R. Svo. ; Poets and Poetry of America,
Phila., 1852, R. Svo.; Female Poets of America, 2d
edit., Phila. 1853, R. Svo. Rev. Dr. Blake's Bio-
graphical Dictionary. Boston, Sth edit., 1853, R.
Svo. Cleveland's Compendium of English Literature.
Phila., 1852, 12mo. ; English Literature of the 19th
Century. 1853, 12mo. Fuller's Worthies of Eng-
land, by Nuttall. Lon., 1840, 3 vols., Svo. Poole's
Index to Periodical Literature. N. Y'ork, 1853, R.
Svo. Cunningham's Biographical History of Eng-
land. Lon. and Edin., 1852, 8 vols., Svo. Warton's
History of English Poetry. Lon., 1840, 3 vols., Svo.
The Georgian Era. Lon., 1832-34, 4 vols., 12mo
Ellis's Specimens of the Early English Poets. 1845,
3vols., 12mo. The Living Authors of England. 12mo.
A Manual of British Historians to A. D. 1000.
Aikin's, &o., British Poets. Phila., 1842-5, 3 vols.,
8vo. Professor Wm. Smyth's Lectures on Modern
History, edited by Jared Sparks. Boston, 1851, 8vo.
Middleton's Biographia Evangelica. Lon., 1810, 4
vols., Svo. The Life and Correspondence of Robert
Southey. N. Y'ork, 1851, Svo. Ryan's Poetry and
Poets. Lon., 1820, 3 vols. 12mo. Moir's Poetical
Literature of the Past Half-Century. Edin., 1851,
12mo. Macaulay's History of England. Phila., 1851,
2 vols., 12mo. Bell's Lives of the English Poets.
Lon., 1839, 2 vols., 12mo. J. Collier's Poetical De-
PREFACE.
9
camevon. Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 12mo. Hallam's Lite-
rary History of Europe. 3d edit., Lon., 1847, 3 vols.
8vo. Andrews's History of Great Britain and Europe.
Lon., 1794, 4to. Henry's and Andrews's do. Lon.,
14 vols., 8vo. Christian Civilization. Lon., 1S50,
12mo. Ellis's Letters of Eminent Literary Men.
Lon., 1843, Svo. Headley's Beauties of Ancient
English Poetry. 1810, 12mo. Ballard's Memoirs
of British Ladies. Lon., 1775, Svo. Timpson's
British Female Biography. Lou., 1846, 12mo. Mrs.
Sarah Josepha Hale's Woman's Record. N. York,
1853, R. 8vo. The Works, Life and Letters of Charles
Lamb, by Talfourd. N. York, 1852, 2 vols., 12mo.
The Metrical Miscellany. Lon., 1802, 8vo. Aikin's
Letters on English Poetry. Lon., 1804, 18mo. The
Muse's Mirrour. Lon., 1778, 2 vols., 12mo. Jacob's
Account of English Poets. 1720, 2 vols., 12mo. Biog-
graphiana. Lon., 1799, 2 vols., 8vo. Warburton's
Letters to Hurd. N. York, 1809, Svo. Biographical
Dictionary. Lon., 1809, 32mo. A Universal Biogra-
phical Dictionary. Hartford, 1847, 12mo. McClure's
Translators Revived. 1853, 12mo. Maunder's Bio-
graphical Treasury. Lon., 1847, 12mo. Hand Book
of Universal Biography, by Parke Godwin. N. York,
1852, 12mo. Bellchambers's Biographical Dictionary.
Lon., 1835, 4 vols., 32mo. Rich's Cyclopaedia of
Biography. Lon. and Glasg., 1854, Svo. Bingley's
Biographical Conversations. Lon., 1821, 12mo.
Ritson's Ancient Popular Poetry. Lon., 1833, 12mo.
Anecdote Library. Lon., 1822, sm. 4to. Anecdotes
of Books and Authors. Lon., 1836, ISmo. Seward's
Anecdotes of Distinguished Persons. Lon., 1804,
Svo. Anecdotes of Polite Literature. Lon., 1764,
5 vols., ISmo. Letters of Anna Seward. Lon., ISll,
6 vols., 18mo. Biographical Magazine. Lon., 1701,
Svo. Granger's Biographical History of England,
with Noble's Continuation. Lon., 1806-24, 9 vols.,
Svo. Letters between Granger and some Literary
Men. Lon., 1815, Svo. Percy Anecdotes. N.York,
1839, Svo. Dr. King's Political and Literary Anec-
dotes. Boston, 1S19, 12mo. Davis's Olio of Lite-
rary and Bibliographical Anecdotes. Lon., 1814,
12mo. Anecdotes of Hogarth, by Nichols. Lon.,
1783, 12mo. Reminiscences of Henry Angelo. Lon.,
1830, 2 vols., Svo. Barker's Literary Anecdotes.
Lon., 1852, 2 vols., Svo. Professional Anecdotes, or
Ana of Medical Literature. Lon., 1825, 3 vols., 12mo.
Watkins's Characteristic Anecdotes. Lon., 1808, Svo.
Oxberry's Dramatic Biography. Lon., 1825-27, 6
vols., ISmo. Dutensiana. Lon., 1806, 5 vols., ISmo.
Anecdotes of the Life of Bishop Watson, 1S18, 2 vols.,
Svo. Almon's Biographical, Political, and Literary
Anecdotes. 1797, 3 vols., 8vo. Blagdon's Flowers
of Literature. Lon., 1805-8, i vols., 12mo. Life
of Sir Samuel Romilly. Lon., 1842, 2 vols., 12mo.
Craik's Literature and Learning in England, Lon.,
1S44-5, 6 vols., ISmo. ; Pursuit of Knowledge under
Difficulties, Lon., 1845-7, 4 vols., ISmo. Oxberry's
Flowers of Literature, or EncyclopEedia of Anecdotes.
Lon., 1S21, 4 vols., ISmo. Sir John Harrington's
Nugse Antiquse, edited by Thomas Park. Lon., 1S04,
2 vols. Svo. The British Plutarch. Lon., 1791, 8
vols., 12mo. Taylor's Modern British Plutarch. N.
York, 1840, 12mo. Hazlitt's Miscellanies. Phila.,
1S4S, 5 vols., 12mo. Weber's Metrical Romances.
Lon., 1810, 3 vols., Svo. Tuckerman's Character-
istics of Literature. Phila., 1849-51, 2 vols., 12mo.
Oxford Prize Poems. Oxford, 1806, 12mo. Hip-
pesley's Early English Literature. Lon., 1837, 12mo.
Collier's English Dramatic Poetry. Lon., 1831, 3
vols. 12mo. Ryan's Biographia Hibernica. Lon.,
1826, 2 vols., Svo. Gilfillan's Modern Literature.
N. York, 1850, 12mo. Lives of Scottish Poets. Lon.,
1821, 3 vols., ISmo. Sacred Poetry of the 17th
Century. Lon., 1836, 2 vols., ISmo. Memoirs of
Physicians. Lon., 1818, 8to. England's Worthies,
by John Vickars. Lon., 1845, 12mo. De Quincey'3
Works. Boston, 1851, 7 vols. 12mo. Pegge's Anony-
miana. Lon., 1809, 12mo. Dodsley's Collection of
Poems. Lon., 1770, 6 vols., 12mo. Eminent Lite-
rary and Scientific Men of Great Britain. Lon.,
1S36, 5 vols., ISmo. Beloe's Sexagenarian, or Re-
collections of a Literary Life. Lon., 1817, 2 vols.,
Svo. Fifty Years Recollections of an Old Bookseller.
Lon., 1837, Svo. Aikin's Lives of Selden and Usher.
Lon., 1S32, Svo. Necrology. Lon., 1805, Svo.
Lectures on English Poets, by Percival Stockdale.
Lon., 1S07, 2 vols., Svo. Lives of Eminent Persons.
Lon., 1833, Svo. Graduates of Oxford, 1C59-1726.
Oxf., 1727, Svo. Evans's Essays on Song Writing.
Lon., 1810, 12mo. Introduction to Literary History
of 14th and 15th Centuries. Lon., 1798, Svo. Alve's
Sketches of a History of Literature. Edin., 1794,
Svo. Cooper's Muse's Library. Lon., 1741, 12mo.
Gems of Epistolary Correspondence, by Willmott.
Lon., 1846, Svo. Memoirs of Dr. Parr, by R. W.
Field. Lon., 1828, 2 vols., Svo. Aikin's Life of Ad-
dison. Lon., 1843, 2 vols., 12mo. Wild's Memoirs
of Dean Swift. Dubl., 1849, 8vo. Sir Egerton
Brydges's Autobiography. Lon., 1S34, 2 vols., 8vo.
Poynder's Literary Extracts. Lon., 3 vols., 8vo.
Records of Literature, by C. Taylor. Lon., ISOS, 2
vols., Svo. Critical Observations on Books. Lon.,
1783, 2 vols., Svo. English Puritan Divines. Lou.,
ISmo. Southey's Lives of Uneducated Poets. Lon.,
1836, 12mo. Imitations of Celebrated Authors
Lon., 1844, 12mo. Byrn's Book of 1000 Anecdotes.
Boston, 1853, 12mo. Newbery's Art of Poetry.
Lon., 1762, ISmo. The Lounger's Commonplace
Book. Lon., 1805-7, 4 vols., Svo. Smyth's Bio-
graphical Illustrations of Westminster Abbey. Lon.,
1843, Svo. Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope. Lon.,
1846, 3 vols., 12mo. Southey's Specimens of the
Later English Poets. Lon., 1807, 3 vols., 12mo.
Burnett's Specimens of English Prose Writers. Lon.,
1813, 3 vols., 12mo. Kettel's Specimens of American
Poetry. Bo.ston, 1829, 3 vols., 12mo. Lempri&re's
I Universal Biographical Encyclopaedia, by Lord. N.
10
PREFACE.
y., 1825, 2 vols., 8vo. Testamenta Vetusta, by
Nicolas. Lon., 1826, 2 vols., 8vo. Mills's Literature,
&c., of Great Britain, etc. N. Y., 1851, 2 vols., 8vo.
Keadings in Poetry. Lon., 1853, 18mo. Readings
in English Prose Literature. Lon., 1849, 18mo.
Readings in Biography. Lon., 1852, 18mo. Wat-
kins's Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 1807, Bvo.
Life and Letters of Thomas Campbell, by Dr. Beattie.
N. Y., 1850, 2 vols., 12mo. Goodrich's Popular
Biography. N. Y., 1852, 12mo. Autobiography of
Leigh Hunt. N. Y., 1850, 2 vols., 12mo. Men,
Women, and Books, by Leigh Hunt. N. Y., 1847, 2
vols., 12mo. Cambridge Prize Poems. Camb., 1808,
2 vols., 12mo. Mitford's Recollections of a Literary
Life. N. Y., 1850, 12mo. Hewitt's Homes and
Haunts of the British Poets. N. Y., 1851, 2 vols.,
12mo. The Literati, by Edgar A. Poe. N. Y., 1850,
12mo.
J. P. Collier's Shakespeare's Library. Lon., 1850,
2 vols., 8vo. Shakesperiana, by Wilson. Lon.,
1827, 12ma. Shakesperiana, by Halliwell. Lon.,
1841, 8vo. Shakspeare's Himself Again, by A.
Becket. Lon., 1812, 2 vols., 8vo. The Confessions
of W. H. Ireland. Lon., 1805, 12mo. Remarks on
Collier's and Knight's editions of Shakespeare, by
Rev. Alex. Dyce. Lon., 1844, 8vo. Donee's Illus-
trations of Shakespeare. Lon., 1839, 8vo. Mrs.
Montague's Essay on Shakespear. Lon., 1770, 18mo.
Shakspere and His Times. By Geo. Twcddell. Lon.,
1852, IBmo. Galerie des Femmes de Shakespeare.
Paris, 2 vols., R. 8to. Shakspeare's Genius Justified,
by Z. Jackson. Lon., 1819, 8vo. Miscellaneous
Papers, etc., of Shakspeare, by Saml. Ireland. Lon.,
1790, 8vo. J. P. CoUier's Notes and Emendations
to the Text of Shakespeare's Plays. N. Y. 1853,
12mo. Shakspeare and His Times, by M. Guizot.
N. Y., 1852, 12mo. Knight's Biography of Shake-
speare; Studies of Shakespeare. Lon., 1851, 2 vols.
8vo. An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare, by
Dr. R. Farmer. Lon., 1821, 12mo. Becket's Dra-
matic Miscellanies, edited by Dr. Beattie. Lon.,
1838, 2 vols. 8vo. Malone's Inquiry into the Authen-
ticity of the Ireland Shakespeare JIS. Lon., 1796,
8vo. Halliwell's Life of Shakespeare. Lon., 1848,
8vo. Hunter's New Illustrations of Shakespeare.
Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8to. Hudson's Lectures on
Shakespeare. N. Y., 1848, 2 vols., 12mo. Chal-
mers's Supplemental Apology relative to the Ireland
Shakespeare MS. Fairhold's Home of Shakspere.
Lon., 1847, 18mo. Essays on Shakespeai-e's Fal-
stafF, etc. Lon., 1789, 18mo. Traditionary Anec-
dotes of Shakespeare. Lon., 1838, 12mo. Collier's
Reasons for a New Edition of Shakespeare's Works.
Lon., 1842, 8vo. Ireland's Vindication relative to
the Supposed Shakespeare MSS.
Biograpbia Britanuica Literaria. Anglo-Saxon
Period, by Thos. Wright, M. A. Anglo-Norman Pe-
riod, by Thos. Wright, M. A. Lon., 1842-4G, 2 vols.,
8vo. (See Introduc.) The Clergy of America, by
Dr. Belcher. Phila., 1848, 12mo. J. Pye Smith'a
First Lines of Christian Theology, edited by Wm.
Farrar. Lon., 1854, 8vo. Lodge's Portraits and
Memoirs of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain.
Lon., 1840, 10 vols., imp. 8vo. Eccleston's Eng-
lish Antiquities. Lon., 1847, 8vo. Chambers's
Cyclopsedia of English Literature. Edin., 1844, 2
vols., imp. 8vo. Shaw's Outlines of English Litera-
ture. Phila., 1852, 12mo. Spalding's History of
English Literature, N. Y., 1853, 12mo. Pycroft's
Course of English Reading. Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Bibliothfeque Americaine, par H. Ternaux. Paris,
1837, 8vo. Ludewig's Literature of American Local
History. N. Y., 1846, 8vo. Goodhugh's Library
Companion. Lon., 1827, 8vo. Literary and Mis-
cellaneous Memoirs, by J. Cradock. Lon., 1828, 4
vols., 8vo. Literary Recollections, by Rev. Richard
Warner. Lon., 1830, 2 vols., 8vo. ElBgies Poeticfe.
Lon., 1824, 8vo. Chalmers's Poetic Remains of some
of the Scottish Kings. Lon., 1824, 12mo. Upcott'a
Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors. Lon.,
1816, 8vo. Dr. Williams's American Medical Bio-
graphy. Greenfield, 1845, 8vo. Diary and Letters
of Madame D'Arblay. Lon., 1842-6, 7 vols., 12mo.
Willis's Pencillings by the Way. N. Y., 1852, 12mo.
Rowton's Female Poets of Great Britain. Lon.,
1848, 12mo. The Poetry and Poets of Great Britain.
Edin., 1850, 12mo. Modern British Essayists.
Phila., 1848, etc., 8 vols., 8vo. Physiognomical
Portraits. Lon., 1823, 2 vols., imp. 8vo. The Mir-
ror for Magistrates. Lon., 1815, 3 vols., 4to. War-
ren's Introduction to Law Studies. Lon., 1845,
12mo. Dr. Goodrich's British Eloquence. N. Y.,
1852, 8vo. Diary and Correspondence of Saml. Pepys,
4th edit., 1854, 4 vols., R. 8vo. Diary and Corres-
pondence of John Evelyn. 1850, 4 vols., 8vo. Diary
and Correspondence of Ralph Thoresby. Lon., 1830,
4 vols. 8vo. Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens
of England. Lon., 1853, 8 vols., R. 8vo. Gibbon's
Miscellaneous Works, by Lord Sheffield. Lon., 1837,
8vo. Chronicles of the Crusades. Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Ellis's Metrical Romances, edited by Halliwell. 1848,
12mo. Schlegel's Lectures on Dramatic Art and
Literature. Lon., 1846, 8vo. Southey's Doctor.
Lon., 1849, 8vo. ; do. Common Place Book. Park's
Pantology. Phil.a., 1841, 8vo. Life and Corres-
pondence of Lord Jeff'reys. Phila., 1852, 2 vols.,
8vo. Collier's Roxburghe Ballads. Lon., 1847,
12mo. Hone's Works. Lon., 4 vols., 8vo. Whip-
ple's Essays and Reviews. Boston, 1851, 2 vols.
12mo. Whipple's Lectures. 1850, 12mo. Giles's
Lectures and Essays. Boston, 1850, 3 vols., 12mo.
The Poetical Register. Lon., 1805, etc., 8 vols.,
12mo. Timperley's Encyclopaedia of Literature and
Typographical Anecdote. Lon., 1839, 8vo. Savage's
Librarian. Lon., 1808, 3 vols., 8vo. Johnson's
Typographia. Lon., 1824, 2 vols., 8vo. Beloe's
Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books. Lon.,
1814, 6 vols., 8vo. Moss's Classical Bibliography.
PKEFACE.
11
Lon., 1837, 2 vols., 8to. The Book Rarities of the
University of Cambridge. Lon., 1829, 8vo. Fry's
Bibliographical Memoranda. Bristol, 1816, sm. 4to.
Alphabetical Register of Authors, by Reuss. Berlin,
1791. Buckingbam's Reminiscences. Boston, 1852,
2 vols., 12mo. Munsell's Typographical Miscellany.
Albany, 1850, 8vo. Soanes's New Curiosities of
Literature. Lon., 1849, 2 vols., 12mo. Encyclo-
paedia Britannica. 7th edit., 24 vols., Lon., 1842,
etc., 4to. Matthias's Pursuits of Literature. Lon.,
1812, R. 4to. Spence's Anecdotes. 1820, imp. fol.
Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, 4to.
Collier's Great Historical and Poetical Dictionary.
Lon., 1701, etc., 3 vols., fol. Harleian Miscellany.
Lon., 1744-6, 8 vols., 4to. Piatt's Universal Bio-
graphy. Lon., 1826, 5 vols., 8vo. Gentleman's Maga-
zine, 1731-1854, about 220 vols. Universal Maga-
zine, 1747-1803, 112 vols. London Monthly Review,
1749-1842, about 225 vols. Edinburgh Review,
1802-1854, 104 vols. London Retrospective Review,
1820-8, 16 vols. London Quarterly Review, 1809-1854,
96 vols. Blackwood'sEdinburgh Magazine, 1817-1854.
Littell's Living Age. Also the London Literary Ga-
zette ; London Athenwum ; North British Review ;
Westminster Review ; Edinburgh Annual Register ;
London Christian Observer ; London Monthly Reposi-
tory ; British Magazine ; London Notes and Queries ;
and a large collection of bibliography, including
catalogues of many of the most celebrated English
libraries, from Dr. Mede's to Dawson Turner's.
The reader will observe that only those works have
been named which profess to record biographical or
bibliographical information. It is hardly necessary
to say, that in a city like Philadelphia, the autlior
has not been restricted to his own library, for the
purpose of literary research ; although the above list,
perhaps, evinces some zeal in the collection of appro-
priate works. It is, however, proper to state that
the Critical Dictionary now submitted to the public,
IS BY NO MEANS A MERE SEKVILE COMPILATION FEOM
EXisTiNO AUTHORITIES. Great pains and much time
have been devoted to the sifting of statements, the
comparison of opposing records, and the authentica-
tion of dates.
The many errors to be found in compilations of
this character, are partly attributable to the fact, that,
in most instances, a number of editors, often without
unity of counsel, have combined their labours in the
production of one work. Tet the advantages of such
combination in a compendium of general biography,
are too great to be sacrificed to the hope of perhaps
unattainable perfection. But it is believed that a
work of the character now presented to the public,
restricted to one class — authors — and British and
American authors only, can be better prepared by
one editor than by many. In such unions, each co-
labourer brings to the common stock, preconceived
partialities and antipathies, and a scientific or lite-
rary esprit du corps, which can hardly be reconciled
without mutual concessions, and compromises, of
which the public must bear the cost. That this is
no picture of the imagination, the literary reader will
bear us witness. In this work, the author has declined
many proffers of assistance, in order that he might
pursue his own plans without interruption, and feel,
as he added stone after stone to the edifice, that the
literary monument, when erected, would be the work
of his own hands.
Whilst thus claiming all responsibility which at-
taches to the preparation of this volume, we have
pleasure in expressing our obligations to the nume-
rous correspondents in Great Britain and America
who have furnished us information respecting their
own literary biography or that of other writers. If
we have not always profited by the well-meant sug-
gestions of our advisers, it must be remembered in
our defence that he alone who, from the advantages
of his position, can take in at one survey the mate-
rials of which he is to compose his edifice, can intelli-
gently judge as to the best disposition of the parts
and the most suitable style of architecture.
With reg.ard to those matters in which the author
has been obliged to adjudicate — the opposing ver-
sions connected with biographical and literary details
— he claims no infallibility, and must expect to en-
counter occasional dissent. Yet a timely caution
against hasty and superficial criticism, may save
mortification to that class of commentators who so
often excite commiseration by mistaking crude specu-
lations, and the rash confidence of unconscious igno-
rance, for the results of learned investigation, and
the modest assurance of intelligent deliberation.
When such critics feel disposed to charge us with
error, from our want of coincidence with their pre-
conceived opinions, it will be only modest to ask
themselves, if it be quite certain that they are right,
and ourselves in the wrong ? Unless the disputed
question be one within their own personal knowledge
— which it, of course, seldom can be — their charge
of error at our door, can only mean that they prefer
some opposing version to that which they criticise ; —
but may not their authority have been the subject
of our consideration, also? — have been carefully
scrutinized, and deliberately rejected ? We may
not, indeed, explicitly refer to the dictum to which
our critic so deferentially bows, for it is impossible
in our limited space to give aught but the conclu-
sions of our researches, — but this omission affords
no proof of our ignorance of such opposing authori-
ties. Whatever may be the faults and imperfections
of our work, we prefer to fall into the hands of the
learned, who can appreciate both merits and defects,
rather than trust to the tender mercies of the lite-
rary charlatan, whose commendation and censure are
alike worthless.
It is not the erudite bibliographer, for instance,
who will object to the introduction into a work of
this kind, of the many brief articles of a few lines —
12
PREFACE.
in some cases only one line — which 'will be found
scattered up and down on our pages. Those who
estimate the usefulness of an article by its length,
would banish those short records from our volume ;
but the intelligent critic will reply, with Dr. Johnson,
that all knowledge tends to profit, and that " it is of
use to a man only to know that there is such a place
as Kamschatka."
The result of an important lawsuit, the adjustment
of a disputed boundary, the settlement of a weighty
literary controversy, may often depend upon the
knowledge of the title, or date, of a book to be found
in the conclusion of a "paltry line," ridiculed by the
ignorant for its brevity. And as regards the com-
parative value of information, each reader can judge
for himself, but no one can prescribe for his fellow.
The few lines devoted to the consideration of an anti-
quarian tract, which you grudge from the poetical
article which precedes them, will be valued by some
neighbouring "Oldbuck" above all the poetry since
the days of Homer. Whilst to spread a repast which
Bhall satisfy the appetite of all, is a consummation
beyond the ambition even of a literary LucuUus, yet
the author hopes that each guest will here find some
refreshment which will reward him for his delay,
and perhaps strengthen him anew for the journey of
human life.
In conclusion, we would once more labour to im-
press upon our readers the duty of the zealous pur-
suit of those paths of learning and science which
lead to usefulness, happiness, and honour. Be not
dismayed by the apparently unattractive character
of much of the scenery through which you must pass.
Persevere ; and distaste will soon yield to pleasure,
and repugnance give place to enjoyment. An ever
present and influential sense of the importance of
the goal, will do wonders in overcoming the diffi-
culties of the way. To those Israelites whose hearts
fainted for a sight of their beloved Temple, the sands
of the desert, and the perils of the road, presented
no obstacles which their energy and their faith could
not surmount. The arid "Valley of Baca" to them
became a well — for, in the beautiful language of the
Psalmist, " The rain also fiUeth the pools."
TO THE READER.
It will be observed that the limit of the Literary
History contained in this work is stated to be " The
Middle of the Nineteenth Century." Our pages, how-
ever, bear constant evidence of researches carried
down to the day of publication ; and in many cases
we have felt at liberty to announce literary enter-
prises which may not see the light until long after
cur own labours have been submitted to the public.
1. As regards the places of publication of the works
enumerated in this Dictionary, it will be understood
that the place affixed to the first book noticed in an
article applies also to all the books which occur
before the mention of another place in the same
article. There are some exceptions to this rule, (it
is not known, for instance, where some books were
printed,) but the bibliographer — the only one likely
to be curious in such matters — will know where to
look for the details which our limits forbid us to
introduce.
2. It will be understood that the fact of the publi-
cation of Sermons properly suggests (in this Dic-
tionary) the prefix Rev. to the name of the author,
save in the few cases where such productions are
from the pens of laymen, — which fact is always
stated in the article.
3. At the end of the Dictionary the reader will
find forty copious Indexes of subjects, by the means
of which he can at once refer to all the authors who
have written upon .any given department of letters.
PmLADELPHIA, StpUmbcTj 1864.
Infrobuctioii k €arfe O^nglblj fittrmr fistoxiT,
WITH
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF PROMINENT AUTHORS AND THEffi WORKS,
FROM A.D. 500 TO A.D. 1850,
^omc giccttious foi: i\ (Loursc M 6nglislr |{c;iMng.
Reading is that art by which I am enabled to avail
myself of the recorded wisdom of mankind.
As the results of Deliberation, the achievements
of Enterprise, the conclusions of Judgment, and the
excursions of Fancy, have, to a large extent, been
recorded by the pen and diffused by the Tress, each
individual may profit by the labour of others, and,
without diminishing the common stock, be enriched
from the Public Treasury of Intellectual Wealth.
We have already enlarged upon the duty of mental
acquisition, and to this effect shown the necessity of
careful selection, that we may not waste valuable
time, which should be devoted to mental and moral
improvement, in the perusal of that which is unpro-
fitable, perhaps positively injurious, in its tendency.
(See Preface.) So anxious are we to make a durable
impression upon the mind of the reader, th.at we shall
reenforce the arguments we have alre.idy urged to
induce him to become a diligent student, by the cita-
tion of some weighty opinions as to the value of good
books, and the inestimable rewards attend.aut upon
literary research and intellectual cultivation.
That eccentric philosopher, Robert Burton, after
a review of the various devices which are used to ex-
orcise the "foul fiend," Melancholy, thus continues:
" But amongst those exercises, or recreations of the mind
within doors, there is none so general, so aptly to be ap-
plied to all sorts of men, so fit and proper to expel idleness
and melancholy, as that of Stody : Studia senectutem oh-
lectant, ad olescentiam alunt, secundas res ornant, adversis
perfugium et solatium precbant, domi delectant, &c. [Study
is the delight of old age, the support of youth, the orna-
ment of prosperity, the solace and refuge of adversity, the
comfort of domestic life, Ac] ; find the rest in TuUy pro
Archia Poeta Who is he that is now wholly
overcome with idleness, or otherwise involved in a laby-
rinth of worldly care, troubles, and discontents, that will
not be much lightened in his mind by reading of some en-
ticing story, true or feigned, where, as in a glass, he shall
observe what our forefathers have done ; the beginnings,
ruins, falls, periods of commonwealths, private men's ac-
tions, displayed to the life, &C.1 Plutarch therefore calls
them, secundas mensas et lellaria, the second course and
junkets, because they were usually read at noblemen's
feasts. Who is not earnestly afl'ected with a passionate
speech, well penned, an elegant poem, or some pleasant
bewitching discourse, like that of Ueliodorus, nbi oMcctatio
quccdam placide fitit, cum hilarilale conjuucta f Julian,
the Apostate, was so taken with an oration of Libanius,
the sophister, that, as he confesseth, he could not be quiet
till ho had read it all out. Legi orationem tuum magna
ex parte, hesterna die ante prandium, pransus vero sine uUa
intermissione totam absolvi. 0 argumenta ! 0 composi-
tionem ! [I read a considerable part of your speech before
dinner, but after I had dined I finished it completely. Oh
what arguments, what elofiuence !].... To most kind
of men it is an extraordinary delight to study. For
what a world of books offers itself, in all subjects, arts and
sciences, to the sweet consent and capacity of the reader !
.... crcdi mihi (saith one) extinrjui dulce erit Mnthe-
maticanim arlium studio, I could even live and die with
such meditations, and take more delight, true content of
mind in them, than thou hast in all thy wealth and sport,
how rich soever thou art The like pleasure there
is in all other studies, to such as are truly addicted to
them; ea suavitas (one holds) ut cum quia ea derjustiice-
rit, quasi poculis Circeis captua, non p)osait unquam ab illis
dii-ctli; the like sweetness, which as Circe's cup bewitcheth
a student, he cannot leave off, as well may witness those
many laborious hours, days and nights, spent in the vo-
luminous treatises written by them; the same content.
.... Whoever he is therefore, that is overrun with
solitariness, or carried away with pleasing melancholy and
vain conceits, and for want of employment knows not how
to spend his time, or crucified with worldly care, I can pre-
scribe him no better remedy than this of study, to compose
himself to the learning of some art or science
So sweet is the delight of study, the more learning they
have, the more they covet to learn, and the last day is
prioris discijiulns."
" If I were not a King, I would be a University man ;
and if it were so that I must he a prisoner, if I might have
my wish, I would desire to have no other prison than that
libr.ary, and to be chained together with so many good
authors, et mortuis mar/isler." — Speech of James I. : r/»r(
1 to the Bodleian Library, 1605.
13^
14
INTRODUCTION.
" I no sooner como into the library, but I bolt the door
to me, excluding lust, ambition, avarice, and melancholy
herself, and in the very lap of eternity, amongst so many
divine souls, I take my seat with so lofty a spirit and sweet
content, that I pity all our great ones, and rich men that
know not this happiness." — Heinsius, Keeper of the Li-
brary at Leyden : Epist. Primiero. Vide Burton's Aiiato-
tny of Melancholy,
The reader will find in D'Israeli's Curiosities of
Literature an imitation of Rantzau's classical address
to his books — Salvcte aureoli met libellij &c. :
*' Golden volumes ! richest treasures!
Objects of delicious pleasures! -, _:
You my eyes rejoicing please,
You my hands in rapture seize !
Brilliant wits, and musing sages,
Lights who beam'd through many ages;
Left to your conscious leaves their story.
And dared to trust you with their glory;
And now their hope of fame achieved,
Dear volumes ! you have not deceived !"
The friends of the recluse of Vaucluse apologized
to him for the length of time between their visits :
" It is impossible for us to follow your example : the life
you lead is contrary to human nature. In winter, you sit
like an owl, in the chimney corner. In summer, you are
running incessantly about the fields."
Petrarch smiled at these observations :
"These people," said he, "consider the pleasures of the
world as the supreme good, and cannot bear the idea of
renouncing them. I have Friends, whose society is ex-
tremely agreeable to me : they are of all ages, and of every
country. They have distinguished themselves both in the
cabinet and in the field, and obtained high honours for
their knowledge of the sciences. It is easy to gain access
to them; for they are always at my service, and I admit
them to my company, and dismiss them from it, whenever
I please. They are never troublesome, but immediately
answer every question I ask them. Some relate to me the
events of past ages, while others reveal to me the secrets
of nature. Some teach me how to live, and others how to
die. Some, by their vivacity, drive away my cares and ex-
hilarate my spirits, while others give fortitude to my mind,
and teach me the important lesson how to restrain my de-
sires, and to depend wholly on myself. They open to me,
in short, the various avenues of all the arts and sciences,
and upon their information I safely rely, in all emergencies.
In return for all these services, they only ask me to accom-
modate them with a convenient chamber in some corner
of my humble habitation, where they may repose in peace :
for these friends are more delighted by the tranquillity of
retirement, than with the tumults of society."
Is not this an exquisite picture of the mine of
boundless wealth, of the unfailing luxurious repast,
which that man possesses who has a taste for Read-
ing and Study?
" Bookes lookt on as to their Readers or Authours, do at
the very first mention, challenge Preheminence above the
Worlds admired fine things. Books are the Qlasse of
Counsell to dross ourselves by. They are lifes best busi-
ness : Vocation to these hath more Emolument coming in,
than all the other busic Tcrmes of life. They are Feelesse
Counsellours, no delaying Patrons, of easie Accesse, and
kind Expedition, never sending away empty any Client or
Petitioner. They are for Company, the best Friends; in
doubts, Counsellours ; in Damp, Comforters ; Time's Per-
spective ; the home Traveller's Ship, or Horse, the busie
man's best Recreation, the Opiate of Idle weariness ; the
mind's best Ordinary; Nature's Garden and Seed-plot of
Immortality. Time spent (needlessly) from them, is con-
sumed, but with them, twice gain'd. Time captivated and
snatched from thee, by Incursions of business. Thefts of
Visitants, or by thy own Carelessnesso lost, is by these, re-
deemed in life; they are the soul's Viaticum; and against
death its Cordiall. In a true verdict, no such Treasure as
a Library."
Good old Bishop Hall is eloquent on the same
theme :
meditation on the sight of a large libbabt.
" What a world of thought is here packed up together !
I know not whether this sight doth more dismay, or com-
fort me. It dismays me to think that here is so much that
I cannot know; it comforts me to think that this variety
affords so much assistance to know what I should
What a happiness is it, that without the aid of necromancy,
I can here call up any of the ancient worthies of learning,
whether human or divine, and confer with them upon all
my doubts ; that I can at pleasure summon whole synods
of reverend fathers and acute doctors from all the coasts
of the earth, to give their well-studied judgments in all
doubtful points which I propose. Nor can I cast my eye
casually upon any of these silent masters, but I must learn
somewhat. It is a wantonness to complain of choice. No
law binds us to read all ; but the more we can take in and
digest, the greater will be our improvement.
"Blessed be God. who hath set up so many clear lamps
in his church ; none but the wilfully blind can plead dark-
ness. And blessed be the memory of those, his faithful
servants, who have left their blood, their spirits, their lives
in these precious papers ; and have willingly wasted them-
selves into these enduring monuments to give light to
others."
"Books, as Dryden has aptly termed them, are specta-
cles to read Nature. Eschylus and Aristotle, Shakspeare,
and Bacon, are Priests who preach and expound the mys-
teries of Man and the Universe. They teach us to under-
stand and feci what we see, to decipher and syllable the
hieroglyphics of the senses." — Hare.
The advice of Lord Bacon to Chief Justice Coke
should be pondered by every one desirous of mental
improvement:
"For Friends, although your Lordship he scant, yet I
hope you are not altogether destitute ; if you be, do but
look upon good Books : they are true Friends, that will
neither flatter nor dissemble : be you but true to yourself,
applying that which they teach unto the party grieved, and
you shall need no other comfort nor counsel. To them,
and to God's Holy Spirit directing you in the reading of
them, I commend your Lordship."
" Let us consider how great a commodity of doctrine
exists in books ; how easily, how secretly, how safely they
expose the nakedness of human ignorance, without putting
it to shame. These are the masters who instruct us with-
out rods and ferniles, without hard words and anger, with-
out clothes or money. If you approach them, they are not
asleep ; if investigating you interrogate them, they conceal
nothing; if you mistake them, they never grumble; if you
are ignorant, they cannot laugh at you." — Richard db
Bory: Philobihliau,
"Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a
progeny of life in them, to be as active as that soul was,
whose progeny they are ; nay, they do preserve, as in a
INTRODUCTION.
15
vial, the purest eflBcacy and extraction of that living intel-
lect that bred them. I know they are as lively and as
vigorously productive as those fabulous dragon's teeth;
and, being sown up and down, may chance to spring up
armed men. As good almost to kill a man, as kill a good
book : who kills a man, kills a reasonable creature — God*s
image ; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason it-
self—kills the image of God, as it were, in the eye. Many
a man lives a burden to the earth ; but a good book is the
precious life-blood of a master-spirit, embalmed and trea-
sured up on purpose to a life beyond life." — John Milton.
" Here is the best solitary company in the world, and in
this particular, chiefly excelling any other, that in my study
I am sure to converse with none but wise men ; but abroad
it is impossible for me to avoid the society of fools. What
an advantage have I, by this good fellowship, that, besides
the help which I receive from hence, in reference to my
life after this life, I can enjoy the life of so many ages be-
fore I lived ! That I can be acquainted with the passages
of three or four thousand years ago, as if they were the
weekly occurrences. Here, without travelling so far as
Endor, I can call up the ablest spirits of those times, the
learnedest philosophers, the wisest counsellors, the greatest
generals, and make them serviceable to me. I can make
bold with the best jewels they have in their treasury, with
the same freedom that the Israelites borrowed of the Egyp-
tians, and, without suspicion of felony, make use of them
as mine own." — Sir William AValler: Meditation upon
the Contentment I have in my Books and Study.
" That place that does
Contain my books, the best companions, is
To me a glorious court, where hourly I
Converse with the old sages and philosophers ;
And sometimes for variety, I confer
With kings and emperors, and weigh their counsels,
Calling their victories, if unjustly got.
Unto a strict account; and in my fancy,
Deface their ill-placed statues. Can I then
Part with such constant pleasures, to embrace
Uncertain vanities? No: be it your care
To augment a heap of wealth ; it shall be mine
To increase in knowledge." Fletcher.
"Books should to one of these four ends conduce,
1 Tor wisdom, piety, delight, or use." Benham.
" To divert, at any time, a troublesome fancy, run to thy
Books. They presently fix thee to them, and drive the
other out of thy thoughts. They always receive thee with
the same kindness." — Fuller.
" It is manifest that all government of action is to be got-
ten by knowledge, and knowledge, best, by gathering many
knowledges, which is Heading." — Sir Philip Sidney.
"Education begins the gentleman, but READiJfG, good
company, and reflection, must finish him." — Locke.
"Books are part of man's prerogative;
In formal ink they thought and voices hold.
That we to them our solitude may give,
And make time present travel that of old.
Our life, Fame pieceth longer at the end,
And Books it farther backward doth extend."
Sir Thomas Overbury.
** Knowledge of Books in a man of business, is as a torch
in the hands of one who is willing and able to show those
who are bewildered the way which leads to prosperity and
welfare." — Spectator.
" Like friends, we should return to Books again and
again ; for, like true friends, they will never fail us, — never
cease to instruct, — never cloy." — Joineriana.
"Books are standing counsellors and preachers, always
at hand, and always disinterested; having this advantage
over oral instructors, that they are ready to repeat their
lesson as often as we please." — Anon.
" In England, where there are as many new books pub-
lished, as in all the rest of Europe put together, a spirit of
freedom and reason reigns among the people ; they have
been often known to act like fools, they are generally found
to think like men An author may be considered aa
a merciful substitute to the legislature. He acts not by-
punishing crimes, but by preventing them." — Goldsmith.
" Next to acquiring good friends, the best acquisition is
that of good books." — Colton.
"Young men should not be discouraged from buying
books : much may depend upon it. It is said of Whiston,
that the accidental purchase of Tacquet's own Euclid at an
auction, first occasioned his apjdicatioa to mathematical
studies." — Biography of Whiston,
" The foundation of knowledge must be laid by reading.
General principles must bo had from books; which, how-
ever, must bo brought to the tost of real life. In conver-
sation, you never get a system. What is said upon a
subject, is to be gathered from a hundred people. The
parts which a man gets thus, are at such a distance from
each other, that he never attains to a full view." — Dr.
Samuel Johnson.
" Books are men of higher stature,
And the only men that speak aloud for future times to hear."
Elizabeth B. Barrett,
" The past but lives in words ; a thousand ages
Were blank, if books had not evoked their ghosts.
And kept the pale unbodied shades to warn us
From fleshless lips." E. L. Bulwer.
" It is books that teach us to refine our pleasures when
young, and which, having so taught us, enable us to recall
them with satisfaction when old." — Leigh Hunt.
" Were I to pray for a taste which should stand me in
stead under every variety of circumstances, and be a source
of happiness and cheerfulness to me during life, and a
shield against its ills, however things might go amiss, and
the world frown upon me, it would be a taste for read-
ing. Give a man this taste, and the means of gratifying
it, and you can hardly fail of making him a happy man;
unless, indeed, you put into his hands a most perverse
selection of Books. You place him in contact with the best
society in every period of history, — with the wisest, the
wittiest, the tenderest, the bravest, and the purest characters
who have adorned humanity. You make him a denizen
of all nations, a contemporary of all ages. The world has
been created fur him!" — Sir John Herschel: Address at
the Opening of the Eton Library, 1S33.
" In the best Books great men talk to us, with us, and
give us their most precious thoughts. Books are the voices
of the distant and the dead. Books are the true levellers.
They give to all who will faithfully use them, the society
and the presence of the best and greatest of our race. No
matter how poor I am; no matter, though the prosperous
of my own time will not enter my obscure dwelling; if
learned Men and Poets will enter and take up their
abode under my roof — if Milton will cross my threshold
to sing to me of Paradise; and Shakspeare open to me
the worlds of imagination, and the workings of the human
heart; and Franklin enrich me with his practical wisdom,
16
INTRODUCTION.
—I shall not pine for want of intellectual companionship,
and I may become a cultivated man, though excluded from
what is called the hest society in the place where I live.
.... I know how hard it is to some men, especially to
those who spend much time in manual labour, to fix atten-
tion on Books. Let them strive to overcome the difficulty,
by choosing subjects of deep interest, or by reading in
company with those they love. Nothing can supply the
place of Books. They are cheering or soothing compa-
nions in solitude, illness, affliction. The wealth of both
continents would not compensate for the good they impart.
Let every man, if possible, gather some good Books under
his roof, and obtain access for himself and family to some
social Library. Almoet any luxury should bo sacrificed to
this." — William Ellert Channing: Self-Culture.
" If the crowns of all the kingdoms of Europe were laid
down at my feet in exchange for my Books and my love of
Reading, I would spurn them alL"— Archbishop Fenelon.
"A taste for Books is the pleasure and glory of my
life. I would not exchange it for the glory of the Indies."
— Edward Gibbon.
And now, gentle reader, having evoked so many
of the "mighty and the noble, " who, gathering around
thee, a "cloud of witnesses," have sought to stimu-
late thy ambition by pointing to the " ample page of
knowledge, rich with the spoils of time," let me hope
that a spirit hath been aroused within thee which
will induce thee to enter in and possess the wealth
of the laud : a goodly heritage is before thee ; and
like the chosen people of old, thou shalt be enriched
by the labours of thy predecessors, and rejoice in
abundance of good.
But if thy heart tells thee that thou hast no taste
for these delights, if thou still preferrest sensuous
pleasures, if "divine philosophy, though musical as
is Apollo's lute," be harsh and crabbed to thy appre-
hension, and the harp and the viol of earthly banquets
allure thee, and thou be of those who "rejoice at the
Bound of the organ," the ceremonies of bravery and
the trappings of courts, "the pomp of heraldry and
the boast of power," put by this volume, aud go thy
■way. Thy stolidity is impregnable ; array thyself
■with the cap and bells, and engage thy passage in
Barclay's Shyp of Foyls (q. nom.) : thy " talk is of
bullocks," and of such the Son of Sirach says :
" They shall not be sought for in public council, nor sit
high in the congregation : they shall not sit on the judges'
seal, nor understand the sentence of the judgment : they
cannot declare justice and judgment; and they shall not
be found where parables are spoken All their de-
sire is in the work of their craft."
The History of England, as connected with a review
of English Literature, may be divided into six terms.
1. The British Period : from the earliest times to the
Roman Invasion, B. C. 55.
2. The Roman Period, B. C. 55, A. D. 440.
3. The Anglo-Saxon Period, A.D. 449, A. D. 1066.
4. The Anglo-Norman Period: from the invasion of
William the Conqueror, A. D. 10G6, to the acces-
sion of Henry the Third, A. D. 1216.
5. From the accession of Henry III., A.D. 1216, to
the accession of Elizabeth, A. D. 1558.
C. From the accession of Elizabeth, A. D. 1558, to the
middle of the nineteenth century.
In this division we have not adhered to the classifi-
cation of some preceding writers, but we trust that
we have not innovated without sufficient excuse. The
death of Stephen de Langton, in 1228, coincides so
nearly with the accession of Henry III. in 1216, that
the synchronism offers a convenient boundary for the
Anglo-Norman period. The reign of Henry III. is
likewise historically memorable as that which wit-
nessed the shooting forth of that feeble germ (the
popular element) which has now become so great a
tree, that the Throne and the Altar, which once ob-
structed its growth, now repose only in safety under
its branches.
The advent of the English doctrinal Reformation
cannot well be dated before the accession of Elizabeth,
and the literary lustre of that reign affords a strong
argument for its being adopted as a boundary between
the servility of the Latiu period, and the vigorous
adolescence of the English tongue. We need hardly
explain that we use these terms respectively, in a
chronological and philological acceptation, ■\vithout
any reference to the intellectual calibre of the writers
of these epochs.
In the earliest times of which we have any record,
we find the Celts, Cymry, AVelsh, or Britons, the in-
habitants of the British isles. The origin of the early
population is involved in obscurity. The theory pro-
pounded by the Welsh priest, Tysilio, in the seventh
century, and gravely alleged by Edward I., in his let-
ter to Boniface, in the fourteenth, — that the inhabit-
ants of the southern part of Britain were descended
from the Trojans, — is now generally discredited by
antiquaries. Of conjectures, of course, there is no
end; and we have Aylett Sammes, contending for
the Phoenician origin of the first colonizers of Bri-
tain and Ireland; Sir William Betham, who insists
upon awariUng the priority of occupation to the Picts,
or Cimbri of antiquity, and many other theories as
ingenious as they are incapable of demonstration.
Of the language of this people we know but little :
" Though the Britaina or Welch were the first possessors
of this island whose names are recorded, and are therefore
in civil history always considered as the predecessors of
the present inhabitants; yet the deduction of the English
language, from the earliest times of which we have any
knowledge, to its present state, requires no mention of
them : for we have so few words which can, with any pro-
bability, be referred to British roots, that we justly regard
the Saxons and Welch, as nations totally distinct." — Dr.
Samuel Johnson.
" The language of Britain differed very little from that
of the Gaul. Some of the British tribes seem to have como
from Celtic, and others from Belgic, Gaul ; but it is prob.o-
ble, as indeed Strabo distinctly assures us, that the Celts
and the Belgians spoke merely two slightly differing dia-
lects of the same tongue. The evidence of the most ancient
names of localities throughout the whole of South Britain
confirms this account; everywhere these names appear to
belong to one language, and that the same which is still
spoken by the native Irish, and the Scotch Highlanders;
the latter of whom call themselves, to this day, Gaels or
Gauls." — Uistory of England.
The English language is a branch of the Teutonic,
or Gothic, which is the mother-tongue of many dia-
lects now prevailing in several of the countries of
INTRODUCTION.
17
Europe. Dr. Hickes gives the following genealogical
table :
GOTHIC.
Anglo-Saxon,
Dutch,
Frisick,
English,
Francick,
German,
Cimbrick,
Islaudick,
Norwegian,
Swedish,
Danish.
*' What was the form of the Saxon language when, about
the year t50, they first entered Britain j cannot now be
known. They seem to have been a people without learn-
ing, and very probably without an alphabet ; their speech,
therefore, having been always cursory and extemporaneous,
must have been artless and unconnected, without any
modes of transition or involution of clauses ; which alirupt-
ness and inconnection maybe observed even in their later
writings. This barbarity may bo supposed to have con-
tinued during their wars with the JiriUiins, which for a
time left them no leisure for softer studies ; nor is there
any reason for supposing it abated till the year 570, when
AtHjnstiiie came from Rome to convert them to Christianity.
The Christian religion always imijlies or produces a certain
degree of civility and learning; they then became by de-
grees acquainted with the Roman language, and so gained,
from time to time, some knowledge and elegance, till in
three centuries they had formed a language capable of ex-
pressing all the sentiments of a civilized people, as appears
by King Alfred's paraphrase in imitation of Boethius, and
his short preface, which I have selected as the first speci-
men of ancient English." — Dr. Samdel Johnson,
About 1150, the Saxon began to take the form
which was gradually moulded to the proportions of
the modern English, though not without a most im-
portant admixture of other elements. After the Nor-
m.an conquest, many Saxon words became obsolete,
and Latin and French shoots were from time to time
grafted upon the present stock, until in the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries it began to assume the form of
modern English. YetGower and Chaucer are more of
a task than a pleasure to the ordinary English reader.
"Nothing can be more difficult than to determine, except
by an arbitrary line, the commencement of the English
language; not so much, as in those of the continent, be-
cause we are in want of materials, but rather from an
opposite reason — tho possibility of tracing a very gradual
accession of verbal changes that ended in a change of de-
nomination. For when we compare the earliest English
of the thirteenth century with tho Anglo-Saxon of the
twelfth, it seems hard to pronounce why it should pass for
a separate language, rather th.an a modification or simpli-
fication of the former. Wo must conform, however, to
usage, and say that the Anglo-Saxon was converted into
EngUsh — 1, by contracting, or otherwise modifying, the
pronunciation and orthography of words; 2, by omitting
many inflections, especially of the noun, and consequently
making more use of articles and auxiliaries ; 3, by the
introduction of French derivations ; 4, by using less inver-
sion and ellipsis, espechilly in poetry. Of these, the second
alone, I think, can be considered as sufficient to describe a
new form of language ; and this was brought about so
gradually, that wo are not relieved of much of our difficulty,
whether some compositions shall pass for the latest offspring
of the mother, or the earliest fruit of the fertility of the
daughter." — Hallam.
That eminent philologer, Dr. Webstck, has been
taken to task for asserting at the conclusion of some
quotations from the Laws of Kings .^thelbert and
Eadgar, that " we observe by these extracts that
rather more than half the Saxon words have been
lost, and now form no part of our language."
The Dr. subsequently remarks :
"Mr. Meidinger of Frankfort, in the Introduction to hia
Etymological and Comparative Dictionary of the Teuto-
Gothic Languages, notices this observation of mine, respect-
ing tho proportion of Saxon words which have been lost,
and then states the opinion of Mr. Turner, that more than
four-Jiftlis of the words in modern English are of Saxon
origin. This difference in the two statements proceeds
from a circumstance overlooked. My statement refers only
to the actual proportion of Saxon words retained in tho
vocabulary, which is probably less than half of the whoh)
number of words in the language. Mr. Turner's state-
ment refers to the proportion of Saxon words actually nsed
in our common language, which is, doubtless, as great as
he represents it. The words of Saxon origin are the more
necessary words ; such as are wanted in all the common
concerns of life ; and therefore in use they compose tho
body of the language." — Introduction to Webster's Eng-
linh Dictianari/,
It will be observed that we do not profess to enter
into the learning of philological investigation, or to
discuss the many modern dissertations upon this in-
teresting department of study. Such a departure
from our plan would be altogether unjustifiable. The
reader who desires to pursue this subject will find
valuable guides in the prefaces and introductions to
Johnson's, Webster's, and Richaedsom's DictioB-
,aries, and in the works of Lte, Boswokth, Tuobpe,
Pegoe, Payne, Clark, Welsfokd, Harrison, La-
TUAM, Sava(;e, Maclean, Marcet, &c.
Having taken a, hasty review of the language, we
now proceed to the examination of the literature of
our ancestors.
The first two periods of our classification — the
British and the Roman — afford nothing to arrest our
attention :
" Whatever existed in those remote times deserving tha
name of learning or scientific knowledge, never having
been committed to writing, and having consequently pe-
rished with the general subversion of the order of things
then established, cannot bo regarded as having been even
tho beginning or rudimental germ of that which we now
possess. The present literary civilization of England dates
its commencement only from the Saxon period, and not
from a very early point in that."
The first name in the catalogue of Anglo-Saxon
writers is that of Gildas, said by William of Malms-
bury and Johannes Glastoniensis, to have died A.D.
512, which early date is inconsistent with other state-
ments in which his name occurs. Gildas is repre-
sented to have been a zealous missionary, the son of
Cam or Ken, a British king, who reigned iu the dis-
trict of Alcluyd, (Dumb.arton.) To this writer, is
ascribed, by Bede, a tract (in Latin) on British His-
tory under the Romans, and during the Saxon inva-
sion, &c. This work de Excidio Brilannica- is chiefly
compiled from Roman writers. Giraldus Cambren-
sis mentions the epigrams of Gildas ; and Geiffrey
of Monmouth, John Brompton, and Bale, ascribe
18
INTRODUCTION.
theological and other treatises to this author. So far
are we remoTeil from certainty on these questions,
that whilst some contend for two of the name, others
deny that Gildas is any thing more than a fabulous
personage.
We may remark, in pursuing our subject, that it
will be unnecessary for us to enter here into any his-
torical details of the writers we shall mention ; as
those of any importance will be treated of in the
body of this work.
The reader should carefully peruse the Biographia
Brilannica Literaria, Anglo-Saxon Period, 1 vol.,
Lon., 1842 ; Anglo-Norman Period, 1 vol., Lon., 18413,
by that eminent scholar, Thomas Wright, A. M.,
Corresponding Member of the Institute of France,
(Academie des Inscriptions et Bdles-Lettres,) published
under the superintendence of the Council of the
Royal Society of Literature. To these works we
have been largely indebted for our notices of the
writers of this early age, and have had so much con-
fidence in Mr. Wright's accuracy, that we have in-
corporated large portions of his sketches of eminent
authors, as Bede, Alfred, Neckham, &c., into our
work, without notice of other authorities upon the
same subjects. This is the only case in which we
have so closely followed our authority ; of course
credit has been given to Mr. Wright at the conclusion
of the articles, for the matter thus borrowed. We
shall increase our obligations to this learned gentle-
man by presenting the reader with the following
tables of the writers of the Anglo-Saxon aud Anglo-
Norman periods, extracted from the Biog. Brit. Lit. :
ANGLO-S.VXON PERIOD.
A.I).
A.D.
A. D.
530-GOO. Gildas.
740.
Acca,
H
fl.
956.
Fridegode.
Nennius.
732.
Albinus,
5
984.
Ethelwold.
St. Columbanus.
739.
Nothhelm,
(S
988.
Dunstan.
)ied 709. Wilfred.
745.
Daniel,
p
992.
Oswald.
C90. Benedict Biscop.
740.
Ethelwald,
"3
974.
Aio.
c. 680. Ctedmon.
after 737.
Forthhere,
§.
988.
Fulbertus.
704. Adamnan.
after 731.
Hwebert,
o
c
in
Bricstan.
705. Haeddi, or Hedda.
Plegwin,
fl.
980.
Lantfredus.
709. Aldhelm.
Withred,
TO
fl.
990.
Wolstan.
c. 718. Egwin.
Cuthbert,
a
fl.
980.
Bridferth.
720. Eddius Stephanus.
797.
Ethelbert.
fl.
990.
Alfrio of Malmsbury.
721. John of Beverley.
Ethelwolf.
1006.
Alfric of Canterbury.
716. Ceolfrid.
lUcuil.
Adalard.
729. Egbert.
868.
Swithun.
1051.
Alfric Bata.
721. Eadfrith.
877.
Neot.
1008.
Cynewulf, or Kenulf.
726. Tobias.
901.
King Alfred.
1023.
Wulfstan.
731. Berctwald.
910.
Asser.
fl.
1010.
Oswald,
734. Tatwine.
923.
Plegmund.
1038.
Ethelnoth,
fl. 730. Felix.
915.
Werferth.
fl.
1020.
Haymo of York,
738. Wilbrord.
897.
Denewulf.
..
1054.
Haymo of Canter-
735. Bede.
903.
Grimbald.
bury,
766. Egbert of York.
John the "ma
ss-priest."
1047.
W'ithman.
758. Cuthbert of Canterbury.
877.
Joannes Scot
us.
fl.
1060.
Folchard.
755. Boniface (Winifrid).
Ilucarius.
1077.
Hereman.
787. Willibald.
Ercombert.
1080.
Giso.
689. Willehad.
Aldred the G
lossator.
1098.
Gotselin.
804. Alcuin.
961.
Odo, archbisl
lopof Can-
fl.
1090.
Ethelward.
763. Frithwald.
terbury.
1095.
Wulstan.
ANGLO-KORMAN PERIOD.
Died 1089. Lanfranc.
c. 1070. Guy, bishop of Amiens.
fl. 1082. Gerland.
1095. Robert, bishop of Here-
ford.
1090. WilUam, bishop of Dur-
ham.
1098. Osmund, bishop of Sa-
lisbury.
1100. Thomas, archbishop of
York.
c. 1100. Osbern of Canterbury.
1109. Ingulf.
1107. Godfrey of Winchester.
1100. Lucian of Chester.
1102. Sfewulf.
1108. Gundulf.
1108. Gerard, archbishop of
York.
MiNOB Writers or the Eleventh Centukt.
fl. 1082. Sulcard. Hammelinus of Veru-
1096. Ricemarchus. lam.
Hemming, sub-prior of 1113. Colman.
Worcester. Alwin, or Ailwin.
1117. Faritius.
Leofric of Brun.
Warnier, or Garnier.
Johannes Grammaticug.
INTKODUCTION.
19
A. D.
1109. Ajiselm.
1135. King Henry I.
fl. 1110. William of Chester.
1114. Gilbert Crispin.
1115. Turgot.
1118. Florence of Worcester.
1119. Herebert,bisliop of Nor-
wich.
A. D.
fl. 1112. Reginald of Canter-
bury.
1124. Ernulph, bishop of Ro-
chester.
1124. Eadmer.
1134. Stephen Harding,
fl. 1120. Philip de Thauu.
A. D.
fl. 1124. Roger Infans. : .' '
Hilarius.
fl. 1120. Athelard of Bath,
fl. 1129. Simeon of Durham.
1134. Gilbert, bishop of Lon-
don (Universalis.)
1137. Ailmer.
MiNon Writers op the Reion op Henry I.
1122. Radulph, bishop of Ro-
chester.
1124. Nicholas, prior of Wor-
cester,
fl. 1120. Geofl'rey of Llaudaff.
fl. 1120. Benedict of Gloucester.
after 1143. Ordericus Vitalis.
fl. 1143. Robert de Retines.
Turold.
Everard.
Eelys of Winchester.
Samson de Nanteuil.
fl. 1120. David, bishop of Ban-
gor.
1129. Gilbert, archdeacon of
Buckingham.
1146. GeofTrey, abbot of St.
Alban's.
Guiscard, or Guichard
de Beaulieu.
fl. 1140. William of llalmsbury.
1 1 54. Geoifrey of Monmouth,
fl. 1148. Gaimar.
David,
fl. 1150. Alfred of Beverley.
1114. Thomas of Bayeux,
archbishop of York.
1140. Thurstan, archbishop
of York.
1112. Stephen of Whitby.
fl. 11-50. Osbern of Gloucester.
1154. Laurence of Durham.
c. 1154. Caradoc of Lancarvan.
after 1154. Henry of Huntingdon,
after 1154. William de Conches,
after 1155. Hugo Candidus.
1151. Geofl'rey of Burton.
fl. 1140. Robert of Salop.
fl.
11.50.
Robert le Poule.
fl
1170
fl.
1143.
Richard of Hexham.
fl.
1170
fl.
1170.
John of Hexham.
fl.
1170
fl.
1159.
Robert of Cricklade.
fl.
1170
IIGG.
Ailred of Rievaux.
fl.
1174
fl.
116.5.
Reginald of Durh.am.
fl
1175
1164.
Hugh, .abbot of Read-
fl.
1175
ing.
11.
lino
1167.
Robertde JIelun,bishop
of Hereford.
1175
1180
fl
1168.
William of Peterbo-
rough.
1180
1184
1170.
Thomas Becket, arch-
bishop of Canterbury.
1180
after 1171.
Wace.
fl.
1184
fl.
1170.
Radulph de Dunstable.
fl.
1185
fl.
1170.
William of St. Alban's.
fl.
1180.
Minor Writers under Stephen.
fl. 1140. Nicholas of St. Al-
ban's.
John of Cornwall.
Gervase of Chichester.
Roger of Hereford.
Alfred the Philosopher.
Jordan Fantosme.
Odo of Kent.
Odo de Cirington.
Roger of Salisbury.
D.aniel de Merlai.
John of Salisbury.
Adam du Petit Pont.
Girard du Pucelle.
Bartholomew, bishop of
Exeter.
John de Hauteville.
Jocelin of Furness.
Benoit de Sainte-Maur.
1146. William of Piievaux.
Richard of Worcester.
fl. 1180. Clement of Lanthony.
fl. 1180. Robert of Bridlington.
fl. 1180. Herebert of Bosham.
1188. Gilbert Foliot.
118G. Robert Foliot.
1190. Ranulph de Glanville.
bef. 1195. Richard of Ely.
1174. Thomas of Ely.
Gervase of Tilbury.
1193. Richard, bishop of Lon-
don.
1190. Baldwin, archbishop of
Canterbury.
Walter Mapes.
Robert de Borron.
Luces de Gast.
Minor Writers op the Rbiqn op Henrt IL
Serlo.
Daniel Church,
fl. 1170. Thomas of Beverley.
Gualo.
fl. 1160. Adalbert of Spalding.
Radulph, monk of West-
minster,
fl. 1170. Walter Daniel.
Hugo Sotmvagina.
1177. Walter the Gramma-
rian.
fl.1180. Odo, abbot of Mure-
muud.
fl. 1185. William the astrono-
mer.
Richard, abbot of Foun-
tains.
Albericus de Vere.
fl. 1160. William de Wycumb.
Thomas of Monmouth.
Nicholas, monk of Dur-
ham.
Osbert of Clare.
Samson, monk of Can-
terbury.
fl. 1171. Robert of Glastonbury.
Henry of Saltrey.
1170. Laurence, abbot of
Westminster.
1180. Adam the Scot.
Roger of Forde.
fl. 1180. W.alter, monk of St.
Alban's.
fl. 1180. Philip, prior of St. Fri-
deswith's.
1191. Adam, abbot of Eves-
ham.
20
INTRODUCTION.
A. V.
A. 11.
1199.
King Eichard Coeur de
Lion.
fl. 1192.
fl. 1175.
Gil ernes du Pont de St.
Maxence.
1202.
Eozun, or Boson.
after 1198.
Herman.
1223.
Hugh de Rutland.
Thomas.
Philip de Reimes.
bef. 1130
Maurice and Peter de
after 1201.
Craom.
fl. 1193.
Renaud de Hoilande.
Simon du Fresne.
fl. 1200
fl. 1186
Nigellus Wireker.
1207.
1193.
Benedict of Peterbo-
rough.
Richard of Devizes.
William Fitz-Stephen.
Alan of Tewkesbury.
Roger of Croyland.
Peter of Blois.
GiralJus Cambrensis.
Geoffrey de Viiisauf.
Joseph of Exeter.
, William of Newbury.
Roger de Hoveden.
Jolm of Brompton.
Radulph de Dioeto.
Richard the Canon.
Walter de Coutances.
Gulielmus Peregrinus.
Hugh de Hoveden.
A. P.
1174. Gervase of Canterbury,
RaduJph Niger.
William of Ramsey.
William the Clerk.
Thomas de Bailleul.
Oiin.
Nicholas de Guildford.
Layamon.
1228. Stephen de Langton.
1228. Gei'vase, bishopof Seez.
1217. Alexander Neckh.am.
. 1200. JoscelindeBrakeloude.
. 1210. Gilbertus Anglicus.
1213. William du Mont.
William the trouvere.
Minor Weiteks DrniNG the Reigns of Ricn.ino I. and John.
fl. 1214. Geoffrey of Coldingh.im.
Girard of Cornwall,
fl. 1193. Nicholas de Walking-
ton.
Maurice of Wales.
Jlaurice of Ford.
John de St. Omer.
Adam of Dore.
Adivm of Eincsham.
Robert de Beaufey.
Alexander le Partiger.
1172. John Curayn.
John, abbot of Forde.
Hugh de Nonant.
1220.
1199.
Richard the Pr(?mon-
sti'eusian.
John of Tilbury.
Samson, abbot of Bury.
John of Wallingford,
abbot of St. Alban's.
The following remarks are interesting in this con-
nection :
" The poetry of the Anglo-Saxons was neither modulated
according to foot-measuro, like that of the Greeks and
Eom.<vns, nor written with rhymes, like that of many mo-
dern languages. Its cluef and universal ch.aracteristic
was a very regular alliteration, so arranged that, in every
couplet there .should be two principal words in the first line
beginning with the same letter, which letter must also bo
the initial of the first word on which the stress of the voice
falls in the second line. The only approach to a metrical
system yet discovered is that two risings .and two fallings
of the voice seem necessary to each perfect line. Two
distinct measures are met with, a shorter and a longer, both
commonly mixed together in the same poem, the former
being used for the ordinary narr.ativo, and the latter adopted
when the poet sought after greater dignity. In the manu-
scripts, the Saxon poetry is always written continuously
like prose, perhaps for the sako of convenience, but the
division of the lines is generally marked by a point.
" The popular literature of the Normans in France and
England previous to the twelfth century is totally unknown
to us However, as most of the popular literature
of this period was confined to the jongleur.s, who were at
the same time authors and minstrels, and as it was proha-
■ bly seldom or never committed to writing, we have no
difficulty in accounting for its lo.ss. We know th.at there
were jongleurs in Normandy at an early period, and that
they followed their patrons to England. But wo only bo-
come acquainted with their compositions at a later period.
In literatiu-e, the Anglo-Norman language first makes its
appearance in poems of a religious and serious character;
and it seems to have first found a distinguished patron in
Adelaide of Louvaine, queen of Henry I Most
of this religious and serious poetry consisted in mere trans-
lations or paraphrases from the Latin, and the writers
make no further pretension The only known Eng-
lish writers of Anglo-.'^axon proso are Walter Mapcs,
Robert de Borron, and Luces de Gast, the authors of
some of the most popular romances of the cycle of the
Round Table It wUl he seen by this brief review of
the literature of the Anglo-Norm.an language during the
twelfth century, tliat, until the close of the century, it has
no great attractiim beyond a few historical productions
which might as weU have been written in Latin, and one
or two metrical romances It would he in vain to
attempt a history of English literature in the twelfth cen-
tury, because every thing connected with it is vague and
uncertain." — See Introdiietioji to Biorj. Brit. Lit.
The reader -will refer to the articles, Cedmon, the
monk (died about G80) ; Bkde (died 73.5) ; King Al-
fred (died 901) ; Alfkic of Canterbury (died lOOG);
Ctnew, Bishop of Winchester (died 1008) ; Wulf-
STAN, Bishop of Worcester, Archbishop of York (died
1023), &o. — for notices of some of the principal wri-
ters from the death of Gildjs to the termination of
the Saxon Chronicle.
The Saxon Chronicle, the production of a number
of authors, professes to give a history of English affairs
from A. D. 1-11.50, at which date it abruptly con-
cluded.
About 1180? we have Layamon's metrical fr.ansla-
tion of the lirut cV Anglelerre, of Wace, written about
1100, and itself a translation from Geoffrey of Mon-
mouth. This ingeniour monk obliges us with a his-
tory of British occurrences from Brutus of Troy,
who is placed long before the Christian era, to
Cadwallader, A.D. 689. Layamon seems to know
the original history only through the version of Mais-
ter Wace. Upon the same history principally, is
founded the Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester,
(tanp. Henry III. and Edward I.) who professes to
narrate the history of England from the time of Bru-
tus to the death of Sir Henry of Almaine.
"The orations witli which he occ.asion.ally diversifies tho
thread of his story, are, in gencr.al, appropriate and dra-
matic, and not only prove his good sense, but exhibit no
INTRODUCTION.
21
unfavourable specimens of his eloquence. In his descrip-
tion of tho first crusade, he seems to change his usual
character, and becomes not onlj entertaining, but even
animated." — Ellis.
This Chronicle consists of more than ten thousand
lines, and Alexandrines at that! The Bodleian,
Cottonian, and Harleian MSS. of it are considered the
best. There is also one in the Library of the
Heralds' College.
The next of the Ehjming Chronicles is Robert
Manning, or Robert de Brunne, (Ifnip. Edward I.
and II.) the translator of Manuel des I'iches and Peter
de Langtoft's Chronicle. This Terse is shorter than
that of Robert of Gloucester, approaching the octo-
Bjllabic stanza of a later period.
The reader will find some specimens of the changes
of language in the periods which have now been re-
ferred to in an excellent work accessible to all — W.
& R. Chambers's Cyclopcedia of English Literature.
Some Taluable dissertations in the introductions to
Shaw's and Spalding's Histories of English Litera-
ture should also be carefully perused. For a history
of the English Metrical Romances, the period of
which we may assume to be 1300-1.500, Warton's
History of English Poetry, and Ilalliwell's and Percy's
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, should be con-
sulted. The literature of this character was almost
exclusively composed of versions from French origi-
nals. The theory of Sir Walter Scott respecting
Sir Tristem, and Mr. Warton's ascription of The
Life of Alezandcr the Great to Adam Davie, are per-
haps hardly tenable in the present day. Among the
best known compositions of this period may be men-
tioned. Sir Gut, The Squire of Low Deokee,
Sir Deoore, Kino Robert of Sicily, The King
OF Tars, Impo.hedon, La Mort Artur, Sir Thopas,
Sib Betis, Sir Isenbras, Sir Lidius, and Gawan
AND Galogkas. Let the reader carefully peruse
Ellis's Historical Introduction on the Rise and
Progress of Romantic Composition in France and
England ; prefixed to the Specimens of Early English
Metrical Romances. Of this valuable work a new
edition has been published, under the editorial care
of the eminent antiquary, philologist, and enthusias-
tic philomath, J. Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F. R. S.
(Bohn's Antiquarian Library, Lon., 1848: also pro-
cure The Chronicles of the Crusades ; indeed all of
the volumes of this valuable series should be in the
hands of the curious student.)
The following remarks are not without interest in
this connection:
'* That a class of men who cultivated the arts of amuse-
ment as a profession, were known and esteemed by the
Normans of the time of the Conquest, is undeniably proved
by the evidence of Domesday-book ; in which we find a
certain Bedric possessedof a large tract of land in Glouces-
tershire, under the title ot joculntor regis. The register,
of course, does not explain the talents of this joculator, or
jongleur; but it maybe fairly assumed that they were
similar to those of the minstrel Taillefer, who, as Wace
informs us, * moult bien chantont,' and who preceded the
Duke of Normandy at the battle of Hastings, 'singing
about Charlemagne, and RoUand, and Olivier, and the
vassals who died at Roncesvallcs.' We are further in-
formed by Gaimar, that he performed many marvellous
feats of dexterity : throwing his lance into the air as if it
were a small stick ; catching it by the point before he cast
it against the enemy ; and repeating the same operation
with his sword, so that they who beheld him considered
him as a conjuror —
L'un dit a I'aUre ki coveit,
Ke CO esteit enchantement,
Ke cil fesait devant la gent,
Quant, &c.
Now, unless it could be proved that the Normans adopted
the profession of minstrelsy from the French, of which
there is no evidence, it must follow that they carried il
with them from Denmark; and as Bishop Percy has
shown that a character nearly analogous existed among
the Danes, as well as the Anglo-Saxons the derivation of
the minstrels from the Scalds and Glee-men of the North,
as established in the Essay prefixed to the ' Roliques of
Ancient Poetry,' seems to rest upon as fair historical testi-
mony as can be required in confirmation of such an opi-
nion."— Jntroduetion to the Rise and Progress of Romantic
Composition, Ac; also peruse the Essay prefixed to Per-
cy'a Reliques.
About the middle of the thirteenth century, the ap-
plication of poetry — heretofore confined to, 1. Chroni-
cles, 2. Romances — to general subjects, manners,
morals, descriptive essays, &c., came into use. The
reader must procure for a view of the essays of this
period, Mr. Thomas Wright's Political Songs and Spe-
cimens of Lyric Poetry, composed in England in the
reign of Edward I. : Reliquiaj Antiquaj, 2 vols. Lau-
rence Minot, in secular, and Richard Rolle, in theolo-
gical poetry, are two of the prominent names of the
fourteenth century. About 13G0 was completed the
Vision of Piers Plowman, the composition of a secular
priest named Robert Langlande. The poet sets forth
by allegorical representations the corruptions prevail-
ing among the ecclesiastics, and predicts a severe pu-
nishment as the consequences of such disorder. We
have in this singular allegory the characters of Mercy,
Truth, Conscience, Pride, Sir In-witt, See-well, Say-
well, Hear-well, Work-well, Go-well, &c. The reader
will not be surprised that such similai-ity of charao-
ters has led some critics to compare this ancient
poem with the Pilgrim's Progress.
It was about this period, say 13.50, that the cha-
racter styled Black-Letter, or Old English, was first
used.
We have now reached a most important landmark,
at which we may properly conclude our synopsis —
the name of the Great Father of English Poetry,
Geoffrey Chaix-er, born between 1328 and 1316.
We need hardly remark that the inscription on his
tomb, stating him to have died in the year 1400, at
the age of 72, is not based upon any known authority,
having been placed where it is, about 1 50 years after
his death. However, these are matters which are
discussed in the following pages, and therefore bio-
graphical details respecting individuals, and biblio-
graphical and critical information regarding their
works, will not be expected here. We may now ap-
propriately introduce from the tables in the Compa-
nion to the British Almanac, as improved in George
P. Putnam's World's Progi-ess, New York, 1851, a
Chronological Table of some of the principal British
Authors and their works, A. D. 500-1850.
22
INTKODUCTION.
iMiGLIATION.
Fact.
Speculative and Scieotitic.
A. D.
500
A. D.
500 Gildas, Conquest of Britain.
A. D.
500
600 Csedmon, Saxon Poems.
Aldhelme, d. 709, Latin Poems.
600 Nennius, Origin of Britons.
600
700
700 Bede, 673-735, Eccl. History of
England.
700 Alcuin, d. 804, Theology, Histo-
ry, Poetry.
SCO Alfred, 849-801, Saxon Poems,
Translations, &o.
800
Asser, d. 909, Life of Alfred, His-
tory of England.
800 J. Scott Erigena, d. 883, ' Of the
Nature of Things.'
900
900 Ethelwerd, History of Great
Britain.
900
1000
1000 Ingulphus, 1030-1109, History
of Cruyland.
Eadmer, Chronicle.
1000
1100
Layamon, Saxon Poetry.
NigcUus, Speculum Stultorum.
Walter Mapes, Satires, Songs.
Jos. of Exeter, Trojan War, War
of Antioch, Epics.
1100 Order. Vitalis, 1075-1132, His-
tory of England.
Florence of Worcester, d. lllS,
Chron. of England.
GeoflFrey of Monmouth, History
of Britain.
William of Malmsbury, d. 1143,
History of Britain.
Henry of Huntingdon, Chro-
nicles of England.
Simeon of Durham, Chronicles
of England.
John of Salisbury, d. IISI, 'LU'e
of Becket," Ac.
Q. Cambrensis, Conq. of Ireland,
Itin. of Wales.
Wm. of Newbury, b. 1136, Chron.
of England.
1100
Robert Pulleyn, d. 1150, The-
ology.
Richard of St. Victor, d. 1173,
Theology.
Ralph Glanville, Collection of
Laws.
1200
Eobert of Cloucester, Chronicle
in verse.
T. Lermout, the Rhymer, Sir
Tristem, Romance.
1200 Roger Hoveden, Chron. of Eng-
land.
Gervase of Canterbury, Histo-
ry of England.
Roger of Wendover, Hist, of
England.
Mathew Paris, d. 1259, History
of England.
William Rishanger, History of
England.
1200
Alex. Neckham, d. 1227, The-
ology.
Robert Grosteste, Natural Phi-
losophy.
Alexander Hales, d. 1245, Aris-
totelian.
John Peckham, Theology.
John Holiwood, d, 1258, Astron.,
Mathematics.
Roger Bacon, 1214-1292, Che-
mistry, Optics, &e.
Rich. Middleton, Theology.
1300
Adam D.avie, Metr. Romance,
Life of Alex.
Lawrence Minot, d, 1352, His-
torical Poems.
John Barbour, 1326-1396, 'The
Bruce.'
B. Langlande, 'Pierce Plow-
man,' a Satire.
Geoffrey Chaucer, 1328—1400,
'Canterbury Tales,' ic.
John Gower, d. 1402, Elegies,
Romances, &c.
1300
Nicholas Triveth. d. 1328, Hist.
Physic, Theology.
Richard of Chichester, Chron.
of England.
Ralph Higden, d. 1360, Chron.
of England.
Henry Knighton, d. 1370, Chron.
of England.
Matthew of Westminster, * Flow-
ers of History.*
John MaundeviUe, d. 1372, Tra-
vels.
John Fordun, Chron. of Scot-
laud.
1300 Albricus, Theology.
Duns Seotus, d. 1308, Philoso-
phy.
Walter Burleigh, Philosophy.
Gilb. Anglicus, Medicine.
R. Aungerville, 1281-1345, Phi-
lobiblion.
J. Wieliffe, 1324-1384, Thoolo-
gy. Translation of the Bible.
H. de Bracton, Law.
1100
John Lydgato, 1380—1440,
Poems.
1400 Andrew of Wyntoun, History of
Scotland.
T. Walsingh.am, d. 1440, Histo-
ry of Normandy.
1400
INTRODUCTION.
23
Imagination.
Fact.
Speculative axd SciENTinc.
1400 James I. of ScotlanJ, 1395-
1400
1400
1137, 'King's Quhair,' Ac.
John Fortescue, Laws of Eng-
land.
Harry the Minstrel, ' Sir W. Wal-
lace.'
John Hardyng, Chron. of Eng-
land.
Lord Eemers, Trans, of Frois-
sart.
Thomas Littleton, d. 1487, Law.
Stephen Hawes, 'Passetyme of
W. "baiton, Translations.
Pleasure.'
'
John Skelton, d. 1529, Satires,
Douglas of Glastonbury, Chron.
Odes.
of England.
1500 Wm. Dunbar, 1465-1530, 'This-
1500 R. Faby.an, </. 1512, Chron. of
1500 Thos. Linacre, 1460-1524, Phi-
tle and Rose.'
England and France.
lology, Medicine.
Gawin Douglas, 1475-1522,
Trans. Virgil.
Thomas More, 14S0-1535, 'Uto-
Anth. Fitzherbert, Husbandry.
pia.*
Thomas Wyatt, d. 1541, Son-
nets.
John Heywond, d. 1565, Drama.
T. Hall, d. 1547, Hist, of Houses
Thomas Elyot, Philology.
Earl of Surrey, d. 1546-1547,
of York and Lancaster.
Hugh Latimer, 1475-1555, Ser-
Poems.
John Leland, d. 1552, English
mons.
George GascoigQO, d, 1577,
Auli'iuities.
Drama.
W. Cavendish, 1505-1557, 'Life
of Wolsey.'
Roger Ascham, 1515-1568, 'The
J. Bale, 1495-1503, 'Lives of
Schoolmaster.'
British Writers.'
Thomas Wilson, d. 1581, Logic
Ralph Hollingshed, d. 1581,
and Rhetoric.
Chronicles.
Thomas Tussor, d. 1580, Hus-
George Buchanan, 1506-15S2,
bandly.
Philip Sidney, 1554-1586, 'Ar-
History of Scotland.
cadia.'
J. Fox, 1517-1587, Book of Mar-
Christ. Marlowe, d. 1593, Drama.
tyrs.
Edmund Spenser, 1553-1598,
J. Jewel, 1522-1570, Divinity.
' Faery Queen.'
R. Hooker, 1553-1600, Ecclesi-
W. Shakspeare, 1564-1616, Dra-
N. Fitzherbert, 1550-1612, Bio-
astical Polity.
ma.
graphy.
W. Gilliert, 1540-1603, 'On the
John Lylie, 1550-1600, 'Eu-
John Stowe, 1527-1605, Chroni-
Loadstone.'
phuos.'
cles, Topography.
Sir T. North, Translations of
Plutarch.
L. Andrews, 1565-1626, Sermons.
John Fletcher, 157G-1625, Dra-
ma,.
F. Beaumont, 1586-1615, Dra-
ma.
1600 John Owen, d. 1612, Latin Epi-
1600 J. Pits, 1500-1616, Biog. of
1600 Edwaril Coke, 1550-1634, Law.
grams.
Kings, Bishops, &c.
John Napier, 1550-1617, Loga-
Ricliard KnoUs, d. 1610, History
rithms.
of the Turks.
Wm. Camden, 1551-102.3, Anti-
quities.
B. Uakluyt, 1553-1616, Naval
Histories.
W. Raleigh, 1552-1617, History
of the World.
Samuel Daniel, 1567-1619, His-
tory of England.
J. Ford, b. use, Drama.
Jolin'lleyward, (/. 1627, English
Ben Jouson, 1574-1637, Dra-
History.
ma.
J. Speed, 1555-1629, Hist, of
Robert Burton, 1576-1639, 'Anat.
P. Massinger, 1585-1639, Dra-
Great Britain.
of Melancholy.'
ma.
Henry Spelman, 1502-1641, An-
Francis Bacon, 1560-1626, Phi-
J. Harrington, 1501-1612, Trans.
tiquities.
losophy, History.
Ariosto.
Sir R. B. Cotton, 1570-1631, An-
Wm. Harvey, 1578-1657, Circu-
E. Fairfax, d. 1C32, Trans. Tasso.
tiquities.
S. Purehas, 1577-1628, Collec-
lation of Blood.
M. Drayton, 156.V1G31, Poems.
tion of Voyages.
G. Sandys, 1577-1643, Transla-
John Sclden, 1584-1654, Anti-
tions, Poems.
Thomas Roe, 1580-1641, Travels
quities, Law, History.
S. Daniel, 1562-1619. Poems.
in the East.
J. Harrington, 1611-1677, ' Oce-
■W. Drummond, 1585-1649, Po-
E. (Lord) Herbert, 1581-1648,
ana.'
ems.
History of Henry VIII.
James Usher, 1580-1656, Divi-
John Donne, 1573-1662, Satires,
B. Baker, d. 1645, Chron. of Eng-
nity, Sermons, History.
Essays.
land.
Geo. Wither, 1588-1657, Satires.
Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679, Me-
James Shirley, 1594-1666, Dra-
Thomas Fuller, 1608-1661, His-
taphysics.
ma.
tory and Biography.
W. Dugdale. 1605-1686, Antiqui-
Sir John Suckling, 1609-1641,
Clarendon, 16US-1673, History
ties, History.
Poems.
of Rebellion.
W. Chillingworth, 1602-1644,
John Denham, 1615-1668, Tra-
Thomas May, d. 1650, History
Theology.
gedies, Cooi)er'3 Hill.
of Parliament.
Isaac Barrow, 1630-1677, Divi-
Samuel Butler, 1612-16SS, Hu-
Izaak AYalton, 1593-1683, Bio-
nity, Mathematics.
dibras.
graphy.
J. Pearson, 1612-1686, Divinity.
24
INTKODUCTION.
IjIAGrXAHON.
160C John Milton, 1008-1674, 'Para-
dise Lost.'
Edm. Waller, 1005-1687, Poems.
A. Cowley, 1018-1667, Poems.
A. Maxwell, 1620-167S, Poems.
Eochester, 164S-16S0, Satires.
Eoscommon, 1033-1684, Poems.
N. Lee, 1650-1691, Drama.
John Bunyan, 1028-1088, 'Pil-
grim's Progress.*
John Drydcn, 1031-1701, Tra-
gedy, Satire, 'Virgil.'
Thos. Otway, 1051-1085, Tra-
gedy.
Fact.
1600 B. Whitlocke, 1605-1676, His-
tory.
Mrs. Hutchinson, Biography.
W. Prynne, 1600-1607, History,
Politics.
■Wm. Temple, 1629-1710, His-
tory.
E. Brady, d. 1700, History of
England.
SPECTJI^vnvX AND SCIENTinc.
1700 John Pomfret, 1607-1703, ' The | 1700 Thos. Rymer, d. 1713, Foidera.
Choice.'
John Philips, 1076-1708, 'Splen-
did Shilling.'
Thos. Parneli, 1079-1718, ' The
Hermit.'
Geo. Farquhar, 1078-1707, Co-
medies.
Matt. Prior, 1064-1721, Poems.
K. Steele, d. 1729, Drama, Es-
says.
Daniel Defoe, 1000-1731, 'Eo-
binson Crusoe.'
Jos. Addison, 1672-1719, ' Spec-
tator,' ' Cato.'
Nich. Eowe, 1673-1718, Tra-
g<'(i.y.
J. Vanbrugh, d. 1726, Comedy.
W. Congreve, 1672-1728, Co-
medy.
John Gay, 1683-1732, 'Beggar's
Opera.' Fab.
Mary W. Montague, 1090-1762,
Letters.
Eobert Blair, 1099-1746, 'The
Grave.'
S. Richardson, 1689-1701, ' Cla-
rissa,' * Pamela,' A'c.
D. Garrick, 1716-1779, Drama.
S. Foote, 1720-1771, Drama.
E. Dod.-^ley, 1703-1704, Drama.
Jona. Swift, 1007-1745, Satires,
Tales, Ac.
L Watts, 1074-1748, Hymns.
Edw. Toung, 1681-1765, 'Night
Thoughts.'
Alex. Pope, 1688-1744, Poetry.
W. Somerville, 1692-1743, ' The
Chase.'
Allan Eamsay, 1696-1758, 'The
Gentle Shepherd.'
Eichard Savage, 1698-1743,
Poems.
Jas. Thomson, 1700-1748, 'Sea-
sons.'
John Dver, 1700-1758, Poems.
H. Fielding, 1707-1754, 'Tom
Jones,' itc.
James Hammond, 1710-1742,
Elegies.
S. Ookley, 1678-1720, Oriental
History.
Thos. Hearne, 1078-1735, His-
tory and Antiquities.
John Strype, 1043-1737, History
and Antiquities.
GilbertBurnet, 164.3-1715, 'His-
tory of his Times.'
L. Ethard, 1671-1730, History
of England.
Thos. Carte, 1686-1754, History
of England.
Johu Potter, 1674-1747, Anti-
quities.
Sir W. Petty, 1623-1082, Statis-
tics.
Nathanael Hooke, d. 176.3, His-
tory of Rome.
C. Middleton, 1683-1750, Life
of Cicero, Ac.
John Swinton, 1703-1707, His-
tory, Antiquity.
1600 Brian Walton, 1600-1061, Poly-
glot Bible.
Jeremy Taylor, d. 1667, Divinity.
Alger. Sydney, 1617-1683, 'Dis-
course on Government.'
Thos. Browne, 1605-1682, 'On
Vulgar Errors.'
Edmund Castell, d. 1685, Lexicoi
Heptaglotton.
R. Cudworth, 1617-1688, Meta-
phvsics.
J. Evelyn, 1620-1706, ' Sylva.' ,
H. More, 1014-1687, Theology.
T. Sydenham, 1024-1689, Medi-
cine.
W. Sherlock, d. 1089, Divinity.
J. Tillotson, 1030-1694, Sermons.
Arehl'ishop Leighton, 1013-1684,
Divinity.
R. Baxter, 1015-1691, 'Saint's
Everlasting Rest.'
R. B(.yle, 1027-1691, Theology,
Chemistry.
1700
Lord Lyttelton, 1709-1778, His-
tory, Poems. Divinity.
James Granger, rf. 1776, Biog.
Hist, of England.
John Ray. 1628-1705, Botany,
Natural History.
John Locke, 1032-1704, Meta-
pbvsiL's.
E. S'uuth, 1633-1710, Divinity.
Isaac Newton, 1042-1719, 'Prin-
cipia.'
J. Flamsteed, 1642-1719, Astro-
nomy.
E. Hooke, 1635-1702, Philoso-
B. de Mandeville, 1670-1733,
'Fab. of the Bees.'
Edm. Ualley, 1656-1742, Astro-
nomy.
Hans Sloane, 1000-1753, Natural
History.
S. Clarke, 1675-1729, Divinity,
Philosophv.
D. Waterland, 1683-1740, Di-
vinity.
R. Beutloy, 1601-1740, Divinity,
Philology.
A. Baxter, 1087-1750, Metaphy-
Lord Eolingbrokc, 1672-1751;
Politics, Literature.
G. Berkeley, 1684^1753, Meta-
phvsies. Ethics.
P. Doddridge, 1701-1751, Di-
■\inity.
Jas. Bradley, 1692-1762, Astro-
nomy.
P. Hutcheson, 1694-1747, Moral
Philosophy.
T. Sherlock, 1078-1761, Divini-
tv.
C. Maclaurin, 1696-1746, Mathe-
matics.
Earl of Chesterfield, 1694-1773,
Letters.
Eph. Chambers, d. 1740, Cyclo-
paedia.
B. Hoadley, 1070-1761, Pole-
mics.
Bishop Butler, 1692-1752, Di-
vinitv.
J. AVesiey, 1703-1791, Divinity.
D. Hartley, 1704-1757, ' Obser-
vations on Man.'
Soame Jenyns, 1704-1787, The-
ology.
W. Warburton, 1709-1779, The-
ology, Criticism.
INTRODUCTION.
25
laiAGIXATION.
1700 Laur. Storne, 1713-1768, ' Tris-
tram Shandy.*
W. Shenstone, 1714^irS3, Pas-
torals, &o.
W. Collins, 1720-1756, Oiles.
H. Brooke, 1706-1783, 'Fool of
Quality.'
M. Akensido, 1721-1770, ' Plea-
sures of Imagination.'
Thos. Gray, 1716-1771, Odes,
Elegies.
T. Smollett, 1720-1771, Novels.
K. Glovor, 1712-17S9, 'Leoni-
das.'
0. Goldsmith, 1731-1774, 'Tra-
veller,' ' Viear of Wakefield.'
W. Mason, 1725-1797, Poems,
Biography.
Thomas Chatterton, 1752-1770,
Poems.
Ar. Murphy, 1727-1S05, Drama.
Wm. Cowper, 1731-1800, Poems.
R. Cumberland, 1732-1811, Dra-
ma.
Eras. Darwin, 1732-1802, 'Bo
tanie Garden.'
Jas. Beattie, 1735-1803, Poems.
E. Ferguson, 1750-1774, Poems.
Geo. Colman, 1733-1794, Come-
dies.
J. Wolcot, (Peter Pindar,) 1738-
1819, Com. Poems.
James Maepherson, 1738-1796,
* Ossian's Poems.'
Eoliert Burns, 1759-1 796, Poems.
J. Home, d. 1808, Drama.
Eich. B. Sheridan, 1751-1816,
Drama.
Ann Eadcliffe, 1764-1823, No-
vels.
1800 Robert Bloomfield, d. 1823, ' Far-
mer's Boy.'
Jlrs. Barbauld, Poems, Tales.
Lord Byron, 1788-1824, Poems.
John Keats, Poems.
P. B. Shelley, d. 1822, Poems.
R. C. Maturin, rZ.^1824, Drama.
Miss Austin, Novels.
Wm. Goodwin, 1765-1836, No-
vels, Metaphysies.
Walter Scott, 1771-1832, Novels,
Poems.
E. PoUok, 179S-1827, 'Course
of Time.'
Geo. Crabbe, d. 1832, ' The Bo-
rough.' &c.
Fanny Burney, 1752-1840, No-
vels.
Wm. Beckford, 1760-1844, No-
vels.
Thos. Haynes Bayly, 1797-1839,
Lyrics.
Thomas Hamilton, 1789-1842,
Novels, Travels.
Felicia Hemans, 1794-1835,
Poems.
Barbara Hofland, Novels.
Jas. Hogg, 1782-1835, Poems
and Tales.
Theo. E. Uook, 1788-1841, No-
vels.
1700
Sam. Johnson, 1709-1784, Lives
of Poctji, Diet,, Ac.
Jonas Hanwtiy, 1712-1786, Tra-
vels in the East.
John Blair, d. 17S2, Chronology.
David Hume, 1711-1776, Histo-
ry of England, Essays, &c,
W. Robertson, 1721-1793, Hist.
of Charles V., &c.
Thos. Warton, 1728-1790, Histo-
ry of England, Poetry, Poems.
H. Walpole, </. 1797, 'Historic
Doubts,' ' Royal and Noble
Authors.'
J. Moore, 1730-1802, 'Views of
Society and Manners.'
James Bruce, 1730-1794, Tra-
vels.
W. Gilpin, 1724-1804, Biogra-
phy, Divinity, &c.
E. Gibbon, 1737-1794. Decline
and Fall of Roman Empire.
J. Whitaker, 1735-1808, Hist, of
Manchester, &c.
Edm. Burke, 1730-1797, Ora-
tory.
J. Bn'swell, 1740-1795, Biogra-
phv.
J. Jiilner, 1744-1797, Church
History.
Joseph Strutt, 174S-1S02, Chro-
nology, Antiquities.
Ch.arles Burney, d. 1841, ' His-
tory of Music.*
1800 J. Macdiarmid, 1779-1808, Bio-
graphy.
E. D. Clarke, d. 1822, Travels.
C. J. Fox, d. 1796, History.
W. Mitford, History of Greece.
SPECtJLATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC.
R. Heber, Tr.avels. Ac.
Major Rennel. Geographv.
Wm. Eoscoe, 1751-1831, Life of
Leo X„ &c.
Walter Scott, 1771-1832, Histo-
ry, Biography.
Sir Jas. Mackintosh, 1766-1832,
Hist, of England.
Goo. Chalmers, 1742-1825, Po-
litical Annnls.
Marsden, 1755-1836, Oriental
Hist, and Travels.
James Mill, 177.3-1836, History
of British India.
Robert Morrison, 1782-1834,
Travels, Philology.
1700 J. Jortin, 109S-1770, Divinity,
Criticism.
Lord Kames, 1696-1782, Ele-
ments of Criticism.
R. Lowth, 1710-1787, Divinity,
Philologv.
W. Blackstone, 1723-1780, Laws
of England.
Adam Smith, 1723-1790, 'Wealth
of Nations.'
J. Harris. 1709-1780, Philologv.
John Hunter, 1728-1793, Med'i-
cine.
F. Balguy, 1716-1795, Divinity.
T. Reid, 1710-1796. Metaphysics.
Sir J. Reynolds, 1723-1792, ArL
S. Horsley, d. 1806, Theology.
Jos. Pries'tley, 1733-1804, Meta-
p»hysics. Chemistry.
Hugh Blair, 1719-lSOO. Sermons.
J. Home Tooke, 1736-1812, Phi-
lology.
Wm. Jones, 1747-1794, Orien-
talist.
R. Price, 1723-1791, Metaphy-
sies, Diviuitv.
Wm. Paley, 1743-1805, Philo-
logy.
Richard Person, 1759-lSOS, Phi-
lology.
Thos. Bcddoes, 1760-1808, Medi-
cine.
N. Maskelyne, d. 1811, Astro-
nomy.
G. L. .itaunton, d. 1801, Chinese
Code.
W. Uersehel, 1738-1822, Astro-
nomy.
1800 Arthur Young, 1741-1820, Agri-
culture.
A. Rees, 1743-1825, Cvclopanlia.
Joseph Banks, 1743-1820, Natu-
ral History.
Dr. Parr, t/.1825. Philology.
D. Ricardo, d. 1823, Political Eco-
noniv.
C. Hut'ton, d. 1823, Mathematics.
J. Playrair,(/. 1819, Mathematics.
P. Elmsley, Philology.
T. Wollaston, Chemistry.
Thos. Young. Hieroglvjdiics, <fec.
T. Scott, d. 1821, Div'inity.
D. Stewart, d. 1821, Metaphysics.
Vicesimus Knox, 1752-1821, Es-
says.
Malthus, Political Economy.
Wm. Hazlitt, Critic and Ess,ayist.
Francis Jeffrey, 1773-1849, Es-
says, Criticism.
Archbishop Magee, d. 1831, Di-
vinity.
Sir Humph. Davy, d. 1829, Che-
mistry.
Jer. Bentham, d. 1832, 'Princi-
eiples of Legislation.'
Adam Clarke, 1763-1832, Divi-
nity, Criticism.
Arch. Alison, 1757-1839, Essays
on Taste.
Francis Baily, 1774-1844, As-
tronomy, &c.
Bishop Burgess, 1756-1837, The-
ology.
Herbert Marsh, 1758-1839, The-
ology.
Thos. Mitchell, 1783-1845, Clas-
sic. Critic.
26
INTRODUCTION.
Imaqinatiox.
180U Thos. Hood, Pooms, Novels, Ac.
Hannah More, 1744-1833, Po-
ems, Tales.
Jane Porter, 1776-1850, Novels.
Wm. Wordsworth, 1770-1S50,
Poems.
Kobert Southey, 1774-1843,
Poems.
Lady Blessington, 1789-1849,
Novels.
Charles Lamb, 1775-1834, Po-
ems, Essays.
S. T. Coleridge, 1773-1834,
Ethics, Poems.
L. E. Landon Maclean, 1804-
1838, Novels and Poems.
Thos. H. Lister, 1801-1842, No-
vels, &c.
William Maginn, 1793-1842,
Tales anil Poems.
Marryat, 1792-1847, Novels.
John Gait, 1779-1839, Novels.
Wm. H. Ireland, Shaks. Forge-
ries.
Lady Morgan, h. 1783, Novels.
Jas. Morier, b. 1780, Novels.
Thomas Campbell, 1777-1844,
Poems.
John Banim, 1800-1842, Novels.
Hen. F. Cary, 1772-1844, Trans.
Dante, Ac.
Pact.
1800 Jas. Grahame, History of United
States.
John Gillies, 1747-1S36, History
of Greece.
Basil Hall, 1788-1844, Travels
and Voyages.
Wm. Hone, 1779-1842, Every
Dav Book.
E. & J. Landor, 1834, Travels in
Africa.
Pouthey, 1774-1843, Biography.
Wm. Beckford, 1769-1844, Tra-
vels.
Arch. Alison, History of Europe.
Thos. Arnold, 1795-1842, His-
tory of Rome.
Thos. D. Fosbrooke, 1770-1842,
Archteologv.
Thos. MeCrie, 1772-1835, Life
of Knox.
Sir John Malcolm, History of
Persia and India.
I. D'lsraeli, 1766-1848, Curiosi-
ties of Literature.
SPrCULATrVE AND SCIEXTIFIC.
1800 Kobert Mudie, 1777-1842, Scien-
tific Miscellanies.
Sir E. Brydges, 1762-1837, Mis-
cellanies.
Wm. Cobbett, 1762-1835, Poli-
tics, Ac.
J. Dalton, 1766-1844, Chemistry.
J. F. Daniel, 1790-1845, Chem.
Sydney Smith, 1777-1845, Theo-
logy. Essays, Ac.
John Bonnycastle, d. 1821, Ma-
thematics.
Tliomas Chalmers, Theology and
Political Economy.
John Leslie, 1832, Mathemati-
cian.
J. C. London, 1783-1843, Botany,
Agriculture, Architecture.
John Bell, 1763-1825, Anatomy
and Physiology.
Olinthus 'Gregory, 1774-1841,
Mathematics and Religion.
Robert Hall, 1764-1S31, Ser-
mons.
Sir Chas. Bell, 1781-1824, Anato-
my and Physiology.
The following may be named as among the best
manvials in the department of History, Divinity, Mo-
ral and Political Philosophy, Voyages, and Travels.
I. The History of England. Our favourite history
is the "Pictorial," published by Messrs. Charles
Knight & Co., 11 vols., with Index vol., imp. 8yo.,
1819-50 ; from B. C. 55 to A. D. 184G.
We have given our opinion as to the merits of this
compilation, when treating of the works of J. Petit
Andrews, (q. v.)
As regards earlier histories, Hall's History of the
Houses of York and Lancaster, Lelaad's English An-
tiquities, Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, HoUingshed's
Chronicles, Buchanan's History of Scotland, Stowe's
Chronicles, Camden's Britannia and Reign of Eliza-
beth and James I., Daniel's History of England,
Speed's History of Great Britain, Hayward's English
History, Spelman's Antiquities, Lord Bacon's Henry
VII., Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., Fuller's
Church History and Worthies of England, and Ba-
ker's Chronicles afford sufficient materials to the most
enthusiastic lover of historic lore.
For the occurrences of the memor.nble days of
the Commonwealth, we have Harris's Charles I. and
Cromwell, Neal's History of the Puritans, Clai-en-
don's History of the Rebellion, May's History of
Parliament, and the works of Whitlocke, Hutchinson,
Prynne, Holies, Ludlow, &c. If we wish to see how
those subjects have been treated by modern writers,
we have Hume and Catherine Macaulay as the apolo-
gists of the Stutirts and of the Republicans, respect-
ively, and the works of Godwin, Foster, and Carlyle.
The following historical works should be carefully
read : Burnet's Own Times, Hearne's History and
Antiquities, Strype's Ecclesiastical History, Echard's
History of England, the mine of curious erudition in
Carte's History of England, and the Life of the Duke
of Ormonde, — Gi-.anger's Biographical History of
England, Keightley's History of England, Sir James
Mackintosh's History of the Revolution of 1088,
Hallam's Constitutional History, Miller's George III.,
Croly's George IV., Mr. Macaulay's Commencement
of the History of England from the Accession of James
II., and Smyth's Lectures on Modern History.
For a knowledge of the History of America, the
reader should consult Robertson's America, Botta's
Revolution, Irving's History of Columbus and his Fol-
lowers, Prescott's Conquest of Mexico, and Conquest of
Peru, Burke's European Settlements in N. America,
and his Speeches on America, Grahame's, Hildreth's,
and Bancroft's History of the United States, Sparks's
Life and Writings of Washington, Franklin, and Mor-
ris, Sparks's American Biography, first and second
series, Ramsay's Life of Washington, American Revo-
lution, Marshall's Life of Washington, Washington
Irving's ditto, Holmes's Anusils of America, Flint's
History of Iilississippi Valley, Theodore Irving's Con-
quests of Florida, and the works of John Adams,
Hamilton, John Jay, John Q. Adams, Jefferson, Cal-
houn, Benton, Webster, Colton's Life of Clay, the pa-
pers in the Feder-alist, Davis's Life of Burr, &c. The
works of Catliu and JIcKenney, Hall and Schoolcraft,
on the North American Indians, should not be neglected.
The History of British India will be found in the
works of Orme, Cambridge, Mills, Martin, Malcolm's
Life of Clive, Gleig's Memoirs of Hastings, the trial
of Warren Hastings in the works of Burke, &c.
II. Among Commentators upon the Holy Scriptures,
may be mentioned Doddridge, Patrick, Lowth, Whit-
by, Macknight, D'Oyly, Mant, Henry, Gill, Scott,
Clarke, Burkitt, Robinson, Home, Barnes, Addisop,
Alexander, Turner, Bush, and the valuable manuals
of Biblical Bibliography of Home, Orme, Williams,
and Bickersteth. The English language is exceed-
INTRODUCTION.
27
ingly rich in stei-ling divinity. Of these it may be
sufficient to mention Taylor, Hooker, Chillingworth,
Mede, Barrow, Pearson, Usher, Hall, Tenn, Barclay,
Tillotson, Stillingfleet, Bull, Waterland, Clarke, Sher-
lock, Warburton, Seeker, Jortin, Lowth, Leslie, Owen,
Hammond, Leland, Lardner, Doddridge, Watts, Lati-
mer, Edgeworth, Seed, South, Sherlock, Porteus,
Horsley, Paley, Edwards, Dwight, Gisborne, Kobert
Hall, Forster, Chalmei-s, and Jay.
III. Among Manuals of Devotion, will be found the
Holy Living and Dying of Jeremy Taylor, Private
Thoughts of Bishop Beveridge, Reflections on the
Holy Spirit by AUis, Scott's Christian Life, Nelson's
Fasts and Festivals, the Whole Duty of Man, the
Ladies' Calling, and the Companions to the Prayer
Book by Cumber. Wheatley, and Sparrow. Jenks,
Bean, Cotteril, Blomfield, Hicks, Downington, Jay,
and others, also published works upon this most im-
portant branch of literature.
IV. In Voyages and Travels, the voluminous collec-
tions of Pinkerton, Ilakluyt, Kerr, and Porter, and
the narratives of Humboldt, Warburton, Hall, Lyell,
Beckford, Hobhouse, V.alentia, Barrow, Murray, Gar-
diner, Davis, Gutzlaff, Langdon, Russell, Kohl, Laing,
Howitt, Heber, Head, Combe, Buckingham, Marti-
neau, Frazer, Gray, Egerton, Fellowes, Rennell,
Layard, Kinnear, Long, Burnes, Buck, Robinson,
Cramer, Lindsay, Wilson, Wordsworth, Eustace, Ste-
phens, Bayard Taylor, Fremont, Wilkes, Kane, Lynch,
and others, will serve to profitably beguile many a
long winter evening. See Pycroft's Course of Eng-
lish Reading, and Dibdin's Library Companion.
V. In Moral Philosophy, Paley has been highly com-
mended ; but his theory of expediency is radically un-
sound. Dymond's Elements of Christian Morality we
consider the best work of the kind in the language.
Chalmers's Bridgewater Treatise, Mackintosh's Dis-
sertation on the Study of Ethical Philosophy, Beat-
tie's Principles of Moral Science, Abercrombie's Phi-
losophy of the Moral Feelings, Butler's Works, Foster's
Essays on Decision of Character, Mason on Self-
Knowledge, and the works of Whewell and Moore,
should be carefully studied.
VI. In Political Economy, the works of Adam Smith,
Bentham, Mill, Ricardo, Malthus, McCuUoch, Marti-
neau, Carey, Bishop Potter of Penn., E. Peshine Smith,
Newman, Brougham, Alison, Jones, Whately, &c.,
will give the reader an insight into this vastly impor-
t.ant, though till lately much misunderstood, subject.
The Histories of Banking, by Hardcastle, Gilbart,
Lawson, Bell, G.allatin, Gouge, &c., ai-e useful works
See a list of choice works in Biography. Bi))liography,
and Belles-Lettres, in the Preface to this volume, and
see Index.
We have now pursued the subject to a sufBcient
extent for this part of our work. The reader will
see, by a reference to the Index of Subjects, that we
have mentioned but a very few of the books noticed
in our Dictionary.
We have, however, thought it well, in the preced-
ing pages, to group together under their appropriate
divisions, a number of works, many of which (in the
Historical department, for instance.) are not well
known to the ordinary reader. Full justice has been
done to the extent of our ability to these, and the
other departments of literature, in the succeeding
pages of this volume. The author is not willing to
doubt that the anxious labour of years which he has
zealously bestowed upon this work, upon which the
rising and the setting sun have so often found him
employed, will be abundantly rewarded b}' its fruits.
If he shall induce any to discover, in Literature, a
solace in sorrow, a companion in solitude, a safeguard
to morality, an incentive to virtue, and a guide to the
immortal spirit in its aspirations after the good, the
true, and the holy, he has served his generation and
so far answered the ends of his being.
As we have frequently occasion to refer to the reigns of different English sovereigns without specifying
dates, — temp. Edward II., temj>. Henry IL, &o., — the following table of the Kings and Queens of England
(from Pulleyn's Etymological Compendium) will prove of great service to the reader.
WiUiam I. .
William It.
Henry I... .
Stephen..
Benryll...
BicJiard /... .
John
Henry Iir....
Eiliaard I....
Edward IT...
Edward III..
Riehardll...
Henry v....
Henry YI..
Obtaiaeii the Crown by Conquest.
4tb son of Will. I
Youngest son ot WiU. 1
The Hocse of Elois.
3d son of Slepben. Earl of Blols,
by Adcla, 4th daughter ot Will. I
The House of Pla.n-tageset.
Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet. by
Matilda, only daughter of Hen . 1,
Eldest surviribg son of Hen. II. . .
6lh aud youngest son of Hen. II...
Eldest son of John
Eldest son of Hen. Ill
Eldest surviving son of Ed. I
Eldest son of Ed. II
Son of the Black Prince, eld. son
ofEd.m
The House of Lancasteb.
Son of John of Gaunt, 4th son of
Ed. Ill
Eldest son of Hen. IV
Only son of Hen. T
1066
10S7
1100
1154
lua
nay
ii'ie
l.'7-J
13«
1327
The House of Tobk.
His grandfather. Richard, was son
of Edmund. 5th son of Ed. III.;
and his graudinother, Anne, was
gre..it-grand.daughter of Lionel,
:id son of Ed. Ill 1461
Pldestsou of Ed. IV 14-Kl
Younger brother of Ed. IV Il4^
Died.
A-e.
Wh
Eciga.
1087
1100
1135
60
43
68
21
13
35
U51
49
19
11S9
lly9
1L'16
v^ri
1307
13.'7
1377
56
41
49
66
07
43
65
35
10
17
56
35
20
50
1400
33
22
1413
1 irj
1471
46
34
49
14
9
39
14S3
H«3
42
11
42
22
0
2
Eenry VII. .
Bcnry VIII..
Edward ri..
ifary
Charles /....
Interrefinum.
Charles II...
James II.....
WUUamlll.
George I- .
Oeorge II...,
Georqe III. .
George IV...
Wil/iiim IV.
Victoria
The Hodse op Tddor.
His fatlterwas Edmund, eldest sod
ot Oiveu Tudor and Queen Cathe-
rine, widow of Hen. V. ; and liis
motlier was Margaret BeauTort,
groal-tTand-daugbler of John of
Gaunt
Only surviving son of Hen, 11
Son of Hen. VIII. by Jane Seymour
Daugbler of Hen. VILI. by Cath. ot
Arragon
Daughter of Hen. VIII, by Axiue
Boleyn
Tbk House op Stcast.
Son of Mary Queen of Scots, grand-
daughter of James IV. and Mar-
garet, eldest daughter of Hen.
VII
Only surviving son of Janiea I....
Eldest son of Charlea I
Only surviving son of Charles I..
Son of Will, of Kassau, by Mary 1
daughter of Charles I >
Eldest daughter of James II }
Daughter of James II
The H0D8E OP Hakotbb.
Eldest son of the Duke of IJnnover.
by Sophia, daughter of Frtd. V..
King of Bohemia, and Elixat'Olh,
daughter of James I
Only son of George I
Grandson of George II
Eldest son of George III..
3d sou of George III
Daugblerof Edward. Dukeof Kent.
4th son of George Ul
1603
lfii'5
16H0
1688^
1702
ITU
1727
17t50
1837 Whnm God Preterve.
DICTIONAEY
gvifc^ anir ^mxkm literature an^ |iiit|or5.
ABB
Abbot, Abiel, D.D., 1770-1828, a native of Andovcr,
Mass., graJuatecl at Harvard College in 1787, accepted a
pastoral charge at llaverliill about 1704, at Beverly about
1802. He was the author of. 1. Letters from Cuba, Bos-
ton, 1829. 2. Artillery Election Sermon, 1802. 3. Ser-
mons to Mariners, 1812. 4. Address on Intemperance,
1815. 5. Sermon before the Salem Missionary Society,
1816. 6. Sermon before the Bible Society of Salem, 1817.
7. Convention Sermon, 1S27.
" Dr. Abbot was very courteous and interesting in social inter-
course, and was eloi|ueut in preaching."
See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; Flint's Serm. ; Sljetcli In
a Letter from Cuba.
Abbot, Charles, D.D., F.L.S., Vicar of Oakley
Raynes, Bedfordshire; author of, 1. Flora Bedfordiensis,
1798. 2. A Monody on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1805.
3. Sermon on the Death of Horatio, Lord Nelson, 1S06.
4. Parochial Divinity, or Sermons on Various Subjects,
1807.
Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester, 1757-1829, was the
son of the Rev. John Abbot, D.D., Rector of All-Samts,
Colchester; educated at Westminster School, and Oxford.
In 17S)5, he became M.P. for Halston, and Speaker of the
House, Feb. 10, 1802. In 181.3, ho defeated the Roman
Catholic Bill in committee. For fifteen years ho held the
office of Speaker H.C., and on his retirement was created
Baron Colchester. Ho was tho author of an essay On the
Use and Abuse of Satire, Oxf., 1786. Speech in the Com-
mittee of tho House of Commons on the Catholic Question,
1813.
Abbot, Charles, Lord Tenterden, 1762-1832, one of
the Judges in the Court of King's Bench. Having been
so long accustomed to tho Bench, his lordship exhibited
in his last moments a striking instance of the tenacity of
tho " ruling passion." The members of his family were
gathered around him, to discharge tho last sad offices of
kindness, when ho was observed to move his hand along
the pillow, as if in the act of writing, and directly after-
wards, he was hoard to exclaim, almost in his official tone,
"Gentlemen of the jury, you may retire ;" ho then closed
his eyes, and expired. Author of, 1. Rules and Orders on
the Plea Side of tho Court of King's Bench, Ac, 1795.
2. Jurisprudence and Practice of tho Court of Great Ses-
sions of Wales on tho Chester Circuit, London, 1795, 9
vols. 3. Treatise on the Law relating to Merchant Ships
and Seamen, in four parts, 1802. The seventh edition of
this work, edited by Wm. Shoe, was published Loudon,
1844; Boston, 1816; eighth Loud, edition, 1847, royal 8vo.
"This book isaleral classic of hish character, and is frequently
cUe4 upon questions of Commercial Law not altered by statute.
It is equally distinguished for practical good-sense, and for exten-
sive and accurate learning, remarkably compressed, and appropri-
ately applied. Chancellor Kent made it the basis of the forty-
seventn lecture of his Commentaries upon American Law. There
r,5^i" *™ American editions of the work ; but those of 1810
and 1823, enriched with notes and references to American cases
by Mr. Justice Mory, are the most valuable, except the late edition,
In the fourth American edition, (1829.) now out of print, the
learned annotator recast the notes and added many new one'!. A
new American edition has just been published, (1845.) containing
the notes of Story and shoe, together with notes of American deci-
sions, by J. C. Perkins. Esq. This edition is the most desir,aUe
one for the American lawyer. Abbot's was the first English trea-
tise devoted exclusively to the law of shipping. In 1819, the
work was translated into Portuguese. The late English edition
by Shoe IS well spoken of 13 Ves. 699; 3 Kent's Com. 2S0; 9 Legal
Observer, 276; 1 Angell's Law Int<jlligencer, 73; 1 A. J. 321; 4
Jm-ist, C42." — Marvin's Legal Bibliography.
ABB
Sixth American edition, with additional annotations by
J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850 ; seventh edition, royal Svo.
"This is truly a m.aguificent volume, of more than a thousand
pages, containing tho treatise of Lord Tenterden, or Mr. Abbot, as
he is better known, with the additions of Sergeant Shee, and the
notes of Judge Story and Mr. Perkins. In all that relates to the
mechanical execution, table of cases, index, annotations, and ap-
pendix, this is incomparably the best edition of * Abbot on Ship-
ping,' that has ever been published." — Law /I'cjwrfer.
Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1562-
1633, was a n.ative of Guildford, Surrey. Anthony Wood
tells us, at tho time he wrote the life of Robert, the brother
of George, that the house where these brothers, afterwards
so distinguished, were born, was occupied as an ale-house,
bearing the sign of tho Three Mariners ; it was situated
by the river's side, near to tho bridge, on tho north side
of the street, in St. Nicholas's parish. Their father, a
cloth-worker, evinced a laudable zeal for their welfare by
having them instructed in the Free School of their native
place, and then sending them in succession to Baliol Col-
lege, Oxford. The two boys, thus benefited by paternal
care, lived to reward this fatherly interest by the eminence
and usefulness to which they both attained. Robert be-
came Bishop of Salisbury, and George, the subject of our
memoir. Archbishop of Canterbury. George entered Ba-
liol College in 1578 ; became a Fellow in 1593 ; took his
degree of D.D. in 1597, and was chosen in the same year
Principal of University College. Ho was installed Dean
of Winchester in 1599, and the year following was chosen
Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, to which he
was again elected in 1003, and in 1608. Dr. Abbot was
ono of the eight Oxford divines to \/hom was committed
the duty of translating the New Testament, (with the ex-
ception of the Epistles,) when tho version by command of
King James was undertaken in 1004. Wood speaks highly
of his erudition :
" He was also a learned man. and h.id his ertidition all of the
old stamp. The things that he hath written show him to be a
mau of parts, learning, vigilance, and unwearied study, though
OTerwhelmed with business." — Allien. Oxoii.
When an effort was made in 1608 to effect a union between
tho national churches of Scotland and England, Hume, Earl
of Dunbar, and Dr. Abbot were despatched to Scotland to
further this object. An arraugoment was made by which
tho bishops were to be perpetual moderators in the diocesan
synods, and had the power of presentation to heuoflces,
and of deprivation or suspension. The preferment which
rewarded Abbot's successful management of this delicate
business, is the best evidence of the approbation with
which he was regarded by his royal patron. The bishopric
of Lichfield and Coventry became vacant in 1609 by tho
death of Dr. Overton, and Dr. Abbot was appointed his
successor. In tho next month ho was translated to tho
see of London, vacant by the death of Dr. Thomas Ravis ;
and Archbishop B.ancroft ilying in 1610, Bishop Abbot was
raised to tho archieiiiscopal see of Canterbury.
It is not improbable that ho owed his advancement as
much to his adulation of his royal master — whose love of
flattery is well known — as to tho real merit which he un-
questionably possessed, aud his sincere attachment to the
Protestant cause, in which his parents had suflered consi-
derably. In the preface to ono of his pamphlets, tho fol-
lowing specimen of ridiculous flattery occurs ; — speaking
of the king, he says :
" Whose life hath been so imm.aculate, and unspotted, ic, that
even malice itsoU; wliich leaves nothing uusear.jhed, could neve*
29
ABB
ABB
find true Memisli in it, nor cast profitable aspersion on it. Zeal-
ous as a David; learned and wise, the Solomon of oui* age; reli-
gious as Josias; careful of spreading Cln-ist's faith as Constantine
the fireat; just as Moses; undefiled in all his ways as a Jehosha-
phat and Ilezekiah; full of clemency as another theodosius."
It would also appear, from a letter of King James's to
Abbot, first published by Dean Sherlock, that his ideas of
regal power were little likely to give offence even to such
a prince as James j nevertheless Abbot could sometimes
oppose the will of his sovereign with great decision and
firmness, and his moderation in the exercise of his high
functions recommended him greatly to the Puritan and
popular party. He strenuously promoted the projected
match between the Elector Palatine and the Princess
Klizabeth, and performed their nuptial eeremonyj on the
Uth of February, 1612.
" It was accept;ible news," says Neal, " to the English Puritans,
to hear of a Protestant prince in Bohemia; and thi-y e;irnestly d^^
sired his majesty to support him, as appears by Archbishop Ab-
bot's letter, who was known to speak the sense of that whole
party. This prelate being asked his opinion as a privy councillor,
while he was coutined to his bed with the gout, wrote the follow-
ing letter to the secretaiy of state : — ' That it was his opinion, that
the elector should accept the crown; that Kugland should support
him openly ; and that as soon as news of his coronation should
arrive, the bells should be rung, guns fired, and bonfires made to
let all England see that the king was det^?rmined to countenance
him.' The archbishop adds, ' It is a great honour to our king to
have such a son made a king; methinks I foresee in this the work
of God, that by degrees the kings of the earth ^all leave the
whore to desolation. Our striking in will comfort the Bohemians,
and bring in the Dutch and the Dane, and Ilnnicary will run the
same fortune. As for money and means, let us trust God and the
Parliament, as the old and honourable means of raising money.
This from my bed, (says the brave old prelate.) September 12, 1619,
and when I can stand, I will do better serviw.' "
'■ The affair of the divorce of the Lady Essex, has been consi-
dered one of the greatest blemishes of James's reign. The king
referred the matter to a court of delegates, consisting of bishops
and civilians, which he expected would decide in favoua- of the
divorce; but the archbishop boldly resisted the measure, and sen-
tence was given in the lady's favour. On another occasion, the
archbishop set himself against the views and wishes of the king
and court, when these ran counter to a bibber allegiance which he
owed. Happening to be at Croydon, in ItilS, on the day when the
king's proclamation permitting sports and pastimes on the Sab-
bath, was ordered to be read in all churches, ho forbade it to be
published in the chiu-ch of that place.'' — C'anningham's Biog. His-
tory of EngJayxd.
"In 1021, whilst taking a journey into Hampshire, the arch-
bishop was invited by Lord Zonch to hunt in Bramhill Paik. Pre-
tending to be a woodman, he took up a crossbow to make a shot
at a buck, but unhappily hit the keeper, who had run in among
tho herd of deer, to bring them up to a fairer mark. The arrow
pierced the left arm, and dividing the large axillary vessels,
caused instantaneous death. * He never spake after,' says Fuller,
' as the person, still alive at Croydon, who brought off his body,
Informed me.' This untoward event caused the greatest conster-
nation— the like had never happened in the Church of England;
it was a sore afiliction to many good men, who lamented the scan-
dal which must by this untoward accident inevitably MX upon
the chun.h ; for in the eye of general councils, and the canon law.
the archbishop was wonderfully tainted, and made incapable of
performing any sacred function. By the common law, his personal
estate was forfeited to the king, who graciously sent him a letter
under his own hand, ' that he would not add affliction to his sor-
row, nor take one farthing from his chattels and movables.'
IlACKET, p. 65. But the scandal brought upon the church was
not so readily removed ; it was a subject of discourse in the foreign
universities, and after three several disputations, was declared by
the Sorbonnists to amount to a positive irregularity. To add to
the difSculty, four bishops elect were waiting for their consecrsr
tion: — Dr. Williams, elect of Lincoln; Dr. Da venant. of Salisbury;
Dr. Gary, of Exeter ; Dr. Laud, of St. David's ; all of whom, except
Davenant, who was under personal obligations to the archbishop,
scrupled to have his hands laid upon them, and declined his coo-
secration ; ' not out of enmity, or superstition, (s.ays Uacket, p, 66,)
but to be wary, that they might not be attainted with the conta^
gion of his scandal, and uncanonical condition.' To determine the
question, and settle men's minds, the king directed a commission
on the 3d of October, to the Lord Keeper, (AVilliams.) the Bishops
of London, (Montague,) Winchester, (Andrews,) and llochester,
^Buckeridge;) to tho elects of Exeter, (Cary,) and St. David's.
(Laud:) Sir Henry Hobart, lord chief justiceoftheCommon Pleas;
Sir John Doddridge, one of the justices of the King's Bench; Sir
Henry JLartin, dean of the arches; and Dr. Steward, a civilian.
The three following questions were submitted to their decision : —
1. mtdhcr the archbishop were irregular by the fact of involuntary
homicitht The two judges and two civilians" held "the negative;
tho other.'^ held tlmthe was irregulai-, except Bishop Andrews, who
said that he could not conclude so. 2. Whether the act might tend
to a scandal in a churchman f BishopAndrews.SirH. Hohart. and
Dr. Steward, doubted. The rest concurred that there might arise
from such an acciilcnt.'scantlalumacceptum noil datum.' ~ 3. How
the archbishop should be restored in casehc should lefnundinrgvlar?
All agreed that it could bo no othervrise than by restitution from
the kmiv. but they dissented in the manner of its being done.
. . . But though tlio archbishop was thus absolved, Willi.abis and
the others still scrupled at receiving consecration from his hands,
and tho king tber^-fore permitted them to bo otherwise conse-
crated."— .Sir IJit'g. Brit.
The archbishop petitioned tho king to bo permitted to
retire, and spend the remainder of his days at his own alms-
30
house at Guildford. — HoiccVs Letters, p. 123. However,
after the decision of the commission, he returned to Lam-
beth, and resumed his functions. A monthly fast and £20
per annum to the widow proved the sincerity of his grief.
After much ill health, which for a season caused a, suspen-
sion of the discharge of his episcopal duties, he regained
his health in a great measure, as is proved by the following
anecdote, extracted from a MS. letter in the British Mu-
seum :
"One day the last week, my lord of Arundel, and his son, my
lord Maltravers, having espied my lord of Canterbury's coach on
Barnsted Down, coming towards theirs, before they came a butt's
length short of it, both their lordships .alighted, and went a great
pace towards his grace's coach, who, when they were approached,
saidj ' What ! and must my lord Marsh;il of England tiike so great
pains to do me so much honour? Were my legs as good as my
heart, I should have met your lordships the better half of the
way.' Then my lord of Arundel replied, • It might well become an
earl Marshal to give so much respect to an Archbishop of Cautef-
bmy.' His grace, by his diet, hath so moderated his gout, as it is
now rather an infirmity than a pain. He looks fresh, and enjoys
his health, and hath his wits and intellectuals about him. So
that, if any other prelate do gape after his benefice, bis grace, per-
haps, according to the old and homely proverb, [may] eat of the
goo.se which shall graze upon his grave."' — Harl. MSS., 7000.
His grace was never married, and seems to have had a
natural antipathy to women. One day, (as Fuller tells us
in his Appeal, &c.) returning in his coach to Croydon,
from which he had been some time absent, many people,
most women, some of good quality, partly from curiosity
and novelty, crow<lcd around his coach to see him. The
archbishop, unwilling to be gazed at, and never partial to
females, exclaimed, somewhat churlishly, ""What makes
these women here?"' ''You had best," said one of them,
" shoot an arrow at us." The archbishop died at Croydon
on Sunday, August 4, 1633. His remissness in matters of
church discipline has been much censiu'ed. — Jioae'a Biog:
Diet. J JWEstrcnge^s Charles I.
For further particulars respecting this prelate, the reader
is referred to the recorded opinions of his contemporaries,
Hacket, Fuller, Osberne, Clarendon, Sanderson, Goodman,
Heylin, and others; also to L'Estrange's " Reign of King
Charles," and the Biographia Britannica.
When Grotius was sent to England upon behalf of the
"Remonstrants," he does not seem to have made a very
favoxirable impression upon the archbishop, who draws no
flattering picture of the great scholar in a letter to Sir
Ralph Winwood. (See Biog. Britannica.) Some extracts
from this curious epistle will not be uninteresting to the
reader.
"At his first coming to tho king, by reason of his good Latin
tongue, he was so tedious, and full of tittle-tattle, that the king's
judgment was of him, that he was some pedant, full of words,aud
of no great judgment. And I myself discovering that to be his
habit, as if he did imagine that every man was bound to hear him,
so long as he would talk, (which is a great burthen to men replete
with business,) did privately give liim notice thereof, th.it he
should plainly and directly deliver bis mind, or else he would
m;ike the king weary of him. This, one would think, would prove
a sufficient bint to the garrulous Hollander to repress bis loqua-
city, but it sc-ems otherwise. Afterwards he fell to it again, as was
especially observed one night at supper, at the Lord Bishop of
Ely's, whither being brought by Mr. Casanbon, (as I think.) my
lord intreated him to stay to supper, which he did. There was
present, Dr. Steward, and another civilian, unto whom he tiings
out some question of that profession, and was so full of words,
that Dr. Steward afterwards told my lord, that he did perceive by
him, that like a smattcrer, he had studied some two or three ques-
tions, whereof when he came in company, he must be talking to
vindicate his skill; but if he were put irom those, he would show
himself but a simple fellow."
What a character of tho great Grotius ! He seems to
have been a kind of ancient Coleridge, without the patient
audience, and remarkable power of attraction, which that
eminent conversationist so often enjoyed. The hospitable
prelate of Ely seems to havo been as much overwhelmed
with the tide of talk as were the guests :
" My lord of Ely. sitting still at the supper all the while, and
wondering what a man he had there, who, never being in the plft'.-o
or company before, could overwhelm with talk for so long a time.'
The archbishop was the author of the following works :
1. QucBStioues Sex, totidem Pra?lectionibus in schola The-
ologica Osonire iiro forma habitis discussEe ct disceptatc,
Anno 1597 J in quibus c Sacra Scriptura et Patribus Anti-
quissimus quid statuendum sit, definit, Oxon. 1598, 4to.
Franckfort, 1616, 4to, published by Abraham Seulotus.
2. Exposition on the Prophet Jonah, by way of Sermon,
Oxford, lC00.4to. These sermons were received with great
applause, and were reprinted in 1613. 3. A preface to the
examination of George Sprot, Tho reasons which Dr.
Hill hath brought for the upholding of Papistry, Oxon.
160-1, 4to. 4. Sermon preached at Westminster, at the
Funeral of the Earl of Dorset, IGOS, 4to. 5. Translation
of a part of the Kew Testament, with the rest of the Ox-
ABB
ABB
ford Dirino'', 1611. 6. Geography, or a Brief Description
of the Whole WorlJ, wherein is particulurly described all
the Monarchies, Empires, and Kingdoms of the same, with
their Academies, London, 1617, 4to ; 16:i6, 16i2, i2mo;
1664, 8vo; numerous editions. 7. A Short Apology for
Archbishop Abbot, touching the death of Peter Ilawkins.
8. A Treatise on the Visibility and Succession of the true
Church in all Ages, London, 1624, 4to, (anon.) 9. Narra-
tire, containing the true Cause of his Sequestration and
Disgrace at Court, in two parts, written at Ford in Kent,
1627. 10. Judgment on Bowing at the Name of Jesus,
Hamb., 1632, 8vo. 11. History of the Massacre in the
Valtoline. (See Fox's Acts.) 12 Answer to the Questions
of the Citizens of London, concerning Cheapside Cross, in
January, 1600, not printed until 1641. 1.3. The Case, Ac,
as debated in England anno 161M, in the Trial between
Kobert Earl of Essex, and the Lady Frances Howard; re-
printed in London, 1715, 12mo. We also refer the reader
to the Life of Dr. George Abbot, Lord Archbishop of Can-
terbury, reprinted with some additions and corrections
from the Diographia Britannica, with his character by the
Et, Hon. Arthur Onslow; A Description of the Hospital
which he erected and endowed, in his native town of
Guildford in Surrey ; Correct Copies of the Charter and
Statutes of the same; his Will, Ac. To which are added
the Lives of his two Brothers. Dr. Robert Abbot, and Sir
Thomas Maurice Abbot, Guilf. 1777, Svo. The exposi-
tion on Jonah
" In genuine worth is. to many works of a liko kind, as the solid
weight to the small dust of the b.ilance." — Eclectic Jieviciv.
Abbot, George, 1604-1648, nephew of the preceding.
Elected probationer fellow of Merton College, Oxford,
1624. He married a daughter of Colonel Purefoy, of
CalJecote-hall, Warwickshii-e, and defended the colonel's
house, by the help of his servants only, against Princes
Rupert and Maurice, with eighteen troops of horse. He
wrote, 1. The whole Book of Job paraphrased, London,
4to, 1640. 2. Vindiciai Sabbati, or an answer to two trea-
tises of Mr. Broad, London, 1641, 4to. 3. Brief Notes
upon the whole Book of Psalms, London, 1651, 4to. He
died February 4, 1648.
Abbot, Henry, Lecturer of St. John's the Baptist,
Bristol. Author of, 1. County Feast, a Sermon on Psalm
cxxxiii. 1, Bristol, 1703. 2. The Use and Benefit of Church
Music, towards quickening our Devotion ; on Psalm Isxxi.
12, 1724.
Abbot, Henry. The Transport's Monitor. London,
1805.
Abbot, Hull, a minister of Charlestown, Massachu-
setts, graduated at Harvard College, 1720, ordained Feb-
ruary 5, 1724, and died April 19, 1774, aged SO years. He
published the following sermons: — 1. On the Artillery
Election, 1735. 2. On the Rebellion in Scotland, 1746.
3. Against Profane Cursing and Swearing, 1747.
Abbot, John, author of a poem entitled Jesus Pre-
figured ; or a Poeme of the Holy Name of Jesus. Per-
missu Superiorum, 1623, 4to, dedicated to Prince Charles.
Nassau's Sale, No. 136, I63.
Abbot, John, many years a resident of Georgia. The
Natural History of the rarer Lepidojjterous Insects of
Georgia. Edited by Sir J. E. Smith, London, 1797, with
104 coloured plates; published at £21.
■• A sumptuous work, but in little estimation, as the platiis are
not considered accurate." — LowxDES.
Abbot, Robert, 1560-1617, elder brother to the Arch-
bishop, was educated at the same school with his brother.
Upon an oration made by him, on the day of Queen Eliz-
abeth's inauguration, he was chosen scholar of Baliol
College. In 1594, he obtained some celebrity as an author
by a book which he published against a Romanist, entitled
The Mirror of Popish SubtUties, Ac. In 1597, he was
made a doctor of divinity; in 1601, he published The
Exultation of the Kingdom and Priesthood of Christ,
being a collection of Sermons on the first part of the 110th
Psalm. King James I. was so much pleased with Dr.
Abbot's treatise, " Antichristi Demon.-iti-ati contra fabulas
Pontificius et ineptam Rob. Bellarmini de Antichi-isto dis-
putationem," that he commanded his own Commentary on
the Apocalypse to be appended to the second edition of
this treatise, which was published in 1608, Svo. In 1615
he was promoted to the see of Salisbury, and died March
2, 1617. Dr. Abbot also published, 1. A defence of the
Reformed Catholic of Mr. William Perkins, 1606, 1607,
and 1609, to which work he added a particular treatise,
entitled, The true ancient Roman Catholic. 2. Antologia
contra apologiam A. Endsemon Johannem, London, 1613,
4to, containing much curious information on the Gun-
powder Plot. 3. Lectures under the title of Excercita-
tiones do Gratia et Perscverantia Sanctorum, Lon., 1618 ;
Frank., 1619. 4. De Suprema Poteslate Begia, contra Bel-
larmiuum et Suarez, Lon., 1619. 5. A very complete Com-
mentary on the Romans, in MS., now "in the Bodleian
Library. — lime's Bio;/. Din,
Abbot, Robert, 15S5-1653, was originally of the
University of Cambridge; incorporated Master of Arts of
Oxford, .July 14, 1607. Works: 1. Scrm. on Psalm xxxi.
21, Lon., 1626. 2. Four Serms. on Judges, Matthew, and
1 Timothy, Lon., 1639. 3. Trial of our Church Forsakers
against Brownists, Lon., 1639. 4. Milk for Babes: a Cate-
chism, with three Serms., Lon., 1646. 5. Serms., entitled
The Young Man's Warnmg Piece, Prov. iv, 19, 1662.
Abbot, Robert, of Huntfield.
" There w;is about the same time a Robert Abbot of Huntfield.
mentioned by Dr. Pulteney as a learned preacher and an excellent
and diligent herbalist, who assisted the celebrated Johnson in his
works." — C'kalnu-rs's Biog. Diet.
Proljably the author of A Christian Family, buUded by
God, or Directions for Governors of Families, on Psalm
oxxvi. 1, Lou., 1653.
Abbot, T. Eastoc. Peace; aLyric Poem, Lon., 1814.
Abhot. Designs for Coaches, Ac., Lon., 1763.
Abbott, Benj. V., b. 1830, Boston; Austin, b. 1831,
Boston; and Lyman, b. 1835, Roxbury, Mass. These
three brothers, s(jns of Jacob Abbott, are engaged in the
practice of law in New York City. They are authors of
several legal works published under their copartnership-
name, "AI)bott Brothers." Admiralty Reports, 1 vol.;
N. York Practice Reports, 6 vols., (still continued ;) Forms
of Pleading under the New York Code, 1 vol. They have
also published an edition of Sedgwick on Damages, with
Notes ; and have contributed numerous legal articles to
Livingston's Law Mag., Hunt's Merchant's Mag., The Young
Men's Mag., and other periodicals. The novel Conecut
Corners, written in support of the policy of prohibitory
temperance-laws, and published under their nom de ji/ume,
"Benanly," (under which they have made many contri-
butions to current literature,) is also the joint production of
these brothers.
Abbott, Rev. Jacob, b. 1803, at Hallowell, Maine,
graduated at Bowdoin College, 1820. Mr. Alibott's prin-
cipal works are The Y'oung Christian, The Corner-Stoue,
Way to do Good, The Teacher, Hoary Head and McDonner,
Summer in Scotland, A Series of Histories of Celebrated
Sovei'eigns, and a large number of juvenile works, such as
The RoIIo Books, 28 vols. : The Franconia Stories, 10 vols. ;
Marco Paul's Adventures', 6 vols.; Haqier's Story-Books,
36 vols. ; The Little Learner Series, 5 vols., Ac. These works
have had an extensive circulation in this country, and have
nearly all been republished repeatedly, and in many diffcren t
forms, in England. Many of them have been translated
into various foreign languages both in Europe and Asia-
Sir John Williams remarks of "The Young Christian,"
"I have seldom seen a religious pubIic.ition so striking and sc
adapted for usefulness."
" Jacob Abbott's last work, ' The Way to do Good.' will, I think,
please you very much. It is delightful to read a book so good and
so sensible, — so zealous for what is valuable, so fair about what is
indifferent." — TIte late Dr. Arnold, in a letter to Sir T/iomas Parley,
"The Lite of .Makv, Qceem op Scotl.in-i>.— This is the first of a
series, and promises well for the whole." — Lon, Allien,
"The Life op IL\nsid.u. the C.uiTnAOEM.\>j is written in the
same easy style that characterizes the author's other compilations."
— Lon. Athenipitm,
Abbott, Major James, of the Bengal Artillery. 1.
T'Hakooriue; a Tale of Maandoo, Lon., 12mo. 2. Nar-
rative of a Journey from Heraut to Khiv.a, Moscow, and
St. Petersburg; 2d cd., 2 vols. Svo. See Lon. Obs., Dec. 9,
1855, and Lon. Econ., Nov. 17, for commend.itory notices.
Abbott, Rev. John S. C, brother of Rev. Jacob
Abbott, b. 1805, at Brunswick, Maine, graduated at Bowdcin
College, 1825, and at the Theological Seminary in Andover,
Mass., 1829. His principal works are The Mother at
Home, first pub. 1833; The Child at Home; Kings and
Queens ; the Histories of Marie Antoinette, .Josephine,
Mad. Roland, Cortez, Henry IV. of France, King Philip,
Sovereign Chief of the Wampanoags : these six vols,
constitute Abbott's Historical Series. The History of Na-
poleon Bonaparte, 2 vols. r. Svo, profusely illustrated. This
work has been very severely criticized, — with what justice
must bo referred to the judgment of the intelligent reader.
All of these works have had a very extensive sale. The
Mother at Home has been translated into nearly all the
languages of modern Europe, and has been republished in
Asia and Africa. It is considered one of the best exposi-
tions of the important responsibilities of which it treats.
Napoleon at St. Helena, Svo; Confidcutid Correspond-
ence of Napoleon and Josephine; History of the French
Revolution.
31
ABD
A respectable authority thus commends Mr. Abbott's
Mother at Home:
" There has never before, perhaps, issaed from the press a work
BO important to mothers as the one before us. It takes such esti-
mates of the maternal character as are OTerwhelmin^ in their so-
lemnity. The author has shown himself a master of his subject,
and he has treated it with ei^ual delicacy and force." — London
Evangelical Magazine.
Abdy, E. S. 1. Cases of Diseases cured by Cold Water,
Lon., 8vo. 2. Residence and Tour in U.S., 1333, '34, 3 vols.
p. 8vo.
Abdy, Stotherd, Archdeacon of Esses. 1. A Sermon
before the Sous of the Clergy, 1759. 2. A Sermon at a
School Feast, 1763, 3. Sermon preached at the Assizes
boldea at Chelmsford, before the Hon. Mr. Baron Perrot,
1773.
Abdy, T. A., Rector of Thoydangamon. A Sermon
preached before the Epping Troop of "West Essex, Y. C,
1797.
Abdy, Wm. Jervis, Rector of St. John's, Soutbwark.
The British Chri^^tiau's Duty to make Prayers and Suppli-
cations for the King in the Day of Trouble, a Sermon,
Psalm XK. 1-4, London, 1812.
Abdy, Mrs,, an English lady, favourably known as a
contributor to the periodical liter.ature of the day. A vol-
ume of her poems has been printed for private circulation.
Her writings are deserving of high praise for their reli-
gious spirit anil grace of style.
A Becket, Gilbert Abbott. See Becket, p. 152.
A Becket, St. Thomas. See Becket, p. 152.
Abeel, David, 1S01-1S46, b. New Brunswick, N.J., a
missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church to the East. 1.
Journal of a Residence in China, 1829-33. 2. Missionary
Conveution at Jerusalem, 183S, N. York, 12mo. 3. The
Claims of the "World to the Gospel. See Memoirs, by Rev.
G. R. WUliamson, 1S49.
Abel, Clark, M.D.,17S0-1826,principal medical officer
and naturalist to the embassy of Lord Amherst to China in
1816. Personal Observations made during the Progress of
the British Embassy through China, and on its Voyage to
and from that Country, in the Years 1816-17, 1818, 4to.
This work, valuable as it is, would have been much fuller
had not many of the doctor's papers been lost in the "Al-
ceste" on her retiu'n voyage.
Abel, Thomas. See Able.
Abell, John, an English musician. A Collection of
Songs in several Languages, London, 1701.
Abell, Mrs. L. G. Gems by the Wayside, N. York,
12mo. The Skilful Housewife's Book, N. York, 12mo.
Abercrombie, John, 1726-1806, a Scotchman, who
wrote many works on Horticulture. His first work, the
Gardener's Calendar, was published in the name of Mr.
Mawe, gardener to the Duke of Leeds. For this loan of
his name, Mr. Mawe received a gratuity of twenty guineas.
Abercrombie published fourteen works on his favourite
subject, the most important of which was The Universiil
Gardener and Botanist, or a General Dictionary of Gar-
dening and Botany, exhibiting in botanical arrangement,
according to the Linntean System, every Tree, Shrub, and
Herbaceous Plant that merits Culture, &c., London, 1778.
Abercrombie, John, M. D., 1781-1844, born at
• Aberdeen. He was deservedly esteemed in his profession,
and eriually so as a writer upon Metaphysics. He made
the physician the instructor of the philosopher, and sanc-
titiod the knowledge of the one and the meditations of the
other by the most fervent piety. With these qualifications
for usefulness, the death of Dr. Abercrombie was indeed a
public calamity. He studied in Edinburgh, and took his
degree there on June 4, 1803. He became a Fellow of the
Royal College of Surgeons in 1805. On tho decease of the
celebrated Dr. Gregory, in 1821, he began to occupy the
most prominent position as a practising and consulting
physician not only in Edinburgh, but in all Scotland.
'■ The writings of Dr. Abercrombie contribute no less to the esta-
blishment and maintenance of his fame than his very useful career
as ft practical member of his profession."
1. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases
of the Spinal Cord, Edin., 1828, 8vo.
"In this work, which is characterized by no ordinary degree
of purely scientific knowledge, he also gave an indication of the
bent ol his genius to tho study of mind and its relations to the
body."
2. Pathological and Practical Researches on the Diseases
of the Intestinal Canal, Liver, and other Viscera of the Ab-
domen, Ediu., 1828, Svo. His Inquiries concerning the In-
tellectujil Powers was published in 1830, The Philosophy
of tho Moral Feelings in 1833.
" On tho whole, this work [Intellectual Powers] must bo con-
Bldered as containing much useftil mformation. IX some of his
ABE
ftrgumcnt.s aro fnrmed with little attention to vig;our, we must re-
member that he wrote for many who cannot appreciate a courae
of re-aKoniuf; that is not conducted in a popular manner.'' — jSbrtJi
Amencaji licvkw.
Abercrombie, Patrick, M. B., 1656-1720, born at
Forfar, in Angus. His princijial work was The Martial
Achievements of the Scots Nation, EtUnburgli, 1711-15,
of which Lowndes says:
" The first volume abounds in the marvellous, hut the second is
valuable on account of its accurate information respecting the
British history in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Ros-
hurgh, £5. 7. G."'
Abercromby, David, a Scotchman, the author of a
number of medical works, published from 16S4-S7,
Abercromby, David, supposed to be the same as the
preceding, wrote, 1. Protestancy to be embraced, or a Me-
thod to reduce Romanists from Popery to Protestancy,
London, 16S2. 2. A Moral Discourse on the power of
Interest, London, 1690-94. and 1744.
Aberdeen, George, Earl of. An Inquiry into the
Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture, Lond., 1822.
Aberdour, Alexander. Observations on Small Pox,
&c., Edinburgh, 1791.
Abcrncthie, Thomas, sometime a Jesuit. 1. Ab-
juration of Popery, Edinburgh, 16.58. 2. His Speech,
wherein is discovered tho Villany and Hellish Plots,
wrought in the Pope's Court, against these our Three King-
doms, London, 1G41.
Abernethy, John, Bishop of Caithness. Christian
and Heavenly Treatise concerning Physicke for the Soule.
London, 1622.
Abernethy, John, 1680-1 740, born at Colerainc, died
at Dublin, a Presbyterian divine, and noted for his zeal iu
the cause of the Protestant religion.
" lie was aburning and a shining light in his day. Polished in
manners, possessing a rich fund of intelligence, with uncommon
powers of conversation. »S:c.. he was esteemed and admii'ed as a
man, in the private intercourse of life." — .Tamieson.
His Sermons on the Being and Perfections of God were
widely celebrated, as is evinced by the many editions which
have been printed. Four volumes of Posthumous Sermons
were published in 174S, 1751, with a life of the author
prefixed,
*' For solidity of ar^ment, strength and clearness of reasoning,
and justness of sentiment, the Discourses on the Attnbutes are
equal, if not superior, to any tiling of the kind iu the iinglish lan-
guage."— Protestant Pi-eacher.
These Discourses wore published, London, 1740, &(;.
Abernethy, John, 1763-1831, Surgeon to St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital, London, and Teacher of Anatomy
and Surgery. His birthplace is a matter of doubt; either
the town of Abernethy in Scotland, or Derry in Ireland.
He was sixteen years of age when apprenticed to Mr.
(afterwards Sir Charles) Blick, then Surgeon to St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital. At the age of twenty-two, he was
appointed Assistant Surgeon, andat the death of Sir Charles
Blick he succeeded to the principal post. In 1793, he
commenced his series of physiological and surgical essays,
which in 1797 were combined into an Svo volume. In
1784, he published part of his Surgical Observations, con-
taining a classification of tumours, with cases to illustrate
the history of each species, &e., and two years afterwards,
Part Second appeared, presenting an account of disorders
of tho health in general, and of the digestive organs in
particular, which accompany local diseases and obstruct
their cure. In 1809, he gave to the public his work on the
Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Disease,
and on Aneurism. A separate volume was likewise pub-
lished by him on Diseases resembling Syphilis, and In-
juries of the Head; as also, (in 1814,) An Inquiry into
the Probability and Rationality of Hunter's Theory of
Life, in which he embodied the substance of the first two
lectures ho delivered before the College of Surgeons, as
their professor, and wlxsrcin he maintained and illustrated
the doctrines of his great master. He expired at his coun-
try residence at Enfield, April 20, 1831. His disease
was asthma, (complicated probably with diseased heart,
although ho attributed much to the stomach,) and conso-
quent dropsy. His body was not examined, in accordance,
as it is understood, with his own desire. As a surgeon,
Abernethy was surpassed by none of his contemporaries.
Hunter had previously proposed and practised the appli-
cation of ligature on the femoral artery for the cure of
popliteal aneurism; and this principle was further and
successfully extendt'd by Abernethy to the external iliac
and carotid arteries, in the treatment of the same disease in
some of their offsets. His simple and impressive style of leo-
turing never failed to enchain the attention of his audience;
while a certain degree of dogm'atism and contempt of those
ABE
ABR
who differed fmra him had too much the effect of render-
ing his hearers any thintrbut humbie-uiindcd in their judg-
ment of others. In his writings, as in his lectures, his
ptyle is clear, simple, and concise. — Rose's New liiofj. Did.
His great success in life must be, in a great measure, attri-
buted to his having directed the attention of the public to
the influence of derangement of the organs of digestion
on all the diseases to which flesh is heir. This view of the
subject was not altogether novel, but the profession had
not paid sufficient attention to it. Abernetby always op-
posed, with great zeal, the artificial line of demarcation
drawn between surgery and medicine ; he considering the
two sciences as "one and indivisible." Let the reader
imagine a snug, elderly, sleek, and venerable-looking man,
approaching seventy years of age. rather below than above
the middle height, somewhat inclined to corpulency, and
still upright in his carriage, with his hair most primly
powdereil, and nicely curled round his brow and temples.
Let them imagine such a person habited in sober black,
with his feet thrust carelessly in a pair of unlaced half-
boots, and his hands deposited in the pockets of his "pe-
culiars," and they have the '* glorious John" of the pro-
fession before their eyes. — Phi/xic a]}d Phi/>ttciini8. Abcr-
nethy's rudeness of manner is well known, and was a great
blemish in the character of one who really possessed a
most benevolent heart. We subjoin some anecdotes of this
eminent physician, collected from various sources.
His eccentricities disgusted so many patients, that Sir
Astley Cooper used to say. " Abernethy's manner was
worth a thousand a year to /ji'wi."
Some of his patients he would cut short with — " Sir, I
have heard enough ! You have heard of my book ?"
" Yes." '' Then go home and read it." To a lady com-
plaining of low 3jiirits, he would say, " Don't come to me !
Go and buy a skipping-rope !" iSonietimes, however, he
met with his match : — Cutting a gentleman, one day, short,
the patient suddenly locked the door, slipped the key into
his pocket, and protested he would be heard ; which so
pleased Abernetby, that he not only complied with the
patient's wishes, but complimented him on the resolute
manner he adopted.
He was a great enemy to prolix explanations on the part
of his patients. *' People come here," he would often say,
"to consult me, and they will torture me with their long,
foolish, fiddle-de-dee stories ; so we quarrel ; and then they
blackguard me all about this busy town ; but I can't help
that." A lady, determined to treat him after his own
fashion, having in some way injured her thumb, on enter-
ing his room, merely thrust it out towards him, with — " My
thumb, sir !" " You, madam," said he, " are the only sen-
Eibje woman I ever had for a patient."
The l)uke of W , having insisted on seeing him out
of his usual hours, abruptly entered his parlour one day;
he asked him how he got into the room. " By the door,"
was the reply. " Then," said Abernetby, " I recommend
you to make your exit by the same way." He refused to
attend George the Fourth until he had delivered his lecture
at the hospital; in consequence of which he lost a royal
ap])ointmeot.
On Abernethy's receiving the appointment of Professor
of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Physi-
cians, a professional friend observed to him that they
should have something new, "What do you mean?"
asked Abernetby. '* Why," said the other, " of course you
will brush up the lectures which you have been so long de-
livering at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and let us have
them in an improved fnrm." " Do you take me for a fool
or a knave?" rejoined Abernetby. " I have always given
the students at the hospital that to which they were enti-
tled— the best produce of my mind. If I could have made
my lectures to them better, I would certainly have made
them so. I will give the College of Surgeons precisely the
same lectures, down to the smallest details ; nay, I will tell
the old fellows how to make a pimltiee." Soon after, when
he was lecturing to the students at St. Bartholomew's, and
adverting to the College of Surgeons, he chucklingly ex-
claimed. " I told the big wigs how to make a poultice."
It is said, by those who have seen it, that Dr. Abernethy's
explanation of the art of making a poultice was irresisti-
bly entertaining. His hobby rt-tained full possession of
his mind to the end of his life. He attributed, as we have
Been, his disease in a great measure to the stomach. He
said, '* It is all stomach : we use our stomach ill when we
are young, and it uses us ill when we are old."
He wrote for Dr. Rees's Cyclopaedia the anatomical and
physiological articles, from the letter A to the word Canal ;
of which that on Artery is considered the most important.
—Georgian Era / *^ Physic and Pfiysiciaim."
The following is a list of his works: — 1. Surgical and
Physiological Pl-^says. London, 1793-97, three parts. 2.
Surgical Obsicrvations, containing a Classification of Tu-
mours, with cases to illustrate the History of each Species.
An account of Diseases which strikingly resemble the Ve-
nereal Disease, and various Cases illustrative of difl'erent
Surgical Subjects. London, 1804. 3. Surgical Observa-
tions, Part Second, containing an Account of the Disorders
of the Health in general, and of the Digestive Organs in
particular, which accompany Local Diseases, and obstruct
their cure. Observations on the diseases of the Urethra,
particularly of that part which is surrounded by the Pros-
tate Gland : and observations relative to the Treatment
of one species of the Ntevi Materna*, London, ISOG, 1816.
The four following articles may be considered as an en-
larged edition of this and the preceding : 4. Surgical Ob-
servations on the Constitutional Origin and Treatment of
Local Diseases, and on Aneurisms, London, 1809; third
edition, ISl.S. 5. Surgical Observations, Part Second,
containing Observations on the Origin and Treatment of
Pseudo-syphilitic Diseases, and on Diseases of the Urethra,
London. 1810. 6. Surgical Observations on Injuries of
the Head, and other Miscellaneous Subjects. London, 1810,
7. Surgical Observations on Tumours, and on Lumbar Ab-
scess. London, 1811. This and the preceding are intended
to form two volumes. 8. An Inquiry into the Probability
and Rationality of Mr. Hunter's Theory of Life, being the
subject of the first two Anatomical Lectures before the
Royal College of Surgeons. London, 1814. 9. The Intro-
ductory Lecture for the year 1815, exhibiting some of Mr.
Hunter's Opinions respecting Diseases; delivered belore
the Royal College of Surgeons, London, ISlo. 10. Phy-
siological Lectures, 1817. Surgical Works, anew edition,
1815. 11. An Account of a singular Disease in the Upper
Maxillary Sinus. Trans. Med. et Chir. 2p. 309, 1800. 12.
Account of Two Instances of Uncommon Formations in
the Viscera of the Human Body. Phil. Trans., 1793, Abr.
18p. 295. 13. Observations on the Foramen Thebe.^ii of
the Heart. Phil. Trans., 1798, Abr. 18p. 287. 14. Some
Particulars in the Anatomy of the AVhale. Phil. Trans.
IV. 179ti, Abr. 18p. 675. The celebrated "My Book," to
which he was so fond of referring his patients, was the
" Surgical Observations, &c." (See Nos. 2 and 3 above.) He
thus addresses a patient, "Well, sir. as to the question of
diet, I must refer you to my book. There are only about
a dozen pages, in which you will find (beginning at page
73) all that is necessary for you to know. I am christened
* Doctor My-Book,^ and satirized under that name all over
England; but who would sit and listen to a long lecture
of twelve pages, or remember one-half of it when it is
done? So I have redui-eil my directions into writing, and
there they are, for anybody to follow, if they please."
The reader should jirocure Mr. George Macilwain's Me-
moirs of John Abernetby, with a view of his Writings,
Lectures, and Character, London, 2 vols., p. Svo. 1853.
'■ Abernethy's memory is worthy of a jrond bio-iraplier, and hap-
pily it has found one. Mr.Macilwain writes well: and. evidently,
inpivint; the historj' of his deceased friend he executed a labour
of love." — London Stundard.
Abingdon, Earl of. See Bkrtie. Willotohht.
Abiniidon, or Abington, or Ilabington, Thomas.
Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Chichester and
Litchfield, London, 1717. Reprinted under the title of
Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, to which
are added the Antiquities of the Cathedrals of Chichester
and Litchfield, London. 1723.
Abin^ton, William. See Habington.
Able or Abel, Thomas, an English divine, executed
at Smithfield, temp. Henry VIII., 1540. The title which
follows sufficiently explains the offence given to the king;
to which Aide added the still further provocation of de-
nying the king's supremacy in matters ecclesiastical :
1. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catheriuse
matrimonio, luvicta Veritas. An Answer that by no man-
ner of means it may be lawful for the King to be divorced
from the Queen's Grace, his lawful Wife. The king did
not, as in the case of Luther, attempt to confute Dr. Able
by polemical arguments, but this being a question where
the sword was likely to be more powerful than the pen,
his majesty brought into requisition a logic which has
never failed to silence — if not convince. Dr. Abie's rea-
soning may have been perfect, but he argued at a disad-
vantage. Between a syllogism and an axe the contest is
unequal. The king gained his point, fur he was divorced,
and remarried; while good Dr. Able sealed his testimony
at Smithfield.
Abrabanel, Solomon. Complaints of the Children
of Israel, Ac, London, 1736. This refers to the Test Act.
ABR
ADA
Abraham, J, H., Juvenile Essays, &c., London, 1806.
Acca, died 740. In the course of his numerous writ-
ings. Bede introduces the names of several of his literary
friends, most of whom, as we learn from other sources,
were eminently distinf;;uished for their learning and virtues.
Many of the most important of his commentaries on the
Scriptures were composed at the desire of Acca. Bishop
of Hexham, and dedicated to that prelate. Acca was a
man of considerable learning, and great piety ; he bad re-
ceived his first instructions among the congregation of
scholars assembled around Bishop B'tsa, and he quitted
their society to place himself under Wilfred, who ordained
him a presbyter. He continued to be one of Wilfred's
most faithful followers until his death, accompanied him
on his last journey to Rome, (where he finished his studies,)
and was chosen to succeed him iu the see of Hexham.
Bede describes the zeal with which he laboured to adorn
and enlarge his church, and to enrich it with "a most
ample and noble library." In 731, when Bede completed
his history, Acca is mentioned as still holding the bishop-
ric of Hexham; but soon afterwards, in 732 or 733, he was
driven from it for some cause now unkn<jwn. He seems
to have retired to Whitern, (Candida Casa.) where he re-
mained a few years. The date of his death is uncertain;
but the best authorities place it on the twentieth of Oc-
tober, 740, when his body wjis carried to Hexham, to be
buried in the church which owed to him so much of its
beauty. Bale and Pits have so far misunderstood the
words of Bede, as to attribute to Acca a collection of lives
of the saints whose relics were deposited in the church of
Hexham, aud a treatise, *' De ecclesiasticis sui chori ofii-
ciis." On the same authority also, Leyser places the name
of Acca in the list of mediaival Latin poets. Leland speaks
as having seen a collection of his letters, one of which,
addressed to Bede, is still preserved, in which he urges
that scholar to devote his learning to the illustration of
the Scriptures. — Abbreviated from \Vn'f/ht''8 Bioif. lin't. Lit.
Accuin, Frederick, 1709-1838, born at Westphalia,
teacher of practical chemistry, pharmacy, and mineralogy,
London. 1. System of Theoretical and Practical Che-
mistry, plates, 2 vols., 1803. 2. A Practical Essay on the
Analysis of Minerals, exemplifying the best methods of
analyzing ores, earths, stones, inflammable fossils, and mi-
neral substances in general, 1804. 3. A Mamuil of Ana-
lytical Mineralogy, intended to facilitate the Practical
Analysis of minerals, 2 vols., 1808. 4. A Practical Trea-
tise on Gas-lights, exhibiting a summary Description of the
Apparatus and Machinery best calculated for illuminating
streets, houses, and manufactories, illustrated with seven
coloured plates, 1815. 6. Chemical Recreati«uis. 6. A
Practical Essay, or Chemical lie-agents, or Tests, illus-
trated by a series of experiments, ISKJ. 7. Chemical
Amusements, comprising a series of curious and instructive
Experiments in Chemistry, 1817. In addition to these
works, Mr. Accum was the author of many contributions
to Nicholson's Journal.
Achard. Remarks on Swallows, Ac, Phil. Trans.
Achard. Treatises on Chemistry, 1784.
Achard, F. C. Cultivation of the Beet; Phil. Trans.
Acherley, Roger. 1. Britannic Cnnstitutiou ; or,
The Fundamental Form of Government in Britain, dcmou-
stratiug the original contract entered into by the King and
People, Lon., 1727. 2. The Free Parliament, 1731, 8vo. 3.
Reasons for Uniformity in the State: being a Supplement
to the Britannic Constitution. 1780, 8vo.
AchesoHC, James. Military Garden, Edin., 1629.
Ackiu, Joseph. Mysteries of Counterfeiting, 1096.
Acklaud, J. True Patriotism, 1818.
Ackland, J., a political economist. An Answer to a
Pamphlet published by Edward King, Esq., iu which he at-
tempts to prove the Public Utility of the National Debt; a
confutation of that pernicious doctrine, and a true state-
ment of the real cause of the present high price of pro-
visions, 1796.
Acklaud, Thomas Gilbank, of St. John's College.
Cambridge, author of Miscellaneous Poems, 1812. Two
Sermons, ])ublished 1789, 1813.
Ackworth, George, LL.D. an English divine and
civilian, tein[). Qiici-'u Jlary. He assisted Archbishop
Parker in his Autinuitatos BritannicEe. and wrote against
the Uoman Catholie Church. His works were published,
15G2, 1573, 1577.
Acland, Hugh Dyke, A Brief sketch of the History
and Present Situation of tlm Vaudtds, 1825.
Acres, Joseph. Author of sundry sermons, London,
1714-28.
Acryse, L. Church Catechism explained, Lond., 1702.
Acton, E. de. Published sundry novels, 1803-10.
34
Acton. Fruit from Canaan, London, 1709.
Actou, George, Medical writer, published London,
1668-70.
Actou, Henry. Six Lectures on the Dignity, OflSce,
and Work of our Lord Jesus Christ. In explanation of
Unitarian views of the Gospel, 12mo., London, 1830.
Actou, J. Ct)ntributor to Nich. Journal.
Acton, S. Published sundry sermons, 1714-17.
Actou, T, Herman, of the Middle Temple. Reports
of cases argued and determined before the Commissioners
of Appeals in prize causes ; also, an appeal to the king in
Council, concerning the judgments in June, 1809, vol, i.,
part i., 1809; vol. i., part ii., 1811.
Actou, W. A new Journal of Itjily, Lond. 1691,1794.
Acton,Williani, late Surgeon at Islington Dispensary,
Diseases of the Urinary and Generative Organs in botK
Sexes: Non-Specitic Diseases; Syphilis, Lon., 8vo; 2d ed.
AcTiIeus. Letters on the Cow-Pox. 1805.
Adair. A Sketch of the Character of the late Duke
of Devonshire, London, 1811.
Adair, James, died 1798, Sergeant^at-Law, M.P.
1. Thoughts on the Dismission of OflRcers for their con-
duct in Parliament, 1764. 2. Observations on the Power
of Alienation in the Crown, 17GS. 3. Discussions of the
Law of Libels, 1785.
Adair, James, a trader and resident among the
North American Indians for 40 years. He published the
History of the American Indians, particularly those na-
tions adjoining the Mississippi, East and West Florida,
South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia, London, 1775.
Mr. Adair espouses the opinion that the North American
Indians are descended from the Hebrews.
Adair, James Makittrick, M.D.. 1728-1802. wag
born at Inverness. He resided lor some time in the AVest
Indies, and took much interest in the exciting question
of the Abolition of Slavery. His kindness to the slaves
was so marked as to gain their warmest aS'ections. He
was a most determined opponent of quackery, and thereby
became involved iu many controversies. Philip Thick-
nesse and Adair, either no mean hand at a quarrel, took
\\\i the cudgels against each other. He wrote a number
of medical and miscelhineous wiirks.
Adair, John. A hydrographer: pub. 1688-1703.
Adair, Robert, M."P. A poetical writer, 1796-1802.
Adair, W, James. A lawyer and native of London,
author of several legal treatises, 1764-I7S5.
Adair, WiUiam. A medical writer, 1793.
Adalard is only known as one of the early biogra-
phers of Dunstan, who probably brought him over from
Ghent, as he states that he was a monk of the same
monastery in which Dunstan had found an asylum during
his exile. He dedicated his Life of Dunstan to Archbishop
Alfheh, at whose desire it w^as written, and who was
raised to the see of Canterbury in 1006. Adalard's Life
of Dunstan is called in some manuscripts an " Eulogium ;"
it is, in fact, ratlier a commeumrative sermon thiin a his-
tory, and is written in a declamatory style. — ^'riyht'a
Bin',. Brit. lit.
Adam, Alexander, LL.D., 1741-1809, Rector of
the High School of Edinburgh. An excellent scholar, as
his works on Ancient Geogriiphy and on Ronmn Antiqui-
ties suificiently prove. The Summary of Geography and
History was first published, Edinburgh, 1784. Roman An-
tiquities, Edinburgh, 1791. The latter work is preferred
to Dr. Kennet's on the same subject.
Adam, Archibald, M.D. Medical contributor to
Phil. Trans.
Adam, Deau. A Funeral Sermon, 1766.
Adam, or Adams, James. Practical Essays on
AgriL-uUure, London, 1789, 2 vols., and 1794, 2 vols.
Adam, John. A writer on Mathematics, London,
1794. Ac.
Adam, Robert, 1728-1792, an architect of much
note. His father, iilso nn architect, sent him to the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, where he made the acquaintance of
Hume, Robertson, &c. He went to Italy, and profited by
his diligent observation. Desirous of obtaining a know-
ledge of the fiubitatinm of the ancients, in 1757 he
visited, with M. Clcrisseau, the ruins of Dioclesian's
palace at Spalatro. The result of this visit was given to
the world in 1764, in Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor
Dioclesiuu. at Spalatro, in Dalmatia, illustrated with 71
plates. In 17G2 he received the appointment of Architect
to their Miijcstics. In conjunction with his brother. Mr.
James Adam, he published several numbers of a book en-
titled The AVorks in Architecture of R. aud J. Adam.
These contain descriptions of Siou-house, Caen-Wood,
Lecton Park-house, and some edifices at Whitehall, Edin-
ADA
ADA
burgh, Ac, 4 parts, 1773-76. His buildings in Edin- !
burgh and Glasgow have been much commended. The
Adelphi and Portland Place in London are specimens of
the taste of Mr. R. Adam. In the former he was assisted
by his brother James, who died in 1794. I
Adanif Robert, B.A., Minister of the Episcopal con- ^
gregatiun. Blackfriars Wynd. Edinburgh. The Religious
World Displayed, «fec., Edinburgh, iSUy. 1
"Generally crirref-t and candid, thouirh with a natural leaning
to the i-piscopal Churih of Scotland, of which the author was a
member." — Eiangdical Magazine. \
Adam Scotus, or the Scotchman, died IISO. was a
monk of the order of Premontre, and a faumus Sorbimne
doctor, Ue wrote the Life of David I. of Scutlaud, who
died 1153. Many of his works are still in MS. A selec-
tion was printed in Antwerp in 1669.
Adam De Marisco, {of the Marsh.) date of birth
and death unknown. Born in Somersetshire, England;
studied at Oxford, and became famous for his learning.
He was a friend of Robert Grossteste and Roger Bacon.
Many of his works exist in MS. A copy of his letters,
very curious and interesting, is in the British Museum.
Adam ol' Murimouth, an English historian of the
fourteenth century, was educated at Oxford, and after-
wards a cau(m of St. Paul's, London. His history com-
prehends only a portion of the fourteenth century.
"It was printed at Oxford in 1722, by Anthony I!;dl: and a
small portion was edited by Thomas Uearue. who was ij.'nrTant of
its autbnr. and trave it anonymously in the appendix to the His-
tory of Walter Heuiinjrford, printed at Oxford in 1731." — Hose's
Biog. IHr.
Adam, Thomas, 1701-1784, born at Leeds, was for
58 years the rector of Wintringham, Lincolnshire. No
offers of preferment conld induce him to relinquish his
charge. He was the author of a number of religious
works. The Exposition of St. Matthew's Gospel was
published in 1S05, and in 1837 the Rev. A. Westoby added
tn the above the notes on St. Mark, St. Luke, and St.
John, and prefixed to the work a life of the author.
" Perhaps few werti better fitted to write a practifal expt^rimental
commentary on any jKirt of the Scriptures than this auttior, whose
pregnant briefness of remark, and deep acquaintance with experi-
mental reli;^ion, would preserve him from iM'olixity, and enable
him to present the most usi-t'iil view of the subject to the mind.
The present posthumous work will he found characterized by all
the bt'St peculiarities of the author." — LWord.
The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home, a most competent
judge in the premises, gives this high character to '• The
Exposition :"
''Ih'evity of remark, fervent piety, and intimate acquaintance
with the human heart, characterize this Exposition of the Four
Gospels."
" Such a writer as Mr. Adam takes us out of our ordinaiy track
of reading and reflection, and shows us ourselves. He scrutinizes
the whole soul, dissipates the false jrlare which is apt to mislt-ad
the jud[:^ient; exposes the imperfectioii.s of what is apparently
most pure and inviting; and thus teaches us to make our reliiiion
more and more spiritual, holy, solid, practical, humble, and sin-
cere."— Rev. Daniel Wilson,
''This work has heen justly pronounced a masterly and excel-
lent exposition."
Adam, William, Esq., Chancellor and Keeper of the
Great Seal. The Correspondence between Mr. Adam and
Mr. Bowles respecting the Duke of Bedford, London.
1794. A number of Mr. Adam's speeches in the House
of Commons have been published.
Adaniiian is supposed to have been a native of Ire-
land, but the date of his birth is not knowu.
Editions of Adamnan's works : — 1. Canisii Antiquse
Lectiones, 4to, 1601, torn. iv. Edward Basnage, ful. Ant-
werp, 1725, tom. i., p. 678. The Life of St. Columba. 2.
Adamanni Scotohiberni Abbatis celeberrimi, de Situ Terrse
Sanctae, et quorundam aliorum locorum ut Alexandriae et
Constantinopolcos, Libri tres. Ante annos nougentos et
amplius conscripti, et nunc primum in lucem prolati,
studio Jacobi Gretseri Societatis Jesu Theologi. Accessit
eorundem librorum Breviarinm, seu Compendium, brovia-
tore venerabili Beda Presbytero, cum prolegomenis et
notis. Small Quarto, Ingolstadt, 1619. 3. Messingham,
Florilegium Insulao Sanctorum seu Vitae et Acta Sancto-
rum Uiberniae, fol., Paris, 1624, p. 141. The life of St-
Columba, reprinted from Canisius, who edited it from a
MS. at Windberg, in Bavaria. 4. Colgau, Triadis Thau-
maturgte seu Divorum Patricii, Columbae, et Brigidte,
trium veteris et majoris Scotite, seu Hibernian Sanctorum
insulse, commnninm ]>atronorum Acta, fol., Lovanii. 1647,
tom. ii., p. '.ySCy. The Life of Columba, from a MS. at
Angst, exhibiting a more complete and better text than
that of Canisins. 5. Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene-
dicti. Sa^culnm III., pars secunda, fob, Paris, 1672.
The treatise De Locis Sanctis, from (iretser's edition, com-
pared with three MSS. 6. Acta Sanctorum Junii, tom. ii.,
fob, Antverpia-, 169S, p. 197. The Life of Columba, re-
printed from Colgan. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog.
Adams, Abigail, wife of John Adams, second Presi-
dent of the United States of America, and mother of John
Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States. Her
grandson. Charles Francis Adams, q. v., has published a
collection of her Letters; fourth edition, Bost., 1S4S, 12mo.
Adams, Amos, 1727-75, minister at Roxbnry, Mas.sa-
chusetts, was graduated at Harvard College, 1752. Ho
published a number of sermons, 1756-09. lu two dis-
courses on the General Fast, April 6, 1769, he gave A
Concise Historical View of the Difficulties, Hardships,
and Perils, which attended the planting and progressive
improvement of New England, with a particular Account
of its long and destructive Wars, expensive Expeditions,
&c. : republished in London. 1770.
Adams, C. Edgar Clifton, 16mo, 1S54; Boys at
Home, 16mo, New York, 1S54.
Adams, Charles B., I814-185.3,an American natural-
ist, has published a number of papers on Conohology.
Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, New York, 1S52,
4to and 8vo.
Adams, Charles Francis, son of John Quincy
Adams, born 1S07, Boston, Massachusetts. Editor "Let-
ters of Mrs. Adams," fourth edition, 1848. Ed. " Letters
of John Adams, addressed to his Wife." Ed. "Life and
Works of John Adnms," 10 vols., 8vo. Mr. Adams has
rendered great service to American literature, in the pre-
paration of the voluminous and highly-important works
of his grandfather.
Adams, Eliphalet, 1676-1753, a minister of New
London, Connecticut, published sundry sermons, 17(19-27.
Adams, Francis. Plans for raising the Taxes.
London, 1798.
Adams, Francis. Writing Tables, 1594.
Adams, George. Several religious works, Lon.
Adams, George, father and son. Lectures, Lon.,
1794. 5 vols. Svo; new ed., enlarged by William Jones,
1799, 5 vols. Svo. Various treatises on mathematical in-
struments. »fcc.. Lon., 1747-95.
Adams, George. New System of Agriculture and
Feeding Stock, Lon.. ISIO.
Adams, Hannah, 1755-1S.S2, b. at Medfield, Mass,
Believing that a work upon a comprehensive plan which
should give the history of the various religions of the world
was much wanted, she undertook to compile one, — which
was published under the title of View of Religion, in three
parts: Part 1, containing An Alphabetical Compendium
of the Denominations among Christians; 2, A Brief Ac-
count of Paganism. Mohammedanism, Judaism, and Deism;
3, An Account of the Religion of the Different Nations of
the World. She also wrote: 2. A History of New England.
3. The Evidences of Christianity.
Adams, H. C. 1. New Greek Delectus, Lon., 12mo;
new ed., 1857. 2. Greek Text of the Gospels, p. Svo. 3.
Latin Delectus, 12mo. 4. First of June, 1S56, 12mo. 5.
Greek Exercises. 6. Sivan the Sleeper, 1857, 12mo
Adams, H. G. 1. British Butterflies, Lon., 16nio 2.
Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 3. Sacred Poetical Quotations,
12mo. 4. Favourite Soug Birds; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 5.
Kentish Coronal, 12mo. 6. Nests and Eggs of British
Birds; 1st and 2d Scries, 16mo. 7. Story of the Seasons j
2d ed., 1855. Other works.
Adams, or Adam, James. Practical Essays on
Agriculture, Lou., 17N9. 2 vols.: 1794.
Adams, James. The Pronunciation of the English
Language vindicated from im[iuted Anomaly ami Citprice,
Edin., 1799 : and other works.
Adams, John. 1. Index Villaris ; or, An Exact Register,
aljilKibcticallv digested, of all the Cities. &c. in England
and Wules. Lon., 1680. '88, 1700. 2. The Renowned City of
London surveyed and illustrated in a Latin poem; trans-
lated into English by W. F.. of Gray's Inn, Lon., 1670.
Reprinted in vol. x. of the Uarleian Miscellany.
Adams, John, d. 17J9, Provost of King's College,
a native of London, and a very eloquent preacher, pub. a
number of serms.. Lon., 1700-16.
Adams, John. The Young Sea-Officer's Assistant,
both in bis Examination and Voyage, 1773.
Adams, John, Master of the Academy at Pnltney. A
View of Universal History, 1795. He wrote many other
useful edin_'ation;il works,
Adams, John. Works on Horsemanship, Lon., 1799.
Adams, John. The Young Ladies' and Gentlemen's
Atlas. Lon., 1805.
Adams, John, F.L.S., a writer on Conchology, 1797-
1800.
35
ADA
ADA
Adams, John, T704-1740. son of John Atlams, of Nova
Scotia, graduuted at Harvard College, 1721. A volume of
bis poems was published at Bo.ston, 1745. Ho is stated to
have been the " master of nine languages, and conversant
with Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and Spanish authors."
— AlUti's Amer. Biofj. Vict.
Adams, John, 1735-1826, second President of the
United St.-ites of America, was born at Braintree, Mass.
'' His father determined to give him a collegiate education, and
placed him in consequence under the care of Mr. Marsh, that he
might be prepared for entrance into the University of Cambridge.
He renndned in that institution until the year 1766. when he re-
ceived his Bachelor's degree, and, in 1758, that of Master of Arts."
In 1765, be published in the Boston Gazette several
pieces, which were reprinted in London, in 1768, by Mr.
Thos. Hollis, and called by him A Dissertation on Canon
and Feudal Law. He also wrote certain pieces for the
Boston Ga7.ett«, under the anonymous signature of Nov-
anglus, which were inserted in Almon's Remembrancer.
These papers were afterwards collected and pub. in Lon-
don, in a pamphlet entitled A History of the Quarrel be-
tween Great Britain and the American Colonies; A Defence
of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of
America against the attack of Mr. Turgot in his letter to
Dr. Price dated March 22, 1778, Lon.. 1787, '88. Thiswork
was reprinted by Stockdale in 1794, who prefi.xed to it the
title of History "of the Principal Republics of the World.
"This is both a learned and a judicious work. The writings of
Mr. Adams are less known in this country than their merit de-
mands."— Eo^e^s New Biag. Ih'ct.
Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political
History, by an American Citizen, Bost., 1805. This work
was compiled from articles in the Gazette of the United
States written by Mr. Adams in 1790. For a complete list
of Mr. Adams's pamphlets, Ac, sec Life and Works of John
Adams, second President of the United States; edited by
his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, lOvols.Svo, 1850-56.
" Tlie collection is edited by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams, the
depositary of all the manuscripts as weil of John Adams as of his
father, the late.Iohn Quincy Ad.imR, and is intended as the first of
two great publications elucid-iting the history of the rise and
progress of these United States from the year 17G1. in which tlie
Hevolutiouary struggle first began, down to the year 1848, when
the yoimger Adams died."
" Of the writings of our Revolutionary worthies none have been
presented to the public witli so much ability, care, ami good faith
as those of John Adams. The main portion of the labor devolved
on Charles Francis Adams, who has devoted to it several years, and
has set an example of thorough research and sound judgment
which cannot he too highly commended." — Dr. Rufus W. tiRlswoLD.
" A contribution to the materials of American history not second
in importance and interest to any of the great publications with
which it is most obviously to be compared." — iV. jiiywr. Hev.
Letters to his Wife, Bost., 1841, 2 vols. 12mo. See Adams,
Charles Francis.
Mr. Adams and Mr. Jeflferson, by a remarkable coinci-
dence, expired on the same day, July 4, 1826, the anni-
versary of American Independence, which they both had
so large a share in promoting.
Adams, John. 1. The Doctrine of Equity: being a
commentary of the law as admiuistered by the Court of
Chancery, Lon., 8vo; 3d Amer. ed., with the Notes and
References to the previous ed., by J. R. Ludlow and J. M.
Collins; .and Additional Notes and References to recent
English and American Decisions, by Henry Wharton,
Phila., 1855, 8vo. The text-book at Cambridge Law-
School, William and Mary College, Cincinnati Law-
School, University of Virsiuia, University of Mississippi,
Ac. See Colli.ns, John M. 2. Treatise on the Principles
and Practice of the Action of Ejectment, Lon., 8vo; with
.\mer. Notes and Precedents, by J. L. Tillinghast and T.
W. Gierke; with Additional Notes, by Wm. Uogan and T.
W. Waterman. N. York. 1854, 8vo.
Adams, Captain John. Sketches taken during two
Voyages to Africa, Ac, Lon., 1S33, Svo.
" AvaluKblo little work."— Low.NUES.
Adams, John Couch, b. 1817, Cornwall, Eng., a dis-
tinguished astroninner, contrib. many valuable papers to
Mem. Ast. Soc, Phil. Tran.s., Ac.
Adams, Rev. John Greenleaf,b,lS10, Portsmouth,
New Hampshire. Practical Hints to Uuiversalists. Chris-
tian Victor. Edited and contrib. to " (3ur Day; a Gift for
the Times." Also, in connexion with Rev. E. U. Chapin,
The Fountain, a Gilt for Temperance: and Hymns for
Christian Devotion. Editor of Gosptl Teacher, Ac.
Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848, sixth President
of the United States, was b. .Inly 11. at Quincy, Mass., son
of John Adams, second President of the U. States. At the
ago of ten he accompanied his iatber to Euroi)e, and, under
his eye, prosecuted his studies during the greater part of
the ensuing ten years, b«ing part of the timo at school in
Leyden, and a part accomp.anying Mr. Dana on his
mission to St. Petersburg, acting as Secretary and French
interpreter. Again he was sent to Europe, in 1795, ou a
public mi.ssion to Holl.and. I'rom thence he was trans-
ferred to Berlin, where he passed four years, in the last of
which he made a journey through Silesia. His letters were
collected by Mr. Asbury Dickens and published without
authority in London in 1804. They were trans, into Ger-
man by F. G. Fricse, with remarks by F. A. Zimmerman,
and pti'b. at Breslan, 1805 ; trans, into French by J. Dupuy,
Paris. 1807. Mr. A. trans, the work of Frederick de Gentz,
entitled The Origin and Principles of the American Revo-
luti(ui ic.mpared with the Origin and Principles of the
French Revolution, Phila., Svo. He also trans. Wieland's
Oberon, MS. Of his numerous productions the principal
are A Report on Weights and Measures made to Congress,
Wash., !S18.Svo; Lectureson Rhetoric and Oratory, Camb.,
2 vols. 8vo; DermotMcMorrogh, an Historical Tale, Bost.,
1S32, Svo; Letters on the Masonic Institution, 1847, Svo;
Eulogies on Madison, (1836.) Monroe, (1831,) and La Fa-
yette, (1834 ;) Jubilee of the Constitution, N.York. 1837.
See Memoir of the Life of J. Q. Adams, by Josiah Quincy,
LL.D.. Bo.st,. 1858. A collective ed. of Mr. Adams's works
is promised by his son, Charles Francis Adams.
Adams, .louas, a writer on law. 1593.
Adams, Joseph, M.D., 1756-1818, an able physician
and teacher of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine. Ho
pub. twelve treatises, Ac. of a professional nature, Lon.,
1795-1816. See Life of John Hunter.
Adams, Joseph, of N. Hampshire, 1719-1783, pub.
some serms.. 1757, Ac.
Adams, Matthew, d. 1753, of Boston, Massachusetts,
wrote some fugitive essays. Dr. Benjamin Franklin ac-
knowledges his obligations for access to his library.
Adams, Nehemiah, D.D..b. 1806. Salem, Mass., set-
tled in Boston. 1. The Baptized Child. 2. Remarks on
the Unitarian Belief. 3. Lile of John Eliot. 4. South-
Side View of Slavery, 12mo. 6. Friends of Christ in the
New Testament, 1S53. 6. Christ a Friend. 7. Communion-
Sabbath. 8. Agnes and the Little Key. 9. Bertha and
her Baiitism. 10. Assurance of Faith: being a Sarmon
preached before the Massachusetts Convention of Congre-
gational Ministers. 11. Truths for the Times: a Series of
tracts. 12. Catherine; or. The Early Saved, 1858. Various
pamphlet sermons. Contrib. to Spirit of Pilgrims, Lit.
Theol. Rev., Bibliotheca Sacra. Ac.
Adams, Q., a writer on Longitude. L()n., ISll.
Adams, ll.fi., D.D. The Opening of the Scaled Book
of the A|iocalypse shown to be a Syiubol of the Future Re-
publication ol' the Old Testament, Lon., 1838. See Church
of Eng. Qu;rr. Rev., Oct. 1838.
Adams, llice, a theological writer, 1708-1736.
Adams, Richard. True and Terrible Relation from
Maltravis, in Malaga, Lon., 1648.
Adams, Richard, d. 1684, a Non-Conformist divine,
educated at Cambridge; expelled for Non-Conformity, 1662.
Ho compiled the Notes on St, Paul's Epistles to the Philip-
pians and Colossians in Phole's Bible, and assisted his
brother, Thomas Adams, in some other works.
Adams, Robert. Expeditionis Hispanorum in Ang-
liam, vera Dcscriptio, anno 1588, Roberto Adamo, Au-
thore, 1589.
Adams, Robert, b. Hudson, N. Y'ork. Narrative of
Robert Adams, a sailor, who was wrecked on the Western
Coast of Africa in 1810, was detained three years in slavery
by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months
in the citv of Timbuctoo. Pronounced an imposition by the
N. Amer^Rev.. vol. v., 1817.
" A curious, marvellous, but authentic narrative." — LOWKLES.
Adams, S. Elements of Reading, Lon., 1781.
Adams, Samuel, D.D., pub. some serms., 1716.
Adams, Samuel, 1722-1S03, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, graduated at Harvard College, 1740. He wrote
a number of political essays.
Adams, Sarah Flower, d. 1848, a musical composer;
authoress of works collected under the title of Adoration,
Aspiration, and Belief. She wrote some poetical pieces and
criticisms.
Adams, T. Democracy Unveiled, Lon.. 1811.
Adams, T. History of the Town of Shaftesbury, 1R09.
Adams, Thomas. Serm. on Rev. xxii. 12, 1660.
Adams, Thomas, a theological writer, pub. 1613-33.
Adams, Thos., d. 1670, wrote in opposition to the Es-
tablished eh. id' Eng.. and on the Principles of Religion.
Adams, Wm. Complete History of the Civil Wars in
Seollaod. 1614-16; 2d cd., Edin.. 1724.
Adams, Wm. Fifteen Occasional Serms., Oxoii.,1716
AM.
ADD
Adams, Win. Vitruvius Scoticns, Ac, Edin. 1750.
Adams, Wm., Surgeon, London. Disiiuisitiun on
the Stone, Gravel, nnd the Diseases of the Bhidder, Kid-
neys. &(!., London, 177;^.
Adams, Wm.,D.D., 1707-1789, Master of Pembroko,
Oxford. &*•., author uf a number of stTinons, and an An-
Ewerto Iliinie's very absurd Essay on Miracles. Dr. Adams
was a valued friend of Dr. Johnson's. Boswell tells us:
" We then went to Pembroke CoUt'jie. and waited on bis nid
friend Dr. Adams, the master of it. whom I found to be a most
polite, pleasing, communifative man. He had distinj;uished him-
self by an able answer to David lluaie's ' Kssay on Miracles.' He
told me he had once dined in company with Hume in Londnn;
that Hume shook hands with him. and said, ' You have tri-atcd
me much better than I deserve;' and that they exchanged visits."
Adams, AVm. Political treatises, 1796-97.
Adams, Sir Wm,, Surgeon and Oculist Extraoi-dinary
to the Prince Regent. Among other professional works,
this eminent oculist has published, A Practical Intjuiry
into the Causes of the frequent Failure of the Operations
of Depression, and of the Eiitraction of the Cataract, as
usually performed, &c., Lond., 1817. This work has been
commended as one of great value to the chirurgieal lil)rary.
Adams, William, 1S14-1S48, Vicar of St. Peter's,
Oxford, acquired considerable celebrity as a writer of re-
ligious works. See some notices of his life in A Remem-
brancer of Bonchureh, It^le of AVight, the burial-place of
the Rev. W. Adams, Lon., p. Svo. 1. Pacred Allegories;
2d ed., 184-1, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1S55, cr. Svo ; illustrated by
Foster, 1S55, sm. ito : this is composed of Nos. 2, .3, 4, and
6. 2. Shadow of the Cross, 1842, 12mo: Sth ed.. 1S49.
3. The Old Man's Home; 8th ed., 185:^.. 12mo. 4. Distant
Hills; 4th cd., 1847, ]2nio. 5. The Fall of Croesus, 1846,
fp. Svo. 6. The King's Messengers, 1S47, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1852, 12mo. 7. Warnings of the Holy >Veek ; 3d ed., 1849,
12mo; 4th ed., 1^52, 12mo. 8. Cherrv-Stones ; edited by
H. C. Adams, 18ol. fji. 8vo ; 4th ed., 1855, 12mo.
Adams, Zabdiel, 1730-1 SOI, of Massachusetts, cousin
to John Adams, second President of the United States of
America, pub. some serms., 1771-88,
Adamson. Pocmata Sacra, &c., Lon., 1619.
Adamsoii. A work njinn Elect Sinners. Lou., 1768.
Adamson, Henry. Muses Threnndie, Edin., 16;!8.
Adamson, John. The Muse's Welcome to King
James VL at his return to Scotland, anno 1617, Edin.,
1618. The speeches will I)e found in Nichols's Progress ot
King James. He jiublishod several other works.
Adamson, John^ M.A., Rector of Burton Coggles.
1. The Duty and Daily Frequenting of the Public Service
of the Church; a Sermon on Matt. xxi. 13,1698. 2.
Funeral Serm.. Rev. xiv. 13. 1707.
Adamson, John, 1 7S7-1855. 1. Memoir of Camoens,
1820. 2. Hi.story. Antiquities, and Literature of Portugal,
vol. i., 1842, Svo; vol. ii., 1846, 8vo.
Adamson, M. A Friendly Epistle to Neighbour John
Taylor, of Norwich, Lon., n. d.
Adamson, Patrick, 1543-1591, Archbishop of St.
Andrew's, was born at Perth. He wrote a number of theo-
logi<a! Winks in Latin.
Adamson, \V. Contrib. to Phil. Mag., i. 256, 1817.
Adamthwaite, John, theological writer, Dirmiug-
ham. 1771-78.
Aday. A work upon Distilling. Lon.
Addams, J. Reports of Cases dettrmined in the Eccle-
siasticnl Courts, 1822-25, 2 vols. Svo: Lon., 1823-25.
Addcnbrooke, J. Essay on Free-Tbinking. Lon.. 1714.
Adderley, Thomas, Published a Sermon on Psalm
cxxii. 6, Cambridge, 1676.
Addin£:ton, A,, M.D. On Sea-Scurvy. &g.. Lon.. 1 753.
Addin^ton, Rt. Hon. Henry, (Lord Sidmouth,)
son of tiie preceding. Political speeches, &c., 1 799-1 SU3.
Addiugton, John. History of the Cow-Pox, 1801.
Addin^ton, Stephen, 1729-179(). a dissenting minis-
ter, a native of Northampton, a pupil of the celebrated Dr.
Doddridge. He was a schoolmaster of considerable repute.
He wrote a number of educational and theological work.s,
1767-83.
Addin^on, Sir Wm., Author of Abridgment of
Pen.al Statutes. &c.. London, 1775. 6th. ed. 1812.
Addison, Alexander, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania,
1759-1807. Reports of Cases in County Courts, High Court
of Errors and Appeals in Pennsylvania, Washington, 1800,
Obs. on Gallatin's Speech, 179S; Report of Committee,
Virginia Assembly, 1800.
Addison, Anthony, Viearof St. Helen's. Abington,
Berkshire. Sermon on Psalm Ixviii. 28. Oxford, 1704.
Addison, C.G. 1. Temple Church, Lon., 1843. 2.
Law of Contracts, Lon., 1846; Phila., 1847; 2d ed., Lon.,
1849, 2 vols. r. Svo. 3. History of the Knights Templars,
Svo. 4. Journey to Damascus and Palmyra, 2 vols. Svo.
5. Wr.-ngs :iud their Remedies, Lon. and Phila., 1857.
Addison, (i. H., 1793-1815, autbor of Indian Re-
miniscences, or the Bengal Moofussid Miscellany, 1837.
Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719, one of the most emi-
nent of Englisli authors, was the eldest son of Lancelot
Addison, D.D., Dean of Lichfield, the autbor of some theo-
logical treatises noticed hereafter. Joseph was born at
Milston, near Ambros-Bury, Wiltshire, May 1, 1672. After
passing through his preliminary studies at Amesbury and
Salisbury, he became an inmate of the Charter-house,
where he made the acquaintance of a youth who subse-
quently became celebrated as his associate, and an im-
portant literary character: — the names of Richnrd Steele
and Joseph Addison have become so closely united, that
they must descend In unbroken partnership to the latest
generations. At the age of tifteen he was entered at King's
College, Oxford, where Iiis father had preceded him. He
here applied himself with such diligence to classical learn-
ing, that he " acquired an elegant Latin stylo before ho
arrived at that age in which lads usually begin to write
good English." The excellence of his Latin poetry soon
made him famous in both universities. At a later day
these fruits of early scholarship were collected and pub-
lished in the Musa; Anglicaniv.
"Our country owes it to him. th;it the famous Monsieur Boileiiu
j first conceived an opinion of the English genius for poetry, by
! perusing the present he made him of the Musse Auglicanse." —
j TiCKELL: }*/>■/. ICC to Atldisnn's W<irks.
When about twenty-two years of age, he addressed some
verses to Dryden, commending his translations, which
were highly praised by the most eminent judges, and were
so fortunate as to elicit the plaudits of Dryden himself. A
1 translation of the greater part of the fourth book of Vir-
gil's Georgics, confirmed the good opinion which the great
I poet was inclined to entertain of the abilities of this youth-
ful follower. The excellent critical preface to Dryden's
version of the Georgics, and many of the arguments, were
from the pen of the new aspirant to poetical distinction.
A running criticism in verse on some of the principal
English poets, addressed to Sacheverell, and some other
1 productions of merit, still further increased the reputation
of the author. So far, all was most encouraging ; but
this "fancied life in others* breath," as one of the poets
styles Fame, was an unsubstantial dependence for the every-
day necessities of life. At this juncture, in 1695, a poem
addressed to King William, on one of his campaigns, de-
dicated to Lord Keeper Somers, secured the favour of this
noldeman, and a pension of £300 per annum. About this
period he published his Latin I'oeuis, inscril)ed to another
great man of the day, Mr. Montague, the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, afterwards Lord llalilax. It is said to have
been chieiiy owing to the discouragement of this eminent
statesman, that Addison resigned bis original intention of
taking holy orders. Other accounts represent his own
humility to have suggested to his mind distrust of big
qualifications and fitness i'or a position so sacred and re-
sponsible. Whether the voice of ambition at this season
of youthful triumph was permitted to drown the pleadings
of conscience, it is impossible to decide ; but there appear
to us to be many intimations in the future writings of the
lay moralist, that the convictions of religious duty ever
remained stronger than tlie arguments by which they were
overruled. About the end of the year 1699, Addison de-
termined to gratify an inclination which insufficient means
had heretofore obliged him to postpone, and he left Eng-
land on a visit to the classic soil of Italy. Fortunately, we
are not lett to conjecture what must have been the eflects
of scenes so inspiring upon a mind so well educated to ap-
preciate their p<iwer. In his remarks on several parts of
Italy, in the years 1701, 2, 3, we have a record of his im-
pressions, which deserves more notice than it receives in,
the present day, or indeed has secured in any preceding
generation of rearlcrs. The death of King William, in
1702, brought a new set of statesmen in power, and the
loss of Addison's pension awakened the young traveller
from his classic dreams of past ages to the necessary pro-
vision for the day which was passing over him. He re-
turned home, and found himself in England with no means
of livelibooil, and no prospects beyond the uncertain de-
pendence of a literary hack. He was not allowed to remain
long in this unenviable condition. The battle of Blenheim,
fought August, 1704, had excited the attention of Europe
to the conquerors, and the opportunity must not be lost to
celebrate the event in the most august strains of which
the poetic muse was capable. Lord Treasurer Godolphin
inquired anxiously for a poet, and Lord Halifax named
37
ADD
ADD
Addison as the proper person. Mr. Treasurer Boyle, after-
wards Lord Carleton, was sent to prefer the request to the
poet, who, as it will readily be believed, immediately un-
dertook the duty. Thk Campaigx was written, and the
successful bard became Commissioner of Apjjeals, and in
1706, Under-Secretary of State. There was much wisdom
in this appointment. The aid of such a penman was not
to be despised by any ministry, however powerful. The
Present State of the War. an anonymous paniphlet, pub-
lished in November, 1707, was credited to the new secre-
tary. In 1709, our poet attended tbc Mjirquis of Wharton
to Ireland as secretary. Whilst absent. Steele published
the first number of The Tatler, April 12, 1709.
He soon became a most useful contributor to his friend's
paper. He also contributed five articles to a political pa-
per, The Whig Examiner, the first number of which ap-
peared on the 11th September, 1710. The Tatler was
brought to a close, January 2, 1711, and the Hrstof the en-
suing March, the Sj»ectator made its api>carance. This
periodical, of which as many as 20,000 copies were sold in
a day, still retains its popularity. Addison's contributions
may be known by the signature C. L. I. or 0., forming the
word " Clio." The Guanlian, commenced March 12,
1713, was also largely indebted to Addison. In 1713 ap-
peared the celebrated tragedy of Cato, which was acted for
thirty-five successive nights, notwithstanding Pope's opi-
nion that it was not so well suited to the stage as it was to
the closet. In this year was published a political scjuib of
our author's, entitled The Trial and Conviction ol Count
Tariff. On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1715,
Addison supported the government with great vigour in
the Freeholder, which was published from Septemljer 23
to June 29, of the next year. His verses to Sir Godfrey
Kneller, and a few other minor pieces, were given to the
world about this time.
In 1716, he married the dowager Countess of Warwick:
of this match Dr. Johnsos remarks : — " This marriage,
if uncontradicted report can be credited, made no addition
to his happiness ; it neither found nor made them equal.
She always remembered her own rank, and thought her-
self entitled to treat with very little ceremony the tutor of
her son." He breathed his last at Holland-bouse on the
17th June, 1719, when just entering the 4Sth year of his
age. ** Before he expired, be sent for his step-son, the Earl
of Warwick, then in his 21st year, and while the young
nobleman stood at his bedside to receive his commands,
grasping his hand, he said he had called him that he might
see with what peace a Christian could die. He left an only
daughter by the countess."
Sir Richard Steele acknowledges himself indebted to
Addison for a considerable part of his comedy of the Ten-
der Husband, which appeared in T704; an<l he is also
known to be the author of the Drummer, or The Haunted
House. Some papers in a continuation of The Spectator,
which was attempted, but soon dropped, and one or two in
a publication of a similar nature, entitled The Lover, were
contributed by him during the years 1713 and 1714.
It is well known that Addison has always laboured under
the suspicion, not only of envying his great literary rival,
Pope, but also of exhibiting that envy in the most unjus-
tifiable manner. We have not space to enter upon this
question at length. How far he may have jirompted the
virulence of Philips and the slander of Gildon. is not likely
to be satisfactorily ascertained at this late hour. We refer
the curious reader to Sir AVilliam Blackstone's able paper
in the Biographia Brilannica. and to the article Addison,
in Rose's New Biog. Diet. Blackstone, certainly a com-
petent judge of evidence, considers that Addison's memory
has been much calumniated, although he admits that the
publication of Tickeirs(?) version of the Iliad just at the
moment of the appearance of Pope's translation was "in-
discreet and ill-timed."
The literary merits of Addison have been discussed at
length by Dr. Johnson in his Lives of the Poets. Perhaps
we cannot better please and edify our readers than by
quoting some opinions of the great critic, together with
those of other authors, upon the writings and character of
one who must always occupy the tirst rank in the list of
English classics :
" If any judgment be made from his books, of his moral charac-
ter, nothiug will be found but purity and excellence. It is justly
observed by Tickell. that he empli.yed wit on the side of virtue and
religion. He not only made the "proper use of wit himself, but
taught it to others, and from his time it has been generally sub-
servient to the cause of reason and of truth. No greater felicity
3an genius attain than that of having purified intellectual plea-
Bure, separated mirth from indecency, and wit fmm licentiousness;
of havini,' taught a succession of writers to bring elegance and
38
gayety to the aid of goodness; and. if I may use expressions yet
more awful, of having ■ turned many to righteousness."
•■His Sentences have neither studied amplitude, nor affected
brevity ; his periods, though not dili^eutly rounded- are vnlul le and
easy. Whoever wishes to attain an i-nglish style, familiar I'Ut
not coarse, and elegant, but not ostentatious, must give his days
and nights to the study of Addison."' — Dr. Johnson.
•■ -Mr. Addison wrote very tluently ; but he was sometimes very
slow and scrupulous in correcting. He would show his \ erscs to
Several friends; and would alter almost every thing that an\ of
them hiuted as wrong. He seemed to be too diffident of himself;
and too much concerned about his character as a poet : or i.as he
worded itj too solicitous for that kind of praise which is but a
Tet-y little matter after all! 51any of his Spectators he wrote very
fast; and sent them to the press as soon as they were wiitti-n. It
seems to have been best for him not to have had too much time to
correct. Addison was perfectly good company with intimates ; and
had something more charming in his conversation than 1 ever
knew in arty other man: but with any mixture of strangers and
sometimes only with one. he seemed to preserve his dignity much,
with a stitT sort of silence." — Pupe: Spemx''s Anecdotes.
" There is a grove at Magdalen College whirh retains the name
of Addison's ^Valk. where still the student will linger. . . . "* ever,
not even by Dryden, not even by Temple, had the Kuplish lan-
guage been written with such sweetness, grace, and tacility.
IJut this was the smallest part of Addison's praise. Had he
clothed his thoughts in the half-French style of Ilorace "Walpole,
or in the half Latin style of Kr. .loboMm. or in the haJf-tierman
jargon of the present day. his genius wriuld have triumphed over
all faults of manner. As a moral s;itiiist he stands uuri^ ailed. If
ever the best Tatlers and Spectators were equalled in their own
kind, we should be inclined to guess that it must have been by
the lost comedies of Menander. In wit. properly so called. Addi-
son was not inferior to Cowley or Butler. No single ode of tow-
ley contains so many happy analogies as are crowded into the
lines to Sir Godfrey Kneller: and we would undei-take to collect
from the .Spectators as great a number of ingenious illustrati'.'ns
as can be found in ' Iludibras.' The still higher laculty of inven-
tion Addison possessed in still larger measure. . . . But what
shall we say of Addison's humour? . . . AVe own that the hu-
mour of Addison is, in our opinion, of a more delicious llavour
than the humour of either Swift or Voltaire." — T. B. Mac.\1'L\y.
" Pope's character of Addison is one of the truest, as well as
one of the best, things he ever wrote. Addison deserved that
character the most of any man. 'i'et how charming are his pmse
writings! He was as much a master of humour as he was an in-
different poet." — Dr. Lockier. Petin of Itt'Thrrrouf/h.
"• Mr. Addison did not go any depth in the study of medals : all
the knowledge he had of that kind. 1 believe be had from nie;
and I did not give him above twenty lessons upon that subject."' — F.
"Mr. Addison would never alter any thing after a priem was
once printed: and was ready to alter almost every thing that was
found fault with before. I believe he did not leave a word un-
changed that I might have any scruple against in his Cato." — P.
"Th« last line in that tragedy originally was —
' And, oh, 'Inas tliis that euded Ciilo'a life.'
Mr. Pope suggested the altei-ation as it stands at present:
' And robs the guilty world of C:ito'8 life.'
Mr. Addison stayed about a ye;ir at Ulois. He would rise as early
as between two and three in the height of summer, and lie a-bed
till between cleveu and twelve in the depth of winter, lie was
untalkative while here, and often thoughtful : sometimes so lost
in thonght that I have come into his room, and stayed five
minutes there, before he has known any thing of it." — Auufe
PUILIPPEAUX OF ELOIS.
"The Spectators, though there are so many bad ones among
them, make themselves read still. All Addison's are allowed to
be good." — Ainif B.
*' 0\d Jacob Tonson did not like Mr. Addison. He had a quarrel
with him : and after his quitting the secretaryship used frequently
to say of him. 'One day or other you'll see that man a bishop!
I'm sure he looks that way; and, indeed, I ever thought him a
priest in his heart.' '^ — P.
■' It was my fate to be much with the wits. My fiither was ao-
quainted with all of them. Addison was the best company in the
world." — Lady M. W. Montagu.
'• Addison usually studied all the morning, then met his party
at Button's: dined there, and stayed five or six hours, and some-
times IJir into the night. I was of the company for about a year,
but found it was too much for me, and so I quitted it." — Pope:
^e7icc\< Aueaioies.
''To the keenest perception of the beautiful and sublime in
composition, he added a taste pre-eminently delicate and correct,
and the most engaging and fascinating stvle th.'^t this countiy
had ever witnessed; with these were combined the most unri-
valled humnur. a morality lovely and interesting as it was pure
and philanthropic, and a fancy whose effusions were peculiarly
sweet, rich, and varii-d." — Dn. Drake.
Dr. Blair censures Addison for occasional redundancies,
and gives some instances from Nos. 412 and 413 of the
Spectator. Ho proceeds to remark :
" Although the fi*ee and flowing manner of such an author as
Mr. .\ddison. and the graceful hannony of his periods, may p-illi-
ate such negligences; yet. In general, it holds that style freed
from this prolixity appears both more strong, and more beautiful.
The attention beconi-s remiss, the mind falls into inaction, when
words are muHiplied without a corresponding multiplication of
ideas." — Lrctiin's rm fifut'iric and Bdh:s-Lrttrrs.
" When this man looks from the world whose weakness he de-
scribes so benevolently, up to the heaven which shines over us
all. I can hardly fancy a human face lighted up with a more serene
rapture; a human intellect thrilling with a purer love and adora-
tion, than Joseph Addison's ! Listen to him : from your childhood
ADD
you have known the verses, but who can hear their sacred music
without love and awe?
'Soon as the evening shades prevail,
The moou tiikes up ibe wondrous tale,' Ac.
It seems to me those vers.-s shine like the stars. They shino out
of a great, deep cahu. When he turns to heaveu, a Sabbath comes
over that man's mind: and his face lights up from it with a glory
of thanks and prayer. ... If Swift's life was the mnst wretthed,
I think Addison's was nue of the most enviable. A life prosperous
and beautiful— a > aim d-alh — an immense fame, and affection af-
terwards f'ti' !iis hapiiy and spotless name."' — T/iackerat/'s Knglish
Haiiimists of the J-Jn/hd'inUi f^ntury.
'■ We must remember that, however narrow, and prejudiced, and
exclusive may s.*om to us the do^^mas of Addison's literary criti-
cisms, yet that these were the first pnjmlar essays in Knglish to-
wards the investij^atiou of the grounds and axioms of it'sthetic
SL-ience, and that eveu here, in innumerable instances, (as, for ex-
ample, in the celebrat*-d reviews of I'aradise Lost, and of the old
national ballad of Chevy Chase,) we find the author's natural and
delicate sense of the beautiful and sublime triumphing over the
accumulated errors and false judgment of bis owu artificial age,
and the author of Cato doing unconscious homage to the nature
and pathos of the rude old Border ballad-maker."— Prof. T. U.
Shaw.
"■ In a word, one may justly apply to him what Plato, in his al-
legorical language, says of Aristophanes; that the Urai-es. having
searched all the world for a temple wherein they might forever
dwell, settled at la.st iu the breast of Mr. Addison."— Mklmotii.
*■ Addison wrote little in verse, much in swei-l. .ligaiit, \ irgilian
prose; so let me call it, since Longinus calls ll^-rnib.tus most
Homeric; and Thucydides is -said to have formed his style on
Pindar. Addison's compositions are built with the finest mate-
rials, in the taste of the ancients. I never read him. but I am
struck with such a disheartening idea of perfection, that I di'op
my pen. And. indeed, far superior writers should forget his com-
positions, if they would be greatly pleased with their own." — Dn.
Youxo.
" In refined and delicate humour Addison has no superior, if he
has any eiiual. in English prose literature. . . . Who can set
limits to the influence which such a mind has exerted? And
what a lesson should it read to the conductors of our periodic
press, from the stately quarterly to the daily newspaper! W hat
untold gain would it be to the world if they would think less of
party, and more of Truth: if they would ever be found the firm
advocates of every thing that tends to elevate and bless man. and
the steadfast, out-spokeu opponents of all that tends to degrade,
deliase, and brutalize him !"— Peof. C. D. Cleveland.
" In Addisnu the reader will find a rich but chaste vein of hu-
mour and satire; lessons of morality and reIi:_'ion, divested of all
austerity and gloom; criticism at once pleasing and profound;
and pictures of national character and manoeis that must ever
charm from their vivacity and truth." — Dr. IIliRD.
"Greater energy of character, or a more determined hatred of
vice and tyranny, would have curtailed his usefulness as a public
censor. He le<i the nation insensibly to a love of virtue and
constitutiMual fivedom. to a purer taste in morals and literature,
and to tliM iiii|...r(ance of those everlasting truths which so
warmly tMi^a-.d his heart and imagination."— Robert CiiAMBr.Rs.
- It is praisi' enough to say of a writer, that, in a hi-rU deparfc-
m<-iit of litiMiiture, in which many eminent writers have distin-
guished themsttlves. he lias no equal: and this may, with strict
justice, be said of Addison. He is ..-ntitlrd to be mnsidered not
oulv as the greatest of thi- Knglish .'ssavisis, but ;is tb- f-.rerunner
of the great English novi-lists. His best essays apju-narh near to
absolute perfection; nor is their excellence more wonderful than
their variety. His invention never seems to fiag; nor is he ever
under the necessity of repeating himself, or of wearing out a
subject." — Macaulay.
- He was not only the ornament of his age and country, but he
reflects dij:nity on the nature of man. He has divested vice of
its meretricious ornaments, and planted religion and virtue in
the modest and graceful atture which charm and elevate the
heart." — T)R. Andersox.
•'i>f Aiblisou's numerous and well-known ^n■itings, it may be
affirtufd tkit they rest on the solid basis of real excellence, in
moral tendiMicy as well as literary merit. Vice and folly are
satirized, virtue and decorum are rendered attractive: and while
polished diction and Attic wit abound, the purest ethics are incul-
cated."— Mauxder.
" As a writer, as a man, and as a Christian, the merit of Addison
cannot be too hi-hly extolled. His stvle has been always es-
teemed a model of excellence bv men of taste. IHs humour has
a charm which cannot be described; his philosophy is rational,
and his morality is pure." — Afln-mnnn.
The Life of Adilison, by Lucy Aikin, 2 vols., London,
lS4;i, post Svo, with Portrait.
" Miss Aikin has not left a stone unturned, that her monument
to one of our most polished writers and completi? minds may be
Ciir. upright, and symmetrical. Her book contains the first com-
plete life of Addison ever put forth. As a literary biography it is
a model; and its pages are besides enriched by many hitherto un-
publishi'd letters of Addison." — Lmirlmi Atlienfpum.
In coneluiliui^ our sketch of this eminent author, we
may observe, that perhaps no English writer has been so
fortunate as Addison in uniting so many discordant
tastes in a unanimous verdict of approbation. Browne
has been thought pedantic, Johnson inflated. Taylor con-
ceited, and Burke exuberant; but the gracel'ul simplicity
of Addison delights alike the rude taste of the unedu-
cated, and the classic judgment of the learned. His ex-
quisite humour charms our youth, and his affectionate ad-
monitions impress upon our hearts those religious verities
which can alone confer dignity upon age.
ADI
Wo subjoin a list of Addison's works: 1. Kcmarks on
several parts of Italy in the years 1701, 1702, 1703, London,
1705, 1718, 1761. The same translated into Latin, under
the title of Addisoni Epistola Missii ex Italia, ad illustrcm
Dominuin Halifax, anno 1701. Auctoro A. Murphy, 17'J9.
2. Campaign; a Poem with a Latin version. 3. Poems,
1712. 4. The Five "Whig Examiners, 1712. 5. Cato; a
tragedy, 17Ki. The same in Italian and Freurh, 1715.
In Latin, under the following title: Cato Tragu'dia, Auc-
tore Clarissimo Viro Josepho Addi.son inter Auglia nostra)
Principes Poetas, jure nemerando, omissis Amotoriis
Scenis. Latino Carmine Versa, 1763. This translation
has been commended as
"■ In general elegant, and executed with great spirit. The
style approaches that of Senec.n, the tragedian.''
6. Essay concerning the Error in Distributing Modern
Medals, 1715. 7. A Poem to the Princess of Wales;
another to Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1716. 8. Freeholder,
1716. 9. The Drummer, or tiie Haunted House, 1716. 10.
Freethinker, 1722. 11. Dis.sertation.s on the must cele-
brated Roman Poets: Englished by Charles Hayes, 1718.
12. Notes upon the Twelve Books of Paradise Lost, col-
lected 1719. 13. Dialogues upon the Usefulness of An-
cient Medals, especially iu relation to the Liitin and
Greek poets, 1726. 11.* Ode to Dr. Thomas Burnet, 1727.
15. Divine Poems, 1728. 16. On the Evidences of the
Christian Religion, 1730. 17. Discourses on Ancient and
Modern Learning.
His papers contributed to The Tatler, Spectator, Guar-
dian, aud Freeholder, together with his Treatise on the
Christian Religion, were collected into 4 vols., Edinburgh,
1790. Iu the Tatler his papers have no signature; in the
Spectator, as we have remarked, they are either C. L. I.
or 0. (Clio.) In the Guardian, they are marked by a
hand.
Addison's works, portrait and plates, 4 vols. 4to.
Baskcrville's splendid edition, Birmingham, 1761.
" He who hath the Baskerville edition hath a good and even a
glorinus prrforiiuiuce. It is pleasant (and. of com-so, protilablr)
to turn nv..-r the pages of these lovely tomes at ones Tusiuium,
on a day of oppression from heat or of confinement from raiu." —
DlKDIN.
Addison's Complete AVorks, the first complete edition
ever published, including all of Bishop Hurd's edition,
with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious
notes, by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols.,
12mo, with Vignettes, ttc. N. York, 1854 j ed., with addi-
tions by H. G. Bohn, 6 vols.
" Nothing stamps the literary reading of the present day with
a more exalted character than the fact of the profitable repulilish-
ment of the old English classics. We congratulate the public
upon having it in their power to purchase an edition of Addison's
works, so complete as this promises to be. such an oruanieut to
the library as it will prove, and i-dited with so much tact. To
undertake to praise the writings of .Ins^-ph Addison is a work of
supereroga1ii>n. It is sutticieut to say. that more persons have
formed their style on his prose writiugs than on those of any
other English writer."
Addison, Lancelot, D.D.. 1632-1703, father of
the preceding, was born at Crosby Ravensworth, in West-
moreland. He was the sou of a clergyman, and adopted
the same profession. He was noted at college for his ac-
quirements. Not being iu favour with the rulers of the
day, he obtained no preferment until the Restoration. His
first post was that of chaplain at Dunkirk. He was ap-
pointed king's chaplain in 1070. Dr. Addison wrote a
number of works, which met with a moderate share of
appro})ation. They relate principally to the early history
of Mohammedanism, to the present state of the Jews,
and to the sacraments of the Christian church, published
1671-9S.
Addison, William, M.D. Healthy and Diseased
Structure, Consumption, &c.. Lon., 8vo.
"A work deserving the pernsnl of every one interested in the
late r-'ipid advance of physiology and pathology." — Mrdico-Chifur-
gicat Jferiew.
2. Malvern Waters in Cases of Consumption, Svo. 3. Cell
Thcra]>eutics. 12mo. 1856.
Addy^ William, Stenographia. Lon., 1095.
"More remarkable for the accuracy and elegance of its graphical
execution, than for any considerable improvement in the art."—
Lowndes.
Adee, Herbert. Sermon on 1 Cor. ii. 14. Lond., 1712.
Adee, Nicholas. Sermon on Luke xx. 41, Lond., 1 685.
Adec, S. Con. to Phil. Tran. aud to Archajo!.. 1755, &c.
Adey, author of Sermons, pub. London, 1755-60.
■ Adheim. See Aldhelm.
Adis, Henry. Sermon on 2 Chron. xxxii. 25, Lon-
don, 1660.
33
ADK
AlK
Adkin, L. Serms. pub. 1782-86 and 1806.
Atlkins, VV, The Hortorian Miscellany. &c., 1768.
Adier, George J., h. 1821, in Germany: t-»r»e to U.
States, isy;i; grad. N. York Univ., 1844; "Prof. German
Language in same institution, 1846-54. 1. Germun Gram-
mar, 1846. 2. German Reader, 1847, 3. German and Eng-
lish Dictionary, 1848, N. York, Svo : the must complete
work of the kind pub. iu the U.S. 4. Abridgment of same,
12mo, 1851. 5. Manual of German Literature, 1853. 6.
Latin (Jrammar, 1:^58,
Adolphus, John, 1766-1845, b. in London, barrister-
at-law. 1. Hii^t. of Kngland from the Accession of George
III. to 1783, 3 vols., 1802 ; new ed.. 7 vols. Svo.
" We have no hesitation in recommending the volume before us
as a useful and interesting work. The future historian will recur
to it as a valuable magazine of facts which will teud much to
diminish the labour of his investigations." — Editi. ii'co.
2. Biog. Memoirs of French Revnhitinn, 2 vols., 1799.
*' A work in which, with great aliility. c<>ll(.-cting everywhere from
the most authentic sources, .-tud sul.juining unilbrmly a full refer-
ence to his authorities, he gives the only aci urate hiatury yet extant
of those tremendous times and the principal ageuta iu them." —
British 0)-itic.
lie pub. other works, and assisted Archdeacon Coxe in
preparing for the press his Mercoirs of Sir Hubert Walpole.
Adoli>hu$, John Leycester, son of the preceding. 1.
Letters to Richard Jleber, 1821. This work was written to
prove that Sir Walter Scott was the author of the Waverley
Novels.
" From its appearance Sir Walter felt that liis incognito was
ended, and thenceforth he wore bis mask loosely."
2. In connexion witli T. F. KUis, Reports of Cases argued
and determined in the Court of King's Bench 4 Wm. IV.,
1834-40, 12 vols. r. Sv..; Lon., 1835-12; new series, 1841-
47, 8 vols. r. Svo; 1842-48.
Adorno, J, N. Ilannony of the Universe. Svo. Lon.
Adrian IV.,d.ll59. wa< the niil\ Kii-li.-lunan whoever
attained the papal throne, ili- iiMinr iin;j:iiiaily wa^ Xicho-
las Breakspear ; his native plun . banglry, near SI. Alban's.
He wrote an account of his legation, a treatise on the
Miraculous Conception, and some sermons.
Adrian, Robert, LL.D., 1775-1843. Improved ed.
of lliitton's Matlicnialics, ttc, Scientific papers. &e.
Ady, J. The Harmony of the Divine Will. Lund., ISll.
Ady, T., a writer upon Witchcraft. Lond., 165C-61.
Adye,R. \V. Bombardier and P. Gunner. Loud.. 1813.
Adye, S. P. Treatise on Ct.Martials. Ac. Lond.. 1778.
^ry, T.,M.D.,amedical writer, Whitehaven. 1774, &q.
jEton, A treatise on the Church, Edinbiirirh. 1730.
Attieck, Capt. Agitation of the Sea, &r., Phil. Trans.
A^ar, >V. Fourteen Sermons, &c., London. 1756-59.
Atcard, Arthur, 1540-]615, a learned antiipiary. born
at Foston. Derbyshire. He wrote a number of treatises
upon the High Court of Parliament, the Antiquity of Shires,
of the Hoxises or Inns of Court, and Chancery, and upon
Doomsday Book.
Agas. See Aggas.
Agassiz, Lonis Joan Rodolphe, born 1S07, at
Motiers. Canton of Freyburg, iu Swit/,erhind. His ances-
tors were of French origin, and were among the number
of those Protestants who, in 16S5, at the time of the Revo-
cation of the Edict of Nantes, were forced to fly from France.
His father, who was a Protestant minister, intended him
for the church ; but, owing to au intuitive love for Natural
History, be preferred tho study of Medicine, as affording
a fuller scope for the bent of his genius. To carry out
this design, he entered the Medical Sch<iol of Zurich, but
completed his professional studies at tho University of
Heidelberg, where he particularly devoted biw attention to
anatomy, under the direction of Professor Tiedemann. As
a student and anatomist, ho gained a reputation far above
his compeers. About this time he acquired some celebrity
among his fellow-students as a lecturer on Nntnnil Histo-
ry; but very soon his extensive knowledge and accurate
discrimination attracted the notice of men of science.
From Heidelberg he entered the University of Munich,
where he remained four years. His rare attainments in-
duced Martius to employ him to prepare the ichthyological
department of the Natural History of Brazil, which ailded
greatly to his scientific fame. His parents remonstrated
against this devotion to science, and, tinding persuasion
ineffectual, determined to reduce his regular stipend; but
his unmitigated ardour, and indomitable perseverance in the
pursuit of his favourite studies, attracted the notice of the
great German publisher, Cotta, who advanced him such
sums as he re(iuired. After taking the degrees of Doctor
of Medicine and Philosophy, be repaired to Vienna, where
ho entered upon the stuily of fossil fishes. Through tho
liberality of a friend, ho visited Paris, where he gained the
40
I friendship of Cuvier, which continued till his death. At
j Paris he became intimately acquainted with Humboldt.
Agassiz was appointed Professor of Natural History in
: the College of Neufchatel, on his return to Switzerland.
I Here he remained until 1846. when he embarked for Ame-
I rica, and soon after was appointed Professor of Zo<ilogy
i and Geology in the Lawrence Scientific School. At thirty,
i be was a member of nearly every scientific academy of
Europe, besides having the degree of Doctor of Laws con-
, ferred on him by the Universities of Edinburgh and Dublin.
! He first promulgated the GI.T-ial Theory in 1837. To
collect facts relating to this subject, he spent eight sum
raers upon the glacier of the Aar, 8000 feet above the level
of the sea, and twelve miles from any human habitation.
The following are his chief scientific works :
" KiM'herches sur les Poissons fossiles, 5 vols. 4to, and 400 plates,
folio. Neuffhatel, ls:U-44. Histoire naturelle des I'oissons d'eau
douce, I vol. Svo, and 2 portfolios of plates. Neufchatel, 18o9. Etudes
i sur les glaciers. 1 vol. Svo. d'atlas in fnlio. Neuf liatel, 1840. Systems
glurier, 1 vol. Svo, d'atlas in folio, Taris. IM". Mono^raphies
d'KchnridcriniR. 4parts. 4to. Neuf<h:Url, ls;',S— i'J. Ktudes cnti<iues
sur les :\I'>l!.-^i|ii.-s fi»ssiles. .5 parts. 4to. NeufL-liatel, 1S40-15. No-
menclatiir ZMi.lM.ricus, 1 vol. 4to, Joloduri, 1842-46. BiMiographia
I Zoolo;,^i;e et t;eolo_;i;e, London, 3 vols. Svo, !{.ay Soc.. 1S4S.~ Lake
I Superior: its physical character, Ac. plates and maps. Svo. 1850,
' Twelve Lectures on Comparative EiiiV)ryolO[;y. Svo, 1849. Id con-
( nection with Dr. A. A. (iould, Principles of Zoology, 2ded.. 1^51,
' Contributed many valuable articles iuTi-ans. Lond. Zool.Soc; Brit.
I Assoc; Hilliman's .Tour. : Kdin. New. Phil. Jour.; Proc. Lond. Geol.
I Soc; Phil. Ma?;.; Bibl.Univ.; L.u. Br. N. .Tahrb. Proc. Am. Assoc;
Trans. Amer. Acad. Science and Arts; Smithsonian Cuntrih., &c.
Contributions to the Natural History of the U. States,
1 Bost., 1857, 2 vols. 4to, — to be complete in 10 vols.
I "There are 2600 subscribers to this work in the United States.
A magnificent support of a purely scientific undertaking, executed
on a g-raod and expensive scale ; a tribute to the worth of science,
and an appreciation of the labours of a great original iiivesiigator,
such as lias never before been exhibited to the world." — PnOF.C. G
FfiLTON : Aj^l'ton's IVew .Anier. Ci/c.
Agate, John. Tlieulogical Treatise, Oxford, 1708.
Agate, \V. Sermons, published 1750-o8.
Agg, John, a novelist. Published Lou., 1808-13.
Aggas, Ralph, a surveyor and engraver.
"Tlii-^ ci-kliratf'd surveyor published the first map of London in
1560, r.]uililish'-(i in lOlSand likewise in 1037 .''—Lowndes.
Aglionby, E. Latin Poem in Wil.son's Epigram., 1552.
Agliouby, John, D.D., 1566-1609, originally De
Aguilon, educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was chaplain
to James I., and one of the divines engaged in the version
of the Scriptures set forth by that monarch.
Aglionby, W. Works upon Painting. Lend., 1 685, &c.
Aguilar, Grace, was born at Hackney, England,
June, 1816. Her father was Emanuel Aguilar, a merchant,
i descended from tho Jews of Spain. She went abroad for
I her health, and died in Frankfort, in 1847. She could not
I speak for some time before her decease; but having learned
I to use her fingeis in the manner of the deaf and dumb,
I almost the last time they moved, it was to spell upon them
I feebly, — " Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him."
She wrote The Magic Wreath, a little poetical work ; Home
Influence, Mother's Recompense. Jewish Faith, its Conso-
lation, &c.. Records of Israel, Women of Israel. Vale of
( Cedars, Woman's Friendship, Days of Brnce, and Home
Scenes and Heart Studies. Several of these were pub-
lished after her death.
Home Influence, a Tale for Mothers and Daughters,
second eilition. in 1 vol.. with a Memoir of the Author.
Agutter, Wm. Sundry Sermons. Lond., 1706-180S.
Ahlers, C. Woman of Godaluiing. London. 1726.
Aickin, J. On Grammar, 169;.i : Counterfeiting, 1696.
Aickin, J. Sermon, publi.'^hcd Dublin, 1705.
Ailicn* Sermons, Edinburgh. 1767.
Aikin, Ann:i L. See BAitBAn.n.
Aikin, Arlhnr, was one of the editors of the Annals
of Philo.sophy, and a voluminous writer upon Mineralogy
and Chemistry. He edited The Annual Review. 1803, &c.,
7 vols. His Journal of a Tour through North Wales, Ac,
1797, Stevenson praises as "an admirable specimen of a
mineralogical and geological tour."
Aikin, C. R., surgeon, London, in conjunction with
the above itublisbed a Dictionary of Chemistry. 1807-14.
He was the author of several other professional works.
Aikin, E. Architectural works, London. 1808-1810.
Aikin, J., conlrllnitor to Phil. Trans., 1774.
Aikin, John, .M. D., 1747-1822. born at Kibwortb,
Harconrt. was the only sou of Rev. J. Aikin, LL.D.. and
brother of Anna Lctitia Aikin, afterwards Mrs. IJarlmuld.
He attended the lectures of Dr. John Hunter in 1770, and
took the degree of M. D. atLeyden. His first publications
were professional, and very favourably received. In 1772
he published his vol. of Essays on Song Writing, which has
AIK
AIN
been commended as "a much esteemed and elegant collec-
tion." In 1775 he published A Specimen of the Medieal
Bi<)j;raphy uHircat Britain, which was sufficiently approved
to induce liim tu prepare a vuhiino of Biographical Me-
moirs of Medicine in Great Britain, from the revival of
Literature to the time of Ilervey. London. 1780. About
the year 17!'-, in conjunction with his pister, he commenced
the Evenings at Home, completed in 6 volumes in 1790.
Almost the whole of the matter was the production of the
doctor's pen.
" ThesL- little books are too well known to require any comment ;
and they have led the way to many othci-sof a similar nature, and
bei?u tianslated into almost every Europi.'an lan;;ua;j;e."
He next published the Letters from a Father to a Ron.
From 1796-1S07 he was literary editor of the Monthly
Magazine. In January, 1S07, he started the Athenanim,
winch was discontinued in ISO!). He commenced, in 1796,
a General Biography, in which Mr. Nicholson. Drs. En--
field and Morgan, and others, assisted him. This wiuk
extended to ten quarto volumes, and was published 1709-
1815, having employed the doctor nearly twenty years;
yet time was found by him for various other .iterary works.
— Eose's New liioy. Diet. Widely ditiVrent opinions have
been entertained as to the merit of Aikiu's Biographical
Dictionary. Mr. (Jiffordcalls it a '* worthless compilation,"
whilst Roscoc, in his Life of Leo X., praises it as *'a work
which does not implicitly adopt prescriptive errors, but
evinces a sound judgment, a manly freedom of sentiment,
and a correct taste." Here is a vast diti'erence of opinion !
We find some reference to this work in Mr, Southey's Cor-
respondence :
" Did I tell you," he writes to hia brother, " that I have promised
to supply the lives of the Spanish and I'oituguese aulhdrs Jn the
remainincf volumes of Dr. Aikin's great General Bio-rraphy?" In
1807, he tells Lont^man & Co., " At Dr. Aikin's request. I have un-
dertaken (long since) the Spanish and rortusruese literary part of
bis bioj;rapby. Some artii-les appealed iti the last volume.and few
as they are. I suppose they entitle me to it. Will you ask Dr. A.
if this be the case?''
From 1811-15, he edited Dodsley's Annual Register. In
1820, his last publication, the Select Works of the British
Poets, (Johnson to Beattie,) made its appearance. A con-
tinuation of the series by other hands has been published.
Dr. Aikin died December 7, 1822. He was emphatically
a literary man. Dr. Watt gives a li^t of about fifty publi-
cations of this industrious and useful writer.
Aikin, Tjiicy, daughter of the preceding, authoress of
several historical and other works. Epistles. Juvenile
Correspondence. Memoii's of the Court of James I., Lon.,
1S22, 2 vols. Svo.
" An admirable historical work, nearly as enfertaininf; as a novel,
and far mori; instructive than most histories." — Edinbuvgh Ixtvitw.
Miss Aikin has also given to the world, Mem. of the Court
of Queen Eliz., 1818, 2 vols. Svo; of the Court of Charles
I., 18:t:i, 2 vols. Svo; Lifeof Aildison, 1843. 2 vols. Svo.
Aikman, Jas, Poems, chiefly lyrical, Edin., 1816.
Ailmor, John. See Avl.mkr.
Ailrod of Kievanx, 1109-1106. The name of this
eminent writer, which was properly Ethelred, is variously
spelt in oUl manuscripts, Ailred, Aelred, Aired, Ealred,
Alured. (tc. Ailred, the most usual form, appears to bo
merely a north-country abbreviation of Ethelred. He was
horn in 1100. and was educated in company with Henry,
sou of David, King of Scotland, whose friendship, as well
as that of his father, he continued long to enjoy; and the
latter would have raised him to a bishopric, but he prefer-
red entering himself as a Cistercian monk in the Abbey of
Rievaux, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Here his vir-
tues and abilities were soon acknowledged by his fellow-
monks, and he was made master of the novices. His
monkish biographer tells us that his extraordinary sanctity
was exhibited Ijy miracles which he performed almost in
his childhood. After remaining some time at Rievaux,
Ailred was removed to be made ahl)ot of the monnstery of
Revesby in Lincolnshire, which was a more recent founda-
tion of the Cistercian order. He died on the 12th of Janu-
ary, 1166, at the age of fifty-seven. As an historical writer,
Ailred has little importance in comparison even with the
ordinary chroniclers of his age, for he too generallv pre-
fers improbable legends to sober truth. His historical
works are not very numerous. They consist of, 1. The
Life of Edward the Confessor, which has been frequently
printed. 2. An account of the Battle of the Standard,
printed by Twysden. 3. A work entitled in the old cata-
logue of Rievaux, De Generositate et Moribus et Morte
regis David, which also has been printed by Twysden, who
gives it the title Geuealogiaregum Anglorum. This book,
dedicated to Henry II. before his accession to the throne,
begins with an account of David, King of Scotland, which
is followed by a brief history of the Anglo-Saxon and
Anglo-Norman kings. The old bibliographers have made
more than one book out of this tract. 4. The Life of St,
Margaret, Queen of Scotland, which is only preserved in
an abridged form. 5. The Story of a Nun of Watton in
Yorkshire, who was seduced and afterwards repented.
6, 7. The early catalogue of the library of Rievaux,
printed in the Reliiiuia* Antiquae. enumerates, among Ail-
red's writings, a Vita Sancti Niniani Episcopi, and a trea-
tise De Miraculis Hagustaldcnsis Ecclesia?. The Lite of
St. Ninianus was formerly in MS., Cotton. Tiberius D. 3,
now nearly destroyed. The Miracles of the Church of
Hexham are preserved in the Bodleian Libraiy. John of
Peterborough, under the date 1103, observes, "Here emls
the chronicle of Ailred." Ailrcd's theological writings are
more numerous, and consist of. S. Thirty-three homilies or
sermons, De Onere Babylonis, on the thirteenth, fourteenth,
fifteenth, and sixteenth chapters of Isaiah, addressed to
Gilbert, Bishop of London, and therefore written after 1161.
9. The Speculum, or Mirror of Divine Love. 10. A Com-
pendium Speonli Oharitatis. 11. A dialogue Dc Spiritual!
Amicitia, the plan of which arose from the perusal of the
treatise De Amicitia of Cicero. 12. A tract on the words
of the evangelist. Cum factus csset Jesus annorum duode-
cimo anno Christi, which is sometimes entitled De duo-
decimo anno Christi. This work, and the four preceding,
were collected and printed at Douai early in the seventeenth
century, by Ri<--hard Gibbons, a Jesuit, and were rcjtrinted
in the Bibliotheca Patrum. 13. Liber de Institntionc In-
chisarum, or the Rule of Nuns. This, being i'ound with-
out the name of the author, was printed among the works
of St. Augustine, but it was given under Ailred's name in
the collection of monastic rules published by Lucas Hol-
stenius. It is enumerated among Ailred's works in the
early catalogue of the Rievaux library. 14. He wrote a
considerable number of homilies and sermons, some of
which have been printed. Thirty-two of his sermons are
intermixed with those of St. Bernard in a manuscript at
Lambeth, and twenty-five inedited sermons of the same
writer were printed in the Bibliotheca Cisterciensium.
15. A large collection of epistles by Ailred appear to be
entirely lost. 10. His dialogue De Katura Anima* is pre-
served in the Bodleian Library. MS. Bodl. Mus. o2.
17. The old catalogue of Rievaux mentions a work by
Ailred, entitled Fasciculus Frondium.
His rhythmical prose in honour of St. Cuthhcrt, as well
as his " Epitajih on the Kings of Scotland," is lost, unless
the latter be the prosaic Chrouicon Rhythmicum jirinted
at the end of the Chronicon of Mailros, in the edition by
Mr. Stevenson. Among the manuscripts of Cains College,
Cambridge, according to Tanner, there is a version of the
Life of St. Edward in Leonine Latin Elegiacs, ascribed to
Ailred, and commencing with the line, — ■
Cum tibi, Laurenti, cogor parere jubenti.
On account of this poem, Leyser admits Ailred into hia
list of mediteval Latin poets. — Abbreviated from Wrir/ht'a
Biog, Brit. Lit.
Ainslie, Alex,, M.D. Medical writer, Edin., 1753, &c.
Ainslic, Hew., b. 1792, Ayrshire, Scot., settled in
America, 1822. 1. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns. 2.
Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems, 1855, N. York, 12mo.
AinsHe, J. Treatise on Surveying, Edinburgh, 1.S12.
Tables for computing Weights of Hay, &c., London, 1806.
Farmer's Pocket Companion, Edinburgh, 1812. Treatise
on Land Surveying. A new and enlarged Edition, em-
bracing Railway, Military, Jlarine. and Geodetical Sur-
veying. Edited by W. Galbraith, M.A., F.R.A.S. In Svo,
with a quarto volume of plates, price 21s.
"The hest book on surveylni; with which I am acriuainted." — ■
WiLLL\M RUTUERFORD, LL.D., F.K.A.S., J^ot/al Military Academy^
Woolwich.
Ainslie, Robert. Blindness and Indifference of Men
to Futurity : a Discourse occasioned by the Death of
George the Fourth, London, 1S30.
'■ It is rifh iu practii-al and pointed reflections upon the thoujrht-
lessness of men in relVrenre to their eternal destiny, 'i'he dis-
course is very creilital'le to the authnr. both as a literary and
theological composition." — Evan. JUig., 1830.
Reasons for the Hope that is in us. A Series of Essays
on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, the
Immortalily .d" the Soul, &c., London, 1838.
Aiuslie, Sir Robert. Views in Egypt, Palestine, and
the Ottoman Empire, London, 2 vols. fol.
Ainslic, W., M.D., A. Smith and M. Christie, M.D.
Medical, Geographical, and Agrieultural Report by them,
on the Causes of the Epidemical Fever, which prevailed
AIN
in the Provinces of Caimbiitore. Madeira, Dini.'al, and
Tinnevelly, in 1809-10-U, Lon., 1816. "
Ainsworth, Henry, D.D., d. 1062, date and place of
birtb unknown, lie became a Brownist in 159U, and snf-
felcd in the persecutions which that sect endured, lie
found a refuge in Holland, where he h\honrcd with Jlr.
Johnson in raising a church at Amsterdam, and in com-
piling A Confession of Faith of the Peojde called Brown-
ists. He was noted, even in his youth, for his knowled^re
of the learned languages, especially for his skill in the
Hebrew tongue. He applied himself with great diligence
to the .study of the Rabbins, and is thought to have owed
his death to his zeal for the conversion of the Jews. Hav-
ing found a diamond of great value, he restored it to its
owner, a Jew, who begged him to accept a reward. Ains-
worth stipulated for an op|iortunity of a disputation with
some of the Rabbis upon the Old Testament jjropheeies
relating to the Messiiih. The Jew acceded to his request,
but unable or unwilling to perform his promise, had the
zealous divine poisoned, thus evincing the ndimn tlieolu-
gicum to a remarkable degree. Nan-ations of this character
are to be received with great caution. His Annotsitions
on the Psalms were printeil in 1612. 4to ; on the Pentateuch,
2 vols. 4to, 1621 ; and (folio) in 1627 and 1639. His trea-
tise, A Counter-Poison against Bernard and Crashaw. IIKIS,
excited much attention, and was answered by Bishop Hall.
Few authors have been more quoted by learned men of
Tarious countries than Dr. Ainsworlh. "CValch observes of
his Commentaries on the Psalms, "Monstrant ist;B erudi-
tioucm non niediocrum ac merito laudantur." In 169(1,
the work was translated into Dutch, and Poole has incor-
porated the substance of it in his Latin synopsis.
Dr. Doddridge and Dr. Adam Clarke express a high
opinion of the value of the Annotations.
Ainsworth, J. Obs. rel.to a pro. Duty on Cotton, 181.3.
Ain.sworth, Robert, 1660-174,3. well known as the
antiior of a work which many profit by nt first ac^ainst
their will — the Dictionary of the Latin Tongue." Mr.
Ainsworth was born at Woodyale near Manchester. His
Diction.ary cost him twenty years' labour, and was first
published in 17.36. It was dedicated to that eminent
scholar, one of the brightest ornaments of the medical pro-
fession. Dr. Richard Mead, of whom we shall have more
to say in his place. Of the Dictionary, there have been
improved editions by Patrick, Ward, Young, Carey, Ac.
This work was far better than any that preceded it. Since
its publication the treasures of the Latin tmigue have
been greatly developed by classical scholars in Germany
and elsewhere. The lexicons of Gesner, F,accioIati. Shel-
ler, Heorges, and Freund are of inestimable value to the
Et.idcnt. The Worterbuch dcr Lateinischen Sprache of Dr.
Williiiin Fieund w.as published in Leipzig in four volumes,
coulaiiiing 4500 pages, in the following order: vol. i.
(A— C) in 1834; vol. iv. (R— Z) in 1840: vol. ii. (D— K)
in 1844; and voL iii. (L— Q) in 1845. Upon the basis of
this work Dr. E. A. Andrews's Lexicon is foumlcd.
Ainsworth, W'm., author of Marrow of the Bible, in
Terse. Lou.. 1652. ami of other works.
Ainsworth, Win. Trijikx Mcraoriale, Ac, 1650.
Ainsworth, William Francis, M.D., b. 1807, at
Exeter; studied medicine and graduated at Edinburgh:
took charge of the Journal of Natural and GeograpliTcal
Science, 1828. 1. Researches in Babylonia. .Syria, Ac, 1842,
Lon., 8vo. 2. Travels and Researches in Asia Minor
Mesoiiotamia, Ac, 2 vols. p. 8vo. S. Travels in the Track
of the Ten Tliousand Greeks, IS 14. p. 8vo. i. The Claims
of the Christian Aborigines in the East.
Ainsworth, W. Harrison, novelist, b. 1S05, and in-
tenderl for the law. In 1820, hepub. anovel, John Cheverton,
which was commended by Sir Walter Scott. In 1834, Rook-
wood appeared, followed (after pub. of Crichton) bv another
bad book of the same class. Jack Sheppard. \\'oi"ks of this
mischievous character might be very approjiriately pub-
lished as a series, under the title of the "Tyburn Plutarch."
We are glad that the author has struck ujion a better vein
in his later works of fiction. The Tower of London, Old
Saint Paul's, Windsor Castle, and St. James's Palace, are
thought much mure creditable to the novelist than the
works above censured. Mr. Ainsworth resides in the
neighbourhood of Kilburn; he edits the Kew Monthly,
and the magazine which bears his name.
Ainsworth, T. The Validity of Episcopal Ordina-
tion, and invalidity of .any other, considered in Three
Letters between a Pre.ibyter of the Church of England
(T. Ainsworth) and a Dissenting Teacher, (Asher Hum-
phreys,) Oxford, 1719.
Ainsworth, Thomas, Vicar of Kimbolton. Sermon:
42
AIT
1 Cor. iii. 21-23. True Riches, or the Christian's Possea-
si<ins, London. 1840. Sermon: 2 Tim. iv. 5. Pastoral
Duties. (Visitation,) London, 1844.
Airay, Christopher, 1601-1670, of Queen's College.
Oxford, autborof a work on Logic, and some other treatises.
Airay, Henry, 1559-1016, Provost of King's College,
Oxl'ord. author of a number of theological works. The
Lectures upon Philippians were published 1618.
Aircl, James. Case of Spasms in the ffisophagus;
Medical E^s;iy.
Aird, 'i'homas, b. 1802, at Bowden, Roxburyshire.
A poet of much pfomise, author of the beautiful stanzas
entitled My Mother's Grave. He has pub. The Captive
of Fez: Old B.achelorin the Old Scottish Village: IthuricI,
and other poems ; Poetical Works, new and t°>mplete c.l.,
Edin., 1840, sm. 8vo: see Lon. Athen., 1485, April 12, 1856.
Religious Characteristics. Ed. Poems of David Macbeth
M(jir. (the " Delt.a" of Blackwood's Mag.,) with Memoir
prefixed, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Aires, Joseph. Two Serms. on Prov. xiv. .34. 1715.
Airy, George Biddell, b. Julv, 1801. at Alnwick,
Northumbcrhmd. Aslronomcr-Royal of England ; entered
Trmity Coll. at the age of 18; took the degree of B.A.,
182.3 ; in 1826. took the degree M.A., and waslippointed to
the Lucasian Professorship; in 1828, was elected Plumian
Prof, of Astronomy and Director of the newly-erected Ob-
servatory at Cambridge; he was appointed Astronomer-
Royal in 1835, on the resignation of Mr. Pond, and, in
the same year, was elected President of the Roy. Ast. Soc.
1. Reductions of Observations of the Moon, 1750-1830, 2
vols. 4to.
'■Au immense magazine of dormant facts cont.iinpd in the
Annals of the Koyal Ijbservatory are rendered available to astro-
nouncal use." — .\d.miral Smyth.
2. Astronomical Observations. Greenwich, 1845-53. 9 vols.
4to. 3. Explanation of the Solar Syst«m, Svo. 4. Lectures
on Astronomy at Ipswich, 1848, 8vo; 3d ed., 1856. 5.
Mathematical Tracts on Physical .\stronomy. 8vo; 4th ed.,
1858. 6. Treatise on Gravitation, Svo. Contrib. " Figure
of the Earth" and " Tides and Waves" to Encyclopedia
Metropolitana, " Gravitation" to Penny Cyclopedia, and
numerous valuable p:rpers to Philosophicnl Transactions,
Memoirs of Astronomical Society, Trans. Cambridge PhU.
Soc, Ac.
" Prof Airy, of Cambridge, the first of living mathematicians
and .HStronomers.— the first of tins country, at least."— .<>ir Hohrrt
Fed to Jlobffl Snutlmj, WhUdtall, April 4, 1835 : Soutlieu's Life and
Vorrf.s-p.. chap, xxxvi.
The Royal Astronomical Society awarded two of its
medals to Prof. Airy, — one for his " Observ.ations of the
Moon .and Planets from 1750 to 1830;" the other for his
discovery of the "Long Inequality of Venus and the
Earth." This paper was communicated to the Royal So-
ciety, and was published in the Philosophical Transactions.
Aisbatie, J. Speech before the House of Lords, 1721.
Aitchison. Modern (iazettcer, Perth, 1798.
Aitken, D., Surgeon R.N. Con. to Ann. of Med., yii.
309, 1S02.
Aitken, John, M.D., d. 1790, a teacher of anatomy,
surgery, Ac. at Edinburgh ; he published a number of pro-
fessional essays. 1771-90.
Aitken, Robert, 1734-1S02, came to America in
1709, and was for a long time a printer in Philadelphia.
He has the credit of the authox-ship of Au Inquiry con-
cerning the Principles of a Commercial System for the
irnited States. He published an edition of the Bible,
copies of which are now exceedingly rare, and worth B
high price among bibliogra])hers.
.Vitkeu, William. Ten Sermons, Edinburgh, 1767.
Aitkens, J. A work upon Fire Arms, London, 1781.
Aitkinsou. Epitome of the Art of Navigation, 1759.
Ailkinson. Sermons. London, 1772.
.lilon, John, D.D.. Minister of Dol|.hinton. The
Laud.^ of the i\lessijih, Mohammed, and the Pope, as visited
in 1851, pub. 1852, Svo, London.
" ^^ e doubt whether there has yet been produced a more amus-
iti|; volume upon the Kast. . . Dr. Alton's account of Ins ascent
of the 1'yr.aunds is so graphic that we must give it in his own
words; iudcH.-d, we question whether it would liave lH>cn possible
to Smollett, in his broadest comic mood, to heijrhten tbe etfect of
the picture. . . His sketches of the banks of the Joidan. and
tbe .shores of the Dead Sea, possess considerable merit." — Btach-
iviii'irs Miifiazinf..
" Dr. Alton, in composition, is always clear, sometimes eloquent,
and occasionally graphic. lie is honest and unprejudiced. aTid
looks on all with which he comes in contact with a fresh and
penetrating e.^ e. . . . The volume has honesty and freshness,
and is never dull or wearisome." — Fra.-iir's Miff'trine.
Aiton, William, agricultur.il writer, Glasg., 1805-16.
Alton, William, 1731-93 an eminent botanist, and
AIT
AKE
gnr«Uiur U) GtMiru;e III. Ilortus Kewensis: or, a Cata-
lo^uu uf the rianty lulLlvated id the Royal Botanic Gar-
dens :it Kew, iilustrated with enf^ravinj^s, Loudon, 1789,
3 vols. 1810-11, 5 Vols. See Aiton, W. T.
'• A most curiniis, instructive, and excellent liotanieal work,
Khirh for scientitic arrant;t'ment and execution has never been
Bur parsed." — Lowndes.
AitoD, William T., son of the former, and suc-
ceeled him as i;anlt'ner to the king. He published a new
editiun ul' Hnrtus Ke\vensi.«, (also an epitome of the same,)
an i .sume other horticultural works.
Akcnside, Mark, M.D., 1721-1770. was born Novem-
ber 9, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His father, a butcher of
that place, intended him for the ministry among the Dis-
senters, and he was accordingly sent to the University of
Edinburgh, where he remained three years. Preferring
the study of physic to that of divinity, he returned a sum
he had received for the prnsecution of his studies, and
took up his residence at Leydcn, where, after three years'
npplicution, he took his degree of M.D.. May 10, 1744.
In the same year he published his Pleasures of the Ima-
gination,
"I have heard Podsb^y, by whom it was published, relate, that
when the copy w;i> ulT-rt-d hini the price demanded for it. which
was a hundred and twenty pounds, being such as he was not in-
clined to tlive precipitately, he cari-ied the work to t'op.-. who, hav-
ing looked into it, ad%ised him not to make a nij;gardly oUer; tor
* this was no every-day writer.' " — Dii. Jofinson.
The poem was well received; and its circulation not in-
jured by an attack from Warburton, elicited by Akenside's
having adopted Shaftesbury's assertion respecting ridicule
as a test of truth. Jeremiah Dyson took up the cudgels
for Akenside, and thus the young author "awoke and
found himself famous." The Epistle to Curio was his
next publication. This was- an attack upon Pulteuey,
Earl of Bath, upon political grounds. Different opinions,
of course, were expressed of the merits of this epistle.
"A very acrimonious epistle." — Dr. Johnson.
"Impressive, moral, aud sensible production." — Hutchinson's
Bu^grnphia M'-dicu.
In 1745 he published his first collection of odes, and
soon after commenced the practice of medicine at North-
ampton, which he quitted for Hampstead, and in two
years and a half for London. His generous friend, Mr.
Dyson, who had before drawn his pen on his behiilf, now
generously drew his purse, and mmle him the handsome
allowance of £300 per annum. In June, 1751, the Royal
College of Physicians associated him as a licentiate, and
in April, 1754, he was elected a Fellow of the College,
having received a doctor's degree the preceding year by
mandamus at Cambridge. In 1759 he received the ap-
pointment of assistant physician to St. Thomas's Hospital,
and was shortly after made one of the physicians to the
queen. He was selected by the College of Physicians to
deliver the Gulstoniau lectures in 1755, and the Croonian
in 1756. Akenside was obtaining considerable eminence,
when he was attacked by a putrid fever, which proved
fatal on the 23d of June. 1770, in his 49fh year. We
should not omit to mention that his thesis upon taking
his degree of M.D. at Leyden, entitled De Ortu et lucre-
mento Foetus Humani, took new grounds upon the subject,
which experience has since confirmed.
In his professional conduct to the indigent patients
placed under his charge, Akenside cannot bo too much
blamed. Dr. Lettsom, a pupil at the Imspital, tells sume
unpleasant truths respecting this matter, which the bio-
grapher would gladly spare. He was
" Supercilious and unfeelino:. If the poor affrighted patients
did not return a direct answer to his queries, be would instantly
disi_har;^e them from the hospital; he evinced a particular disfi;ust
to females, and {lenerally treated them with harshness. One le;j;
of Akenside was considerably shorter than the other, which
obli;;ed him to wear a false heel. He had a pale, strumous coun-
tenance, but was always very neat and elef:;ant in his dress. He
wore a larj;e white wi^, and cai-ried a long sword."
We are told that sometimes he would order some of the
attendants on his visiting days to jjrecede him with
brooms to clear the way, and prevent too near an approach
of the patients. Biography is a faithful friend to the
race, when obliged to register the faults and follies of
genius. The living are thus taught circumspection in
their *'walk and conversation." How little did Akenside
suppose that a century hence thousands who admired the
poet, would be forced to detest the physician, and despise
the fop! The pride of Akenside, and his rough treatment
of his indigent patients, are the more striking when we
consider that he himself was a pensioner of the generous
Jeremiah D^'son. His lofty pretensiun, too, was suicidal to
his pride, as it was a continual remembrancer of his obscure
parentage: — obscure, but no subject for shame. As a son
of a butcher, ho was perfectly respectable ; when aping
fashion and rank, he was supremely ridiculous. Roche-
foucauld truly says that " we are never ridiculous for
what we are, but only for what we pretend to be."
We turn to a more agreeable theme. The Pleasures of
the Imagination has been deservedly commended for all
the excellencies of style, language, and illustration which
constitute a poem of the first order. Dr. John^ou speaks
of it as raising expectations that were not very amply
satisfied :
" It has, undoubtedly, a just claim to very particular notice, as
an example of great felicity ot jjenius. and uncommon amplitude
of acquisiiions; of a young mii.d stored with images, and much
exercised iu combiuing and couipariujj; them. . . . 'Ihe subject is
well chosen, as it includes all images that can strike or pli;ase,and
thus comprises every species of poetical delight."'
"As I know that Akenside's work on the Pleasures of Imagina-
tion is deservedly one of your most favourite poems. 1 seud you
enclosed what. 1 have no doubt, you will seta due value- upon —
no less than a copy of all the corrections he made with his own
hand on the poem. 'Ihey were inserted in the margin of his
printed copy, which afterwards passed into the hands of a gentle-
man, from a friend ot" whom, and of my own, a very ingenious
young Templar, 1 received them."' — Pi.nkerton: Jia-oti's Litters.
These marginal alterations were published by Mr.
Pinkerton.
"Had Akenside completed his plan, his poem would have lost
as much in poetry as it would have gained in philosophy."' — Dr.
AlKIN.
Akenside intended to revise and enlarge this poem, but
he died before his intention was fulfilled.
" Ilis periods are lung but harmoninus, the cadences fall with
grace, and the measure is supported with dignity."
Johnson declares that
"Of his odes nothing favourable can be said: the sentiments
commonly want force, nature, or novelty ; the diction is some-
times harsh and uncouth," Ac.
Yet when Mr. Elliott (father of Lord Minto) was com-
mended for his eloquent speech in support of the Scotch
militia, he exclaimed,
" If I was above myself. I can account for it ; for I had lieen
animated by the sublime ode of Dr. Akenside."
Gray censures the tone of false philosophy which is to
be observed in the Pleasures of the Imagination :
"The pleasures whiih this poem professes to treat of, proceed
either from natural objects, as from a nourishing grove, a clear
and murmuring fuuntain. a calm sea by moonlight, or from woi-ks .
of art. such as a noble edifice, a musical tune, a statue, a picture,
a poem."
Dr. Dibdin denominates Akenside
"The most perfect builder of our blank verse. Why are his
Pleasures of the Imagination so little perused? There are a hun-
dred (I had welluigh said a thousand] electrical passages in this
charminir poem."'
"Akenside's picture of man is grand and beautiful, but un-
finished. The imniftrtality of the soul, which is the natural con-
sequence of the appetites and po>s-ers she is invested with, is
scarcely once hinted throughout the poem." — Walker.
'•If his genius is to be estimated from this poem, it will be
found to be lofty and elegant, chaste, correct, aud classical." —
Mrs. Barbauld.
" In his poem, as an elegant critic has observed with great pro-
priety, he has united the grace of A'irgil, the colouring of Milton,
the incidental expression of ghaUspeare, to paint the finest fear
tures of the human mind, and the most lovely forms of true
morality and reli.;ion." — Bticl'''s Li/i nf Alcmn'de.
"Akenside's Pleasures of the Imagination is a very brilliant
and i>Ieasing production. Every page shows the refined taste and
cultivated mind of the author. Th;it it can strictly he called a
work of Lrenius. I am not prepared to admit Ills Ilynins
and Odes have long since fallen into oblivion, and I do not feel
inchned to disturb their rest. His Inscriptions, however, have
an attic terseness and force, which are unequalled by any produc-
tions of the same class in our language, excepting, perhaps, a few
by our contemporary, Southey." — JS'ede's Lectures on English
Bjetry.
Campbell remarks :
"The sweetness which we miss in Akenside is that which should
arise from the direct repref^entations of life, and its warm lealities
and affections. We seem to pass in his poem tbrouu'h a gallery of
pictured abstractions, i-ather than of pictured things."
"If any young man of genius. classi,-al learning, and poetical
ardour, would present the world with a (Ireek tianslation of
Akenside's Hymn to the Naiads, and sulimit it to the correction
of an experii'ticfd Greek scholar before publication, he mij-ht es-
tablish a Iparnod and honourable reputation for himself, and add
another nmipositii'ii wiithy nf IPuner <n- Calliniaclins. Sic ticeat
ma'Tuas Cnii'rum iinpl.'re c:\iiT\ us."— Pursuits of I.itn->itnr-\
'MtNSwr:i,i. : ■ Akenside's distinguislied poem is his Pleasures of
Imagination; but. for my part, I never could admire it so much
as most people do.' JnnxsoN: 'Sir, I could not read it throu'-rh.'
BoswEix: ' T have read it through; but I did not find any great
power in it.' "
But on another occasion Johnson gave it as his opinion
that Akenside was a poet superior to both Gray and Ma-
son. Boswell tells us that
43
AKE
"Wliiin Akenside's Pleasures of Imagination first came out,
he rtict not put his name to the poem. Holt went over to DuWin.
puMi^hed an edition of it. and put his own name to it. Upon tlie
fam.' "f this he lived for several months, being entertained at the
be.st tallies, as the ingenious Jlr. liolt."
We need hardly inform those conversant with literary
history that this story has heen refuted. We shall excite
a smile from our reader, when we beg him to remember
that bigoted worshipper of the Greeks and Romans, that
getter-up of that renowned " dinner after the manner of
the ancients," — the inimitable physician in Peregrine
Pickle! ^ The original of this mirth-compelling son of
.^isculapius was no less a person than our pompous friend
— Doctor Akenside. Tobias Smollett was a rare hand at
a portrait! Mr. D'Israeli rates Dr. S. soundly for thus
" taking off" his brother of the lancet and bolus :
" Pi iue4 with Akenside. for some reflections against Scotland.
Smollett has exhibited a man of great genius and virtue as a most
ludicrous person.age; and who can discriminate, in the ridiculous
physician in Peregrine Pickle, what is real from what is fictitious >"
— CiUundtna af Authors.
Akenside's works: 1. Pleasures of Imagination, Lon-
don. 171-t, 4to, 1763, 8vo, with a Critical Essay by Mrs.
Barbauld, London, 1795, 12mo. Numerous edi'tioiis. In
Italian. P.ar. 1764. 2. Ode to Lord Huntingdon. London,
1748. 3. An Ode to the Country Gentlemen of England,
London, 1757. 4. An Ode to the late Thomas Edwards,
London, 1763. 6. Notes on the Postscript of a Pamphlet,
entitled, Ob.«ervations Anatomical and Physiological, by
Alexander Munro, .Ir., London, 1758. 6. Oratio Har-
veiana, 1760. 7. De Dysenteria Commentarius, London,
1764. The same, translated into English, by Dr. Ryan,
London, 1786, and by Mr. Motteu.x, 1768. 8. Poems, Lon-
don, 1772. 9. Poetical Works, including the Virtuosa. a
Fragment never before published, with the Life of the
Author, London, 1804. 10. Observations on Cancers,
Medical Transactions, i. p. 64, 1768. 11. Of the use of
Ipecacuanha in Asthmas, ibid. p. 93. 12. A Method of
treating White Swellings of the Joints, ibid. p. 104.
13. Observations on the Origin and Use of the Lymphatic
Vessels of Animals, being an extract from the iVulstonian
Lectures, Phil. Trans. Abr. .xi. 145. 14. Of a Blow on the
Heart, and its Effects, ibid. xii. 39, 1763.
^ In speaking of Akenside as a physician, we have already
given him credit for the new, yet legitimate, ground as-
sumed by his thesis De Ortu et Incrcmento, Ac.
" His principal medical work. De Dysenteria Commentarius, has
been commended, and is still to be valued, for the elcanre of its
Latinity. Patholo.gy has made great advances since the time r,f
Akenside. and the distinction between inflammation of the serous
muscular, and mucous textures, are now bettir ui)<lrr.itond The
treatment of dysentery depends upon the condition oftho.se struc-
tures, and Akenside's book is therefore no longer sought after but
as a specimen of elegant composition."
See Life, Writings, and Genius, by Bucke, Svo, Lon-
don. 1832: Pleasures of Imagination, byAikin; Poems,
in the Memoir by Dyce; Biog. Brit.; Johnson's Lives of
the Poets.
Alicrby, Geo. Life of Mr. J. Spiller, Lon.. 1729
Akermaii, John Yonge. 1. A Numism.alic Ma-
nual ; or. Guide to the Collection and Study of Greek
Roman, and English Coins. Illustrated by engravings
of many hundred Types, by means of which even iiS-
perfect^and obliterated pieces may be easily deciphered,
1 vol. Svo. ^
'■ We have loiig looked for a work on Numismatics which might
give so much information as every well-cdmateil man ou.'ht to
possess, be frw Irom vulgar errors, and at the same time be within
the reach of the general reader. .Inst such a work has llr Aker-
man given i\a."—Cliurch r,f England Quarterly lievirw, Oct. 1S40.
2. Descriptive Catalogue of Rare and Unedited Roman
Coins ; plates on India paper, 2 vols, royal 8vo, large
paper, 1834. 3. Ancient Coins: Ilispan., Gallia. Britan-
nia, Svo. 4. Archajological Index to Remains of Anli-
qnity, Svo. 5. Introd. to Study of Anct. and Mod. Coins,
12mo. 6. Legends of Old London, p. Svo. 7. Numis-
matic Illustrations of the New Testament. 8. Roman
Coins relating to Britain, Svo. 9. Spring Tide, 12mo. 10.
Tradesmen's London Tokens, 1648-72. 8yo and llo. 11.
Remains of Pagan Saxondom, 1855, 4to. Other works.
AIal)astrr, Win., D.D.. flourished in the end of the
16th and beginning of the 17th century. He was born
in bufTolk, educate.l at Cambridge, and afterward- :
porated of the University of Oxford
ALB
lishcd Commentarius de ccrfa Apocalypfica, London, 1621 •
Lexicon Pcnt,aglottnn Hehraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacnm[
Ac. 1637; and several other works. Anthony Wood is
loud in his praises :
" He was the rarest poet and Orecian that any one age or nation
ever produced. He hath written Itoxana, Tragedia. admirably
well acted more than once in Trin. foil. Hall in Camlir.. and was
soon after published, full of faults, contrary to the authors mind ■
whereupon he took great pains to correct and amend H:'—Allin,a:
Ojrotiif'uses.
Dr. Johnson commends Roxana " as a composition equal
to the Latin poetry of Milton; and Richard Herrick, the
poet, in his Hespcrides, doth highly celebrate Alabaster
for his elaliorate works. He died about 1640, and was
buried according to the discretion of his dear friend, Nich.
Bacon of Grey's Inn."
Alaine, R. A treatise on Astron. Instruments.
Alan ]>o Lynn, flourished .about 1420; was born at
Lynn, Norfolk. He applied himself to theology and
philosophy at Caniliridge, where he took the degree of
doctor. He was a preacher of note, and left many works,
a list of which will be found in Tanner. Let it be recorded
to his credit, for all time, that he was a famous hand at
those invaluable literary charts — indexes. May his ex-
am|de be ever honoured liy laudable imitation !
Alan, Allen, or Allyn, William, 1532-1594, car-
dinal of the Church of Koine. His name occurs as one of
the translators of the New Testament, Rheims, l.iS2. He
was the author of a number of works, principally in de-
fence of his church, of which he was so zealous an advo-
cate that he used his influence to persuade Philip of Spain
to invade England. Indeed, he wrote two books to prove
the eflicacy of the Bull of Sixtiis V., by which he con-
tended that the queen was accuised and deprived of her
crown, and her subjects no longer bound to alleo-iance.
Fuller says :
'■ Hear what different characters two authors of several per-
suasions bestow upon him, ■ He was somewhat above an ordi-
nar.y man in stature, comely of countenance, composed in his gait,
affable in all meetings, and, for the gifts of his mind, pious
learned, prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble
modest, meek, patient, peaceable: in a word, beautiful and adorned
with all kinds of virtues.'— Kto tie Anglia Smplnrihw: p TO'
Look first upon this picture; then on this: ' He was the last of
our l-.n-'h^b cidiiials in time, and first iu wickedness: deservino-
not t,i be .■.luTit.d among Englishmen, who. asanotherHerostratus!
to achieve himself a name amongst the grandees of earth. ende.v
voured to hre the Church of Knglaud. the noblest (without envy
be it spoken) in the Christian world : so that his memory deserveth
to be buried in oblivion,' Godwin, in his Catalo'me of Cardinals-
'Let them say what they please, certain it is, he was an active
man, and of great parts and prudence,' "— Antbont Wood.
Aland, John Fortescue, first Baron Fortescue of
Credan, 16711-1716, descended from the famous Sir John
Fortescue, Chancellor of England in the reign of Henry VI.
A collection of reports taken by him, and called by his
name, was published in 1748.
. ".^? .h'ghl.v were his literary attainments esteemed, and his
judicial merits appreciated, that the University of Oxford conferred
on him by diploma, in 1733, the degree of civil law,''
^ Aland was a friend of that eminent Saxon scholar, M'il-
liam Elst(d) : and in the preface to his Book of Absolute and
Unlimited Monarchy, he gives an .account »f Elstob's pro-
ject of compiling a very valuable edition of all the Saxon
laws, both in print and MSS. This design was cut short
by Elstob's death. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes vol
iv. pp. 117, 120.
Alanc. On the authority of the Word of God, &o.
Alan.son, E. Sermon.s. Liverpool, 1723-34. '
Alanson, E., surgical writer, London, 1771-82
Alanus de Insulis, of the 12th century, called Doc-
tor Universalis, is supposed to have been an Englishman
as well from other circumstsinces as from the notice of Jo-
seph of E.xeter's poem on the Trojan war
" Hlic pannoso plebescit carmine wmler —
Knnius, et priaini fortunas intonat,"
In addition to the Anti-Claudianus, he was the author
of numerous works in prose and verse. See Histoire Lit-
tcraire de France. His contemporary of the same name
(called " Senior," for distinction) was" a native of Lille in
Flanders.
Alberieus de Vere, a canon of St. Osyth's.in Esses,
contemporary with Richard, wrote a life' of St. '
.r, , ,■ ; , - •■". «. .Ji. Osyth.
, , „ , Du.gdnle makes him the second son of the second Alberic
*.„j „,, „ , , •, -•. lie attended Robert, do Vere, E:irl of Oxford, who died e-irlv in the rni^m „f
r^^ecurning to the Church of England. He pub- , of his monastery, (which Tanner supposes to have been
ALB
ALC
only a part of the lifo of St. Osytb,) and a treatise on the
Eucharist. — Wrif/ht's Bioy. Brit. Lit.
Albert, fictitious title of Aumstrosg, Rev. John.
Albiu, Eleazar, a drawer and painter in natural
history, and publisher of many works upon insects, birds,
and Fishes, Loudon, 1720, itc.
Albia, J. History of the Isle of Wight, Newport, 1795.
Albine, or De JSeres, Johu, author of a Notable
Discourse against Heresies, 1576, directed against Calvin
and his disciples, answered by Thomas Spark aud Robert
Crowley.
Albis, Thomas De, See White, Thomas.
Albricius lived in the reigns of Kings John and
Henry III., according to Leland. Bale gives London as
the place of his birth, and states that he studied both at
Oxford and Cambridge. He was eminent as a physician
aud philosopher, was a great scholar, and travelled in quest
of knowledge. 1. De Origine Deorum. 2. De Ratione
Veneui. 3. Virtutes Autiquorum. 4. Canones Spcculativi.
A treatise, De Deorum Imaginibus, in the Mythographi
Latiui, has the name of Albricius attached to it, but the re-
ference may be to Albricius, Bishop u( Utrecht, 8th century.
Albyn, B. Appeal to G<ul and the King, Lon., 1697.
Albyne, Sermons for Benefit of Bath Hospital, 1786.
Alchorue, W. B.y B.D. Funeral Sermon, Col. iii.
4, 1(>71.
Alcock, John, LL.D., died 1500, was successively
Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely. lie was born
at Beverly, Yorkshire, educated at Cambridge. He wrote
several works : 1. Muns Perfectiouis. 2. Abbatia Spiritils
Sancti. 3. Homilie Vulgares. 4. Meditationes Piaa. 5.
Spousage of a Virgin to Christ, ko.. In allusion to his
own name, he wrote a treatise entitled Galli Cantus ad
Confratres suos, decorated with prints of the bird. He
was an excellent architect, and comptroller of the royal
works and buildings under Henry ^'^I. Ho was also
preferred Lord Chancellor of Euglaud by the same
monarch.
Alcock, Mrs. Mary, sister to R. Cumberland.
Poems, London, 17S9.
Alcock, Nathan, M.D. The Rise of Mahomet ac-
counted for on Natural and Civil Principles, Lond., 1796.
Alcock, T., pub. Sermons, Essays on Poor Laws,
kc. ]75(), Ac.
Alcott, Amos Bronson, b. 1799, at Wolcott, Conn.
He devoted many years to the cause of education, and his
original views on the subject attracted consitlerable atten-
tion in Europe and America. Conversations with ChiMren
on the Gospels, Best., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. See Appleton's
New Amer. Cyc.
Alcott, J. Jesus, King of Saints, Ac, 1794.
Alcott, William A., M.D., born 1798 at Wolcott,
Connecticut. Distinguished author and public lecturer on
Physiology, Hygiene, and Practical Education. Has
written and edited upwards of 100 vols, on various sub-
jects, of which the following arc a part: House I live in;
Young Man's Guide; Young Woman's Guide; Young
Mother; Young Husband; Young Wife; Young House-
keeper; Lectures on the Ten Cummandments ; Lectures on
Lifo and Health ; Vegetable Diet Defended; Water Cure;
Prize Essay on Ti)liacco; A;c. tfec. (fee. Also has been
editor of and contributor to many moral and educational
journals. Many of Dr. Alcott'a works have been very
popular.
Alcuin, 7S5-S04. The last of the distinguished
Anglo-Saxons, whose name shed lustre on the empire of
the Prankish raonarchs in the eighth century, was Alcuin.
There is only one early life of Alcuin, which is anonymous,
and was written in 829, by a person who obtained much
of his information from Sigulf, Aleuiu's friend and dis-
ciple: it is printed in the editions of Alcuin's works, in
the Acta SS. Ord. S. Bened. of Mabillon, in the collection
of Surius, and in the Acta Sanctorum of the Bcdlandists.
The richest source of information relating to his history
is his Epistles. Much has been written concerning Alcuin
in modern times; a sketch of his life is given by Mabil-
lon ; a more extensive life was composed in Latin by the
prince-Abbot Frobeuius, and prefixed to his edition of
his works. More recently Alcuin's life has been published
by Dr. Frederick Lorenz, Profe.ssor of History at the Uni-
versity of Ilalle, (1S29,) translated into English by Jane
Mary Slee, (sm. 8vo, London, 1837.) Burn at York about
the year 735, of a noble family, Alcuin was scarcely
weaned from his mother's breast when he was dedicated
to the church, and intrusted to the care of the inmates of
the monastery; and on reaching the proper age he was
placed in the school of Archbishop Egbert, then cele-
brated for the number of noble youths who crowded thither
to imbibe instruction from the lips of that prelate. Al-
cuin was distinguished above his fellows by his applica-
tion to the study of the sciences, which were taught by
Egbert's kinsman, Aelbert, who succeeded him in 766 in
the see of York, and in the management of the school.
Alcuin was Aelbert's favourite pupil ; when about twenty
years of age he was chosen to aceompauy him on a visit
to the Continent in search of books and of new discoveries
in science, and on that occasion he resided a short time at
Rome. In 7S1, Alcuin visited Parma, on his return from
Rome, and there met veith Charlemagne, who had also
been at Rome. That monarch was then meditating the
foundation of scholastic institutions throughout his domi-
nions, aud being well informed of Alcuin's great reputa-
tion for lenrning, if not already personally acquainted
with him, he invited him to settle in France, and to be-
come his adviser and assistant in his projects of reform.
Alcuin readily complied with the king's desires; but he
continued bis journey home to fulfil bis original commis-
sion, and to obtain the consent of the Archbishop of York
and the King of Nurlhumbria (Alfwold) to the proposed
arrangement. With the approbation of his spiritual and
temporal superiors, having cliosen some of his own pupilg
as companions, he returned to France in the year 7S2.
The positi<jn of Alcuin at the court of Charlemagne
during his first residence in France has been compared
and contrasted with that of Voltaire and other learned
foreigners, who were patronized by Frederick the Great.
Without holding any actual employment, he lived as the
friend and counsellor of the Frankisli monarch, was the
companion of his private hours, which were spent in dis-
cussing questions of theology and science, aud acted as
the iustructor of his children. After remaining about
eight years in France, ho resolved to return to York.
Charlemagne begged him to come back speedily, and make
the court of France his lasting home; a request to which
Alcuin was willing to consent, if he could make it consist-
ent with his duties to his native country. ''Although/'
he said, " I possess no small inheritance in my own coun-
try. I will willingly resign it, and in poverty serve thee;
let it lie thy care to obtain the permission of ray king and
my liisht^'p." Alcuin came to England in the year 790, as
aml'assador from Charlemagne to King Offa, to arrange
some misunderstanding which had arisen between these
two great monarchs. From 792 to 796 Alcuin continued
to reside at the court of Charlemagne, in the same relation
to his patron as before his visit to England. His position
was rendered agreeable, not only by the favour of the
royal family, but by the society of a circle of learned
friends; yet his happiness was frequently interru-pted by
grief at the troubles with which his native country was
visited.
Alcuin's letter to the monks who had escaped from the
massacre at Liudisfarue will serve as a specimen of his
epistolary style. We give some extracts:
*' Beatissimi Patris sancti scilicet Cudberctl Episcopi optimis in
Christo filiis Ilugibaldo Episcopo omni Congregatiani Lindisfar-
nensis Ecclesi;c, Alchuinus Diaconus, coelesti in Christo bunedio-
tiono salutem.
" Vesti'je vero caritatis familiaritas pva'sentem multum rae
la'titicare solcbat: sed versa vice vestra" tribulationis calamitas,
licet absentem. multum me quotidie contristat. Quomodo pajraui
contaminaverunt sanctuaria Dei. et fuderunt sanp;uinem sancto-
rum in circuitu altaris. ^'astaveruut domum spei uostra-, cjilca-
verunt corpora sanctorum in teniplo I)ei quasi sterquiliniuni in
platea. Quid nobis dicendum est, nisi plaufrendimi animo vobis-
t'um ante altare Christ i. et dicere: Parce Bomine, parce populo
tuo. et ne des ha?reditatem pentihus. ne dicant pa^'ani, ubi est
Deus Christianorum? Quse est fiducia Ecclesiis Hritanniie, si
Sanctus Cudberctus suam non defendit cum tauto sanctorum
numcro? Aut hoc majoris initium est doloris, aut peccata hald-
tantium hoc exegerunt. Non enim quiddam casu contingit. sod
magui cuililiet meriti judicium est. Sed modo. ((ui residui eslis,
state viriliter, pugnate fortiter, defendite castm Tei. Memen(ot«
.ludam Machabeum. quia templum Dei purgavit, et pnpnlura
emit, ut eliU'ravit extranea. 8i quid coriigeudum sit in minitms
mansuetudinls vestr.T. citius corri;_'ite. Patronos vestros ad vos
revocate, qui vns ad tempus dereliijuerunt. Non defuit illi.s pntes-
tas apud Dei clrmi-iili.iin ; sed nescimus. cui tacuerunt. Nolite
gloriari in vaiiitate vr^tiimi; hsec non est gloria sacerdotum et
servorum Dei. sed contuuielia. Nnlitein ebrietate verba oration um
vestrarium delere. Non exeatis post luxm-ias carnis et avaritias
seculi; sed in servitio Dei et regularis vita' discipliua firmiter per-
manete, ut sanctissinii patres, qui vos genuerunt. vobis prntec-
toresesse non cessent, . . . Et tu. T'atcr Sancte, Dux populi D«>i.
Pastor gregis sancti. medicus animarum, lucerna super candela-
brum posita, esto forma in omni bonitate cunctis te videntibus.
Sit tuus coniit,itus honestis moribus, aliis exemplum ad vitam,-
non ad perditionem. Sint tibi epulce, non in ebrietate. sed in so-
brietate. Sint vestimenta tuo gradui condigna. Noli te confor-
mare seculi honiinibus in vanitate aliqua. Inanis ornatus vestl-
mentorum, et cultus inutUis tibi est opprobrium ante homines, et
45
ALC
ALC
peccAtnm ante Deum. Melius est animam in perpetuum perma^
nenttm bonis ornare moribus, quam corpus cito in pulvere pu-
trescens exquisitis comere vestibus. Vestiatur et satietur Cbris-
tuB in paupere, ut haec faciens rejrnet cum Chiisto. Redemptio
viri propria' divitiu?. Si aurum dilisamus. pr.Tinittamus nobis in
coelum, ubi servabitur nobis, et quod amemus. habemus. Auieraus
aeterua, et non peritura. Veras dili^ramus divitias. et non caducas;
Bempiternas non transitorias. Paremus nobis laudem a Deo, et
non ab hominibus. Faciamus. quod feceruut. sancti, quos lauda-
mus. Pequamur illorum vestigia in tenis, ut illorum gloi-ise con- j
sortes esse mereamur in cfelis."
In 803, Alcuin's zeal in defending the privileges of the ,
churcJi drew upon him the temporary displeasure of Charle- |
magne, and his grief on that occasion probably hastened
his death. He died at Tours, on Whitsunday, the 19th of
May, 80-i, and was buried with great pomp in the church
of St. Martin. An epitaph, written by himself in Latin
elegiacs, was placed on his tomb, and is preserved by his
ancient biographer.
The Epistles form the most interesting portion of Al-
cuin's works, not only as being the principal source of in-
formation relating to his character and life, but for the light
which they throw np<jn contemporary history. Though
his Latin is far from pure, these Ejiistles are in general
clear and dignitied ; the latter characteristic sometimes de-
generates into inflated pompousness. Next in importance
to the Epistles, are his Poems, which are extremely varied
in character, consisting of a long piece in hexameters on
the bishops and saints of the church of York, an elegy on
the destruction of Lindisfarne by the Danes, and a con-
siderable number of epigrams, epitajdis, and jenigmata.
The best of these poems in point of composition, and that
which has been most frequently quoted, is the Elegy on
the Destruction of Lindisfarne. Latin poetr}' did not flou-
rish in the age of Alcuin, and it is not much in favour of
this piece to say that it is superior to most of the poems
of the time. The following reflections on the uncertainty
of human happiness, are perhaps the most striking pas-
sage it contains :
"Postquam primus homo Paradisi liquerat hortos,
Kt miseras tt-rra' miser adibat optrs:
Exilioque gravi po?nas cum pmle luebat,
Perfidia; quoniam furta maligna gerit:
Per varios casus mortalis vita cucun-it,
Diversoque di>-s oiiiuis liabetat bomo:
Fatali cursu misicntur tiistia la-tis;
Nulli firma fiiit n';:ula hititije.
Nemo dies cunctos felices semper halwbit,
Nemo sibi semper gaudia certa tenet.
Nil manet a't*Tnum celso sul) cardine coeli,
Omnia vertuutur temporil>us variis.
Una dies ridet. casus eras altera planget,
Nil fixum faciet tessera l^^ta tibi.
Prospera rontnrbat snrs tristibus impia semper,
Alternis vi. ibus ut niiit unda maris.
Nunc niiiat ;i!iiia dii>., vt'iii.-t nox atra tenebris,
Ver llorrt ;:ciiiiuis, liii-ms frrit hncque decus.
Si'i'Tiniin stfllis i-ulint-n it'|iiiv.ritiir almis,
(Juas luibi'S nipuiiit inibrifr;i' subito.
Et sul ijisf ilif ni'-di;t sultduoitur ardens.
Cum tniKit uiidMsi auster de vertice pnli. (sic.)
Siepius I'vcils'is fiiiuiit ut fulgura nmntes,
Summaque silvarum flamma ferire solet;
Sic maj<»r maguis subito sa^pissime rebus
Eveuiet casu forte ruina malo.''
The theological writings of Alcuin are generally divided
into three classes : his Commentaries on the Scriptures,
which are characterized by the same partiality for typical
interpretations as characterizes those of Bede, his Dog-
matic Treatises, and his Liturgic Works, (Opera Liturgica.)
The Commentaries consist of the Questions and Answers on
the Book of Genesis, which were translated into Anglo-
Saxon, the Comments on the Penitential P.salms. on the
Song of Solomon, and on the Book of Ecclesiastes, the
Interpretationes Noniinum Hebraicorum, and the Com-
mentaries on St. John, and on the three Epistles of St.
Paul. His prineijial Dogmatic writings are the treatises
de Fide Trinitatis and De Processione Spiritus Sancti, and
his books against Felix and Elipandus. Under the head
of Opera Liturgica arc classed the Lilier Sacramcntorum,
the treatise De Psalmorum Usu, the Oflieia per Ferias, and
the tracts De Virtutibus et Vitiis and De Animie Ratione.
To these works are joined four lives of Saints, three com-
piled by Alcuin, those of St. Martin of Tours, of St.
Richarius, and of his countryman Wilbrord, (the latter in
prose and in verse,) and one, that of St. Vedastus, com-
posed by an older writer, but corrected and edited by him-
self. The tracts which Alcuin compiled for the purposes
of instruction are few, and are not remarkable for their
manner or the informatitm they contain ; they consist of
four treatises, De Grammatica, De Orthographia, De Rhe-
t(jrica et Virtutibus. and Do Dialectica, with several brief
tracts, some of which are of doubtful authenticity. The
Hi
last editor of the works of Alcuin has given a collection
of pieces either doubtful or decidedly supposititious, among
which the only one of any importance is the Confessio
Fidei, which has been believed by many scholars and theo-
logians to be a genuine work of the preceptor of Charle-
magne. There can be no doubt that some of the writinga
of Alcuin are lost: among these the most important must
have been the Biography of Charlemagne, attributed to
him on the authority of an expression of Eginhard ; though
it is somewhat doubtful whether such a work ever existed.
Many of the writings of Alcuin were published sepa-
rately, or in collections, during the IGth century. Ilia
works were first printed collectively, hut very imperfectly,
by Andre Duchesne (under the Latinized name of Andreas
Quercetanus) in 1617. A far more complete edition was
published in 1777, by Frobenius, Prince-Abbot of St. Em-
meram at Ratisbon. But this also might be rendered much
more perfect by a collection of the manuscripts preserved
in our English libraries. Many of the separate editions of
the writings of Alcuin are extremely rare. It is probable
that some of them have entirely escaped our researches.
Of others we can only speak from the indications of biblio-
graphers. Some of the letters have been printed singly in
books, which, it was not considered necessary to point out.
It may be observed that the manuscripts in England con-
tain several inedited letters.
Editions of Ai.cuin. — AUuinus de Fide Trinitatis, in the Ilomi-
liarum. liasilia' per Mculaum I\essl(-r. aiinu Md '( '( 'XrVI 11. No-
nas Augusti, Kr|irint.-d in otlier H<'niili;iri;i nf tiip I'tb century.
Ali-uiiius d(.- Fidf '1 rJnitatis. Impressuni est piieseus Opusculum
in I ttiiipui rh:i Mniiaslerio tfS. MM. Al.-xandri et Theodori. Ord.
S. Bin. AiiiKi .MDI\. Tal. Sept. This was the brst production of
the I'rintiiig-i.lhie fst;il>lished in tlie mnuastery of Ottobur^r by
Abbot Ix-oiiard. Albini Diaconi An^'lici in D. Joannis Evangelion
commeiitariurum libri septem, Christiana fruye refertissimi. Ar-
gentorati. Anno MDXXVII. ^vo. D. Albini Caroli illius Magnl
olim praceptoris. in Genesim fjua-stiones. a Menardo Molthero
restitut,T. Ilapanoa^ per lo. Sec, Anno MDXXIX. 8vo. Alcuini
Dialectica and tlie Pialofius de Khetorica, edited together by Me-
nardus ."^Inllij.i us. Svo. Hay;enoa?. 1529. Alcuinus de Fide Trini-
tatis. 8vo. Ar;_'fiil.>i;iti, looO. Albini Theologorum suastatis doctis-
simi. in KccK■^ia^tl■n L'ommentaria. IJasila?. ex ofticina Bebeliana,
MUXXXI. Svo. Frobenius states it as doubtful if this edition
were printed at Basil or Strasburg. It is dedicated to John Long-
land, Bishop of Lincoln. Albini iu Septem I'salmos Pceuitentiales
et cxviii. Psalmum, et in Cantica Graduum, Expositio. Paris, ap.
Nicolaum Divitem. 1547. Svo. — 7iltKpo7rpea/3vriKov, Basil. 1.3oo. p.
445. The Questiones in Genesin. The Qua'stiones in Genesin. and
the Expositii) in Psalmos Po-nitentiales. were printed in the collec-
tion of the Orthodoxographi. fob Basil. 1555. Alcuini Liber Sacra-
mentorum, was printed iu Jacobi Pamelii Opera Liturgica, Colon.,
1561. 1571. and 1009. Alcuini Institutiones Khetorica?, per Mat.
Gallenum, 4to. Duaci. 1564. Counnentarius in Psalmos Pi"eniten-
tiales, Svo. Paris, 1508. De Tirtutibus et Vitiis. in the Bibl. Pat-
rum. Paris, 1575. !I<imfli;f. Col., 1076. The t^uastiones in Gene-
sin, inserted in the KiMiothi-ca Patrum, fol. Paris, 1579, torn. is.
Coramentaiia in l'>ilesiasten, cum Epistola de Baptismi Cferemo-
niis. Svo. Paris, 15S9. De Sanctissima Trinitate Libellus: Admo-
dum reverendi patris F. R. Alcuini Albini Abbatis quondam S.
Martini Turonensis: ad serenissimum ac potentissimum regem ac
imperatorem AuijustumCarolum Magnimi. Uepertus primum et
descriptus e vetusto codice in celeberrimo virorum divino cultui
mancipatorum caninbio Augi.T Divitis nuncupato. acnuncdemum
industria Nicuhii Kalt tvpiMlivulu'atus. Cnnstaiitiie. 159r>. Antiijui
lUietoivs l.atiiii. Ex biMii.tb.-(;i Kr;iii<is.i I'itbni.i IC. 4to. Paris,
1599. ]>ii. .';.'/.»-; ;>^ 2. AUuini sivr Alttiiii de Arte lUietoricaDialogus.
Some nf liis epistles were printed at Ingolstadt. 4to, 1601. Cani-
sius. Lectiones Antiqua^. fol. IGOl. Ed. Basnaj^e. fol. Antverpim,
tom. ii. p. 376. Supplementum ad Alcuini librum de Virtut. et
Vitiis. pp. 379-456. Alcuin's Plpistles. from a MS. at St. Gallen,
pp. 457-471. his homily on "Wilbrord, and the metrical life of that
Saint, pp. 488-505. Alcuini Dialectica. pp. 506-538. Alcuini Gram-
matica. 5.V9-54S. Epistnla de Caniicorum Loco, and the treatise
DeCairemoniis Baptismi attriliut'dtn him. Thesaurus Ilomiliarum
seu Concionum, ex prob;itissiiii(innn patrum. et SS. Ecclesia' Ca-
tholic.'e tarn Gra-corum quam 1-atinorum Doctorum monumentis,
ab Alcuino Flacco. jussu Carcili Mairni primum .acri judicio erectus,
commodfMiue ordine pro ratione tempftris in totius anni Evangelia
distiilmtus. Tandem vero pro melioii usu. religi osissimi et doo-
tissimi F. Laurentii Surii Carthusiani opem. in totius anni Episto-
Las concionibus exegeticis ex eisdem antiiiuissimomm Patrum
adytis petitis plurimum auctns. ab innuraerisijue mendis vindicar
tus. fill. ('ill. Agrip., 1604. The homilies of Alcuin only form the
foundation of this work. — Dialectica Alcuini. 4to,lngolstadt.l(i04.
Grammatica' Latinae Auctores Antiqui. Opera et Studio IleliJB
Putschii. 4to. ITanov..l605. coll. 2075-2142. Flacci Alcuini. Camlj
Magiu Imp. Magistii. Grammatica. Opera, colle'-ted and edited by
Andre Iiuchesne. fol. Paris. 1617. Alcuini Dialectica, cura Met.
■Weiss. Salisburgi. 1029. Historian Francorum Scriptores. Opera
ac Studin Andrew du Chesne Oeographi Kegls. fol. Lut., Paris,
1636. Tomns ii. pp. 668-690. Twenty-eight letters of Alcuin. pp,
690-693. four Epitaphs, and his A'ersus ad Carolum Imperatorem.
Compendium in Canticmn Canti'-orum. ex edit. Patr. Junii. Lon-
don. 163S. D'Achery. Spii-ilegium sive Collectio veterum aliquot
Scriptorum, 4to. 1654. tom. vi. pp. 391 and 396, three letters of Al-
cuin,torn, ix.p.lll. preface to the Exposition of the Psalms. Nova
editio. f.-I. Pans, 1723. tom. iii. 321. 322. 323. the letters and preface
to the Psalms. Confessio. seu Doctrina de Den. edited by ChifHet,
4to. 1656. Acta Sanctorum, etc.. 1658. The Life of St. Vedastus.
Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti, So-c. ii. fol. Lut. Par.. 1069,
ALD
?p. 1S7-197. Thelifeof St. Richarius, Pppc. in. pars prima, foi. Lut.,
aris. 1672. pp. 601-029. The two lives of Willirord, Snx. iii. pars
Becunda. fol. Lut. Par.. 1672, pp. 558-569. A lar^e portion of the
poem on the Bishop of York, given as anonymous. Mabillon, Vetera
Analecta, 8vo, Paris. 1075-85. torn. i. p. 309. Versus de Cuculo. torn,
iv. pp. 272-312. Twenty-six letters of Alcuin pre\iousIy inedited. p.
522. Alcuini versus de Aquila Episcopo 8alt/,lmii,'. Nov. Kd. fol.
Paris. 1723. pp. 39S^t)8. The tweuty-six Kpistl.'S, p. 409. Alcuini
versus de Cuculo, p. 3-iS. The verses on Aquila (Arno.) IXistonx
Britannicie. 8axonicjp. Anglo- Dan icse, Scriptores xv. Opera Th. Gale.
Tol. i. fol. Oxon.. 1691. pp. 703-732. The poem De Pontificihus et
Sanctis Ecclesiic Kboracensis. Pezius. Thesaurus Anecdotorum No
Tissimue. fol. AutiustjT? Viudelicorum. 1721, torn. ii. pars, l.col. 1-10.
Alcuini Opusculum de Comparatione Novi et Veteris Testamt-nti,
and seven Epistles to Arno. Kecueil des Ilistnri.'nsdesGaul.'s et
de la Fi-ance. Tome CinquiSme. Par Dom Martin l!'tu<|UHt, fol.
Paris. 1744. pp. 004-020. Twenty-five Epistlrs of Alcuiii. iJe:iti
Flacci Alljini seu Alrvini Abbatis. "Caroli Magni Regis ac Imperatfuis
Magistri, Opera. Post primam editionem. a vii-o rlarissimo D. An-
drea Quercetano curatam. de novo collecta. multis locis emendato.
et opusculis primum repertis plurimum aucta. variisque mndis
illustrata. Cura ac Studio Frobenii. S. R. I. Principis et Abbatis
ad S. Emmeramum Ralisbon.-p. Tonii duoinquatuor volumini-
bus,fnl.Katisbon.l777.— J/'/'T/'t'iV/f/^/rofH Wri'jid's Binfj.Bnt. Lit.
Alday, J. Trans, of Thcatrum Mundi, Ac, Lon., 1754.
Aldeu, Joseph, D.D.. LL.D., b. 1S07, in Green county.
N.Y.; gnul. at Union College, N.Y., 182S ; received the
degree of D.D. from the same institution, 1S3S, and that
of LL.D. from Columbia College, N.Y., 1S57. He pur-
sued his theological studies at Princeton, N.J. ; was for
two years a tutor in Nassau Hall ; was for many years Pro-
fessor of Rhetoric in 'Williams Coll., Mass.; Prof, of Moral
Philosophy in Lafayette Coll., Pa. In Jan. 1857, he became
President of Jefferson Coll., Pa. Dr. Alden has confined
his efforts as a writer chiefly to the department of Sunday-
school literature. Among his numerous works for the young
may be mentioned The Esami)le of Washington, The
Patriot's Fireside. Religion in Fnsbionable Life, &c. At
one time editor of the New York Observer, and has been a
large contributor to its columns. He is engaged [1858] in
the preparation of a text-book on Intellectual Philosophy.
Alden, Rev. Timothy, 1771-1839. Collection of
American E|)itaphs, 5 vols. 18mo. N. York, 1814.
Alden, T. J. F, Index to the Reports of the Decisions
of the Supreme Ct. of the U. States, from Dallas to 14tfa
Howard, inclusive, 3 vols. Svo, Phila., 1854.
Alder, Robert, Wesleyan Missions. London, 1842.
Alder, Thomas. Medical Treatises, London, 1804-05.
Aldersey, S. Voyageto Alexandria and Cairo, 1586.
Alderson, J., M. D. Besides writing professional
treatises, Dr. A. published several upon Agriculture and
Geology, 1788, Ac.
Aldhelm. We shall meet with more than one great
scholar formed by the teaching of Theodore and Adrian.
The most celebrated of these was Aldhelm, a scion of the
illustrions family of the West-Saxon kings. Aldhelm was
born in Wessex; but the date of his birth is uncertain,
although it maybe placed with suflicient probability about
the year 656. Aldhelm was not a voluminous writer. The
works which alone have given celebrity to hi.s name are
his two treatises on Virginity and his ^nigraata. The
prose treati.se De Lande Virginitatis continued to be a fa-
vourite book with our Anglo-Saxon forefathers up" to the
time of the Norman Conquest, and numerous early manu-
scripts of it are still preserved. Aldhelm's Latin Cftmpo-
eitions have been frequently cited as an example of the
false style of the early Anglo-Latin writers. Even as far
back as the 12th century, William of Malmsbury felt him-
self obliged to offer an apology for him. grounded on the
taste of the age in which he livcl. His writings are on
the one hand filled with Latinized Greek words, and with
awkward expressions that render them obscure ; while on
the other they abound in the alliterations and meta]>horica 1 i
language which characterized his native tongue. Aldhelm's I
prose is much less pleasing than his verse, because it is far j
less harmonious.
Aldington, Maj. Military treatises. Lon., 1804. '
Aldington, J. Poem on Shooting, 1767.
Aldini, John. 1. An Account of the Late Improve-
ments in Galvanism, Ac., Lon., 1803, 4to, with plates. 2.
Application of Galvanism to Medical Purposes, 1S19.
Aldred, died about 1069, an Anglo-Saxon prelate.
Tanner gives him credit, perhaps without much probability,
for two works: 1. Pro Edgaro Rege contra Tyranuidem
Normannorum, lib. i. 2. Epistolas ad Exiles, lib. i.
Aldred, Jcr. Sermon on Psalm xviii. 48, 49, 1716.
Aldrioh, C. Sermon after the Plague, Ex. xxxiii. 19.
Aldrich, Henry, D.D.. 1647-1710, of Christ Church.
Oxford. Ho was eminent as a controversialist, (in oppo-
sition to Popery,) as an architect, and as a musician. Hii-
principal works were, 1. Reply to Two Discourses concern- 1
ALE
ing the Adoration of our B. Saviour in the Holy Eucharist,
Oxford, 1687-88. 2. Artis LogicjE Compendium, Oxford,
1692, 1696. 1704. 1750. 3. ElemenU Architecture; Civilisad
Vitruvii Veterumque Disciplinam et recentiorum praeser-
tim ad Paladii cxempta probatiora concinnata, Oxf., 1789,
In his first character — as a disputant — Burnet places
him among the more distinguished divines " who managed
and directed this controversial war."
Aldrich, James, 1810-1856, an American poet and
journalist, b. near the Hudson, in the county of Suffolk.
He received his education partly in Orange county, and
partly in the city of New York, where, early in life, he re-
linquished the occupation of a merchant and devoted his
attention entirely to literature. Editt^d two or three pr.pular
periodicals. See specimens of his poetry in Griswold's Poets
and Poetry of America. In the words of his physician, Dr.
Kissam,
*' He not only wrote poetry, but lived the life of a true poet."
Aldrich, or Aldridge, Robert, died 1555-1556,
was Bishop of Carlisle in the reigns of Henry VIIT., Ed-
ward VI., and Mary. He was a friend of Leland's. and
corresponded with Erasmus. 1. Epistola ad Gulielnnim
Hormanum. 2. Epigrammata varia. 3. Several Resolu-
tions concerning the Sacraments. 4. Answers to certain
Queries concerning the abuses of the Mass.- — Bio;/. Brit.
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, b. 1836, Portsmouth,
N.H., Asst. Ed. Home Journal, N. York, a poet of much
promise. 1. Miscellaneous Poems, 12mo. 2. The Course
of True Love never did run Smooth, 1858, N.York. 12mo.
"This piipiant little volume, by the author of 'Babie Bell.' tella
of the haps ami nhshiips i>f two Eastern lovers whom a wliini^ical
old caliph eii.I.'.ivnrs to keep apart, and illustrates, in must deli-
cious verse, the trutli uf Shakspeare's line,
' The course of true love never did run smooth.' "
Aldridge. See Alldridge. W. T.
Aldridge, W. Doct. of the Trinity, on John v. 5, 1777.
Aldridge, W., and Holdsworth, W. Natural Short
Hand, London, 1769.
Alen, or Allen, Edmond, died about 1559, was a
native of Norfolk. Strype praises him as a great proficient
in Greek and Latin, an eminent Protestant divine, and a
learned minister of the gospel. He wrote a number of
theological works, and translated some into English.
Ales, or Alesius, Alexander, 1500-1565, born at
Edinburgh, a divine of the Confession of Augsburg.
Patrick Hamilton, the first Scotch martyr, was the means
of his conversion to the doctrines of the Rcformatiim. He
wrote a number of theological works, and translated Ed-
ward VI. 's first Liturgy for the benefit of Bucer.
Ales. See Alexander de Hales.
Alexander, Archibald, D.D., 1772-1S51, was a na-
tive of Rockbridge county, Virginia. He was educated at
Hampden Sydney College, and studied theology with Kcv.
Mr. Graham. He was licensed to preach October 1. 1791,
ordained by the Presbytery of Hanover, June 9, 1794, and
for some years was a pastor in Charlotte and Prince Ed-
ward. He was chosen President of Hampden Sydney
College in 1796, pastor of the 3d Presbyterian Church in
Philadelphia in 1807, and first Professor of Didactic and
Polemic Theology of the Princeton (New Jersey) Theolo-
gical Seminary on its establishment in 1812, which office
he retained until his death in 1851. Dr. Alexander's cha-
racter was most exemplary in all the relations of lit\;. His
principal works are. Evidences of Revealed Religion ; On
the Canon of Scripture; Christian Experience; History of
African Colonization; History of the Israelites; Annals of
the Jewish Nation ; Advice to a Young Christian ; Bible Dic-
tionary ; Counsels from the Aged to the Y'oung; Thoughts
on Religious Experience; History of the Log College.
" Professor Alexander published his very useful volume on the
Canon of .Scripture, as a supplement to a treatise on the Evidences
of the Christian iteligion. which has been very favourably received
in North America. This treatise on the Canon is avowedly com-
piled from the previous labours of the most eminent critics, espe-
cially Bishop Cosin's Scholastic History of (he Canon of the old
T(?ptament, and the ample collections of the impartial and iiideCv
tigal'le Dr. Lardner. and the learned Jeremiah Jones. The first
part of Dr. Alexander's treatise discusses the Canon of the Old
Testament; in the second part are considered the Canon of the
New Testament, and the reasons for which the Apocryphal books
are deservedly rejected from the Pacred Canon. To divines and
students (especially in Xorth America) who may not have access
to numerous and more costly works, this treatise is a very useful
and acceptable present." — 7/"r»c's Intrixiiiction.
This work was published. Princeton. 1826, 12mo, Lon-
don, 1828, 12mo. A new ed. was published, Lond., 183;^,
12mo, with introductory remarks by John Morison, D.D.
"• A usoful Treatise on the Canon." — Hickfjisteth.
"■ Morison's preface is well worthy of a perusal. . . . The ' Evi-
dences of Christianity' is a masterly performance." — Lowndes.
47
ALE
After Dr. Alexander's decease, there was pub. from his
MS. a work eutitled Outlines of Moral Science, lSo2.
" Though not aspiring to the dignity of a treatise, it foinis a most
compact and convenient tc.\t-ljonk. . . . Theauthor has had a clear
perception ot the limits of his sulijcct. and has not aimed at nialiiiiK
It a manual of • the whole duty of man,' ... It is a calm, clear stream
of abstract reasoning, flowing from a thoughtful, well-instructed
mind, without any parade of logic, hut with an intuitive simplicity
and directness which gives an almost axiomatic force. From this
characteristic we could almost have conjectured what is stated in
the preface, that the study of ethical philosophy w,as the author's
favourite pui-suit for at least threescore yeara, and that for forty
years It formed a branch of academic instruction in connection with
his theological course."— Westm. Hn:. Jan. 1863.
Alexander, B., M.D., d. ITfiS, trans. Morgagni's Seats
and Causes of Di-seiises inves. by Anatomy, Lon., 1769.
Alexander, Caleb, D.I)., of Mass., U. S. of America,
d. 1828. 1. Essay on the Deity of Jesus Christ, Ac, 1796.
2. Latin Grammar, 17'.H; and .an English Grammar.
Alexander, D. Cnn.toAnnalsof Med.,Ti.p.aO3,1801.
Alexander, U., M.D. Treatise on Croup, Hucid., 179-1.
Alexander, D. T. A Call to the .Jews, Lon.
Alexander De Hales, d. 1245, a celebrated English
theologian, was called by his contemporaries the Irrefragable
Doctor and the Fountain of Life. So highly was he esteemed
by Pope Innocent that he ordered him to compile the Summa
Theologica. He also wrote some commentaries on the Scrip-
tures. The comments, were printed at Venice, H9B, 1575-
Leipsic,1591; Cologne, 1621. The Summa, at Venice, 1475|
'96,1570; Nuremb., 1-181-82; Paris, 1189; Basel, 1502. Ac.
Alexander, E. Con. to Med. Com., xv. p. 373, 1790.
Alexander Essebiensis, an English poet and theo-
logian, flourished about 1220. He wrote a Chronicle of Eng-
l.and; A Medical Compendium of Bible History ; A Life of
St. Agnes, Ac. See Bale; Tanner's Bibliotheca.
Alexander, J. God's Covenant Displayed, Lon., 1684.
Alexander, J. Theological works, Lon., 1680, 1727.
Alexander, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1740
ALE
Alexander, J. Dissert, on Quick Lime, Glasg., 1760.
Alexander, J. Essays, Lon., 1768.
Alexjinder, J, Con. to Med. Com., iii. p. 186, 1775.
Alexander, J. Eau de Luce, Ac; Med. Com., xiv. n
297, ITS'J. '
Alexander, Sir J. E. (Captain.) This celebrated
traveller has given us his adventures and observations in
fourteen volumes, pub. 1827-38. 1. Travels from India to
England, 1825-26, Lon., 1827.
" Cont.-iining many lively and interesting descriptions, more par-
ticularly of scenes in Burmah." — (^uar. Jiev.
2. An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa
Ac, Lon., 1838.
" In this narrative we find Captain Alexander, as hitherto, lively
and entertaining." — Lit. Gas.
3. Litis of the Duke of Wellington, 2 vols. 8vo.
" It CMiidcnses within popuhir limits the dry military details "—
Limdiin Globe.
Alexander, James H addell, D.D., b. 1804, Louisa
county, Va., eldest son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, suc-
cessively Prof, at Princeton in College and Theol Sem
Pastor in Charlottesville, Va., Trenton, N. J., and Fifth Ave
Presb. Church, N. York.
'• He is highly appreciated as an author; and his works have a
practical utility which renders them highly popular.
1. Gift to the Afflicte.J. 2. A Geography of the Bible, Phila.,
1830, 12mo, compiled by J. VI. and J. A. Alexander. 3.
The American Mechanic and Workingmau's Comnanion.
N. York and Phila., 2 vols.
" VVe can but touch upon these excellent little volumes; for the
variety which they ...ntaii, forbids all hope of giving a just idea of
their contents willi,.ut imm.rous extr.acts. AVe hope their circu-
lation will widen until better books of the siimc kind are written —
which 13 allowing them a long lease of public favour."— iii World
4. Thoughts on Family Worship, 12mo. 6. Consolation •
or. Discourses to the Suffering Children of God. N. York,
8vo. 6. Memoir of Rev. Arehibald Alexander, N. York, Svo!
7. Plain Words to a Young Communicant, 12rao; also in
Welsh. He has written more than thirty juvenile works for
the Amer. Sunday-school Union, of wliich the best-known
are: Infant Library, Only Son, Scripture Guide, Frank
Harper, Carl The Young Emigrant, Ac. 8. The American
Suuday-,School and its Adjuncts, Phila., 1856 : a valuable
book to all interested in Sunday-schools. Contributed to
Princeton Rev. since its commencement in 18''5
Alexander, John, 1736-1765, an Irish Unitarian mi-
nister. 1. A Paraphrase upon the 15tb Chapter 1 Corinth. ■
see Monthly Rev., 0. S., vol. xxxiv. 443-451. 2. Com-
mentary on the 6th, 7th, and 8th Chapters of Romans; and
a berm. on Eccles. ix. 10, composed the day preceding his
death. Lon.. 17(16. '
1„,!^J/l'L" *"'*,™"«'>™f " fe" K""'! critical remarks; but the theo-
logical creed of he writer occupies a most prominent place through-
out. The^lenml of the doctrine of the atonement, of a state of hap-
piness of dep.irted spirits, and of the resurrection of the same body
(it will perha|is surprise the reader.) is founded on the 15th chai.ler
of the 1st Epistle to the Corinthians. .Noueof these important truths,
however, could Mr. -Alexander find here." — Okme.
Alexander, John Henry, b. 1812, at Annapolis, Md.
1. Treatise on Mathematical Instruments used in Survey-
ing, Levelling, and Astronomy, by F. W. Simms; edited,
with Copious Additions, Bait., 1835, 8vo; 1839, Svo; 1848,
8vo. 2. Treat, on Levelling, by F. W. Simms ; with large
Additions, Bait., 1838, Svo. 3. Contrib. to a History of the
Metallurgy of Iron : Pt. 1, Bait., 1840, Svo, pp. xxiv., 264,
pbatcs. 4. Contributions, Ac. : Pt. 2, Bait,, 1842, Svo. 5.
Introits ; or, Ante-Communion Psalms for the Sundays and
Holy-DaysthroughouttheYear, Phila., 1844, 12mo. 6. Re-
port on Standards of Weights and Measures for the State of
Maryland, 1846, Svo, pp. iv.,213. 7. Universal Dictionary
of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern, Bait., 1S50,
r. Svo, pp. viii., 158. 8. Catena Dominica, Phila., 12mo. 9.
Reports on the New Map of Maryland ; annual from 1838
to 1840. — Annapidis Public Printer. Various papers, to bo
found in thoscientificjournalsof America, England, France,
and Germany.
Alexander, Joseph Addison, D.D., b. 1809, Phila-
delphia, third son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, (y. t'.,) grad.
at Coll. of N.J., Princeton, 1826 ; was appointed Adjunct
Prof, of Ancient Languages and Literature in his alma
mater, 1830, which office he resigned in 1833 ; elected Prof,
of Biblical Criticism and Ecclesiastical History 1838, and
in 1852 he was transferred to the Chair of Biblical and
Ecclesiastical History. 1. The Earlier Prophecies of Isaiah,
N. York, 1S46, Svo. 2. The Later Prophecies of Isaiah, N.
York, 1847, Svo. The two reprinted in 1 vol., 968 pp., by
Collins, of Glasgow, with an Introduction by the Rev. John
Eadie, LL.D., Prof, of Biblical Literature to the United
Presl-yterian Church.
" Truly such a theologian as Professor Alexander is a credit to
his country and a blessing to the age. His introduction alone to
his commentary on Isaiah is a contribution of surpassing value.
It evinces a vast range of acquaintance with the early and modern
schools of interpretation."— i'linijflicjt; Mag.
" We reckon it among the best commentaries on Isaiah of aoT
age or language." — Dr. Eadie.
3. The Psalms Translated and Explained, 3 vols. 12mo,
N. York, 1850. Of this work 10,000 volumes were sold In
less than four years.
" Dr. Alexander's recentlj'-puhlished work on the P.salms is well
known in the literary world. It is a splendid exegetical work, and
places Its author at once in the highest rank of this department of
literature- — Knickcrlxjcker.
4. Isaiah Translated and Explained, [An abridgment of
Nos. 1 and 2,] 2 vols. 12mo, N. York, 1851.
5. Essays on the Primitive Church Offices, [reprinted
from the Princeton Review,] N. York, 1851.
Dr. A., in connexion with Dr. Hodge, is preparing a
Commentary on the New Testament, several vols, of which
have been published.
Alexander, L. Jewish Poor in London, Ac, 1802.
Alexander te Partiger, an English ecclesiastic of
the tliirtecnth century. Sec Tanner for a list of his works.
Alexander Neekam. See Neck.iji.
Alexander, Stephen, LL.D.,b. 1S06, at Schenectady,
N.\., grad. at Union Coll. 1824, and matriculated at the
Theol. Sem. at Princeton, 1832; was elected Adjunct Prof,
of Mathematics in the same institution, 1834, which position
he filled until 1840, when the Professorship of Astronomy
was created and assigned to him. In 1845, he succeeded
to the Chair of Mathematics, which he exchanged, in 1S54
for the Professorship of Mechanics and Astronomy. He
occupies a deservedly high position as an astronomer
Among his papers which .attracted the most attention is
one on the Physical Phenomena attendant upon Solar
Eclipses, read before the Amer. Phil. Soc at their centen-
nary meeting, 1843, and pub. in their proceedings. Funda^
mental Principles of Malhcinatics, in Amer. Jour. Sci
1S49. On the Origin of the Forms and the Present Con-
dition of some of the Clusters of Stars and several of the
'Nebulip, pub. Amer. Ast. Jour. This valuable paper has
attracted the notice of the leading astronomers of the world
He has contributed other important papers to many of the
principal sciciitilic j(.urnals. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc
Alexander, Thomas S. I'ractice of the Court of
Chancery and County Courts as Courts of Eiiuity, in Marv-
land. Bait.. Svo. 1S:(9.
Alexander, W. L. 1. The Connection and Harmony
of tlie Old and New Testaments, Lon., 1S41. 2 High
Catholicism not Ajiostolical, Edin., 1843. 3. Switzerland
and the Swiss Churches, Gla.sg., 1S46. 4. Life and Corre
spondenco of Dr. Wardlaw; 2d ed., p. Svo.
Alexander, >Vm. Medulla Historia Scotia?, Ac
Alexander,>Vm.,draltsmiin to Earl Macartney during
ALlf
ALF
the embassy to China, afterwards in the print-department
of the Brit. Museum. 3. Sketches from Nature madu in China,
Lon., iri'T. 4. The Costume of China, pul). in numbers.
Alexander, Win. Hist. Cat. II. Seripture.'^, Lon., 1815.
Alexander, Wm. Conduct of Maj.-Gen. Shirley, &c.
Alexander, \V., "of the University of Pennsylvania."
Poetical Works, including Christiau Dramas, and Minor
Poems, with Dissertation on Poetry, and a tSkctch of his
Life, Phila.. IS47.
" We are rather inclined to think that Jlr. Alexander has alto-
getber misUik(.-u his voi-atioD. A scholarly appit-tiation of what is
beautiful in literature, with earnest religious tft-linj^s, is not enough
to make a po<-t." — Literary World.
Alexander, VVm., M.D. Short Survey of the Lineal
Descent of the Sov. Princes of Europe, Edinburgh, 1703.
Alexander, VVm., M.D. Medical works, &c., Edin.
and Lond., 17fi7-79.
Alexander, Wm., Earl of Stirling, 1580-1640,
commenced to be an author at the early age of fourteen.
He was born at Menstrie, Scotland, and was a descendant
of the family of Macdonald. James I. and Charles I. were
both much attached to him. The first gave him a grant of
Nova Scotia in 1621, which charter has since been the
cause of considerable discussion. In his Aurora he pre-
sented the public with more thiin a hundred sonnets, songs,
and elegies, as a poetical display of an ill-requited pas-
sion, which distance from the object of his attachment
could not remove.
" Ue was greatly superior to the stylo of his n^*-." — Horace
Walpole.
"The Parienesis of Sir Will Lam Alexander is a noble poem." —
PiNKEETON.
After perusing our author's poems, Addison remarked
that
'■The beauties in our ancient English poets are too slightly
passed over by modtrn writers, who, out of a peculiar singularity,
had rather take pains to find lauJt than endeavour to excel."
Among his other works are lour tragedies in alternate
rhyme, denominated Monarchicke, viz.: Darius, published
1603; Croesus, 1604; The Alexandrian Tragedy, and Ju-
lius Ctesar, 1607.
*' These pieces are not calculated for the sta^e; but include
some admirable lessons for sovereign power, and several cborusus
written with no small share of poetic vigour." — Dr. Drake.
'' My philosophical poet." — James I.
" His Panenesis and Aurora are almost classical performances,
and well merit republication.'" — Db. Anderson.
"John Dunbar, Arthur Johnston, and Andrew Ramsay, have
lauded the Earl of Stirling in their Latin poetry. Daniel has com-
plimented him before the edition of bis Philotas in 1 1'lOS ; Davies of
Hereford has done the same in liis Seourge of Folly and Wit's Bed-
lam; Haj-man addressed two jihiudits to him in his tiuodlibets;
Habington commended bis Tra;_'ick P.aptures and Uonmes-Day in
Castara; Drayton gave bim atTectionate praise in his epistle to
Henry Reynolds, Esq. — Park's M'llj^ok's A'. & A^. Authors.
Aleyn, Charles, died about 1640, was a poet of con-
siderable reputation. 1. The Battle of Cressevand Poic-
tiers, 1632. 2. The History of Henry VII.,' Ac, 1038.
3. The History of Euriolua'^d Lucretia, 1639, translated
from jEneas Sylvius. Dr. Thomas AVykes s:iys he had
read over the " Historic of Heurie," and ''judges it worthy
of being made public."
" For I was certain that this book by thee
Was dedicated to eternity.''
Aleyn, J. Keports Select Cases in Banco Re!;is,1681-8S.
Alford, Rev. Henry, B.D., b. 1810, London, Vicar of
Wyme-swold, Leicestershire, grad. at Trinity Coll., Cam-
bridge. Poems and Poetical Fragments, Camb., 1831. The
School of the Heart, and other Poems, 2 vols., 1835. Abbot
of Muchelnaye, and other Poems, 12mo. Chapters on the
Poets of Ancient Greece, 8vo, 1841. The Consistency of the
Divine. Conduct in Revealing the Doctrines of Redemption :
being the Hulscan Lectures for 1841. To which are added
two Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge,
Camb., 1842. Part the Second, 1843. Psalms and Hymns
adapted to the Sundays and Ilolydays throughout the Year,
to which are added some occasional hymns, Lon., 1844.
Poetical Works, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Poetical Works, 12mo;
Bost., 1853, 12mo, pp. 424. Serms., 8vo. Serms. at Quebec
Chapel, 2 vols. 8vo. Village Serms.. 12mo. Greek Testa-
ment, with Notes, Ac: vol. i., 1844: vol. ii., 1852; vols,
iii. and iv., 1856, '57. See Memoirs by his son, Svo, 18.55.
Alford, J., Trans, of a work upon the Lute, Lou., 1568.
Alford, Joseph. The Church Triumphant. Lon., 1649.
Alford, or Griffith, illichael, 1587-1652, born at
London. Britannia Illustrata, 1041. Fides Re;,n'a Bri-
Umnica, sive Annales Ecclcsia BriUrnniea, &c., 1063.
" A work of no veiy ordinary occurrence, and, at the same time,
of very considerable utility ; as treating fully of the church his-
tory of this countrj- from the earliest period to the rei^n of Henry
11." — D13DIN.
Alfred the Great, 848-901, the youngest child of
Ethehvolf and Osburgha, was born in the royal manor of
Wauta^'c in Berkshire, where the kings of the West-Sax-
ons had a palace, supposed to have been built on the site
of a Roman station. History has preserved several anec-
dotes of the childhood and youth of this great prince.
He was distinguished above all his brothers by his beauty,
graceful manners, and early display of talent, and was on
that account the favourite of his parents. Alfred's efforts
for the restoration of literature in England were great,
and to a certain degree successful. The following works
were either written by him or have been attributed to him :
1. In order to make his subjects more generally ac-
quainted with ancient history, Alfred translated intoEng-
lish the historical work of Orosius. A manuscript of this
translation is in the Cottonian Library, Tiberius, B. 1,
from which it was printed by Daines Barrington. Ano-
ther copy is now, with the other manuscripts belonging to
the Lauderdale Library, in the possession of Lady Dysart.
2. The Anglo-Saxon version of Bede's History of the
Anglo-Saxon Church has also been generally attributed to
Alfred. Manuscripts of this work are in the Public Li-
brary of the University of Cambridge, and in C(»rpu3
Christ! College. Cambridge. No. 41, the latter of which
belonged to Leofric, Bishop of Exeter. The other manu-
script (MS. Cotton. Otho, B. xi.) was destroyed by the
fire in the Cottonian Library. This book also has been
printed.
3. Alfred tr.inslated for the more especial use of his
clergy the Pastorale of Pope Gregory, and is said to have
sent a coj.y of it to each of his bishops, whose names
were severally inserted in the translator's preface. Three
of the original copies thus sent are still preserved, ad-
dressed to Wulfsige. Bishop of Sherborne, (in the Public
Library, Cambridge.) to Wa-rferth, Bishop of Worcester,
(in the Bodleian Library, MS. Hattun, No. 88,) and to
Plegmund of Canterbury. (MS. Cotton, Tiberius, B. xi.)
The latter is very much injured by the hre. The Cam-
bridge MS., which had been preserved in the cathedral of
Wells, and was sent by Bishop Jewel to Archbishop Par-
ker, is as clean and fresh in appearance as when it came
from the hands of Alfred's scribe, and is a noble specimen
of Anglo-Saxon writing. The Cottonian MS. Otho, B. ii.,
now destroyed by the fire, contained a copy from the one
sent by the king to Hehstan. Bishop of London, appa-
rently of the luth or beginning of the 11th century. There
is also a .'Somewhat later transcript of M'ulfsige's copy of
the Pastorale in the library of Trinity College, Cam-
brirlge. ami another manuscript of the book in the library
(d' Corpus Christi College, No. 12. This work has not
been printed. The Dialogues of Pope Gregory were
translated by Waerferth, Bishop of Worcester, under Al-
fred's direction.
4. Another work of the king's, which is still preserved,
is a select translation of the Soliloquies of St. Augustine.
A copy of it is in MS. Cotton. Vitellius, A. xv., but it has
not been printed.
5. One of the most interesting of Alfred's translations
is that of the treatise of Boethius De Consolatione Philo-
sophise, a work exceedingly popular during the Middle
Ages. It is more freely translated than his other books,
and exhibits, more than any of them, the philosophical
turn of Alfred's mind. The original is said to have been
glossed for the king by Asser. to render it more easily in-
telligible. A manuscript of this work, written in the
common hand of the 10th century, Otho, A. vi.. has been
so much injured by fire that it consists only of a few
ragged leaves. A transcript of it is preserved among the
manuscripts of Junius in the Bodleian Library. Another,
written towards the beginning of the 12th century, is in
the Bodleian Library. It has been twice printed.
6. Alfred's Manual, or Hand-book, (as he called it,) ex-
isted in the time of William of Malmsbury. Asser says
that it was about the size of a Psalter, and that Alfred
entered in it prayers and psalms, and his daily observa-
tions, and that he always carried it about with him. It
appears, from William of Malmsbury, that italso contained
historical anecdotes and miscellaneous entries.
7. William of Malmsbury informs us that the king, at
the time of his death, had commenced an Anglo-Saxon
version of the Psalms, which he left unfinished; some
have pretended that Alfred translated other parts of the
Bible.
8. Most writers who have given lists of Alfred's works
include among them what they call Alfred's Proverbs.
This work, which has been recently printed, is preserved
in two manuscripts, in MS. Trin. Coll., Cambridge, B. xiv.
ALP
ALF
xxxix., and in MS. Cul. Jes., Oxford, i. xxis. ; a third,
MS. Cuttou. Gallia, A. xix., perished in the fire. They
are of the beginning of the 13th century. It is a collec-
tion of moral instructions in verse, conveyed in popular
proverbs, supposed to be addressed by him to his people
and to his sou, but it has no claim to be ranked among
his works. This tract must have been in existence early
in the 12th century, for it is mentioned by Ailred of
Kievaux.
9. The translation of Esop's Fables attributed to King
Alfred was probably not more genuine. Our knowledge
of this book is derived from the Epilogue to the fables of
the Anglo-Norman poetess Marie, who says that she
translated them from Alfred's English version :
*' Esope apelum cest livre,
Qu "il trauslata e fist esrru*e;
De Griu en Latin le turna.
Li reis Alvrez, que mei-t I'ama,
Le translata puis en Engleis;
Kt jeo I'ai rimee en Franceis, et^."
MS. Harl., No. 978, fol. 87, vo.
Some of the manuscripts of these fables give a different
reading of the name, but that uf Alfred is the best sup-
ported. His name long continued to be popular, and was
probably affixed in different ways to many such works as
the two last mentioned. The introductiou to a Latin ver-
sion of Esop, preserved in a manuscript in the British
Museum, also mentions Alfred's English translation, in a
manner which can leave little doubt of the existence of
such a book bearing that monarch's name.
The old bibliographers, such as Bale and Leland, enu-
merate other works under the name of Alfred, fur which
there is no authority. We think also that it is not neces-
sary to place among the king's literary jiroductions his
enactments, which are printed in all the editions of the
Anglo-Saxon laws.
His translations are executed with much spirit. As he tells
us himself, he " sometimes interprets word for word, and
sometimes meaning for meaning ;" and ho not unfrequently
inserted passages of his own. The most interesting of his
works in respect to this latter point are, his version of
Boethius, containing several very remarkable additions,
and his Orosius, in the geographical part of which he has
given the valuable narratives of two northern navigators,
Ohtere and Wulfstan, whom he had personally examined.
In point of style. Alfred's translations may bo considered
as the purest specimens we possess of Anglo-Saxon prose.
Former biographers have been induced to give him the
fame of being a poet as well as a prose writer; this is ow-
ing to Asser's account of the love which the king showed
always to his native poetry, and of the metrical version
of the Metres of Boethius, attributed to him. We have
already stated it as our opinion that these metres were not
the work of Alfred ; they were probably composed by
some obscure writer of the 10th century, who imagined
that Alfred's version of Boethius was imperfect so long as
the metres were only given in prose. If Alfred had
written verse, it would certainly have possessed some of
the higher characteristics which distinguish that class of
compositions in the Anglo-Saxon language ; and we can-
not believe that he would have submitted to the puerile
occupation of arranging his own words in alliterative
couplets.
He died on the 28th of October, 901. His children, and
even his grand-children, inherited from him the same great-
ness of mind, and love of science and literature, which
were so conspicuous in his own character. His name con-
tinued to be cherished among his countrymen till the ex-
tinction of Anglo-Saxon independence, aud it was without
doubt the subject of numerous traditionary stories and
anecdotes. Even in the 12th and KUli centuries his memory
wati kept alive as the burden of popular songs, anil by
productions similar to the fables and proverbs already
mentioned.
KniTioNS OF King Alfred's Works.— The preface to the Pash>
ral« was printed with Asser's Life, by Matthew I'arkor. fol., Lond.,
1574; it was reprintt'd at Leyden, in 1597. jvir Hon. Vulcanium
Brugcnsem, in a scarce, anonymous work, cut itlcil l).:" Liteiis ot
Lingua Getarum. sive Gothorum : it was apaiu printed by Camden,
in his Anglica Normauica, &c. Scripta, fol. Francof., 1003; aud
afterwards by Wise, \\\ his edition of Asser. 8vo, Oxou., 1722.
Ilietoriie Ectlesiastii-jt- Gentis Anglorum labii V. a Venerabili
Beda Presbytero s.'ri].li. VA\h A hy Wheloc, fob, Cantabr., 1043.
Alfred's Anglo-Saxon \']^iMit i,i lirde.
An. Maul. Sever. H'.,.tliii tMn.c.lationis Pbilosophiie Libri T.
Anglo-Saxonice redditi ali Alfivdo, in.-lyto Anglo-Saxonum Hegl.
Ad apographum Junianuin. expresses edidit Chri.stophorus llaw-
linson, e Collegio Reginoe, 8vo, Oxon., Ifi98.
Histflrine Ecclesiastical Gentis Ani^Inrum. Ac. Auctore Baeda.
Edited by Smith, fob, Cautjibr., 1722. pp. 471-t>4y. Anglo-Saxon
version of Bede.
50
The Anglo-Saxon version, from the historian Orosius, by .ffUlVed
the Oreat, together with an English Translation from the Anglo-
Saxon. Svo. London. 1773. By Daines Barrington.
The Will of King Alfred. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press,
1788, 4to.
The Will of King Alfred, reprinted fiom the Oxford ed. of 1788;
with a preface and additional notes by Tlinmas Astle, 8vo.l828.
King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Bwthius deConsolatione
Philosophiie, with an English TransUition, and notes. By J. S.
Cardah'. 8vo. London. 1S29.
King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Metres of Boethius,
with an English Translation, and Notes. By the Rev. Samuel Fox,
Svo, London, 18:15.
Reli'iui:!' Antiqua?. Edited by Thomas Wright and James
Orchard llalliwell. toI. i. Sto, London. 1S41, pp. 170-1S8. The Pro-
verbs of King Alfred. — Ablrre.viated frcrni WrighVs Biog. Brit. Lit.
Alfred of Beverly, born about llOO, derives his
chief importance from the dispute which has arisen whether
he preceded or came after Geoffrey of Monmouth. Histo-
rians and bibliographers have all fixed at too early a date
the period when Alfred of Beverly compiled his history.
All that we know of his life is derived from his own writ-
ings. While occupied with his historical researches, it
appears that the history of Geoffrey of Monmouth was
published, aud began to create a great sensation. Alfred
hearing people talk of British kings of whom he was en-
tirely ignorant, and ashamed to be obliged continually to
confess that he knew nothing about them, became anxious
to obtain a sight of the new history, and with much diffi-
culty succeeded. He perused it with avidity, and. charmed
with the novelty of its contents, he would have made a
transcript of it for himself if he had been allowed suffi-
cient time, and had possessed money enough to buy the
materials at once: but this not being the case, he deter-
mined to make an abridgment of it. Alfred informs us
that, having abridged the history of the Britons, he de-
termined to abridge other historians, so as to continue bis
boi'k through the Saxon and Norman times. "We trace, as
having gone through this procet^s, among others. Bede,
Floreiwe of Worcester, and the Northern writer Simeon
of Durham, which historian appears to have been the last
he used, for Alfred's history closes in the same year with
that of Simeon, A.D. 1129, the 29th year of Henry I. His
historical notices are extremely brief, and his style is that
of the ordinary writers of his age. Bale has increased the
number of works attributed to Alfred of Beverly, by mak-
ing three different titles out of his one known historical
epitome. He is said to have written a life of John of
Beverly : but we know with more certainty that he was the
author of a work on the rights and privileges of his church,
which he is said in the title to have translated from Eng-
lish into Latin, and which was preserved in the Cottonian
Library, but the volume containing it unfortunately pe-
rished in the fire. Edition, Alurcdi Beverlacensis Annales,
sive Historia de Gcstis Regum Britannia?, Libris ix., e co-
dice pervetusto. . . . Descripsit ediditque Tho. Hearnius,
Oxon., 1716. Svo. — Ahhrev.from Wri.jht's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Alfred, {flourished 1170.) who by some writers is
named the Philosopher, is enumerated by Roger Bacon
among those who had transluted the Arabian books of
science into Latin. Pits, partly on the authority of Boston
of Bury, tells us that he wandered in search of learning
through France and Italy, and that at Rome he was re-
ceived into the family of Cardinal Oltobini, who made him
hi.s chaplain, and brought him to England, when he was
sent as legate by Pope Urban IV. to make peace between
Henry II T. and his barons. This however cannot be cor-
rect, for one of Alfred's principal works, the translation
(from the Arabic) of Aristotle's treatise, De Vegetabilibus
et Plantis, is dedicated to Roger of Hereford, whose con-
temporary ho must have been. In the manuscripts of thi«
book, preserved in the Bibliothcrpie Royale at Paris, the
author is sometimes named sinijdy Magister Alfredus, and
at others Alfredus de Sarchel. M. Jourdain states reasons
for believing that this work was translated in Spain. Pits
mentions the titles of several other books attributed to
him. most of which are still extant: they are, 1. De Musica,
of which he gives as the first words, Licet mihi inter medi-
tandum. 2. In Boethium de Consolatione Philosophije, in
five books, not now known to exist. 3. In Meteora Aristo-
telis. This is preserved in a manuscript in the Royal
Library at Paris, where the author's name is corruptly
spelt Alphiolu.«j. 4. De Rorum Natura. M. Jourdain be-
lieves this to be the treatise De Causis Elcmentorum, which
is found in most of the manuscripts joined to the transla-
tion of Aristotle Do Vegetabilibus. and clearly resembles
it in style. 5. De Motu Cordis. M. Jourdain thinks this
may be tho same as a short treatise, evidently translated
from tho Arabic, whicb is found umler the same title in a
MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, MS. Lat. No. 6443.
AI/F
ALI
6. Leland mentions a treatise by this writer, (or some per-
sim of the same name,) De Educatione Accipitrum. Per-
haps the Aluredus Angllcus, mentioned by Boston of Bury
as Cardinal Ottoboni's chaphiin, and as tije author of the
treatitie on music, and the Commentary on Boethius, was a
different person from the philosopher. — Abbreviated from
Wri.jht'H Bioy. Brit. Lit.
Alfric, or Alfred of jiralmsbury, flourished in 990.
William of Malmsimry tolls us that he was a learned man.
The old !tibli<»^i!JpliL-rs attribute to this writer a scientific
ticatise Dc Natui is Rerum, and a history of liis abbey, De
Rebus sui *_'ii:-U(ibii. Xo such works, however, are now
knowu to exist. William of Malmsbury has wrongly at-
tributed to this Alfric the writings of Alfred of Canter-
bury.— Abbreri'tttd from Wright's Biofj. lirit. Lit.
Alfric of Canterbury, died 1006. No Anglo-Saxon
writer has oxcittd sd much interest in modern times by his
works as Alfric the Grammarian, as he has been generally
named, from his grammar; and yet there are few whose
personal history Is involved in so much confusion and un-
certainty. This arises, in part, from the name having been
extremely common among the Auglo-Sax<ms. and from
the difficulty of identifying the author of the different
books which bear this name by internal evidence. Leland
separated one Alfric into three, and Bale gave each of
these three a distinct chapter. On the other hand. Usher
joined three into oue, confounding Alfric of Canterbury
with Alfric of York and Alfric of Malmsbury. The hig-
turians of the 12th and l.'ith centuries, such ns WlUiam of
Malmsbury, and Matthew Paris, do not seem to have es-
caped from the same confusion.
Alfric is said to have been descended from a noble family,
his father being Ealderman or Earl of Kent. When young,
his education was intrusted to tmo of the scouhir prier-ts,
who, as he says, could with difficulty understand Latin,
ami from whose misconduct he seems to have derived a
contempt for the whole class of secular clergy. We think
it probable that Alfric remained at Winchester, until a.d.
988 or 989, when he was sent by AH'heh, then Bishop of
Winchester, to regulate or govern the newly-established
Abbey of Cerne, in Dorsetshire, at the re(iuest of the foun-
der, Ealderman Ethelmer. The next event in the life of
Alfric is his promotion to the Bishopric of Wilton. We
are justified in believing that he filled this I.iishupric during
a very brief period previous to the death of Sigeric of
Canterbury, in 995. In 995, Alfric succeeded Sigeric as
Archbishop of Canterbury : and it is remarkable that in
the instrument of his electiim he is called simply a monk
of Abingdon. All we know uf the remainder of his life
is, that he ruled his diocese with vigour and piety during
a period of continual sufl"erings from the inroads of the
l>anes. Bridferth, who dedicated to him his life of Dun-
stan, speaks of the wonderful extent of his learning. Alfric
died on the 16th of November, 1006.
It is probable that the greater part of Alfric's numerous
writings are still extant. They consist chiefly of transla-
tions, and may be conveniently divided into three classes :
those intended for the instruction of youth, theological
works written after his mission to the Abbey of Cerne, and
those which he composed after his elevation to the Bishop-
ric of Wilton. 1. The Latin Grammar, which is a trans-
lation from the old grammars of Donatus and Priscian,
and from which Alfric has derived his title of Grammati-
eus. Several manuscripts of his grammar are preserved,
aud it was printed by Somner in the 17th century. The
second, or Anglo-Saxon, preface alludes to his homilies,
and therefore must have been written after he left Win-
chester. 2. Tlie Glossary of Latin words most commonly
used in conversation, (for which purpose it was intended,)
which is generally found in the same manuscripts with the
Gramuiar, was also published by Somner. ?>. The Collo-
quium, or conversation in Latin, with an interlinear Saxon
gloss, intended to further the same object as the Glossary,
and forming a second book to it. 4. We ought probably
to attribute to Alfric the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astrono-
my, which occurs so frequently in early manuscripts. It
is fuuud in a large manuscript of Alfric's works in the
Public Library of the University of Cambridge, and con-
tains many of the characteristics of Alfric's writings, par-
ticularly his expressions of contempt for the "unlearned
priests;" recently printed. 5. A collection of homilies,
(the greatest of all Alfric's works,) amounting iu number
to eighty, and written, as he acknowledges, at the sugges-
tion of Ethelmer and Ethetward. 6. After this collection
was i-omjileted, Alfric, at the request of Ethelward, com-
piled from the Latin another set of homilies, commemo-
rative of the diff"erent sainta revered by the Anglo-Saxon
church, divided, like the former, into two books. A copy
of this work will be found in MS. Cotton. Julius, E. vii.
7. One of the next works of Alfric, or at least one of those
completed before he was raised to a bishopric, was the
translation of the Heptateuch. 8. A treatise on the Old
and New Testament, addressed to Sigwarda?t East- Ileolon,
which was printed with a translation by Lisle. 9. A treatise
on the Trinity, addressed to Wulfgeat set Yimandune,
preserved iu manuscript in the Bodleian Library, lu. The
abridgment of Ethelwold's Constitutions, for the monks of
Eynsham, preserved in manuscript at Cambridge, MS.
Coop. Chr. Coll., No. 265. 11. Perhaps Alfric was the
author of the translation of the life of Guthlac, by Felix
of Croyland, preserved in MS. Cotton. Vespas. D. xxi.
12. An Epistle to Sigferth, on the marriage of the clergy.
While Bishop of Wilton he probably wrote. 13. The Sermo
iElfrici episcopi ad clerieos, and 14. The Sermo ad Sacer-
dotes, both preserved in MS. Coop. Chr. Coll., Camh., No.
265, and in other manuscripts. The latter found also in
MS. Cotton. Tiber. A. iii., is addressed to Bishop Wulfsine,
and is also known as Alfric's Canons. It has been printed.
These are in Latin and in Anglo-Saxon. — Abbrwintrd
from Wriuht'e Bioa. Brit. Lit.
Alfric ItHta, d. 1051. He informs us that he was the
disciple of the elder Alfric (not of Ethelwold) at Winches-
ter. He is known principally as having republished and
enlarged some of the books of scholastic instruction com-
piled l»y his master, more particularly the Colloquium,
printed by Mr. Thorpe. It is probable that he also repub-
lished Alfric's Grammar and Glossary, for they are joined
with the Colloquium in the manuscript of the latter pre-
served at Oxford; and in the copy of the grammar printed
by Somner thcru is a short epistle connecting Alfric's name
with th;tt nf King Canute, which cannot refer to Alfric of
Canterbury. lie is supposed to be the author of the Lite
of Ethelwold J also of one of the homilies (entitled iu some
manuscripts In Natale Unius Coufessoris) a marginal
note to which, in one of the mauuscripcS, states that it was
composed at the desire of the yctunger Ethelwold, Bishop
of Winchester, who is said to have succeeded Cyuewulf in
1008. — Abbreviated from Wrifjhfs liioff. Brit. Lit.
Alfrid. 1. Appeal in the Case of M. A. Fitzhcrbert,
1790. 2. Letter? : View uf the P..lit. State of Europe, 1793.
Alger, William Rounseville, b. 1823, at Free-
town, Mass. 1. Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ,
18mo. 2. Oriental Poetry, or Metrical Specimens of the
Thought, Sentiment, and Fancy of the East; with an His-
torical Introduction, 12mo. 3. History of the Doctrine of
a Future Life as it has prevailed in all Nations and Ages, 8vo.
" An extraordinary amount of solid learning and deep research,
abounding with innumerable beauties of thought."
Ed., with au Introduction, Studies of Christianity; or,
Timely Thoughts for Religious Thinkers, by Rev. Jas,
Martineau, Bost., 1858.
Algernon. The Royal Wanderer, <tc. ; a Tale, 1815.
Algood, M. Funl. Serm. on Rev. G. Richbell, 1684.
Aliugham. Account of the Nat. and Use of Maps, 1703.
Alison, Alexander, 1. History of the Future, p. 8vo.
2. Second Refurmation, p. 8vo.
Alison,Archibald, 1757-1 839, sou of Andrew Alison,
of Edinburgh, was matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford,
in 1775. He was senior minister of the Episcopal Chapel,
Cowgate, Edinburgh. In 1790 he published Esi-ays on the
Nature and Principles of Tnstc, which work has attained
a wide celebrity. He gave to the world a number of ser-
mons, 1809-15, also a Memoir of the Life and Writings of
Lord Woodhouslee. Trans. Ed. R. Soc. vii. 515, 1818.
" Mr. Alison maintains that all beauty, or, at kast, that all the
beauty of material objects, depends upon the associatious tliat may
have connected them with the ordinary affections of our nature;
and in this, which is the fundamenta.1 point of his theory, we con-
ceive him to be no less clearly rii;bt. than he is cnnvincini; and
judicious in the copious illustrations I.iy which he has sought to
establish its truth." — Lord JErFRET.
Br. Dibdin extols Mr. Alison's style highly :
'■The beautiful and refined fancy, and melodiou.s style of this
writer, render his works deserving of a conspicuous place in every
well-chosen libi-ary."
" An excellent and highly-pleasing work on taste." — Lowndes,
Mr. Alison's sermons have been greatly commended :
" These remind us more of the beautiful harang;ues of Fenelon,
or of the <'el.OMated Orai^ons Fun^bres of Bossuet. than of any
British ^'ll•\vtll ami nianutactiue. The beauty of the style and
imaL'.Tv isahniist suit- 1^. attiait the attention : aud the mind must
be dull and sullen ind^-ed that offers a long resistance to the stronger
charms which form the grand characteristics of tlnse ebujuent dis-
courses. . . . We can haj-dly help envying the t:ilent )<y which
Mr. Alison has clothed so much wisdom in so nuuli 1 esiuty. and
made us find in the same work the hitrhest gratifications of taste,
and the noblfst lessons of virtue." — Juiinbiirgh lievicio.
51
ALI
ALL
Alison, Sir Archibald, Bart.. D.C.L., eldest son
of the procerting, was b. at Kenley, Sbrop.shire, Dec. 29,
1792, at which place his father was then vicar. He was
educated in Edinburgh, where his father was then settled.
Ho studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814, and
that and the following year ho travelled on the Continent,
and pub. his Travels in France; 2d ed., 1816, 8vo. He
was made Sheritf of Lanarkshire in 1S28; Rector of Glas-
gow Univ., 1861 ; created a baronet, 1852. He esta-
blished a high reputation by his Princi])lcs of the Criminal
Law, Edin., 18.32, and The Practice of the Criminal Law,
which have become standard authorities with the Scottish
bar. His History of Europe from the Commencement of
the French Revolution to the Restor.ation of the Bour-
bons, pub. in 10 vols. Svo. 18.j9^2, established his reputa-
tion in Europe and America. The 8th Edinburgh ed. —
New Library Edition— was pub. 1849-51, 14 vols. Svo,
£10 10«.; in r. Svo, £21. 9th ed.,— People's Edition, -
1853-55. 12 vols. p. Svo. and Index vol., £2 lis. It has
- been reprinted in Paris, Brussels, America, &c., and
trans, into French, ticrman, llindostanee, and Arabic.
Mr. Alison is a high Tory iu politics, evidences of which
fact will be found in his Essays, Political, Historical, Ac,
(originally pub. in Blackwood's Mag..) 1850, 3 vols. Svo.
In fsiO he pub. Principles of Population, 2 vols. Svo, in
which he comlials the theory of Malthus.
" Mr. .Mis^.ii t:ik'-^ .^ larger — perhaps a loftier— view of the subject
of Populatii.n than all others. His work possesses a vast fund of
matter and personal observation ; and those who peruse the volumes
will have tlicir raiiuls expanded by various and ciil.ivged specula-
tion and instructed by the new light in which existing information
is placed." — Ltjn. Spfdator.
In 1847. he pulj. a treatise on Free Trade and Fettered
Currency, Svo ; and in the same year. The Life of the Duke
of Marlborough ; 2d ed, 1852, Svo ; 3d ed., 1855, Svo. In
1852-57 he pub. vols, i.-vi. of the History of Europe from
1815-52. Of Sir Archibald's first historical work (1789-
1815) we h.ave many criticisms before us, but can afford
room for brief extracts from two or three only.
"It is, upon the whole, a valuable addition to European litera-
ture, evidently compiled with the utmost care : its narration, so
far as we can judge, is not perverted by the slightest partiality.
Its defects, or what we deem such, are matters partly of taste and
partly of political opinion. Its merits arc minuteness and honesty,
— qualities which may well excuse a faulty stylo, gross political
prejudices, and a fondness for exaggerated and frothy declama-
tion. . . . Whenever we have been led to compare the conflictmg
accounts of any important event in Mr. Alison's history, we have
almost invariably found that his narrative steers judiciously be-
tween them andcomhines the most probable and consistent par-
ticulars contained in each. Mr. Alison's general style is not a^
tractive. It is not, liowever, at least in the narrative part of it,
either feeble or displeasing. Its principal defect is the cumbrous
and unwieldy construction of its sentences, which frequently
causes them to appear slovenly and obscure, and sometimes ren-
ders their precise meauing doubtful." — Edin. Rev., Ixxvi. 1.
'■ No work could have made such progress in nation.al opinion
without substantial qualities. Its vigour of research and its mauli-
ness of principle, its accurate knowledge and its animation of style,
have been the grounds of its remarkable public favour, as they are
the guarantees for its permanent popularity." — Blackw. Mag.
"An accomplished civilian of our own has lately closed with an
account of this final struggle (battle of Waterloo) a volnminous
history, which has. we kuow, enjoyed in its progress a very high
share of popularity, .\greeing as we do with many of Mr. Alison's
political opinions, and approving the spirit of his moral reflections,
we have no disposition to question the gener.al merits of a work,
Ac. We may be pardoned for remarking, in general, that a writer
of Mr. Alison's particular qualifications would liave acted wisely
in compressing the nnlitary narratives and disquisitions which
abound in his volumes, and in abstaining from certain conclu-
sions which, coming from him. possess, indeed, no other authority
than that which his mere powers of language can invest them,
but may be quoted by int'-rested persons for their own purposes. —
persons' who would utiii-i wise pay little atteution to Mr. Alison or
his work." — Lmi. Qixir. h'er.. Ixx. 467.
" The History of Evuoi»c during the French Revolution is by far tlu;
most remarkable historical work of the century," — For. Qtiar. Jie.v.
Those who desire to pursue the subject still further are
referred to Lon. Quar. Rev., vols. Ixx., Ixxii., Ixxiii., Ixxvi.;
Edin. Rev., Ixxvi. ; Blackw. Mag., xlii., xlvi., xlviii.. 1.,
lii. ; Westm. Rev., xli., (by W. R." Gregg ;) N. Anier. Rev.,
Ivi., (by F. Bowen;) Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii., x.. xi.. xx. ;
Amer. Whig Rev., i. 311, (in which will be found strictures
on his Toryism :) and other articles in varicms iteriodieals.
Sir Archibald Alison's Life of John, Duke of Marlbo-
rough, with some Account of his Contemporaries and of
the War of the Succession, must he read as a preface to his
histories. Of the 2d ed. the author remarks,
"In this edition, which will be considerably more than double
the size of the first, the author has endeavoured to convert the
military sketch which alone was attempted iu the first edition
into a more complete history, on the same plan in respect to de-
tail and reference to authority as his History of Europe. No
pains have been spared in consulting the best authorities on the
subject, both iu Groat Britain and on the Continent."
Alison, R. A Plaine Confutation of a Treatise of
Brownism, entitled A Description of the Visible Church,
London, 1590. An Houre's Recreation in Musioke, apt
for Instruments and Voyces, London, 1606.
Alison, William Pulteney, M.D., political econo-
mist, physician, and Professor of the Practice of Medicine
in the University of Edinburgh, is a younger brother of the
historian, and, like him, highly conservative in his politics,
but very popular with the opposite party, on account of
the interest he has bestowed on the poor and suffering
classes. In connexion with this suijject he has been led
to the consideration of certain great national questions,
and, together with bis brother, he has always opposed the
existing system of Poor Laws.
Outlines of Physiology; 3d ed., Edin., 1839, Svo; Out-
lines of Pathcdogy and Practice of Medicine, 1848, Svo ;
Remarks on the Report on the Poor-Laws of Scotland,
1848, Svo.
" Every individu.al who cannot afford time to wade through the
monstrous volumes of evidence which have been so digested, (by
Dr. .\lison.) and who feels interested in the subject, must acknow-
ledge himself di>eply indebted to the performer of this disinte-
rested ar.t of labour." — Scotsman.
In a work published at Edinburgh in 1850, entitled A
Disserbation on the Reclamation of Waste Lands, he fully
examines the subject, and recommends the colonization of
waste lands by paupers and criminals. — Meyj of the Ttmc.
Allam, Andrew, 1655-1685, born near Oxford, (at
Garsingdon,) was a pupil of William Wildgoose, a teacher
well known at that time. He took holy orders in 1680.
He had a predilection for antiquarian pursuits; and be-
sides assisting -Anthony Wooil in his Athense Oxon., he
made additions to Notitia, (1684,) and to Helorius's His-
torical and Chronological Theatre, (pub. 1687.) He also
wrote the Epistle prefixed to Dr. Cosin's Ecclesiffi Angli-
canaj Politeia, Ac, containing an account of the doctor's
life; a translation of the Life of Iphierates, Oxf., 16S4.
He projected a Notitia Ecclesia; Anglicana;, or History of
Cathedrals, but was prevented by death from completing
his design. — Biog, Jirtt.
Allamaud. Unannealed Glass Vessels, Phil. Trans.,
1745.
Allan. Power of the C. Magistrate, &c., Edin., 1807.
Allan, Charles. See Aleyn, C.
Allan, I). 1744-96, Plates illus. of Scottish Song.
Allan, George, died ISOO, an English antiquary of
note, was an attorney at Darlington. He published a
numlier of works, and, among others, struck ofl" the follow-
ing at his private printing-press : — Collections relating to
Sherburn Hospital, 1773 ; others for Greatham and Sb
Edmund's Hospital at Gateshead ; A Sketch of the Life
and Ch.aracter of Bishop Trevor, 1776. Mr. Hutchinson's
History of Durham was much aided by him.
"Nor is it any discredit to Mr. Hutchinson's industry to say,
th.at it proceeded under the guidance of Mr. Allan's judgment."
Mr. Allan presented the Antiquarian Society of London
with 26 quarto vols, of MS. relating chiefly to the Univer-
sity of Oxford.
■■ In the way from Darlington to Blackwell you pass the Grange
.... long eminently distinguished as the seat of benevolence
and the virtues." — Nic]i/>Ws Literary AnncdotfS.
Allan, George, 176S-1S2S, M.P. for Durham, son of
the above, inherited his father's passion for literary pur-
suits. Ho was a contributor to that invaluable literary
store-house, Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Allan, J. H. Pictorial Tour in the Mediterranean,
Lou.. 4to.
Allan, U. 1. A Dictionary of the Ancient Languages
of Scotland, Edin., 1S04. 2. A Treatise on the Operation
of Lithotomy, ic, Edin., 1808. 3. A System of Pathos-
logical and "Operative Surgery, founded on Anatomy, 3
vols.. lSlU-24.
Allan, Robert. Manual of Mineralogy, Lon., Svo.
Allan, Thomas. Works on Mineralogy, 1808-18.
Allansou. Sermon on ,Iohn xiii. 34, I'TSO.
Allanson, J. A. Picturesque Representations of the
Manneis of the Russians, 3 vols. fol. Lond., 1813.
AUardyce, A. \A. respect. Bank of Eng., 1798-lSOl.
AUason, J., D.D. Sermon on 2 Sam. xviii. 3, 1713.
Allason, T. Pict. Views: Anti. of Pola., Lond., 1819.
Allbnt. Elements Useful Knowledge, Ac., Lond., 1809.
Alk'hin, R. A<ldress to Young Persons on the Truth
and Importance of Christianity, 1803.
Alldridge, W. T. The Goldsmith's Repository,
London, 1789.
" A useful work,"— LowmKS.
Alle, T. Nar. reh to Edward's Gangrsena, Lon., 1646.
AUein, Thomas. See Allen.
ALL
ALL
AUeine, or Alleiu, Joseph, 16.33-16S8, an emi-
nent Jsonconloruiist minister, was b. at Devizes, Wilt-
shire, and entered Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1649. He
was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi in 1651, and two
years afterwards was elected to the chaplainship. So
diligent was he in his studies, that he allowed himself but
three hours" sleep, and often gave away his "commons" to
save more time for his books. He accepted the post of
assistant minister to Mr, Newton at Taunton, in 1655. He
suffered greatly from imprisonment, and other annoyances,
in consequence of his conscientious refusal to accept the
act of uniformity of 1662. He was "abundant in la-
bours," holy in ^lis "walk and conversation," and exem-
plary in all the relations of life. He i)nblished a number
of religious works, 1656-167-i, the best known of which
is An Alarm to Unconverted Sinners, 1672, of which
20,000 copies were sold. It appeared three years after-
wards, under the title of A Sure Guide to Heaven, when
50,000 copies were disposed of. Since then it has run
through many editions, and been the means, through the
Divine blessing, of turning "many to righteousness."
" A very awaki.-niiig and judicious work." — IJickersteth.
AUeine or Allein, Richard, 1611-lCSl, a Noncon-
formist minister, was of St. Alban's-hall, Oxford, and
became Rector of Bateaube, Somersetshire. Like his name-
sake, the subject of the preceding article, he was noted for
zeal in labours and piety in deportment. He published a
number of religions works, of which the Vindiciae Pietatis,
or Vindication of Godliness from the imputations of Folly
and Fancy, Lon., 1663, is still in considerable estimation.
Allen. Farrier's Assistant, London, 1737.
Allen. Speeimina Iconographica, or Nature of In-
ventions and Experiments, Lon., 1730. Twenty-six ser-
mons on important subjects, Lon., 1751.
Allen, Anthony, d. 1754. collected a biographical
account of the members of Eton College, and considerable
materials for an English dictionary of obsolete words. Of
the former, one copy was placed iu King's, one In Eton
College Library, and ono by his will was to be given to
Mr. Speaker Onslow, his patron. — Chalmers's Diet.
Allen, B. Treatises on Mineral Waters, .fee, Lon.,
1689-1711.
Allen, B. A Poem ins. to his Brit. Majesty, 1761.
Allen, Charles. See Aleyn.
Allen, Charles. Operator for the Teeth. Dubl., 1687.
Allen, David O., D.D., b. Barre, Mass., grad. Union
Coll., 1823; proceeded to India as a missionary of the
American Board, 1827; returned to U.S., 1853. India,
Ancient and Modern, 8vo, pp. 618 j 2d ed., Bost, 1858.
See a review in Lon. Athen., No. 1497, July 5, 1856.
Contrib. extensively to journals in India and America.
Allen, E. Argument resp. Island of Jersey, Lon., 1812.
Allen, Edniond. See Alen.
Allen, £than, 1742-1789, a brigadier-general in the
war of the American Revolution, b. in Roxbury, Conn.
He pub. a number of controversial pamphlets, a narrative
of his observations during his captivity, and Allen's Theo-
iog.Y, or The Oracle of Reason, 1786.
''This last work was intended to ridicule the doctrino of Moses
and the prophets. It would be unjust to bring against it the
cliarge nf having effected great mischief in the world ; for few have
had tlie patience to read it." — Allen's Amer. Diog. Diet.
As might bo expected of one silly enough to espouse the
absurdities of infidelity, Mr. Allen held some very foolish
opinions : viz. that man after death would transmigrate
into beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles, «fec. ; and that he himself
should live again in the form of a large white horse.
Allen, F., Archd. of Middlesex. Sermons. Lon.,
1739-51.
Allen, G. Tables for Tolls and Freight, 1800.
Allen, H. Letters, kc, 1774.
Allen, Henry, 174S-1784, b. at Newport, R.I., pub.
a volume of Hymns, several treatises and sermons.
Allen, Hezekiah. A Sacred Drama, 1798.
Allen, I. N. Diary of a March through Sinde and
Affghanistan, &c., and sermons, Lon., 1843.
Allen, Ira, 1752?-1814, first Secretary of Vermont,
was a brother of Ethan Allen. Natural and Political
History of Vermont, Lon., 1798. Statements applicable
to the Olive Branch, Phila., 1807.
Allen, J. The Younger Brother, ic, Osf., 1624.
Allen, Jas. The Danger of Philosophy, <tc., Lon. ,1807.
Allen, Jas., 1632-1710, minister in Boston, Mass.,
came to America in 1662. 1. Healthful Diet, a sermon.
New England's Choicest Blessings, an election sermon,
1679. Serious Advice to Delivered Ones. Man's Self-re-
flection, (fee. J and two practical discourses.
Allen, Jas., 1691-1747, first minister of Brookline,
Mass. 1. Thauksg. Sermon, 1722. 2. Discourse on Pro-
vidence, 1727. 3. Doctrine of Merit exploded, Ac., 1727.
4. A Fast Sermon, 1727. 5. Sermon to a Society of Young
Men, 1731. 6. On the Death of Saml. Aspinwall, 1733.
7. Election Sermon, 1744.
Allen, Jas., 1739-1808, Boston, Mass. Poems.
Allen, J. Fisk. Practical Treatise on the Culture
and Trt-atmcnt of the Grape-Vine, 1853, N.Y., 12mo j 3d
ed., enlarged.
Allen, John, 1476-1534, Archbishop of Dublin in the
reign of Henry VII. ; author of Epistola de Pallii Signi-
ficatione. De Consuetudinibus ac Statutis, »fec., and some
uthor trealil^es.
Allen, John. Judicial Astrologers, Ac, Lon., 1659
Allen, John. Ser. on Perjury, Lev. xix. 12, 1682.
Alien, John, M.D. Synopsis Medicinas ; or a Sum-
mary View of the whole Practice of Physick, Lon., 1719.
Printed iu Paris, 1728; Amsterdam, 1730.
Allen, John. Sermon on Ps. cxxxiii. 1, 1725. On
Tit. ii. 15, 174(1.
Allen, John. Narrative of New Inventions, Lon.»
1730.
Allen, John. Sermons. 1740-56.
Allen, John, Vice Principal of St. Mary Magd. Hall
Oxford. Pub. various sermons, 1758-73.
Allen, John. Spiritual Magazine, or the Christian's
Grand Treasure, 1752. A new edit, with preface by Ro
maine, Lon., 1810, 3 vols,
Allen, John, a learned dissenting layman, the au-
thor of several religious works, and of excellent transla-
tions of Calvin's Institutes, and Outram on Sacrifice, Ac.
Mr. Allen is best known by Modern Judaism, or a Brief
Account of the Opinions, Rites, and Ceremonies of the
Jews in Modern Times, Lon., 1817.
"This is the best work on modern Judaism in our language.
The various topics mentioned in the title are treated very judicious-
ly, and passages of Scripture are occasionally illustrated." — OKMi:.
" Useful information." — Bickeesteth.
"The various traditions. &c. re<'eived and adopted by the mo-
dern Jews (that is, by those who lived during and subsequently
to the time of Jesus Christ) are fully and perspicuously treated
in this well-executed volume, which illustnites various passages in
the New Testament with great ft-licitv.'— T. II. Hoene.
Allen, John, M.D., 1770-1843, b. Colinton, near
Edinburgh. 1. Illustrations of Mr. Hume's Essay con-
cerning Liberty and Necessity, iu answer to Dr. Gregory,
of Edinburgh, by a Necessitarian. 2. Trans. Cuvier's
Study of the Animal Economy, Edin., 1801. 3. Inquiry
into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in
England, 1830. A valuable constitutional work. A new
ed., with the author's revisions, was published after his
death. Contrib. extensively to Edin. Rev., chiefly on
subjects connected with the British Constitution and with
French and Spanish history. Forty-one articles in that
perindical are attributed to him. the principal of which
are Regency Question, ISll ; Constitution of Parlia-
ment, 1816; Review of Lingard's England ; Church Rates,
1839, Ac. ; Hist, of Europe in the Annual Register for
1806; and a Biog. Sketch of Mr. Fox, 1820. See Lord
Brougham's Hist. Sketches, pp. 342-348, Third Series.
Allen, John, 151)6-1671. first minister of Dedhara,
Mass., born in England, driven thence by persecution.
Mr. Cotton speaks of him with respect in his preface to
Norton's Answer to Apollonius. He pub. a Defence of the
Nine Positions, in which, with Mr. Shejiard of Cambridge,
he discusses the points of Church Discipline, and a de-
fence of the Synod of 1662, against Mr. Chauncy, under
the title of Animadversions upon the Antisyuodalia, 4to,
1664. (In N. England Library.) His last two sermons
were pub. after his death. — Mmjnal. iii. 132, Prenties'a
ftni. serni. mi Haven.
Allen, Jos. Evil Communications, 1 Cor. xv. 33, 1712.
Allen, Joseph, R.N. 1. Battles of the British
Navy; new ed., revised and enlarged, Lon., 2 vols. p.
Svo, 1852. 2. Navigation-Laws of Great Britain, 8vo,
Allen, Jos. II. Discourses on Orthodoxy, Bost., 12mo.
Allen, Joshua* On James ii. 10, 1730. The Trinity,
Ac. 1751.
Allen, Lydia. Experimental Christianity, Ac, 2d
ed., grt^atly enlarged, Lon., 1741.
Allen, Otis. Duties and Liabilities of Sheriffs, re-
vised and enlarged, Albany, 1845, Svo. See 5 Am. Law
Mag., 456.
Allen, Paul, 1775-1826, was born at Providence, R.
I. He graduated at Brown University in 1796. He was
a contributor to the Phila. Port Folio, the United States
, Gazette, and The Portico, (associated with Pierpout and
63
ALL
ALL
Neal.) lie was also an editor of the Federal RopublicuD
at Baltimore, of the Journal of the Times, and of the
Morning Chronicle. He was employed to prepare for the
press the travels of Lewis and Clarke. He had long pro-
mised a History of the American Revolution, and a large
subscription had been secured. It at last appeared in his
name, but was written by John Neal and Mr. Watkin.
His principal poem has been commended as possessing
"simplicity and feeling." He published Original Poems,
Berious and Entertaining, 1801. — Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet,
His poem of Noah was pub. 1S21, in 5 cantos: it origin-
ally consisted of 26 ; but, having been placed in the bauds
of Mr. Neal for revision, he judiciously reduced it to its
present dimensions,
Allen, R. 1. Doctrine of the Gospel, 1606. 2. On
Proverbs, 1612.
Allen, R. 1. Singing of Psalms, 1696. 2. Sermons,
1675-1702.
Allen, R. Great Importance of Havannah, Lon.,
1712-62.
Allen, or Alleine, Richard. An Antidote against
Heresy. Lon., 104S.
Allen, Robt* Christian Beneficence, Lon., 1660.
Allen, Robert. 1. Forms of Wills. Lon,, 12mo. 2.
Prac. Com. Law Cuurts, 1841, 12mo, 3. Insolvent Debtors'
Court, 183H, 12mo.
Allen, T. Expedient reL to Ch. of England, 1 Pet.
V. 1-4. 1719.
Allen, Thomas. 1. History and Antiquities of the
Parish and Palace of Lambeth, Lon., 1S24-27, 8vo, and
also 4to. 2. History and Antiquities of London, Ac, 1827
-29, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. History of the County of York, 1829,
6 vols. 8vo. 4. History of the County of Lincoln, 2 vols.
4to. 5. History of the County of Surrey, Svo. 6. History
of the Counties of Surrey and Sussex. 2 vols. Svo.
Allen, Sir T. A work rel.to the Pirates of Algiers, 1670.
Allen, or Alleyn,Thos., 1542-1632, celebrated for his
knowledge of mathematics and astrology, was one of the
most noted men of his day. He wrote, 1. Claudii Ptolemei
Pelusiensis de Astrorum judiciis aut, ut vulgo vocant,
quadripartitte constructionis, Liber secundus, cum Expo-
sitione. Th. Alleyn Angli Oxoniensis. 2, Ejusdem Lib.
Tertius. These works in MS. fell into the hands of Lilly,
who gave them, in 1652, to Elias Ashmole. He likewise
wrote notes on many of Lilly's books, and some on John
Bale's book, De Seriptoribus Maj. Britaunia\ Ho was
born at Uttoxeter. in Staffordshire, being descended, through
six generations, from Henry Allen, or Alan, Lord of the
Manor of Buckenhall.
" In 1561, he was admitted scholar of Trinity Collefre, Oxford,
and in 1503, Mastt^r of Arts. . . . IJeing thus jiccoiiiplisht!d with
various sorts of learning, he was several times invited to the
houses of princes and noblemen, not only of his nation, but of
others. Robert. Earl of Leicester, had a particular estt-em lor Mr.
Allen. It is certain the earl placed such confidence in Mr. Allen,
that nothing material in the state was transacted without his
knowledge. . . . Ue wasalso highly respected by otherfemousmen
of his time, as Sir Thomas Bodley. Sir Henry .Saville. Mr. Camden,
Sir Robt. Cotton, Sir Henry Spelman, Mr. Selden, &cy—Bi(>g. Bnt.
Allen, Thos., 1572-1636, a clergyman, and literary
friend of Sir Henry Saville, was probationer fellow of
Merton College, Oxf. Observationes in Libellum Chrysos-
tomi in Esaiam.
" He entered into the sacred function, but instead of frequent
preaching, he exercised himself much in crablied and critical learn-
ing. He was one that helped Sir II. Saville in making and fram-
ing his Annotations on Chrysostimies Homilies, on Matthew and
the other Evangelists, as he doth acknowled-re in his preface to the
said Annotations, wherein ho styles this our author Vir doctrissi-
viiis, Oraxorum literarum non minus quam Theologiie pt-ritissimus,
Ac." — Anthoxt Wood.
Allen, Thos. The Excellency of the Koyal Hands'
Handy Work, Lon., 1665.
Allen, Thos., 16U8-1673, a Nonconformist minister,
born and stationed at Norwich. In 16."i6. Bishop Wren
fiilenced him for refusing to read the disgraceful Book of
Sports. Chain of Scripture Chronology, from the Creation
to the Death of Christ in seven periods, Lon., 16.39.
Preface to Shepard's work on Liturgies. The Glory of
Christ, tfec.
Allen, or Allein, or Alleine, Thos., 1682?-1755,
died while reading prayers in his church, at Kettering,
Northamp. The Practice of a Holy Life, Ac, Lon., 1716.
The Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Life : both trans-
lated into the Russian language. He wrote a number of
other works.
Allen, Thos., 1743-1810, first minister of Pitts-
field, Mass. 1. Sermon on the death of Elizabeth White;
1798. 2. On the death of Moses Allen; ISOl. 3. On the
death of Anna Collins; 1803. 4. On the death of his son,
54
Thos. Allen, Jr. ; 1806. 5. Election Sermon : ISOS. Some
of his letters were published in Edin, Miss. Mag. for Oct.,
Nov., and Dec, 1799.
Allen, Thos., M.D. History and Description of a Her-
maphrodite, in a Latin letter, Phil. Trans. Abr. i. 223. 1668.
Allen, W., D.D. Religions works. Lon., 1673-1703.
Allen, Wm. A Glass of Justification, Lon., 1658,
1660. A Relation of the Orations Release of Mrs. Huish
from the Tempter, Lon., 1658.
Allen, Wm. Under this name was published in 1659,
the celebrated tract entitled, Killing no Murder, with some
additions tit for Public View, to deter and prevent Single
Persons and Councils from Usurping Supreme Power.
This tract has been attributed both to Colonel Silas Titus
and to Colonel Sexby. It invited all j)atriots to assassina-
tion, proclaiming that the greatest benefit any Englishman
could render his country would be to murder Cromwell.
A copy was thrown into the Protector's coach, and it is
said that he afterwards always carried loaded pistols, and
never knew another moment's peace.
Allen, Wni. Ways and Means, &c.. Value of Land,
Lon., 1736.
Allen, Win. Ascension Sermon, E.x. xs. 16, 1743.
Allen, Wni., pub. an edition of the Twelve Orations
by which Demusthenes endeavoured to animate the Athe-
nians with the spirit of liberty.
•• This edition (1757) is allowed to possess much merit." — WaWs
Bib. Brit.
Allen, Wm., 1770-1843, a distinguished member of
the Society of Friends, elected Fellow Roy. Soc, 1807, and
contrib. many valuable papers to the Society's Phil.
Trans., being the results of his more important chemical
investigations. See Life and Corresp., Lon., 3 vols. Svo;
Memoir by Jas. Sherman, new cd., p. Svo, 1857 j Pharma-
ceutical Jour, and Trans.. Feb. 1S44.
Allen, William, D.D.. b. Jan. 2, 1784, at Pittsfield,
Mass., son of Rev. Thos. Allen, first minister of Pittsfield,
iq.v.); grad. at Harvard Coll.. 1802; was Pres. of Bow-
doin Coll., 1820-39, at which time he resigned. He was
successor of Dr. Channing as a Regent in Harvard Coll.
While in that oflBee he prepared the first edition of his
American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, pub.
1809, containing notices of about 700 Americans. This
was the first book of general biography issued in the U.S.;
2d ed., 1832, contained more than 1800 names; 3d ed..
Best., 1S57, r. Svo, contains the names of 7000 Americans
more or less distinguished. In 1807 he prepared the lives
of American ministers for the Rev. David Rogue's History
of Dissenters, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. Svo; 1812, 4 vols. Svo.
He made a collection of more than 10,000 words not found
in the dictionaries of the English language, 1500 being
contributed to Worcester's Dictionary in 1846, 4000 to
Webster's in 1854, and 6000 for the projected new ed. of
Webster. Baccalaureate Addres.ses. 1823-29. Junius Un-
masked, to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius,
Bost.. 1828, 12mo: see Jrxics. Accounts of Shipwrecks ;
Psalms and Hymns, with many Original Hymns, 1835.
Memoir of John Codman, 1853. Historical Discourse on
the Fortieth Anniversary of the Second Church in Dor-
chester, 1848. Discourse at the Close of the Second
Century of the Settlement of Northampton, Mass., 1854.
Wunnissoo, or The Vale Hoosatunnuk ; a Poem, with
learned Notes, 1856. He is the author of the biographical
articles, in Dr. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit,
on John Wise, John Graham. Eleazer Whcelock, and
Thomas Allen. We are indebted to Dr. Allen's Bio-
graphical Diet, for many facts relating to the early Ame-
rican authors. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc, vol. i.
Allen, Wm. Views of the River Niger, Lon., ob. 4to.
Views in the I.^land of Ascension, imp. 4to. Dead Sea: a
New Route to India, 2 vols. cr. Svo. 1855. In conjunction with
Mr. Thompson. Expedition to the Niger, 1841, 2 vols. Svo.
Allen, Wm. Minutes for Gent. Yeomanry, Lon.. 1798.
Allen, Wm. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., Ac, 1807-9.
Allen, \\'m. Grammatical works, Lou., 1813-15.
Allen, Wm. See Alan, W.
Allen, Z., b. 1796. iit Providence, R. I. Science of
Mechanics, 1829, Svo. Travels in Europe, 2 vols. Svo.
Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature, 1852, Svo.
Allestree, Chas. Sermons, Judg. v. 31; Num. xxiii.
10, 1685-95.
Allestree, Kichard, D.D.. 1619-1681, was Provost
of Eton, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University
of Oxford. Privileges of the University of Oxford, Ac,
1647. Sermons pub. 1660, 66, 73, and 84. IS Sermons,
1669; 40 Sermons before the King, Ac, 16S4. Dr. Pri-
deaux was of opinion that the books
ALL
''Assigned ferroneously. he thought.] to the same author, as
The Whole Dutv of Man. were written l»y Rp. Fell and Dr. Alles-
tree. ... As to" what Bp. Fell says in a fulio edition at Oxford, in
which all these books are compri.sed tosetber, where he mentions
the author as lately dead, it was generally understood to Le meant
of Dr. Allestree. who was then lately deceased. ... Of Dr. Alles-
tree's writinn there is a folio volume of sermons, whirh may bo
compared with these ti-eatises." — Xtcfiols's Literaiy Aiii'C(t"f(;<.
" He was a person rii-hly furnished with all vaiiety of riih and
solid learning, requisite to lecomniend them with the fji-eatest ad-
vantage to the more intelligent world for one of the most eminent
divines of our age." — Wjod's Atfuii. Oxnn.
Allestree, Thos- Funeral Hdkf. and three scrs., 1691.
Allestry, Jacob, 165;i-l(i86, author of several pieces
in the Exiimen Poeticumj one of the many poetical vic-
tims to dissipation.
Allet, Thos. Serraon on the Funeral of H. Clements,
with the Christian Support uudcr the Loss of Friends,
2 Sam. xii. 22, Lon., 1720.
Alley, Sir Geo., M.D. 1. An Essay on a Peculiar
Eruptive Disease, arising from the Exhibition of Mercury;
Illustrated with Cases, taken at the Westmoreland Lock
Hospital, Dublin ; Dubl., 1804. 2. Observations on the
Hydrargyria, or that Vesicular Disease arising from the
Exhibition of Mercury, Lnn.. ISIO.
Alley, Jerome, b. 17G0. Political and religious works,
Lon., 1778-181)6.
Alley, Peter. The Tears of the Muses, Lon., 1794.
Alley, William, D.D.. 15l2?-lo70. consecrated
Bishop of Exeter, 1560. translated the Pentateuch for
Archbishop Parker's Bible. He was educated at Eton ;
thence, in 1582, he went to King's Cull., Camb., where he
took the degree of B.A., and removed thence to Oxford.
He wrote a Hebrew Grammar, and was author of the
Poor Man's Library ; being Rhapsodies of Prajlections on
1st Epist. St. Peter, 2 vols. fol. Lon., 1571.
*' He was a person universiilly learned, especially in Divinity
and in the Tongues. prea.ched almost every Holyday. and read a
lecture every day while he lived at Exeter." — Wood's AOfn. Ox^jn.
" He became lecturer in St. Paul's : I say lecturer, which name,
though since it hath sounded ill in some jealous ears, as infected
with faction, was an ancient office founded in some cathedrals, to
read divinity there; and this Master Alleys learned lectures (ac-
cording to that a^e) are extant in print. ... He lieth liuried
under a fair marble in his own cathedral." — FuUer^s W'rrthics.
AUeyu, J. Episcopacy the Great Bond of Union,
Ephes. iv. 11-13, 1701. Unanimity in the Truth a Neces-
sary Duty, with the Means of Acquiring it, Horn, xv, 5,
6, 1707.
Alleyne, J. Leg. Decrees of Marriage, Ac., Lon., 1774.
AUeyne, J., M.D. New Eng, Dispensatory, Lon., 1733.
Alleyue, or Alleyii. See Allen.
Alliboud, John, D.D., died 1658, son of Rev. Peter
Allibond, was of Magd. Coll., Oxford, where his father
had preceded hira. Anthonj' Wood gives him a high cha-
racter as a scholar and a divine :
•■ This worthy Doctor, who was a Buckinghamshire Mau born,
and lately the chief master of the Free School joyninj; to Ma:^d,
Coll.. was a most excellent Latin poet and philologist, and hath
publisiied llustica Academical Oxoniensis nuper lleformata; de-
scriptin : una cum comitiis ibidem, IQix habitis. "Tis a Latin poem,
and was twice printed in 164S. He died at Bradwell in dlouces-
tershire, (of which place he was rector,) an. 165^."
Of the above satire — now very rare — on the Parliament-
ary Visitors, a MS. Key is referred to in Wood's Fasti, by
Bliss, ii., 69.
'•A Latin poem of exquisite humour, twice printed in IfUS; re-
printtd in 1705, fob; and aLrain with an Uudibrastic translation
by Kdward Ward, in the fifth volume of Somers's Cullection of
Tracts. A very curious copy, with a complete Key in MS., is to
be found in Wood's study, No. 423." — Low.ndes.
Allibond, Peter, 1560-1629, father of the preceding.
" An ingenious man in the opinion of all who knew him, was
born at \Vardenten. near to Hanliury in Oxfordshire, where his
name and family had for some generations lived, became a student
of Maird. Hall in the beginnin;^ of 1578, aa;ed IS years or there-
abouts, took the degree in Arts, travelled for some time beyond
the seas. and. on his return, became Hector of Cheyneys in Bucks,
where, continuing many years, did much improve the ignorant
with his sound doctrine. What he hath written I know not, nor
translations which he hath made, only these two from French into
Ensilish: 1. Comfort for an Afflicted Conscience, wherein is con-
tained both consolation and instruction for the sick. &c., Lon.,
l.o91, Oct., written by John do L'Espine. 2. Confutation of the
Popish T ran substantiation, together with a Narration how that
the Mass was at sundry times patched and pieced by sundry Popes,
&c.. Lon., 1592. And a translation from Latin into English, en-
titled The Golden Chain of Salvation. Lon., 1604, qu., written by
ILirnnn Renecher." — Wood" s At f ten. Oxon
Allies, T, W, 1. Church of England Cleared from the
Charge of Schism, Lon., Svo. 2. Journal in France in
1843, '48, Svo. 3. Name and Office of St. Peter, Svo. 4.
Royal Supremacy, Svo. 5. See of St. Peter, Svo. 6. Ser-
mons on Koniaiis, Svo.
Allin, Abby, of Pomfrct, Connecticut. Home Bal-
ALL
lads : a Book for New Englandcrs, 1850. A contributor to
several periodicals under the signature of " Nilla."
*' The writings of Miss Allan are filled with warm sympathies for
the working-day world: she has a cheerful, hopeful philos-opby.
. . . The expression of these feelings makes her ballads popular."
— IFoHitnr,-; Utrnrd.
AUiii^ham. Mathematical works, &c., Lon., 1710-14,
AUxn^ham, J. Till. Fortune's Frolics, 1799.
"There is both fun and morality in this entertainment." — Biog,
Dram.
Other pieces, pub. Lon., ISO.S-OS.
AIIin&:ham, W. Poems, Lon., 12mo. Music-Master,
&c. : new ed., IS.")". 12mo.
Allin^toii, John. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1655-78.
Allison, It. Cun. to Amer. Trans.,v.87, ISOO; ib., 87.
Allison, F., 1705-1777, Presby. minister in Phila.
Serm. on Kph. iv. 7, 1758.
Allison, P., of Pa., d. 1802. Treatises on Liberty. Ac.
Allison, R. The Ps. of Dauid in Metre, &c., Lon.,"l599.
Allison, T- Voyage from Archangel in Russia, in
1697, Ac, Lon., 1699. See Pinkerton's Voyages and Tra-
vels, vol. i.
Allix, Peter, 1641-1717. This eminent divine and
profound scholar became so completely Anglicised, and
reflected so much credit upon the land of his adoption,
that we are willing to make an exception in his case, as we
have done in some few others, and give him a place in our
register. He was born at Alenfon in France, and stationed
in the principal church of the Reformed at Charenton near
Paris. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685,
drove him to England, where he became the pastor of a
French congregation in conformity with the Established
Church. He was profoundly versed in Hebrew and classi-
cal literature. His works are very numerous. Reflexions
on the Books of the Holy Scripture, &c., Lon., 1688.
''These KeHections are not in the form of a continued commen-
tary on the Bible; but take up what may be called the spirit of it,
under distinct heads, chiefly with a view, as the title expresses it,
to establish the divine orijpn of Christianity. They were pub-
lished in French about the same time [UJS7] that they appeared in
ICnjrlish. They were also translated into German, and published
at Xurembert; in 1702." — Orme: Btbl. Bih.
*' These Rettexions have always been held in great repute for the
plainness and erudition with which they are written." — Bishop
W.\TSON.
The Judgment of the Ancient Jewish Church against
the Unitarians, Lon., 1699.
*' It affords much curioxis and interesting information on those
passajxes of the Old Testament which have been supposed to con-
tain the doctrine of the Trinity. He successfully shows, that if
the ancient Jews were not strictly Trinitarians, they were firm
believers of a plurality in the tiodhead." — Orme.
" It is not remarkable for accurate statement or judicious rea-
soning."— DR- 8mith,
"A noble storehouse of arguments to confound the Jews by
proving that Jesus Christ is the Messiah; andat the same time to
put all'the Free-thinkers to silence."— Dr. Wotton.
The Boi)k of Psalms, Ac., Lon., 1701.
"Of no great value. It is too brief to be satisfactory, either to
the critic or the lover of practical exposition."— Ousie.
Diatriba de anno et Mense Natali Jesu Christi, etc., Lon.,
1710.
*' In this Latin tract, Allix endeavours to show that the Messiah
was born not in winter, but in the spring." — Orme.
Allman, >Vm. Math. Con. to Phil, and Irish Soc.
Trans., 181 I. Ac.
AUnut, A. C. Poverty, ami other Poems, Lon., ISOI.
Allniit, G, S. Practice of Wills. 12mo.
Allnut, Z. Treatises on Navigation, Lon., 1806-10.
Allot, Robert, is believed to have been the compiler
of a very curious and valuable volume of early poetry,
which had a large share in the remarkable development of
Bibliomania which characterized the first quarter of the
present century. England's Parnassus ; or the choycest
Flowers of our Modern Poets, with their Poeticall compa-
risons. Descriptions of Bewties, Personages, Castles. Pal-
laces, Mountaines. Groues. Seas. Springs, River?, Ac.
Whereunto arc annexed other various discourses, both
pleasant and profitable. Imprinted at London, for N. L.,
C. B., and T. IL, 1600.
Of Allnt's history nothing is now known. We find a
surmise in Brytl^es' Restituta, (vol. iii, 2;U,) thathe was the
Robert Allot who was Fellow of 8t. John's College in 1599.
With regard to the Parnassus, as it " has preserved portions
of many scarce poets, whose very names, without .such care,
might have probably sunk into oblivion, it must ever rank
as a book both valuable and curious.'' Wood seems to have
attributed this collection to Charles Fitz-Gefl'rey:
" Ue hath also made, as 'tis said, A Collection of choice Flowers
and Descriptions, as well out of his. as the worksof several others,
the most renowned Poets of our Nation : collected about the l>e-
55
ALL
ALS
ElnmnEoftherfKnofK.JamesI; but this, tho' I have been many I " We have often pored over Allston's pages to a.lmire the graM
ginning 111 1 111 .ij.^- ...» t . .l„* ..;„!.» „f it ••_ iH,.,, o^ym I and delicacy of his Eniilish poetical style. Thjs honk is equally
The nice selection
years .seeking-' after, yet I cannot get a sight of it." — Allien. Oxon.
" Tt is vnhi.ible not only on account of its variety, but also on ; it^,*. ««,^.^ • "■,-,- - ir*i.„ v. *■ *!,,.„
accc^^M'itsint.i.icwoH^asaConipilationpret^ J^S'^^ JS^ I^^^^SS: t^ ^l^h =^M iT ^^S
executed."— irart's Bib. Brit.
A copy is priced in the Bib. Anglo-Poetica £20, and one
was sold in the Roxburghe sale, (3171,) for £21. Having
been reprinted by Mr. Park in the Hcliconia, " the reprints
have pulled down the prices more than one peg." — Dildin.
" Had the editor of this curious volume, besides citing the names
of his authors, added the titles of the works from which be culled
bis specimens, an infinity of trouble would have been saved to
subsequent research; yet the deficiency has served, in a peculiar
manner, to mark the successful progress of modern bibliograpby.
fences, and the rhythmical cadence to which thought and expres-
sion seem to move united, combine to make it one of the most
finished works in American literature."— Vol. liv. 397.
Mr. AUston was distinguished for his conversational
powers and amiability of deportment, as well as for artistic
genius and literary taste. " His tongue wrought on his
associates and acquaintances like an enchanter's spell,
preventing their taking any note of time; and the small
hours would be close upon them before they had thought
of retiring." See Ijcetures on Art, and Poems, by Wash-
When Oldvs wrote his preface to Ilayward's British Muse, which jngton Allston, edited by K. H. Dana, Jr., New York,
was tut published in 1738. he complains grievously of this omis- ! o^, -^
.ion. observinir that most of Allots poets -were now so obsolete , ^jj^^^^'j^ p_ Ljjerary Antiquities of Greece, Ac.
sion, observing that most of Allofs poet!
that not knowing what they wrote, we can have no recourse to
their works, if still extant.' Since this sentence w.as written, such
has been the industry of our literary antiquaries, that almost every
poem which Allot laid under contribution in forming his volume,
has been ascertained, and rendered accessible to the curious in-
quirer; and so far from the writers being obsolete, after nearly
eighty years have been added to their anti.iuity, we may venture
to afflrm that, excepting about half a dozen, they are as familwr
to us as the poets of the present reign."— i>raJ:e's Sliakspeare and.
His Times.
The contributors to England's Parnassus were the fol-
lowin
23. Gervase Markham.
24. Christopher Marlowe.
25. John Marston.
26. Christopher Middleton.
27. Thomas Nash.
2S. Oxford, Earl of.
29. George Peele.
30. Matthew Hoydon.
31. S,i(k%ill.-. l.nrd Jiuckhurst.
32. ^\ illiaiii >liakspeare.
33. Kduiuud Spenser.
34. Thomas Storer.
35. Surrey. Earl ot
3t). Sir Philip Sidney.
37. ,lnshua Sylvester.
38. tborgc Tiibcrviile.
30. ^Villiam Warner.
40. Thomas Watson.
41. ,Tohn Weever.
42. William Weever.
43. Sir Thomas Wyatt.
Thomas Achelly.
2. Thonuas Bastard.
3. George Chapman.
4. Thomas Churchyard.
5. Henry Constable.
6. Samuel Daniel.
7. John Davies.
8. Thomas Dekk.ar.
9. Mich.ael Drayton.
10. Edniuud Fairfax.
11. Charles Fitz-Geftrey,
12. Abraham Fraunce.
13. George Gascoigne.
14. Edward Gilpin.
15. Robert Greene.
16. Sir John Harrington.
17. John Higgins.
IS. Thomas Hudson.
19. James, King of Scots.
20. Benjamin Jnnsou.
21. Thomas Kyd.
22. Thomas Lodge.
" Robert Allot is a joint sonneteer with E. Gilpin before Mark-
ham's • Devereux,' 1697. They were proKably friends, and though
Gilpin's name occurs in no other book, he is not unfrequently
quoted in England's Parnassus. This atTords some slight confir-
mation that Allot was the compiler of it."— CuHter's nxl. Decameron.
Oldys has taken to task the .judgment of the editor in
his selection of .luthors and extracts; but Warton, a far
higher authority, declares that,
•■The method is judicious, the extracts copious, and made with
a degree of taste."
Allott, R. Sermon before H. of Commons. Fast-Day,
1806. , ,
Allston,'Washinston,l 779-1 .S43. This distinguished
artist was the author of a number of poetical and prose
compositions. He was born in Georgetown, South Caro-
lina, and entered Harvard College in 1796. In 1813 he
published in London, a volume entitled. The Sylphs of the
Seasons and other Poems, which seems to have passed un-
noticed in the multitude of works issuing from the London
press. The principal portion of the contents of this vol-
ume had been perused and much admired in MS. by Mr.
AUston's friends in Boston. The volume is made up of
quite a number of poems, the largest containing between
eix and seven hundred lines.
" Mr. AUston's versiticatiou is peculiarly easy, and seems thrown
out with as little effort as it is read. With all bis ease, however, he
is always musical, and we have only to object to a loose line here and
there. . . . Our author's language is all good, but is not strictly
the poetical language; and we should think that he had not been
a wide and constant reader of the old English poets. . . . We
would advise our readers to make themselves acquainted with it.
They certainly will find it worthy their pride, in the general poverty
of literature in our country." — Nortit American Kevienj, vol. v. 365.
The Romance of Monaldi, which had been written twenty
years before, .and intended as a contribution to Mr. Dana's
Idle Man, was published in 1841, anonymously. Monaldi
is a gnohiatc of the Othello school, infuriated by .jcalou.sy,
and determined himself to become a murderer, because ho
imagines his wife to ho unfaithful. The Rev, Dr. Griswold
remarks with reference to Mr, AUston's style ;
"All the specimens that I h.ave seen of his prose indicate a re-
markable command of language, great descriptive powers, and rare
philosophical as well as imaginative talent."
The North American Review speaks in high t«rms of
the literary character of Monaldi :
6ii
Lon., 1794. 12 Lectures on the Prophecies, &e., Lon., 1815.
Allyn. See Alan and Allen.
Almou, Mr., and T. D.iwkes, Phil. Trans., Abr. is.,
95, 1745.
Almon, and Debrctt. Parliamentary Register, 1743-74,
Lon., 11 vols. 2d Ed., with additions, Lon., 1792, 7 vols.
Almou, John, 1738-1805, combined the three pro-
fessions in London, of Bookseller, Author, and Editor.
He pub. a number of political tracts of a violent character,
some of which he is supposed to have written. Anecdotes
of Lord Chatham, 1792, often reprinted. Biographical,
Literary, and Political Anecdotes, 1797.
"This work, though parfi.al. is interesting, as containing many
curious particulars of the political characters and contests of the
day." — Lowndes.
Almond. Mistery of Godliness, Lon., 1671.
Almond, K. English Horseman, Ac, Lon., 1673.
Alsop, Ann. Letters to Rev. T. Edmonds, Lon., 1801.
Alsop, Anthony, d. 1726, was elected from 'West-
minster to Christ Church, where he became censor, M.A.,
1696 B. D., 1706. Fabularum .Ssopicarum Delectus,
Oxon., 1698. Antonii Alsopi MiWs Christi Olim Alumni
Odarum libro duo, 1751. He made use of the Sapphic
numbers in his familiar correspondence, in which
" he showed a facility so uncommon and a style so natural and
easy that bo lias not been unjustly e^steemcd inferior only to his
master Horace."— A'ic;w(^-'.s Literary Anecdotes.
Concerning the notable controversy on the Epistles ol
Phalaris wc shall have more to say hereafter. See Bent-
lev, Dn. ; Boyle, Charles, Earl of OnnERY, Ac.
Alsop, Benj. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1675-90.
Alsop, Geo. The Character of the Province of Mary-
land. Lon., 16l'>6. A rare work. Serms., Ac, 1669-70.
Alsop, John, 1776-1841. brother of Richard Alsop,
and a poet of some taste. See specimens in Everest's Poets
of Connecticut.
Alsop, N. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1682-90.
Alsop, Richard, 1701-1815, a native of Middleton,
Connecticut, was a poet of some note. He was the prin-
cipal of the " Hartford wits," including Theodore Dwight,
Hopkins, Trumbull, Ac, who wrote the satire entitled The
Echo, pub. in a vol. in 1807. He translated several pieces
from the French and Italian, and wrote a Monody on the
Death of Washington, which was received with great
favour, and w<as published at Hartford, Conn,, in 1800,
See Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. ; also Everest's Poets of
Connecticut. Edited Captivity and Adventures of J. R.
Jewett among the .Savages of Nootka Sound, 1815.
Alsop, Vincent, d. 1703, an English Nonconformist
minister, pnb. some Theolog. Works, Lon., 1679-98, the
princip.al of which was a witty reply to Sherlock, entitled
Anti Sozzo, a Vindication of some Great Truths apposed
by W. Sherlock, Ac, 1675.
" Sherlock's Discourse concerning the knowledge of .Tesus Christ,
tending to Socinian views, and m.arking the low divinity of the
times, produced two valuable replies — the one above by .\lsop. and
the other by Edward Polhill, both in 1675. South also published
animadversions." — BrcKERSTETn.
"He had a flowing fancy, and his wit was excellent."
" A second Alsop for polemic skill.'" — DusTON.
Alston, Chas., 1682-1760, an eminent botanist and
rihysician, " is to be looked ujion as one of the founders
of'the celebrity of the Edinburgh School of Medicine,
acting in concert with Monro, Rutherford, Sinclair, and
Plummer." He wrote a number of works on Medicine
and Botany, pub. Edin. 1740-54. Dr. John Hope gives
him a character worthy of the imitation of every physician
and instructor of the young.
" As a man, he was candid, upright, and sincere: learned in bis
profession, .and humane; as a professor, communicative, and know-
ing no greater pleasure than to form the minds of Ills pupils in
such a manner as to render them able in their profession, and
useful members of society."
ALS
AME
Alston, J. W, Treatise on Painting, Lon., 1804.
Altham, Arthur, or perhaps Michael. Vindication
of the Ch. of EnglaDd, against the Ch. of Rome, Ac,
1680; and other controversial works.
Althan, Roger, D.D. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1712-32.
Alton. vSermon on Mark iv. 9, Lon., 1767.
Alton, John D', Dermid, Ac, a Poem, Lon., 1815.
Aluredis, Alredis. See Alfred of Beverly.
Alves, Robt., d. 1794, a Scottish Poet and miscella-
neous writer. His principal work is the Sketches of the
History of Literature, &c., Edin,, 1794.
Alvcy, Thos. A Medical Work, Lon., 1680.
Alynton, Robt. Libellus Sophistjirum, Lon., per W.
de Worde, 1525, 4to.
Dibdin notices five editions of this work ; three by W.
de Worde, and two by Pynson, — Ti/p. Antiquities.
Amand, Geo, St. A work upon Parliament,Lon.l725.
Ambler, Chas. Reports of Chancery Cases, Ac.,
Lon., 1790.
" This vol. consists of cases in Lord Hardwioke's time, with a
f.'w later determiriatious in the Court of Chancery, and fills up
the time between Lord Ilardwickeand Lord Thurlow.'*— Lowndes.
Ambrose, Isaac, d. 1664. In 1641 ho joined the
Presbyterians, having been one of the King's preachers.
He pub. a number of practical religious works, Lon., 1649-
62. He has many devout and admirable thoughts j bor-
rows from Bishop Hall.
" The Miniistrnticm and Communion with Angels is a devotional
and edifvinj^ worit, but sometimes faiu-ifuL" — BiCKEKSTETn.
Looking unto Jesus, 1658.
"■ Very experimental and piacticaL and deserving; a devout pe-
rusal."
Ambross, Miss, Life of Miss Catlcy, Ac, Lon., 1790.
Amerie, Robt. Chester's Triumph in Honour of
her Priuce, as it was performed upon St. George's Day,
1610, in the foresaid citie, Lon., 1610, 4to. Sold in Dent's
sale for £7.10. Rhodes, £8.12.
Ames. The Double Descent, a Poem, Lon., 1692.
Ames, Edwd., Bp. of Cork and Ross. Pub. sermons
on 2 Sam. xv. 11, and on Heb. xii. 14, Lon., 1682.
Ames, Fisher, 1758-1808, born in Dedham, Massa-
chusetts, was a leading statesman during the administra-
tion of General Washington. Rev. Dr. Kirkland published
some of his essays, speeches, Ac. in 1809. He was elected
President of Harvard College in 1804. but his ill health
obliged him to decline the post. His speech in relation to
the British Treaty, delivered in 1796, has been much com-
mended. He drew his eloquence from the best source.
"I will hazard the assertion," he remarks,
'*That no man (.'Vit did or ei'er will become truly eloquent, with-
out being a constant reiider of the Bible, and an admirer of the
purity and sublimity of its language."
The Works of Fisher Ames; with a Selection from his
Speeches and Correspondence, edited by his Son, Seth
Ames, 2 vols. Svo. with portrait, 1854.
*• We congratulate the public on possessing the works of one of so
elevated a irenius and so pure a fame, in a form which must satisfy
the most fastidious tast^." — CnjHstian Examiner.
" These volumes, as was the man. are an honour to our country ;
and they will be extensively read by old men and young men.
especially those in political life and of the legal profession. The
numerous letters in the first volimae are rich in inforniation relat-
ing to the origin and early history of our government." — I^ortun^s
G'Jzefie.
"It is a very .substantial addition to the political literature of
the country." — W. C. Bry.ant.
Ames, Joseph, 1689-1759, an ironmonger in London,
gained deserved celebrity and commendation by his excel-
lent Typographical Antiquities ; being an Historical Ac-
count of Printing in England, with some Memoirs of
our ancient Printers, and a Register of the Books printed
by them from the year 1471 to 1600; with an Appendix
concerning Printing in Scotland and Ireland, to the same
time, Lon., 1749. The Rev. Mr. Lewis, who had been
collecting materials for a History of Printing in England,
urged Mr. Ames to undertake the task. The latter was
unwilling to accede to this proposition, doubting his com-
petency, and being aware that Mr. Palmer was occupied
with the same design. Mr. Palmer's work, The General
History of Printing, Ac, appeared in 1732, and so much
disappointed the expectations of those conversant with the
subject, that Mr. Ames determined to take the matter in
hand. It should be stated that Mr. Palmer did not live to
complete his book. The portion relating to the English
printers was written by Ge<jrge Psalmauaazar of' Formosa"
celebrity : the Scotch and Irish jirinters were not noticed
at all. Mr. Ames had most valuable aid in his undertak-
ing. The good rector of Margate, who had originally
urged him to the task, laid his "auld warld" collections at
his feet The enthusiastic John Anstis, Garter King-at-
arms, that '* boast of heraldry," who had devoted his daya
and nights to poring over the dusty scrolls of antiquity,
*" Their ample page.
Rich with the spoils of time, did now unroll"
to the edification and vast delight of our learned man of
iron. That prince of literary baronets, Sir Hans Sloane,
permitted him to labour in his library and rest in his
garden ; where, after dining on 60,000 books and 3500
manuscripts, he could gather his dessert from luscious fruit-
trees, weighed down with their golden burden.
Lord Orford's library was at his command, and the eru-
dition of many friends, ready to supply knowledge, to cor-
rect error, and to suggest improvement. Mr. Ames him-
self had been amassing literary treasures for a quarter of
a century. We can imagine with what gratification, after
the traffic of the day, be closed his doors at twilight's firs'
haze, and left his iron for his books. Surely Dr. Johnson
was right when he said that the happiest life in the world
is that of a man of business with a taste for literature!
Always in his library, be might tire even of his books ; but
obliged to be much apart, like a true lover, he leaves them
with regret, and hastens to them with delight. In 1749
the Magnum Opus made its appearance. For the times, it
was a good book ; and its reception was truly gratifying
to the author. It told pretty much what was then known ;
but, better still, it set literary miners to work, and by their
researches much more was made known.
Ames modestly declares,
" I do also ingenuously confrss. that in attempting this History
of Printing I have undertaken a taslt uiuch too great for my abili-
ties, the extent of which I did not so wfll perceive at first. ... I
have at least cleared away the rubbish, and furnished materials
towards a more perfect structure."
Doubtless much of its merit was owing to our friendly
Garter, who tells Ames :
"Use no ceremony in commanding any thing in my power,
(1737.) . . . You may without any apology command me, for I
have thought it my duty to assist, as far as it is in my power, all
who oblige the pulilic." — Anstis.
Ames would put down his questions on a folio sheet, and
Anstis wrote out answers for him.
Mr. William Herbert, another literary man of business,
was so fm-tunate as to obtain from Sir Peter Thompson,
Ames's own copy of his work, interleaved with a great
number of his MS. additions and notes. Herbert zealously
devoted himself to preparing a new edition of the Typo-
graphical Antiquities. He published volume 1st in 1785.
volume 2d in 1786, and volume 3d and last in 1790. This
was a considerable advance upon the original work, but
much was yet required to make a complete History of
British Typography. The great objections to Herbert's
volumes are their dry technicality and catalogue stiff-
ness. His accuracy and laboriou.'^ perseverance cannot
be too much commended ; but we want more in a book than
precision and fuithfulness. We want a volume which can
be read — not merely consulted.
Now of all Englishmen who have ever lived, there never
was a man better suited to make a dry study attractive,
and a learned subject plain, than Dr. Dibdin of Roxburghe
memory. This magician could with his pen dress up a
begrimed, uncouth-looking volume in more attractive
style than could Grolier's bimier with his most cunning
tools. Ho could convert " Belindas" and " Almasas" into
Bibliomaniacs, and make a dry catalogue of old English
poetry more attractive than the last novel. It was but
necessary for him to apply the epithets "excessively rare,"
or " exceedingly curious," and the neglected Caxton in your
garret would buy you a year's clothing for your household,
and the old family Bible would defray your Christniaif
festivities. We shall have more to say of him in bis place.
Now, Dr. Dibdin, so exactly fitted to give us a well-digested,
accurately arranged, and withal readable and attractive.
History of British Typography, undertook the task. Our
zealous editor gave no less than £42 for the interleaved
Ames wo have referred to. and set manfully to work to lee
the world see what could be done in this department. In
1810 the first volume appeared, supported by a most re-
spectable subscription, headed by Geo. III., the Dukes of
York and Kent, and eighteen public libraries. The 2d
volume was published in 1812, the 3d in 1816, and the
4th in 1820.
Ames, Samuel. See Angell, Joseph K.
Ames, (Amesius,) Wm., 1576-1633, alearued Puri-
tan divine, was educated at Cambridge, under Dr. Perkins.
His strictness gave offence to some in authority at his col-
lege, and he took the post of chaplain in tl e English
church at the Hague. Afterwards he accepted the divinity
chair at Francker in Fricsland, which he filled for twelve
67
AME
AND
years. His works, principally casuistical and controver-
sial, attracted great attention. He wrote chiefly in Latin.
Explicatio Utriusque Epistohe St. Petri, Amsterd., 1625,
1635. The same in English, Lon., IGil.
"■ It is not a critical work, but it gives a very accurate analysis
of the two Epistles, and deduces doctrinal observations from theai.
The theolofrical writers of that age. and especially the Turitans.
were generally more remarkable for the accuracy of their logical
reasoning, than for their critical or philological speculations." —
Orme: Bibl. Bib.
'•The productions of Ames are not void of merit, considering
the times in which they were written." — Mosheim.
*' This work deduces doctrines and practice with much clearness.
Ames's are valuable writings, both on practical and controversial
subjects." — BiCKERSTETH.
He wrote against Dr. Burgess, Fresh Suit against Cere-
monies. &c,, Lon., 1633.
" Remote from danger, he hath spoken freely against the ceremo-
nies of the English church."
Lectiones in Omnes Psalmos Davidis, Amst., 1635 j
Lon., 1G47.
*' Many excellent thoughts in this exposition." — Bickersteth,
" Ames was a judicious and solid divine." — Ed. Leigh.
Aiuesbury, Joseph. 1. Deformities oi" the Spine
Chest, and Limbs. Luu., 1S40. 4to. 2, Fractures of the
Trunk and Extremitiei?, 2 vols. Svo.
Anihurst, Nicholas, 1706-1742. was connected with
Pulteney and Bolingbruke in the management of The
Craftsman. He was expelled for libertinism from St.
John's College, Oxf., and in revenge satirized lii.s Alma
Mater in his Oculus Britannire, Lon.. 1724; and the Terras
Filius, nr the Secret History of the Universities of Oxford;
1726. He puh. some other works.
Amner, John. Sacred Hymns, &o., Lon,, 1615.
Amuer, Richard, 1736-1S03, a dissenting minister,
remarkable as being made a literary butt by Geo. Stevens,
and as making a theological butt of himself, by his Essay
on the Prophecies of Daniel, had charge of a congregation
at Cosely, in Staffordshire. Whilst stationed at Hempstead,
Stevens wrote some immoral notes on Shakspeare, and
subscribed them with Amner's name: this was a trick ex-
actly suited to George's spirit of malignant fun. But as
Amner survived this unkind attack, in an unhapjiy mo-
ment he committed suicide by publishing some theological
crudities which have perhaps received more notice than
they deserve. T. H. Home thus belabours poor Amner:
An Essay towards the Interpretation of the Prophecies of
Daniel, &c., Lon., 1776:
" The author adopts the exploded and untenable hypothesis of
Grotius, (who has been followt-d by Le Clerc and others, > that all
the prophecies of Baniel terminated in the persecution of the Jews
by Antiochus iF-piphanes. This work (which is noticed onlv to
put the unwary reader on his guard against it) was i-eprinted in
179S, with some other tracts, tending to show that certain passages
of Scripture, which clearly announce a future resurrection, relate
to nothing more than a mere temporal deliverance. An exposure
of some of this author's erroneous notions may be seen in the
British Critic. 0. S.. vol. xiii. p. 29U-2%."
'• It is sometimes ingenious, but not successful."'-ORME : BibLBib.
Amory, Thos*, 1701-1774, an English Presbyterian
minister of Arian sentiments, pub, a number of theolog.
works, 1724-66.
" lie was much conversant with ethics, natural and experimental
philosophy, and the best ancients, especially their moral writings."
—Bioij, Brit.
Amory, Thos., 1691-1789, a humorous writer, pub-
lished several curious works, Lon., 1755-56, He seems to
have intended a portrait of himself in The Life and Opi-
nions of John Buncle, Esq., 1756-66, 2 vols.
" John Buncle is the English Rabelais. The soul of Francis Ra-
belais passed into John Amory. the author of the Life and Adven-
tures of John Buncle. Both wt-re ])hysicians, and enemies of too
much gravity. Their great busiuL'SS was to enjoy life. Rabelais
indulges his spirit of sensuality in wine, in diied neats' tongues,
in Bologna sausages, in Uotorgas. John Buncle shows the same
symptoms of inordinate satisfaction in bread and butter. While
Rabelais roared with Friar John and the monks. Johu Buncle gos-
siped with the ladies. &c. &c." — Hiulitt's Jtound Tahk., vol. i., p. 151.
Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, 1755.
" We are thankful for the opportunity we have met with of
forming an acquaintance with an author who is. at the same time,
a deep scholar and a good gentleman," — Ettrosp. Rev. vi. 100,
which see.
Amos. Panasophiae Prodromus, Lon,, 1639.
Amos, Andrew, 1. Expediency of Admitting Tes-
timony uf Parties to Suits, Lon., 8vo. 2. Gems of Latin
Poetry, with translations, 1851 and '53, Svo. 3. Lectures
on the Advantages of a Classical Education, 1846, 8vo. 4.
Trial of Earl and Countess of Somerset for Poisoning,
Svo, 5. Kuins of Time exemplified in Sir Matthew Hale's
Hist of the Pleas of the Crown, 1856, Svo. See Lon,
Athen., 14S9, May 10, 1S56. 6. In conjunction with J,
58
Ferard, Treatise on the Law of Fixtures, Lon., Svo; 2d
Amer. ed., by Wm. Hogan, N. York, 1855, Svo,
Amos, J. Letter to Ld. Mayor rel. to the Poor, Ac,
1809-13.
Amos, Wm. Agricultural Works, Lon., 1794-1810.
Amphlett, Wm., dram, antl ])uet. writer, Lon., 1796,
Amsinck, P. Tunbridge Wells, &.c., Lon., 1810.
Am» S« Pref. to a Memento Eng, Protestants, Lon.,
1681.
Amyand, C. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans.. Lon., 170S-46,
Amyot, T., 1776-1850. Speeches of W. Windham, 1S12,
Auaya, A. Essay on Spanish Literature, Lon., 1818.
A Treatise on the Living Languages, Lon,, 1818.
Anbury, Thos. Travels in America, Lon., 1789,
AnceH, S. Bluckade and Siege of Gibraltar, pub. 1784,
AiU'horuii, J. Gate of Tongues Unlocked, Lon., 1639,
Aucram, (Robt. Kerr) Earl of, a favourite of King
James I., and gentleman of the Bed-chamber to Prince
Charles, was the author of
"A short but very pretty copy of verses to Drummond of llaw-
thornde'u." — II. W^lpole.
" The beautiful and sweetly plaintive sonnet referred to by Lord
Orford, and the interesting letter which accompanied it, must be
considered as ornamental to this or to any publication." — Park'i
Waljiole's It. d. N. Authors.
Aucram, £arl of. Description of some Improvements
in the Arms and Accoutrements of Light Cavalry, Trans.
Ed. 11. Sue. X. 245., 1805,
Andersou, Adam, 1692-1765, for forty years con-
nected with the South Sea House, was author of the His-
torical and Chronological Deduction of Trade and Com-
merce. First ed. in 2 vols, fol., 1762; 2d ed. in 1764;
3d ed., 4 vols. 4toj 4th vol, by a new hand, 1787-9 j and
4 vols. 4to, 1801,
*• We congratulate the public upon the appearance of so ample
and valuable a treasure of real knowledge, collected with indefatiga-
ble industry from almost innumerable authors." — Monthly Review.
Auderson, i£neas. Narrative of British Embassy
to China (Earl Macartney's) in 1792, '93, '94, Lou., 1795,
" This narrative of Karl Macartney's Kmbassy is of little value in
comparison with that of Sir G. L. Stauuton, Bart." — Lowndes.
Andersou, Alex., a native of Aberdeen. Prof, in the
University of Paris, Supplementum Apollonii Rcdi-
vivi, Paris, 1612, 4to ; Supplcmento, Paris. 1615, 4to. Ad
Angularium Sectiouum Analyticen Theoremata, Ac.,
Paris. 1615, 4to; Viudicite Archimedis, Paris, 1616, 4to.
Exercitationum Mathematicarum, Dicas Prima, Paris,
1619, 4to. All these works are very scarce.
Andersou, Alexander, M.D., d. 1S13. Account of
a Bituminuus Lake or Plain in the Island of Trinidad ;
Phil. Trans., 1789. The State of some of the most valu-
able Plants in his Majesty's Botanic Garden in the Island
of St. Vincent: Trans, of Soc. for the Encouragement of
Arts and Manufactures, 1798, vol. svi. The bread-fruit
tree of Otahcite is described in this paper, for which he
received the silver medal. Other papers, on Cinnamon,
Clove-Plant, <tc.
Anderson, Ant. Theolog. works, Lon., 1573-81.
Anderson, C, M.D, Works on Mineralogy, Lon,,
1809-10.
Anderson, Christopher, pastor of a Baptist church
in Edinburgh from 18US imtil a few months before his
death, in 1851. 1, On the Services and Design of the Do-
mestic Constitution, 1S26; last ed„ 1847. 8vo, 2. His-
torical Sketches of the Ancient Native Irish, 1828; last
ed., 1846, fp. 8vo, 3. The Annals of the English Bible.
1S45, 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., with Historical Index, 1848, 2
vols. Svo ; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. Svo. By far the best book
on the subject. See Cotton's Editions of the Bible, «tc.,
ed. to 1852, x., xi., 1, n., 39, n., Ac. 4. Singular Hitroduc-
tion of the English Bible, 1849, Svo. See Life and Letters
of Kev. Christopher Anderson, by his Nejihew. 1854. Svo,
Auderson, D. Fergus II.. ISIO. Ace. of Canada, 1S14,
Auderson, Sir Edmund, d. 1605. was Chief Justice
of the Common Pleas in the reign of Elizabeth. Resolu-
tions and Judgments in all the Cases and Matters agitated
in all the Courts of Westminster, in the latter end of the
reign of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1653. Reports des Prineipalea
Cases, Ac, Lon., 1664.
'• He. by his indefatigable study, obtained great knowledge in the
Municipal Laws. . . . In 158(i he sate in judgment on Mary Quezon
of Scots. . . . being then a learned Man of the Law." — WtMJiCa
Athni. Oxf'Ti.
Anderson, G. M. Abbey of St. Denis, 1812,
Andersou, <»eo. Remonstrance against Lord BoUng-
broke's Philus. Religion, address, to Mallet, 1756.
Anderson, Goo. Trans, of Arenarius, Lon., 1784,
Andersou, Geo. On Grapes; Trans. Hort. Soc, 1S17.
Anderson, Henry. The Court Convert.
AND
Anderson, Henry. Poemata. Amst., 1637.
Autlersou, Heury. Scrm. on P:^. Ixxiii. 25, 16S5.
Anderson* Dr. Ileury J., Prof. Mathematics, <tc.
Culumbia Coll., N.Y., lS2J-t3. 1. Geology of Lieut
Lynch's Expedition to the Dead Sea. 2. Geological Re-
connoissance of Part of the Holy Land, IS-iS ; pub. by U.
States Government.
Anderson, J. S. 1. Addresses, Lon., 12mo. 2.
Cloud of Witnesses: Discourses on Hebrews, 2 vols. 8vo.
3. Life of Moses, 12mo. 4. History of the Church and
the Colonies, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Memoir of Mrs. Chisholm,
12mo. 6. Sermons at Linculn's Inn, Mit-haelmas. 1S5U,
Svo. 7. Sermons on Elijah and Juhn the Baptist, Svo.
8. Sermons on Various Subjects, Svo.
Anderson, J. W. The manner pointed out in which
the Common Pra\-er was read in private by the late Mr.
Garrick, 1797. The incident which gave rise to this pub-
lication is no doubt known to many of our readers. See
an excellent paper on the proper *' reading of the Common
Prayer," Spectator. No. 147. See Culb, Richard.
Anderson, Jas. Ane godly Treatis calit the first and
second Camming of Christ, with the Tone of the Winters-
nycht. 1595, Edin., be Robt. Smith. Another ed. was
printed at Edin. by Audro Hart.
Anderson, Jas. A General History of the House of
Yvery, Lon., 1742. Written principally by the first Earl
of Egmontj privately printed; edited by J. Anderson.
*• Dear and covetable is the possession of a perfect copy. . . .
It ii:is lont; been arcouiited a crack article in the most finished col-
lection. A perfect c opy runs hard upon twenty guineas."— DiBDlN.
Royal Genealogies, or the Genealog. Tables of Emperors,
Kings, and Princes, from Adam to these times, folio, Lon.,
1732.
"The most useful and valuable work of the kind, and probably
the most diflicult and laboriuus one ever uiidertakun by author or
printer." — Mimh-^s Scullish Jiihlinl/ieca Hetahlica.
Anderson, Jas-, 1662-1728, a distinguished antiqua-
ry, gained great credit by his Historical Essay showing
(hat the Crown of Scotland is Imperial and Independent,
in answer to Mr. Atwood, Edin., 1705. Atwood's book was
burnt by the common hangman, whilst Anderson, sur-
rounded by admiring high dignitaries, received the thanks
of the Parliamont of Scotland, delivered by the Lord
Chancellor. So much for being on the right side ! More-
over. Parliament encouraged the rejoicing champion of the
" Imperial Crown" to undertake the publication of a col-
lection of the Ancient Charters of Scotland, with fac-similes
of the seals of the Scottish Kings. £300, and afterwards
£1050, (the latter it is said was never paid,) were voted to
him for this purpose. This work, Selectus Diplomatum et
Numismatum Scotiae Thesaurus, &c., was not published
until 1739, eleven years after the author's death. Thomas
Carte — the laborious, faithful, ill-used Thomas Carte, whose
devotion to his historical labours put even Dr. Mangey to
the blush — writes in 1736 :
'■ They are printinR on copper-plat^^s Mr. Anderson's Collection
of the Seals of the Kinj^s of Scotland; the price is great, being six
guineas." — Xicfiols's Literary Anecdotes.
The plates were engraved by Strutt.
" It is a work of extreme rarity and great value." — Watt.
"A highly valuably and useful work. The introduction by
Kuddiman was afterwards inadequately translated, and published
with notes." — Lowndes.
Collections relating to the History of Mary, Queen of
Scotland, Edin., 1727-28, 4 vols. 4to.
" A friend of mine once boujjht a copy out nf sheets, and bound
the work in Uac!.' morocco, with Wood-coloured insides! Such was
his order to the binder; and poor George Faulkeuer was that
binder.-' — DlcDlN.
Anderson, Jas. The Constitution of Free Masons,
(tc, Lon., 1723. Discovery of their Ceremonies, Lon.,
1725.
Anderson, Jas. Sermons pub., Lon., 1714-20.
Anderson, Jas., M.D. Med. Works, Lou. and
Madras. 1788. &c.
Anderson, Jas., LL.D., 1739-1808, published
many works upon agriculture. Lon., 1771-1802. He was
a practical, as well as theoretical, farmer, having 1300
acres under cultivation in Aberdeenshire. He qualified
himself for usefulness by attending the chemical lectures
of Dr. CuUen, whose friendship was of great advantage
to him in his pursuit of general knowledge. In 1790 he
commenced the pub. of The Bee, (1790-94, 18 vols.) con-
sisting of Essays Philosophical and Miscellaneous. Dr.
A. wrote those marked Senex, Timothy Hairbrain, Aici-
biades, and many others without signatures.
'■Complete sets of this valuable periodical work, in which Dr.
Anderson received material assistance from men of taste and
learning, are of rare occurrence. It was printed on three papers,
coarse, common, and fine." — Lowndes.
AND
Selections from his Correspondence with General Wui^h-
ingtou, in which the causes of the present fcarcity are
fully investigated. Lon., 1800.
Anderson, Jas. Work on Yellow Fever, Edin., 179S,
Anderson, Jas. Con. to Ann. of Med.. 1799.
Anderson, Jas. Chain Bridge, Queensferry, 1818.
Anderson, Jas. 1. Ladies of the Covenant, Lon.,
1851, ]2mo. 2. Ladies of the Reformation, 2 vols. p. 4to,
1854-56.
Anderson, John. Theolog. Works, Glasg., 1711-14.
Anderson, John. Sound at Elsineur: the Duties. 1771.
Anderson, John, M.D.. 1726-1796, "an English
physician, was professor of Natural Philosophy at Glas-
gow for 41 years. Five editions of his Institutes of
Medicine (Glasg., 1786) were pub. during his lifetime."
— Bio(j. Univ. He also pub. Observations on Koraan An-
tiquities discovered between the Frith and Clyde, Edin.,
1800. See an amusing account in Boswell's Life of John-
son, of a tea-party at Glasgow, where Professors Reid
and Anderson, Johnson and Boswell, and the Messieurs
Foulis discussed their bohea together.
Anderson, John. Med. Works, Lon., 1787-95.
Anderson, John. Account of a Mission to the East
Coast of Sumatra in 1823, Ac, Lon., 1826.
-' It was one great object of our author's mission to create a de-
sire among the people for British and Indian manufactures; and
in this to a certain extent he seems to have succeeded. . . . Java
and Sumatra have given birth to two very excellent books, every
way worthy of them — the one on Java, by Sir Stamford Raffles;
the other on Sumatra, by Mr. Marsden," — Quarterli/ MevieJiK
Anderson, John. Chronicles of the Kirk ; or Scenes
and Stories from the History of the Church of Scotland
from the Earliest Period to the Second Reformation.
*' Its gracefulness and brevity give it much adaptation for its
purpose." — British Quarterly Eeview.
Anderson, M. Ten Discourses on Moses, Lon., 1S.S4.
Anderson, Patrick. Jesuit. Ground of the Catholic
and Roman Religion in the word of God, 1623.
Anderson, Patrick, M.D. The Colde Spring of
Kinghorne Craig, Ac, Edin., 1618. Rare, sold in the
Gordonstoun sale for £1 lis. 6d. Grana Angelica, Ac,
Edin. ,1635. Also rare.
Anderson, R. Rud. of Tamul Grammar, Lon., 1821.
Anderson, Ralph, Polit. and poet, writer, 1797-1808.
Anderson, Robt. Treatises on Gauging and Gun-
nery. L(m. 1660-96.
Anderson, Robt. Theolog. works, Lon., 1834—46.
Anderson, Robt., M.D., 1751-1830, best known as
the editor and biographer of the British poets, was edu-
cated at the University of Edinburgh, in which city he
resided for the last forty years, devoted to literary pur-
suits. Life of Samuel Johnson, with Critical Observations
on his Works. Lon.. 1795. Life of Dr. Smollett, Edin.,
1803. The Works of the British Poets j with Prefaces,
Biographical and Critical, 1799, 13 vols. He edited tho
works of Dr. Moore.
" He also made numerous contributions to various publications,
but more through his fondness of literature than any love of
money. His correspondence with literary men was extensive, by
whom he was held in the greatest esteem, not more for his talents
than the frankness of his temper, and the warmth of his heart."
See Nichols's Illustrations of Literary History, vol. vii.,
for a number of interesting letters between Bishop Percy
and Dr. Anderson. The correspondence was commenced
by the Bishop as follows:
"Your edition of the Poets of Great Britain does so much
honour to their biographer and critic, that every friend to litera-
ture should assist his candid and inirenious labours: this, T hnpp,
will serve as my apology for addressing a letter to you, without a
more regular introduction."
"To pood old Anderson, the poets and literature of the country
are deeply beholden." — Quartrrly Hevieio.
The following notice of some of Walter Scott's early
essays in literature will interest our readers :
" An inj^enious friend here wished to avail himself of the oppor*
tunity to submit to your lordship's inspection one or two of his
compositions in the style of the ancient Scottish ballad, in testi-
mony for his hij^h respect for your character, and of bis gratitude
to tlie f ditor of ' The Keliques.' upon which he formed his tiist* for
ballad-lhinkinii; and expression. . . The name of my friend is
Walter 8cott, Esq." — Anderson tn Percy.
Anderson, Riifus, minister of Wenham, Mass. 2
Serm. on the Fiisf, 1802. Letters on Baptists, 1805.
Anderson, Thos. Con. to Medical Com., 1774, Ac.
Anderson, W. Mercantile Correspond., 12mo, N. Y.
Anderson, Walter, D.D., d. ISOO, for fifty years
minister of Chirnside, in Scotland. The History of
Franco, 1769-75-83, Lon., 5 vols. 4to.
•• In that ^'enius. that natural discernment, that knowledfje of
the wnrld, which are so absolutely necessary to the historian, he Is
surprisingly defective." — Neio Oat. nf L. Evglisli Authfnt.
'' A heavy compilation of very little value." — Ease's Bi'^g. J>ict.
5»
AND
The Philosophy of Anc. Greece investigated, Eilin., 1791.
" This work is more respectable in point of matter. It is fuller
than the work of Stanley on the same subjeot, and less extensive
ind prolix thiin that of Brueker."— 0>nt. il.ig.
Anderson, Wm., Chap. E. India Co. 4 Serms., ITOS.
Anderson, Wm. Uaaiilton and Douglas Case, ed.li OS.
Anderson, Wm. Stackinf; Corn, 1816.
Anderson, Wm. See Med. Com. and Phil. Traus.,
17f6-"S. . ., ,„.r
Anderson, Wm. The Eusuian tmpire, Lon., Iblo.
Anderson, Wm. See Trans. Hort. goc., 1817.
Anderson, Wm. Lon. Commertial Diet., Lon., 18ib.
Anderson, William, LL.Il.. h. 1800, at Kilsyth,
Scotland, a popular preacher of Glasgow. Discourse on
Regeneration, 12mo. Discourses on Various Suhjects,
12mo. Lectures on the Mass, Popery, Ac.
Anderson, William. Landscape Lyrics, Lon., 18u9,
12mo. Gilt for all Seasons, lS4:i, 12mo. Author ol His-
torical Memoirs of British newspapers in Fraser's Mag.,
1838-39. , „ , r AT
Anderson, W. J. 1. Causes and Treatment of Ner-
vous Aflections, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Treatment of Diseases
of Pregnancy, p. 8vo. , ,. . j j
Anderton, or Anderson, Jas., puhlished, under
the name of John Brerely, in 1604, The Apology of Pro-
testants for the Roman Religion. This was answered by
Morton's Appeal, 1606. Anderton's 2d ed. and rejoinder
appeared in 1608. Translated into Latin hy Reynos in
]61.'i. A Treatise on the Mass. Religion of St. Augustine,
Latin, Cologne, 1620.
Anderton, l^awrence, also a Lancashire man, a
Jesuit Treati.se on the Origin of Catholics and Protest-
ants, Rouen, 1632. The Triple Cord, St, Omer, 1634.
Andever, Lord. Two Speeches, 1641.
Andre, J. W. Brit, Eclogue for 1805 ; a Poem, 1805.
Andre, Major John, a talented and amiable young
British officer, well known for his unfortunate end, having
been e.xecuted as a spy, Oct. 2, 1780, during the Revolu-
tionary war of the U. States of N. America. He was the
autlior of the Cow Chase, an heroic poem in three cantos,
pub. in Lon. in 1781.
"It wa,s ori'iuallv pub. in Rivinstoa's Eoyal Gazette. N. Tork,
in the mornins of'the dav on which Andre was taken prisoner.
The last stanza, intended to ridicule Gen. Wayne for his &Uure in
an attempt to collect cattle for the army, is this:
» And now I've closed my epic strain;
I tremble as I show it.
Lest this same warriorKlrover Wayne
Should ever ailch the Poet !' "—Allfn's Biog. Diet.
Andre, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782-84.
Andreas, B. Serm. on 6th Chapiter Song Sol., Lon.,
158li.
Andree, John, Surgeon and Teacher of Anatomy,
London, pub. many profess, treatises, Lon., 1737-78. ^
Andree, R. J. Vocabulary in 6 Languages, Lon., 1^25.
Andrescoe. Sermons, 1581.
Andrew, Dr. Theolog. Treatise, Lon., 1735.
Andrew, Jas. Astronomical Tables, Lon., 1810.
Andrew, Jas., 1773-1833. Insti. of Grammar, 1817.
Andrcwe, Thos. The Unmasking of a Feminine
Machiavcll. Esc nobis valuisse satis, Lon., 1604.
" A poetical tract of little value, containing a description of the
battle at Newport."— Lowndes.
Andrewes, B. See Andreas, B.
Andrewes, Gerard, 1750-1825, Dean of Canterbury,
refused the Bishopric of Chester— a clergyman of exem-
plary piety. A Serm. pub. 1798. Do. pub. 1803;^ and
Borne Lectures in the publication called "Onesimus."
Andrewes, Geo. Dictionary of the Slang and Cant
Languages, Lon.
Andrewes, Thos. Serm. 1 Pet. ii. li ; Rom. xiv.
Andrewes, Thos. Rates and Tables, Bristol, 1787.
Andrews, D. Letter to Dr. Wakefield, Lon., 1794.
Andrews, Eliza. The MSS. of Virtudo, 1801. The
Beauties of Sturm's Reflections. ,_„»,„,„ v .
Andrews, Ethan Allen, LL.D., 1787-1858, b. at
New Britain, C<inn., graduated .at Yale Coll., 1810, Prof.
of Ancient Languages Univ. N. Carolina, 1822-28.^ Ho
succeeded Mr. Jacob Abbott as Principal of the Young
Ladies' School of Boston, and was Senior Editor of the
Religious Mag. in connexion with Jacob and John S. C.
Abbott, The Latin works of Dr. Andrews are : First
Latin Book ; Latin Reader; ViriRomie; Latin Lessons ;
Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar; Synopsis of
Latin Grammar; Questions on the Latin Grammar; Latin
Exercises; Key to Latin Exercises; Exercises in Latin
Etymology; Ca;sar's Commentaries; Sallust; Ovid; Latin
60
AND
Dictionary. His most elaborate work is his Latin-English
Lexicon ; a condensed trans., with alteratioiis, of the Wor-
terbuch der Lateinischen Sprache of Dr. -Wilhelm Ireund.
At the time of his death he was engaged in revising a new
ed. of the above work, which will be completed by his
family. See Ainswobth, Robert. ^ . . „,
Andrews, G. H. Agricultural Engineering. The
Practical Farmer ; Modern Husbandry, Lon., 1854, 8vo.
Andrews, Geo. Reports of Cases Court K. Bench
in the 11 .and 12 years of Geo. IL, 2d ed., with notes, and
an appen. cent, additional cases, by G. W. Vernon, Dub.,
1791. , , . .
" Many of the cases contained in these Report.s are also reported
by Strau-e. and in cases tempore Lord Ilardwicke. Andrews,
however, has usually given a fuller and more satistjwtory repori
of these cases than is found in reports. .f tlie .samepeTiod Ili.i
reports are ' accurate, judicious, and salisCictr.ry.' The 1st ed was
in fob. 1754. See Wallace's Reporters, til, 2d ed."— itfcirmn s Legal
Biiliffiraphy. _ i-n.. loio
Andrews, H. C. Botanical works, Lon., 179b-181A
Andrews, G. P. Tables of Rates and Taxes, 1815.
Andrews, J. Love and Chastity. A Poet. Ess., 1760.
Andrews, J. Petit, 1737-1797, a London magis-
trate, and miscellaneous writer. His principal works were,
1. Anecdotes, .\ncient and Modern, Lon., 1789.
" An amusing and humorous colleciion." — Low.\des.
" A person of extensive rcadiuK, who, with judicious selection,
and good taste, keeps a common-place book, and afterwards com-
municates the contents to the public, certainly merits the grateful
acknowledgments of those who, at so cheap a rate, and in so easy
a manner, are furnished with rational entertainment; the fruit ot
many years' attention, and much labour, on the part of the com-
piler Mr. Andrews seems in his preface to be apprehensive
that his compilement mi.;ht meet with an ungracious reception
from the reviewers. Surely his fears were groundless! Ihose
critics, we conceive, must be very ill-natured who could snarl at
the well-intended offer of a book, by no means iU-calculated for
their entertainment."— ion. Mmthly Revievi.
We might say much in praise of good compilations of
anecdotes and anu, but wo shall prefer to quote a higher
authority than our own :
'■ I love anecdotes. I fancy mankind may come, in time, to
write all aphoristicallv, exce|it a narrative; grow weary of prepa-
ration, and connection, and illu.stration, and all those arts by
which a big hook is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves
anecdotes into a system, we may be long in getting them, and got
but few, in comparison of what we mijht get."— DR. JoUNSON.
2. The History of Great Britain connected with the
Chronology of Europe, with Notes, Ac, containing anec-
dotes of the times, lives, &c. of the learned, and speci-
mens of their works, Lon., 1794-95.
" In the work before us we have the history of all authors most
interesting to a Briton,— that of his own country, treated on a
new, and, we think, an excellent plan. . . Mr, Andrews s style is,
in general, well adapted to his subject; perspicuous, though con-
cise, and at once elegant and nervous. . . W hen his plan is com-
pleted, he will have"supplied a desideratum in English literature,
bv givio" witliin a reasonable compass, and connected with tlie
events of neighbouring states, the history of Great llritain. si-
lected with jud'ment.abrid-'ed witli accur.acy, enriched with erudi-
tion, and occasionallv eiiil.ellisli.d with wit."— Lon, Mmthly Eniew.
" The Notes to this \aluaMe hist..rical work contain a great va-
riety of curious and amusing particulars." — Lowndes.
3. A Continuation of Henry's History of Great Britain,
Lon., 1796. , . ,,
The plan of Dr. Henry's History was most admirable,
and we are not surprised that Mr. Andrews should have
followed so good a model. We shall dwell more at large
upon the advantages of this arrangement in the proper
place. {See Henrv, RoBT.) Dr. Henry's work concluded
with the .accession of Henry VIII. Mr. Andrews continued
the history to the accession of James I. The hope ex-
pressed, by a reviewer of the work, " that the author's
health and spirits would enable him to complete the un-
dertJiking, and to bring it down to the present time," (1797,)
was disappoiuted. The author " rested from his many
useful labours" within six months from the date of tho
expression of this hope. See Obituary. Gent. Mag., Sept.,
1797. Having long ardently desired the appearance of a
complete History of England, <iml the Eiiijl!i>h—ot tho
people as well as their kings — of tho customs of the fire-
side, as well as the intrigues of the court — we acknowledge
with gratitude the accomplishment of our wish in the
Pictfirial History of England pub. by Charles Knight, one
of the first literary hcnelactors of the age. This excellent
work is arranged upon Henry's plan, with advantages
which neither Henry nor any one man could have secured.
We entirely concur with tlie intelligent eulogium of the
Edinburgh Review, that it is tho
" Very thing required by Ihe popular ta.ste of the present day,
[by the"erudite judgment as well, we should have added:] adding
to'the advantage of a clear historical narrative, all the varied illu*
trations of which the subject is capable."
AND
ANG
Andrews, John, called by Wood "A painful Preacher
of Crod's Word," pub. a number of religions worlis, (Ana-
tomies of Basenesse, &c.,) Lon., 1615-45.
Andrews, John. Serm. on Peter iv. 11, 1744.
Andrews, John, hydrographer, pub. an Atlas Sur-
vey, Ac., 1797-lSOS.
Andrews, John. Scripture Doctrine of Grace, in
answer to Bishop Warburton, 1763. For some curious
letters between Warburton and Andrews, see Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 620. Sermons on the most
important subjects, 1814.
" Being a strict and serious man, and carrying his notions of
grace pretty high in the above-noticed publication, he was called
a Methfdixt. Archlip. Heclter had ever a good opinion of him, and
afterwards preferred him in Kent. Though Bp. Warburton did
not give him the living in Gloucestershire, yet he calls himself
his patron." — Dr. LorCs MS.
Andrews, John, LL.D., 1736-1809, a voluminous
historical, political, and miscellaneous writer, pub. in Lon.,
1773-1807. His History of the War with America, France,
Spain, and Holland, 1755-1783, was chiefly compiled from
the public prints, and the proceedings of the House of
Commons.
"In some circumstances we think the author has not been fully
informed, but these are few. InipartiaUty seems to have been
much attended to." — Lon. Monthlif Eei'kw.
Andrews, John, D.D., 1746-181.3, Provost of thi
Univer. of Pennsylvania, was an Episcopal clergyman,
and a scholar of considerable attainments. He pub. Ele-
ments of Logic, and a sermon.
Andrews, Capt. Jos. Journey from B. Avrcs, Ac,
Lon., 1827, 2 vols.
" A clear and sensible work, containing much valuable informa-
tion."— Lowndes.
Andrews, Lancelot, 1555-1626, successively Bishop
of Chichester, Ely, and Winchester, was a native of Lon-
don. He was educated at IVIerchant-Tailor's School and
Pembroke Hall, Camljridge. The Church of England con-
tains no name more truly venerable than that of this good
prelate. For polish and suavity of manners he was excelled
by no gentleman of the court; in piety, by no anchorite
of better times and purer days. In the discharge of all
the duties of religion, he so walked as to be an illustrious
exemplar to his flock and to the church of God. James I.
had so high an opinion of his abilities, that he employed
him to answer Bellarmine's Treatise against his own De-
fence of the Right of Kings. He was also a favourite
with Charles I. Casaubon, Cluverius, Vossius, Grotius,
Peter du Moulin, Barclay, and Erpenius were among his
correspondents. Lord Clarendon regrets that ho was not
raised to the primacy on the death of Archbishop Bancroft.
Thus respected in life, he was not less honoured at his
death, by a Latin elegy from the author of Paradise Lost.
He wrote a number of works, pub. 1589-1610, and some
others were made public after his decease. His Manual
of Devotion in Greek and Latin, was translated by Dean
Stanhope, and has been frequently reprinted. He was one
of the translators of the authorized version of the Holy
Scriptures, for which duty ho was well qualified : "a scholar,
and a ripe and good one," he had the credit of understand-
ing fifteen languages. We are less surprised at the holy
character of this good man, when we are informed that
ho devoted several hours each day to private prayer. Thus
he drew his strength from an unfailing fountain, and his
wisdom from the " Father of Lights."
" This is that Andrews, the ointment of whose name is sweeter
than spices! This is that celebrated Bishop of Winton, whose
learning King James admired .above all his chaplains 1"—Hacket.
Fuller calls him a "peerless prelate," and tells us in his
own style of quiet humour:
" Ife was an inimitable preacher in his way : and such pla"-iaries
who have stolen his sermons could never ste.al bis preaching, and
could make nothing of that whereof he made all things as he de-
sired. Pious and pleasant Bishop Felton (his contemporary and
colleague) endeavoured in vain, in his sermons, to assimilate bis
stylo ; and therefore said merrily of hunself, ' I had almost marred
my own natural trot, by endeavouring to hnitate his artificial
amble. "
" His life was a life of prayer : a great part of five hours evcrv
day did he spend in prayer and devotion to God."— Bisuop Bccke-
KiDOE : Funeral Sermtm on Bp. Andreii's.
■■ He was so .skilled in all, that the world wanted learning to
know how learned he was." — Fuller.
" Indeed, he was the most apostoliial and primitive-like divine,
in my opinion, that ever wore a rochet, in his age; of a most vene-
rable gravity, and yet most sweet in all commerce; the most dfr
vout that eier I saw when be appeared before God; of such a
Krowth in all kinds of learning, that very able clerks were of low
stature to him. ... In the pulpit, a Ilomer among preachers"
—Be. IIacket: i./e of Williams.
Bp. Andrews has the credit, or discredit, as tastes vary,
&f being the father of the qiiainl school of composition, of
which Donne is one of the most prominent specimens.
His Posthumous and Orphan Lectures have been greatly
admired.
" A theological student will do well to make himself acquainted
with his writings. There is frequently a force and vividness in
his language, a picturesqueness in his way of exhibiting the subject,
a point in his expressions, and a harmony in his periods, that we
shall vainly seek in the more sober and popular divines of thn
succeeding schools. His sermons contain a rich mine of wisdom
and erudition."
This M.anual is composed of sentences from the Sacred
Scriptures, and extracts from the fathers. It was com-
piled for his own use, (prseces privata:,) and was found
after his death *' worn in pieces by his fingers, and wet
with his tears."
" When thou hast bought the book, enter into thy closet and
shut the door, pray with Bishop Andrewes for one week, and he
will be thy companion for the residue of thy years; he will be
pleasant in thy life, and in thy death he will not forsake thee." —
Stanhope.
" It is a compact and ably-executed -selection; without the con-
straint of a precise form, it presents a rich collection of materials
for prayer; and whether as an enchiridvm of devotional aspira-
tions, a guide to self-examination, or an aid to pious reflection, it
will be found of great utility."
The good bishop's motto was —
" And who is sufficient for these things?"
Andrews, Loring, d. 1805, was editor successively
of The Herald of Freedom, Boston ; The Western Star,
Stockbridge ; and in 1803 he established The Charleston
Courier, a paper of considerable reputation, — Allen's
Bior/. Diet.
Andrews, M. VV. On Lunar Caustic, Lon. 1807.
Andrews, Peter Miles, d. 1814, son of a London
merchant, wrote a number of dramatic pieces. Perhaps
the title of one will satisfy our readers, and cause them to
excuse the rest of the catalogue : The Ilarou Kinkver-
VANKOTSDORSPRAKENGOTCHDERN, 1781. After the perform-
ance of the Baron, an extensive maxillary dislocation of
the members of the dramatic corps need not excite sur-
prise. The Biographia Dramatica gives Mr. Miles this
cruel blow —
"This gentleman is ... a dealer in gunpowder ; but his works,
in their effect, by no means resemble so active a composition, be-
ing utterly deficient in poiut of force and splendour."
Andrews, R. Work against Transubstantiation, 1755.
Andrews, or Androse, R. Trans, from Italian of
last book of Alexis' Secret, Lon., 1578.
Andrews, R. G.aol of Newgate Unmasked, Lon., 1809.
Andrews, R. Virgil Englished, 1766, etc.
Andrews, .S. Obedience to Divine Kule, 1786.
Andrews, Stephen Pearl, b. 1812, in Mass. Com-
parison of the Common Law with the Roman, French, or
Spanish Civil Law on Entails and other limited property in
Real Estate. Phonographic Class Books. Phonographic
Reader. Phonographic Reporter, &c., pub. J. F. Trow.N. Y.
Science of Society, N. Y., 12mo. Love, Marriage, and Di-
vorce, N. Y'., 12mo. French, with or without a Master, N. Y.,
12mo. Contributor to the London Times and other journals.
Andrews, T. Vindication of Ch. of England, 1799.
Andrews, Thos. Sermon on Matt. v. 20, 1717.
Andrews, Thos. Inquiry reh to T. Eccleston's Re-
ply, Lon., 1709. Serm. on Prov. iv. 10-14, 1712. On
John i. 14, 1731.
Andrews, W. E. Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs.
Andrews, Wm. Serm. on John i. 46, 47, Lon., 1638.
Andrews, Wm. Year Books, Ac. Lon., 1656-83.
Andrews, Wm. .Iddre^s to the Public, 1774.
Andros, JSdmund, d. 1714, Governor of New Eng-
land and other States of America. A Narrative of his
Proceedings in New England, in 1G91 ; republished 1773.
Androse, R. See A.ndrews.
Aneley, Samuel. See Annesley.
Angas, (i. F. 1. Illustrations of New Zealand, 1847,
fol. 2. Illustrations of South Australia, 1847, fol. 3. Il-
lustrations of the KaflSrs; or. Port Natal, 1849, fol. 4.
Rambles in Malta and Sicily, 1842, r. 8vo. 6. Savage Life
ami Scenes in Australia; 2 vols., 2d ed., 1847, p. 8vo. 6.
Views of the Australian Gold-Fields, 1852. r. 4to.
Angel, or Angell, John, d. 1655, of Magdalen Hall,
Oxf., after " taking the degrees in Arts and Holy Orders,
became a frequent and painful preacher." — Wood's Athen.
Oxon. He was a Nonconformist. The Right Government
of the Thoughts, Lon., 1659. Four Sermons, 1659.
" He shone as a burning light, until God translated him to shine
above as a Star forever." — T. B.
" As his name was Angell, so he was a man indeed of Angelical
understanding and Holiness, a burning and shining Light."— Thos.
Case.
Angel, John. History of Ireland, Dub., 1781.
Angell, John. An Essay on Prayer, Lon., 1761.
61
ANG
ANN
Stenography, or Short-Hand Improved. Lon., 1759. His
system is described as '* complex and difficult." I>r. John-
son wrote the preface to the work.
Augell, Joseph K., 1794-1857, b. Providence, R. I.,
graduated at Brown Univ., 1813. Treatise on the Com-
mon Law in Relation to Water-Courses, with an Appendix
containing the principal adjudged cases and forms of de-
claration ; 3d ed., Boston, 1840 ; 4th ed.. 1850 ; 5th cd., Svo.
" The law in relation to water-courses is becoming daily of in-
creasinf? importance, and Mr. Anpell. in his work, has commend-
ably discussed the subject. Local le;xislation has altered, in many
of the States, the common law ^el.^tive to water-courses, but this
dnes not preclude the necessity in many cases of resorting to well-
settled principles, in order to expound these legislative acts. \o
intelli^c-ut lawyer can well practise without Mr. Angell's treatise
on water-courses." — 3 A>«('s Oxm. 4o3.
United States Law Intelligencer and Review, Providence,
182S-31, 3 vols. Treatise on the Rightof Property in Tide
Waters, Boston, 1826; 2d ed., 1847.
"The only regular treatise upon this branch of the law. besides
the one under consideration, is Lord Hale's De jure Maris et Bra-
chiorum ejusdem. Mr. Angell has furnished the profession, in the
present publication, with a work that was much needed. He has
collected the materials for his book with great industry, from a var
riety of sources that are not generally accessible, and his work is
a valualib- contribution to our jurisprudence." — Marviii's Legal
Bibliography.
Inquiry. &c., relative to an Incorporeal Hereditament,
Boston, 1827. A Treatise on the Limitation of Actions at
Law and Suits in Equity and Admiralty, Boston; 2d ed.,
1846; 4th ed.,8vo, revised and enlarged by J. Wilder May.
'■ It is now more full and complete than any other treatise upon
this subject extant." — Marviifs Legal liihl.
" Lord Brougham begs Mr. A. would kindly communicate to Mr.
Antrell his very grateful sense of the favour done him by the valu-
able present of Mr. A."s work. Lord B. has already consulted it,
and found it to be by much the best treatise on this very important
subject." — Lord Broug/iam^s yotc to Mr. Arnold.
A Practical Summary of the Law of Assignments, Bos-
ton, 1835.
" It is a neat and valuable little manual of the law of voluntary
assignments by insolvent debtors." — 2 Kent's Co;rt.,536 n; 13 Am.
Jur. 234.
Mr. Angell, in conjunction with Samuel Ames, has pub-
lished a Treatise on the Law of Private Corporations Ag-
gregate; 2d ed., Boston, 1843 ; 4th ed., 1858; 6th ed., Svo,
" To these authors belongs the honour of first producing an Ame-
rican treatise upon corporations, and whatever its defects may be in
style, arrangement, or in profusion of citations from English or
American reports, it is undoubtedly the best work upon corpora-
tions that an American lawyer can possess. . . . Chancellor Kent
highly commends the work." — Marvin's Legal Bihl.
" It is a very learned, full, and finished treatise, and cannot be
too highly praised." — Chancellor Kent.
Treatise on the Law concerning the Liabilities and Rights
of Common Carriers; 2d ed., Boston, 1845, Svo; pub. in
Lon. in 1849, royal Svo.
" It displays thorough research and learning, and cannot fail to
he welcomed as a valuable accession to the legal literature of the
age."
A Treatise on the Law of Fire and Life Insurance; with
an Appendix, containing Forms, Tables, &c., Svo. A Treat,
on the Law of Highways, by Joseph K. Augell and Thomas
Durfce, Esqrs., Svo.
" We have here the last of Mr. Angell's useful labours for the
profession of which he was a distinguished ornament. Being left
incomplete, it was finished in a very satisfactory manner by Mr.
Durfee.
''The work contains a thorough and accurate analysis of all the
cases, English and American, upon the important subject on which
it treats, and, in addition, a chapter upon canals, railways, ferries,
and navigable rivers, which gives much valuable matter m a con-
densed and perspicuous style. It presents, as is usual in all Mr.
Angell's treatises, the very point decided iu each case."
Augelo, Henry. 1. Reminiscences, Lon., 2 vols.
Svo. 2. Instructions for Cavalry Sword-Exercises, 12mo.
Angier, Lord. State of II. M. Revenue in Ireland,
1673.
Angier, John. An Help to Better Hearts for Better
Times, iu several Sermons, Lon., 1647.
Angier, Saml. Polite Modern Divine. Lon., 1756, etc.
Anglesey. The Case of Ann, Countess of Anglesey,
lately deceased, lawful wife of Richard Anglesey, late
Earl Anglesey, and of her three surviving daughters by the
said Eai-1, Lon., 1766. Written by one of the daughters.
*• This state of a very hard case indeed is drawn up by one
of tlic three distressed daughters of a most unnatural father,
and will not, we are persuaded, fail (if increasing (if it is pos-
sible ti» increase) the public detestation of a character too well
known to require our animadversion on it." — Lo7id(m Alanthly
Review, 1766.
For an Epitome of this curious pamithlet. see Gentle-
man'.^ Magazine fur November. UfW'i, p. .oH". This Richard,
Earl Anglesey, is the same nobleman who was defendant
62
in the celebrated suit brought by James Anncsley in 1744,
to recover the Anncsley title and estate.
Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of. See Annesley.
Anglicns, tililbertus. See Gilbertus.
Anglicus, Richard. See Richard.
Anguish, Thos. Serms. puli. 1732-45-56.
Angus, Joseph, D.B. 1. Bible Hand-Book, Lon.,
1S54, 22mo. 2. Christ our Life. p. Svo. 3. Prize Essay on
the Voluntary System, 1S39, p. Svo. 4. Bishop Butler's Ana-
logy, &c., also Fifteen Sermons ; with a Life of the Author,
a Copious Analysis, Notes, and Indexes, 1855, 12mo, pp.
651. In a letter to the author of this Dictionary, written
just after the publication of this volume, Dr. T. Hartwell
Home styles it the best edition of the Analogy which has
appeared.
Angus, W. Seats of the Nobility, Lon., 1787-1810.
Angus, \Vm, Educational Works, Glasg., 1808-15.
Aniey, Miss* 1. Earlswood. Lon., 1852, 12mo. 2
Influence , 4th ed., 1845, 12mo. 3. Miriam; 10th ed., 1845
12m(). 4. Prisoners of Australia, 1841, 12mo.
Annand, Alex. Legal Government of India, Lon., 4to.
Annand, Wm., 1G33-1689, educated at Univer. Coll.,
Oxf., was made Dean of Edinburgh, 1676. He was of
"good repute for his ready and edifying way of preaching."
He was the author of Fides Catholica, Lon., 1661-62.
Panem Quotidianum ; in defence of set form, and of the
Book of Common Prayer, 1661. Pater Noster, 1670. Mys-
terium Pietatis, 1672. Dualitas, Edin., 1674, etc.
" As his life was pious and devout, so was his sickness and death,
to the great comfort of those then present with him." — Wood's
Athen. Ox<m.
Annerson, or Anneson, James. See Maxwell,
Jamks.
Annesley, Alexander, author of several treatises
on Political Economy, and of the Comjiendium of the Law
of Marine. Life, and Fire Insurance; pub. Lon., 1800-8.
Annesley, Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, 1614-1686,
was Lord Privy-Seal under Charles II. He became a
Fellow-Commoner of Magd. Coll., Oxf., about 1630. At
the Restoration he was created Earl of Anglesey. His
lordship was the author of a number of political and theo-
logical works. Truth Unveiled, with a treatise on Tran-
substantiation, Lon., 1676. The King's Right of Indul-
gence in Spiritual Matters, with the equity thereof asserted,
1688. Happy Future State of England," 1688. Memoirs,
Ac, 1693. etc.
" lie was a per.snn very subtil, cunning, and reserved in the
managery and transacting his affairs ; of more than ordinary part.*;,
and one who had the command of a very smooth, shai-p, and
keen pen. He was also much conversant in Books, and a great
Calvinist, but his known countenance and encouragement given
to persons of very different persuasions in matters of religion, hath
left it somewhat difticult, at least in some men's judgments, per-
emptorily to determine among what sort of men, as to point of re-
ligion, he himself ought in truth to have been ranked." — Wood'n
Athen. Oxon.
Bishop Burnet describes him as a tedious and ungraceful
orator; a grave, abandoned, corrupt man, whom no party
would trust. But on the other hand, see Dr. Campbell's
life of his lordship in the Biographia Britannica, who de-
clares that **it is not easy to say any thing worthy of so
great a man's character." When Drs. Burnet and Camp-
bell disagree, who shall decide?
" Th;it his Lordship sjuled with the times, remains notorious.
Those principles must be of an accommodating temper which could
suffer the same man to be president of a republican council of
stat^. and recommend him for chancellor to an arbitrary and
popish king. Once when the Earl of Essex charged him in the
House of Lords with being prayed for by the Papists. Anglesey
said, * He believed it was not so; but if Jews in their synagogues,
or Turks in their mosques, would pray for him unasked, he should
be glad to be the better for their devotion." " — W<.ilpoh's Ji. & -.V.
Authors.
*' He was capable of great application, and a man of a grave de-
pni-tment: but stuck at nothing and was ashamed of nothing. . . .
He seemed to have no regard to common decencies, but .sold every
thing that was in his power, and sold himself so often, that at last
the price fell so low that he grew useless." — Burnet's History of
the iieign of Charles IL
Dr. Kippis, the editor of the Biographia Britannica, was
quite indignant at Waipolo's styling it (for giving, as he
thought, too favourable an opinion of our author) *'Vindi-
catio Britannica," or a "Defence of Everybody;" where-
upon the editor remarks, in his 2d edition,
" If we have been guilty of an excess of gentleness, we must
guard for the future against this amiable error. It will behoove us,
for instance, when we come to the Life of Sir Robert Walpole. to
take care that we he not too milky.''
The lively Horace could have afforded to laugh at this
threat ; his alphabetical distance friini the Doctor's ven-
geance rendered him very secure. Befuro the slowly-ad-
vancing foe could reach the letter '* W," the "Blue" and
ANN
ANS
the " Red Clianilicrs." the " Round Tower." find the " Tri-
bune" of Strawberry Hill, would, in all probability, know
no more the collector ot trinkets, and the distributor of bone
inotH. True enoui;h ! some eighteen yeurs were required to
reach the letter " F/' and the "force of" book-making
** could no further go." At this rate, would it not require a
Methuselah of an editor to punish Walpole, Sir Robert, for
the sins of Walpole, Horace? Let not the alphabetical
editor threaten in *' A" what he intends to do in " W!"
"Life is short," and biographies are "long;" which last
consideration induces us to resume, that we may speedily
cut short, that of Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, We shall
gratify Anthony Wood, who seems in this instance quite
sanguinary, by permitting him to despatch our "Author
Anglesey," as "he rather contemptuously designates the earl :
" At length, aftiT our author. Arthur, Earl of Auf^lesey, had a<?ted
the part of a l\)liticiau, aud ran with the times for more than 45
years, he gave way to fate in his house in Drury Lane, iu 16S6,
lie left beiiiud him a choice library of books, which were exposed
to sale by way of Auction, in Oct., Nov., Ac. following."
The mention of that " Library of hooks" will touch a
chord in the bosom of many a Bibliomaniac ; aud being
slightly of that order ourselves, we shall crave the indul-
gence of the general reader to linger a moment iu this
" Library." Dr. Campbell gives the earl no small praise
for his book-collecting zeal :
" Ue was oue of the first English Peers who distinguished him-
self by collecting a line library, which he performed with great
care, as well as at a large expense; and as he was desirous that so
valuable a collection might not be quickly dissipated, but remain
in his family, he caused it to be disposed in a manner suitable to
its worth in a particular department of Anirli-sey House. But
these precautions proved fruitless, as his Lordship's good inten-
tions likewise did; his books, within a few mnnths after his de-
cease, being exposed to public sale by Mr. ;>lillington, a Jamous
auctioneer."
We marvel that Dr. Dibdin omitted to place our Biblio-
maniac in his list of " Collectors of Books in Great Bri-
tain." See Bibliomania. Now this auction sale would
he memorable were it only for the discovery of the "fa-
mous memorandum," made by the earl on the blank leaf
of a copy of Eikon Basilike; but we must not prolong
this hydra-headed article by any further dissertations.
How this curious memorandum was accidentally disco-
vered, how it was purposely published, how a great contro-
versy thence arose, how sundry controversialists were " set
together by the ears," how men, usually amiable enough, in
disputing about the Eikon' Basilike presented any thiug
but the portraiture of unprejudiced judges in the premises
— all these matters will be found in the Life of Bp. ifanden,
in the present volume. For a detailed account of the
whole controversy, the reader is referred to the Biog. Bri-
tanniea, article Gandcv.
Annesley, or Anslay. Trans. The Boke of the Cyte
of Ladyes, Lon.. \l>2^.
Annesley, Sir James. 1. Researches into the
Causes of Diseases nf India. Lon.. 2 vols. imp. 4to, £H 14s.
2d.-y 2d ed.. 1S41, 12s.; 3d ed., 1855, 8vo. 2. Sketches of
Diseases Prevalent in India, 8vo.
Annesley, Sir Francis. Copy of Sentence of War,
Ac., with his Petition against Earl of Stafford, Lon., 1641.
Annesley, or Aneley, Sainl., LL.D., 1620 ?-1696. a
very eminent Nonconformist minister, pub. sermons, Lon.,
1655-92, and wrote a supplement to the Morning Exercise
at Cripplegate.
" He with much ado (being naturally dull, yet Industrious) got
t» be Racb. of Arts, notwithstandin<r he that iiresented him to that
degree (who did swear that he knew him to be aptita. hahilis. aud
ido}u:u.s) did take a hard oath for him."-IIT;Of/'i- Athen. Oxon.
AunesoD, or Annersoii, James. See M.ixwell,
James.
Aimet. Short-Hand Perfected, 1761.
Anuet, Peter. A CoUeetiou of the Tracts of a cer-
tain Free Enquirer, noted by his sufferings for his opin-
ions, 1766, respecting himself.
'■ The tracts here reprintod. are chiefly those which apppared
on the intidel side of the question, in the notaltle controversy con-
cerning the resurrection of Clirist. in the years 1744 and 1745 ; the
answers to Mr. Jackson's Letter to the Deists, and to Lord Lytleton's
Observations on St. Paul, with some others."— ion. Monthly Rev.
Sec Chandler, Samuel, p. .367, j>ost.
Annet's Works, 17.^9, contains also the tract Social Bliss
considered, (or all things in community,) which is the
germ of Owcnism and Socialism.
Anselm, 10;^'^-1109, like his predecessor Lanfranc,
was a native of Italy. He was horn at Aosta, in Pied-
mont, at the foot of the Graian Alps, about the year 1033.
In his childhood he had imbibed religious sentiments from
the teaching and e.^ample of his mother, and exhibited an
early taste for learning. His father discouraged the child
in his pursuits, and when, at the age of fifteen, Angelm
ventured to declare his wish to embrace a monastic life,
the anger of the parent was so strongly expressed, that the
youth determined to quit his home and country, and throw
himself upon the wide world. Of the next three years of
Anselm's life, we only know that they were spent, perhaps
fruitlessly, partly in Burgundy aud partly in France. It
does not appear how he was occupied during this period,
but in the course of his wanderings he arrived at Avranches,
and there he first heard of the fame of his countryman
Lanfranc and the school of Bee. The eagerness after
learning which had distinguished Anselm in his childhood
now returned, and he hastened to Bee to place himself un-
der Lanfranc's tuition. He devoted himself to his studies
with wonderful perseverance, scarcely quitting his books
by night or by day, and often forgetting his meals. When
Lanfranc at length made him a partner in his labours, and
intrusted to him the instruction of others, Anselm showed
little taste for his occupation ; he preferred solitude and
meditation to an active life, and after much doubting as to
where and how he should take the hal.iit, and after con-
sulting with Lanfranc and with Manrilius. Archbishop of
Rouen, he became a monk in the abbey of Bee, in the
twenty-seventh year of his age, (a. d. 1060.) Still he was
not allowed to remain inactive; for, when Lanfranc was
made Abbot of Caen, (not, as commonly supposed, in 106;j,
but in 1066,) Anselm was chosen tu succeed him as Prior
of Bee. an office which he held till Abbot Herluin's death
in 107S. when he was further raised to be his successor.
As monk and prior, he was distinguished so much by
his piety and virtues, that his brethren believed him to
be possessed of the power of working miracles. The abbey
of Bee had possessions in England, and soon after his
election Abbot Anselm found it necessary to visit them.
This was a favourable opportunity of consulting with his
ancient friend Lanfranc, by whom he was received at
Canterbury with the greatest marks of distinction and
esteem. He spent a short time in the society of the monks
of Canterbury, and gave his advice iu the question then
agitated relating to the sanctity of the Saxon Archbishop
.^Ifege. In other parts of England, Anselm was received
with the same marks of respect as at Canterbury. In
loss, Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, died, and in
1093, Anselm, much against his will, obeyed the commamls
of William Rufus, by accepting the vacant see. He died
of a lingering illness, attended by a distaste for all kiuds
of nourishment, on the 21st of April, 1109, in the seventy-
sixth year of his age. after having held the see of Canter-
bury sixteen years. He was buried in his cathedral, at
the head of his friend and predecessor, Lanfranc.
By his rare genius he did much towards bringing
metaphysics into repute. He laid the foundation of a new
school of theology, which was free from the servile cha-
racter of the older writers, who did little more than collect
together a heap of authorities on the subjects which they
treated. The Monologinm and the Proslogium are admir-
able specimens of abstract reasoning. His reading was
extensive, and his style is clear and vigorous. His pub-
lished writings are, 1. The Monologion, a metaphysical
treatise, in which Anselm attempts to establish, by ab-
stract reasoning, the existence of God, his attributes, &>c.
He submitted this work to the judgment of Lanfranc, be-
fore he ventured to publish it. 2. The Proslogion, in which
he undertakes to prove the existence of God by one single,
continued argument. 3. The answer to Ganuilo, a monk
of Marmoutier, who had criticised the Proslogion, aud
espoused the cause of the incipi'ens (whom Anselm had
introduced as his imaginary opponent) against Anselm's
arguments. In this tract he enlarges and explains some
of his arguments which had been misunderstood. 4. Uu
the Trinity and the Incarnation, a controversial treati.'-e
against the celebrated philosopher Roscelin. 5. On the
Procession of the Holy Ghost, another controversial trea-
tise, iu which he collected the arguments he had employed
in the Council of Bari against the Greeks, who denied that
the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Son. Anselm is said
to have written this b(Tok between 1100 and 1103, at the
request of Hildebert, Bishop of Mans. 6. Dialogue in
twenty-eight chapters, De casu Diaboli. treating chiefly on
the subject of the origin of evil. 7. A treatise entitled
Cur Dens Homo ? in two books, written in the form of a
dialogue between the author and Boso, Abbot of Bee, for
the purpose of showing the necessity of the Christian
scheme of redemption, and proving the resurrection of the
body. It was begun in England, and finished in Italy.
S. A treatise in twenty-nine chapters on the Conceplinu
of the Virgin, and on Original Sin, composed at Lyons,
6^
ANS
ANS
and addrossod to the same Abbot Buso who appears in the
Cur Deus Homo ? 9. A dialogue De Veritate between a
Master and his Disciple. 10. A treatise De Voluntate,
first publi^shed by Uerberon, who found it without the
name of the author, but with strong internal proofs that
it was the work of Anselm. 11. A dialogue De Libero
Arbitrio. 12. The treatise Do Concordia praescientiai et
praedestinationis et gratise Dei cum libero arbitrio. This
was Anselm's last, and perhaps his most profound work,
in which he undertakes to prove, first, that prescience is
not repugnant to free-will ; secondly, that predestination
does not exclude free-will; and, thirdly, that grace does
not exclude free-will. 13. A short tract De Fermento
et Azymo. 14 and 15. Two brief treatises on Priests who
keep Concubines, and on Marriage between certain degrees
of affinity, questions then agitated in England. IG. A
dialogue on Dialectics, entitled De Grammatico. 17. A
very short treatise De Voluntate Dei. 18. Sixteen homilies.
19. A treatise on the Contempt of Temporal Things.
20. Another short tract in question and answer, entitled,
Admonitio morienti. 21. Twenty-one Meditations, of
some of which the authenticity is doubtful. 22. A collec-
tion of seventy-four prayers. 23. Hymns, and a Pt^alter
of the Virgin, which are probably erroneously attributed
to Anselm. 24. A large collection of miscellaneous letters,
many of which afford valuable materials for the history
of the time. 25. His Constitutions. lu addition to these,
the writers of the Uistoire Litteraire de France enumerate
no less than thirty-six treatises which have been wrongly
attributed to Anselm. Among these we may place the
poem De Contemptu Mundi, which was the work of Alex-
ander Neekham. Some additions might still be made from
manuscripts to his authentic works, particularly to the
Homilies, Meditations, and Letters; and perhaps some of
Anselm's writings are entirely lost, such as the poem on
the death of Lanfrauc, mentioned by Ordericus Vitalis.
Ediimis.
Opera et tractatus beati Anselmi iirchiepiscopi Cantuarien. ordi-
nis sancti Benedict!. At the end. Opera sancti Ansebui que is
scripsit hoc libro quam salutari sidere clauduutur. Anno xp"i.
M. cccc.lxxxxj. die vero vicesima septima martii Nurenberge. per
Caspar Ilochfeder: opifecem mira arte ar dili'j;t'ntia impressa. fol.
This volume contains the Duo Ijl>ii cm I'-nis hnmo; liber unus de
incarnatione verbi ; De concept u vir;rinalit't jt^Miiito orijiinali; De-
claratio cujusdam de eodem; Prosloij^ou; Mout.iln^^irju; De proces-
sione spiritus sancti contra Grajoos; Dyalo;;us de casu Dyitboli;
Pro insipiente; coutra iusipientem; De diversitnte sacramL-nto-
rum; De fermento et azimo; Expositiones membrorum et ai-tuum
Dei et vestimentorum ; De voluntate; Deconcnrdin pnvsii.'nti:!- et
praedestinationis et grati?e Dei cum libero arbitiiu: Id- lihcin ;n lii-
trio; De veritate; De siniUitudinibus: De meiismatii'De nin-is:
Meditationes magna? Anselmi; Meditatio ejusdem de ledeuiptioue
generis humani; De passione Domini: Speculum evangeliii ser-
monis; llomelia, Intravit Jesus in quoddam cast+'llum; Epistola^
Sancti Anselmi: De imagine mundi. This edition was reprinted
in 1494. — Sermones tres de passione Christi. .\rt;entie. M, cere,
xcvj. 4to. At the end. sig. & 4, is added. Anselmi devotissinii de
passione Jesu Christi queretis d<' irlnri<>sis-.ime b't'e Marie V^nis
respondent! dyalogus incipit filiiitcr, — i)]>uscula beati Anselmi
archiepiscopi Cantuariensis ordinis s;inrti benedicti. fol. without
name of place or date. It contains two tracts not in the edition
of 1491, De miseria hominis. and De exoellentia Virtrinis Maria?.
It also contains an index. There was another edition of the Opus-
cula without date. — Omnia divi Anselmi Cantuariensis ar(4iiepis-
copi th"olnijnrum omnium sui temporis facile prinoipis Opuscnia,
Antonii Democharis Hessona>i industria nunc primum restituta.
Parlsiis. 1544, fol. This contains, iu addition to the previous edi-
tions, the tracts De similitudiuibus, and De voluntate Dei. Re-
printed in 1549. — D. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, theolo-
gorum nmnium svii temporis facile principis. neminiqueeorum qui
post fiiiii fiiiTuiit vel sanctitate, vel eruditione. vel eloquentia se-
cundi. IiKiilentissima? in omnes sanctissinii Pauli apostoli epistolas
etali |Uot livan.i:eli;» enarratinnes. Has (^narrationes alii D. Ileroa^o
as^ribunt., Parisiis. 1544. f il, — ftprra Yentt. 1549. This edition ap-
pi^.ars to have been r-'printed at thi^ sjuni' place in 1568. — Anselmi
Klucidarium, Paris. 15r.O. — '"Ipera Colr^n. 15tiO, fob, and a^rain. Co-
lon. 1573, fol. — B. Anselmi Vita et Opera iv. tomis. ubi ejus Epis-
toliB adjectje sunt et notis illustratro, per Job. Piccarduni. Col.
Agr. 1612. More complete than any of the preredinir editions. —
B. Anselmi Opera extraneis in Sacros T>ibni^ (''.niiiinitariis exone-
rata, recensuit et edidit Theoph. Rayiiaudus. l,iiL'i\, li'.:io, 3 vols,
fol. — S, Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi de Keliritate Sancto-
rum dissertiitio, Exscriptore Eadinnn An>j:lo canonico re;;ulari.
Editore Joanne Bapt. de JIailruilt. i'arisino, Soc. Jesu. Parisiis,
lt»;iO. Svo. — The dialoirue De Jibi-rn arbitrio. was published in the
third volume of thi- Opns'MiIa of St. Auiiustino, 4to. Lovan. 1*>48.
— Divi Aurolii Au.nistiTii Ilippon. episcopi Meditationes, Soliloquia,
et Manuale. Mrditatinnes B. Anselmi. cum tratatu de humani
generis redemptione, &c. Colonise Agrippina"^, 11549, IGmo. — D'Ache-
rii Spicilea;ium, 4to, 1653-1677. torn. iii. p. 24, Second Edit. Paris,
1723. fol. vol. i. pp. 443-449. Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis archie-
piscopi tractatus asceticus, 4to. torn. iii. p. 121, tom.ix. pp. 116-123.
Second od, torn. iii. p. 43.3-4:!ri. Some letters of Anselm. — Csher,
Veterum Epistolarum Hibernioarum Syllo:;e.. 4to. Dublin., 1633,
pp. 88-99. Six letters of Anselm. — Sancti Anselmi ex Beccensi ab-
bate Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera . . . laboro ac studio D.
QabriellsGerberonmonachicongregatijnis S, Mauri ad MSS. fidem
' 6i
expnr^ata et aucta. Secunda editio, correcta et aucfa. Lutetia
Parissiorum, 1721, fol. The tirst edition was published at Paris in
1675. A third was printed at Venice, 1744, in 2 vols, folio. — The
works of S. Anselm, more or less complete, will also be found in
djllerent collections printed under the title ol Bibliotheca Patrum.
TruHshi turns.
A French translation of the Meditations of Anselm was pub-
lished in 1571. iind reprinted in 158S, 1602, and 1642, — Another
French translation of the Meditations, by Cerizius, appeared in
1650. A German transhition of the Meditations had been printed
at Lunenberg in 163S. — The Mount of Ulives; or, Solitary Devo-
tions. By Henry Vaugban. Silurist. With an excellent discourse
of the blessed state of Man iu Glory, written by the most reverend
and Luly f:ithi.T Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, and now done
into English, London, 1662, 12mo. — A third F'renoh translation
of the Meditations was published anonymously in 1700. — Pious
Breathings. Being the Meditations of St. Augustine, his Treatise
of the Love of God, Soliloquies, and Manual, to which are added
Select Contemplations from St. Anselm and St. Bernard. Made
English by George Stanhope, D.D., chaplain in ordinary to bis
Majesty, Loudon, 1701, 8vo. — A translation into Fi'ench of the
treatise Ciir Deus liomnt has been recently published in Paris. —
Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. LU.
Anson^ George, Lord, 169i'-1762. Voyage round
the World iu 174U-2-3-4; compiled from his papers, and
published under his direction ; with Charts of the Southern
part of South America, of part of the Pacific Ocean, and
of the Track of the " Centurion" round the World, by
Richard Walter, A.M., Lon., 1748. Most of this work waa
composed by Peter Robbins.
" Anson's Voyage will contribute more to call forth genius, and
open the blossoms of the mind, than a dull didactic treatise of the
most sagacious philosopher." — Knox's Essays.
" A voyage which is still about the most delightful of any with
which we are acquainted.'" — Edinburgh Hcview, April, 1839,
In 1752 was pub. a Supplement to Lord Anson's Voyage
round the World, containing a Discovery and Description
of the Island of Frivola. By the Abbe Coyer. To which is
prefixed an introductory Preface by the translator. This
is a satirical romance, in which the French nation (Fri-
vola) is most severely ridiculed.
" The modern French are represented as a race of trifJers, wit-
lings, and fops, whose effeminate manners, and slavish notions of
government, are contrasted with the supposed manlier conduct of
the English. As our judgment may be thought biassed on the
present occasion, we shall say the less of this entertaining pei^
formance of the Abb6"e." — Lim. Mtmihly Jfeview.
'' Anson w.as the veriest Bull Di>g of all circumnavigators, lov-
ing nothing better than tough contests, by sea and by land; a
Spanish Galleon, or a hostile town, was eqmilly an object of attack,
and he returned from his three yeais and nine months' absence
laden with more spoil and wealth than it had fallen to the lot of
any individual t" bring borne." — DiUDix.
See Life of Lord Anson, by Sir J. Barrow, Lon., Svo.
Anspach, Elizabeth, Margravine of, 1750-1828,
the youngest daughter of Augustus, fourth Earl of Berke-
ley, pub. a number of works, 1778-1S2G. The principal
are, 1. Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople.
Lon., 1789. 2. Letters from Lady Craven to the Mar-
grave of Anspach, during her Travels through France.
Germany, Russia, itc., in 1785-87, Lon., 1814. 3. Me-
moirs of the Margravine of Anspach, written by herself,
Lon., 1826.
"These delightful volumes remind us of the best French me-
moirs, a species of literature in which we are wofnlly deficient." —
Lon. N. Montldy Magazine.
'■ The Margravine of Anspach claims attention rather from cir-
cumstances than talent. She was a light and vivacious woman.
of a school which is rapidly going by, and which it is of the least
possible consequence to renovate."
Anspach, Rev, F. R., b. 1817, Penn. Systematic
Benevolence, 1853. Sepulchres of our Departed, 12mo. 1854.
" A tine tone pervades the volume, and it abounds in just sen-
timents ornately expressed.'' — Presbyterian.
Anspach, Rev. L. A., a magistrate of Newfound-
land. A Sermon in French, 1793. Summary of the
Laws of Commerce nnd Navigation, adapted tu the present
State, Government, and Trade, of the Island of New-
foundland, Lon., 1809.
" The law on these several matters is here laid down with great
precision, and expounded with clearness." — Lon. M'nithly Rn-i'ir.
Ansted, David Thomas, b. 1812, L<mdon, a di.—
tinguishcd geologist, educated at Cambridge, Prof. Gcol.
King's Coll., London, Ass. Sec. Geol. Soc. and ed. of its
Journal and Proceedings. 1. Geology, Introductory, De-
scriptive, and Practical, 1814, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. This
work gave its author a high position as a geologist. 2.
Geologist's Text-Book, 1815. 3. The Ancient World; or,
Picturesque Sketches of Great Britain, 1847. 4. The Gold-
Seeker's Manual, 12mo. 5. Elementary Course of Geology,
Mineralogy, Ac, p. 8voj 2d ed., 1856. 6. Notes on
Scenery, Science, and Art, Svo.
Anster, John, LL.D., b. 1793, Charleville, Ireland.
Regius Prof. Civil Law in Trinity College, Dublin. Prize
ANS
Pocra on the death uf the Princess Charlotte, 1817. Poems,
with trans, from the Gurmiin, 1S19. F:iustus; from the
Gurmau of Goellie, 1835. Highly praised by S. T. Cole-
ridge, BlackirooU's Mag. and Ediu. Rev., and Dr. Mac-
kenzie. Xeniola, with other Poems and Translations, 1837.
Introduetory Lecture on the Study of the Civil Law, 1S49.
Contrib. largely to Blackwood's Mag., Uubliu Univ. Mac.,
<tc. "
Anstey, Christopher, 1724-1805, was a son of the
Rev. Christopher Anstey, Rector of Brinkeley. in Cam-
bridgeshire. He pub. a number of works, 17013-180-1;
but his fame rests upon The New Bath Guide, one of the
most popular poems of the day, pub. in Lon., 1706.
Dodsley gave £200 for the copy'right, which Anstey be-
stowed in aid of the hospital at Bath. The publisher de-
clared that the profits on the sale were greater than he
had ever gained in the same period by any other book,
and in 1777 he returned it to the author.
'■ There are a thous.tnd strains of humour in these hi-xh wrouf^ht
Epistles, some of which do not occur to you at the tii-st re.nding;
—si propius, te c.iplet magis:— the author frequently hei;,'litens
and enriches hi.s humour by parodies and imitiitibns."— ion
M"iilM;/ Review, 1766.
Smollett has borrowed so largely from Anstey, that
Humphrey Clinker may almost be called The New Bath
Guide in Prose, so far as characters and situations are
concerned.
'• But .\nstey's diverting satire was but a sHjiht sketch compared
to the finished and elaborate manner in which Smollett has. in the
first place, identified his characters, and then filled them with lan-
gu.^;^e, sentiments, and powers of ob.servation lu exact corres-
pondence with their talents, temper, condition, and disposition."
— Sir Walter Scott.
Several authors, who shall be nameless, have committed
a grave error in charging Anstey with borrowing from
Smollett ; whereas The New Bath Guide was published in
1766, whilst Humphrey Clinker was not written until
1770. and was published in 1771.
Anstey, John, son of the preceding. The Pleader's
Guide. A Diil.actic Poem, Lon., 1796. The Poet. Works
of the late Christopher Anstey, Esq., Ac, Lon.. ISOS.
Anstey, T. C. Guide to the Laws of England af-
fecting Roman Catholics, Lon., 1842.
"This is the only professed treatise upon the laws of Great Bri-
tain relative to the Konian Catholics, and contains much valuable
information respecting Nonconformists of every denomination.
The author hjis ably discussed the contlict of imperial with local
laws— a branch of the conflict of laws that Mr. .Justice Storv and
Mr. Burge have omitted in their treatise upon the Conflict of
Laws. He is also of opinion that confession.s made to a Catholic
clergyman are, upon legal principles, privileged communications.
Mr. .\nstey's work is a complete and valuable treatise upon the
rights and liabilities of Catholics. 24 L. 0. 635; B. Jmist, 26 E."—
MarvuVs Legal Bibl.
Lectures on Laws and Constitution of England, p. 8vo.
Anstice, Robt. Work on Wheel-Carriages, Lon.,
1700. Inciuiry into Laws of Falling Bodies, Lon., 1794.
Anstie, J. Works upon Commerce, Lon.. 1787-1802
Anstis, John, 1609-1745, a learned heraldic writer,
and Garter king-at-arms. was born at St. Neot's, in Corn-
wall, and educated at Oxford, and at the Middle Temple.
He was M.P. in the reigns of Anne and George L He
left a number of very curious and laborious works in MS.
Of his published cs.siiys the most important are. The Re-
gister of the most noble Order of the Garter, Lou., 17''4
2 vols, folio; usually called The Black Book, from Its
black velvet cover. Observations introductory to an His-
torical Essay on the Knighthood of the Bath, Lon 17'>5
Anstruther, Alev. Reports of Cases in the Court
of t.xchequer from E. T. 32 George HI. to T. T. 37 Geo
IIL, Lon., 1796-97, 3 vols. 2d ed., Lon , 1817
••Anstruther-s lieports are carefully and acurately compiled
S^-.I'b.W "•■'•'■" ■" ™°^W"'-''1» Bood authority .■•-.i/„S
Aiistrnther, Sir John. On Drill Ilusb., Lon 1796
'■ He must have pnssessed a very ample and correct nracticil
knowledge of agriculture."— Donatt.son -. Anricull Ding ''"'"■"
Anstruther, Sir W. Essays, Moral and Divine
Edin., 1701.
Antes, J. Obs. on M. and C. of the Egyptians, Lon.,
Anthon, Chas., LL.D., was born in the city of New
York in 1797. In 1820 he was appointed adjunct Profes-
sor of Languages in Columbia College. New York, and in
1835 he was advanced to the station filled for many years
by Professor Moore, and vacated by his resignation.' He
received the degree of LL.D. from his Alma Mater in 1831.
Mr. Anthon's publications have been numerous. His edi-
tion of Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, was very favour-
ably received, and immediately republished in England.
In 1830 appeared his larger edition of Horace, with various
5
APL
readings, and a copious commentary ; a smaller edition
was published in 1833. In 1835, in connection with the
publishing house of the Messrs. Harper, Professor Anthon
projected a classical series, which should comprise as well
the te.^it-books used in academies and schools preparatory
to college, as those usually read in colleges and universi-
ties. This series includes some of the most important
Greek and Latin authors. Dr. A. has pub. larger works
on Ancient Geography, Greek and Roman Antiquities,
Mythology, Literature, ,tc., in all about 50 vols.
Dr. Anthon's Classical Series has proved one of the most
sui-cessful enterprises of the kind in America.
Anthon, Charles E. Pilgrimage to Treves in 1844.
N. \'<vk. 12mo.
-'Vuthon, Henry. Easy Catechism, N. York, 18mo
Catechism on the Church Homilies; Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 N.
York, 18mo. '
Anthon, John, b. at Detroit, 17S4, an eminent Ame-
rican lawyer and legal writer, brother of Chas. Anthon,
LL.D. Essay on the Study of Law ; improved and finally
prefixed to Mr. A.'s Analysis of Blackstono.
" This essay is worth the perusal ol the legal aspirant."— Jifarrm'J
Legftl Bibl.
Notes to Tidd's Practice. Analysis of Blackstone, 2d
ed., Phila., 1S32, 8vo.
" Kspecially valuable in this country, because it is prepared with
peculiar reference to our circumstances."
" It cannot tail to be a great tavourite with elementary stu-
dents."— HnffmarVs Leg. Sl2id. 1130.
Nisi Prius Cases ; 2 edits. The Law Student — American
Digest, 1 vol. Edited by J. A. :— Booth on Real Actions;
American Precedents, 1821, 8vo, 4th ed. ; West Brook-
field, 1848, 8vo; Espinasso's Nisi Prius. Shepherd's
Touchstone. Oration, July 4, 1812. Contribution to the
American Jurist.
Anthony, Elliot. A Digest of Cases in the Supreme
Court uf Illinois from 1819 to 1854. Philadelphia, 1855, 8vo
Anthony, Dr. Francis, 1550-1623, a noted empiric
and chemist, was the father of the controversy concerning
the Aurnm Potabile, in which Dr. Gwinne and Dr. John
Cotta took part. He declared that he could produce an
extract, or honey, of gold, which he calls the " Universal
Medicine," from its m.arvellous effects upon the human
system. His first treatise on this subject was published in
1598. In 1610 he pub. Medicinse Chymicse et veri pota-
bilis Anri Assertio, &c.
Anthony, John, 1587-1655, son of the preceding.
Lucas Redivivus, or the Gospel Physician, prescribing (by
way of Meditation) Divine Physic, to prevent diseases not
yet entered upon the Soul, and to cure those maladies
which have already seized upon the Spirit, Lon., 1656.
The Comfort of the Soul, 1654.
So great was the demand for the father's Aurum Pota-
bile, that the son made a handsome living by its sale.
Anthony, Susanna, of Rhode Island. Extracts
from her writings were pub. by Dr. Hopkins, 2d ed., 1810.
Antill, Ed., of N. Jersey. Cultivation of the 'Vine.
Amer. Trans., i. 181, 1789. Method of Curing Figs. lb.
i. 266.
Antisel, Thos. Manual of Agricultural Chemistry,
12mo. 2. Irish Geology.
"These little works are worth notice." — Dcmaldson's AgricuU.
Bir,g.
Anton, Robt., a minor poet temp. James I. Vice's
Anatomy Scourged and Corrected; or, the Philosopher's
Satyrs, Lon., 1616.
" These .satires possess little claim on the reader's notice, although
there arc a few slight notices of the eminent poets contemporary
with this almost-forgotten author." — Hoses Biog. I>icf.
Antrobus, Benj. Buds and Blossoms of Piety, with
some Fruit of the Spirit of Love, Lon., 1691.
Antrobus, J. 1. Clifton; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. 2.
Parental Wisdom, 8vo. 3. Pilgrim's Dream, and other
Poems, 12mo. 4. Student's Manual, 1840, p. 8vo. 5.
Wrimgs of Poland ; a Poem, 8vo.
Antrobus, R. Brevia Selecta; or, Choice Writs, col-
lected (Mit of the writings of R. Antrobus and T. Impy,
Lon.. 1663.
Antrobus, Thos., Surgeon, Liverpool. An Ampu-
tation <»f a Leg, without any subsequent Haemorrhage,
Med. Ob.s. and Inq. ii. p. 152. 1762.
Anvers, Alicia D'. See D'Anvers.
Anvers, Caleb D'. See D'Anvers.
Anvers, Henry D'. See D'Anvers.
Anvers, Ji. I)'. See D'A.nvers.
Anwick. Med. upon God's Monarchic, Lon., 1587.
Anyan, T. Sermons Acts x. 34, 35. Ps. i. 3, Lon., 1612.
Apletrc, J. Proposals rel. to Raw Silk, Lon. 1719.
65
APP
ARC
Appelius, J. Death of Kar! of Hanaw, Lon., 1611;.
Apperley. Essays and Reflections. Lon.. 1793.
Apperley, Charles James, 1777-1848. a popular
wriUr on s|M>rtinf;-suhjccts. 1. The Chase, Tnrf, and Road,
12mo, pul>. in Quar. Rev., 1S27. 2. Hunting Rerainiscences,
8vo. 3. Hunting Tours, 8vo. 4. Life of a Sportsman,
8vo. 5. Nimrod Ahroad, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 6. Northern Tour.
7. Remarks on the Choice of Horses, Svo. S. Sporting
Annual, imp. 4to. 9. Treatise on the Horse and Hound,
p. Svo. Jlost of the above works wore written for periodi-
cals under the tiotn deplume of '•Nimrod."
Apperley, T. Observations on Physic, Lon., 1731.
Apple^arth, H. The Common Law Epitomized.
Lon.. lOeO.
Applegarth, Robt., formerly a Quaker, became a
member of the Church of England, and wrote Apology for
the Two Ordinances of Jesus Christ, by the Holy Com-
munion and Baptism, recommended to the Quakers, Lon.,
17S9. Mr. Applegarth pub. some other works on Theology
and Political Economy, 1776-92.
Appleton, Mrs. Eliz. 1. Private Education, 1815.
"Many in;tili<al tliri-clions are piven iu this volume which will
be really ii-tiut t" ilM-sewho undertake the education of children."
— Lrm. Moiithli/ Jiivicw.
This lady had been governess in the family of the Earl
of Leveu and Melville. 2. Edgar; a National Tale, 3
vols. 1810.
Appleton, Jesse, D.D., 1772-1819, was the second
President of Bowdoiu College. He pub. several sermons,
1707-1 S18.
Appleton, John. Reports of the Supreme Judicial
Court of Maine in 1841, 2 vols. 8vo, being vols. xix. and
XX. of Maine Reports, HallowcU, 1842-43.
Appleton, Nathaniel, D.D., 1693-1784, minister of
Cambridge, Mass., pub. a number of Theological works,
1728-70.
Appreece. See Rhrse. John David.
Apsley, Sir Allen. Order and Disorder; or the
World made and undone, Lon., 1679. A Poem.
Apthorp, East, 1732-1816, an Episcopal minister,
^as the son of Charles Apthorp, a merchant of Boston,
New England. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge,
Englantl, and in 1790 became prebend of Finsbury in St.
Paul's Cathedral. He pub. a number of Theological works,
17G1-S6, some of which are held in high estimation. Let-
ter on the Prevalence of Christianity before its civil estab-
lishment: with observations on a late History of the De-
cline of the Roman Empire, Lon., 1778.
This is one of the many answers to the illogical insinua-
tions of Gibbon in the above-named work.
" The author has enriched this work with many learned remarks,
and espu'cially with a catalojiue of civil and ecclesiastical historians,
which the reader will find to be very useful." — Bishop Watson.
Discourses on Prophecy, 2 vols., 1786.
"These discourses were read at the Waiburtmiian lectures, at
which the celebrated Discourses of lii^hnp lluid were also de-
livered; and are not unworthy of thf i.bjr<t which the learned
prelate had iu view iu the estalilir^hnieut of that foundation. The
topics embraced by Dr. Apthorp are. the history of prophecy; Ca-
nons of Interpretation: propheties of the birth of Chiist: chrono-
lofjical characters of the Mi-Bsi.ih: ihenlo-^ical characters of the
Mrssi;ih; prophecies of thi- driih nfi liiist: of the kin<;dom of
Christ; characters of vViitirln i-i . tlj. iii\stic Tyre, and the orijzin
anil iirnjrn-Ks of the Iti-tix mkM i^'ti. 'I'lu-i- subjects are discussed
with i<>iivt,i,-i;tM(. ability :iiiil ui i-iiiality. aud abound with clear and
BQti.sl-K'tdry vi.-ws of (bi> irn-at ilnrt ring's nf Christianity." — OltME.
'• A iiiHst r\i'L-lli-iit and biL'bly'i'stfrim-ii work." — Lowndes.
ArbucJvIe, Jas., 1700-1734. 1. Hibernieus's Letters,
pub. in the Dublin Journal, Lon., 1729, 2 vols. 2. Poems.
Arbuthnot, Rev. Alexander, 1538-1582, was Prin-
cipal (d' the Ihiivorsity of AI>erdeen. Ho edited Bucha-
nan's Hi.^tory of Scotiaml, imb. 1582. His only produc-
tion is his Orationes do Origine et Dignitato Juris., Edin.,
1572. He was very serviceable to the Church of Scotland.
James VI. was much displeased at his editing Buchanan's
History. See Delit. Poet. Scot, for Latin verses by Thomas
Mailland, aud an epitaph by Andrew Melvil, both in ho-
nour of our author.
Arbnlhuot, Arch. Life, Ac, of Lord Lovat. Lon.,
1746. Life, (tc, of Miss Jenny Cameron, Lon., 1746.
Arbuthnot, John, M.D., 1675-1734-5, was a native
of Arbuthnot, near Montrose. He studied at the College
of Aberdeen, where he took his degree of M.D, Upon his
removal to London, his uncommon powers of wit and ripe
scholarship introduced him to the society of the principal
literary characters of the day, with whom he was a great
favourite. For some time he supported himself by teaching
mathematics. In 1697, Dr. Woodward pub. an Essay to-
wards a natural history of the Earth, in which he threw out
some singular views respecting the Deluge. Arbuthnot at-
66
tacked this Essay with great success iu an E.xamination of
Dr. W.'s Account, Ac. which at once established his fame.
In 1700, he pub. a treatise On the Usefulness of Mathemati-
cal Learning, which increased his reputation. An interest-
ing paper Ou the Regularity of the Births of both Sexes, (a
moEt conclusive proof of a superintending Providence,)
procured bis election in 1704 into the Royal Society. In
1712 appeared the first part of The History of John Bull,
intended to ridicule Marlborough, and dissatisfy the nation
with the war. There *' never was a piditical allegory ma-
naged with more exquisite humour, or with a more skilful
adaptation of characters and circumstances." Swift, in
his Journal to Stella, and Pope, in Spence's Anecdotes,
both attribute this work to Arbuthnot, and certainly their
testimony should settle the question. Arbuthnot published
a number of other works, the most celebrated of which was
Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, aud Measures; 2d ed.,1727.
" Although there are several inaccuracies in it, which could
hardly be avoided iu so intricate a subject, it is a work of great
merit, and has ever since been considered as the standard author-
ity."— Encyc. Britannica.
.The ''Miscellaneous Works of Dr. Arbuthnot," pub. in
2 vols, in 1751, were publicly denied by his son to be his
father's productions.
'■ Positive as is this assurance, and thoufrh some few may be
spurious, the style and character of many fully prove them to be
geuuine." — Jfuse's BiiH/. Diet.
The celebrated Scriblerus Club was formed in 1714.
Arbuthnot and his intimate friends, Pope, Gray, and Swift,
together with Ilarley, Atterbury, and Congreve, were mem-
bers of this brilliant circle. The object of these wits was
to "ridicule all the false tastes in learning, under the cha-
racter of a man of capacity enough, that had dipped into
every art and scieuce, but injudiciously in each." — Pope.
The club was not of long continuance, but we have as its
fruits, The First Book of Martinus Scriblerus. The Travels
of Gulliver, and The Art of Sinking iu Poetry.
"There seems to be every reason to believe, that of the three
pieces. Arbuthnot was the sole author of the first, Swift of the
second, and Pope of the last." — /^e/ros^j. Jievimv.
Dr. Johnson has asserted that no one was ever wiser,
better, or merrier for reading the Memoirs of Scriblerus.
Dui-ing the last illness of Queen Anne, in 1714, Doctors
Arbuthnot and Mead attended her majesty : to this Gay
alludes in the Prologue to the Shepherd's Week:
"This leach Arbuthnot was yclept,
Who many a night not ouce had slept.
But watched our i^racious sovereign still;
For who could rest while she was ill?"
Swift replied to a lady who desired to know his opinion
concerning Arbuthnot, " He has more wit than we all have,
aud his humanity is equal to his wit.'* In one of his
poems, he laments that he is
" Far from his kind Arbuthnot's aid.
Who knows his art, but not his trade."
Dr. Johnson, when talking of the eminent writers in
Queen Anne's reign, observed :
"I think Dr. ArVmthnot the first man amon^ them. He was
the most universid [genius, biring an excellent physician, a man
of deep learning, and a man of much humour."
Pope declared that he was fitter to live or die than any
man he knew :
•■ His good morals were equ.al to any man's, but his irit and
humour superior to all mankind."
" Oh if the w orld had but a dozen Arbuthnots in it, I would
burn my travels! but. however, he is not without fault. There
is a passage in ISede highly commending the ]>itty and learning
of the lri.sh in that age, where, after abundance of praises, he
overthrows them all, by lamenting that, alas ! they kept l^aster
at a wi-ong time of the year. So our doctor has every quality and
virtue that can make a man amiable and nsefid, but, alas! he
hath a sort of slouch in his walk."— De.vn Swift.
This slouch in the doctor's walk is noticed in a letter
from pope to Mr. Digby, in which, after recommending
Arbuthnot to Mrs. Mary Digby, he say,s :
" lint, indeed, I fear she would not walk with him. for, as Dean
Swift observed to nie the very first time I saw the doctor, * He is
a man that can do every thing but walk.' "
" Although he was justly celebrated for wit and learning, there
was an excellence in his character more amiable than all his other
(jualifications: 1 mean the goodness of his heart. . . . lie is seldom
serious, except in his attacks upon vice, and there his spirit rises
with a manly strength and noble indignation." — Lord Orrery.
Archard, Essay on the French Nobility, 1798.
ArchboUI, J. F*,, an eminent writer on Law. 1. The
Practice of the Court of King's Bench, in personal Ac-
tions and Ejectments, Sth cd., by Thomas Chitty. Includ-
ing the Practice of the Courts of Common Pleas and Ex-
chequer, 2 vols. 12ino, Lon., 1840, '45, '17; 9th edit.,
adapted to the Ct>nimon Law Procedure Act, 1852, entitled
j Proc. Ctmrts Queen's Bench. 2 vols. Svo, 1855 j 2d Ame-
i rican ed., 2 vols. Svo, New York, 1838.
ARC
"This is the leading work on practifp in Enjrland. In the
United States. Tidd's Practice is pmliaMy in iricre trencral use
than any other Enjilish book upon the conmion law practice, and
' has been universally allowed to be a mod.-I of completeness and
accuracy.' The reputation of Mr. Archbold's treatise, is niaiuiy
attributable to its excelltnt arrangement and perspicuous style.
It li,id Ila^.sl■d tlitnu;£h two editions, when Mr. T. Chit ty tirst edited
the I -link, intn which he has incorporated the changes made in (he
En'ilish pia<iice. by the ' Uniformity of Process Act,' and the rules
and decisions consequent upon its passajre. AVarren's Law Stu-
dies. 75'2; 1 Jurist, ■itV—Man-in's Lcf/al Bihl.
2. The Law and Practice in Bankruptcy, p.s founded
on the recent statutes, 9th ed., by J. Flalher. l'>mo Lon
1S42; KUb ed., 1S44; lUb ed.. by J<,hn Fhither' 1858!
12mo. 3. A Summary of the Law relative to Pleading
and Evidence in Criminal Cases, with the statutes, pre-
cedents of indictmonts. Ac. and the evidence necessary to
support them; 9th cd., by Sir J. Jervis, Knt., 12mo, Lon ,
1S4.3; 11th ed., by W. N. Welsby, 1S49 ; 18th ed., by Welsby^
Lon., 1S56; 4th American ed., 8vo, New York, 1843: 5th.
from inth Lon. cd., 1840.
'' Trifling as it may seem, it has cost me much time and great
Irtbour. I have taken infinite pains to simplify my subject; to
reject every tliinu' n-rhiii.laiit or irrelevant : to compress the whole
into thesm.illi'st pnssibb- nmipass consistent with perspicuity; and
to clothe it iu hmgiiaj^Lt plain, simple, and unadorned.''
"This treatise is a standaid work of great i>ractical utility in
England and America."— ifo/x-m's Lf.gal Bihl.
4. A Digest of the Law relative to Pleadings and Evidence
in Civil Actions; 2d ed., 12mo. Lon., 1837 ; 2d Amer. ed.,
from the 2d Lon. ed., N. York, 183S. 5. The New Practice
of Attorneys iu the Courts of Law at Westminster; with
forms, including tlie recent statute as tu attorneys; also
an appendi.K, comprising questions of practice, 2 vols.
12mo, Lon., 1844; 3d ed., 1846, 1847.
" The author, feeling himself aggrieved at the liberties taken by
Mr. Chitty, as editor of his treatise upon The Practice of the Court
of Queen's Bench, appears to have pn^pared this book of Practice
as a rival work to that altered by T. Chitty, 2 Jurist, 571." — Mar-
vin's Li'gal Bihl.
6. Peel's Acts, and all other Criminal Statutes, passed
from 1 G. IV. to the present time, including the criminal
clauses of the Keform Act, with the forms of indictments,
Ac., and the evidence necessary to support them; 3d ed.,
2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1835.
" Peel's Acts, and the Statutes subsequently enacted upon the
subject of the Pleas of the Crown, now form nearly an entire body
of Crown Law; all the great olfences (with the exception of High
Treason) and many of the minor offences have been made the sub-
ject of their provisions. The present edition contaius the whole
of the Criminal St^itutes passed since the 60th George III; and
each section, defining an offence, is followed by the form of the
indictment, &c., and the evidence necessary to support it." — Mar-
vm^s Legal Bibl.
7. Collection of Forms and Entries in the Courts of K.
B. and C. P.; 2d ed., 12mo, Lou., 1828. 8. The Jurisdic-
tion and Practice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, with
forms of indictment, notices of appeals, &c., 12mo, Lon.,
1836.
" This production is in part compiled from the author's previous
publications. Dickinson's treatise upon the same subject, written
many years since, in consequence of the many changes in tlie law.
has now little practical v.alue. Mr. Archie -Ids bnok will be of great
assistance to every professional man prartisiog in the Court of
Quarter Sessions, 1 Jurist, 01." — Ma?-viii's Lrgnl Bib).
9. Digest of the Laws relative to offences against God and
Religion, with the Laws which affect Protestant Dissenters
and Roman Catholics, with the Toleration Act, 8vo, Lon.,
1813. 10. Digest of the Pleas of the Crown, 8vo, Lon., 1813.
" This is one of three volumes of a Digest of Criminal Law, that
Mr. Arehbold had prepared for the press, but almut tlie time this
volume was published, several similar books w<-ie issued, and the
two remaining volumes never appeared. IIow.'vii-. In- has incor-
porated these parts of his unpublished Digest into his Summary
of Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cas&s, 9. V." — Marvin's Le-
gal Bibl.
11. Law relative to Commitments and Convictions by
Justices of the Peace, with forms, 12mo, London. 1828.
12. Recent Criminal Statutes, with forms of indictment,
notes, and index, 12mo, Lou., 1837. 13. The New Bank-
rupt Act, 5 and 6 Vict. c. 122, with observations, showing
the alterations effected in the law and practice, arranged
on the plan of, and intended as a supplement to, the 9th
ed. of Archbold's Bankruptcy, &c. By John Flather,
12mo, Lon., 1842. 14. Justice of the Peace and Parish
Officer, comprising the Law relative to their several duties,
with all the necessary Forms of Commitments, Convictions,
Orders, &c., 3d ed., 3 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1845 ; 4th ed.,
1846; continued to 1850. The third volume of this work
is also published separately uuder the title of Archbold's
Poor Laws. 15. The Poor Laws. Comprising all the
authorities to 1844; 4th ed., Svo, Lon., 1845.
_ •' Mr. Arehbold has long since earned a fair and deserved reputa^
tion for the work of which this is the fourth edition. We think
it, upon the whole, the best of the Archboldiana. ... Its com-
plained-of defects are the citing of manuscript cases, without re-
ferring tit the volumes in which they were subscquiMitlv print<?d,
unnecessarily increasing ' the perplexing distlnctiutis which beset
this vexed branch of the law,' and the omission of the Title Bas-
tardy."— M'H-viTi\t Legal Bihl.
" Notwithstanding its occasional sins of omission and hardihood,
we find far nioie iiS this book to praise than to criticise, and pro-
nounce it. in every sense of the word, a useful work." — 2 London
Law Mag,, N. S. lOS.
16. The Law of Nisi Prius; comprising the Decbiratione
and other Pleadings in Personal Actirms, and the Evitlence
necessary to support them, 2 vols. ]2mo, Lon., 1843: 2d
ed., 1845 ; 3d Amer. ed., annotated by Hon. J. K. Findlay,
Phila., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo.
••'I'he plan of this work is. to give under earh head precedents
of the various pleadings in strict accordance with the new system;
the evidence necessary to support the various issues taken ; and a
concise and correct statement of the general law on all the topics
treated of in the work.
"Mr. Arehbold has no superior as a writer of practical works,
whether we regard their number, or utility, and but oue e((ual,
Mr. Chitty. This treatise is more compiessed than Mr. Stephen's
Nisi Prius. treating only of personal actions, as assumpsit, account,
debt, &c. This work is well arranged, and valuable as far as it
goes. Warren's Law Stud. 772; 2li L. O. SI." — Marvin's Legal Bibl.
17. The Magistrate's Pocket Book, or an epitome of the
duties and practice of a Justice of the Peace out of Ses-
sions, alphabetically arranged, with forms of commitments;
to which is added a copious and general index; 4th ed.,
(W. Robinson,) 1842, 12mo. 18. Practice in the Crown
sideof the Queen's Bench, with forms, tfcc, 12mo, Lon., 1844.
"This work fully sustains the reputation of Mr. Arehbold, and
higher praise could not well be given." — Law Tinie!i.
19. Act for the Amendment of the Poor Laws 4 and 5
Wm. IV. c. 76, with a practical introduction, notes, and
forms; 5th ed.. 12mo, Lon., 1839. 20. Summary of the Law
relative to Appeals against orders of removal, against rales,
and against orders of filiation ; together with the Practice of
the Court of Quarter Sessions in Appeals; 2d ed., 2 vols.
12mo, Lon., 1831. New System of Criminal Procedure,
&c., 1852, ]2mo ; Amer. ed. by T. W. Waterman, N. York,
1852. In 1811, this useful writer published an edition of
Blackstone's Commentaries, with notes, in 4 vols, royal
8vo. lie is the author of several legal compilations. Ac,
in addition to those above noticed. For Mr. Archbold's
invaluable labours the thanks of the profession, and the
gratitude of the public at large, are eminently due.
Arehbold, John. Serm. on 1 Pet. i. 16, Lon., 1621.
Archtlale, John. A new Description of the fertile
and pleasant Province of Carolina, Lon.. 1707. This gen.
tleman was governor of Carolina, 1695-1701?
"A captain of a vessel from Madagascar, on his way to Great
Britjun. anchored off Sullivan's Island, and made a present to the
governor of a bag of seed rice, which ho had brought from the East.
This rice the governor divided among some of his friends, who
agreed to make an experiment. The success equalled their expec-
tation, and from this small beginning arose the staple commodity
of Carolina."
Archdall, Mervyn, 1723-1791, an "exemplary Pro-
testant divine and learned antiquary," was a native of
Dublin. Do prepared himself, by forty years of zealous
labour, for the compilation of his Monasticon Hibernicum;
or, an History of the Abbeys. Priories, and other Religious
Houses in Ireland, Dublin, 1786.
"It contains mam parli. uhirs which will gratifv the antiiiuary's
curiosity. . . . Itislln^ \ :iliiablr on acinuni ..fits luring com-
piled fromaufhenlir -.l!n i.-d ir.nnis, tli.- trulh of whieh cannot be
called iu question."— A^-n. M-uthh/ /U'vifw, IT-SO.
•■ The late learned Dr. Pocock. Bishop of Ossory and of Meath,
pointed out the method here adopted, procured many necessary
documents, and had the goodness to encourage the author with
solid favours. . . . We sincerely congratulate the sister kingdom
on such a compilation." — Lon. Gciilkman's Magazine, 17S6.
In 1789 our learned .luthor pub. an edition of Lodge's
Peerage of Ireland, which he increased from four to seven
volumes.
" The cause of the extension of the latter work, however, is afr-
tributed to Mrs. Archdall's skill in deciphering the short-hand
notes of Mr. Lodge.''— i^o.-^p's Biog. Did.
Let Mrs. Archdall's name be handed down from anti-
quary to antiquary to the end of time!
Archdekin, (called also Mac Gilla Cuddy,) Richard,
1619-1 ri9n ? jL .Tesuit. was a native of Kilkenny. He pub.
several theological works, which enjoyed extensive popu-
larity. His Essny on Miracles was pub. (Louvanii) 1667.
The Theolugicie Trlparta Uuiversa reached the eleventh
edition in 1700. " At the time the eighth edition was un-
dertaken, there were 16,000 copies of this work disposed
of, and a great demand for more."
Archer, A. Serm. on Victory at Blenheim, 1704.
Archer, C. Observ. on the'Efl'ect of Oxygen, &c,,
Lon., 1 798.
ARC
ARM
Archer, C. P. Digest of Reports Common Law,
Ireland, Lon., Svo.
Archer, E. Sermon, Zech. vii. 4, 5, 1710. Sermon,
1711, Lon.
Archer, Kdmond. Charity Sermon on 2 Cor. viii.
0. 1712.
Archer, Jas., a Roman Catholic clergyman. 1. Ser-
mons for all the Sundays in the Year, Lon., 1783, 4 vols.
2. Sermons for the principal Festivals in the Year. Both
pub. incorporated, Lon., 1794, 5 vols.
■' Excellent Catholic sltuious." — Lowndes.
" It has been Art-her's aim to satisfy reason, whilst he pleased,
ch:ii'me(i, and instructed her; to impress upon the mind just no-
tions of the mysteries and truths of the Kospel; and to show that
the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and her paths
the paths of peace. To almost every Protestant library, and to
many a Protestant toilet, these sermons have found their way." —
Charles Butler.
Archer, John. Personal Reign of Christ, Lon., 1643.
Archer, John, an English physician tcmjK Charles
XL Every Man his own Duetor, Lon., 1671. The same,
completed with an Herbal, 1673. Secrets Disclosed; or,
a Treatise of Consumptions, their various Causes and
Cures, Lon., 1684, 1693. Beloe (Anecdotes, vol. i. 20.1!)
gives an account of several inventions by I)r. Archer.
Archer, J« Statis. Survey of County of Dublin^ Dubl.,
1803.
Archer, John. A Sermon, 1 Kings ii. 15. 1714.
Archer, Major, R.A., late Aide-dG-Camp to Lord
Combcrmere. Tuurs in Upper India and Himaiaya, Lon.,
1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Reviewed in Edin. Rev., Iviii. 358.
Archer, Sir Simon, b. 1581. a zealous antiquary,
contributed to King's Vale Royal. Sir Wm. Dufj^dale,
who was greatly aided by Sir Simon in his literary outset,
used his patron's collections for Warwickshire when he
pub. his Antiquities of that county. See Dugdale's Cor-
respondence.
Archer, T. C. First Steps to Economic Botany,
Lon., r. lOnio. Popular Economic Botany, sq. Svo.
Archer, W. N. The Double-Armed Man, 1625.
Arcy, O'Azile. Prejudice and Physiognomy, 1817.
Arcy, Patrick D', See D'Averv.
Ardern, John, an eminent English surgeon of the
14lh century. The MSS. of several of his works are in
tho British Museum ; only one has been printed, Fistula
in Ano, translated and pub. by John Read, in 1 JSS.
■' Ilis method of treatment was in accordance with that proposed
by Celsus aud Paul us iEgineta. He superseded the cruel practice
of his day, the cautery, as used by Albucasis. ... He mav be
looked upon as having been the earliest to introduce a rational
practice into England."
Freind and Eloy give an example of his rapacity for
fees in cases of operation for the fistula.
"Centum Miu-cas(a Nobili) vel XI. Ijbras cum robis et feodis — et
centum solidos per annum ad terminum vita\ Aft^r stipulating
with his patients in regard to the fees he was to receive, he took
security for the payment." — Rnxf^s Biog. Dirt.
Arderne, Jas., d. 1691, an "English divine, was of
Christ Coll., Camb., and Brasenose Coll., Oxf. Direc-
tions concerning the Matter and Stylo of Sermons, 1671 ;
aud some other works. He
■• Run with the humour of K. James II., and, therefore, did
suffer several indignities and affronts from the vulgar of and near
Chester. . . . By his will be bequeathed his books and chief part of
his estate to provide and maintain a public library in the cathe-
dral church of Chester for the use of the city and clergy." — }Vood's
At/ien. Ozon.
Such benefactors aro "worthy of double honour."
Ardcron, Wm., a contributor of m.any papers on
Natural Pliilosophy to Phil. Trans., 1744-63.
Ardesoif, J. P. A work upon Gunnery, &c., Gos-
port, 1772.
Ardley, Geo. Autumn Leaves; a Poem, Lon., 1803.
Argall, John, d. 1606, of Christ Church. Oxf., be-
came parson of a market-town in Sutfolk, called Hales-
worth. 1. De Vera pffinitentia, Lon., 1604. 2. Intro-
ductio ad artem Dinleeticam, Lon., 1605.
" Very facete and pleasant." — }V'io<.Vs Aflir.n. Orrm.
Ar^all, Uichard, was author of The Song of Songs.
Lon., 1621 ; The Bride's Ornament, Lon., 1021 ; and some
other works. " I must lot the reader know," says Anthony
Wood, "that in my searches I find one Rich. Argall to be
noted in the reign of K. James I. for an excellent divine
poet."
Arsrall, Sir Samuel, deputy Governor of Virginia,
1617-19. An account of his voyage from Jamestown, be-
ginning June 19. 1610, in which, "missing Bermuda, he
put over towards Sagadahoc and Capo Cod," and his
Letter respecting his voyage to Virginia, 1613, will be
found in the collection of Purchas
68
Ar^anston, J. The Mutationsof the Seas, Lon., 1683,
Ar^ns, Arabella. The Juvenile Spectator, Lon.,
1812, Ac.
Argyle. See Campbell, George John Douglas.
Arkwright, T. Essay upon Raising Ore, Tr. Soc.
Arts, 1791.
Arlington, Earl of. Letters to Sir Vt'm. Temple,
(1665-70,) and others, Lon., 1701.
"These letters afford an insight into tho secret and obscure
management of affairs during the above interesting period." —
LOW-VDES.
Armigix, T. Varicose Aneurism, Med. Obs. and
Inq.. 1771.
Arniin, or Armyn, Robert, was attached to the
company licensed by K. James L, 1603, under Fletcher
and Shakspeare. He was of note as an actor, and the
author of several works. Discourse of Eliz. Caldwell,
Lon., 1604. Nest of Ninnies, 16US. Italian Taylor and
his Boy, (from the Italian,) 1609. The Biog. Dramatica
gives him credit for The Valiant Welshman, pub. by A.
R., Lon., 1615. This was reprinted in 1663. A copy of
the first edition was sold at Sotheby's, in 1831, for £4 7s.
At the Gordonstoun sale. The Italian Taylor and his Boy
sold fur £12 12s. Reprinted in fac-simile, 1811, price os.
In the preface to this tract he anticipates a rough hand-
ling from the Grub-street critics of his day :
"■ Kvery pt-n and inck-horne boy will throw up bis cap at the
homes of the Mooue in Censure, although his wit hang there."
Armstrong. History of the Minority, Lon., 1764.
Armstrong. Scottish Atlas, Edin., 1727, &c.
Armstrong, Arch. Archy's Dream, Lon., 1641. Ar-
chee's Banquet of Jests, 1657; Jests, posthumous, 1660.
Armstrong, Chas., M.D. Med. Essays, Lon., 1783-
18 12.
Armstrong, F. C. 1. Two Midshipmen; a Novel,
Lioi.. '.'• vi'l.-. p. ^vfK 2. War Hawk, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Armstrong, Fras., M.D. Med. Essays, &e., 1783-85.
Armstrong, Geo., M.D. An Essay on the Diseases
most fatal to Infants, &c., Lon. 1767. This popular work
was rcpub. in 1771, again in 1788; and in ISOS another
edition, enlarged, was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D.
"■ That part of medicine which regards the diseases of infants has
hitherto lain uncultivated. I do not pretend to account for this
stmngB neglect : nor is it to my purpose." — Preface tn first edition.
" A load of medicines is in all cases to he condemned, but par-
ticularly where infixiits are the patients. The little essay before
us is ciiietly to Vie commended for its simplicity in this respect.
Many of the observations are plain and useful; and the medicines
few. eflicacioup. and easy to be administered." — 3Ionth. Heinew. 1767.
Armstrong, James. Practical Sermons, Lon., 1605.
Armstrong, John. The Soul's Work and Danger,
1704.
Armstrong, John, Priest-vicar of Exeter Cathedral,
and Rect. of St. Paul's, Exeter. Sermons on the Festivals,
Oxf., 1815.
Armstrong, John, M.D., 1709?-1779, a celebrated
physician and poet, was the son of a clergyman, and born
in the parish of Castleton, in Roxburghshire. He graduated
at the University of Edinburgh, receiving his degree of
M.D. Feb. 4th, 1732. His first poem, Winter, although
written in 1725, was not published until 4770, thirty-five
years after his earliest production. A Dialogue between
Hygeia, Jlercnry, and Pluto. The work which established
his fame was The Art of Preserving Health, Lon., 1744.
Benevolence, a poetical Epistle to Eumenes, appeared seven
years later, and in 1753 he gave to the world. Taste, an
Epistle to a young Critic. The Art of Preserving Health
has been warmly commended by many eminent author-
ities. Warton praises it for classical correctness : Dr. Beat-
tie predicted that it would " make him known aud esteemed
by posterity ;" but adds, *' And I presume be will be more
esteemed if all his other works perish with him."
" To describe so difficult a thing, gracefully and poetically, as the
effects of distemper on a human body, was reserved for I'r. Arm-
strong:, who accordingly hath executed it at the end of his tliini
book of his Art of Preserving Health, where he hath given u-- th;it
j«ithetick account of the sweating sickness. There is a chissical
correctness and closeness of style in this poem, that are truly ad-
mirable, and the subject is raised aud adorned by numberless
poetical images." — Dr. Warton's ReJUctvms oii Didactic Foelnj.
A Short Ramble through France and Italy in 1771 j
Med. Essays, 1773, 4to.
Churchill was so enraged at Armstrong's styling him a
"bouncing mimic," in his Epistle to John Wilkes, that he
attacked him most savagely in his poem of The Journey.
Armstrong was of a very querulous temper; and his
friend Thomson, the author of The Seasons, renmrks,
"The doclor <Iocs not decrease in spleen ; biit tli'-re is a certain
kiud of spleen that is Ituth humane and agreeable, like Jacques's iu
the play."
ASM.
ARN
Armstrong, John, M.D., 1784-1829, took the decrea
of dot-tor of mcilii'ine of the Uuivcrsity of Edinl>iirj;h in
June. 1808. 1. Facts and Observations relative to Puerpe-
ral Fever, Lon.. 1814. 2. Practical Illustrations of Typhus
and other Febrile Diseases, 1816. 3. Practical Illustra-
tions of the Scarlet Fever, <fec., 1818. The second-named
work went through three large editions in three successive
years, and conferred great celebrity upon its author. The
last named publication reached its second edition before
the e.xpiration of the year, (1818.)
■•Aniistnm;; wa.s a man ot geuiuM but ln'.s attempted contempt
of k'arniiiy much disfigures his orations. He never failed to em-
brace any oppoitunity to hold up to ridicule the learning ol scliools
and colleges, and to treat with neglect the claims of learned prac-
titioners."'— I^OKe^n liUig. Diet.
Contributed to Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour. : Med. Intel. ;
and Trans, of the Associated Apothecaries of England and
AVales. Published Ann. Rep. of the Fever Hospital alter-
nately with Dr. Cleverley. His Lectures appeared in The
Lancet, 182o: and again, after his death, va a separate
form, edited by one of his pupils. Lectures on the Morbid
Anatomy, Nature, and Treatment of Acute and Chronic
Diseases, by the late John Armstrong, M.D. ; edited by
Joscjih Ri.\, Svo, Lou., 1834. See Mem. of the Life and
Medical Opinions of J. Armstrong, M.D., and by Francis
Boot, M.D., 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S.",4.
Armstrong, John. Hist, of the Is. of Minorca. 1752.
Armstrong, John, Vicar of Tidenham. The Pastor
in bis Closet, or, A Help to the Devotions of the Clergy,
Oxf , 1847.
Armstrong, Col. John. History of the N.avigation
of the Port of King's Lyn and of Cambridge, <fec., Lon. 1725.
'• In 176tt, the old title, prefaces, and contents, were cancelled,
and new ones printed, and after the table of contents is an addi-
tion of an Abstract, cousistin!^ of two pages." — Lowxdks.
Armstrong, John, 1771-1797. pub. Juvenile Poems,
(fee., Lon., 1789. Under the fictitious name of Albert, he
pub. 1. Contidential Letters from the Sorrows of Werter,
Lon., 1790. 2. Sonnets from Shakspeare. Lon.. 1791.
Armstrong, John, General in the U. S. army, 1758-
1843, a niitive of Carlisle, Penna. Newburg Addresses.
Treatise upon Gardening. Treatise upon Agriculture.
Review of Geul. Wilkinson's Memoirs. War of 1S12,
2 vols. Biograpincal Notice. Gen. A. had partially pre-
pared n. History of the American Revolution.
Armstrong, John, D.D., late Lord-lJishopof Grahams-
town, d. 1856. 1. Parochial Sermons; 2d ed., Lon., 1857,
fp. 8vo. 2. Pastor in his Closet; 2d ed., 1857. fp. 8vo,
3. Sermons on the Festivals, 1857. 4. Es.5ays on Church
Penitentiaries, 1858. 5. Tracts for the Christian Seasons;
1st and 2d Series. 8 vols. 6. Sermons for the Chri^luui
Seasons, 4 vols. 7. Tracts for Parochial Use, 7 vols. 8.
National Miscellany, i vols. Svo. See Life by Rev. T.
T. Carter, M.A., Rector of Clewer ; with an Introduction
by Samuel, Lord-Bishop of O.xford, fp. Svo, 1857.
Armstrong, Leslie. The Anglo-Sa.tons, Lon., 1806.
Armstrong, iTI.J. Geographical Works, Lon. ,1776-81.
Armstrong, Macartney, and Ogle. Reports of
Cases Civ. and Crim., 2 B. C. P., Ac, Dublin, 1843.
Armstrong, K. A. Gaelic Dictionary, Lon., 1825.
Armstrong, Robt. El. of the Lat, Tongue, Lou., 1798.
Armstrong, Simon, M.D. Con. to Annals of Med.,
vi. 370, 1801.
Armstrong, Wm. Work on Military Tactics, Lon.,
1808.
Armstrong, Wm. Theolog. Treatises, 1796-1812.
Arnahl, Richard, 1696?-! 756, a Fellow of Emma-
nuel College, Camb., pub. a number of works, chiefly theo-
logical, 1726-1752. He is best known as the author of
the Commentary on the Apocryphal Writings, which
generally accompanies the Commentaries of Patrick,
Lowth, and Whitby.
" A judicious and v.aluable work." — Lowndes.
'' This valuable commentary is deservedly held in hin-h estima-
tion."—T. II. IIORNE.
"The five volumes by Patrick. Lowth. and Arnald contain the
best commentary on the fUd Testament and the Apocrypha which
we have in the English language." — Blsiioi- \\'.\tson-.
In the 2d edition. Arnakl's Commentary was enriched
by the notes of Jeremiah Markland, for an account of
which, and of the literary character of Arnald, see Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes.
"The Comment.ary of Arnald. which was published at tii-st in
separate parts, is the ojily English work on the subject. It is gein^
rally judicious, and affords considerable .assistance in understand-
ing these books." — Orme.
The Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, Whitby, Low-
man, and Arnald have been published together in four
royal Svo volumes, and form a valuable manual for the
student. In this connexion, we notice the excellent Com-
preheuKixc fommpiitari/, in six volumes, edited by Rev.
Dr. Jenks, of Boston, V. States of America. Published by
J. B. Lii>pincott & Co. We consider it the best Family
Commentary in the language, and admirably adapted to
the wants id" P.ible-class and Sunday-school teachers.
Arnall, Wm. A zealous supporter of the administra-
tion of Sir liobt, Walpole, editor of the True Briton, (for
which service he is said to have been compensated by £400
per annum,) and author of some political tracts, Ac, i.a.
Arnand, Jasper. An alarm to all persons touching
their health, Lon., 1740.
Arne, Thos. Augustine, 1710-1778, a celebrated
musical composer, is of interest to litei-ary men from his
being the sou of Thomas Arne, the upholsterer, the person
supposed to have been intended by Addison in his charac-
ter of the Politician, in Nos. 155" and 160 of The Taller.
In 1738 .^rne produced music for Milton's masque of Comus.
" In this masijue he introduced a light, airy, original, and pleas-
ing melody, wholly different from I'urcell and Handel, whom all
English composers h.ad hitherto pillaged or imitated. Indeed, the
melody of Arne at thistime, and of his Vauxhall songs afterwards,
forms an era in English music ; it was so easy, natural, and agree-
able to the whole kingdom, that it had an effect upon our national
taste."" — I)n. boKNEy.
The well-known song of " Rule Britannia" was first in-
troduced in Mallet's masque of Alfred, setbyArnein 1740.
" The general melody of our countryman, if analyzed, would
perhaps appear tobc neither Italian nor English, but an agreeable
mixtui-e of Italian. English, and 8cots. . . . From the death of
Purcell to that of Arne — a period of more than fourscore years
no candidate for musical fame among our country men had appeared,
who was equally admired by the nation at large.'" — Dr. Kcrnev.
Arnett, J. A. An Inquiry into tho Nature and Form
of the Books of the Ancients; with a History of the Art
of Bookbinding, Lon., 1837.
Arnold, A. C. L. History of Free Masonry. 1854.
Arnold, C Poetical Essays: Distress, 1751. The
Mirror. 175.">. Bookbinders' School of Design, 4to.
Arnold, C. H. Hist, of N. and S. America, &e., 17S2.
Arnold, Kdmund. Sermons, 1740-45.
Arnold, Edwin, M.A. 1. Poems, Narrative .and
Lyrical, Lon., I2mo. 2. Grisolda, a Tragedy ; and other
Poems, 1856, fp. Svo. 3. The Wreck of the Northern Belle,
1857. Svo.
Arnold, Kred., Curate of St. Mary de Crypt, Glou-
cester. Sermons. Ltm., 1840.
Arnold, John. Works upon Chronometers, Lon.,
1780-X2.
Arnold, Josiah Lynden, 1768-1796, of Providence,
Rhode Isbunl. was the author of some poetical essays.
Arnold, Matthew, a son of Dr. Thomas Arnold,
of Rugby, b. Dec. 24, 1822, at Sateham, neiir Staines,
Middlesex, England, educated at Winchester, Rugby, and
Oxford, and elected a Fellow of Oriel College in 1845. In
1847 he became private secretary to Lord Lansdowne,
and he retained that position until his marriage in 1851,
when he was appointed to the post which he now occu-
pies,— Lay Inspector of Schools under the Committee of
the Council of Education. He was elected Prof, of Poetry
in Univ. of Oxford. 1857. 1. The Strayed Reveller, and
other Poems, by A.. Lon., 1848. Commended in the Lon-
don Athenjcuui, 1848, 982. 2. Enipedocles on Etna, and
other Poems. 1853. 3. Poems. June, 1854. 4. Poems;
2d .Series, Dec. 1854, Bost,, 1856; 1st Series, 3d ed., 1857.
"For combined culture and fine natural feeling in the matter of
versification. .Mr. Arnoid has no living superior. Though souie^
times slovenly in tlie versification of his sm.aller poems, when he
is put upon I)is metfle by a particular affection for his subject, be
manages the most 'irregular' and diflicult metres with admirable
sliiU and feeling."— fi/i'n. Jicv.. Oct. IS66. y. i: "
4. Meropc ; a Tragedy, fp. Svo. See Lon. Athen, No.
1575, Jan. 2. 1858.
"His narrative poems are better than his lyric. In more than
one of the laftiT lie las aimed at a simplicity which, on proof,
turns out to i.c pneiility." — Ltm. Atltcn., 1S54, y05.
Arnold, R. Writing, Arithmetic, and Mathematics
1792.
Arnold, or Arnolde, Richard, an ancient English
chronicler, compiler of a work, the first edition of which
is very rare : The Names of the Balyfs. Custos, Mayres,
and Sherefs of ye Cite of London from the Tyrae of Kyn^-o
Richard the first, &e., (1502?) This book is comnionTy
called Arnold's Chronicle. The second edition, published
circa 1521, is also of rare oecurren<'e; a copy sold at the
sale of George Mason's library, in 1798, for £15 15s. 6d. The
basis of the Chronicle is supjinsed to be the MS. in the
town-clerk's oflice, (Loudon,) known as the Liberde Anti-
quis Legibus. Aneditionwas published in 1811, (London,)
with introductory matter entitled. The Customs of London,
otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle. See this preface, by
69
ARN
that eDiinent nDtiqiiary, Francis Douce, for a discussion aa
to the orif;in of the celuhrated poem, The Jsol-Browu (Nut-
Brown) Mayde. {which appeared first in Aruuld's Chroni-
cle,) modernized by Prior into the ballad of Ilenry and
Emma.
"This is perhaps the most heterogeneous and multifarious mis-
cellany that ever e.\isted. The collector sets out with a catalogue
of the mayors and sheriffs, the customs and charter of the city of
London. Soon afterwards we h.ave receipts to pickle sturi^cou. to
maite vinegar, ink, and gunpowder: how to raise parsley in an
hour; the arts of brewery and soap-making; an estimate of the
livings in London ; an account of the last visitation of Saint Mag-
nus's Church; the weight of Kssex cheese; and a letter to Cardinal
M'olsey. The Not-Brown Mayde is introduced between an estimate
of some subsidies paid into the exchequer, and directions for buy-
ing goods in Flanders." — Wurton's UiUiTif nf Eur/Uah Pi^Jrii.
For a furlher description of this work, see Herbert's
Ames's Typ. Antiq., the Censura Literaria, and especially
the table of contents of this curious oUa podridain Oldys's
British Librarian, p. 22.
'• Arnolde was a citizen of London, who. being inflamed with
the fervente love of good Icaminge. travailed very studiously
therein, and principally in observing matters worthy to be remem-
bered of the posteritve; he noted the charters, liberties, lawes.
constitucious. and customes of the citie of London."— Stowe^
'■ Arnolde of London wrote certayne collections touching histo
rioal matters,"— lIoUNSHEii.
He is supposed to have died ciVcn 1521.
Arnold, Samuel, 1740-1802, a celebrated musical
composer, sou of Baron Arnold. His published works are
very considerable in number, viz :
'■ 4 oratorios, 8 odes, 3 surenatas. 47 operas. 3 burlettas, besides
overtures, concertos, and many smaller pieces." — Watt.
His most famous oratorio was that of the Prodigal Son.
" His oratorios are not unworthy of the disciple of so great a
master as Handel."— ftcs's Oidripeilia.
At the particular request of Geo. III., he superintended
the pub. of a magnificent edition of all the works of Han-
del. in score, of which he completed 36 folio volumes.
Arnold, Samuel J., son of the above, pub. a num-
ber of dramatic pieces. We find 12 credited to him in the
Biog. Dram.: 1. Auld Robin Gray, 1794. 2. AVho Pays
the Reckoning? 1795. a. Shipwreck. 1796. 4. Irish Le-
gacy, 1797. 5. Veteran Tar. ISOl. 6. F.ml Deeds will
Rise, 1S04. 7. Prior Claim, (in conj. with Mr. Pye.) 1805.
8 Up all Night, 1S09, N. P. 9. Britain's Jubilee, 1809,
N. P. 10. Man and Wife, 1809. 11. The Maniac, 1810,
N. P. 12. Plots, 1810, N. P. He died Aug. 16, 1582. As
manager of a theatre in London, he produced Von Weber's
opera of Der Freischutz, in 1824.
Arnold, Stuart A. Merchant's and Seaman's Manuals,
Lon.. 1778.
Arnold, T. J. Reports of Cases C. Pleas, Ac, Lon.,
1840; do. of Controverted Elections before Com. of H.
Commons, Ac.
"These reports are in continuation of those of Messrs. Baron
and Austin. Falconer and Fitzherbert, Knapp and Ombler, ferry
and Kuapp. and Cockburn and Kmve."— Marvin's Lf^/al BM.
Manual of the Law, with regard to Public Meetings and
Political Societies, 12mo, Lon., 1833.
Arnold, Thomas. Sermon on Dan. vi. 10, 1660.
Arnold, Thomas, M.D., d. 1816, of Leicester, pub. a
number of professional works. Edin. and Lon., 1766-1809.
Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention
of Insanity, Lon., 1800, 2 vols.
'■ A very entertaining work, containing the opinions both of
ancieids and moderns upon this subject, illustrated by a variety
of curious facts."— LoWiNDES.
The first edition w.as pnb. 1782-86.
Arnold, Thomas, D.D.. 179.5-1842, head master of i
Rugby School, from 1827 till his death, and successor of '
Dr.'Nares (in 1841) as Regius Professor of Modern History
in the University of O.xford, was one of the brightest orna-
ments of his age. He was educated at Winchester School,
and from thence went, in 1811, to Corpus Christi College,
Oxf., where he took a first class in Classics, in Easter term,
181 4. In the next year he gained the prize for an English
Essay, and in 1817, being then a Fellow of Oriel College,
he gaine<l the Latin Essay. The principal works of Dr.
Arn'^ld are his History of Rome, (unfinished:) The Later
Roman Commonwealth; Lectures on Modern History; and
Sermons, in 3 volumes. He published .an edition of Thu-
oydides. which has been highly commended, as an evidence
of ripe scholarship and critical acumen. As a teacher, he
laboured to instil into the minds of his scholars those re-
ligious principles, founded upon a just sense of responsi-
bility to God and to society, which so eminently shone forth
in his own " walk and conversation."
" He will strike those who study him more closely as a cnmplrlc
character — complete in its union of moral and intellectual gifts,
and in the steady growth and development of both: for his great-
70
ARN
nessdid not consist in the pre-eminence of any single quality, but
in several remarkable powoj-s. thoroughly leavened and pervaded
bv an ever-increasing moral nobleness." — Lon. Quarterly Hev^
Ixxiv. oU7.
The Edinburgh Review, comparing Arnold to Milton,
remarks :
•• There is the s.ime purity aud directness about them both ; the
same predominance of the graver, not to say. sterner, elements ;
the same contidence, vehemence, and elevation. They both so
lived in their ' great Task-Master's eye' as to verify Bacon's obser-
vation, in his Essay on Atheism. ' made fhemselves of kin to God
in spirit, and raised their nature by means of a higher nature than
their own.'"
" .\s a writer. Dr. ,\rnold was remarkable for vigorous thought,
clearness of expression, aud purity of style. His edition of Thu-
cydides. and his (unfinished I History of Home, are works which
will always hold a high place in our literature."— X<m. 6e7i(. J/t/^.,
August, i86'2.
'• His correspondence is the best record of bis life and affords
the most vivid represent:ition of bis character. It presents ns with
the progressive development of Ins mind and views till the one
reaches the vigour and the otlier the comprehensiveness for which
at length they became distinguished. He combined the intellectual
and the moral in a degree and with a harmony rarely found.
The most strongly-marked feature of his intellect was the strength
and clearness of his conceptions. It seemed the possession of an
inward light so intense that it penetrated on the instant every
subject biitl Itcfore him. and enabled him to grasp it with the
vivi.hi.--^ ■•f sin.;., and the force of reality. Hence, what wjis said
of lo- iilui..ii- impressions maybe used to characterize his intel-
lectii.il ..p. latii.ns; Mie knew what others only believed; he saw
what otiiers only talked about.' Hence also, perhaps, arose in a great
measure the vehemence with which he opposed views and notions
contrary to Ins own." — Knitrftt's Eng. Cyc, Biog., vol. i.
Sec Arnold's Life and Correspondence by Stanley ; also
Tom Brown's School-Days at Rugby, Lon. and Bost., 1857,
12mo.
Arnold, Thos. Kerchever, d. March 9, 1853, "has
acquired a very widc-sjiread reputation as the author and
editor of a whole library of books adapted for educational
purposes." His publications consist principally of school
manuals of the Latin, Greek, French, and German lan-
guages. See London Catalogue for a list of 45 different
works.
Arnold, \V. D., son of Dr. Thomas and brother of
Matthew Arnold, all oflicer in the British army. Oak-
field, or Fell.iwshii> in the East; a Novel, p. 8vo, 2 vols.
"This work is intended to represent the trials of a yonng officer
who is determined to act up to Christian principles in a British
regiincnt stati.med in India."'
"Arnot, C. A. Letter respecting Bank of Eng., 1818.
Arnot, Hugo, pub. a number of works, Edin. and
Lon., 1777-85. Collection .and abridgment of celebrated
Trials in Scotland, from 1536 to 1784, with Historical and
Critical Remarks, Edin., 1785. History of Edinburgh,
from the earliest accounts to the present time. Edin., 1789.
" .\ useful and entertaining work."
Arnot, Hugo. Address to the British Nation, 1812.
Letters to the County of Fife Freeholders, 1812.
Arnot, J., Surgeon. Profess. Works, Edin., 1800-16.
Arnot, Thos., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 17S6.
Arnot, W, Harmony of Law and Gospel, 1786.
Arnot, W. Race for Riches, Glasgow, 1851; repub.
Phila., 1852, ISnio.
Arnott, Neil, M.D., b. 1788, at Dysart, near Mont-
rose, Scotland. He and Lord Byron were fellow-pupils
at the Grammar-School of Aberdeen in 1797. In 1801 he
gained the first prize of his class and entered the Uni-
versity; took the degree of M.A. in ISOfi. .and pursued his
professional studies under Sir Everhard Home, Surgeon of
St. George's Hospital, London. 1. Elements of Physics ;
or. Natural Philosophy, General and Medical, Explained
in Plain or Non-Technical Language, 1827.
Of this work, five editions, amounting to 10.000 copies, were
called for within six years, and it was translated into all Kiiropean
langtiages except Italian. The author published originally the
first halfvolume, and he had l..c.jni.. so occupied professionally
that the chapters on Light and Heat were ready only fo' the third
edition. The two rcniaiiiiiig ch.ii.tcrs, on Klectricity and Astro-
nomy, bad to wait until still iurtlier leisure."
A new and enlarged edition of this work is now (1857)
in course of preparation, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Essay on Warm-
ing aud Veutilating, 1838. 3. Smokeless Fireplace, 8vo,
1855. _ ,
Arnould, Joseph. Law of Marino Insurance and
Average, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. roy. 8vo. ; edited with addits.
by J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. roy. 8vo.
"The student will here find, within a convenient compass, the
learning of the ContinentiU jurist ; the just and politic judgments
of the first intellects of England, iu Westminster Hall, and the
clear and satisfactory determinations of the American commercial
tribunal and judges, at once eminently scientific and practical."—
Amrricaii Imw Journal.
4rnnl))h. See Eunulph.
Arnway, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxf., a zealous
ART
ARV
Ftipporterof K.Chnrlea T. He was the author of The Tablet,
or Moderation of Chas. I., Martyr, H;ij,'ue, 16oU. Alarum
to the Subjects of Enj,'land. He died in Virginia.
" Ik' h:u1 ipiittt'd a laru;L' fortune to serve bis Prince, and there-
fiire was phnniHreil by the Rebels, and lost his Rooks and Papers,
which he cuulri nt'ver recover." — Wood's Athen. Oxmi.
Arrowsinith. The Reformation. A Comedy.
Arrowsiiiith, Aaron, 1750-1823, settled in London,
1770. 1. Large Map of the World on Mereator's Projec-
tion, 1790. 2. Map of the World, wiih a Compauiun of
Explanatory Letter-Press. 1794. 3. ^lap of the Northern
Regions of America. 4. Map of Scotland, lSl)7. 5. Me-
moir relative to the Construction of the Map of Scotland,
1809. He published upwards of 130 maps. G. His Geo-
metrical Projection of Maps was pub. 182j, after his death.
*' ArrowsmiLb'a maps obtaim-d a liigh rcimtation thronghout
Europe for their distinctness, the result of good engraving and
arrangement. It has been the fashion of late to undervalue his
acquirements as a geographer; but. though he is inferior to Berg-
haus and some otliei' map-makers of tlie present day, he was supe-
rior to auy one in Europe at the time he commeDced his career." —
Sng. C'jc, vol. i.
The School Atlases and Skeleton Maps for Eton Col-
lege, and the Manuals of Geography, Ancient and Modern,
by Aaron Arrowsmith, are the works of his sou.
Arrowsinith, Ed. Sundry serm., pub. Lon., 1724^5.
Arrowsmith, John, 1602-1659, an eminent Puritan
divine, educated at St. John's College and Catherine Hall,
Cambridge, pub. several works which were highly esteemed.
Ai-milla Catecbetica. or a Chain of Principles wbeivin the Chief
Heads of the Christian lleliirion are Asserted and Improved. Lon.,
1659. "This and his Tractica Sacra are valuable treatises." —
BiCKERSTETII.
Tractica Sacra, sive de Milite Spirituali pugnate, vin-
oente, et triumphante Dissertatio, Cantab., 1647.
"This work contiiins. along with a great de-al of controversy,
some ingenious remarks on those passages of Scripture which re-
late to the spiritual warfare. The authoi' w.is a man of learning
and genius, and maintained a highly respectable character during
the difficult times in which he lived. lie wrote a work on part oiF
the Gospel of .Tohn. and some other things, which rank high among
the puritanic.il writings.'' — Ormb.
His sweet and engaging disposition, Dr. Salter remarks,
appears through all the sourness and severity of his opi-
nions in his Tractica Sacra.
" A book written in a clear style, and with a lively fancy: in
which he displayed at once much weakness and stiffness, but withal
great reading,"' A contemporary describes him as "holy and
lejirned. diligent, zealous, and sincere, doiug all that could he done
with a Weak and sickly body."
Dr. Whichcote also speaks of him with high respect, and
even the querulous antiquary. Cole, {MS. Athen. Cantab,
in British Museum,) dues not scruple to commend Dr.
Arrowsniilh.
Arrou'smith, J. P. Art of instructing the Infant
Deaf and Dumb.
"In this interesting little volume, the plan of the celebrated
Abbe de TEpee is reprinted." — Lowndej?.
Arrowsmith, R. G. Doubts upon the reasoning of
Dr. Palev relative to, and observations upon, the Criminal
Law, Lon., ISIl.
Arscott, Alex
1732.
Arthin^ton, Henry. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1592-
94. See Weever's Funeral Monuments.
Arthur, Archibald, 1744-1797, was Professor of
Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. Dis-
courses on Theolog. and Literary Subjects, (tc, (pub. by
Prof. Wm. Richardson,) 1803. — See Edin. Review, vol. iv.
168.
Arthur, Ed. Sermons on various subjects, 1783.
Arthur, Jas., d. 1670, at Lisbon, pub. a Commentary
in Latin, on the works of St. Thomas Aquinas, two vols,
folio.
" It is said that he had ten volumes more in preparation on the
ame subject." — Uosn's Bing. Did.
Arthur, M. Exposition, Critical, Doctrinal, and Prac-
tical, of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, vol. i. 17S9.
Arthur, T, S., of Philadelphia, born in 1809, near
Newburgh, Orange county, New York, is a voluminous
and highly popular writer.
We subjoin a list of a portion of his works. 1. Sketches
of Life and Character, 8vo, pp. 420. 2. Lights and Sha-
dows of Real Life. Svo, pp. 500. 3. Leaves from the Book
of Human Life. 12mo. 4. Golden Grains from Life's
Harvest-Field, I2mo. 5. The Loftons and the Pinker-
tons, I2mo. 6. Heart-Histories and Life-Pictures. 7.
Tales for Rich and Poor, 6 vols. 18mo. 8. Library for
the Household. 12 vols. ISmo. 9. Arthur's Juvenile
Library, 12 vols. IHmo. 10. Cottage Library, 6 vols.
18mo. 11. Ten Nights in a Bat-Room, 12mo. 12. Six
Upon the Christian Religion. Lon.,
Nights with the Washingtonians, ISmo. 13. Advice to
Y<iung Men, ISmo. 14. Advice to Young Ladies, ISmo.
15. Maiden. Wife, and Mother, 3 vols. ISmo. 16. Tales
of Married Lite, 3 vols. 18mo. 17. Stories of Domestic
Life, 3 vols. ISmo. 18. Tales from Real Life, 3 vols.
ISmo. 19. Tired of Housekeeping, ISmo. 20. True
Riches; or. Wealth without Wings, 12mo. 21. The Hand
but not the Heart, 12mo.
"Mr. Arthur writes very unexceptionable tales, illustrative of
American and domestic life and adapted to the capacities of the
young and xmeducated classes. All his stories inculcate a moral;
aud some of them are pleasing specimens of invention, and very
true reflections of manners in the sphere for which they are de-
signed,"— N.Y. Literary World.
22. The Good Time Coming, Phila., 1855. 12mo.
" Mr. Arthur's writings, though not of a very high order, have
yet generally had a certain genial character aud domestic tone
which have given them a wide circulation. The new volume be-
fore us, however, is calculated to be very mischievous. ThJ
author verges on Spiritualism, Swedenborgiani.sm, and Reichun-
bachism, if not actually engulfed." — N.Y. Criterion.
In connection with W. H. Carpenter, a series of his-
tories of the several States of the Union, prepared with
care, and well adapted to district, school, and rither
libraries. 23. Steps towards Heaven, N.Y'., 1S58, 12mo.
Upwards of 20 novels in cheap form.
" In the princely mansions of the Atlantic merchants and in the
rude log cabins of the backwoodsman the name of Arthur is
equally known and cherished as tho friend of virtue." — Graham's
Mag.
"The most popular of all our American writers on domestic
subjects." — Godri/s Lady's Book.
A large number of Mr. Arthur's works have been re-
published in London.
Artis, Edmund Tyrrell. Antediluvian Phytology,
illustrated by the Fossil Remains of Plants peculiar to
Coal Formations, Lon., 182.3, r. 4to, plates. They have
since been incorjiuratcd in ManteU's Pictorial Atlas, 1850.
Arthy, ]^Iliott> Seamen's Medical Advocate, Lon.,
179S.
Aruudale, F. Picturesque Tour through Jerusalem,
Mount Sinai, and the Holy Land, with maps, and 21
plates, Lon., 1S37.
Arundel, Countess of, Anne, d. 1630, married
Philip, Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower, Nov.,
1595. Mr. Lodge has rescued from oljlivion an interest-
ing copy of verses by her, produced, he thinks, by the
"■' Melancholy exit of her lord, which al)ound with the imperfect
beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong, but un-
taught, poetical fancy." — lUiis. of Brit. History, vol. iii., p. 359:
BrydgeiCs }[nn..,\i.\~Z: Park's Walix>h's Jf. dl Is'. Authors.
Arundel, Countess of, Mary, married first to
Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry
Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. She translated from English
into Latin, Sententias et prjpclera Facta Alexandri Scveri,
Imporatoris. Extant in MS. in the King's Library. De
stirte et Familia Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quse ei
portendebant Imperium.
From Greek into Latin, Selectas Sententias septem Sa-
pientum Grai?corum. Similitudines ex Platonis, Aristo-
telis, SenecEe, et aliorum Philosophorum Librls collectas.
Dedicated to her father.
" Learning had now taken a considerable flight since the days
of Edward the Fourth. Sir Thomas More mentions it as very ex-
traordinary that Jane Shore could read and write." — Park's Wal-
polr's 7?. (f N. Ajtthors.
Arundel and Surrey, Countess of, Althea
Talbot, Nature embowelled ; her choicest secrets di-
gested into receipts, whereunto are annexed many rare
and hitherto unimparted inventions, Lon., 1665, with por-
trait by Hollar.
Arundel of Wardour, Lord Henry, is credited
with "five little Meditations in verse" in A Collection of
Eighty-six loyal Poems, printed in 1685. These Medita-
tions are said to have been written whilst his lordship was
a prisoner in the Tower. (Imprisoned for the Popish
Plot.)
Aruudell, F. V. J, A Visit to the Seven Churches
in Asia, &c., Lon., 1828. Discoveries in Asia Minor, &c.,
Lon., 1834. This latter work is illustrated by references
to the preceding.
" As far as he has been able to explore the land, Mr. Arundell'a
inquiries and discoveries are well deserving of attention." — Xite-
rar>/ Gmrttp.
Aruudell, J. Sermon on death of Rev. E. Williams,
1813.
Arvine, Kazlitt. Cyclopiedia of Anecdotes of Lite-
rature and Fine Arts. Containing a copious and choice
selection of anecdotes of the various forms of literature,
of the arts of architecture, engravings, music, poetry,
painting and sculpture, and of the most celebrated literary
characters and artists of different countries and ages, Ac.
71
ARW
With numerous illustrations. 725 pp. octavo. Boston, 185-1.
Cyclopajdia of Moral and Rclisiuus Anecdotes, of whicli
EBveral edits, have been pub. in Lon., 8vo, and N. Y., 8vo.
Anvarker, E. Thcolog. and other works, Lon.,
1GS6-17IIS.
Ascham, or Askam, Anthony, a physician and
ecclesiastic, was the author of A lytcl Treatyse of Astro-
nomy, Lon., 1552, which ran through many editions.
" It is .1 very poorly-wiittL-n tract, and scarcely deserves a notice
in tlie real history of Entrlish science."
A Litllc Herbal of the Properties of Herbes, Lon., 1550.
Ascham, Anthony, murdered 1650, at Madrid, by
six English Royalists, was the author of a work entitled
Of the Confusion and Revolutions of Government, ic.
Lon., 1643. Bishop Sanderson wrote a censure of this
work.
Ascham, Roger, 1515?-156S, was born at Kirby-
Wiske, a village near Northallerton, in Yorkshire. In
1630, he entered St. John's Coll., Cambridge, where he
displayed great aptness in acquiring the Greek and Latin
languages. Dr. Metcalf, the master, he informs us, was
" a man meanly learned himself, hut not meanly affec-
tioned to set forward learning in others, and I lacked not
his favour to further me in learning." In the ISth year
of his age he was chosen Fellow of his college. In 1514
he succeeded Sir John Cheke as public orator of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, and was made by King Edward VI.
his secretary for the Latin tongue. In the controversy
concerning the right pronunciation of the Greek language,
Ascham opposed the method introduced by Sir Thomas
Smith and Sir John Cheke, but aftcvw.ards espoused their
opinion and practice. " It is probable that it is in part
owing to the ingenuity with which he defended it, (see his
letter to Ilubertus Laiiguetus,) that this mode of pronun-
ciation was generally adopted, and has since prevailed in
the schools of England." In 1548, the Princess Elizabeth
called Ascham from his college to direct her studies. He
instructed his pupil in the learned languages with great
diligence and success for two years, during which time he
read with her the greater part of Cicero and Livy, the se-
lect orations of Socrates, the plays of Sophocles, and the
Greek Testament.
In 1550, he tr.avelled for three years on the Continent,
as secretary to Sir Richard Morysine, who was appointed
ambassador to the Emperor Charles V. Who that has
ever perused it can forget bis deeply-interesting descrip-
tion of his visit, before his departure, to Lady Jane Grey ?
The place at which she then resided was her father's seat
at Broadgate. in Leicestershire. Ascham found that the
hall was deserted : the family were engaged in hunting in
the park, and he discovered, after some search. Lady
Jane, then in her 14th year, in her apartment, deeply im-
mersed in the Pha;do of Plato ! " with as much delight
as some gentlemen would read a merry tale in Boccacc."
The worthy Ascham, however delighted at such devotion
to the studies he was himself so much in love with, could
not conceal his surprise at the choice of this very young
lady. After the first compliments, he asked her why she
" lost such pastime as there must needs be in the park ?"
At which, smiling, she answered, " I wist all their sport is
hut a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas,
good folk! they never felt what true pleasure meant!"
This "naturally leading him to inquire how a child of her
age had attained to such a depth of pleasure both in the
Plat«nio language and philosophy," she made him (Mr.
Ascham himself tells us) the following remarkable reidy :
" I will tell you," quoth she, " and tell you truth, which,
perchance, you will m.arvel at. One of the greatest bene-
fits which ever God gave me, is that he sent so sharp and
severe parents, and so gentle a schoolmaster. For when
I am in presence either of father or mother, whether I
speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go ; eat, drink, be merry,
or sad ; be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing any thing
else, I must do it, as it were, in such weight, measure,
and number, and even so perfectly, as God made the
world, or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threat-
ened, yea, presently, sometimes with pinches, nips, and
bobs, (or other ways, which I will not name, for the honour
I bear them,) so without measure disordered, that I think
myself in hell, till time come that I must go to Mr. El-
mer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, with fair
allurements to learning, that I think all the time nothing
while I am with him; and when I am called from him, I
fall a-weeping, because whatsoever I do else but learning,
is full of grief, trouble, fear, and wholly misliking unto
me • and this my book hath been so much my pleasure,
and bringcth daily to me more pleasure, and more yet !
72
ASC
In respect to it, all other pleasures, in very deed, he but
trifles and troubles unto me!" — .4«c/in7ii's Sr)i'i<jlmaslcr.
Ascham dwells with great pleasure upon this interview in
an epistle to his friend Sturmins. This learned young
lady promised to write him a letter in Greek upon condi-
tion of his sending her one first from the emperor's court.
In a letter to Lady Jane, he assures her that, among all
the agreeable varieties which he had' met with iu his tra-
vels abroad, nothing had occurred to raise his admiration
like that incident in the preceding summer, when he found
her, a young maiden, by birth so noble, in the absence of
her tutor, and in the sumptuous house of her most nolilt
father, at a time, too, when all the rest of the family,
both male and female, were regaling themselves with the
pleasures of the chase—" I found," continues he, " 0 Ju-
piter and all ye gods ! I found, I say, the divine virgin
diligently studying the divine Phaulo in the original
Greek. Happier certainly in this respect than in being
descended, both on the father and mother's side, from
kings and queens." On the accession of Queen Mary, ho
was ajipointed Latin secretary to her Majesty, the same
post which he held Ibrmerly under Edward VI., and. sub-
sequently, under Elizabeth. No better proof is needed of
his facility in Latin composition. Of this we have suffi-
cient evidence in the fact that in three days he wrote
forty-seven despatches to foreign personages of the highest
rank, on the subject of electing Cardinal Pole to the
papal chair. In 1554, he resigned his Fellowship, and
m.arried Miss Margaret Howe, a young lady of good
family.
His last illness has been ascribed to too close applica-
tion to the composition of a Latin poem, which he designed
for the Queen on the New-Year's day of 1569. He ex-
pired on the .'iOth December, 1568, " universally lamented."
Queen Elizabeth was one of the loudest mourners, and
declared that she would "rather have lost ten thousand
pounds than her tutor Ascham." He was interred in St.
Sepulchre's Church : .and his funeral sermon was preached
by Dr. .\lex. Nowel. Dean of St. Paul's. Buchanan drew
a'character of his friend in the following epigram:
" Aschamuni extinctum patria; Gra'caque
Kt Latitia> vera cum pretate doleiit.
IViucipilvus vixit carus, jucundus amicis.
Ke modica ; in mores diccre tama nequit."
Anthony Wotid speaks of liim as " leavins behind him this cha-
racter by a learned person, that he inter primes nostm? nationis
literas Lati'-.as et Gra-cas, stylique puritatem cum eloqucntise
laude excoluit." ,..,., i, ,.
" He had a Cicile .and fluent Latin style, (not like those who,
countini; obscurity to be clcpancy. weed out all the hard words
thev meet in authors :) witness his ' Epistles,' which some say are
the' only Latin ones extant of any Engli.shman, and if so. the more
the pity. What loads have we ofletters from foreign pens, as it no
author were complete without those necessary appurtenances!
Whilst surely our Knulishmen write (though not so many) as
iinod as any other nation. In a word, his 'Toxophilus' is ac-
counted a good book for ynung men. his ' Fchoolmaster' for oM
men, his ' Epistles' for oH men."— J'uH.TS iror(/««.
Aseham's first publication (not his first work) was elicited
by the censure with which some meddlesome people thought
proper to rebuke his love of archery. It is entitled " Toxo-
philus ; the Scho(d and Partitions of Shooting." (1544.)
The author embraced the opportunity thus presented of
teaching to his countrymen the as yet undeveloped riches
of their native tongue. .
" lie designed not only to teach the art of shooting, but to givB
an example of diction more natural and ncn- truly KUL'lish than
was used by the common writers of that ivjk: whom he censures
for mingling exotic terms with their native Kiiiguage. and of whom
he complains that they were made authors, not by skill or educa-
tion, luit by .arrogance and temerity. He has not tailed iu either
of bis purp'oses." — Dr. .Johnson.
He has been called "The Father of Englhsh Prose."
Certain it is that " previous to the exertions of Ascham,
verv few writers can be mentioned as aft'ording any model
for English stylo. If we except the translati<ra of Frois-
sart by Bourciiier. Lord Berners, in 1620, and the History
of Richard IIL. by Sir Thomas More, certainly composi-
tions of great merit, we shall find it difficult to produce .an
author of much value for his vernacular prose. On the
contrary, very soon after the appearance of the 'Toxo-
philus,'" we find harmony and beauty in English stylo em-
phatically praised and enjoined." — Dr. Drake.
So unfashionable was it at this time for the learned to
condescend to the use cpf English, that Ascham prefaces
his work by an apology for writing in his own languiige,
doubting not that he should be blamed for
■• Writing it in the English tongue. ... As for the Latin or
Greek tongue, every thing is so excellently done in them, that
none can do better;' in the English tongue, contrary, every thing
in a m.anner so meanly both for the matter and handling, that no
mau can do worse. . ". . Ho that will write well iu any t«ngue
ASC
ASG
must follow this counsel of Aristotle: to sppak as the (.■ommon
people do. to think as «ise men do: as so should every man uu-
dei'staud him. and the judf^ment of wise men allnw him."
The book is a diiilogue supported by Pbilologus, a stu-
dent, and Toxophiiiis, a lover of archery. We have a
modification of the practice of the art, the reguhitious which
should go\eni it, and its inestimable aihantages for va-
rious piu-poses. The modest archer, with true humility,
acknowledges that he had not done his weighty subject
full justice.
Tox. : *' This communication handled of me, Philologe, as I know
well, not pfi-titf ly, yet, as I suppose trulye. you must take in good
worthe; wherein, if divers thinges do not altogether please you,
thancke yourselfe, which would rather have me faulte in mei-e
follye, to take that thinge in hand, which I was not able for to
perfourme, than by any shame Cist nesse with-saye your request and
minde, whith I know wf 11 1 have not satisfyed."
The enthusiastic son of the bow, with an admirable
stroke of policy, lets his friend understand that he has no
desire to monopolize "The seat of Gamaliel," but he will
be glad "to occupy the place of the unlearned," and pro-
mises to he a patient auditor when Philologe shall himself
think proper to ** hold forth :"
"Hut yet 1 will thincke this labourof myne the better bestowed,
if to-morrow, or some other day when you have leysure. you will
speude as murh time with me here in this same place, in entreat-
ing the question df, irrigine ammcE. and the joyniug of it with the
bodye, that 1 maye knowe howe lane Plato, Aristotle, and the
Stycians have wailed in it.'
The worthy Philologe would be hard-hearted indeed not
to he exceedingly amiable on the reception of so delicate
a compliment as this ; accordingly he replies, with evident
complacency :
'■ How you have handled this matter. Toxnphile, T may not well
tell you myselfe now, but for your gent Ienesseaiiil,;r<)i)d-\\ ill towards
learninge and shootinge. I wilt be content to shrwr \ uu anye plea-
sure whensoever you will ; and nowethe suiine is il"\v nr. tlierefore,
if it please you. we will go home and drincke in my chamber, and '
then I will tell you plainlye what I thincke of this communica-
tion, and also what daye we will appoiute, at your request, for the
other matter to meete here, againe."
" The Schole Master," pub. 1571, (colophon, 1573,) was
written at the suggestion of Sir Richard Sackville. The title
of this excellent work is the best indication of its object.
"The Schole Master, or plaine and perfite way of teaching chil-
dren to understand, write, and speak, the Latin Tonge, but spe-
cially purposed for the private bringing up of Youth in lentleiuen
and Noblemen's houses, and commodious also for all such as have
forgot the Latin Tonge. and would, by themselves, without a
schole master, in short time, and with small paines. recouer a suf-
ficient habilitie to understand, write, and spi-ak Latin. At Lon-
don, printed by John Daye. dwelling over Akii r^Lrate, Lnn.. 1671."
'* A book that will be always useful, and e^ tilasriii^ily »'>teemed
on account of the goud sense, judicious observati'iiis. i\i client cha-
racters of ancient authors, and many pleasant and jfiulitaljle pas-
sages of English history ,which are plentifully strewed therein." —
Dr.Campbei.i,.
" Perhaps the best advice that ever was given for the study of
languages." — Dr. Johnson.
'■A more interesting and judicious treatise has not appeared
upon the subject in any language." — Dr. Drake.
" The work is strongly expressive of the author's humanity and
good sense, and abounds with proofs of extensive and accurate
erudition. It contains excellent practical advice, particularly on
the method of teaching classical learning." — Cunningham s Biog.
Hi&tortj.
'• The writings of the learned and judicious Ascham possess, both
in style and matter, a value whiL-h must not be measured by their
inconsiderable bulk. Their language is pure, idiomatic, vigorous
English; they exhibit gre^it variety of knowledge, remarkable sa-
gacity, and sound common sense." — Spalding.
" Ascham is a tliorough-bred philologist, and of the purest water.
. . . After Ascham and AVilson, we look in vain, during the mid-
dle of the sixteenth century, for any names equally illustrious in
the annals of English philolngv." — Dr. Dirdin.
"Ascham is a gnat naiiu- in our national literature. He was
one of the first founders of a true English style in prose composi-
tion, and one of the most respectable and useful of our scholars.
He was amongst the first to reject the use of foreign words and
Idioms — a fashion, which in the reign of Henry the Eighth, began
to be so prevalent, that the authors of that day, by ' usinge
straunge wordcs. as Latine, Frenche. and Italian, did make all
thinges darke and harde.' ... As a scholar, he was acute, leJirned,
and laborious." — lietrns. Revinv, vol. iv. p. 76.
It is truly remarkable that the English works of Ascham
seem for so long a period to have been almost entirely for-
gotten ! Dr. Johnson truly remarks :
" That his English works have been so long neglected, is a proof
of the uncertainty of literary lame. He was scarrely known as an
author in his own language till Mr. Upton published his School-
Master with learned notes. His other pieces were read only by
those few %vho delight in obsolete books."
The Life of Ascham, and the Dedication to the Earl of
Shaftesbury, prefixed to Bennet's edition of his English
works. (Lon.. 1761.) were written by Dr. Johnson.
Apologia pro Ciena Dominica contra Missam, Ac, Lon-
dini, 1577. With dedication to the Earl of Leicester, some
hexameters, and an epistle to the reader. Reprint., 1587.
Epistolarum Libri tres, Ac, Londiui, 1587, dedicated to
Queen Elizabeth. Reprinted, 15S1. Ibid, edidit Elstob.
Oxon., 17ti;i. with a frontispiece by M. Burghers, contain-
ing ten English portraits, and the author reading to Queen
Elizabeth. Considered the best edition of the Letters:
poems not included. These Letters are held in gi-eat
esteem for style and matter, and are one of the few classi-
cal collections of the kind written by Englisbmcu. Warton
considers that *' the Latinity of Ascham's prose has little
elegance," but we have seen Buchanan's commendation in
the Epigram quoted ante.
A Report and Discourse of the Affaires and State of
Germany, and the Emperor Charles his Court, durying
certaine j'ears, (1550-1552.) The result of Ascham's per-
sonal observations when attached to the embassy to the
emperor. Dr. Campbell praises this Report as
" One of the most delicate pieces of history that ever was penned
in our language, evincing its author to have been a man as capable
of shining in the cabinet as in the closet."
One of the two editions bears date 1570, the other is
sine aniin.
The Rev. John Walters pub. in 1588 a reprint of the
first edition of Toxophilus, with extracts from books sub-
sequent to the date of its appearance.
Ascheton, William. See AssnETox.
Ascu, E. Historic, containing the Warres, Treatises,
Marriages, and other Occurents, between England and
Scotland, from King William the Conqueror, untill the
happy union of them both in King James, 1607.
A^igill, John. An Apologetical Oration, on an extra-
ordinary occasion, Lou., 1760.
"A pretty respectable defence of Lord George Sackville." — Watt.
Asgilly John, d. 17;'i8, at an advanced age, was a
lawyer, and the author of a number of books, pub. Lon.,
1700-1727. He is remarkable as having been subjected
to much persecution in consequence of a work pub. in 1700,
entitled Argument, proving that Men may be translated to
Heaven without dying, according to the Covenant of Eter-
nal Life, revealed in the Scriptures, although the Human
Nature of Christ himself could not thus be translated till
he had passed through Death. This unfortunate publica-
tion, which a later judgment has pronounced rather absurd
than impious, was condemned by Dr. Sacheverell as "one
of the blasphemous writings which induced him to think
the church in danger." He sat as a member of the Irish
House of Commons only four days, when he was expelled
for this performance. Returning to England he was chosen
membertbrBramber, county of Sussex, in 1705. In 1707,
he was expelled from his seat upon a representation of a
committee of which Edward Harley, Esf|.. was chairman,
that the book " contained several blasplicnmns expressions,
and seemed to be intended to ridienic the Sn iptures."
" From this time his affairs grew muri' drsjuTatt^ and he was
obliged to retire first to tb.- Mint, and then became a prisoner in
the King's Bench, but rennn.d hiiiis.lf thence to the Fleet, and in
the rules of one or other fif thcsr pri-nns continued thii'ty years.''
Among the principal of his works were : Several Asser-
tions Proved, in order to create another Species of Money
than Gold or Silver. An Essay on a Registry for Titles
of Lands, 1771. This work is written in a very hu-
morous style. The Succession of the House of Hanover
Vindicated, Lon., 17H. This was an answer to Mr. Bed-
ford's famous book. Dr. Southey is disposed to think that
Asgill's theological treatise which gave so much offence,
was the result of a professional habit of mind, which led
him to take nothing for granted, but induced him to ex-
amine every question critically for his own satisfaction.
" The whole strength of his mind was devoted to his profession, in
which he had so completely trammelled and drilled his intellectual
powers, that he at length acquired a habit of looking at all sub-
jects in a legal point of view. lie could find Haws in an hereditary
crown. But it was not to seek flaws that he studied the Bible : ha
studied it to see whether he could not claim, under the Old and
New Testament, something move than was considered to be his
share."
For copious extracts from Asgill's Argument, see The
Doctor : part the Second. Asgill, in contending that men
had made a great mistake in dying for so many years,
only because they thought they were obliged to die, had
to admit that the evidence told strongly against him ! He
was not able to deny that "this custom of the world to
die, hath gained such a prevalency over our minds by pre-
possessing us of the necessity of death, that it stands ready
to swallow my argument whole without digesting it." Yet
nothing daunted by this startling fact, of men's daily in-
sisting upon dying, he stoutly contends that *• the custom
of the world to die is no argument one way or other \"
He explains all this in a trice, by declaring that the
dominion id' death is supported by our fear of it, "' by which
it bath bullied the world to this day." We have seen
that his ungrateful contemporaries, not appreciating hia
73
ASH
friendly efforts to extend their lonsevity, punished, in-
stead of rewarding, him, and insisted upon following their
old custom with that pertinacious adherence to the man-
ners of their forefathers for which Englishmen have been
always proverbial. Asgill no doubt pitied their delusion,
and deplored their folly, as he saw Ihem dropping ofl" one
by one ; and as he is said to have almost attained his 100th
year, perhaps the new generation were beginning to sus-
pect that Lawyer Asgill was not so far wrong after all, and
that their progenitors had the weak side of an argument
to which they had yielded themselves martyrs. But death
had only •• stayed e.\ecution," not '• abandoned his claim ;"
and, in November, 1738, Asgill was forced to be a witness
against himself, and, to use old Anthony Wood's favourite
phrase, he " gave way to fate," to prove, we trust, the truth
of the old motto which he so much censured, that '* Death
is the Gate of Life," the entrance to a blissful immortality,
to those who by " patient continuance in well-doing, have
waited their appointed time till their change come," justi-
fied, sanctified, and made meet for the " inheritance of the
saints in light." Wo believe Asgill to have been a good
man, but one who had
" Found it pleasant
To sail, like Pyrrho, on a sea of speculation,"
nntil fancy had usurped the province of reason, and the
deductions of judgment been displaced by the vagaries of
the imagination.
Ash, Charles. Adbaston: a Poem, 1814.
Ash, Edward, M.D. d. 1829, conducted a weekly
paper, published in numbers, entitled The Speculator, 1790.
'* He amused himself with the elegancies of literature, and .as-
sisted the College of Physicians in the anan^ement and stvle of
their oftici.al papers and publications; but he did not publish any
work oa medical science," — Hose's Biog. Diet.
Ash, St. George, Bishop of Cloyne, 1658-1717, pub.
six sermons separately, 1694-1718 ; and contributed to the
Phil. Trans., 1684-98. Ho was a member of the Royal
Society,
Ash, John. Account of Affairs in Carolina, 1703,
Ash, John, M.D„ 172,1-1798, of Trinity Coll., O.xf.,
attained great eminence in his profession. He practised
for many ye.ars in Birmingham and London, In 17S8 he
piib. (the result of his own investigations) E.\periments
and Observations to investigate by Chemical Analysis the
Medicinal Properties of the Mineral Waters of Spa and
Aix-la-Chapelle, in (icrmany ; and of the Waters and Bone
near St. Amand, in French Flanders, Dr, Ash was founder
and president of the celebrated Eumelian club, of which
Sir Joshua Reynolds. Mr, AVindham. Boswell, and others,
were meraticrs. See Boswell's Life of Johnson.
A.sh, John, LL.D., 1724-1779, a dissenting minister
at Pershore in Worcestershire, pub. several works, 17C0-
77, the principal of which is, A New and Complete Eng-
lish Dictionary, Lon., 1775. 2 vols. 8vo.
" The plan was extensive beyond any thins; of the kind ever
attempted, and perhaps embraced much more than was necessary,
or useful. It is valualile. however, as containing a very lart;e pro-
portion of obsolete words, and such provincial or caut words as
have crept info treneral use." — Ch.\lmers.
Ash, T. Entick's Spelling Diet, abridged.
Ashburnrr, A. ill. Sermon at Ordination of the late
Sir Harry Trelawney, 1777,
Ashbiirnhani, John, 1603-1671, Narrative of his
Attendance on King Charles I.. Lon., 1830.
"This work is valuable from throwinf; much li;,'ht on a portion
of history which has hitherto been involved in unusual obscu-
rity."— XrtH. Alh<n<Fuin.
Ashbnrnham, Wm. Restoration of the Jews, A
Poem, Lon., 1794. Elegiac Sonnets, Ac, Lon. ,1795.
Ashbnrnham, Sir Wm., Bishop of Chichester, Ser-
mons pub, separately, 1745-64.
Ashby, George, an Engli.sh poet of the reign of
Henry VI. He wrote, for the instruction of Prince Eilward,
a poem on the Active Policy of a Prince, A copy is pre-
served among the MSS, in the Public Library of the
University of Cambridge. Its author states that he wrote
it in his eightieth year. — Ritsox.
Ashby, George, 1724-1808, an English divine and
antii|uary, educated at St. John's Coll. Camb.. was a valu-
able contributor to several important works. Bishop Percy,
Mr. tiranger, Richard Gough, and a number of others,
acknowledged his intelligent aid, Mr. Ashby was the
Suffolk clergyman spoken of so handsomely by the Rev.
Thomas Harmer, in his preface to the third volume of Ob-
servations on Script\ne. James Barringtnn refers to his
assistance in his work on the Statutes, ed. 1775, p. 12; and
Mr. Nichols remarks that,
-T.) this respectat)le divine. I have repeatediv expressed mv ob-
ligations in tho course of the Uistory of Leiceslieishire, for prompt
18,
ASH
1 and useful information on every subject of literature. Pee par*
ticularly his Dissertation on the Leicester Mililary, vol. i. p. lo.^.-'
But he is best known to the lover of literary history, as
"1. F." [Taylor's Friend,] the author of many spicy notes
in Nichols's Life of Boyer, the precursor of that invaluable
magazine of entertainment and information, Nichols's
LiTER.\RV Anecdotes,
Ashby, Sir John. His and Rear Admiral Rook'a
Account of the Engagement at Sea, between the Dutch,
English, and French Fleets, June, 1690, Lon., 1691.
Ashby, Richard, a Quaker. A Sermon preached on
no tc.\t, at St. Martin's Le Grand, Feb. 16, 1693, Lon,, 1694.
Ashby, Saml. The Young Analyst's Exercise, Lon.,
1741,
Ashdowne, J. Ch. Warden's and Overseer's Guide,
135.
Ashdowne, Win. Theolog. Works, 1777-98.
Ashe. Sermons, 1741,
-4she, Isaac. The Book of Revelation, with com-
pendious notes, Ac, Dublin, 1834.
"The author has so condensed the result of his reading, as to
present in a very brief and convenient form all that is worth pos-
sessing in the voluminous writin.Lrs of those who have addicted
themselves to the study of tho prophetic Scriptures."— iwi. Evan-
gelical Mag.
Ashe, J. Life of William Bagshaw, 1704,
Ashe, Jonathan. The Masonic Manual, or Lectures
on Free Masonry, 1S13.
Ashe, Nicholas. Panthia; a Tragedy, 1803.
Ashe, Robert Iloadlv, D.D, Poet. Trans, by J.
Brown, a boy eleven years old, 1787. Letter to John
Milner, relative to Bishop Uoadly, 1799.
"An excellent scholar." — iSiciioLS,
Ashe, Simeon, d. 1662, a Puritan divine temp.
Charles I. and the Commonwealth. He pub, separately
several sermons, Lon., 1642-55, and wrote prefaces to va-
rious works.
" He was a Christian of the primitive simplicity, and a Xoncon-
formist of the old stamp. He was eminent for a holy life, a cheei^
ful mind, and a fluent elejrancy in pi-ayer." — Da. Cal.vmy.
Ashe, Thos., of Gray's Inn, pub, a number of works
intended as Indexes, &c. to the Year Books and Law Re-
ports, Lon,, 1602-33. In 1618 appeared his Fasciculus
Florum ; or an handful of flowers gathered out of the
several books of the Right Hon. Sir Edward Coke. Hia
Promptuaire was pub. in 1614.
"By the helpe thereof, that which was heretofore confused, full
of paines. and ambiguous, will now become short, plain, easy, and
compendious."
" The author seems to have had a passion for writinp: Indexes
and Digests, which he prepared with great cite, but which are now
of couiitaratively little use." — Marvin's Lrgal BtU., which see.
Ashe, Thos. Carolina; or. Description of the Present
State of that Country, Ac, Lon,, 1682. See Hist, Coll. of
South Carolina, by B, K. Carroll, N,Y., 1836, 2 vols. 8vo.
Ashe, Thos., Esq., pub. several works, Lon., 1808-
12. Travels in America in ISOii, Lon., 1808.
" He has spoiled a good book by eugraftiug incredible stories on
authentic facts." — Lon. Quarterly Review.
Life and Corresp. of Thos," Ashe, 1814, 3 vols, p. Svo.
Ashebnrne, Thos., wrote in 1384 (in tho Cottonian
MS. Ap. vii.) a religious poem. De Contcmptu Mundi.
Asheton, Wni. See Assiieton.
Ashhurst, Sir II. Life of Rev. N, Haywood, 1695.
Ashhur.st, Sir W. H. Charge to the Grand Jurv,1792.
Ashley. Tho Art of Painting, A-c. in Glass, 1801.
Ashley, Anthony. The Mar"iner's Mirror, Ac, 1588.
Ashley, Henry. The Doctrine and Prac. of Attach-
ment in the Mayor's Court, Lon. 2d ed. Lon., 1819.
Ashley, John, A work rel. to Brit, Col. in America,
Lon., 1740.
Ashley, Jonathan, 1713-1780, minister at Dcerfield,
Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, <tc,, 1741-45.
Ashley, Itobt., 1505-1641, translated a number of
works into English; 1. Urania, a Celestial Muse, Lon.,
1589. 2. Of the Interehangeablo Course, 1594. 3. Al-
mansor, 1627. 4, Cochin China, 1633. 5. David Perse-
cuted.
Ashmand, J. i»I, Trans. Ptolemy's Tertrabiblos, or
Quadriparti, ,tc., Lon.. 1822.
Ashmcad, John W. Reports in the Courts of Com-
mon Pleas, (Quarter Sessions, Oyer and Terminer, and
Orphan's Court of the First District of Pennsylvania,
2 vols. Svo, Philada., 1S3S-41.
"The second volume contains miiny abjudications of law and
of equity decided after the act of June 10, WM. by which exten-
sive equity powers were conferred upon the judges of this court,
" Mr. Ashmcad appears to have performed his task with accu-
racy and general , are."'
Ashmole, Elias, 1617-1693, the founder of the Ash-
moleau Museum at Oxford, a celebrated philosopher, an-
ASH
ASH
tiqunry. nnrl rhemist, was born at Lichfield, in Stafford-
shire. In 1(541 he became attorney of the Cnmmon Picas,
lu iOU he entA;red himself of Braseuosc College, Oxford,
where he zealously devoted himself to the study of Mathe-
matics, Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy. Upon his
return to Loudon, he became an associate of Moore, Lilly,
Booker, and other astrologers and Rosicrucianists, the
effects of which studies were seen by his publication, in
1650. of Dr. Arthur Dee's Fasciculus Chemicus; together
with another tract of the same character, by an unknown
author. In 1652 appeared his Theatrum Chemicum Bri-
tannicum. a collection of the works of such English Chem-
ists as had remained in manuscript. In a letler to Mr.
(afterwards Sir William) Dugdale, whom he accompanied
in his Purvey of the Fens, he gives an account of the
Roman Road called Bennevanmt, in Antoniuus's Itinerary.
In 1655 or 165S he began to collect materials for his
History of the Institutions, Laws, and Ceremonies of the
most Noble Order of the Garter, which he published in
1672: upon presenting a copy to King Charles IL, he
granted him a privy seal for £100. In 1679 he lost, by a
fire, a collection of 9000 coins, a fine library, and many
curiosities. In 16S2, the University of Oxford having
prepared a building for their reception, he sent thither his
collection of coins, medals, <tc. ; and at his death the Ash-
molean Museum was still further enriched by the bequest
of the books and MSS. of the learned founder. His His-
tory of Berkshire was published after his death {in 1715)
in 3 vols, folio, and is not thought to do the author justice. I
■' lly was the greatest virtuoso and curioso that ever was known
or H'ad of in Kogland before his time. Ujnor SrAu took up its
hal'itatinn la his breast, and in his bosom the great God did i
abundantly store up the treasures of all sorts of wisdom and '
knowlL'dge. Much of his time, when he was in the prime of his j
years, was spent in chemistry ; in which faculty, bt-ing accounted !
fe,mo«s. he did worthily deserve the title of Mercurio philus An-
glicus." — lVi}od\'i Athlon. Oxon.
Ashmole's Diary, reprinted at the end of Lilly's History
of his Life and Times in 1774, "abounds so much in ab-
surd and whimsical facts as to be almost an injury to Ash-
mole's memory." Ashmole was thrice married; his third
wife was the daughter of his friend. Sir William Dugdale.
The History of the Order of the Garter
" Was his tireatest undertaking, and had he published nothing
else, would have preserved his memory, as it certainly is, in its
kind, one of the most valuable books in our language." — Cualmeks.
The work " obtained great applause, not only from his
majesty, but from all the Knights Companions, and others
attached to studies of that kind."
Among other Knights Companions who testified their
approbation of our author's performance, was Christierne,
King of Denmark, who sent to Ashmole a gold chain with I
a medal hanging to it. |
'* Whereupon Mr. Ashmole showing it to his majesty, his ma-
jesty commanded him to wear it: which hw accordingly did in
some public solemnities that followed. . . Frederick William, I
Prince Elector of the Empire, was so exceedingly taken with it, '
that he not only sent to the author a golden chain of 90 Phila-
green links, in great knotts most curiously worked, with a gold
medal banging to it, containing on one side his father's picture,
and <in the other an escutcheon of his arms, but took order that
it should be transLited into the Dutch language; but whether it
was so, I cannot yet t-ell, for I have not yet seen it." — Wood.
For an analysis of this work, see Oldys's British Libra-
rian, p. 119-26; and see an interesting correspondence
between Earl Harcourt and Richard Gough, in Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi. p. 324, in which the subject of
females wearing the Order of the Garter is considered. In
Thoresby's Diary, wo find a notice calculated to excite
pensive emotions, of a visit paid by him to the former
residence of Ashmole:
'■June 1, 1712. In our return, passing by the house where Mr.
Ashmole once lived, we visited the widow, who showed us the re-
mains of Mr. Tradescant's rarities, amongst which some valuable
shflls and Indian curiosities."
With what delight would the master of these " rarities,"
the great ** virtuoso and curioso," have displayed them to
this kindred spirit ! How would he have expatiated upon
those wonderful "Coynes and Meddals" which Anthony
Wood describes with such true antiquarian gusto ! Like
Hezeklah, he would doubtless have " shewed them all the
house of his precious things, the silver and the gold, and
the spices and the precious ointment, and all the house of
his armour, and all that was found in his treasures : there
was nothing in his house" that he would have *' shewed
them not." But let us not forget, that although it was a
woman's province to gratify the erudite taste of Ralph
Thoresby, by displaying these antiquarian rarities, that
woman was the widow of Elias Ashmole and the daugh-
ter of Sir William Dugdale!
Ashmore. Views in Scotland, Perth, 179-t.
Ashmore, John, an English poetof the early part of
the 17th century. Tlie only wnrk ut his extant, is. Certain
Selected Odes of Horace Englished, Ac, Lnn., 1021. The
Epigrammes, Ac. consist principally of short addresses
"To Several of the author's patrons and frii-nds, extvpt a few
more translations at the end. dedicated to Sir Thomas \\ hai'ton,
son and heir of Philip. Lurd Whiirton." — Censura Litt-ruria, which
see for further descriptinn.
Ashmore, Thos. Work upon Bk. of Eng., Lon., 1774.
Ashmun, Jehudi, 1794-1828, agent of the American
Colonization Society, pub. The Memoirs of Rev. Samuel
Bacon, and some papers in the African Repository.
Ashton, Charles, 1665-1752, admitted of Queen's
Cull. Camb., 1682, was an eminent scholar. He con-
tributed anonymously to the Bibliotheca Literaria of
Wasse, Ac. ; wrote some treatis^es upon ecclesiastical an-
tiquities, and prepared for the press an edition of Justin
Martyr, publij^hed after his death bv Mr. Kellcft.
Ashton, G, The Prisoners Plaint, Lon., 1623.
Ashton, J. Answer to the Paper delivered by him at
his execution to Sir Win. Child j and the paper itself,
Lon., 1601).
Ashton, J. The Christian Expositor, Lon., 1774, etc.
Ashton, J. Conscience: a Tragedy, 1815.
Ashton, P. Translated A short Treatise upon the
Turke's Chronicle: printed by Whitechurch, Lon., 1546.
Ashton, R. See Aston, R.
Ashton, Sophia Goodrich, b. 1S19, Mass., daughter
of Rev. C. A. Goodrich. Mothers of the Bible; Series of
Juveuiles.
Ashton, Thos., b. 16.11, a Fellow of Brasenose Col-
lege, Oxf. Wood calls him a ** forward and conceited
scholar, and a malapert in and near Oxford." Pert enough
he seems to have been from the titles of his two little books
directed against Colonel Mason, the Governor of Jersey :
1. Blood-thirsty Cyrus unsatisfied with blood, Ac, 1659.
2. Satan in Samuel's Mantle, Ac, 1659.
Ashton, Thos., 1716-1775, of Eton and King's Coll.
Camb., puli. Sermons separately, 1745-70 ; and some let-
ters and pamphlets : On the question of electing Aliens
into the vacant places in Eton College, 1771. See a letter
addressed to him by Horace Walpole from Florence.
Ashton, Walter, Serm. on Ps. ciii. 1, Lon., 1623.
Ashton, M'illiam. See Asshkton.
AshAvell, George, 1612-1693, rector of HanwcU, in
Oxfordshire, pub. Fides Apostolica, Oxon., 1653; Gestus
Eucharisticns, Oxon., 1663; De Socino et Sociauismo,
Oxon., 1680; De Eeclesia, Oson.. 1688. He also trans.
Philosophus Antodidactus, Lon., 1686. Wood gives him
a high character :
"This iMr. Ashwell. who was a quiet and pious man. and every
way worthy of his function, had been an excellent logician, and
of a very rational head and understanding, was also well n-ad in
the Fathers and Schoi>lmen. and, therefore, very much valued by
Divines whose learoing lay that way."
Ashwell, John, Prior of Newnham Abbey, near
Bedford. "The Letters which Johan Ashwell. Prionr of
Newnham Abbey besydes Bcdforde. sente secretley to the
Byshope of Lyncolue. M.B.XXVIL Where in the
sayde Pryour accnseth George Joye, that Tyme beyng
Felow of Peter College in Cambrydge, of fewer opinions:
with the Answerc of the sayde George unto the same opi-
nions."
"At Straszburge 10 Daye of June. Thys lytell Boke
be dely wered to Johan Ashwell, Priour of Newnha Abbey,
besydes Bcdforde, with Spede.'*
This work is of great interest, not only to the biblio-
grapher, and lover of rare works, but as connected with
the history of one of the first men who stood forth in
England, and boldly advocated the '' universal dift'usion"
of the gospel. The Prior of Newnham accused Joye of
I heresy, and Joye answers the charge.
I " lie was a great friend to Master Tiudall. and. therefore, per-
i fectly hatted by Wolsey, Fisher, and Sir Thomas More. The par-
' titulars of his sufferings, if known, would justly advani'c him
into the reputation of a confessor. He translated some parts of
the Bible into Knglish. and wrote many works, reckoned up l.y
Hale. Xotwithstanding many machinations against his life, lie
found his coffin where he fetched his cradle, ' in sua patriii se^l-
tus,'. being peaceably buried in his native country, 1553, the hist
ytiar of King Kdward the SLxth." — FuUfi-'s Worffiies.
For an interesting account of Ashwell's Letters, &c.,
1 see the Ketn.spective Review, N.S., vol. ii.
AshAvell, Samuel, M.D. 1. Diseases Peculiar
to Women, Lou., 8vo ; Phila,, Svo. 2. Parturition,
, Svo. See Goddard, Paul B., M.D.
1 Ashwell, Thos., Compos, of Church Music, temp.
Hen. YIH. ^
j AshAVood, Bart. The Heavenly Trade, Lon., 16S8,
I Ashwood, John. Discourses, 1707.
75
ASH
Ashworth, Caleb, 1721-1775, presided for 23 years
over tlij; I'isseiiting theological institution estaljlisbed
uiK.u Coward's Foundation. Ur. Doddridge in his last
will recomiiicnds Mr. Ashworth for this responsible post.
He pub. three Funeral Sermons on the deaths of Dr.
Watts, Mr. Floyd, and Mrs. Clark ; A Coll. of Tunes and
Anthems; a Hebrew Grammar; and An Intro, to Plane
Trigonometry.
" With iudetati<;.xble application, with genuine and well-regu-
lated zeal, and with growing reputation aud success, he exerted
his eminent abilities and extensive acquaintance with sacred aud
human HIerature in the s^-rvice of his great Master, and in pro-
motiug the impoi-tant interest of learning, religion, and charity."'
— Insci-iptiou on his monument. — Hose's Bii'g. Did.
Aske, James, author of Elizabetha Triumphans,
written in commeinoratioa of the defeat of the Spanish
Armada, 15S8, and pub. in that year. It is in blank
verse; and as such included in lir. Percy's volume of
Blank Verse anterior to Milton. Ii will be found com-
plete in the second volume of Nichols's Progresses of
Queen Elizabeth.
Askew, Anthony, M.D.. 1722-1772, a distinguished
classical scholiir, was educated at Scdbnrgh School, and
Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge. He studied medicine for a
year at Leyden ; after which he still remained abroad lor
three years, and returned to Cambridge in 1750, and com-
menced practice. He published no medical works, and
his easy fortune prevented the necessity of any effort to
retain Ihe large professional business which liis father,
Dr. Adam Askew, had long enjoycl. Whilst abroad, he
laid tJie foundation of his choice library by the purchase
of many valuable books and manuscripts. Amongst
these treasures was a complete collection of the editions
of iEschylus, a new edition of which Dr. Askew intended
to have given to the world. Whilst yet a student at
Leyden, he issued a specimen of his intended edition,
dedicated to Dr. Richard Mead : Nova; Editiouis Traga;-
diiirum iEschyli Specimen, curante Antonio Askew, Ac,
Lugd. P.atftv., 1746. This pamphlet is now of great rarity.
Askew has been properly esteemed one of the fathers of
the "BiBl.ioMANl.l" in England. He estimated his rare
books and dingy manuscripts as more precious than rubies
or fine golil, and was careful how he permitted them to
pass from his own hands. We have an amusing account
of his displaying (but eul ociilis only — nmiiibiiaque was
too much for a king to ask!) to his visitors some of his
choicest volumes, safely enshrined within glass cases,
whilst the happy owner, perched upon his library ladder,
would read from an " Editio princeps," or an " E-femplar
elegans," some scrap of philosophic wisdom of the "elder
time." How could the enthusiastic Askew ever resign
those d.arliugs of his soul ! But Death, who has no re-
spect for men's '' hobbies," and who stops not to ask. when
he has levelled his shaft, whether his intended victim be
of Athens or Bceotia, entered the doctor's retreat at Hamp-
stead one day, and summoned him to leave his books and
manuscrii)ts, the cherished acquisition of so many happy
years ! His collection went the way of most libraries
through the hands of the auctioneer, into the vacant
niches or shelves which had long waited for the demise of
the owner. The Rev. Mr. Cr.acherode's long purse swal-
lowed many an " Exemplar Askeviaunin." Dr. Hunter
e.\pendeil ioOU upon the spot, and Dr. Maty purchased to
a considerable amount for the British Museum. But
more than this! Even Royalty was a competitor in this
day's struggle. The King of England was a purchaser
of £300 worth of rare tomes, and his Majesty of France
and some other foreign collectors, .absorbed, "through the
agency of Dc Bure, no less than the value of £1500.
We quote from our copy of the Bibliom.\nia (richly in-
terleaved with original letters of Dr. Dibdin and Richard
Heber — for we ourselves are something of a Biblioma-
niac) the prices at which a few of the great guns were
disposed of.
"No. tj84. Boccacio. ilTeseide. Ferar. 1475. Prima Edizione. £85.
1576. Durandi Rationale. 14o'.t. In Memliranis. £tjl.
2656. Platonis Opera, apud Aldum, 2 vols, fob, 1513. Edit.
Pr«n. On vellum. £56 13s. Od. Purchased by Tr. Wm. Hunter.
The reader can have no idea of the beauty of these vellum leaves.
The ink is of the finest lustre, and the whole tvpographical ar-
rangement may be considered a masterpiece of printing.
2S12. I'linii Hist. Natural; apud Spir.am, fob, 1469. Edit. Prin-
ceps. £43 tli-. Orf. This copy bears no kind of comparison with
the copy in Lord Spencer's. Dr. Hunter's, and the Cracherode col-
lections. These latter are giants to it.
3637. Terentianus Maurus de Literis, Syll.abis, et Metris IIo-
ratii Jlediol., fob, 1497 ; £12. 12«. Od. " This is judged to be the only
copy of the edition in England, if not in the whole world Dr
Askew could find no copy in his travels over Europe, though he
made earnest and particular sjarch in every library which he had
an opportunity of cousultiug."
• AST
" Kare and magnificent as the preceding articles may be consi-
dered, I can confidently assure the reader that they form a very
small part of the extr-iordinary books in Dr. .Askew's librarv.
Many a ten and twentj/ h.is been omitted— many a prince of an
edition passed by unguarded. [Dibdin quotes nineteen articles.]
The articles were 3670 in number ; probably comprehending about
7000 volumes. They were sold for £4000."
Dr. Askew was a warmly-attached friend of Dr. Richard
Mead. (See Mead, Richaiid.) Of the classical attain-
ments of Askew, Dr. Parr speaks in high praise.
Aspiu, J. Educational Works, 1801-9-13, etc.
Aspin, Wm. Sermon on Euvy, Eed. iv. 4, 16S4.
Aspinall, James. The Crisis, Liverp., 1831.
Aspinwall. Translated "Rodoguue," 1765.
Aspiuwall, Edward. A Preservation against Popery,
Loll.. 1715 ; Arguments in proof of Christian Religion, 1731.
Aspland, Robert, 17S2-1S45, a Dissenter, b. at
Wicken, county of Camljridge, Eng. He was at one time
a Churchman, afterwards a Baptist, and finally a Unita-
rian. For forty years he was pastor of the Gravel-Pit
Chapel, Hackney. In 1806, he established the Monthly
Repository and founded the Unitarian Fund Society ; in
1815, established the Christian Reformer, a monthly maga-
zine, which is contiuued by his son, the Rev. R. Brook
Asplaud, of Dukiulield. His publications number about
fifty. A vol. of Sermons, and several pamphlets from his
pen, have been edited by his son, 1 vol. 8vo. See Memoir
and Correspondence, by 11. B. A., 1850, 8vo; Appletou's
New Amer. Cyc.
Asploy, J. Work on Navigation, Lon., 1668.
Asplin, Saml. Sermons, pub. 1711-15.
Asplin,Wm. Upon AVorship'g towards the East 17''8
Asser, d. 010, Bishop of Sherborne, and perhaps "of
another see .antecedently, has had attributed to him seve-
ral works, the princijial of which is the Life of Alfreil
(iEIfredi Regis Res Gestte, pub. by Arclibp. Parker, 1574 •)
but see an elaborate argument by the learned Thom.-is
Wright (Biog. Brit. Lit.) against the authenticity of this
biography.
Assheton, Wm., 1641-1711, fellow of Erasenose
College, Oxf., [lub, a number of theological, controversial,
and moral works. Lon., 1602-1710. Among his principal
productions were: 1. Toleration Disapproved and Con-
demned by the .Authority tiud Convincing Reasons of, &c.,
Oxf., 1670; 2. The Cases of Scandal and Persecution,
Lon., 1674 ; 3. A Seasonable Vindication of the Blessed
Trinity, [a compilation from Tillotson and Stillingfieet,]
Lon., 1679; 4. The Roy.al Apology, or Au Answer to the
Rebel's Plea, Ac, 2d ed., Lon., 1085; 5. The Country
Parson's Admonition to his Parishioners against Popery ;
6. Directions for the Conversation of the Clergy, ffrom
StiUiugfleet,] Lon., 1710. ''
" "The writer of his life gives him the hiehest ch.ararfer for pietv,
probity, and inflexible adherence to the doctrines and interests of
the Church of England.''
Astell, J. P. Liquor Alcahcst, or a Discourse of that
iinmortiil disscdvent of Paracelsus and Helmot, Lon., 1675.
Astell, Mary, 1668'/-1731, a writer of considerable
note in her day, 'pub. a number of theological and miscel.
works.
A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement
of their True and Greatest Interest, &o. ; also. Part the
Second : wherein a method is offered for the improvement
of their minds, Lon., 1697.
" These books contributed not a little towards awakening their
minds, and lessening their esteem for those trilling amusements
which steal away too much of their time." — Ballard.
An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex. " A witty piece."
Reflections on Marriage, occasioned, it is said, by a disap-
pointment she experienced in a marriage contract. 1700.
" Some people think she has caiTied her arguments with regard
to the birtlirighls and jrririlegcs of her sex a little too far : and that
there is too much warmth of temper discovered in this treatise."
But surely a little asperity should be excused when we
consider Ihe circnmslances ! A Fair W.ay with Dissenters,
and their Patrons, 1704; The Christian Religion, as Prac-
tised by a Daughter of the Church of England, 1705;
Six Familiar Essays upon Marriage, Crosses in Love, and
Friendship, 1706. Poor Mary! still harping upon that
gny deceiver! Barflemy Fair, or an Inquiry after Wit,
1700; republished in 1722, with the words " Barflemy
Fair" omitted.
" She was extremely fond of obscurity, which she courted and
doated on beyond all earthly blessings:" and was as ambitious to
slide gently through the world, without so much .as being seen or
taken notice of. as others are to Imstle and make a figure in it. . . .
Notwithstanding her great care to conceal herself her name was
soon discovered, and made known to several learned persrns,
whose restless curiosity would otherwise hardly have been satis-
fied.'"— Bali.ahd.
These remarks apply more particularly to the publica-
AST
AST
tion of her Letters to Mr. John Norris concerning The
Love of God.
Mrs. Astell was held in great estimation by some of
the most distinguished persons of her day. Dr. John
■\Valker calls her " The most ingenious Mrs. Astell ;" Henry
Dodwell styles her "The admirable gentlewoman, Mrs.
Astell." Evelyn acknowledges the satisfaction which he
derived from her writings. But as perfection is not for
man — nor woman either, it seems — we must confess that
Bishop Atterbury in writing to Dr. Smalridge complains
in this wise:
" I happened about a fortnight ago to dine with Mrs. Astell.
She spoke to me of my sermon, and desired me to print it ; and
after 1 had given the proper answer, hinted to nie that she should
be glad of perusin:^ it; I complyed with her, and sent her the ser-
mon next day. Yesterday she returned it with this sheet of re-
marks, which I cannot forbear communicating to you, because I
take 'em to be of an extraordinary nature, considering they came
fjoin a woman. Indeed one would not imagine that a woman had
written them. There is not an expression that carries the least
air of her sex from the beginning to the end of it. She attacks
me very home, you see, and artfully enough, under a pretence of
taking "my part against other divines, who are in Hoadley's Mea^
euros. [Probably it was the sermon against Uish<<p Hoadley's
Measures of Submission.] Had she had as much good breeding
as good sense, she would be perfect ; but she has not the most de-
cent way of insinuating what she means, but is now and then a
little offensive and shocking in her expressions; which I wonder
at, because a civil turn of words is what her sex is always mis-
tress of. She, 1 think, is wanting in it, [No doubt he thought
so: and pray, what controversialist, "his soul in arms, and eager
for the fi-ay," ever thought a hostile criticism "civil?" But the
good Bishop in the midst of his chagrin will still be just; and
goes on to say:] But her sensible and vatinnal way of writing
makes amends for that defect, if indeed [here the wounded author
gets uppermost again] any thing can make amends for it. I dread
to engage her; [quite an admission !] so I only writ a general civil
answer to her. and leave the rest to an oral conference."
It is not a little amusing that Mrs. AstcU's Christian
Religion as Professed by a Daughter of the Church of
England, was attributed to the pen of the prelate who
thus winces under her criticism.
Lord Stanhope writes to Bishop Atterbury :
*' I am informed this day that you have put out in print a mighty
ingenious pamphlet; but that you have been pleased to father it
upon one Mrs. Astell, a female friend and witty companion of your
wift^'s."
Mrs. Astell was a truly exemplary character, and devoted
her talent to the best ends, the interests of true religion,
and the improvement of her own sex ; indeed, of all
capable of appreciating moral excellence and intellectual
elevation.
Astle, Mary. See Astell.
Astle, Thomas, 1734-1SU3, an eminent antiquary,
and Keeper of the Records in the Tower of Loudon, was
descended from the ancient family of the Astles, lords of
the Manor of FauUI, in Staffordshire. In 1770 he was ap-
pointed by the House of Lords to superintend the printing
of the Ancient Records of Parliament: succeeding his
father-in-law in this duty, who had been appointed at the
instance of Mr. Astle, when consulted on this subject by
the House of Lords in 1766. The Records were published
in six folio volumes. Of the Society of Antiquaries he
was a useful and distinguished member, and contributed
several valuable papers to the Archaeologia in vols, iv., vii.,
X., xii., and xiii. ; and to the Vetusta Munumenta. To the
Catalogue of the Uarleian MSS. he wrote a preface and
index. In 1777 appeared his Catalogue of the MSS. in the
Cottonian Library, with a catalogue of the charters. Mr.
Planta's Cat. of MSS. has superseded Astle's, but the lat-
ter is still useful as containing the only cat. of the charters
in that library.
The Will of King Henry VIL, Lon., 1775. The Will
of King Alfred, Oxon., 17SS. Mr. Astle's great work is,
The Origin and Progress of Writing, as well hieroglyphic
0 - elementary ; illustrated by engravings taken from Mar-
bles, MSS., and Charters, Ancient and Modern; also some
Account of the Origin of Printing, Lon., 178-i. A second
and improved edition appeared in 1803. To this produc-
tion the high praise has been awarded of being '* the com-
pletest work on the subject of Writing in this or any other
language." In the last chapter he labours to prove that
the art of printing took its origin from the Chinese. Upon
this hydra-headed theme we have no space here to enter.
Wc shall have to meet it somewhere, we presume, before
we finish our volume. Apropos, we take it very ill of Mr.
Brunet that he condescends not to favour Astle's great
work with a single bibliographical comment. He can ex-
pend a column upon Bodoni, {who deserves honourable
mention,) but not a line for Astle. He should remember
" the swashing blow" of good Master Bibdin, when the
hero of Dijon " bit the dust," and Lesno and Lic-(iuet *' fled
the field" discomfited. Let M. Brunet (one of the first
of living bibliographers) profit by their example, lest he
provoke a second i'rajjeUt war I His silence is the more
inexcusable alter the glowing eulogy of Peignot, who in
his Essai gur I'Histoire du Parcheinin et du.A'elin calls
Astle's book " le plus ample et le plus savant sur Thistoire
de la calligraphie."
" The general character that we have to give of Mr. Astle's book
is, that the author's reflections are all very ingenious, most of them
just, and the engraved specimens properly chosen fcjr the enter-
tiiinmeut of curious readers, and for the information ot nitu of
business. But weare far from being satisfied A\ith hisspeculatlrns
on language, and the origin of writing." — Lmi. Mf'nlhJy Jifvtar lor
October, 17b4: see this whole article, which has been highly com-
mended. It is in opposition to some of Astle's views.
■'This work, it is needless to add, will fully establish Mr. Astle's
literary fame, and will transmit bis name with lustre lo posterity,
together with those of his fellow-labourers. Mr. Harris and Ltird
Monboddo." — Lon. Gent. Mog. for 17S4: see Home's Introd. to the
Study of Bibliography, vol. i. p. 72.
Astle's remarks upon the character and reign of Henry
VIL have been highly praised.
"His learning, which is ■\arious, cannot escape observation; and
his authorities in general are the best that could be found. His
judgment, precision, and minuteness, are all to be hij.hly tcm-
mended. There is even a considerable spirit of philanthropy in
his work; and in so far he advances beyond the character ot a mere
antiquary. He displays not, however, any splendour or brightness
of genius. He is simple and judicious, but not original." — A'tty
CuUihiyve of Englisli Living Authors.
We subjoin an interesting letter from Dr. Johnson to our
author: "^ July 17,1781.
" Sib, — I am ashamed that you have been forced to call so often
for your books, but it has been by no fault on either side. Ibey
have never been nut of my hands, nor have I ever been ;it Imnie
without seeing you; for to see a man so skilful in the aiitii;uilics
of my country is an opportunity of improvement not willingly to
be missed.
" Your notes on .\lfred appear to me very judicious and accurate,
but they are too few. Many things familiar to you are unkiiown
to me and to most others ; and you must not think too fcivourably
of your readers: by supposing them kuowing.you will leave them
ignorant. Measure of land, and value of money, it is of great im-
portance to state with care. Had the Saxons any gold ccin?
"I have much curiosity after the manners and transactions of
the Middle Ages, but have wanted either diligence or opportunity,
or both. fThen. good Doctor! why attempt to edit fhakspeareV]
You. sir, have great opportunities, and I wish you both diligence
and success. 1 am, sir, &c.,
"Sam. Johnson."
Astley, F. F. Hints to Planters. Lon., 1S07.
Astley, John, Master of the Jewel House, and Gen-
tleman of Queen Elizabeth's Privy Chamber, was nut only
a great equestrian himself, but much concerned to improve
the bad riding which he was pained to see around him,
when taking the air for his health or amusement. The
Art of Fvidiug was especially worthy of cultivation in the
reign of a queen so fond of getting up parties of pleasure
to the castles of her rich subjects, that the worthy anti-
quary, Johu Nichols, had materials enough to make up
three quarto volumes of The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth,
a work so highly esteemed that copies have been repeatedly
sold by public auction for upwards of £40, In such ex-
cursions as that to Kenilworth Castle, so glowingly de-
scribed by Master Lanebam. where on the road *■ after
great cheer at dinner, there was plensaut pastime in hunt-
ing by the way after," wo to the knight who knew not
how to " sit his hor.se aright." The queen set an example
of the use of the saddle to her " loving subjects," for Lane-
ham tells us — •• So passing into the inner court, her ma-
jesty (that never rides but alone) there set down from
her palfrey, was conveyed up to her .chamber."
But to return to Master Astley. In 1 584, his zeal for good
horsemanship induced him to put forth a work entitled
The Art of Hiding set foorth, in a Breefe Treatise, with a due
Interpretation of certaine Places, alledged out of Xenophon and
Gryson, very expert and excellent Horsemen: wherein also the
true A'.'ie of the Hand, by the said Gryson's Rules and Precepts, is
speciallie touched: and how the Author of this present Worke
hath put the same in Practise; also, what Profit men may reape
thereby; without the knowledge whereof, all the residue of the
Art of Biding is but vaine. Lastlie. is addtd a short Hiscouise of
the Chaine of Cauezzan, The Trench and the Mai-tingale; Lon.,
1584, 4to.
In the same year, not unwilling to call in the aid of u
foreigner in the reformation of bad riding, he published
The Art of Biding, conteining diverse necessarie Instructions,
Demonstrations, Helps, and Corrections, apperteining to Horse-
manship, not heretofore expressed by anie other Author; written
at large in the Italian Toong. by Maister Claudio Corte, a man
most excellent in this Art. Here brietlie reduced into certaine
English Discourses to the benefit of Gentlemen desirous of such
knowledge, Lon., 15^4.
Astley, Jos. On the Doctrine of Heat; Nic. Jour. v.
23, 1801.
Astley, Philip, 1742-1814. Remarks on the Duty
and Profession of a Soldier, 1794. A Description and His-
77
AST
ATH
torieal Account of the places near the theatre of war in the
Low Countries, 1794. System of Equestrian Education,
ISOl.
Astley, Thos. Collection of Voyages and Travels.
The first numher appeared in Dec., 17-i4, and the last in
17J:7. The author was Mr. John Green.
Aston, Anthony, This "gentleman, lawyer, poet,
actor, soldier, sailor, exciseman, and publican," (we quote
his own words,) was the author of Love in a Hurry, 1709 ;
Pastora. 1712; The Fool's Opera, 1731 — (with account
of his Ufe appended.) In 174:1 he pub. A Brief Supple-
ment to CoUey Cibber, Esq., his Lives of the late famous
Actors and Actresses, by Tony Aston: "which contains
some information not preserved elsewhere."
Aston, Ed. Manners, Laws, and Customs of all Na-
tions, translated from the Latin of John Bosnus. Lon., 1611.
Aston, J. Lancashire Gazetteer. &c., 1S08.
Aston, H. H. A Sermon on Heb. xiii. 16, 1745.
Aston or Ashton, R. Placita Latinse Redivivae ; a
Book of Entries of Approved Precedents of Courts, tfec,
3d ed., 1661 ; again reprinted, 1673.
*■ The swarms of books of precedents of various kinds in modern
times, obviate the necessity of referenr^ to Aston, written in
crabl)ed. abridi^cd Latin, with its marginal notes in Law French."
— Miri'hi^s L'fjtl Bibh
Aston, Sir Thos,, d. 1645, "a brave and loyal gentle-
man" attached to the cause of Charles L, and killed in the
act of making his escape from prison, wrote : 1. A Remon-
strance against Presbytery, Lon., 1641. 2. A Short Survey
of the Prcsbyt. Discipline, and a Brief Review of the In-
stitutions. <4c. of Bishops. 3. A Collection of Petitions to
the King and Parliament, 1642.
Aston, Thos. Sermons, pub. 1658-91.
Aston, \V. H. Select Psalms in Verse, Lon., ISll.
Aston, Sir Walter, deserves mention as the patron
of Drayton, who dedicated to him one of his England's
Heroical Epistles, and in his Polyolbiou thus acknow-
ledges his patron's favours.
'•Trent, by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat,
Which oft thy Aluse hath found ht-r safe and sweet retreat."
Astrey or Astry, Sir Jas. General Charges to all
Grand Juries, and other Juries, Ac, Lon., 1703.
Astry, Francis. Sermons, pub. Li.n., 1716-33.
Astry, T. Case of a Young Man struck Dumb, Lon.,
1671.
Atcheson, Nath, Report of the Case of Hevelock
t'. Rookwood, to the K. B., &c., Lon., 1800. Case of
Fisher v. Ward, Lon., 1803. American Encroachments,
Lon.. 1805. Collection of Reports, Ac, relative to the
Trade of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Brit Colonies in
the W. Indies and America, Lon., 1807.
Atchison, Robt. Obs. on Dysentery. Med. Com., 1785.
Athelard of Bath, flourished lUO-1 120, is the great-
est name in Engli.sh science before Robert Grosscti'te and
Roger Bacon. His name would lead us to believe that ho
was of Saxon blood. He was born probably in the latter
part of the eleventh century, and first quitted England to
study in the schools of Tours and Laon. In the latter
place he opened a school, and had, among other disciples
his nephew, to whom he appears to have been affection-
ately attached. But Athclard's love of knowledge was
unsatistiod with the state of science in France, and he left
his .school, and crossed the Alps to Salerno, from whence ho
proceeded to Greece and Asia Minor, and it is very pro-
bable that he went to study among the Arabs in the East.
Bagdad and Egypt were then the seats of Arabian learn-
ing. On his arrival in his native country, aft«r an absence
of seven years, the throne, he tells us, was occupied by
Henry I.; and one of the first books he published after
his arrival, being dedicated to William, Bishop of Syracuse,
must have been written before 1116, the date of that pre-
late's death. The manner in which Athelard speaks of
the reception of the Arabian sciences, seems to show that
they were then quite new among the Christians of the
West, and to contradict the opinion founded on a legencl
preserved by William of Malmsbury^ that they had been
introduced long before by Gerbert. We know nothing
more of Athclard's personal history. His celebrity was
great in after times ; and in the thirteenth century Vincent
of Beauvais gives him the title of PhiloHophuB Aiirffumm.
Athclard's writings appear to have enjoyed a great po-
pularity. Wc may divide them into two classes — original
works, and translations from the Arabic. Among the
former are, 1. The treatise De co<lem et diverso, already
mentioned, of which the only copy known to e.\ist is pro-
served in a mjinuscript in the Bibliothcque Royalc at
Paris. It is written in the form of a letter to his nephew,
and dedicated to William, Bishop of Syracuse. 2. Tan-
ner mentions a tract with the somewhat similar title of
De sic et non sic, which he says commenced with the
words Meministi ex quo incepimus. 3. The Quajstiones
Naturales, of which there are many manuscripts existing
under a great variety of titles. This treatise was printed
apparently as early as the -fifteenth century. It is written
in the form of a dialogue between Athelard and his ne-
phew, and is dedicated to Richard, Bishop of Bayeux,
(1108-1133.) In this tract Athelard gives his opinion on
various physical questions concerning animals, man, and
the elements. At the conclusion he promises a treatise on
higher philosophical subjects, De initio de initiis. 4. Re-
guhe Abaci. This tract, on a subject which since the time
of Gerbert had employed the pens of a multitude of ma-
thematicians, was perhaps one of Athclard's earliest writ-
ings. It is preserved in a MS. of the library of Leyden,
where it is preceded by a short preface containing Athe-
lard's name, and without the preface or name, in a manu-
script in the Bibliotheque Royalc at Paris. 5. A treatise
on the Astrolabe, evidently taken from Arabian writers.
A copy is preserved in the British Museum. Leland, who
sometimes speaks rather extravagantly of the style of the
mediaeval writers, calls this " libcllum argntum. numero-
sura, rotundum." It is certainly the one of Athelard'8
works which least merits that character. 6. Problemata.
Leland mentions a work of Athclard's under this title,
which he had seen in the library of (he Franciscans at
London, but which had afterwards disappeared. 7. De
septem artibus liberalibus. Tanner, on the authority of
Boston of Bury, mentions a work of Athelard's bearing
this title, written partly in prose and partly in verse, and
commencing with the words Sa?pernumero estaphilosophis.
8. A treatise on the Compotns, mentioned by Tanner as
having formerly been in the library of the Earl of Stam-
ford. 9. Tanner states that a tr.ict is indicated in the old
table of contents of a manuscript in the King's Library,
under the title Liber magistri Adelardi Bathoniensis qui
dicitnr Mappa3 clavicula, but the tract itself had been
torn out.
The most important of Athelard's translations from the
Arabic was: 1. The Elements of Euclid. This became
the text-book of all succeeding mathematicians. The
manuscripts of Athelard's Euclid are numerous. It was
afterwards published with a commentary under the name
of Campanus. and printed at Venice as early as 1482.
Mr. Halliwell has mentioned some reasons for believing
that the commentary also was in reality the work of Athe-
lard. Dr. Dee possessed a manuscript which contained
translations of Euclid's Optics and Catoptrics under the
name of Athelard. Athelard also translated, 2. The Isa-
goge minor Jafaris mathematici in Astronomiam. There
is a copy of this work in the Bodleian library. 3. Ezich
Elkauresmi, hoc est, tabula? Chawaresmicae ex Arabico
traducta?. A translation of the Kharismian tables. There
is a copy of this also in the Bodleian library. Leland
mentions a work translated from the Arabic by Athelard,
under the title Erith Eleharetmi, which Bale and Boston
of Bury give, more correctly, Ezich -Jafarim or Ezich-Jafa-
ris : it apjjcnrs to be a corruption of Zydj Djafar, and was
]n-(d)alily imly another name for the Kharismian tables.
4. The PriKstigia astronomica Thebedis, which formerly
existed in a manuscript of the library of Avranches. Per-
haps some other tracts of Athelard exist in manuscripts as
yet unexamined, or pass as anonymous treatises. M. Jour-
dain was inclined to attribute to him a piece entitled Liber
imbrium secundum Indos, preserved in the Bibliothcque
Royale at Paris.
Editinnx. — Seijuitur tabtda istius libelli. . . . Tncipit prolojnis
Adelardi Bathoniensis in suas qnestiones naturales perdiffioiles.
At the end. Expliciunt questiones naturales Adelardi Bachouien-
sis. L.1US deo et virtjini. Amen*. Qui petit occultas rerum agnns-
cere c.iusas IVte videat. (juia sum l.-evis explanatnr earum, 4to. with-
out other title, or the name of place or date, but piiiiti-d in an
early-shaped Gothic type. There are two dilTcn'Of t-rljtions an-
sweriuj; to this description, the one evidently .a reprint nf the other.
They are both in the British Museum. — Martene and Burand,
Thesaurus novus Anecdotorum. Tomus i. Lutet. Paris. 1717, fol.
cnl. '201. The preface to the Naturales Qua-stiones. — Jourdain,
Recherches Critiiiucs sur 1' afje et 1" ori;^iue des Traductions Latines
d' Aristote. Paris, ISKi. 8to, pp. 49'1— 197. The dedication and com-
mencement of Athelard's treatise De eodem et diverso. — AbhreviaUd
from M'liffht!^ Bipp. Brit. Lit.
Atherlcy, E. G. A Treatise on the Law of Mar-
riage and other Family Settlements, Lon., 1813.
" An able and exi'client treatise." — Chancellor Kent.
Atherstoiie, Edwin, a poet of uncommon merit,
author of the Last Days of Herculaneum ; and Abradates
and Panthca, Lon., 1821. These poems have been praised
by high authority for
"Power and vigour, splendid diction, and truly poetic feeling.
ATH
ATK
. . . The style often resombles Thomson's, and in some places we
might instance imitations of that poet, as well as of Akenside." —
Jjondim Literary diizctte.
The Fall ot" Nineveh ; a Poem.
"The fall of the Assyrian Empire is a subject worthy of the
historical epic; and Mr. Atherstoue has genius to insure its treats
ment in a grand and striking m;inuer."
Sea Kings in England, a Romance, 3 vols.
Atherton. Christian Physiean, Lon., 1683.
Atherton, \V, An Elementary and Practical Trea-
tise on the Commencement of Personal Actions, &c.,
Lon., 1833.
"This is a very useful guide on the commencement of personal
actions. The work is well executed, and the authentic and prac-
tical forms dili-entlv collected."— J/((n'(n's Legal Bihl.
Atkeiis, John. Surgical Works, Lon.. 1723-58.
Atkey, A. A Sermon on Jer. xii. 1, 1732.
Atkins. Essay on Spirituous Liquors, Lon., 1803.
Atkins, H. On the Trinity Bill, 1S13.
Atkins, J. The Ascension; a Poem, Lon., 1780.
Treatij'c on llic Ilnrizuntal Sun and Moon, Lou., 1793.
Atkins, John. Sermon on Heb. xii. 1-1 (t, Lon., 1624.
Atkins, John. A MeteoroL Journal for 1782.
Atkins, John. Relation of a Voyage to Guiana,
Brazil, and the W. Indies, Lon., 1737.
'• This volume, which chiefly consists of the personal adventures
of thf author, will, however, afford some insight into the manners
and habits of the people."— Lowndes.
Atkins, Robt. Six Sermons on the Sin and Danger
of Popery, 1712. A Farewell Sermon, 1715.
Atkins, llobt. A Comp. History of the Israelites,
Lon.. 1810.
Atkins, Saml. Sermon on Ps. xxvii. 13, 1703.
Atkins, VVni. A Discourse on the Gout, Lon., 1694.
Atkinson and Clarke. Naval Pocket Gunner, 1814.
Atkinson. Med. Contrib. to Pbil. Trans., 1722-25.
Atkinson, B. A. Sermons, pub. 1734-37.
Atkinson, Chris. Theolog. Treatises. Lon.. 1653-54.
Atkinson, Chris. Address to the Public, 1783.
Atkinson, Heo, A Practical Treatise on Sheriff
Law, Lon., 1S39.
" This book is said to be an unequal performance, some parts of
it bein^ written very carefully, and others very carelessly. It has
the reputation, however, upon the whole, of being a useful and
cunvriiitut biuik." — Ma)-vi7i's Leg. Bibl.
Treatise nil the Shipping Laws of the British Empire, 8vo.
Atkinson, Henry, Sermons, Doctrinal and Practi-
cal, Lon., 1S22.
Atkinson, Henry. 1786?-1831, a mathematician,
contributed to the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Diaries, the
Royal Astron. Society's Transactions, (vol. ii.,) and was
mathematieal editor of the Newcastle Magazine.
Atkinson, Jas. Rodolphus; a Poet. Romance,
Edin., 1701.
Atkinson, Jas. The Necessity of Preaching the
Gospel in Gospel Language, Newc.-upon-Tyne, 1729.
Atkinson, Jas. Account of the State of Agricul-
ture and Grazing in New South Wales. Lon., 1827.
Atkinson, Jas. Med. Bibliography, vol. i. royal 8vo.
" \Ve have never encountered so singular and remarkable a
book. It unites the German research of a Plouquet with the rav-
ings of IJabelais, — the humour of Sterne with the satire of Demo-
critus. — the learning of Burton with the wit of I'indar." — Dr.
Johnson's Jieview.
" In Mr. Atkinson, I have found a gentleman, and a man of
varied talent, ardent and active, and of the most overflowing
goodness of heart. In his retirement from an honourable profes-
sion, (Medicine and Surgery,) he knows not what the slij^htest
approximation to ennui is. The heartiest of all the octogenarians
I ever saw, he scorns a stretch, and abhors a gape. It is ' up and
be doiug' with him from sunrise to sunset. His library is sufib-
cated with Koburgers. Frobens, the Ascensii, and the Stephens."
— Dibtfin's northern Tour.
Atkinson, Jasper. A Letter rel. to the Bullion
Coin, Lon., ISll.
'■ Mr. Atkinson seems adequately impressed with a sense of the
evils of war.'' — Lon. Monthly Review.
Atkinson, John. Tariflf at Elsingoer. Glasg.. 1770.
Atkinson, John. The Holy Scriptures the Word of
God. Two sermons, Ileb. i. 1, 2. Lon., 1731.
Atkinson, John. Compendium of the Ornithology
of Great Britain, Lon., 1820.
" As a neat and commodious test-book, we would recommend
this unpretending, but respectable, volume to all who are desirous
of entering on the study of British Ornithology." — Lon. Montldij
Jtevietv.
Atkinson, John Augustus, and Jas. Walker.
A Picturesque Representation of the Manners of the
Russians, Lon., 1803-05, or 1812, pub. at £15 I5«., 3 vols,
imp. fol. Pic. Rep. Costumes of Great Britain, 1807, pub.
at £15 15*., 3 vols, folio.
Atkinson, M, The Necessity of National Reforma-
tion; a Sermon on 2 Chrou. xii. 7, 1779.
Atkinson, S. 1. Practical Points in Conveyancing,
from the MSS. of Butler, Preston, and Bradley, Lon.,
1829. 2. Common Forms and Precedents in Conveyanc-
ing, Ac, Lon., 1829. 3. Acts relating to the Law of Real
Property passed in the 3 and 4 W. IV. Ac. Lon., 1833.
4. Sir E. B. Sugdeu's Acts, Lon., 1830. 5. The Convey-
ancer's Manual, Lon., 1830. 6. Essay on Marketable
Titles, &c., Lon., 1833. 7. The Theory and Practice of
Conveyancing, comprising the Law of Real Property, 2d
ed., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1841.
" This is an excellent work, evincinf; considerable industry and
learning in the author, and is written in a perspicuous and logical
style."
8. Practice of the Court of Chancery, Lon., 1842.
" This is a brief, convenient, and useful, practical work."^
Marvin.
" We must not deny Mr. Atkinson the credit of having brought
together muth of the learning, and many useful observations, ap-
plicable to the subieot he has treated of" See No. 6.
Atkinson, thos., d. 1639, of St. John's Coll., Oxf. ^
" I have seen of his compositions as Andrei Melvini Auti-Tami
cunicategoria. written in Sapphics, and Melviuus delirans, in
Iambics." — Wood.
'* To which may be added that there is in the Harleian Library
of Manuscripts, in the British Museum, a Latin tragedy by this
author, entitled Homo, which is dedicated to Laud, then the Pre-
sident of St. .John's College, afterwards .Archbishop of Canterbury.
The MSS. is numbered 6925." — Rose's Biog. Diet.
Atkinson, Thos. Poet, and other works, 1791-99.
Atkinson, Thomas Witlain. 1. Gothic Ornaments
of KngUsh Cathedrals, Lon., imj). 4to. 2, Oriental and
Western Siberia, Lou., 1857, r. Svo ; N. York, 1858, 8vo.
Highly commended by the Lon. Athenaeum, 1S57, 1477,
Lon. Examiner, and other o.uthorities.
Atkinson, Wni. Poetical Essays, Lon., 1789,
Atkinson, Wm, Picturesque Views of Cottages, 180Ji
Atkyns, or Atkins, John, pub. An Account of a
Voyage in a Cruise against African Pirates, and his Tra-
vels, Lon., 1735.
Atkyns, John Tracy. Reports of Cases argued
and determined in the High Court of Chancery in the
time of Lord llardwicke, from 1737 to 1754. 3d ed., re-
vised and corrected with notes and references by F. W.
Saunders.
" Lord Ilardwicke's decisions at this day, and in our own courts,
do undoubtedly carry with them a more commanding weight of
authority than those of any other judge: and the best editions
of the elder Vesey and Atkyns will continue to fix the attention
and study of succeeding ages."
For an extended examination, of the imputed merits
and demerits of these reports, concerning whicli there has
been such a variety of opinion, see that useful work,
Marvin's Legal Bibliography.
Mr. Saunders,the editor of the 3d edition, remarks:
" The editor must take this opportunity, however, of observing
that he has frequently experienced his researches in the Register's
Books anticipated in the previous labours of Mr. Atkyns."
Atkyns, Richard, 1615?-1677, of Baliol Coll., Oxf.,
pub. a work on the Original and Growth of Printing in
England, collected out of History and the Records of this
Kingdom ; wherein is also demonstrated, that printing
appertaineth to the prerogative royal, and is a flower of
the crown of England, Lon., 1664.
The object of this work was to give the right and title
of printing to the Crown, and by that means to ascertain
the validity of the patents which had been granted by the
Crown. Atkyns endeavours to rob Caxton of the credit
j of having introduced printing into England, which ho
ascribes to Frederick Corsellis. Atkyns was an interested
disputant, being a patentee under the Crown for printing,
and at issue with the Sta.tiouers' Company on this point.
We have no space for a review of Atkyns's argument,
or rather assumptiim ; and we regret this the less a^ I)r.
Middleton and others have settled the question in favour
of Caxton.
" Atkyns, who, by his manner of writing, seems to have been
a bold and vain man, might possibly be the inventor: for he had
an interest in imposing upon the world." — Dl!. Middleto?).
But charity forbids our entertaining this suspicion.
Wood gives him a good character :
"He was an ingenious and observing man, and .saw the vanity
of this world sooner than others, though of elder years, which
fitted him the better for another."
H<^ also pub. A Vindication, «fec., to which is added his
Sighs and Ejaculations, 1669.
Atkyns, Sir Robt., 1621-1709, Lord Chief Baron of
the Exchequer tfmjj. William III., was the son of Sir Ed-
ward Atkyns, a baron of the Exchequer. For nearly 200
years there was always one of this family filling a judicial
j-tatiiin in the kingdom. He was sent to Baliol Coll. Oxf. ;
from thcnre removed to Lincoln's Inn, and "applied him-
self \QYy closely to the study of the law." He was knighted
ATK
ATT
in 1661, and 1672 sworn a judge of the Court of Common ]
Pleas. In April, i6.s9, he was appointed by AVilliani III.
Chief Baron of the Excbeiiuer. and on the I'.Uh Oct. in
the same year was made speaker of the Honse of Lords,
from which post he retired in 1692. Two years later he
resigned his seat in the Kxchequer, and spent the remain-
ing fifteen years of his life in retirement, at his seat at
Sapperton, in (Gloucestershire. His principal works were
An Inquiry into the Power of Dispensing with Penal
Laws, Lon., 1689; The Power of Jurisdiction and Privi-
lege of Parliament, and the Antiquity of the House of
Commons Assured, Lon., 16S9 ; The True and Ancient
Jurisdiction of the House of Peers, Lon., 1699 ; Enquiry ,
into the Jurisdiction of the Chancery, in Causes of Equity,
Lon., 1695. He pub. two pamphlets in defence of Lord |
Russel's innocency, 1689. When applied to for his advice
in the case of Lord William Kussel, he freely gave it, and
pronounced the following memorable dechiration, for which ,
he is entitled to the thanks of all friends of constitutional j
liberty : |
" There is, nor ought to be, no such thing as constructive treason ;
it defeats the very scope and design of the statute uf the 2i)th of
Edward III., which is to make a plain dL-claratinn what shall be
adjudged treason by the ordinary courts of justice."
Atkyns, Sir Robt., 1647-1711, sou of the preceding,
is chiefly known by his work entitled The Antient and Pre-
sent State of Glostershire, "a large folio voUune, beauti-
fully printed" in 1712, the year after Sir Robert's decease.
Dr. Parsons, a former chancellor of the diocese, had been
at great pains and trouble to collect the materials for a
history of the county, but was prevented by ill health
from completing his design. Atkyns had the advantage ,
of his valuable collection.
*' It was very expensive to the undertaker, who printed it in a .
pompous manner, adorning it with variety of views and prospects ,
of the seats of the gentry and mOiility, with their arms." " It i
were to be wished that more authorities had been t;iven and the
charters and grants published in the original language." — GoUGH.
The transcripts of all these were collected by Parsons.
On the night of Jan. 29-.'10, 1712-13, a fire took place at
Mr. Bowyer's printing office, and
"• Among the articles which perished by this sudden and awful
visitati^m was by far the greater number of Sir Robert Atkyns' valu-
able * History of Gloucestershire;' a few copies only of it having
been snatched from the flames, of which they still retain indelible
marks." — yichoh's Littirary Anecdotes, vol. i.
Mr. Herbert republished this work in 1768. Great part
of this second edition was also destroyed by fire. Dr. Du-
carel, in the preparation of liis Repertory of Endowments
of Vicarages, drew for Gloucester principally from Atkyns
and the AVorcester Register.
Atlay, Jos, Work on Distillery, Lon., 1794.
Atlee, Washington L., M.D., bom Feb. 22d, ISOS,
at Lancaster, Penn. ; a distinguished lecturer and medical
writer. Prof. Atlee has rendered great service to the cause
of medicine in the United States, having contributed up-
wards of forty valuable papers to the principal Medical
Journals in the Union. He is also the author of thirteen
pamphlets, addresses, and lectures on Medicine, Chemistry,
Botany, etc.
Atmore, C. Chandler'sHist. of the Persecution, 1813.
Atterbury, English glee composer, the aiithor of the
popular glee, " Come, let us all a Maying go," Ac.
Atterbury, Francis, 1662-1732, Bishop of Roches-
ter, was born at Milton Keynes, near Newport-Pagnell,
where his father, Dr. Lewis Atterbury, was rector. In
1076 he was admitted a King's scholar at Westminster,
under Dr. Busby; in 1080 he was elected a student of
Christ Church, Oxford. His proficiency in the classics
soon brought him into considerable notice. In 1682 he
published a Latin version of Dryden's Absalom and Ahith-
oithel, and two years later edited some Latin poems by
Italian authors. In 1690 he married Miss Osborn, a lady
celebrated for her beauty — said to be a niece of the Duke
of Leeds. He took a considerable part in the famous con-
troversy respecting the authenticity of the Epistles of
Phalaris, in which battle Dr. Richard Bentleyand the Hon.
Charles Boyle were the principal combatants. We know
from his own assertion that more than half of Boyle's
" E.\amination" was written by Atterbury: Dr. Smalridge
and others bearing a part in this unfortunate production.
(SeoBENTLEY, Richard; Boyle. Charles.)
The Sermons of Atterbury attracted great attention
from the first, and soon gave rise to controversies which
we have merely time to refer to. Hoadlcy, Burnet, and
Wake, were no mean antagonists, but our champion seems
never to have been intimidated by numbers or awed by
the fear of names. See a list of works on both sides the
Convocation Controversy in the Biographia Britunnica.
Otir author, always willing to lend a hand in a contest,
composed for Dr. Sacheverell a great portion of the speech
delivered by him at his trial. In 1713 Atterbury was
raised to the see of Rochester, with the deanery of West-
minster i')i comntendam. It has been thought that the pri-
macy would not have been above his reach, had not the
Queen's death, in 1714, interposed an efi"ectual bar to all
his prospects of advancement. The present jirospcrity,
and hopes for the future, of Atterbury, and the political
party to which he was attached, were buried with Queen
Anne. There had been some talk among the ministers of
proclaiming the Pretender upon the death of the Queen,
and Atterbury is said (upon doubtful authority) to have
oifered to proclaim the Pretender in his lawn sleeves at
Charing Cross, and to have declared — while Bolingbroke
and Ormond were protesting—" Never was better cause
lost for want of spirit." George I. naturally regarded At-
terbury with distrust, and in 1722 there was thought suf-
ficient grounds to authorize his arrest and committal to
the Tower on a charge of high treason. How far this
charge was justifiable by the facts will perhaps always
remain a matter of uncertainty. On the 16th of May, 1722,
he was condemned to the "deprivation of all his offices
and benefices, and to sufler perpetual exile." His defence
excited great admiration for the boldness and eloi)uence
by which it was distinguished. On going ashore at Ca-
lais, he was informed that Lord Bolingbroke — who, after
the rising of parliament, had received the king's pardon — ■
was arrived at the same place on his return to England,
whereupon he is reputed to have observed, with an air of
pleasantry, " Then I am exchanged." Abroad he was ac-
tive in behalf of the Pretender, which gives good grounds
for the belief that he was not hardly dealt with in the
sentence of exile. Atterbury died at Paris, Feb. 15th,
1731-2, in the 70th year of his age. His favourite daugh-
ter, Mrs. Morice, visited him iu Paris, 1729, she being then
in a decline, and only survived the voyage twenty-four
hours. Pope (who was warmly attached to the bishop)
has recorded this afiecting incident in the following lines:
She: " Yes, we have lived. — one panp and then we part!
Way Heaven, dear father, now have all thy heart!
Yet, ah! how much we loved, remember still,
Till you are dust like me."
He: " Dear shade. I will!
Then mix this dust with thine, 0 spotless ghosti
Oh more than fortune, friends, or countiy lost!
Is there on earth one care, one wish beside?
Y'es! Save my coimtry. Heav'n! he said, and died!"
Atterbury's writings were almost entirely of a contro-
versial character. His publications commence with the
Absalomand Ahithophel, trans, into Latin verse 1682, and
conclude with a belligerent title, in The Voice of the people
DO voice of God, 1710. The Memoirs of his Life and
Conduct, were pub. in 1723. Pour volumes of his Sermons
in 1740. His Epistolary Correspondence. Ac, by J. Nichols,
Svo. 4 vols., in 1783. Private Correspondence in 1768.
Miscellaneous Works with Historical Notes, by J. Nichols,
5 vols. Three vols, containing Sermons, Discourses, and
Letters, have been since republished, 1789-98.
With Pope, Swift, and many of the principal literary
characters of his day, he was on terms of friendship, and
was held in great esteem by his associates, as a man of
great abilities and a skilful politician. We need hardly
say that we cannot consider him as a fitting representative
of primitive episcopacy. There have been many brighter
illustrations of the true character of a Christian bishop
than our bold, declamatory, and mettlesome prelate. Pope
thus alludes to his friend when transferred, from the wonted
comforts and luxuries of his own halls, to the hospitalities
of the house of bondage :
" How pleasina; Atterbury's softer hour!
How shined his soul uuconquered in the Tower!"
Epilogue to Vie Siit. Dinlngue.
Swift, in an imaginary dialogue between himself and
Stella, speaks of a dean to be discovered by Stella's inge-
nuity :
"A little Mack man of pretty near fifty." "The s;ime." "A
good pleasant man." "Aye. the same." "Cunning enough."
" Yes." '■ Oue that understands his own interest." " As well as
any body." '• A very good face, and abuudance of wit. ... I
mean Dr. Atterbury, Deau of Carlisle." See Hose's Biog. Diet.;
Canmngham's Biog. History of England.
" His person, it is to be confessed, is no small recommendation,
but he is to he highly commended for not losing that advantage,
and adding; propriety of speech — which mitrht pass the criticism of
Lou;;;inus — an action which would have been approved by Demos-
thenes. He never attempts your passions till he has convinced
your reason." — A writer in the Tatler.
Smalridge styles him
'* Vir in nullo literaruui penere hospes. in plerisqne artibus e
studiis duo et feliciter exercitatus, in masime perfectis literarum
disL-iplinis purfectissimus."
ATT
AUB
" AtterTmry was. on the whole, rather a man of ability than a
genius. He writes more with elegance and correi-tness, than with
force of thinking or reasoning. His letters to I'opy are too much
crowded with very trite quotations from the classics." — Wartox.
Dr. Warburton had a mean opinion of his critical abili-
ties, and of his Discourse on the lapis of Virgil.
•■ A very learned correspondence took place between Bishops
Potter and Atterbury respectin*;; the times in which the Four Gos-
pels were written; which is preserved in the Kpistolary Corres-
pondence of Atterbury." — Ntdioh's LUerary Anecilntcs.
'• His controversial writings are Xirilliaut, but shallow ; his criti-
cisms evince more taste and fancy than erudition : and his trans-
lations from Horace, have, as it is now generally admitted, obtained
greater praise than they merit. His sermons, however, it must be
confessed, are clear, forcible, and, though never sublime, occasion-
ally eloquent and pathetic; and his letters, on which his fame as
a writer, must principally depend, are superior even to those of
Tope." — Georgian Era.
"Atterbury was nothing more nor less than a Jacobite priest:
his writings were extolled by that taction ; but his letter on Clar
Tendon's History is truly excellent." — Horace W.alpole.
*' Sir John Pringle had expressed a wish that I would ask Dr.
Johnson's opinion what were the best English sermons for style.
I took an opportunity to-day of mentioning several to him. ' At-
terbury?' Johnson: ' Ves. sir, one of the best."" — BnswdVs. John son.
With reference to the mention of Atterbury's letters, read
his very affecting epistle to Pope, when the bishop was
about embarking for a foreign shore ; an exile, in adver-
sity and disgrace ! His influence over Pope must have
been great, as the following instances prove :
"I had flung all my learning into the l)L'Ucalion in my Epic
Poem, as indeed Milton has done too much in his Paradise Lost.
The Bishop of Rochester advised me to burn it: I saw his advice
was well grounded, and followed it. though not without some re-
gret. Again: I wrote four books towards it. [Alcander, Prince of
Khodes,] of about a thousand verses each; and had the copy by me
till I burnt it, by the advice of the Bi.'^hop of llochester, a little
before he went abroad." ?ee Spence's Anecdfitfif.
" He is the glory of our English orators. In his writings we see
language in its strictest purity and beauty. There is nothing
dark, nothing redundant, nothing obscure, nothing misplaced." —
Dr. Doddridc.e.
Bickersteth commends The Rights and Powers and Pri-
vileges of an English Convocation, as ** written with vigour
and perspicuity," but considers Archbishop M'^ake's answer
as " a full reply :'* of his sermons he remarks, " A low tone
of divinity, in a polished style of writing."
"He was a polite writer. His Sermons probably owed most
of their fame, among his contemporaries, who have lavishly ap-
plauded bim, to his mode of delivery in the pulpit, for the Tatler
says it was such as would have been approved by Longinus and
Demosthenes." — Dr. Knox.
'■ In Sherlock and Atterbury are apparent the highest powers of
thi' mind, and the most unaffected eloquence." — QiuiHurly Beviexv.
•■ Atterbury fxcels in purity of language, delieacy of thought,
and gract-ful allusions." — Dr. E. Williams.
Atterbury, Lewis, 1631-1693, father of the preced-
ing, was entered at Christ Church. Oxf.. in 1647.
•■ He submitted to the Authority of the visitors appointed by the
Parliament." — Wood.
He pub. three Sermons, viz : 1. A Good Subject, on Prov.
xxiv. 21, 22, Lon., 1684. 2. The Ground of Christian
Feasts, Lon., 16S5. 3. Babylon's Downfall, Lon., 1691.
Atterbury, Lewis, 16o6-1731, eldest son of the pre-
ceding, was entered at Cbrist Church, Oxf., in 1674. He
pub. several sermons, 16S7-1705; two treatises on the
Popish controversy, and translated from the French, Ma-
dame La Valliere's Penitent Lady, 1684, and the Re-union
of Christians, 1708. Mr. Yardley pub. his Select Sermons
in 1743.
■' He was happy in a plain and intelligible way of expressing
himself, and therefore was the less careful of turning and smooth-
ing his periods." — Y.^rplet.
Attersol, Wm. Commentary upon Philemon, Lon.,
1612. The New Covenant, 1614. Commentary upon
Numbers, 1618.
'•A very full exposition; pmctical and evangelical." — Biceer-
STETH.
Three Treatises, upon Luke xiii. 1; xii. 1, and upon
Jonah iii. 4.
Atton. On Beautifying a Church j Serm. Mark iv. 9,
1767.
Atwell, George, of Cambridge, author of a Defense
of Astrology, Lon., 1660. The Faithful Surveyor, Camb.,
1662. Mr. Atwell is spoken of with respect by his illus-
trious contemporary. Sir Isaac Newton.
Atwell, Jos., d. 1768, "eminent for his learning and
piety," was a contributor to Phil. Trans,, 1732-36.
Atwood, G, Serm. Death Prince of Wales, 1751.
Atwood, G. Review of Stat, and Ord. of Assize, 1801.
Atwood, Geo,, 1745-1807, a mathematician of note,
and financial private secretary to Wm. Pitt, completed his
studies in Trinity Coll., Camb., where he was afterwards a
Fellow and a tutor. He was an excellent lecturer, and
Mr. Pitt was one of his most attentive auditors. In 1784
he pub. his Treatise upon the Rectilinear Motion and Ro-
6
tation of Bodies, which was very favourably received.
He pub. An Analysis of a course of Lectures on the Prin-
ciples of Natural Philosophy, in the same year. Disserta-
tion on Arches, 1801-5. He was a contributor to the PhiL
Trans., 1781-98.
*' The latter yeais of his life were spent in much suffering, from
the intirmities brought on by intense application — by that worst
of all compbiints, the literary malady. His powers of application
were very great, and his accm-acy as a calculator never smpassed."
— i?osr*s Bi»!j. Dirt.
Atwood, Thos. History of Dominica, Lon. 1791.
Observations relative to Negro Slaves in the Brit. AV. I.
Islands, Lon., 1790. Observations on Currency, Popula--
tion, and Pauperism, in two letters to A. Young. Esq., 1818.
Atwood, Thos., 1765-1S3S, an Eng. Mus. Composer
of note.
Atwood, Wni., published a number of Historical and
Antiquarian Treatises, Lon., 1680-1705. The best known
of his works is The Superiority and Direct Dominion of
the Crown of England over the Crown and Kingdom of
Scotland, asserted against Sir Thomas Craig, in which he
endeavoured to prove that the Kings of Scotland had done
homage and paid fealty for their kingdom to the Kings of
England as lords paramount; so distasteful was this doc-
trine to the parliament of Scotland, that they ordered the
offensive production in which it was contained to be burned
by the common hangman, whilst Dr. Anderson, for his an-
swer to this alleged libel, under the title of An Historical
Essay, showing that the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland
is Imperial and Independent, received a vote of thanks from
the same august body. See Aniierso.v, James. Atwood
was Chief-Justice of New York, but fled in 1702.
Auale, Lemeke, A Commemoration or Dirge of
Bastardo Edmoude Boner, alias Sauage, vsuqied Bisshoppe
of London. Compiled by Lemeke Auale, lo69.
" A most virulent piece of persouiU invective, written in the
Skeltonic measui-e, in whii-h the descent of Bonner is pretended
Xio be traced from a juggler, a cut-purse, and a Tom o'Bedlam."
Bindley's sale, £3 15y.
Auber, Peter, Secretary to the East India Co.
Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company,
and of the laws passed by Parliament for the government
of their affairs at home and abroad, Lon., 1826.
" A valuable and useful publication."
Rise and Progress of the Brit. Power in India, 1837.
" A valuable work, in the preparation of which the author en-
joyed access, from his position, to official materials of the most
importaut character."
Aubert, Alex.V., 1729-1805, President of the Society
of Antiquaries, contributed to Phil. Trans. 1769, 76, 83, 84.
Aubiii,P, Lileand Advcn.of the Lady Lucy.Lon.,1726.
Aubrey, John, 1627-1697, an eminent antiquary and
naturalist, was entered a gentleman-commoner of Trinity
Coll., Oxf., in 1642. His '■Miscellanies" is a very curious
collection of remarks upon a variety of supernatural sub-
jects, such as Transportation in the Air, Day Fatality,
Local Fatalitj', Blows Invisible, Knockings, Impulses,
Converse with Angels and Spirits, <te. ; pub. in 1696, and
often reprinted. He left a number of works in MS. His
Perambulation of the County of Surrey, with additions
of Dr. llawlinson, 5 vols., was pub. 1719-25. In 1813,
appeared Letters written by eminent Persons in 17th and
18th Centuries, with Lives of Eminent Men, by John
Aubrey, 3 vols. Aubrey's Collection for Wilts was pub-
lished in 1821. Anthony Wood, who has drawn consider-
ably in his Athen. Oxon. from Aubrey's biographical jMSS.,
speaks highly of him in the second volume of his Fasti,
and in his History of the University of Oxford; but after
his quarrel with him, he gives him the character of
'■ A sliitik'ss person, roving and magotii.'-headed, and sometimes
little better than erased. And being exceedingly cri;dulous, would
stuff his many letters sent to A. W. with fooleries and misinforma^
tions, which sometimes would guide him into the paths of error."
Mr. Toland remarks of our author —
"Though he was extremely superstitious, or seemed to be so,
yet he was a very honest man, and most accurate in his account
of matters of fact. But the facts he knew, not the reflections he
made, were what I wanted."
"^Vhatever Wood, in a peevish humour, may have thought or
said of Mr. Aubrey, by whose labours he highly profited, or how-
ever fentastical Aubrey may have been on the subject of chemistry
Or ghosts, his character for veracity has never beeu impea,ched;
and as a very diligent antiquary, his testimony is worthy of at-
tention."— M ALONE.
It is worthy of observation that Wood's account of
Milton was literally transcribed from Aubrey's MS., who
was intimately acquainted with the great poet. Gifford
despatches Aubrey in his usual Jeffrey style:
*' Whoever expects a rational account of any fact, however
trite, from Aubrey, will meet with disappointment. . . . Aubrey
thouu'ht little, believed much, and confused every thing." — Life.
I of B- n. Jiiux'iii.
I ' But Mr. Gifford is not infallible. Sir Richard Colt
61
AUB
Hoare. whatever he "expected." was not "disappointed,"
in finding much valuable matter in Aubrey's MSS. ; wit-
ness Sir Richard's excellent work on the Antiquities of
Wiltshire.
Dr. Symmons has thought proper to take our author se-
verely to task after this fashion :
■■ Whiit credit can be due to this Mr. Aubrey, who picked up in-
formation on tlie hi'^hway. and scattered it everywhere as authen-
tic? . . . and who. uiaking our youn^; yhakspeare a butchers
boy, could embrue his hands in the blood of calves, and repre-
sent him as exulting in poetry over the convulsions of the dying
animals';"
Now we cannot see that the gravamen of this indict-
ment, when sifted a little, amounts to any thing very for-
midable. " Information on the highway" may be unex-
ceptionahly authentic; the Royal Psalmist deprecates the
publicity of the "streets of Askolon," and we are assured
on the best authority that " Wisdom crieth without, and
uttereth her voice in the streets:" the juvenile Wolsey,
who certainly was possessed of no ordinary genius, doubt-
less had often "embrued his hands in the blood of calves,"
AUS
Almiinack, 1802. Abridg't of Law's Unlawfulness of Stage
Pl.ays.
Audley, Matt. Christ. Moderation and Peace, 1705.
Audlcy, Matt. Sermons pub. 1739-75.
Audubon, John James, 1780-1851, an eminent
American Ornithologist, was the son of an admiral in the
French navy, who settled on a plantation in Louisiana.
After some attention to commercial pursuits, Mr. Audubon
concluded to follow the bent of his native taste, and devote
his time to ornithological investigations. He travelled for
a long time, collecting materials of the most valuable cha-
racter, which he was afterwards persuaded to give to the
world. Accordingly in 1826. he visited Europe, to pro-
cure subscribers for his " Birds of America." His recep-
tion w.as most gratifying. Cuvier, Herschel, and Hum-
boldt, Brewster, Wilson, Jcfl'rey, and Sir Walter Scott,
evinced a lively interest in his success. His great work
was completed in 87 parts, (1828, etc.,) elephant folio, con-
taining 448 plates of birds of the natural size, beautifully
coloured, published at £182 14».. ($1U0U.) This work em-
and Shaksneare senior was probably much better pleased ! braced 5 vols. fol. of engravmgs, and 6 vols. 8vo of letter-
with his son's reciting poetry over the evidence of his in- I press, the latter of which constitutes the American Orni-
A„.tr^ Ir, .nirlino- bis father's labours, than he would have thological Biography. At the time of handing his hrst
dustry in aiding his father's lahours, than he
been with his writing poetry, and leaving his parent to do
all the work himself. As to the triumphal song, which so
excites the doctor's ire, we submit that the accusation is
not established by the record : Aubrey says that " when
he killed a calfe, he would do it in a hirjh sljjie, and make a
speech." Now what is there in this that proves the charge
of exultation ? What is there that forbids the supposition
of an ejiicedc, rather than a prean ? And an epicede we
contend it was, and challenge Dr. Symmons and the whole
Society of Antiquaries at his back, to disprove our allega-
tion. Moreover, does not Maister Aubrey tell us that our
great bard was not only "a handsome, well-shaped man,"
but also " vcrie good company, and of a very ready and plea-
sant and smooth witt !" But to be serious, we might find
graver faults with Dr. Symmons's Life of Shakspeare than
he can with " Maister Aubrey's" " information." We do
not pretend to insist upon the infallibility of Aubrey, but
it struck us as barely possible that living as he did with
the contemporaries of Shakspeare, he might happen to
know as much of his history as Dr. Symmons, and others,
who favoured the world with their narrations some two
centuries later.
Aubry, M. Oxonii Dux Poeticus, Ac, Oxon. 1795. A
poet, trans, entitled, The Beauties of Oxford, by W. Wills.
Aubrey, or Awbrey, William, 1520-1505, was
elected Fellow of All Souls Coll., Oxf.. in 1547, and Regius
Professor of Civil Law, in 1553. His writiug.s remain in
manuscript, with the exception of some letters pub. in
Strype's Life of Grindal.
" A person he w.as of exiiuisite learning and singular prudence,
and therefore mentioned with honour by Thuanus and others.
... He wrote several Letters to his cousin. Br. ,Iohn Dee, concern-
ing the sovereignty of the seas, some of which I have seen."— Wood.
He also wrote something respecting the reformation of
the Court of Arches, in 1576. Ono of his descendants re-
marks,
" lie engrossed all the wit of the iamily, so that none descended
from hiui can pret^^ud to any."
Auchincloss, J., D. D., wrote an answer to that
miserable tissue of ignorance, folly, and profanity, Paine's
Age of Reason : The Sophistry of the first part of Paine's
A°e of Reason, or a Rational Vindication of the Holy
Scriptures, as a Positive Revelation from God, with the
causes of Deism ; in three sermons, Lou., 1706. See Wat-
son. RlOHARD.
Auchinleck, Hugh B. A Dissertation upon the
Chron. of Ibc .Judges of Israel; Trans. Irish Acad., 1800.
Auehmuty, Kobt., d. 1750, of a SeottLsh family,
settled in Boston, where he was appointed Judge of the
Court of Admiralty in 1703, and .again in 1733. He wrote
The Importance of Cape Breton to the British Nation, (with
a plan of taking the place.) Lou., 1745.
Auckland, Wm. Eden, Lord, d. 1814, a diploma-
tist of note, pub, a number of works on Political Economy
and general politics. The Principles of Penal Law, Lon,,
1771. On the Population of Englaml. in answer to Dr.
Price, 1786. History of New Holland, 17,87. Remarks on
. the Apparent Circumstances of the War, in Oct.. 1705, etc.
Audley, Lady Eleanor. Strange and WondorfnU
Prophecies, Lon., llilO: and other tracts.
Audley, J. A Scrnion on Harvest.
Audley, Jas. Lord, Earl of Castlehaven. Me-
moirs of his Engagement, ikc. in the Wars of Ireland, from
1642 to 1651. Loii., 1680.
Audley, John, of Cambridge. A Companion to the
82
ogical Biography.
drawings to the engraver, he had no subscribers, and his
friends endeavoured to dissuade him from what they deemed
a rash enterprise. But he was not to be deterred: "My heart
was nerved, and my reliance upon that Power on whom
all must depend brought bright anticipations of success."
On the completion of this great undertaking, he writes,
" Once more surrounded by all the membera of my dear family,
eryoying the countenance of numerous friends who have never
deserted me. and possessing a competent share of all that can ren-
der life agreeable. I look up with gratitude to the Supreme Being
and feel that I am happy." See Griswold's Prose Writers of Am.
Newed. of the Birds of America, 7 vols. imp. Svo, 1844,
500 plates, being a reduced ed. (d' the larger work.
Quadrupeds of North America, 3 vols, double medium
folio, 150 plates, and 3 vols. 8vo, letter-press. The draw-
ings were made liy Mr. Audubon ami his sons Victor Gif-
ford and John AVoodhouse. Same work reduced, 3 vols.
Svo, 155 plates. 1853 : the letter-press was prepared princi-
pally by Mr. A.'s friend, Rev. Dr. Bachman, of S. Carolina.
" AVhen the celebrated Buffon had completed the ornithological
portion of his great work on n.itural history, he announced with
unhesitating assurance, that he had ' finished the history of the
birds of the world.' Twenty centuries had served for the dis-
covery of only eight hundred species, but this number seemed
immense, and the short-sighted naturalist declared that the list
would admit of ' no m.-iterial augmentation,' which embraced
hardly a sixteenth of those now known to exist. To this asto-
nishing advance of the science of ornithology, no one has con-
tributed more than Audubon, by his magniticent painting and
fascinating history. ... lie has indispntalde claims to a respect-
able rank as a man of letters. Some of his written pictures of
birds, so gnaceful. clearly defined, and brilliantly coloured, are
scarcely inferior to the productions of his pencil. His powers of
general description are also remark.able." — Gbiswold.
"These are works with which critics have not much to do; or
with respect to which, they can only discharge that part of their
duty which is genenUly thought to give the least pleasure — we
mean praise. No one can see these splendid drawings, and com-
pan> th.in with the ordin.Trv illustrations of n.atural history, in
which ;iMiiii:ils .-ii'iirar as spiritless as if they had been sitting for
their ix.rtraits, without admiiiiig his taste and skill. ... If Mr.
Audubon had contented himself with Linnean descriptions, he
would have h.ad the honour of discovering more birds than
readers." — A'. Ameriatn Review.
"The hearts of all warmed towards Audulxtn who were capable
of conceiving the difficulties, dangers, and sacrifices, that must
have been encountered, endured, and overcome, before genius
could have embodied these, the glory of its innumerable tri-
umphs. . . . The m.an himself is just what you would expect from
his production : full of fine enthusiasm, and intelligence, most in-
teresting in his looks and manners, a perfect gentleman, and
esteemed bv .all who know him for the .simplicity and frankness
of his nature. He is the greatest artist in his own walk that ever
lived." — PiioFEssiin Wilson.
" .'Vudubnirs woiks are the most splendid monuments which art
has erected in liminur of ornithology." — Cuvier.
Auerell, Wm. A wondcrfuU and straunge Newes,
Lon.. 1583. A maruailous Combat of Contrarieties, 1588.
Four notable Histories. 1590.
Aungell, Jno. The Agreement of the holye Fathers
anil Doctors of the Chnrche vpon the ehiefcst Religion,
Lon.. 1555 ; dedicated to " Q. M:irye. wyfe to Phillip."
Aungerville. Sec Richard de Etinv.
Aurelius, Abr. Liber Johi Poetica Metaphr.asis Ex-
plicatus. Lon.. 1632. Epithnlamium in Nuptias Frederici
V. et Eliz. Jacobi. Regis, Filia>, Lon., 1634.
Austen. The Loiterer : a Period. Work, Oxf., 17S9-90.
.\usten, .lane, 1775-1817, was a native of Steventon,
in Hamiishirc, of which place her father was rector for 40
years. Her novels are held in high estimation. She
wrote Sense and Sensibility. Pride and Prejuilice, Mans-
field P.ark, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion:
AUS
AWD
the last two were posthumous j the first four were pub.
anonymously.
'■ K-nior and Austen have given portraits of real society far su-
poriur to any thing vain man has produced of the like nature.
I ri-ad again, and, for the third time. Miss Austin's very
iinely written novel of Pride ajid Prejudice. That young lady
had a talent for descril>ing the involvements, feelings, and cha-
rai-ters of ordinary life, wtiich is to me the must wonderful I have
ever met with. The big bow-wow 1 can do myself like any one
going; but the exquisite touch, which renders common-place
things and charact^^rs interesting from the truth of the descrip-
tion." ami the sentiment, is denied to me. What a pity so gifted a
creature died so early V'Sir Walier .Scotfs Duiry.
'- Her works may be safely recommended, not only as among
the most unexceptionable of their class, but as combining, in an
eminent degree, instruction with amusement, though without the
direct ellort at the former, of which we have complained as some-
times defeating its object. For those who cannot or will nut ham
any thing from productions of this kind, she has provided enter-
tainment which entitles her to thanks ; for mere innocent amuse-
ment is in itself a good, when it interferes with no greater, especi-
ally as it may occupy the place of some other that may not be in-
nocent. The Kastern monarch, who proclaimed a reward to him
who should discover a new pleasure, would have deserved well of
mankind had he stipulated that it should be blameless. Those,
again, who delight in the study of human nature, may improve
ill the knowledge of it. and iu the pmtitiiMi' appliiation of that
knowledge, by the perusal of such ti<li'>ns as tUnyLi before us."—
Arciihisiiop Weh.tf.ly: Qu-irtTly lienew^ INJl.
Austen, Ralph, d. 1676. Treatise of Fruit Trees,
kc.y and the Spiritual use of an Orchard, or Garden of
Fruit Trees, set forth in divers similitudes, Oxf., 1673,
commended by the Hon. Robt. Boyle. Dialogue. &c.. be-
tween the Ilusb'n and Fruit Trees in his Nur.-5eries. 1676.
Austin, Adam. On Electricity; Ess. Pbys. and Lit.
Austin, Benj. Work on the Trinity, Lun., 1650.
Austin, Benj., 1752-182U, a violent democratic
writer of Boston, U. S. America. His political writings,
pub. iu the Chronicle, under the signature of " Old South,"
were collected in a vol. 1S03, under the title of " Consti-
tution.al Republicanism."
Austin, Gilbert. Sermon. Dub.. 1791. Chironomica,
Lon., 1SU6. Con. on Natural Thilosuphy to Phil. Trans,
and Trans. Iri.-^h Acad.
Austin, James Trecotliie, b. 1784, Boston. Life
of his father-in-law, Elbridge Gerry, with contemporary
letters to the close of the American Revolution, Bost., 1S28,
8vo. Numerous addresses, discourses, ifec.
Austin, John, d. 1669, a writer of the time of the
Commonwealth. The Christian Moderator, or Persecution
for Religion condemned by Wm. Birchley, Lon., 1651.
"In this the author frequently attacks the doctrine of the
pope's deposing power." — C. liiTLER.
Among other works he pub. an Answer to Tillotson's
Rule of Faith.
Austin, John. Con. to Trans. Sue. Arts, 1S06.
Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence De-
termined, Lon., 1832.
'■This is acknowledged to be one of the most valuable contribu-
tions to the philosophy of Law and Legislation that has been pro-
duced in modern times, and entitles the author to rank with
the satyrical wits of this university, who. having easily got some
of his prose and poetry, served him as the wits did Tho. Coryate
in his time, and published them under these titles, Naps upon
Parnassus. A Sleepy Muse Wipt and Pincht, though not Awak-
ened, &c., Lon., 16yt>, Oct. Characters — printed with the former.
Both which were ushered into the world by more than twenty
copies of verses (advantaging the sale of the book) by such that
had the name of. or at least pretended to be, poets."
" A Panegyric on K. Ch. II., l.oii., lilt 11, Oct., wherein, just aft^r
the preface, he promised to publish smne poems, conditionally the
same Paneg. to<jk, the subjects of which are there set down. But
what prevented him, unless death, which happened about the
plague year in ltj57. I cannot tell.'
Austin, Samuel, 1760-18.tO, President of the Uni-
versity of Vermont, was successively settled as minister
at Fiiirhaven. Conn., and Worcester, Mass.
His most important works are: View of the Church;
Theological E.^says; Letters on Baptism, Ae., pub. 1805-12.
Austin, Mrs. Sarah, b. about the commencement of
the present century, belonging to the celebrated Taylor
family of Norwich, Eng., and wife of John Au.stin, bar-
rister of London. She occupies a deservedly high position
as "having introduced the finest types of the (Jerman
mind to the knowledge and appreciation of the English
reader." 1. Characteristics of Goethe, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo.
2. Colleetion of Fragments from the German Prose Writers,
illustrated with Biographical Notes. 3. Considerations on
National Education, 12mo. 4. Sketches of Germany from
1760 to 1814, p. 8vo. 5. Story without an End; several
edits. 6. Selectinns from the Old Testament, 12mo. 7-
Letters on Girls' Schools, 12mo. Ranke's History of the
Reformation in Germany. Ranke's History of the Popes.
" Of this translation we need only say that it is such as might
be expected from the skill, the taste, and the scrupulous integrity
of the accomplished lady who, as an interpreter between the
mind of Germany and the mind of Britain, has already deserved
so well nf both conntries."— T. B. Macaulat: Edin. Rev., 1S40.
Austin, Wm., of Lincoln's Inn. Devotionis Augug-
tinianaj Flamma, or Devout, Godly, and Learned Medita-
tions, Lon., 1635.
" This work gives us a favourable idea nf the piety of the author."'
Hfec Homo, or the Excellency of the Creation of Wo-
man, Lon., 1637.
"Taken in some degree from Agrippa de Nobilitate et Proscei-
lentia l-'aminei Sextus.''
'• He was a friend of James Howell, to whom he communicated
a poem which he had written on the Passion of Christ, and other
poems, which Iloweli strongly urged him to publish, iu a letter
written in Iti^s."
Austin, Wm., has been supposed to be the son of tho
prececling. Atlas under Olympus, 1664. The Anatomy
of the Pestilence, 1066.
Austin, Wm. An Exam, of the First Six Books of
Euclid's Elements, Oxf., 1781.
Austin, Wm,, M.D., d. 1793. A Treatise on the
Stone, Lon., 1791, (reviewed by Dr. Murray Forbes.) Con.
to Phil. Trans.. 1788-90.
Austin, Wm., 1778-1841, lawyer of Mass., grad.
Harvard Coll., 1798. 1. Oration on tue Anniversary of the
Battle of Bunker's Hill, Charlestown, 1801 ; 2d od. 2.
Hooker and Montesfjuieu. .leremy Uentham. in his Principles of , Letters from London, written during the Years 1802-03,
Morals and Legislation, has in part_ occupied the same field, but | g^^^.^^ ^g^^^ ^^^ 3_ j^^^..^^ ^^ f^^ Human Character of
his work falls iUr below the one under eousideratiou." — JUarvin^s
Lrgal Bibl.
'■The style of Professor Austin's Treatise is so condensed as to
defy a just abridgment."
" We should find it difficult to name any one book from which
we learnt so much, as from that — Mr. Austin's Province of Juris-
prudence Determined." — Lon, Jurist.
Austin, Rev. John Mather, b. 1805, N. Y. Voice
to Youth. Voice to the Married. Sunday-School Expo-
sition. Life of Jolm (iujiicy Adams, Ac.
Austin, Jonathan Loring, 1748-1826, b. in Bos-
ton. Life of Elbridge Gerry, his father-in-law, 8vo. Con-
tributed to the Christian Examiner and other journals.
Austin, Samuel, the elder, b. 1606, entered Exeter
Coll., Oxf., in 1623. Whilst at college he pub. Austin's
Urania, or the Heavenly Muse, in a poem, full of Medita-
tions, for the Comfort of all Souls at all Times, Lon., 1629.
Austin, Samuel, the younger, 1636-1665?, sou of
the preceding, entered Wadham Coll., Oxf., in 1652.
Wood deals him no gentle blow in his account of his
father, where he says,
" He had a son of both his names, (a conceited coxcomb.) wh'i
endeavoured to Patrizaire, tiut through his t^xceeding vanity and
folly he was made use of. as another Tho. Coryate. liy certain' poets
of Oxon. in their respective copies of verses set befiuv his Naps on
Parnassus. Ac, printed 1658, as I shall tell you in iny other
Volume of Writers."
Anthony keeps his promise, and when be reaches our un-
fortunate poet, he again administers unsparing castigsition :
"Such was the vanity of this person, that he. being e>tremely
conceited of his own Morth. and over-valuing his poeliral fancy,
more than tliat of Cleveland, who was then accounted by the
Bravadoes tho Hectoring Prince of Poets, fell into the hands of
i Jesus Christ, 1807. 4. Peter Kugg, the Missing Man.
Anther, John. Divine litems on Various Subjects.
Auvergne, E. D'. See D'Auvbugne,
Avenant, D'. See Davenant.
Avery, Benj. Sermon on Micah vi. 5, 1773.
Aveshury, ISobt. de, d. i:i56, an early English his-
torian, lie styles himself Register of the Archbishop of
Canterbury's Court. Roberti de Avesbnry Historia dc ,Mira-
bilibusGestisEdwardi Ill.hactenus inedita h Th. Heurne,
Oxon., 1720. Appendicem etiam subvexuit in fpia inter
aliacontinentur. Letters of King Henry VIII. to Anne Uo-
leyn. Avesbury's history comes down no farther than lo56.
■• In this work we have a plain narrative of facts, with an appa-
rent candour and impartialitv ; liut his chief excellence lies iu his
accuracy in point of dates, and his stating all public actions from
records, rather than from his own nutions." — Chalmers.
Avison, Chas., 1710-1770. an ingenious English
musician. An Essay on Musical Expression, Lon., 1751.
" An amusing and ingenious performance, written with a view
of exalting tieminiiini. Marcello. and Itauieau, at the expense of
llandel. Shortly after appeared Kemarks, (by Hayes,; to which
Avison replied." — Lowndes.
Awbrey, Tim. Sermons, pub. 1715-31.
Awdeley, John, a printer of some note between the
years 1559-1580, "appears to have been an author of se-
veral productions, serious ballads, and short moral pieces.
... An Epitathe upon the Death of Mayster John Viron,
1562. A Poem upon Eccl. xx., *Kemember death, and
thou shalt never Sinne/ 1569. ' The Cruel Assault of God's
Fort:' without date. Some original stanzas before Gre-
AWS
gory ScotVs Brief Treatise against certayne Errors, 15741."'
— R'ise's Biog. Diet.
Awsiter, John, M.B. Prof. Works, Lon., 1763-69.
Axferd, John. Coins, Weights, and Measures of
the Bible.
Ayckbourn, Hubert. The New Chancery Practice;
a condensed Treatise of the Practice of the Court of Chan-
cery, as altered by the recent statutes and orders j
2ded.
In connexion with T. Ayckbourn, Chancery Practice j
5th ed., 1S55, 12mo. Furms of Proceedings in Chancery,
13mo; 5th ed., 1855.
Ayerigg, Benj. Wedding Sermon, 1 Cor. vii. 20, 1715.
Ayers, Ph. The Fortunate Foul.
Ayerst, Wm. The Duty and Motives of Praying for
Peace. Ps. cxxii. 6-9. 1712.
Aylesbury, Thomas. Sermons, pub. 1622-59.
Aylesbury, Wni, Trans, into English, Davila's His-
tory of the Civil Wars of France.
" The kin;; [Charles I.] was pleased to command him to translate
Davila's History, (he beinf; a perfect master of the Italian lan-
guage.) which he did with liie assistance of his constant friend, Sir
Charles Cotterel."
Aylett, Geo. Surgical Works, Lon., 1744-59.
Aylett, Robl, LL.I)., a Master in Chancery. Peace
with her four Garders; (including Susanna, &c.,) Lon.,
1622. A Wife not ready made, but bespokea, 1653. A
poetical Pleading for and against Marriage. Divine and
moral Speculations, 1654. Devotions ; viz. : 1. A good Wo-
man's Prayer. 2. The humble Man's Prayer, 1655. See
Censura Literaria; Rostituta; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Dr.
Aylett gives the following as liis own epitaph.
" Hiec suprema dies, sit mihi prinui quies."
" Lord ! let this lust be my first day of rest." — Restitutn.
Wood states that it was the common report that Bobt.
Aylett was the author of Britannia Antirpia lUustrata,
published under the name of his nephew. Aylett Sammes.
When speaking of this unlucky gentlemen, old Anthony
** remembers his swashing blow," and disposes of him in
the following trenchant style:
'• The common report then was, that not he, but his quondam
Uncle, was the aiitljor; and to confirm it, was his great ii^norance
in Matters and Itooks of Antiquity. I was several times in his
company when he spent sonae weeks this Year in Oxon., and found
him to be an impertinent, pirninci;. [srinnini;.] and podanlical cox-
eomb: and so li^norant of Authors, that he never heard, before I
mentioned it to him, of the great Antiquary, John Leland, or of his
printed or manuscript Works, nor any tbiuf^ of Baleus; nor could
he giTG any account of Authors that are quoted in the said Brit-
tannia Antiqua lUustrata, Ac."
Ayleway, or Ayleworth, Wm. Epithalamia in
Nuptias Caroii II., Lon., 1652. Sermon, 1662. Metaphy-
sica Scholastica, *fee., Colon., 1675.
Ayliffe, John, LL.D., a Fellow of New College in
Oxford, pub. The Ancient and Present State of the Uni-
versity of O.xford, (Lon., 1714,) compiled chiefly from
Wood's History of Oxford. The work gave so much offence
from alleged aspersions and misrepresentation.-*, that an
order was decreed consigning it to the hands of the hang-
man to be burnt, and Ayliffe was degraded, and expelled
the University. In 1716 he pub. an account of this matter
in this " Case." He also gave to the world, 1. Parergon
Juris Canonici Anglicani. 1726; 2. The Law of Pawns,
Lun., 17:52; A New Pandect of the Koman Civil Law, 1734.
"Ayliffe's work, thoui^h learned, is dull and tedious, and stuffed
with superfluous matter, delivered in a most coufused manner." —
Prefacf to Broum's Civ. Law.
Aylmer,G.J. Introduc. to Prac. Arithmetic, Lon. ,1812.
Aylmer, or /Elmer, John, 1521-1594, an eminent
English prelate, was at one time chaplain to tho Marquis
of Dorset, afterwards Duke of Suffolk, and tutor to his
daughter. Lady Jane Grey. See Ascham, Roger. In
the convocation hehl in the first year of Queen Mary, he
was one of the six learned men who offered to dispute all
the controverted points in religion against the most learned
champions of the Papists. Obliged to leave his country,
he found a quiet retreat at Zurich. Whilst abroad, he
answered a treatise pub. by John Knox, at Geneva, in
155S, against the government of women. The title of this
answer is sufficiently curious to be extracted :
"An Harborowe for Ciithfull and trewo subiectes. against the
late blowiie Blaste concerning the Gouermet of Wemen; wherein
be confuted al such reasons as a straunger of late made in th;itbe-
halfe. With a Brief Exhortation to Obedience. Strasb.. \^b9, 4to."
Upon the accession of Elizabeth, he returned, and in
1562 was made Archdeacon of Lincoln, and in 1576 was
promoted to the bishopric of London, upon the translation
of Bishop Sandys to York.
" lie was well learned in the languages, was a ready disputant,
and a deep divine." — Athn. Oxon.
Wood tells us of an instance of his tact in excitincr the
84
AYS
jettention of an inattentive auditory, which device, or
something e(fually efficacious, we commend to some preach-
ers of our own day.
" \\ hen bis Auditory grew dull and inattentive be would, with
Bome pretty and unexpected conceit, move them to attention.
Among the rest was this: He read a long Text in Hebrew, where-
upon all seemed to listen what would come after such strange
AVords, as if thev had taken it for some conjuration: then he
shewed their folly, that when he spake English, whereby they
might be instructed and edified, they neglected, and hearkened
not to it; and now to read Hebrew, which they imderstood no
word of. they seem'd carefid and attentive."
Aylmer, John. Musse Sacra: sen Jonas, Jeremiae,
Threni. et Danijv, Grteco redditt^e, carmine. Oxon., 1652.
Aylmer, Justin. Assize Sermon : 1 Pet. ii. 7, 1704.
Aylmer, Wm., a convert from Popery. A Recanta,-
tion Scruiuu. on 2 Pet. ii. 1, against the errors of Popery,
particularly Transubstantiation, *tc., Oxon., 1713.
Aylofle, Sir Joseph, 1709-1781, adistiuguished anti-
quary, was entered at St. John's College, Oxf. in 1724. He
completed a Calendar of the Ancient Charters, and of the
Scotch and AVelsh Rolls in the Tower of London, (pub.
Lon., 17S0,) commenced by the Rev. Philip Morant, He
contributed some papers to the Archeologia, {see vol. iii.,
pp. is.i, 2;j'j, 376,) and aided in editing second editions of
Hearne's Leland's CoUecteana, his Liber Niger, and hia
Curious Discourses. Mr. Thorp had the benefit of his ser-
vices in the publication of the Registrum Roffense, in
1709. Ho also contributed to the publication of the So-
ciety of Antiquaries, and to the Vetusta Monumenta. Mr.
Gough, referring to his own Sepulchral Monuments of
Great Britain, thus deplores the loss of our author, to
whom he applies a title which few men better deserved
than Mr. Gough himself:
" The Society of Antiquaries have published engravings of Five
Monuments in 'Westminster Abbey, with an accurate description
by the MontCiucon of Kngland, the late Sir .Joseph Ayloffe. When
I reflect on his intimate acquaintance with every part of that
valuable structure, and the opportunities he had for pursuing
his inquiries thiie. I am at a loss whether to lament his reluctance
to continue what he had so happily begun, or my own presumption
in attempting to supply his knowledge by vain conjectures. lie
closed a life devoted Ui the study of our National Antiquities be-
fore three sheets of this work had passed the press; and it can
only pay a tribute to his aliilities." — Nichols's Literary Anrcd'iti-s.
" His extensive knowledge of our national antiquities and mu-
nicipal rights, and the agreeable manuL-r in which he communi-
cated it to his friends and the publii-, made him sincerely regretted
by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance."
Ayme, Isaac. Trichiasis admodumrara, Ac, Lon. ,16S4.
Aymes, John. A Rich Storehouse for the Diseased,
Lon., 1070.
Ayray, Jas. A Sermon at the Spanish Ambassador's
Chnpel, on John i. 19, 16S9.
Ayre, John. The Mystery of Godliness, Lon., 1837-
Ayre, Joseph. Christian Philauthro]u.-t's Pilgrim-
age ; a Poem, Lou., 12mo. Nature and Origin of Dropsies,
Svo. Disorders of the Liver, 8vo. Treatment of Cholera
by Calomel, Svo. Dropsy in the Brain, Svo.
Ayre, Wm, Memories of Alex. Pope, Lon., 1745;
Four Ethic Epistles opposing some of Mr. Pope's Opinions
of Man., 1752.
Ayres, J. A. Legends of Montauk, 12mo, N. Y.
Ayres, John. Works upon Arithmetic and Writing,
1693-1700. The most celebrated penman of his day.
Ayres, P. Emblems of Love, 16S7; Poems, 1687;
Fables, Lnn.. 16Sy.
Ayres, \V. T. Notes on Blackstone's Com., Dub., 17S0.
Severely criticized in the Lon. ^Monthly Review.
Ayrton, John. Pharmacologia, or the History of
Medical Substances. 1818.
Ayrton, S. Practice in Bankruptcy, Lon., 1840.
Ayrton, Edmund, d. 1808, an Eng. musical composer,
Ayscoufih, Francis. Sermons pub. 1736-55.
Ayscouj;;h, Geo. Edward, edited the Works of
George, Lord Lyttleton, 1744: pub. Somiramis, a Tra-
gedy, 1777 ; Letters from an Ofiicer, 1778.
Aysconi^h, Philip. Sermon. Rom. i. 19, 1729, etc.
Ayscough, Saml., 1745-1804, a clergyman, for about
twenty years assistant librarian in tho British Museum.
In 1783 Mr. Ayscough pub. Remarks on the Letters of an
American Farmer, or a Detection of the Errors of Mr. J.
Hector St. John. Ac. Charles Lamb refers to the work
reviewed in a letter in 1805 :
" Oh ! tell Ilazlitt not to forget to send me the American Farmer.
I dare say it is not so good a book as he fancies ; but a book's a book."
Catalogue of the MSS. Preserved in the British Museum,
hitherto undescribed, consisting of 5000 volumes, &c.,
Lon., 1782.
''This elaborate catalogue is upon a new plan, for the excellence
of whii-h an appeal may safely be made to every visitor of the
Museum since the date of its publication." — CuAUIKRS.
AYS
AYS
Mr. Ayscough, Dr. Maty, and Mr. Harper each contri-
buted a third of the labour in the preparation of Catii-
logiies Librurum Iiupressurum, qui in Museo Britaunico
ad servantur, 2 vols, folio, 1787.
In 1790, Mr. Stoekdale pub. a new edition of the works
of Shakspeare. with a *' Copious Index to the remarkable
Passages and Words," by Mr. Ayscough. The first octavo
edition of the great bard in one volume was put forth by
Mr. Stoekdale in 1784. Some objected to the bulk of the
volume, and in the above edition a second title-page was
printed for the convenience of those who chose to biud
the work in two volumes.
"But the most valuable circumstance attending this edition is
the extensive index to Shakspeare, which occupies nearly 700
pa^es, . . . Indices, useful in ireueral. are still more so in the case
of such authors as f^hakespeare, wlinse lanfruage has in many
places become obsolete and oliscure from time. . . . An index,
like the present, will often be fnund to throw more light on a dif-
ficult passage of our cfU-l, rated bard, than all his commentators
put totrether." — Lon. M^mthly Hericw,
We need hardly say that Mr. Ayscough's index, and all
other works of a similar character, have been entirely su-
perseded by the invaluable Concordance to Shakspeare of
Mrs. Mary Cowdeu Clarke. {See her name.) Mr. Ays-
cough also compiled indexes for the Monthly Review,
The British Critic, the first 56 yearly volumes of the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, &c.
"His labours in literature were of the most useful cast, and
manifested a patience and assiduity seldom to be met with; and
his laborious exertions in the vast and invaluable library of the
British Museum, form a strikin^j; instance nf his zeal and indefati-
gable attention. He soon acpiiivd tliat sli-ht d.-irree of knowledge
in several langua^^es. and that tciliniral knnwledge of old books
and of their authors, and particularly that skill in decyphering dif-
ficult writing, which amply answered the most useful purposes of
the librarian as well as the visiting scholar." — Chalmers.
Mr. Ayscough died at his apartments in the British Mu-
seum, Oct. 30, 1804. We avail ourselves of this oppor-
tunity to recommend most earnestly to all authors and
publishers the adoption, in all cases where books are of
any permanent value, of a copious index. Which of our
readers of a literary turn has not, perhaps a dozen times
in a day, replaced a book on its shelf, in disappointment and
disgust, knowing that some passage was there to which he
wished to refer, but which, after an exhaustion of time and
patience, he was unable to find from the want of a good
index ? It is well remarked by the Lon. Monthly Review :
" The compilation of an index is one of those useful labours for
which the public, commonly better pleased with entertainment
than with real service, are rarely so forward to express their grati-
tude as we think they ought to be. It has been considered as a
task fit only for the plodding and the dull : but with more truth,
it may be said that this is the judgment of the idle and the shal-
low. The value of any thing, it has been observed, is best known
by the want of it. Agreeably to this idea, we, who have often ex-
perienced great inconveniences from the want of indices, entertain
the highest sense of their worth and importance. We know that,
in the construction of a good index, there is tar more scope for the
exercise of judgment and abilities, than is commonly supposed.
■\\ e feel the merits of the compiler of such an index, and we are
ever ready to testify our thankfulness for his exertions."
Authors and editors are often deterred from making an
index by the fear of labour: but this is no excuse; if the
book be worth publishing, it is worth an index, and the
labour can be much reduced by system.
" A youth of IS has transcribed the whole of Xenophon's Cyri
Expeditio. in order to an Index; and has entered upon Thucy-
dides for the same purpose. Another young man here has attacked
Harduin's folio edition of Themistius: aiid the senior youths of
Magdalen School in Oxford are jointly composing an Index to the
first volume of Dr. Battles Isocrates. . . . Give me leave to ob-
serve to you that experience has shown us a wav of saving much
time (perhaps more than half of the whole time required) in trans-
cribing an Author for an Index, by first transcribing all the words
of a page, and then getting down the number of thepaireand line
after each word of the page, instead of adding the number imme-
diately as each word is written." (The learned Mr. Merrick in a
letter to Dr. W barton.) — Nichols's Literary Anecdotes-, vol. iv.
The following remarks abundantly support our position :
" Those authors, whose subjects require them to be voluminous,
wdl do well, if they would be remembered as long as possible, not
to omit a duty which authors in treneral, but especially modern
authurs. are too apt to neglect— that of appending to their works
a good mdex. For their deplorable deficiencies in this respect,
Proft-ssor De Morgan, speaking of historians, assigns the curious
reason, ' that they think to oblige their readers to go throu<-h them
from bemnning to end. by making this the only wav of coming at
the contents of their volumes. Thev are much mistaken; and
they might learn from their own mode of dealing with the writ-
ings of others, how their own will he used in turn.' We think
that the unwise indolence of authors has probably had much more
to do with the matter than the reason thus humorously assigned ;
hut the fact which he proceeds to mention is incontestably true!
*l\0 WRITER (of this class) is so MrCH READ AS THE ONE WHo'maKKS
A GOOD ixDEx.— OR SO MDCH cited."'~Henrt Eogers: The Vamlu
and Glory of LiU'rature.
Among modern works which might be mentioned as
presenting copious indexes are Ball's edition of Robert-
son's Works, Lon., 1840; Westley and Davis's edition of
Gibbon's Decline and Fall, Lon., 1S;J7 ; some of the publi-
cations of that enterprising bibliopole, H. G. Bohn, and
many other works that might be cited. But of all full in-
dexes within our knowledge, commend us to that appended
to Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, where to eight volumes
of text we have mure than fourteen hundred columns
of index! This scale is, of course, too vast for general
imitation, but it teaches a lesson to those who content
themselves with giving a few lines of index to a vast body
of text! But the greatest example of zeal in this line on
record — the first index-maker in the world — is the Briti.sh
House of Commons! In 1778 there were paid for compil-'
ing indexes to the Journals of the House of Commons, the
following sums: To Mr. Edward Moore, £6,400 as a final
compensation for thirteen years' labour; Rev. Mr. Forster,
£o,000 for nine years' ditto; Rev. Dr. Roger Flaxman,
£3,000 for nine years' ditto ; and to Mr. Cunningham, £500
in part for ditto ; making a total of £12,900 ! Nor is this
the end thereof. For we may say with Nestor — in another
sense —
" In such iv(!e.rcs, although small
To their subsequent volumes, there is seen
The baby figure of the giant mass
Of things to come, at large." — Troilus and Oressida.
To quote the same author, give us a good "index," and
we will almost excuse an " obscure prologue." Of course,
like all good things, indexes may be abused; the pretender
will make them the end of his journey, whilst to the true
student they will be merely the sign-posts of the road;
such charlatans they were, who two centuries since excited
the ire of Joseph Glanville, and caused him to exclaim :
" Methinks His a pitiful piece of knowledge, that can be harnt
from an index ; and a poor ambition to be rich in the inventory of
another's treasure." — The Vaniti/ of Dogmntizing.
Pope, too, tells us
" How index-learning turns no student pale,
Yet holds the eel of science by the tail." — Dunciad, B. 2.
But we doubt if much harm was ever done in this way.
The very ambition thus censured may lead to real acqui-
sition, and often has. Watts appreciated a good index so
highly, that he tells his reader,
'• If a book has no index or good table of contents, 'tis very use-
ful to make one as you are reading it."
We may conclude this rather prolix (we hope it may
prove to be a useful) article, by citing the authority of a
man of letters, who was never excelled for a practical com-
mon-sense view of subjects which engaged his attention.
Dr. Johnson to Richardson respecting a new edition of
Clarissa :
" I wish you would add an index rerum^ that when the reader
recollects any incident, he may easily find it, which at present he
cannot do, unless he knows in which volume it is told: for Clarissa
is not a performance to be read with eagerness, and laid aside for-
ever; but will be occasionally consulted by the busy, the aged,
and the studious; and therefore I beg that this edition, by which
I suppose posterity is to abide, may want nothing that can fecili-
tate its use. I am, sir, yours, &c., Sam. Johnson."
It was excellently said by the learned Michael Mattaire
— a Corypheus of index-makers himself;
"Non est acutissimi. fateor. ingenii, non altissims eruditionis,
Indices contexere. Majorem tamen nil molestiam editori. nil lec-
tori utilitatem affert; cumque rei cujuslilit necessitas ex ipsius
utilitate oriatur. et in eadem consistat; quidni affirmem nihil fere
esse magis necessarium ? Non itacjue sum sollicitus. quantillo esse
ingenio, quam parum eruditione videar valere. dum literatorum
coumiodis ((Unnidducunque inserviam. In construendis a-dibus.
operarius li;ija]nsi|ue, non minus architecto prodest."— jl/a«t(j"jf;'s
iLj'ist. ad 1>. }\ Des Maizmiu^ ; cited at large in vol. iv. pp. 5Gi-
605 of Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
That true worthy. Fuller — Thomas the quaint^gives his
testimony on the same side :
"An Index is a necessary implement and no impediment of a
book, except in the same sense wherein the Cari-iages of an Army
are termed Impediments. Without this, a large Author is but a
labyrinth, without a clue to direct the Header therein. I confess,
there is a lazy kind of Learning which is only indicol : when
Scholars (like Adders which onely bite the Horse-heels) nible but
at the Tables, which are calces lihrortim. neglecting the body of the
Book. But. though ihff idle deserve no crutches, (let not a'stafl' be
used by them, but oji them.) pity it is the weary should be denied
the benefit thereof, aud industrious Scholars prohibited the accom-
modation of an Index, most used by those who most pretend to
contemn it." — Wiiihies.
The index to Nicholas Antonio's Bibliotheca of Spanish
Writers has received great commendation:
"I have quoted Mr. Baillet. who shews the value of it particu-
larly. He had good reason for recommending even the Indexes,
for they are very well formed and usefid. The Author has added
a short preface to them, which shews his excellent taste and judo--
ment ; he has quoted there the thought of a Spanish writer. Indl-
cem Libri ab Autore. Librum ipsum a quovis alio conficiendum
esse. ' An Author ought to make the Index to his book, whereas
the book itself may be wiitten by any person else.' The contrary
method is generally taken ; Authors refer to others the pains of
making alphabetical Indexes; and it must be owned that those
AYS
Gentlemen who are not patient of labour, and whose talent con-
sists only in the fire and vivacity of imagination, had niut-h better
let others make the Index to their works; but aman of jud':rment
and application will succeed incomparably better in composinir the
Tables to his own writings, than a stmn'^er can. There miL'ht he
a variety of good directions griven for the compositi^m of these Ta-
bles, which may be Justly called the soul of books.'"— Bu-i.k.
When Baillet lauded Antonio's Index, he was like an
epicure, who comDaends the dish which tickles his own
palate. Baillet was such an admirer of a irood plurap
Index, that when Hermant had him snugly in.«talled as
Librarian to M. De Lamoignon, the uncouth helho Uhro-
rum sets to work to make an Index, and an Index Rerum
at that !
"Though troubled with a great pain in his le^js. which some-
times grew very violent, and notwithstantlinir the manv visits he
received, which continually interrupted his labouis. he applied
himself with so much diligence to the drawing np of an Index
of all the subjects treated of in the books in M. De I^amoignon's
library, that he finished it in Au-^'ust, 1GS2, [about two years' la-
bour.] That Index grew to such a length, by the additions he
continued to make to it, that it contains thirty five volumes in
folio, all written by M. Baillet himself. When' he had finished
that laborious, but useful, work, he wrote a Latin preface to it,
which he published. We find there an account of the manner in
which he drew up that Index. lie promised in the same place to
write an Index, or Catalogue, of all the authors, whose books
were in M. De Lamoignon's library."
Gruter's great work on Inscriptions — Inseriptiones an-
tiquEe totius orbis romani in absoluti.«sinium corpus re-
dactff. (1st edit., Heidelberg. 1602) — was not only greatly
aided by Scaliger, but so anxious was this eminent scho-
lar that the work should be complete, that he devoted ten
months to writing an index of 24 classes.
"If it appears surprising that so great a man should undertake
so laborious a task, and which seemed so much below him. we
ought to consider that such Indexes cannot be made but bv a
very able man. To succeed in that task, it is necessary to under-
stand perfectly the inscriptions, and know how to distinguish
what is peculiar from what is common: and sometimes to illus-
trate them by .'iome remarks, and explain the sense, not only of
words, of which there remain but one or two syllables, but even
of single letters." — Le Clerc : BihJinfh. Cfim'sie.
After finishing his Index, Scaliger wrote the following
epigram :
'■ Si ijuem dura manet sententia -Tudicis. olim
Damnatum rerumnis suppliciisique caput;
Ilune ner|ue fubrili lassent Krirastula massa,
Nee rigidas vexent fossa metalla manus.
Lexica contexat : nam cetera quid moror? omnes
Pa'narum facies his labor unus habft."
Le Clere truly hints that it is not every man that can
write, who is capable of making an Index : we have an
amusing instance of the evils resulting from carelessness
in this matter, in the case of
"The writer who drew up the Index to Belechamp's Athenaeus.
who says that Euripides lost in one day. his wife. t%vo sons, and
a daughter, and refers us to page 60. where nothing like this is
found: but we find in p.age (il. that Euripides going to Tcaria,
wrote an epigram on a disaster that happened at a pea.'^int's house,
where a woman, with her two sous and a daughter, died by eating
of mushrooms. Judge, from this instance, what hazards those run
who rely on Index-makers." — Batle,
This only proves that we must have good Index-makers,
not that we must do without such aids.
Ayscu, Edward. See Asctt.
Ayshford, Henry, M.D. Tabular Views of the
Anatomy of the Tlunian Body. Lou.. 1810.
Ayton, Richard, A Voyage round Great Britain,
undertaken in the Summer of 1S13, and commencing
with the Land's End. in Cornwall; the views taken by
William Daniel. A.R.A., 1S14.
Ayton, or Aytoun, Sir Robert, 1570-16.3S. a na-
tive of Fifeshire. in Scotland, was the author of poetical
pieces in several languages, viz. : Greek, Latin. French,
and English. Among his productions are the following:
1. Ad Jacobum VI. Britanniarum Regem, Angliam peten-
tem, Panegyris, p. 40 inter Delitias ipoetarum Scotorum,
edit, ab Arturo Jonstouo. Amst., 1637, Svo. 2. Basia,
sive strena ad Jacobum Ilaynm, equitem illustrissimum,
p. 54. 3. Lessus in Funere Raphaelis Thorei, Medici, ct
Poetse pnetantissimi, Loudini pestc extincti, p. 61, ibid.
4. Carina Caro, p. 63, ib. 5. De Proditioue Pulverea,
qu£E inciditin diem Martis, p. 65, ib. 6. Gratinrura Actio,
cum in privatum Cubiculum admitteretur, p. 66. ibid. 7.
Epigramraata Varia, ib. S. Tn Obitum Ducis Bucking-
amii, a Filtono cultro extincti. M.D.C. XXVIII. p. 74, ibid.
Sir Robert was educated at St. Andrew's. He was em-
ployed both at home and abroad in the service of -Tames I.
and Ch.arles I. He was knighted by King James, and ap-
pointed by him one of the gentlemen of his bed-chamber.
and private secretary to bi^ (|ueen. Ben .Tonson declared
to Drummond that Sir Robert had an affection for him,
(Jonson.) Some of his English pieces, which have been
highly commended for their style, were published in Wat-
SB
AYT
son's Collection of Scottish Poems, (1706-11.) Aubrey
remarks that Mr. John Dryden has seen verses of his,
some of the best of that age, printed with some other
verses. *' Aubrey further states that he was acquainted
with all the wits of his time in England." He died at
London, March. 1638, and was buried in Westminster
Abbey, under a handsome monument of black marble.
Aytoun, WiHiam Edmondstoune, b. 1S13. is a
member of the Edinburgh bar. lie succeeded Mr. Moir
as Professor of Literature and Belles Lettres in the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh, where his lectures, distinguished by
great ability and correct literary taste, are in high estima-
tion. He is now editor of that sterling periodical, Black-
wood's Edinburgh Magazine, to which he has long been a
Vitlued contributor. A'um (/t yj/dwe Augustus Dun^hunner.
Mr. Aytoun married a daughter of the gentleman who
for so many years delighted the literary world as con-
ductor of Blackwood — Christopher North, aliaa Professor
Wilson.
■• At the time of the railway mania he flung off a series of pa-
pers, the first entitled 'How we got up the Glen Mutchkin Rail-
way.' descriptive of the doinRS in the Capel Court of l-dinbur^'h
and (;ias.y;ow; papers which for broad, vigorous humour, and feli-
litous settings forth of genuine Scotch character, are almost uuri-
valled.^'— J/fn of the Tune.
Mr. Aytoun wrote many pieces in the Book of Ballads,
edited by Bon Gaultier, a «o;» de plume under which he
and Mr. Theodore Martin have contributed to a number of
periodicals. 1. Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, and other
Poems, Lon. and Edin., 1S49. The popularity of thia
work is evinced by its having reached its 10th ed. in
1807. It has been printed in America.
■ I'rnfessor Aytoun has appreciated the wealth of his country's
history in themes fur the historical ballad. . . . In the volume now
before us, he puts forth a sustained power, which, in our estima-
tion, places him in the foremost rank of the poets of his time. His
lays combine the best iiualilies of Macaulay aud of William Miiller.
They have all the histoiie truth and picturesque force of the former,
with all the poetic fire and stately march of the latter. We feel, in
reading these lays, that we are dealinjr. not with shadows, but with
living men. We are swept back into the stirring times of old,
when bi-ave hearts and his^h souls declared themselves in brave
deeds: — when honour, self-denial, devotion, were living things; —
when patriotism and loyalty were active principles, and the wor-
ship of mammon had not shrivelled \ip the sons of men into self-
seeking and sordid pride. We thank the poet who elevated out
soul by a noble thought — by a delineation of some generous and
lofty nature, woven from the visions of his own brain. We doubly
thank him who liuks noble thoughts and noble deeds with some
great historic name : — who places the hero living before us, till we
can read his eye. aud hear his voice, and be swayed by his in-
fluence. But above all do we thank him when he rescues some
great name from dishonour, and drowns the slander forever in the
torrent of our sympathies. This Professor Aytoun has done for
two of the noblest, yet most misrepresented, names in i^cottish
annals. -The Execution of Montrose' and "The Eurial March of
Dundee,' are tributes of histoi'ical as well as of poetical justice to
the two men of all others the most conspicuous for chivalrous vir-
tue in the annals of modern Europe." — Dublin Universiti/ Maga-
zine, xxxiii. 215.
" The lays before us possess fluency, vigour, and movement,
with an elevation of mind which is historical, if not poetical; they
\\:iw the piilish and the skill in the use of figures which might be
(■X|)''L'tfd tVom the professor of rhetoric aud belles lettres; they are
animated by the sentiment of .Tacolatism which is reviving among
.1 cei-tain class of well-minded snbjrfts of Queen Victoria; and
they not only displ.ay the common knowledge of history, but show,
in the prose introductions, that Mr. Aytoun has investigated and
thought for himself." — Lfindnn SpecUitor.
" Professor .\ytoun h.as selected his ballad themes from striking
incidents and from stirring scenes in our mediaeval .Scottish histo-
ry: some remote as the field of Flodden; others as recent as that
of Brummossie Muir; and he has thrown over them the light of
an imagination at once picturesque and powerful. . . . The perfer-
vidum ingenium Protnrum — that burning, irrepressible energy of
character which, whether directed towards good or towards evil,
has ever distinguished our country — breathes throughout all his
Lavs, and lends even to stern tact the etherealizing hues of fiction."'
— T>. M. IMom: Sketc?ies of the Fbeticat Literature of the Fiist Half-
avtin-ij.
'■ Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found
in the language." — Lf/ndon Times.
" A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet.
Full of the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trumpet tone —
now sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland
dir^e." — Lon. QuarttTl}/ i?fciVi«.
2. Fermilian ; a Spasmodic Tragedy, by T. Percy Jones,
1854, Edin. and Lon., 12mo.
" It is designed to satirize some modem manifestations of a most
false and extravagant taste in poetry; and, although the parody
is somewhat long and elaborate, there runs throughout such a
happy vein of humour, and the harmony of the verse is so full
and tlowing, that the reader's interest is never allowed to flag." —
JVedin. li^\'., Oct. 1S54.
3. Poland, aud other Poems. 4. Bothwell ; a Poem;
2d ed.. 1856, Svo. 5. Life and Times of Richard the
First. King of England, 1840, Svo. (i. Ballads of Scot-
laud, 2 vols. fp. Svo, 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, 43.
BAB
BAB
B.
Babbage, Charles, b. 1790, an eminent mathe-
matician, tjntcreil at Trinity CuUei^e, Camljridge, where he
took his dL';^refs, — that ut' B.A. in 181-4; was appointed
Lucasian Pn>fL'3sor in the Univ. of" Camb., 1S2S; resigned
in 1839 ; a member of the principal scientific societies of
the workl. Fur a full account of Mr. Babbage's Calculating
Machine, sec Calculating Machines, — Division Arts and
Sciences, English Cyclopedia. The following complete
list of his writings has been prepared with care:
1. The I'refiice, joiDtly with Sir John Ilerschel; and (2) Con-
tinued Products, in Mt-moirs of the Analytical Society, 4to, Camb.,
1813. 3. Essay towards the Calcuhis of Functions ; Phil. Trans.,
1815. 4. Essay tttwards the Calculus of Functiona, Pt. 2; Phil.
Trans., 1816. 5. Demonstrations of some of Dr. Matthew Stewart's
General Theorems ; to which is added an Account of some New
Properties of the Circle; Iluy. Inst. Jour., 1816, vol. i. 6, Observa-
tions on the Anal- 'gy wliich subsists between the Calculus of Func-
tions and other Branches of Analysis; Phil. Trans., 1817. 7. Solu-
tion of some Problems by means of the Calculus of Functions;
Roy. Inst. Jour., 1817. 8. Note respecting Elimination; Itoy.
Inst. Jour., 1817, p. 355. 9. Account of Euler's Method of Solnng
a Problem relating to the Knight's Move at Chess; Roy. Inst.
Jour., 1817. 10. Some New Methods of Investigating the Sums
of Several Classes of Infinite Series; Phil. Trans., 1819. 11. Demon-
stration of a Theorem relating to Prime Numbers; Edin. Phil.
Jour., 1819. 12. Examination of some Questions connected with
Games of Chance; Trans, of Roy. Soc. of Edin., 1820, vol. ix. 13.
Observations on the Notation employed in the Calculus of Func-
tions; Trans, of Camb. Phil. Soc, 1820, vol. i. 14. Application of
Analysis, &c. to the Discovery of Local Theorems and Porisms;
Trans, of Roy. Soc. of Edin., vol. is. 15. Letter to Sir H. Davy,
P.R.S., on the Applicjition uf Machinery to the Purpose of Calcu-
lating and Printing Mathematical Tallies, 4to, July, 1822. 10.
Note respecting the Application of Machinery to the Calculation
of Mathematical Tables ; Memoirs of the Astrou. Soc, June, 1822.
vol. i. 17. Theoretical Principles of the Machinery for Calculating
Tables; Brewster's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1823, vol. viii. 18.5*b-
servations on tlie Application of Machinery to the Computations
of Mathematical Tables. Dec. 1822; .Memoirs of Astron. Soc, 1824.
vol. i. 19. Determination of the General Term of a New Class of
Infinite Series ; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc, 1824, vol. ii. 20. Observa-
tions on the Measurement of Heights by the Barometer; Brew-
ster's Edin. Jour, of Science, 1824. 21. Account of the Repetitiun
of M. Arago's Experiments on the Magnetism Manifested bv Va-
rious Substances during Rotation, by C. Babbage, Esq., ami Sir
John Herschel, Bart.; Phil. Trans.. 1825. 22. Diving-Bell; Encyc.
Metrop.. 1826. 23. Electric and Magnetic Rotation; Phil. Trans..
1826, vol. ii. 24. Method of Expressing by Signs the Action of
Machinery; Phil. Trans., 1826, vol. ii. 25. Influence of Signs in
Mathemarical Reasoning; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc, 1826, vol. ii.
26. Notation; Edin. Encyc 27. Porisms; Edin. Encyc. 28. Trans-
lation of the Differential and Integral Calculus of La Croix, 1 vol.
29. E.xamples to the Differential and Integral Calculus, 2 vols. 8vo.
These two works were executed in conjunction with the Rev. G.
Peacock, Dean of Ely. and Sir John Herschel, Bart. 30. Compara-
tive View of the Different Institutions for the Assurance of Life,
8vo, 1826. A German translation of this work was published for
the purpose of establishing at Gotha a society for the assurance of
lives. 31. A Table of the Logarithms uf the Natural Numbers,
from 1 to 108,000, 8vo. 1826. These logarithms were used by the
computers in the whole of the trigonometric survey of Ireland,
and in that part of the English survey subsequent to their publica-
tion. There have been several impressions on different-coloured
paper. — white, yellow, and fawu. Editions also have been pub-
lished on white, yellow, and gieen paper, with the Preface and In-
troduction translated into the German and Hungarian langriages,
1834. 32. Notice respecting some Errors common to many Tables
Of Logarithms; Mem. Astron. Soc, 4to, 1827, vol. iii. 33. Essay
on the General Principles which Regulate the Application of Ma-
chinery; Encyc. Metrop. 34. Reflections on the Decline of Science
in England, .nnd on some of its Causes. 4to and 8vo, 1830. 35.
Examples of the Solution of Functional Equations, 8vo. 36. Sketch
of the Philosophical Characters of Dr. Wollaston and Sir H. Davy;
extracted from the Decline of Science. 37. Letter to T. P. Couite-
nay on the Proportion of Births of the two Sexes amongst Legiti-
mate and Illegitimate Children: Brewster's Edin. Jonr. of Science,
vol. ii., 1829. 38. Economy of Manufactures and Machinery, 8vo,
1832; 4th ed. There are American reprints, and several transla-
tions of this woik into German, French. Italian, Spanish, and
Russian. 39. Letter to Sir David Brewster on the Advantwge of a
Collection of the Constants of Nature and Art; Brewster's" Edin.
Jour, of Science. 1832, vol. vi. p. 334. Reprinted by order of the
Briti.sh Association for the Promotion of Science, Camb., 1833. See
also pp. 484, 490.— Report of the Third Meetin;; of the British As-
Bociation. 40. Letter, written in Cvpli'-r. from .Mr. Abraham Sharp
to Mr. J. Crostbw;,it. 2.1 K.b. 1721-JJ. n-bitiv tn a Suipposed Error
In the Division »t' tlie Mural Arc at (Jn-rnwicli. D.-cyjiliered by Mr.
Babbage. See Life of Flanisteed by Mr. F. Baily." Appendix, pp.
34S, 390. 4to, 1835. 41. Specimen of Logarithmic Tables, printed
with different-coloured inks and on variously- colon red papers, in
21 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1831.
The object of this work, of which one single copy only was
printed, is to ascertain by experiment the tints of the paper and
colours of the inks le.ist fatiguing to the eye.
One hundred and fifty-one variously-coloured papers were
chosen, and the same two pages of my stereotype Table of Loga-
rithms were printed upon them in inks of the following colonra:
light blue, dark bhie, light green, dark green, olive, yellow, hght
red, dark red. purple, and black.
Each of these twenty volumes contains papers of the same
colour, numbered in the same order; and there are two volumes
printed with each kind of ink.
The twenty-first volume contains metallic printing of the same
specimen in gold, silver, and copjjer, upon vellum and on va-
riuu.'ily-coloured papers.
For the same pui-pose, about thirty-five copies of the complete
table of logarithms were printed on thick drawing-paper of various
tints.
An account of this work may be foimd in the Edin. Jour, of
Science. (Brewster's,) 1832, vol. vi. p. 144.
42. Barometrical Observations made at the Fall of the Staul>-
bach, by .Sir John Herschel, Bart., and C. Babbage. Esq.; Brew-
ster's Edin. Jonr. of Science, 1832, vol. vi. p. 224. 43. The Ninth
Bridgcwater Treatise, 8vo, May, 1837 ; 2d ed- Jan. 1838. 44.
Essay on the Principles of Tools for Turning and Planing Metals,
(inserted in the second volume of Turning and Mechanical Mani-
pulation of Charles Holtzapfel.) 1846. 45. Observations on the
Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli, near Naples, with an attempt to
explain the causes of the frequent elevation and depression of
large portions of the earth's surface in remote periods, and to
prove that those causes continue in action at the present time;
Proceedings of the Geological Society, 1847. 46. The same Me-
moir, with a Supplement,— ConJHctures on the Physical Condition
of the Surface of the Moon. Svo: privately printed", 1847. 47. The
Exposition of 1S51 ; or. Views of the Industry, Science, and Qw
vernment of England, 1851, Svo.
Babeock, J. S. Visions and Voices, 12mo, Hart.
Babcr, Ucv. H. H. WicklifTc's Trans, of the New-
Testament, Lou.. 1811. Psalterium Gr^ecum, a Codice
MS. Alexandrino, Lon.. 1812. Mr. Eaher published this
(by subscription) as a portion of the remainder of the task
left unfinished liy Woide. Twelve copies were printed
upon vellum, to match with the same number of vellum
copies of the New Testament published by his predeces-
sor. Mr. Baber, with praiseworthy zeal, was desirous of
completing tho Old Testament; but this "enterprise of
great pith and moment" was more than Mr. Baber could
himself, with any propriety, he expected to assume. The
trustees of the British Museum applied to Parliament for
protection in supplying the means to complete the under-
taking. Tho application was successful : and this great
work — Vetus Testamentum Gra^cum ex Cod. MS. Alexan-
drino. cura et labore H. II. Baber, A.M. — was completed
in 1828, (1816-28,) in 4 vols, fob, published at £36 lbs.
" The types cast in metal by Jackson for Woide are quite fresh
and perfect; and, instead of tlie contracted various readings in the
margin being spun out by the letters in fidl, (as Woide has given
them.) fac-sindles of such various readings, cut in wood, are in-
serted precisely in the places where they occur, filling up only the
same space with the original. The tail-pieces, or rude arabesque
ornaments at the end of each hook, are also represented by means
of facsimiles in wood; so that the identity of the original is per-
fectly preserved.
"• the work, when complete, will consist of 4 folio vohimes,— three
of the text of the Old Testament, witli a fourth containing prole-
gomena and notes. The subscribers for the vellum copies are:
*• His Majesty's Library. Sir M. M. Sykos. Bart.
"The French King's Library. John Dent. Esq.
"The Royal Library of Berlin. Turner. Esq.. Trin. Coll.. Dubl.
"The Archbishop of Canterbury. Longman, Hurst k Co., (Pen-
tateuch only.)
*'The Duke of Devonshire. The Author.
" The Earl Spenser. (One copy undisposed of.)'*— Dibdin's Biblio-
graphical Decameron.
250 copies were printed on paper: the price of the vel-
lum copies was 184 guineas each.
Babingtou, Beuj, Trans, of Gooro Paramatan,
Lon., 1820.
Babin§:ton, Gervase, d. 1610, successively Bishop
of Llandafl', Exeter, and Worcester. Comfortable Notes
upon the Five Books of Moses. Exposition upon the
Creed, the Commandments, and the Lord's Prayer; with
a Conference between Man's Frailty and Faith, and three
Sermons: printed in one 4tovol. ; again, with additions, in
1615 ; again. 16;:17.
Babin^ton, Humphrey. Serm. on Pa. ci. 1, 1678.
Babington,Jno. (ic'-metry and Fireworks. Lon., 1656.
Babiiigton, R. The Law of Auction, Lon.. 1826.
Babington, M' m., M.D.. 1756-18.33. 1. Systematic
Arrangament uf Minerals, 1795. 2. New System of Mine-
ralogy, 1799. 3. Syllabus of the Course of Chemical Lec-
tures, 1802. i. Case of Exposure to the Vapour of Burn-
ing Charcoal, 1809.
Babin^ou, Zachary, Advice to Grand Juries in
Cases of Blood, from Law and Keason, Lon., 1677.
BAG
Bachc, Alexander Dallas, one of the most distin-
giii.-^liL-d pliilu.'^Mplifrs nf the uiuetceiith eeiitiiiy. 1). July
19, 1806, in Philadelphia, a jiTeat-f^'iaiuls'ju of Dr. Beuj.
Franklin; educated at the U.S. Military Auad., West
Point; grad. with the highest honours, and became Lieu-
tenant of EugincL-rs uf Furtiiication in lS2o: Pruf. Math, in
Univ. Penna., 1827 ; organized High School of Phila., and
Principal of it, 18-11-42; returned to Univ. Penna. 1842-43
as Prof, of Nat. Phih:is. and Chemistry ; resigned on being
appointed President of Girard College, Phila. lie visited
Europe to examine the systems of instruction there, the re-
sults of which have been published in one large vol., Phila.,
1839, Svo. A valuable work. In 1833 he edited an ed. of
Brewster's Optics, with Notes, Phila.. 12mo; Observations
at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at the
Girard Coll., 3 vols. Svo, 1 vol. plates, 1840-45, Wash..
1847. In 1S43, he was appointed Superintendent of the
U.S. Coast Survey, which position he still occupies. flSSS.)
"Under his energetic and wise direction it has been fruitful not
only in practical bencftt to navigators, but in valuable contri-
butions to geodetic and physical scii-nce."
The Reports of the U.S. Coast Survey are pub. annually
in one large vol. 4to, under the supervision of Professor
B., to whose talents it owes its present high position
among the learned of both Europe and America. He is a
member of the principal scientific societies of the world,
and received the medal of the Royal Geog. Soe. for 1858.
His principal contributions are 35 valuable papers in the
Proc. of the Amer. Ass. for the Advancement of Science,
1849-50-51-53-54-55-56-57-58; 19 papers in the Jour,
of the Franklin Institute of Penna.. 1831-32-34-35-.S6-
42 ; 6 papers in the Trans. Amer. Phih Soc, 1834-35-37-
40, &c. ; Annual Reports to Treasury Bept. on Weights
and Measures from 1844 to '56; Amer. Jour, of Science,
1832-33: Proc. Brit. Ass. for Adv. of Science. 1838. .fee.
Bache, Mrs. Anna* 1. Clara's Amusements. N.
York. 2, The Fireside Screen ; or, Domestic Sketches,
Phila., 1843, 12mo. 3. Little Clara, 16mo. 4. The Sibyl's
Cave, 5. Scenes at Home, 12mo.
BachCf Franklin, M.D., eldest great-grandson of
Franklin, b. in Philadulpbia, Oct. 25, 1792; grad. A.B. in
the Univ. of Penna., 1810, and M.D., 1814; Surgeon's
Mate, U. States Army, 1813, and full Surgeon, 1814; re-
signed from the army and entered upon private practice in
Phila.. 1816; Physician to the Walnut Street Prison. 1824-
36 ; Prof, of Chemistry in the Franklin Institute of Penna.,
1826-32 ; Physician to the Eastern Penitentiary of Penna.,
1829-3ti ; Prof, of Chemistry in the Phila. College uf Phar-
macy, 1831—41 ; Prof, of Chemistry in Jeflerson Med. Coll.
of Phila., 1841, which appointment he still holds (1S5S);
President of the American Philos. Society, 1853-54.
Author of: 1. A Svstem of Chemistry for the Use of
Students of Medicine". Phila., 1819, 8vo. 2. Supp. to the
Amer. ed. of Henry's Chemistry, forming vol. iii., com-
piled from the addits. in last English ed., 1823. 3. Let-
ter to Roberts Vaux on the Separate Confinement of Pri-
soners, 1829, pamph. 4. Second do., pub. in Journal of
Law, Oct. 1830. 5. In conjunction with George B. Wood,
M.D., The Dispensatory of the United States, 1st ed., 1833,
8vo, pp. 1073; llth ed.. 185S, Svo. pp. 1583. 6. Intro-
ductory Lectures on Chemistry, 1841, '43, '44, '48, '49, '52.
Editor of; 1. In conjunction with Robert Hare, M.D.,
1st Amer. ed. of Ure's Dictionary of Chemistry, 1821,
2 vols, in 1, 8vo. 2. A System of Pyrotechny, by James
Cutbush, 1825, Svo. 3. In conjunction with others. North
Amer. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1820-32, 12 vols.; and
contrib. to vols, i., ii., iii., v., vi., viii., \x., x., xi. 4. Tur-
ner's Chemistry; 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Amer. eds., 1830-
32-35-40. 5. Dr. Hare's Chemical Compendium, 1836.
Contributor to The Aurora, 1811 {on Muriatic Acid);
Memoirs of the Columbian Chemical Soc. of Phila., 1813,
8vo; Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. i., 1818, iv., 1821; Phila.
Jour, of Health, 1830; Hays's Amer. Cyc. of Med. and
Surg., 1834-36 (only two vols, pub.); in vol. i., eleven
articles, in vol. ii., four articles ; Amer. Jour, of Phar-
macy, vol. i., 1835, vol. viii., 1842, vol. iii.. N.S., 1855.
Dr. Bache also trans, from the French M. Morand's Me-
moir on Acupuncturation, 1825, 12mo ; and he was a member
of the Pub. Com. of the U. States Pharmacopada, as pre-
pared upon the decennial revisions of 1830, "40. and '50.
Bache, R, The Manual of a Pennsylvania Justice
of the Peace, Phila., 1810-14. The Case of Alien Enemies
Considered and Deciiled. &c., 1813.
Bache, Richard, 1794-1836, Captain of Ordnance
U.S. Army. Notes .-n Colombia. 1822-23. PhUa., 1827, Svo.
Bache, William. Inaugural Dissertation on Car-
bonic Acid Gas, Pbila., 1794, 8vo.
BAC
Bachman, John, D.D., LL.D., b. 1790, Dutchesa
CO.. N.Y., adistinguisbed naturalist; licen.sed to preach in
1813 : pastor of the German Lutheran Church in Charles-
ton, S.C, from 1815 to the present time, (1858.) He was
an associate of Audubon, (q-r.,) whom he assisted in tho
preparation of his great work on Ornithology, and was tho
principal author of the work on the Quadrupeds of North
America, illustrated by Audubon and his sons. Defence
of Luther and the Reformation, Charleston, 1853. Ser-
mon on tho Doctrine and Discipline of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church, 1837. Design and Duties of the Chris
tian Ministry, 1848. The Doctrine of Unity of the Humai
Race Examined on the Principles of Science, 1850. Notice
of the Types of Mankind, (by Nott and Gliddon ;) with an
Examination of the Charges contained in the Biography
of Dr. Morton, 1854. Examination of Prof. Agassi/.'s
Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World,
and their Relations to the Different Types of Men, 1855,
Characteristics of Genera and Species as applicable to the
Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race, 1854. Cata-
logue of Phoenogamous Plants and Ferns growing in tho
Vicinity of Charleston. S.C. See South Car. Med. Jour.
Back, Sir George, 1796-1857, b. at Stockport,
entered the navy at an early age. He accompanied Sir
Jidin Franklin on his Northern voyage in 1818 and those
of 1819 and '23 to explore the Arctic regions. In 1833
he undertook an overland journey in search of Capt. Ross.
1. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth
of the Great Fish River and along the Shores of the Arctic
Ocean in the Years 1833-34-35.
" Of all the voyages of discovery entered upon within our recol-
lection, none engaged public interest so thoroughly as the expedi-
tion the fruits of which are before us." — Lon. Athen.
2. Perils and Escape of II. M. Ship Terror, 1838, Svo.
Backhouse, James. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1753.
Backhouse, Thos. Surveys of Harbours in N. Scotia.
Backhouse, \V, On Life Annuities, 1778.
Jiackhouse, Win., Fellow of Christ's Coll. and Vicar
0^ Mcldreth. The History of the Man of God who was
sent from Judah to Bethel : Sermon on 1 Kings xiii. I : a
Caution against Religious Delusion, Camb., 17H3.
Backhouse, \Vm., 1593-llif)2. a noted alchemist.
He trans, from the French The Pleasant Fountain of
Knowledge, 1044. The Complaint of Nature and the
Golden Fleece; a trans, from Scdomon Trismosin, Master
to Paracelsus. Backhouse adopted Elias Ashmole as hi.i
snn in mvstical philosophy.
Backus, Azel, D.D., 1765-1816, Pros, of Hamilton
Coll.. New York. pub. Sermons. 1797-1813.
Backus, Chas., D.D., 1749-1803. a native of Nor-
wich. Cnnnecticut, pub. Sermons, 1795-1801, and a volume
on Regeneration.
Backus, Isaac, 1724-1806, a distinguished Baptist
minister of Massachusetts, was b. at Norwich, in Con-
necticut. His principal work is a History of New Eng-
land, with particular reference to the Baptists, 1777-84.
He pub. an Abridgment in 1804, bringing down tho work
to that date.
Backus, J. Laws rel. to Sheriff, Ac. in Conn.
Bacou, Mr. An Ordinance for Preventing the Spread-
ing (d" Heresies, presented to the House of Commons by
him and Mr. Teat, with Observations thereupon, Lon., 1646.
Bacon, of Gray's Inn. Rights of the Kingdnm, or Cus-
toms of our Ancestors touching our Kings and Parliament,
Lon., 1682.
Bacon, Anne, 1528?-1600? was the second daughter
of Sir Anthony Cooke, the wife of Sir Nicholas BacoD. and
mother of the illustrious Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Veru-
1am. It is worthy of observation that the four daughters
of Sir Anthony Cooke all formed distinguished matrimonial
alliances : 1. Mildred married Lord Burleigh ; 2. Anne,
Sir Nicholas Bacon ; 3. Elizabeth. Sir John Russell, sui
of the Earl of Bedford ; and, 4. Catherine, Sir Henry Kil
ligrew. The subject of our memoir was eminent for learn-
ing and piety, and well versed in the Greek, Latin, and
Italian tongues. At an early age she translated from the
Italian into English twenty-five sermons, written by Bar-
nardine Ochine, concerning the Predestination and Elec-
tion of God, published about 1550. She translated Bishop
Jewel's Apology for tho Church of England, frum the ori-
ginal Latin int<t English. This translation has been com-
mended as "both faithful and elegant." Archbishop
Parker, to whom the manuscript had been submitted, re-
turned it printed. " knowing that he had hereby dcme for
the best, and in this point used a reasonable ptdicy ; that
is, to prevent such excuses as her modesty would have
made in stay of publishing it." It wa.s. printed in 1564
BAG
BAG
and in 1600. When she sent the archbishop the MS., it
Wiis aceumpanied with a letter to the prelate in Greek,
which ho answered in the same language. Beza dedicated
to this learned lady his Meditations. Interesting details
connected with her literary history will be found in Bal-
lard's Memoirs of Briti.-^h Ladies, and in Birch's Memoirs
of Queen Elizabeth, where are some of her letters at length.
Bacon, Anthony, b. 155S, brother of Sir Francis
Bacnn. Mem. of Kcign of Q. Eliz., pub. by Dr. Birch.
ISacon, Delia, Philosophy of the Plays of Shak-
epearc UuluUled; with a Preface by Nathaniel Hawthorne,
Lon., 1S57, Svo.
"From Mr. Hawthorne we learn that Miss Bacon origrinally
meant to issue this book in America, as *she wished her own
country to liave the plory of solving the enifjiiia of those nii^Iity
dramas and thus adding a new aud higher value to the loftiest
productions of the English mind.' We grieve to think her pur-
pose failed, and that the book appears with tlie disadvantage of an
Eui^lisli name on the title. Mr. Hawthorne — as every reader of
the ' Scarlet Letter' knows — is a humourist of peculiar kind ; but
his concluding paragraph of introduction to this wild and silly
book crowus the list of his drolleries. In the preface to a volume
designed to rob Shakspeare of bis literary glories. Mr. Hawthorne
says, 'It is for the public to gay whether my countrywoman has
proved ber theory. In the worst event, if she has failed, her
failure will be more honourable than most people's triuniplis;
Bince it must tiing upon the old tombstone at tStratford-on-Avuu
the noblest tributary wreath tliat has ever lain there.' Fie! Mi.
Hawthorne!" — Lon. Athen., April II, 1S07.
Bacon, Francis, Baron Vcrnlam, Viscount
St. Alban^s, Iyti0-1-I(iii6, one of the mr»st illustrious of
modern philosophers, was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas
and Laily Anne Bacon. He was b. at York-House, in the
Strand, London, on the 22d of January. As a child he
■was remarkable for quiekness of thtrnght and great pre-
cision and force of langunge. These qualities attracted
the notice of Queen Elizabeth, who playfully called him
her young Lord Keeper, intimating his probable succession
to his father's honours. Ben Jonson represents him as
mnrked for this distinction, even bei'ore the sagacity of the
Queen had prompted the prediction. Jonson was one of
the party who partook of Chancellor Bacon's hospitality
at York-house, on January 22, 1620. the sixtieth birlh-day
of the host; the poet celebrated the occasion in choice
poetry, of which the following is a specimen :
" Hail, happy gejiius of this ancient pile!
How comes it all thint^s so about thee smile?
The tiro, the wine, the men — and in the midst
Thnii stand st. as if simie mystery thou didst.
Entilaiid's hi^jh Chanrellor. the destined heir
In his soft cradle, to his Cither's chair;
Whose even thread the fates spin round aud full,
Out of their choicest and their whitest wool."
In his i;Jth year he was entered of Trinity College,
Cambridge, where he remained for three years and a half.
We must make great allowances for the statement so con-
fidently asserted, that at this early age he had not only
detected the fallacies of the philosophy of Aristotle, hut
had mentally projected the substitution of that '* more ex-
cellent way" of arriving at truth, the introduction of
which has placed him in the first rank of modern philoso-
phers. That he was dissatisfied with the canonical author-
ities of the prevailing school, and felt that there was a
vitality in the teachings of truth which revolted at the ar-
tificial barriers so rigidly imposed by the ''philosophy
falsely so called," to which it was the habit to bow with
unquestioning submission — this we do not doubt. He
had, to use his own words in later years, taken '* all know-
ledge to be his province," and his was not a mind to be
patiently trammelled by any .<ystem. After leaving col-
lege he visited France, in the train of Sir Aniias Paulet.
Wbilst abroad, he wrote the Notes on the State of Europe,
■which we find in his works. In February, 1580, he was
summoned home by the death of his father. Being very
slenderly provided for, he made an application to govern-
ment to obtain some certain source of income, which would
allow hira to devote his attention to literature and politics.
Most unfortunately for the cause of science, this applica-
tion was unsuccessful. Choosing the law as hisprofession,
he obtained a good deal of practice, but it is not unlikely
that the opinion of the queen was shared by many, and
prevented his gaining any brilliant reputation as a pro-
found lawyer. " Bacon," said Elizabeth, " has a great
wit and much learning, but in lawshoweth to the uttermost
of his knowledge, aud is not deep." There is great rea-
son to suspect much injustice in this opinion. Where he
had every right to expect encouragement and aid from his
powerful relative, Lord Burleigh, he seems to have en-
countered any thing but a spirit of kindness and good
will. It was natural, therefore, that he should attach
himself to the party of Burleigh's opponent, the Earl of
Essex; and this nobleman heartily espoused his cause.
We grieve to say that the disinterested kindness of the
earl was repaid by the basest ingratitude. When his un-
happy patron bowed his beail in his hour of darkness and
desolation, Francis Bacon was by his side, — not as the
sympathizing friend, to cheer, to comfort, and to console,
but he was there as the accusing fiend, to condemn, — as
the heartless executioner, to bind and manacle the victim,
and cast him '* to the lions." Nor satisfied with this, he
hesitated not to affix a stigma to his benelactnr's grave,
and rehearse, for the information of posterity, the " Decla-
ration of the Treasons of Robert, Earl of Essex !" When
we remember this disgraceful transaction, we feel that we
have no right to censure the portrait drawn by a great
poet, of our greater author —
*-The wisest, brightest, meanest, of mankind."
Yet Mr. Montagu can herein justify Bacon, and plead
for him "as a man pleadcth for his first-born!" How
true it is that the biographer and the lover are almost sy-
nonymous terms ! Mr. Montagu, in order to defend a bad
cause, is obliged, as is usual in such cases, to plead a bad
principle; viz. that a lawyer in the advocacy of his brief
is permitted, nay obliged, to ignore moral honesty, truth,
justice, and every other virtue, if the interest of his client
shall require such a tremendous sacrifice, such wholesale
abnegation of the very foundations of public and priv.^te
morality. We do not use Mr. Montagu's phraseology, but
we do not*' in the estimation of a hair" overstrain the
statement of what is done every dn.y in our "courts of
justice. "( !) Mr. Macaulay's remarks upon this subject,
and in the same connexion, are much to the purpose.
See his Essay on Lord Bacon.
In 1593 ho sat as member for the county of Middlesex.
Fortunately, wo have a graphic sketch of Bacon as the
orator, by his friend Ben Jonson :
" There happened in my time one noble speaker who was full of
gravity in his speaking. His language, when he could spare or
pass by a jest, was nobly censorious. No man ever spoke more
neatly, more pressly, more wei:j;hti]y, or suffered less emptiness,
less idleness, in what he uttered. No member of his speech but
consisted of his own ^aces. His hearers could not cou;:h or look
aside from him withtiut loss. He commanded where he spoke,
and had his judges angry and pleased at his devotion. No man
had their affections more in his power. The fear of every man
that heard him was lest he should make an end." — DiscmrH^s.
Bacon's earliest publication was the first pnrtof his cele-
brated Essays, or Counsels, afterwards considernbly aug-
mented. The Elements of the Common Law of England,
written in 1596, and The History of the Alienation Office,
written in 1598, were not published until after his death.
The Essays attained immediate popularity, and were trans-
lated into Latin, French, and Italian.
In July, 1003, Bacon was presented to King James I.,
at Whitehall, and received the honour of knighthood. In
1604r he was appointed King's Counsel : shortly after which
he married Alice, the daughter of Benedict Barnhara, Esq.,
Alderman. In the next year appeared his treatise on The
Advancement of Learning, which was the basis of the
Ve Aiif/mentis. The De Sapientia Veterum was published
in 1009.
In 1616, Sir Francis Bacon was sworn of the Privy
Couucil, and in March, 1617, he received the appointment
of Keeper of the (Jreat Seal. He was much beholden for
his preferment to the influence of Btickingham, and not a
little to his personal solicitatifin of the King, in wliieh be
was not backward to assert his merits and fitness for the
post of Lord Keeper. On the 4th of January, 1618, he
was made Lord High Chancellor, and on the 11th of July
ensuing he was ennobled by the title of Baron of Verulam,
and'three years later was raised to the dignity of Viscount
St. Alban's. Fain would we leave him in this exalted posi-
tion, but, alas ! a great fall was at hand. King James had
lieen compelled by his necessities to summon a Parliament;
and its Committee in the Courts of Justice reported on
the 15th March, that abuses of no common order had been
charged.
"The Person," said the chairman, "asainst whom the thincs
are allesred, is no less than the Lord Chancellor; a man so endued
with all parts, both of nature and of art, as that I will say no moie
of him, beini; not aide to say enou'ih."
Our limits forbid any other than a brief notice of this
melancholy portion of the Lord Chancellor's history. The
reader will find an admirable anjilysis of the whole subject,
as well as of the Baconian philosophy, in Mr. Macaulay's
well-known essay on Lord Bacon. That there were extenu-
ating circumstances in the well-founded charges against
the Chancellor, may be admitted, without making him a
false witness against himself in his memorable confession .
•* I'pon advised consideratinn of the cbarfies. descending into
my own conscience, and calling my memory to account as fer as I
89
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aWe I do plainly and insenunusly confess that I am guilty of ' ph"ica;literntOTeof the world would have heen Bacon's Ulus-
•uption. aud du renounce all defence." j trations of Three Hundred Rules and Maxims of tlie Com-
With that keenness of perception, profundity
am
corrupt
To the committee of the Lords who were sent to inquire
if this confession were indeed signed by himself, his pa-
thetic answer was : " My Lords, it is my act, my hand,
my heart. I beseech your lordships to be merciful to a
broken reed !"
The sentence passed upon the oifender was a fine of
£40,000, imprisonment in the Tower during the King's
.pleasure, incapacity to hold any offiec in the state, or to
sit in Parliament, and banishment for life from the verge
of the Court. This heavy seuteuco proved to be little more
mon Law ! . . . _
of judgment, and critical accuracy of definition, which dis-
tinguished this legal philosopher, we should have had a
noble compend of juridical wisdom ; an invaluable auxiliary
to the teachings of that Volume which enforces equity and
truth in the duties of this life by the solemn sanctions of
the life to come. Bacon's royal master would then have
had a double claim upon the gratitude of mankind, in the
inestimable version of the inspired Scriptures, and in one
f the grandest conceptions of human wisdom. The se-
than a matter of form. He was confined in the Tower I eoud portion of The Elements of the Common Law, was
but two days, his fine was released by the King, ho was 1 styled by its author. The Use of the Law for Preservation
suffered to appear at Court, and in 1(J24 the political inca- | of our Persons, Goods, and Good Names, according to the
pacity under which ho still sufl'ered was removed. H'- ' '
seat as a peer in the House of Lords was again open to
him, and he was summoned to the next Parliament, though
ho thought proper to decline attendance. Uis habits of
improvidence still followed him in his retreat. The teacher
of philosophic humility and moderation excited the asto-
nishment of a prince by his ostentation, and the author of
the Essays on Economy and Improvidence was continually
harassed by domestic debts. Prince Charles, encounter-
ing his imposing equipage and numerous train on the road,
exclaimed with admiration : " Do what we can, this man
scorns to go out in snulf."
His faithful friend, Rare Ben Jonson, groups together
his sunshine and twilight in a few pathetic lines :
" My conceit of his person was never increased towards him by
his pl.ace or honours; but I have and do reverence him for the
greatness that was only proper to himself, in th.it lie seemed to me
ever, bv bis work, one of the greatest men :uid most worthy of admi-
ration that had been in many a;;es. In tiis rtdversity I ever pi\iyed
that (iod would give him strength ; for greatness he could not want."
The ex-chancellor survived his political bankruptcy
five years. The cause of his death is well known. Anx-
ious to test a theory that ho had formed relative to the
efiicacy of snow in "arresting animal putrefaction, he one
cold day left his coach, near Highgate, bought a fowl at an
adjoining cottage, and stuffed it with snow. He was sud-
denly seized with an alarming sensation of chilliness, and
was carried to the mansion of the Earl of Arundel, at
Highgate, where he lingered for a week, and expired on
Easter morning, 102(5, in the arras of his friend. Sir Julius
Cicsar. His last letter was written to his host, who was
then absent from home. In this letter he calls himself the
" martyr of science," and compares himself to Pliny the
Elder, who lust his life in the cause of investigation. In
his will he leaves his name and memory to men's charita-
ble speeches, " to foreign nations, and to my own country-
men, after some time be passed over."
We shall now proceed to review, briefly, the literary pro-
ductions of the distinguished subject of our memoir. We
have already referred to Mr. Basil Montagu as a biogra-
pher, and frankly expressed our dissent from some of his
conclusions respecting the character of one the influence
of whose name is great enough for any thing but success-
ful resistance to the verdict of unconqueralile truth. But
we should be justly blamed did we omit to record our grati-
tude to Mr. Montagu for his s])lendid edition of the Works
of Lord Bacon, in 17 vols. 8vo, 1825-.3-t; £S ISs. 6rf. ;
large paper, £26 15s. Rd. See Ellis, R. Leslie.
It is deeply to be regretted that Lord Bacon never car-
ried out a favourite plan long cherished by him, of
'• Iteducing or perfecting the course, or corps, of the Common
Law, digesting or recompiling them, so that the entire body and
Bubstan'ce of Law should remain ; only discharged of idlo. or un-
profitable, or hurtful matter. I dare not advise to cast the law
into a new mould. The work which I propound tendeth to prun-
ing and grafting the Laws, and not to ploughing up and planting
it again Tfor such remove I hold a perilous innovation."
His Elements of the Laws of England, published in
16.36, consists of, 1. A Collection of some Principal Rules
and Maxims of the Common Law, with their Latitude and
Extent. We have here but twenty-five out of three hun-
dred Rules which he had collected :
" 1 thought good, before 1 brought them all into form, to publish
some few, fhat by the taste of other men's opinions, in this iirst,
I miiht receive .itliii ait|ir'>Iiatiuii in my own course, or better ad-
vice for the alti-iiii.: nf nitii-rs wliich remain; foe it is great reason
that that which is i?itended to the profit of others, should be guided
by the conceits of others."
The excellence of that which we possess makes us grieve
that we have so small a proportion of that which the au-
thor designed :
" Though some great masters of the Law did outgo him in bulk
and p.articularly in cases; yet in the science of the grounds, and
mysteries of the Law, he was exceeded by none." — I'rffacf- to Black-
ttotiK^s Anal,
What an invaluable acquisition to the legal aud philoso-
2U
Laws of this Land. This treatise has been praised as
" Not only completely fitted for the improvement of such as
study the Law, but also the Book in the world best calculated to
give "every man of good sense and unliiassed judgment, both a ge-
neral idea, and a good opinion of the Law, which is represented
therein in that light which is at once the thirest, fullest, and most
agreeable."
The best-known law treatise of Lord Bacon is his Bead-
ing on the Statute of Uses, which was delivered before the
Society of Gray's Inn about the year 1600. This can be
considered only an unfinished design :
" A profound treatise on the subject, as iiir as it goes.*" — II.^RGBAVIE.
The History of the Alienation Oflice has been cited as a
proof of
" How great a master he was not in one Law only, but in our
History and Antiquities ; so that it ni.ay be justly said, there never
fell any thing from his pen which more clearly and fully demon-
str.ated his abilities."
The History of Henry VII. has been censured by Dr.
Johnson as evincing a want of care usual to the day :
"It is but of late that Historians l>e.stow pains and attention
in consulting records, to attiiin to accuracy. Bacon, in writing
his History of Henry VII., does not seem to have consulted any,
but to have just taken what he found in other histories, and blend-
ed it with what he learned by tradition."
But Bishop Nicolson, speaking of the authors who have
written concerning the reign of Henry VII., cannot suffi-
ciently commend our historian :
"Tliis good work was most effectually undertaken and com-
pleted liy the incoiii]<aiaI'le Sir Francis Bacon, who has bravely
surmounted all those difticulties, and passed over those rocks and
.shallows, against wliicli he took such pains to caution other less
experienced historians. He has perfectly put himself into King
Henry's own garb and livery, giving as sprightly a view of the
secrets of his Council, as if liimself had been President in it." —
Englnh Hiatoriral Library,
Catherine Maeaulay, on the other hand, blames the his-
torian for flattering King James
" So far as to paint his grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an
amiable light."— Ca(/icni!e MacauUty's History of Englavd, vol. i.
We proceed to the consideration of Bacon's philosophi-
cal writings. His Essay.s, or Counsels, Civil and Moral,
were first published in 1597; 2d edition, with additions,
in 1612; 3d, still further augmented, in 1624. In the
dedication to his brother, Anthony Bacon, the author states
that he published his Essays '• because many of them had
stolen abroad in writing," and he was anxious to give a
correct impression of them.
"To write just treatises requires leisure in the writer, and lei-
sure in the reader. . . . The word [Kssays] is late, but the thing
is ancient; for Seneca's Epistles to Lucilius, if you mark them
well, are but Essays, that is, dispersed meditations, though con-
vered in the foi-m of Epistles." — From the interuled Preface to tlie
'Zd edition.
This is the work by which Bacon is best known to the
majority of readers.
"The first in time, and. we may justly say, the first in excel-
lence, of English writings on moral prudence, are the Essays of
Bacon. . . . The transcendent strength of B.acon's mind is visible
in the whole tenor of these Essays, unequal as they must be
from the very nature of such compositions. They are deeper and
more discriminating than any earlier, or almost any later, work
in the English language; full" of recondite observations, long ma-
tured, and carefully sifted. . . . Few books are more quoted, and,
what is not always the case with such books, we may add, tliat
few are more gene"rally read. In this respect they lead the van of
our prose literature; for no gentleman is ashamed of owning th.at
he has not re;id the Elizabethan writers; but it would be some-
what derogatory to a man of the slightest claim to polite letters,
were he unacquainted with the Essays of Bacon."— //u/toii's In-
irodiic. to the Lit. of Evrope.
"The virtue of these Essays is too well allowed to require any
comment. Without the elegance of Addison, or the charming
egotism of Montaigne, they liave acquired the widest circulation;
and if Bacon had written no more, they would have bequeathed
his name undying to posterity. Burke preferred them to the rest
of his writings, and Dr. Johnson observed, that 'their excellence
and value consists in their being the observations of a strong mind
operating upon life. and. in consequence, you will find there what
you seldom find in other books.'"— jVu(opif'.s LfeoJ Hir Joshua
]?ei/7ic?lds : Jtnse's Biog. Ihcl.: read the whole of this excellent
sketch of Bacon and his writings.
BAG
BAG
*' Under tlie huiid of Ethics Diay be nuMitioned the small volume
to which he h;is t^iven the title of is.su^s ; the best known and
the most popular of all his works. It is also one of those where
the superiority of his genius appears to the greatest advantage;
the nnvelty and depth of his reflections often receiviufi a strong
reli.f from the triteness of his subject. It may be read from he-
giiuiiiii; to end in a few hours: and yet. after the twentieth peru-
Kil. r.rii- s>Idi>m fails to remark in it something; overlooked before.
This iiideiil is a characterisiic of all Bacon's wi-itiuRS, and is only
to In- a.iimiited for by the ine-\hanstible aliment they furnish to
our own thou;ihts. and the sympathetic ;U'tivity they impart to
oui- tnipid tinmlties." — DugaVi S!iioaH, l.'-V Prd. Diss, to Enci/c. Brit.
About the 26t:h year of his age. Bacon formed the first
sketeb of the great work ivbich he dosigned completing in
his " Instauration of the Seicuces." This sketch he enti-
tled TciiiporHH Pa)-tu>t M'l.riiHHH ; The Greatest Birth of
Time. In writing, towards the close of his life, to Father
Fulgeutio, a learned Italian, who had asked of him au ac-
count of his works, he remarks.
'' Kquidem memini me quadia^iuta abhinc annis juvenile opus-
culum eirea has res confecisse. ^uod ma'^'na prorsus liduci^ et
lua:_niiIieo litulo, ' Temper is I'atrum Maximum,' inseripsi."
The Treatise on the Advancement of Learning, wliich
■was the germ of the De Augmentis Scicutiarum, (pub. 1623,)
was published in 1605.
'■ In this, indeed, the whole of the Baconian philosophy may be
said to be implicitly contained, except, perhaps, the second book of
the Novum uriianum.'"
De Sapientia Veterura [The Wisdom of the Ancients]
1609. '' AVritteu," as he says, "in the midst of a term and
Parliament."
" A work wlii'-h. if it had proceeded from any other writer, would
have lieen con.sidered as a masterpiece of wit and learning, hut
whi'-li adds little to the fame of Bacon.'" — T. B. MACviiLAV.
In this work, he applies morally or politienlly
" Most of the fables of the Greek Mythology, sometimes display-
ing remarkable acufeness and penetratiftn; at other times au ex-
uberance of fancy which amuses rather than instructs."
Novum Organnm, 1620. This work was immediately
honoured by " the warmest expressions of admiration from
the alilest men of Europo."
" riie L^filest of all his works, and the central pile of that edi-
fi.'e of pliiliiMiphy on which the world has bestowed his name.
The Nu\ uui (hganum was received with unbounded applause of
the learned, both in his own and f jrei^n nations, and placed tlie
lame of its author at onceabove that of every other livini; author."
This work was valued by Bacon above all his other
■writings; twelve times was it revised, altered, and cor-
rected, year by year, before publication. This ambitious
title, iu which the author enters the lists with the ancient
*'Organon," the logical text-book of Aristotle, shows the
confidence which the modern philosopher entertained in
tlie value of his improvements in the art of reasoning.
This production is to be accepted as the second part of
the Instauratio Magna, which he tells us was to be "the
science of a better and more perfect use of reason in the
investigation of things, and of the true aids to the under-
standing;" in other words, an exposition of the inductive
method ; what we now term the Baconian philosophy.
The Novanum Organura by no means answers the ex-
pressed design of the author. We mean that he has not
filled his own sketch.
" The aphorisms into which he has digested it being rather the
heads or theses of chapters, at least in manv places, that would
have been farther expanded. And it is still more important to
observe that he did mit achieve the wb(.]i. nf this summary that he
had prnmis.-d : but nut nf niru- di\ isi^.us nf bis method.' we only
possess the lirst. wliich he denominates pra'ro;iitiv.'e. Ei','ht others,
of exceedim; importance to lo^ic. he has not touched at all. except
to describe them by name, and to promise more. . . . His termino-
locry is often a little affected, and. in Latin, rather barbarous. The
divisions of his prerogative instances in the Novum Organum. are
not always founded upon int«-lli|2:ible distinctions. And the gene-
ral obscurity of the style, neither himself nor his assistants bping
good masters of the Latin languatre. which, at the best, is never
flexible or copious enough for our philosophy, renders the perusal
of hnth his great works too laborious for the impatient reader.
Brui-kei' has well observed that the Novum Organum has been ne-
glrrte.l bv tb-' ui-ueralit v. aud proved of far less .servicethan it
would otbiTuise have been in philosophv. in conserjuence of these
very defects, as well as the real depth of the author's mind."—
H.\r,LAM.
To the celebrated Sir Henry Wotton the author sent
three copies of this book, which gift was rewarded by a
very laudatory letter from this famous statesman, diplo-
matist, and author. The Novum Organum has received
the commendations of very eminent authorities, both in
the author'.s own time, and in every successive generation.
Like all productions of genius, it likewise elicited some
censorious criticisms.
"The geniuses lau'^'hcd at it, and men of talent and acquire-
ment, whose studies had narrowed their minds into particular
channels, incapable of understanding its reasonings, and appre-
ciating its ori.'inality. turned wits for the purpose of ridiculing
the new publication of the philosophic Lord Chancellor. Dr. An-
drews, a forgott4?n wit of those days, perpetrated a vile pun upon
the town and title of St. Aiban's, by saying, in some doggerel
verses, that it was on the high road to Dunce table, i. e. Dunstable,
and therefore appropriate to the author of such a book. Mr. (Se-
cretary CutTe said tliat it was * a book which a fool could not have
written, and a wise man would not.' King .James declared it was
like the Feace of God — 'it passeth all understanding.' Coke
wrote, under a device on the title page, of a ship passing through
the pillars of Hercules,
• It deserveth not to be read in schools.
But to be freighted iu the ship of fools." "
To such hypercriticism, the author's faithful friend in
prosperity and atfiictiou — the friend who had rejoiced iu
the rise, and wejjt over the fall, of *' England's High Chan-
cellor," who not only participated in his festive ho.sjiitality
in that " high day." when *' all things did about him smile,"
but entered into bis closet on his behalf, in his luiur nf
darkness and disgrace, to pray that God would "give him
strength in his day of adversity," — twice Bare Ben Jonson
thus adverts, when he declares that the Novum Organum,
'■Though by the most of superticial men who cannot get bL--
yond the title of Noniinals, it is not penetrated or understood, it
really openeth all defects of learning whatsoever, and is a book
't.jui limgnm noto sci'iplori |jnnagat avum.
'To latesl (ime shall hand the author's name.""
Morhof. in his Polyhistor. commends this work in the
highest terms, remarking that he
'■ Had found but very little in the books since written by English-
men, the grounds of which ho had not long before met with in
Bacon; the extent of his genius struck him with admiration, as
it must do every man who takes the pains to understixud liitii;
because, though this new knowledge of his be very difficult, and
requires much study and applicatiou to master it, yet it leads to
the knowledge of thinL's. and not of words."
Voltaire is not behind in commendation :
" The most singular and the l^est of all his ]iieces is that which
is most useless and least read. I mean his Novum Scientiarum
Organum : this is the scatl'old with which the new Philosophy was
raised, and when the edifice was built, part of it, at least the scaf-
fiild. was no longer of service. The Lord Bacon was not yet ac-
quainted with nature, but then he knew, and pointed out, the
Several paths that led to it." — LHtcrson the English Nniion ; '/notnl
in (hf Biog. Brit. The whole of this excellent article should be
perused.
Let US quote the opinions of a few modern writers :
'■ Though he possessed, in a most eminent degree, the genius of
philosijphy. he did not unite with it the genius of the sciences ;
the methods proposed by him for the investigation of truth, con-
sisting entirely of precepts which he was unable to exemplify, had
little or no elFeit in acceleiating the rate of discovery." — Coxdor-
CET: in DiigiiUl Stf'i.-cn's I'-rl. Diss, to Encijc. Brit.
" The merits of b'ac'o.as the father of Experimental Philosophy,
are so universally acknowledged, that it would be superfluous to
touch upon them here. The lights which he has struck out in
various branches of tlie Philosophy of Mind have been much le.ss
attended to. . . In the extent and accuracy of his phi/sical know-
ledge, he was t;ir inferior to many of his predecessors; but he sur-
passed them all in his knowledge of the laws, the resources, and
the limits of the human understanding'." — Dcovld Stewart, ibid.
'•"Without any di'^parau'eiueut to tln^ adiiiiialil.- treatise De Aug-
mentis. we must say. that, in nur jinlL'Tin-nt. l5;iiou's greatest per-
formance is the tir.st liook of the Novum Organum. All the pecu-
liarities of his extraordinary mind are found there in the Iiighest
perfection. Many of the aphorisms, but particularly those in
which he gives examples of the intluenco of the idola. show a
nicety of observation that has never been sui-passed. Every ]iart
of the book blazes with wit. but with wit which is employed only
to illustrate and decorate truth. No book ever made so great a
revoluiion in the mode of thinking, overthrew so many prejudices,
introduced so many new opinions." — T. 15. IMac.vulay : the reader
should peruse and reperuse this admirable article.
The De Augmentis Scientiarum, a translation of the
Advancement of Learning, revised and enlarged, (sec onfr.)
was published in 1623. The Biblical Simile of King
James has been imputed to this, as well as the preceding,
work. The tran.slation was made by Ben Jonson, George
Herbert, and other friends.
Apothegms, 1025.
'• The best jestrbook ever given to t he public." — £t/in.7>*cu.,No. 132.
Translation of Psalms into English Verse, 1625.
" Aubrey declared Lord Bacon to have been a good poet, but in
this work his piety is more to be commended than his poetry. It
was dedicated to his friend, the incomparaltle George Herbert."
Among his principal works may also be reckoned the
Sylva Sylvarum and the New Atlantis. A list will be
found in Watt's Bildiotheca Britannica. Mr. I^Iontagu's
complete edition, published lS2o-34, comprises no les" than
17 volumes. As the reader will frequently find in notices
of Bacon's philosophy references to the Instauratio Magna,
or Instauration of the Sciences, we can hardly properly
dismiss our subject without giving a brief programme
(abbreviated from Mr. Haliam's excellent Introduction to
the Lit. of Europe — a book which should be in every li-
brary) of this noble project of Lord Bacon :
" The Instjiuratio JMagna. dedicated to James, is divided, accord-
ing to the masniticent ground-plot of its author, into six parts.
" The first of these he entitles Partitiones Scienti i-um, comprc-
hendinjx a general summary of that kind of knowlfidtre which
mankind already possess: yet not iMi-r<ly treating; this aflRrma-
tively. but taking special notice of Mhat<Mrr should Mem deficient
or imperfect; sometimes even supplying, by illustration or pre-
91
BAG
cept, these vacant spaces of sciencit. This first part he declares to
be wautiug iu the Instaunitio. It has bet-u chiflly supplied by
the treatise De Aujj;mentis Sfieiitiarum; yet. perhaps, eveu that
does not fully come up to the amplitude uf his design.
"The second part of the Instauratio was to be. as he expresses
it, ' the science of a better aud more perfect use of reason in the
investigation of thiiiL^s. and "f the true aids of the undtfrstandinfi;.'
the new logic or imiiK-livt- inulhod in which what is emiiuMitly
styled the Baconian jihilust iphy consists. This, as far as he completed
it, is known to all by the name of the Novum Organum. But he
Beems to have designed a fuller treatise in place of this; the apho-
risms into which he has digested it being rather the heads or
theses of chapters, at least in many places, that would have been
farther expanded. It is entitled by himself I'artis secundx sum-
ma, digesta in aphorismos." See preceding remarks.
"The third part of the Instauratio Magna was to comprise an en-
tire natural history, diligently and scrupulously collected from
experience of every kind; including under that name of natural
history every thing wherein the art of man has been employed on
natural subst,inces. either for practice or experiment; no method
of reasoning being sufficient to guide us to truth as to natural
things, if they are not themselves clearly and exactly apprehended.
It is unnecessary to observe that very little of this inuiieiise chart
of nature could be traced by the hand of Bacon, or in his time.
His Centuries of Natural History, containing about one thousand
observed facts aud experiments, are a very slender contribution
towards such a description of universal nature as he contem-
plated; these form no part of the Instauratio Magna, and had
been compiled before. . . .
" The fourth part, called Scala Intellectfls, is also wanting, with
the exception of a very few introductory pages. * By these tables,'
says Bacon, 'we mean not such examples as we sn>>join to the
several rules of our method, but types and models, which place
before our eyes the entire progress of the mind in the discovery
of truth, selecting various and remarkable instances.' . . .
" In the fifth part of the Instauratio Magna. Bacon had designed
to give a specimen of the new philosophy which he hoped to raise
after a due use of his natural history and inductive method, by
way of anticipation or sample of the whole. He calls it Prodromi,
give Anticipationes Philosophiie Secundae. And some fragments
of this part are published by the names Cogitata et Visa. Cogitar
tiones de Natura Rerum, Filum Labyrinth!, and a few more, being
as much, in all probability, as he had reduced to writing. In his
own metaphor, it was to be like the payment of interest till the
principal could be raised; tanquam fcenus reddatur, donee sors
haberi possit.
'■ For he despaired of ever completing the work by a sixth and
last portion, which was t^ display a perfect system of philosophy,
deduced and confirmed by a lei^itiinate. sot>er. and exact inquiry,
according to the method which he had invented and laid down.
" 'To perfect this last part is above our powers, and beyond our
hopes. We may. as we trust, make no despicable beirinnings: the
destinies of the human race must complete it; in such a manner,
perhaps, as men looking only at the present would not readily
conceive. For upon this will depend not only a speculative good,
but all the fortunes of mankind, and all their power." And with
an eloquent prayer that his exertiniis may i>e reinlni'd t-fTertual to
the attainment of truth and happimss. this intnidu^ tni y ( luiptrr
of the Instauratio. which announces the distrilmlinn of its por-
tions, concludes. Puch was the temple, of which Bacon saw in
vision before him the stately front and decorated pediments, in all
their breadth of light and harmony of proportion, while long
vistas of receding columns and glimpses of internal splendour re-
vealed a glory that it was not permitted him to comprehend. In
the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum. and in the Novum Orga-
num. we have less, no doubt, than Lord Bacon, nnder dilTerent
conditions of life. miL'ht have achieved; he might have been more
emphatically the high-priest of nature, if he had not been the
Chancellor of .Tames I.; but no one man could have filled up the
vast outline which he alone, in that stage of the world, could have
Bo boldly sketched."
It is proper to refer to Bacon's celebrated division of
Human Learnins;. into the three branches of — 1. History:
2. Poetry; aud 3. Philosophy; (vide De Aufjraentis Sci-
entiarum. lib. i.,) connected with — 1. Memory : 2. Ima-
gination : and 3. Reason. Bacon's Intellectual Chart has
been corrected and improved by his ingenious disciple,
D'Alembert. The subject is a tempting one for enlarge-
ment, but we have already far exceeded our intended
limits, and must refer our reader for information on this
and other topics connected with the Baconian philosophy
to the 1st and 3<1 Prcl Diss, to the Encyc. Brit. The
names of Stewart and Playfair aflord a sufficient guaran-
tee for instruction and entertainment.
Having thus reviewed at some length the principal
works of Lord Bacon, perhaps a fitting conclusion to our
sketch will be a citation of some opinions, in addition to
those we have presented, respecting an author who has
been not extravagantly landed as the " Glory aud orna-
ment of his age and nation :"
"Though there was bred in Ulr. Bacon so early a dislike of the
Phvsiology of AristoUe. yit he did not despise him with that
pride and haughtiness with which youth is wont to In- pufTrd up.
He had a just estei-m <\f that great master of Icaniiti^;, greater
than that which Aristntle exprpssed himself towards the })biloso-
phers that went before him ; for he endeavoured (some say) tostitle
all their labours, designing to himself an universal monarchy
over opinions, as his patron Alexander did over men. Our hero
owned what was excellent in him. but in his inquiries into nature
he proceeded not upon his principles. He began the work anew,
and laid the foundation of philosophic theory in numerous expe-
riments."— AacHbiSHOP Temson: Buconia.
92
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Gfe'orge Sandys, the poet and traveller, in his learned
notes on his version of Ovid's Metamorphoses, acknow-
ledges himself to be much bchuUlcu tu the De Sapientia
Veterum, and styles the writer the " crown of all modern
authors."
" This plan as laid down by him looks liker an universal art than
a distinct logic, aud the design is too great, aud the induction too
lar^e to be made by one man. or any society of men in one age. if at
all 'practicable. For whatever opinion he might have of the con-
clusiveness of this way, one cross circumstance in an experiment
would as easily overthrow his induction, as an ambiguous word
would disorder a syllogism; and a man needs only make a trial in
any part of natural history, as left us by my Lord Bacon, to see how
conclusive his induction was like to have been. To say nothing,
that notwithstanding his blaming the common logics, as being too
much spent iu words, himself runs into the fault he condemns: for
what else can we make of his Idula Tribus, Idola Specus, For^
Theatri; or of his instantije. solitaria\ migrantis, ostensivK, clan
destina?, constitutiva?, <fcc., but fine words put to express very
common and ordinary things?" — B.\kee.
Mr. T. B. Macaulay has a criticism upon the Baconian
terminology somewhat of the same character as Mr. Baker's,
which he thus humorously phrases :
"We are not inclined to ascribe much practical value to the
analysis of the inductive method which Bacon has given in the
second book of the Novum Organum. It is indeed an elaborate
and correct analysis. But it is an analysis of that which we are
all doing from morning to night, and which we continue to do even
in our dreams. A plain man finds his stomach out of order. He
never heard Jyord Bacon's name. [He must, indeed, be a "plain
ninn." like Jacob, "dwelbng in tenbs.'* never to have /u^ard of Lord
Bacon.] But he proceeds in the strictest conformity with the rules
laid down in the second book of the Novum Organum, and satis-
fies himself that minced pies have done the mischief. ' 1 ate minced
pies on Monday and Wednesday, and I was kept awake by indi-
gestion all night.' This is the compareiitut ad ivfelhdum insfan-
tuirum cmwentattem. ' I did not eat any on Tuesday and Friday,
and I was quite well.' This is the comparentia iiista/itiamvi in
proximo qua luUiira data privaiitur. ' I ate very sparingly of them
on Sunday, and was very .slightly indisposed in the evening. But
on Christmas-day 1 almost dined on them, aud was so ill that I was
in some danger.' This is the cnmpar>nHa im'taniiarum sfcuvdum
mogis H mavits. *It cannot have been the brandy which I took
with them ; for I have drunk brandy daily for years without being
the worse for it.' This X^iYie rejectio mdiiarum. Our invalid then
proceeds to what is termed by Bacon the Yindemiatis. and pro-
nounces that minced pies do not agree with him. We might go
on to what are called by Bacon pr(prnffotiv(r instantiarum. For
example: ' It must be something peculiar to minced pies, for I can
eat any other pastry without the least bad effect.' This is the in-
stantia ^iohtama. We might easily proceed, but we have already
sufficiently explained our meaning."
Now this is all very amusing, but whether it bave any
other merit, we leave it to the reader to decide. We contend
that this devotee to minced pies argues more like a philoso-
pher who had profited by the inductive mode, (although
perhaps ignorant of its terminology.) than "plain men who
have never heard of Lord Bacon" are apt to reason. Fur-
ther, it is not indispensable to a "plain man's" profiting by
the Baconian system, that he should have hoard of Lord
Bacon. It is with philosophy as with the light of the sun —
thousands enjoy its advantages where one understands its
nature. The question is whether the reveller in minced
pies in the 19th century, be not more favourably situated
for the correction of undue indulgence, than was bis brother
epicure of the 16th century. Or whether a man who was
put to bed by minced pies under the Organon of Aristotle,
would not sitffer a daily repetition of the offence and pen-
alty, instead of reasoning and abjuring, as does Mr. Ma-
caulay's invalid, under the brighter dispensation of the
Organon of Bacon. Besides, the whole business of life is
not to luxuriate in minced pies: the Mart, the Forum, the
Altar, and the Camp, all bave their duties and their codes,
which, if based upon reason, may be perfected by induc-
tion ; and unless Mr. Macaulay indited his able essay about
Christmas-time, for the January number of the Edinburgh,
we cannot conceive how he happened to select so odd an
illustration of the i7}8tantiar7iin cotirciiitJifcin. But to be
serious : we happen to remember a passage of Mr. Hallam's,
bearing upon such objections as those advanced by Mr.
Baker and Mr. Macaulay: whether meant for these gen-
tlemen or not. we have no means of knowing, but his reflec-
tions could not he more to the purpose:
" Those who object to the importance of Lord Bacon's precepts
in philosophy, that mankind have practised many of them imme-
morially. are rather confirming their utility, than taking off much
from their originality to any fair sense of that term. Every logical
method is built on the common faculties of human nature, which
have been exercised since the Creation in discerning, better or worse,
truth fiiim falsehnod. and inferring the unknown from the known.
That men might have done this more correctly, is manifest from
the quantity of error into which, fn^ni want of na^^nning well on
what came before them, they have h.Hbitoail> fiillen. In experi-
mental philusophv. to which the more special rules of Lord Bacon
are generallv referred, there was a notorious want of that very
process of reasoning which be has supphed." — Jntrvduction to Lit.
Europe, vol. ii.
BAG
Bushel, in his Abridgment of Bacon's Philosophical
Theory in Mineral Prosecutions, gives a pathetic account
of the sad fall of the Lord Chancellor :
" Shortly after the king dissolved the Parliament, but never re-
stored that matchless lord to his place, which made him then to
wish the many years he had spent in state policy and law study
had been solely devoted to true philosophy : for (said he) the one,
at the best, doth but comprehend man's frailty in its greatest
splendour; but the other the mysterious linowledge of all things
created in the six days' work."
^ We need no voucher for the authenticity of this reflec-
tion ! Itis Lord Bacon's! The image and the superscrip-
tion are there ! We are told by Rushworth that
_ •■ lie treasured up nothing for himself or family, but was over
indulgent to his servants, and connived at their takings, and their
ways betrayed him to that error : they were profuse and expensive,
and had at their command wh.atever he wiis master of"
•• Who can forbear to observe and lament the weakness and in-
firmity of human nature ? To see a man so far exalted above the
common level of his fellow-creatures, to sink so far below it ; to see
a m.in who, like Seneca, gave admirable rules for the conduct of
life, and condemning the avaricious pursuit after riches, and, whiit
IS unlike Seneca, condemning them in his own person, and yet be
defiled thereby."— Sc/j/wMs's Intrr,di:clion to Bamn's Letters.
•' The Chancellor being convii-ted of hiiliery, pretends, as if being
we.ary of honour, he would resi.-n hi.s place, being much loaded
with calumnies."— 0(m(fcre'.s Ann, as ,,f King James.
'• His great spirit was brought low. and this hnmili,ation mi-ht
have raised him again, if his offences had not been so wei"btv°as
to keep him down. . . . He was a fit jewel to have beautified and
adorned a flourishmg kingdom, if his flaws had not dis"raced the
lustre that should have set him o[f."— ITOson's Life and Eeian of
King James. i^ j
•■the Parliament was prorogued at Easter, from the 27th of
March to the 18th of April, the nianiuis halving his eye therein
upon the Lord Chancellor, to try if time could mitig.ite the dis-
pleasure, which in both Houses was strong against him."— Hacket •
Life of ArcMiishoj} JVilliams.
An eminent authority remarks that
•■ The Earl of S.alisbury was .an excellent speaker, but no good
penman; Lord Henry Howard was an excellent penman, but no
good spe.aker; Sir Francis Bacon alike eminent for both "—Sir
W.\LTER R.U.E1QH.
Lord Bacon committed his Orations and Epistles to the
care of Archbishop Williams, who addressed him as follows •
" Your Lordship doth most worthily, therefore, in preservin"-
these two pieces among the rest of those matchless monuments
you sh.all leave behind you: considering that as one age hath not
hred your experience, so is it not fit it should be confined to one
age, and not imparted to the times to come; for my part therein
1 do embrace the honour with all thankfulness, and the trust im-
posed upon me with all religion and devotion."
■• Your Lordship bath done a great and everlasting benefit to all
the children of N.ature. and to Nature herself in her utmost ex-
tent of latitude, who never before had so noble nor so true an in-
terpreter, or (as I am readier to style your Lordship) never so in-
ward a Secretary of her cabinet."— i^rtcr^om Sir Henry Wotton
on receiving a copy oftlie Nrnmm Orgamim.
The University of 0-\ford, shortly after his fall, acknow-
ledged, in the most laudatory terms, the gift of a copy of
the De Augmentis Scientinrum :
" P.ight honourable, and whiit in nobility is almost a miracle
most learned Viscount! Your honour could have given nothinrr
more agreeable, .and the University could h.ave received iiiitliin-
more acceptable th.an the Sciences She readily acknowlr.l , 1 1,"
that though the IVIuses .are born in Oxford, they grow elscwh. re ■
grown they are, and under your pen, who, like some mi.rhtv Her-
cules in learning, have by your own hand, further advanced those
pi.lars in the learned world, which by the rest of that world were
supposed immovable."
Mr. Francis Osborn declares that Bacon was
'•The most universal genius he had ever seen, or was ever like
to see, had he lived ever so long. He was so excellent, so agree-
able a speaker, that all who beard him were uneasy if he wa.s in
terrapted, and sorry when he concluded Now this genenal
knowledge he had in all things husbanded by his wit, and dir'ni-
ned by so majestical a carriage, he was known to own, struck such
an awful reverence in those he questioned, that they durst not
conceal the most intrinsic part of their mysteries from him for
tear of appearing ignorant or saucy : all which rendered him no
less necessary than admirable at the Council-table, where in refei-
ence to impositions, monopolies, kc, where the meanest manufac-
tures were a usual .argument; and, as I have heard, did in this
baffle tlie Earl of Middlesex, that was born and bred a Citizen ■
yet without any great, (if at .all,) interrupting his other studies'
as IS not hard to be imagined of a quick apprehension, in which
he was admirable."- ilfisceil. Works nf Francis Osborn \T>o
.CJ^H A J""" ^",^'^1 ?"' entertained with some liberar.ialarv,
nisbS ^tf""™" '"f";^'»"' of ™"rt and judicature, and f^^rl
nished with sufBciency both of means and helps for the goin^ on
of his design; which, h.ad it been, he might have given us such a
body of N.atnral Philosophy, and made it so subsir, lent tS the
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men's whole time, who had studied, .and practised, and governed
the Common L.aw, who had ahvays lived in the crowd, and borne
the greatest burden of civil business, should yet find leisure
enough for those retired studies, to excel .all those men ivho sepa-
rate themselves for this very purpose? He was a man of strong,
clear, powerful imagination; his genius was searching and iS-
vincible, and of this I need give no other proof than his style it-
self; which, as, for the most p.art, it describes men's minds is well
as pictures do their bodies, so it did his above all men living ■ the
courseof it vigorous and majestic; the wit, bold and familiar- the
comparisons, fetched out of the way, and yet the most easy ■ in
all, expressing a soul equally skilled in men and nature." '
" The incomparable Jlr. Boyle spe,aks often of our author in his
works, and alw.ays with honour; he styles him sometimes an il-
lustrious, at others, an admirable and excellent. Philosopher, and
which is a higher commendation th.an any phrase could have ex-
pressed, ho often imitates him, and professes a desire of treading
m his paths. Dr. Power, one of the most active and judicious
among the first members of the Royal Society, in a learned treatise
of his, places at the bead of his chapters the Latin text from the
Lord \ erulam's works, to shew that all the honour he had claimed
was to have prosecuted his views."
"No trivial p.assages, [referring to the Life of Henry VII.,] such
as are below the notice of a statesman, are mixed with his sa-'e
remarks ; nor is any thing of weight or moment slubbered over
with that careless haste and indilTerency which is too common in
other writers. No allowances are given to the author's own con-
jecture or invention, where a little pains and consideration will
serve to set the matter in its proper and true light. No imperti-
nent digressions, nor fanciful comments distract his readers ; but
the whole is written in such a grave and uniform style, as be-
comes both the subject and the artificer."— Bisnop NicoisON-
English Historical Library.
On the other h.and, Catherine Macaulay objects to the
portraiture of Henry VIL, as we have seen, and prefaces
her dissent with some very severe strictures on the .author:
"Thus ignominious was the Wl of the famous Bacon! despica-
ble in all the .active parts of litij, and only glorious in the con-
templative. Him the rays of knowledge served but to embellLsh
not enlighten; and philosophy itsdf was degraded by a conjunc-
tion with his mean soul : we are told that he often lamented that
ambition and vain glory bad diverted him from .spendin" his
whole time in the manner worthy of his extensive genius" but
there is too much reason to believe, from his conduct, th.at ihese
sentiments arose from the weight of his mortification.s, and not
from the conviction of his judgment. He preferred mean applica-
tions to .James, and continued to flatter him .so fiir. as to paint his
grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an amiable MahV—Histoni
of England, vol. i.
Rushworth remarks, that
" His decrees were generally made with so much equity that
though gifts rendered him suspected for injustice, yet never any
decree made by him was reversed as unjust."- Co7(cc(iV>n..it, vol. i.
The Chancellor made an earnest defence, both when first
accused and after sentence. When first suspected, he con-
fidently declares his innocence in a letter to Buckingham:
" Your Lordship spoke of Purgatory. I .am now in it But my
mind is in a calm ; fcr my fortune is my felicity. I know I have
clean hands and a clean heart ; and, I hope, 'a clean house for
friends or servants. But Job himself or whosoever was the just-
est .Indge. by such hunting for matters against him. as hath been
used against me. may for a time seem foul, espechally in a time
when greatness is the mark, and accusation is the game."
This indignant defence compares strangely with hia
offer confession, and with his letter to the Lords before
liis formal and detailed acknowledgment. He remarks
tliat understanding some justification was expected from
him, he had
public good, that nei her Aristotle nor Theophrastus amongst the
Ancients, nor Parace sus, or the rest of our latest chvmists, would
have been considerable."— Dit. Peter Hetlin : Life ofArchb. Laud
Cowley, in his Pindaric on the Royal Society, lauds the
mighty discoveries of the great Lord Bacon."
" Methinks," says Bishop Sprat in his History of the Royal So-
ciety, "m this one man I do at once find enough occasion to ad-
mire the strength of human wit, and to bewail the weakness of a
mortal condition; fljr is it not wonderful, that he who had run
tnrough all the degrees of that profession which usuaUy takes up
"Chosen one only justification instead of all others; for after
the clear submission and confession which he should then make
to their Lordships, he hoped he might say, and justify with Job
in these words, I have not bid my sin as did Adam, nor con-
cealed my fault in my bosom."
Not only so, but when he resigned the seals, he accom-
panied the act with the p.lthetic exclamation : "Re.\ dedit
culpa abstulit !" that is, " The King gave, and my own
faults have taken away !"
^ Yet Mr. Montagu, with charming naivete, asks us to be-
lieve that Bacon was innocent ; that he could have proved
his entire innocence; but was generously willing to sacri-
fice himself at the command of the King and the favourite.
Like the Roman of old, he determined to close the "groat
gulf fixed" between the throne and the Parliament, by
self-immolation. Mr. Montagu is grave ; therefore, we pre-
sume, serious. We h.are seen that he defends Bacon's
prosecution of Essex by that rule of leg.al morality which
makes the advocate abjure every consideration which may
interfere with his oflicial eh.aracter. He now makes Bacon
utter the grossest falsehoods, and expose himself to the
merited condemnation of the world for judicial corrup-
tion, in order to gratify his King and please the King's
favourite. First, he sacrifices his friend to his court brief,
and then immolates himself to his King's whim. Verily'
the golden rule itself is but selfishness compared to such
abnegation ! Damon and Pythias will fade in story, and
the Suttee pyre hardly arrest the attention of the pass-
ing stranger !
Addisouj after stating that he would "show that all the
BAG
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laymen who have exerted a more than ordinary genius in |
their writings, and were the glory of theii- times, were
men whose hopes were filled with immortality, and the
prospect of future rewards, and men who lived in a duti-
ful submission to all the doctrines of revealed religion/' —
goes on to remark :
" I phall in this paper only instance Sir Francis Bacon, a man
who, for greatness of genius, and compass of knowledge, did ho-
nour to his age and country ; I could almost say to human nature
itself. He poBsessfd at once all those extraordinary talents which
were divided amon-^st the greatest authors nf antiiiuity. He had
the sound, distinrt, comprehensive knowledge of Aristotle, with
all the beautiful lights, graces, and embellishments of Cicero.
One does not know which to admire most in his writings, the
strength of reason, fbrce of style, or brightness of imagination." —
IhUer, No. 267.
Sheffield, Duke of Buckinghamshire, asserts that
" All his works are, for expression, as well as thought, the glory
of our nation and of all latter ages."
Conde de Gondamar wrote him a letter on his fall, in
which he assures him of the King of Spain's interposition,
if he judged it any way couveuieut fur the restoring of his
condition. — Sfrpheits's Collection.
Lord Cavendish, afterwards Earl of Devonshire, received
a letter from Italy, in which it was stated that
"■ Lord Bacon w,as more and more known, and his books more
and more delighted in; so that those men who had more than
ordinary knowledge in human affairs, esteemed him one of the
most capable spirits of that age."
M. Voiture writes :
" I find evei7 thing perfectly fine that you have sent me of Ba-
con, but do you not think that Horace, who said. ' Visum Britan-
nos hospitibus feros.' would be much more astonished to hi-ar a
barbarian talk iu this manner, and to see that there is not perhaps
at this day a Roman who speaks so good Latin as this Knglish-
man 't And would not .Tuvenal say, with greater reason than ever,
* Nunc totus Grajas nostrasque hai»et orbis Athenas V "
This compliment of M. Voiture will perhaps recall to
some of our readers the epigram with which the learned
Grotius honoured John Barclay's classical erudition : it
will be found under his portrait prefixed to the " Argenis:"
"'Gente Caledonius, Gallus natalibus, hie est
Romam Romano qui docet ore loqui.'
' A Scot by blood — and French by birth — this man
At Rome speaks Latin as no Roman can.' "
Grotius speaks most favourably also of Bacon's Life of
Henry VII., and the learned Conringius fully agrees with
this opinion.
Baron Puffendorf commends him in the most exalted
terms :
"The late most wise Chancellor of EnL'bmd was the chief writer
of our age. and carried as it were the pt;ni.t.u(i tlKit we mightpress
forward, and make greater discoveries iu riiilMsuphic matters, than
any of which hitherto our schools had rung. .So that if iu our
time any great improvements have been made in Philosophy,
there has been not a little owing to that great man." — Specimai
Coutrovers., cap. i.
Puffendorf's representation of Bacon as a "standard-
bearer," instantly reminds us of the philosopher's own mo-
dest and beautiful comparison. In a letter to the Earl of
Salisbury, he remarks that in his bonk he was "contented
to awake better spirits, being himself like a bell-ringer,
who is first up to call others to church." To carry on the
ecclesiastical simile, as Aristotle has been called the Pope
of Philosophy until *' a greater arose in his place," we may
compare Bacon, not to the bell-ringer in the steeple, hut to
the Luther in the pulpit, who questioned his infiilUbility,
and struck a fatal blow at the supremacy of that school
which "made nothing perfect," though the bringing in of
a better system did.
Francis Buddeus styles Bacon a
" New light in Philosophy, one who first united speculation and
practice, and opened a passage to those mighty discoveries that have
been made since his time." — Compendium IIlstoruB PhUosophicce.
Voltaire calls him
"The fiither of experimental philosophy, owning that what sur-
prised him most was to find the Doctrine of Attraction, which
is looked upon to be the foundation of another philosophy, ex-
pressly Set down in Lord Bacon's, in words not to be controverted
or mistaken."
"Bacon was generous, easy, good-natured, and naturally just.
But he had the misfortune to be beset by domestic harpies, who,
in a manner, farmed out his office ; and he had given way to into-
lerable impositions upon the subject among the masters in Chan-
cery."— Guthrie.
So Addison :
" His principal fault seems to have been the excess of that vir-
tue which covers a multitude of fiiults. This betrayed him to so
great an indulgence towards his servants, who made a corrupt use
of it. that it stripped him of all those riches and honours which a
long series of merits had heaped upon him." — Taller, No. 2t>7.
This is indeed a specimen of anaviter in 7nodo. But
"Wilson, " who is acknowledged not to have been prejudiced
against the chancellor," speaks in a very different strain :
" He was the true emblem of human frailty, being more than
a man in some things, and less than a woman in others. His
crimes were bribery and extortion; and these he had often con-
9*
demned others for as a judge, which now he came to suffer for as &
delinquent. And they were proved and aggravated against him
with so many circumstances, that they fall very foully upon him,
both in relation to his reception of them, and his expending of
them." — K'lint'ts His(or)/ of Emjland.
It may be pertinent to remark here that Buckingham's
displeasure at the manner in which Williams received his
suggestions relative to depending cases in the Court of
Chancery, gives reason to fear that the preceding Lord
Keeper was more compliant. — Bacon's Letters, by Birch;
HackeCa Life of Archhp. Williams.
Hume remarks that
" Bacon was a man universally admired for the greatness of his
genius, and beloved for the courteousness and humanity of his
behaviour. He was the great ornament of his age and nation;
and nought was wanting to render him the ornament of human
nature itself, but that strength of mind which might check his in-
temperate desire of preft-rment. that could add nothing to his dig-
nity, and restrain his profuse inclination to expense, that could be
requisite neither for his honour nor entertainment." — History of
Grtnt Bntain.
"The great glory of literature in this Island, during the reign
of James, was my Lord Bacon. Most of his performances were
composed in Latin; though he possessed neither the elegance of
that, nor of his native tongue. If we consider the variety of
talents displayed by this man — as a public speaker, a man of
business, a wit, acourtier. a companion, an author, a philosopher —
he is justly the object of great admiration. If we consider him
merely as an author and philosopher, the light in which we view
him at present, though very estimable, he was yet inferior to his
contemporary, Galileo, perhaps even to Kepler. Bacon pointed
out at a distance the road to true philosophy : Galileo both pointed
it out to others, and made himself consideiuble advances in it." —
lUd.
Upon Avhich we have in the British Biography :
"Galileo was undoubtedly an illustrious man, and Kepler an
admirable astronomer: but though we admit their superiority in
astronomy, merhanics, and some particular branches of physical
knowledu'-*- it (ioes by nn means follow that either of them were
greatri- (iliilnMn.liprs than Bacon. The praise of Bacon is founded
not upon Ills >kill in this or that particular branch of knowledge,
but on his great and comprehensive understanding, which took
in almost the whole extent of universal science. And he was so
little indebted to the partiality of his countrymen, that his writ-
ings appear, for some time at least, to have been more esteemed
and admired in foreiirn countries than in England."
His eminent French disciple, D'Alembert, by whoso
means his writings were more widely introduced to the
French than they had been previously, cannot sufficiently
commend our author:
"On considering attentively tbe soimd. intelligent, and exten-
sive views of this great man. the multiplicity of objects his pierc-
ing wit had comprehended within its sphere, the elevation of his
style, that everywhere m.ikes the boldest images to coalesce with
the most vigorous precision, we should be tempted to esteem him
as the greatest, the most universal, and the most eloquent of phi-
losophers. His works are justly valued, perhaps more valued
than known, and. therefore, more deserving of our study than
eulogium." — An. Rig., vol. xvi. ; see the whole of this article.
We consider Mr. Hume to be sufficiently punished. He
was the last man to weigh Bacon, who has displayed so
little of the spirit of the true philosopher himself. His
theory of evidence would never have been allowed to ex-
pose his folly to the world, had he understood even the
Com2yarentia ad intellect urn inatanfiarum convenientem.
Bacon's genius was indeed comprehensive. Sir John
Hawkins states that
" Lord H.u-on. iu his natural history, has given a great variety
of experiin.'iits touching music, that show him to have l.>een not
liarely a philosopher, an enquirer into the pha-nomena of sound,
but a master of the science of harmony, and very intimately ac-
quainted with the precepts of musical composition."
Sir John quotes the following remark of Lord Bacon
as a proof of his knowledge of the sciences :
" The sweetest and best harmony is when every part or instru-
ment is not heard by itself, but a conflation of them all ; which
requireth to stand some distance off: even as it is in the mixture
of perfumes, or the taking the smells of seveml flowers in the
air." — Histiiry of Music. The above authorities, quoted from the
Biographia Britannica, should be read at length.
His chaplain tells us that our great philosopher pursued
the true plan of acquiring general knowledge : " He would
light his torch at every man's candles." We have referred
to the graphic picture which Osborn gives us of his puz-
zling Lord Middlesex at the council-table by his minute
knowledge of manufactures and the rules of trade. Os-
born further tells us :
" I have heard him entertain a country lord in the proper terms
relating to hawks and dogs; and at another time out-cant a Lon-
don chirurgt'tm."
Pope refers to the precision of Bacon's language:
" Words that icisc Bacon or grave Kaleigh spake."
An English dictionary. Mr. Seward remarks, might bo
composed from his works; but this compliment is very in-
definite, and not one, we think, which Bacon would have
coveted. Dugald Stewart remarks, in reference to Bacon's
design of classifying the multifarious objects of human
knowledge:
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"Nor must it be forpotten, to the glory of his genius, that what
he tailed to accomplish remains to this day a desideratum in
science : that the intellectual chart delineat<?d by him is. with all its
imperfections, the only one of which modern philosophy has yet
to boast; and that the united talents of D'Alembert and Diderot,
aided by all the li^'hts of the ei;rhtt'enth yentury. have been able
to add 'but little to what Bacon performed," — 1st Prd. Diss, to
Encyc. Brit. . , ^a, i,
'' At the time when Bacon wrote, it mipht truly be said, that a
email portion, even of the learned ajres. and of the abilities of
learned men, had been dedicated to the study of natural philoso-
phy. This served. In his opinion, to account for the imperfect
state in which he found human knowledge in general; for he
thought it certain that no part of knowledge could attain much
excellence without having its foundation laid in physical science."
— Peop. Platfair: M Prel. Diss, to Encyc. Bi-il.
Professor Phiyfair further remarks, after an analysis of
a portion of the Novum Organum, the second part of the
Instauration of the Sciences :
" The power and compass of a mind which could form such a
plan beforehand, and trace not merely the outline, but many of
the most minute ramitications of scienct-s which did not yet exist,
must be an object of admiration to all succeeding ages."— /6(rf.
'•■\Te must constantly remember that the philosophy of Bacon
■was left exceedingly incomplete. iMany lives would not have
sufficed for what he had planned, and he gave only the horcE siib-
seciuff of his own. It is evident that he had turned his thoughts
to physical philosophy, rather for an exercise of his reasoning tacul-
ties, than from any peculiar aptitude for their subjects, much less
any advantage of opportunity for their cultivation. He was more
eminently the philosopher of human than of general nature. . . .
Burke, perhaps, comes, of all modern writers, the nearest to him ;
but though Hacon may not be more pmfound than Burke, he is
still more comprehensive." — U.\ll.\m : hitrofluc. to Hist. Lit.
After this *' cloud of witnesses" to the surpassing merits
of our great philosopher, let us revert to the opinions of
some of his contemporaries. *' The Queen did acknow-
ledge," says the Earl of Essex in a letter to Bacon himself,
"you had a great wit, and an excellent gift of speech, and
much oUier good learning. But in law, she rather thought
you could make shew to the utmost of your knowledge,
than tliat you were deep."
'• If it be asked. s:iys I)r. Kurd, how the Queen came to form
this conclusion, the answer is plain. It was from Mr. Bacon's
having a great wit. an excellent gift of speech, and much other
good learning." — HiiriVs Diahgufs.
But Mr. Stewart opposes to Queen Elizabeth's judgment
on t-he law item that of Mr. Hargrave :
"What might we not have expected from the hands of such a
master, if his vast mind had not so embraced within its compass
the whole field of science, as very much to detach him from pro-
fessional studies?"
Of the exact sciences, Bacon was by no means a master;
he neither knew, nor cared to know, much of the Mathe-
matics. He underrated the value of this instrumentality,
undoubtedly. Ilobbes was an intimate of Bacon, and, we
presume, supplied Aubrey with the pleasing information he
communicates, that, " in short, all that were (jreat and <jood
loved and honoured him."
Let us not forget the commendation of our great favour-
ite, quaint Thomas Fuller:
'• He fell into a dislike of Aristotle's Philosophy as barren and
jejune, enabling some to dispute, more to mangle- few to find nut
truth, and none, if confining themselves to his principles. Hence
it was that afterwards he traded so largely in experiments; so
that, as Socrates is said to be the first who stooped towering specu-
lations into practical morality. Sir Francis was one of the first who
reduced notional to real and scientifical philosophy. . . . His
abilities were a clear confutation of two vulgar errors, (libels on
learned men :) first, that judgment, wit, fancy, and memory can-
not conveniently be in conjunction in the same person ; whereas
our knight was a rich cabinet, filled with all four, besides a golden
key to open it. — Klocution. Secondly. • That he who is something
in all. is nothing in any one art ;' whereas he was singular in sin-
gulis., and. being in-at-all, came off with credit. Such ijho condemn
him for pride, if in his place, with the fifth part of his parts, had
been ten times provider themselves. ... He may be said to havy
left nothing to his executors, and all to his heirs, under which
notion the learned of all ages may be held." — Worthifs.
'" Bacon, when like himself — for no man was ever more inconsist-
ent— says. Prudens questio — dimidum scientiie est." — Coleridge:
1\}hl€ Talk.
'■ When I look at the mind of Lord Bacon, it seems vast, original,
penetrating, analogical, beyond all competition. When I look at
his character, it is wavering. shutBing. mean. In the closing scene,
and in that only, he appears in true dignity, as a man of profiiund
contrition." — CrdVs li>>niains.
" Lord Bacon was the greatest genius that England, or perhaps
any other countrj-, ever produced." — Pope : .S^jnice's Anecdotes.
"In his Novum Organum he has laid down the whole method
that Descartes afterwards followed." — I^rd Bni,iNr.BROKE: Spence.
It is no little satisfaction to observe that the melancholy
fall of this great man seems to have excited but little at-
tention in foreign countries: where known, doubtless in
many cases it was attributed to political prejudices, or the
effects of that envy and malignity which, as Bacon him-
self phrases it, makes " greatness the mark, and accusa-
tion the game."
Bayle, one of the most inquisitive and gossiping of
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encyclopaedists, seems to be ignorant of any criminal
charges against the ex-chancelk^r. His name was in high
renown on the continent, and *' eminent foreigners crossed
the seas on purpose to see and discourse with him." When
the Marquis D'Effrat, who caused his Essays to be trans-
lated into English, escorted Henrietta Maria, the Queen
of Charles I., to England, he visited Bacon, and was re-
ceived by his Lordship, who was confined to his bed by
sickness, with the curtains drawn : " You resemble the
angels," remarked the Marquis: "we hear those beings
constantly talked of, we believe them superior to mankind,
and we never have the consolation to see them." Uis
lordship replied that, " If the charity of others compared
him to an angel, his own infirmities told him he was a man."
— ^'tcjyhens's Account of Lonf Bacon's Life. The Maniuia
returned home, bearing the philosopher's picture with him,
corresponding with him ever after, and esteemed it a pe-
culiar honour to be styled, by his illustrious friend, his son.
We have referred to that memorable dinner at York
House, when the Lord Chancellor, with a chosen party of
distinguished friends, "celebrated his entrance into his
sixtieth year." We shall quote Ben Jonson's poem (a
specimen of which we have already given) on this inte-
resting, we may say august, occasion. As few of our readers
have the opportunity of seeing the lines in their original
dress, we shall retain the antiquated orthography of the
day. The form of the poem
*' Implies a very beautiful fiction; the poet starting, as it were,
on his entering York House, at the sight of the (ienius of the
place performing some mystery, which, penetrating from the gaiety
of his look, affords matter for the compliment :''
Lord Bacon's Birth Day.
*' Haile, happie Genius of this antient pile!
How comes it all things so about thee smile?
The tire, the wine, tlie men, and in the midst
Thou stand'st, as if some mystery thou did'sti
Pardon, I read it in thy faee. the day
For whose returnes, and many, all these pray:
And so doe I. This is the sixtieth year,
Since Bacon, and thy Lord, was borne and here;
Son to the grave, wise Keeper of the Seale,
Fame and foundation of the Knglish weale:
What then his father was, that since is he,
Now with a title more to the degree.
England's High Chancellor! the destined heire
In his soft cradle to his Cither's chair;
Whose even thred the Fates spinue round and full,
Out of their choycest and their whitest wooll.
'Tis a brave cause of joy ; let it l>e knowne, —
For 'twere a narrow gladuesse, kept thine owne.
Give me a deep-crowned bowie, that I may sing,
In raysing him, the wysdome of my King."
"Verily every man at his best estate is altogether
vanity !" Well was it said by the sage of old — " Call no
man happy while he lives!" Even then, on that high
festal day, the handwriting was on the wall, the decree
had gone forth — '• Thy glory hath departed from thee !"
A few weeks more, and he who so proudly entertained the
chief estates of the realm on his natal day — the man whom
the king delighted to honour, tbe first statesman of his
court, and the most illustrious philosopher of his age —
bowed his head in agony, and in deepest humiliation ut-
tered the touching prayer: "I beseech your Lordships be
merciful to a broken reed !"
Let us trust that he proved that "sweet are the uses of
adversity!" That in his hour of darkness he could ex-
claim Avith the Royal Psalmist, who also "passed through
the deep waters :"
" Bonum mihi quia humiliasti me: ut discam justiflcationes
tuas!"
That affliction was thus profitable to him, we have good
ground for believing. In that solemn and affecting prayer
with which he turned unto the Lord his God, we have evi-
dence of unfeigned humiliation and heartfelt devotion.
Mr. Addison quotes this in the Taller, with some most ap-
propriate prefatory remarks :
" I was infinitely pleased to find among the works of this extra-
ordinary man a prayer of his own composing, which, for the eleva-
tion of thought, and greatness of expression, seems rather the
devotion of an angel than a man. ... In this prayer, at the same
time that we find him prostrating himself before the great mercy-
seat, and troubled under atfiictions which at that time lay heavy
upon him. we see him supported by the sense of his integrity, his
zeal, his devotion, and his love to mankind; which give him a
much higher figure in the minds of thinking men, than that great-
ness had done from which he had fallen. I shall beg leave to
write down the prayer itself, with the title with it, as it was found
amongst his lordship's papers. wntt<Mi in bis own hand; nol being
able to furnish my readers with an Hiitertainmeiit more suitable
to this snlt-mn time."— Tuf/fr. 207, Dect-mber 2."'., 1710.
A Prayer, or Psuini, made by v\y Lord Bacon., Chancellor
of Euijland.
" Host gracious Lord God. my merciful Father from my youth
up! My Creator, my Redeemer, my Comforter! Thou. O Lnrd.
soundest and searchest the depths and secrets of all hearts; thou
BAC
acknowledgest the upripht of heart: thou jud;xest the hypocrite;
thou pouderest men's thoughts and doings as in a balance ; thou
measurest their intentions as with a line; vanity and crooked
ways cannot be hid from thee.
" Rememljer, 0 Lord ! how thy servant hath walked before thee ;
rememtjer what I have first sought, and what hath been principal
In my intentions. I have loved thy assemblies, I have mourned
for the divisions of thy church, I have delighted in the brightness
of thy sanctuary. This vine, which thy riLcht hand hath planted
In this nation. I have ever prayed unto thee that it might have
the first and the latter rain, and" that it might stretch her branches
to the seas and to the floods. The state and bread of the poor and
oppressed have been precious in mine eyes ; 1 have hated all cruel-
ty and hardness of heart ; I have, though in a despised weed, pro-
cured the good of all men. If any have Ijeen my enemies. I thought
not of them, neither liath the sun almost set upon my displeasure;
hut I have been, as a dove, free from superfluity of maliciousness.
Thy creatures have been my books, but thy Scriptures much more.
1 have sought thee in the courts, fields, and gardens; but I have
found thee in thy temples.
'■ Thousands have been my sins, and ten thousands ray trans-
gressions, V)ut thy sanctifications have remained with me, and my
heart,, through thy grace, hath been an unquenched coal upon
thine altar.
" 0 Lord, my strength ! I have since my youth met with thee in
all my ways, by thv fatherly compassions, by thy comfortable
chastisements, and by thy most visible providence. As thy fa-
vours have increased upon me, so have thy corrections; so as thou
hast been always near me, 0 Lord ! and ever as my worldly blessings
were exalted, -so secret darts from thee have pierced me; and
when I have ascended before men. I have descended in humilia-
tion before thee. And now, when I thought most of peace and
honour, thy hand is heavy upon me. and hath humbled me ac-
cording to thy former loving-kindness, keeping me still in thy
fatherly school, not as a bastard, but as a child. ,Tust are thy
judgments upon me for my sins, which are more in number than
the sands of the sea. hut have no proportion to thy mercies ; for
what are the sands of the sea? Earth, heavens, and all these are
nothing to thy mercies. Besides my innumerable sins. I confess
before thee, that I am debtor to thee for the gracious talent of thy
gifts and graces, which I have neither put into a napkin, nor put
it, as I ought, to exchangers, where it might have made best protit,
but misspent it in things fiir which I was least lit: so I may truly
say, my soul hath been a sti-anger in the cour.se of my pilgrimage.
Be merciful unto me, O Lord, fir my Saviour's sake, and receive
me unto thy bosom, or guide me in thy ways."
When we admire the vast plans of this great architect,
and contrast the magnificoDt design with the com)mra-
tively meagre performance, and then remember that the
allurements of ambition, and the seductions of pleasure,
were suiBciently strong to tempt from his work the wise
master-builder, we feel as we should on beholding the
gigantic but unfinished proportions of the castle of some
Titan, who had left his labour to chase a butterfly, or, in
some flowery grove, had wasted the noontide in inglorious
repose.
A new edition of Bacon's works is Ijeing pub. Ijy Long-
mans, ed. by James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, and
Bouglas DenoD Heath.
Bacon, Henry, b. 1813, at Boston. Ordained, 1834.
Christian Comforter; Teachings and Tendencies of Uni-
versalism; Sacred Flora; Memoir of Mrs. C. A. Jerauld:
pub. more than 60 tracts and sermons. Ed. Ladies' Re-
pository of Boston 19 years.
Bacon, Jas. A Catechism and Sermon, 1660.
Bacon, Jas. 1. The Libertine, 1791. 2. The A.
Indian, 1795,
Bacon, John. Con. to Medical Comm. ii. 296, 1774.
Bacon, John. Liber Regis, vel Thes.aurus Rerum
Ecclesiasticarum ; with an appendix, containing proper
Directions and Precedents relating to Presentations, In-
stitutions, Inductions, Dispensations, &c., Lon., 1786.
Bacon, John, 1740-1799, an eminent English sculp-
tor, wrote the Disquisition on the Character of Painting
and Sculpture, pub. in Rees's edition of Chambers' Diction-
ary ; and assisted Mr. Strutt in bis Diet, of Engravers.
Bacon, John, d. 1820, a native of Connecticut. A
Sermon. 1772. Answer to Huntington, 1781. Speech on the
Courts of U.S.. l.'<02. Conjectures ou the Prophecies, 1805.
Bacon, Leonard, D.D., b. 1802, at Detroit, Mich.,
where his father was missionary to the Indians, graduated
at Yale College, 1820 ; studied theology at Andover four
years, and became pastor of Centre Church, New Haven,
Conn., in 1825, which position he still occupies, (1858.)
1 Select Practical Writings of Richard Baxter, with Life
of the Author, New Haven, 1831 ; 2d ed., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo.
2. A Manual for Young Church-Members, 1833, ISmo. 3.
Thirteen Historical Discourses on the Completion of Two
Hundred Years from the beginning of the first church in
New Haven, 1839. 4. Slavery discussed, in occasional
Essays from 1833 to '46, N. York, 1846. 8vo. His nume-
rous contributions will bo found in the Chris. Spec, 1822-
39 inclusive. The New Englander, 1843-58 inc.. The
Independent, 1849-58 inc., of which journal he is one of
the editors.
96
BAC
Bacon, Matthew. New Abridgment of the Law;
6th ed., with considerable additions by C. E. Dodd and Sir
Henry Gwillim, Lon., 1832, 8 vols. r. 8vo.
The second American edition of this excellent work was
pub. in 1842-1856, in 10 vols ; edited by Judge Bouvier of
Philadelphia, well known as the author of the celebrated
Law Dictionary, and of the Institutes of American Law.
See EouviER, John.
" This work is pi-ciliablv in more gener.al use in the United States
than any other English' Abridgment of the Common Law. The
various titles being written in the form of dissertations renders
it quite a law library in itself." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Lord Eldon cited Bacon as an authority. Bouvier's edit
has the advantage of a copious index, which renders it of
far greater value than any other edition.
Bacon, Mary A. 1. Sonnets on Flowers, illuminated
by Owen Jones, Lon., r. 8vo. 2. Sonnets on Fruits, illumi-
nated by Owen Jones, 1848, r. 8vo. 3. Winged Thoughts,
illuminated by Owen Jones. 1851, r. Svo.
Bacon, Sir Nathaniel, youngest son of Sir Nicholas
Bacon, the first baronet.
'■ There is in the Additional MS. (in the British Uluseum, No.
397) ■ a relation of the state of Francis Spira,' which, it is probable,
was written by him." — Rose's Biog. Diet.
Bacon, Nathaniel, grandson of Lord Keeper Bacon,
has had attributed to him the authorship of An Historical
Discourse of Uniformity of the Government of England,
1647-1652. Reprinted in 1672, and in 1682. The pub-
lisher was prosecuted and outlawed. The Earl of Chatham,
in his letters to his nephew, praises this work highly.
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 1510-1579, Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal in the reign of Elizabeth, father of Francis
Bacon, the illustrious jjhilosopher, was educated at Eene't
(now Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge. His biography
belongs to political, rather than to literary, history. A
number of his Speeches are preserved in Collections of
MSS., of which Bishop Tanner gives a list. Holinshed
ranks him with those who have written something con-
cerning the History of Engband. Mr. Masters refers to a
commentary by Sir Nicholas upon the 12 Minor Prophets.
In 1723 was pub. his Right of Succession in the Stuarts,
exclusive of Mary Queen of Scots, defended against Sir
Anthony Brown.
" I have come to the Lord-Keeper and found him sitting in hia
gallery alone, with the works of Quintilian before him. Indeed, he
was a most eloquent man, of rare Icarniug and wisdom as ever I
knew England to breed."— POTTENUiM.
Bacon, Phanuel, d. 1783, Rector of Balden, of
Magdalen Coll., Oxf., was author of, The Kite, a Poem, (see
Gent. M:ig., 1758:) 5 dramatic pieces, viz.: 1. The Taxes.
2. The Insignificants. 3. The Tryal of the Time-Killers.
4. The Moral Quack. 5. The Oculist, all, 1757, pub. in a
vol., and entitled Humorous Ethics, Ballads, Songs, Ac
Bacon, R. The Laljyrinth the Kingdom is in, with
a Golden Thread to bring it forth into Light, Liberty, and
Peace again, Lon., 1646.
Bacon, K. N. Prize Essay on the Agriculture of
Norfolk, Lon., 1846, Svo.
" This work is much esteemed, and contains the sentiments of a
sound, practical judge, and of an enlightened writer." — Donaldson's
Agrirult. Biogntphy.
Bacon, Robert, 1168?-1248, an eminent English
divine, studied at Oxford, where he subsequently read di-
vinity lectures. Dr. Pegge thinks that he was either elder
brother, or uncle, of Roger Bacon. The latter is the con-
jecture of Leland also. He wrote, 1. Glosses on the Holy
Scripture. 2. On the Psalter. 3. Discourses. 4. Lec-
tures. Pits, Leland, Hearne, Cave, and other authors,
have confounded this Robert Bacon with Roger.
Bacon, Robt. Misccll. Pieces in Verse, Lon., 1790.
Bacon, Bakon or Bacun, Roger, 1214-1292, an
English monk of the order of St. Francis, was born near
Ilciiostcr, in Somersetshire. Although living in the cen-
tury in which a number of great names occur — Thomas
Aquinas, Alexander Hales. Albertus Magnus, Bonaven-
tura, &c. — yet he is certainly second to none, and perhaps
deserves to be ranked first. After studying at Oxford,
Bacon sought the advantages offered by the University of
Paris, then the resort of all desirous of perfecting their
education. Here be formed that intimacy with Robert
Grossetestc, afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, which proved
of such service to him in the prosecution of those studies
to which he devoted his life. Pegge and Chalmers deny
this intimacy. He was also largely indebted to the patron-
age of Edmund Price Archbishop of Canterbury, William
Shirwood, Chancellor of Lincoln, and Richard Fishacre,
a celebrated teacher of the sciences. At Paris he took the
degree of doctor of theology, after which, whether in
Franco or England is not known, he assumed the monastic
BAG
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habit of the Franciscans. Keturnin*; tu Eng:land, he set-
tled at Oxford, where ho is supposed to have made his
principal experiments in natural philosophy and other
branches of st-ieuce and speculation. It is not a little re-
markable that he perceived and deplored the insufficiency
of that system of philosophy which his illustrious name-
eake, about four hundred years subsequently, so success-
fully attacked : referring to the inadequacy of Aristotle's
canons to answer the difficulties to which they are applied,
he remarks :
" Si habereni potestatem super libros Aristotelis, ego facerem
omnes cremari ; quia non est nisi temporis amissio studere in illis,
et causa erroris et multiplicatio ignorantiie ultra id iiuod Taleat
explicari.''
According to Dr. Hutton, who drew his knowledge " from
Bome scarce books," he expended in twenty years' researches
some £20U0, a very large sum for the time, supplied by
some of the heads of the Universities. His proficiency in
learning was wonderful. He is said to have been a perfect
master of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and to have added
thereto a knowledge of the Arabic tongue. He was pro-
foundly versed in metaphysics, theology, grammar, as-
tronomy, chemistry, mechanics, logic, chronology, optics,
magic, and other departments of learning. He made many
extraordinary machines, and was so noted for this skill as
to have the reputation of a magician. Ho has the credit
of having invented the air-pump, the camera obscura, the
diving-bell, and gunpowder. Some passages from his
works have been cited as a proof of his having invented
gunpowder :
■■ In omnein distantiam. quam volumus. possumus artificialiter
couiponere ignuni comburentem ex sale petnt* et aliis. . . . Sed
tamen salis petra? luru miipr can ubre et sulphuris; et sic fat-ies
tniiitruui et coruscJitiooem, si scies artificium." — Ep. de Secretis
Opi-rculis Artis et Hatiuce.
Bacon is one of a number of learned men to whom the
vulgar imputed the manufacture of a brazen head which
possessed the faculty of speech. His patron, Robert Gros-
seteste, Pope Sylvester II., and Albertus Magnus, all had
the credit, or discredit, of having formed by magic a won-
derful head of this character. Though indeed the latter,
not satisfied with a head only, made a man complete, who
" not only answered questions very readily and truly when
demanded," but became so loquacious as to interrupt the
studies of Thomas Aquinas ; " he was so flippant with his
brazen toiujue, that Thomas Aquinas, a reserved and con-
templative person, and pupil at that time to Albertus Mag-
nus, knocked the idol to pieces to stop its talking!" Me-
thinks we see our reader smile; perhaps he is incredulous;
but these were very wise men, the mngicians of the 12th
and 13th centuries ! As to Friar Bacon's brazen head, we
find in Rose's Biog. Diet., "an abridged version of the legend
from a rare tract, entitled The Farmer's Historie of Friar
Bacon. 4to, Lon., 1652. Friar Bacon, it is pretended, dis-
covered after great study, that if he could succeed in
making a head of brass which should speak, and hear it
when it spoke, he might be able to surround all England
with a wall of brass. By the assistance of Friar Bungey,
and a devil, likewise called into the consultation, he ac-
complished his object, but with this drawback — the head
when finished was warranted to speak in the course of one
month, but it was quite uncertain when ; and if they heard
it not before it had done speaking, all their labour would
be lost. After watching for three weeks, fatigue got the
mastery over them, and Bacon set his man Miles to watch,
with strict ininnctions to awake them if the head should
speak. The fellow heard the head at the end of one half-
hour say, 'Time is!' at the end of another, 'Time was!'
and at the end of another half-hour, 'Time's past!' when
down it fell with a tremendous crash, the blockhead of a
servant thinking that his master would be angry if he dis-
turbed him for such trifles ! We cannot conclude better
than in the words of the excellent Robert llecorde — 'And
hereof came it that fryer Bakon was accompted so greate
a negromancier, which never used that arte, (by any con-
juncture that I can fynde,) but was in gcometrie and other
mathematicall sciences so experte, that he could doe by
them suche thyngesas were wonderful in the sight of most
people.' — Pftthway to Knowledge, 4to, Lou., 1551. '* A
leuglhened account of Bacon's experiments and discoveries
in the sciences, ^c. does not, of course, come under the
head of literary history. We refer the reader to the Biog.
Brit., Rose's Biog. Diet., Cunningham's Btog. History, &c.,
and earlier accounts. His writings were very uumerous.
Leland complains that Bacon's MSS. were so dispersed,
that it would be easier to collect the leaves of the Sybil
than the very names of the treatises he wrote. He gives
the titles of 30. Bale collected the titles of mure than SO.
7
Pits brings the number up to nearly one hundred ; and Dr.
Jebb classifies them, (see Tabic in Biog. Brit.,) making in
Grammar, 5; Mathematics, Physics, &q., 23; Optics, 10;
Geography, 6 ; Astronomy. 7 ; Chronology, 1 ; Chemistry,
y; Magic, 5 ; Physic, 9; Theology, 6; Logic, Metaphysics,
and Ethics, S ; Philology and Miscellany, 12. The'Opug
M.ajus was published by Dr. Jebb in London, in 1733, and
repub. at Venice, 1750. Speculum AlchemiEC Norib., 1541.
De Mirabili Potestate Artis et Natura*, .fee, 1512. In
French. Paris, 1612. Trad, par J. Girard. In English,
Lon., 1659. Another trans, under the title. Discovery of
the Miracles of Art, Nature, and Magic, Lon., 1657, by T.
M. His Chemical tracts will be found in the Thesaurus
Chemlcus, Svo, Frankf., 1603. The treatise on the means
of avoiding the infirmities of old age was first printed at
Oxford in 1590. In this treatise he expatiates upon secret
and mysterious medicines. Dr. Richard Brown repub.
this work under the title of The Care of Old Age and the
Preservation of Youth. Many of his MSS. are unpublished.
Computus Rogeri Baconis; Compendium Theologicum,
and Liber Naiuralium, are in the King's Library. Opus
Minus and Opus Tertian are in the Cottonian Library. —
See Lists of his Works in Biog. Brit., and in Watts Bib.
Brit. The monks of his order accused him of converse
with evil spirits, which caused the Pope to have him im-
prisoned, but he was released by the successor to the papal
chair, Clement IV., by whose encouragement he wrote his
Opus Majus.
Dr. Freind considers that since the days of Archimedes
the world had seen no greater genius than Roger Bacon.
AVe shall institute no comparison between Roger and his
celebrated namesake, the Lord Chancellor. In point of
erudition, Roger far surpasses the latter. Gerard Joannes
Vossius gives Roger no meagre praise:
"In tlit^ yt-ar lli"*' flourished in every kind of learning among
the Eii;;lish, Jtoj^c^r IJacon, a Monk of the Franciscan order, and an
Oxford Divine, a man of such vast learninK, that En(::laTid. nay
the whole world beside, had not in this respect his equal, or his
second; yet either through the envy or the ignorance of the ai^e
in which he lived, he was stigmatized as a magician."' — De j.Vu-
tnra Artium.
" The mind of Roger Bacon was strangely compounded of al-
most prophetic gleams of the future course of science, and the best
principles of the inductive philnsnphy, with a more than usual
credulity in the superstition of his own times." — IIau.am: Lit.
of Euvi'pp. ?ee this excellent writer's Resemblance of Roger Bacon
to Lord Hacon, in vol. ii., ib. See also Retrospective Review, vol.
vii. p. tU.
Bacon, Thomas.
Itacoii, Thomas,
Bacon, Thomas,
Lawa ut" Maryland, 1705.
nue of Ireland. 1774.
Bacon, Thomas, Lt, First Impressions and Studies
from Kature in llindostnn, 2 vols., Lon., 1837.
"The L'i;i)>li!i' ilhistralions of this work are creditable to Mr.
Bacon's taste :iiid sKiil as an artist."
Bacon, Vincent- Con. to Phil. Trans., 1734.
Bacon, Wm. A Key to Ilclmont. Lon., 1682.
Baconthorp, Bacondorp or Bacon, John, d.
1.34fi. was born at BacHnthtirp. a vilbigc in Norfulk. He
studied first at Oxford, then at Paris, lie was called " The
Resolute Doctor." Several of his works have been pub-
lished : Commentaria seu Qunestiones per quatuor Libros
Sententiarum, Mediol., 1510. Six editions. Compendium
Legis Christi, et Quodlibeta, Venice, 1527. Philosophia,
Aug. Taur., 1667, 3 vols. 4to. A Catalogue of his writings
will be found in Leland, Bale, and Pits. Baconthorp was
the head of the followers of the -^jhilosopher Averroes.
Being remarkable for smallness of stature, Pits and Fuller
make themselves merry therewith :
"■ Erat quidera, ut alter Zachieus. statura pusillus. sed int^enio
magnus, ut mirum sit in tarn exili corpusculu tantas habitasse
virtutes, et naturam in tantillo homuncjone tarn sublime colo-
casse ingenium. Tam ingentia scripsit vulumina, ut corpus non
tulisset qund ingenium protulerat. Nam si moles librnrum ejus,
composita farcina. auctoris humeris imposita fuisset, homulum,
sine dubio comprimere suffecisset."
'■ He was, like another Zacheus, a very dwarf in stature, but of
so great a genius, that it is surprising such exalted virtues should
dwell in so small a body, and that nature should have placed so
sublime a wit in such an epitome of a man. lie wrote such large
volumes, that his body could not have sustained the product of
his mind. For if the weight of his books, bundled together, had
been laid upon their authors shoulder, the little man must un-
doubtedlv h;ivo sunk under it." — I^ts De illus. Angl. ^triptor., in
Biog. Brit.
Fuller, who is so ready in making occasion for a witti-
cism, of course avails himself of so fair an opportunity as
the little Resolute Doctor gives him.
" First, for the dwarfishness of his stature,
' Scalpellum calami atramentum charta libellus.*
97
Reliques of Rome, Lon., 1563.
Sermons pub. 1749-51.
lu American Epis. clergyman.
Complete System of the Reve-
BAD
BAG
His pen-knife, pen. ink-horn, on^ sheet of paper, and anv of his
books, would amount to his full hcrzht. As for all the books of
his own making, put tnt^etiKT. tlirir liurdcii were more than his
body could lK*ar. Secondly, for his hi(]}, spirit in his low body. In-
deed his soul liad but a small din,'ts,- to \ isit. and therefore inifrht
the better attend the effectual inf inuiny; tliereof ... lie p;ropL-d
after more li,ij:ht tlian he saw. s;iw more than he durst sjn-.-ik nf.
spake of more than he was thanked f:)r by thoseof hissupi-rstitinus
order, [English Carmelites,] amon;;st whom, ( saith Hale. ) ni-it h.-r be-
fore nor aftei-, arose the like for leamiut^ and religion.'' — W'n-tliics.
Badcoek, R. Horticul. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746.
Badcock, Rev. Saml., 1747-1788, a dissenting
minister, took orders in the Church of Enj;;Land in 1787,
when he became curate of Broad Cly.«t. lie was an able
contributor to The London Review, London Maj^azinc,
General Evening Post, St. James Chronicle, and to The
Monthly Review. In the last-named periodical, he pub-
lished a review (June and Augn.st, 1783) of Dr. Priestley's
History of the Corruptions of Christianity ; it was wittily
remarked of this review, that no one save Dr. Priestley
would wish it to be shorter. The Doctor took his critique
so much to heart, that in less than a mouth he published
in pamphlet form A Reply to the Animadversions, Ac.
in The Monthly Review for June, 1783, &c. This was
answered in the September number of the Review. The
principal point at issue was the Doctrine of the Primitive
Church concerning the Person of Christ. This review
"was generally admitted to be a most triumphant refuta-
tion of Dr. Priestley's opinions, as well as one of the most
elaborate specimens of criticism that modern times had
furnished." Another writer remarks, *' Badcoek continued
his assault, sparing neither the history nor the Defence ;
and, in the view of many, demolished the system he had
assailed." Ho pub. some memoirs of the Wesley family,
which led to some controversy with the excellent John
Wesley. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v.
" Mr. Badcock was one of the most distincuished literary men
of his day. His judj^meut was sin^^ularly acute and compl-ehen-
sive; his learning; profound and various; his j;enius fertile and
lively, but regulated by a most exquisite taste." — Cunningham's
Biog. History.
Mr. Nichols introduced Mr. Badcock to Dr. Johnson, and
the following letter from Mr. B. to Mr. N., referring to Dr.
Johnson's opinion of Priestley, i« not withnut interest:
" How much I am obliged to you for the favour you did uie in
introducing me to Dr. Johnson! Tontum vidi Viry'ilium. But to
have seen him. and to have received a testimony of respect from
him, was enough. I recollect all the conversation, and sha\\ never
forget one of his expressions. Speaking of Dr. Priestley, (whose
writings. T saw, he estimated at a low late.) he said, ' You have
proved him as deficient in probity as he is in learning.' I called him
an^Itiilej-- Si-holiir:'' but he was not willing to allow him a claim
even to that merit. He said * that he borrowed from thnse who
had been borrowers themselves, and did not know that the mis-
takes he adopted had beL'U answered by others.' I often think of
our short, Imt precious, visit to this great man. I shall consider
it as a sort of an o'ra in ray life."
Baddam, Benj. " Memoirs of the Royal Society,
being a new Abridgment of the Philosopliical Transac-
tions, from 1665 to 1735, inclusive, L(m.. 1738-41, 10 vols.
4to. For an interesting article relative to the Philosophi-
cal Transactions, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol, i.
BaddeIly,Geo. 12Sermons.l752. 12 Discourses. 1766.
Bnddcly, R. Tiicolog. & Polit. pamph.. Lon., 1622-53.
Badolly, John, M.D. Narrative relative to a cure
performed by Prince Hohenlohe on Miss B. O'Cimor, 3d
cd., L(.n.. 1823.
Badeiiock, Jas., M.D. Con. on Med. and Ornitho-
logy to Mod. Ohs. & Inq.. and Phil. Trans., 1770-71.
Badeslade, Thos. Nav. of King's Lyn.,1725. River
Dee, 173.^.
Badiior, C. Admonitions to Piirents. Ac., Lon., 1S03.
Bad;;er, J. Cures of the King's Evil by R. touch, 1748.
Badger, Stephen, of Mass. Discourses, 1774. Let-
ter re), to the Indians, in Mas.s. Hist. Coll., 1797.
Badham, Charles, M.D. Med. Works, &e., Lon.,
1808-18. '
Badham, C. D. Esculent Mushrooms of England,
Lon., ]817. r. 8vo. Prose Halieutics, &c., p. 8vo.
Badlands Thos. Sermon, 2 Cor. iv. IS. 1676.
Baola, H. X. On Fever & Rheumatism. Lon., 1800.
Balhn, Wni., 1584-1622, a celebrated English navi-
gator, wrute an account of his voyage under James Hall,
in 1612,
'' Which is chiefly remarkable as being the first on record in
which a method is laid dnwn for determining the longitude at sea
by au observation of the he.aveuly bodies.''
Ho also wrote an account of his voyage under Robert
Bylot in 1615. His name will ever he remembered by the
Baydis<-overedbyhim.inavovagemndennderBvlotini616.
Baj^c, Robert, 1728-lSOl. a noveli.^t of considerable
talent, whose memory has been honoured by havin-^ Sir
96 -^ =<
Walter Scott as his biographer, wrote Mount Heneth. pub.
1781; Burnham Downs, the Fair Syrian, and James
Wallace. William Hutton gives some particulars of him
in his " Life."
" Mount Heneth became justly popular, from the vivacity of its
style and dialogue, and the many well-drawn characters, and
apposite reflections on questions of morality and humanity. . . .
All his novels were tavouraldy received by the public, as far su
perior to the common run of novels." — Chahm-rs's Biog. Diet,
Bagford, John, 1650?-1716, an enthusiastic collector
of literary curiosities, was bred to the occupation of a
shoemaker, but did not acknowledge the obligation of the
old maxim, "Ne sutor ultra crepidam :" but even Apelles,
however, would not have desired to restrain the zeal of
this useful and amiable lover of antiquities. He became
extensively acquainted with old books, prints, and coins,
and possessed no slight knowledge of the Roman remains
in Britain. Of this there is ample evidence in his curious
letter to Hearne, in the 1st vol. of 2d edition of Leland's
Collectanea. He did not confine his researches to the
book-stalls and shops of London, but travelled abroad for
book-sellers and literary gentlemen, enriching their shelves
and libraries with his acquisitions. In this way he was a
sort of humble Dibdin to the Spcnsers and Hebers of his
time. His private collection of books, title-pages, covers,
&c. was very large. As must always be the ease with a
man whose education has been picked up item by item,
without system, he sometimes displays amusing ignorance
in conjunction with his knowledge. He projected a history
of his favourite art, and, in 1707 published in the Philo-
sophical Transactions, his " Proposals for a History of
Printing, Printers, Hluminators, Chalcography, Paper
Making, &c.," price to be £1 for a book of 800 pages. He
seems to have lacked encouragement, as the book never
appeared. After his death, Lord Oxford purchased his
collections and papers for his library. They are now in
the Harleian Collection in the British Museum, in 42 folio
volumes: but a melancholy sight a portion of them pre-
sent; for, as Dibdin remarks,
*'A modern collector and lover of perfect copies will witness,
with shuddering, among Bagford's immense collection of title-
pages, the frontispieces of the Complutensian Polyglot, and Chaun-
cy's History of Uertfordshke, torn out to illustrate a History of
Printing.''
He was employed as a collector by Lord Oxford, Dr.
John Moore, Bishop of Ely, Sir Hans Sloane, .Sir James
Austin, and others. Mr. Eagford was one of the many
ingenious men in the world whose natural talents are con-
tinually hampered for want of early education. See in-
teresting accounts of him in Dibdin's Bibliomania, in
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and Hearne's prefaces to
Guil. Roper Vita, D. Thoma' Mori, 1716, and to Walter
Hemingford's history. " At vero in hoc genera fragmenta
colligcudi omnes quidem alios quantum ego existimare
possum facile superavit Joanus Bagfordits, de quo apud
Hemingum, Ac." We quote a line or so from the Hemingi
Wigornensis Cbartularium, to which reference is made.
" Had his education been eijual to his natui-al genius, he would
have proved a much greater man than he was. And yet, without
this education, he was certainly the greatest man in the world in
his way." — IHhihn^s BihUomania.
Bagrers, Jeffrey. Essays on Amplification, Lon.. 1802.
Bagsjs, John. View of the Millennium, Lon., 1798.
Baa^iey, Geo, See Bayley, Geo.
Bagley, Wm. The New Practice of the Courts of
Law at Westminster, Lon., 1840.
" The a\ithor has attempted to combine the learning and scien-
tific method of Tidd, with the practical familiarity of Tnipey, and
to condense within the compass of a volume, not only the sub-
stance of the statutes, rules, and decisions relating to proceedings
at law. but minute instructions for taking every step in such pro-
ceedings."
The practice of the Chambers of the Judges of the
Courts of Commcm Law, in civil action. Lon., IS.^4.
" Mr. Bagley's work is as good as a work can be on the snliject
he has chosen. He has attempted, and with as much success as
was jiossilile. to do that wliich is next to impossible, namely to
sep.Tr.nt(^ the pra.tire at rhnmbevs from the pi-actice of the courts
gem-r.illy." Sir Marvin's Legal Kibl.
Bagnal, Thos. The Excellency and Usefulness of
Masonry : a Sermon preached before the Free Masons, on
Heb. iii. 4. 1767.
Bai^noK or Bofrnall. A Permon. Lon., 176.3. Edu-
catiun, 176;'>. Trans, nl Telemachus into Eng. verse, 1791.
Ba£;nol, Roht. The Steward's Last Account, in five
Sermons, on loth St. Luke, Lon., 1622.
Ba^nold, Joseph. Wisdom and Innocency; a Ser-
mon on Matt. X. 16, 1700.
Basot, Daniel. Treatise of the Bankrupt Laws of
Irchiiid. 17il."i. Otiier Law Trentises, 1791-1S04.
Bagot, Daniel, Viciir of Neury. 1. Disciples in the
BAG
BAl
Storm. 2. Temptation of Christ in the Wil'lerneps. 3. Trea-
tise on the Lord's Supper. 4. Treatise on the Transfigu-
ration.
Bagot, Lewis, 1740-1802, was successively Bishop
of Bristol, Norwich, and St. Asaph. He was educated at
Westminster Schoul, and chosen thence student of Christ
Church. He pub. a number of theological works, 1772-
1790, the principal of which is Twelve Discourses on the
Prophecies concerning the first Eytablishment and sub-
sequent History of Christianity, preached at the AVarbur-
touian Lecture, in Lincoln's Inn Chapel, 1780.
" liishop Uaj^ot opened his lectures by prelimiuary observations
on the nature and value ofthe evidences drawn from prophecies;
including some pointed remarks on Lord Monboddo and Mr.
Gibbon. The subjt-ct of bis subsequent discourses were, the pro-
mise of a second dispensation under the tirst; the progressive
nature of the kingdom of (!od; the distinctive characters of the
Messiah, and the nature of his kingdom; the time limited by the
prophets, and the proofs of its fullilment; thi^ conformity of the
life of Christ and of his kingdom to the predictions: the prophe-
cies concerning the latter times: and the general recapitulation
of the whole subject.'' — Britisk Critic, vol. xxvii. p. iMi'.i,
Dr. Bagot has been commended as a man of great learn-
ing, and of the most gentle and amiable manners.
Bagot, Richard, Bishop of Oxford. A Charge at
his Third Visitation. Oxf, 1833. A Charge at his Fourth
Visitation, Oxf., IS 12.
Bagshaw, Edward, 1604-1662, of Brasenose Coll.,
Oxf., a lawyer who at first opposed the cause of Charles I.,
but subsequently became one of his adherents, publislied
a number of theological and political works, 1633-1663.
Whilst imprisoned by the Parliament, he wrote a treatise
which does not argue much respect for the opinion of his
judges, viz. : The Rights of the Crown to England, as it is
established by Law. This he puiilished very appropriate-
ly in 1660 — the year of the Bestoration. The earliest of
his publications was the Life and Death of Mr. Robert
Bolton, 1633. Mr. Bulton was the author of the well-
known treatise, entitled The Four Last Things. Anthony
Wood refers to his sitting in ''that most wicked conven-
tion that begun at Westminster, 3 Xov.. 1610. But soon
after, perceiving full well what mad courses the members
thereof took, he left them." He left two sous, Henry and
Edward, wlm are next to be noticed.
Bagshaw, Edward, 1629-1671, son of the preced-
ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxf., in 1646, and
ordained by the Bish<)p of Exeter, in 1659. It is enough
to make him memorable that he was second master of
Westminster School, when the famous Dr. Busl\v was
head master. The two dominies could not agree, and
Bagshaw was displaced. For some time he was chaplain
to Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. Wood gives a long list of
writings, principally controversial, directed against Baxter,
L'Estrange, Morley, Bishop of Worcester, and others.
These yjuldications have sunk into ol)livion. He appears to
have inherited his father's belligerent spirit, as well as his
cucoethes scribendi. Anthony Wood, who seems to spare
no man in his wrath, represents young Bagshaw whilst
at college as any thing but a modest and well-behaved
young man :
'■ lie expressed himself very often intolerably impudent, saucy,
and refnwtory to the Censor, and thereupon was either iSconst
[mysterious ceremony!] or put out of Commons. . . . When
quadiugesimal disputations were publicly perforuied in the schools,
he would, without any provocation, take the qnestions. either of
au under-graduat*, or bachelor, purposely to dispute with him,
and so consciiuently show his parts, and be shouldered out. or
carried out into the .[uadrangle on the shoulders of his admirers.
... lie sliowt-d liims.'lf a turbulent and domineering person, not
only in his cnll.jgi-, Imt in the University, where "twas common
with him to disturb the Vice-chancellor with interposed speeches,
without formalities, and with his hat cocked." — Athai. Oxon.
Added years do not seem to have mellowed his rough
temper. Becoming obnoxious to government, he was sub-
jected to twenty-two weeks' imprisonment in Newgate.
He was undoubtedly a man of marked ability, but had too
nuK-h of \\\(tfortitri- in re.
Bagshaw, Henry, 1632-1709, another son of Ed-
ward Bagshaw, Senior, was educated at Westminster
School, and Christ Church, Oxf. He held one of the pre-
bends in the Church of Durham. He seems to have played
the lamb to his brother's lion, being remarkable for in-
offensiveness of character. He pub. A Sermon on Ps. xxxvii.
37, 1676. Diatribie, or Discourses upon select texts against
Papists and Socinians, 1680, etc.
Bagshaw, Henry. Sermon, Matt. xxi. 13, 1698.
Bagshaw,.lohn. Two Sermons. 2 Sam. xix. 14,15, 1660.
Bagshaw, William, 1628-1702, a Nonconforming
divine, whose zeal and usefulness in the northern parts of
Derbyshire acquired fur him the title of " Tlie Apostle of
the Peak." He pub. a number of works, and left a large
quantity of MSS. upon various sulijects: no less than 50
vols, in folio and quarto, written with his own hand. Among
his pub. works are, 1. Waters fur a Thirsty Soul, in several
sermons on Rev. xxi. 6, 1653. 2. The Miner's Monitor,
or a Motion to those whose Labour lies in the Lead and
other Mines, 1675. 3. De Spiritualibus Pecci, or Notes con-
cerning the Work of God, and some that have been Work-
ers together with God, in the High Peak of Derbyshire,
Lon., 1702.
Bagwell, William, an English mathematician and
astronomer of the 17th century. Mistery of Astronomy
maid plaine to the meanest capacity, Lon., 1655. Sphynx
Thebanus, an Anth. Descrip. of both the Globes. The Dis-
tressed Merchant, 16-45. Wit's Extraction, 1664.
" A curious work, with a portrait, at the t>aok of which is printed
a family j;i-oup. seated at taMe at an eveuinj; party." — LowNfits.
Baildon, John, joint author with John de Beau-
chcsnc of A Bfiiik cout. I'ivers Sorts of Hands, Lon., 1570.
Baildon, Jos. Trans, of Mcxia's Rarities of the
Worbl. Lou., 1651. Wonder of the World, 4to, 1656.
Bailev. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 180L Anon.
Bailey, Abr. The Spightful Sister: A Comedy,
Lon., 1667.
Bailey, Alexander Mabyn, See Bailey, Wm.
Bailey, B. Exposition of the Parables of our Lord,
&,(!., with a Prelim. Dissert, on the Parable Lon., 1828.
'• This work, entirely devoid of an evan^^elicfll charaeter. will be
found useful to the clerical student, as embodying a copious col-
' lection of annotation, criticism, and disquisition upon the portions
of f^cripture illustrated." — Lowndes.
Bailey, Edw., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746.
Bailey, 11. Reports of Cases in Court of Appeals,
S. Carolina, 1828-1832, 2 vols. Charleston, lS.S;i-18;{4.
Reports of Cases in Equity, argued in Court of Appeals,
S. Carolina, Charleston, 1841.
Bailey, Henry, Curate of Hingham. Fdtuale Anglo-
Catholicum, Lon., 1S47.
Bailey, Henry Ives, Per. Cur. of Drighlington.
The Liturgy compared with the Bible. Lon.. 183.3,
Bailey, Ilev. Jacob, b. 1731, Rowley. Mass. His MS.
Journal has Iil-lmi cdit«>l liv Bauti.ktt, Rev. Wm. J., \q. c.l
Bailey, Jacob Whitman, b. ISll, at Ward, Massa-
chusetts, grad. at West Point, 1832, Appoin. Prof. Chem.,
it.c. at the U. S. Military Acad., West Point, 1838. Con-
tributed various valuable papers in the American Jour, of
Science, and in Smithsonian Contributions to Science.
Bailey, Jas. Hierogly. Origo et Natura, Cantab., 1816.
Bailey, John. Agricultural Works, &c., 1794-lSll,
Bailey, Margaret L., born at Sussex, Virginia.
'■ Mrs. Biiiley is lUvourably known hoth as a poetess and a prose
writer." — Wnmau"^ litxord.
Bailey, Nathan, d. 1742, a philologist of gi-eat abili-
ties, was the author of the well-known dictionary which
bears his name. The 4th edition (1728) was long the only
dictionary in general use. It was enlarged into two vols.
8vo, 1737, and afterwards issued in folio, by Dr. Jos. Nicol
Scott. The last was considered the best edition, and is
still a favourite with some students. Johnson's first edi-
tion of his dictionary was imlili,--hed in 1755. There is a
curious anecdote connected with Bailey's work. It was
studied through twice, word by word, by Mr. Pitt, after-
wards Earl of Chatham, the import and mode of construc-
tion of each word carefully examined, so that the strength,
the significance, and the beauty of the English language
might be properly understood, and enlisted in the service
of oratory when required. Some of the sermons of Bar-
row, it will be remembered, were committed to memory Ijy
Mr. Pitt, for the same purpose. '* I^robably no man, since
the days of Cicero, has ever submitted to an equal auiount
of drudgery." The effects of this philological training
were witnessed in the copious vocabulary, and precision
in application, which distinguished Chatham's elocution.
Wilkes, indeed, seems to criticize his language, when he
tells us, "he had not the correctness of language so strik-
ing in the great Roman orator, but he had the verba ar-
(hutiit — the bold, glowing words.*' But Mr. Wilkes's opi-
nion, upon any subject save the right of suflrage, and
choice of rare books, has but little weight with us. Ho-
race Walpolo describes Chatham's language as having
been amazingly fine. "Not content," says LordLyttle-
ton, ** to correct and instruct his imagination by the works
of men, he borrowed his noblest images from the language
of inspiration."
We should not forget to acknowledge the improvements
' made in the folio edition of Bailey's dictionary by G. Gor-
I don, who made additions to the mathematical part, Phil.
j Miller to the botanical terms, and T. Lidiard to the etyiuo-
: logical portion: the whole being revised by Dr. Scott.
99
BAI
Dr. Harwood's care was bestowed npim the revision of the
8vo edition, of which the 15th edition was pub. about 1769.
Mr. Bailey published several other educational worlis; and
a Dictionarium Domesticum in 1736.
Bailey, Peter, d. 1823, editor of The Museum, (Lon-
don,) pub. Sketches from St. George's Fields, by Giorgione
di Castel Chiuso. A volume containing some of his epic
poetry, entitled Idwal, was printed, but not published. It
was founded on the events connected with tlie conquest of
Wales. A Greek Poem of Mr. B.'s was pulj. in the Classi-
cal Journal. Ilis last publication was an anonymous poem
in the Siienser measure, called A Queen's Appeal.
Bailey, Philip James, b. 1816, a member of the
Bar, son of the proprietor of tlie Nottingliam Mercury, is
the author of Pestus, The Angel World, 1850, and Mystic,
1855. Few poems upon their first appearance have ex-
cited so much attention as Festus :
'* It is an extraordinary production, out-Heroding Kant in some
of its pliilosophy. and out.OoetbingGoetlie, in the introduction of
thi.- three persons of the Trinity as interlocutors in its wild plot.
Mo.st olyectionable as it is on this account, it yet contains so many
exquisite p-issages of genuine poetry, that our aduiii-ation of the
authors genius oveipowers the filling of mnrtitication at its being
misapplied, ana meddling with such dangerous topics." — Lond'm
Literary Gazette, 1839.
Mr. Bailey was but about twenty years of age when
Festus was finished. It was published in 1839. His youth
has proliably mitigated the censure to which it is thought
Festus is liable for grave errors both of style and senti-
ment. The second edition, published three years after the
first, was much enlarged, and in later editions it has been
still further augmented to about three times its original
length. '• Every line has undergone the refining crucilde
of the author's brain, and has been modified by tlie greater
maturity of his mind." A late critic, an exquisite poet
himself, thus spealss of Mr. Bailey :
" As a piet in actual achievement, I can have no hesitation in
placing him far above eithri- Ibowning or 8tiiling. His Festus is
in many respects a very rt-aiaikal'le production — remarkable alike
for its poetic power, and its utter neglect of all the reiiuirements
of poetic art. . . . Yet with all these excesses and defects, we ape
made to feel th.at Festus is the work of a poet. ... In The Angel
World, we have the youthful iwet more sobered down; and the
consequent result has been one not exactly to be wished — its
beauties and its defects are each alike less prominent." — Moir's
Poet. Lit. nfthe Past Balf-Cintury.
The Age: Politics, Poetry, and Criticism. A Colloquial
Satire. 8vo, 1858.
Bailey, Rnfus William, b. 1793, at yarmouth,
Maine, graduated at Dartmouth College, 1813. 1. Family
Preacher; a vol. of .Sermons. 2. Mother's Request. 3. Tho
Issue ; lieing Letters on Slavery. 4. Manual of Grammar.
Bailey, Samuel, h. 1787, at Sheffield, Eng., author
of a number of works on Politics, Political Economy, ic.
Essays on the Formation of Opinions, Ac. This work, by no
means unobjectionalde in its tendency, di-splays consider-
able ability. Any writer might be proud of the commenda-
tion of the distiiiguished authority whom we shall quote :
"It would be an act of injustice to those readers who are not
acquainted with that valuable volume entitled Essays on the
Formation of Opinions, not to refer them to it aa enforcing that
neglected part of morality. To it may be added a masterly article
in the Westminster Review, occasioned by the Essays." — Sitt J.4Ml^s
Mackintosh : 2d Prel. Diss, to Eict/c. Brit.
Essays on Pursuit of Truth and Progress of Knowledge,
8vo ; 2d ed., 1844. Letters on tho Philosophy of the Human
Mind; 1st Ser., 8vo. Money and its Vicissitudes in Value,
1852, Svo. Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, 1841,
8to. Theory of Reasoning, Svo. Discourses on various
subjects before Literary Societies, 1852, 8vo.
Bailey, T. List of Bankrupts, Dividends, Ac. for 1804.
Bailey, Thomas, 1785-1856, father of the .author of
Festus. Advent of Ch,arity, and other Poems, 12mo. His-
tory of Nottinghamshire, 3 vols. r. Svo. Records of Lon-
gevity, pub. just before his death.
Bailey, Walter, M.D. See B.u.ey.
Bailey, Wm. Advancementof Arts. Ac, Lon., 1 772-79.
A Treatise respecting the Poor in Work-Houses, Lon.,1768.
This vol. was pub. by Alex. Mabyn Bailey.
Bailie, J. K. Fasciculus Inscriptionum Grfecarum,
Lon., 2 vols. sm. 4to, 1844-46.
Baillie, Capt. A Solemn Appeal to the Public, 1779.
Baillie, Alex. A work on Scottish Calvinism, 1628.
Baillie, (Jeo. On the Bankrupt L.aws, 1809.
Baillie, Hugh. A Letter to Dr. Shebbeare, 1775.
Baillie, Joanna, 1704-1851, one of the most dis-
tinguisiied writers in an .age prolific in good authors, was
born iu a
" Scottish Manse, in the upper dale of the Clyde, which h.as, for
Us mild character and lavish production of fruit, been termed
Fruit L.and.' . . . One of the linest specimens of the fruit of this
lUO
BAI
l'T,xuriant dale is .Toanna Baillie. a name never pronounced by 8cot
or Briton of any part of the empire but with the veneration duo
to the truest L'enius, and the adection which is the birthright of
the truest spi?cimens of womanhood." — Howitt's Ilrtmes of the Poets.
Miss Baillie for the principal part of her life was a resi-
dent of Hampstead, near London, where she died, Feb.
23, 1851. She always lived in retirement, and for some
years before her death in strict seclusion. While she re-
ceived visitors, it is stated that nearly all the great writers
of tlie age had, at one time or another, been among her
guests. Scott spent many pleasant hours with her, and on
her visit to Scotland in ISUii she spent some weeks in his
house at Edinburgh. Her last visit to Seott and to Scol^
land w:is iu 1820. See Life of Scott.
Their father was a Scottish clergyman ; their mother,
a sister of the celebrated Dr. William Hunter ; and
Matthew Baillie, M.D., another distinguished physician,
was brother to Joanna and Agnes. Miss Baillie's earliest
poetical works appeared anonymously; her first dram.atie
efi'orts were published in 1798. under the title of A Series
j of Plays, in which it is attempted to delineate the stronger
passions of the mind ; each passion being the subject of
' a tragedy and a comedy. A second edition was demanded
in a few months ; in 1802, and in 1812 a third volume ap-
i peared. In 1804 she puldished a volume of Miscellaneous
i Dramas; and in 1810 The Family Legend, a tragedy,
made its appearance. This drama, founded on a Highland
tradition, was brought out with success at the Edinburgh
theatre, under the auspices of Sir Walter Scott.
•• Jany 30. ISIO. My Dear Miss Ilaillie. — You have only to ima-
gine all that you could wish to give success te a play, and your
conceptions will still fall short of the complete and decided tri-
nniph of the Family Legend. . . . Every thing that pretended to
distinction, m li<-ther from rank or literature, was in the boxes, and
in tb>- pit suih an aggreg.ate mass of humanity as I have seldom,
if ever, witnessed in the same place."— &"« to Miss Baillie.
".Miss Baillie's play went oir capitally here. . . . We wept till
our hearts were sore, and ap]ilaud.-d till our hands were blistered;
what could we more?" — .S-"/f to Mr. Marn'tt.
It was played 14 nights, and in 1814 was acted in Lon-
don. In 1836 our authoress published three more volumes
of Plays. Thus an interval of 38 years had occurred be-
tween "the first and the last publication of her dramas.
In 1823 the Poetic Miscellanies appeared, containing
Scott's dramatic sketch of MacdufTs Cross, some of Mrs.
Heman's poetry, and Miss Catherine Fanshaw's Jciix
d'cujiri'l. A few months before her death, Miss Baillie
comideted an entire edition of her dramatic w^orks. The
Martyr had been published separately. She also pub-
lished Metrical Legends of E.xalted Characters; and A
View of the general Tenor of the New Testament regard-
ing the Nature and Dignity of Jesus Christ.
Although so advanced in years. Miss Baillie retained
the complete possession of her faculties until the last.
Lord Jeffrey writes ;
" .\piil lis. 1S40. 1 forgot to tell you that we have been twine
out to Hampstead to hunt out Joanna Baillie. aud found her the
other day as fresh, natural, and amiable as ever ; and as little like
a Tragic 'Mu.se. ^ince old Mrs. Brougham's death, 1 do not know
so nice an old woman."
Again, January 7, 1842, he writes:
"AVe went to Hampstead. and paid a very plea.sant visit to Jo-
anna Baillie. who is marvellous in health aud spirits, and youth-
ful freshness and simplicity of feeliug, and not a bit deaf, blind,
or torpid.''
The literary stranger from a distant land sought an in-
troduction to her whose writings had been " household
words" since childhood ; and who, secluded from the busy
world, considered herself a mother to the poor, and was
by them esteemed the "Lady Bountiful" of the neigh-
bouriiood.
'• I am glad that Mrs. Ellis and you have derived any amuse*
ment from the House of Aspen. . . . But the Plays of the I'as-
sious have put me entirely out of conceit witli my Germanized
brat; aud should I ever again attempt dramatic composition. I
would endeavtiur after the genuine old English model." — Scott to
George Ellis, Ar;.
In a letter to Miss Baillie, dated 1810, Scott remarks:
'■ You say iiotbin:; about the di-ama on Fear, forwhich you have
chosen so admirable a subject, and which. I think, will be in
your own most powert\il manner. I hope you will have an eye to
its being actu.ally represented. Perhaps of all passions it is the
most univers.ally interesting.''
We find tho tragedy of Fear again referred to, after its
publication in the volume issuetl in 1812 :
" It is too little to say I am enchanted with the said third
volume, especially with the two first pKays. which iu every point
not only sustain, but even exalt, your reputation as a dramatist.
The whole character of ttrra is exquisitely supported, as well as
imagined, .and the langu.age distinguished by a rich variety of
fancy, which 1 know no instance of. excepting in Shakspeare."
" If Joanna Baillie had known the st.age practically, she would
never have attached the importance she does to the development
of single p.assions in siuL'le tragedies; and she would have in-
vented more stirring incidents to justify the passion of her cha-
BAI
rarters. and to pive them that air of fatality which, thou-rh pecu- '
liatlv predominaut iu the (.irefk drama, will also be found, to a
cerUiiii exti-ut. in all successful tra-edit;s. Instead of this, she
tries tn make all the passions of her main characters proceed from
til." wilful natures of the beings themselves. Th-'ir feelinLTS are
not precipitated bv circumstances, like a stream down a declivity,
that leaps from rock to rock; hut. for want of incident, they seem
often like water on a level, without a propelling impulse.*' — Camp-
BELL : Life of Mrs. SkUioji^.
We appeal to the reader whether this criticism is not, I
in fact, just the highest compliment which could have
been paid to Miss Baillie's management of her characters. |
Mr. Campbell's censure really amounts to this: Miss i
Baillie prefers the exhibition of human nature to catering |
for stage effect and slavishly following an unnatural code j
and a heathen morality. Her object was not so much to
" take the house by storm." as to take the heart by truth. ,
'•That air of fatality," the absence of which Mr. Camp-
bell deplores, is the very error to be eschewed by the
Christian teacher, whose duty it is to illustrate the truth
that man. as a free agent, will secure happiness by the
practice of virtue, and reap misery as the fruit of vice.
Luve, Hatred, Fear, Religion, Jealousy, Revenge, and
Remorse, may each be made to enforce the truth that
'* the way of the transgressor is hard," or to impress the
mind with the abiding conviction that Wisdom's ways are
" ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace."
What does Miss Baillie set forth as her own canon?
'■ Let one simple trait of the human heart, one expression of
passion, genuine and true to nature, be introduced, and it will
stand forth alone in the boldness of reality, whilst the false and
unnatural around it fedes away on every side, like the rising ex-
halation of the morning." — Prcparat(fry Discourse to Jirst vol. of
Dramas. 179S.
"Joanna raillic. as the author of Count Basil and De Montfort,
is entitled to a iiuidi lusher plac« amou^ dramatists than the au-
thor of Metrical beL^-'inls is amonti mere poyts. With much ima-
pinative eii'TLiv. riui.h oljservaut thought, and great freedom and
for.r I'f ili-lii].rilinii. together with a fine feeliiig of nature, and an
ocr:i^ional M.i--siii.ieriaa softness of diction, it may be claimed for
Joanna ll.iillie that she uniformly keeps apart from the tiite and
common-place; yet we cannot help feeling a delii-iency of art. and
tact, and taste, alike in the management of her themes and the
structure of her verse."— J/'iVs P'-'t. Lit. of Past llaff-Ccnturi/.
Baillie, John. A Letter to Dr. , in answer to a
Tract in the Biblio. Auc. et Mod. Rcl. to Freiud's Hist.
Phys.. 1727.
Baillie, John, Prof, of Arabic, etc. in the New Col-
lege. Furt William, Bengal. Sixty Tables elucidatory of
the 1st part of a Cour.se of Lectures on the Grammar of
the Arabic language, Calcutta, 1801, folio.
Five Books upnn Grammar, together with the principles
of Inflection in the Arabic language ; collected from an-
cient MSS., Calcutta, ISO2-O3/2 vuls. 4to.
" Of all the publications on this department of Literature, these
are the most useful and important." — Dr. Adam Clarke.
Digest of Mohammedan Law, according to the Tenets
of the twelve Imans. compiled under the Superintendence
of Sir Wm. Jones. Calcutta, ISOo, 4 vols. £10 10«.
'■ A biiihly valuable work." — Lowndes.
Baillie, Marianne. First Impressions on a Tour
upon the Continent, in the summer of 1818, through France,
Italy, Switzerland, the Borders of Germany, and a part
of French Flanders, Lon., 1S19.
" Without being a strikintr. it is. at least, a superior sort of itine-
racy. The style is easy, withovit being very pure, and the whole
Ctshionof the performance is that of a. tfentlewomanlihe sort, with-
out those high litorary pretensions which sometimes make, and
sometimes mar. tourists and writers of other descriptions." — LoJi-
don Literary Gazette.
Lisbon : Manners and Customs of Portugal, 1821-2-3,
Lon., 1825.
" These pleasing little volumes, full of feminine vivacity in their
descriptions, ]mf it in our power to diversify the praver character
of our Kevifws with an entertaining selection of Portuguese anec-
dotes and delin.-ations. A residence of two years and a half in
the country, alford'-d sufUcient opportunity for studying the peo-
ple and observing.' their mimners. and her pictures are most piquant
and original." — Loiidun Lit-iranj Gaz'^tte..
'• This is a very agreeable book, and a very faithful one. for we
are well acquainted with the places which it describes, and can
vouch for its fidelity." — Quarterly Review.
Baillie, Matthew, M.D., 1761-1823, a very distin-
guished physician, was the son of the Rev. James Baillie,
D.D., anil Dorothea, sister of the celebrated William and
John Hunter: his sister, Joanna Baillie, became as emi-
nent in the walks of literature as her brother in tlie graver
pursuits of medical science. In 1779 he was admitted of
Baliol College, Oxf., where he took his degree of physic
in 1789. Ho enjoyed the great advantage of studying
under his uncle, William Hunter. Upon the death of the
latter, in 178)^, he succeeded to the Lectures with Mr. Cruik-
shank, and gained great popularity by the clearness of his
demonstrations, and his power of simplifying abstruse
BAI
subjects. Although not successful for some time in obtain-
ing much practice, his merits gradually, but surely, forced
his way. until his fees were known to amount in one year
to £10,000. His quickness of perception in ascertaining
the localities of disease made him in great request as a
consulting physician. In 1810 he was made physician to
Geo. III., and a baronetcy was ofl"ered to him, but he de-
clined the honour.
'• No one in his day could compete with him in anatomical know-
ledge, or in an acquaintance with morbid anatomy, or pathology,
which of late years has been so successfully cultivated, and which
must in a degree be attributed to the example and renown of
Baillie." — Hose's Bing. Did.
He was an extensive contributor to various learned
Transactions. See Phil. Trans., 1788-89; Trans. Med. et
Chir., 179:'.-1800; Med. Trans., 1813-15. Dr. Baillie pub.
in 1793, The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most Im-
portant Parts of the Human Body.
"This work, like every thint; he did, was modest and unpre-
tending;, but it was not on that account the less valued. A
perfect knowledge of his subject, acquired in the midst of the fullest
opportunities, enabled him io compress into a small volume more
accurate and more useful information than will be found in the
works of Bonetus. Morjrajrni. and Lieutaud. This work consisted
at first of a plain statement of facts, the description of the appear^
ances presented on dissection, or what could be preserved and ex-
hibited: and he afterwards added the nari-atiou of symptoms cor-
respt.TKliiii; "iih the morbid api)earances. This was an attempt
of i^reati-r diflieulty- which n ill reiinire the experience of successive
liv^s to perfe.-t."— .SmClucT.ics Iti.r.i..
The Appendix was pub. in 1798 ; the 2d edition, corrected
and greatly enlarged, in 1797 ; since which there have been
many editions. Two years later he pub. A Series of En-
gravings, tending to illustrate the Morbid Anatomy of some
of the most Important Parts of the Human Body. Fascic.
LX.,Lou., 1799-1802. Royal 4to, 2d edition, 1812.
" His next work was the Illustration of Morbid Anatomy, by a
series of splendid eni;ravin;xs; credita,ble at once to his own taste
and liberality, an<l to tlK- state of the arts in this country. He
thus laifl a solid foundation for patholofrv. and did for his profession
what no pliysiri.in had done before his time."— 81R Chari-ES Bkll.
Sir Walter Scott was tenderly attached to Doctor Baillie
and his sister Joanna; on the death of the Doctor, he wrote
a most eloquent letter to the poetess, which see in Lock-
hart's Life of Scott.
" We have, indeed, to mourn such a man as, since medicine was
first esteemed a useful and honoured science, has rarely occurred
to grace its annals, and who will be lamented as long as any one
lives who has experienced the advantage of his professional skill,
and the atTectioiiate kindness by which it was accompanied."
" We cannot est iinate too hi^ihly the infiuence of Dr. Baillie's
character on the iJi.if.ssion to which he belonjied. I ought not,
perhaps, to mention his mild virtues and domestic charities; yet
the recollection of these must give a deeper tone to our regret, and
will be interwoven with his public character, embellishing what
1 seemed to want no addition." — From Sir CharUs BdVs el»ge on Dr.
I Baillie.
I Baillie, Robert, 1597-1662, a Presbyterian divine
of considerable note, and Principal of the University of
Glasgow, published a number uf learned works, 10^:5-47,
and several were pub. after his death. The best-known
of the latter is his Letters and Journals, containing an
Impartial Account of Public Transactions, Civil, Ecclesi-
astical, and Military, in England and Scotland, from 1637
to 1662 : with an Account of the Author's Life, and Glos-
sary. This work, the best edition of which was put forth
by Mr. Laing in 1841-43, in 3 vols, royal Svo, was first
given to the public in 1775, at the recommendation of Dr.
Robertson and David Hume : it contains much valuable
information respecting the Civil Wars, an<l the Proceed-
ings of the Westminster Assembly. His Opus Historicum
et Chronologieum, Amst, 1663, is a learned work.
"The author endeavours to give a succinct and connected ac-
count of s;uTed and profane history, from the Creation to the Au:e
of Cnnstantine. He divides the ( Hd Testament into seven epochas,
and the New Testament into a numlwr more. At the end of the
sections, or epochas. he discusses a variety of chronolo2:ical ques-
tions, in which he discovers his K-arnintr and acuteness." — Ohmk.
Bailly, James. Sermons on Hosea ii. 19, Lon., 1697.
Bailly, J. S. Letters on the Atlantis of Plato, and
Ancient ilislorv of Asia, <tc.. Lon., 1801, 2 vols. Svo.
Baily, Caleb. Life of Jesus, collected in the words
of the English Version of the New Testament. Lon., 1726.
Baily, Francis, 1774-1844, of the Stock E.xcbange,
was the founder of the Astronomical Society and the
principal contributor to its Memoirs. 1. Tables for the
Purchasing and Renewing of Leases, 1802-07-12, 8vo. 2.
Doctrine of Interest and Annuities, 1808, 4to. 3. Doctrine
of Life Annuities and Assurances, 1810, Svo. 4. Account
of several Life-Assurance Companies, 1810-11, 8vo. 5.
Life of Elamsteed: see Flamsteed.
Baily, John, 1643-1697. a native of Lancashire,
England, emigrated to New England in 1684. and was
ordained minister of Watertowu in 1686. In 1692 he re-
lul
BAI
moved to Boston, where he resided until his death. He
pub. an Address to the people of Limerick, and a Sermon
preached at Watertown in 1689. His brother Thomas
wrote some Latin odes at Lindsay in 166S, which are in MS.
in the library of the Mass. Hist. Society.
Bailzie, or Baillie, Wm., M.D., a Scottish physi-
cian of the 15th century, was a defender of the Galenic
system, in preference to the Empiric. He wrote Apologia
pro Galeni doctrina contra Empiricos, Lyons, 1552. Mac-
kenzie ascribes to him, De Quantitate Syllabarum Graeca-
rum ct de Dialectis ; pub. in 1600.
Bain, or Bairn. Faith's Reply, ic. Death of Col.
Velly. 1SU5-06.
Bain, Wm., R.N. Variation of the Compass, 1817.
Bainbridge, C. G. The Fly Fisher's Guide ; illus-
trated Ijy Cohmred Plates, representing upwards of forty
of the most useful Flies, accurately copied from Nature,
Liverp., 1816, 8vo, 15s. 12 copies coloured with great care,
not intended for sale, 4to, £2 2».
Bainbridge, John, 1582-1643, an eminent physi-
cian and astronomer, a student of Emanuel ColL, Cam-
bridge. In 1619 Sir Henry Savile appointed him his first
Professor of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. An Astro-
nomical Description of the late Comet, Nov. 18. 1618, to
16th Dec, Lon., 1619. Prodi spha;ra de Hypothesibus
Planetarum Ptolemrai, Lon., 1620. Canicularia, 0.xf., 1648.
•■ III' left all his papers to Archbishop Usher. They are now in
the lil.rajy of Trinity Coll., Dublin. Among them are several un-
published works : 1. A Theory of the Sun. a. A Theory of the
Moon. 3. Discourse concerning the period of the yeiir. " 4. Two
Books of .\stronomical Calculations. 5. Miss. Papers on Math.
and Astron. A large coUection of his scientific correspondence,
with drafts of his own letters, are also pre.sci*ved in the same
library; including some from Kdward Wright, one of the most
celebrated astronomers of his day, and, we believe, the onlv mc-
mori.\ls of him that are now extant." See Smith's Vita Eriidit. ;
Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon. ; Kn.se's Biog. Diet.
Bainbridge, Wm. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Mines and Minerals, Lon., 1841.
" The author, a resident in the mining district, lias the honour
of first producing a regular legal treatise ujjon the law of mines.
The work is ably written, and deserves to be more generally known
in this country, [.\nierica.] where the enterprise of the people has
already opened so many sources of minen-U wealth." — Marvin's
Legal It'hl.
Baine, Bernard. Con. to Med. Obs. &, Inq., 1762.
Baine, Duncan. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 17.16.
Baine, James. Sermon,1758. Discourses, Edin.,1778.
Baine, Paul. Mirror of God's Love. ASer., Lou.,1619.
Baines, Edward, 1774-1848, b. at Riimn, Yorkshire.
History of the Wars of the French Revolution, 1814, con-
tinued under the title of a History of the Reign of George
the Third. History, Directory, and Gazetteer of the County
of York, 1822, '23. A similar work for the county of Lan-
caster, 1824, '25. Enlarged as a Historv of thi County
Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster, 1836. " See Life by his
son, E. B., 1851. In 1801, he purchased the copyright of
the Leeds Mercury, wliicli he pub. until his death.
Baines, Edivard, 1). 1800, son of the preceding.
History of the Cotton Manufacture, 1835, 8vo. He became
a partner in the Leeds Mercury in 1827, which he has con-
tinued to conduct since his father's death.
Baines, John, 1786?-1835, a m.athematician of note,
who contributed largely to the mathematical periodicals
of the d.ay. See the name in Rose's Biog. Diet., where
will be found an interesting paper upon the subject of
mathematical studies in England during the last century.
Baines, John. Danger to the Faith, [on the Papal
Aggression,] Lon., 18511.
Baines, John, or Edward. Essay on Fate, 1806.
Wars of the French Revolution. 1816-18.
Baines, Thomas, b. 1802, son of Edward Baines,
for many years editor of the Liverpool Times. History of
the Commerce of the Town of Liverpool, 1852, Lon., r.
8vo. Scenery and Events in South Africa. Part 1, fol.
Baird, Robert, D.D., b. 1798, in Fayette county,
Pennsylvania, has Ijecomo widely known in America and
Europe by his labours for the extension of the Protestant
religion. Dr. Baird has published a luimlier of works,
some of which have been translated into foreign tongues.
A View of the Valley of the Mississippi, l"hila., r832.
History of the Temperance Societies : in French, Paris,
1836 : translated into German. Dutch. Swedish, Finnish,
and Russian. A View of Religion in America. Glasgow!
1842: translated into French. German. Dutch, and Swed-
ish. Protestantism in Italy, Boston, 1845. The Christian
Retrospect and Register, New York, 1851. See Men of
the Time. History of the Waldenses, Albigonses, and
Vaudois. Visit to Northern Europe. Besides these and a
BAK
few other works, Dr. Baird has been an e.xtensive con-
tributor to periodical literature, and has embudied the re-
sults itf his observation in foreign countries in popular
lectures, which have been frequently delivered in several
of the larger cities of the United States. Sketches of
Protestantism in Italy, Past and Present; including a
Notice of the Origin, History, and Present State of the
Waldenses, new edition, much improved, portrait of the
Duchess of Ferrara, 12mo.
"A most interesting volume, which has had great success in
America. The pi-esent edition contains many important additions,
collected during the author's third visit to Italy in Dec, lS4li, and
now first published."
Dr. Baird's sons inherit the literary taste of their father.
The Rev. Chas. W. Baird had charge of a Protestant chapel
at Rome, and another son has gained distinction by his
proficiency in Greek literature.
^ Baird, Spencer F., b. 1823, at Reading, Penn.,Prof.
Nat. Sci., Dickinson Coll. Asst. Sec. Smithsonian Inst.
The able editor and translator of the Iconographic En-
cyclopedia, 4 vols. 8vo, 2 vols, plates, 500 steel plates, N.
Y''ork, 1851. Author of various minor pai>ers on Zoology,
and of reports on Natural History collections made by
Capt. Stansbury, Capt. Marcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S.
and Me.\ican Boundary Survey, and the Pacific R.R.
Survey.
Baird, Thomas. Gen. View of the Agriculture of
thecounty of Middlesex, Ac, Lon., 1793, 4to.
" The matter is well arranged, and verv sensibly expressed It
was the first report of the couutv of Middlese.x, and was followed
by those of Foot and Middleton."— Donaidsoii's Aijricult. Biog.
Baird, Thomas. A Treatise on the laws of Scot-
land, relative to master and servant, and master and ap-
prentice. Edin., 1841.
•■ A learned, elaborate, carefully written, and authoritative trea-
tise. —.M,:i fill's Lrgul Biii.
ISuirdy, John. Balm from Gilead, Lon., 1681.
Bairn, John. See Bain.
Baitman, Geo. The Arrow of the Almighty shot
against the Uncalled Ministers of England, Lon.
Baker. On Small Pox. Mem. Med., 1792.
Baker, Aaron. Sermon, 2 Sam. xv. 31, Lon.. 1678.
Baker, Aune. Glossary of Northamptonshire, 2
vols. p. 8vo.
Baker, Arthur. Sermons on Holy Joy. Lon., 1847.
Baker, Benj. Franklin, b. 1811, in Massachusetts.
Musical Author. Ed. Clioral. Timbrel, Haydn, Union
Glee-Book, Theory of Harmony, School Chimes, Ac. kn.
Baker, Charles, superintendent of the Y'orkshirc In-
stitution fur the Deaf and Dumb at Doncaster, England.
His contributions to the Penny Cyclopedia in 1835 on the
Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, and to the |iub]ieations of the Soc.
for the Difl'usion of Useful Knowledge, have been pub-
lished in 1 vol. 8vo.
Baker, D. Poems, Hicathrift; dueUum,etc.,Lon.,1697.
Baker, D. B. Nature and causes of doubt in reli-
gious questions, (Anon.,) Lon., 1831. Discourses to a Vil-
lage Congregation, Lon., 1832.
Baker, Daniel. Relation of some of the cruel suf-
ferings of Kath. Evans, and Sar. Chevers, in the Inquisi-
tion at Malta. Lon.. 1662.
Baker, Daniel, D.D., Prest. of Austin College. Texas,
a Prcsliytcriau minister. ASectionate Address to Mothers,
Phila., 18mo. Affectionate Address to Fathers, ISiuo. A
Plain and Scriptural View of Baptism. 18mo. Revival
Sermons, 12ino ; 1st and 2d series. The 3d ed. of the First
Series was pub. in 1855.
Baker, David, or Father Augnstin, 1575-1641,
made collections for ecclesiastical history, which are sup-
posed to be lost. Royner's Apostolatus Benedictorum in
Anglia is said to be chiefly derived from Baker's MSS.
Hugh Cressy's Church History owes much to the labours
of Baker. Cressy pub. at Dow.ay, 1657. Sancta Sophia,
or Directions for the Prayer of Contemplation, extracted
out of the treatises written by F. Aug. Baker.
Baker, David Erskine, d. 1767 ? was the first com-
piler of the Biographia Dramatica, which ajjpeared in 2
vols., 1764. It was continued to 17S2 by Isa,ac Reed, and
brought down to the end of November, 1811, by Stephen
Jones. The whole work is comprised in three volumes,
bound in four. Lon.. 1812. He was also the author of
some fugitive poetry, of The Muse of Ossian, Edin., 1763,
and of some papers in the Phil. Trans., 1747-54. lie was
a grandson of the celebrated Daniel Defoe. For a severe
critique, by Octavius Gilchrist, on the enlarged edition of
the Biographia Dramatica, see the Quarterly Review, vii.
283-93 : this was answered by Jones in a pamphlet enti-
tled Hypercriticism Exposed, 1812.
BAK
Baker, Ezekicl. A work on RiBe Guns, Lon., 1S05.
Baker, Geoffrey, a monk of Oseney, trans, into
Latin in 1347, Thomas De La More's French History ot
the reigns of Edward L and Edward IL Camden pub-
lished iiis cdin.niele.— Tannee.
Baker, George, d. 159<J? surfjeon in ordinary to
Queen Elizal.etb, pub. a number of professional works,
1574-79, and trans, into English, from the French, the
Apologie and Voyages of Ambrose Pare. , , .v
Baker, George, Archdeacon of Totness, and lather
of f^ir Geo. llakcr, the distinguished physician. The Re-
spect due to a Church of God, 1 Cor. xi. 22, 17.33.
Baker, George. Trans. The History of Rome by
Titus Livius, Lou., 1797. The Unitarian Refuted, ISlb.
Baker, George. Navy of England, and other
Poems, 1SU7. ic. . . . ,t .u
Baker, George. History and Antiquities ot JNortn-
amptunshire, 2 vols, in 4 parts. Imp. folio, 1S22-3G,
large paper, pub. at £25 4«. ; small paper at £12 Us.
•Mini- cf the most valu.lWe topographical works ever published,
dispiayina the most minute research aud industry. —Lowndes:
Part IV.. being the first of vol. ii., was pub. in 1836.
This portion comprises the whole of the two Hundreds ot
Norton and Cloley. the former containing nine parishes,
and the latter thirteen. It also contains a variety of other
intere«tin<' aud valualile matter. Part V. was published
in 1841 This is but a fragment, a third of one of the
usual numbers ; yet embracing the entire history of the
Hundred of Towcoster. ^ » v t tr^^
•■The History of Northamptonshire has not been exempt from ;
the nsu.%1 difficulties appertaining to works of .a topographical na-
ture? yet. under all hinderauces, it has sp-adually. though slowly^
oro-ressed, whilst each successive portion h.HS been as ably pr.>
duced and each has been made as singularly valuable as the pre;
"edTn^ ones, for its m.anorial history, for the accurate fulness of
itsTdi.n-ees, [in which matter Mr. Baker had to contend with
ireat difficulties,! and for the comprehensive account of the respeit-
fve parishes or hamlets that were brought under review. '-Lon.
Gcti(. J/ap., 1S41. p,l,„,i:.
See this periodical for an interesting account ot the dis-
couragements under which Mr. Baker found himself
placed At the lime of the publication of Fart V. he had
suffered a loss of no less than 220 subscribers since he
first issued his prospectus. The arduous labours of such
able and indefatigalile topographers should be encouraged
hv he-irtv co-operation and a spirit of prompt liberality.
•Baker, Sir George, Bart., M.D., 1722-1809, was
the sou of the Rev. George Baker, archdeacon and i-egis-
trar of Totness. He was entered at King s College, Cam-
bridge, in 1742, and took the degree of M.D. in 175fa.
He was honoured by the appointment of physician in or-
dinary to Queen Charlotte, aud afterwards to Geo. 111.
Sir George was eminent as a classical scholar; both his
Latin and "English compositions have been highly com-
mended by severe judges. He pub. Dis.sertatio de Affce-
tibus A.nimi. Cantab., 1755. Oralio Haveriana, Lon.,
1751 1761 Calci Oratione. Lon.. 1701. De Catarrho et
de ilVsenteria Londineusi Epidemieis utristiue, 1762. An
Inouiry into the Merits of a Method of Inoculation of the
Small Pox, which is now practised in several of the coun-
ties of En-land, Lon., 1766. An Essay concerning _tlio
cause of the Eudemial Colic of Devonshire, Lon., lifai.
Opuscula Medica, iterum edita, Lon., 1771. He also con-
tributed to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762, 78, and So; and to
*^" He dtedln his SSth year, after having passed a long life with-
out anyTf those infirmities from which he h.^d relieved thousands
in the course of his practice; and died so easily, and apparently
so f,« from pain, thit the remarkable words of Cicero may be said
of hta, A>» V«i fuit vita errpta, sul mors donala: • He was not de-
prived of life, but presented with death.' ' Bifu'siys Bishop
Bolsuet. on the death of a great man. ■ n'a paslui M \a v,e mau
iutlm un pr^mt de la vun-f No man. perhaps, ever followed
the career of physic, and tlie elegant paths of the Greek and Ro
man Muses, for the space of several years, with more success than
Sir Geor-e Baker; the proofs of which may be seen in his pul>
lished and unpublished works, the splendour of his fortune, the
esteem, respect, and admiration of his contemporaries. —A tchoh s
Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii. ,. > -.i.
Baker, Henry, 1703-1774, a learned naturalist, with
some pretensions as a poet. An Invocation to Health ; a
Poem, Lon., 1722. Original Poems. 1725-26. The Mi-
croscope made easy, a work highly commended, Lon.,
174'1- several editions; trans, into German, Amst, 1 1 44.
Emnloyment for the Microscope, Lon., 1753. The Lni-
verse- a Philosophical Poem, intended to restrain the
nride'of Man: often reprinted. He c.mtributed to t,he
Lin Trans.. 1740: to the Phil. Trans., 1744, '48, '50, 'o5,
'57 'and '60 Mr. Baker was very successful in imparting
knowledge to the deaf and dumb, of which art he m;ide a
profession. Ue married the youngest daughter ol Daniel
BAK
I Defoe. The Bnkerian Lecture of the Royal Society was
founded by Ibis gentleman.
Baker, Henry, son of the preceding, wrote Essays,
I Pastoral and Elegiac, Lon., 1756. _
Baker, Humphrey. The Well-Spring of Science,
Lon., 1562: a very popular work on arithmetic.
" Of all works on arithmenc prior to tli>- puWicatinn of Cocker's
celebrated book on the same siil.j.rtd'-.os.i this ..1 .akcrs ap-
proaches nearest to the masterpiece uf that o.l.OM.,od.o.thn,,.tc,an
: . . It continued to he constantly rcpniitcd till los., the latest
edition we have met with." — Jio.'e's Biog. Diet.
Ho translated from the French, Rules and Documents
concerning the Use and Practice of the Common Alma-
nacs, Lon., 1587. ... . „ . ,
Baker, J. His. of the Inquisition in Spain, 4c.,
Weston, 1734. , ,^ , ^, ., , „
Baker, J. B. Grammar of Moral Philos. and N.
The.d.,1811. _^ ^ . ,n .,
Baker, James. Guide of Wales, 1793. Imperial Guide.
Baker, John. Lectures upon the Articles, Lon.,
1581-3—4.
Baker, John W. E.xperiments in Agricult., vol. vi.
^^ B'aker, Osman C, b. 1812, at Marlow, N.H Bishop
M E. Church. 1. Discipline of the M. h. Church, 12nio,
nD 253. 2. Last Witness, 24mo, pp. 108.
Baker,Peter. E-xpositiou on Acts xi. 27-30,Lon.,1597.
Baker, Rachel. Sermons del'd during Sleep, 1815.
Baker, Uichard. Idea of Arithmetick, Lon., 16o5.
Baker, Uichard, Chap, to the Brit. Residents at
Hamburg. The German Pulpit: being a Selection of
Sermons by the most eminent modern Divines ol Ger-
manv. Lnn., 1829. , t „
Baker, Richard, pub. sever.al theolog. works, Lon.,
17S'^-1S11 The Psalms of David Evangelized, 1811.
•• A practical work, adiipted to the use "f S''™"" I'fj''^' "^
hlin- them to read the Psalms with understanding and devotion.
It Si be found both pleasant and profitable to pious per-
sons."— Evavgdical Magmin*'.
Baker, Sir Richard, 156S?-1645, the grandson of
Sir John Baker, chancellorof the exchequerto Henry \ 111.,
was born at Sissingherst, in Kent. In 1584 ho was en-
tered as commoner at Hart Hall iu Oxford, where he re-
mained for three years. In 1603 he was knighted b.y King
James I. He married a daughter of Sir George Mainwar-
in.' of I"htfiel.l, in Shropshire ; and becoming surety lor
the obligations of some members of this family, he was
stripped'^of his property, and thrown into the Fleet prison,
where he remained until bis death.
He turned author in the hope of soothing his sorrows,
profitably employing his time, and providing for his ne-
cessities. His earliest work bears date 1636, wdien the
author was 67 or 68 years of age. It is entitled Cato Va-
riegatus, or Cato's Moral Distiches varied Thi.s is a poem
In addition to his " Chronicle," of which we shall speak
presently, he published a number of other works, the prin-
cipal of which are; Meditations .and Disqu.si lons^ on the
Lord's Prayer, 1637. This attained its 4th edition in 1640.
Sir Henry Wotton, his (piondam fellow-student, examined
this work in MS., and spoke of it in the following hand-
'"'TZradmire the veiy character of your st.vle, -«* ^^.^^^h
to me to have not a little of the .\frican idea of ^ Austin s Age ,
full of sweet raptures, and of researching conceits; nothing bor-
rowed, nothing vulgar, and yet aU flowing from you (.1 know not
how) with a certain equal facility."
Meditations and Disquisitions on the three last Psalms
of David, 1639. On the 50th Psalm ; the 7 Penitential
Psalms : the first Psalm ; the seven Consolatory Psalms,
1639-1040. Med. and Prayers on the ( days ot the week,
1640 Apology for Laymen's writing Divinit.y. 1641.
Theatrum Redivivnm. in answer to Mr. Prynne s H.strio-
Mastrix, 1662. Theatrum Triumphans. The two la»t are
ascribed to him, though not pub. until after his death It
is supposed that Archbishop Williams purchased our au-
thor's books for £500. He made some translations from
the French and Itali.an. . tt.„„„
Sir Richard is best known by the Chronicle of the Kings
of England, (1641,) which was the historical treasury of
our ancestors before the publication of Rapin s History.
Itwasrepub.in 1653 and 1658. To the last edition was
added the reign of Charles L, witli a continuation to 16o8,
by Edward Phillips, nephew to Milton. A fourth edition
appeared in 1665, with a continuation to the coronation ot
Charles II The Account of the Restoration was princi-
pally written Ijy Sir Thomas Clarges, (brother-in-law of
the "Duke of Albemarle,) though adopted by Phillips.
Thomas Blount published a severe criticism upon the
work under the title of Animadversions upon Sir Richard
BAK
Baker's Chronicle and its Continuation, which Anthony
Wood considered to be well deserved :
" But so it was, that the Author Baker, and his continuator
Phillips, having committed very manv errors, Thoni. Bl.mnt pub
Animadversions, Sic. . . which book containini; only a sii.dmrn of
the errors, it may easily be discerned what the whole Chronicle
containeth." — Atlten. Oxnn.
Another ed. 1684. Another abridged, and a continua-
tion to 1726, was pub. 17:iO. In all, 12 editions liave been
printed. Another in 1733, called the best edition, but it
lacks many curious papers contained in the early editions,
especially in the first ed., (16il.)
Thom.as Blount was not the only censurer of Sir Rich-
ard's Chronicle. Bishop Nicolson remarks that
" The author was a person of those accomplishments in wit and
language, that his Chronicle has been the best read and liked of
any hitherto published: the method is new, and seems t<j please
the rabble; but learned men will tje of another opinion."— Hm^ui-i-
cat Library, Part i.
" It is a very mean and jgune performance; and nowise to be
relied upon." — Bing. BrU.
" Being reduced to method, and not according to time, pur-
posely to please gentlemen and novices, many chief things to be ob-
served therein, as name. time. Ac. are egregiously false, and con-
sequently breed a great deal of confusionln the peruser, especially
If he be curious or critical." — A. Wood.
In utter contempt of the critics, edition after edition
appeared, with all the old blunders and erroneous dates
repeated. The edition of 1730 contains corrections of
Baker's errors ; but then Phillips's continuation is corrected,
many public places, lists of names, &.c. being omitted, or
the substance only of them given. So we say with the
Hebrew of ancient time — " The old is better."
Bishop Nicolson complains that
" So little regard have we for truth, if a story be but handsomely
told, the chronicle has Iteen reprinted since that time, and sells .a"s
well as ever notwithstanding that no notice is taken of the ani-
madversion.s. but all the old faults remain uncorrected."
It was a great book for the country squire's round-table ;
the companion of the Family Bible, the dog-eared, pie-
crusted Shakspeare, .and F(.x's Book of Martyrs. Sir
Roger de Coverley knew and loved it, for Addison tells us
that he found
"Since I was with him in the country, he had drawn many ob-
servations together, out of his reading in Baker's Chronicle."—
Spect'-ltnr, No. 269.
But Daines Earrington seems to think that this notice
did not benefit Baker's reputation any :
" Baker is by no means so contemptible a writer as he is gene-
rally supposed to be : it is believed that the ridicule on his Chroni-
cle, arises from its being part of the furniture of Sir Itoger de
Coverley's hall in one of the .Spectators."
But who doubts that this notice by Addison has sold
many hundreds of copies since? Nay, who does not feel a
violent desire to possess the book himself, when he is told
that the good Sir Roger thumbed its pages, and drew from
them his "many observations?"
How Dilidin can so misrepresent Anthony Wood as to
charge him impliedly with commending Baker's work, we
. cannot understand. Anthony Wood does any thing else,
as we have just shown ; aud as the reader will see at large
by referring to the Athen. 0-\on. Dibdin likewise does
great injustice to Baker in presuming that he was " a gay
and imprudent man." because he died in the Fleet prison.
Imprudence, indeed, of one description brought him into
the prison ; but not that kind of imprudence for which gay
men are generally reproached.
Baker made no secret of his opinion as to the merits of
his Chronicle. He was not like some authors who apologize
for writing until we wonder why they have written, and
then deplore their many faults, until wo marvel they have
not thrown their books into the fire. On the contrary,
Sir Richard assures us that his
" Chronicle was collected with so great care and diligence, that
if all other of our Chronicles were lost, this only would be suffi-
cient to inform posterity of all passages memoriiblo or worthy to
be known."
Having thus kindly dispelled any fears which the world
might entertain of the consequences of a gener.al literary
confi,agration. Sir Richard goes on in the same liberiil
spirit, to assure his readers that he gives them '' all pas-
sages of State and Church ;" and determined to satisfy
every craving for information however cvtravagant, he
promises to record "all other observations proper for a
Chronicle." This is tolerably liber.al ; but nothing is too
large for Sir Richard's charity. What entertainment did
that Goth of a son-in-law of his keep from us — that "one
Smith," as he is contemptuously denominated, and rightly
enough, — when with unh.aUowed hands he destroyed Sir
Richard's autobiography !
Fuller speaks of him affection.ately :
" His youth be spent in learning, the benefit whereof he reaped
In his old age, when his estate through suretyship (as I have heard
B.\K
Bim- somplain) was very much impaired. But God may smile on
them (Tn whom the world doth frr.wn; whereof his pious old a"e
was a memorable instance, when the stoi-m on his estate forced
him to fly for shelter to his studies and devotions. lie wrote an
■K.\pnsition on the Lord's Prayer," which is co-rival with the best
comments which professed divines have written on that subject."
— ITT.j-rtic,?.
Baker, Robt., d. 1680 ? wrote in verse an account of
two voyages he made to Guinea in 1562-63. See Hakluyt's
Collection.
Baker, Robert. Cursus Osteologicus, Lon., 1697.
Baker, Robert. Witticisms and Strokes of Hu
moiir, 1766.
Baker, S. Manners and Cusl. of the Turks, Lon.. 1796.
Baker. Sanil. Sermons, pub. 1710-29.
Baker, Saml. Rebellion; Ser. on Mark vii. 13, 1745.
Baker, S. U'. 1. Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon,
Lon., 1.S5H, Svo. 2. The Rifle and the Houud in Ceylon, 8vo.
Baker, T. Poem on Winter, .tc, 1767.
Baker, Thomas, Rector of Stanmcrcuni-Falmer,
Sussex. Sermons extracted from the Lectures of Bishop
Porteus. intended for the use of the younger clergy and
for families. Lon.. 1817.
Baker, Thomas, 1625-1690, an English mathema-
tician of note, born at Ilton in Somersetshire, entered at
Oxford in 1640. He pub. The Geometrical Key, or the
Gate of Equations Unlocked, Lon., 16S4. This work was
highly valued both at home and abroad. An edition was
pub. in Latin.
" Baker discovered a rule or method for determining the centre
of a circle, which shall cut a giveu parabola in as many points as
a given equation, to be constructed, has real roots. This method
is generally known as the cenlriil ruk. The central rule is founded
on this principle of the parabola: that if a line be inscribed in the
curve perpendicular to any diameter, the rectangle of the segments
of this line is equal to the rectangle of the intercepted part of the
diameter and the parameter of the axis." — Hose's Bujg. IHct,
Baker, Thomas, 1656-1740, a learned antiquary,
was born at Crook, in the pari.sh of Lancaster, in the Bi-
shopric of Durham. In 1674 he was entered at St, John's
College. Cambridge, and in 1679 became a Fellow of the
college ; in 1686 he was ordained priest by Bishop Barlow.
He accepted the post of chaplain to Crew, Bishop of Dur-
ham, who gave him, in 1687, the rectory of Long Newton.
He proved his conscientiousness by refusing to read the
declaration of indulgence of James II., and afterwards
by declining to take the oaths to the new government. In
1717, with twenty-one others, he was deprived of his fel-
lowship. After this event, he was accustomed to add to
his signature Sonus EjerHiis. He continued to reside in
his college as a commoner-master until his death. Having
now time and opportunities for study, he devoted himself
to investigations in history, biography, aud antiquities,
with a zeal seldom witnessed. So extensive were his in-
quiries, and so liberal was he in his communications of
their results, that
_" There is scarcely a work in the department of English Ilistoi-y,
Biography, and Antiquities, that appeared in his time, in which
we do not find acknowledgments of the assistance which had
been received from Mr. Baker. We may mention, particularly, Dr.
Walker, in his Account of the Sufferings of the Clergy: Burnet;
Dr, .Tohn Smith, the editor of Bede; Dr. Knight, in his Life of
Krasmus: Browne Willis; Francis Peck: Dr. Ward, in his Lives
ol^ the Gresham Professors: Dr. Richardson, in his work on the
Lives of the English Bishops: Ames in bis Typographical Antiqui-
ties; Lewis, in his History of the Knglish Translations of the Bible;
Strype and Ilearne. in many of their works," — Rose's BO.f]. Did.
He made large transcriptions from historical and other
documents; 23 vols, of MSS. he gave to the Earl of Ox-
ford. These form part of the Harleian MSS., (Brit. Mu-
seum, 7028 to 7050.) Ho also left 19 vols, of his MSS, to
the public library at Cambridge. Mr. Baker published
but one Work, Reflections on Learning, showing the insuf-
ficiency thereof in its several particulars, in order to evince
the usefulness and necessity of Revelation, Lon., 1710.
This work went through eight editions, and was one of
the most popular books in the language. The author has
a curious passage on philosophy, which we quote :
" Since Aristotle's philosophy has been exploded in the schools,
under which we had nu/re pmce, and possibly almost as much truth
as we have had siuce. we have not been able to fix any more, but
have been wavering from one point to another."
Mr. Bosworth. in his Method of Study, ranks this work
among the classics for purity of style; but difl'erent views
have been expressed :
*• Tbougli the style is perspicuous and manly, it can scarcely be
applauded as rising to any degree of elecance. It is. undoubte'dly,
in several respects, a worji of very considciable merit,"
Great disappointment was felt that Mr. ISaker did not
complete his design of writing an Athence Canlahn'r/iensi-
hus, on the plan of Wood's Athena Oxoniensis. His MSS.
collections relative to the history and antiquities of the
BAK
BAL
XTniversity of Cambridge amounted to .S9 vols, in folio,
and 3 in 4to : (in British Museum, and Pub. Lib. of Camb.
See above.) Has Cambridge no son witli sufficient zeal to
undertake the still-neglected duty of an Athen. Cantab.?
Baker was a striking instance of the truth of Hcarne's
complaint of the students of monuments and records, quoted
by Dr. Johnson in the Rambler. — Biog. Brit.
*' As their employment consists tirst in collecting, and afterwards
in arranj.^iii^, or al)stractiug, what libraries afford them, they ouj;ht
to amass uo more than they can digest; but when they have ua-
dertiiken a work, they go on searching and trauscribing, call for
new supplies — when they are alreudy over-burdened, and at last
leave theii' work unfinished. It is. says he, the business of a good
antiquary, as of a good man, to have mortality always before hun."
Of our author Hearne speaks highly :
"Optandum est ut sua quoque collectanea de antiquitatibus.
Cantabrigiensibus juris facial publici el. Bakerus, quippe qui
eruditione summa judicioque acri et subacto poUeat."
Dr. Knight styles him. "the greatest master of the an-
tiquities of this our university." Horace Walpole wrot« a
Life of Baker (in the quarto ed. of his works) in 1778, of
which a friend of Mr. Nichols writes to him : " I never
thought that the sprightly, inquisitive Horace Walpole
could ever have written any thing of so little information
or curiosity."
Dr. Richard Rawlinson gives a very great character of
Mr. Baker :
" That the people of St. John's should have highly respected Mr.
Baker, is surely much to the credit of the Society ; especially if
we consider how little people, not actually members, are liked for
stay i Dg and taking up room." — T. F. , in Nichols's Literary Anecdotus,
which see for a detailed account of Baker.
Mr. Master pub. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of
our author, with a Catalogue of his MS. collections: a sy-
nopsis of the latter may be seen in the Biog. Brit.
That the people of St. John's did '* highly respect Mr.
Baker," we have evidence in a letter of Warburton's :
{Correspond, tcith Dr. Birch in Brit. Museum.)
** Good old Mr. Uaker of St. John's has indeed been very oblig-
ing. The people of St John's almost adore the man; for as there
is much in him to esteem, much to pity, and nothing (but in vir-
tue and learning) to envy, he has all the justice at present done
him, that few people of merit have till they are dea,d."
In lamenting over the non-execution of Mr. Baker's
Athen. Cantab., we are led to bestow a few mure tears on
the abortive plan of Dr. DibJin*s intended magnificent
History of the University of Oxford. But we cannot
linger more. Let the reader refer to Dibdin's Reminis-
cences, vol. ii. p. 849. We shall defer our remarks upon
the subject until we overtake old Anthony Wood, some
years hence, in the letter W. " Some years hence," did
we say? Let us remember, "Vitte summa brevis spem
nos vetat inehoare longam !"
Baker, Thomas, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1739.
Baker, Wm., Bp. of Norwich. Sermon. Lon., 1709.
Baker, Wm,, Bp. of Bangor. Sermon, Lnn.. 1724.
Baker, Wm, Sermons pub. 171G, '20, '2(1, '28.
Baker, Win., 1742-17S5, a learned English printer,
carried on his business in CuUum Street and Ingram
Court, London. He wrote Peregrinations of the Mind,
through the most general and interesting Subjects which
are usually agitated in Life, by the Rationalist, Lon.,
1770. Theses GrascEe et Latinje Selectie, 17S0.
I- '* An elegant correspondence between him and Mr. Robinson,
i author of The Indices Tres. printed at Oxford, 1772, and some let-
ters of inquiry into the difficulties in the Greek Language, which
still exist, are proofs of his jrreat erudition, and the opinion enter-
tained of him by some of the first scholars. . . . InthetJreek, Latin,
French, and Italian Languages, he was critically skilled, and had
some knowledj^e of the Hebrew. . . . Such vras "his modesty, that
many amoni; bis oldest and most familiar acquaintance were ig:no-
rant of his learning;, and when learning was discussed, his opinion
could never be known without an absolute appeal to his judg-
ment.''— Chabners's Biog. Diet.
Bakewell. Domestic Guide in Insanity, 1S05. Moor-
land Bard, 1807.
Bakewell, F. C, Natural Evidence of a Future
Life, derived from the Properties and Actions of Animate
and Inanimate Matter; a contribution to Natural Theo-
logy, designed as a Sequel to the ^ridgewater Treatises,
1S40. This work has been highly commended. Mr. B.
is the author of the Philosophical Conversations.
"3Ir. Bakewell establishes by analogical reasoning a strong
probability for the immortality of the soul ; his arguments are al-
ways ingenious, and candidly stated, and he draws strong conclu-
sions ti-om his premises." — London AthntfFum.
*' This may claim to i-ank as a tenth Bridgewat^r Treatise.''
" We strongly recommend this volume. Mr. Bakewell is evi-
dently a master of reasoning and language. The reader who ac-
companies him through his arguments, will be delighted by the
acuteness of his reasoning, and have his mind enriched by much
curious knowledge, both in physical and physiological science." —
Lonrlnii S']wc(ator.
Bakewell, Robt., father of the preceding. Intro-
duction to Geology, Lon., 1S13, Svo, A number of edits,
have been pub. Mineralogy and Crystallography, 1819, Svo.
Influence of Soil and Climate upon Wool, 1808, Svo.
Bakewell, Thos. Work against Antinomianism,
Lon., 1644. Defence of Infant Baptism, 1646.
Bakewell, Thos. Letter on Mad-Houses. Lon., 1815.
Balam, R. Treatise on Algebra, Lon., 1650.
Balantyn, See Ballenden, John.
Balbernie, A. Obs. for the benefit of the Empire, ISIO.
Balbiruie, John. 1. Philosophy of Water Cure,
Lon., 12mo. 2. Speculum applied to Diseases of the Womb,
Svo. 3. Water ('ure in Consumption and Scrofula. Svo.
4. Words of a Water-Doctor, Svo. 5. Hydropathic Apho-
risms, 1856, 12mo.
Balcanqual, W, Sermons, &c., Lon., 1634.
Balcanquhall, Dean. On the Troubles in Scotland.
Balcarras, Karl of. A Brief Account of the Affairs
of Scotland, relating to the Revolution in 1688, Lon., 1714 ;
Ediu., 1754. Also inserted in the 11th volume of the
Somers Collec. of Tracts. A valuable historical document.
Balch, Wm., 1704-1792, born at Beverly, Massachu-
setts, pub. Sermons, &c., 1740-46.
Bald, Robt. Coal Trade, 1808, Svo. Agriculture of
the County of Mid-Lothian, 1812, Svo.
Balderston, Geo., Surgeon, Edin. Con. to Med.
Ess., ii. p. 359.
Balderston, R. R, Sermons from Archbp. Tillot-
son, Lon., 1810.
Baldgrave, O. Descrip. ofTrees,Herbs,<fec..Lon..lC74.
Baldock, Baldocke, or Baudake, Ralph de,
d. 1314, Bishop of London, and lord high chancellor of
England, was educated at Merton College, Oxford. Ho
was a prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, arch-deacon of
Middlesex, and succeeded Richard de Gravesend in the
See of London in 1304. Hia election being controverted,
the pope's confirmation was requisite. The necessary de-
lay postponed his consecration until 1306, when he was
consecrated at Lyons by the Bishop of Alba. He con-
tributed 200 marks towards building the chapel of St.
Mary on the east side of St. Paul. lie founded also a
chantry of two priests in the same church, near the altar
of St. Erkenwald. He wrot«, 1. Histuria Anglica, or a
. history of the British affairs down to bis own time. Not
I extant: Leland says he saw it in London. 2. A Collec-
tion of the Statutes and Constitutions of the Church of St.,
Paul's, extant in the library of the Cathedral in 1559. —
Bio(j. Brit.
Baldwin, Edward. The Pantheon, Lon., 1814.
Baldwin, Geo. Political Recollections relative to
Egypt. Lon., IStll. Works from the Italian, ^c, 1811-18.
Baldwin, Henry, 1779-1844, Judge of the Supreme
Court U.S. A Cenerai View of the Origm and Nature
of the Constitution and Govt, of the U. States, Phila.,
1837.
Baldwin, Jas. Serm., 1713. To a Quaker, 1757.
BaUlwiu, K. Visitation Ser., Phil. i. 27. Nurw., 1706.
Baldwin, Sanil. Survey of the Brit. Customs,
Lon.. 1770.
Baldwin, Thos., d. 1190, the celebrated preacher of
the third Crusade, was born at Exeter. In 1181 he was
elected Bishop of Worcester, and in 11S4 was translated
to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. He accompanied
Richard I. to the Holy Land, and died at the siege of
Ptolemais. He wrote a number of works.
"The treatise De Sacramento Altaris, Tanner states, was pub. at
Cambridge in 1521, 8vo; and in 1531. 4to.
" Bibliotheca Patrum Cisterciensium . . . tomus quiatus . . .
Lahore et studio F. Certrandi Tissier. Bono-fonte, Anno Domini,
1602. fol. pp. 1-159. Baldwin!, ex abbate Fordensi ordiuis Cisterc.
Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi, opera. The sixteen tracts, and the
treatises, De Oommendatione Fidei and De Sacramento Altaris.
*' The old bibliop;raphers ascribe to him, in addition to the works
already mentioned, commentaries on the books of Kings; ou the
sacnmients of the Church; a collection of thirty-three sernicns;
a collection of epistles ; and other books, with the titles. De Ortho-
doxiefideidofimatibus; Desectish;preticorum; Deunitatecharita-
tjs; De s.acerdotio Joannis Hyrcani ; Super eruditione Oiraldi; De
amore; Contra Henricum Wintoniensem; Commendatiovirffinita-
tis; Carmen devotioais; Decruce; Deangeli nuncio; Mythologia;
De ntilitate et virtute sermonis dei viri. Several of his tracts and
sermons are preserved in a MS. at Lambeth. Some of the books
mentioned in the above list are of very doubtful authority." — ■
Wi-iriht's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Baldwin, Thos. Aeropaidia; Hints on Balloons, 1786.
Baldwin, Thos., 1753-1825, a Baptist minister, set-
tled at Boston. Mass., was born at Norwich, Connecticut.
He pub. sermons and theological treatises, 1789-1806.
Baldwin, Thomas, for many years a teacher in Phi-
ladelphia. Pronouncing Gazetteer, 12mo, new ed., Phil.,
1855. In conjunction with, J. Thomas, M.D., a new and
BAL
BAL
complete Gazetteer of the United States, larj^e Svo, 10th
thousand, Phil., 1855. Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World,
lar<ce Svo. Phil., 1S55. See Thomas, J., M.D.
Baldwin, Sir Timothy, of Burwarton, in Shropshire,
bei-ame a Commoner of jialiul College, Oxford, in 1034,
and Follow of All Souls' in 1640. In 1654 Baldwin wrote
The Privileges of an Ambassador, elicited by the case of
Don Pantaleon Sa, brother to the Portuguese ambassador,
■who had killed an Englishman. In 1656 he pub. a treatise
left by Lord llerbert, Expeditio Buckingami Ducis in Ream
'Insnlam; and in 1663, a treatise of Dr. Richard Zuuch,
The Jurisdiction of the Admiralty of England asserted
against Sir Edward Coke's Articuli Admiralitatis in 22d
chap, of his Jurisdiction of Courts. — Jiosc's liiufj. Diet.
Baldwin, Walter. Impris.forDebt,1813; LetterJSlO.
Baldwin, Wm. Sermon, Eccles. iii. 12, Lon., 1701.
Baldwin, orBaldwyu, William, born in the west
of England, spent several years at Oxfurd in the study of
logic and philosophy, lie was subsequently a schoolmaster
and divine. He is said to have beeu one of those scholars
who followed printing in order to promote the Reformation.
In this last capacity he was employed by Edward Whit-
church. Bale and Pits ascribe some comedies to him ; and
it is known that he was *' engaged in the reigns of Edward
VI., and Philip and Mary, if not earlier, in preparing thea-
trical entertainments for the court." Ue compiled A
Treatise of Moral Philosophy, printed by Whitchurch,
1547-1549, and sine unnn, (Bib. Anglo-Poet. £U) lOv. ;)
afterwards enlarged by Palfryman, and several more edi-
tions pub. The Canticles or Balades of Salomon, phrase-
lyke declared in English meters, 1549: printed by himself.
Fuueralles of King Edward the Sixth, 1560. This little
tract of 24 pp. was sold at the Roxburghe sale for £19 19*.
A copy in the Bib. Anglo-Poet, is priced £25. It is the
rarest of his works : see British Bibliographer, vol. ii. p. 97.
'■ A i^ruat error concludes the desuriptioo, viz. : The subject of
this article escaped the researches of Kitson. A reference to Kit-
son's Biblio;^rapbica Poetica, p. 122, will shew that he has f^iven
the accurate title, date, and printer's name." — Bib. Anglo-Fihi.
Another edition, Lon., 1817. Presented to the members
of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. J. W. Dodd. Another
reprint appeared in 4to, 10*. 6(/.
Wood ascribes to Baldwin, The Use of Adagies, Similies,
and Proverbs, and some Comedies. "When printed, or
where, I cannot find." That intelligent antirpiary, Mr. J.
Payne Collier, considers Baldwin to have been the author of
a tract of great rarity. Beware the Cat, 1561-84. (See Hist.
of Eng. Dram. Poetry.) In this tract are some notices of
matters connected with the reputed author's history. But
may Baldwin's name ever be honoured as one of the au-
thors and editors of the noble Mirrour for Magistrates !
Of this grand work, which " illuminates with no common
lustre that interval of darkness which occupies the annals
of English poetry from Surrey to Spenser," we had in-
tended to give an account, but to do justice to the subject
requires far more space than we can afford. It will be re-
ferred to again under the name "Sackville." Let the
reader refer to Warton's History of English Poetry, Brydges'
Censura Literaria, and Haslewood's edition of the work,
(Introduction,) 1815. The Induction by Sackville, Earl
of Dorset, has been lauded as containing
'- i^ome of the finest strains of Enfrlish poetry, and some of the
most ma.:^uificent personifications of abstract ideas iu our l.Tni;ua;ie;
exceeding Spenser in dif^'uity, and not short of him in brilliance."
That man or woman who possesses A Myrrovre for
Magistrates, Whefeln may he seen by example of others,
with hoiD 'frenotts playea vices are jiuniahed, and hoio/rai/l
and vnsiahle wor/dtj/ jyrosperitie is founde, eiten of those
whom ForU^nc secmcth mont hitjhfi/ to favour ; — we say, that
man or woman who possesses this vast treasury of poetry,
philosophy, morality, and divinity, can afford to dispense
with three-fourths of the modern productions of the Muse.
We contemplate our beautiful copy with complacency as
we pay this deserved tribute.
Baldwyn, Rev. Edward, author of a number of
miscell. and educational works, Lon., 1787-1812.
Bale, Johu, 1495-1564? Bishop of Ossory, in Ire-
land, was one of the early English dramatists, and by his
literary and other labours, a zealous promoter of the Re-
formation. He was educated at the monastery of the
Carmelites in Norwich, and from thence was sent to Jesus
College, Cambridge. The date of his renunciation of the
Roman Catholic Church cannot be certainly ascertained,
but he attributes to "the illustrious the Lord Wentworth,
that he was stirred up to discover the glory of the Son of
God and his own depravity." This nobleman and Lord
Cromwtdl were his patrons; and on the execution of the
latter he withdrew into Flanders, where he remained for
106
eight years. In 1552 he was nominated by King Edward
VI. to the see of Ossory. He incurred the dislike of the
Roman Catholics by two plays, intended to promote the
Protestant faith, — John the Baptist, and God's Promises,
— which were publicly acted on a Sunday in Kilkenny. On
the death of Edward VI. he was obliged to fly for refuge
to Hullaud, and from thence to Basle in Switzerland.
After the death of Queen Mary he returned to England,
but preferred a prebend in the Cathedral church of Can-
terbury, which ho retained until his death, to the resump-
tion of his former Bishopric. Bale was a voluminous au-
thor. His dramatic pieces were intended and calculated
to promote the cause of the Reformation. Ho tells us
(Scriptor lUustr. M. Brit. Summ.) that ho was the author
of nineteen Miracle Plays, eleven of which represent
events in the life of our Saviour, and eight are miscella-
neous. The titles of these plays will give some idea of
their character :
Scries of the Life of Christ.
1. Of Christ, when he was 12 Years old, one comedy.
2-3. Of ms BAPTissr and Temptation, two comedies.
4. Of Lazarus Raised from the Dead, one comedy.
5. Of the Councills of the Bishops, one comedy.
6. Of Simon the Leper, one comedy.
7. Of the Lord's Supper, and Washing the Feet, one
comedy.
S-9. Of the Passion of Christ, two comedies.
10-11. Of the Sepulture and Resurrection, two corns.
Mincellancous Dramas,
12. Upon both Marriages of the King. (Henry VIII.)
13. Against Momus and Zoilus.
14. The Treacheries of the Papists.
15. Against the Adulterators of God's Word.
16. Of King John of England.
17. Of the Impostures of Thomas a Beckett.
18. Of the Corruption's op the Divine Laws.
19. The Image of Love.
" Each of these be states that he ' compiled,' not merely because
he borrowed his materials from the Old and New Testaments, but,
perhaps, because he adopted portions of pieces of the same de-
scription already existing. The subjects are treated as in the
older specimens, and even in point of language and versification
Bale has not much the advantage of his predecessors." — CoUitr's
Hislori/ nf Enrj. Dram. Poetry.
In 153S these plays were printed abroad in 4to. They
contain the first attempts to instruct the public mind
in the doctrines of the Reformation, by the instrumen-
tality of the stage. Bale says that the representation
of his plays, referred to before, at the Market Cross of
Kilkenny, in August, 1553, "was to the small conten-
tation of the prestes and other papistes there." — The Vb-
cayoi) of J oho n Bale. Dramatic entertainments, represent-
ing the lives of saints, and scriptural stories, had long be-
fore this time been a favourite entertainment with the
populace. The play of Saint Catherine was acted at Dun-
stable about the year 1100.
"London, for its theatrical exhibitions, had holy plays, or the
representation of miracles wrought by confessors, and of the suf-
ferings of martyrs." — Description of London, by WilHani Fitz-Ste-
phen. of the 12th century.
Matthew Paris, about the year 1240, says that they
were such as " Miracula Vulgariter Appellamus," proving
their publicity. See Warton's History of English Poe-
try. This learned writer, speaking of Bale's plays, re-
marks :
" What shall we think of the state. I will not say of the stage,
but of common sense, when these deplorable dramas could be en-
dured ? Of an age when the Bible was profaned and ridiculed
from a principle of piety ? But the fashion of acting mysteries
appears to have expired with this writer."
A dramatic piece of Bale's, thought to be the most re-
markable of his productions, entitled De Joanne Anglo-
rum Rege, and Kynge Johan, was printed in 1S3S by the
Camden Society from the author's MS., preserved in the
library of the Duke of Devonshire.
"It is a most singular mixture of history and allegory; the
events of the reign of John being applied to the times of Henry
Vni., and to the struggles between Protestantism and Popery."
In the introduction to this impression, it is remarked
of Bale :
'■ lie possesses no peculiar claimsas a poet ; and though be could
be severe as a moral censor, and violent as a polemic, he had little
elevation and a limited fancy; his versification is also scarcely as
good as that of some of his contemporaries."
Bale's most celebrated work in his collection of British
Biography, first published under the title of lUustrum
Majoris Britannica? Scriptorum, hoc est, Anglia?. Cambripe,
et Scotia?, Summarium, Ipswich, 1549: this editirin con-
tained only five centuries of writers. To these he added
four more centuries, and made corrections and adtlitions.
The book thus enlarged was entitled Scriptorum Illustrium
BAL
BAL
Majoris Britannia?, qimm nunc Angliam et Scotiam vocant, |
Catalttgiis; a Japheto per :i(518 annos. usque ad annum i
huiic Domini, &c., Basil, 1557-59. Of this work very
different opinions have been given. Wartun censures it j
strongly : I
" This work, perhaRS ori-rinally undertaken by Bale as a vehicle i
of his sentim.'nis in tvliL'ion. isin't niilv full of misrepresentation
andpartialiii^-^. .h i-in.j tr..ni lii~ r.li:i"n- pniu.lifes. but of general ,
inaccuracies. I ■■■.-Im^ j Inin in ■ ;i.. u. ■■ m mivinforniation. Even
those more aii-imi Li\rs \\tii< )i ljr ti :lii-. i I'irs from Leland's com- ;
mentary on th*^' same subject, ;iie ufleu iiiterpnlated with false
filets, and impertinently marked with a misiippHfd zeal for refor- i
mation. He is an;j;ry with many authors who flourished before
the 13th century for being Catholics."— //)"s/. nf Eug. Bidry.
But Gesner, Bishop Godwin, Laurence Humphrey,
Vogler, Bishop Montagu, and others, appear on our au-
thor's side. But, on the other hand, again we have Vos-
sius, John Pits, (Uic Lelaudi Catalogum non tam prolixe
auxit, quam prodigrose depravavit.) Wharton, Nicolson,
Harrington, and Leland, who array themselves against
the venerable bishop.
Uales, Peter, 1547-1610? the most skilful English
penman of his own, or probably of any, period, is sup-
posed by Wood to have been a member of Oxford Univ.
" He spent many years in sciences among the Oxonians, particu-
larly at Gloucester Hall."
He is the author of Brachygraphy, or tbe Writing
Schoolmaster, in Three Books, teaching Swift Writing,
True Writing, and Fair Writing, 1590-'J7, 167:^. We are
told of a Bible, written by him in short-hand, so small
that it would lie in an English-walnut-shell !
Bales, Peter, The Lord's Prayer pleading for better
entertainment: on Luke xi. 2. Lon., 1643. Infirmities in-
ducing to Conformity: on James iii. 2, 1650, etc.
Baley, or Bailey, Walter, M.D., 1529-1592, was
admitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxf., in 1550.
In 1561 he was appointed the Queen's Professor of Physic
in the University of Oxford. He wrote a number of profes-
sional works, which were pub. 15S7-1602. Directions for
Health, posthunnms, 1626. See Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Balfour, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Obs. A Inq. 1670.
Balfour, Alexander, 1767-1S29, a tradesman, and
subsequently a clerk iu tbe publishing house of Mr. Black-
wood at Edinburgh, wrote Campbell, or the Scottish Pro-
bationer, 1S19. Contemplation, and other poems, 1820.
The Foundling of Gleuthorn, or the Smuggler's Cave, 1823.
Highland Mary. He edited the poetical works of Richard
Gall, and contributed to the Edinburgh Magazine until
its expiration in 1826. Prof. Muir pub. a selection from
his writings under the title of Weeds and Wild Flowers.
A notice of the author's life is prefixed to this volume. —
Chamhirrs's Eminent Scot. •mi en.
Balfour, Sir Andrew, 1630-1694, a Scottish bota-
nist and physician. Letters relative to France and Italy,
Edin.. 1700.
Balfour, Francis, a Scottish physician of note, a
native of Edinburgh, and surgeon of the Hon. East India
Company, resided chiefly at Calcutta. He pub. a number
of prof, works, Edin., Calcut., and Lon., 1767-95. A col-
lection of Treatises on the Effect of Sol-Lunar Influence
in Fevers, Lon., 1812: this is a 2d edition of a Treatise
on the lufluenco of the Moon in Fevers, Calcut., 1784.
His theory is that all fevers are affected by the influence
of the moon. He found that the *' accession of fever takes
place during the three days which either precede or follow
the full moon." These opinions it is said have met with
"support and confirmation from the observations of Lind
in Bengal, of Cleghorn in Minorca, of Fontana in Italy,
of Jackson in Jamaica, of Gillespie at St. Lucia, of An-
nesley in Madras."
Balfour, Sir James, d. 1057, a Scottish antiquary
and poet, was a friend of Sir Roliert Aytoun, Drummond
of Hawthornden, Segar, Dodsworth, and Dugdale. To
the last-named he communicated the facts which we
find in the Monasticon Anglicanum, in the department
Coenobia Scotia. Balfour subsequently luib. these papers
with some other matter, under the title of Monasticon Sco-
ticum. He received a diploma in 1628 from the London
College of Arras, which proves the zeal and knowledge
which marked his antiquarian researches. He was a strong
opponent to the attempt to force the liturgy of tbe Church of
England upon the people of Scotland. A number of his MSS.
are preserved in the Advocates' Lib. at Edinburgh. There
was pub. in Edin., 1824, Lon., 1825, his Annales of Scotland
from MLVII.-MDCXL. ; and Memorials and Passages of
Church and State from MDCXLI.-MDCLII.. &c. Pub.
from the original MSS. preserved in the Lib. of Faculty of
Advocates, (by James Haig,) 4 vols., with portrait by
Lizars.
Balfour, James, 1703-1795, of Pilrig, Scotland. 1.
Delineation of Morality. 2. Philosophical Dissertations,
Edin., 1782. These two treatises were an attack on the
speculatious of David Hume ; but they were written with
so much candour and good feeling that Hume wrote to him
to express his feelings of esteem and request his friend-
ship. 3. Philosophical Essay's, Svo.
Balfour, John Ilutton, M.D., F.R.S.E., b. in Edin-
burgh, where be commenced the practice of his profession;
Prof, of Botany in the Univ. of Glasgow, in which he suc-
ceeded .Sir Wm. Jackson Hooker; Regius Keeper of the
Royal Botanic Garden, and Prof, of Med. and But. in the
Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Manual of Botany, Edin., 1849,
cr. 8vo ; 3d ed., revised and enlarged, 1857. 2. Class-Book
of Botany, Svo, 1800 Illustrations. The same work is also
pub. in two Parts: Part 1, Structural and Morphological
Botany; Part 2, Elements of Vegetable Physiology,
Classification, Botanical Geography, and Fossil Botany,
with a Glossary of Terms.
" In Dr. Balfour's Class-Book of Botany the author seems to have
exhausted every attainable source of inforniation. Few, if any,
works on the subject contain such a mass of carefully-collected and
condensed matter; and certainly none are more copiously or better
illustrated.'' — Hooker's Journal of Botany.
3. Outlines of Botany: being an Introduction to the
Study of the Structure, Functions, Classification, and Dis-
tribution of Plants, 1854, 12mo. 4. Biographical Sketches
of the late Dr. Golding Bird, 1855, 12mo. He contrib. the
articles on Botany to the last ed. of the Encyc. Brit,, and
has pub. many pai>ers in connexion with the Bot. Soc. of
Edin. and the Brit. Ass. tor tbe Advancement of Science.
Balfour, or Balforcus, Robert, a Scottish philo-
sopher of the seventeenth century. President of Guyenno
College at Bordeaux. Barthius praises in high terms an
edition of Cleomedes pub. (Burd., 1005) by Balfour.
" His writings display an extent oferudition which reflects honour
on the literary character of his country." — Irving'' s Lives of Scottish
Podx, q. V.
Vcrsio et Notai ad Gelazium. Ac, Par., 1599. Versio et
Comm. ad Cleomedis Meteora, Burd., 1()05. Commeutarii,
kc. Aristoteiis. Burd.. ICtlfi. Comm. in Organnm Aristo-
telis. Burd.. 10]«. Do. in Ethiea, Ac, Par., Ifi20.
Balfour, Robert, D.D., late minister of the Outer
High Church, Glasgow. Serms.. Glasg.. 1S19.
Balfour, Walter, 177G-1S52, a native of Scotland, d.
in i\Iassaehusetts. He was educated for the Church of Scot-
land by Robert Haldane, but became a Baptist at 30 years
of age, and afterwards a Univcrsalist. Three Essays on the
Intermediate State of the Dead, 12mo, Charlestown, 1S2S.
Other works.
Balfour, Wm. Medical Works. Edin., 1814-18.
Balf^rave, J. Sup. to Culpepper's E. Physic, Lon.,
Bals;uv,Chas,, M.D. Epistolo de Morbo Miliari,Lon.,
175.^. Con. to .AIc.l. Ess.. 1736; Phil. Trans., 1734.
Balguy, John, 168(5-1748, was entered of St. John's
College. Cambridge, in 1702, where he took the degree of
M.A.in 1726. He took part in the Bangorean controversy,
and pub. three pamphlets in defence of Dr. Hoadly, under
the name of Silvius. His treatises were levelled against
Drs. Stcbbiug and Sherlock. In 1726, he attacked the
opinions of Lord Shaftesbury, in A Letter to a Deist. In
1728, he pub. The Foundation of Moral Goodness: or, A
Further Inquiry into the Oriijinal of our Itlea of Virtue.
This was in answer to Mr. Hutcbeson's Intjuiry into the
Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue. His Essay on
Redemption, pub. 1741. was one of his most popular works.
Ho burned many of his sermons, that his son (see next
artii'b) iiiii^bt br- thrown entirely on his own resources.
Bal^uy, Thomas, D.D.. 171fi-1795. son of the above,
was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1732, and
took the degree of D.D. in 1758. In the same year Bishop
Hoadly appointed him Archdeacon of Winchester. Ho
preached at the consecration of Bishops Shipley, Shute,
Barrington, North, Hurd, and Moore. These Sermons were
all pub. separately, 1769-75. Divine Benevolence As-
serted and Vindicated from the Reflections of Ancient and
Modern Skeptics, 1782. He edited the Serms. of Dr. Powell,
to which he prefixed his Life, and in 1785 edited a new
edition of bis father's Essay on Redemption. Two years
later he pub. Discourses on Various Subjects.
" Hiy work on Divine Benevolence is a most able answer to An-
cient and Modern Skeptics." — liOWSDES.
Ball. Essay on Agriculture. 8vo. The Farmer's Guide,
Svo. See Dimaldson's AgricuU. Biog.. and Weston's Tracts.
Ball, Edward. The Idiot Boy, Jkc, Poems. Norw.,
1814. Author of over 100 dramatic pieces, under the nom
de rtlume of Edward Fitzball.
107
BAL
BAL
Ball, J. On an Epistle to Rev. R. Hill, ISOr.
Ball, J. The Importance of Right Apprehensions of
God, &o. In a Letter to a Friend^ Lon., 1736.
Ball, John, a preacher who participated in the Kent
insurrection in 1381, of which Wat Tyler was the hero, is
famous for having preached a sermon to a congregation of
one hundred thousand insurgents on Blackheath, from the
text
"When Adam delved, and Eve span.
Who was then the gentlemau?"
The preacher, in company with Jack Straw, and about
15U0 others, was hanged July 2, 13S1. Some of his letters
are preserved in the chronicles of the times. He used his
pen as well as his voice to propagate sedition.
Ball, or Balle, John, 16S5-1640, a Puritan divine
of considerable note, entered Brasenose College, Oxford,
1602 ; B. A. at St. Mary's Hall, 1608. He wrote a number
of theological and ecclesiastical works. A Short Treatise
concerning all the principal grounds of the Christian Reli-
gion. A very popular work, which Wood tells us was pub. 14
times ante 1632. It was extensively used in the instruc-
tion of children. In 1666 it was translated into Turkish
by William Seamen, an English traveller, under the title
of Catechism, or Principal Grounds of the Christian Reli-
gion, Oxf. A Treatise of Faith, Lou., 1632. Several of
Eis works were in opposition to publications in favour of
Becession from the Church of England.
" Though somewhat disaffected to ceremonies and Church disci-
pline, yet he confuted such as conceived the corruption therein
ground enough for a separation." — Athen. Oxon. ; Fidier''s WorthUs.
Baxter speaks of him in high terms :
" He deserved au high esteem and honour as the best bishop in
England ; yet looking after no higher things than these:"
i. €. the small profits of the little school, and his £20 yearly
salary.
" He was an excellent schoolman and schoolmaster, (qualities
seldom meeting in the same niau,) a painful preacher, and a pro-
fitable writer; and his Treatise of Faith canuot be sutSciently
commended. Indeed lie lived by faith, having but small means
to maintain him. . . . aud yet was wont to say be had enough,
enough, enough : thus contentment consisted not in heaping on
more fuel, but in taking away some fire. He had a holy facetious-
ness in his discnurse. When his friend, having had a fall from
his horse, and said that he never had the like deliverance, ' Yea,'
said Mr. Balle, 'and an hundred times when you never fell;' ac-
counting God's preserving us from, equal to his rescuing us out of
dangers. ... He hated all new lights and pretended inspirations
besides Scripture: and when one asked him, • whether he at any
time had experience thereof in his own heart,' 'No,' said he, 'I
bless God; and if I should ever have such phantasies, I hope God
■would give me grace to resist them.' Notwithstanding his small
means, he lived himself comfortably, relieved others charitably,
left his children competently, and died piously." — WorVnes.
BalU John. Antiquities of Constantinople, in 4 books,
trans, from the Latin of Gyllius, <fec., Lon.. 1729.
Ball, John. Medical works, Lon., 175S-71.
Ball, Nathaniel. Sermons, 1683-92.
Ball, Nathaniel, Rector of Wisley, Ac. Recte Vi-
vendi Ratio, &c., 1754. He pub. a number of sermons at
difterent times, 1745-63.
Ball, Richard. An Astrolophysical Compendium, or
a Brief Introduction to Astrology, Lon., 1697. Astrology
Improved, Lon., 1723.
Ball, Richard. Sermon. Matt. xxii. 21, 1682,
Ball, Thomas, 1590-1659, a Puritan divine, was a
native of Shropshire, and educated in King's College,
Cambridge. He pub. a life of his tutor. Dr. John Preston,
and Pastorum Propugnaculum. Lon.. 1656,
Ball, Thomas, and Beatty, F. Reports of Cases
in the High Court of Chancerv* Ireland, 1807-11, Dub.,
1821-23, 2 vols. ; 2d ed., 183.3-34; Philadelphia, 1839.
Ball, Wm. Political works, Lon.. 1041-55.
Ball, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1666.
Ballantine, Wm. Treatise on the Statute of Limi-
tations, (21 Jac. I.e. 16,) Lon., 1810; New York, 1812;
Albany, 1829; edited by J. L. Tillinghast.
"This small work is compiled by stringing together a number
of cases without the least possil>le labour of thought on the part
of the author. The American edition of 1812, purporting to con-
tain the American law of Limitations, has reference to seventy-one
decisions.'' — Mirvin's Legal Bibl.
Ballantine, Wm. Introduc. to Latin Reading, 1815.
Ballantyue, James, d. 1833, the friend and co-part-
ner of vSir Walter Scott, contributed many articles to the
Edinburgh Evening Courant ante 1817; after which period
he edited the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, which was the
property of his firm.
BaUantyne,John,d. LS21, brother of the preceding,
was the confidant of, and manager for, the Great Unknown.
He was the author of The Widow's Lodgings, a novel.
Ballard. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1608.
Ballard, Edward. Sermons, 1734r-46.
108
Ballard, Edward. Stock-broker's Vade Mecum,
Lon:, 1799.
Ballard, George, d. 1755, was born at Campden, in
Gloucestershire. Whilst employed in the shop of a habit-
maker, he devoted his spare hours to the study of the Saxon
language. His zeal for learning attracted the notice of that
excellent Saxon scholar, Mrs. Elstob. By the kindneps
of the first Lord Chedworth, he was removed to Oxford,
and an annuity of £60 (he declined to accept £100, which
was oflered to him) was allowed him. He was appointed
one of the eight clerks of Magdalene College, and was
subsequently chosen one of the University beadles. He
pursued his researches with great zeal in the Bodleian Li-
brary, and left the results in the shape of large collections
of MSS., now preserved in the same depository. His ac-
count of Campden Church was read before the Society of
Antiquaries, Nov. 21, 1771. His only printed work is
Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, who have
been celebrated for their Writings, or Skill in the learned
Languages, Arts, and Sciences, Oxford, 1752; Lon., 1775.
Sixty-two ladies are here chronicled, commencing with
Juliana of Norwich, born about 1347, and ending with
Constantia Griersou, who died in 1733.
*' It is pretty certain that England hath produced more women
famous for literary accomplishments, than any other nation in
Europe." — Preface.
" We find that the lives of eminent or worthy persons are gene-
rally, and deservedly, well received by the public: of which we
have here a new instance, added to the mauy of prior date, that it
would be needless to cite, in Mr. Ballard's Memoirs; a work that
has not wanted the assistaiRc and encouragement due to so com-
mendable an undertakiiii;."^-V"'((/(/y Review,\1hZ.
Hearne notices Mr. Ballard's labours:
"I know not what additions Mr. George Ballard can make to Mr.
Stowe's life ; this I know, that being a taylor himself, he is a great
admirer of that plain, honest antiquary."' — LdUr to Baler, 1735;
qu'.if'.d III/ NicMoIs.
Ballard, Reave. Sermons, 17-15-46.
Ballcnden, or Bellendeu, or Balantyn, Sir, or
Dr. John, d. 1550, a Scottish poet and historian, was a
doctor of the Sorbonne at Paris. By command of James
v., he translated Hector Boethius's History from the Latin
into the Scottish tongue. The translation was made ''with
a good deal of freedom, departing often from his author,
but generally for the sake of truth ; and sometimes, also,
adding circumstances which, perhaps, might not be known
to Hector Boece. Howt'%^er, his version, as he called it,
was very well received both in Scotland and England, and
soon became the standard of that History." — Bior/. Brit.
He was archdeacon of Murray, canon of Bosse, and
clerk of the register. His traus. of the first five books of
Livy has been highly commended :
" Ar^ a specimen of the ancient language of Scotland and of the
prose style of the purest of her early writers, this translatiMn of
Livy is peculiarly valuable. In rendering the animated descriptions
of Livy's pictured page, the translator evinces all the imagination
and vigour of a writer untrammelled by the necessity of adopting
the tiii)n>i;hts and t^entiineiits of another."
Bailer, Bichard. Psalms Evangelized, 1811.
Ballidon, J. See Balidon.
Balliu, Miss. The Statue-Room: an Hist. Tale, 1790.
Ballingall, Sir George, d. 1855 ; from 1823 to '55,
Prof. Military Surgery in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Out-
lines of Military Surgery, 8vo. 2. On the Site and Con-
struction of Hospitals, 4to. 3. Observations on the Dis-
eases of the European Troops in India.
"This is a very interesting volume; Sir George Ballingall is
already favourably known to the profession by former writings,
and the present work will not derogate from his literary or hia
professional reputation." — Johnson's Journal.
" We aro glad to see this admirable work attain to its third edi-
tion. If the place of a gre.at school of Military Surgery could be
supplied by a book, Sir George Ballingall has gone far to supply
that desideratum." — United ^rvice Magazine.
Ballon, Bev.Hosea, 1771-1852, b. Richmond, N.H.,
a prominent Univcrsalistminister. 1. Notes on the Parables,
1SU4. 2. Treatise on the Atonement. 3. Candid Review.
4. Authenticity of the Scriptures. In 1819, he commenced
The UniversaUst Mag., to which he contrib. many original
hymns. In connexion with his great-nephew, Rev. Hosea
Ballon, 2d, he commenced, in 1831, the pub. of the Uni-
versal Expositor, now pub. as the Universalist Quarterly
Review. 5. Lecture Serms., 1831. 6. An Examination of
the Doctrine of Future Retribution, 1834. Life by his son,
M. M. Ballon, (7. v.) His published works would make
more than one hundred 12mo vols.
Ballon, Hosea, 2d, b. 1796, Guilford, Vt. The An-
cient History of Universalism, from the time of the Apos-
tles to its Condemnation in the Fifth General Council,
A.n. 553, Bost., 1829, 12mo: Providence, 1842, Ed. Sis-
mondi's History of the Crusades, Bost, 1833, 12mo; Ex-
BAL
BAM
positor and Universalist Rev.. Bost., 1831-40 ; Univ. Quar.
au'l Genenil Rev.. Bost., 1854-55.
Ballou, Watui'in M., b. 1822. at Boston, Mass. 1.
Ili^turv of Cuba: or, Notes of a Traveller in the Tropics.
2. Biography of Rev. Hosea Balluu, (his father.) 3. Life-
Storjof Ilosea Baltou: a juvenile work. Editor and pro-
prietor of Ballou's Pictorial and the Flaj; of our Union.
Ballon, 3Ioses, b. 1811, Monroe Mass., nephew of
Rev. Ilnsea Ballou. 1. Memorial of Sanford. 2. The
Divine Character Vindicated : a Reply to Beechers Con-
flict of Ages. Contrib, to Universalist Quarterly since 1840.
l?ally, (-corge. Four I'oems, pub. 1754, '56, '5S, "67.
Kalinaiii, W. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1799.
Balmaiino, Mrs. Mary, wife of the succeeding, b. in
Derbyshire, England, has gained srime reputation as an
artist, poetess, and composer of music. She has contrib.
many articles to the English Annuals, and pub. several
lyrics since her residence ia America. She has edited the
Gems of Moore's Poetry, (illustrated.) with prose introduc-
tion and conclusions to each, and an illustrated edition of
Byron's Works. She pub., N.Y.. 1858. 8vo. a vol. entitled
Pen and Pencil, illustrated with cuts, a majority of which
were drawn on the block by her own hand. The beautiful
drawing of all the flowers mentioned by Shakspeare, which
excited so much attention at the New York Crystal Palace
in 1853-54 and was so highly lauded in the English and
American papers, was the production of Mrs. Balmanno.
Her force and depth of colouring have elicited great ad-
miration.
Balmanno, Robert, b. 17S0, near Aberdeen, Scot-
land, is a descendant of an ancient family, of which there
are records existing temji. James VI. of Scotland and I.
of England. Mr. B. has contrilnited many articles to the
London periodicals and to the New York Knickerbocker,
Evening Post, and Graham's (Phila.) Magazine. For many
years he has been a resident of New York ; and, although
DOW (1858) at an advanced stage of life, he is still distin-
guished for that literary enthusiasm and exquisite taste in
letters and the fine arts which rendered him so great a
favourite with Sir Thomas Lawrence, C. A. Stothard. Henry
Fuseli, Thomas Moore, Sir Martin A. Shec, Crofton Croker,
and a host of departed worthies, whose numerous unpub-
lished letters to Mr. B. and now in his possession would
form a rich entertainment to the present generation. For
some notices of Mr. Balmanno, see Mrs. Stothard's Life
of C. A. Stothard, and a Letter from Sir Walter Scott to
Sir Adam Ferguson, dated August 2, 1827.
Balmer, Robert, D.D.. 1787-1844. Prof, of Syste-
matic Theology to the United Secession Church. Aca-
demical Lectures antl Pulpit Discourses, 2 vols. ,Edin., 1845.
Balinford, James, the son of a carpenter, studied
at Oxford, and entered the Church. Carpenter's Chippes,
1607. A Short and plain Dialogue concerning the Un-
lawfulness of Playing at Cards, or Tables, or any other
Games consisting in Chance. Short Catechism, 2d ed.,
1607. A Modest Reply to a work of Gataker's, upon Lots.
Balnaves, Henry, d. 1579, was a native of Kirk-
caldy, county of Fife, Scotland. He was a zealous pro-
moter of the Reformation. John Knox gives him the cha-
racter of a very learned and pious divine. In 1563 he was
made one of the Lords of Session, and was one of the com-
mittee appointed to revise the book of discipline. Whilst
imprisoned in the castle of Rouen, he wrote what is called
by Knox, a Comfortable Treatise of Justification, Edin.,
]550. The high estimation in which this work is still
held, is evinced by its having been lately republished at a
cheap rate by the London Religious Tract Society, for
wide circulation. Confession of Faith, concerning how
the troubled Man should seek refuge in God, Edin., 1584.
This work has a prefatory Epistle from John Knox. There
is a poem of Balnavcs's in Ramsay's Collection.
'• He w:is a Kodly. learu'-d, and loug experimented counsellor." —
SiK James Mei-vil.
See Knight's English Cvclopedia, Biography, vol. i. ;
Rymer. Fcedera, xiv. 781, 783, 786, 792. xv. 142, 144; Sad-
ler, State Papers, i. 8-3, 430; Balf., Ann., i. 305; Hist, of
King James VI., 35; Knox, Hist., 35,41; Keith, Hist.,
529; McCrie, Life of Knox, 39, n. ; Catalogue of Senators
of the Coll. of Just.. 60, eeq.
Baltharpe, John. The Straight's Voyage, [contain-
ing an expedition to Algiers,] or St. David's Poem. Sold
at Lloyd's sale for £0 12«. Gd.
Baltimore, Lord. Answer to Town-tell-Truth, Lon.,
1642. His Case concerning the Province of Maryland,
Lon., 1653.
Baltimore, Fred. Calvert, Lord, d. 1772. Tour
to the East, in the year.- 1763 and 17tU. with remarks on
the City of Constantinople and the Turks. Also select
Pieces of Oriental Wit, Poetry, and Wisdom, Lon., 1767;
Dubl., 1768.
Gaudia Poetica, Latina, Anglica, et Gallica Lingua
composita, anno 1769. Augustie, 1770, 4to, with plates.
Privately printed (10 copies only) for presents. Sold at
Reed's Sale for £6 10s ; Bindley's, £7 Is.
Ccelestes et Inferni, Venet. 1771.
Balward, John. Sermon, 1774.
Bamfield, or Bamford, Joseph, an active soldier in
the civil war between King Charles I. and the Parliament,
published an Apology, an historical tract, now very rare.
" A m.in of wit and parts."— Earl of Clarendon.
Bamfield, S. A. New Treatise of Astron., Oxon, 1764.
Bamfield, Thos. Reply to Dr. Wallas's Report con-
cerning the Christian Sabbath, Lon., 1673.
Baniford, James. Plague's Infection. Lon., 1600.
Bampfield, or Bampfylde, Francis, d. 16S4,
entered Wadham College, Oxford, in 1631. He had a pre-
bend in the Church of Exeter, and subsequently was a
minister at Sherburn in Dorsetshire, of which he was de-
prived by the Act of Uniformity of 1662. His indejiend-
ence of character is amply proved by the peculiarities of
the views which he not only held, but zealously promul-
gated. His principal works are Judgment for Observation
of the Jewish Sabbath, Lon., 1672, sent in a letter to Mr.
Will Ben. All in One. Lon., 1677.
"The desijrn of which fiintasticaiid unintelligible book is for the
advancement and augment of useful Arts, and of profitable Sci-
ences, in a Scriptural way, and that all Philosophy be taught out
of the Sciiptme, and not from Heathen authors. . . . 'Tis full of
bomltast. great swelling, and forced language, and oftentimes un-
intelligible."—Wood.
The House of Wisdom. 1681,
'' In whit-h fantastical book the author would have the Hebrew
tongue and language to be the universal chamoter over all the in-
habited earth, to be t-aught in all schools, and children to be
taught it as their mother language. He proposes a way for the
erection of Academies to have it taught, and all Philosophy to pro-
ceed from Scripture, to have all books translated into that lan-
guage, and I know not wh.at." — Ihid.
Historical Declaration of The Life of Shim Asher, 16S1.
Grammatical Opening of some Hebrew Words and Phrases
in the beginning of the Bible. Falling under the displea-
sure of the government — having refused to take the oaths,
on the plea that *' the King of kings forbade him to take
them" — he was cast into prison, where he died in 1684.
Anthony Wood makes him the subject of one of his
strongly-drawn portraits;
'■ He was always a person so strangely fickle and unsteady in
his judgment, that he was first a Churchman, then a Presby-
terian, afterwards an Independent, or, at least, a sider with them,
an Anabaptist, and at length almost a compleat Jew. and what
not. He was also so enthusiastical and canting, that he did al-
most craze and distract many of his disciples by his amazing and
frightful discourses."
Bampfield, or Bamfylde, John. Sixteen Sonnets,
Lon., 1770.
"The author was truly a man of genius: he published his son-
nets at a very early age; they are some of the most original in our
language. He died in a private mad-house after twenty yeiirs'
confinement." — Southey''s Specimens of the Later EngJink Poets.
These sonnets will be found in Park's Collection of
the Poets.
Bampfield, R. W. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814.
Treatise on Tropical Dysentery, Lon., 8vo.
On Curvatures and Diseases of the Spine, including all
the forms of Spinal Distortion, Lon., Svo. Amer. ed., by
John K. Mitchell, M.D., Prof. Prac. Med. in Jefferson
Med. Coll., Phila.
"The very best treatise on spinal diseases and their treatment
extant." — Med. Exanmier.
*• We heartily recommend this book to all who feel an interest
in the matter, and especially in these days of degenerating spe-
cialities."— N. T. Jour, of Mi'd.
" The treatise is a very valuable one. and we cheerfully recom-
mend it to the profession." — New Orhans Med. Jour.
Bampton, John, of New Coll., Oxon. Serm., Ifill.
Bampton, Rev. Jno., Canon of Salisb., 1689-1751,
educated at Trinity College, Oxford, deserves honourable
mention as the founder of the celebrated series of Lectures
which bear his name. He gave his lands and estates to
the University of Oxford, upon trust, for the endowment
of Eight Divinity Lecture-Sermons, to be delivered annu-
ally : the subjects, To confirm and establish the Christian
Faith, and to confute all heretics and schismatics upon the
divine authority of the Hfdy Scriptures : The authority
of the writings of the Primitive Fathers as to the faith and
practice of the primitive Church : The Divinity of our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : The Divinity of the Holy
Ghost: The articles of the Christian Faith as compre-
hended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. The Bamp-
ton Lectures form a most valuable body of divinity: fur
BAN
BAN
1805. E. N'ares.
1806. J. Browne.
1807. T. Le Mesurier.
1508. J. Penrose.
1509. J.B.S.Carwithen.
1510. T Falconer.
18U. .1. BMlake.
1812. R. Mant.
1813. J. Collinson.
1811. W. Van Mildert.
181.5. R. Ileber.
ISIO. J. II. Spry.
1817. J. Miller.
1818. 0. A. Moysev.
1819. H. D. Morgan.
1820. Q. Faussett.
1821. J. Jones.
1822. R. Whateley.
1823. C. Goddard.
1824. J.J. Convbeare.
1825. G. Chandler.
1826. W. Taux.
1827. II. H. Milman.
1828. T. Uorne.
1829. E. Burton,
1S30. II. iioames.
1S.-31. T.W.Lanra.ster.
1832. R. D. Hampden.
1833. F. Nolan.
1834. None.
1835. None.
1.536. C. A. Ogilvie.
1837. T. S. L. A-ojran.
1.S3S. II. A.Woodg.ate.
1839. W.D.Convlieare.
1840. E. Il.awkins.
1841. Not prearhed.
1842. J. Garliett.
1843. A.Grant.
1844. W. J. Jelf.
1846. C. A. Heurtley.
1846. A. Short.
1847. W. H. Shirley.
1848. E. G. Marsh.
1849. R. Mirhell.
1850. E. M.Goulbum.
1851. H. B. -Wilson.
1852. J. B. Riddle.
notices of them, consult the names of the Lecturers in the
present volume. We append a list, chronologicallj' arranged.
17S0. J. Bandinell.
1781. T. Neve.
1782. R. Holmes.
1783. J. Cobb.
1784. J. White.
1785. R. Churton.
1786. G. Croft.
1787. W. Hawkins.
1788. R. Shepherd.
1789. E. Tatham.
1790. II. Kett.
1791. R. Morres.
1792. J. Eveleigh.
1793. J. Williamson.
1794. T. Wintle.
1795. D. Veysie.
1796. R. Grav.
1797. Vf. Finch.
1798. C. HaU.
1799. W. Barrow.
ISOO. G. Richards.
1801. G. S. Faber.
1802. G. F. Nott.
1603. J. F.xrrer.
1804. R. Laurence.
Complete sets are rarely to be found : several volumes
being very scarce. A set, 1780-1850, is worth about £40
to £45.
Banastcr, Banastre, or Banestre, Gilbert, a
poet and musician of the 15th century. His only work
e-xtant is The Miracle of St Thomas,"l467 : in "MS. in
Bene't College Library." — RiTSOS.
'■ The Ptxiphcsu'S of BanhUr of Eniiland are not uncommon
among manuscripts." In the Scutch Pt-opJiesie-'!. printed at Edin-
burgh. 1680. Bannister is mentioned as the author of some of them.
* As Berlington's bonks and BitnasU^r teU us.' p. 2. Again, ' Beid
hath brieved in his tiook, and Banesler also,' p. 18. He seems to be
confounded witti William Banister, a writer of the reign of Edward
the Third." — KTiWo/rs lli&lory cf English Poetry.
Baucks, J. Miscell. Works, Lon., 1738-39.
Baiicks, Robt. Mathemat. Con. to Nic. Jour., 180S.
Bancroft, A. Hist, of C. Weutworth, Esq., Lon., 1770.
Bancroft, Aaron, D.D., 1755-1S39. for more th.an
half a century minister of a Congregatiou.al (Unitarian)
church at Worcester, Mass. Life of George Washington,
1807. Pub. in London, by Stockdale, in 1808.
Several editions of this work have been published.
Bancroft, E. N., M.D., son of the following, was a
military physician, and author of two publications, both
in 1808, respecting the Medical Department of Armies.
He warmly opposed the opinions of Drs. McGregor and
Jackson on this subject. He also pub. an Essay on the
Yellow Fever, 1811, and a Sequel thereto in 1817.
Bancroft, Edward, M.D., d. 1821, was noted for his
extensive knowledge of science in general. He was inti-
mate with Drs. Franklin, Priestley, and other philosophers
of the day. An Essay on the Natural History of Guiana,
Lon., 1769.
" Besides natural history, this work may be consulted with ad-
vantage on the manners, itc. of the natives."
" W'ritten in a very unaffected mannei-. and containing a groat
deal of information which was new at the time."
Experimental Researches concerning the Philosophy of
Permanent Colours, Lon., 1794. The same arranged, with
large additions, Lon., 1813, 2 vols.
"The most scientific work on the subject."
Bancroft, George. Trans, of the Answer of the
Preacher's at Basle respecting the Administration of the
Lord's Supper, 154.S-49, Svo.
Bancroft, George, b. 1800, in Worcester, Mass., is a
son of the Rev. Aaron Bancroft, D.D., author of a Life of
Washington. (See ante.) He entered Harv,ard College at
the early age of 13, and graduated with the second honours
of his class in 1817. In 181 S he visited Germany, where
he prosecuted his studies under the eminent scholars Heeren
and Schlosser. His original destination was the pulpit, and
he preached several discourses, which produced a favourable
opinion of his talents in this department; Imt a love of lite-
rature proved the stronger attachment. Fur a short period
he held the post of Greek Tutor in Harvard College. His
first publication was a volume of Poems, (1823,) followed in
the next year by a translation of Heeren's Reflections on the
Politics of Ancient Greece. Shortly before this, in conjunc-
tion with Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell, (now superintendent of
the Astor Library,) ho opened the Round Hill School at
Northampton, and in the intervals of instruction he occu-
pied himself in supervising and publishing a translation of
Heeren's Histories of the States of Antiquity and of the Po-
litical System of Europe and its Colonies from the Discovery
of America to the Successful Termination of the Struggle for
Freedom of the British Colonies. Mr. Bancroft now turned
110
his attention to politics, in which field he displayed consi-
derable ability. In January, 1838, he was appointed, by
President Van Buren, Collector of the Port of Boston, and
discharged the duties of this office with great fidelity for
three years. In 1844 he was the candidate of the Demo-
cratic party for the ofHce of Governor of the State of Massa-
chusetts, and received a large vote, though not elected.
In 1845, Mr. Bancroft was appointed .Secretary of the Navy,
and proved a most useful public officer: he suggested many
reforms, established the Nautical School at Annapolis, and
improved the Astronomical Observatory at Washington.
In 184B, he w,as appointed minister-plenipotentiary to Great
Britain, and resided in London until 1849, receiving those
gratifying testimonials of esteem and respect which mere
official position is unable to command. On his return to
America he adopted the city of New York as his residence.
Some of his orations have been published ; and he is the
author of several articles in the North American and
Boston Quarterly Reviews. He printed a Fourth-of-July
Or.ation in 1826, delivered at the request of the town of
Northampton; and, in 1836, an oration delivered at Spring-
field was published, and went through several editions.
As an author, Mr. Bancroft is best known by his His-
tory of the United States, the first part of which, embrac-
ing the History of the Colonization of the United States,
is comprised in three volumes : 1st, pub. 1834; 2d, 1837;
3d, 1840. Vol. iv., being vol. i. of the History of the
Revolution, was pub. in 1852, and vol. v. in 1853. The
first portion of this work contains an account of the set-
tlement of the 13 original states, the Spanish settlements
in Florida, the French discovery, and colonization of Mi-
chig.an and Wisconsin ; the discovery of the Mississippi,
the colonization of Illinois and Indiana, of Mississippi
and Louisiana, and the attempts at colonizing Texas by
La Salle. The topics
" Most interesting to the people of the great Valley of the Mis-
sissippi, are deline^ated more fully than in any American work,
and from original sources; the work is richly illustrated by maps,
sketches, and engravings, particularly by heads uf f he Winthrops,
of Smith, of William I'enn. and Franklin; facsimiles of the maps
of the A'alley of the Mississippi, and of L.ake Superior, with
sketches illustrating Indian life and appearance."
"The History of the United States is a work of great research,
and. while tiie author states his own opinions decidedly and
strongly, it is pervaded by a fair and just spirit. The style is
vigorous, clear, and frank,— not often rising into eloquence, but
frequently picturesque, and always free from imitation and from
pedantry : it is, in fact, what it professes to be,— a national work,
—and is worthy of its great theme."— A'ni'^/iCs Eng. Cyc.
So great has been the demand for this work, that the
15th edition of the first 3 vols, was published in 1853. ^
We quote some notices of the History of the Coloniza-
tion of the United States, comprising vols, i., ii., and iii.
The commendation of the author's distinguished friend
and qiiuiulrjm tutor. Professor Heeren, must have been
very gratifying to Mr. Bancroft :
" We know few modern historic works in which the author has
reached so high an elevation at once as an historical inquirer and
an historical writer. The great con,scicntiousness with which he
refers to his authorities, and his careful criticism, give the most
decisive proofs of his comprehensive studies. He has founded his
narrative on contemporary docimients, yet without neglecting
works of later times, and of other countries. His narrative is
everywhere worthy of the suV-ject. The reader is always instructed,
ofteii more deeply interested than by novels or romances. The
love of country is the muse which inspires the author; but this
inspiration is that of the severe historian, which springs from the
he.art." — Prof. Heerkn.
The value of this opinion is well known to the student
of history. Edward Everett justly remarks that
" Few writers have better succeeded than Mr. Ileeren in treat-
ing questions of antiquity with the spirit of modern philosophical
criticism. He is a prudent mediator between the bold specula-
tions of some of his countrymen, and the credulous learning of
the last century. . . . Mr. Heeren holds a place in the front rank
of the professors at Gottingen. is one of the most esteemed Ger-
man writers of the present d.ay. is a correspondent of the National
Institute of France, and worthy of the f;ime which he enjoys at
home and abroad." — ^'orth American Itericw.
Lniidari a riro laiidntn Mr. Bancroft must feel to be a
sufficient reward for his arduous labours.
Frederick Von Raumer does not scruple to say that
"Bancroft, Prescott. and Sparks have elTected so much in his-
torical composition, that no living European historian can take
precedence of them, but rather might feel proud and grateful to
be admitted as a companion."
As we have quoted Mr. Everett, this seems to be a
proper place for a short extract from this distinguished
scholar's review of Mr. Bancroft's 1st volume:
"A History of the United States, by an American writer, pes.
sesses a claim upon our attention of the strongest chai-acter. It
would do so under any circumstances; but when we add that the
work of Mr. Bancroft 'is one of the ablest of the class which has
for vears appeared in the English language; that it compares ad-
vantageously with the standard British historians; that as far as
BAN
BAN
it goes, it does su<-h justice to its noble subject as to supersede
the necessity of any future work of tlie same kind: and if com-
pleted as commenced, will unquestional.ly forever be regarded
both as an Amerkan and as an English classic, our readers would
justly tbink us unpardonable if we failed to offer our humble tri-
bute to its merit."— iV. Amfricau Ji>vieiv, si. 99.
On another occasion Mr. Everett remarks:
•• This noble theme has been treated with a beauty and a pr>wer
by out' whom I need not name in this presence, ithe historian of
the United States.) which, without impairing tht-ir authenticity,
have converted the several pages of our history into a magniticent
Odyssey of national adventure." — Everett's Lecture im the IHscovery
of America.
The 3d volume was reviewed by a brother historian, W.
H. Prescott:
" In closiuf; our remarks we must confess our satisfaction, that
the favoui-able notice we took of Mr. Bancroft's labours, on his first
appearanct;. has been fully ratitifd by his countrymen, and that
his Colonial History establishes his title to a place among the
great historical writers of the age. The reader will find the pages
of thi- prt-sent volume tilled with matter not less interesting and
uupoitant than the preceding. lie will meet with the same bril-
liant and daring style, the same picturesque sketches of character
and imident. the sjime acute reasoning, and compass of erudition."
— A. Amertray} Etricio, m. 75.
The Edinburgh Review, in concluding a notice of the
3 vols., (9th edition, Boston. 1S41.) remarks :
" We cannot take leave of this work without again enforcing
upon the mind of the Knglish reader the necessity of perusing it
with a catholic spirit. All that is of chief importance in it is en-
titled to his esteem. The real liberality. — the general Ciirness. —
the labour and conscientious research it evinces. — deserve, and we
are assured will receive, his warmest approbation. There are some
peculiarities, however, of style, — some modes of expression. —
some habits of thought, which are novel; and may. perhaps, not
prove entirely grateful to our cisatlantic taste. But Mr. Bancroft's
is an American, not an English, production, and must be judged
by a reference to American feelings. We treat a German or a
French work after this fashion, — and this one. although written
in our language, is not subject to our conventional criticism." —
Vol. Ixxxv. 116.
The democratic animus, thus hinted at. has not been un-
noticed at home. Dr. Griswold, while highly commend-
ing the History as a whole, observes:
" Entering deeply into the spirit of the times, he becomes insen-
sibly the advocate of the cause of freedom, which invalidates his
testimony. He suffers too much 'his passion to instruct his rea-
son.' He is more mastered by his subject than himself master of
it. Liberty with him is not the result of an analytical process,
but the basis of his work, and he builds upon it synthetically."' —
I'rose M'rit'rs oj Anierua. Itli ed.. 1.S62. 4*J5. (Notice of vols, i.-iii.
See also, to the same effect, N. Amer. Rev., Ixxxiv. 426,
(by Rev. G. E. Ellis.) The London Monthly Review speaks
with enthusiasm both of the author and his theme ;
"Mr. Bancroft, who is an American himself, possesses the best
qualities of an historian. His diligent research, his earnest yet
tolerant spirit, and the sustained accumcy and dignity of his style,
have been nobly brought to bear upon one of the grandest sub-
jects that ever engaged the study of the philosopher, the legislator,
or the historian. There can l:>e no doubt of his being posses.sedof
the bi-.'hest re^itiisites of an historian."
AVliilst there are many on this side of the Atlantic who
would not feel disposed to endorse withont reservation the
following iui2}rimatur, the literary competency of the his-
torian will be questioned by few:
" Bancroft is the acknowledged historian of the United States.
To him has been awarded by universal consent the task of making
the record of our nation's life, with a confidence in his ripe sch"lar-
ship. extensive historical knowledge, just discriminatir-n, and the
purity of his style, that has in no respect been disappointed. His
work is. and must be. the standard history of the country, and as
such should re-ach every family, and be studied by every person
who would be acquainted with the events of our past existence.''
We have stated that vol. 4th, being vol. Ist of the His-
tory of the American Revolution, was published in lSo2.
It comprises a period of 16 years, from 1748 to ITG.'i, and
is styled The American Revolution ; Epoch First, the
Overthrow of the European Colonial System. For the pre-
paration of this volume Mr. Bancroft had a large stock of
valuable materials never before used —
" Particularly the original, unpublished Journal of the Com-
mittee of Correspondence of Massachusetts; letters from public
committees, from places as far south as Savannah, most of them
unpublished, and never read by any writer of American history;
and letters from almost every town and village in Massachusetts,
from very many in Maine, Xew Hampshire. Rhode Island, and Con-
necticut; unpublished letters, giving the history of the periods
from 1765 to 1776. from Samuel .\danis, Benjamin Franklin, as
agent for Massachusetts, John .\dams, Kichard Henry Lee. Arthur
Lee. William Lee. Christopher Gadsden; from Charles Thompson.
Dickinson, and many others: a large file of most valuable letters
from Joseph Warren; beside letters from William Prescott. Josiah
Quincy. Jr.. John Hancock, Gerry, Hawley, Dr. Cooper, and other
leading characters in New England."
From such materials and so skilful an architect, much
was expected, and expectation was not disappointed.
"It commences with a preliminary survey of the events that
had prepared the inhabitants of the American Continent for the
brilliant destiny that was to open before them, and is continued
through a period of fifteen momentous years, embracing the seven
years' war, the expulsion of the French fi-om Canada, aud the first
contests of the people with their governors in the attempt of the
latter to subvert their liberties. It describes minutely the pro-
gress of each event that tended toward the general result, — now
sketching with a vigorous hand the reckless management of the
' Board of Tradii.' in their endeavours for the enforcement of arbi-
trary power; then again, holding up to our admiring view the
great Pitt, with his masterly genius stemming the storm which
was almost ready to break over Europe, and raising bis country
to the highest pinnacle of greatness by his consummate states-
manship. The work is full of such artistic groupings, and rises
at times to the highest point of eloquence. But yet it is not iini-
forra. and sometimes sinks almost to mediocrity. In fact, we have
seldom read a more uneven book, — some of its chapters, by their
extreme terseness of style, rendering you weary, and others car-
rying you along with resistless interest. "-^iVorfOH'.t A'. 1'. Lit.G"2dte.
Vol. 5th appeared in 1S53. It comprises a period of
three years, 1763-1766. and gives a history of the causea
of dispute between Great Britain and her American Colo-
nies. The enforcement of the Navigation Act, the pai^sage
of the Stamp Act. the Pontiae War, the Rockingham
Ministry, the temper with which the Stamp Act ^7as re-
ceived in the Colonies, and its bold rejection by the first
American Congress, the advocacy of the Colonial cause on
the floor of Parliament by the first man in England — the
great Pitt— the Repeal of the Stamp Act, and the other
exciting events of this period are drawn by the hand of a
master.
''The further this work proceeds, the more do we feel that it
must take its place as an essentially satisfactorj' History of the
United States." — Lond/m Alhenfrum.
"We quote some more notices of Mr. Bancroft's History,
as a whole :
"Aside from its artistic excellence, its remarkable unity, bril-
ILant narrative, and vivid description, the whole work is full of
facts that can be found nowhere else; for no one has had at com-
mand richer or more costly materials, or has brought to them
greater ability or more persevering industry."
"There are more graceful narrators than Bancroft. There may
be annalists more searching and profound — though we can scarcely
name Ihcni— but for union of history and philosophy, the actual
and the idral. in a continuous synthetic composition, he certitinly
bearsaway Ibejtalm. . . . Mr. Bancroft's narrative is distinguished
for its freedom from vagueness, and its exact nicety of description.
In the sphere of facts, he deals in no unmeaning generalities.
Whether delineating character or natural scenei-y, his epithets are
choice, short-cut, and of expressive fidelity. He never falls intu
the error, so common with inferior writers, of losing all distinctr
ness of statement in a cloud of general assertions. lie is always
specific in his detail, instead of trusting to indefinite sketches. He
does not paint in uncertain colours the localities which he wishes
to illustrate, but presents their natural features in prominent re-
lied"—Geo. Ripley.
"At once a philosopher, a poet, a statesman, and an assiduous
student, it is not surprising that he has produced a monument of
genius and toil which embodies the highest attributes of the in-
tellect, and will challenge the admiration of ages." — i\'eiv York
Quarterly lieviiw.
" Among the historians who have attained a hijh and deserved
reputation in the United States, within the last few years, we are
inclined to yield the first place to <ieorge Bancroft.
" His expl-*rience in political and diplomatic life, no less than his
rare and generous culture, and his singular union of the highest
mental faculties, enable us to predict with conlidence that his
work will be reckoned among the genuine masterpieces of historical
genius." — Westminster Review.
Vol. vi., pub. 1854, comprises the history of eight years,
— 1766-74, — bringing us down to the very verge of the Re-
volution. It has received the high commendation of being
"in no respect inferior to its predecessors." InlS58 appeared
revised eds. of vols. i. and ii., and in the same year wi\s pub.
vol. vii., — being vol. i. of the American Revolution.
"This volume, while it forms the Continuation of the History as
already published, is the first of four volumes embracing the period
of the American Revolution. — from the Blockade of Boston to the
Treaty of Peace at Paris, in 1782,— and contains (in a grmt (It-yree
from manuscript and unpublished sources) the history >)i the nation
during the first portion of this eventful period. — including the
blockade of Boston Harbor, the general organization of the country,
the alteration of the Charter of Massachusetts, the resistance of the
people of aiassachuaetts, the spirit of the South, the Congress of
1774, the progress of measures in England, France, and elsewhere,
the battles of Lexington and Concord, the siege of Boston, the
Congress of 1775, the choice of Washington as commander-in-chief,
the battle of Bunker Hill, &c."
" Having thus recognized the claims of the work in general
terms, we may be allowed a critical word or two. In the fir-si place,
then, the absence of references, notwithstanding the author's ex-
planation, is a great defect. We have heard much of the original
and unedited historic material in his possession, but fail to trace
any striking evidence thereof in the text. The ground over which
heleads us is familiar and endeared : Marshall and Sparks. Ramsay
aud Gordon, Botta, Everett, and Frothingham, Irving, Lossing,
and others, have been our guides in the eame series of events ; and
we find little that is novel in the facts narrated by Mr. Bancroft,
The prominence given to Samuel Adams, the details of public
opinion and sentiment on both sides of the Atlantic, the sketches
of European character, and many generalizations, philosophic and
political, are the chief features of freshness; and these do not always
add to the effect. Many of the longest quotations, though apt and
illustrative, are household words to us all. — such as Lord Chatham's
famous speech, Burke's description uf tho whale-fishery, Logan's
BAN
BAN
aboriginal iloqnence, and Patrick Henry's appeal." — 11. T. Ticker-
man. (Keview of vol. vii., 1858.)
'* In spite of all its partiality and all its Bhort-cominga, Mr. Ban-
croft's wurk is a remarkable contribution to the history of that
Rreat and memorable revolution. Possibly, had be been leas
national he would have been less in earnest; and it is good to have
an opportunity of seeing from all points of view." — Lon. Crilic.
(Keview of vol. vii.)
'•The opinion which we have more than once expressed upon
the style of Mr. Bancroft's History applies with full force to the
volume before us. It is exceedingly picturesque and bright and
processional, yet scarcely equal to the vigour of debate or the storm
of revolutionary battle. We have only glimpses of the men of the
Revolution, and are left to a good deal of surmise as to the secrt-ts
of the time. We miss the authoritative notes that lighted up the
text of the earlier volumes, and cainiot but. on the whole, express
our regret that the author has not bad such complete access to
papers as would have given fulness and certainty to this without
doubt the only American National History." — ton. Atheii., June
12,1858. (Review of vol. vii.)
" Mr. Bancroft, who was Ambassador to London in 1846-49, had
thcGovernment archives of Plngland and France freely thrown open
to him for the purposes of this hii^tiiry wliile thus engaged, find also
was allowed free access to the pri\at'' p;ipers of the noble and
political families in both countiits «iiMsr ancestors had been
mixed up in our contest. Well and widely has he used them.
We had occasion, when his sixth volume appeared, to go over it
as critically as we could ; and it is to the credit of his accuracy that
wo were able to discover only a single inacruvacy. That was where
he committed tautology, by speaking of ' the comity of YorksTfiVe.'
Let us hope that tlie continuation of this national work will be
pushed forward with some rapidity. Nearly four years have elapsed
between the appearance of the two last volumes. Mr. Bancroft
describes battles as well as Sir William Napier, who fought them."
— Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie.
Mr. B. pub. an Abridg. of his Hist, of the Colonization
of the U. States. 2 vols. 16mo, out of print, and not repub-
lished. In 1855, a vol. of his Miscellanies was pub., N.
York. 8vo, and has passed through several edits.
Bancrol't, John. Sertorius ; a Tragedy, Lon., 1679.
Bancroft, Richard, 154-1-1610, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, was a native of Farmswurth in Lancashire. He
look the degree of B.A. at Christ's College, Cambridge, in
1567, and then removed to Jesus College. He was in fa-
vour with Queen Elizabeth, whom he" attended in her last
illness. She nominated him to the see of London, and
King James in 1604, promoted him to the Archbishopric
of Canterbury. He was a zealous opponent of the Puri-
tans, and Clarendon thinks that had his life been prolonged,
he would have succeeded in destroying that formidable
power which after his death swallowed up both the Church
and the Monarchy. On the 12th of January, 1588, he
preached a sermon at St. Paul's Cross, in which he handled
the Puritans with great severity. See Hickes's Biblio-
theca Script. Eccles. Anglicauie.
In 1593 he published, 1. Dangerous Positions and Pro-
ceedings published and practised within this Island of
Britain, under pretence of Refi>rmation and of the Presby-
terian Discipline. 2. A Survey of the pretended Holy
Discipline. These works
" Were liked and greatly commended by the learnedest men in
the realm." — Whitgift.
Archbishop Bancroft was
"A jH'isnii '•rsiii-ul.ir(iiuia'_''-and iMiid.-nce in all matters relate
iug I', till- iliM-iphiH> and rst.iblishiiK-nt ••i the Church."— Camden.
BaiUToft, Thomas, h. probably about 1600, waa
educated at Catherine Hull, Cambridge. Two Bookes of
Epigrammes and Epitaths. Dedicated to two top branches
of Gentry: Sir Charles Shirley, Baronet, and William
Davenport, Esq., London : printed by J. Okes, for Matthew
Walbancke, and are to be sold at his shop in Grayes-Inne-
gate, 16;?9. This very rare volume contains 481 "Epi-
grammes and Epitaths." Priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £20.
In the first Bonk occur two " Epigrammes" on Shakspeare :
*' Shooke thy Speare," seems to allude to his Crest, which
was a Fnlcou supporting a Spear.
Bancroft was a contributor tn Lachrymoe Musarum,
1650, in which his poem is thus inscribed:
'■To the never-dving Memory of the nnble Lord Hastings. &c.,
f lie nieAnest son of the Muses consecrates this Elegie." — Bib. AngJ/t-
BieHc'i.
See Dyce's account of James Shirley, the dramatist,
for his lines to that author.
Glutton's Feavers. This was reprinted for the members
cf the Ilo.xburghe Club, by J. D. Phelps, Esq. In the
Restituta, vol. ii. p. 490-96, will he found 19 Epigrams
from Bancroft's first work.
Heroical Lover, Lon., 1653. Sold in the Reed Sale for
£1 10«. 6f/.
Bancroft, Thomas. ProlusionesPocticae, Lon. ,1788.
Bandinel, Kev. Bulkelcy. For many years he has
ha<l tlie jirinciiial caro of the Bodleian Lib., O.xford. Dug-
dale's Monasticon Anglicanum, to be completed in 4 vols:
Parts 1 and 2, 1813, fol, A Catalogue of Books relating to
112
British Topography and Saxon and North. Lit., bequeathed
to 'tutj Bodleian Library by Richard Gough, Esq., 1814,
4to.
"The most complete catalogue of Englieh Tr)pography extant."
Bandinel, J, Lufra; a Poem, 12mo. Milton Dave-
nant, 3vols. p. Svo. Sermons, Devotional and Practical,
12mo. Treatise on Slavery. 1842. r. 8vo.
Bandinell, James. Eight Sermons preached be-
fore the University of Oxford, in 1780, Lon., 1780, on the
Doctrines of Christianity.
" These discourses manifest considerable abilities in their author.
Their style and language are generally easy, accurate, aud expres-
sive. They discover sense and ingenuity, learning and criticism.
The subjects of them are chielly the truth of Christianity, and its
peculiar doctrines." — Monthly Jieview, 17S1.
Bantill, S. A letter to D. Giddy, M.P., 1811.
Bangs, Nathan, D.D., b. 1778, at Stratford, Fairfield
CO., Connecticut, entered the ministry of the Methodist
Episcopal Church in 1801. 1. The Errors of Hopkinsian-
ism. 2. Predestination Examined. 3. Reformer Reformed.
4. Life of the Rev. Freeborn Garrettson. 5. History of Mis-
sions. 6. An Original Church of Christ. 7. Hist, of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, 4 vols. 12mo. 8. Emancipa-
tion. 9. State Prospects and Responsibilities of the M. E.
Church. 10. Letters on Sanctification. 11. Lifeof Arminius.
Dr. Bangs has contributed largely to the periodical litera-
ture of his Church. By appointment of the Gen. Conference
he assumed the duties of editorship of the Christian Ad-
vocate aud Journal, and the oversight of all the books issued
from the Church establishment. As editor of the Quarterly
Review and of the Methodist Book Concern, he has been
widely useful to the ecclesiastical connexion of which he is
a member.
Banim, John, is the author of a number of highly
popular novels. The Tales of the O'Hara Family, 1st and
2d scries, 1825-26, excited a very strung interest in the pub-
lie mind.
" He appears to know the affairs of his native land thoroughly,
and to have entered into all its circles." — Lnndon LiU-rary G-izdte.
Croppy; a Tale of 1798, pub. in 1828. This work is
distinguished by Mr. Banim's graphic powers of descrip-
tion. Anglo-Irish of the 19th Century, 1828. The De-
nounced, 1830. Father Connell. 1842, 12rao ; 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"An excellent specimen of the O'llara ware. . . . Good Father
Connell ought to be a welcome guest in Protestant as well as in
Catholic houses." — Lon. Atlien.
Bit o' Writin, 3 vols. p. Svo. Boyne Water, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Crohoore of Bill-hook, 12mo. Ghost-Hun ter and his Family,
12rao. John Doe, 12mo. Mayorof Wind-Gap, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Nowlans, 12mo. Smuggler. 12mo; new ed., 1857. He was
the author of the celebrated tragedy of Damon and Pythias.
See Life, with Extracts from his Correspondence by Patrick
John Murray, 12mo, 1857.
"The Ghost Hunter and his Family, and the Mayor of Wind-
Gap, and several other works, are proofs of Mr. Banim's remarkable
talent of elicit ing the interest and sympathies of his reader. Fault
has been f iund with him on the ground that there is throughout
the whole of his writings a sort of overstrained excitement, a wil-
ful dwelling upon turbulent and uui-hastened passions, which, as
it is a vice most incident to the workings of veaX genius, more
especially of Irish genius, so perhaps it is one which meets with least
mercy from well-behaved, prosaic people." — We-Uminster Review.
Banister, A. A Model for a School, by A. B.
Banister, James. Arts and Sciences, Lon., 1785.
Banister, John, a physician, studied at Oxford; he
took the degree of bachelor in 1573. 1. A Needful. New,
and Necessary Treatise of Chirurgery, Lon., 1575. 2. The
Historic of Man. sucked from the Sappe of the most ap-
proved Anatomist, Ac, Lon., 1578. Ho pub. several other
professional works.
Banister, John, and Thos. Low, New Ayres, Ac,
Lon., 1678.
Banister, John, an eminent botanist, born in Eng-
land, settled in Virginia, where he was killed by a fall
from the rocks whilst on a botanical excursion. His death
cut short a work on which he was engaged — The Natural
History of Virginia. " His herbarium came into the pos-
session of Sir Hans Sloane. who thought it a valuable
acquisition." He contributed botanical papers to Phil.
Trans., 16t».3, 1700; and a Catalogue of Plants, observed
by him in Virginia, will be found in Ray's Historia Planta-
rum, 1704. Ray speaks of him as very eminent in his de-
partment. Dr. Houston named a plant Bamstcria, after
him. ami Lawson remarks,
Banister, John. A Synopsis of Husbandry, Lon. ,1709.
Banister, Richard. A Treatise of 133 Diseases of
the Eyes and Eyelids. Lon., 1622 ; Tr. from Guillemeau.
"In my treatise of the Kyes. I have named the best oculists
that have been in this land for tifty or sixty years, who were no gra-
duates either in Cambridge or Oxon." — Extract frt/m above worlc.
BAN
Ilankes, Henry, b. about 1757, J. 1835, was a grcat-
preat-grandson of Sir John Bankos, Lord Chief Justice
of the Common Pleas in the reigu of Charles I. He was
educated at Westuiinsler, and Trinity College, Cambridge.
He became M.P., 1780, and was an acting and useful Trus-
tee of the British Museum. In 181S ho jiub. The Civil
and Constitutional History of Rome, from the foundation
to the Age of Augustus. This work met with but little
favour from the Quarterly Keview. See Early History
of Rome, vol. xxvii. 273: but audi alteram jiartcm :
" Mr. I!;iukes, by his History, has undoulitedly rendered a service
to the litenture of his rountry. and conferred uiateri.-d nl,li:ration
on the (pliilnMijiiieraiid the scholar. This work is wi it ten in a spirit
of ini|uiry ;nid .■xaminatinn, which throws much IIliIiI "U sii( jects
that have liiHiertii been tfieatly neglected."— ioa. MniiUdi/ Jiiriew.
Bankcs, Sir John, of Queen's Coll., O.\ford, Lord
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Charles I.
A table of his Reports will be found in the Hargrave MSS.,
No. 523.
" Bankes. the attorney, hath been commended that he exceeds
Bacon in eloquence. Chancellor EUesmere in jud'jjment, and Wil-
liam Noy in Law.'* — LeW;}- of Loril Sfr"(fnrtl.
Bankes, tawr. Safe-Guard of the Soul, Lon., 1019.
Bankes, Thos. Concio ad Clerum Cantabrigia; Ha-
bits in Que. v. s., Lon., 1611.
Bankes, W. H. A llelirow-Eng. Lexicon, Lon., 1S12.
Banks. Religion .and Reason Adjusted, ic. Lon., 1 696.
Banks, Sir Jacob. Argument iu the Ca.so of Ship
Money.
Banks, John, a dramatic writer, was bred .an attor-
ney-at-law, .and at one time was .a member of New Inn.
His pieces were very popular, and several of them main-
tained possession of the stage for a long time. Rival
Kings, Lond., 1677. Destruction of Troy, 1679. Virtue
Betrayed, 16S2. Island Queens, 16S1. ljnhap])y Favour-
ite, or the Earl of Essci:, 16S2. Innocent Usurper, 1691.
Cyrus the Great, 1B96. A notice of his writings will bo
found in the Biog. Dramat., where his power of interesting
the feelings is dwelt upon at length.
*• Mr. Banks's writings have in the general drawn more tears from,
and excited more terror in. even judi 'ious audiences, than these
of much more correct and more frulv poetical authors.''
" Yesterday we were entertained with the tragedy of the Earl of
Esses, in which there is not one good line, [perhaps too severe!]
and yet a play which v/rs never seen without drawing tears
from some part of the audience." — Sib Richard t^Tf.ELE: Tatkr.
No. 14.
" His style gives .alternate specimens of vulgar meanness and
of bombast. But even his dialogue is not destitute of occasional
nature and pathos; and tlio value of his works as acting plays is
very considerable." — Kmijht's Eng. Ci/c.
Banks, John, 1709-1751, was born at Sunning, in
Berkshire. He wrote a number of poems, &c. for periodi-
cals, pub. for a time The Weaver's Miscellany, an<l assisted
in a Life of Christ. He pub. a Critical Review of the Life
of Oliver Cromwell, which has been frequently reprinted.
He was encouraged in his poetical efforts by Pope's sub-
scribing for two copies of his book.
'' A pleasing and acceptable companion, and a modest and unas-
suming man. free from every inclination to indulge in contests, or
indulge envy or miilevolence." — Cn'ilwr't; Lives.
Banks, John. Treatise on Mills, etc., 1795-1S12.
Banks, Jona. Educational works, Ac, Lon. ,1679-1721.
Banks, Sir Joseph, 1743-1820. This distinguished
naturalist was born, .according to some accounts, at Reves-
by Abbey, in Lincolnshire, the country-seat of his fa-
ther, William Banks, Esq. Others judge, from the register
of his baptism, that he was born in Argyle street, London.
In 1760 he entered a gentleman commoner at Christ
Church, O.\ford. After a voyage to Labrador and New-
foundland, in 176S, bo .sailed in the Endeavour with Cap-
tain Cook on his first circumnavigation of the world. In
this expedition he was accompanied by Dr. Solander, a
naturalist of great acquirements. A Short Account of the
Causes of the Diseases in Corn, called by Farmers the
Mildew and the Rust, Lon., 1803. Circumstances Relative
to Merino Sheep, chiefly collected from the Spanish Shep-
herds, Lon., 1809. Contributions to Pennant's Tour in
Scotland, (Account of StafTa;) to ArchieoL, 1796 ; to Trans.
Hortic. Society, 1815 ; and to Nic. Jour., 1804. Sir Joseph
was President of the Royal Society from the year 1777 to
the time of his decease in 1820.
•■ Never perhaps has the chair been filled with more honour to
the individual, or more advantage to the interest of science. Uis
time, bis wealth, his iuttnence, his talents, an incomparable libr.v
ry of science and .^rt ; knowledge and judgment to advise ; affabi-
lity to conciliate and encour.age: generosity to assist; all. in short,
of which he po.s.sessed. and it was all something either goodness or
greatness, he made the patrimony of the studious and learned, not
of his own country, bu toft he whole world." — Lo7i. Gent. M<}f/.,1S20.
Sir Joseph left his books and botanical collection to the
British Museum.
BAN
Catalogus Bibliotheca; historico naturalis .Joscphi Banks,
Baroneti, &c., Auctore Jona. Dryandcr, Londini, 1798-
1800, 5 vols.
" An e.xcellent and admiralrle arranged catalogue, certjiinly the
most comprehensive of the kind ever published. It contains a
collection of all the articles in the library, and is illustrated with
much curious and inipoi-t.ant information."
£5 to £6 have been paid for this catalogue at public sales.
Banks, P. W. Railways of Europe and America, Ac.
Remarks and Suggestions concerning the Trial of Contro-
verted Elections, or Returns of Members to serve iu Par-
Ihament, Lon., 1838.
'• This pamphlet adds one more to the numerous proofs already
existing, of how much easier it is to find fault with the wnrk of
others, than to show how things m.ay be done better:— to call the
Kelbrm Bill a piece of most clumsy legislation, than to give any
reasonable and tangible remedy for its defects."
Banks, Robert. Sermon, Ps. cxix. 136, 1700.
Banks, Thomas Christopher, 1760-1854. Dor-
mant .and Extim-tBaron.age of England, from the Norman
Conquest to the Year 1809, Lon., 1807-09, 3 vols. 4to.
" A work of no merit. The greater part of its contents was co-
pied from Dugdale's Baronage: but as many of that writer's most
important st^itements. and all his references to his authorities, ai-e
omitted, it is of infinitely less value. The account of titles created
since Dngdale wrnte. is chietly taken from Collins." — Low,\ijfcS.
Stcmmata Anglicana, Lon., 1825.
" The only valuable portion of tlie work is that entitled Barones
Erjecti. being an account of individuals who appear to have held
the_ rank of Barons, but who aie not noticed by other writers,
which iu many instances esllibitfl proofs of considerable research."
—ll,irl.
See Monthly Review, vol. liv., 1807. Mr. Banks has
pub. several works of a similar character to the above.
Bankton. Lord Andrew McDouall. Institutes
of the Law of Scotland iu Civil Rights, Ac, Edin., 1750.
Bannantiiie, James. Memoirs of Col. Despard,
1799. Other imblieations. 1803-15.
Bannatyne,l)ugald. Ess.ay on P.dit, Economy, 1816.
Bannatyne, George, 1545-1007, was the compiler
of the celebrated MS. Corpus Pneticum Scotoruin, now in
the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. The MS. was for a
long time preserved in the family of Mrs. Foulis, (Banna-
tyno's daughter.) In 1712 it came into the hands of the
Hem. Wm. Carmichael of Stirling, brother to the Earl of
Hyndford. In 1772 it was presented by the then carl to
the Advocates' Library. Allen Ramsey drew the specimens
in his Evergreen from this MS. Sir David Daliymple,
afterwards Lord Hailes, published a selection from it in
1770, 12mo. A reprint, Leeds, 1815, 200 copies on com-
mon paper, and 31 on coloured paper. Of Bannatyne w«
know but little. Sir W.altcr Scott remarks, (Diary,)
'• Wrought upon an introductiou to the notices which h.ave been
recovered of George Bannatyne. . . . They are very jejune, these
same notices: a mere record of matters of business, putting forth
and calling in sums of money, and such like. Yet it is a satisfao-
tion to know that this great bene£ictor to the literature of Scot-
land had a prosperous life, and enjoyed the pleasures of domestic
society, and in a time peculiarly perilous lived uumolestcd, and
died in quiet."
The Memorials of George Bannatyne, 1545-1008, edited
by Sir Walter Scott and D. Laing, Esq., was pub. in 1826 :
it is No. XXXI. of the works issued by the Bannatyne
Club. This club was founded in 1823 by Sir Walter Scott,
and he regularly presided over its meetings, from 1823 to
1831. It consisted originally of only 31 members; but aa
many persons of rank and literary distinction were anx-
ious to become connected with it, in 1828 the number
was increased to 100,
" The Bannatyne Club was a child of his own, and from first to
last he took a most fatherly concern in all its proceedings. His
practic.ll sense dictated a direction of their funds widely different
from what had been adopo .) t.v llie Ibixburghe. Their dub-liooks
already constitute a very roi i-oi- ,iod valuable library of Scottish
history and antiquities : tbeii- exaoqile has been follovved with not
inferior success by the Maithmd Club of Glasgow — which was
soon afterwards instituted on a similar model, and of which, also.
Sir Walter Scott was a zeJilous associate: — and since his death a
third chib of this class, founded at Edinbui-gh in his honour, and
styled the Abbotsford Club, has taken a still wider range; — not
confining their printing to works connected with Scotland, but
admitting all materials th.at can throw light on the ancient histoi-y
or liteniture of any country, anywhere described or discussed by
the author of Waverley." — LockharVs Lif/: of .Scott.
Sir Walter's hope expressed in his Diary — '* I hope the
Bannatyne Club will be really useful and creditable," —
has been amply fulfilled : Q. E. D. by the list of its pub-
lications recorded in "Hume's Learned Societies and Print-
ing Clubs." We have a noble specimen of its press now
before us : — the Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford.
presented to the President and Members by Major Sir
Walter Scott, (December, 1838.) This grand catalogue
was compiled by that able bibliographer, Mr. Cochrane,
of the London Library.
113
BAN
'* In some instances Sir Waltor's MS. notes to the varions books
bave been estnieted. but there are numberless references to his
works where the books have been used or quoted."'
Think of that, thou non-possessor, and weep! Thrice
happy may that man deem himself wlio can " number in
his list" of BiBLioaRAPHY a copy of the Abbotsford
Cataloguk! And here we have it, "sub oculis mani-
busque !"
Bannatyne, Richard, Secretary to John Rnox.
Journal of the Transactions in Scotland during the Con-
test between the Adherents of Queen Mary and those of
her son. in 1570, 71, 72. 73. Edin., 1S06.
Bannatyue, Sir Wm., 1743-1834, an eminent Scot-
tish lawyer, one of the founders of the Highland Society
of Scotland, contributed some pieces, which have been
highly commended, to the Jlirror .ind Lounger.
Banner, Rii-hard. On Symony. Lon., 1716.
Banner, Richard. Music at Worcester; a Sermon,
Banncrman,Anne. Poems, Ed. 1800. Tales, 1802.
Bannister, Rev. James. Translation from Euri-
pides, Lou.. 1780. Pindar. 1791. Other works, 1785-1802.
Bannister, S. Reports of Judgments by Sir Orlando
Bridgman, from M. T., 1060, to T. T., 1667, edited from the
Hargrave IMSS.. Lon., 1823.
Bansley, Charles. A Rhyming Satire on the Prulo
and Vices of Women now-a-d.ays. Black letter, commenc-
ing with
" Bo-peep, what have we spied ?"
This author, unfortunate in having lived in such evil
days, has affixed no date to his ill-natuied Satire against
the ladies. Perhaps he was an unworthy, and, therefore,
justly rejected, suitor, and revenged himself by this
wholesale attack on the sex. This is supposed to have
been written c('?-ca 1540.
Banson, John. A Fast Sermon, Lon., 1730.
Banvard, Rev. Joseph. Illust. of the Life. &c.
of Danl. Webster, N. York, 16mo. Plymouth and the
Pilgrims, 16mo. Novelties of the New World. 16mo.
Romance of American History, 16mo. The Christian
Melodist, l.'^mo.
Banyer, Edward. Sermons, Lon.. 1739-47.
Banyer, Henry, M.D. Profess. Works. Lon., 1717-40.
Banyer, Josiah. Sermon, Heb. xi. 29, 1666.
Barbaiild, Anna Letitia, 1743-1825, was born at
Kibworth. Leicester, whore her father, the Rev. John
Aikin, LL.D., a Dissenting minister, was master of .an ex-
cellent academy. See the memoir of her brother. Dr.
John Aikin. in this T(dinne. She g.ave early indications
of uncommon powers of mind, which were cultivated by
a thorough English and classical education. In 1773 she
was persuaded to pulilish a volume of miscellaneous
poems, which was so well received that four editions were
issued within the year. In the same year her brother and
herself published a volume of Miscellaneous Pieces in
Prose. In 1774 she was married to the Rev. Rochemont
Barbauld, a Dissenting minister, descended from a family
of French Protestants. The newly-married pair opened a
school at the village of Palgrave, and Mrs. Barb.auld's
literary fame, and her devotion to the duties of instruc-
tion, soon secured celebrity and success to the academy.
Her Early Lessons for Children, and Hymns in Prose for
Chihlren, proved useful, not only to her own pupils, but
also to many thousands who have lived to carry out the
excellent principles inculcated by these invaluable ma-
nuals for the young. In 1775 appeared her Devoticjnal
Pieces, composed from the Ps,alms and the Book of Job.
'■ The author of the thouiihts prefixed to these Devotion.al
Pieces hath employed her .able aod masterly pen to show tliat a i
devotional spirit is not Ijene.lth the attention of the most culti-
vated and pbilosophic.ll spirits, or. in the expressive words which
she h.as chosen for the motto of her work, that
Praiseis d^votinnfit for wuilih/ minds.
. . . Before we take our leave'of "this inm-ninus production, the j
author will pardon us if we express a wisii that she would not
suffer herself to bo so enamored of David's harp, as entirely to lay
aside her own charming lyre." — Lon. Monthly Review^ 1785.
In 1785 Mr. and Mrs. Barbauld. finding repose neces-
sary, gave up their school, and visited Switzerl.and and
France, where they remained for nearly a twelvemonth.
In 1790 Mrs. Barbauld published A Poetical Epistle to
Mr. Wilbcrforce, on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolish-
ing the Slave Trade. In 1792 appeared Remarks on Gil-
bert AVakefield's Inquiry into the Expediency and Proprie-
ty of Public and Social Worship.
Evenings at Homo, the joint production of Mrs. Bar-
bauld and her brother, Dr. .John Aikin, was commenced
Lu 1792. and completed in 1795. in 6 vols. In this cxcel-
lynt work Mrs. Barbauld's share was not considerable. It
114
B.\R
is said that not more than one-twelfth of the whole was
contributed by her pen. See more respecting Evenings
at Home in memoir of Dr. John Aikin.
In 1802 Jlr. Barbauld became pastor of a congregation
at Newington-Green, and a resident of the village of
Stoke-Newington. Mrs. Barbauld pub., in 1804, Selec-
tions from the Spectator, Tatler, Guardian, and Free-
holder. In the same year she contributed a Life of Samuel
Richardson to his Correspondence. In 1808 she was
caUed to mourn the death of her husband, who had given
up the e.xercisc of his ministerial duties two years previ-
ously. In 1810 she edited a series of the British Novel-
ists, pub. in 50 vols. The Female Spectator appeared in
1811; anil in the next year was pub. Eighteen Huud.-ed
and Eleven, a Poem of a political character, and any
thing but cheerful in its tone.
This excellent lady lived to the advanced age of 82. An
edition of her works was published in two volumes after
her death, with a memoir of the authoress, by her niece
Lucy, daughter of Dr. John Aikin, herself a writer of
considerable note. Mrs. Barbauld's imitation of Dr.
Johnson, in her Essays on Romance, was thus noticed by
the doctor himself:
i '"The imitators of my style h.ave not hit it. Miss Aikin has
I done it the best; far she h.a5 imitated the sentiments as well as
the diction." — BoswdCs Life of Johnson.
We find another reference by the Doctor to Miss Aikin :
"Too much is expected from precocity, and too little perflirnied.
Miss Aikin was an instance of early cultivation, but iu what did
it terminate ? In marrviuj; a little Preshyterlau parson, who keeps
an intant l)oarding-.school. so tliat all hci- employment now is
' To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer.'
She tells the children, ■ Tliis is a cat. and that is a dog, with four
legs and a tjul : see there ! you are much tietter than a cat or a dog,
for you can speak.' If I had Iwstowed such an education on a
daughter, and had discovered that she thought of marrying such
a fellow. I would have sent her to the Congress.''
Nemo mortaUum omnibus horis mpxt : and this is one of
the many very foolish speeches of a very wise man. Could
the highly-educated young lady have Iicen better eniploycd
than in promoting the mental, moral, and religious im-
provement of those who were in a few years to influence
society so greatly for good or for evil?
" Her earliest pieces, as well as her more recent ones, exhibit in
their im.agery and allusions the fruits of extensive and varied
reading. ^In youth the power of her im.agination was counter-
balanced by the activity of her intellect, which exercised itself in
rapid but not nnprofitable excursions over almost every field of
knowledge. In age. when this activity abated, unagination ap-
peared to exert over her an undiminished sway," — Lucy Aikin.
"To claim for Mrs. Barbauld the praise of purity and elevation
of mind, misht well apjx-ar superfluous. She is decidedly one of
the most eminent fem.ale writers which England has produced:
and both in prose and poetry she takes the highest rank. Her
prose style is easy .and graceful, alike calculated to engage the most
common and the most elevated understanding." — C. B. Cleveland.
Of her songs, Charles James Fox is said to have been a
warm admirer.
" The moral qualities of this admir.able woman reflected lack a
double lustre on her intellectmal endowments. Her principles were
pure and exalted, her sentiments on all occasions mild, candid,
and generous. , , , Iler society was equally a benefit and a de-
light to .all within her sphere. She possessed many and warm
friends, and p.assed through a long life without an enemy,"— ion,
Gent. Maq..K2b. ,.„_
Barber. Book of Psalm Tunes, in four parts, 1687.
Barber, Capt. Military Treati-ses, 1804-05.
Barber, Ed. Treatise of Baptism, Lon., 1641.
Barber, Elizabeth G. See Barber, John W.
Barber, J. T. A Tour throughout South Wales and
Monmouthshire. Ac, with a M.ap and 20 Views. This
work, although chiefly picturesque, describes the manners
of the people.
Barber, Jas. The Navy the Sole Defence of Ihe
Nation ; a Sermon on Ps. cvii. 23. 24. 1735.
Barber, John, of All Sonls'C.dlege. Oxford, graduated
doctor of civil law in 1532. Ho resided witli, and was
greatly esteemed by, Archbishop Cranmer. He contributed
to the compilation of The Necessary Doctrine and Erudi-
tion of a Christian Man.
Barber, John W., born 1798, at Windsor, Conn.
History and Antiquities of New Haven, 12mo, 1831. _ Re-
ligious Events from the Commencement of the Christian
Era, 12mo. 1832. Connecticut Historical Collections, 8vo,
1830; of this work sever.al editions have been issued.
M.assachusetts Historical Collections, 8vo, 1S39. Incidents
in American History, 12mo, 1847. Elements of General
History, 16mo, 1844. Religious Emblems .and Allegories,
12mo, 1848. European Historical Collections, 8vo, 1855.
In connection with H. Howe. New York Historical Collec-
tions, 8vo, 1841. New Jersey Historical Collections, 8vo,
1844. In connection with Elizalietli G. Barber, Historical,
Poetical, and Pictorial American Scenes, 12mo, 1850.
BAR
Barber, Joseph. Six Sermons on Regeneration,
1770. Sermon on the death of the Rev. N. Trottman,
Lou., 1793.
Barber, Mary, 1712 ?-1757, one of Dean Swift's lite-
rary friends, pub. a volume of Poems, 1731, 4to, under the
patronage of Lord Orrery and the Dean.
" Thi?y are moral, aud not im-lefiant."
Barber, Wm. Farm Buildings and Rural Economy,
Lon., 1805, etc. See Don.iMson'e Agricult. Biog.
Barbier, J. The Famous Game of Chesse Play,
Lon., 1672. '
" A tre-itise of no merit." — Lowndes.
Barbier, John. Liturgy, a most divine Service, in
answer to a late pamphlet against it; also twelve Argu-
ments against Bishops are clearly answered. O.ff., 1663.
Barbon, Nicholas. A work on Coining, Lou., 1696.
Barbot, John. A Description of the Coasts of North
and South Guinea, and of Ethiopia Inferior, vulgarly called
Angoha. See Churchill's Voyages, vol. v. p. 1.
Barbonr, Barber, Barbere, or Barbar, John,
Archdeacon of Aberdeen, d. 139(), is one of the earliest
Scottish poets and histori.ans. The date (1316-20-26-30 ?)
and place of his birth are involved in obscurity : both have
excited much controversy: (see the dissertations of Irving,
Pinkerton, Henry, Jamieson, W.arton, Lord Hailes, &c.)
The only production of his extant may be entitled a na-
tional work : it is called The Bruce, and is a metrical
chronicle of the warlike deeds of Robert the First (1306-
1329) in his eflorts for the iudepeudence of his beloved
country. Dr. Henry is of opinion that this work was un-
dertaken at the reque.st of David II., the son and successor
of Barbour's hero; but of this we have no evidence. Bar-
bour appears to have composed another book, most probably
in rhyme, in which a genealogical history of the Kings of
Scotland was set forth, and their origin deduced from the
Trojan Colony of Brutus. To this work, apparently the
same which is quoted by the Prior of Lochleven, linder
the title of the Brute, we find references in Winton's
Chronicle :
" Fra quhara Barhere sutely
Has made a propyr Genealogy,
Tyl Kobert oure secowud kyng,
That Scotland had in governyng.
" Of Bruttus lyneage quha wyll her.
He luk the tretis of Barbere,
Blad in-tyl a Genealogy
Rycht wele, and mare perfytly
Than I can on ony wys
Wytht all my wyt to yowe dewys."
Wnton's Chrmyl-a of Scotland; quoted hy Dr. Irvinq in Encyc
Brit. : see this article.
Editions of The Bruce were pub. in 1616, 1618, 1655,
1670, 1671, 1672, 1737, 1758, Ac, in all, it is said, 20 edi-
tions have been pub. in Scotland since 1616. In 1790 Mr.
Pinkerton pub. an edition in 3 vols.; and in 1820 Dr.
Jamieson pub. one in 2 vols., with a Life of the Author
prefixed. Warton notices Barbour and Henry the iVIinstrel
in these terms :
" Although this work is professedly confined to England yet I
cannot p.^ss over two Scotch poets of this period, who h.iTe adorned
the English langu,age by a strain of versification, e.xpression, and
poetiial imagery &r superior to their age ; and who, consequently,
deserve to be mentioned in a general review of the progress of our
national poetiy."— ifiirtory of English Poetry, vol. ii.
The historian h.ad some claim to include Barbour in his
worthies, as his is one of the eminent names th.at adorn
the proud scroll of Oxford. In 1357 a safe-conduct was
granted by Edward III. of England, by request of David
II. of Scotland, to "John Barber, Archdeacon of Aber-
deen, with three scholars in his company, coming [into
England] in order to study in the University of Oxford,
and perform his scholastic exercises." We nee"d not inform
the scholar conversant with literary history, that it is still
a mooted point what we are to understand by this phrase-
ology : our own opinion is that the safe-eoiiduot of 1357
can bo easily interpreted by the aid of a similar document
of 1364, and the one which refers to France, dated 1368.
But we have no space for the discussion of " mooted points ;"
therefore must hasten on.
"Barbour seems to have been acquainted with those finer springs
ot the human heart which elude vulgar observation: he catches
the shades of character with a delicate eye, and sometimes pre-
sents us with instances of nice discrimination. His work is not
a mere narrative of events ; it contains specimens of that minute
and skilful delineation which marks the hand of a poet "—Dr Ir-
nng's Lives of the Scottish Poets.
IMr. Pinkerton speaks of Barbour in no measured terms
of commendation :
"Perhaps the editor m.ay be accused of nationality, when he
says, that, t.aking the total merits of this work together, he prefers
It to the early exertions of even the Italian muse, to the mekan-
choly subUmity of Dante, and the amorous quaintnessof Petrarca,
BAR
as much as M. Le Grand does n fabliau to a Provencal ditty. Here
indeed the reader will find few of the graces of fine poetry, little
of the attic dress of the muse ; hut here are life and spirit, and
ease and plain sense, and pictures of real manners, and pei-petu.al
incident and entertainment. The language is remarkably good
for the time, and far superior in neatness and elegance even to that
of Gawin Douglass, who wrote more than a century after "—Pre-
face to Barbour.
With regard to the language of The Bruce, it is cer-
tainly " very remark.able that Barbour, who was contem-
porary with Gower and Ch.aucer, is more intelligible to a
modern reader than either of these English poets."
" Our archdeacon was not only famous for his extensive know-
ledge in the philosophy and divinity of those times, but still mora
admired for his admirable genius for English poetry : in which he
composed a history of the life and glorious actions of Kobert Bruce. . .
A work not only remarkable for a copious circumstantial detail of
the exploits of that illustrious prince, and his liivave companions
in arms, Randolff, Earl of Moray, and the Lord James Douglass
but also for the beauty of its style, which is not inferior to that
of his contemporary, Cha.ueer."— Henry's History of Great Britain :
Mackenzie's Lives.
Dr. Nott, also, speaks of the resemblance to Cliaucer:
" He had given to his countrymen a fine example of the simple
energetic style, which resembled Chaucer's best manner, and
wanted little to make it the genuine language of poetry."— i'Jss
OK tlu! State of English Retry, <S:c.
But Mr. Spalding does not set quite so high an estimate
on the Archdeacon's poetry :
" If we were \a compare it with the contemponary poetry of Eng-
land, its pl.-ice would be very high ; Chaucer being set aside as
unapproachable. Barbour must be pronounced much superior to
Gower. and still more so to the anonymous writers of the very
best of the metrical romances."— i/(s(orj( of English Litrratwe.
" Sir Walter Scott, whose ' Lord of the Isles' owes much to ' The
Bruce,' and might profitably be compared with it. has not forgot-
ten one of the finest of those passages in which we are told how
the king, pursued by a superior force, ordered his band to turn
and fiiee the enemy, rather than abandon to them a poor woman
who had been seized with illness." — Ibid.
See a letter from Su- Walter Scott to George Ellis, May
26, 1805 : s . j-
" If you will turn to Barbour's Bruce, (Pinkerton's edition, p. 66.)
you will find that the Lord of Lorn, seeing Bruce covering the it-
trent of his followers, compares him to Gow Mac Morn, (Macpher-
son's Gaul, the son of Mnmi.) This similitude appears to Barbour
a disparagement."— iocA/iarCi Life of Scott.
Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo, born 1811 in Wa.sh;ng-
ton CO., N. Y. 1. Equity Digest, embracing English, Irish,
and American Reports, 4 vols. Svo. 1836-41.
" To the student and piiictitioner in Chancery this book will be
a valuable, and almost necessary, key to the multitudinous deci-
sions in Chancery which are scattered throughout upwards of 300
vols, of American Reports."— j|»i.Ji4ns(, vol. 17, p. 36li.
2. CoUyer on Partnership, edited with notes and refer-
ences to receut decisions, 1838. 3. Chitty on Bills, edited
with notes and references to recent decisions, 2d ed., 1841.
4. Criminal Law ; A Treatise on Criminal Law, and on the
Jurisdiction, Duty, .and Authority of Justices of the Peace,
and the Power and Duty of Sheriffs, Constables, Ac. in
Criminal Cases, Svo, 2d ed., 1852.
" We heartily recommend it to the profession, to magistrates, to
District Attorneys, and to all those who are desirous of becoming
familiar with Cruninal Law."— 10 Legal Observer, p. 224.
5. A Treatise on the Law of Set-off, 1841. 6. A Trea-
tise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery, 2 vols., 1843.
" The work of Mr Barbour on Chancery Practice appears to me
entitled to high .ipprohation for its completeness, accmacy, and
clear method." — Judge Story.
7. Reports of Cases decided in the Court of Chancery
of the State of New York, 3 vols., 1847-49.
"The Reports of Mr. Barbour, both in Law and Equity, sustain
a high rank in Legjil Bibliography." — 2 Latv Reporter, JV. S., 271.
" The precision aud neatness w'hich characterize these Reports
are worthy the author of one of the best works on Chancery Prac-
tice which has been written in this country." — Pennsylvania Law
Joumul.
8. Reports of Cases decided in the Supreme Court of
the State of New York, IS vols., 1848-54.
_ " The selection of the cases appears most judicious : the prepara-
tion of the points, or head-notes, to each case, exhibits a combina-
tion of care and skill; and the Siune may be said of the index,
which is SO full and complete, th.at a reference to any of the points
decided is a matter of easy .attainmeut.'' — Code Beporier.Aug., 1849.
" The way in which these cases have been reported by Mr- I3ar-
bour reflects great credit upon him." — S Legal Observer, p. 240.
Barbour, Robt. An Es.sny on Weaving, Glasg., ] 759.
Barbut, Jas. Genera Insectorum of Linu[ens, Lon .
1781. '
" Indispensable to the student in Linnsan Entomology " ■
Hawoeth. "'''
Genera Vermium, Lon., 1783-88.
Barchnam er Barkham, John, 1572-1642, a di-
vine and antiquary, admitted of Exeter College, Oxf., 1687
" W.'is a person very skilful in divers tongues, a curious critic, a
noted antiquary, especially in the knowledge of coins, an exact Uis-
tonan. Herald, and. as 'tis said, an able Th'eologist."— ylW/ra. Oxon
He wrote the Lives of Kings Henry II. and John, in
115
BAR
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Speed's History of England; and was author of a Pre- j
face to Crakanthorpe's Defensio Ecclesia? Anglicanie, Lou.,
1625. But the most remarkable fact in his literary history
is his authorship of The Display of Heraldry, Lon., 1010,
bearing the name of John Gnillim. Anthony Wood, after
remarking that this Itook was '' much used by Novices,
and the best iu that kind that ever befure was published,"
proceeds —
" This book being mostly composed in his younger years, he
deemi^d it too light a subjert for him to own, heing then (when
put'lished) a grave Divine, Chapl. to an Archbishop, and not un-
likely a Dean. Whereupon, being well acriuainted with JohnGuil-
lim, au (Ifficer of Arms, he tiave him the copy, who, adding some
trivial things to it, published it, with leave from the author, un-
der his own name, and it goeth to this day imder the name of
Guillim's Heraldry. He also wrote a book roncerning coins in MS..
but where it is now I know not. Sure I am that he had the best
Collection of Coins of any Clergyman in England, which being
given by him to Dr. Laud, Archb. of Cant., (who much desired
them,) they came soon after, by his gift, to IJodley's Library, and
are at this day reposed in the Gallery adjoining." — Athcn. Oxon.
Fuller also refers to his coin-collecting propensity:
" lie was a greater lover of coins than of money ; rather curious
in the stamps than covetous for the metal thereof." — Winihies.
Barckley, Sir Richard. Discourse of the Felicitie
of Man, or his Summum Bonum, Lon., 1598; reprinted
1603, 1631.
" A garner filliMl with the most amusing and best histories and
little narrations. toM in thn author's own words, and occasionally
enlarged, but iu pTfttf keeping and consistency. ... It pui-ports
to be an etbiial tre;iti^e on human happiness, consisting of sis
books. In thi' liist. tbe author offers to prove, and by example to
show, that feliriiy cim^ists not in pleasure: — in the second, not
in riches; — in the tliird, not in honour and glory; — in the fourth,
not in moral virtue, after the academicks and peripato ticks, nor in
philosophical contemplation; — in the fifth, he declares his own
opinion of the happiness of this life; — and in the sixth, he shows
wherein consists the true felicity and .Summum Bnmim of man,
and the way to attain it." — JMrospective Ifevinv, vol. i. 271. Kead
this interesting article, which contains extracts.
The good knight, after considering the disappointment
to which those are subjected who are still anxiously in-
quiring— "'who will shojv us any good?" — comes to aeon-
elusion which we trust each one of our readers will endorse.
"To worship and glorifieGod in this life, that we may be joined
tobimin the world to come, is our beatitude, or Smnmiivi B"nnm y
Barclay, Barcley, Barklay, or de Barklay,
Alexander, d. 1552, at an advanced ago, is supposo'l by
Wood to have been a native of Somersetshire, or its vici-
nity; Warton assigns him to Oloucester-shire, or Devon-
shire ; Bale and Pits are (if opinion that he was from north
of the Tweed, and Dr. BuUeyn deulares he was a Scotch-
man. In 1495 we find him of Oriel College, Oxford. He
was first a priest of the college of St. Mary Ottery, in De-
vonshire ; secondly, of the order of St. Benedict : thirdly, of
the order of St. Francis. After the dissolution of the monas-
tery of Ely, he became vicar of Wokey, in Somersetshire, was
afterwards translated to Baddow Magna in Essex ; and last-
ly was presented to the vicarage of All Saints, Lombard
Street, on April 30, 1552 ; a few weeks after which, he died.
The principal work in which Barclay was concerned is
one the very mention of which excites the enthusiasm of the
true Bibliomaniac. It is entitled The Shvp of Folys of
THE WoRLDE, and was printed by Pynson, in 1509. It
is founded upon the original work of this name, of Sebas-
tian Brandt — a German satire upon the follies of all ranks
— and upon the French and Latin translation thereof.
Barclay's poem is in the balade, or octave, stanza: we give
an extract which is as severe a satire on the ignorant book-
collector as the invective of Lucian, or the humour of
La Bruyere :
The First Fool in the Ship is the Ignorant Bookworm :
(loquitur:)
" Lo in likewise of Bookes I have store.
But few I reade. and fewer understiiude ;
I folowe not their doctrine, nor their lore,
It is enough to bear a booke in hande:
It were too much to be in such a lande.
For to be boundo to loke within the booke :
I am content on the fayre coveryng to looke. . . .
" Still am I busy bookes assembling,
For to have plentie it is a pleasaiint thing,
In my conceyt to have them ay in hand;
But what they me.aue do I not understande.
*' But yet I have them iu great reverence
And honour, saving them from tilth and Ordure;
By oft«n brushing and mucli diligence :
Full goodly bouude in pleasaunt coverture
Of dames, sattin, orels of velvet pure:
I keepe thom sure fearing lest they should be lost,
For in them is the cunning whereiii I me boast.
" But if it fortune that any learned man
Within my house fiiW to disputation,
I drawe the curtaynes to shewe my bokes then,
That they of my cunning should make probation:
T love not to tall in alterication :
116
And while the common, my bookes I turne and winde,
For all is in them, and nothing in my rainde." — Warton^s
History of Eng, Bxiry ; which see for a copious account of Bai-
clay's writings.
'"'There are few books more interesting to the collector, thau
editions of the Shyp of FoLTs, of which Pynson's has the dis-
tinguished honour of being the parent impression in our own.
country."
Vide Dibdin's edition of Ames, vol. ii. p. 431, where will
be found a particular description of this rare volume, with
Bpecimens of the curious engravings on wood.
•'All ancient satirical writings, even those of an inferior cast,
have their merit, and deserve attention, as they transmit pictures
of familiar manners, and preserve popular customs. In this light,
at least, Barclay's Sbii> of Fool'^, which is a general satire on tbe
times, will bo found entn taining. Nor must it be denied, that his
language is more cultivated than that of many of his contempora-
ries, an'd that he contributed bis share to the improvement of the
English phraseology. His author. Sebastian Brandt, appears to
have been a man of universal erudition, and his work, for the
most part, is a tissue of citations from the ancient poets and his-
torians."—Warton.
Barclay's abilities gained him great distinction, even in
his life-time :
" He was admired for bis wit and eloquence, and for a fluency
of style not common iu that age. This recommended him to many
noble patrons. . . . That he was a polite writer, a great refiner of
the English tongue, and left behind him many testimonies of his
wit and learning, cannot be denied."
Bale treats his memory with great indignity, but Pits
assures us that he was devoted to the promotion of religion
and to personal improvement. The Soyp of Folys, espe-
cially Pynson's edition, 1509, is a very rare work. A copy
in the Cibl. Anglo-Poet, is priced XlHo; Cawood's edition,
1570, £12 12*. De Worde printed an edition in 151T,
translated by II. Watson into prose.
A Ryght fruteful treatyse intituled the Myrrour of good
Maners. This is sine atmo ; printed by Pynson. It is a
translation of a poem by Mancini, entitled De Quatucr
Virtutibus. His Egloges were printed by Pyuson, sine
anito.
" Our author's Egloges, I believe, are the first that appeared iu
the English language. They are, like Petrarch's aud Mautuan's,
of the moral and s.atirical kind, and contain but few touches of
rural description and bucolic imagery." — Warton.
For further notices of Barclay's works, see Dibdin's
Ames's; Ellis's Specimens; Warton's History of English
Poetry, ttc.
Barclay, David. Emancipation in Jamaica, 1801.
Barclay, Geo. Vindic. of the Bp. of Edin., 1712.
Barclay, II. The Law of the Road, Glasg., 1836.
This treatise contains the statutes and abstracts of the de-
cisions of the courts in Scotland and England, relative to
highways.
"■ We can safely recommend this volume as displaying a com-
bination of much accuracy aud research, with a thorough know-
ledge of the subject." — 2 Edin. Law JourimU 523.
A Treatise on the Law and Practice in Applications
against Debtors, as in meditatione futfce, Edin., 1832.
" This small aud unpretending work will be found of great uti-
lity. It contains all that is materially importaut on the subject,
aud there is no class of persons, whether magistrates, agents, or
creditors, by whom it may not be consulted with profit and ad-
vantage." Vide 2 Biin. Laio Journal, 2GC.
Barclay, Henry, D.D., d. 1765, an Episcopal cler-
gyman in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1734 :
he was ordained in England, and appointed missionary to
the Mohawk Indians. Subsei|uently he was Hector of
Trinity Chui-ch, New York, which office he held until his
death. In conjunction with Rev. W. Andrews and J.
Ogilvie, he superintended the translation of the Liturgy
into the Mohawk language. This translation was printed
in 1760.
Barclay, Jas. Educational works, Edin., 1743-58.
Barclay, Jas. Sermons. 1763-1777. A Complete and
Universal English Dictionary, 1774,
Barclay, John, 1582-1621. son of William Barclay
of Aberdeenshire, was born at Pont-a-Mousson. He was
educated at the college of the Jesuits of iiis Uittivc place,
and made such progress in his studies, that at the age of
nineteen he is said to have published notes on the Thobais
of Statins. He makes no secret of his thirst for distinction :
*• I had no sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame in-
cited me to attack the whole world, rather with a view of promot-
ing my own reputation, than of dishonouring individuals.'' — Pie-
face to the Apolor/i/ for Euphorminn.
In 1605 he visited England, where he remained about a
year. Subsequently he resided there for several years.
Upon the death of his father, in 1606, he went to Paris,
where he married Louisa Debonnaire. His latter years
were spent in Rome, amidst his books and flowers, dis-
playing more wisdom in the Bibliomania than in the
Tulip-mania, of which last disease he is supposed to have
been one of the first victims. In his Euphormion he had
BAR
pronounced the plant " Golden Kod" to be a specific for
the stone, yet of this painful complaint he died in 1621.
In 1604 he pub. the first part of his Latin satire, Eu-
phormion ; the second part was pub. at Paris, and a com-
plete edition at Amsterdam in 1629. This satire made so
many enemies, that in 1610 he pub. his Apology for Eu-
phormion. (See extract from the preface above.)
His account of the Gunpowder Plot (Barclay was always
a zealous son of the Church of Rome) was pub. in 18()6.
For some verses referring to his poverty whilst in Eng-
land, see Delit. Poet. Scot., i. 93-100. In 1611 he pub. hig
father's work, Do Potestate Papa?, a curious production
for an adherent of the Church of Rome; as it lays down
the positions, 1. That the pope has no power direct or in-
direct over sovereigns in temporals. 2. That they who
allow him any such power, whatever they may intend, do
very great prejudice to the Roman Catholic religion.
This work was attacketl by Cardinal Bellarmin, to whom
Barclay responded in his ,T. Barel.ay Pietas, i-c, Paris,
1612. Ho afterwards repeutcd having written this work,
as it displeased many of his own faith, and gratified those
whom he esteemeil heretics. As some reparation, it is sup-
po.sed, he pub. in 1617 Paraenensis ad Sectaries.
^ His Icon Animarum was pub. in 1614. It is a delinea-
tiou of the genius and customs of the European nations,
with remarks of a moral and philosophical cast on the pe-
culiarities of mankind. In style it has been compared to
Goldsmith's Traveller. Barclay's principal work, the Ar-
genis, or the Loves of Poliarchus and Argcnis, was first
pub. in Paris in 1621, by means of the friendship of the
celebrated antiquary, M. do Peiresc. The first English
translation was pub. by Kingsmill Long, gent., in 1625,
4to. Of this there was a second edition, " beautified with
pictures, together with a key pra^fi.xed to unlock the whole
story," in 1636. There was also a translation in 1628 by
Sir Robert Le Grys, "the verses by Thomas May," (the
continuator of Lucan ;) this version is said to have been
undertaken at the request of Charles I. In 1772 Clara
Reeve pub. a translation under the title of The Phcenix,
or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis. There are
three French translations of The Argenis, 1624, 1732, 1736;
and it was also rendered into the Italian, Spanish, and
Dutch. The Argenis is a political allegory, a romance,
and a system of politics :
"In it the various forms of government are investigated, the
causes of Svction detected, and the remedies pointed out for mast
of the evils that can arise in a state. ... It affords such a variety
of entertainment, that every kind of reader may find in it some-
thing suitable to his own taste and disposition : the statesman,
the philosopher, the soldiei-, the lover, the citizen, the friend of
mankind, each may gratify his favomite propensity, while the
reader who comes for his amusement only, will not go away dis-
^pointei."— Preface to Clara Jieeve's Translalim.
The characters in the Argenis are intended to represent
various distinguished personages in history and real life.
Poliarchus is meant for Henry of Navarre ; Aquilius is the
Emperor of Germany ; Calvin is Usinulca ; Radirobanes
is the King of Spain, and Hyanisbe is thought to resemble
in some traits Elizabeth of England. Richelieu was very
fond of perusing this work, and it is thought from thence
ho drew many of his political maxims. Cowper pro-
nounced it the most amusing romance ever written ;
"U is interesting in a high degree; richer in incident than can
be imagined, full of surprises, which the reader never foresails,
and yet free from all entanglement and confusion. The style, too^
appears to me to he such as would not dishonour Tacitus him-
self"— Otwpey's Lettei- to Saml. Rose, Esq.
As to the style to which Cowper thus refers, Coleridge
prefers it to th.at of Livy or Tacitus: (Remains, voh i.,)
but Mr. Hallam remarks upon this :
"I cannot by any means go this length : it has struck me that
the Latinity is more that of Petronius Arbiter, hut I am not weU
enough aoiuainted with th.it writer to speak confidently. The
same observation seems applicable to the Euphormio."— infroduc
to Lit of Europe,
We may he permitted to remind classical critics of the
recorded opinion of Grotius :
'• Oenfe Caledonius. Oallus nat.alibus hie est,
Romam llomauo qui docet ore loqui."
" A Scot by blood,— and French liy birth,— this man
At Home speaks Latin as no Koman can."
Mr. Hall.am well remarks that
■• Barcl.iy has mingled so much of mere Action with his story,
that no attempts at a regular key to the whole work can he suc-
cessful, nor HI &ct does the fable of this romance run in any paral-
lel stream with real events. His object seems in great measure to
have been the discussion of political questions in feigned dialogue.
But though in these we find no want of acuteuess or good sen.se,
they h.ave not at present much novelty in our eyes; and though
the style is really pleasing, or. as some have judged, excellent, and
the incidents not ill-contrived, it might be hard to go entirely
thi-ough a Latin romance of 700 pages, unless indeed we had no
BAR
alternative given but the perusal of the similar works in Spanish
or French." — Tntroditc. to Lit. of Europe.
The correctness of the opinion of this intelligent author
is evinced by the general neglect mto which this once
popular allegory has now fallen.
'• It absolutely distresses me, when I reflect that this work, ad-
mired as it has been by great men of all ages, (and lately by the
poet Cowper,) should be only not unknown to the general reader "
— Coleridge.
Barclay, John. Gr.ammaticaLatina, R. Pynson, 1516.
Barclay, John. Descrip. of the R. Catholic, 1689. "
Barclay, John, M.D., was author of Nepenthes sen
de Nicotiana Herba Viribus, Edin., 1614. He praises To-
bacco as " this happie .and holio herbe," and strongly ad-
vocates its use. King James and the Pope to the contrary
notwithstanding.
Barclay, John, 1734-1798, the founder of a religious
sect in Scotland known as Bcreans or Barclayans, pub.
an edition of his works (theological) in 3 volumes.
Barclay, John, M.D., 1760-1S26, b. in Perthshire.
Professional Works, Edin., 1803-12.
Barclay, J.T., M.D., b. 1807, at Hanover C.H., Va.,
for three years and a half a missionary to Jerusalem. The
City of the (Jreat King ; or, Jerusalem as it was, as it is,
and is to be. Illustrated from photographs iind original
drawings, Phila., 1857, 8vo. A reliable work, highly com-
mended. In 1868, he returned to Jerusalem with his
family to reside permanently.
Barclay, Patrick. "The Universal Traveller, 1735.
Barclay, Patrick. A Letter to the People of Scot-
land, in order to remove their prejudice to The Book of
Common Prayer, with an Appendi.';, wherein are answered
The Objections against the Liturgy, in two late Pamphlets,
called Dialogues between a Curate and a Countryman,
Lon., 1713.
Barclay, Robert, 1G48-1690, the celebrated apolo-
gist for the doctrines and principles of the Society of
" Friends," sometimes called " Quakers," was born at
Gordonstoun, in Morayshire, December 23d. He was a
descendant of a very ".ancient and honourable family in
Scotland, by his father's side, who w.as Colonel David Bar-
clay, of Mathers, a m.an universally esteemed and beloved,
and by his mother, Mrs. Catherine Gordon, daughter of
Sir W. Gordon, from the noble house of Huntley; so that
if his principles had not led him to slight the advantages '
of birth, few gentlemen could in that particular have gone
beyond him." His father, who had held a commission in
the Swedish army in Germany, where he rose to the rank
of Mnjor, and had also commandeil in the Royalist army
under Charles I., embraced Quakerism whilst confined iii
prison from political persecutions, in the year 1666.
Robert was sent to P.aris at an e,arly'age, to complete
his education, and placed under the care of his uncle,
principal of the Scots' College. This relative was a zeal-
ous Roman Catholic, and Robert was naturally disposed
to embrace a religion so favourably commended to his re-
gard. His uncle was so anxious to retain him in P.aris,
where he could both enjoy his society, and preserve him
from the baneful influence of heretical doctrines, that he
offered to present him with a considerable fortune at once,
and leave the balance of his property to him on his de-
mise. It is not unlikely that Robert would have con-
sented to these conditions, had not a summons from his
father, who dreaded his becoming a convert to the Roman
Church, recalled him home. With that regard to strict
principle which was always a characteristic of Robert
Barclay, he was not disobedient to the paternal command,
but at once resigned the flattering prospects which had
been held out to him, and returned to Scotland in 1664.
So great had been his application to his studies, that, al-
though scarcely sixteen years of age, he possessed consi-
derable knowledge of the sciences, and was .skilled in the
French and Latin tongues; the latter he wrote and spoke
with facility and correctness; subsequently he attained
Greek and Hebrew.
Many authors have told us that Colonel Barclay had
become a convert to Quakerism (we use the term for con-
venience, and, of cour.se, without any disrespect) before
the return of Robert from France : but wo have the testi-
mony of Robert himself that his father did not join this
sect until 1666. This date approaches so closely to that
of the first promulgation of the doctrines of Quakerism,
that a brief notice of the history of the society in Scot-
land for the first twenty years of its existence, may not be
out of place. George Fox, horn in 1624, (see Fox,
George,) became a public preacher of his religions tenets
about the year of Robert Barclay's birth— 1648. In 1657
he visited Scotland, and preached with such success, that
117
BAR
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large numljers, especially in the north, about Aberdeen ! Barclay reviews the objections which had Deen urged
anil Eli'iu, became converts to the doctrines which he against the doctrines of the Quakers.
, ,.„claimed One of the ,nost distinguished aisciples was | ^:;:^^-l^^^ ^Zl^::^ f.Z^r^.^o:^'^Zr.
the celebrated John Swmton ot Swinton, one of the most , |'j;"^-'p3ss f^^ people distracted, and. at other times, for men pes-
learned and accomplished men of his time, and so much
in lavour with Oliver Cromwell that it was notorious that
the Protector " trusted him mure than anybody, and al-
most every thing in Scotland was done by his advice."
At the Restoration. Swinton and Barclay were imprisoned
by the government, and by " long and frequent conversa-
tions" the latter was convinced by the former of the excel-
lency of the doctrines preached by George Fox.
Colonel Barclay sought to impress the truth of his new
opinions upon the mind of Hubert, but for some time
without success. Ho did not, however, refuse to place
himself iu the way of conviction, and, whilst attending a
religious meeting of the society, he was so deeply im-
pressed by a discourse of one of their ministers, that he
felt it his duty to unite with the body. He became amost
zealous propagator of his new tenets ; and laboured with
great success in England, and on the Continent, especially
in Holland. He travelled with William Penn through
the principal parts of England, Holland, and Germany.
Ho was " everywhere received with respect, and dismissed
■with concern ; for though his conversation as well as his
manners were strictly suitable to his doctrine, yet there
was such a spirit aud liveliness in his discourse, and such
a serenity and cheerfulness in his deportment, as rendered
him extremely agreeable to all sorts of people."
Robert Barclay was no common character, either as re-
spects natural capacity, extensive learning, indomitable
energy, or persevering zeal. At an age when many young
men are triflers of fashion, or slaves to vice, this noble
youth girded up his loins, and went forth into the world
to battle with sin, and promote the glory of God through
the salvation of man. Born to prosperous fortunes, and
of an illustrious line, the heir of the De Berkleys was
willing, for the sake of truth and righteousness, to " e.it
his bread with scarceness," and to exchange the society of
the great, and the lordly halls of nobles, for the " tender
mercies" of a bruttil jailer, the companionship of felons,
and the unt(dd horrors of the convict's cell. We can ima-
gine few more affecting pictures than that which disgraced
the year 1677, and the town of Aberdeen, when the aged
Colonel Barclay, his son Robert, and a number of other
Quakers, were cast into jail for the second time in a twelve-
month. His father, who, to borrow the words of Croese,
''was venerable in his appearance, just iu all his actions,
who had shewed his courage in the wars of Germany, and
his fortitude in bearing all the hard usage he met with in
Scotland with cheerfulness, as well as patience" — this
good old man, now well stricken in years, but strong in
conscious integrity, and supported by a noble zeal, was
ready to go with his beloved child to prison and to death,
rather than to deny his faith, or to hold his peace when
ho believed that his God bade him to " lift up his voice,
aud show the people their sins." Our worthy ancestors
hud what they esteemed a sovereign remedy for heresy.
When any inquirer after truth was so hardy as to doubt
their infallibility, they forthwith put him into the stocks,
or immured him in the next jail, fed him with bread and
water, and cropped off his ears, and, if he still continued
obstinate, perhaps hung him at Tyburn, or burnt him at
Smithfield. Who can doubt that such substantial evi-
dences of the true Christian spirit of love, charity, and
goodwill, were admirably calculated to convince all here-
tics of the evil of their own ways, and the orthodoxy of
those who were so solicitous for their spiritual welfare?
Robert Barclay had not long been united to the society of
"Friends," when he commenced that powerful use of his
pen on behalf of their doctrines, by which his name has
been widely known to all succeeding generations.
His first work appeared in 1G70 :
"Truth cleared of Oiluninirs, wliereln a hnnk entitled. A Dia-
logue between a Quaker iiml :i staM.- cliiistiaii. iiuiMt.-cl at Aber-
deen, and, upon good srouiutjiul^id ti.I.L' urit t'.Y \\ iiliaiu Mitchell,
a preacher near by to it, or. at l.■a^t, that be had the chief hand in
it.) is examined, and the Ilis-in^'cnuily of the author in represent-
ing the Quakers is discovered ; lieie is also their case truly stated,
cleared, demonstrated, and the Ul'jections of their Opiiosers an-
swered according to Truth, Scripture, and Kight Heasou."
This hydra-headed treatise might well have alarmed
the imprudent AVillinm Mitchell, who had little idea when
preparing his Dialogue what sore punishment he was
drawing down upon his own head. To use the significant
phraseology of the author to the Preface of Barclay's
works, (Lon., 1692,) this answer showed Barclay " to be
much an overmatch for his antagonist." In this work
118
sessed of the devil, and practisinf; abominations under pretence
of being led to them hv the Spirit: as denying the existence of
Christ, the reality of a heaven and a hell, the being of angels, the
resurrection of the body, and the day of judgment. He shews
upon what slight pretence these notions were taken up. how con-
sistent .all the doctrines of the Quakers were with the gospel in
respect to these points, and how unjust the persecution they had
sustained for maintaining what the apostles maintained, the liyltt
of Christ Jesus sfiining in the mind of many — BiC'g. Brit.
Some Things of Weighty Concernment, Ac. This second
treatise was an appendix to the first ; in this he proposes
twenty questions relating to those who had distinguished
themselves in representing the Quakers in ridiculous lights,
'■ When if that kind of langu.age h.ad been allowed among this
sort of people, they mifht themselves tiave been rendered far more
ridiculous. These writings made Mr. W. Mitchell so uneasy, and
rendered it so apparent that either he was in the wrong, or wanted
abilities necessary to prove himself in the right, that he immedi-
ately had recourse again to the press, in order to return an answer
to Robert Barclay, which produced our author's thii-d book upon
this subject, in which he effectually silenced that angi-y and im-
patient writer."'
The preface to the third treatise — W. Mitchell unmask-
ed, or the staggering infallibility of the pretended stable
Christian discovered, Ac. — is dated from Ury, our author's
residence, December 21, 1671. In 1675 he published a
work intended to explain and defend the doctrines and
principles of the Quakers. This work is entitled
" A Catechism and Confession of Faith, approved of and agreed
unto by the Oeueral Assemblv of the Patriarchs, Prophets, and
Apostle's, Christ himself chief Speaker in and among them, which
containeth a true and faithful Account of the Principles and Doc-
trines which are most surely believed by the Churches of Christ
in Great Britain and Ireland, who are reproachfully called by the
n.ame of Quakers, yet are found in one Faith with the Primitive
Church and Paints," as is most clearly demonstrated by some plain
Scripture Testimonies, ^without Consequences or Commentaries,)
which are here collected and inserted by way of Answer to a few
weighty, yet easy and familiar, Questions, fitted as well for the
wisest and largest, as for the weakest and lowest. Capacities. To
which is added an Expostulation with an Appeal to all other Pro-
fessors, by R. B., a Servant of the Church of Christ."
Our author seems to have determined that those who
would not pursue their investigations further than his title-
pages, should not even then escape wholesome instruction.
'ihe preface to this work is dated Urie, 1673. The author
endeavours to prove that Quakerism is the perfection of
Protestantism : that there is properly no middle ground
between the doctrines he espouses, and those of the Church
of Rome.
The Anarchy of the Ranters, Ac. which has been praised
as "a learned and excellent treatise, containing as much
sound reason as any book of its size, in our, or perhaps in
any modern, language," was published in 1676. Its ob-
ject was to prove that the Quakers were not justly liable
to the objections urged against the fanaticism of the Rant-
ers. This work met with so much censure, that in 1679 he
pub. a 'Vindication of it. He also gave to the world A
True and Faithful Account of some of his disputes with
some of the students of the University of Aberdeen ; and
in 16S6 he pub. The Possibility and Necessity of the In-
ward iind Immediate Revelation of the Spirit of God,
towards the foundation and ground of true Faith, proved
in a Letter written in Latin to a person of Quality in
Holland, and now also put into English.
Like Bunyan, Sir Richard Baker, Boethius, Grotius,
Buchanan, and many other good men, he made even the
employment of his prison hours useful to his fellow-men.
It wa.s whilst in the jail of Aberdeen that he composed
that ■• noble description of Christian Beneficence," Uni-
versal Love considered and established upon its right
Foundation, being a serious Enquiry how far Charity may,
and ought to extend towards Persons of different Judg-
ments in matters of Religion, aud whose Principles among
the several Sects of Christians, do most naturally lead to
that due Moderation required, writ in the Spirit of Love
and Meekness for the removing of Stumhling-Bloeks out
of the Way of the Simple, by a Lover of the Souls of all
Men, R. B". This work was written and pub. in 1677.
The author divides his subject into five sections.
1st. He gives his own experience, and his reasons for
writing this treatise.
2d. The nature of Christian Love and Charity is de-
monstrated.
od. The controversy is stated with respect to the difl'erent
religious bodies, Ac.
4th. An examination of the principles held by many call-
ed Christians, and those principles proved to be defective.
T3AR
Bak
5th. Some "principles of Christianity are proposed, as
they are held by a great body of people, and some gath-
ered churches in Great Britain and Ireland which do very
well agree with true Universal Love."
Having thus noticed the other works of Robert Barclay,
we are prepared to coosider that by which ho will always
be best known, viz :
" An Apology for the true Christlnn Divinity, as the same is held
forth and preached hy the People railed in Scorn. Quakers; being
a full Explanation and Viadicat ion of their Principles and Doc-
trines, by many Artrimients deduocd from Scripture and Right
r.eason. and the Testimonies of famous Authors, both Ancient
and Modern, with a full Answer to the strongest Objections usu-
ally made against th'-m: Presented to the King. Written and
pu>>iished in London, for the Information of Strans:ers. by Robert
IJarclat. and now put into our Language for the Benefit of his
Countrymen.' London, 1678.
The Address to Charles II. has been admired for clear-
ness and vigour of style, and faithful boldness of exhorta-
tion. Was there ever a greater contrast than between the
subject and the king? the selfish, dissolute, effeminate
monarch, and the noble-hearted, self-sacrificing preacher of
Universal Love? The Theses Tbeologicse, which were the
ground-work of the Apology, had been previously published
and sent abroad in Latin, French, High and Low Dutch,
and English, addressed to the Clergy of what sort soever,
- And that his candour, impartiality, and sincere love of truth,
might be still more manift^st. he sent them to the Doctors, Pro-
fessors, and Students in Divinity, both Popish and Protestant, in
every country throughout Europe, desiring they would seriously
examine them, and send him their answers. As soon as tlie Apo-
logy was finished, he sent two copies of it to each of the public
ministers, then at the famous Congress of Nimeguen. where it was
received with all imacrinable favour and respect, and the know-
ledge, charity, and disinterested probity of its author justly ai>-
plauded.*'
The Latin version, Theologicje vere Chrisfianre Apolo-
gia, was pub. at Amsterdam in 1676; the English transla-
tion, as we have seen above, in 167S. Other English edi-
tions were published in 1701-36, a beautiful edition by
Baskerville in 1765, another edition in 1781), and many
since; besides Abridgments in 8vo. and 12mo. &c. Ant.
de Alvarado translated it into Spanish in 1710 ; and trans-
lations have appeared in most of the European languages.
The author pub. a Vindication of his work in 1679; in-
cited thereto by an attack in Latin by John Brown upon
the Latin version of the Apology. The Vindication was
esteemed by William Penn, and many others, to be equal
in every respect to the Apology.
Our author's doctrines, as contained in the Theses, and
more largely expounded in the Apologia, were attacked
by other writers also, viz. : Nicholas Arnoldus, Professor
in the ITniversity of Eranequer; John George Bajenis,
Professor of Divinity at Jena, (who was answei-ed by
Geo. Keith, then a stout supporter of Quaker doctrines;)
Christopher HoUhusius, a famous preacher at Franck-
furt ; George Keith, (the quondam advocate of the Apology,)
in the vStandard of the Quakers Examined, Lon., 1702 ;
Ant. Kciser of Hamburg; Thomas Bennet, in a Confu-
tation of Quakerism, 1705; Mr. Trenchard; Thos. Chubb,
1721; Wm. Notcutt, 1738; Daniel Gittius, 1758; S. New-
ton, 1771, &c.
As we have nothing to do in this place with the theo-
logical opinions of Barclay, or of his antagonists, we dis-
charge our duty by enabling the reader to possess himself
of the expositions of the views of both sides of the con-
troversy.
Of the literary character of a theological, as of any other,
work, it does become us to speak ; and here we are very
safe in assigning a distinguished jilace among the produc-
tions of the human mind to Barclay's Apology fur the true
Christian Divinity. Language of uncommon purity is made
the powerful instrument of reasoning embellished with wit,
and persuasion fortified by argument. To the merits of
Barclay as a writer, we have, Ijesides many others, the at-
testations of the learned Gerard Croese, Norris of Bemer-
ton, Jeremiah Jones, Bennet, Trenchard, and Voltaire.
The latter observes in his Letters on the English Nation,
that the Apology is " as well executed as the subject would
possibly admit." Norris of Bemerton, a very famous man
in his day, remarks —
'- 1 take him to be so great a m.^n, that T profess freelv, I had
rather engage against an hundred Bellarmines, Hardiiigs, and
Stapletons, than with one Barclay."— Second Treatise of the Lhjht
within.
William Sewell speaks of him as
" A man of eminent gifts and great endowments, expert not only
In the lancruages of the learned, but also well versed in the writ-
ings of the ancient Fathers, and other ecclesiastical writers, and
furnished with a great understanding, being not only of a sound
judgment, but also strong in ai-giunents." — Hist, of the Quakers.
Dr. Williams remarks ;
"Barclay was a man of extraordinary abilities, and his work af-
fords consideralile information, not only concerning the pL'CuIiar
tenets of the Quakers, but also on other "subjects. His method and
style are fiir superior to most of his contemporaries."
We could multiply testimonies, but this is needless.
As regards Barclay's personal character, his energy was
evinced by his laborious and self-denying pilgrimages and
ministrations ; his benevolence by his burning zeal tor the
souls of his fellow-men ; his patience and humility by the
uncomplaining submission with which he "bore the loss
of all things'' for the advancement of what he deemed to
be the truth,
" We sometimes travelled together." says his faithful fi i<-nd and
fellow-sufferer, William Penn, *' bt^th in this kingdom and in Hol-
land, and some parts of Germany, and wen- inward in diverse ser-
vices from first to last: and the apinvh.'nsiou I had of him was
this, he loved the truth and way of (iod. as revealed among us,
above all the world, and was not ashamed of it before men, but
bold and able in maintaining it. sound in judgment, strong in
argument, cheerful in travels and sufferings, of a pleasant dispo-
sition, yet solid, plain, and exemplary in his conver.sation. lie
was a learned man and a good Christian, an ahle Minister, a duti-
ful son, and a loving husband, a tender and careful father, au
easy master, and a good and kind neighl>our and friend.''
With such a character we need not be surprised that
it was his
■• Peculiar felicity to gain so entire a conquest over envy as to
pass through life (and which is so much the more wonderful, such
a life as his was) with almost universal applause, and withoiit the
least imputation on his integrity. The great business of his life
was doing good, promoting what he thought to be the knowledge
of God, and consequently the happiness of man."
For further information concerning this truly eminent,
and — far higher commendation — truly excellent man, see
the Biographia Britannica, to which this article is largely
indebted ; Sewell's History of the Quakers, Mosheim's Ec-
clesiastical History, Genealogical Account of the Barclays
of Urie, &c.
Who would not have supposed that this touching ap-
peal to the second Charles would have influenced even his
selfish and vice-enslaved heart?
"Thou hast tasted of prosperity and adversity; thou knowest
what it is to be banished thy native country, to he overruled, as
well as to rule and sit upon the thi'me : and being oppressed, thou
hast reason to know how hateful the oppressor is both to God and
man." — Preface to the Apology.
Truly little cause had the poor Quaker in his prison to
envy the ungodly monarch on his throne ! Deeply grieved
to witness the bold licentiousness which prevailed among
the scoffing courtiers and their graceless king, he might
well adopt the prayer, " 0 my soul, come not thou into
their secret; into their assembly, mine honour, be not
thou united !''
Towards the close of his life, Robert Barclay was in
great favour at court ; and had James II. been wise enough
to profit by his advice in 1688, and make timely conces-
sions to an outraged people, it is possible that the question
of the "Succession" would never have tested the wisdom
of the English parliament.
In 1682 Barclay was elected Governor of East Jersey
by the proprietors.
''To induce him to accept of the oflfioe, he was made a joint pro-
prietor, with a power of bestowing five thousand acres more, as he
should think fit. Upon account of his peculiar merit, the govern-
ment was to be held for life, though no other Governor was to be
continued longer than thj-ee years. He tad, likewise, a power of
appointing a Deputy Governor, whi.-h he accordingly did
Robert never came to America, but his brother John
settled there, and his brother David, a youth of great pro-
mise, who had gone out with the same intention, died upon
the voyage. " His brother John died at Amboy. in 1731,
leaving two sons. His grandson. Alexander, was comp-
troller of the customs in Philadelphia, and died in 1771."
A Scottish poet, writing of the two famous Barclays, Wil-
liam and John, concludes with these verses upon Robert:
"But lo! a third appears with serious air;
His Prince's darling, and his country's care.
Pee his religion, which so bate before
Was like a jumbled mass of dross and ore.
Refined by him, and burnlsh'd o'er with ai-t,
Awakes the spirit, and attracts the heart."
After a life marked with such activity and suffering for
conscience' sake, this good man was permitted to spend the
last few years of his life in peace. He died October 3,
1690, at his mansion at TJry, in Kincardine.'^hire, Scot-
land. The estate of Fry had been purchased by Colonel
David Barclay in the year of Robert's birth, (1648.) The
Colonel was obliged to part with two estates, which had
been in his family, one, three hundred, and the other, five
hundred years. About 1679 Robert obtained a charter,
under the Great Seal, from King Charles the Second, erect-
ing his lands of Ury into "a free Barony, with a civil and
criminal jurisdiction to him and his heirs forever." This
charter was ratified by Act of Parliament temp. James the
U9
BAR
Seventh of Scotland, and Second of England, "for the
many faithful services done by Colonel David Barclay,
and "his son, the said Robert Barclay, to the King, and his
most royal progenitors in times past." This barony, with
all similar jurisdictions, was extinguished by the changes
effected in the government of Scotland temp. George II.
Robert Barclay left seven children, all of whom were alive
in October, 1740, fifty years after their father's death. At
tbe same time there were living between fifty and si.xty
grand-children and great grand-chililren.
"A good man leaveth an inheritance to bis children's
children," and a good name has these advantages over
all other bequests; — it can be shared without division,
enjoyed without diminution, and remains an imperishable
capital, stimulating to and aiding lil;e acquisitions.
Barclay, Robert, (Allerdyce,) 1779-1854. the
great pedestrian who first walked one thousand mdes m
one thousand hours. Agricultural Tour in the U. States,
Lon., 1S42, p. Svo.
Barclay, Thomas, a Scottish scholar, studied lite-
rature and philosophy at Bordeaux; going afterwards to
Toulouse he became head of the Squellanean School. Sub-
sequently he taught law both at Poitiers and at Toulouse.
"Ills writings were neither numerous nor important."-DEMPSTKR.
Barclay^ William, 1546-1605? an eminent civUian,
father to John Barclay, author of the "Argenis," w.as liorn
in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was in favour with Mary
Queen of Scots : after her dethronement he went to France,
applied himself to the study of belles-lettres, law, and
philosophy, and graduated doctor in the civil and canon
laws. The Duke of Lorraine appointed him professor of
civil law in the University of Pont-A-Mousson, and a
counsellor and master of requests to his hospital. He
visited England at the reciuest of James I., and was offered
a professorship of civil law at one of the universities, and
other honours, upon condition of his attaching himself to
the Church of England. These offers he declined, return-
ed to France in 1604, and accepted the professorship of
civil law in the University of Angers. One of his prin-
cipal works is Do Regno et Regali Potestate adversus
Buchananum Brutum, Boucherum et Reliquos Monarcho-
maehos, Paris, 1600. Boucher had put forth a treatise
in 1589, here referred to, entitled De Juste Heurici III.
Boucher was a. leaguer; Barclay, on the contrary, argues
in favour of the supremacy of the king even over the
laws, and the right of the monarch to the implicit obe-
dience of his people, save in cases of outrageous oppression ;
which last flaw, of course, quashes the whole indictment
against any ease of resistance, as opinion must of necessity
be the umpire. Although a zealous Komiin Catholic, Bar-
clay defended the sovereignty of the crown of France, even
against the Pope. His work, De Potestate Papw an et
quatenus in Reges et Principes seculares Jus et linperium
habeat, was pub. Franck., 1609, London, in English in
1611. We have already given an account of this work in
the biography of the autlior's son ; also of the response
of Cardinal Bellarmin, the circulation of which was for-
bidden by the Parliament of Paris. Barclay also pub.
Proemetia in Vitam Agrieolffi, Paris, 1599. Comm. in
Titl. Pandectarum de Rebus Creditis et de Jurejurando,
Paris, 1605.
Our learned civilian, like some other philosophers, seems
not to h.ave been so fond of simplicity as some of the Gre-
cian sages, for » ,. ,
" lie went every day to school, attended by a servant, who went
bare-headed before him. he himself havins a rich lobe lined with
ermine, the train of which was supported by two .servants, and
his son upon his right hand : and there hung about his neck .a
great chain of gold, with a medal ot gold, with his own picture.
— Maclenzip's Lives.
Bard, John, M.D., 1716-1799, President of the Med.
Society of the State of New York. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1760. ' Jled. Obs. and Inq. xii. p. a69, 1762.
Bard, Samuel, M.D.. 1742-1821, son of the preced-
ing, family physician to General Washington, .and a man
of most estimable character, pub. a treatise, De Viribus
Opii, 1765; on Angina Suffocativa. repub. in vol. i.. Anier.
Phil. Soc. On the Use of Cold in Hemorrhage ; Compen-
dium of Midwifery. 1807; and subsequent editions; seve-
ral Addresses to Public Bodies, and Anniversary Discourses
to Medical Students.
Bardouin, F. G. Essay on Job xix. 2.3-27, in 3 let-
ters, 1767. , ,
Bardsley, S. A., M.D. Profess, and other works,
Lon., 1800-1807.
Bardwell, Thos. The Practice of Painting and
Perspective made easy, Lon., 1756.
"Mr. B.irdwell api)ear.s throughout his book a professed enemy
120
BAR
tc TTjeon' : and disgraces the Art he attempts to teach, bv suppoB-
ing It may be got, like a knack, by mure practice, rather than com-
municated as a ,VCi. licc, consisting of certain principles founded on
invariable and fixed laws; from which Nature never deviates."—
tan. Mmitldif /leiitw, 1756.
The critique, from which the above is extracted, is very
severe. Mr. Edwards finds fault with the Perspective
portion of the works, but commends the instructions, so
far as they relate to the process of paintings, as the best
that had been published. See Edwards's Anecdotes of
Painting.
Barecroft,Charles. Lets, against Popery, Lon,, 1688.
Barecroft, J>, D.D. Ars Concionandi: or an in-
struction to young students in divinity. Being advice to
a son in the university, with rules for preaching, 4th ed.,
1751, enlarged by a Short View of the Lives, &c. of the
Fathers, Lon.. 1715.
Barese, Sir Kd. See Benese.
Baret, John, a scholar of Cambridge, of the 16th
century. An Alvearie, or Quadruple Dictionarie, English,
L.atine, Greeke, and French, Londini, 1680. Dedicated to
Lord Burleigh. An edition pub. in 1573 contains En-
glish, Latin, and French, only.
Baret, Michael. An Hipponimio, or the Vineyard
of Horsemnnshiji, Lon., 1618.
Barfett, John. Funeral Sermon on the Rt. Hon.
Baroness Barhaiu : 2 Tim. iv. 6-8. The Contest, Con-
quest, and Reward, of the Christian.
Barfoot, P. Letters to W. Pitt on Taxation, Ac, 1786.
Barford, Rd. The Assembly, 1726. Epistle to Ld.
C, 1730. , .
Barford, Wm., D.D., d. 1792, was admitted into
King's College, Cambridge, in 1737. For one session he
was chaplain to the House of Commons, and pub. a Ser-
mon delivered before that body, 1770. In Pindari Pri-
mum Pythium Disscrtatio, &c., 1751. A Latin Oration,
1766. Concio ad Clerum, 1784.
" He died as he had lived, universally respected by all learned
and good men, at his rectory of Kunptou." See Bryant's System
of Mvthologv. vol. iii.
B'argraVe, Isaac, 1586-164.3, Dean of Canterbury.
Sermon on Hosea x. 1, Lon., 1624. Sermons, 1624, 1627.
He was chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton in one of his em-
bassies. At Venice he enjoyed the intimate acquaintance
of Father Paul,
•' Who once said to him that he thought the hierarchy of the
Church of England the most excellent piece of discipline in the
whole Christian world."
Barham, Francis. Socrates, Trag., Lon., 1842. A
Key to Alism., 1S47. Trans, of Guizot's Syncretism and
Coalition. Other works, 1847-1851.
Barham, Henry. Hortus Amcricanus; containing an
Account of the Trees, Shrubs, and other Vegetable Produc-
tions of South America and the West India Islands, particu-
larly of the Island of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, 1794.
" Interspersfd with mauv curious and useful obseri-ations re-
specting their uses in mc-dicine. diet, and the arts. He gives a
particular description of the manufacture of indigo."
An Essay upon the Silk Worm, Lon., 1719. Con. to
Phil. Trans., 1718-1719.
Barham, J . F. On Use of Corn in Distilleries, 1808-10.
Barham, Richard Harris, 1788-1845, Rector of
St. Augustine's, and St. Faith, London, was better known
by the literary name of Thomas Ingoldsby. His Ingolds-
by Legends were contributed to Bentley's Miscellany, and
since collected in volumes. Of the First Series, a 6th ed.
was pub. in 1852 ; Second Series. 3d ed., 1842; Third Se-
ries, 2d ed., with Life of the Author, 1847. Mr. Barham,
during many years, contributed to a number of periodicals,
viz. : The Edinburgh Review, Blackwood's Magazine, The
Literary Gazette, Ac. His popular novel, My Cousin Ni-
cholas, was pub. in three vols.
Of his poetical pieces it is not too much to say, that for origi-
nality of design and diction, for quaint illustration and musical
verse, they are not surpassed in the English language. The
Witches Frolic is second only to Tarn OShantcr; and the- Hon. Mr.
Surklethumbkin's Story of the Execution is as satirical a reproof
of a Tile morbid appetite, as ever was couched in laughable mea-
sure. But why recapitulate the titles of either prose or verse,—
the lavs of dark ages belonging to the fables of St. Cuthbert, St
Alovs' St Dunstan, St. Nicholas. St. Odille. or St. Gengulphus.—
since they have been confessed bv every judgment to be singularly
rich in classic allusion and modern illustration. From the days
of Iludihras to our time, the drollery invested in rhymes has never
been so amplv or felicitously exemplified; and if derision has been
unsparingly applied, it has been to lash knavery and mipostme."
— Bcnth-i/'s Mi&cellaml.
Barham, T. F. Introduc. to Greek Grammar. 1829,
8vo. Unitarian Doctrine, 1835, Svo. Greek Roots in Eng.
Rhvmes. 1837, ISmo. ,...-,,,„ „
Sarins, Alex., Lord Ashburton, 1, ,4-1^48. On
the Orders in Council, Lon., 1808.
BAR
BAR
Baring, Charles, Peace in our Power, Lon., 1793.
Barins:, Sir Francis, 1740-1810. Commutation Act,
1785. Es"tablishmcnt of the Bank of England, &q., 1797.
On a Publication of Walter Boyd's, Esq.,'M.P., 1801.
Barker. Complete List of Plays, from the Commence-
ment of Theatrical Performances to 1803. To which ia
added. A Continuation of the Theatrical Remembrancer,
showing collectively each Author's Works, 1804.
Barker, Andrew. The Overthrow of Captain Ward
and Wansekcr, two Pirates, Lon.. 1609.
" Ba borne took the plot of A Christian turiVd Turk, from the
above." [I'ub. lf>12.] — Lowndes.
Barker, Charles. Sermons. Lon.. 1806-07.
Barker, Charles. Charity Sermon, Hull, 1825.
Barker, Edmund. Sermons, 1()()0-61.
Barker, Edmund. Trans, of Heister's Practice of
Physic, 1757.
Barker, Edmund Henry, 17SS-1839, entered Tri-
nity College, Cambrideie, in 1807. He was a contributor
to the Clussical Journal for twenty years.
" His first artirlr .'tpiM-an-d in No. 3, and nearly every succeed-
ing number exhibiftd fitln-r his sign manuab or else an anony-
mous ai'ticle that (.-arried with it internal evidence of his being
the author, from the numerous references to, and scarcely less nu-
merous extracts from, writers but little known: aud by a similar
test it is easy to trace his contributions to the British Critic, pre-
viously to its change from a monthly to a quarterly periodical,
and more recently in the pages of the Monthly Magazine during
the editorship of Mr. Reynolds." — Lo>2. Gent. Mig.
On leaving the University, al>out 1810. Mr. Barker took
up his residence with Dr. Parr, at ILitton, where he re-
mained for five years. Soon after the death of his learned
friend, he pub. Parriana, which is, with injustice, described
in the Lou. Monthly Review as " a metrical effusion of ig-
norance, vanity, and absolute imbecility." Whilst turn-
ing over rare classical tomes, in a true Dominie Sampson
spirit, in Dr. Parr's curious library, Mr. Barker conceived
the idea of preparing anew edition of Stephens's Thesau-
rus Lingua; Gra^cae; ''intending to introduce whatever
materials the lapse of two centuries and a quarter could
furnish for the improvement of the Greek Lexicography."
The editor engaged in this undertiiking with great zeal,
accumulated a large stock of materiel, paid pounds e.ach
for volumes, which, at the sale of his library, scarcely
brought shillings, and was encouraged by a list of 800
(Quarterly Review states 1100) subscribers. Vol. 1, Parts
I.-IV., appeared in 1815-1S18 ; and the classical enthu-
siast was prepared to wear his blushing honours with no
little delectation ; when, in an evil hour for our Hellenist.
Greek met Greek in a terrible charge in the Quarterly
Review, (vol. xxii. p. 302.) and if Demosthenes did not Qy
from Chajronea, the friends of the discomfited warrior
carried him away on their shields. Blomfield's " swashing
blow" was not fully met by the "Aristarchus Anti-Blom-
fieldianus," which has been called "telum imbelle sine
ictu."
Barker indeed was not silenced, as was Bentley by the
famous " Remarks" of Conyers Middleton ; but though
the Thesaurus with its cargo appeared, the colours of the
captain were not nailed to the mast. The name of the
owner only was blazoned on the craft. The work, how-
ever, "at last made its way through the press, and con-
sists of several ponderous folios, forming the most com-
plete lexicographical collection that ever yet has appeared.
This is, in fact, its principal merit j for in <lctuil it is liable
to much criticism."
This MAGNUM OPUS comprises no less than 11,752 pages
of double columns ! but, •' nihil sine labore, et labor ipse
voluptas" was so true of Barker, that
" When a friend once condoled with hira on the horrilile bore of
making the index, that had occupied three years in the composing
and printing, Mr. B. observed that they were the happiest years
of his life; for he had thus read again and again the Thesaurus,
which he should not have otherwise done." — Blrces.
Mr. Barker pub., in 1812, Classical and Biblical Recre-
ations, one volume only of which ever appeared. He
gave to the world editions of the Latin Esop, Ciesar, Ci-
cero, Tacitus, Demosthenes, and Xenophon, with English
Notes. He also edited a translation of Buttman's Greek
Grammar, and, in conjunction with Professor Dunbar, of
Edinburgh, pub. a Greek-English and English-Greek
Lexicon. He transmitted to Sturtz, Notes on the Etymo-
logicon Gudianum, which work the latter was editing.
These notes were considered by Barker evidences of his
skill in Greek lexicography. Ho also pub. a volume to
disprove the claims of Sir Philip Francis to the author-
ship of Junius's Letters. An English reprint of Professor
Anthon's American edition of Lempriere's Classical Dic-
tionary. A Letter to Rev. T. S. Ilughes. A reprint of
South's Sermons, &.c. An edition of an unpub. Greek au-
thor, Arcadiua de accentibus. He also edited (?) The
Toy-Shop ; The Picture Exhibition ; Juvenile Rambles
through the Paths of Nature ; Mrs. Brown's Crooked
Sixpence. There has been published lately (1852) Lite-
rary Anecdotes, and Contemporary Reminiscenses of Pro-
fessor Porson and others; from the MS. papers of Mr.
Barker, 2 vols., London. Tiiese volumes are before us.
They appear to be of the kind which we are contented to
"hope to read sometime," but do not feel impelled to de-
vour inatayiter.
For further particulars of our author, see memoir in
Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1839; and Preface to the Literary
Anecdotes cited above.
Barker, George. Sermons, 1697.
Barker, J. The Character and Tendencv of the
Christian Religion, on Rom. i. 17, ShefBeld, 1833.
Barker, James- Sermon on Col. iii. 12, 1061.
Barker, James N«, a native of Philadelphia, U. S.
America, has pub. Tears and Smiles, How to Try a Lover,
and other works. See a poem of Mr. B.'s, entitled Littk-
Red Riding Hood, in Griswold'a Poets aud Poetry of
America.
Barker, John. Sermon on John xvii. 20, 21, 16srj.
Barker, John. Treasury of Fortification, Lon., 1707.
Barker, Johu, M.D., d. 1748, at London, was author
of a work on the nature of the fevers which raged at
London in 1740—41; also of An Essay on the Agreement
between Ancient and Modern Physicians, &c., Lon., 1747.
In French, Amst., 1749. Paris, with notes by Lorry. 1767.
Barker, John, Sermons, 1720-64. An eminent
Presbyterian minister at Salter's Hall. He was uf-ually
styled the "Silver-tongued Barker," from his fascinating
delivery.
"His Sermons are composed in a natural and easy style; the
subjects are of a practical nature, and treated in a manner highly
judicious and evangelical." — Walter Wilson.
Barker, John. Medical Works, 1786-96.
Barker, Matthew. Natural Theology. Sermons, 1674.
Barker, Peter. Esps. on the Ten Commandments.
1624.
Barker, Ralph. Sermons on John xxi. 17. 1691.
Barker, Richard. Consilium Anti-Pestilentiale.1665.
Barker, Richard, Sermon on Gal. i. 10, 1707.
Barker, Robt,, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1736-77.
Barker, Robt. Con. to Phil. Trans., 17S5.
Barker, Robt. Medical work, Oxford, ISOl.
Barker, S. Providential Deliverances, 1S06.
Barker, Saml. Funeral of the Countess of Oxford ;
a Sermon on 1 Thess. iv. 13. 1702.
Barker, Saml. Poesis Vetus Hebraica restitutus,
Ac. 1761.
Barker, Thomas, 1721-1S09, son of the above, and
grandson of the celebrated William Whiston, pub. several
theological treatises, and contributed Meteorological Jour-
nals, {1761-9S,) and other papers, to the Phil. Trans..
1749-99. A Work on Baptism, 1771. The Messiah, 1780.
The Demoniacs in the Gospel, 1780. Whiston gives a
very high character to the father of our author:
" Nor is it easily possible for one man to he more obliged to ano-
ther than I and my family have long been to Mr. Earlier: May
God Almighty reward him for the same both in this and the next
world." — Wfnsfon^s Memoirs.
Barker, Thomas. Art of Angling, Lon., 1631. An
edit. 16o3, anon. In 1S20 the edit, of 1651 was reprinted
at Leeds, 1817. of which one copy was struck oflF in 4to.
Barker's Delight, or the Art of Angling. The 2d edit.,
much enlarged, Lon., 1657-59. Reprinted 1820, of which
four copies were printed on yellow paper, and one on vel-
lum.— Lowndes.
Barker, Thomas. Dr. Wells's Letter, &c., Lon.,
1706. Funeral Sermon on 1 Pet. iii. 4, 1712.
Barker, W. H. Grammar of the Hebrew Language,
1774. Hebrew and English Lexicon, 1812.
Barker, Barkam^^or Bercher, Wm. Trans, of
some theologicaljbistorical, &.c., works into English, Lon.,
1554-99.
Barker, \Vm. Pinnciples of Hair-dressing, 1785.
Barkham. See Barcham. John.
Barksdale, Clement, 1G09-16S7. entered as a ser-
vitor in Mcrton College, Oxford, in 1625. After pursuing
his studies with great assiduity he took holy orders, and
in 1637 supplied the place of chaplain of Lincoln College
at the church of All Saints. At the Restoration, Charles
XL gave him the living of Naunton near Hawling, in
Gloucestershire, which he retained until his death.
'■ lie was a go^id Disputant, a great admirer of Hugh Grotlus, a
frequent Preacher, but very conceited and vain, a great pretender
121
BAR
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to Poetry, and a 'Writer and Translater of several little Tracts,
most of whifh are meir Scribbles." — A. Wood.
Barksdale's work.? were pub. from time to time, 1640-79.
They are chiefly little religious tracts. Of others, the
principal are Nympha Libethris, or the Cotswold Muse;
preseutiug some extempore Verses tu the imitation of young
Scholars. In four parts, Lon., 1651. AVood takes care to
inform us that this book does uot refer to the *' Cotswold
Games." which for forty years were carried ou under the
superintendence of Robt. Dover :
" Endiiniou Portt^r, Esq., did to encourage Dover, pive him some
of the King's old Cloaths, with a Ilat and Feather and Ruff, pur-
posely to grace him. and consenueutly tho SoL^mnity. Dover was
constantly there in Person well mounted and accoutred, and was
the chief Director and Manay;er of those Games frequented by the
Nobility and Gentry, (some of whom came GO Miles to see them,)
even till the rascally Rebellion was began by the Presbyterians,
which gave a stop to their Proceedings, and spoiled all that was
generous or in|j;eninus elsewhere." — Athai. Ototi.
Life of Hugo Grotius, Lon., 16j2 : from MeursJs and
others. Hooker's Judicious Illustrations of Holy Scripture,
Lon., 1675.
Memorials of Worthy Persons. Two Becads, Lon., 1661.
The third Becad, Oxon., 1662. The fourth, Oson., 1663.
A Remembrance of Excellent Men, Lon., 1670.
" This, which goes for the fifth Decad. contains the character of
9 Divines and one Layman, taken and scribbled as the rest of the
Decads were, from the Sermons preached at their Funerals, their
Lives :indCharacters,occasionally given of them in Public Authors."
The Nympha Libethris is a very rare volume. A copy
in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet, is priced £20. See a description
of, and extracts from, this volume, by Mr. Park in the
Censura Literaria. A reprint, consisting of 10 copies, was
pub. in 1S16 by Sir E^erton Brydges.
Barkshire, Earl of. Publication of Guianas Plan-
tation, newly undertaken by the Earl of Barkshiro, Lon.,
162.3.
Barkstead, Wm., an actor temp. .Tames L The In-
satiate Countess [from Bandelln] which bears J. Marston's
name in some copies of the editions of 1613, 1631, has
been ascribed to Barkstead. (See Biog. Dramat. Voh ii.
Rose's Biog. Diet.) Myrrha, the Mother of Adonis, or
Lust's Prodigies, a Poem, Lou., 1607. Hircm, or the Fair
Greek, a Poem, Lon., 1611.
Barkwith, VV. Cases before Ld. Hardwick, Ac.
Barlace, G. Sketch of the Progress of Knowledge
in England, with notices of learned men, Lon., 1820, 4to.
Barlee. Doctrine of Predestination, 1658.
Barlee, Edward. Free and Explanatory Version
of the Epistles. Lon., 1837.
"The translator has taken great liberties with the authorized
versinn." — Lowndts.
Barley, Win. Martyrdomeof St. George, Lon., 1614.
Barlow, Edward. 1. Meteor. Essays. 2. The Tide,
Lon., 1710-17.
Barlow, Edward. Con. to Annals of Med., 1802.
Barlow, Frederic. English Peerage, Lon., 1773.
*'ln no estimation as a geneuloi^ical work." — Lowndes.
Barlow, J. The Loss of the Abergavenny; a Poem,
1805.
Barlow, Joel, 1755-1812, was a native of Reading,
Connecticut. He was first placed at Dartmouth College,
but returned to New Haven, where he graduated in 1778.
After a very insufficient preparation, he obtained a license
to preach, and joined the American army in the capacity
of chaplain. In 1783, when the army was disbanded.
Barlow threw aside his clerical character, and resumed
his law studies. He was not successful at the bar, and
was induced to visit Europe in 1788 as an agent of the
Scioto Company. At Paris he was a zealous adherent of
the Girondists. Whilst yet at Paris, in 1795, ho was ap-
pointed, by President Washington, consul to Algiers.
Returning to the French capital, he resumed some mer-
cantile operations in which ho had previously been en-
gaged. His enterprise was rewarded by a handsome for-
tune. After 17 3'ears* absence he returned to America in
1805, and purchased a house in Washington, where he
took up his residence. In 1811 he was appointed minister
plenipotentiary to the French government. His negotia-
tions at Paris for a commercial treaty, and indemnification
for spoliation, were not successful. lu the autumn of 1812
he received an invitation to a conference with Napoleon
at Wilua, in Poland. Whilst on his journey, his progress
was arrested by au attack of inflammation of the lungs,
of which he died at Zarnowitch, a small village near Cra-
cow. Barlow's first literary x>roduction. a poem written in
1778, may be found in a volume entitled American Poems,
pub. at Litchfield in 1793. In 1791, when made Master
of Arts, he recited a poem called The Prospect of Peace,
which was subsetiueutly merged in The Columbiad. The
germ of this epic. The Vision of Columbus, was pub. in
1787. His next literary employment was editing Watts's
Version of the Psalms, pub. in 1786. He was concerned
about this time in a weekly paper, a book store, and in
contributing to the Anarchiad. In 1791 he pub. in Lon-
don the first part of his Advice to the Privileged Orders.
Part II. appeared in 1795. In 1792 he gave to the public
The Conspiracy of Kings, a poem of about 4UU linos.
Whilst at Chambery, in Savoy, he wrote The Hasty Pud-
ding, the most popular of his poems.
"This is a very pleasing performance. . . . His versification is
successfully modelled npon that of Goldsmith ; ht- has interspersed
the poem with several ludicrous parodies ou the most popular pas-
sabres of ICnjiHsh poetry, and his subject naturally presented him
with many imae:es and views of life, whirh, if not in themsolvi-s
highly poetical, have, at least, all the fresh bloom and fragrance
of untried novelty.'" — AnaUctic M^igazine.
We should not omit to mention BarIow*s zealous at-
tempts to establish a great national academy under tho
patronage of the federal government. In 1806 he drew
up a prospectus of a national institution. Mr. Logan, of
Pennsylvania, introduced a bill into the Senate of the
United States, and it passed to a ^econd reading. It was
referred to a committee who never reported, and the pro-
ject came to nothing.
In 1808 The Columbiad made its appearance in the most
magnificent volume which had ever been pub. in America.
The engravings were executed in London. A few copies
were sold, but the high price was an obstacle to circula-
tion. A cheaper edition was issued in 1809; and in the
same year it was pub. in London by Philips. The Colum-
biad is composed of a number of visions, in which Hesper,
the genius of the western Continent, presents to Columbus,
whilst immured in prison at Valladolid, " that which shall
be hereafter." Tho War of the Revolution, the events
which are to precede, and those which are to follow, form
part of the vast materiel of this epic.
" This pwm has a radical defect of plan, which it would have
been difficult for any degree of poetical genius to have completely
overcome. It is the narrative of a vision and a dialogue, conti-
nued through ten cantos, and nearly 7000 lines. Its time of ac-
tion extends from a remote period of antiquity to distant futurity,
and the scene shifts, with the rapidity of a pantomime, from ono
part of the globe to another. It has no regularly connected nar-
ration, or series of action, by whii.-h characters might Tje developed,
interest excited, and the attentiipn kept alive. Besides, the con-
stant mixture of real ami familiar bi--fory with allegory and fic-
tion, is a combination utterly disfructive of tliat temporary illu-
sion by which we are led to iulcrtst ourselves in the adventures
of an epic hero. . . . His verses bear no signs of poetical inspira-
tion ; it is evident that they have all been worked by dint of reso-
lute labour." — Analectic Mug., vol. iv.
The faults, both of plan and execution, of tho Colum-
biad, "were remarked npon, with their usual severity, by
the Edinburgh reviewers, as well as several other critical
journals of this country and of Great Britain." Barlow
bore these attacks without making any formal defence,
yet with less dignity than became a philosopher, attribut-
ing them all to political enmity, and, like Sir Fretful Pla-
giary in the play, often expressing his utter contempt and
disregard of all his assailants.
'' In sketching the history of America from the days of Manco
Capac down to the present day, and a few thousand years lower,
the author, of course, cannot spare time to make us acquainted
with any one individual. The most important personages, there-
fore, appear but once upon the scene, and then pass away and are
forgotten. Mr. Barlow's exhibition accordingly partakes more of
thenature of a procession, than of a drama. I^iver gods, sachems,
majors of militia, all enter at one side of his stage, and go off at
the other, never to return. Rocha and Oella take up as much
room as Greene and Washington; and the rivers Potowni.ak and
Delaware, those fluent and venerable personages, both act and
talk a great deal more than Jefferson or Franklin." — Loan Jef-
FRET : Edinburgh Review. See Olmstead, Rev. Lemuel G.
Barlow, John, became a student of Hart Hall, Oxf.,
in 1600. He pub. a number of sermons, (ri't/eAthen. Oxon.,)
1018-32.
Barlow, Peter, b. 1776, at Norwich, an eminent ma-
thematician, although he had only the advantages of a
common-school education. In 1806, he was appointed
one of the mathematical masters in the Koyal Military
Academy at Woolwich, and filled the chair until 1847,
when ho resigned. 1. Elementary Investigation of tho
Theory of Numbers. 1811, Svo. 2. New Mathematical
Tables, 1S14. 3. Mathematical and Philosophical Dic-
tionary, 1814. 4. Essay on Strength of Timber and other
Materials, Svn. 5. Magnetic Attractions, 1820, 8vo, 6.
Treatise on tho Manufactures, <tc. of Great Britain, 4to.
7. Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots, Ac. ; new ed.,
1S43, Svo. Con. to Nie. Jour., 1802-09-10. Mr. Barlow
is a Fellow of Ast. Soc. Mem. Acad, at St. Petersburg,
Brussels, and Paris.
BAR
BAR
BarloWj R. A Philosophizing Spirit, Ac. ; a Sermon,
1S08.
Baiiow, Sir Robt. On the E. India Company, 1813.
Barloiv, Stephen, History of Ireland, 1813-14.
Barlow, Theodore. Justice of Peace, Lon., 1745.
Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1091, descended from the
ancient family of Barlow-moore in Lancashire, was born
at Langhill, in Westmoreland. In his 16th year he was
entered of Queen's College, Oxfurd, and in 1633 was chosen
Fellow of his College. Two years later he received the
appointment of metaphysic-reader in the University. His
lectures wore highly commended, and were pub. in 1637-38.
In 1652 he was elected keeper of the Budleian Library,
and in 1657 was chosen provost of his college, succeeding
Dr. Laugbaine. On the death of Bishop Fuller he was
consecrated his successor in the see of Lincoln. He was
a voluminous writer. Among his principal wurks are the
following: A Letter on Redemption, 1651. For Toleration
of the Jews, 1660. Mr. Cottingtou's Case of Divorce. 1671.
Confutation of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome,
1673. The Gunpowder Treason, 1679. Against Popery,
1679. Quiucii Coruelii Europa-i Monarchia SuUpossorum,
1680. Several Treatises relative to Dissenters, and the
Church of Rome, 1676-88. He left directions that none
of his MSS. should be printed after his death ; neverthe-
less Sir Peter Pett pub. his Cases of Conscience in 1692,
and Genuine Remains of Bishop Barlow in 1693. On the
latter work Henry Brougham pub. Reflections in 1694:
the list of books was pub. separately by ^\'. Ofllcy in 1699.
'■ There are many valuable hints iu the Hemains." — Bickersteth.
Among them was Directions for the Choice of Books in
the Study of Divinity, which was pub. from MSS. by Offley
in 1699 ; this latter edition is more correct than the pre-
vious one.
"This, as likewise Bp-Wilkius'sEcelesiastes. (9th ect. pub. 1718,)
contains much valuable information respectiug older books of di-
vinity."— Lowndes.
Two Letters of Bp. Barlow's on Justification were repub.
in 1826.
" In these excellent letters the Bishop ably establishes the doc-
trines of the Reformation."
" A powerful polemical defence of the Doctrine. See Carlisle's
Old Doctrine of Faith, 1823, and Essay on the extent of human
and Divine Agency in producing Faith, Edinburgh, 1827." — BiCK-
ERSTETH.
"If the Reader wishes to see this subject treated with a degree
of closeness of reasoning and logical accuracy ■which defies confuta-
tion, he will do well to peruse these Letters." — Archdeacon Browne.
Wood quotes a florid commendation of our author by
Arthur, Earl of Anglesey.
*' I never think of this Bishop, and of his incomparable know-
ledge both in Theology and Church History, and in the Ecclesias-
tical Law, without applying to him in my Thoughts, the Cha-
racter that Cicero gave Crassus, viz.: N'm unus e muUis, sed tmus
infer ovines, propi singidaris.'' — Memoirs.
Barlow, or Barlowe, William, d. lo6S, was be-
fore the Reformation a monk in the Augustine Monastery
of St. Osith in Essex, and was educated there, and at Ox-
ford. It is a very remarkable fact that he was succes-
sively bishop of four sees, viz.: 1. St. Asaph; 2. St.
David's; 3. Bath and Wells; 4. Chichester; and was
father-in-law to four bishops, and one archbishop, viz. :
the bishops of. 1. Hereford. 2. Winchester. (Day.) 3. Licb-
field and Coventry. 4. Winchester, (Wiekham.) 5. Arch-
bishop of York. (The five daughters were all by one wife,
Agatha AVcllcsbourue.) So that our author was not with-
out *'benetit of Clergy." He wrote Christian Homilies,
Cosmography, (?) The Buriall of the Mass, Lutheran Fac-
tions, (?) Lon., lo53, 2d ed. He assisted in the compila-
tion of The trodly and Pious Institution of a Christian
Man, commonly called The Bishop's Book. Lou., 1537.
He is said to have trans, into English, in Edward VI. 's
reign, The Apocrypha as far as the Book of Wisdom.
There is in Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation,
His Answers to certain Queries concerning the Abuses of
the Mass.
'■In 1553. upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown, he was de-
prived of bis Bishoprick [Bath and Wellsj for being ULirried; com-
mitted for some time to the Fleet, whence escaping, he retired with
many others into Germany under pretence of Religion, and lived
there in a poor and exile condition." — A. Wood.
He was noted for his propensity to levity and jesting.
Archbishop Cranmer would sometimes say at the conclu-
sion of a long debate,
" This is all very true : but my brother Barlowe, in half an hour,
will teach the world to believe it is but a jest." See Strype's
Cranmer, Parker. Annals., Biog. Brit., Harrington's Brief View.
Barlow, William, d. 1613. successively Bishop of
Rochester and Lincoln, was a native of Lancashire. He
was a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Chaplain
to Queen Elizabeth and to Archbishop Whitgift. In 1605
he was elected Bishop of Rochester, and in lOUS was trans-
; lated to Lincoln. His principal works are Defence of the
Articles of the Protestant Religion aguinst a Certain Libel,
Lon., 1001; Authentic Relation of the Famous Conference
between Archbishop Whitgift and the Puritans, held at
Hampton Court, Jan. 14, 15, 16, ltJ03, before King James I.,
Lon., 1004. He trans, three Sermons from Lavater, Lou.,
! 1596, and pub. a Life of Dr. Richard Cosin, an eminent
i civilian, with whom he hud lived in his youth. See Ilas-
sted's Kent, vol. ii., and Willis's Cathedrals. He was re-
1 puted :i learned and excellent ]ireacher.
I Barlow, or Barlowe, M illiam, d. 1625, a divine
I and an eminent mathematiciau, was the son of William
j Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, &c. — (See ante.) He en-
j tered a commoner at Baliol College, Oxford, in 1560;
! B. A., 1564; about which time he went to sea, where ho
acquired a considerable kuuwledgc of navigation, which
( he put to profitable use in his writings. About 1573 he
took holy orders, and in 15SS became prebendary of Lich-
field. He deserves commendation as a practical philoso-
, pher, and acute observer in the department which engaged
his attention. He wrote several works on his favourite
subjects.
The Navigator's Supply, Lon., 1597.
"This booke was written by a bishop's sonne,
And by affinity to many bishops kinue:"'
We have seen [Barlow Bp. William, ante] that he had
five episcopal brothers-in-law.
'• CVmsiderinp the period at which it was written, this is certainly
a most extraordinary product inn,"
IVIagnetical Advertisement, concerning the Nature and
Properties of the Loadstone, Lon., 1616 ; A Brief Discovery
of the Idle Animadversions of Mark Ridley, M.D., upon
a Treatise entitled Magnetical Advertisement, Lon., 1018.
" This was the person who had knowledge in the ]Mac:net 20
years before Dr. Will Gilbert published his Book of that subject,
and therefore by those that knew him, he was accounted supt-iior,
or at least equal to that Doctor for an industrious and bajipy
searcher and finder out of many rare and magnetical secrets. Ue
was the first that made the incliuatory instrument transpjirent,
i and to be used pendant, with a j^lass on both sides and ling on
' the top, whereas Dr. Gilbert's hath it but of one side, and to be set
j on a foot. And moreover, he hang'd it in a Compass-box. where
I with two ounces weight, it was fit for use at sea. Secondly, ho
was the first that found out and shewed the difference between
I Iron and J^teel, and their tempers for Magnetical I'ses. which
bath given life and quickening, univers-ally to all M;f_nu'iir;il In-
' struments whatsoever. Thirdly, he was the first that :^b^>^^L■d the
' right way of touching Magnetical Needles. Fourthly, he was the
I first that found out and showed the piercing and cementing of
! Loadstones. And lastly, the first that showed the reasons why a
I Loadstone being double capped, must take up so great weight." —
I At/ien. Oxaii.; also see Uutton's Mathematical Dictionary.
I As the first English writer on the nature and properties
, of the magnet, and the inventor of the compass-box, as
now used at sea. Barlow's name should ever be held in
' high esteem, not only by those "who go down to the sea
: in ships and occupy their business in the great waters,"
but by all who are in any way interested — and who can
be excepted? — in the profitable uses of navigation.
Barlow, William. 1. A Treatise. 2. A Sermon,
Lon., 1690.
Barlow, Mllliam- Con. to Phil, Trans., 17^0-41.
Barlow, M'illiam. Theory of Numbers. Lon., 1811.
Bariiaby, A, Proposals lor Duty on Malt, 1696.
Barnaril, Lady Aune, 1750-1S25, was the daughter
of James Lindsay, fifth Earl of Balcarras, and wife to Sir
Andrew Barnard, librarian to George III. She was au-
thoress of the well-known ballad, Auld Robin Gray; the
authorship of which was kept a secret for more than fifty
years. In 1823, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott, La<ly
Barnard acknowledges the ballad as her own. and gives
an interesting account of the circumstances attending its
production. Captain HaU tells us that during a visit to
Abbotsford in 1825,
"Sir Walter entertained us much by an account of the origin
of the beautiftil song of 'Auld Robin Gray.' 'It was written,' he
said, 'by Lady Anne Lindsay, now Lady Anne Hansard. She
happened to be at a house where she met Miss .Suff Johnson, a
well-known person, who played the air. and accompanied it by
words of no great delicacy, whatever their antiquity mieht be;
and Lady Anne, lamenting that no better words should belung to
such a melody, immediately set to work, and or-mposed this very
pathetic story. Truth. I am sorry to say, obliges me to add that
it was a fiction. Kobin Gray was her father's gardener, and the
idea of the young lover going to sea, which would have been quite
out of character here amongst the shepherds, was natural enough
where she was then residing, on the coast of Fife. It was long
unknown who the author was: and indeed there was a clergyman
on the coast whose conscience was so large that he took the burden
of this matter upon himself, and plead guilty to the authorship.
j About two years ago I wrote to Lady Anne to know the truth,
and she wrote back to say she was certainly the author, but won-
dered how I could have guessed it. as there was no person alive to
whom she had told it. "When I mentioned having heard it long
1 ago from a common friend who was dead, she then recollected mo.
BAR
and wrote me one of the kindest letters I ever received, sajing she
h;id till now not the smallest idea that I was the little laine boy
she had known so many years before.'"
In 1825, Sir Walter Scott edited for the Bannat jne Club
a tract containing a corrected version of the original bal-
ladj and two continuations by the authoress.
Barnard, Mrs. Caroline. A Parent's Offspring:
or Tales for Children, 1812, 2 vols. 12iuo.
" In these tales, our youn^ ivadL-is will find considerable variety
and intijrest. toirether with some humour, and a good moral ten-
d 'ncy." — Lou. Mmthli/ Review.
Barnard, Edward, 1721-1774, minister at Haver-
hill, Massachusetts, was an excellent scholar, and a highly
esteemed preacher and minister. He pub. sermons, &.C.,
1754, '65, 73.
Barnard, Francis. Funl.serm. on Mrs. Fularton, 1735.
Barnard, Frederick A. P., LL.D.. b. 1809. Shef-
field, Mass., graduated at Yale College. 1828; in 18.S1-33,
instructor in the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb
at Hartford; in 1833-38, tuto'r in the N. Y. Inst, for Deaf
and Dumb; in 1848-54, Prof, of Nat. Philos., Math., and
afterwards Chemistry, in the Univ. of Alabama; in 1S56,
Prest. Univ. of Mississippi. 1. Treatise on Arithmetic,
1830, 2. Grammar. 1834. 3. Letters on College Govern-
ment, and the Evils inseparable from the American College
System in its Present Form. 1S55.
" This is a work of extraordinary ability, and hag excited the at-
tention of the ablest minds in the country." — ApphtorCs Ntw
Amer. Cyc.
Barnard, Henry, b. at Hartford, Connecticut, ISll ;
graduated at Yale College in 1830 ; received the degree of
LL.D. from Yale College in 1852, from Union College in
1852, and from Harvard College in 1853. Mr. B. is well
known for his laborious efforts and many publications on
behalf of the system of Public Schools. We have before
us a list of no less than twenty-eight documents, reports,
(fee., for which the country is indebted to this public bene-
factor. Such men are worthy of all honour. I. School
Architecture; 5th ed., 1854, N. York, pp. 464. 2. Practical
Hlustrations of School Architecture, pp. 175. 3. Normal
Schools in the United States, pp. 215. 4. Normal Schools
in the U. States and Europe, pp. 670. 5. National Educa-
tion in Europe, pp. 890. This work should accompany
Prof. A. D. Bache's Education in Europe. 6. Reports on
Common Schools in Connecticut from 1838 to 1S42. 7. Do.,
1850-51-52. 8. History of Education in Connecticut from
1638 to 1854, pp. 600, 9. Report on Public Schools in
Rhode Island, 1845 and *48. 10. Documentary History
of Public Schools in Providence, pp. 96. 11. Education
and Employment of Children in Factories, pp. 84. 12.
Connecticut Common School Journal, 1838-42, 4 vols,
13. Rhode Island Journal of Instruction, 1845-49, 3 toIs.
14. Discourses on Life and Character of T. H. Gallaudet,
pp. 60. 15. Tribute to Doctor Gallaudet, with History of
the American Asylum, pp. 268. 16. Hints and Methods
for the Use of Teachers, pp. 128. 17. Life of Ezekiel
Cheever, and Notes on the Free Schools of New England.
15. American Journal of Education, 1856-57, 4 vols.
" Dr. Biirnard. by bis writing on school -architecture, has created
a now department in educational literature." — Dr. Vogel, Leipzig.
"I cannot omit this opportunity of recommending the reports
which have emanated from this source, aa rich in important sug-
gestions, and full of the most sound and practical views in regard
to the whole sulyect of echool-oducation." — Bisnop Alonzo Potter,
in the School and Schoolmaster, p. 159, 1S42.
'•The several reports of Henry Barnard, Esq., Secretary of the
Board of Education. — the most able. eflBcient, and best-informed
officer that could, perhaps, be engaged in the service. — contain a
digest of the fullest and most valuable importance that is readily
to be obtained on the subject of common schools, both in Europe
and the United States. I can only refer to these documents with
the highest opinion of their merits and value." — Kent's C'om-
mentariea. 5th ed., vol. ii. 196.
"Mr. Barnard, in his work on 'National Education in Europe,'
has collected and arranged more valuable information and statistics
than can be found in any one volume in the English language. It
groups under one view the varied experience of nearly all civilized
countries." — Westminster Review, Jan. 18.54.
Barnard, James. The Divinity of Christ demon-
Btrated from Holy Scripture, and frnm the Doctrine of the
Primitive Church, in a Series of Letters addressed to the
Rev. Joseph Priestley, in answer to his Letters addressed
totheRev. Dr. Geddes,Lon.;1789. SeeHoRSLEY,SAMUEL;
Priestlky, Joseth.
Barnard, or Bernard, John, d. 1683, an English
divine, was first of Cambridge, but removed himself to
Oxford. By the visitors deputed by Parliament, he was
in 1648 made Fellow of Lincoln College. Afterwards
marrying a daughter of Dr. Peter Heylyn, he became rec-
tor of Waddington in Lincolnshire.
" In IfifiO he took the decrees in Divinity, Tieing then in some
repute in his country for his learning aud orthodox principIeB."
V2i
BAR
Censura Cleri, against scandalous ministers, not fit to bo
restored to the Church's livings, in point of prudence, piety,
and fame, Lon., 1660; in 3 sheets.
"His name is not set to this Pamphlet, and he did not careafter-
w.irds- when he saw how the event proved, to be known that he
was the .author." — Wood.
Theolngo-historicus, or the true life of the most reverend
divine, and excellent historian, Peter Heylyn, D.D., Lon.,
1683,
" Published, as the author pretended, to correct the errors, sup.
ply the defects, and confute the calumnies of a late writer, viz:
(jeorge Vernon, who had before published the said doctor's life."
To this work is added, An Answer to Mr. Baxter's false
accusation of Mr. Heylyn. He also pub. a Catechism for
the use of his parish.
Barnard, or Bernard, John, Enlarged Bohun's
Geog. Dictionary, Lon., 1693, fol. and wrote some politi-
cal pieces.
Barnard, John, 1681-1770, minister in Marblehead,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was a man of
great sagacity in temporal affairs, and by his judicious
advice, greatly improved the commercial wealth and ship-
ping interest of Marblehead. As a minister, he was emi-
nent for his learning and piety, and zealous devotion to
his duties. He pub. a number of sermons, and other
theological treatises, 1717, '24, '2.^, '27, '31, '34, '38, '42,
'46, '47, '50, '52, '56, '61, '62. A Proof of Jesus Christ's
being the Mes.=iah : the first published Dudleiau Lecture,
1756: A Vei'sion of the Psalms, about 1751 : A Letter to
Pres. Stiles, pub. in the Massachusetts Hist. Collections.
Barnard, John, 1690-1758, minister in Andover,
Massachusetts. He pub. a discourse on the earthquake;
to a society of young menj on sinful mirth, 1728 j election
sermon, 1746.
Barnard, Sir John, 1685-1764, Lord Mayor of the
city of London, and its representative in parliament for
nearly forty years. 1. A Defence of Seven Proposals for
raising of Three Millions. Ac, Lon., 1716. 2. Reducing
the Interest on the National Debt, 1749: anon. Another
treatise has been ascribed to Sir John.
Barnard, Jon. Assize Sermon, Ps. cxxvii., 1707.
Barnard, Jon. Sermons, 1727. One do., 1742.
Barnard, Hon. Richard Boyle, M.P. Tour
through some parts of France, Switzerland, Savoy, Ger-
many, and Belgium, 1815.
Barnard, S. Sermon, Amos iii. 3, Hull, 1789.
Barnard, Thomas. Sermons, &c., 1710, '18, *42.
Barnard, Thomas, 1714-1776, minister in Salem,
MaFsacbusetts, was the son of the preceding. He pub.
sermons, 174.3, '57, '58. '62, '63, '68.
Barnard, Thomas, 1748-1814, minister in Salem,
Massachusetts, pub. sermons, 1786, (at the ordination of
A. Baueroft.) 'SO, 'Ito, "94, "95, '96, 1803, "06.
Barnard, Mm., Bjp.of Derry. Serm. Matt. iii. 9, 1752.
Barnard, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1773-80.
Barnard is sometimes written Bernard, q. i\
Barnardiston, J., Master of Corpus Christi College.
Serm. i)reached before the House of Commons, Matt. xsii.
21, 1766.
Barnardiston, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the
High Court of Chancery, 13 and 14 Geo. II., from April
25, 1740, to May 9, 1741; folio, Lon., 1742. Respecting
the merits of these reports there has been a wide differ-
ence of opinion. Lord Mansfield, who knew the reporter,
and was at the b.ar when the reports were taken, consi-
dered them as lacking authority, and went so far as to for-
bid counsel to refer to them in arguing cases before him.
We find the following anecdote in Marvin's Legal Bibl.
"Mr. Preston, in an arjiument before the Lord Chancellor, re-
marked,— ' We come now, my lord, to the important case of Eliot
I'. Merryman, on which conveyancers have at all times relied as
very material to the law affecting the case now before the court,
which is in Barnardiston's Reports.' Lord Lyndhurst: ' Barnardis-
ton, Mr. Preston! I fear th.at is a book of no ^reat authority ; I
recollect, in my younger days, it was said of Barnardiston, that
be w.as accustomed to slumber over his note-book, and the wags
in his rear took the opportunity of scribbling nonsense into it.'
Mr. Preston : ' There are some cases in Barnardiston, which in my
experience, and having had frequent occasion to compare that re-
porter's cases with the same cases elsewhere, I have found to be
the only sensible and intelligible reports, and I trust I shall show
your lordship that it may be said of Barnardiston, no7i ovmibtis
dormio.' Lord Manners, relying on a case in these reports, says :
' Although Barnardiston is not considered a very correct reporter,
yet some of his cases are very accurately reported.' And Lord
Eldon. in reference to the same work, observed. ' I take the liberty
of saying, that in that book there are reports of very great autho-
rity.'" The doubts as to the accuracy of the reporter, have led, in
several instances, to a comparison of the volumes with the regis-
ter's book, which proves that Barnardiston. for the most part, has
correctly reported the decisions of the Court. These reports have
a peculiar value, from th.- f;irt of containing the decisions of the
great Lord Hardwicke; and if the author has occasionally ikUen
BAR
f into slight errors, they are n^'Uher so glaring, or numerous, as to
I detract much from their merits, or rendo- them unworthy of a
place in every lawyer's lihrary."
Reports of Cases in the Court of King's Bench, &c., from
1726-31. 2 vols, folio, Lon., 1744. Frequently condemned,
and yet often cited. Tiie accuracy of some of the reports
is proved by a comparison with other reporters.
" Not of much authority in general." — Lord Kenton. See "Wal-
lace's Report*?rs; Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Barnby, Mrs. Novels, 1803, '4, '8.
Barne, Miles. Sermon.s, 1670, '75, '82, '83, '84.
Bariie,Thos. Serm. at Paul's Crosse,1591. Oxf.,1591.
Barnes, Major . Tour through St. Helena, 1817.
Barnes, Albert, b. 1798, is a native of Rome, New
York. In 1817 he entered FairBeld Academy, Connecti-
cut, where he remained nearly three years. In 1819 he
entered the senior class of Hamilton College, and gradu-
ated in July, 1820. He had intended devoting himself to
the practice of the law, but was led by convictions of duty
to prepare for the ministry. He pursued his theological
studies at the Princeton Seminary. He was licensed April
23, 1823, at Lawrenceville, New Jersey, by the Presbytery
of Elizabethtown. After preaching at various places in
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, he took
charge of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown,
New Jersey. In 1839 he received a call from the First Pres-
byterian Church in Philadelphia, and was installed June 25,
1830, and still continues pastor of that congregation, (1858.)
"The particulars of the ecclesiastical experience of this
eminently useful and highly esteemed gentleman it does
not come within our province to notice.
In this country and iu Great Britain, Mr. Barnes (for
he h.as repeatedly refused the title of D.D. from conscien-
tious motives) is widely known for his commentaries on
the books of the New Testament, (pub. at intervals, in
eleven volumes,) on Job, Isaiah, and Daniel. The notes
upon the New Testament have been very extensively cir-
culated among Sunday-school teachers, aud others, and
form one of the most useful instrumentalities in the Scrip-
tural education of the young. With the doctrinal views
of the author we have here nothing to do : it is however
but justice to others to remark that many of the eminent
gentlemen whose favourable opinions of Mr. Barnes we
shall quote below, do not coincide with his views in seve-
ral important points.
" Mr. Barnes's style is plain, simple, and direct ; and though bis
pages teem with the malerid of deep scholarship, yet he is. for the
most part, eminently happy in making himself intelligible and
interesting to every class; while the rich practical remarks, every
now .and then grafted upon the critical details, transfuse the de-
votional spirit of the writer into the bosom of his reader." — Amer
Biblical Repontory.
"We here have a work [Notes on the Epistle to the Romans]
better calculated, probably, than any other single volume that
could be named, to furnish a correct and competent acquaintance
with that important part of .Scripture of which it treats,— and one
that m.ay be .safely recommended to all classes, not only on this
particular ground, but also on its general merits a,s a manual of
Christian doctrines and of Christian ethics— of expeiimental and
practical godliness. We should like to see it iu the hands of all
our young people." — CungregntionaJ Magazine.
Of the same work the Rev. James Hamilton remarks :
"Judging from that specimen I cannot but rejoice in the popu-
larity and extensive circulation of the work. [The Notes on the
New Testament.] The notes are simple, direct, and s.atisfactory ;
the production of a mind clear, fresh, and furnished with abun-
dant learnmg, which is not ostentatious of itself."
The late very distinguished divine, Rev. J. Pye Smith,
D.D., remarks :
"Of Barnes's Notes on the New Testament. I pmchased, as they
arrived, the volumes of the New York edition."
" The Notes of Albert Barnes, practical and explanatory, on the
New Testament, possess great excellence. They give within a
short compass the results of extensive reading and of much
thought: and they generally bring out the sense'of the text with
clearness .and force."— iJcr. William Lindesay, D.D., Prof. Bib Criti-
cism. U. P. Si/nod.
" Barnes has many excellencies as a comment.ator. His indus-
try IS great, and he has made a free but not unfair use of all avail-
able sources of information. Possessed natiu-allv of a clear and
vigorous underst.anding, his opinions are uniformly expressed in
a brief, perspicuous manner. He has a singular iacility in draw-
ing practical conclusions from the doctrinal statements and his-
torical incidents of the Scripture. They are distinguished by good
sense and piety; they are natural without being obvious: and
often so stnkmg and pointed as to p.artake of the character of
ongmahty. —Bcv. A. McMiclmd, Prof, of Ecdes. Hist. U. P. Synod
" I have perused a considerable portion of Barnes's Notes on the
New Testament to ascertain their suitableness for the use of Sal^
bath-school teachers, and for the instruction of the young in fa-
milies. These notes are neither very learned nor very profound ■
but they are characterized by good sense, earnest piety, and the
natural graces of a style remarkable for its simplicity and ease "—
ICev. W. it. Hdherinritnn, LL.D.. Fm .St. Paul's. Elinburgh.
•• Barnes is so well known in this country .as a commentator who
tombines some of the most important qualifications for the work
BAR
he has undert.aken, that he needs no further recommendation. I
know no guide to the understanding of the sacred oracles more
trustworthy. With respectable biblical scholarship, there is con-
nected so much of evangelical sentiment, and genuine spiritu-
ality of mind, that I earnestly wish the work were in the hands
of all persons who .are engaged as missionaries or teachers of the
young." — Pev. Wdliani Brock, Bloomsbury, Lmidtm.
" I consider Barnes's Notes on the New Testament to be one of
the most vahi.able boons bestowed in these latter days on the
Church of Christ. The perspicuous and forcible manner in which
he presents the sense of Scripture, and the decidedly practical
hearing with which he universally invests his expositions, cannot
fail to recommend the work to all persons of enlightened and
vigorous piety." — Rev. E. Henderson, D.D., London.
"Barnes's Notes on the New Testament are entitled to recom-
mendation for their general simplicity and practical usefulness.
They are of such a description that they may be read with interest
: and profit by all."— ijcf. Alex. HiU, D.D., Prof, of Divinity m the
I University of Glasgow.
I " There are some peculiar excellencies in Barnes, and these are
such, and so important, as to give his book special claims on our
attention and gratitude. The clearness and simplicity of his ex-
position, his devotional spirit, and his practical remarks, greatly
' enhance his commentary." — Rev. Janes Morgan, D.D., Belfast.
_ " Ilis style is gener.ally plain and perspicuous, but where occa-
sion offers, energetic and effective." — Rev. H. Coole, D.D., LL.D
Belfast.
" The primary design of B.arnes's Commentary on the New Tes-
tament, is to furnish Sunday-school teachers with a plain and
simple explanation of the more common difficulties of the book
which it is their province to teach. For this purpose it is admi-
rably adapted : and if it be carefully perused by the interesting
class of benefectors for whose advantage it is immediately in-
tended, it cannot fail, under the divine blessing, greatly to ad-
vance their efficiency and usefulness." — Rev. David King, LL.D.,
United Presb. Church, Glasgow.
The above opinions, which are all connected with com-
mendations of Blackie & Son's (Glasgow, Edin., and Lon.)
edition, with supplementary notes, are the more to be
prized, as each one of the divines cited objects to some of
Mr. Barnes's doctrinal views. The supplementary notes
are intended, and by these gentlemen accepted, as correct-
ives to this real or supposed want of soundness in the faith.
We subjoin an expression of opinion from a very distin-
guished authority :
" Barnes is an admirable commentator. The e.ase and vigour of
his style: the clear and natural manner in which he elicits the
sen.se of the text: the point, varietv, and impressiveness of his
practical reflections, and the evangelical .spirit which pervades the
whole, combine to render him deservedly popular."— ii'«i. John
Ha7'ris. D.D.. Author of Mammon, dc.
" Mr. Barnes has attained to .iust celebrity both in .America and
England, as a sound and judicious expositor of Holy Scripture.
His comments on Isaiah, on the Gospels, on the Acts of the Apos-
tles, and on the Epistle to the Romans, have all enhanced his
credit as 'a scribe well instructed in the mysteries of the king-
dom.' As an interpreter of the word of God, he is remark.ably free
from vague hypothesis and hazardous speculation." — Lon. Ev. M.
The sale of the eleven vols, of Notes on the New Testa-
ment is said to have reached nearly 400,000 vols, up to
1856. Inquiry into the Scriptural Views of Slavery, 1 2mo :
new ed., 1857. Manual of Prayers. 12mo. Sermons on
Revivals, 12mo. The Way of Salvation, 12mo. Practical
Sermons designed for Vacant Congregations, 12mo. The
Church and Slavery, 1857, 12mo. Prayers adapted to Family
Worship; now ed., 1858, 12mo. Miscellaneous Essays and
Reviews, N. York, 1855, 2 vols. 12mo. The Atonement, in
it.s Relations to Law and Moral Government, 1859, 12mo.
Barnes, Barnaby, b. about 1569, was younger son
to Dr. Barnes, Ei.=hop of Durham. He became a student
of Brasenose College in 1586, and left without a degree.
In 1591, according to Dr. Bliss. (Athen. Oxon., edit. 1816,)
he accompanied the Earl of Essex info France. He re-
lieved his military duties by writing sonnets, Ac.
Parthenophil and Parthenope. Sonnettcs, Madrigals,
Elegies, and Odes. The Printer's Address is dated May,
1593 ; see an account of this volume in Beloe's Anecdotes,
vol. ii. pp. 77-79. Many of the Sonnettes are inscribed to
Henry, Earl of Southampton ; the most vertuous, learned,
and bewtifull Ladie Marie, Countesse of Pembrooke; to
the right vertuous and most bewtifull, the Lady Strangue.
The Lady Brigett M.anners, Ac. Neither Wood nor Watt
seem to hiive known any thing of this book. A copy in
the Bib. Anglo-Poet, is priced £30. The opening sonnet
is in a very pious strain :
" Thy wounds, my Cure, deare Sauiour ! I desire
To pearce my thoughts I thy fierie Cherubinne,
(By kindling my desires,) true zeale t' infuse.
Thy lone my theame, and Holy Ghost my muse."
The Sonnettes are 100 in number, and are succeeded by
a Hymne to the glorious honovr of the most blessed and
indivisible Trinitie. A Divine Centvrie of Spiritual Son-
nets, Lon., 1595 ; reprinted in the second vol. of the Hcli-
eonia. Dedicated to Dr. Tobie Matbew.
Foure Bookes of Offices, enabling privat Persons for the
speoiall Service of all good Princes and Policies, Lon.,
L25
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IC06 Wio. cledicatcd to King James. See Rcstitata, vol.
iv. p. 127-135. . .
Devil's Charter, a Tragcedie ; conteining the Lilc and
Death of Pope Alexander the Si.xt, Lon., 1607, Ito. Barnes
in 1598 wrote a Sonnet, prefixed to Florio's World of
Words; in 1606 he presented another, printed as a pre-
faee to Fame's Memorial to Ford, and in the same year
translated Cicero's Offices. See Ellis's Specimens for seve-
ral of Barnes's Sonnets, which "at least have the merit of
comhining an arhitrary recurrence of rhyme with the dig-
nified freedom of blank verse." We have an amusing spe-
cimen «f humility in his dedication of his Offices to King
James : he presents his work " under a speeiall pardon for
his boldness in daring to do it as a poore unlearned schol-
ler, which offereth his ignorance in some rude exercise
unto his learned schoole-mastcr."
" So little however is his work to he resuvded as proceedinfrfrom
the head or hand of an unlearned scholar, that it consists chietl.v
of citations from the writings of the ancient histonans, philos(>
pheis, and poets, wh" iienned their productions m the Greek and
Latinlancuages."— /(.rfifu/u: Seea?i(e. „ .. ,
Barnes, Daniel H., d. 1818, a Baptist preacher,
anil an eminent conchologist of New York, originated and
conducted, in conjunction with Dr. Griscom, the high
school of New York ; he was also an active member ot the
Lyceum of natural history in that city. He presided over
several seminaries, and refused the presidency of the col-
lege at Washington City. He contributed several valuable
papers, illustrated by explanatory plates on Conchology,
to Silliman's Journal, viz.. Geological Section of the Ca-
naan Mountain, v. S-21; Memoir on the genera unio and
alasmodonta, with numerous figures, vi. 107-127, 258-280 ;
Five species of chiton, with figures, vii. 69-72 ; Memoir on
batrachian animals, and doubtful reptiles, xi. 269-297,
xiii 66-70. On magnetic polarity, xiii. 70-73 ; Reclama-
tion of Unios, xiii. 358-364. (Sill. Jour. xv. 401; Allen's
Amer. Biog. Diet.) . . ,0-1
Barnes, David, D.D., 1731-1811, minister of Soitu-
ate, Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1756, '95, 1800, '01, '02,
and 1803. A volume of his sermons, with a biographical
sketch, has been puldished.
Barnes, E. W., a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire, has pub. a number of compositions in poetry and
prose in Annu.als and Magazines.
Barnes, George. Cicero, or the Complete Orator,
in 3 Books or Dialogues, ic. Trans, into English, 1762.
Barnes, Henry. Leg.al Trcati-ses, Ac. Notes of
Cases in point of Practice, taken in the Court of Common
Pleas, 1732-60. Best ed. 2 vols., Lon., 1815.
" The casos in this volume are very briefly reported, and are not
.always to bo relied on. Indeed, it could hardly be expected, in a
volume containing more than 2500 cases, upon points of practice
decided by various Judges, whose opinions were not .always coinci-
(Ji.nt. th.at tliere would tie uniformity and agreement throughout.
^Man^in's Legal Bihl. -^ ,, , -n l
We extract some opinions from W.allace s Keporters,
which, with the volume cited above, should be in the library
of every lawyer and man of general reading. Both of
these excellent manuals have become very scarce, and
should be reprinted. .
" Barnes has in general reported the practice of the court witb
accuracy." — Sir Francis Buller.
"Many cases reported in Barnes are not law. —MR. Justice
HE.iTH,
" When a ' rule absolute' was claimed from Chief Justice Abbot,
and Barnes was instanced as authority, the chief justice replied,
'You may find rules absolute in Barnes for any thing.'"
" Barnes is an authority of little weight. ... His cases are so
contradictory that they destroy each other."— Wn.UiM8, of Uk It-
York Bar. , . . . , .J *
'I The cases cited from Barnes are good as historical evidence to
rrove the point of prartice in issue."— Ciiancei.i.oe Kest.
" Barnes is good authority. I believe, for points ot practice, thougll
for little beside."— Chief Jostice Oibsos nf Penn
Barnes, J. Educational works, 1811-12.
Barnes, John, an English Roman Catholic, of-a Lan-
cashire family, studied for some time at Oxford,
" But bein" alw.ays in aniim OithoUms. he left it, and his coun-
try, and going into Spain, was instructed in Philosophy and Di-
vinity by the fiimous Doctor J. Alp. Curicd, who was wont to Ciill
Barnes by the name of John Huss. because of a spirit of contra-
diction which was always observed in him."— Wood.
In 1625, at which period ho was one of the confessors
of the Abbey of Chelles, he pub. a work against ment.al
reservation, entitled Dissertatio contra equivocationes,
Paris : a French trans, was pub. at the same timo._ Theo-
philus Raynaud attempted to answer this book in 1627.
In the same year, Barnes wrot« Catholico-Romanus Paci-
ficns: an edition was pub. at Oxford in 1680 : part of it
had been before made use of by Dr. Basiro in his Ancient
Liberty of the Britannic Church. He also wrote an an-
swer to Clement Reyner's Apostolatus BcQedictinorum in
136
BAR
AnMia. Wood tells us that " This learned person being n
very moderate man in his opinion, and deeply sensible by
his great readins and observation of several corruptions
of the Romish Church and Doctrine, which partly were
expressed in his Discourse, but mostly in a book which ho
wrote, called Catholico-Romanus Pacifieus," 4c. Barnes
was seized in Paris, "was carried out from the midst ol
that city by force, was divested of his habit, and like a
four-footed brute, was in a b.arbarous manner tied to a
hor=e, and violently hurried away into Flanders.' He
escaped from prison at Mechlin, but was retaken and thrown
into a prison of the Inquisition, where he died after thirty
years' confinement. Wood repels with scorn the story of
Barnes's insanity whilst in prison :
•■ Certain fierce people at Rome, being not contented with his
Death, have endeavoured to extinguish his iame, boldly pubhsh-
ing that he died distracted."
Barnes, John. An Essay on Fate, and other Poems.
Published at the age of 14, 1807.
Barnes, John. A Tour through France, 1816.
Barnes, Joseph. The Praise of Mane, Oxford.
Barnes, Joshua, 1654-1712, a learned divine, and
professor of Greek at Cambridge, was a native of London.
He was educated at Christ's Hospital, where his early pro-
ficiency in Greek was the subject of remark. In 1671 he
was admitted a servitor in Emanuel College, Cambridge,
was elected fellow in 1678, and in 1686 took the degree of
B D In 1696 he was chosen Greek professor of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge. In his 15th year he pub. a collec- '
tion of English poems, and was interested at an early age
in several other works. Ho gave to the world in 16i5,
Geramia. or a New Discovery of a little sort of People,
called Pigmies. In the next year appeared his poetical
paraphrase of the History of Esther, which had been for
a long time in preparation. Select Discourses appeared in
1680 In 1688 was pub. The History of that most victo-
rious monarch, Edward III. The author has imitated
Thucydides in putting long speeches into the mouths ol
his characters. Nicolson remarks :
" Above all, Mr. Joshua Barnes has diligently collected whatever
was to be had, far and near, upon the several passages of this great
Kinn-'s iei"n. Ilis ijuotjitions are many ; .and generally, his authors
are as well chosen as such a multitude can be supposed to have
been. His inferences are not always becoming a st.atesman ; and
sometimes his digressions are tedious. His deriving of the famous
institution of the Garter from the Phtenicians. is extremely oblig-
ing to good Mr. Sammes: but came too late, it seems, to Mr. Ash-
mole's knowledge, or otherwise would have bid fair for a choice post
of honour in liiselaboiMte book. In short, this industrious author
seems to have driven his work too fast to the press, before he h.id
provided an index, and some other accoutrements, which nught
have rendered it more serviceable to his readers.' —Enyhsli Mislo-
rical Library.
The want of an index ! How often have we groaned
over indcxlcss books ! How often have we been obliged to
do for ourselves what the witless author would not do lor
us— and make an index to his book ! His edition of Euri-
pides, dedicated to Charles, Duke of Somerset, was pub. m
1694. In 1705 appeared his Anaereon, dedicated to the
Duke of Marlborough; and in 1701 he pub. an edition of
Homer : the Hiad dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, and
the Odyssey to the Earl of Nottingham. He wrote many
other treatises, a list of which, including those which he
had published, and those which he contemplated giving to
the world, will be found prefixed to the edition of his Ana-
ereon, pub. in 1705. Wc here find enumerated no less than
43 works ! His facility in writing and speaking Greek was
remarkable. He tells us in the parody of Homer, prefixed
to his poem on Esther, that he could compose sixty Greek
verses in an hour. He also avows in the preface to Esther
that he found it much easier to write his annotations m
Greek than in Latin, or even in English, " since the orna-
ments of poetry are almost peculiar to the Greeks, and
since he had for many years been extremely conversant in
Homer, the great father and source of the Greek poetry.
He could ofl'-haud turn a paragraph in a newspaper, or a
hawker's bill, into any kind of Greek metre, and has been
often knowu to do so among his Cambridge friends. Dr.
Bentley used to say of Barnes that he "understood as
much Greek as a Greek cobbler :" meaning doubtless by
this that he had rather the " colloquial readiness of a vulgar
mechanic," than the erudition, taste, .and judgment of a
scholar. The inscription suggested for his monument-
first used by Menage in his satire upon Pierre Montmanr—
we think too profane for repetition. The Greek Anaereon-
tiques written for his monument have been thus translated
"Kind Barnes, adorn'd by every Muse,
Each Greek in his own art out-does :
No Orator was ever greater;
No poet ever chanted sweeter.
BAR
BAR
H' excellel id Grammar ^lystery,
And the Black Prince of History:
And a Divine the most profound
That ever trod on Enplish ground."
See the Biog. Brit., where find, also, this note:
" Mr. Barnes read a small Eniilieh BiMe. that he usually carried
alxiut with him, one hundred and twenty-one times over, at leisure
Imurs."
All this is upon his monument.
Barnes, Juliana. Sec Berners.
Barnes, Philip Edward, B.A.. b. 1815, Norwich,
Englaud. Electoral Law of Belgium, 1851. Translator
of i)'Aul>i,e;ne's History of the Reformation in France, 1853.
Barnes, Ralph. Assize Sermon, 1759.
Barnes, Ralph. 1. Office of Sheriff, 1816. 2. Rela-
tive to Modus for Tythes, 181S. 3. Voting at County
Elections, 1818.
Barnes, Robert, a reformer and martyr in the reign
of Henry VIII., came to the stake in consequence of ad-
vocating Luther's doctrines, in answer to a sermon of
Bishop Gardiner. He wrote Supplicacion vnto Prynce H.
the VIII. The Cause of my Condempnation. The hole
Disputacion between the Byshops and Doctour Barnes,
London, by me, Johan Byddell, 1534, 4to. Again, by Hugh
Syngelton sine anno. Articles of his Faith, pub. in Latin
and in Dutch. Vitce Romanorum Pontificum, Ac. The
list extends from St. Peter to Alexander II., pub. with a
preface by Luther at Wirtemberg, 1536; afterwards at
Leyden, 1615, together with Bale's Lives of the Popes.
Luther pub. an account of the martyrdom of this holy man.
Works collected by John Fox, Lon., 1573 : this edition in-
cludes the works of W. Tyndall and John Frith.
Barnes, Robt., of Mag. Coll. Visit. Scr., Oxf., 1626.
Barnes, Robert, M.D., b. 1816. Norwich, England.
Pamphlets andMemoirs on Obstetrics, Hygiene, &c.,lS50, '58.
Barnes, Robt., of Mag. CoU. Vist. Ser., Oxf., 1626.
Barnes, S. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1S18.
Barnes, Susan Rebecca, an American poetess, is
a daughter of Mr. Richard H. Ayer of the city of Man-
chester, in New Hampshire.
" Her poems are marked "by many felicities of expression; and
they fiequently combine a masculine vifjour of style, with tender-
ness and a passionato earnestness of feeling.'" — Gruivohl's Female
Foels of America, where see specimens: Imalee. &c.
" Her poems have been favourably received, and show greater
strength and vi^^our than those that are written by the generality
of her sex."' — Woman's Record.
Barnes, Thomas, a Puritan divine of the 17th cen-
tury, \B mentioned by Cole as one of the authors of the
"Dniversity of Cambridge. Among his productions is The
Wise Man's Forecast against the Evil Time, Lon., 1624;
reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany.
Barnes, Thomas. A Discourse on Esod. sxxiii. 14,
Lon., 1702.
Barnes, Thomas. Of Propagat. Shrubs, Lon., 175S.
Barnes, Thomas, 1747-1810, a Presbyterian minis-
ter, had, for thirty years, charge of a congregation in Man-
chester, England. He pub. in 1786 A Discourse upon the
commencement of the Academy : an institution at Man-
chester, over which he presided from 17S6 to 1798. He
contributed some papers to the Trans. Manchester Society,
and to other periodicals.
A Funeral Sermon on the Death of the Rev. Thomas
Threlked of Rochdale, April 13, 1806.
This Mr. Threlked possessed a most remarkable memory :
" He was a perfect Living Concordance to the Scriptures. You
could not mention thrcL^ words, except perhaps those words of mere
connectwn which occur iu hundreds of passages, to which he could
not immediately, without hesitation, assign "the Chapter sind. Verse
where they were to be found. And inversely, upon mentioning
the Chapter and Verse, he could repeat the W.u'd^. It was. as might
Vje expected, a fiivourite amusement of his fellow students to try
his powers, and they were never known to fail him in a single in-
stance. This Faculty continued with him unimpaired, to the d:iy
of bis death. For, astonishing as the assertion may appear, it is
believed by all his friendstobeliterfdly true, thatheneverthrough
his whole life forgot one single number, or date combined with any
name or fact, when they had been once joined together, and laid
up in bis Memory. When once there, they were engraved as upon
marble."
Thomas Barnes has been well called
'' A man of uncommon activity and diligence with his pen. and
is said to have written many hundred sermons which he never
preached : a fact very extraordinary if we consider the number he
must have lieen nblified to preach in the rourse of forty-two years."
Barnes, William. Epigrams, Lon., ISns.
Barnes, William Geo. Sermons and Discourses,
Lon., 1752.
"The subjects of these discourses are chiefly practical; and tho'
there is nothing very striking or animated in them, yet they are
worthy the perusal of all serious and well disposed persons." —
Lon. Mfmihly Heview.
Baruet* God's Lift-up Hand for Lancashire, 1648.
Barnet, A. Funer.^1 Sermon, Ps. ii. 3, 4, 1794.
Baruett, Richard. Odes, 1761. Lat. & Eng. Poems,
1809.
Barnewall, R. V. Reports of Cases in King's Bench,
with E. H. Alderson. 1817-1822, pub. in 5 vols., Lon.,
lSlS-1822. (A continuation of Maule and Selwyn's Re-
ports.) With C. Cresswell, 1822-1830. pub. in 10 vols.,
Lon., 1830-1835; with J. L. Adolphus. 1830 to H. T.
4 Wm. IV., pub. in 5 vols., Lon., 1831-1835. Continued bv
Adclphus and Ellis, 1835-1856.
Barntield, Barnefield, or Barnefielde, Rich-
ard, b. 1574, was entered at Brasenose College, Oxford,
in 1589. He wrote The Affectionate Shepherd, pub. 1594,
12mo; Cynthia, 1595, 12mo. The author bespeaks the
patience of the reader for his rude conceit of Cynthia:
" If for no other cause, yet for that it is the first imitation of the
verse of that excellent poet. Maister Spencer, in his Fayrie Queene."
In 1589 he pub. The Encomium of Lady Pecunia, or
the Praise of Money. The Complaint of Poctrie for the
Death of Liberalitie. The Combat between Conscience
and Covetousnesse in the Minde of Men; and poems in
divers humours. A second edit, of this work, considera-
bly altered, appeared in 1605. Greene's Funerals was
erroneously attributed to Barnfield, but the ode, As it fell
upon a Day — which was printed in England's Helicon,
1600, signed Ljnoto, and had the year before been given
as Shakspeare's, in the Passionate Pilgrim, — really be-
longs to our author. Come live with me, and be my love,
is another well-known poem of our author's. See Rose's
Biog. Diet. ; Ellis's Specimens ; Ritson's Bib. Poet, ; War-
ton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry. It is interesting to us to read
the opinions of any of Shakspeare's contemporaries upon
the great bard ; therefore we shall quote a few lines of
Barnfield's, written in 1598, eighteen years before Shaks-
peare's death :
"And !?hakspeare, thou, whose honey-flowing vein,
(I'leasing the world; thy praises doth contain;
Whose Venus and whose Lucrece, sweet and chaste,
Thy name in fame's immortal book hath plac'd,
Live ever you, at least in ferae live ever!
Well may the body die, but fame die never."
A copy of the Affectionate Shepherd sold in Reed's sale
for £16 10s. Beloe notices a copy in Sion College Library.
In 1816 James BoswcU presented to the Members of the
Roxburghe Club a reprint (34 copies, 4to) of Poems by
Richard Barnfield, including Remarks by the late Ed-
mund Malone. One of these copies was disposed of at
Bindley's sale for £6 16-9. 6f/. Boswell's sale, £4 6«.
Barnham, Sir Francis, a scholar and writer temjy.
James I., one of the 84 who were to compose an Academy
Royal connected with the Order of the Garter. His His-
tory of his family has never been published.
Barnham, T. C. A Series of Questions on the most
important Points connected with a legal Education, de-
signed for the Use of Students preparing for E.xamina-
tion, previously to their Admission in the Courts of Law
and Equity, 4th ed. By E. Ings, 12mo. Lon., 1840.
Barunm, Phineas T., born July 5th, 1810, in Be-
thel, Conn. Autobiography, N. Y., 1854. Writer and
Lecturer on Agriculture and Temperance. Has an-
nounced A History of Humbugs from the Earliest Ages
to the Present Day.
Baro, or Baron, Peter, d. about 1600, was born at
Etampes, in France, but resided the principal part of his
life in England, where he pub. a number of works. For
this reason we have given him a place in our volume. Ho
left his native country to avoid persecution, being a Pro-
testant, and was received into the family of Lord Trea-
surer Burleigh. Upon the invitation of Dr. Pierce ho
settled at Cambridge, and there entered himself a student
of Trinity College. In 1575 he was appointed successor
to Dr. John Still as Margaret professor of divinity. His
doctrine did not give satisfaction to some of his hearers,
and he was involved in a niimber of controversies. Some
went so far as to think that he was acting a traitor's part
at Cambridge; designing to seduce those under his in-
fluence to the Roman Catholic Church.
•' For so it was, and they could not be beaten out of it, that they
thought, that as a certain Spaniard named Ant. Corranus was
brought to, and settled in. Oson., purposely to corrupt the true
doctrine; so Peter Earo, a French man was for Cambridge." — Wood.
Baro retained his chair until 1595, when he resigned, or
as Wood says, was removed, " not without the consent of
Dr. Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury." He removed
to London, where he died about 1600. 1. In Jonam Pro-
phetam Prailectiones XSXIX. 2. Condones tres ad Cle-
rum Cantabrigiensem, <fec. 3. Theses Publicae in scholis
perorartas ct disputatee. 4. Precationes quibus Usus est
Author in suis Prselectionibus inchoandis et finiendis. The
127
BAR
three firstnamed were trans, into Englitli Ijy John Lud-
ham. The whole wore pub. in one voh, Lon., 1579, folio,
by the care of Osmond Lake. Baro wrote several other
works, whieh were pub. in loSO, 161.3, e( «;ne ("i'lo.
Baro, Baron, or Bonaveiitura, b. about IGOO, d.
1696, was a Fitz-Gerald of BurnLhurL-h in the county of
Kilkenny. He was born at Cloumell in Ireland, and was
a nephew of the celebrated Luke Wadding, a Franciscan
friar, eminent for his theological works. Baro entered the
Order of St. Francis, and resided almost entirely at Rome.
He was attached to the college of St. Isidore, a society
of the Order of St. Francis, founded by Wadding, for the
education of Irish students in the liberal arts, <liyinity,
and controversy, to serve as a seminary out of which the
mission into England, Scotland, and Ireland might be
supplied. Baron was celebrated for the purity ot his
Latin style. His Opuscula varia were pub. in 166b. Ihis
contains bis Metra Miscellanea, pub. 1645: Orations, 1645;
Prolusiones Philosophic^, 1651 ; Scotus Dcfcnsus, 1662 ;
and all his separate works pub. ante 1666. Theologia was
pub. at Paris in 1676, in 6 vols. Vol. 1st of The Annales
Ordinis SS. Trinilatis Rcdemptionis Captivorum, which
begins with the year 11»8 and is earned down to 1297,
wa° pub. at Rome in 1686.
Baron, John. Sermons pub. at O.xf 1699 "OS
Baron, Peter. Sermons. Acts xx. 23, 24, Syo, 1742.
Baron, Richard, d. 1768, a dissenting minister, but
more noted as an ardent advocate for the cause of civi
and religious liberty, pub. what may perhaps be called
Thomas Gordon's Collection of Curious Iracts. 1. A Lor-
dial for Low Spirits. 2. The Pillars of Priestcraft and
Orthodoxy shaken ; enlarged to 4 vols., Lon., 1 1 1.8. i. Im-
pression revised and improved with many additional Ar-
ticles, Lon., 176.S, 12mo, in 3 vols. Baron edited a num-
ber of works reprinted by Thomas Hollis, among which
were the Iconoclastes of Milton, and a complete edition ot
the works of this great poet. , , . » n „,
Baron, Robert, b. about 1630, was a student at Cam-
bridce. He pub. in 1647 The Cyprian Academy, Poculia
Castalia, Ac. Lon., 1650. He was also the author ol
Mirza, a Tragedy; Gripus et Hegio; and Deorum Dona.
See Winstanley, Philips, and Biog. Dramat,, for other pieces
ascribed to Baron : some of which are evidently not his.
■• The author seems [in Mirza] to have propos d for his pattern
the famous Catiline, writ by Ben. Jonson and has in several
X4not only hit the model of his Scenes; but even nnilated the
L^ ngua,!e tolerably, for a young writer." See LanRbaine s Dra-
matil-k Poets: this author quotes an Anagram on Baron by his
friend, John Quarks : ^ „ ,
,, , f Robertus Baronns I
-*^°^ 1 Rarus Ab Orbe Notus ; S"^*"-
Rarus. hand cuiiuiim peperit Natura Secundum Notus es et scni>
tis (Baron"! ab orbe tuis." „ ,. . . • ,, ■ i,„i
Baron, Robert, professor of divinity m Marischal
Collce, Aberdeen, was the author of Metaphysica Genc-
ralis, Lugd. Bat., 1657, which was in great favour with
eminent scholars on the continent. He pub. several theo-
logical works, 1621-27, and 'SI. He was elected to the see
of Orkney, but was never consecrated, being driven by
persecution from Scotland. He died at Berwick.
Baron, Samnel. Description of the Kingdom ol
Ton.iueen : see Churchill's Voyages, vol. vi., p. 117.
Baron, Stephen. Sermones, etc., Lon., per De
Worde.
Baron, William. Assize Sermon, 1683, 4ta.
Barr. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1778.
Barr, John. Thanksg. Serm. after Rebellion, 1 , 46, 8vo.
Barr, John. The Scripture Student's Assistant.
Glaso- ly"^'l
Barr, Robt. M. Penna. State Rep., 1846-56, Phil.
Barrand. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1808. ^. , ^ ,
Barrand, Philip. New book of Single Cyphers,
°Barreii, Miss. Riches and Poverty, 1808 ; The Test
of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811. „„„ . ,.,„
Barren, And. Fens in Norfolk, Suffolk, Ac., 1642.
Barren, Edmund. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717-27
Barret. Recant:ition of Certain Errors, Lon., 1628.
Barret, or Barrett, B. Analysis of the Nature of
SuVdimity. Ac, 1812; Life of Card. Ximenes, Lon., ISIJ.
Barret, John. Sermons, Ac, 1698-99.
Barret, John. Funeral Sermon, 1777.
Barret, John. See Babet, John.
Barret, Onsow. Treatise on the Gout, li 85.
Barret, Phineas. European Exchanges, Lon., 172-.
Barret, Robert. Tbeoriko and Pracktike of Mo-
derno Warres, Discoursed in Dialogue Wise, Lou., 1598,
folio George Chalmers is of the opinion that Shakspeare
refers to this work in his " All's Well that Ends Well."
123
BAR
Eprrct, Robert. The Tarrior, Lon., 1660; Compa-
nion, Ac, 1699.
Barret, or Barrett, Stephen, li 18-1801, a cla,-
sical teacher and poet, wrote War, a Satire: and trans.
Ovid's Epistles into English Verse, (1759;) the latter work
is thought inferior to the former.
Barrett, Bryan. The Code Napoleon, Ac, 1812.
Barrett, Eaton Stannard, author of several poems,
novels, and humorous effusions, the best known of which
is The Heroine, or Adventures of Cherubina, a novel m
3 vols., Lon., 1813.
'■ The idea of this work is not new, since the pernicious effects
of indiscriminate novel-reading have been .already displayed by
Mrs Lenox in The Female Quixote, and by Miss Charlton m the
pleasing story of Kosella ; but the present Uile is more extravagant
than either of those works: and the heroines cruelty towards her
fiither indisposes the reader for being interested in her subsennent
fete Mr Barrett may also be censured for not confining his ridi-
cule to allowable subjects: 'what should be great he turns to
&rce ' both in his frequent sarcasms on the clergy, and in his ludi-
crous parodies of scenes taken fi-om our best novels : although it
might be presumed that, if Cherubin.a's reading had been limited
to respectable works of fiction, or if these had made the chief im-
pression on her mind and memory, she would not have fallen into
the follies which she commits. Still, however, her adventures are
written witli great spirit and humour; and they afford many scenes
at which ' To be grave exceeds all power of face.' —Lmi. M. Atv.
Wom.an; a Poem. Lon., 1810, sm. 8vo.
Barrett, Elizabeth B. See Brow.ving, Mrs.
Barrett, Francis, Profoesor of Chemistry, Natural
and Occult Philosophy, pub. The Magus, ..r CelesUal In-
telligencer, being a Complete System of Occult Philoso-
phy, illustrated with a great variety of curious engrav-
ings, magical and cabalistical figures, Ac, Lon., 1801, 4to ;
Lives of Alcbemistical Philosophers, with a Critical Cata-
logue of Books in Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of
the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice
of the Hermetic Art, 1815, 8vo. The ignorant may dis-
miss the " System of Occult Philosophy" with a contemptu-
ous laugh, but the student of human uaturo will naturally
feel a desire to investigate the pretensions of a "science
which has turned the br.ains of so many men of vast learn-
inc and unquestioned integrity of purpose.
Barrett, Henry. The Alps; from the German of
" Ba;r';«; VoL, D.D., 1746M821 Vice-Provost of
Trinity College. Dublin, and Professor of the Oriental Lan-
sua.'es in that University. An Enquiry into the Origin
of the Constellations that compose the Zodiac, and the
Uses they were intended to promote, 1800, 8vo.
" As several authors have given an explanation of the signs of
the Zodiac, it was to be presumed that Br. Barrett would attempt
to demolish their theories, before he advanced his own; and ac-
cordingly, his first pages contain an examination of the s> stems
of Macrobius. La I'luche, and La N.auze. In opposing these hy-
Dotheses. Dr. B. is more happy than m est.ablishing hi» own. for,
though endowed with muJh learning, and qualified by much re-
search, he has fallen into the wildest and most fanciful conjec-
tures."'—ion. Mrmtliln Ka'irw.
Essay on the Earlier Part of the Life of Swift, wil,h seve-
ral original pieces ascribed to him, 1S08, 8vo. This work
is incorporated in Nichols's edit, of Switt.
"We see no ground for questioning any of his conclusions.
Those who are fond of similar investigations will be much enter-
tained by his researches."— ion. ilontlily Jtevitw.
Evan^elium secundum Matthaium, ex Codice.
Rescrlpto in Bibliotheca CoUegii St, Trinitatis ju.xta.
Dublin, ISOl, 4to. This is a fac-simile ol a MS. of the
New Testament, the writing of which had been erased to
give place to another work. ,^ „j
" In the Prolegomena, he discusses, at considerable length and
much ability, the gospel genealogy of our Lord. . . An elegant fee-
simil,- ..f tills work is given in Mr. Home's Intioduct on: and an
excellent critique on it will be found in the third volume of the
old series of tile Eclectic Review, pp. 103 and 6815." See Orme s
Bibl Bib., and the works referred to.
Barrett, Joseph. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1699.
Barrett, Joseph. Sermons, 1795, 1806-13. _
Barrett, Richard A. F. A Synopsis of Lriticisms
upon those Passages of the Old Testament in which Modern
Commentators have differed from the Authorized \ ersion ;
toffetherwith an Explanation of Various Difficulties m the
Hebrew and English Texts, 2 vols., in 2 Pts. each, and vo .
iii , Pt. 1, large 8vo, Lon., 1847. Perhaps m no depart-
ment of letters have there been more important additions
to the library than in that which treats of the history, pre-
servation, integrity, and interpretation of the sacred t«.xt
Among the new works on this subject, Mr. BaiTctt s is said
'^S^uirrionfa^d'lea'rned work is in^spensable to the Biblical
ini3 '»"°;'™°,';"" Q ^ gmi English versions of doubtful
^a^ss^ges a^^' gil™ rjuxlapo^itV;,-' "'^ '"ff"™' °l"-"°-'^ "'
commentatorB are quoted at length.
BAR
This portion of the work, all yut iiuh., (1853.) includes
all the historical bookSj — finishing at Esther. — Darihiu's
due UiU.
Barrett, Serenus. Sermons, Ac, 1715-22-25.
Uitrrett, William, d. 17S9, an eminent .Surgeon at
Bristol, pub. in irsS the History and Antiquities of the
city of Bristol, 1 vol., 4to. This work had been in pre-
paration for twenty years. Park calls it
'' A motley compound of real jind supposititious history."
" The promiscuous mode of citing authors. Ave had almost said,
couce.ilin^ authorities, is unworthy a correct or fjulhful writer.
"The book abounds with curious and authentic information;
and, iu excuse for many of its inaccuracies, it may be necessary to
remind the reader that it is the first which has ever beeu pub-
lished on th.it subject." — Lon, Gent. Mag., lix. j33; but see pases
Vll-'.rli. same \ol.
Mr. Barrett was the gentleman who urged Chatterton to
produce the poems which he declared he had transcribed
from the originals in Kowley's handwriting. Many of the
I' original MS.S." were in Mr. Barrett's possession. For .in
interesting paper on Chatterton's forgeries, see Gent. Mag.
for 17S!4. p. 10,^1 : and see the name in this vrtlur:-.
Barrey, Lod. K.am Alley, or Merry Tricks; a
Comedy, Lon., 1()12, 4to. See Biog. Dr.amat.
Barrie, Alex. A Collection of I'rose and Verse,
Edin., 17S1.
Barrifec, Win., Lt. Col. Mars, his Trivmph. Lon.,
Ifi.lO, 4to. Militarie Discipline, Lon., W.','i. 4to; 4th od.,
lOi.-i.
Barriugton, Hon. Daines, 1727-1 SiiO. was the
fourth of five celebrated sons of an illustrious father, John,
Lord Viscount B.arrington. He studied for some time at
Oxford, which he quitted for the Temple, .and was admitted
to tJie bar. He retired from the bench (Ijeing a judge in
AFales) in 1785, and devoted bijnself to the study of anti-
quity, natural history, Ac. Tlic fruit-; of his researches
were given to the public in 17l'iS. iu his learned Observa- ',
tions on the .Statutes, 4to. This work has been frequently
reprinted, 1767, '69, '75. 5th edit. 1795. The later edi-
tions contain new matter.
"Mr. Barrington. in his Observations, has contributed very
much to the elucidation of the more ancient laws of Kn'4land. by
iutroclucini; historical illustrations of the times durinj which the
statutes were enacted. The volume abounds in curious, learned,
and valu.able information." — MarvhCs Legal Bill.
'• Like an active general in the service of the putdic, the author
storms the strongholds of chicane, wheresoever they p.esent them-
selves, and particularly fictii^is, without reserve."
" Mr. Daines Barringtnn is more of the anti juariau and histo-
rian than of the philosopher or l;iwver. H.^ has selected from the
earliest volume of our statute-book' a number of acts, upon whicli
he has given a commentary, curious rather in an antiquarian
point of view, than in its illustration of the changes introduced
into our legal polity. Many of the statutes commented upon af-
ford an ample field for the displ.ay of much research into the man-
ners and customs of the times. Others again throw much light
upon the historical events of the period. Upon some occasions
the author digresses con.sidenililv. but the matter thus introduced
is alw.ays curious and valuable." — IMro^jhxtiic licvieic, vol ix., p.
250 : read the whole of this long article.
In 1767 was pub. his Nntur.ilist's Calendar; in 1773 his
edit, of the Saxon trans, of Orosiu.5, ascribed to King Al-
fred. In 1775 appeared his tracts on the Possibility of
reaching the North Pole. These tracts were designed to
promote a favourite project of Mr. Barrington's, which he
had the pleasure of seeing carried out iu the voyage of
Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave.
'■ It must be allowed that the learned author bestowed much
time and labour on this subject, and accumulated an amazing
quimtity of written, tr.aditionarv, and conjectural evidence, in
proof of the possibility of circumnavigating the globe ; but when
his testimonies were examined, they proved rather ingenious than
satisfactory." — Chulincrs's Biog. Did.
The edit, of 1818 contains some of Capt. Beaufoy's spe-
culations on the same subject. These tracts are also con-
tained in his Miscellanies on Various Subjects, [Natur.al
History, Ac.,] pub. 1781, 4to. Mr. Barrington contributed
several papers to the Arcliteologiaj 1770, '75, '77, and to
the Phil. Trans.. 1767, '71, '73.
Barrington, George, superintendent of the convicts
at Par.imatta. A Voyage to N"ew South Wales, 1795.
Sequel, ISOO. The History of \ew South Wales, 1803, 2
vols. This author was the well known, or, rather, widely
known, light-flugered gentleman to whom is ascribed the
witty couplet:
" True patriots we I For be it understood.
We left our country for our country's good."
On the voyage out Barrington gained the good-will of
the officers of the ship, by assisting so materially to quell
a conspiracy of the convicts, th.at he was considered the
preserver of the vessel and the lives of the honest men
on board.
" We distrusted t'ae pretensions of the oston.-itle author [Voy-
BAR
age to N. S. Wales.] being well aware that there are methods of
picking pockets unknown, perhaps, to Mr. P., eminent as he has
beeu for skill in the profession. We had doubts whether some in-
genious hand had not made free with Mr. B. himself; or. at least,
with a name of so much cetebrilij and promise. On perusing, how-
ever, a few p.ages of the work, our suspicions abated ; and before
we arrived at its conclusion, not a doubt remained of its autheo-
ticity." — Lo/j. Monthly lieview.
Harrington, John Sliute, Lord Viscount of the
Kingdom of Ireland. 167.S-1734. was the youngest son of
Benj.amin Shute. of London. Francis Biirrington. of the
ancient house of Barrington in Essex, who h.ad married
his cousin-gormun, Elizabeth Shute, settled upon him his
estate in Essex, and, by act of parliament, Mr. Shute was
permitted to assume the name and arms of Barrington.
He was distinguished at an early age for his talent and
judgment.
" One .Mr. Shute is n.amed the secretary to Lord Wharton [Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland.] He is a young man. but reckoned the
shrewdest head in England. ... As to his principles, he is a mo-
derate man, frequenting the chiu-ch and meeting indifferently." —
Dean Swift.
In 1723 his lordship retired from political life, and de-
voted himself to theological researches, for which he al-
ways cherished a predilection. He married a daughter
of Sir William Daines, by whom he had six sons: the
five who lived to ni.an's estate all became distinguished
characters. 1. William, Lord Barrington; 2. John, a
major-general in the army; 3. Daines, justice of Chester;
4. Samuel, an admiral;" 5. Shute, Bishop of Durham.
Lord Barrington jmb. a number of works, 1696-173:!. the
principal of which is Miscellanea Sacra; or a New Me-
thod of considering so much of the History of the Apostles
as is contained in Scripture; in an Abstract of their His-
tory, an Abstract of that Abstract, and four Critical Es-
E.ays, Lon., 1725, 2 vols. 8vo. A new edit., under the su-
pervision of the author's son, the Bishop of Durham, in 3
vols., 1770, Svo. The 1st edit, was pub. anonymously.
" This work contains some verv valualde information on sub-
jects not usually discussed. The first essay is on the teaching
and witness of the .'Spirit, and affords some ingenious illustrations
of the miraculous gifts of the primitive churches. The second is
on the distinction between Apostles, Elders, and Brethren, in
which the n.ature of the apostolic office is particularly examined.
The third is on the time when Paul and Barnabas became, and
were known to be, apostles ; in which he contends that Paul was
not constituted an apostle till bis second visit to Jerusalem, men-
tioned Acts xxii. 17--21. The last is on the Apostolical decree,
Acts XV. 23-SO."— Orao's Bibl. Bib.
The 2d edit, contains an Essay On the Several Dispen-
sations of God to Mankind, in the order in which they lie
in the Bible ; or a Short System of the Religion of Nature
and Scripture, 1st edit., 1725. Both works will be found
in the Rev. G. Townsend's edit, of Viscount Barrington's
works, Lon., 1838, 3 vols.
" Much valuable information may be derived from this work.
[An Essay, Ac.]" — Qtuirtfrly Rrriew.
Dr. Benson acknowledges his obligation to the Miscel-
lanea Sacra, in his history of the first planting of Chris-
tianity, and in some other of his works.
'•The merit of this work [Miscellanea Sacra] is generally ac-
knowledged."— Rev. T. II. HORNE.
"Ills theological works will alwavs remain the fairest and most
duralile monument of his literary reputation. Few writers iu the
last century possessed higher qualifications for the attainment of
a profound and extensive knowledge of the Scriptures."— Ret.
Geo. Tow-nsend.
Barrington, Sir Jonah, 1767-1834, Judge of the
Court of Admiralty in Ireland. Personal Sketches of his
Own Time, Lon., 1830, 3 vols. Svo. Historic Anecdotes
and Secret Memoirs relative to the Legislative Union
between Great Britain and Ireland, 5 parts, pub. 1809-15,
in 4to, at 21«. per part. Published complete in 2 vols,
imp. 4to, 1835, with 40 portraits, at £5 59.
'■ This remarkable work was begun publishing in parts several
years ago. and excited a considerable sensation at the time. It
was announced to appear in ten parts, at one guinea each, and
several were speedily published. From some unexplained cause,
however, the progress of the work was suddenly suspended, and
reports were circulated of its having been ofticially suppressed on
account of the freedom of its language; which gave the published
parts .a great market.aMe value, and they could not afterwards bo
oI>t.ainedat any price. It remained for that enterjii i-iOL' publisher,
Mr. Collmrn, to rescue it from being Inst to the ),ublie, \\ liii-h ho
did by purchasing the whole materials, after they liad tjeen sup-
pressed for several years, from the family. The work is now com-
pleted as originally iuteuded by the autlior."
The Historic Memoirs have been issued in cheap form,
entitled The Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation.
Barrington, Hon. and Rt.Rev.Shute,17S4-1826,
successively Bishop of Llandalf, Salisbury, and Durham,
was the sixth son of the first Lord Earringt(m. (See ante.)
He was educated at Eton, and in 1752 became a gentle
man-commoner at Merton College, Oxford. His lordship
edited in 1770 .in edit, of his learned father's Miscellanea
129
BAR
Sacra, anrl pub. several sermons, charges, tracts, 4c., 1772-
1815. He also contributed many valuable notes to the
enlarged eilition of Bowyer's Conjecture on the New Tes-
tament, ami prepared for the press the Political Life of
his brother William, second Viscount Barrington, which
■work was edited by Sir Francis Bernard.
" His rem.irks on the Orei_-k Test.iment inserted in Bunyan s
Critical Conjectures are characterised by sound judRment and Kieat
caution. . . Histracts,sermons,andcharEes,arealikecharacteriseil
by sound judgment, clearness of expression, and fervent piety.
(Rev. Geo. Townsend : read this interesting memoir of a
true " man of God," prefi.xed to Mr. Townsend's edit, of
Viscount Barrin^ton's Works, Lon., 1828, 3 vols.)
Barron, Arthur, and Alfred Austin. Reports of
Cases of controverted Elections, Lon., 1844; and Aru<dd,
T. J., ditto with other matter, Lon., 1845.
Barron, VVm., pub. several works, Edin. and Lon.,
1770-180f>. Essays on the Mechanical Principles of the
Plough, Edin., 1775, 8vo ; Letters on Belles Lettres and
Logic, Lon., 1806, 8vo, 2 vols.
'■ A vahmljle work for the student."— Lowndes.
Barrough, Philip. Method of Physick, containing
the Causea,"Signs, aud Cures of Inward Diseases in Man's
Body, from Head to Foot, Lon.. 1610, 'IT, '34, '39, 4to.
Barroughby, or Barrowby, VV., M.D. Trans, of
the Medical Works of Astrue and others. Lon., 1737-38.
Barrow, Henry. The Pollution of University Learn-
ing, Lon., 1642.
Barrow, Henry. Sec B.irrowes.
Barrow, Humphrey. The Relief of the Poor, and
Advancement of Learning Proposed, Lon., 1656.
Barrow, Isaac, D.l>., 1630-1677, an eminent mathe-
matician and divine, was born in the city of London. His
father was linen-draper to Charles I., whom he followed
to Oxford. After the decapitation of his king, he (Tho-
mas Barrow) attended Chiirles II. in his exile, and con-
tinued with him till the Restoration. His brother, Isaac
Barrow, uncle to the snlyect of our memoir, was made
Bishop of the Isle of Man. The early youth of Isaac
Barrow was unpromising. At the Charter-House School
ho was remarkable for an uncommonly belligerent dispo-
Bition. aud dealt as hard blows to his schoolfellows as he
afterwards directed at the Supremacy of the Pope. His
father, we.iried with the exercise of unavailing discipline,
intimated that the loss of the young warrior would not be
a heart-breaking affair, by expressing the opinion that if
it pleased Providence to remove any of his children, Isa.ao
could be the best spared'from the group. Placed at school
at Felstead in Essex, Isaac suddenly assumed a new cha-
racter;— that of a diligent, persevering student. In 1643
he was admitted a pensioner of Peterhouse, Cambridge,
and two years later entered Trinity College. A Latin
oration displeasing some of the Fellows, Dr. Hill, the
master, replied to their complaints, " Barrow is a better
man than any of us." The writings of Lord Bacon, Des
Cartes, Galileo, and other profound philosophers, were
now his favourite study. In 1649 he commenced B.A. ;
in 1652 ho proceeded M.A. ; and in the same year was
incorporated in the same degree at Oxford.
He thought at this time of becoming a physician, and
studied anatomy, botany, and chemistry. Shortly, how-
ever, he resumed the study of divinity. In 1655 he started
on a continental tour. The vessel in which he was a pas-
senger being attacked by an Algerino corsair, Barrow as-
sumed carnal weapons, and fought manfully until the jiirate
was driven off. As we have seen he had a strong natural
inclination for hostilities, perhaps he was not sorry for
this opportunity of once more taking up the cudgels in a
lawful combat. This voyage and combat Barrow has re-
corded in a long poetical narrative in hexameter aud pen-
tameter verse. At Constantinople he read through the
works of Chrysostom ; this city having been the diocese
of the "golden-mouthed" bishop. It was reasnnaldy ex-
pected at the time of the Restoration that Barrow would
have received immediate preferment; but the profligate,
ungrateful monarch, when in the possession of wealth and
power, was too much sunk in sensuality and criminal in-
dnlence, to make any exertions for the benefit of those
who had aided him in the day of adversity. The Egyp-
tian butler is the type of too many in this world, — " yet did
he not remember Joseph, but forgat him." It was at this
time that Barrow wrote his celebrated epigram :
" Te magis optavit, rediturum, Carole, uemo,
Et nemo sensit, te redisse minus."
" Thy restX)ration, I{oy.al Charles. I see.
By none more wished, by none less felt, than me."
In 1660 ho was chosen professor of Greek at Cambridge.
Tn 1662 he received the appointment of Professor of Geo-
130
BAR
meiry in Gresham College. In 1669 ho felt it his duty to
apply himself to his ]irofession as a divine. "At his or-
dination lie had vowed to serve God in the gospel of his
Son, and he could not make a Bible out of Euclid, nor a
pulpit out of his mathematical chair. His only redress
was to quit them both." He therefore resigned his pro-
fessorship at Gresham College to his friend, the afterwards
illustrious Isaac Newton. In 1670 he was created doctor
of divinity, by royal mandate, and in Feb., 1672. he was
promoted "to the Mastership of Trinity College, the king
observing that he had bestowed it upon " the best scholar
in England." In 1675 he was chosen vice-chancellor of
his university. The life of this great man was now draw-
ing to a close. In April, 1677, he was attacked by a fever,
in London, which terminated fatally on the fourth of May
following. As a mathematician, Barrow undoubtedly oc-
cupies a very high station, although there is a diflerence
of opinion as to the exact position which it is proper to
assign to him. Dr. Pemberton remarks, "He may be
esteemed as having shown a compass of invention equal,
if not superior, to any of the moderns. Sir Isaac Newton
only excepted." It must be remembered that it was at
the early age of thirty-two he was chosen professor of
geometry ; which he resigned seven years later. Had he
felt it consistent with his higher oblig.ations, to continue
his m.athematical researches, it is impossible to predict
the progress he might have made in science.
" On Geometry, as a platform, he paved the way, with his theory
of Inanitvsimal, for the discovery of the Fluxional and Differ-
ential Calculi, by Newton and Leibnitz. Barrow originated the
idea of what has been called the incrrmental triangle, and showed
the error of his predecessors, in affirmiug that a portion of a curve
maybe taken so small that it may. in calculation be considered as
a stiai"ht line. This notion, although one which the mind readily
admits" is utterly untrue, and contradictory to the first principles
of geometry. . , 'Barrow is the author of a work which, in the eyes
of sober-minded matheuiaticians, will always be as classically dear
as the uroivein of Euclid were to the school of Alexandria ; we
mean his Mathematicie Lectiones, perfect models in the hands of
those who are attached to the reasoning of sound geometry,"— i?0S€S
Biog. Die.
His English Theological works collected, first appeared
in 3 vols., folio, in 1686, published under the superiiitond-
ance of Dr. Tillntson and Abraham Hall ; several edits^,
last in 1741. The Opuscula were first published in 1687,
His mathematical works appeared: Euclidis Elemata,
Cantab., 1655; Euclidis Data, Cantab., 1675; Lectiones
Opticic, Lon., 1669; Lectiones Geometrica, Lon., 1670;
Archimedis Opera ; Apollonii Conicorum, Libri IV. : Theo-
dosii Sphierica, Lon., 1675. The following were puldishcd
after his death : Lectio de Spha;ra et Cylindro, Lon., 1678 ;
Lectiones Mathematical, 1783.
The English works were republished at the Clarendon
Press in 18^8, 6 vols. 8vo ; again, Oxford, 8 vols. 8vo. Two
edits, have been pub. with the Opuscula (first printed in
1687) added. The one edited by the Rev. T. S. Hughes, in 7
vols. 8vo, omits the greater p.art of Barrow's learned quo-
tations. The other, edited by the Rev. James Hamilton,
Edin., 1842. 3 vols. Svo, " is complete and correctly
printed." — Darlinijs Cyc. Bill.
Three years later (t. e. in ISib) an excellent edit, was
pub. by Mr. John C. Riker of New York, 3 vols. Svo.
This contains all of the works of Barrow, save his mathe-
matical compositions, which are of little use to the gene-
ral reader. Biographical notices from Hill, Hamilton, &c.
are prefixed, and copious indexes add greatly to the value
of this creditable edition.
Barrow was a man of great wit. His description of
facetiousness has been quoted liy Addison, and was consi-
dered by Dr. Johnson the finest thing in the language.
We quote an instance of his ready wit : Meeting the Earl
of Rochester one day, the witty peer exclaimed, " Doctor,
I am yours to the shoe-tie ;" to which the clergym,an re-
plied. " My lord, I am yours to the ground." The peer
rejoined, "Doctor, I am yours to the centre." "My lord,"
retorted the Doctor, " I am yours to the antipodes." Deter-
mined not to be outdone, his lordship blasphemously added,
" Doctor, I am yours to the lowest pit of hell ;" on which
Barrow turned on his heel, and said, "And there, my lord,
I leave you." Hero was true wit, and something much
better than wit ; — a reproof to a scorner. Of his humanity,
we have the following instance on record:
"Walking .about the premises of a friend in the evening, he
was attacked by a fierce niastitf. which was left unchained at night,
and had not become acquainted with the doctor's pi>rson. He
strui'gled with the dog. .and threw him down; but when on the
point of strangling him. he reflected that the animal was only
doing his duty in sei/.inK a stranger: for which, therefne, he did
not deserve to die. As he durst not loose his hold. 1> st the dog
should seize and tear him, he laid himself down on the animal,
and there remained till some one came to his assistance."
BAR
Of the Dr.'s extreme neglect of his personal appearance,
and the consequences resulting therefrom, we have a ludi-
crous story in the Biographia Britannica. He was noted
for the length of his sermons. Ilis Spital Permon, or the
Duty and Reward of Bounty to the Ponr. " took up three
hours and a half in its delivery. "When :i:^ked at its con-
clusion, if he was not fatigued, he acknowledged that he
began to be weary of standing so long!"
'■ We were once goiiijj from Siilisbury to London, he, Barrow,
in the coach with the Bishop, and I on horseback. As he was en-
tering the coach, I jjeiceived his pockets strutting out near half a
foot, and I said to him, 'What have you f^ut in your pockets?'
Hereplied, •Sermons.' 'Sermons!' saidl,'p;ive them tome; my boy
shall carry them in his portmanteau, and i-ase you of that himjage.'
'But,' said he, 'suppose your boy should l<e*robbed?' 'That is
pleasant,' I said; ' do you think there are persons padding on the
road for sermons ?' ' Why, wliat have you V said he. ' It may be
five or six guineas.' I answered. Barrow replied. 'I hold my ser-
mons at a greater rat^. for they cost me much pains and time,'
•Well then,' said I, 'if you will secure my five or six guineas
against hiy-paclders^ I will secure your sernmns against ercJeiiasti-
ca! highwaijmm: This was agreed. He emptied his pockets, and
filled my portmanteau with his divinity: and we had the good
fortune to come .safe to our journey's end. and bring both our trea-
sures to London."— i^iTpfi's Life of Ward, p. 143.
When Barrow presented himself with others for exami-
nation, as a candidate for the ministry, ho gave the follow-
ing proof of his remarkable readiness. The olil prelate
proceeded to satisfy himself in a summary way, nf the
candidates' qualifications, "by addressing in turn to each
one. three test questions. Commencing with the first, he
asked * Quid est fides ?' Xo wliich each answercil in turn.
Barrow stood last, and when the bishop addressed to him
the question, ^ Quid est fides?' he received the prompt
reply, * Qaod non vides.' The Bishop was a scholar,
although age had somewhat benumbed his energy. On
receiving thi.s answer, he raised him.self in his cliair, and
looking from whence the answer proceeded, gave vent to his
satisfaction in the exclamation ^ Excellentc !' He then
commenced his second round, interrogating each in turn,
as before 'Quid est sprs '/' to which Barrow promptly
replied, 'jVoji duin res!' * Dene, Bene, e.eccUentius T re-
joined the gratified Bishop, and proceeded tu his last ques-
tion, 'Quid est enritnsf From the others he received
various replies, but when Barrow was addressed, he an-
swered, 'Ah, magister, id est pancifas.' * Excellentis-
sime!' shouted the good old man, unable to suppress his
delight, * artt Erasmus est ant d ia bolus !"*
At the time of his appointment to the Mastership of
Trinity College, influence the most powerful was ready to
further his claims, if necessary.
"lie was then the King's chaplain in ordinarv. and much in
fiivour with the Duke of Buckingham, then Chancellor of the
University of Cambridge; as also of Gilbert, Lord Archbishop of
Canterbury ; both of whom were ready, if there had been any need,
to have given him their assistance to obtain this place." — Dr. Pope.
" He was in person of the lesser size, and lean ; of extraordinary
strength, of a fair and calm complexion, a thin .likin- very sensible
of the cold; his eyes grey, clear, and somewhut .shortr.sighted ;
his hair of a light auburn, very fine and curling."
See his friend Abraham Hill's letter to Dr. Tillotson,
dated April 10, 1683. Hill gives Barrow the most exem-
plary character, concluding with,
*■ All I have said, or can say. is fiir short of the idea which Dr.
Barrow's friends have formed of him, and that character which he
ought to appear to them who knew him not. Besides all the de-
fects on my part, he had in himself this disadvantage, of wanting
foils to augment his lustre, and low places to give eminence to his
heights; such vii-tuesas hi.':, contentment in all conditions, candour
m doubtful cases, moderation among differing parties, knowledge
without ostentation, are subjects fitter for praise than narrative."
Another intimate friend, Dr. Pope, tells us.
"He was of a healthy constitution, used no exercise or physic,
besides smoking tobacco, in which he was not sparing, saying it
was an iustar omnium, or pnvpUarmacrm. He was unmercifully
cruel to a lean carcass, not allowing it sufficient me.at or sleep.
During the winter months, and some part of the rest, he rose
always before it was light, never Iwing without a tinder-box and
other proper utensils for that purpose. I hare fnquentlv known
liim, after his first sleep, rise, light, and after burning out his can-
dle, return to bed before day."
His distinguished friend. Archbishop Tillotson, is not a
whit behind Abraham Hill in his commendation of our
divine :
"Of all the men I ever had the happiness to know, he was the
freest from offending in word, coming as near as is possible for hu-
man frailty to do, to the perfect idra of St. James, his pn-frd man."
The names of the two friends are thus beautifully united
by Thomson :
" And for the strength and elegance of Truth,
A Barrow and a Tillotson are thine!"— .17*0?. tn Brit.
"It is one of the regrets of his executor. Hill, that he could
hear of nn enemy and calumny from which to vindicate him. . . .
It made little matter where he dwelt — for if he had not fiiends
before him he soon could make them, and he always carried good
wishes along with him." — Uamilton.
BAR
Having thus largely considered the character of this ex-
cellent man, it is proper that we should speak more parti-
culnrly than we have yet done of those great works of hi.s
which have ever been ranked among the most remarkable
productions of the human mind.
Montuela, in his Histoire des Mathematiques, An. VIL,
tom. II., p. ^%, is full of "admiration" and " enchantment"
when he speaks of the fertility of ideas and the multitude
of new and curious theorems "de ce sacant gcometre."
The Treatise on the Pope's Supremacy would of itself have
placed Barrow in the first class of scholars and controver-
sialists. This he did not live to publish.
" The state of his manuscript, preserved in Trinity College Li-
biary. indicates the prodigious pains which he had bestowed upon
it. chiefly in the compilation of autborili.'S. As it is, no one can
open it at any page without being stru. k by its amazing research.
Yet Barrow was not satisfied wiili what he had already quoted.
Many confirmatory pas^ag.-s were still in his mind, for the insei--
tion of which he lind left l.lank spaces at the time. When on his
death-bed. he pla. cd the whole in the bauds of Dr. Tillotson, say-
ing. ' I hope it is indifferent perfect, though not altogether .as I in-
tended it, if God had granted me longer life.' Had he himself not
indicated those omissions, no one could have detected them." —
Hamilton.
Archbishop Tillotson observes:
"No argument of moment, nay hardly any consideration pro-
perly belonging to it. hath escaped his large and comprehensive
miud. He hath siud enough to silence the controversy forever,
and to deter all wise men, of both sides, from meddling any fur-
ther with it."
Hamilton remarks: "What the Archbishop has said
about its arguments is equally true of its testimonies."
'■ We can imagine nothing whereunto to liken the glorious work
of Barrow, but the mighty tele.scope of Ilerschel— an instrument
which brings up, from the abyss of space, a countless multitude
of luminaries, which hid them.'^elves from the search of unassisted
vision. Even so does the gigantic labour of Barrow call up from the
depths of an1i»[uity a galaxy of witnesses, who pass over our field
of view in perfect order and distinctness, and shed a broad and
st^-ady illuuiination over the path of the inquirer." — BHtish Critic.
"Barrow, not so extensively learned as Taylor, who had read
ratlier too much, but inferior, perhaps, even in that respect to
hardly any one else, and above him in closeness and strength of
reasoning, combated against Kome in many of his sermons, and
especially in a long treatise on papal supremacy. . . . The sermons
of Barrow display a strength of mind, a comprehensiveness and
fertility, which have rarely been equalled. No better proof can be
given than his eight sermons on the government of the tongue;
copious and exhaustive, without tautology or superfluous decla^
mation, they are in moral preaching what" the best parts of Aris-
totle are in ethical philosophy, with more of development and
more extensive observation. . . . His quotations from ancient ph^
losophers. though not so numerous as in Taylor, are equally un-
congenial to our ears. In his style, notwithstanding its richness
and occasional vivacity, we may censure a redundancy and excess
of apposition : his language is more antiquated and formal than
that of his age ; and he abounds too much in uncommon words of
Latin derivation, frequently such as appear to have no authority
but his own. His Latin verse is forcible and full of mind, but not
sufficiently redolent of antiquity." — Hallam.
Chas. 11. used to call Barrow an
" Unfair preacher, because he exhausted every topic, and left no
room ior any thing new to he said by any one who came after him."
Similar to this is the criticism of Le Clerc:
'* Les sermons de cet Auteur sont plutot des Traites, on les Dis-
sertationes exactes. (fue de simples Harangues pour plaire k la
multitude." — Bih. Univtrsdk. tome iii. p. 325.
Dr. Pope, his intimate friend, had anticipated this cri-
tique.
" He thought he had not said enough, if he omitted any thing
that belonged to the subject of his discourse; so that his sermons
seemed rather complete treatises, than orations designed to ba
spoke in an hour."
Coleridge complains that
"B.Trnw often debased his langu-age merely to evidence his loy-
alty. It was. indeed, no easy task for a man of so much genius,
and such a precise mathematical mode of thinking, to adopt, even
for a moment, the slang of L'Estrane;e and Tom Brown; but he
succeeded in doing so sometimes. M'ith the exception of such arts,
Barrow must be considered as closing the first great period of the
English language. Dryden began the .second."
We must not forget the commendation of the Lectiones
Opticjo, conveyed in a letter of James Gregory, the Pcot-
tish Mathematician, to John Collins. Several year.^ after
publication, Barrow had heard of only two men who had
given them a careful perusal, — Slusius of Liege, and James
Gregory ; the latter thus writes :
"Mr. Barrow in his opticks sh^weth himself a most subtile ge-
ometer, so that I think him superior to any that ever I looked
upon. I long exceedingly to see his Geometrical Lectures, espe-
cially l^cause I have some notions upon that subject by mee. I
entreat you to send them to mee presently, as they come from the
presse, for I esteem the author more than yee can imagine."
The author informs us that the publication of these Lec-
tures was urged by his pupil, the afterwards illustrious
Isaac Newton. *' D. IsAACtr,s Newton, Collega noster,
pEREGREGi.E viit iNDOLis AC iNsiGNis PERiTi^," had re-
vised the text, and not only suggested some corrections,
but supplied some important additions from his own store.
BAR
His executor gives us an instauce of the ardour with which
he prosecuted a study once begun ; he found written at the
end of his copy of Apollonius — '^ April 14-Mai 10, Intra
hcec tempuria intervaUu pcri.irtum hoc vpiis."
*' Tbe school of Hooker, Cbillingworth, Mede, and Barrow, is
the school of ai'ute perception and close reasoning. Yet Barrow
was perhaps the most able of the four writers just named; not
only in the systematic division, and masterly elucidation of the
various subjects of which be treats, but in the copiousness of his
ideas and of his language. There is a power aud prodigality of
expression in many of Barrow's discourses, as if the writer were
conscious of the inefficiency of his vornacular tongue to convey
precisely the views and bearin;rs of his thesis. Uis sermon on the
Atonement is one of the most astonishing instances, which present
themselves to my memory, of an eloquence as powerful and per-
suasive as the ideas are orijrinal and sublime." — Dr. Dibdin.
Bishop Heber, speaking of Taylor, Hooker, and Barrow,
thus distinguishes them :
" Of such a triumvirate, who shall settle the pre-eminence? The
first awes most, the second convinces most, the third delifihts and
persuades most. ... To Barrow, the praise must be assigned of
the closest and clearest views, aud of a taste the most controlled
and chastened."
The Rev. E. Bickersteth adds,
*' Ilooker was more correct in doctrine, Barrow most full in
practical instruction, and Taylor most rich in devotional composi-
tion. . . . The powers of Barrow's mind were of the hi;xhest order;
and in his sermons on the passion of Christ, and on his incarna-
tion, we have very able statements of the fundamental truths of
the gospel : and his treatise on the Pope's Supremacy has been
said to be the most valuable on that topic in the English langua^je.
In his sermons on Faith there are some magnificent passages: but
there are others in which we cannot concur, though he distinctly
acknowledges it to be a fruit of the Spirit. . . . His Sermons on
Industry are admirable as comprehending a very valuable mass
of weighty and important motives for industry in general, and in
our callings as Christians, scholars, and gentlemen. It is a book
which may be read through more than once with much advantage;
almost every topic relating to the subject seems discussed, and al-
most every text quoted, but we see not evangelical motives fully
developed. ... In such a sermon as his on the Passion, we are
glad to sit at his feet and learn the very best lessons."
Robt. Uall, in his Review of Gisborue's Sermons, refers
to the
'• Extraordinary merits of Barrow, who has cultivated Christian
morals with so universal an applause of the English public. We
admire, as much as it is possible for our readers to admire, the rich
invention, the masculine sense, the exuberantly copious, yet pre-
cise and energetic diction, which distinguish Barrow, who. by a rare
felicity of genius, united in himself the most distinguishing quali-
ties of the mathematician and the orator. We are astonished at
perceiving in the same person, and in the same composition, the
close logic of Aristotle, combined with the amplifying powers of
Plato."
We find an admirable notice of Barrow in Dugald Stew-
art's Prelim. Diss, to the Enejel. Britannica :
" Among the divines who appeared at this era. it is impossible to
pass over in silence the n.inie of Barrow, whose theological works,
(^adorned throughout by classical erudition, and by a vigorous,
though unpolished, eloquence.) exhibit, in every page, marks of the
same inventive genius which in mathematics has secured to him
a i"ank second alone to that of Newton. As a writer, he is equally
distinguished by the redundancy of his matter, and by the pregnan t
brevity of his expression; but what more peculiarly characterizes
his manner, is a certain air of powerful aud of conscious facility
in the execution of whatever he undertakes. Whether the subject
be mathfin.itiial. metaphysical, or theological, he always seems to
bring to it a mind which feels itself superior to the occasion ; aud
which in contiiiding with the greatest diflicultieSj 'puts forth but
half its strength.' "
Professor Playfair lauds our author's
''Lectures on Optics, delivered at Cambridge in I66S, which
treated of all the more difficult questions which had occurred iu
that state of the science, with the acuteness and depth which are
found in all the writings of that geometer."
"No man that reads T)r. Barrow on any subject whirb he h.as
handled, need rack his invention for topics upon which to speak,
or for arguments to make these topics good." — Dr. Wotton.
" He pushes his imiuiries to the very verge or confines of wljich
they are capable of being pushed : and his works afford a sort nf
logical Encyclopedia. He had the clearest head with which ma-
thematics ever endowed an individual, and one of the purest and
most unsophisticated hearts that ever beat."
'' Barrow's Sermons are too well known to require description.
For profundity of thought and fertility of invention, for bold aud
majestic language, for peculiar beauty and prnprirfy of d.scription,
ttir great strength of argument, and ingenious and sprightly ex-
pression, they are perhaps unrivalled in the English language, or
in any other."
■• Dr. Barrow's Sermons are master-pieces of the kind." — Locke.
Bishop Warburton remarked that " in reading Barrow,
he was obliged to think." Tbo great Earl of Chatham,
when in early life qualifying himself for public speaking,
read BarrowVs Sermons again and again, till he could recite
many of them mcmoritcr. He recommended his son, the
younger Pitt, to study them frequently and deeply. It
was probably tbe example of these great men which caused
the late Daniel Webster, one of the most prominent of
American statesmen, to be so frequent a reader of these
extraordinary specimens of reasoning, eloquence, profun-
dity, an<l pcr.spicuity j combining the keenness of the
132
BAR
Daruiscus blade with the weight of the Highland clay -
more.
We do not wonder that infidelity was put to rout, and
the enemy abashed by the public exposure of the worthless-
ness of the armour wherein he trusted.
" In Barrow we shall remark the deliberate species of eloijuence
existing in the highest force. ... If we look for a manly aud fer-
vid eloquence, for a mighty and sustained power, kept under con-
trol by the severest logic,' for a peculiar quality of mastery and
vigour to which all tasks appear equally easy, we may point with
pride to the writings of Barrow. He is an admirable specimen of
a class of men who fortunately for the political, the literary, and
the theological slory of England, have adorned her two gnat seats
of learning. Oxford and Cambridge, at alui'ist every period of her
history. Possessed of vast, solid, and divtr>ified learning, witli
practice and experience in the affairs of real lite corrected aud ren-
dered philosophical by retirement and meditation, with the intense
and concentiat*-d industry of the monk, guided by the sense of
utility of the man of the world, these vigorous scholars seem pe-
culiarly adapted by Providence to become firm and majestic pillars
of such an ecclesiastical establishment as the Chxu-ch of England.
• Blessed is she' —we mav venture to apply the words of Scripture
— ' for she has her quiver full of them. '"-Pro/, Shaw's OuUtms of
English Literature.
'*• He once uttered a most memorable observation, which charac-
terizes both the intellectual and moral constitution of his mind-
would that it could be engraven on the mind of every youth, a?
his guide through life — ■ A i-tkaightlixelsthesboktestin mokau
AS WELL AS IN GEOMETKV.'" — Cleveland's Comp. of Eng. Lit.
In an article in the Quarterly Review, vol, xxii., on
Pulpit Eloquence, we have a very satisfactory explanation
of the exhaustive character of Barrow's Sermons, which
was referred to by Chas. II. when he called him au *' unfair
preacher."
'■ At the Restoration, men's minds were weary of religious, as
well as civil, turbulence: the countrj^had been so long disti-acted
by the multiplicity of sects, all equally fierce and intolerant, that
repose was the prevailing wish of almost all parties. There was
wanted, therefore, a writ^-r,who. as it were, once for all, should search
every question to the bottom with laborious impartiality ; who
should lay it in all its possible bearings before the understanding ;
who should not merely confute every error, but trace it to its ori-
gin, aud detect its secret operation on the mind; who should, in
short, exhaust as it were, theology. Such a preacher was Barrow.
Endowed with au acuteness which could penetrate every subject,
with a nicety and precision of definition more nearly approaching
than any other modern, except perhaps Bacon, to Aristotle; with
a copiousness and varietv of language, which enabled him to con-
vey to the mind with the utuiost perspicuity the most minute dif-
ferences; Barrow add-d tnall tins some of the yet unextinguished
warmth which had aniniati'd his predecessors, and is occasionally
glowing, vehement, impassioned."
The following eloquent eulogium on our author is from
the same able periodical :
" Never may the English student of theology be weary of the
study of Barrow ! The greatest man of our church— the express
image of her doctrines and spirit— the model, fwe do not hesitate
to say it.)without a f;iult— a pertect masferof the art of reasoning,
yet awaie of the limits to which reason should be confined, now
wielding it with the authoritvof an angel, and now .again stooping
it before the deep things ofGod with the humihty of a child-
alike removed from the Puritan of his own generation, and the
Rationalist of the generation which succeeded him— no precisian,
no latitudinarian : full nf faith, vet free from superstition, a ste-ad-
fast believer in a particular Providence, in the efficacy of human
prayers, in the active influence of God's Spirit, but without one
touch of the visionarv :— Conscious of the deep corruption of our
nature, though still thinking he could discover in it some traces
of God's image in ruins, and under a lively sense of the const^
quences of this corruption, casting himself altogether upon Gods
mercy through the sufferings of a Saviour for the consummation
of ' that day which he desired with a strong desire to attain unto,
when, his mind purged, and his eye clear, he should be permitted
to behold aud understand without the labour and intervention of
slow and successive thought, not this our system alone, but more
and more excellent things than this.' "
Wo have devoted more space than we intended to the
works of this great man. But which of our readers will
blame us ? Exalted as is our theme, it stands not upon its
own merits alone. Great as is the name of Barrow, it is
as but one of the lesser genii who announces the coming
of one far mightier, before whom all subordinate powers
bow in lowly reverence. Barrow was the most conspicuous
star that had arisen in that twilight dawning which pre-
ceded the full burst of a new day of scientific truth ; but
as the brightest star must pale before the glory of the sun
when he "goeth forth in bis strength," so must the fame
of Barrow give place to the mighty name of Newton.
In imagination we are carried some two centuries back,
and in the classical halls of Trinity College we behold, in
studious converse, a tutor who softens tbe austerity of in-
struction with the benignity of parental interest, and a
pale-faced youth, whose ductile mind gladly receives thosu
seeds of knowledge, which, by tbe richness of its soil, it shall
shortly reproduce, augmented ahundred fold. Yes ! here is
the " Isaac Newton of our college." as Barrow affectionately
styles him ; — "peregregia? vir indolis ae insignis peritia'."
Thou hast read him well, philosopher! Thy master is
BAR
BAR
before thee in that modest tyro, who now drinks in every
accent of thy words of wisdom. Thy phice shall he given
to one greater than thou; yet shalt thou he highly exalted
in the nohle office of making known to a perishing world
the glad tidings of eternal life, through the proclamation
of the everlastitg gospel. The scholar assumed the ma-
thematical chair, when his master, who had resigned it in
his favour, ascended the pulpit. Between such men, the
idea of i-ivalry is out of place. They laboured for one
end. they advanced the same cause, though in different
departments of the Master's vineyard.
The distinguished tutor and his illustrious pupil, Isaac
Newton and Isaac Barrow, the philosopher-divine and
the divine-philosopher, the one from the scientific chair,
and the other from the sacred desk, served their genera-
tion as chosen expositors of the ways of Providence and
the revelation of His word; and their recorded teachings
shall, to remotest times and as yet unpeopled regions, de-
clare the "wonderful works of God !"
Barrow, James. A Poem on the Peace between
Great Brit^iin and France. Lon., 1802, 4to.
Barrow, John. Visit^ation Sermon, lfiS.3. 4to.
Barrow, John. New Medicinal Dictionary, con-
taining an Kxphmation of all the Terras used in Physic,
Ac, Lon., 1749, 8vo. New Essay of the Practice of Phy-
sic, Lon., 1767.
Barrow, John. Navigatio Britannica, or a complete
System of Navigation in all its Branches, Lon., 1750. 4tn.
" In this pc-rfniiiKtnce. the author, from a few self-evident prin-
ciples, and in a methodical and perspicuous manner, leads the
learner, as it were, by the hand, thro' a yradual ascent, till he be-
comes a complete master both of the theory and practice of the
whole art." — Lon. Monthly Eevieiv.
A New and Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences,
Lon., 175.3, folio. A Supplement, 1755, fol. A Collection
of Authentic, Useful, and Entertaining Voyages and
Discoveries, digested in a Chronological Series. 1675. .3
vols. 12mo. ; the first edit, of this was i)ub. anonymously
in 1756, and was entitled A Chronological Abridgement,
or History of Discoveries made by Europeans in different
parts of the World. The 2d edit, was much enlarged,
and succeeded so well that Targe pub. a translation in
French, in the next year, at Paris, in 12 vols.
Barrow, Sir John, 1764-lvS4y, distinguished him-
self by his scicntiiic acquirements and his valuable
accounts of Travels and Voyages. As private secretary
to Sir George Staunton, who accompanied the Earl of
Macartney in his expedition to China, and as under-
secretary to the Admiralty, he enjoyed pcf^uHar advantages
for personal observation and access to the recorded expe-
rience of others. Parry and Franklin have been much
indebted to the suggestions of Sir John Barrow, and most
of the scientific expeditions that have been undertaken by
England for the last twenty years have been referred (o
Sir John for approval. His work on Cochin China has
been translated (!) into French by Malte Brun. De
Guignes wrote a treatise on one of his works, entitled Ob-
servations sur les voyages de Barrow a la Chine. See
Georgian Era. A work on Mathematical Drawing Instru-
ments, Lon., 1790. Account of Travels into the Interior
of Southern Africa in the years 1797 and 179S, Lon., 4to,
2 vols., lSOl-04; 2d ed., 1806.
" Very few writers of travels have po5:<;ps«:pd such a variety and
extent of information, both political and srientitic as Mr. Barrow:
hence these volumes are acceptable and instructive to all classes
of readers, and have attained a celebrity not greater than they de-
serve."— Stevenson.
Travels in China, 4to, Lon. 1804; 2d edit. 1806.
"The mnst valuable and interestinfr account of the Chinese na-
tion that has been yet laid before the public."' — luh'nhvrgh Jfcview.
A Voyage to Cochin China in the years 1793 and 179.3:
to which is annexed an Account of a Journey made in
the years ISOl and 1S02 to the residence of the Chief of
the Booshuana Nation. 4to, Lon., 1S06.
" Perhaps the most valuable of all Mr. Barrow's travels, as it
relates to a country unt previouslv known, except by the account
of the missionaries. . . . In 1S09. a pretended French translation
by :\ralte Rrun .-ippeared. in which the text of Barrow was com-
pletely perverted and corrupted."' — Low?fBES.
Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from
the unpublished Writings, of the Earl of Macartney, &c.,
2 vols. 4to, Lon, 1807. This work should accompany
Sir George Staunton's account of his Lordship's embassy
to China.
" The short sketch relatintr to Russia contains more information
than is to be met with in many 4t<? volumes." — Qiinrfprli/ Rpview.
Chronological History of Voyages into the Polar Re-
gions. Ac, Svo, Lon., ISIS.
" ITis most elaborate work !■= An TTistnrical Account of Vova^es
Into the Arctic Regions, for which his situation as uuder-secretary
to the Admiralty and his own extensive geographical information
well fitted him." — Gef-rgian Era.
Life of Lord Howe, Admiral o*" the British Fleet,
chiefly compiled from Original and unpublished Docu-
ments, Svo, 1838.
" An adniir.ible piece of biography, which should be perused by
every Englishman glowing with the love of his country, and be
placed in the hands of everj'' youth destined for the naval profea-
sinn. There had previously been no even tolerable life of this
LM-cnt hero nf the glorious first of June. The new materials at
til'- dispiisai of f^ir John Barrow, consisted of Earl Howe's journal.
^l^l^ill^' all the time his fla;; was up — upwards of four hundred let-
teis ill his own hand-writing, and many addressed to him by royal
and ofTirial persons, as well as by lii-^ privati- friends; and. as mav
be supposed, the author's station and l.-ie.'' '■xpcrience as .Secretary
of the Admiralty have opened for hiiu all our tlovernment depo-
sitories, and qualified him to make au excellent use of whatever
these or other sources afforded hia»." — Lrm. QuarUrly Rn-uw.
"We conceive that this work is calculated, in many respects, to
do more good as a manual in the hands nf our rii^ing young offi-
cers, than even Pouthey's Life of Nelson." — Edinhurgh Review.
Life of Lord Anson, Admiral of the British Fleet, in-
cluding an Outline of his Voyage Round the World, com-
piled from Official Documents and the Family Papers,
Svo. Lon.. 18:^9.
"That Anson's Life and memorable Voyages should be illus-
trated by one who has superintended the equipment and progress
of so many similar undertakings, is every way fitting; and we
therefore congratulate the public on this acceptable publication.
We have often looked anxiously for a life of Anson ; particularlr
as we know that amongst officers of the navy, this blank in their
professional litei-ature was much lamented. It is a piece of good
fortune both to the service and the countrj^ that the task has
fulli'n into the hands of one so pre-eminently competent as well
by his position as by his scientific knowledge and literary talents."
— lufhihurgli Review.
Dibdin in the Library Companion remarks, referring to
Anson, "considering what he saw, and what he accom-
plished, it is to be regretted that we are not in possessiou
of a more perfect record of his achievements."
This work is exactly what was required.
■' The Appendix (64 pagesi on the present state of the navies of
Cireat Britain, France. Russia, .\merica, ic, and on the manning
and health of the navy, is a very impttrtant document, and will be
read with immediate and infinite interest.'' — Literary Gazette.
The Life, Voyages, and Exploits of Admiral Sir Francis
Drake, Knt., p. 400; 2d edit, abridged, p. 200. Reprinted
in Murray's Colonial Library. Autobiographical Memoir.
Memoirs of Naval Worthies. Mutiny of the Bounty.
Sketches of the Royal Society and its Club.
Autobiography of Sir John Barrow, Bart., late of the
Admiralty,' 8vo,"l847.
" Sir John Barrow undertakes his task in a manner which must
eet every reader at ease. Possessing — not idly boasting — a mens
Sana in corpnre saiin — bearing testimony, throughout his narra-
tive, to the honourable and healthy influences of work, and to the
certainty with which enertry and self-improvement will advance
the fortunes of one lowly born — we have rarely looked into a re-
cord of ei-rhty ye.ars which chronirles so much of prosperity and
happiness. Nor can we ti">rget that .'^ir John Barrow's public career
lay in the most interesting and varii'd hemisphere of the official
world. In short, here is another pleas;int English book to bo
added to the Englishman's library." — Aihcnanim..
Barrow, John, Jr., son of the preceding. Excur-
sions in the North of Europe, Ac, Svo, Lon., 1835.
" If the work were less meritorious than it is, we should still
have applauded the spirit of the undertaking; but. in fact, th ;
execufion is fully equal to the purpose, and we have seldom read
a more amusing narrative. Nothinir is barren to this inquisitive
and candid traveller." — Quarterly Review.
Visit to Iceland, by way of Tronyem, in the summer of
1S34, Lou., Svo, 18.35.
" We found Mr. Barrow's former journal f^Kxcursion to the North
of Europe) so pleasant, and, compared with the writings of travel-
lers on the beaten hijh road of the r,,iitinent. so fresh, that we
were glad to receive his Visit to Iceland, and think it quite as
interesting, and fully as unaffected in style as its predecessor.
The book is. on the whole, a manly and pleasant one. and we hope
Sir. Barrow will not give up hi^ summer rambles." — Lou-Afhena-um.
Tour round Ireland in the Autumn of 1835, Lon., Svo,
1836. Tour in Austrian Lombardy, Bavaria, Ac, p. Svo,
1S40. Memoir of his Father, Sir John Barrow.
" Mr. Barrow's volume is shrewd and lively: liis eyes are sharp,
and what he sees he never fails to place in a clear and entertain-
ing manner before us."' — 7>m. Quar. Rev.
Itarrow, John H., d. 1S58. 1. Mirror of Parlia-
ment. 2. Kiuir Maleek, and other works. For many
years cuinected with the London press.
Barrow, S. Religious School-Books, Lon., 1812, *13.
Barrow, William, b. about 1754, d. 1836. studied at
Queen's College. Oxford. lie delivered the Bampton Lec-
tures for 1709 ; when published in a volume, they met with
a rapid sale. An Essay on Education. 12mo, Lon., 1802.
Two large editions were sold in a few years. Sermons
pub. at various dates. After retiring from the duties of a
school, of which he had charere for 17 years,
" He divided his time between his books, to which he alwavs re*
133
BAR
BAR
fained a stronjc attaL-bment. and the conversation and society of
his friends, to whom his visits were always acceptable; not decliu-
int;, however, to Rive gratuitous assistance to hia clerical friends in
the duties of his proti-ssiun, or to preach occasional sermons, of
wliicb many were published at the request of the audiences to
which they were respectively addressed." — Lnn. Gent, M<ig.
The Familiar Sermons on several of the Doctrines and
Duties of the Christian Religion, (Lon., 1818,) were pub.
with the avowed design of preseuting the junior clergy
with models of pulpit composition.
BarroweSf or Barrowe, Henry, a Browni?t, was
executed at Tyburn with John Greenwood, April H, 1592,
being found guilty under an indictment (statute 23 Eliz.)
*' for writing and publishing sundry seditious books and
pamphlets tending to the slander of the queen and govern-
ment." See Brook's Lives of the Puritans. He wrote
I. A Brief Discoverie of the False Church ; as is the Mother
such the Daughter is, Lon., 1590, 4to; containing 263 pages.
Keprinted in 170". 2. Platform, which may serve as a Pre-
parative to drive away Prelatism, 1593, Svo. A copy of
this rare work is in the British Museum.
Barrs, George. Sketch rel. to Church of Rowley
Regis, 1813.
Barry, Lord Yelvcrtou. Speech in House of Lords
on Union between (ir. Britain and Ireland, 1800.
Barry, Earl Faruham. Exam, of a Speech by
Lord Minto. Ac. ISOO.
Barry, Sir David, M.D., 1780-1835. Researches on
the Influence exercised by Atmospheric Pressure upon the
Progression of the Blood in the Veins, upon tho function
called Absorption, and upon the Prevention and Cure of
the symptoms caused by the Bites of Rabid or Venomous
Animals, Lon., 1826.
•■ Without admittinj; all the inferences di-awn by Dr. Barry upon
this subject, the work must be allowed to be very iuii>ortant, and
to display great ability on the part of the author. It excited con-
siderable interest both at home and abroad."
Barry, Edward, M.D.. D.D., b. about 1759, d. 1822,
studied at the University of St. Andrews. He pub. a num-
ber of works ou medicine, law, divinity, and politics, Lon.,
1783-1809.
Barry, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 1776, studied at Ley-
don, under Boerhaave. Treatise ou Consumption of the
Lungs. Dub., 172G: Lon., 1727, Svo, On Digestions. Dis-
charges. Ac, Lon.. 1759. Ccm. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1732-41:.
On the Wines of the Ancients, &c., Lon,, 1775.
" The substance of this work will be found in Dr. Alex, Hender-
son's History of Wines." — Lowndes.
But Mr. Lowndes should have stated that Dr. Barry's
was a prior publication. Henderson's History was pub.
in 1824.
Barry, Garret. Discourse of Military Discipline de-
rided into three Boockes, Bruxelles. 1634, sm. fol.
" This singular and extremely curious work is not noticed by
Grose in his history of the English Army." — Lowndes.
Barry, George, 1747-1804, was minister of the parish
of Shapinshay. He was a contributor to Sir John Sin-
clair's Statistical Account of Scotland, Ediu., 1792-99, Svo.
He devoted several years to collecting materials for a civil
and natural history of the 67 Islands of Orkney, and in
1805 pub. The History of the Orkney Islands, ic, Edin.
and Lon., 4to.
" No inconsiderable interest is certainly imparted to the con-
tents of this volume, by the remoteness of the Orkneys, the little
intercourse which they hold with the central parts of the empire,
the incidents of a foreij^n population, their lonj^ connection with
another state, their subsequent incorpoi-ation with tho crown of
Scotland, and the differences of their manners, laws, and usages."
— Lon. Monthly Review.
Barry, Girald, usually called Giraldus Cam-
breusis, or Girald of Wales, was born about 1146,
and is supposed to have died aliout the year 1223. His
father, William de Barri. was a powerful Norman baron,
hi.s mother was a descendant of the princes of South Wales.
His education was completed at the University of Paris,
where he studied for three years, and proved bis natural
genius and assiduity in study by his famous lectures on
rhetoric and polite literature. Returning to England in
1172, ho entered into holy orders, and obtained several
benefices in England and Wales. Upon the death of his
uncle, David Fitz-Gerald, Bishop of St. David's, who had
directed his early studie.-^. the chapter made choice of Gl-
raldus as his successor; but the np]ni,sition of King Henry
II. prevented this proniutiun. Hercup«»n (iiraldus, in 1176,
returned to Paris, and renewed his studies in theology,
and in the civil and canon law. paying especial attention
to tho decretals, or papal constitutions. In IISO he again
visited England, and in 11S5, whilst acting as secretary
and privy counsellor to Prince {afterwards King) John,
who was at this time in Ireland, ho commenced collectinir
134
the materials for his Topographia Hibernian, which ho
completed in 1187. In this year he read this work, tha
three books, on three successive days, before a public audi-
ence at Oxford. Knowing that men are accessible in other
ways than through love of letters, he gave sumptuous
entertainments one day to the poor of the town, the second
day to the doctors and scholars of celebrity, and the third
diiy to the scholars of lower rank, the soldiers, townsmen,
and burgesses.
Giraldus is not at all too modest to inform us of his uni-
form success as a disputant, and of the marvellous effects
of his eloquence. So great he assures us was the latter,
that those who were ignorant of the Latin or French, in
which he addressed them, were still moved to tears by his
orations !
In 11 98 PeterdeLeia, preferred by the choice of Henry II.
to the bishopric of St. David's, in place of Giraldus, was
removed by death, and again Giraldus was elected, but the
Archbishop of Canterbury refused to accept the nomina-
tion. The chapter again elected him, and Giraldus visited
Rome to plead on their behalf. The pope decided against
the bi.sbop-elect in 1203, and Geofl'rey de Hcnlawe was
elected Bishop of St. David's. Thus disappointed, he re-
nounced all ambitious hopes, and devoted himself to lite-
rary composition. When overtures were made to him in
1215 to accept of the again vacant see of St. David's, he
judged it best under the circumstances of the case to de-
cline all advances. He finished two of his most important
works, De Principis Instructione, and the Speculum Eccle-
siiE,in 1210, in which year he also revised a second edition
of the dialogues of the church of St. David's. Tanner
quotes a document which states that in 1223 the church
of Chesterton in Oxfordshire was vacant "by the death
of Master G. de Barri," from which we presume this to
have been the date of his death. Giraldus was undoubt-
edly one of the brightest ornaments of his age.
" Noble in his liirth. and comely in his person ; mild in his man-
ners, and affable in !iis conversation; zealous, active, and un-
daunted in maiutaiuiug the rii,'bts and dignities of his church;
moral in his character, and orthodox in his principles; charitable
and disinterested, though ambitious; learned, though supersti-
tious: such wasUiraldus. And. in whatever point of view we exa-
mine the charact-er of this extraordinary man. whether as a scho-
lar, a patriot, or a divine, we m.ay justly consider him as one of
the brightt'st luminaries that adorned the annals of the twelfth
century."
So writes Sir Richard Colt Hoare. who, in 1806, pub. in
two splendid quarto volumes, the Itinerary of Archbishop
Baldwin through Wales, A. d. IISS, by Giraldus de Barri;
translated into English, and illustrated with views, anno-
tations, and a life of Giraldus.
Giraldus was a voluminous author: his own list con-
sists of
1. The Chronography and Cosmography in Latin hexa-
meters and pentameters. Not known to be in existence.
2. The Topographia Hibernifc, in 3 books, printed Franc-
fort, 1602. and in Holinshed. 3. The Expugnatio Hiber-
nlsif sivo Historia Vaticiualis; an Account of the Norman
Conquest of Ireland, being a sequel to the preceding work,
" The many invectives contained in it against Ireland, and the
natives of it, the fables with which it ahnundt'd. and the gross
errors through the whole, alarmed many of the Irish, and set their
pens a-going.'*
Archbishop Usher's opinion is highly favourable :
'■ Viruni Aut)r|nii;ilinn. luiu Iliberuiji.' solum sua;, sed aliariun
etiam gentium scieiilissimum.''
4. Legends of Saints. Some of these lives have been
printed in Wharton's Anglia Sacra. 5. The Life of Geof-
frey, Archbishop of York. Printed by Wharton. Com-
piled in 1193. 6. Symbolum Elcetorum. Not printed.
7. Liber Invectionuiu. 8. Speculum duorum commonitorum
et consolatorium. Both of these books are supposed to be lust.
9. Gemma Eoclesiastica. 10. The Itinerary of Cambria.
11. The Topographia Cambria, in 2 books. The 1st only
was printed in the earliest editions. Tho 2d was first
printed in the Anglia Sacra. 12. De Fidei Fructu fideli-
que Defectu ; which is lost. 13. De Principis Instruc-
tione. 14. De Gestis Giraldi Laboriosis. 15. De Jure et
Sbitu Menevensis ecclcsice.
The above (from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.) complete
Giraldus's own list; but the Speculum Ecclesitx, one of his
latest and most remarkable productions, must be added.
Harry, J. M., M.D. The Cow-Pox, Cork, 1800.
Barry, James, Lord of Sautry, 1598-1673. Tho
Case of Tenures, ic, Dubl., 1637, fob; repr. 1725, 12mo.
Barry, James, 1741-1806, a distinguished painter,
b. at Cork. He pub. a number of profess, works, 1775-
93. which wore ct.llectcd and pub. in 2 vols. 4to, 1S09,
Lon. ; Lite prefixed. In earl}' life Barry was enabled to
study his art ia Italy, through the bounty of that orna-
BAR
ment to human nature, Kdiuun.l Burke. Sec Barry's Let-
ters iM liurke, in the " Correspou.Ienco" of the hitter.
Barry, M. J., aud \V. Keogh. A Treatise on the
Practice of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland, Dubl.,
1S41. 8vo.
" It is the condensation of the works of Daniell, Mitford, Story,
Ihirriion, aud Hare upou the sul'ject of Equity Pleading and
Tracticu adapted to the Irish Equity Rules and Decisionu. The
authors have written their wurk with a constant reference to the
best autliorities; auri it will be consulted with advanUige by every
Kquity lawyer." — Marviti's Legal Bibl.
Barry, Thos, Monsipi Indians, 1797-1800.
Barry, Thos. tie, a Scottish poet, flourished about
lljyij. lie was a canon of Gla^^gow, and the first provost
of Bothwcll. He was the authur of a Latin poem in ho-
uuur of the battle of Utterbuurne. See Extracts in For-
iuu's Scoti-Chronicun, by Bower, lib. xiv. cap. 54.
"Of the leuuine kind, and'sullicieully barbarous."— De. Irvin'G.
Barstou, John. Safcj^uarde of Sucictie, Lon., 1576,
BarteII,Ed.,Jr. Town of Cromer, ISOU. Hints, ISO-i.
Barter, Charles. Sermon, 1SU6,
Barthlet, J. Pedegrewoof Pop. Ileretiques.Lon,, 1566,
B a rtholo Ulceus, Bishop of Exeter, d. about 11S7, is
honourably mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis as one of
the great luminaries of his country. His best-known work
is a Penitential : a cumpilatiou from similar works, and
the canons and constitutions of the Church. Among his
other works were Dialogues against the Jews, (in MS, in
the Bodleian Library,) and, according to Leland, a treatise
De Praidestinatione et Libcro ArbiLrio. Bale and Pits
ascribe several other works to this author. See Bale,
Pits, and Biog, Brit. Lit.
Barthulomfeus Anglicus, or Glanvil, flourished
about loiiO. He was of the family of the Earls of Suflolk,
and by profession a Franciscan monk. He pursued his
studies at Oxford, Paris, and Rome, paying especial atten-
tion to the writings of Aristotle, Plato, and Pliny. The
result of his learned investigations (besides articles of less
note) was his celebrated work in Latin, De Proprietatibus
Rerum, which is composed of 19 dissertations, upon the
Supreme Being, angels, devils, the soul, the body, animals,
ic. In some copies there is an additional book not of his
composition. Glanvil was largely indebted to the Specu-
lum Naturale of Beauvais. This work was very popular,
and translations were made into the English, French,
Dutch, and Spanish languages. Fur an account of the
various editions and for other works of this author, see
Bale, Tanner, Brunet. Watt. Lowndes, &c. John Trevisa's
translation into English is the most splendid production of
the press of Wynkyn dc Worde, (s/jif an}W.) A copy was
sold at the White Knight's sale (1778) for £53 11*.; Al-
chorne. (158,) imperfect, £1.3 13«. ; Roxburghe, (1569,) two
leaves wanting, £70 78. The next edition was printed in
1535. fob, and the 3d and last cd. in 1582. fol,
Bartholomew, Mrs. Anuie E., b. at Sodon, Nor-
folk, Eng.. during the early part of the present century.
The Sougs of Azrael : a vol. of Poems. The King, or the
Farmer's Daughter; a Play, 1829. It's Only My Aunt;
a Farce, 1S49.
Bartholomew, John. Fall of the French Monarchy,
17 yi.
Bartholomew, Wm, Sermon on Proclaiming King
Charles II.. Luke xi. 21, 22, 1660, 4to.
Bartlet, Richard. Serm., John xii. 13, Lon., 1655.
Bartlet, Wm, Congregational Way, Lon., 1647.
Bartlet, Wm, Sermons. 1714-18.
Bartlet, William S., A.M., b. 1809, at Newburyport,
Mass., Rector of St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, Mass. The
Frontier Missionary: a Memoir of the Life of the Rev.
Jacob Bailey, A.M., forming the 2d vol. of the collections
of the Prot. Epis. Hist, St)c., Bost., 1S53, Svo. Highly
comnicudt'd in the Chris. Exam., N. Amer. Rev., &c.
Bartlctt, Benj,, 1714-1787, a writer on numismatics
and topography. The Episcopal Coins of Durham and
the Monastic Coins of Reading, minted during the Reigns
of Edward I., IL, and III., appropriated to their respec-
tive owners; Archaeol., v. 335, 1779. On the Episcopal
Coins of Durham, Newcastle, 1S17: 105 copies printed.
Episcopal Coins of Durham and Monastic Coins of Read-
ing; Darlington. Manduessedum Romanorum, [Manches-
ter,] Lon., 1791. This is the first portion of the continua-
tion of the Biblioth. Topog. Brit. Mr. Bartlctt formed a
valuable collection of coins, &q.
Bartlett, David W., b. 1828. What I Saw in Lon-
don. Life of Lady Jane Grey. Life of Frank Pierce.
Pen-Portraits oi' Modern Agitators, kc.
Bartlctt, Elisha, M.D.. 1805-1855, b. Smithfield,
R.L; grad. Med. Dept. Brown Univ., 1826; Prof, in Dart-
BAU
mouth ColL, 1839; Transylvania Univ., Ky., 1841 ; Univ.
Md., 1844, and again at Trans. Univ., 1846; Louisville in
1849; in Univ. of New York, 1850; and in 1851 in the
N.Y. Coll. of Physicians aud Surgeons, which position he
held uutil his death. 1. Imiuiry into the Certainty of
Medicines. 2. Philosophy of Medicines, Svo. 3. Fevers
of the U.S., 8vo : other medical works. 4. A vol. of Poems
entitled Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits aud Pic-
tures fn-ni Mr. Dickens's Gallery, 1855.
Bartlett, J. Di?eases of Horses, dkc, Lon., 1754, '58. '64.
Bartlett, John. A Collection of Familiar Quota-
tions, Cambridge, Mass., 1855; 3d ed., with Supp., 1858,
12mo.
Bartlett, John Russell, b. Oct. 23, 1805, at Provi-
dence, K.L, a merchant ; from 1850-53, Commissioner on
the part of the U.S. for running the Mexican boundary-
line. Progress of Ethnology: an Account of Recent
Archieological, Philological, and Geographical Researches
tending to elucidate the Physical History of Man, N.Y.,
1847, Svo. Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, N.Y., 18-19-
Dictionary of Americanisms : a Glossary of Words and
Phrases usually regarded as peculiar to the United States,
N.Y., 1848, Svo, pp. 412; new ed.. 1858, Personal Nar-
rative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New
Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, connected
with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission
in the Years 1850, '51, '52, '53, N.Y., 1854, 2 vols. Svo.
"This work of Mr. Bartlett is replete with interest from tba
manner in which be has jottt-cl down his observations. The style
is simple and unpreteudio;;. and all the more graphic and attractive
on that account. The incid*-'uts— many exciting, some aniuding,
others hnmorous, and all entertaining — evidently were recorded
while they were fresh in the mind of the author; and in the same
fresh way they will reach the mind of the reader." — A^I' Knicktr-
hocker, July, lSo4.
Official Despatches and Correspondence connected with
the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, —
Senate Document No. lUt, 31st Congress, 1st Session.
Bartlett, Joseph, 176.3-1827, grad, at Harvard,
1782. In 170U he clelivcred a poem on Physiognomy be-
fore tho Phi Beta Kappa Soc. of Harvard. An ed. of his
poems Tvas pub. at Boston, 1823. and dedicated to John
Quiucy Adams ; appended to which were a number of
Aphorisms on Men. Manners. Principles, and Tbini::s.
Bartlett, Josiah, M.D., 1759-1820, b. in Charles-
town, Mass. Progress of Medical Science in Mass.. 1810.
History of Charlestown, 1814. Address to Eree Masons,
1797. Oration on Death of Dr. John Warren, 1815.
Bartlett, William Henry, 1809-1854, a native of
Kentish Town, the most eminent pupil educated by John
Britton, the architectural antiquary, travelled extensively
through Europe, Asia. Africa, and America, and gave
many graphic illustrations of the results of his investiga-
tions. In addition to nearly one thousand miscellaneous
plates engraved from his drawings made in Switzerland,
Scotland, &c., he pub, the following volumes. 1. American
Scenery, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 4to : literary department by
N. P. Willis. 2. Beauties of the Bosphorus. 1840. 4to :
descriptions by Miss Pardee. 3. Scenery and Antiquities
of Ireland, 1842, 2 vols. 4to: the literary portion by N. P.
Willis. 4. Walks in and about Jerusalem, 1845, r. Svo;
4th ed., 1852, r. Svo. 5. Topography of Jerusalem, 1845.
6. Forty Days in the Desert : Cairo to Mount Sinai,
1848, r. Svo; 5th ed., 1853. r. Svo. 7. The Nile Boat; or,
Glimpses of the Land of Egypt, 1S49, sup. r, Svo; 2d ed.,
1852, sup. r. Svo. 8. Pictorial Gleanings on the Overland
Route, 1S50, r. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, r. Svo. 9. Scriptural
Sites aud Scenes, 1851. p. Svo. 10. Footsteps of our Lord
and his Apostles, 1851, r. Svo; 4th ed., 1856, r. Svo. 11.
Pictures from Sicily, 1852, r, Svo. 12. The Pilgrim
Fathers, 1853, r. Svo. 13. Jerusalem Revisited, 1854,
r. Svo, See A Brief Memoir of the late William Henry
Bartlett, by William Beattie, M.D., author of Switzerland
Illustrated, Ac, [and the friend and fellow-traveller of
Mr. Bartlett.] 1855. sni. 4to, jip. 52. See a review of this
volume in Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1855, 611. and a bio-
graphical notice of Mr. Bartlett in the same periodical,
Feb. 1855, 212. See also Beattie, William, M.D.
Bartlett, Wm. H. C, b. 1804. Lancaster co., Penna.
Elementary Treatise on Optics, 1839, Svo. Treatise on
Synthetic Mechanics, in Elements of Nat. Phil.; 2d cd.,
1851. Analytical Mechanics: 2d cd., 1854, Treatise on
Acoustics and Optics, 1852, Svo. Treatise on Sjibcrical
Astronomy, 1855, Svo. Contrib. Silliman's Journal. Phi-
losophical Society of Phila., Ac.
Bartley, Neh, Conversion of Pasture Lands into
Tillage, Ac, Lon., 1802, Svo. Letters on Clothing Wool,
1802, Svo.
135
BAR
BAR
Hartley, O. W, Vaccination, Bristol, 1810. A
Treatise un Fitrensic Medicine, Bristol, 1815.
Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, b. 181M. Freeport, Maine;
grud. Bowduiu Coll., 18;i2 ; at Harvard Divinity School,
1835. 1. Scrmnns on the Christian Spirit and Life, 12mo.
2. Sermons on the Christian Body and Form, 12mo. 3.
Pictures of Europe, 12mo: see Lon. Athenceiim, No. 1478,
Jan. 19, 1856. 4. West Church and its Ministers. 5.
Church and Congregations: a Plea for their Unity, 185S:
see N. A. Rev.. July, 1858. 6. Grains of Gold : a Selection
from his writings. Contrib. to Chris. Exam., N. A. Rev., &c.
Barton. Italian Gr:immar, Lon.. 1719.
Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D., 1766-1815, an
eminent physician, bntanist, and philologist, was the son
of the Rev. Thomas Barton, an Episcopal minister, anative
of Ireland, who emigrated to America and in 1753 married
at Philadelphia a sister of Mr. David Rittcnhouse. The
subjectof our memoir was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
He pursued his studies for some years in New Yurk and
Philadelphia; and in 1786 went to Edinburgh, where for
about two years he enjoyed the great advantage of hear-
ing the lectures of Professors Walker, Gregory, Black, and
Home. He obtained his medical degree at Gottingen. In
1789 he returned to Philadelphia, and in the same year
was appointed professor of Natural History and Botany
in the College of Pliiladelphia. and continued to occupy
the chair, when, in 1791. the college was incorporated with
the University of Pennsylvania. He continued his con-
nection with this institution until his death in 1815. In
1795 he succeeded Dr. Griffith in the chair of Materia
Medica; and upon the death of Dr. Rush in 1813, he was
appointed his successor in the chair of the practice of
Physic, which he held in conjunction with that of Botany
and Natural History, during his life. In 1809 he was
elected President of the Pbila. Medical Society. In 1797
he married a daughter of Edwanl Penington, Esq., an
eminent citizen of Philadelphia, by whom lie had one son
and a daughter.
Edward Penington was a descendant of the celebrated
Isaac Penington of London, whose father wn? lord mayor
in 1642. (See Penington, Isaac, in this volume.) His
family at the present day, (1854,) after the lapse of two
centuries, is one of the first in America. From John Pen-
ington, Esi|,, of Philadelphia, (grandson to the father-in-
law of Dr. Barton,) well known for his erudition and lite-
rary taste, we learn that the subject of our memoir was
taught to draw by Major Amlre, at the time a prisoner
of war in Lancaster. See Penington, John.
Dr. Barton united untiring industry with great natural
talents, a warm zeal in scientific investigation, and un-
common attainments in many branches of knowledge.
At the age of 16. Barton coni])Osed an Essay on the Vices
of the Times. Thus early did he assume the position of
a teacher !
Obr^ervations on some parts of Natural History, to which
is prefixed an account of several remarkable vestiges of
an ancient date, which hare been discovered in different
parts of North America. Part I., Lon., 1787, 8vo, Dilly.
This was pub., it will be noticed, whilst the author was
resident in London. It was not continued. It relates to an-
tiquities, giving an account of the Indian ruins in the Mus-
kingum, with some remarks on the first peopling of America.
" A prefixed advertisement to this work informs us that it is the
production of a very youn.s man. written chiefly as a recreation
from the laborious studies of medicine. It is. however, a curious
tract; we have here only the first part: the other three, which
will complete the work, are to be published in a few months." —
Lon. Miinthly Rn^iew.
Papers relative to certain American Antiquities, Phil.,
1796, 4to. Collections for an Essay towards a Materia
Medica of the United States, Phila., 1708, 8vo. Frag-
ments of the Natural History of Pennsylvania, Part I,
Phila., 1800, fol. Memoir concerning the Fascinating
Faculty ascribed to the Rattle Snake, Pliila., 1796, 8vo.
Printed only for private distribution. Sujiplement to ditto.
Some account of the Siren Lacertina. and other species of
the same genus of Amphibious Animals : in a letter to Mr.
J. G. Schneider of Saxony. 50 copies printed in 1808.
Keprintcd 1821. Elements of Botany. Phila., ISm ; Lon.,
1804, R. Svo. Contributions to Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc,
1793-99; to Nic. Jour., 1805-12. In 1805 he commenced
the Med. and Physical Journal, to which he contributed
many articles of value. For further information respect-
ing Dr. B.'irton and his works, see Bing. Sketch by his
nephew, W. P. C. Barton. M.D., etc.; Rose's Biog. Diet.,
and Thitcher's Med. Biog.
Barton, Bernard, 1784-1849, often called The
QuAKKii Poet, was born in the vicinitv of London, In
136
1810" he obtained a clerkship in the Messrs. Alexander's
bajik at Woodbridge, which situation he held for the rest
of his life. At one time he thought of resigning his post
and devoting himself entirely to literature j but his friend
Charles Lamb interposed a timely remonstrance.
Mr. Barton's first volume of poems was pub. in 1811.
He wrote much, — his poems filling eight or nine volumes.
His Household Verses, a collection of his fugitive pieces,
pub. in 1845, "contain more of his personal feelings than
perhaps any previous work of his pen." Mr. Barton was
remarkable for great amiability of manners, extensive in-
formation, and a refined taste in the arts. Of tho English
drama his knowledge, as may be supposed, was limited:
'■ I am amu?ed with your knowledfre of our drama being con-
fined to ShakspH-are and Miss Baillie. What a world of fine terri-
tory Ijftween Land's End and Johnny Groat's have you missed
traversinfr ! I could almost envy you to have so much to read. . .
Oh, to forget Fieldinpr. Steele, ic, and read 'em new J" — Charks
Lamb to B. B., Dec. 1822.
Lord Byron thought highly of Barton's poetical talents,
but did not hesitate to proffer the same advice which Lamb
had given :
" I think more hitihly of your poetical talents than it would
perhaps gratify you to have expressed: for I believe, from what I
obst-rve of your mind, that you are above flattery. To come
to the point, you deserve success; but we knew before Addison
wrote his Cato, that desert does not always command it. But sup-
pose it attained.
* You know what ills the author's life assail.
Toil. envy, want, tht patron, and the jail.'
Do not renounce writing, h^d never (rusi entirely to authorship" —
Byron tr> Barton. June. 1S12.
"I have read your poems with much pleasure, those with most
which speak most of your own feelings." — It. Southey to Barton,
Dec. 1S14.
In 1820 Mr. Barton requested Southey's opinion whether
the Society of Friends were likely to be offended at his
publishing a vi.dume of poems. AVe give a short extract
from Southey's reply :
*• I know one. a man deservedly respected by all who know him,
(Charles Lloyd the elder, of Hirmingham.) who has amused his old
age by translating Horace and Homer. He is looked up to in the
society, and would not have printed these translations if he had
thought it likely to give ofi'ence. Judging, however, from the
spirit of the age. as affecting your society, like every thing else, I
should think they would be gratified by the appearance of a poet
among them who confines himself within the limits of their gene-
ral principles. . . . They will not like vh-tuous feeling and reli-
gious principle the worse for being conveyed in good verse. If
poetry in itself were unlawful, the Bible must be a prohibited
book." (See an amusing letter of Barton's to Southey, respect-
ing the fitness of the latter to be the biographer of George Fox.)
The volume appeared, and was highly commended :
'■The staple of the whole poem is description and meditation, —
description of quiet home scener_v, sweetly and feelingly wrought
out; and meditation, overshadowed with tenderness, and exalted
by devotion, — but all terminating in soothing, and even cheerful,
views of the condition and prospects of mortality." — EdiTu Rev.
Wilson reviews Barton in vol. xii. of Blackwood :
" He possesses much sensibility, and his mind has a strong tinge
of poetry. Everv now and then he surprises us with glimpses of
something infinitely better than the general tone of his concep-
I tions."
"If we cannot compliment Mr. Barton on being naturally a
' great poet, he possesses feeling, has long studied his art. and has
I attained to a point of merit which we did not anticipate." — Lon.
Mfmthhj iefri>ic.lS20.
" There is in Barton's pooms a higher beauty than the beauty
of ingenuity, and something of more worth than the exquisiteness
of workmanship. His works are full of passages of natural ten-
derness, and his religious poems, though animated with a warmth
of devotion, are still expressed with that subdued propriety of
language, which evinces at once a correctness of taste and feeling."'
— L(m. Gent. Afof/.
" A man of a fine and cultivated, rather than of a bold and ori-
ginal, mind." — Lord ,1effhev.
The Widow's Tale, and other Poems.
''We should always rejoice to see this volume on any table." —
Lou. Literary G'tzrfte. March. 1S27.
"This interesting little volume contains some of the sweetest
poetry ^Jr. Barton hasever written." — Lon. Lit. Maffnet, .-Vpril, 1827
Devotional Verses.
" Mr. Barton's style is well suited to devotional poetry. It has
great sweetness and pathos, accompanied with no small degree of
power, which well qualify it for the expression of the higher and
purer feelings of the heart."— Z«7j. iVew M>mVily Mug.. March, 1826.
Mr. Barton was a brother to Maria Hack, the authoress
of a number of juvenile works of great merit, and his
daughter, Miss Lucy Barton, has devoted her talents to
the composition of scriptural works, principally intended
for the young.
Barton, Charles, of the Middle Temple. Profess,
works, 1704-1811. Mr. Barton has been highly commended
as a legal writer. Modern Precedents in Conveyancing, 7
vols., Lon., 1S21, Svo.
"Mr. B.arton. in various parts of these Precedents, has intro-
diircd dissertations on the nature and use of the different specb-s
of assurances contained in the collection. These essays are ably
BAR
■written. and contain very full referenfes to authorities on the sub-
jects of which they treat." — Man-in's I^ijal BibL
Historical Treatise of a suit iu Equity.
" I feel it my duty to advise the student to use considerable cau-
tion in perusilif: this essay, as it may (and probably does) contaiu
many more inaccuracies than the author is at all aware of" —
Author's Preface.
'■ A useful historical treatise, admirable for its clear and judicious
ftrrangement." — Blake.
Barton, Charles, Sermons, 1800-03.
liartoii, Cutts. Sermons, 1754-58.
Barton, l>avid. Sermon, 1670.
Barton, Edward. Description of the Antiquities
ami other Curinsitics of Rome, Lnn,, 1822.
Barton, Henry. Sermon, 1702.
Barton, James. Honorina, a Novel, 1804, 2 vols.
Barton, John. Agricultural Labour, Lon., 1820.
Barton, John, supposed to have been Chancellor of j
the University uf Oxford in the 15th century, wrote a treatise
against Wicliffe; Symbolum Fidei CatUolica;. — Tanxkr.
Barton, Lncv. See Barton, Bernaud.
Barton, Philip, of Christ Ch., Oxf. Sermons, 1735,
'40. '50.
Barton, Philip, of Portsea, Sermons, 1754-55.
Barton, Philip, of Buriton, Hants. Consecration of
Bp. Lowth, a. scrin>in, 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1706.
Barton, Richard. Divine Analogy, Lon., 1737-38.
Dialogue respecting Ireland, Dubl., 1751, 4to. Lectures
on Natural Philosophy, Dubl., 1751, 4to.
" In the second, which be calls the popuLir Klementary Lecture.
he enumerates and proves the projieitiv-s of the four elements,
principally from the most obvious api>earanoes ; treating the i>ul>
ject in a p-'pular manner, and using t-Uort and easy demonstra-
tion.*'— L-.}i. M"7}thl'/ iiVriCH', 1751.
Remarks respecting Lough Lene, Dubl., 1751, 4to.
Barton, Sam!. Sermons, 1689, '90, '92, 'aC, '97, '98,
1701-05.
Barton, Thomas. A Counter-Scarfe against those
thatCniidemn all External Bowing at the Name of Jesus;
with a Defence of it against Masive Giles. Lon.. 1643, 4to.
Barton, Thomas, 1730-1780. an Episcopal minister,
a native of Ireland, received bis education at the University
of Dublin. In 1753 he married at Phihidelphia the sister
of Dr. David Rittenhouse. To this eminent philosopher,
his talents and extensive acquirements enabled him to
render invaluable assistance. He officiated in Reading
Township, York County, Pennsylvnnin, as a missionary of
a society in England from 1755 to 1759. He was a chap-
lain in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne in 1758.
His acquaintance with Washington, Mercer, and other dis-
tinguished officers of the Revolution, jiro^ed no bar to his
continued adherence to the royal government. Refusing
to take an oath required of him, he removed in 1778 to
New York, where he died, May 25, 1780. His eldest son,
Wm. Barton of Lancaster, wrote the memoirs of Ritten-
house; ProfcFPor Benj. Smith Barton. M.D., was another
of his eight children. His widow continued to reside with
her nephew, the excellent Samuel Bard, M.D., (see ante,)
until her death in 1821. Dr. Barton published a Sermon
on Braddock's Defeat, 1755. — Mfmoir of liittenhouse /
Thachei-'fi Medical Biog. ; AUenn Aincr. Ifict.
Barton, William. Decimal Arithmetic, Lon., 1634.
Barton, William. View of many Errors and some
gross Absurdities in the old translation of the Psalms in
English Metre, as also in some other Translations lately
published, Lon., 1655, 4to. A Century of Select Hymns,
Lon., 1659, 12mo. Two Centuries of Hymns and Spiritual
Songs. Lon., 1070, 8vo. A Catalogue of Virtuous Women
recorded in tiie Old and New Test., in verse, Lon., 1671. Svo.
Barton, William. Observations on the Probabilities
of the Duration of Hum.an Life, and the Progress of Popu-
lation in the United States of America. Trans. Amer.
Philos. Soc. iii. 25. 1793.
Barton, William P. C.,M.D.. nephew to Benj. Smith
Barton, M.D., and his successor as Professor of Botany in
the University of Pennsylvania.
Florte Philadelphicoe Prodromus.Phila., 1815, 4to, pp. 96.
Vegetable Materia Mediea of the United States, or Medical
Botany, containing a botanical, general, and medical his-
tory of the medicinal plants indigenous to the United States.
Illustrated by coloured engravings, Phil.a., 2 vols., 50 plates.
The early portions of this work were pub. in 1817, but it
was not completed until 1825; London, 1821, 4to, 2 vols.,
£6 6^*. pub. by Hirst.
"The di-awings and colouriuK of the plates have been made by
the author's own hand; hehasbeen three years collectinfr materials
for this work ; ha.*; delivered three courses of lectures to students
concernin'c the plants to be described : and he announced to his
class his intention to publish this work in May, 1816." — N. Amtir.
Jieview, vol. vi. 351; Author's Prefitce.
BAR
" From a close attention t« onr Materia Mediea. and from son>e
experiments he lias recently made, he is convinced that not a few
of om- indi'^renons plants are sufficiently important to he introduced
into the daily practice of the physician." — Author's Preface, p. 13.
Compendium Florte PhilaJelphicsc. Containing a de-
scription of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found
ivithin a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia, 12rao,
2 vols., Phila., 181S.
'' The Comp^-ndium. containing only hrief descriptions of plants,
with occasional popular observations, as it is the most unassuming,
so we think it the most meritorious, among the botanical works of
Dr. Barton. ... Dr. Barton has pulilished books on the subject of
our botany of greater pretension than almost any other living au-
thor."—A*. Amcr. Bcrmc, vol. xiii. 119-iO.
Flora of North America, illustrated by coloured Figures,
drawn from Nature, 3 vols. 4to, Phila., 1821-23, pub. in
numbers. Compendium Florw Philadelphicse, 181S, 2 vols.
12mo, Phil.a.
Materia Mediea and Botany, 2 vols. 12mo, Phila. Medi-
cal Botany, 2 vols. Svo. Hints to Naval Officers cruising
in the West Indies, 1830, ISmo. Phila. Plan for Marine
Hospitals in the United States, 1817, Svo.
IJartram. Trial of Nightingale, 1809; of Lt. Col.
Joiiiiston. isn.
ISai'tram, Isaac. Distillation of Persimmons.
Bartram, John, 1701-1777, an eminent botanist, was
born at Marple, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania. He took
great pleasure in the care i>f a botanical garden, laid out
and planted by himself, on the west bank of the .Schuyl-
kill, four miles below Philadelphia. He became so famous
for his proficiency in his favourite pursuit, that Linnseus
pronounced him " the greatest natural botanist in the
world." Sir Hans Sloane, Mr. Catcsby, Dr. Hill, Peter
CoUinson, and other friends of *ience, furnished Bartram
with books and apparatus, stimulated his zeal by their
sympathy, and aided his labours by active co-operation.
* " Be so kind as to give him [Bartram] a little entertainment and
recommendation to a friend or two of yours in the country, for
he does not value riding 50 or 100 miles to see a new plant." —
r<-t^r Chllinson to Col. CustiSj of Virginia^ 1737.
He received the appointment of American Botanist to
George III., which office he held until his death in Scp-
temVter, 1777. Observations on tlie Inhabitants, Climate,
Soil. Divers Productions, Animals, Ac, made in his tra-
vels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, Oswego, and the
Lake Ontario, Ac, Svo, p. 04, and plan. Lon., 1751. An
Account of East Florida, [by William Stork,] with a jour-
nal kept by John Bartram of Philadelphia, upon a journey
from St. Augustine's up the river St. John's, Svo, pp. 90
and 70, Lon., 1766 ; 3d ed. much enlarged, 4to, Lon., 1769.
Mr. Bartram also contributed several papers to the Phil.
Trans., 1740, '44, '50, '62. '63. See an interesting volume
entitled Jlemorials of ,lohn Bartram and Humphrey Mar-
shall, Phila., 1849, by William Darlington, M.D., of West
Chester, Pennsylvania; also a sketch of the life of Peter
Collinson, by Wm. H. Dillingham of Phila., Phila., 1851.
Bartram, Moses. Observations on the Native Silk
Worms of North America, Amer. Trans. 17S9.
Bartram, William, 1739-1823, son of John Bar-
tram. [iiiil'\) inherited the botanical zeal of his father.
In 1773, at the request of Dr. Fothergill, he travelled
through several of the Southern States, &c. in order to ex-
amine the natural productions of the country. These in-
I vestigations occupied him for five years. His c<dlectiou.s
j and drawings were forwarded to Dr. Fothergill. The fruits
of this enterprise were given to the world in 1791 : Tra-
vels through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, E. and W. Flo-
rida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive Territories of
i the Muscogules or Creek Confederacy, and the country of
I the Choctaws ; containing an Account of the Soil and Na-
tural Productions of those Regions, together with Obser-
vations on the Manners of the Indians. Embellished with
copper-plates, Svo, map and 16 plates, Phila., 1791; pub.
in Lon., in 1792, and again in 1794, In the English edi-
tion only 8 of the 16 plates, principally of jjlants, are
given. In 1799 it was trans, into French by P. V. Benoist,
Piiris, ISOl, 2 vols. Svo.
" It is a delij^htful specimen, of the enthusiasm with which the
lover of nature, and particularly the botanist, surveys the beauti-
ful and wonderful productions which are scattered over the fece
of the earth."
Mr. Bartram contributed to Nic. Jour., 1805, Anecdotes
of an American Crow. See American Farmer's Letters.
Bartn. or Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsay. His
Declaration and Justification, wherein he declares the Jus-
tice of his Majesty's Cause in taking Arms, *tc., 16f>4, folio.
Bariih, Raphael. Critica Sacra Examined, 1775, Svo.
Barville, John. Account of his Conversion from
Popery to the Church of England, Lon., 1710, Svo.
BAR
BAS
Barwcll, Mrs. Juvenile and other works.
Barwell, Richard, Demonstrator of Anatomy at
St. Thomas's Hospital. Asiatic Cholera; its Sj'mptoms,
Pathology, and Treatment, Lou., post 8vo.
" The chapter on the Morbid Anatomy is very interesting. The
book exhibits considerable ability." — Lou. M'xlicnl Times.
" Here is a book well worthy of attention, fur Mr. Harwell writes
from the bedside of the numerous cholera patients placed under
his care at St. Thomas's Hospital." — Lnn. Lancet.
Barwick, Edward. A Treatise on the Church,
chiefly in relation to its Government, in which the divine
right of Episcopacy is maintained, the supremacy of the
Bishop of Rome proved to be contrary to the Scriptures
and primitive Fathers, and the Reformed Episcopal Church
in England, Ireland, and Scotland, proved to be a sound
and orthodox part of the Catholic Church. Compiled from
the most eminent divines, Belfast, 1S13, 8vo; 2d ed., en-
larged and improved, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
"Contaiuinc much matter in a short compass." — Bickersteth.
Barwick, Henry. An Essay on Nature ,■ a Poem, 1807.
Barwick, Humphrey. Manual Weapons of Fire,
Ac, Lon.. 1J90, 4to.
Barwick, John, 1612-1664, Fellow of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge, was a zealous adherent to Charles I., and
was imprisoned for corresponding with Charles II. in his
exile. This monarch at the Restoration offered him the
bishopric of Carlisle, hut this he declined, accepting the
deanery of Deuham, and subsequently the deanery of
St. Paul's. He pub. a Piece against the Covenant, Oxf,,
1644. Life of Thomas Merton, Bp. of Durham, (tc, Lon.,
1660, 4to. Deceiver Deceived, 1661, 4to. His brother,
Peter Barwick, M.D., pub. an account of his life in Latin,
Lou., 1721, 8vo; trans, into English in 1724. Hilkiah
Bedford was editor of both. In Thurloe's State Papers
will be found many of his letters to Chancellor Hyde.
Some of these epistles were intercepted, and although
written in cipher, were understood, whereat the Chancel-
lor expresses great amazement:
" I was confident that the Devil himself cannot decypher a let-
ter that is well written, or find that 100 stands for Sir Harry Vane.
I have heard of many of the pretenders to that skill, and have
spoken with some oi them, but have found them all to be Mounte-
banks."— Ht/dtto Btirwick.
Barwick, Peter, M.D., 1619-1705? brother to the
preceding, and physician in ordinary to King Charles II.,
composed a life of his brother John (noticed in preceding
article) which has been much admired fur the elegance of
its Latinity. He wrote a Defence of Harvey's Discovery
of the Circulation of the Blood, which was considered one
of the best pieces of the controversy. He was also author
of a treatise appended to the life of his brother, in favour
of the Eikon Basilike, (in opposition to Dr. Walker,) and
pub. a medical work under the title of Medicorum Animos
exagitant, Londini, 1671, 4to,
Barwis, Jackson. Dialogue concerning Liberty,
1793, 4to.
Barwis, John. Sermons, 1804-5, 4to.
Bascom, Henry Bidleman, b. May 27, 1796,
Hancock co., N.Y"., d. Sept. 8, 1S50; entered the itinerant
ministry in the Ohio Conference, 1813; was ordained
Bishop of the M.E. Church South, at St. Loui^, in May,
1850 ; was distinguished as a pulpit orator. Works, 4 vols.
12mo : vol. i.. Sermons from the Pulpit; vol. ii., Lectures
on Infidelity, &c. ; vol. iii.. Lectures aud Essays on Moral
and Mental Science, &c. j vol. iv., Sermons and Sketches,
Nashville, Teun., 1856. See Life of Bp. Bascom by Rev.
M. M. Henkle, D.D., 12mo, Nash., 1857.
Bascome, E., Dr. A History of Epidemic Pestilences
from the Earliest Ages, Lon., 1S51, Svo.
"This book will be found useful as a work of reference, as it
contaius a notice of all the most remarkable pestilences that have
occurred from 1-495 years before the biith of our Saviour to 1S48."
—Lon. A then.
Baseley, J. Sermons, Lon., 1801, Svo.
Baseley, Thomas. Scrms., Lon., 1801.*05, '06, *0S.
Basier, Basiere, or Basire, Isaac, 1607-1676,
was b. in the island of Jersey, according to Wood; but
this is contradicted by a writer in the Biog. Brit. About
1640 he was made chaplaiu-in-ordiuary to King Charles I.,
and three years afterwards was installed into the seventh
prebend of Durham. In 1646 he left England for a mis-
sionary tour among the Greeks, Arabians, &c. Deo et
Ecclesia Sacrum, Ac, Oxf., 1046, 4to ; Diatriba de Antiqua
EcelesiiB Britannicte Libertate. Richard Watson fuund
this work in Lord Hopton's closet after his decease. He
printed it at Bruges in 1658, Svo, and translated it into
English, and pub, it under the title of The Ancient Liberty
of the Britannic Church and the Legitimate Exemption
thereof from the Roman Patriarchate, discoursed in four
138
positiuiiS, Lon., 1661, Svo. Basire was the author of several
other works. See Biog. Brit, j Wood's Fasti; Hutchinson's
Durham.
Basing, Basinge, Basingtochius, or Basing-
stoke de, John, d. 1252, studied first at Oxford, then
at Paris, aud visited Atliens for the purpose of perfecting
himself in the Greek language. He brought with him to
England many curious Greek MSS., and Matthew Paris
gives him credit for introducing the Greek numerals into
England. Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, with
whom he was a great favourite, preferred him to the arch-
deaconry of Lincoln, as he had been before to that of
London. He translated from Greek into Latin a grammar
which he styled The Donatus of the Greeks. He also
gave to the world A Latin Translation of a Harmony of
the Gospels. A Volume of Sermons. Particulte Senten-
tiarum per distinetione, or a commentary upon part of
Lombard's Sentences.
Basire, John. Letter to his Son, Lon., 1670, 12mo.
Basnett, Mills. Lay and Private Patronage.
Bass, J. H. A Greek and English Manual Lexicon
to the New Testament, 1829, 12mo.
" A useful miinual for youtli." — Bickerstetk.
Bass, William. Sword and Buckler; or, Serving
Man's Defence, Lon., 1602, 4to. In six-lines stanzas.
Steovens's, 1767, £1 19s.
Bassantin, James, d. 1568, an eminent Scotch
astronomer. 1. Astronomia, &c., Latin and French, Ge-
neva, 1599, fol. 2. Paraphrase de I'Astrolabe, Ac, Lyons,
1555 J Paris, 1617, Svo. 3. Super Mathematica Geneth-
liaca ; i. e., of the Calculation of Nativities. 4. Arith-
metica. 5. Musica secundum Platonem. 6. De Jlathesi
in genere. We see that judicial astrology was not de-
spised by our philosopher; to this branch of his studies
Sir James Melvil refers, when he states that his brother,
Sir Robert, while he was using his endeavours to reconcile
the two Queens, Elizabeth aud Mary, met with one Bas-
santin, a man learned in the high sciences, who told him
that all his labour would be in vain.
'• For they will never meet together; and next, there -wiU never
be any thing but dissembling and secret hatred, for a while; and
at length, captivity and utter wreck to our Queen from England.
. . . The kingdom of England at length shall fall, of right, to the
crown of Scotland; but it shall cost many bloody battles: and the
Spaniards shall be helpers, aud take a part to themselves for their
labour."^JI/cv/(Oirs.
Basse, J. H. Catechism of Health, Lon., 1794, 12mo,
Basse, William, a minor poet, temp. James I., wrote
an epitaph (probably the first) upon the Puette Shakspeare;
printed in 1633 in the 1st edit, of Dr. Donne's poems.
That AVhich Seems Best is Worst, has been ascribed to him,
(Restituta, vol. i. 41.) and in 1651 he contemplated pub. a
volume of his poems.
"To Mr. \Vm. Basse, upon the intended publication of his
poems, Jan. 13, 1651."
A Poem by Dean Bathurst. — Warton'e Life and Remains
of Bathurst, 1761, Svo.
Basset, J. Sermon, 1734, Bvo.
Basset, John. Hermaeologium, Lon., 1695, Svo.
Basset, John. A Pathway to Perfect Sailing, Lon.,
1664, 4to. A Nautical Discourse to prove the Way of a
Ship, Lon., 1644, 4to, (an appendix to Potter's work.)
He was one of the disputants in Bond's controversy on
the longitude.
Basset, Joseph D. Letter to J. B. Chadwick,
1S13, Svo.
Basset, Joshua. Ecclesii^ Theoria Nova Dodwel-
liana Exposita, Lon., 1713, Svo.
Basset, Peter. Acta Regis Henrici V, In MS. in
the College of Arms. The author was chamberlain to
Henry V.
Basset, Thomas. Catalogue of Common aud Sta-
tute Law Books of this Realm, Lon., 1671, Svo; 1694,
12nio. Enlarged, 1720. Svo.
Basset, William. Sermons, 1670, '79, '83, '84, 4to.
An Answer to The Brief History of the Unitarians, called
also Sociuians, Lon., 1693, Svo.
Bassnett, Thos., b. ISOS, in Eng. Mechanical
Theory of Storms, 1S53.
Bassol, John, d. 1347, a Scotch philosopher, studied
divinity under Duns Scotus at Oxford. His preceptor had
so high an opinion of his jiupil that he used to say, " If
John Bassol be present, I have a sufficient auditory." In
1304 he accompanied his master to Paris. Commentaria
seu Lecturae in quatuor Libros Scntentiarum, Paris, 1517,
fol. ; a work in such high reputation as to procure him
from his brethren, the schoolmen, the title of •' Doctor
Ordinatissimus," in allusion to his method and pcrspi-
BAS
BAT
cuity. Miiccllauca Philosophiea et Mcdica. in the same
vulume.
Bastard, Thomas, d. 1618, a clergyman, and an
epigrammatist of considerable note in his day, was made
perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1588,
" But bfiufi much guilt)- of the vi^es biluii;:inj^ to poets, and
given to llbfllin;;, he was in a mannt-r forrud to leavo his fellow-
ship iu 1591."' — Wood.
The "libel" which gave so much offence was "upon all
persons of note in Oxford who were guilty of amorous ex-
ploits." It was entitled An Adinunition to the city of
Oxford, &c. Bastard disclaimed the authorship. After
his expulsion he wrote, Jenkiu, why man ? why Jenkin ?
fie, for shamo! Neither of these were printed. He pub.
Chrestoleros ; seven bookes of Epigramcs, Lim., 1598, 12mo.
— See Censura Literaria, vol. iv. Magna Britannia, a
Latin Poem, in three books, Lon., 1605, Jrto. Five Ser-
mons, Lon., 1015, 4to. Twelve Sermons, Lon., 1615, 4to.
Bastard was thrice married.
" He was a piTSou endowed with many rare gifts, was an excel-
lent Grecian, Latinist, and poet, and, in his elder years, a quaint
preacher. His discourses were always pleasant and facete. whii'li
made his i-u[ii]i;tiiy d<-siri-d liy ;i]I inji nixi'- uini. He was a most
escelleiil <pij]-:ii]iiii;ili.st. and. Ih'iiil:' :i1 i\ ,i \ -. i i .uly to versify upnn
any sul jn't, iliil Irt nnthiii:.; UKitnial IS, ;i|K hi' llmry, as his cLim-
positious, ramiiiig through several hands lu .MS., shew." — Athen.
0x0 n.
Warton speaks of him as an elegant classic scholar, and
"better qualitied for that species of the occasional pointed
Latin epigram established by his fellow-collegian, John
Owen, than for any other sort of English versification."
The res anyimta domi, however, — to which poets are so pro-
verbially subject — would appear to have sobered his wit:
" liut now, left naked of prosperitie,
Aud subject unto bitter iiijurie ;
So poor of sense, so bare of wit I am,
Not neede herselte can drive an epigram."
—Lib. i., Epig. 2.
We extract a stanza from an Epigram in honour of our
author by no less a person than Sir John Harrington:
"To Master Basfcird, a minister, that made a pleasant Book of
English Epigrams:
You must in pulpit treat of matters seiious;
As it beseems the person and the place;
There preach of faith, repentance, hope, and grace;
Of sacraments, and such high things mysterious:
But tliey are too severe, and too imperious.
That unto honest sports will grant no space.
For thesH nur minils icfn'sh. those weary us,
And spur nuj' dnulilril sjiirit to swifter pace."
(From the umst Kl.gant ;ina Witty Epigrams of Sir John Har-
rington, Knight, di;,'ested into four bookes, Lou., 1625, sm. Svo.)
Bastard, William. On the Culture of Pine Apples,
Phil. Trans. Abr., 1777.
Bastou, Ilobert, d. about 1315? a native of York-
shire, was, according to Bale, poet laureate and public
orator at O.xford, but this has been disputed. He became
a Carmelite monk, and prior of that order in Scarborough.
Edward I. carried him with him in his expedition against
Scotland, in lliOl^, that he might be an ej'e-witness of and
celebrate his victory. But, alas for human expectations!
Baston was made prisoner, and, as the price of his ransom,
obliged to write a panegyric on Rolicrt Bruce! Baston
wrote principally in Latin, and it is doubtful if any of his
English compositions are now in existence. The rhyme
Baston is so called from our author. The panegyric men-
tioned above will be found in Fordun's Scoti-Chronicon; it
was pub. O-Xon., 1722. He also wrote, 1. De Strivilniensi
obsidione ; of the Siege of Stirling, a poem in one book.
2. De Alteru Scutorum Bello, in one book. 3. De Scotia?
Guerris variis, in one bouk. 4. De variis mundi Statibus,
in one book. 5. De Sacerdotum luxuriis, in one book.
6. Contra Artistas, in one book. 7. De Divite et Lazaro.
8. Epistolfe ad diversos, in one book. 9. Sermones Syno-
dales, in one book. 10. A Book of Poems. 11. A volume
of tragedies and comedies in English, the existence of
which is doubtful. See Bale; Pits; Holingshed; Leland;
Saxii Ouomasticon; AVarton's History of English Poetry.
Baston, Saml. Case Vindicated. 1695. Dialogue, 1697.
Baston, Thos. Obs. on Trade and Public Spirit, 1732.
Basturtle, A, Trans. The CessyHs of Parlyamct, etc.
Bastwick, John, M.D., 1593-1650? was distin-
guished for his violent opposition to the/nrc dirlno claim
for Episcopacy. He was educated at Emanuel College,
Cambridge, after which he took his doctor's degree at
Padua. His first work, Elenchus Roligionis Papistic*,
in quo probatur neque EpistoHcam neque Catholicam, imo
neque Romanam esse, was pub. at Leyden, in 1624. In
1635 he pub. in England, Flagellum Pontificis et Episco-
porum Latialium. For this publication he was cited be-
fore the High Commission Court; by which he was sen-
tenced to a tine of £1,000, prohibited from practising his
profession of medicine, his Imok to lie burnt, himself ex-
communicated, to pay costs of suit, and be imprisoned
until he recanted. Whilst imprisoned, he wrote Apologe-
ticus ad Pra^sules Anglicanos, 1636; and the Letany for
the especiall Use of our English Prelates, 1637. For this
new attack, Laud had an information exhibited against
him in the Star Chamber. Wm. Pryune for his llistrio-
Mastix, and Rev. Dr. Burton for publishing two seditious
sermons, were also brought under discipline. The three
defendants, to the disgrace of the court, were sentenced
to lose their ears, to pay a fine of £5000 each, and to
suffer perpetual imprisonment I This barbarous sentence
was executed. When the Parliament obtained the supre-
macy, the three were brought back to London in great
triumph, and an order passed for the repayment ot' the
tine of £5000 to each of them. It is said that tliey never
received the money. Bastwick afterwards wrote several
pamphlets against the Independents.
Independency not God's Ordinance, Lon., 1645. De-
fence of himself against Lilburn, 1645. Utter Routing
of the whole Army of all the Independents and Sectaries,
with the total overthrow of their Monarchy, 1646. The
Church of England the true Church. Puor Bastwick
fared better than the Patriarch Job in his hour of trial.
The wife of his bosom did not " add aifiiction to his mise-
ry;" but when Bastwick mounted the scaffold, he was
immediately followed by his wife, who,
-' Like a loving spouse, saluted each ear with a kiss. a,ud then his
mouth : whose tender love, boldness, and cheerfulness, so wrought
upon the people's affections, that they gave a marvellous great
shi'ut for joy to behold it."
The martyr was worthy of such a wife.
" So far." said he, " am 1 from base fear, or caring for any thing
they can do, or cast upon me, that had I as much blood as would
swell the Thames, I would shed it every drop in this cause. As I
said before [in his noble speech before the t; tar-Cham her] so I say
again, had I as many lives as I have hairs on my htad or drops
of blood in my veins, I would give them all up for this cause I''
The Letany will be found in the 5th vol. of the Somers
Collcctiun of Tracts; and an interesting review of it in
The Retrospective Review, vol. x,
Batchelor, Thos. Village Scenes, 1S04, Svo. Ana-
lysis of the English Language, 1809, Svo. Agricult. of
Bedfordshire, 1S06. Svo. See Donaldson's Agrict. Biog.
Batchilor, John. The Virgin's Pattern, Lon., 1661.
Bate, Edward. The Sjieculative and Practical
Atheist. Sermons on Rom. i. 20. 21, 174S. Svo.
Bate, George, M.D.. 160S-16G8, had the remarkable
fortune of being physician to Charles I., Cromwell, and
Charles II. He is quite as well known as au historian as
a professor of the healing art. He studied at Oxfiud ; suc-
cessively at New College, Queen's College, and Edmund's
Hall. He contributed to de Rachitide, pub. Lou., 1650,
Svo. After his death. Shipton pub. Pharmacopana Bate-
ana, Lon., 1688. Dr. Wm. Salmon trans. Ibis work into
English under the title of Bate's Dispensatory; it was
very popular, and ran through many editions. His prin-
cipal work is an Account of the Rebellion, with a Narra-
tive of the Regal and Parliamentary Privileges, entitled,
Elenchus Motuum nupcrorum iu Anglia simul ac Juris
Regis et Parliamentarii brcvis narratio. Paris, 1649;
Frauckfort, 1650, 4to. It was revised by Dr. Peter Hey-
lyn, who
' ■■ Made several observations on it, greatly tending to the honour
of the king and church."
Reprinted with additions to 1660, Lon., 1661, Svo; with
further additions to 166:5, Svo; and with a third part by
Dr. Thomas Skinner, in 1676, Svo. The whole trans, into
English by Mr. Lovel, in 1685.
" A work worth reading." — Uisuop Warburton.
It was answered by Robt. Pugh. Elenchus Elcnchi,
sivc Animadversiones in Elenchum M. Anglite, Paris,
1664, Svo. Pugh was an officer in the king's army.
'• To which Bate made a reply, but, as his sou had told me. he
did not publish it, onlv put it'iu MS. in the Cottonian Library;
and upon that report 1 did in mv Hist. Antiq. Xluh: Oxou. say as
much in the life of Dr. Bat^. AVhereupon Pugh. having had notice
of. or else had read it. he made a search after it in the said Library
(as he himself hath told me several times) but eouUi not find it,
otherwise he would have made a rejoynder " — Wood.
Dr. Bate also wrote The Royal Apology ; or the Declara-
tion of the Commons in Parliament, Feb. 11, 1647-48, 4to.
Bate^ George. The Lives, Actions, and Execution
of the prime Actors and principal Contrivers of that horrid
Murder of our late pious and sacred Sovereign, King
Charles I., Lon., 1661.
" He is not to be understood to be the same with the doctor, but
anotlier tar inferior to him in all respects; on etbat run with the
niutalile times, and had, after his majesty's Restoration, endea-
voured, by scribbling, to gain the favour of the royalists."'— WoOD.
Bate, Rev. Ueury. See Dudley, Sir H. B.
139
BAT
BAT
Bate, James, 1703-1755, elder brother of JuUus
IJatc, w:i.s admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Cambridge, in 1720. He took holy orders, and at-
tended the Rt. Hon. Horace Walpole as chaplain, in his
embassy to Paris. In the preface to the second edition of
his Rationale, «fec., 1766, he laments that
" It was his hard fate, in his younRer years, to serre one of our
ambassadors as bis chaplain at a foreign court."
His principal works are. Infidelity scourged, or Christi-
anity vindicated against Chubb, Ac, 1746. Svo. An Essay
towards a Rationale of the literal doctrine of Original
Sin, &(\, occasioned by some of Dr. Middletnn's writings,
1752. Svo. He also pub. several sermons, 17M4-45.
Bate, John, d. 1429, a learned divine, was the author
of a number ut' works in grammar, logic, and divinity.
lie studied at Oxford, where he was not^d for his know-
ledge of the Greek tongue. On leaving O.xford, he became
president of the house of the Carmelite friars at York. Le-
land. Bale, and Pits enumerate 14 treatises by this author.
Bate, John. Relation of the Holland Fleet, &c.,
1626. 4to.
Bate, John. Mvsteries of Nature and Art, Lon.,
16.34, 4to.
Bate, Jnliiis, b. about 1711, d. about 1771, a divine
of the llutchinsuniau school, pub. a number of theological
works, principally in defence of his peculiar system of in-
terpretation. We give the titles of snme of them. An
Essay towards explaining the third chapter of Genesis,
and the Spiritual Sense of the Law, in answer to Mr. War-
burton. Lon.. 1641, Svo.
"This is a reply to Warburton's third proposition, which he cer-
tainly succf-ods in overturninj;: but there is too much refinemeut
of spiritualizing in his exposition." — OaME.
The irascible prelate treated the champion of Hutchin-
son witli Itut little ceremony: ''one Bate, ... a zany to
a mountebank." The Philosophical Principles of Moses,
asserted against the Misrepresentations of David Jennings,
1744, Svo. Remarks upon Mr. Warburton's Remarks,
showing that the Ancients kne\v there was a Future State,
&c., 174.'), Svo. An Inquiry into the Occasional and Stand-
ing Similitudes of the Lord God, in the Old and New Tes-
taments, 1756, Svo.
"This mild Hutchinsonian is very ancrv with his humble ser-
vants, the Reviewers, whom he calls! nfidels and Scorpions; but as
he treats the worthy Archdeacon of Northumberland as a mere
Jesuit, p.i'j;e 7fi, we could not expect better woids from him."-—
Monthli/ Bnnew, 1756, See Review of Reviews, by the author of
this Dictionary, in Putnam's Jla^., vol. i. p. 264, Mew York, 18r)3.
Critica Hebraica,oraHebrew English Dictionary, with-
out points. &c., the whole supplying the place of'a Com-
mentary on tlie Words and more difficult Passages in the
Sacred Writings, 1767, 4to. In the preface Mr. Bate
warmly attacks the *' hydra of pointing;" he eomraeuds
the courage of Capellus. "who ventured to encounter this
monst^ir, and vauriuished it, together with its renowned
advocate, Bu.xtorf."
Parkhurst quotes this work (and the Essay on the
Similitudes) with approbation, but it has never come into
general use as a Hebrew Dictionary.
" His work will doubtless be useful accordint; to its plan, and to
the principles on which he proceeds. The followers of I^Ir. Hut-
chinson's system will not ftx'il to pronounce it a OieffPauvre;
while thp Rationalists will consi^'n it to a peaceful place on the
same undusted shelf on which the ^reat Calasio reposes, undis-
turbed, in the friendly arms of the Rev. Mr. Wm. Romaine."'
A Nuw and Literal Translation from the Original He-
brew of The Pentateuch of Moses, and of the Historical
Books of the Old and New Test.iment. to the end of the
Second Book of Kings, with Notes. Critical and Explana-
tory, 1773. 4to. This work was the principal literary oc-
cupation of its author for a great p.art of his life. What he
compl.tod of the Old Testament was pub. two years after
his death.
" As a translation, it greatly fails in perspicuity, smoothness,
and grammatical accuracy. Many of tho rendeii'niis are really
amusing. The Giants of Genesis. Ti. 4, are, according to him,
'apostates.' The window of the ark. chapter vi. xvi., was to be
* finished in an arm above.' At the commencement of the delude,
* the air cracks were opened.* and at the conclusion of it, the "air
cracks were shut.' The notes are full of the peculiarities of his
system, and discover no correct acrjuainfance with the principles
of phil'iln^'v or enlij:ht€ned criticism." — Orme.
"BatH. by frivinfi: the Hebrew idiom too literally, has rendered
his versian neither Hebrew nor Euj^Iish." — Lowndes.
" It is most cei-tainly a new translation, and so very literal as
to be really uninteUi^ible to a plain English reader."— J/onM/y
Iicvii:w.
Bnto, R. B. On the Camera Lucida, Nic. Jour., 1809.
Bate, Randall. Certitin Observations. 1630. Svo.
Bate, Thomas. The duty of frequenting the pub-
iick service of the Church of Kngland, wherein the beauty
and excellency of the Book of Common Prayer aro ex-
plained to the meanest capacities. In a dialogue between
a clergyman and his parishioners, pp. 42, 12mo, Lon.. 1734.
Bate, James, Surgeon in IMaryland. On the re-
markable Alteration of Colour in a Negro Woman, Phil.
Trans., 1759.
Batecumbe, or Badecombe, William, an emi-
nent mathematician of Oxford, flourished about the com-
mencement of the l.Tth century. 1. He Sphainc eoncavic
fabriea et usu. 2. De Spha-rit Solida. 3. Be Operatione
Astrolabii. 4. Conclusioues Sophia;. It is not known that
either of his works was printed.
Bateman, A. M'. Serm. on Rom. i. 20, 21. Cant., 1746.
Bateman, Edmund. Sermons, 1738, '40, '41, '43.
Bateman, Jo>>ei>h. I^Ietmpolitan Turnpike Act,
' 12mo, Lon., 1S26. The Laws of Excise, Svo, Lun., 1843.
I *-iMr Bateman has collected more than IMO different statutes,
and added noti^s of decisions illustrative of them. Those most
I competent to judge of its value, pronounce it a convenient and
I able compilation, in which the writer's aptitude for his undertak-
ing is apparent, and one that is worthy of his former reputation."
The General Turnpike Road Act, 3 Geo. IV., c. 126, 3d
ed. 120, Lon., 1S36.
*■ This is a convenient manual of the Statutes relatin;]: to Turn-
pike Roads in Groat Britain. It is furnished with suitable forms
and an appendix of decisions uprm the ^-tatutes. and contains
other useful information relative to the construction and manage-
ment of roads." — Murvin's Legal Bibl.
Mr. Bateman is the author of several other valuable
legal treatises.
Bateman, James. OrchidacejE of Mexico and
Guatemala, S parts, elephant folio, 40 splendid plates,
Lon., 1837-43; pub. nt £16 16*.
'■This is without nuestion the greatest botanical work of the
present age. Mr. Bateman has got it up perfectly regardless of
expense, and would be a considerable loser even had the edition
j been published at douMe the price. Only one hundred copies
Were printed, which were all sulscribed for."
I Bateman, Josiah. Sermons preached in India, Lon.,
1S39, 12mn. La ^Martiuierc. Ac, Lon., 1S39, Svo.
Bateman, R. T. Serm. on Regeneration, 1747, Svo.
Bateman, Stephen. See Batman.
Bateman, Thomas, Chaplain to the Duke of Gor-
don, and Vicnr of Walpole. Lincoln. A Treatise on Tithe,
Ac, Lon., 1778, Svo. Appendix. 1779. New ed., 1 SOS, Svo.
Ecclesiastical patronage of the Church of England, Lon.,
17S2, Svo. The Royal Ecele. Gazetteer, Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Sermons, 1778, '80.
Bateman, Thomas, I\LD., 177S-1821, was born at
Whitby in Yorkshire. He enjoyed the great advantage of
pursuing his medical studios under the eminent Dr. Willan,
physician to the public dispensary in Carey street. AVhen
Dr. Willan 's health obliged him, in 1811, todep.art for Ma-
deira, Dr. Bateman succeeded to his extensive practice in
diseases of the skin. In 1813 he pub. A Practical Synopsis
of Cutanetms Diseases, according to the arrangement of
Dr. Willan, exhibiting a Concise View of the Diagnostic
Symptoms, and the Method of Treatment, Lon., Svo, 3d
ed., 1814 ; 8th ed., 1836. Tiiis work was trans, into French,
German, and Italian. The Emperor of Russia was so
much pleased with this work that ho sent the author a ring
of 100 guineas value. In 1815 the doctor pub. Delineations
of Cutaneous Diseases, comprised in the classification of
the late Dr. AVillan. including the grentcr part of the En-
gravings of that Author, in an improved state, and com-
pleting the Series, as intended to have been tinished by
him, Lon., 4to. 1815-17; 12 fasciculi pub. at £1 le. each ;
again Lon., 1840.
"Dr. B.ateman's valuable work has done more to extend the
knowledge of cutaneous diseases than any other tliat has ever ap-
peared.'*— Dr. .\. T. Thomson.
•• We consider it the only book extant that contains a compre-
hensive yet explicit account and scientific arranjrenient of the dis-
eases of the skin.'' — Me/l. and Physicnl Journal, Nov.. 1813.
A Succinct Account of the Contagions Ft;ver of this
Country, &c., Lon., 1818. Con. to Mod. Chir. Trans., ISIO-
14. See Some Account of the Life and Character of Dr.
Bateman, Lon.. 182fi, Svo.
Bates. Life of Henry of Whitechurch, 1712, Svo.
Bates, David, an American poet, resident of Phila-
delphia. The ^olian, a collection of Poems, Phila., 1S48,
12mo.
Bates, Elisha. The Doctrine of Friends, or Quakers,
Providence. 1843, 12mo.
Bates, Ely, Observations on some important points
in Divinity, extracted from an Author, [Baxter.] of the
last century, Lon.. 1793,- 2d ed., with addit.. ISll, Svo.
Bickersteth considers this as a "middle course'* between
the Armenians and the Calvinista. Christian Politics,
1802-06. Svo.
" Useful. lie adopts Baxter's sentiments." — Bickersteth.
BAT
BAT
Rural Philosophy, 180.?, 8vo,: 2(1 e.l., ISO-i.
Bates, Geo. J''erue. Sermon, 181-4.
Bates, J. Sermon. 1707, 8vo.
Bates, Joah, 1710-1799, an eminent musical corapo-
POT. a FeUow and tutor of King's College, Cambridge. lie
was the author of the celebrated ode, Llere shall sof'tcharity
rej)!iir.
Bates, John* Sermons, 1714.
Bates, ThoinaSc Enchiridions of Fevers incident to
Seaman. Lun., 1709, Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 17 IS.
Bates, Thomas. Address to the Bd. of AgricuUure,
A.<!., on improving the breed of Live Slock, Lon., ISOS, Svo.
Bates, William, D.D., 1625-1699, an eminent Puri-
tan divine, studied in Emanuel College, and King's Col-
lege, Cambridge. On the passing of the Act of Uniformity
in lfi62, he retired from the Church. He pub. a number
of theological treatises, 1003-99. These were collected
and pub. in a folio vol. in the ycnr after his decease, and ,
again in 1723. His principal works were, The Harnmny '
of the Divine Attributes in the Redemption of Man, 1097. ,
" Bates on the Attributes is too much confined to one, to answer
tlie purposes of a practical familiar treatise." — Bkkeksteth.
Spiritual Reflection UnfuMed and Enlorccd, lf;99.
'■ In the Spiritual liefiection thnr is on Itaiiinji; lu fanaticism on
the one hand,ortolukewarmni-ss r.n the other." l>r. J. I'ye Smith,
in his introductory essay to an edition of this work, pub. in 1834.
" does ample justice both to the history and character of tbe author.
. . . This non-conformist divine isoharmingandelegantasawriter."'
Bates was sometimes called the "silver-tongued," and
was reckoned the politest writer, if not the best scholar, of
the wh(de body of ministers who retired from the church
in 16t>2, on the passage of the Act of Uniformity, and
formed what is sometimes called the '* Dissenting Interest."
Bickcrstcth remarks that he has "many happy similes."
Vit£e Selectorum aliquot virorum qui Doctrina, Dignitate,
aut Pietate inclaruere, 1681. A valuable collection of
Lives : '.i2 in number. Discourse about the Four Last
Things, viz. : Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, 1691.
"Perhaps the most elegant of Bates's works. . . . The Discourses
are admirable specimens of sound and practical theology, conveyed
ill an elegant and most attractive style. Any one. however, who
reads it carefully, will find, that some of his best passages are just
tlie expansion of ideas picked up in the course of an extensive
Btudy of the fathers. The same remark, indeed, applies to all his
works."
Bates, William, Fellow, Lect., and Heb. Lect. of
Ch. Coll., Camb. College Lectures on Eccles. History ;
with complete sets of Cambridge, Dublin, and Durham
University Examination papers, r. 12mo, Lon., 1844. Col-
lege Lectures on Christian AntiquitieSj <fec., r. 12mo, Lon.,
18-15.
Bateson, or Batson, Peter. Draining of Marsh,
Lon., 1700, 4to. Navigation of Lyn, &c., 1720, Svo.
Bateson, Thomas, A writer of Madrigals j organist
of Chester Cathedral about the year ItiOO.
Bath, Earl of« See Pulteney, "William.
Bath,Robt, Surgeon. Profess, works, Lou., 1777-1805.
Bathe,Wm.,1564-1614, a learned Jesuit, born in Dub- !
lin, was professor of languages at the University of Sala-
manca. An Introduction to the Art of Music, Lon., 15S4,
4to. Janua Linguarum, Salam,, 1611, He also pub. several
theological treatises.
Bather, Edward, 1779-1847, Archdeacon of Salop,
of Oriel Coll.. O.xford. Sermons, chiefly practical, 3 vols,
8vo,Lon.: vol. i., ;id ed.,lS40; vol. ii.,lS29; vol. iii., 1S40.
Hints on Catechizing; 2d ed., 1S49. Thoughts on the De-
mand for Separation of Church and State, Lon., 1834, Svo.
lie also pub. 14 charges and some separate sermons.
Bathic, Arch., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1775.
Bathurst, Henry, 1744-18.37, Bishop of Norwich,
educated at Winchester and New Coll., Oxf. A Charge,
ISOfi: do., 1815. Sermons, 1794, 1810. A Letter to Wm.
Wilberforce, ISIS. See Memoirs by Archdeacon Eathurst,
2 vols. Svo, 1837, and Supplement to do., 1842, Svo; also
Memoirs and CorresDondcnco, by his Daughter, Svo.
Bathurst, Henry, Earl Bathurst, 1714-1794. The
Ciu^e ot Miss Swordleger, Lon.,4to. Theory of Evidence, Svo.
Bathurst, Ralph, 1630-1704, aclergyman, physician,
and poet, educated at Trinity Coll., Oxf., was named by
William and Mary to the Bishopric of Bristol, but declined
the preferment. He was President of Trinity College, and
Vice-chancellor of the University. Diatribje Theologica\
Philosophicje. et Philologicae ; read in the college hall.
1649. Dr. Derham attributes to him a pamphlet, entitled
News from the Dead. pub. 1651; and Carrere gives him
creilit for the authorship of Pra3lectiones trcs de Respira-
tione, Oxon., 1654. As a classical scholar Dr. Bathurst was
very eminent. His iambics prefixed to Holles's Treatise
of Human Nature, pub. 1650/ have been greatly admired.
" His Latin Orations are wonderful specimens of wit and anti-
thesis, which wore the delight of his age. They want, upon the
whole, the purity and simplicity of Tidly's eloquence, but even
exceed the sententious smartness of Seneca and the surprising
turns of riiny. . . . That pre;;uant Itrevity which constitutes the
dignity and energy of the iambic, seems to have been his talent.'*
— Life by Wurtftji.
"Although he maintained the most exact discipline in his col-
lege, his method of instrui-tion chiefly consisted in turniiiir the
faults of the delinquent scholars into ridicule, inwhlch exjiidiiiit
he always effectually succeednd; all the young students adiuircd
and loved him." — Earl of Bathurst. nephew to the Doctor.
See Biog. Brit, j Wood's Athen. Oxon. ^ History of
Oxford.
Bathurst, Theodore, a student of Pembroke Coll.,
Cambridge, trans, into Latin verse Spenser's Shej)herd'3
Calendar, pub. 1053, by Dr. Dillingham, of Emanuel
College. This trans, was highly commended by Sir Rich.
Faushawe.
Batlev, Samuel. M:iximum in JMinimo.
Batmau, or Bateman, Stephen, d. 1587, a divine
and a poet of considernble note, is said to have been a
native of Bruton, in Somersetshire. He studied philoso-
phy and divinity at Cambridge, and became chaplain and
librarian to Archbishop Parker. In 15G9 he pub. 1. The
Travaylcd Pilgrime, bringing Newes from all Parts of
the Worlde, such like scarce harde before, 4to. [Lon.,
by John Deuham.] Black Letter, with 20 wood-cuts.
This is an allegorical-theological romance of the life of
man, in verse of 14 syllables, introducing historical inci-
dents and characters relative to the reigns of Henry VIII.,
Edward VI., Queens Mary and Elizabeth. Sold at Sothe-
by's, in 1821, for £29 18«. Qd.; resold, Perry, pt. i. 618, for
£26 15s. enl.
2. A Christall Glasse of Christian Keformation, London,
by John Day, 1569, 4to. W'ith many wood cuts. Joyful!
Newes out of Helvetia, &c,, 1575, Svo. 3. Golden Booke
of the Leaden Goddes, «tc., 1577, 4to, dedicated to Lord
Henry Cary.
'■ 8hakspeare is supposed to have consulted this book, which may
bo considered as the first attempt towards a Pantheon, or descrip-
tion of the Heathen Gods."
4. A Preface before John Rogers's Displaying of the
Family of Love. 1579, Svo. 5. Doome warning all Men
to Judgement; In manor of a gene rale Chronicle, 1581,
4to. 6. Of the Arrivall of the 3 Graces in Auglia, lament-
ing the Abuses of the Present Age, 4to, sine tnuio. 7.
Notes to Leland's Assertin Arthuri, trans, by Richard Ro-
binson, sine anno. 8. Batman vpon Bartholome his Book
De Proprietatibus P^erum, newly corrected, enlarged, and
amended, fol., 1582. See BARTHOLOM^tJS Anglicus, in
this volume. Batman revelled in hispatron'slibrary in the
true Dominie Sampson spirit: he tells us that he increased
its treasures by six thousand seven hundred books in four
years; and more than one thousand manuscripts collected
by his pains bore witness to his laudable zeal.
"First by conference with Master Steuen Batman, a learned
preacher and friendlie fauourer of vertue and learning, touchint;
the praise worthie progenie of this K. Arthurc, he gave me this
assured knowledge on this mauer taken out of his auncient re-
cords written at Aualonia." — Rahinson'strans.of Ldnnd''& Arlhure.
Batmansoii, John, d. 1531, a' Roman Catholic di-
vine, studied divinity at Oxford. He wrote against the
doctrines of the Reformation. 1. Animadversions in An-
notationes Erasmi in Novum Testameutum. 2. A Trea-
tise against some of M. Luther's writings. 3. Conimen-
taria in Proverbia Salomonis. 4. In Cautica Canticorum.
5. De Unicrt Magdeleua, contra Fabrum Stapulensem. 6.
Tnstitutiones Noviciorum. 7- De Coutempti Mundi. S.
De Christo duodenni ; A Homily on Luke ii. 42. 9. On
the words " Missus est/' &c. It is supposed that several
of these works were never printed.
'• John Ilatnianson controverted Erasmus's Commentary on the
New Testament with a degree of spirit and erudition, which was
unliappily misapplied, but would have done honour to thr caust*
of his antagonist in respect to the learning displayed." — Warton,
Bale, Pits, Tanner, Biog. Brit., Athen. Oxon., Dodd"s
Ch. Historv. Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Batt, C. VV, Diss. on^Luke vii. 19. 2d ed., 12mo,
Lon., 1789.
Batt, Michael. Sermon, 1 Cor. iv. 21, 1680, 4to.
Batt, Wm,, 1744-1S12, educated at Oxford, Con. Me-
moirs to Trans. Med. Soc. of E. of Genoa.
Batt, Wm. Sermon, Matt. xii. 25, 1754, 4to.
Battel, Audrew, See his Adventures, written from
his dictation Itv Purchas : Collec. of Voyages, vol. 2d.
Batten, Ralph. Sermons, 1683-9*4.
Battely, John, D.D., 1647-1708, an antiquary of
note, was Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, ciuiplain
to Archbp. Sancroft, and afterwards Archileacon of Can-
terbury. In 1711 Dr. Thomas Terry pub. Dr. B.'s Auii-
141
BAT
The subject is the ancient state
quitates Rutupina;, Svo
of the Isle of Thanet. , , ,^ . ,
" It mos the ri'iider a most entertaimnir account of the ancient
Rutupinie and Resulhium, with other cities and ports on the coast
of Kent, well linown to the Komans, whose money and utensils
are here daily discovered, and were plentifiiUv collected by the
curious author."— BiJ. yicolson's Eng. Hid. Library.
A second ed. was pub. in 1745 with the author's Anti-
quitates Edmondburgi, an unfinished history of his native
place, and its ancient monastery, down to the year 1272.
In 1774 John Buncombe pub. a trans, of the Antiquitates
Rutupinw. under the title of The Antiquilies of Kichbo-
rough and Reculver, abridged from the Latin of Mr.
Archdeacon Buttely, Lon., 12mo.
Battely, Nicholas, brother to the above, edited an
improved ed. of Somncr's Antiquities of Canterbury, and
■wrote snuie papers and accounts of Kastbridge Hospital in
Cantorl.urv, |iub. in Strype's Life of Whitgift.
Batlcrlicld, R. A work on the Church of Rome.
Batlersby, John. Tell Tale Sofas, 18 U.
Battersie, John. Acct. of a Discourse, Lon., 1714.
Batteson, Philip. God's Revenge against Murder
and Adultery remarkably displayed in Thirty Tragical
Histories. Lon.. 1779. 4to.
Battle, William. Sermons. 1078, Svo.
Battie, William, M.D.. 1774-1776, was educated at
Eton, and at King's College, Cambridge. In 1729 he pub.
Isocratos' Orationes Septem et Epistote, Cantab., Svo. A
2d ed., more complete than the first, was pub. in 2 vols.,
1749 Svo. De Principiis Animalibus Excrcitatione?, in
Coll.' Reg. Medicorum, Lon., 1751, 4to. A Treatise on
M.adnessr Lon., 175S, 4to. Aphorismi, Ac, Lon., 1760,
4to In 1750 Battie took part in the controversy between
the Royal Coll. of Phys. and Dr. Schomberg. Ho was
maile the subject of severe ridicule in the Battiad, of
which Paul Whitehead, Moses Mcndez, and Dr. Schom-
berg. were the authors. Ho was also engaged in a dispute
with Dr. John Monro.
Batting, John. Chirurgical Facts, ic.,Oxf.,I<60,8vo.
Battishill, Jonathan, 1738-lSOl, an eminent mu-
sician and composer, author of the well-known glee. Un-
derneath this Myrtle shade, and other admired pieces.
Batty, Adam. Serm., 1723. 26 Scrms., 1739, 2
vols. Svo. ,
Batty, Barth. The Christian Man s Closet, &c., col-
lected in Latin i Englished by W. Louth, Lon., 1581-82, 4to.
Batty, E. Reports of Cases in C. of K. Bench in Ire-
land. 1825-26, Dub., 1828.
Batty, Joseph. Sermon on Gal. 1. 1.
Batty, R., M.D. The Med. and Phys. Journal, con-
ducted by Drs. Batty. Bradley, and Noehden.
Batty, or Baty, Richard, d. 1758. Serms. 1750, 1, 6.
Batty, Lt. Col. Robt. Campaigne, itc, 1813-14.
Lt Col B.haspub. several works on Scenery, illustrated by
his own drawings. See Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual.
Batty, Wm., M.D. Con. to Annals of Med. ISOl.
Battye, Thos. A Disclosure, &c., Manches., 1796, Svo.
The Rod Basil Book, or Parish Register, Ac, 1797, Svo.
Bauer, F. Hortioult. Works, Lon., 1796, 1813.
Baughe, Thos. A Summons to Judgment; A Ser-
mon. Lon.. 1614, 4to.
Bavaunde, W. Trans. The Good Orderynge of a
Comnumewealc. Ac, Lon., 1559, 4to. ,,ocno
Baverstock, J. Works on Brewing, Lon., 1785-92,
1812
Bauthumley, Jacob. Thoolog. Works. Lon., 1650-76.
Bawdcn, Wm., d. 1816, an English clergyman, un-
dertook a trans, of Domesday Book, which was to be con-
tained in 10 vols. He only lived to complete 2 vols., pub.
Lon.. 1809, '12, 4to.
Baxter, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr., 1787.
Baxter, Andrew, b. about 1686. d. 1750, was born
at Old Aberdeen in Scotland, and educated at the univer-
sity of this town. His time was usefully employed as pri-
vate tutor to young gentlemen. Among his pupils were Lord
Grey, Lord Blantvre, and Mr. Hay of Drummehicr. With
the latter he travelled, and resided from 1741 to 1747 on
the continent. He pub. An Enquiry into the Nature of the
Hiniian .-Joid. wherein its immateriality is evinced from the
Priu. lilies of Re.ason and Philosophy, Lon. 4to, si'ac niino;
2d ed.. 1737, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1745, 2 vols. Svo. In 1750
was pub. an nppendi.x to his Enquiry, in which he answers
some objections of Maclaurin's. To this appendix is pre-
fixed a dedication to the well known, or we should rather
say widely known, John Wilkes. In 1779 Rev. Dr. Dun-
can pub. The Evidence of Reason in proof of the Immor-
tality of the Soul, independent on the more alistruse In-
quiry into the Nature of Matter and Spirit ; collected from
113
BAX
ti'o MSS of Mr. Baxter. Lon., Svo. He drew u]. for the
use of his pupils and his son, a piece entitled Matho, siye
Cosmotheoria puerilis Dialogus, Ac, Lon,. 1(40, 2 vols.
Svo, This work enlarged was pub. m EngUsh m 1'43;
Matho, Ac, wherein from the Phenomena of the Materuil
World, bricHy explained, the principles of Natural Reli-
gion are deduced and demonstrated, Lon. 2 vols. 8voj 3d
ed. 1765. Baxter's treatise on the soul has been highly
commended. . , ^ , ^ ,
"Ue who would see the just^st and precisest notions of hod,
and the soul, may read this book ; one of the most finished of the
kind in my humble opinion, that the present tioies. greatly ad-
vanced in true philosophy, have produced."--BP. W.iRBraTON.
Baxter builds his reasoning upon the principle ol the
via inerticE of matter. Hume objects to his system, with-
out naming him. in his Enquiry concerning Human Under-
standing. We have seen that Baxter did not live to com-
^ "'f ow-n if°it'had been the will of Heaven, I would pl.-jdly have
lived till I had put in order the second part of the Inquiry, show-
nK the immortality of the human soul; but infinite wisdom can-
not bo mistaken ii callinj! me sooner. Our blindness makes us
form wishes."— icftcr to Jflin Wilkes. j „j , „
•• Mr Baxter endeavours to prove that dreams are produced by
the fiKency of some spiritual beint'S. who either .amuse, or employ
theniielves seriously, in eng.aging mankind in all those imaginary
transactions with which they are employed m dreaming.
"Baxter's Inquiry displays consider-able ingenuity, as well as
Icarnin.' Some of" the remarks on Berkeley's argument ag.ainst
the existence of matter are acute and just, and, .at the time when
thev wen- published, had the merit of novelty."— Dugald Stew.uit.
Baxter, Benjamin. A Posing Question by Solomon,
of making a Judgment of Temporal Conditions ; in seve-
ral Sermons on Ecclcs. viii. 12. Lon., 1661, Svo.
Baxter, J. Toil for Two-legged Foxes, Lon., 1600, 8vo.
Baxter, John. AViltshire Farmer, Lon., Svo; Agri-
cultural Gleaner, p. Svo ; Library of Practical Agriculture,
1834, Svo, 4th ed. enlarged, 1S46, 2 vols. roy. Svo.
'■It contains much useful matter that is interesting to the fti-
mer and gardener. ... Its deservings are above mediocrity. —
Donahlsmi's Aurindt. Dingraphi/. „ t. , j
Baxter, John A. The Church History of England,
from the Introduction of Christianity into Britain to the
Present Time, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, Svo.
" We have eiamined with pleasure the Church History of Eng-
land, by the Rev. J. A. Baxter. M.A. It is fairly written, with con-
siderable ability, and will prove a serviceable manual to the stu-
dent."—CT. "/ £'i«7toiv!; jl/o,i7armc. « „ j,= 1 1
Baxter, Joseph, 1676-1745, minister of Medfield,
Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1727-29. „.,,,„ ,
Baxter, N. A. Soueraigne Salue for a SinfuU Sonle,
Ac Lon., 1585, Svo.
Baxter, R. A. Paraphrase on the N. Test., 1810, Svo.
Baxter, Richard, 1615-1691, a celebrated Noncon-
formist divine, was a native of Rowton in Hampshire
In 1638 he was ordained by Bishop Thornborough, and
two years later was chosen vicar of Kidderminster. On
the breaking out of the civil war. he desired to remain
neutral ; but suspecting the ambitious designs of parlia-
ment, he resolved " to repair instantly to the army, and
use his utmost endeavours to bring the soldiers back to
the principles of loyalty to the king, and submission to
the church." When Cromwell was declared protector, he
bravely " withstood him to the face," telling him that " the
honest people of the land took their ancient monarchy to
he a blessing, and not an evil." Whilst chaplain to Colonel
Whallcy's regiment, he wrote his best-known work, Iho
Saint's Rest. The Act of Uniformity of 1662 drove him
from that church of which he had been so useful a mem-
ber In the same year he married Margaret, daughter oi
Francis Charleton, Esq., of Shropshire, a magistrate. In
1682 this excellent man was seized for coming within five
miles of a corpor.ate town : again, in 1G84, he was sub-
jected to the same ill usage, and indeed for years his lilo
was harassed bv these unchristian persecutions. In May,
1684-85,he was tried before Lord-ehief-justice Jeffreys upon
a charfe of sedition, founded upon his Notes on the New
Testament. On this occasion, Jeffreys displayed his usual
brutality. When Baxter asked for time, this upright juAge
exclaimed, ^. , ,. ,.-,
'• I will not give him a moment's more time to s.ave his lile.
Yonder stands Gates in the pillory with hini. I would say two
of the greatest rogues and ra-scals in the kingdom stood there.
When Baxter endeavoured to speak—
"Richard! Rich.ard!" ejaculated the judge, "dost thou think
we'll he,ar thee poison the court? Richard, thou art an old fellow
an old knave; thou hast written books enough to lo.ad a cart.
Iladst thou been whipt out of thy writing trade forty years ago.
'' Jeffreys would gladly have inflicted the whipping now,
through the streets of the city, but the other .ludgc had less
brutality; .and the sentence was ouli/ a fine of 500 marks,
imprisonment till paid, and bonds for good behaviour tor
BAX
BAX
seven years ! But Lord Powis.a unl.lenian (in-dred) of the
Roman Catholic Church, exerted himself successfully to
have the fine remitted, and he was liherated after an im-
prisonment of about eighteen mouths. The remaining
tive years of his life were unmolested by his persecutors.
He continued preaching until December, 1691, when he
died '' in great peace and joy.''
Among his best known works are : 1. The Saint's Ever-
lasting Rest, Lon., 1650. 2. A Call to the Unconverted,
Lon., 1669. 3. Christian Directory, Lon., 1673. 4. The
Poor Man's Family Book, Lon., 1674. 5. The Cure of Me-
lancholy, Ac, Lon., 1683. 6. A Paraphrase on the New
Testament, Lon., 1685. 7. Dying Thoughts, Lon., 1688.
S. Reliciuite Baxteriana;, or his own Narrative of his Life
and Times, pub. by M. Sylvester, Lon., 1696, fol. He is
said to have been the author of above 120 books, (Watt
enumerates 112.) and to have had more than half that
number written against him.
A collection of his Discourses was pub. in 1707, 4 vols,
fol. He was a deeply learned and most holy man. Lord
William Russell, before his execution, sent to Baxter his
hearty thanks for his Dying Thoughts.
"Such hiiTe made me better (Wquaiuted with the other world
than I was before, and have not a little contributed to my support
and relief^ aud to the fitting me for what I .am to go through."
20,000 copies of the Call to the Unconverted were sold
in a twelvemonth, and it was translated into all the Euro-
pean languages, and into one of the dialects of India.
He is said to
" Have preached more sennons, engaged in more controversies,
and written more books, than any other Noncouformist of the age."
In his efforts for the spiritual welfare of his flock, he
was a bright example to all ministers ;
" Tisitiug from house to house, prevailing on them almost uni-
versally to prjictise Fajitlt Praver, aud instrumentally effecting
a great reform among them."
Bishop Stillinglieet speaks of him as
"Our reverend and learned Mr. Baxter."
" A person of great devotion and piety, and of a very subtile and
quick .apprehension." — Bishop Burnet.
Bishop Patrick refers to "his learned and pious endea-
vours ;" and he had the esteem and friendship of many
great and worthy men. as Chief Justice Hale, Archbishop
Tillotson, the Earl of Lauderdale, i-c. Dr. Manton thought
he came nearest the apostolical writings of any man of his
age. Archbishop Usher importuned bim to write on the
subject of Conversion. Dr. Barrow declared,
" His practical writings were never mended, his controversial,
seldom refuted."
" His books, for their number and variety of matter, make a li-
brary. They contain a rich treasure of controversial, casuistical,
positive, and practical divinity." — I)r. b.ites.
''The best method of forming a correct opinion of Baxter's la-
bours for the press, is by comparing them with some of his breth-
ren who wrote a great deal. The works of Bishop Hall amount to
10 vols. Svo ; Lightfoot's extend to 13 ; Jeremy Taylor's to 15 ■ Dr
Goodwin's would make about 20 ; Dr. Owen's ext'end to 28 ; Bax-
ter's, if printed in a uniform edition, would not be comprised in
less than sixty volumes I"
'■ He was the fittest man of the age for a casuist, because he
feared no man's displeasure, nor hoped for anv man's preferment "
— Hon. Robt. Boyle.
" Baxter's work on the New Testament, like most of his practi-
cal divinity, is plain, forcible, and improving,"— Oirdlestone.
■' It is rather of a practical than a critical nature. It is designed
not so much for the use of the learned. ■ as of religious famili'es in
their d:uly reading of the .Scriptures, and of the poorer sort of
scholars, and ministers, who want fuller helps.' To such, the work
is fitted to be useful ; but even others will find occasionallv some
very important suggestions, and the true meaning- of a d'iiHcuIt
passage pointed out with no parade of learning."— Orme.
"The annotations at the end of the chapters are. for the most
part, very short, and contain much sound sense and nietv " T
H. HORNE. t J-
" It is very plain, but with much piety and good sense. Baxter
was a truly pious and practical writer, with lively views of eter-
mty." — BlcKERSTETn.
•The same critic considers our author's Catholic Theolcv as
well calculab?d to abate selfmonceit. An extensive view of dif-
ferent opinions:" his " Reasons of the Christian Religion is a pow-
erful treatise :" his " Church Historv of theGovernment of Bishops
contains much mformation respecting the errors of Councils, taken
from Binnius and Crabbe :" his •' Narrative of his Life and Times
LS a very instructive and entertaining work, respecting one of the
most interesting periods of English History. Allowance should
be made for the imperfection of every human writer, and for his
peculianties. Bitter animadversions were published on this work
m 1696, entitled VmdicifeAnti-Baxteriana?."
"He must be very wise or very stupid to whom Baxter can im-
part no instruction. — Orme.
'■ His books of Practical Divinity have been effectual for more
numerous conversions of sinners to God, than any printed in our
time; and while the church remains on earth, will be of continu.aI
efficacy to recover lost souls," — Dr. B \tes, '
Dr. Calnmy says of The Saint's Everlasting Rest,
"This is the book for which multitudes will have cause to bless
God for ever, , . . The examples of heavenly meditation whiih
Baxter gives, really breathe of heaven ; and the miportanoe of such
meditation as a duty, and as a means of spiritual growth, is admi-
rably set forth, and most powei-fully enforced.''
A celebrated critic remarks of Glildas Salvianus, or Re-
formed Pastor,
"In the whole compass of divinity, there is scarcely .any thing
superior to this valuable practical treatise, in close pathetic a^
peals to the conscience of the minister of Christ upon the primary
duties of his office. The main object is to press the necessity of his
bringing home the truth of the Gospel to every individual of his
flock, by affectionate, c.athecheticul instruction."
Dr. Samuel Clarke considered our author's Reasons of
the Christian Religion as one of the most masterly per-
formances on the subject of any in the English language.
"In it Baxter examines Lord Herbert's book. On Truth, and
furnishes some ingenious, judicious, and valuable remarks by way
of answer." — BoouE.
" Baxter'.s Reasons contain an able statement of the evidences "'
— Bickersteth.
His Key for Catholics to open the Juggliug of the Je-
suits has been commended as
" A masterly refutation of the errors and peculiar dogmas and
a thorough exposure of all the deceitful arts of the Romish Chm-ch
and Jesuitism.''
His Church History of Bishops, and Treatise on Epis-
copacy,
" Are among the best of B.axter's writings which have not been
republished, and well deserve the attention of inquirers into the
affairs of the Church." — Orme,
" His vouchers are beyond all exception," — Wesley.
" There is a living energy and spirit in the practical writings of
Biixter, which the reader seldom meets with in any other author.
His appeals to the conscience are often mighty aiid irresistible.''
— WtUiavts's C/tn:<tian Preac/ier.
_ " Baxter wrote as in the view of eternity; but generally judi-
cious, nervous, spiritual, and evangelical, though often charged
with the contrary. He discovers a manlv eloquence, and the most
evident proofs of an amazing genius, with respect to which he may
not improperly be called the English Denwsthmes."— Doddridge's
LcH. ml Preaching.
" Pray read with great attention Baxter's Life of himself; it is
an inestunable work. There is no substitute for it in a course of
study for a clergyman or public man ; I could almost as soon doubt
the Gospel verity as Baxter's veracity." — Coleridge.
Dr. Dibdin describes Baxter as
" A divine of a most capricious, yet powerful and original, mind.
What Prynne was in law and history, Baxter was in theology : as
the simil.arity. in point of quaintness, in the titles of their re-
spective works, testifies."
"Baxter is my particular favourite: it is impossible to tell you
how much I am charmed with the devotion, good sense, and pa-
thos, which is everywhere to be found in him," — Doddridoe.
" He cultivated every subject he handled, and if he had lived in
the primitive time, he had been one of the fathers of the church.
It was enough for one age to pi-oduce such a person.'' — Bishop
Wllkins.
_ " His life contains much useful matter, and many valuable par-
ticulars of the time of Charles I."— Wilberporce.
Boswell records the opinion of his great friend :
" I asked him what works of Richard Baxter's I should read. He
s.aid ' Read any of them ; thev are all good.'" Another of John-
son's friends tells us that the doctor " thought Baxter's Reasons of
the Christian Religion contained the best collection of the evidences
of the divinity of the Christian system."
Works with life, by Rev. Wm. Orme, Lon., 1830, 23 vols.
Svo, £12 128. Orf. Practical works, Lon., 1847, 4 vols. imp. ■
Svo, £3 3». Of/.
Baxter, Thomas. The Circle squared, Lon., 1732,
Svo. Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy & N. Philos.,
accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons, Lon., 1740,
Svo. Once a popular work.
Baxter, Thomas, An Ilhistration of the Egyptian,
Grecian, and Rom, Costume, with Descrip., Lon., ISIO, Svo.
Baxter, William, 1650-1723, born at Llangollen, in
Shropshire, was a nephew of the celebrated Richard Baxter.
He became a proficient in antiquarian investigations and
in the dead languages. In 1679 he puli. a Latin Grani-
m.ar; and in 1695 au ed. of Anacreon, which was reprinted
in 1710 with improvements, which are said to be taken
from the ed. of Joshua B,arnes, pub. in 1705. In 17111
appeared his celebrated ed. of Horace ; the 2d ed. of which
was pub. in 1725. Dr. Harwood praises Baxter's ed. as
" By far the best edition of Horace ever published, I have read
it many times through, and know its singular worth, England
has not produced a more elegant or judicious critic than Baxter,"
Gesner's Horace was based upon Baxter's, and Bishop
Lowth pronounced the 2d ed. of Gesner's, pub. in 1772
the best ed. of Horace ever delivered to the world. Mr.
Baxter was engaged in several other literary labours. In
1719 was pub. a portion of his Glossarium Antiquitatum
Britannicarum ; the whole of this work was pub. before
his death at the expense of that ornament to literature, as
well as to the healing art. Dr. Richard Mead. That which
relates to the letter A was reprinted in the Reliqnise Bax-
teriana'. His etymologies in this work are often correct
and undeniable, hut some are capricious.
BAX
BAY
*' His conjectures will sometimes appear to be too bold, and too
much out of the commou road ; but more often surprisingly in-
strui'tive. and always pleasant and diverting to either a Briiish or
Irish Antiquary." — Bishop Xicolsos,
Baxter, William. British Phoenogamous Botany,
6 vols. Bvo, £5 lbs. ; coloureil plates. £9. Lon., 1843.
Baxter, W. E, 1. America and Americans, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Imiirrssinns of Cuntral and Southern Eurupc,
Svo. 3. Travels in Portugal, Spain, Italy, 1850-51, 2 vols,
p. 8vo.
Bay, E. H. Ecports of Cases in Superior Courts of
Law in S. Carolina sincu the Kevolutionj 2d ed., 2 vols.
Svo, New York. 1809-11.
Bay, W. Work on the Dysentery, N. York. 1797, Svo.
Bayard, Elise Justine, d. in Xew Y'ork, was the
wife of Fulton Cutting. Esq., contributed a number of
poetical pieces to the iteriodieals of the day. The Literary
World, The Knickerbocker, &c.
"The amateur votary has shewn a vigor of thought, emotion,
and expression in some of her productions which gives the highest
promise of what she may accomplish should she devote her tine
intelligence to literature." — Grisioold's Pemate Poets of America.
" The few poems tliot she has published are enough to entitle
her to take a higli rank among tlie poetesses of our country." —
Woman^s liecoriL
Bayard, James. A Brief Exposition of the Consti-
tution ot the United States. A'c, 12mo. Philadelphia, 1833.
Bayard, James A., 17G7-1S15, a native of Phila-
delphia. A speech of this distinguished American states-
man on the Foreign Intercourse Bill was pub. in 1798, and
his speech on the Repeal of the Judiciary in a vol. of flie
speeches delivered in this controversy, pub. in 1802.
Bayard, Samuel. An Abstract of the Laws of the
TTnited States ivhich relate chiefly to the Duties and Au-
thority of the Judges of the Inferior State Courts, and
the Justices of the Peace throughout, the Union, Svo,
New York, 1834. A Digest of American Cases on the Law
of Evidence, intended as notes to Peake's Compendium of
the Law of Evidence, Svo, Philadelphia. 1810.
" It does not appear that these notes were ever inserted in an
edition of the book for whieh they were designed. After their first
preparation, thf* notes were expanded and published in their pre-
sent form. These abstracts of cases, arranged under appropriate
titles, have long since, in substance, been incorporated into other
works upon the law of evidence." — Marvin's Lfgal Bibl.
Bayes, Joshua, 1671-1761, a Presbyterian minister,
was one of the writers who completed Matthew Henry's
Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. He pub. a work
against Popery, 1735, 2 vols. Svo.
Bayes, Rev. Thomas* Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr.,
1763, etc.
Bayfield, Mrs. Fugitive Poems, 1805. Gleanings,
<tc., 1806.
Bayfield, R. Bulwnrke of Truth. &c.. Lon.. 1657, Svo,
Bayfield, Robt. Med. works. Lon.. 1655, 62, '3, '8, '77.
Bayford, A, F. Report, &c.. Oiliee of the Judge,
Lon., iS45. Svo. Argument against the Bp. of Exeter, on
behalf of Rev. G. C. Gorham, 2d ed., Lon.. 1849, Svo.
Bayford, David. Con. to Memoirs Med., 17S9.
Bayford, Thos. Medical treatises, Lon., 1767-72.
• Bayldou, J. S. Treatise on the Poor Kate, 2d ed.,
Lon., 1S34, Svo. The Art of Valuing Rents and Tillages,
Ac., 1825, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Baylee, Joseph. The Institutions of the Church
of England are of Divine Authority, 3d ed., improved, sm.
Svo. Duhl., is:;8.
Bayley, R. B. The Sorrows of Eliza, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Bayley, C, D.D. The Christian's Choice, Manch.,
1801. 12mo.
Bayley, Catherine. Vacation Evenings, 1809, 3
vols. 12uio. Zadig and Astarte, from the French of Vol-
Uire, 1810, Svo.
Bayley, Cornelius. Theolog. works, &c., Lon.,
1782, "So, 'SG. An Easy Entrance into the Sacred Lan-
guage, &c., Lon., 1782, Svo.
Bayley, Edward, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1736.
Bayley, Er. On Fines and Recoveries, Lon., 1S2S, Svo.
Bajley, t'rancis. Funeral Sermons, 1660, 4to.
Bay-ley, Frederick >V. N. B., 1807-1852, British
journalist, tir^t editor of Illustrated Loudon News. 1.
Four Y'eavs" Residence in the West Indies, 1830. 2. New
Tale of a Tub, in Verse, 16mo and 4to. 3. Tales of the
Late Revolution, 12mo. 4. Wake of Ecstasy; a Poem,
4to. 5. Little Red Riding Hood. 6. Blue Beard, Ac.
Bayley, George. Guide to the Tongue, 1804, foL
The Young Mathematician's Assistant, 1805, 4to.
Bayley, Rev. H. V. Sermon, Manchester, 1S03, Svo.
Bayley, Joel. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769.
Bayley, Sir John, 1703-1841. A Summary of the
Law of Bills of Exchange, Cash Bills, and Promissory
144
Nott'Si 1st ed.. 1789; 5th ed., edited by Francis Bayley,
Svo, Lon., 1830: 2d American ed., Boston, 1836.
*' Bayley on Bills is, no lioubt, an admirable specimen of acco-
rate deduction of the principles to be extracted from reported deci-
sions, and of concise and lucid statements of those priuciples."
Raymond's Reports, Jtc. ; 4th ed., Lon., 1700. 3 vols. i.
Svo. Book of Ct)mmon Prayer, with Notes, 1S16.
Bayley, John. The Forester; a Drama, 1798. Svo.
Bayley, John. History and Antiquities of the Tower
of London, Lon., 1S21-25, 4to ; 2 vols, with plates. Pub.
at £f. Ids. 6d.; large paper, £12 12*.
"This e-Kceedingly beautiful and esteemed work is very scarce
on larffe paper, and sometimes valued at more than its published
price."
" That the history of the venerable fortress could have fallen
into superior hanusis impossible: for there is a caution, an acute-
ness, and a judgment visible in the writing:s of Mr. Bayley, which
are demonstrative evidence of his accuracy and scrupulous fidelity."
— Gfiitkman's Maqazine.
Bayley, John, b. 1814, in Eng. Settled in V. S.,
1836. Confessions of a converted Infidel, &c. Contrib.
to various journals.
Bayley, John B. Commentaries on the Laws of
England, in the order, and compiled from the text, of
Blackstone ; and embracing the new statutes and altera-
tions to the present time. 8vo, Lon., 1840.
'* lie has applied the pruning knife so assiduously, that scarcely
a leaf or branch remains of The Commentaries. J-'our volumes are
packed into one, and his book is a bold abridgement of a work
that, as it is, the most enlightened jurists have pronounced a
model of excellence of legal composition, and wonderful accuracy
in the statement of legal principles." — Marvin's Li'(/al Bibl.
Bayley, Peter, Jr. Poems, Lon., 1803, Svo.
''These pwms certainly discover some fire, and some power of
expression. If a second edition should be demanded, we earnestly
recommend to the author a steady application of the file ; and au
endeavour, in all parts of his book, to do better even where he may
at present conceive, and most readers will allow, that he has don«
well." — Mmithhi Eericw.
Bayley, Richard, M.D., 1745-1801, an eminent phy-
sician of Kcw York, took great interest in investigations
connected with the Yellow Fever. He pub. Cases of the
Angina Tracheatis, with the mode of Cure, Kew Y'ork,
1781, Svo. Essay on the Yellow Fever, 1797. Letters on
Y^ellow Fever, 171)8. See Thacher's Med. Biography.
Bayley, Wm. Employment of the Poor, Ac, Lon.,
1757, Svo.
Baylie, Richard. An Answer to Mr. Fisher's Re-
lation of a Third Conference between Bp. Wm. Laud and
himself. Lon.. 1624. fol.
Baylie, Robert. Review of BramhaU's Warning,
Dclph.. 1649, 4to.
Baylie, Thos, De Merito M. Christi, <fec., Oxon.,
1626, 4to.
Baylies, or Baylis, Wm., M.D., 1724-1787, He
was physician to Frederic II., King of Prussia. His ma-
jesty, on being informed of the extensive practice which
Dr. E. had enjoyed, asked him how rmiuy he had killed.
The physician replied with no little tact, " Pas tant que
voire majeste." Short Remarks on Dr. Perry's Analysis
made on the Stratford Mineral Water, &c,, Stratford-on-
Avon, 1748, Svo. Essay on the Bath Water, kc, Lon.,
1757, Svo. Narrative of Facts, Ac, Bath, 1757, 4to, His-
tory of Bath Hospital, Lon., 1758, Svo. Reply to a Pam-
phlet. Ac, 1759. Svo. Facts and Observations relative to
the Small Pox, Edin., 1781, Svo.
Baylis, John. Four dramatic Pieces, trans, from the
French, Lon., 1804.
Bayly, Anselm, sub-dean of his Majesty's Chapels
Royal, pub. a numlier of educational and theological works,
Lon., 1751-89. The Old Testament, English and Hebrew,
with Remarks Critical and Grammatical on the Hebrew,
and Corrections of the English, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. Svo.
"It contains scarcely any information of importance of a criti-
cal nature ; as the not*s. which are placed under the English text,
are very few and short." — Orme.
Bayly, Arthur. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr., 16S5,
Bayly, Benjamin, d. about 1720. Rector of Sfc
James's, Bristol. An Essay on Inspiration, Lon,, 1707,
(anon.,) 2d ed. enlarged, 1708, Svo.
" The internal and external evidences required in a divine revo
lation are well laid down in the 2d part of this essay." — Kipris.
Sermons on Various Subjects. 2 vols. Svo, 1721.
'' lie was a great admirer and master of the Socratic way of argu-
ing; his sense is substantial, his reasoning sound, his persuasion
<!ogent." — Cyc. Bibl.
Bavly, Edward, Sermons, 1749, '56, 'S3.
Bayly, John, 1595-1633, son of Lewis, Bishop of
Bangor, entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1611. The
Angel Guardian. Lon., 1630, 4to. The Light enlighten-
ing. Lon., 1630, 4tfl.
Bayly, Lewis, d. 1632, Bishop of Buugor, was born
BAY
BEA
at Caermarthen,!ind educated at Oxford. After officiating
five years at Evesham in Worcestershire, he was conse-
crated Bishop of Baugor in 1616. The Practice of Piety.
This work had an extraordinary jjopidarity; the 51st ed.
was pub. Lon., 1714. Trans, into French, Welsh, Hun-
garian, and Polish.
Uayly, Kichard. Sermon, Lon., 1640, 8vo.
Bayly, Kobert. Parallel of the Liturgy, with the
Mass Book, 1661, 4to.
Bayly, Tho., d. 1670, Bishop of Killala and Achonry,
Theophilact's Comments on St. Paul, Lon., 1636. Sermon
on Gal. V. 12 : preached before King Charles I. in the time
of the Great Rebellion, Lon., 1707, Svo.
Bayly, Thomas, youngest son of Lewis, Bishop of
Bangor, was educated at Cambridge. In 1638 he was
made sub-dean of Wells. In 1649 he pub. Certamen Re-
ligiorum, or a Conference between King Charles I. and
Henry, late Marquis of Worcester, concerning Religion, in
Ragland Castle, 1646.
The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by God himself,
with a Treatise wherein it is proved that Episcopacy is
Jure Divino, 1649, Svo. This work gave offence, and the
author was imprisoned in Newgate, where he wrote his
Herba Parietis, or the Wall Flower as it grows out of the
Stone Chamber belonging to the Metropolitan Prison,
fol. 1650.
Heescaped to the continent, and became a zealous Roman
Catholic, and in 16o4 pub. at Douay, the Eud to Contro-
versy between the Roman Catholic and Protestant Reli-
gions, &c. Several other woidis are ascribed to our author.
Bayly, Thomas Hayncs, 1797-1839, was born near
Bath, England, where his father was an eminent solicitor.
He was intended for the church, and studied for some time
at Oxford. After his marriage, in 1826, he resided for
some years at a country seat in Sussex. In 1831 he ex-
perienced a melancholy reverse in his pecuniary affairs,
and for the rest of his life was a sufferer from many mor-
tifications to which poverty subjects those whose habits
and tastes have been formed amid affluence and elegance.
His literary industry was very great. In a few years he
wrote no less than thirty-six pieces for the stage, several
Novels and Tales, and his "songs came to be numbered
by hundreds." We give the titles of his publications :
Aylmers, a novel, 3 vols, post Svo. Kindness in AVomen,
tales, 3 vols, post Svo. Parliamentary Letters, and other
Poems, 12mo. Rough Sketches of Bath, 12mo. Weeds
of Witchery, poems, r. Svo. To which must be added,
Poetical Works and Memoir by his Widow, 2 vols, post
8vo. Mr. Bavly's songs are among the best known and
most generally admired in the language. Who is not fa-
miliar with the touching pathos of The Soldier's Tear;
We met. — 'twas in a Crowd ; Oh, no, we never mention
Her; the joyous ahmidon of I'd be a Butterfly; or the
good-natured satire of My Married Daughter could you
see; and Why Don't the Men Propose?
"The poems and sonj^s of >Ir, llaynes Eayly will not be entitled
to a hiirh phice in tin.' literiiture of oui- a^:e : a certain air of insub-
Btantiality attaches to thpm all; the pathos rarely goes down to
the springs of the human feelings, and the humour scarcely ex-
ceeds the playfulness which marks elegant society in its dally ap-
pearances."
" He possessed a playful fancy, a practised ear, a refined taste,
and a sentimeut which ranged ple-asantly from the fanciful to the
pathetic, without, however, strictly attaining either the highly
imaginative, or the deeply passionate."' — Moir.
Bayly, William, d. 1810, an eminent astronomer,
accompanied Capt. Cook in 1772, and pub. the results of
his observations under the title of Astronomical Observa-
tions on board the "Resolution" and "Adventure," in a
voyage round the world in 1772. Lon., 1774, 4to. Several
subscijuent puldicationg appeared upon the same subject.
Baylye, Thos. A Glympse of Paradise, 1710, Svo.
Bayuam, Wm., 1749-*18i4, of Virginia. Con. to Med.
Journals.
Baynard, £d\vard, M.D. Profess. Treatises, Lon.,
1694-i706.
Ba>iic, Alexander, d. 1737, Prof. Law in Edin-
burgh Univ. Hope's Minor Practicks from MS., with a
Discourse on the Rise and Progress of the Law of Scot-
land, and the Method of Studying it, 1726. Other Trea-
tises, Edin., 1747, '48, '49.
Bayne, D., or K., M.D. Prof, treat., Lon.. 1727-33.
Bayne, or Baiiie, James, 1710-1790, minister in
Edinlnirgh. He preached a sermon against Foote's
"Minor;" Foote rejoined in "An Apology for the Minor,
in a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Baine, by Samuel Foote,
Esq.," 1771. Discourses on Various Subjects, 1778, 8vo.
Bayne, or Baynes, Paul, d. 1617, was a native of
10
London. He was elected a Fellow of Christ Church,
Cambridge, and succeeded the celebrated Perkins as lec-
turer of St. Andrew's Church.
A Commentary on the 1st chap, of the Epistle to the
Ephesians, handling the controversy of Predestination,
Lon., 1618.
"A useful Puritan exposition." — BiCKERSTEtn.
"Dr. Sibbs acknowledges himself indebted to Bayne, instru-
mentally. for his conversion." — Low.ndes.
Devotions unto a Godly Life, Lon., 1618, 8vo. Bayne
also wrote a Commentary upon a portion of the Epistle to
the Colossians, {1G.'..'».) and other works, pub. 1618-43.
Bayne, Rev. Peter, whilst pursuing his theological
studies at Edinburgh, contributed to the Edinburgh Maga-
zine a number of critical articles on the writings of Sir
Archibald Alison, De Quincey, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mrs.
Browning, and other authors, which attracted attention
and commendation. Some of these papers have been re-
printed in Nos. 2 and .3. 1. The Christian Life, Social and
Individual, Lon., 1855, p. Svo; Bost., 1857, 12mo.
*' The master idea on which it has been formed is, we deem,
wholly original ; and we regard the execution of it as not less happy
than the conception is good." — Hugh Miller.
2. Essays in Biographical Criticism: 1st Ser., 1857, 12mo;
2d Ser., 1858, 12mo. These two vols, were pub. at the
request of the Boston publishers. See N. Amer. Rev.,
July, 1858. 274.
"They indicate the traits of mind and heart which render *Th»
Christijin Life' so intensely suggestive and vitalizing, and at the
sjime time display a critical power seldom equalled in comprehen-
siveness, depth of insight, candid appreciation, and judicial in-
tegrity."— iV. Amer. Hcv.
Baynes, C. K. Notes and Reflections during a Ram-
ble in the East, &c. An Overland Journey to India. &c.,
p. Svo, Lon., 1843.
" So many other travellers and authors have preceded him over
every ini-h of his ground, that it was impossible to have original
information to communicate." — Literary Gazdte.
Baynes, E. D. Ovid's Epistles, 1818, vol. i. Svo.
Baynes, H. S, The Church at Philippi, or the Doc-
trine and Conduct of the Early Christians illustrated; with
arecomm. Tntroduc. by J. P. Smith, D.D., Lon., 1834, 12mo.
" Intended to si?iTe as a historical commentary upon St. Paul's
Epistle to the Philippians."
Baynes, or Baines, Ralph, d. 1559, a native of
Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge.
In 1555 he was, by Queen Mary, made Bishop of Coven-
try and Lichfield. Previously he had been royal professor
of Hebrew at Paris. Prima Rudimenta in Linguam He-
braicam, Paris, 1550, 4to.
Baynes, Robt. Discourses, Moral and Religious,
adapted to a Naval Audience, preached on board his Ma-
jesty's ship the "Tremendous," during the years 1802, *03,
and''04. Lon., 1807, Svo. A Fast Sermon, 1809.
Baynes, Roger. Praise of Solitariness, Lon., 1577,
4to. The Baynes of Agvisgrane, Aug., 1617, 4to.
Baynhani, WiUiam. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1791.
Baynton, Thomas. Medical Works. 3799-1813.
Beach, Abraham, of Connecticut, d. 1828. Hearing
the Word. A Serm., American Preacher, iii. A Fune-
ral Serm. on Dr. Chandler, 1790.
Beach, John, of Connecticut, d. 1782. Theolog.
works, pub. 1732-72.
Beach, Philip. Letters to T. Burnet, Lon., 1736, Svo.
Beach, Thos. Eugenio; a poem, Lon., 1737, 4to.
Beach, W. W. Abradates and Panthca, 1765, 4to.
Beachcroft, Robt. P. Sermons, 1809-16.
Beacher, L. Account of V. Gertru. Lon., 1665, 4to.
Beacon, R. Solon his Fullie, or a Politique Discourse,
touching the Reformation of Conimon-weales conquered,
declined, or corrupted, Oxf., 1594, 4to. Dedicated to Queen
Elizabeth.
Beacon, Thomas. See BEcoif.
Beadle, John* The Diary of a Thankful Christian,
Lon., 16.56, Svo.
Beadon, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Bath and "Wells.
A Fast Day Sermon. 1793. 4to. A Sermon. 4to.
Beak,Francis.Letters against Anabaptists, Lon. .1701.
Beal, John, 1603-1683, an English divine and philo-
sopher, contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., 1666, '67,
"69, '70, 75, 76. 77.
Beale, Bart. Diseases from Vicious Blood, Lon.,
1700. 8vo.
Beale, John. Horticult. works, Oxf. & Lon., 1653-77.
Beale,John. Workon the German Flute,Lon..l812,fol.
Beale, laonel S., M.D., Professor of Physiology and
General and Morl>id Anatomy in King's College, London.
The Laws of Health in their Relations to Mimi and Body:
A Series of Letters from an Old Practitioner to a Patient,
p. Svo.
145
BEA
BEA
"We gladly welcome Mr. Beale's work. The observations are
those of a most experienced and intelligent practitioner, and do
equal credit to his head and heart. It is not to the lay reader only
that Mr. lieule's work will be acceptable; and we augur for it an
extensive popularity." — Lon. Lancet.
Treatise ou Distortions and Deformities. 8vo. The Mi-
croscope, and its Application to Clinical Medicine, p. Svo;
new ed., 1857. r. Svo. Other works.
Beale, Anne. Baronet's Family, Lon.. 3 vols. p.
Svo. Poems, 12mo. Vale of the Tuwey ; or, Sketches of
South Wales, p. Svo. Simplicity and Fascination, 3 vols,
p. Svo, 1865.
Beale, Mary, 1632-1697, a painter and poetess, con-
tributed to Dr. Woodford's trans, of the Psalms.
'• An absolutely complete gentlewoman."- — Woodforb.
" That masculine poet, as well as painter, the incomparable Mrs.
Beale."— OW.vs's MSS.
Beale, Robert, d. 1601, a civilian and statesman, was
a zealous Protestant, and on account of his religious prin-
ciples resided on the Continent during the reigu of Queen
Mary. He embraced the occasion to form a valuable his-
torical library. He wrote a treatise on the marriage of
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suflfolk, with Mary, the French
queen ; another on the marriage of the Earl of Hertford
with Lady Catherine Grey; and his discourse on the Pari-
sian massacre, in the form of a letter to Lord Burghley,
is in the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. His prin-
cipal work is a collection of some of the Spanish historians,
entitled Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores, France, 1579,
2 vols. fol. Some letters of his will be found in Lodge's
Hlustratious of British History, and in Wright's Queen
Elizabeth and her Times.
Bealey, Joseph. Observations, 1790. Sermons. 1810.
Beames, John. Legal treatises. Lon.. 1S12-27.
Beames, Thomas, Sermons, Lon., 1850, &c.
Beamish, N, Ij. Hist, of the King's German Legion,
lS03-Hi, Lon.. 2 vols. Svo. Discovery of America by the
Northmen in the Tenth Century, LK41, Svo.
Bean, Charles. Sermons, 1707-16.
Bean, James. Theological works. 1789-1817. Pa-
rochial Serms., Lon., Svo. Family Worship: Morning and
Evening Prayers for every day in the month ; 20th ed., 1846.
Bean, Joseph, Massachusetts. Serm,, 1773.
Beanus, or Beyn, lirst Bishop of Aberdeen, d. 1047.
Dempster gives a list of his writings.
Bear, John. Sermon, 1748, Svo.
Bearblock, James. On Tithes, Lon., 1S05-09.
Bearcroft, Philip, D.D.. 169:r-l761. master of the
Charter-lLmse, and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, pub.
An Historical Account of Thomas Sutton, Esq., and of his
foundation in the Charter-House, Lon., 1737, Svo. Ser-
mons, &c.. 1726-48.
Bearcroft, William. Fast Sermon, 1756, Svo.
Bean!, Henry, Imjjris. of Debtors, Lon., 1801, Svo.
Beard, J, R., D.D. 1. Voices of the Church, Lon.,
1845, Svo. 2. Historical and Artistic Illustrations of the
Trinity, Svo, 3. Illustrations of the Divine in Christianity,
Svo. 4. People's Diet, of the Bible, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Ser-
mons and Prayers for Families, 2 vols. Svo. 6. Unita-
rianism Exhibited in its Actual Condition, Svo. 7. Religious
Knowledge, 1S56, 2 vols. p. Svo. S. A Revised English
Bible the Want of the Church and the Demand of the Age,
1S57. cr. 8vo. Other works.
Beard, Richard, M.D. Bled. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1726.
Beard, Thomas, D.D., an author of the Elizabethan
period, is best known as the compiler of the Theatre of
God's Judgments, Lon., 1597, 4to, in which ho is said to
have been assisted by Dr. Thos. Taylor.
" In the third edit., 1631, 4to, from pajre 542 to the end ia for the
first tune, added. The 4tb, and generally esteemed best, edit, ap-
peared in lL>48. small 4to.'*
A Retractive from the Romish Religion, Lon., 1616, 4to.
Antichrist the Pope of Rome, Lon., 1625, 4to. Pcdantius,
1631. 12mo. Dr. Beard was Oliver Cromwell's schot.lmaster.
Beare, Matt, Discourse of the Senses, Exon.,1710,4to.
Beare, Nicholas. Sermons, 1679-1707.
Bearne, Edward. Two Sermons, 1726. 4to.
Beart, John A, Vindication of the Eternal Law and
Everlasting Gospel, 1707, 12mo. Elicited by Crisp's Ser-
mons, pub. in 1691.
Beasley, Rev. Frederick, 1777-1845. Prof. Moral
Philos. Univ. Penna., 1813-28. 1. A Search of Truth in
the Science of the Human Mind, 1822, Svo. 2. Examina-
tion of the Oxford Divinity.
Beasley, Henry, 1. The Book of Prescriptions,
2900, English and Foreign. Lon.. 24rao. 2. The Pi.cket
Formulary and Synopsis of the British and Foreign Phar-
macopeias J 5th ed., enlarged, 24mo.
1«
■■• Extremely useful as an adj uuct to the shop library ; a pocket
PharmacopuL'ia Vniversalis. containing!;, in addition to the officinal
forniuIiP, those magistral preparatiuus which are so continually
required at the hands of the dispenser." — Lon. Annals of C'liemistry
and IViaiinncy.
3. The Druggists' General Receipt-Book, 3d ed. 24mo.
"The General Kecc-ipt-Book is an extensive appendix to the
Pocket Formulary. No Pharmaceutist who possesses the latter,
ought to be without the former, for the two form a complete Counter
Companion." — I^nn. Annals of Pharnuicy.
Beasly, Thos, J. "Legal treatises. Dubl., 1837-44.
Lectures relative to the profession of Attorney and Soli-
citor, Svo, Dubl., 1S42.
"These Lectures are fraught with valuable historical informiv-
tion upon the origin of Attorneys in ancient and modern times,
and cout.iin many valuable suggfstions relative to their duties
and responsibilities."
Beasly, W. Inclosing Waste Lands. 1812.
Bcatniffe, John, Sernmn, 159U, 16mo.
Beaton, Beton, or Bethnue, David, 1494-1546,
Archbishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, and Cardinal of
the Roman Church, was educated in the University of St.
Andrews, and studied divinity at the University of Paris,
where he took orders. According to Dempster, he wrote,
1. Memoirs of his own Embassies. 2. A Treatise of Peter's
Primacy, and 3. Letters to several persons. Of these last
there are said to be some copies preserved in the King's
Library at Paris.
*• Ilis high station in the Church placed him in the way of great
employments; his abilities were equal to the greatest of these;
nor did he reckon any of them to be above liis merit. . . , Uis
early application to public business kept him arqnaiuted with the
learning and (.'imtroversies of the age." — 1{obeetson.
His persecution of the Protestants, and especially the
death of George Wishart, was punished by his assnssina-
tion in his castle, in 1546, by John and Norman Lesley,
Peter Csirmichael, and James Melvil. See Biog. Brit,,
Mackenzie, Hume, Robertson.
Beaton, Beton, or Bethune, James, 1517-1603,
Archbishop of Glasgow, and nephew to the preceding, waa
educated in Paris, under the care of his uncle the cardi-
nal. He is said to have written, 1. A Commentary on the
Book of Kings. 2. A Lamentation for the kingdom of
Scotland. 3. A Book of Controversies against the Secta-
ries. 4. Observations upon Gratian's Decretals. 5. A Col-
lection of Scotch Proverbs. None of these have been
printed. — Dempster: Bto.y. Brit.
Beatson, Lt.-Col. Alexander. War with Tippoo
Sultaun, Lon., 1800, 4to. A work on St. Helena, Lon.,
1816, 4to.
*' This work contains little el.se than statistical, meteorological,
and agricultural, observations on the Island, and plans for its
better administration and cultivation."'
Beatsou, John* Theological works, Lon., 1774, '77,
'70, '89.
Beatson, Robt., 1742-1S18. Political Index to the
Histories of Great Britain and Ireland, Edin., 1786. Svo;
3d ed., Lon., 1S06. Svo, 3 vols. This is the best ed. of this
useful work, which is a compilation from Dugdale's Sum-
mons to Parliament. The Historical Register, and works
of like character. Haydy's Book of Dignities is founded
upon the Political Index. Naval and Military Memoirs
of Great Britain. 1727-90, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed.,
Lon., 1804, 6 vols. Svo. General View of the Agriculture
of the County of Fife, Edin.. 1794, 4to.
" Many useful observations on general agriculture; the lease of
land is well discussed." — Donaldson's Agricidi. Biog.
Mr. B. imb. some other works.
Beattie. Aristotelis de Rhetorica, Camb., 1728, Svo.
Beattie, James, LL.D.. &c., 1735-1803, was born at
Laurencekirk, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, on the 20th of
Octol)er. His father was a shopkeeper and farmer, and ia
said to have been something of a poet, though never dis-
tinguished for his productions. In 1749 .lames was sent
to the Marischal College, at Aberdeen, where he remained
for four years. He studied clivinity with the intention of
taking orders, but relinqul.'^hed this idea. In 1758 he ob-
tained the situation of usher in the grammar-school of
Alterdcen, and two years later was honoured by the ap-
pointment of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
Marischal College, which post he retained until within a
short period of his death. In 1760 ho pub. a volume of
poems, the most of which had appeared anonymously in
the Scot's Magazine. A portion of these were rej)riuted in
1766, with the addition of a translation of one of Addison's
pieces, and some verses on the death of Churchill. These
last, and indeed almost all of our author's earlier pieces,
were not deemed by him worthy of a place in future edi-
tions of his works. In 1765 he pub. a poem entitled The
Judgment of Paris. The design was good. Imt the poetry
was not considered equal to the moral. In 1767 he was
BEA
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On another occasion, Johnson contrasted Beattie favour-
ably with Roheitson :
married to Jliss Mary Dun, daughter of the rector of the
grammar-school at Aberdeen. Some two years before his
marriage he became acquainted with the poet Gray, and a
friendship was estalilished which was dissolved only by the
death of the Iatt«r in 1771. In 1770 he pub. his Essay on ■ ,, ,. ^ -■ ■."".....^.. . ..uv,
Truth, which was intended as an antidote to the skeptical ! bS%hVc^moTwAL^Se7R.T^t1^o'f u'r''""™r? '■!"}'" "'"^^^
Dhilosonhv of Hume ■ he de^irerl out sne cannot write like [Beattie:] neitber can [Robertson.!' . . .
piiiiosopuy oi iiume . ne aesireil Such was his sensibility, and so much was he affected bv tiitbeti,^
To overthrow skepticism, and establish conviction in its place; poetry, that when he was reading Dr. Beattie's Hermit m mv nr^
f,L°!^'*!°!l°±il'^.':l';fLfr°"'?'!'''*° ¥??*■■? »>• prejudice, far I sence, it brought tears into his eyes The plrttcuLi" ^" gt
'■ ' There is more thought in the novelist than in the historian,
ihere is but a shallow stream of thought in history.' Bosweli,:
i-"- ■ •ttec'tion?' JoHxsox: 'Whyj
' But surely, sir, an historian has i
less to a persevering spirit, but such a conviction as produces firm-
ness of mind and stability of principle, in a consistence with mo-
deration, candour, and liberal inquiry."
^ The success of this work was worthy of its excellent de-
sign. In less than four years it went through five editions,
and had been translated into several foreign languai'es.
He received encouragement to take orders m the Chu'rch
of England, but declined the overture. In 1760, Beattie
wrote to Dr. Blackwall that he had commenced " a poem
in the style and stanza of Spenser," hut he had "resolved
to write no more poetry with a view to publication, till he
saw some dawnings of a poetical taste among the gene-
rality of readers." The first book of The Minstrel, thus
referred to, made its appearance in 1771, and was most
favourably received. He was honoured by the intimacy
of ^Johnson, Goldsmith, Reynolds, and Garrick ; .and in
1773 received a substantial "token of royal favour in the
shape of a pension of £200 per annum. "Dr. Beattie gives
a very interesting account of an interview with which he
was honoured by George III. and the queen :
'• They both complimented me in the highest terms on my Essay,
which they said was a book they always kept bv them; and the
king said he had one copy of it at Kew, and another in town, and
mimediately went and took it down from the shelf. ' I never stole
a book but once.' said his majesty, ' and that was yours.' speak-
ing to me. 'I stole it from the queen, to give it to Lord Hertford
to read. He had heard that the sale of Hume's Essavs had failed
since my hook was published; and I told him what Mr. Strahan
had told me in regard to that matter."
The author intended to add a second part to the Essay
on Truth, but it was never completed.
The second book of The Minstrel appeared in 1774, and
was received with as much favour as the former. Shortly
before this, Dr. Beattie had declined the offer of the Pro-
fessorship of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edin-
burgh. In 1776 he pub. by a subscription of nearly 500
names, a new edition of his Essay on Truth, with some
other essays in the same volume : On Poetry and Music,
On Laughter and Ludicrous Composition, "and On the
Utility of Classical Learning. In 1777 a new edition of
The Minstrel was given to the world,
: reading Dr. Beattie's Hermit, i'u my pre-
ito his eyes. . . . The — *=—'
which excited this strong emotion was, as I ha\
' 'The
e :, .,.,., ^.;„'~ ' — - -.ave heard from mv
father, the third stanza, "Tis Night,' &c."— J. Boswell, Jr —
fourth." — Markland.
The Essay on Truth is now but little read. The Edin-
burgh Revie'wer of Sir William Forbes's volumes censures
the Essay in no measured terms :
"Every one has not the capacity of writing philosophicallv ■
but everyone may be at least temperate and candid: and Dr Beat-
tie s book is still more remarkable for being abusive and acrimo-
nious, than for its defects in argument and originality. There .are
no subjects, however, in the wide world of human speciUation
upon which such vehemence appears more groundless and unac-
countable, than the greater part of those which have .served Dr
Beattie for topics of declamation or invective."
" Bejittie. themost agreeableand .amiable writer 1 ever met with
the only author I have seen whose critical and philosophical rfr
searches are diversified and embellished Ijy a poetical imagination
that makes even the driest subject and the leanest a feast for an
epicure in books. He is so much at his ease, too. that his own
character appears in every page. and. which is very rare, we see not
only the writer, but the man ; and the man so gentle, so well tem-
pered, so happy in his religion, and so humane in his philosophy
that it IS necessary to love hun if one h.as any sense of what is
lovely.' — CowpER.
The Minstrel was designed to " trace the progress of a
poetical genius, born in a rude age, from the first°dawnin<'
of fancy and reason, till that period at which he may be
supposed capable of appearing in the world as a minstrel "
'• I find you are willing to suppose, that, in Edwin, I have given
only a picture of myself as I was in my younger days. I confess
tne supposition is not groundless."— Bcnrtic tu Lady Ibrbes.
"The beauty of external nature was never more finely worshin-
ped than m the conclusion of the ninth stanza, which Gray truly
pronounced to be inspired."— £(ftn. EncijcU^ndia.
^ Bishop W.-irburton pronounced Dr. Beattie to be " supe-
rior to the whole crew of Scotch metaphysichans "
^ Beattie, James Hay, 1768-1790, son of the preced-
ing, a " most amiable and promising youth." Miscellanies
Essays, and Fragments, with an account of his Life and
Character, by James Beattie, LL.D., Lon., 1799, 12mo.
"The English poems display an energy of expression, a viv.acity
or description, and an opposite variety of numbers, far beyond the
years of the author." ^
In this edition was
comprised a selection of the author's other poetical pieces. Beattie, William, M.D., the friend, fellow-travell
AJjetter to Dr. Blair on Ps.almody w.as printed, but not and biographer of the late W. H. Barllett, assisted the
published, in 1,78. AListot Scotticisms appeared in 1779, | latter in several of his publications. 1. Residence in Ger-
ana tiuring the next year he contributed to the Mirror some j many, Lon., 1822-26, 2 vols. 8yo. 2. The Pilgrim in Italv
papers. His Eyklences of the Christian Religion, 2 vols. 12mo. .3. The Castles and Abbeys of England, imp 8vo
Svo, was pub. 1786.
"Dr. Beattie's Evidences of Christianity is. perhaps, the most
popu bar, as it is certainly the most useful, of his prose writings."—
Sir ^\ M. Forbes. *
In 1790 he gave to the world the first volume of his Ele-
ments of Moral Science, edited a new edition of Addison's
periodical papers, and contributed a paper to the Royal
Society of Edinburgh's publications. Three years later
appeared the second volume of the Elements of 'Moral Sci-
ence. The death of his two sons in 1790 and 1796, and
other domestic afSiction.?, greatly impaired his health,
which had been for many years declining, and after much
suffering, he died on the ISth of August. 180:1. He pub
in 1779 the Miscellanies of his son, James Hay Beattie
He was buried beside his two sous in the churchyard of
fat. Mcholas, Aberdeen.
Of the character of Dr. Beattie, it is only necessary to
say that he was a phUanthropist and a Christian of no
common order.
An Account of his Life and Writings, with many of his
etters, was pub. at Edin., 2 vols. 4to, in 1806, by Sir Wil-
liam Forbes. We find frequent reference to our author in
Boswc s Life of Dr. Johnson. Johnson remarks to
Boswell :
sho,^d°bfI! tK ^^v! avourite of Dr. Beattie. Of Dr. Beattie I
should have thought much, but that his l.ady puts him out of my
Thr^l'„=^ "-"f ^"^ '^"1'' """'"' Weall love Beattie. Mrs
Thrale says, if ever she has another husband, shell h.ave Beattie.
iii,»rt , V" %'"?^t'^."f y °° ■T™"'] i'*. I l»lieve. every day more
hked ; at least, I like it more as I look more upon it "
With this favourable opinion the author was highly
pleased. He writes to Boswell :
" You judge very rightly in supposing that Dr. .Tohnson's fi,
vourable opinion of my book must give me great delijht Indeed
It IS impossible for me to s.ay how much I am gratified bv it ; for
tdere IS not a man on earth whose good opinion I would be more
ambitious to cultivate."
2 Series; 2d Ser.. 1851. 4. Scotland Illustrated." 1838^
2 vols. 4to. 5. The Waldenses Hlustrated, 1838, 4to. 6.
The Danube: its History, Scenery, &>•.. 1844. 12mo. 7. Life
and Letters of Thos. Campbell, 3 vols. p. Svo. See Bart-
LETT, William IlEsnr.
Beatty, Charles. Journal of a Missionary Tour in
Pennsylvania. 1786. 8vo. The Monitor, 1786, Svo.
Beatty, Francis. Cases in Chancery, Ireland, Dubl.,
1829. 8vo.
Beatty, W., M.D., 1770-1843. Narrative of the
Death of Nelson. Lon., 1807, Svo.
Beaucliamps, Lord. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1741.
Beauchesnc, John de, and John Balclon. Booko
containing divers sortes of Hands, &o., Lon.. 1.570. 4to.
" I apprehend them to have been written by Mr. Bcauchesne a
BcboolmHSter in Blackfriars, and cut on wood by Mr. Baldon "—
Herbert.
Beauclerc, Rt. Rev. James, Lord-Bishop of Here-
ford, d. 1787. Sermon preached before the Lords, on 1
Sam. XT. 23, (Jan. 30.) Lon., 1752. 4to.
Beaufort, D. A., Rector of Lym. Scripture SufficienI:
without Tradition. The Norrisian Prize Essay for 1840,
Lon., 1S41, Svo.
Beaufort, Daniel Augustus, Rector of Navan, in
the county of Meath. A work on the Church of Rome,
Dubl., 1788, Svo. Memoir of a Map of Ireland, &c., Dubl
and Lon., 1792, 4to.
"An exceedingly valuable work, containing a succinct account
of the civil and ecclesiastical state of Ireland, and an Index of all
the places which appear on the author's map." — Lowndes
Beaufort, Rear-Admiral Sir Francis, K.C.B.,
F.R.S., ic, late Hydrographer to the Admiralty, d. 1857.
Karamania; or, A Brief Description of the South Coast of
Asia Minor and of the Remains of Antiquity, Lon.,lS17,8yo.
" A vflluablo addition to the maritime geography and antiquities
of a part of Asia not described hitherto."
147
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Beaufort, John. The Daughter of Adoption, Lon.,
ISnu, 4 vols. 12inu.
Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and
Derby, and mother ot Henry VII., 1441-1509. translated
frum French into En<,dish, The Mirroiir of Guide for the
sinfuU Soule. printed by Pynson. in 4to. Treatise of the
Imitation of Christ; printed at the end of Dr. Wm. Atkin-
son's English trans, of the three first books, 1504. A Let-
ter to her son is printed in Howard's Collection of Letters.
Her Will, which is very curious, is in the Collection of
Royal and Noble Wills, p. 376, 1780, 4to.
"That she was a zealous patroness of literature is obvioiis from
the testimony of several publications which were undertaken and
executed at the command, exhortation, or enticement, of the prin-
cess Margaret."
"Bight studious she was in bokes, whifh she had in grete num-
ber, both in Englysh and in Latin, and in Frensbe; and for her
exercise, and for the profyte of others, she did translate divers
matters of Uevocyon out of the Frensh into Englysh." — Bishop
Fisher's Momyvpr Neitii'mhraunce.
See Park's Walpolc's Royal and Noble Authors.
Beaufoy, Henry. Speeches, &c., 1787-S8, 1810-14.
Beaufoy, Col. Mark. Con. to Ann. Philosoph.,
181.^,-17.
Beaulieu, Imke de, Chaplain to Lord Jeffries, and
Prebendary nf Cinu-fster. Theolog. works. 1074-1706.
Beauman, Wni, Sermon on Mai. ii. 7.
Beaumont. Dutch Albanus, Lun., 1712, 8fo.
Beaumont, Alex. History of Spain. 1812, 8vo.
Beaumont, Barber. Provident, or Parish Banks,
Lon.. 1811), Svo.
Beaumont, Charles. The Coal Trade, Lon., 17S9.4to.
Beaumont, Francis, 1585?-1615-16, and John
Fletcher, 1570-1625. united themselves so closely during
life, that *' in death they have not been divided" by the
biographer. Francis Beaumont was descended from the
ancient and noble family of the name, whose residence was
at Grace-Dieu in Leicestershire. His grand-father. John
Beaumont, was Master of the Rolls, and his father, Francis,
one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. He was
entered a gentleman-commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now
Pembroke College,) O.xford, Feb. 4, 1596-97. After leav-
ing college he became a member of tlie Inner Temple ; but
is not sxipposed to have become very profoumlly versed in
the principles of jurisprudence. A translation of the fable
of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus from Ovid into English
rhyme and much enlarged, printed in 1602, 4to, is ascribed
to his pen, though not without question. Of Beaumont's
life but very little is known. He married Ursula, a daughter
of Henry Isley, of Sundridge, in Kent, by whom he left
two daughters. He died before he had attained his 3nth
year, and was buried near the entrance of St. Benedict's
Chapel, Westminster Abbey, near the Earl of Middlesex's
monument. Bishop Curbit honoured the departed poet by
the following epitaph :
On Mr. Francis Beaumont.
" He that hath such acuteness and such wit
As would ask ten good heads to husband it: —
* He that can write so well that no man dare
Refuse it for the best, — let him beware!
Beaumont is dead! by whose sole death appears
Wit's a disea.se consumes men in few years !"
His brother, also. Sir John Beaumont, intimates that
the mental powers of the poet were overtasked :
"Thou should'st have followed me, but Death, to blame,
Miscounted years, and measured a2;e by fame:
" So dearly hast thou bou;^ht thy precious lines,
Their praise grew swiftly, so thy life declines."
Of the collection entitled The Works of Beaumont and
Fletcher, (fifty- two plays, a Masque, and some Minor
Poems,) Beaumont alone wrote The Masque of the Inner
Temple and Gray's Inn, and the Minor Poems, it is be-
lieved, with the exception of The Honest Man's Fortune,
which follows the play with that title: this "challenges
Fletcher for its sole author, and remains the single undra-
matic poem extant of Fletcher's, unless we add a few self-
commendatory verses prefixed to The Faithful Shepherd-
ess." The Masque dedicated to Sir Francis Bacon was
acted and printed 1612-l.S ; the Puems were printed 16-40,
4to ; 1653. 1660, Svo. The most celebrated is the Letter
to Ben Jonson.
"lieaumont's poems are all of considerable, some of them of
high, merit." — Dr. Bi.iss.
" His orit!;inal poems give him very superior claims to a place
in our collections. Alth'"iu;,'h we find some of the metaphysical
conceits so common in his day. p:ii-(ifiil:nly in an elegy on Lady
Markham, he is in general more lire tVi.m ihem than his contem-
poraries. His sentiments are eleuimt :ind refined, and his versifi-
cation is unusually harmnnious. Where have we more lively ima-
gery, or in greater pn>fusi(tn. than in the .sonnet. Like a King
without a Finger? Ilis amatory pnems are sprightly and original,
ftnd sumo of his lyrics rise to the impassioned spirit of Shakspeare
148
and >nUon. Sir K. Brydges is of opinion that the third song in
the play of N ice Valour atforded the lirst hint of the 11 I'euseroso."
John Fletcher was the son of Richard, successively
Bishop of Biistol, A\'urcester, and London. He was edu-
cated at Cambridge, probably at Bene't College, and had
the reputation of respectable proficiency in the classics.
As many of the plots of his plays were taken from the
Spanish, French, and Italian, it is a fair inference that he
was versed in those languages. It is believed that he was
never married. He died of the plague, in London, in
1625, and was buried in St. Saviour's, Southwark. In ad-
dition to the pieces written exclusively by Fletcher, and
his labours in conjunction with Beaumont, he assisted
Ben Junson and Middleton in The Widow, and is supposed
to have been also a literary partner with Shakspeare, Mas-
singer, and some other authors. The Two Noble Kings-
men was formerly very confidently attributed to Fletcher
and Shakspeare; though later opiuiuus deprive the latter
of any share in the authorship. Still the title-page of the
first edition carries the name of both, and the assertion
seems to have been unquestioned by those who, living near
the time, may be supposed to have been as good judges as
the ingenious skeptics of modern times. However, we
offer no oiiinion upon the subject. Langbaine declares that
Shakspeare was one of the authors; and the following re-
marks are worthy of consideration ;
*■ ^ince the truth of this statement was never questioned until
modern times, although many of tfhakspeare's friends were living
when the play was published; since all the old critics mention
Shakspeare as one of the writers of it ; — and. more than all, since
the inU'rnal evidence fully bears out the tradition, we think the
genuineness of it can scarcely be questioned. If Shakspe-are did
not assist Fletcher, who then did? None of the plays which
Fletcher alone wrote are composed in the same style, or exhibit
the same lofty imagination, and if there were any other dramatist
save shakspeare. who could attain to such a height of excellence,
he has certainly handed down none of his compositions to pos-
terity. If Shakspeare did not write part of it, all we can say is,
that his imitators went very near to rival himself" — Cunriingham's
Biog. Hist, of Eiig.
We have stated that after deducting from " The Works
of Beaumont and Fletcher" those compositions of which
Beaumont was sole author, (and the one nndramatic poem
of Fletcher's,) we have remaining fifty-two plays. Mr.
Darley remarks :
" Out of the fifty-two play.s Beaumont had no share in the first
nine here set down, it may be said with little hesitation, and with
none, in the next nine — making in all dgldeen."
The Loyal Subject. Fii'st represented in 1618.
The Island Puincess. *' 1621.
The Pilgrim. " 1621,
The Wildgoose Chase. '* 1621.
The Beggar's Busn. " 1622.
The Wo^fAN"s Prize; or, The Tamer Tamed.
The Mad Lover.
Lover's Pilgrimage.
The Night Walker.
The Faithful Shepherdess.
The Prophetess. Produced the 14th May, 1622.
The Sea Voyage. " 22d June, 1622.
The Spanish Curate. " 24th Oct., 1622.
The Maid of the Mill. " 2yth Aug., 1623.
A Wife for a Moxth. " 27th May, 1624.
Rule a Wife and have a Wipe. " I'Jth Oct., 1624.
The Fair Maid op the Inn. " 22d Jan., 1625.
The Noble Gentleman. " 3d Feb., 1625.
" For this latter set of dates we have Sir Henry Herbert, the
licenser's, manuscript, as authority; which also decides the corre-
sponding dramas to be by Fletcher alone, except the ^Maid of the
Mill, wherein he had Rowley's assistance. That the Faithful
Shepherdess was Fletcher's sole production, there is no doulit. and
every evidence. Two other plays by him, licensed in 162^, are
lost, — The Devil of Lowgate; or, Usury put to Use, and The Wan-
dering Lovers. For the former set of dates we have authority not
so direct, but sufficient; and Fletcher seems to have written with-
out help all the dramas, dated and undated, save the last two,
which he left imperfect, and which Malone says were finished by
Sherley. These lii^hteen plays, therefnro, furnish criticism a fair,
broad ground w li.rrii|ii>ii ti' jiid'.:e nf Fletrbrr's individual style.
We may perli;ips :v\i\ I'lie \\ ('111:111 Il.iti-r, pr-iiiuced alwut 1G06-7.
Concerning the ntber Ihirty-three dramas, (half a dozen excepted,)
we can ascertain the times of their representation, or, at least,
publicjition, with various degrees of precision; but it is difficult
to apportinn their authorship — I might say, impcssible — though
easy enough to hypothesize, and yet easier to pronounce about
it, . . . Besides the above-mentioned definite class of Eighteen
attril)utable almost entirely to Fletcher. I shall mark out another of
nine, all of which may h;ivi' Ix-m pnrlly written by Beaumont, as
they were composed or mad*' pulilic lietnro his death, and some of
them even claim him for their i Inef author on good evidence."
The Knight of the Burning Pestle. First rep. in 1611.
Philaster; or, Love and Madness. Rep. before 1611.
, The Maid's Tragedy. *' 1611.
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King and No King.
The Honest Man's FonTONE.
Thk Coxcomb.
Cui'in's Revenge.
The Captain.
The Scornful Lady.
Licensed in 1611. '
" 1613.
Acted first iu 1013,
1613.
" 1613.
Published in 1616.
Written before 1611.
it i,'
Probably before 1611.
Licensed in "
1613
Acted first 1613
ii tt it
Printed 1616.
'* I add The Scornful Lady, thnuirh not published fill after the
denth of Beaumont, because it \\;is uiitl.'n smiiu- yeais earlier ; and
I ouiitthe Woman Hater, th-iii;!! [luMisInd li.fuie tliat epueh, be-
cause he is und.rstii'Hl to ha\c li.ui no shaie iu this work."
" Even from Ih.- al^uve small class we can select hut three dramas,
Terified as joint r<iiii[msilii'ns ot our En^lisli It-iinnit and Pt/(htas,
to wit, Philaster. The Maids Trajredy, Kin^j; and No King. The
former two. indeed, if they be not equi-vahtabh- with all the other
plays tofrether of this collection, are beyond duubt those on which
has depended, and ever will depend, ils priueipal charm, and the
cbiet rennwu of Htaumont and Fletcher. King and No King also
renders ilieir t^enjus apparent in its brightest phase. Critics, how-
ever, gu fui ther than 1 can. They affirm thatof the fifty-two plays,
those under-named — sixteen or seventeen (if we in< lude'l'lie Knight
of the Burning Pestle) — vindicate the time-honoured till.- uf our
Tolume. Ueaumont. it is thnught, was co-parent to these, but no
more than these. 1 will particularize such of their dates as have
teeu ascertained."
The Knigut of the Burning Pestle. First represented
iu 1611.
Philaster.
The Maid's Tragedy.
Four Plays in One.
King and No King.
The Honest Man's Fortune.
The Coxcomb.
Cupid's Revenge.
The Scornful Lady.
Wit without Money.
Wit at several Weapon.s. . « «
The Little French Lawyer. " "
The Custom of the Country. " "
Bonduca. " "
The Laws of Candy. " "
The Knight op Malta. " "
The Faithful Friends. " "
" Partnership in but seventeen out of fifty-two plays gives Beau-
mont small apparent claim on the total joint-stock reputation. It
seema possible, however, that some others, not lirought out till
after his death, may have been planned, and partly or wholly
written, with his co operation before it." — Introduction to Moxon's
editum, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. t>vo.
Beaumont vras author, in addition to his works aheady
named, of a drama entitled The History of Mador, King
of Great Britain, now lost. Several other compusitiuus
have been attributed to our literary partners, as well as to
Fletcher, in conjunction with others; in The History of
Cardenio, Shakspenre is said to have been bis coUengue.
(See Barley's Introduction, and Weber's edition, Lon.. 1S02,
8vo, 1814, 14 vols.) This edition was severely handled by
Giflbrd and Oct. Gilchrist.
We have already mentioned the early editions of Beau-
mont's Poems. The Golden Remains of Francis Beau-
mont and John Fletcher, 2d edit., with other Drolleries hy
severall Wits of these present Times, was pub., Lon., 1660,
8vo. The first collected edition of the comedies and tra-
gedies was pub., Lon., 1647, folio, with portrait of Fletcher.
This edition contains a dedication by ten comedians to
Philip, the Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. It was
edited by John Shirley, and contained 86 plays, printed
for the first time. Also, Lon., 1650, in 4to; 1679. foliu;
1711, 7 vols. 8vo; with notes by Theobald, Seward, and
Sympson, 1750, 10 vols. Svo; with notes by various com-
mentators, 1778, 10 vols. 8vo, edit, by George Colman ; edit,
by Theobald, 1780, 10 vols. ; with notes by Henry Weber,
1812, 14 vols. 8vo, with portraits; edited by Dyce. 1843-
46, 11 vols. 8vo. Moxon's beautiful edition, 1839. has
been before referred to. This enterprising and highly
respectable publisher has issued, in the same superior
style, the works of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Bryden,
Spenser, Massinger and Ford, Wycherley, Congreve, Van-
brugb. and Faniubar. To some of the works of this selec-
tion there are such grave objections, that we cannot desire
their circulation, and there is hardly one author of the
whole to whom the pruning-knife should not be applied
before ho becomes an inmate in the domestic circle. Our
remarks upon certain dramatic writers (see Collier,
Jerkmy) may be consulted in this connexion.
The friendship existing between Beaumont and Fletcher
was of the most endearing kind. Aubrey tells us, in his
remarks upon Beaumont,
"There was a wonderful consimility of phansy between him and
Mr. Jo. Fletcher, which caused that dearnesse of friendship between
them. I have heard Dr. Jo. Earle (since Bish. of Sarum) say, who
knew them, that his maine businesse was to correct the overflow-
ings of Mr. Fletchei-'s witt. They lived together on the Banke side,
not far from the play-house, Imfh bachelors, lay together, . . . the
same cloathsand cloake, Ac, between them."
We proceed to quote the opinions of a number of writers
upon the works of our distinguished poet. Shirley, in
the preface to the first collected edition, (1647 see ante,)
after a laboured description of the constituents of true
poetry, remarks,
" This, you will say, is a vast comprehension, and hath not hap-
pened in many years. Pe it then remembered to the glory of our
own, that all these are di iimnstrative, and met in ]!eaiiui'(mt and
Fletcher, whnui but t^ nhuliun is to throw aeloud u]\in\ all former
names, and bern-ht p'st.iily; this book being, wil hunt llaltery,
the greatest iiKiiiuiiient ol Ibe scene that time and humanily have
produced, and must live, not only the crown and sole reputation
of our own, but the stain of all other nations and languages."
We quote some specimens from the Commeudntory
Verses prefixed to the works. Tbc following refer to
Fletcher.
*' Thou hast left unto the times so great
A legacy, a treasure so complete.
That 'twill be hard, I fear, to prove thy will:
Men will be wrangling, and in doubting still,
Uow so vast sums of wit were left behind.
And yet nor debts, nor sharers, they can tind."
Henry Moody, B.uit.
" Then shall the country, that poor tennis-ball
Of angry fate, receive thy pastoral!,
And from it leaiii those melancholy strains
Fed the attiiitril souls of primitive swains.
Thus the mIjm).- wi^rld to reveience will flock
Thy tragic Vmskin and thy comic sock:
And winged fame unto posterity
Transmit but only two, this age and thee."
Thomas Peyton.
"And, by the court of Muses be 't decreed.
What graces spring from poesy's richer seed,
When we name Fletcher, shall l>e so proclaim'd.
As all that's royal is, when Caesar's named."
KoiiERT Stapylton, Knt.
"Jonson, Shakspeare. and thy.self did sit,
And sway'd in the triumvirate of M'it.
Yet what from Jonson's oil and sweat did flow,
Or what more easy Mature did bestow
On Jfhakspeare's gentler muse in thee full grown
Their graces both appear." — J. Deniiam.
" Fletcher, to thee, we do not only owe
All these good plays, but those of others too:
Thy wit repeated, does support the stage.
Credits the last, and entertains this, age.
No worthies form'd by any muse, but thine,
Could purchase robes to make themselves so fine."
Et>m. Waller.
" Fair star, ascend I the joy. the life, the light
Of this tempestuous age, this dark world's sightl
Oh from thy crown of gloi-y dart one flame
May strike a sacred reverence, whilst thy name
(Like holy tiamens to their god of day)
We, bowing, sing; and whilst we praise, we pray."
Kicii. Lovelace.
The bad taste, if not impiety, of this apostrophe is not
at all singular in our old writers. We quote the compli-
mentary epistle of Ben Jonson in answer to Beaumont's
letter to the former on Tbc Fox :
"To Mn. Francis Beaumont.
" How I do love thee. Beaumont, and thy Muse.
That unto me dost such religion use!
Ilow I do fear myself, that am not worth
The least indulgent thought thy pen drops forth I
At once thon makest me happy, and unmakest,
And \xu ing largely to me. more thou takest :
\Vhat late is mine that so itself bereaves?
What art is thine, that so thy friend deceives?
■\\'hen even there, where most thou praisest me
For writing better. I must envy thee!"
We do not discontinue quotations from want of matter,
for of the Commendatory Verses inscribed to Fletcher, to
Beaumont, and to both together, there are no less than
twenty-five sets !
Gerard Langbaine tells us,
'•To speak first of Mr. Beaumont, he was master of a good wit,
and a better judgment; he so admirably well understood the art
of the stage, that even Jonson himself thought it no disparage-
ment to submit his writings to his correction. . . . Mr. Fletchei-'s
wit was equal to Mr. Beaumont's judgment, and was so luxuriant,
that, like superfluous branches, it was fretiuently piun'd by his
judicious partner. These poets perfectly understood breeding,
and, therefore, successfully copy'd the conversation of gentlemen.
They knew how to describe thr manners of the age; and Fletcher
had a peculiar talent in expressing all his thoughts with life and
briskness." — Jcanmt of Dramaf. I^ets. 1601.
With reference to Jonson's deference to Beaumont's
judgment, we may barely refer to the amusing error of
Bryden, who will have it that " Rare Ben" submitted "all
of his plots" to the supervision of his sagacious friend;
which. Mr. Darley truly remarks,
"Would prove our author indeed a precocious genius, as Every
Man in His Humour was produced in 1596, when Beaumont was
but ten years old. But Diyden seems to have been the loosest
speaker, not an intentional liar, among all our great literati."
Dryden tells us that Beaumont^ and Fletcher's plays in
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his time were the most pleasing and frequent entertain-
ments uf the st:ige, two of theirs being acted through the
year for one of Shakspeare's or of Jonson's. Sir John Ber-
keuhead has no hesitation in avowing his preference for
Fletcher above Shalispeare :
'• Brave Shakesju-ar llow'd. yet had his ebbings too,
Often above himself, sometimes below;
Tkou always best. . . ,
Shakespear was early up. and went so drest
As for these daummg hours he knew was best ;
But when the sun shone forth, you too thnu;i;ht fit
To wear just robes, aud leave o£f trunk-hose wit."
Mr. Cartwright is of the same mind:
" Sbakespear to thee was dull, whose best jest lies
1' th' Ladies' que-stions, and the Fool's replies;
Old-fashioned wit. which walked from town to town,
In turu'd hose, which our latheis caird the Clown;
"VVhose wit our nice times would obsceneness call,
And which made bawdry pass for comical.
Nature was all his art; thy vein was free
As his, but without his scurrility."
This commendation for decency, as contrasted with
Shakspeare, is so exceedingly preposterous, that we cannot
but wonder whether Cartwright ever really perused
Fletcher's writings. Kymer criticizes The Maid's Tragedy,
The Chances, and Valentinian, with great severity. He
sent one of his reviews to Dryden, who, in the blank leaves
before the beginning and after the end of the book, made
several remarks, as if he designed an answer to that gen-
tleman. The following is not without interest:
■■ iShakespear and Fletcher have written to the genius of the
age and nation in which they lived; for though nature, as he
[Hymer] objects, is the same in all places, and reason, too, the same;
yet the climate, the age, tin.' disposilion of the people to whom a
poet writes, may be so diircr.-nt. ib;it what pleased the Greeks
would not satisfy an Englisli ;iudiriire."
We cordially concur in the following censure:
"Among the faults of Beaumont and Fletcher, their want of
decency calls for particular reprehension. lu this respect thev are
fer more blameable than .Shakespeare. The language they put into
the mouths of the best characters hath sometimes a freedom, we
might say a coarseness, in it, which cannot be justified from the
manners of the age, though that circumstance lias been alleged in
palliation of their conduct."'
It has been well remarked that
" Most writers (at least those of great abilities) are commonly
so jealous of their own productions, that they are very unwilling
to have another share with them in the fame of a single thought
that has met with success. How great, then, must have been the
resignation of our two poets; how noble a sacrifice must they
have made to self-love in thus blending their reputations, and
each communicating to each that light which would have made
them singly conspicuous." — General Bintj. DM.
" Almost every oneof Beaumout and Fletcher's fifty-two dramas
is founded upon Love. This fact might even alone serve for a
gauge to mete the genius of our authors. Among all poetic sul>
jects, love is the easiest to succeed with, being the most popular.
To select it over-often is, therefore, a mark of weakness; a proof
of impotence to handle sulijects, which interest less universally,
enthusiastically. No dramatist who has a heart will eschew love-
subjects; but they will be always chosen by many dramatisers
■who have nothing else. . . . Beaumont and Fletcher seem to have
caught one deep truth of nature.— their women are either far
more angelical or diabolical than their men. They have also deli-
neated women much better,— a mark, by the bye, of their femiuine
genius, if we must not call it effeminate or feeble. . . . Certain of
their lyrics are very good, especi.illy the Anacreontic. ' God Lya-us
ever young.' in Valentinian, breathes a fine spirit of Bacchanalian
enthusiasm. But the string our lyrists touched most often was
that which, like the Teian bard's, • responded love;' and which
often did so with exquisite sweetness —
'The very twang of Cupid's bow sung to it.'
Indeed, throughout their works, ■ Venus the A'ictnriou.s' seems to
have been the battle-word on which they relied, rather than * Her-
cules the Invincible,' though not always' so successfully as Ca'sar."
— Darley.
Milton, doubtless, was largely indebted to Fletcher's
Faithful Shepherdess in his Conius.
"True, those thoughts thus transferred, frequently resemble
motes in the sunbeams, themselves fertile particles", glittering
with a radiance not their own."
*' He who has not perused Beaumont and Fletcher can have no
complete idea of the riches of English poetry; and they are the
only English dramatists whose distance froni Shakspeare. in his
more peculi.ar excellencies, is not so immense as to make the de-
scent painful. . . . Shakspeare has few portraits so exquisitely
beautiful as those of Aspasia and Bellario, and not many more
comic than tho.so of Bessus and the little French lawyer. Their
grand excellencies are not so much the depicting of character, as
a rich vein of wit;— a native elegance of thought and expression,
and a wandering romantic fancy. deli'j;htful even in its wildest
moods. They do not possess the profound knowledge of human
nature %vhich alone would have made Shakspeare immortal. They
cannot paint with the brush of a master the gradual progress of
a mind fmni confidence to suspicion,— from suspicion to jeabuisv.
—and from jealousy to madness; or the fearful workings of asoiil ■
racked between the ardent di>«ire nf an object which seems almost
Within the grasp, and thr drr.i.i ai.d alibnm-nce of the path of
crune by which that .ibj.vt must b^ attained. Their characters
are not so much beings of lofty intellect as of deep passion; and
thes^ passions are portrayed not iu their rise and gradual progress,
but in their highest mood." — Canning/ha m'g Bing. J/,st. oj E»g.
*• Fletcher had an excellent wit, which, the back friends to stage-
plays will say. was neither idle nor well employed; fur he and
Francis Beaumont, esquire, like Castor and Pollux, (most happy
when in conjunction.; raised the English to equal the Athenian
and Roman theatre; Beaumont briut;ingthe ballast of judgment,
Fletcher the sail of phantasy; both compounding a poet to admi-
ration."— Fuller's Wiirtldes.
The justice of this apportionment of wit and judgment
has been questioned:
" Since on the oue hand. The JMaid's Tragedy. Philaster. and the
King and No King, iu which Beaumont is generallv allowed to
have had the chief hand, exhibit more fancy, more of the qualities
by which Fletcher was distinguished than themajority of the other
plays which they are known to have written iuconjuQctiun; while,
on the other hand, those written by Fletcher alone, are. on the
whole, equal in point of taste and judgment to most of those in
which Beaumont assisted him."
'• It cannot be denied that they are lyrical and descriptive poets
of the highest order; every page of their writings is ajtoi-ilegium:
they are dramatic poets of the second class in poiut of knowledge,
variety, vivacity, and effect; there is hardly a passion, character,
or situation, which they have not touched in their devious range,
and whatever they touched they adorned with some new gi-ace^or
striking feature: they are masters of style and versification in
almost every variety of melting modulation or sounding pomp of
which they are capable : in comic wit and spirit, they are scarcely
suipassed by any writers of our age." — Hazlitt : ^ige of Elisabeth.
"Their chai-m is, vigour and variety; their defects, a coarseness
and grotesfiueness that betray no circumspection. There is so much
more hardihood than discretion in the arrangement of their scenes,
that, if Beaumont's taste and judgment had the disposal of them
he fully proved himself the juuior partner. . . . But it is not pro-
bable th:it their departments were so divided. Still, however, the
scanty lights that enable us to guess at what thev respectively
wrote seem to warrant that distinction in the cast of their genius
which is made iu the poet's allusion to
' Fletcher's keen treble, and deep Beaumont's bass.'"
CiimphelVs Esaay on Ejiglish Ihetry.
*' That Fletcher was not entirely excluded from a share iu the
conduct of the diama. may be gathered from a story related by
AViustanley. that our two bards having concerted the rouu'h draught
of a tragedy over a bottle of wiue at a tavern. Fletcher .s;iid°he
would undertake 'to kill the king,' which words beinn caught by
the waiter, who had not overheard the context of their conversa-
tion, he lodged an information of treason against them. But on
their explanation that it only meant the compassing the de.ith of
a theatrical monarch, and their loyalty moreover being unques-
tioned, the affair ended in a jest."
We should not omit to quote the opinion of that very
competent critic, Sir Walter Scott :
" Beaumont and Fletcher have still a high poetical value. If
character be sometimes violated, probability discarded, and the
interest of the plot neglected, the reader is, ou the other hand,
often gratified by the most beautiful description, the most tender
and passionate dialogue, a display of brilliant wit and gaiety, or a
feast of comic humour. The.^^e attributes had so much effect on
the public, tb.at. during the end of the 17th and the beginning of
the 18th centuries, many of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays had
possession of the stage, while those of Sh.akspeare were laid upon
the shelf" — Article ^- Drama ^" Encyc. Brit.
We refer the reader to Schlegel's review of our authors;
a short extract must suffice here :
" Beaumont and Fletcher were in fact men of the most distin-
guished talents; they scarcely wanted an v thing more than a pro-
founder seriousness of mind, and that arlisti.' -a^acitv which every
where observesadue measure, to rank Ixsiib- the greatest dramatic
poets of all nations. They possesseil extra<>idiriarv fecundity and
tlexihility of mind, and a facility which, however, too often degene-
rated into carelessness. The highest perfection thev have hardly
ever attained; and I should have little hesitation in affirming th.it
they bad not even an idea of it: however, on several occasions
they have approached quite close to it. And why was it denied them
to t.ake this last step? Because with them poetry was not an in-
ward devotion of the feeling and imagination, "but a means to
obtain brilliant results. Their first object was effect, which the
great artist can hardly fail of attainiuir if h- is determined above
all things to satisfy himself" — Dramaiir LiUratur''.
The studentwilldo well to consult, also, the classic pages
of Mr. Hallam :
"The sentiments and style of Fletcher, when not concealed by
obscurity, or corruption of the text, are very dramatic. We cannot
deny that the depths of Shaksjieare's mind were often unfathom-
able by an audience: the bow was drawn bv a matchless hand, but
the shaft went out of sight. All might listen to Fletcher's pleas,
ing. thouL^h not prof.mnd or vigorous, language; his thou<;hts .are
nnlile, and tinged with the ideality of romance, his metaphors vi-
vid. tbniiL'b soiii, limes too forced;" he poi^sesses the idiom of Eng-
lisli with.-ut nui.h pedantry, though in many passasres he strains
it beynmicnmmoiiuse; his versification, though studiously irrecru-
lar. is often rhythmical and sweet. Yet we are seldom arrested by
striking beauties; good lines occur in every page, fine ones but
rarely; we lay down the volume with a sense of admiration of
what we have read, but little of it remains distinctlv in the me-
mory. Fletcher is not much quotod. and b:ts not even afforded
copious materials to those who cull the beauties of ancient lore.
In variety of char-actcr there can be no comparison between Fletcher
and Shakspeare.'" — Literary History of Europf.
Another eminent critic is of opinion that Fletcher mo-
delled his plays upon Shakspeare's comedies:
" It was these, with their idealized truth nf character, their poetic
beauty of imagery, their mixture of the grave with the playful in
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thought, their rapid and skilful transitions from the trasic to the
comic in feeling; it was these, the pictures in which Phakspeare
had made his nearest approach to portrayiuj; actual life, and not
those pieces in which he transports the iniaii:i nation into his own
Tast and awful world of tragic action, and sufferinp;, and emotion
^that attracted Fletcher's fancy, and proved congeni:il to his cast
of feeling."—!. B. Macaulat.
" Whatever may be their just place as dramatists. Beaumont and
Fletcher were better poets than any of thi^ir dramatic contempora-
ries, except Shakspeare himself They mounted higher on the
wings of ideal contempiation. None can be compared to them for
exuberance and ^nice of fancy, none for their delicacy and tender-
Dess of feeling in passages of emotion."
How much is it to be lamented that poets of such rare
endowments should have debased the muse to the shock-
ing licentiousness which disfigures passages otherwise of
marvellous beauty ! Professor Shaw justly remarks :
"Nor is it much palliation to consider this licentiousness of
speech as the vice of the times. It is true that the charge of in-
decency may be safely maintained against nearly all the writers
of this wonderful period, and we know that the stage has a pecu-
liar tendency to fall into this error; but Shakspeare has .shown us
that it is very possible to avoid this species of pruriency, and to
pourtray the female character not in its warmth only and its ten-
derness, but also in its purity. The most singular thing is, that
many of the more indelicate scenes and much of the coarsest lan-
guage in Beaumont and Fletcher will be fiiund to have been com-
posed with the express purpose of exhibiting the virtue and pu-
rity of their heroines." — Outlines of Eng. Literature.
" There may be quoted from them many short passages, and
some entire scenes, as delightful as any thing in the range of poe-
try; sometimes pleasing by their rich im.agery, sometimes by their
profound pathos, and not unfrequently. by their elevation and
purity of thought and feeling. But there are very few of the plays
whtise stories can be wholly told wttbout ofTence; and there is none
that should be read entirely by a young person." — Spalding's Hist.
This unhappy mingling of nobility of style and eleva-
tion of sentiment with vulgarity of incident and obscenity
of language — this unsightly admixture of the "fine gold
of the bead" with the " clay of the feet," to borrow a simile
from the inspired vision of the propbet of the Captivity,
will ever be regretted by all who desire that literature
should be the hand-maid of morality, and intellectual re-
finement the coadjutor of religious truth.
We close our sketch of these great dramatists with the
beautiful comparison of Mr. Campbell :
*' There are such extremes of grossness and magnificence in their
dramas, so much sweetness and beauty interspersed with views
of nature either falsely romantic or vulgar beyond reality ; there is
so much to animate and amuse us, and j'et so much that we would
willingly overlook, that I c^annot help comparing the contrasted
impressions which they make to those which we receive from visit-
ing some great and ancient city, picturesquely hut irregularly
built, glittering with spires, and surrounded by gardens, but ex-
hibiting in many quarters the lanes and haunts of wretchedness.
They have scenes of wealth and high life, which remind us of
courts and palaces frequented by elegant females and high-spirited
gallants, whilst their old martial characters, withCaractacusin the
midst of them, may inspire us with the same sort of regard which
we pay to the rough-bewn magnificence of an ancient fortress."
Beaumont, Francis William C. E,, b. 1814.
Improvement of Bubliu Bay, 1840. Tracts on Common
Road LocomotiTes.
Beaumont, G. The Law of Life and Fire Insurance,
2d ed., Lou., 1846. Copyhold Tenure. Lon., 1835.
Beanmont, G. D, B. Code of Real Property, Lon.,
1827, 8vo.
Beaumont, Sir Harry, a name assumed by Joseph
Spence. See post.
Beaumont, J. A. Sermon, Acts vi. 7; MoreBishops,
more Priests, more Deacons. How to Increase the EflB-
ciency of the Church. [Visitation.] 8vo, Leeds., 1846.
Beaumont, J, F. A. Travels and other Works,
1792-1805.
Beaumont, Sir John, 1582-1628, was the second
sou of Judge Francis Beaumont, and an elder brother of
Francis, the celebrated dramatic poet. He was entered a
gentleman commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now Pembroke
College,) Oxford, in 1696. After some attention to the
study of the law, he retired to the family seat at Grace-
Dieu, Leicestershire.
Anth. Wood ascribes to him The Crown of Thorns, a
poem in 8 books, never printed. His son gave his father's
writings to the world, under the title of Bosworth Field,
with a Taste of the Variety of Other Poems, 1629. Pages
181-2 are missing in all copies.
"The chaste complexion of the whole shows that to genius he
added virtue and delicacy."
" Bosworth Field certainly contains many original specimens of
the heroic style, not exceeded bv anv of his contemporaries, and
the imagery is frequently just arid striking. The lines describing
the death of the tyrant may be submitted with confidence to the
admirers of Shakspeare. Among his lesser poems, a few sparklings
of invention may now and then be discovered, and his transla-
tions are, in general, spirited and correct."
"The commendation of improving the rhythm of the couplet is
due also to Sir John Beaumont, author of a short poem on the
battle of Bosworth Field. It was not written, however, so early
as the Britannia's Pastorals of Browne. In other respects it hag
no pretensions to a high rank." — Halhim's Litfmry Hidnry.
"Bosworth Field may be compared with Addison's Campaign,
without a high compliment to either. Sir John has no &ncy, but
there is force and dignity in some of his passages." — Campbell.
'' His poems are written with much spirit, elegance, and har-
mony."— Wordsworth.
''Thy care for that, which was not worth thy breath,
Brought on too soon thy much-lamented death.
But ileav'n was kind, and would not let thee see
The plagues th.at must upon this nation be,
By whom the Muses have neglected been,
"Which shall add weight and measure to their sin."
Draytim tn Bf^^aumont.
Beaumont, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676. '81, '84.
Beaumont, John, Jr., among other works, 1693-
1724. wrote a work to prove the existence of witches and
apparitions; Treatise of Spirits, &e., Lon., 1705, Svo.
Beaumont, Joseph, D.D., 1615-1699, a descendant
of the ancient family of the name in Leicestershire, was
entered at Peterhouse, Cambridge, at the age of 16. He
was elected Fellow and tutor, but was ejected in 1643.
In 1663 he became master of his college. He attacked
Dr. Henry More's work. The Mystery of Godliness, pub.
in 1665, and for his zeal received the thanks of the uni-
versity, which elected him Professor of Divinity. His
Poems in English and Latin were pub. in 1749, 4to, with
an Appendix containing comments on the Epistle to the
Colossians.
" Ilis Latin Poems, although perhaps superior in style, are yet
below the purity of the Augustan age."
His principal work was Psyche, or Ijove's Mystery, iu
24 cantos, displaying the Intercourse between Christ and
the Soul. This was begun in April, 1647, finished before
the end of March, 1648, and pub. iu the same year, folio.
This poem was once very popular, but has been long ne-
glected. Pope is reported to have said of it,
" There are in it a great many flowers well worth gathering, and
■ a man who has the art of stealing wisely will find his account in
1 reading it."
" The number of lines it contains is 38,92*2, being considerably
I longer than the Fairie Queene, nearly four times the length of
, Paradise Lost, or Henry More's Poem, five or six times as long as
I the Excursion, and reducing the versified novels of modern times
to utter insignificance." See Betrosp. Review xi. 2SS-307 ; xii.
229-4S; where are cnpious extracts.
, Beaumont, J. T. B. Political Works, <tc.. 1803-08.
I Beaumont, Joseph. Mathemat. Sleaving Tables,
Dubl., 1712, 8vo.
! Beanmont, Robert. Love's Missives to Virtue,
! with Essaies, Lon.. 1660. sm. Svo.
"■ The letters are so full of the common-place inflation of affected
love-passion, that a very scanty specimen may suffice. . . . The
Essays are 15 in number; they are full of trope and tigure. but
frequently with much force of application, though quaint and
sententious." See Restituta, vol. iii. p. 278.
j Beaumont, Wm. Translations from the French: —
Zimmerman, Lon., 1792, 8vo. Anacharsis the Younger,
Lon., 1796, 5 vols. Svo. The Arabian Nights Entertain-
ments, Lon., 1811, 4 vols. 12mo.
Beaumont, William, M.D., surgeon, TJ. S. Navy,
1796-1853. His physiological experiment with the Cana-
dian, St. Martin, won him a wide and honourable name in
his profession. The results of his observations were pub.
in 1833 and 1847, and extensively republished in England
and on the Continent. See Combe, Andrew, M.D.
Beavan, Charles. Onlines Cnucellariie, Lon., 1845.
Reports of Cases in the Rolls Court, 17 vols. Svo, Lon.,
1840, &c. Orders of the Court of Chancery, 1S14-53, 12mo.
Beavan, Edwd. Box-hill; adescrip. Poem, 1777,4to.
Beavan, James. Theolog. "Works, Oxf. and Lon.,
183S-41.
I Beaver, George. Sermons. 1796-1800.
Beaver, John, a monk of Westminster of the 14th
j century. 1. A Chronicle of Britain. 2. De Rebus Coeno-
bii Westmonasteriensis. They remain in MS.
Beaver, John, a monk of St. Alban's, wrote some
pieces, which remain in MS.
Beaver, John. Roman Military Punishments. Lon.,
1725, 4to, with plates : which, being by Hogarth, render
the book of great value. Sold, large paper, with addi-
tional plates. Steevens, £13 5s..- with head pieces and du-
plicates. Nassau, £21 : Baker, £21.
Beaver, Capt. Philip, R.N. African Memoranda,
Lon., 1805, 4to.
"An interesting. well-written work, and of which every page
bears internal evidence of the strictest veracity."
Beawes, Wyndham. Lex Mercatoria; or a com-
plete code of Commercial Law, &c., Lon., 1750, fob; 6th
ed. by Joseph Chitty, 2 vols., Lon., 1813, 4to. In part
compiled from Savary's Dictionnaire de Commerce, and
other authorities.
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" Perhaps the most comprehensive and useful that has ever been
compiled." — Chitty.
" This is a much superior work to that of Malyn's. It contains
a full and very valuable collection of the rules and usages of law
on the subject of bills of exchange. Beawes is frequently cited
in our books as an authority in mercantile customs." — Chanc. Kent.
Beazley, Samuel, 17S6-1851. 1. Oxonians, 2.
Rouo. Author of upwards of 100 dramatic pieces. He was
the architect of several theatres in Loudon.
Becher, Heury, trans. Two Bookes of St. Am-
brose, 15G1.
Becher, Henry. Sermon, 1728. 4to.
Becher, J.T. The Anti-Pauper System, Lon.,1828,8vo.
Beck, Cave. The Universal Character, by which all
Nations may understand one another's Conceptions, Lon.,
1657, Svo.
" A curious work, with a frontispiece, containing, as it is sup-
po8f!<l, a portrait of the author under the figure of the Kuropean."
— Lowndes.
Beck, Geo., 1749-1812, trans. Anacreon, parts of
Homer, &c.
Beck, John B., 1794-1851. Infant Therapeutics, N.
York. 1S49, 12mo.
Beck, I.ewis C, 1790-185.3, b. in Schenectady, N.T.,
October. 1790; graduated at Union College. His attain-
ments in the Natural Sciences were remarkable. He pub.
works on Botany and Chemistry, and one on the Mine-
ralogy of New York. For many years he was the Profes-
sor of Chemistry and the Natural Sciences at Rutgers
College in New Brunswick, N.J., and subsequently Pro-
fessor of Chemistry in the Albany Medical College.
Beck, T. A. History and Antiquities of Fumess
Abbey, Lon., 1844. r. 4to : a valuable work.
Beck, Theodoric Romeyn, M.D., LL.D., 1791-
1855, b. at Schenectady, N.York; graduated at Union
College, 1807; for msiny years Prof. Institutes of Medicine,
Ac. in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Western
New York. In connexion with his brother. J(din B. Beck,
Elements of Medical Jurisprudence; 7th cd., brought down
to the present time, including the notes of Dr. Dinilap and
Dr. Darwell, Lon., 1842, Svo ; 10th ed., Albany, 1850,
2 vols.; 1st ed., 1823. At the close of vol. ii. is a list of
the principal works upon Medical Jurisprudence.
" It embraces all that is really useful either to the physician or
lawyer."— 2 Law Chron. 280 ; Wurrm'sLaw Stiaiv<!. 17'.»; 2 P<'fie. 42.
T. B. Beck has also pub. 1. Botany of U. States. 2. Che-
mistry. 3. Adulteration of Medicine.
Beck, Thos. Three Poetical Works, Lon.. 1795-1808.
Beck, William. Dr. SachevereU's Vindication,
Lon., 1709, Svo.
Becke, Etimon. A Brefe Confutation of the most
detestable and anabaptistical opinion, that Chri.st dyd not
take hys flesh of the blessed vyrgyn Mary, [in metre.]
Lon., by John Day, 1550, 4to. Unnoticed by Herbert, but
in Ritson's Bibliogr.aphia Poetica.
Beckct, Andrew. Shakespeare's hinipclf again; or
the Language of the Ptiet asserted: comprised in a series
of 1(J(J0 notes illustrative of the more difficult passages in
his plays, 2 vols, in 1 Svo, 1815. Other works.
Dramatic Works, edited by Dr. Beattie. 2 vols. p. Svo.
Beckct, J., M.D. Professional Treatise. 1765. Svo.
Beckct, J. B. Hydrostatic Balance, 1775, Svo.
Becket, Joseph. Mensuration. &c.. Lon., 1804, Svo.
Becket, N. Trans. Ger.ard's Holie Ministrie, 1598.
Becket, St. Thomas a. Archbishop of Canterbury,
b. 1117 or 1119, d. 1170. was the son of Gilbert, a Cru-
sader, afterwards a merchant of London, and Matilda, a
Saracen damsel, who is said to have fallen in love with
him when he was a prisoner to her father in Jerusalem.
He was born in London, cruelly murdered, and buried at
Canterbury. The life of this eminent prelate belongs to
political, rather than to literary, history. His literary re-
mains consist only of a volume of letters, 4I?5 in number,
which passed between distinguished men in Europe rela-
tive to the affairs of the English church. To this volume,
printed 1495, and at Brussels in 1682, is prefi,\ed the
Quadrapartite Life, or De Vita et processu S. Thomie Can-
tuariensis et Martyris super Libei-tate Ecclesiastica. This
Life is collected out of four historians, who were contem-
porary and conversant with Becket, vix.. Herbert de Hos-
cham, Johannes Carnoteusis, GuUelmus Canterburiensis,
and Alanus Teukesburieusis. who are introduced as so
many relaters of facts interchangeably. The only writing
attributed to Becket besides his epistles, is a Latin hymn
to the Virgin, commencing with the words Gnade flore
virffinali. which is in MS. Some letters of his, besides
those published, exist among the Cottonian MS.
" The Latinity of the Archbishop's letters is plain, flowing, and
BEC
per piriious.— that of a man who both epoke and wroto tlip lan-
guage' freely: and they display a warmth of feeling, genuine piety,
and hi^hne'fis of principle, for which those whose ideas of Becket
have been formed from popular historians will not give him
credit."
See Eiog. Brit ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Rose's do, ;
Wri<.'Iit's Biog. Brit. Lit.; Henry's History of G. Britain;
Lyttleton's History of Henry II.; Beringfon's do.
'Becket, Thos. Chirurgical Remarks, Lon., 1709, Svo.
Becket, William. Trans. Calvin upon Philipp.,
Lon., iu.S4. 41.1.
Becket, William, 16.f4-17.38, an eminent surgeon,
born at Abingdon in Berlisbire, was author of several
profess, woriis. Cure of Cancers, Lon., 1711, Svo. In-
quiry relative to the King's Evil, 1722, Svo. A number
of pieces relative to the Plague, jiuh. anon, in 1722. Chi-
rurgical Observations, Lon., 17411, Svo. A Collection of
Chirurgical Tracts, Lon., 1740, Svo. He also composed a
brief account of the History and Antiquities of Berkshire.
Becket, William a. Univei-.sal Biography ; includ-
ing scriptur.al, classical, and mythological Memoirs; to-
gether with Accounts of many eminent living Characters.
Illustrated with portraits, 3 vols., Lon., 1840. Svo.
Becket, Gilbert Abbott a, ISlO-lSofi, n noted
humourist, liorn in London. In 1825, eight of his dra-
matic productions were published in Duncomb's British
Theatre. In 1828, '29, nine more appeared in Cumber-
land's British Theatre; and, in 1837, four others were pub-
lished in Webster's Acting Drama. Small Debts Act, 1845.
Comic Blackstone, 1844-46. Comic History of England,
184S. ComicHistory of Rome, 1852. Edit. George Cruik-
shank's Table Book, 1845 ; Quizziology of the British
Drama, 1846. In 1830, he started Figaro in London, which
was the precursor of Punch ; and to the latter journal he
was a cfinstant and prominent contributor. He also wrote
for the Times. Ac.
" The author is one of the wittiest writers of the day. Few
could have travestied so well the real Blackstone, following it lite-
rally step by step."
Beckford, Peter, was a relative of the celebrated
William Beckford. He was .an enthusiast on the subject
of hunting, and gave his experience to the world in his ,
Thoughts on Hunting, in a scries of Letters, 1781,410.
Essays on Hunting; containing a philosophical Inquiry
into the Nature and Properties of Scent : on difl'ercnt Kinds
of Hounds, Hares, Ac, with an Introduction, describing the
Method of Hare-hunting among the Greeks, Lon., 17S1, Svo.
'' Never had fox or hare the honour of being chased to death by
so accomplished a hunter, from the time of Nimrod to the present
day; never was a huntsman's dinner graced with such urbanity
and wit ; and never did the red wine of Oporto confuse the intel-
lect of so politic a sportsman. He would bag a fox in Gi-eek. find
a hare in Latin, inspect his kennels iu Italian, and direct the eco-
nomy of the stable in ex(|uisite French." See this amusing re-
view, with copious extnacts. in the Ketrosp, Review, xiii. 2;il.l-f7.
Beckford, William. Negroes in Jamaica, 17SS, Svo.
Account of .lamaica. 1790, 2 vols. Svo. History of Franco,
Lon., 1794,4 vols. Svo. The aucicnt part by W. Beckford;
the modern part by an English gentleman, for some time
resident in Paris.
"Mr. Beckford and his associate have presumed that thei*e is still
room for another history of that nation. The work which their
joint labours have produced is. however, by no means either acom-
plete or a uniform history." — Lon. Mmthli/ Revima.
Beckford, William, 1760-1844, was the son of the
well-known Alderman Beckford, Lord-mayor of London,
celebratel for having beiirdeil King George III. on his
throne, ou the occasion of presenting a petition and re-
monstrance to his majesty. His son succeeded at the age
of 10 years to a fortune of upwards of £100.000 per an-
num, consisting in part of the estate at Fonthdl, and a
large property in the West Indies. Young Beckford had
the advantage of the watchful care of his sponsor, his
father's friend, the great Earl of Chatham. The jiroprie-
tor of FonthiU determined to erect a splendid superstruc-
ture which shoubl embody his conceptions of architectural
beauty. In this design and other fancies he ex]iended in
sixteen years the enormous sum of £273,000. One tower
employed 460 men both by day and by night through an
entire winter, the torches used by "the noetui-n.al workmen
being visible to the astonished travellers at miles distant."
Fra^'ility was a necessary eonsetiuence of siu'h " untem-
perc'ii" haste ; and a gale of wind brought the lofty pile to
the ground. Mr. Beckford regretted that he had not been
present when so grand a ruin occurred; and he ordered the
erection of another tower of 276 feet: this also fell in 1825.
Beckford loirchased an estate at Cintra, that "glorious
Eden of the South :" here he built himself a palace for a
residence. Lord Byron alludes to this fairy-piilace and ita
lord in Childe Harold, canto i.
BEC
BEC
Had the philanthropic spirit of Howard, rather than the
ifrnohle iduhitry of self, animated the bosom of "England's
wealthiest son," he had not been " lone" in heart amid his
regal splendour. The happiness then difTused by him
would have irradiated his own path, and thousands would
have arisen to call him blessed. It is vain for that man
to expect peace upon earth who perverts the design of his
creation by ''living to himself!'*
Mr. Beokford possessed a very valuable collection of
pictures, books, and curiosities; his knowledge of the fine
arts and general accomplishments were of the highest
order. In 1822 Fonthill was thrown open to strangers,
preparatory to a sale. 7,200 catalogues were disposed of
at a guinea each. It was, however, sold by private con-
tract (some bouks, pictures, &c., reserved from the collec-
tion) to John Farquhar, Esq., for £3;i0,000. In the follow-
ing year the collection was sold by Mr. Philips, occupying
37 days. See works on Fonthill by Britton, Rutter, Sto-
rer. &c.; Historical Notices of Fonthill Abbey, Wiltshire,
by Mr. Nichols, 4to, 1836; Gent. Mag. 1S44.
In 1783 Mr. Beckford married Lady Margnret Gordon,
daughter of the Earl of Aboyne, who died in 1786, leaving
issue two daughters, one of whom married Lieutenant-Ge-
neral (then Colonel) James Orde ; and the other married
Alexander, Duke of Hamilton, Brandon, and ChatelherauU.
Mr. Beckford was lineally descended from the blood royal
of Sc(»t!and, and an "extraordinary accumulation of de-
scents from royal and illustrious houses" concentred in his
person.
We may now consider Mr. Beckford as an author, and
here, in his own line, he is entitled to as high a position
as he might have justly claimed as a virtuoso. At the
age of 19 he pub. Biographical Memoirs of Extraordinary
Painters, Lon., sm. Svo, 1780, a work satirizing some En-
glish artists under feigned names.
'■ This volume is an object of curiosity, as it exbilijts the germs
of some of tlic finest passages in the subsequent work of the writer,
— Vathek. The iliSiii|itinTi of the imaginary ball in the ark of Noah,
in the tale of Ainlnw (lu.-lph. and 0[r of Hasan, possesses much
of the wild sulilitnity and mysterious interest which characterizes
the a.^cnuiit of tilt- hall uf El.lis; and the touches of playful satire
whiih tV-'innntly occur to relieve the somlfre character of the nar-
rative, in sniii,.- parts of Vathek, are not less visible in these Me-
moirs. Wl' coiicL'ive that few persons can read these fictitious
biographies, without wishing that the author had oftcMier favoured
the world with his lucubrations. Industry .-Uone seems to have
been wanting to have raised him to a level with the greatest novel-
ists of the age."
" They are a series of sharp and brilliant satires on the Dutch
and Flemish schnols; the language pi>lishi-d find pointed; the
Parcasm at once d<-i'p and drlit-ate; a p.Troiniance in which buoy-
ancy of juvenili' spirit srts .>[T the results nf :tln-ady extensive ob-
servation, and llif jiutginents of a rL-fined Ithuugh tar too tastidi-
ous and exclusive) taste." — Lou. QwirterUf Review.
The celebrated romance of Vathek was published in
French at Lausanne in 1787. The English edition, issued
in 17S6,- was a translation not made by the author, nor
by his consent. Several editions in Engli.'^h have been
published. So admirable was the French original for
" style and idiom, that it was considered by many as the
work of a Frenchman."
Lord Byron, a very competent judge both of the subject
and the way in which it should be treated, praises Vathek
in the highest terms:
" For correctness of costume, beauty of description, and power
of imagination, this most Eastern and sublime tale siii7>asses all
European imitations: and bears such marks of m i_'in;ilirv that
those who have visited the East will have some dilliiultv in be-
lieving it to be more than a translation. ... As an KasttTU tale
even Kasselas must how before it : his Happy Valley will not bear
a comparison with the Hall of Eblis."
A high authority thus comments upon the noble critic
and his subject:
" Vathek is, indeed, without reference \n the time of life when
the autlmr penned it, a very mnrir'k.il'L p' i f ii-mance : but. like
most nf the works of the great J...,. I uli- h i^ ■hn^ - l"Miient!y praised
it. it is st;nii.-d with somepoivM,,..j, t- . r- i ■: - piiat-nn is'toooften
su.h as mi^-ht have been inhnli_-d io ili.- Hail ni Llilis. We dn not
ailud.- BO much to its audacious licentiousness, as to the diaboli-
cal l.Mity of its contempt for mankiud. The bov-author appears
abeady to have rubbed all the bloom off his heart; and, in the
midst of his dazzling genius, one trembles tn think that a strip-
lin_' of years so tender should have attained the cool cynicism of a
Catidxh..'" — Lon. QuarterJi/ Hevifw.
" Vathek. the finest of Oriental romances, as Lalla Rookh is the
finest of Oriental poems."— iVorWs Memoir nf Beckfryrd.
In 1834, after lying unpublished (though printed) for
near half a century, appeared Italy, with sketches of Spain
and Portugnl, in a Series of Letters written during a Resi-
dence in those Countries, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
" Mr. Beckford has at length been induced to publish h!s let-
ters, in order to vindicate his own orijrinal t-laim to certain
thoughts, images, and expressions, which had been adopted by
other authors whom he had from time to time received beneath
his roof and indulged with a perusal of his secret lucubrations.
. . . His book is entirely unlike any book of Travels in prose that
exists in any Europ.-.iii l;iiit:viage; and if we could fancy Lord IJy-
ron to have writt-n the Untold in the measure of Don Juan, au'd
Ui have availed hinisi-lf of the facilities which the ottava rivia af-
fords for intermingling hi:_'h poetry with mi-niiiient of all sorts,
and especially with sanasti.- sk.tilns r,f liwng manners, we be-
lieve the result would have been a work more nearly akin to that
now before us than any other in the lit>rary. He is a poet, and a
great one. too, though we know not that he ever wrote a line of
verse. His raptures amidst the sulilimescenery of mountains and
forests, in the Tyrol, especially, and in Spain, is that of a spirit cast
originally in one of Nature's linest moulds ; and he fixes it in lan-
guage which can scarcely be praised beyond its deserts — simple,
massive, nervous, apparently little laboured, yet revealing, in its
effect, the perfection of art,. S^ome immortal passages in Dray's
letters, and Byron's diaries, are the only things, in our tongue,
that seem to us to come near the profound melancholy, blended
with a picturesque description at once true and startling, of many
of these extraordinary paces. Nor is his sen.se for the hiirhest
beauties of art less exquisite. He seems to us to descrilte clas^^ical
architecture, and the pictures of the great Italian schools, with a
most passionate feeling of the grand, and with an inimitable giace
of expression. On the other hand, he betrays, in a thonsand
places, a settled voluptuousness of temperament, and a capricious
recklessness of self indulgence, which will lead the world to iden-
tify him beocefnrtb with his A'athek as hiextiiiably a.'i" it lias long
since conn.Tti'd Harold with the pm-t (hat drew hiui. . . . We risk
nothing in predirling that Mr. HedUoids Travels w ill hencloith
be classed anuing the most elegant productions of modern litera-
ture: they will be forthwith tiaiislated into every languaijoon the
Continent — and will keep his name alive, centuries after all the
brass and marble he ever ])iled together have ceased to vibrate
with the echoes of Modenhas." — Lon. (^uarterlt/ Beviejv, li. ■i2*\
Another authority of great reputation, which has guillo-
tined as many unhappy authors in a lustre or two past as
die! the Edinburgh Review in the first twenty years of its
'* destructive ravages," thus commends the book under our
notice :
" A work rich in scenes of beauty and of life. It is a prose poem.
The writer was a young enthusiast, with a passionate love of the
ideal and the spiritual, whether in art or nature: travelling had
little to do with the work but to call forth feeling; iu proof, it was
written fifty years atro, yet. though the road has since been tra-
velled by others to utter weariness, it is as fresh and delightful as
if the ink were not dry with which it was written. There are
scenes in these vrdumes not to be excelled in modern poetry; pic-
tures where words are as rich iu colour and in beauty as the pen-
cil of Turner: the rest is but the connecting link which holds
them together. We are not sure that all will agree in this judg-
ment: but the work will a.ssuredly 'fit audience find,' and take
a permanent rank in our libraries. ... In the account of Portu-
gal there is everywhere the same vivid picturing, the same rich
colouring, the same passion and power: but instead of scenes from
inanimate nature, we have them from life. . . . Our extracts, with
the exception of those relating to Venice, have been taken almost
at random, so rich is the work in scenes of beauty and of life." —
Liimtfm AthnifFum, 1S.34.
Mr. Beckford has connected his name still more closely
with Portugal, by his Recollections <>f an Excursion to the
Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalhn, published iu 18.15.
The excursion was made in June, 1794, at the desire of the
Prince Regent of Portugal.
"The monastery Alcobaca was the grandest ecclesiastical edifice
in that country, with paintings, antiijue tombs, and fountains;
the noblest architecture, in the finest situation, and inhabited by
monks who lived like princes. The whole of these sketches ura
interesting, and present a gorgeous picture of ecclesiastical pomp
and wealth." — Lnn. G^'nt. Mug.
The travellers were "conducted to the kitchen by tho
abbot, in his costume of High Almoner of Portugal, that
they might see what preparations had been made to re-
gale them."
"ThrouL'h the centre of the immense and nobly-groined hall,
not less than sixty feet in diameter, ran a brisk rivulet of the
clearest water, containing every sort and size of the finest river
fish. On one side, loads of game and venison were heaped up.
On the other, vegetables and fruits, in endless variety. Beyond
a long line of stoves, extended a row of ovens, and clo.se to them,
hillocks of wheaten flour whiter than snow, rocks of sugar, jars of
the purest oil. and pastry in vast abundance, which a numerous
tribe of lay brothers and their atteodants were rolling out, and
puffing up into a hundred different shapes, singing all the while
as blithely as larks iu a corn field."
This magnificent monastery was plundered and given to
the flames by the French troops under Massena, in 1811 :
— One of the many sacrifices to the boundless ambition of
one of the smallest and greatest men who ha.^ ever dis-
graced the annals of humanity — Napoleon Bonaparte!
Small in his narrow-minded selfishness, great in an intel-
lect perverted to the worst purposes, and ever memorable
as one of the most remorseless and unscrupulous wretches
who ever trod the earth for the jmnishment of the nations.
^ We have only room for one opinion upon the Recollec-
tions :
" Pleasing and picturesque as the clime and places visited, this
is just a hook for the indulgence of the dolrc far tiiente ; and our
readers can hardly take a more grateful literary companion with
them to the couch or grove. Again we have to expi-ess the plea-
sure which this volume has afforded us, and recommend it to the
153
EEC
favour it bo richly merits ; for. tboupli of slight texture,it is a very
charming production." — London Lilcrarij Gazelle.
See Mumoirs uf Becliford, Lon., 186S, 2 vols. p. 8vo, and
review of the same, Lon. Athenjeum, Dee. 11, 1858.
Beckinghain, Charles, 1699-1730-1, a native of
London, wrote Seipio Africanus, Henry IV. of France,
{both tragedies,) and some other pieces. He also trans,
from the Latin of Rapin, Christ's Sull'erings, a Poem. Ilia
tragedies were represented on the stage before he had com-
pleted his twentieth year ; they were
'• Not suih as required the least indulKence or .lUowance on
account of his years, but such as bore evidence to a boldness of
sentiment, an accuracy of diction, an ingenuity of conduct, and a
maturity of judguient, which would have done honour to a much
more ripened a,,^e." — Bi"g. Ih-avinl.
Beckingtoii, Bekynton, orDe Bekinton, Tho-
mas, d. 1464-05, tutor to Uenry VL, Secretary of State,
Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of Bath and Wells,
was born in the parish of Beekington, in Somersetshire.
Ho wrote a bools on the Right of the Kings of Englalld to
the Crown of France, which with some of his Tracts is in
MS. in the Cottonian Library. Some of his letters are
preserved in the library at Lambeth.
In 1328 that eminent antitjuary. Sir Nicholas Harris Ni- I
colas, pub. the Bishop's Journal during his Embassy to | form
negotiate a Marriage between Uenry VI. and a daughter
of the Count Armagnae, in 1442, Svo.
" This Journal throws considerable light on an event of impoi-t-
ance in the history both of this country and of France, and af-
fords much interesting information on an occurrence which h.as
hitherto l>een very brieflv noticed. There are several letters of ■
Henry VI., with copies of all letters sent and received by the am-
bassadors connected with their missions."
Beekwith, John. Con. to Tr.ans. Linn. Soc., 1794. I
Beckwith, Josiah, b. 1734, an intelligent antiquary
and genealogist, pub. an improved edition of Blount's 1
Fr.agmenta Antiquitatis, or Ancient Tenures of Land and
Jocular Customs of soiue Manors. Lon., 1784.
"Few persons were better qoalilicd for this business; and Mr.
Beckwith has enriched this edition wilh many valuable additions
and improvements. . . . He has subjoined many notes and obser-
vations, which have been communicated by some of the most re-
spectable antirjuaries of the present day."— ioii. Monthhj Review.
Beckwith, Thomas, 1731-1799, brother to the above,
and also an enthusia.st in antiquarian and genealogical re-
searches, compiled A Walk in and about the city of York,
on the plan of Gostliug's Walk in and about tlic city of
Canterbury. Mr. B. never pub. any thing. Init made ex-
tensive collections of valuable papers on his favourite
subjects, which are now in the Bodleian Library, the library
of the College of .Arms, and other depositories.
Beckwith, William. A Plan to prevent all Chari-
table Donations for the Benefit of Poor Persons, in the
several Parishes of England and Wales, from loss, misap.
plication, embeizlement, non-application, fraud, and abuse,
in future, Lon., 1S07, 8vo.
A Letter to Sir S. Romilly rcl. to Cliancery Proceedings,
Lon., ISIO.
Becoii, or Beacon, Thomas, b. about 1510, d.l570,
a zealous Reformer, was a native of Kent. In 1560 ho
was presented to the rectory of Buckland in Hertfordshire,
and three years later to a church in London. He had a
probendal stall at Canterbury. He wrote many wi.rks,
principally short tracts in defence of the doctrines of the
Reformation. His Worckes diligently perused, corrected
and amended, were pub. in a folio vol. in 1563-64, by
John Day. Only a portion of his works is included in
this volume. His publication.s bear dates 1541-77. Many
appeared under the assumed name of Theodore Basil.
For a list of his many productions, see Watt's Bib. Brit.
The Parker Society pub. Camb., 1843, his Early Works ;
being the treatises published by him in the reign of
King Henry VIII.; in 1844 his Pra.yers ami other
pieces ; both of these books were edited by the Rev. John
Ayre, M.A.
"ISecon is an excellent writer, and the most voluminous after
FoXe.'' — BiCKERSTETH.
Pee Tanner; Strvpo's Parker.
Beconsall, Thos. 1. Sermon. 2. Natural Religion,
1697-98.
Beda, or Bede, 672-735. No name is more lUustn-
ous in the history of literature and science during the
Middle Ages than that of the " venerable" Bede ; and we
may add that in proportion to his celebrity there are not
many writers of whose personal history we possess so few
details. His studious aud contemplative life probably of-
fered few remarkable incidents to arrest the pen of the
biographer or historian ; aud to his contempf>raries, as well
as to after ages, {with the exception perhaps of the monas-
tic congregation in which he resided,) he lived chiefly by
BED
hi5 -works. The only accurate information relating to
Bede's life (with the exception of Cuthbert's account of
his last moments) is given by Bede himself, at the end of
his Ecclesiastical History. AU the other biographies, which
are of little or no importance, are founded upon what he
there states. Smith has inserted in his edition of Bede's
historical works, an anonymous life written apparently in
the 11th century. MabiUon has given another life, written
after the beginning of the 12th century, and other anony-
mous lives are inserted in the Acta Sanctorum and in Cap-
grave. Notices more or less detailed are found in Simeon
of Durham, William of Malmsbury, and other historians.
Baronius and Mabillon have collected together most of the
materials relating to the life of this great Anglo-Saxon
writer. More recently, memoirs have been published by
Mr. Stevenson, in his edition of the Ecclesiastical History,
and by Henry Gehlc, in a separate work, entitled Dispu-
tatio Historieo-Theologica de Bedaj Venerabilis, Presby-
tcri An-rlo-Saxonis, Vita et Scriptis, Svo, Lug. Bat., 1838.
The name in Anglo-Saxon was ISeda ; as in all words
of this form, and names that have continued through many
ages to be in people's mouths, the Anglo-Saxon termina-
tion a became softened into the later English dumb e. The
yy^rfe has been continued, because it is not incorrect,
and because it is the most popular.
Bede was born in 672 or 673, near the place where Be-
nedict Biscop soon afterwards founded the religious house
of Wearmouth, perhaps in the parish which is now called
Monkton, and which appears to have been one of the ear-
liest endowments of the monastery. As soon as he had
reached his seventh yetir, Bede was sent to Wearmouth to
profit by the teaching of Biscop, from which period to his
death he continued to bo an inmate of that monastery.
After the death of Benedict Biscop, Bede pursued his stu-
dies under his successor Ceolfrid, and at the ago of nine-
teen, about A.D. 692, was admitted to deacon's orders by
John of Beverley, then newly restored to his see of Hex-
ham ; and in his thirtieth year (702 or 703) he was or-
dained to the priesthood by the same prelate. The early
a^e at which Bede Received holy orders shows that ho was
then already distinguishing himself by his learning and
piety ; and there can be little doubt that his fame was
widely spread before the commencement of the 8th cen-
tury. At that period, according to the account which has
been generally received, Bede was invited to Rome by
Pope Sergius L, to advise with that pontift' on some diffi-
cult points of church discipline. The authority lor this
circumstance is a letter of the pope to Ceolfrid, expressing
his wish to see Bede at Rome, which has been inserted by
William of Malmsbury in his History of England. It
seems, however, nearly certain that Bede did not go to
Rome on this occasion; and reasons have been stated for
supposing the whole story, as far as Bede was concerned
in it, to be a misrepresentation.
The remainderof Bede's life appears to have passed away
in the tranquillity of study aud in pious exercises. He
never separated himself from the monastery in which he
had been educated, but composed within its walls the nu-
merous books which have thrown so much lustre on his
name. The larger portion of these works was probably
written during the fifteen years preceding 731. His smaller
treatise De Teinporilnis is supposed to have been composed
about 701 or 702, and the book De Natura Rerum perhaps
about the same time. Bede had finished the three books
1 of his Commentary on Samuel just before the death of
Ceolfrid. i. e. in 716. The treatise De Temporum Ratione
was composed in 726 ; the lives of the first Abbots of Wear-
mouth and Yarrow were published about 716, or soon after;
and in 731 was completed his most iiuportaut work, the
Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo-Saxons.
A narrative of Bede's last hours was written by his dis-
ciple Cuthbcrt, and is still preserved. From this account
it appears that the last works on which he employed his
pen were a translation of the Gospel of St. John into An-
glo-Saxon, and a collection of extracts from one of the
works of Isidore. At the commencement of the month of
April, 735, he was seized with a shortness of breathing,
under which he languished till the 26th of May, suffering
little pain, but pining away under the effects of his disease
and the aliscnce of sleep. During this time be occupied
himself day and night either in admonishing his disciples,
or in prayer, or in repeating passages from the Scriptures
and the fathers of the church, interspersing his observations
from time to time with pieces of religious poetry in his
native ton'^ue. On the 20th of May, the symptoms became
more alarming, and it was evident that death was near at
hand. During that day, he continued to dictate (probably
BED
BED
the translntion of UiG Gospel of St. Jolin) to one of the
younger meiiilters of the community, who acted as his
scrihe ; ami he resumed the same work early the next
morning, which was the Feast of the Ascension, or Holy
Thursday, and he told his disciples to write diligently.
This they did till nine o'clock, when they retired to per-
form some of the religious duties peculiar to that day. One
of them theu said to him, "Dearest master, one chapter
still remains, and thou canst ill bear questioning." But
Bede desired him to proceed, telling him to "take his pen
and write hastily." At the hour of nones, (twelve o'clock,)
Bede directed Cuthbert to fetch from his closet his spices
and other precious articles, which he shared among the
presbyters of the house, and begged that they would say
masses and prayers for him after his death. He passed
the remainder of the day in prayer and conversation, amid
the tears of his companions, till evening, when his scribe
again interrupted him, telling him that only one sentence
of his work remained unfinished. Bede toM him to write,
and he dictatol a few words, when the ynith exclaimed,
"It is now done!" *' Thou hast said riglit," answered
Bede, "it is done !" "Support my head with thy bands, for
I desire to sit in my holy place where I am accustomed to
pray, that sitting there I may call upon ray Father." And
thus on the floor of his closet, chaunting the Gloria Patri,
he had just strength to proceed to the end of the phrase,
and died with the last words {Spiritui Sancto) on his lips.
The date of Bede's death is accurately fixed in the year
735, by the circumstance that in that year the Feast of the
Ascension fell upon the 27th of May. He was buried at
Yarrow, and, according to William of Malmsbury, the fol-
lowing epitaph was placed on his tomb ;
"Presbyter hio IJede requiescat carne sepultus.
Dona, Chviste, animam in coelis gaudere per eeviun;
Daque illi sophi;e di^briari fonte, cui jam
Suspiravit ovans intento semper amore."
Bede has given us, at the conclusion of his Ecclesiastical
History, the following list of the works which he had com-
posed previously to that time, (a.d. 731.} 1. A commen-
tary on Genesis, as far as the twenty-first chapter inclusive.
Part of this work will be found in the editions of Bede's
collected works; the rest was edited by Henry Wharton,
in his collection of Tracts by Bede. 2. A treatise on the i
tabernacle and its vessels, and on the vestments of the '
priests, in three books. 3. A commentary on the first '
thirty-one chapters of the first book of Samuel, (usque ad j
mortem Saulis,) in three books. 4. The treatise de a^difi- |
catione Templi. (an allegorical interpretation of the temple I
of Solomon,') in two books. 5. Detached observations on i
the books of Samuel and Kings. (In Rcgium librum xxx. '
questiones.) 6. A commentary on the Song of Solomon, |
in seven books. 7- A commentary on the Proverbs of i
Solomon, in three books. 8. Glosses on Isaiah, Daniel,
the Twelve Prophets, and part of Jeremiah, extracted from ,
St. Jerome. 9. On Ezra and Nehemiah, in three books.
10. On the Song of Ilabacuc, in one book. 11. On the
book of Tubit. (In Librura be.ati patris Tobite, explana- !
tiones allegoricre de Christo et eeclesia,) in one book. !
12. Heads of readings, (capitiila lectionum.) on the Penta- !
teuch and on the books of Joshua and Judges. 13. A
commentary in libros Regum et Verba dierum. 14. A |
commentary on the book of Job. 15. On the Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes. and the Song of Solomon. 16. On Isaiah,
Ezra, and Nehemiah. 17. A commentary on the Gospel
of St. Mark, in four books. 18. A commentary on St.
Luke, in six books. 19. Homilies on the Gospel, in two
books. 20. A compilation from St. Augustine — In Apos-
tolum qujpcunque in opusculis sancti Augustini exposita
inveni, cuneta per ordinem transcribere curavi. 21. A
commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, in two books. '
22. Commentaries on the seven Catholic Epistles. 23. A i
commentary on the Apocalypse, in two books. 24. Heads
of readings on the whide of the New Testament, with the
exception of the Gospels. 25. A book of Epistles addressed
to various persons. These Epistles were in fact tracts ad- '
dressed to his friends on the following subjects: On the six
Ages of the World, (do sex cetatibus saeculi;) on the Man-
sions of the Cliildreu of Israel; on the words of Isaiah, i
Et claudentur ibi in carcerem, et post dies multos visita- I
buntur. (Isa. xxiv. 22 ;) on the Bissextile ; on the Equinox, I
according to Anatolius. The second and third of these j
tracts are lost. 26. The life of St. Felix, compiled in prose '
from the metrical life by Paulinus. 27. A corrected edition
of the Life of St. Anastasius, which had been inaccurately ,
translated from the Greek. (Librum vitjc et passionis
eancti Anastasii, male de Graeco translatum, et pejus a
quodam imperito emendatum, prout potui, ad sensum cor-
rcxi.) 28. The life of St. Cuthbert, written fir^t in verse,
and afterwards in prose. 29. The history of the Abbots
of Wearniouth and Yarrow. 30. The Ecclesiastical His-
tory. 31. A Martyrology. 32. Hymns, in vari<ms metrca
or rhythms. 33. A book of Epigrams, in Latin verse.
34, 35. The books De Natura Kerum and De Temporibus.
36. A larger book de Temporibus. 37. A book de Oitho-
graphia, arranged in alphabetical order. 38. A treiiti&e
on Metres, (de Mctrica Arte,) to which was added another,
de Schematibus sive Tropis.
To the foregoing list may bo added a few books, whitdi
are of undoubted authenticity, and which, with one exccj*-
tion. were written subsequently to the completion of the
Ecclesiastical History. 39. The Libellus de Situ Urbia
Hiernsalem, sive de Locis Sanctis, already mentioned as
a'n abridgment from the older work of Adamnan. Wo
know that this tract was published before the appearance
of the Ecclesiastical History, in which it is mentioned, and
it is singular that it should be omitted in Bede's list.
40. In his old age, soon after the completion of the Eccle-
siastical History, Bede wrote (in imitation of St. Augustine)
a book of lietractnliones, in which with characteristic con-
dour he points out and corrects errors admitted into the
writings of his earlier years. 41. The Epistle to Albinus,
edited by Mabillon, and written soon after the year 731.
42. The" Epistle to Archbishop Egbert, written at the end
of the year 734 or in the beginning of 735. 43, 44. Tho
Comi)iIation from Isidore, and the Anglo-Saxon version of
St. John, which occupied Be<le's last moments.
It will be seen by the foregoing list, that the subjects
of the writings of Bede are very diversified. They arc the
works of a man whose life was spent in close and constant
study, — industrious compilations rather than original com-
positions, but exhibiting profound and extensive learning
beyond that of any of his contemporaries. He was not
unacquainted with the classic authors of ancient Rome;
and his commentaries on the Scriptures show that he un-
derstood the Greek and Hebrew languages. His works
may be divided into four classes, his theological writings,
his scientific treatises, his poetry and tracts on grammati-
cal and miscellaneous subjects, and his historical books.
1. A very large portion of Bede's writings consists of com-
mentaries on the different books of tlie holy Scriptures,
exhibiting great store of information and acuteuess of per-
ception, but too much characterized by tho great blemish
of the mediaeval theology, an extravagant attachment to
allegorical interpretation. 2. The only scientific treatises
of which we can with certainty regard Bede as the author,
are those indicated in his own list of his writings. They
are still preserved, and, though no better than compila-
tions from other writers, and more especially from Pliny
the elder, they exhibit to us nil the scientific knowledge
possessed by our forefathers until a much later period.
The tract De Natura Rerum. which was one of Bede's
earliest works, and the Anglo-Saxon abridged translation
made in tho tenth century, were the text-books of science
in England until the twelfth century. 3. His grammati-
cal and philological writings show liis judgment and learn-
ing in a very favouralile point of view. His observations
on the structure and characteristics of Latin verse are dis-
tinguished by good taste, and are illustrated by examples
selected by himself from the best of the classic, as wcl)
as from the Christian, Latin poets. He sometimes criti-
cizes Donatus and the older grammarians. Bede's own
metrical compositions are a proof rather of his industry
than f)f his genius; they are constructed according to the
rules of art, and possess a certain degree of correctness,
but are spiritless. 4. As a historian, the name of Bede
will ever stand high in the list of our national writers.
One of the earliest books of this class which he wrote, was
the history of the abbots of his own monastery, ])ublished
not long after A. D. 716. He composed the life of St.
Cuthbert at the request of Bishop Eadfrith and the monks
of Lindisfarno, and therefore some time before the year
721. But his most important work composed in his more
mature age, was his Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo-
Saxons. Upon this work, which was undertaken at the
request of two ecclesiastics, Allnnus and Nothhelm, ho ap-
pears to have laboured with great diligence during several
years. He derived little assistance from previous writers,
for the books he quotes are few and unimportant; but his
own reputation at this period of his life, and his acr^uaint-
ance with the most eminent ecclesiastics of his age, placed
within his reach a large mass of valuable original mate-
rials. For a comprehensive list of the editions of Bede,
we refer to the learned work to which we are indebted for
this memoir — Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
165
BED
BED
Trnnsfatinne.
Kinfc Alfred's Anf^Io-Saxon version of the Ecclesias-
tical Kistory. printed in the editions of the original by
Wheloc (1643) and Smith (1722.) ■ The History of the
Church of England, compiled by Venerable Bede, English-
man, translated out of Latin into English by Thomas Sta-
pleton. Student in Divinitie, 4to, Antwerp, 1565. Historie
of the Church of England, Svo, St. Omers, 1622. This is
a reprint of Stapleton's Translation; Ecclesiastical His-
tory of the English Nation from the coming of Julius
Ciesar into this Island in the 60th year before the incar-
nation of Christ till the year of our Lord 731 ; written into
Latin by Venerable Bede, and now translated into English
from I)r. Smith's edition. To which is added, the Life of
the Author, also Explanatory Notes, 8vo, London, 1723.
The translator was John Stevens. The History of the
Primitive Church of England, from its origin to the year
731 ; written in Latin by Venerable Bede, Priest of that
Church, a few years before his death; in Five Books, now
translated by the Rev. William Hurst, of St Mary's Cha-
pel, Westminster, Svo, London, 1S14. The Lives of Bene-
dict, Ceolfrid, Eastorwine, Sigfrid, and Huetbert, the first
five abbots of the united monastery of Wearraouth and
Jarrow ; translated from the Latin of Venerable Bede,
to which is prefixed a Life of the Author, by the Rev.
Peter Wilcock, Svo, Sunderland. 1S18. The Ecclesiastical
History of the English Nation; translated from the Latin
of Venerable Bede, to which is prefixed a Life of the Au-
thor, by J. A. Giles, LL.D., Svo, London, 1S40. Popular
Treatises on Science; written during the Middle Ages,
edited by Thomas Wright, Svo, London, 1841 : (published
by the Historical Society of Science,) pp. 1-19. The An-
glo-Saxon abridged version of Bede's Treatise De Natura
Rerum. — Abbreviated from Wriffht's Binj. Brit. Lit.
Since the publication of the Biog. Brit. Lit,, (in 1S42,)
the public has been favoured with an edit, of The Com-
plete Works of Bede, in the original Latin, collected and
accompanied by a new English tran.^latlon of the Histo-
rical Works, and a Life of the Author, by the learned Rev.
J. A. Giles, LL.D., comprised in 12 vols. Svo, 1S43-4, pub.
at £6 6s.
Bcddoes, Thomas, M.D., 1760-1808, an eminent
physician and chemist, was born at Shiffniill, in Shrop-
shire. In 1776 he was entered of Pembroke College, Ox-
ford, where he was remarkable for his assiduity in his
studies, and proficiency in the Latin tongue. He also
made himself acquaintL-d with French. Italian, and Ger-
man. Dr. B. marrii;d Maria Edgeworth's younger sister.
He pub. in 1784, Dissertation on Natural History, from
the Italian of Spallanzani, 2d ed., 1790. He added notes
to Dr. E. CuUen's trans, of Bergman's Physical and Che-
mical Essays; and in 1785 trans, the same author's Essay
on Elective Attractions, On the death of Dr. Austin he
succeeded to the chemical lectureship at Oxford. Not
satisfied with his extraordinary attainments in chetnistry,
physiology, mineralogy, bot-auy, &c., he turned his atten-
tion to the interests of politics, education, and political
economy, and in 1792 surprised his friends with a poem
founded upon Alexander's Expedition to the Indian Ocean.
This he passed otf as a production of Dr. Darwin's to some
enthusiastic admirers of that gentleman's poetry; one of
whom had declared that the poem on the Economy of Ve-
getation was beyond imitation. As another evidence of
the comprehensive grasp of his mind, we may mention
History of Isaac Jenkins, a Moral Fiction, 1793; Obser-
vations on the Nature of Demonstrative Evidence, with
Reflections on Language, 1792 ; A Word in Defence of the
Bill of Rights against Gagging Bills, 1795 ; An Essay on
the Public Merits of Mr. Pitt, 1796, Some of Dr. Bcddoes's
professional Essays are, besides those mentioned. Obser-
vations on the Nature and Cure of Calculus, Catarrh, and
Fever, 1792 ; Contributions to Medical and Physical Know-
ledge, from the West of England, 1799; Popular Essay on
Consumption, 1799; Hygeia, 1801-2; On Fever as con-
nected with Inflammation, 1S07; Good Advice to Hus-
bandmen in Harvest, Ac, 1808. In addition to all his
other literary labours he was a contributor to several of
the medical and literary iournals. See Phil. Trans., 1791-
92; Med. Tracts, 179.3* '94, '97: Nic. Jour. 1800, '2, '6, '9.
See a list of his publications in Watt's Bib. Brit. He was
an early patron of Sir Humphry Davy.
'■ lie was a very remarkable man, admirably fitted to promote
inquiry, betti^r than to conduct it. . . . Hi.' had talents which
would have exalted him to the pinnacle of philosophical eminence,
if they had been applied with discretion." — Sir Humpiirv Davt.
Whilst preparing for the university he resided for two
years with the Rev. Samuel Dickerson, who remarks that
"His mind was so intent upon literary pursuits, chiefly the
130
att-iinment of classical learninfj, that I do not recollect his having
devoted a sinjile day. or even hour, to diversions or frivolous
amusements of any kind."
A life of Dr. Beddnes was pub. by Dr. Stock in 1811.
Beddoes, Thomas LoveU," 1S03-1S49, son of the
above, and nephew tu Maria Edgeworth, was entered in
his 17th year of Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1822 he
pub. The Bride's Tragedy.
" With all its extravajiancies, and even sillinesses and follies, it
shews far more than glimpses of a true poetical genius, much
tender and deep feeling, a wantoning sense of beauty, &c.'' —
BtoclvKtfxVs May., xiv. 723.
The Edinburgh Review prefaces an extraet by remark-
ing:
'■ The followin.c will show the way in which 5Ir. Beddoes mana.tres
a subject that pnets have almost reduced to commonplace. We
thought all similes for the viok't had been used up; but he gives
us a new one. that is very delightful."
■' The ambition that had suggested The Bride's Tragedy died in
the effort of producing it. As with his school fellows, now with
the poets, his power once acknowledged, he abandoned further
competition."
After his death a vol. of his Poems was pub., with a memoir
of the author. Works, including Death's Jest-Book, 2 vols.
" All that we have quoted, fnigmeutary as it is, proclaims a
writer of the highest order; — magnificent diction, terse and close
in expression, various and beautiful in modulation, displaying
imaginative thought of the highest reach, and sweeping the cords
of passion with a strong and fearless hand." — London Examiner.
Beddome^ Benjamiu. Exposition on the Baptist
Catechi.sm, 1752. 20 Short Discourses, pub. from his
MSS., 1805.
" Evangelical and practical." — Bickersteth.
They are commended by Robert Hall, of Leicester.
" As a preacher. Mr. Beddome was universally admired for the
piety and unction of his sentiments, the facility of his arrange-
ment, and the purity, force, and simplicity of his language : all
whii'h was recommended by a delivery perfectly natural and
graceful. His printed Discourses, taken from the MSS. which he
left behind him at his decease, are fair specimens of his usual pei^
formance in the pulpit. They are eminent for the qualities already
mentioned; and their merits, which the modesty of the author
conceali'd from himself, have been justly appreciat^^d by the reli-
gions public." — RoiiERT Hall.
Bedcl, Heury. The Mouth of the Poore, Lon., 1571,
ICmo.
Bcdcll, Gregory Townseud, D.D.. 1793-1834. for
twelve years Rector of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in
Philadelphia, enjoyed a wide reputation as a devoted
pastor, an excellent preacher, and a zealous promoter
of religious literature. Besides editing many books, he
was author of a number of excellent works. 1. Ezekiel's
Vision. 2. Is it well? 3. It is well. 4. Onward, or
Christian Progression. 5. Pay Thy Vows. 6. Renunci-
ation. 7. Way Marks. 8. Serms., with Biographical Sketch
of the author by Step. H. Tyng, D.D., 2 vols. Svo. He wrote
several wurks for the Amer. S. S. Union. This exemplary
man was remarkable for abundant labours persevered in
under great bodily indisposition. His biographer remarks,
" For several of the last years of his life he was kept in being
and in active elTort, beyond any of the expectations of his friends.
The kind providence of God had favoured him with the kind at-
tentions of a physician, Dr. John K. Mitchell of Philadelphia, [see
the name in this volume.! whose remarkable skill in his profession,
united with the tenderest concern for his patient's comfort, a clear
understanding of his constitution and habits, and the most un-
tiring assiduity in watching over his health, was Messed from
above to the preservation of his life, and mitigating his sufferings,
for several years after it was supposed by others that he was very
near the end of his course."
As a pulpit orator, Dr. Bedell was greatly admired.
*' Hemarkable as were these many traits of excellence, it was in
the pulpit that the pastor shone w"ith the highest lustre. Clear,
simple, chaste, logical, impassioned, he combined the most opposite
qualities; and, although reduced almost to a skeleton by con-
sumption, his magnificent voice, with its clear enunciation and
diversified intonation, could be heard at an almost incredible dis-
tance. . . . Hopes of heaven, fears of hell, the beauty of holiness,
the deformity of sin. the goodness, the mercy, and the justice of
God, were in turn his theme ; and never did his people hear .altler
expositions, or more affectionately eloquent appeals." — J. K.
Mitchell. M.D. : Hdigious Souvenir, 1835.
Bedell, WiUiam, D.D., 1570-1641, Bishop of Kil-
more and Ardagh in Ireland, was one of the most exem-
plary characters in ecclesiastical history. He was bora
at Black Notley in Essex, studied in Emanuel College,
Cambridge, was made provost of Trinity College, Dublin,
in 1627, and consecrated bishop in 1629. He was chaplain
to Sir Henry AVotton, ambassador to the republic of Venice.
Adapting himself to the flock which he served, he intro-
duced the reading of the Common Prayer in his cathedral
in the Irish tongue ; he caused Archbishop Daniel's Irish
trans, of the New Testament to be circulated; and had a
trans, made into that language of the books of the Old
Testament ; and also of some homilies of Chrysostom and
Leo, iu which the Scriptures are held up to reverence.
BED
The trans, of the Old Testament was pub. after his death,
(1685, 4to,) at the expense of the Hon. Robert Boyle.
Bishop Burnet wrote an account of his life, pub. in 16S5.
His Life, with Letters by Bi.sbop Burnet, is
" A very useful work, containing in the appended Letters, a good
reply to Popery." — Bickersteth.
Bedford, Arthur, 166S-1745, studied at Brasenose
College, Oxford, .and took holy orders ia 1688. In 1724
lie removed to Ho.xton, having been chosen chapliiin to the
Haberdashers' Company at that place, and remained there
until his death.
Serious Reflections on the scandalous Abuse and Effects
of the Stage, Bristol, 1705, 8vo. A Second Advertise-
ment concerning the Play House, Bristol, 1705, 8vo. The
Evil and Danger of Stage Plays; showing their natural'
tendency to destroy Religion, and introduce a general
corruption of Manners, in almost two thousand instances,
taiicn from the plays of the last two years, against all the
methods lately used for their reformation, Lon., 1706, Svo.
This work was much enlarged, .and pub. in 1719 under the
title of A Serious Remonstrance in behalf of the Christian
Religion against the horrid Blasphemies and Impieties
which are still used in the English Play Houses.
The Temple of Music, Lon., 1706, Svo. The Great
Abuse of Music, Lon., 1711, 8vo.
The Scripture Chronology demonstrated by Astronomi-
cal Calculation, Ac, Lon., 1730, folio.
" A very learned and elaborate work." — Dr. Waterland.
*' This is a very elaborate work, and displays much learninf; and
research. The hypothesis which it espouses, however, which is
the correctness of the Hebrew numbers, has been set aside, and
the work altogether superseded, by the valuable publication of
Dr. Il.ales."— Orrae's BM. Bib.
Mr. Bedford preached eight sermons on the Doctrine of
the Trinity, Svo, 1741, .at Lady Moyer's Lecture, and a
number of single sermons, &c.
Bedford, Arthur, Vicar of Sharnbrooke, Bedford,
Thanksgiving after Rebellion. A Sermon, 1 Sam. xii.24
1746, 4to. '
Bedford, Gunning S., M.D., Prof, of Midwifery, &c
in the Univ. of N. York, b. 1811, at Baltimore, Md. 1. Clinical
Lects. on the Diseases of Women and Children. N. Y., 1855,
Svo; 6th ed., 1857, Svo. AVe have before us twenty-three com-
mendatory notices of this work. 2. Treat, on the Principle,
and Practice of Midwifery, 1 859, 8vo. Trans.from the French
and edited Chailly's Midwifery; May grier's Anatomy; Eau-
declocqne on Puerperal Fever; Boisseau on Cholera, &o
Bedford, Hilkiah, 1663-1724, was admitted of St.
John's College in 1679, and became a Fellow thereof, and
a clergyman of the Church of England. Refusing to take
the oaths at the Revolution, he was ejected. He was fined
1000 marks, and imprisoned 3 years for writing, printing,
and publishing. The Hereditary Right of the Crown of
England asserted, Ac, fob, 1713. Of this work, Mr. George
Harbin, another non-juring clergyman, afterwards avowed
himself to be the author. SeeNiehols's Liter.ary Anec-
dotes, vol. i. p. 168. Bedford tr.ans. An Answer to Fonte-
nelle's History of Oracles, The Life of Dr. Barwick, and
pub. A Vindication of the Church of England in 1710, 8to,
and some other works.
Bedford, Thomas. Cure of Diseases, Lon., 1615,8to.
Bedford, Thomas. Theolog. works, Lon., 1638-50.
Bedford, Thomas, d. 1773, second son of Hilkiah,
officiated in his clerical capacity among the non-jurors.
He studied at St. John's College, Cambridge. He edited
Simeon of Durham's De Exordio atque procursu Durhel-
mensis Ecelesiaj ; which was printed by subscription in
1732, Svo. In 1742 he pub. an Historical Catechism; the
2d ed. The 1st od. was taken from Abbe Fleury.
Bedford, Thomas. Sermons, Ac, 1767-78.
Bedford, William. Sermons, 1698, Ac.
Bedford, Rev. VV. K. Riland. The Blazon of Epis-
copacy ; being a Complete List of all the Archbishops and
Bishops of England from the First Foundation of their
Sees to the Present Time. Lon., 1S5S, Svo.
Bedingfield, James. A Compendium of Medical
Practice, illustrated by interesting and instructive Cases,
and by practical Pathological and Physiological Observa-
tions, Lon., 1816, Svo.
Bedingfield, Thomas, Trans. Cardan's Comforto,
Lon., 1576, 4to. The History of Florence, 1595, fol.
Bedle, Joseph. Sermon, Lon., 1679, 4to.
Bcdle, Thomas. P. P. of the Church Militant, 1610.
Bedloe, Capt. Wm. Narrative of the Horrid Popish
Plot, Lon., 1679, fol. The Excommunicated Prince, Lon.,
1679, fol. Jacobs ascribes this to Bedloe, but Wood to
Thomas Walter.
Bedwell, Thos. Planes and Solids, Lon., 1631, 4to.
BEE
Bedwell, Wm., 1562-1632, among other works pub.
a trans, out of Arabic of a treatise called A Discovery of
the Manifold Forgeries, Falsehoods, and Horrible Impieties
of the Blasphemous Seducer Mahammod, Lon., 1615, fol.
Bee, Jon. Dictionary of the Turf, Ac, Lon., 1S23.
Bee, Thos. Reports Dist. Court S. Carolina, 1810.
Beearde, Richard. A Godly Psalm of Mary, Queen,
Lon., 1558, Svo. Alphabetum Beeardi.
Beebe, P. O. Leg.al Treatises, N. York, 1834-37.
Beecher, Catherine Esther, b. 1800, at East Hamp-
ton, L.I., eldest daughter of Dr. Lyman Beecher. From 1822
to '32, she was the Principal of a Female Seminary at Hart-
ford, Conn., during which time she pub. a Manual of Arith-
metic, and a series of elementary books of instruction in
Theology, Mental and Moral Philosophy. In 1832, shore-
moved to Cincinnati with her father, and for two years was
the head of an institution for female instruction. 1. Do-
mestic Service. 2. Duty of American Women to their
Country. 3. Housekeeper's Receipt-Book, N. Y'ork, 1845,
12mo: many editions. 4. The True Remedy for the Wrongs
of Woman, Best,, 1851, 12mo. 5. Treatise on Domestic
Economy, N.York, 12mo. 6. Truth Stranger than Fiction,
Best, 1850, 12mo. 7. Letters to the People on Health and
Happiness, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 8. Physiology and Callis-
thenics, N.York, 1856, 12mo. 9. Common Sense Applied
to Religion, N. York, 1857, I2mo. This work is said to
present " some striking departures from the Calvinistio
theology." See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc.
"The printed writiogsof Miss Beecher have been connected with
her governing idea of promoting the best interests of her own •sex
and can scarcely be considered as the true index of what her "enius
If devoted to literary pursuits, might have BVodacei."—]Urs7uale's
Woman s Record.
"Miss Beecher, with her profound and acute metaphysical and
religious writings."— ffrisioofii's Prosi-Writers of America.
Beecher, Rev. Charles, son of Dr. Lyman Beecher.
1. The Incarmition, or Pictures of the Virgin and her Son ;
with an Introduction by Mrs. Stowe, 12mo, N. Y'ork, 1S49!
2. Review of the Spiritual Manifestations, N. Y'ork, 1853^
12mo. 3. Pen-Pictures of the Bible, N.York, 1855, ISmo.
Beecher, Edward, D.D., b. 1804, eldest son of Dr.
Lyman Beecher; grad.Y'alo Coll., 1822; Tutor in same In-
stitution, 1825 ; Pastor of Park St. Church, Bost., 1826-31;
Pres.HIinois Coll., Jacksonville, 1831-44; Pastor of Salem
St. Church, Bost., 1846-56. 1. Baptism : its Import and
Modes, N. Y'ork, 12mo. 2. Conflict of Ages, Bost,, 1854,
12ino. 3. Papal Conspiracy Exposed, N. York, 1855, 12mo.
Beecher, Harriet. See Stowe.
Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward,b. 1S13, at Litchfield,
Conn., son of Dr. Lyman Beecher ; grad. Amherst Coll.,
1834, and studied theology under his father at the Lane
Seminary. He first settled as a Presbyterian minister at
Lawrenoeburg, Ind., 1837, and removed to Indianapolis in
1S39, where he remained until 1S47, when he accepted an
invitation to become pastor of the Plymouth Church ia
Brooklyn, N.Y., an organization of Orthodox Congrega-
tional believers, which position he continues to occupy.
As a preacher, he is said to have the largest uniform con-
gregation m the United States," and is very popular as a
public lecturer. 1. Lectures to Young Men, Bost . 1850
12mo; many edits.; also repub. in Dublin. 2. Industry and
Idleness, Phila., 1850, ISmo. 3. The Star Papers, N.York,
1850, 12mo. This work is composed of articles contri-
buted to the N. Y. Independent, and met with a large sale.
T.. m, '""" P'^P^s; 2d Series, N. Y'ork, 1858, 12mo. 5.
Life-Thoughts, Bost., 1858, 12mo: 25,000 copies sold
within a few months after publication. This work con-
sists of selections from his extemporaneous sermons made
^/■"^ °i '^ congregation and afterwards revised by him-
self. 6. Serms., N. York, 185S, 12mo. Ed. Plymouth Col-
lechon of Hymns, N. York, Svo, 12mo, ISmo, Ac
Beecher, LjTnan, D.D., b. Oct, 12, 1 775, at N. Haven,
Conn grad. at Yale CoU. 1797, and studied divinity under
President Dwight. In 1798, became pastor of a church at
Last Hampton, L.L, and from 1810 to '26 was pastor of
the First Church of Litchfield, Conn. He became pastor
of the newly-established Hanover St. Church, Boston, and
took an active part in the opposition to Dr. Channing
and others in the controversy which occurred among
members of a number of the churches of New England in
1826. In 1S32, he became President of the Lane Theo-
logical Seminary at Cincinnati, and, at the same time, had
charge of the Second Presbvterian Church of that city
Since 1842 he has resided at Boston. He has written very
effectively in the cause of temperance. 1. Plea for the
West, N. York, ISmo. 2. Serms. on Various Occasions, N.
York, Svo, 1842. 3. Views in Theology, 12mo. 4. Skepti-
cism, 12mo. 5. Political Atheism, 4o. His coUected works
BEE
BEL
have been pub. under his own supervision, Best., 3 vols.
12ino. Three sons and two daughters of Dr. Beecher oc-
cupy a place in our Dictionary.
Beechey, Sir Frederic William, 1796-1858, dis-
tinguished himself by his enterprise in voyages of explore^
tion to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, and to the north-
ern coast of Africa. Ho was author of Narrative of a
Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait in the years
1825-28, Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 4to, pub. at £4 is. Proceed-
ings of the Expedition to explore the Northern Coasts of
Africa iu 1821, '22, Ac, Lon., 1827, 4to, pub. at £3 Ss., n.
W. Beechey co-author. A Voyage of Discovery towards
the North Isle, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
The Botany of Capt. B.'s Voyage to the Pacific and
Behring's Strait was pub, in 10 numbers, 4to, 1834-41, at
£7 10«. ; the Zoology iu 1839, 4to, at £5 58. ; both by that
enterprising publisher Henry G. Bohn, London.
" Captain Beechey's Narrative, we venture to predict, will be
generally considered as the most iuterestiut; of the whole sei-ius of
recent voyages. Part of this distinction it undoubtedly owes to
the much greater variety and extent of his iicld of observation, but
part olit likewise belongs to the superiority of his powers of com-
position. Ilis whole work, though consisting of topics of bound-
less diversit^v'. hanes so capitally together, th.-it we cannot hope,
either by outline or extract, to give a just conception of its inte-
rest,"— Lcrn. Quarte.iiy Review.
Beeckman, Captain Daniel. Voyage to and from
the Islaud of Borneo in the East Indies, Lon.. 1718, 8vo.
'' An inten'Sliug work, even at this period of time."
Keprinted in the 11th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection of
Voyages and Travels.
Beedonie. Poems Divine and Humane, Lon., 1641,
8vo. Reprinted in Wit a Sporting, 1657.
Beek, J. Triumph Royal, Lon. 1692, 8vo.
Beeke, Henry, 1751-1837, a clergyman and political
economist, consulted in financial affairs by Mr. Pitt and
Mr.Vansittart. (afterwards Lord Bexley,) pub.Observations
on the Income Tax, 1799, 8vo, and a Letter on Peace with
France, 1798, 8vo.
Beerc, Richard. Theological works, Lon., 1789-91.
Beeriuau. Sermon. Lon., 1663, 4to.
Beesley, Henry. The Soul's Conflict; in 8 Serms.,
Lon., 1656, 8vo.
Beestou, Edmund. Practical Sermons, 1739, Svo.
Beeston, Sir Wm. Con, to Phil, Trans. 1696.
Bes!,', James A. Theolog, Works, 1831-50.
Besse, John. Contcs dcs Fous, Ac, 1812, 8vo.
Begiey, Corn. English-Irish Dictionary, 1732, 4to.
Behu, Aphra, Aphara, or Afra, d. 1689, was the
daughter of Mr. Johnson. Governor of Surinam. She re-
Bided for some time at Antwerp, where she was employed
as a secret agent of the English government. She pub.
Poems, 1st vol. 1684 ; 2d 1685 ; 3d 1688 : these were songs
and miscellanies by Rochester, Etherege, herself, and
others. She Jilso wrote 17 plays, and several histories
and novels. See edits, in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. She
was the authoress of the celelirated letters between A
jjobleman and His Sister, and 8 love-letters other own to
Lyeidas. Oronokoo, the American Prince, a Novel, (from
which Southern borrowed his Tragedy,) was the fruit of
her personal acquaintance with that noted personage.
The paraphriise of (Enone's Epistle to Paris, in the Eng-
lish translation of Ovid's Epistles, is Mrs. Behn's :
"I w.as desired to say that the author, who Ls of the fiiir sex,
understood not Latin ; but if she do not, I am afraid she has given
us who do, occasion to be ashamed," — Drijdcn's Preface to trans,
of Ovid.
But Dryden did not always weigh his words. The li-
centiousness of Mrs. Behn's pen is a disgrace to her sex,
and the language. Pope, by no means fastidious, yet re-
bukes Mrs. B. in a well-known couplet:
" The stage how loosely does Astrwa tread," &c.
" Most of her comedies have had the good fortune to please : and
the' it must be confest that she has borrowed very much, not only
from her own Country Men. but likewise from the French Poets :
yet it may be said in her behalf, that she has often been forc'd to
it thi-ough haste ; and has borrowed from others Stores r.at.her of
Choice than for want of Wit of her own."— Langbaine's Dra-
matic F&cts.
•' But when you write of Love, Astrea, tiien
Love dips his Arrows where you wet your pen.
Such charuiiug Lines did never P.aper grace;
Soft as your Sex, and smooth as Beauty's Face."
CuARLES Cotton.
"It is no wonder that her wit should gain her the esteem of Mr.
Dryden, Mr. Southern, and other men of genius." — Biog. Dram.
Bcighton, Henry. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1731, '38, '41.
Beilby. British Quadrupeds,1790, Svo. Birds,! 797,Svo.
Beilby, John. Gauging of Casks, Lon., 1694, 12mo.
Beilby, Saml., D.D. Sermons, 1781, '90, '95, 1804.
Beke, Charles Tilstone. Origines Biblicae, or
158
Researches in Primeval History, with a Map, Lon., 1834,
8vo, vol. i.
" The fir-st attempt to reconstruct history on the principles of the
young science of geology. The author endeavoiu-s from the direct
evidence of the Scriptures themselves- to determine the positions
of the countries and places mentioned in the Old Testament, and
the order in which they were peopled ; and to expkiin the Origin
and Filiation of the various races of mankind, and of the lan-
guages spoken by them. It is intended to be completed in an-
other volume." — Lowndes.
Bekinsau, John, 1496-1559, a native of Wiltshire,
studied at New College, Oxford, where be was noted for
his proficiency in the Greek tongue. He wrote De Su-
premo et Absolute Regis Imperio. printed at London in
1546, in 8vo, and subse(|uently in the first volume of Mo-
narchia Romani Imperii. Ac. by MelchiorGoldas tat Franc-
fort, 1621, fol. Dibilin mentions a doubtful edition of 1537
'• Leaving behind him this character among the R. Catholics,
tliat as be was a learned man. so might he have been promoted
according to his deserts, had his principles been constant." —
Athrn. O.Ton.
Bel, Thomas. The Fall of Papistry, Lon., 1628, 4to.
Bel, William. The Testament of W. B. Doway,
1632, 12mo.
Belbin, Peter. Sermons, 1733, '38, '41.
Belcamp, J. V. Consil. Ac. Hiljernia, Lon., 1651, fol.
Belcher. The L.aws of Nova Scotia, 1767.
Belcher, or Belchier, Dabridgcourt, was ad-
mitted at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1598, re-
moved to Christ Church, Oxford, where he took B. A. in
1600. He trans, into English Hans Beorport, his Risible
Comedy of ,See me and See me not. printed Lon., 1618, 4to.
Phillips and Winstanley erroneously credit Nash with this
piece. Wood ascribes some other pieces to him. WQliam
Belcher, his father, was a friend of Guillim the herald,
who ta,kes occasion to commend him as
'' A man verv complete in .all L'entlemanhke qualities, a lover of
arts, .and a diligent searcher after matters pertaining to honour
and contiguity."— Z>!sp'<ii/ rf Hirakhy.
The gentleman so lauded prefixed some Latin lines to
the Display, in which he enumerates some early English
authors on heraldry:
" Armorum primus Wynl-yn Me wordeus artem
Protulit. et ternis liuguis lustiavit eandem :
Aecedit Leghus: concordat perbene Bosweil,
Armor ioque suo vivi diguatur honoris,
Clarorum clypeis et cristis ornat : eamque
Pulchre nobilitat .,',ii.Ti^ bbiznnia. Fend:
Amorum proprinni di" nit If/r/ciH.v et nsTun."
Belcher, Capt. Sir Kdward, K.C.B.. F.R.S., Ac, b.
1799. Voyage round the World, 1835-42, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo.
" Among* the countries visited by the Sulphur which in the pre-
sent state of science are invested with more particular interest may
be mentioned the Cahfornias, Columbia Kivor, the N.W. Coast of
North America, Ac."
Botany of the Voyage of H. M. Ship Sulphur, 4to. Voyage
to the Eastern Archipelago, 1843-46, 2 vols. Svo. The Last
of the Arctic Voyages, 2 vols. r. Svo, 1855. Generally un-
favourably reviewed.
Belcher, Mrs. J., U. States. Con. to Phih Trans.. 1755.
Belcher, Joseph, D.D., b. 1794, Birmingham, Eng., a
Baptist minister, settled in U. States. Poetical Sketches
of Biblical Subjects, Ac; Scripture Narratives ; Married
Life; Pastoral Recollections; The Clergy of America;
Live .loyfuUy; The Baijtist Pulpit of the United States;
Religious Denominations of the U. States, Svo, (many eds.
pub.;) George Whitefield, a Biography, Ac. He is said to
have written and pub. more religious volumes than any
other author of the present century. Dr. Belcher haa
edited The Complete Works of Andrew Puller, of Robert
Hall. Ac., and been engaged in other literary labours.
Second edition of Interesting Narratives from the sacred
volume, illustrated and improved. Revised and enlarged,
with Additional Narratives, by the author.
'^ Simplicity of language, and a spirit of genuine piety, ch.v
racterize these Interesting Narratives; which, added to Mr. Bel-
cher's happy method of improviug the various incidents that pass
under his review, render the book a most acceptable present for
young people.'' — Sci'ipliire Mag.
" In every narrative, the author holds us in rapt and delighted
attention, pleases us with the chastity of his style, the elegance
of his simplicity, and the pertinence and propriety of his remarks.
N.arratives like" these are calcuLated to make their way almost in-
sensibly to the youthful mind, and prepossess it in favour of those
pages ill which thev are found." — Baptist Mag.
Belcher, Saml., U. States. Sermon, 1707.
Belcher, Wm. 1. Essays. 2. The Galaxy, Lon.,
1787, '90.
Belches, R. General View of the Agriculture of the
County of Stirling. Ac, Edin., 1794. 4to.
"Of superior merit." — DmtaMsori^s j4gricidl. Biog.
Belchier, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans,,
1732, '36.
Belchier, John. Sennon, 1754, 4to.
BEL
BEL
Belfour, Re^. Hugo James, 1S02-1S27, wrote the
Vampire, and Montezuma, dramatic pieces pub. under the
assumed name of St. John Dorset.
" Poesessiiiii, with much facility of composifinn, poetical talents
of no common order ; his reputation as a scholar and a man of
genius rendered him well known, while in Enj^laud, in the lite-
rary circles." — Lon. Gent. M<ig., 1827.
Belfour, John. Tables, Lon., 1S04. Spanish Hero-
ism, LSOy. Music; a Poem from the Spanish, ISll. Ray's
English Proverbs, 1S13.
Belfour, John. History of Scotland. Lon.,1770,12mo.
"This epitome may prove very acceptable to those who are not
possessed of the larfxer histories of Scotland. The Author, to use
his own words, writes in a style 'rather elevated than lifeless;'
and his prineiples are friendly to freedom, both civil and reli-
gious."— L"n. Mnnthhi R'virio,
Belfour, Uev". Okey. Lyceum, 1809. Sermon, 1818.
Belfrage, Henry, D.D., 1774-1835. Practical Dis-
courses for tlie Young, 1817. Practical Exposition of the
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, 2 vols. 12mo.
" This work exhibits a system of thenloL'y in a popular form, and
is particiUarly adapted for family instruction." — Lowndes.
" A truly evani^-'lictil spirit pervades every page, and renders it
the property of the Universal Church." — Cnngri'fj. Magazine,
Sacramental Addresses and Meditations,itc.,2 vols. 12mo.
*' A most useful work, well worthy the notice of every young
minist^T."
A Guide to the Lord's Table, in the Catechetical Form, Ac.
" A most romprehensive and Scriptural view of the solemn ordi-
nance to which it relates."
A Monitor to Families, Edin., 1823, 12mo; several eds.
*'Dr. Belfrage's Discourses should have a place in every parish
and family library." — Lowndes.
A Memoir of Alexander Waugb, D.D., hy Ilay and H.
Belfrage, 1830, 8vo. Dr. B. pub. some other works. See
Life and Correspondence by McKerrow, Svo.
Belgrave, Richard, D.D., flourished in 1320 under
tlie reign of Edwnrd II., and was educated at Cambridge.
He wrot« among other works Theological Determinations,
in one book, the subject of which was, Utrum Essentia
Divina possit videri? Whether the Divine Essence could
be seen ? Ordinary Questions, in one book. Pits gives
him the character of a man of eminent integrity and piety.
" Tins single ijni'stion. coocernini; the Divine Essence, is enough
to show thi' iiuifiiity of the inquiries and studies which engaged
the attention of mi-ii in that age."
Bel|?rove, Wm, A Treatise upon Husbandry and
Planting. Boston, New England, 1765, 4to.
Belhaveu, Lord. Speech on the Union, 1706, Svo.
Memorable Speeches in the Last Parliament of Scotland,
1706, 4to.
"Equally distinguished for the mighty sway of his talents and
the resoluteness of bis temper." See Dr. C. A. Goodrich's Select
British Kloquenre.
Belin^, Richard, 1613-1677, a native of County
Dultliu. Irelnnd. was a leading Roman Catholic during the
rebellion of 1641. Vindiciarum Catholicarum Hibernite,
Paris, 1650, 12mo.
" A pretty accurate account of Irish affairs from 1641 to 1649."
Pub. under the name of Philopater Ircna^us. Beling
wrote several other works. "Whilst a student at Lincoln's
Inn, ho added a 6th book to Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia,
which was printed with that romance, Lon., 1633, fol., with
only the initials of his name.
'• Beling's account of the transactions in Ireland during the pe-
riod of the rebellion is esteemed more worthy of credit than any
[other] written by the Koman party." — Lowndf.s.
Belisario, A, 31, Trial of Arthur Hodge. ISll, Svo.
Bclke, Thomas. Scripture Inquiry, ur Helps for
Memory in the Duties of Piety, Lon., 1641, Svo.
Belknap, Jeremy, 1744-1798, was a native of Boston,
Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard College in 1762,
and entered the ministry of the Congregational Church in
1767. Ho was one of the founders of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, (incorporated in 1794,) and took a lively
interest in its affairs. He pub. The History of New Hamp-
shire, of which the 1st voL was printed in Philadelphia in
17S4, and reprinted in Boston in 1792, with the (2d 1791)
3d. The 3 vols, were reprinted, Boston, 1S13, Svo. The
4th ed. of vol. i. was pub. in Dover, N. Hampshire, in 1831,
Svo. A Discourse intended to commemorate the Discovery
of America by Columbus, with 4 Dissertations, Boston,
1792. Svo. American Biography, 1st voh, 1794; 2d, 1798.
Since pub. in 3 vols. The Foresters. Dr. Belknap pub. a
number of sermons, fugitive essays, historical treatises, &c.
Of his History of New Hampshire, vols. 1st and 2d are
historical, vol. 3d relates to climate, soil, produce, &c.
"His deficiency in natural science, as manifested in his history
of New Hampshire, is rendered more prominent by tlie rapid pro-
gress of natural history since his death. His Foresters is not only
a description of American manners, but a work of humour and
wit, which went into a second edition." — Alkn's Ame.riain Bioa.
Pict, ^
Bell. Remembrance of Christenings and Mortality;
containing the Weekly Bills during the Plague, 1665, 4to.
Bell. The General and Particular Principles of Ani-
mal Electricity and Magnetism, <Sc.. in which are found
Dr. Bell's Secrets and Practice, Lon., 1792, Svo.
" Must wonderful Dr. Belli "We will mit rob you of any of your
secrets by transcribing them : if our readers wish to explore them
thov may buy the book, and pay fur it." — L077. Moufhh/ liKview.
Bell, Andrew, D.D., 1753-1S32, obtained'much ce-
lebrity as the introducer into England of what is called
the Madras system of education. Joseph Lancaster ia
considered by some as entitled to this honour, but it ia
thought by many that the credit belongs to Dr. B. His
principal work is National Education. &c., 1S12, 8" ». A
list of i)ublicatious upon the sulijects of the Bell and Lan-
caster Questi<^in, and education, and a Review will be found
in the Lon. Monthly Review, vol. Ixviii., 1812.
'' Tlie boys at Madras taught so well, and the school under their
teaching prospered so much, that the doctor Itecame intoxic;ited
with the mode, and even allowi'd himself to suppose that in all
cases and circumstances, teaching by the pupils themselves is liet-
ter than teaching by masters. This is a supposition really too
weak to bear being refuted."
Bell, Archibald. Church Members' Directory, 1776.
Bell, Areliiliald, Use of Grain in Distilleries, ISOS.
Bell, Archibald. The New Testament, with the Text
in Paragraphs, and illust. l)y Rhetorical Punctuation, Svo.
"The rhetorical punctuation introduced by Mr. Eell gives on
astonishing eflect to the delivery of any passage, being perfectly
in unison witli the respiratory and vocal powers."
Cabinet: Original Essays, 2 vols. Svo. Count Clermont,
tragedies, and other poems, p. Svo.
Bell, Beauprc, d. 1745. an antiquary, assisted Blome-
field in the History of the County of Norfolk.
"My late friend, Mr. Beaupre Bell, a young gentleman of
most excellent knowledge in medals, whose immature death is a
real loss to this part of learning, was busy in putting out a
book like that of Patoral, and left his manuscripts, plates, and
coins to Trinity College, Cambriilge." — Stukely : Memoirs of
Ourausius.
Bell, Benjamin, an eminent surgeon, a native of
Edinburgh, pub. a number of professional and other works,
Ellin., 1778-92. His principal work is A System of Sur-
gery, Edin., Svo. Vol. 1. 1783; 2 and 3, 17S4; 4, 17So j
5. 1787; 6, 1788. 7th edit., 1801, in 7 vols., trans, into
French by Bosquillon, Paris, 1796, 6 vols. Svo; into Ger-
man by E. G. Hebenstreit, Leipsig, 1784—89, 7 vols. Svo;
again in 1792-99, and 1804-10, Svo. His first work, Trea-
tise on the Theory and Management of Ulcers, Edin., 1778,
Svo, reached its 7th edit, in ISOl. Trans, into German
and French.
" Ilis System of Surgery for a long time held the first place in
Medical libraries, and may still be referred to with advantage, as
it affords a true picture of the state of the art at his time, and
does the author credit for his endeavours to divest it of the useless
macliinery with which it was then encumbered."
Essays on Agriculture, Edin., 1802, Svo.
'* These essays are political, rather than practical." — Donaldson's
AgricuU. Bi»g.
Bell, Benjamin, of Wigton. Con. to Med. Com., 17S9.
Bell, Sir Charles, 1778-1842, was a native of Edin-
burgh, and Professor of Surgery in the university of that
city. He settled in London in 1SU6, where he soon became
highly distinguished for skill and professional knowledge.
System of Dissections, Edin., 1798-99. Essay on the
Anatomy of E.xpression in Painting, Lon., 1806. 4to. The
plntes for the Svo edit, have been reduced in size, and
suffer materially in consequence. The 2d edit, of the Aid
size was puh. in 1824. 4th ed. roy. Svo, 1847. The illus-
trations of the author's works were all drawn by himself.
" The artist, the writer of fiction, the dramatist, the man of taste,
will receive the present work (which is got up with an elegance
worthy of its subject) with gratitude, and peruse it with a lively and
increasing interest and delight." — Lon, Christian Ji'cmnnhrmicer.
Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery: Tre-
pan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy, fol.,
20 c. p. engravings, 1821 and 1S41.
"This is one of the most important works of its class. It la
needless to s:iy that 8ir Charles Bell st.ands in the very tirst rank
of practical contributors to the scientific literature of this country."
Anatomy of the Brain, 1811, 4to. Diseases of the Ure-
thra. Ac, 3d ed., with Notes by John Shaw, 1S22. Svo.
The Hand, its Mechanism and Vital Endowments, as evinc-
ing Design, Lon., 1833, Svo. This is the fourth Bridge-
water Treatise.
'■ The book atTords a great deal to interest and instruct the mind,
and to invito it, by a promise of much rational amusement, to
studies that may not appear at first sight to bo susceptible of such
a purpose." — Lo72. Mrmthlg Bfview.
*' f^ir Charles enters into the whole physical system of man, to
the e.xpositiou of which who can be more competent?"' — Lmi. Quar*
terly Jieview.
" He has by a series of experiments, performed more than twen-
ty-two years ago, determined many important questious relative to
the functions of the nervous system."
159
BEL
BEL
See his Nervous System of the Human Boily, &c., 3d
ed., 18U, 8vo, and other works. But Alexander Walker
in The Nervous System, Lon., 1814, speaking of his own
early discoveries, declares that the more recent doctrine of
Bell, Magendie, &c., is a plagiarism upon him,
" An inversion and a blunder, assocjjited with useless experi-
ments, which they have neither understood nor exj)Iain.-d."
'•You are ahold man. Mr. Walker, and it is to he Rared yon
think too favourably of yourself. It may be true what you say,
but modesty and genius are very usually twins." — Lon. Mnntldy
Reinfiv, 1S33.
Institutes of Surgery, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo. For a notice
of other works of this eminent Surgeon, see Memoir in
Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1842.
Bell, Georsje. Sermon, 1713-18.
Bell, George. Assize Sermon, 1722, etc.
Bell, Georgte. On Cancer. Lon., 178S, Svo.
Bell, George, On Cow Pox. Edin., 1802. 12mo.
Bell, George. Rejoice and do Good ; or the Road to
Happiness: a Charity Sermon, 1805. Svo.
Bell, George Joseph, 1770-1847, brother to Sir
Charles. Legal treatises. Commentaries on the Laws of
Scotland, and on the Principles of Mercantile Jurispru-
dence; 5th ed., Edin., 1826, 2 vols. 4to.
"If we were required to point out the work in our lancruage
which approaches more nearly than all others to the beau ideal of
an elementary treatise in jurisprudence, cnmbiniufr the various
requisites of theory and practice, in the most perfert harmony, we
should, without hesitation, name Bell's Commentaries on the Laws
of Scotland."
Mr. Bell's works are highly esteemed. His Treatise on
the Law of Bankruptcy in Scotland, 2 vols. Svo, Edin.,
1804, is said to have been the first general treatise written
upon the law of Bankruptcy in Scotland.
Bell, Henry, Original of Painting, Lon., 1728, Svo.
Bell, Henry Glasford, formerly founder and editor
of Edinburgh Literary Journal, 1S30-32, author of Poems,
1829. Life of Mary Queen of Scots, Svo, 1840. Has been
Sherifif-Substitute of Lanarkshire, Scotland, under Sir A.
Alison, for the last twenty-five years.
Bell, Henry Nugent, Huntingdon Peerage, Lon.,
1820, 4to.
" The j^enealojrical account of the family is wholly composed from
the most authentic sources, and the sincular circumstances attend-
ing the establishment of the claim to the title of Iluntinpidon,
which had been unclaimed for nearly thirty years, are detailed
with more spirit and Tivaoity than truth." — Lowndes.
Bell, J., Lt. Col. Defence on his Trial, 1810.
Bell, J. A Practical Treatise on the Game Laws, Ac,
Lon., 1S39. 12mo.
'■The author has arranced his matter well; selected his cases
with discretion; prepared his forms correctly; and. on the whole,
produced a work extremely creditable to his industry." — Marvm's
Lffjal Bihl.
Bell, J. S, Journal of a Residence in Circassia dur-
ing the years 18-37, '38, *39, Lon., 1840. 2 vols. Svo.
" An exciting.; and well-told narrative of the Circassian struggle
for ind'-pendencH aji^ainst the Russians. "
Bell, James, Translated into English several works
in favour of the Reformation ; pub. Lon., 1578, '79, '80, 'SI.
Bell, James. Sermons preached before the University
of Glasgow, Lon., 1790, Svo,
Bell, James, Con. to Med. Facts, 1800.
Bell, James, 1769-1833. A System of Popular and
Scientific Geography, 6 vols., etc.
*' Nothing can exceed the interest and the value of this work of
Mr. Bell; indeed, asaSystemof Oeograjiby, it has no rival in this
country." — Dublin Vtnversity Mirj.
"The author of this Sy.stem of Geography is certainly one of the
first critical geographers in this country. It is the best work on Geo-
graphy in the Eiif^lish language." — Ecbn. Jmir.nf Nat.and Oeog. Set.
Bell, Major James. Chronological Tables of Uni-
versal Hist, to End of Keign of Geo. IIL, Lon. 1820, r. foL
Bell, John. Gratiarura Actio, etc., Edin., 1590, 16mo.
Bell, John. Farewell Sermon. Lon., 1743, Svo.
Bell, John. Assize Sermon, 17G1.
Bell, John, of Autermony, 1691-17S0. Travels
from St. Petersliurg in Russia to divers parts of Asia,
Glasg., 1763, 2 vols. 4to; Duhlin, 1764; Edin., 1788, and
1806; also in the 7th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection of
Voyages and Travels.
"The best nindtil for travel-writing in the English language." —
Lrm, Qii'irt'T!// I^-irirw.
Bell, John. System of English Grammar, Glasg.,1769.
Bell, John. New Pantheon, or Historical Dictionary
of the Gods, Demi-Gods, Heroes, ami Fabulous Personages
of Antiquity, 2 vols. 4to, plates, Lon.. 1790.
"It is copious and generally correct, and, on the whole, very
faitlil'ully and very judiciously compiled." — Lim. Month. Rev.
''An excellent and useful compilation." — LnwMiES.
Mr. Bell also pub. A Dictionary i.f Religion, 1815, and
Lectures on the Church Catechism, 1816, 12mo.
Bell, John, M.D., d. 1801. Diseases of Soldiers, Ac,
Lon., 17UI, Svo.
Bell, John, 1763-1820, a celebrated surgeon of Edin-
burgh, brother to Sir Charles Bell, (u. ante.) System of
the Anatomy of the Human Body: vol. i., Edin., 1793; ii.,
1797; iii., 1802; iv., 1S04; last two in conjunction with
Sir Charles Bell; 6th edit, of the whole, 1S26. Trans, into
German by J. C. A. Heinroth and J. C. Kusenmuller, Leip-
sig, 1806-07, 2 vols. Svo. A volume of Engravings to
illustrat* the structure of the Bones, Muscles, and Joints,
Lon., 1790, 4tu ; and again in 18US. Drawings by Mr. Bell ;
a vol. to illustrate the Arteries, in the same manner, by Sir
C. Bell, in 1801, Svo, and in 1S06 and '11. Illustralions
of the Brains and Nerves, by Sir C. Bell, 2 vols. 4to, 1802-03.
Mr. Bell's ill health obliged him to visit Italy ; and he d.
of dropsy, at Rome, April 15, 1820. In 1825, Mrs. Bell pub.
his Observations on Italy from notes made during his tour.
"ilis picturesque descriptions of the country are fresh and de-
lightful landscapes; while his remarks on the pictorial and sculp-
tured tre^isures of Italy are replete with feeling and judgment,
without the cant of the connoisseur or the servile repetition of the
guide-instructed tourist." — Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Bell, John, b. 1800, a celebrated sculptor, has pub.
Compositions from the Liturgy, and Frec-Hand Drawing-
Book fur the Use of Artisans.
Bell, John, M.D., b. 1796, in Ireland, settled in U. S
1810 ; grad. Univ. Penn. 1817. 1. Baths and Min. Waters,
Phila., 1831. 2. Health and Beauty, 1S3S. 3. Regimen
and Longevity, 1842. 4. Lectures on the Prac. of Physic;
4th cd.. 1848. 5. Baths and the Water Regimen, iS49.
6. Min. and Thermal Springs of the U. States and Canada,
1855. Dr. B. was a lecturer for many years on the Institutes
of Medicine, .tc. in the Phila. Med. Inst., and for two years
Prof, of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Med.
Coll. of Ohio. Since 1829 has contributed to, and edited
some of, the leading medical journals of the U. States.
Bell, John Gray, bookseller, Manchester. Eug. Essay
on the Constitution and Government of Eng., 1S45, 12mo.
Descriptive and Critical Catalogue of Works illustrated by
Thomas and John Bewick; with notices of their pupils and
other wood-engravers, imp. Svo, illustrated : 20 copies, large
paper, imp. 4to, 1851. Geuealog. Account of the Descendants
of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, large fol., portraits and plate
of arms. Printed for private circulation only, 1855.
Bell, Robert. Case of Legitimacy, ISll, Edin., 1S25.
Bell, Robert. Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptures ali-
quot. Francf., 1578, 2 vols. fol.
Bell, Robert. Con. to Med. Com.. 17S6.
Bell, Robert. Peasantry in Ireland, Lon., 1804, Svo.
Bell, Robert, b. ISUO, at Cork, Ireland. Hist, of Rus-
sia; in Lardner's Cab. Cyc, Lon., 1836-38, 3 vols. 12mo.
Lives of English Poets ; in do., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 12mo.
Lives of Eng. Dramatists, by R. B., Dr. Dunham, Ac, in
Lardner's Cab. Cyc, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. Hearts and
Altars, 3 vols. p. Svo. Ladder of Gold, 1857, 3 vols. p. Svo,
and 12mo. Wayside Pictures through France, dkc, Svo,
Bell, Lt. -Col. Robert. Management of Guns, Lon.,
1809. Svo.
Bell, Robert, Jr. Legal Works, Edin., 1792-1S14.
Diet, of the Law of Scotland, enlarged by William Bell.
Bell, S.D. Sheriffiu N. Hampshire, Cone, 1843, 12mo.
Bell, S. S. The Law of Property as arising from the
relation of Husband and Wife, Lon., 1849, Svo.
Bell, Susanna. Her Legacy; or, Experience about
Conversion, Lon., 1673, Svo.
Bell, Sydney. Ct. of Session, lSOS-33, Edin.. 1834, 4to.
Rep.«. Scotch Appeals, H. of Lords, 1842-50, 7 vols, r. Svo.
Bell, or Bel, Thomas, author of several controversial
works against the R. Catholics. Motives concerning Romish
Faith and Religion, Camlx. 1593, 4to; reprinted 1605.
■' In which motives the cliief grounds of Papistry arc not only
shaken, but the bulwark thereof is beaten down as no Papist in
the world is or shall be able to stand in denial of the same." —
Stryjif's Annals.
Anatomic of Popish Tyrannic. Lon., 1603, 4to.
" Interesting for the notices it affords of many distinguished
Jesuits in England during the reign of Elizabeth." — Lowndes.
Bell was engaged in controversy with the notorious
Robert Parsons : for a list of their pamphlets, see Lowndes's
Brit. Librarian, p. 1054.
Bell, Thomas, b. 1792. Hist, of British Quadrupeds,
with nearly 200 illustrations, 1837, Svo.
" Nothing remains to be added but an assurance as strong as our
critical ciiaiacter can warrant, that, without an inspection and
perusal of the work, no one can believe how rich it is in useful and
entertuitiing knowledge, or how graphically and exquisitely it is
embelliHhed." — Lon. Monthly Rev.
History of British Reptiles. 1S39, Svo. Monograph of
the Testudinata. 7 Pts. fol., 1836. Hist, of British Stalk-
eyed Crustacea, Svo, 1853.
BEL
Bell, Thomas. Antiquitatum Romanorum Compen-
dium, Glasg., 1672, 12mo, Lon., 1677.
"■^ ■'<"■? brief compendium, highly extolled by contomporarT
versifiers, v j
Survey of Popery, 1696. 4to.
Bell, Thomas. Charity Sermon, 1719, Sro.
Bell, Thomas. Con. to MeJ. Com.. 1774.
Bell, Thomas. jMilitary First Principles, Lon., 1770.
Bell, W. Latin and Greek Grammar, 1775, 12mo
Bell, William, 1625-16S.3, Archdeacon of St. Alhan's,
was elected scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, and after'
wards Fellow. Sermons, 1661, 72, '78.
••Leaviii:,' behind him a precious name among his parishioners
not .m-'ik^'r-',; ^r^^uf' ^"^ °"""' ™''"*''^' "f "-bich they could
nor sptMk fiiim^'h. — Atheii. Oxnn.
, ","','' "''"iam. Excellency, ic. of Patience, Lon.,
Ibj 4-, Svo.
Bell, William. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1793
Bell, -yVilliara. Stream of Time, Lon., ISIO, Svo.
German Literature, 1811 12ino.
Bell, William. A Dictionary and Digest of the
Laws of Scotland, Ac, Edin., 18:!8, Svo.
'■A useful work, <ompiled from the bust sources "
Bell, William, 1731-1816, prebendary of Westmin-
ster and treasurer of St. Paul's, was a student and Fellow
of Magdalen College, Cambridge. He was noted for his
liberality and general excellence of character. He trans-
ferred, in 1810, £15,200 three per cent, consols to the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, as a foundation for eight new scholar-
ships, to be bestowed upon sons of poor clergymen
A Dissertation on the Causes which principally'contri-
biite to render a Nation Populous. [B.acheIor's Prize.] Lon
1 1 56, 41^0. An In(|Uiry into the Missions of John the Bap-
tist and Jesus Christ, 1761, 8vo, 2d ed. ; with additions,
ii\3t. A Defence of Revelation in general. 1765, Svo A
Sermon preached at the Consecration of Dr. Thomas Bi
shop of Rochester, 1774. '
An Attempt to ascertain and illustrate the Authority
Nature, and Design of the Lord's Supper, 1780, Svo.
" A most elaborate work on the subject."
This work elicited a Letter to the author by Dr Lewis
Bagot, 1781.
those of Dr" Bell ■?'''" ^"^ difo'-ent views of the ordinance to
The Last Sentiments of P. F. Le Courayer, D.D., on the
different doctrines of Religion, with his Life, 1787 Svo
The original [in French] was given by the author to tlie
Princess Amelia, and left to her former chaplain, Dr Bell
After the doctor's death his Sermons on various subjects
were pub. in 2 vols., 1817, Svo.
•• As a compendium of Christian ethics these sermons deserve a
pl.i.-e amonj; the best writers of our language."-LowvDEs
lor well digested thousht. and perspicuity of language; for
an intimate survey of the human heart through all its windings
for accuracy, strength, and sedateness of reasoning, they can
scarcely be snrfassei."— British Critic. '
Bishop Watson, also, recommends the works of Dr Bell
Bellamie, John. Commonalty of London 1707
Bellamont, Lord. Letter to Earl of Shelburne, 1783.
Bellamy, D. Poems, 1722; Miscellany, 1725
Be lamy, D. Theohjg. Works, Lon., 1743, '44, '56, '76.
Be lamy, Eliz. Y. Lady's Assistant, 1802, 12mo
Bellamy, George Anne, 1733-1788, an actress of
note. Apology for her Life, 6 vols., 1785, 12mo .Said to
have been drawn up by Ale.-iauder Bicknell, editor of
Carver s Tr.avel3 in Africa. Memoirs of George Anne Bel-
lamy, by a Gentleman, 1785, 12mo. But little more thiin
an abridgment of the Apology.
Bellamy, James W. Concordance to the Holy Bible
4to. Designed to accompany any quarto Bible, but parti-
cularly that editcl by Drs. Doyly and Mant, being adapted
to the maps and notes of that edition.
Bellamy, John. The Holy Bil,le, newly translated
from he original Hebrew, with Notes critical and explana-
tory, Lon., 1818-21, 4to.
" Three parts only of this new translation have been published
WnretT?^'"",,"'"'';?' "' ""^ ^"""'■•' ■""» ^is extnvagan'cTes of in:
Du'^I^A ',„".,"' *i^° "P,"'""* '° *•"" y-^rterly Revfew. Tols.Vi"
pp. 2O0-280, and xxiii. pp. 290-325; in the Kclectic Review vol ,
}:ritlSnnS^?i.?S;;X,Sn VT^^:^^^^
"We find him to be a person whose arrogance, nresumntinn -ind
contempt of others, are perfectly intolerable; X pTOeeS"'in^
rash and wild spirit of innovation, setting aside, on EuthorHy
of his own assertion, the decisions of the learned and wise. Ind
hazarding statements of the most intrepid kind on the slenderest
foundations. His knowledge of the Hebrew consists in littbfmore
inan a common .actiuaintance with the meaning of the roots, and
BEL
the more ordin.iry and obvious rules of Grammar, not of the Be-
cul,.,rities of id.om and the niceties of construction he is. beside
M^ ^Tii ""^ "f J^OK-^sf-'-io". Q>^r. Rcv.,Ki^. 250-2S0. '
, qV/'o f'^r,''"^, °''' "■"'"'' ^"""^ criticism, and pub. Lon.,
1818, 8vo A Reply to the Quarterly Review ; a produc-
tion which is condemned by Rev. J. W. Whitaker as
'•An inteniperate pamphlet, full of the strangest and most glai-
ing inconsistencies." See also Lon. Quar. Rev., sxiii 2S7-.-i'>5
" M^.^^ hitaker hasexposed the falsehood of many of Mr HelKmv'a
assertions, and his ignorance of the Hebrew langiia-e "—I „wm,f.s
Seldom has a poor author been so berated. "The Eclectic
Reviewers declared that the appropriate title would be
"The Iloly Bible perverted from the original Hebrew by .John
Bellamy. - ■' "
And Mr. Orme is as little complimentary in the assur-
ance that
.^'A^' ^'^".'""y i' """"S fhe most, arrogant of all translators,
and his version the most absurd of all translations. His work is
a strange hodge-podge of error, confidence. misrepre.sentati,.n, and
RiKHc,?l^"V'' '?."'! valuable writers in all the departments of
Biblical literature. — Btbl. Bib.
History of All Religions. New and enlarged ed., Lon..
1813, 12mo. The Ophion. 4c., Lon., 1811. Svo
Bellamy, Joseph, D.D., 1719-1790, a native of
Connecticut. True Religion Delineated, 1750. The Na-
ture and Glory of the Gospel. Letters and Dialogues be-
tween Theron, Paulinas, and Aspasio upon the Nature
of Love to God, Faith in Christ, .and Assurance of a Title
to Eternal Life, 1761, 12mo. Works in 3 vols 1811-
since in 2 vols., by the Boston Tr.act and Book Society, Svo'
"Mr. Bellamy is an original and striking writer, but taking the
harcJer features of religion, without the winning and lovin- grace
of the gospel. He .s useful in showing the danger of Antiiromian
pei^ersious There is great decisiveness, imirking the confidence
of a man who feels the truth."— Bickeksteth
tbl'.i'',V''^'''"i'' '""'"■'''••ite the truths of the gospel, and to trace
them thnmgh all connections and dependencies, and to impress
them on th.3 conscience and heart, has been possessed by few '•
• 1 he author s leading object is to discriminate between the law
and the gospel, and to define and illustrate the duties which they
respectively require. Vie hope the circulation of this work wiU
be .-IS extensive .as the contents are interesting and imiiorlanl, and
that students of divinity, especially, will avail themselves of the
information which it contains."— A'canyeiictii Mag
Bellamy, Thomas. A Caveat to Kings, Princes,
and Prelates, not to trust to a set of pretended Protestants
of Integrity ; showing that it is impossible to be Presby-
terians and not Rebels, Lon., 1662. Svo. Bellamy is an
assumed name; see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon , iv 139
Bellamy, Thomas, 1745-1800, the projector of The
Monthly Mirror, was for 20 years a hosier in London.
He pub. The Friends, 1789, Svo. Miscellanies, 1795, 2
vols. Svo. Sadaski, or the Wandering Penitent, 1798, 2
vols. 12mo.
" A novel in Dr, Hawkesworth's manner, and possessing consi-
derable ninnt, °
Bellamy, William. Records in the Crown Office.
Bellas, George. Sermon, 1774-79, 4to.
Bellenilen, .Sir, or Dr., John. See Ballenden.
Bellenden, William, more generally known by hia
Latin name of Gulielmus Bellendenus. a native of .Scot-
land, humanity professor at P.aris in 1602. — Dempster
James VL appointed him Magister Supplicum Libellorum'
1. e. Reader of Petitions. He resided chiefly at Paris.
In 1608 he pub. Ciceronis Princeps ; an exposition of the
duties of a ruler, illustrated by the precepts of Cicero ■ to
this piece is prefixed De Processu et Scriptoribus Rei Poli-
tic<x>. In 1612 was pub. his Ciceronis Consul .Senator
Senatusque Rom.anus; to the 2d ed. of this dissertation,
pub. in 1616, was appended the Liber de Statu Prisci
Orbis.
" The first two books .are. in a general sense, political ; the last
relates entirely to the Roman polity, but builds much political
precept on this, Bellenden seems to have taken a more compr.^
hensive view of history in his tjrst book, and to have reflected
more philosophically on it than perhaps any one had done before-
at least, I do not remember any work of so early an a-e which re^
minds me so much of Tico and the (iiandenr et Decadence of
Montesquieu. We can hardly make an exception for Bodin. be-
cau.se the 8cot is so much more regularly historical, and so much
more concise. The first book contains little more than forty pa-es
Bellenden's learning is considerable, and without that pedantry
of quotation which makes most books of the age intolerable. The
latter parts have less originality and reach of thought," — Ilatlam's
Lit. Mid. Ages.
The three treatises were reprinted at London in 1787
with a Latin preface, by Dr. Samuel Parr ; in this preface'
Parr celebrates Burke, Fox, and Lord North as "the
three English himinaries in oratory and polities." The
idea was suggested by Bellenden's De Tribus Luminibus
Romanorum. a piece originally intended to eulogize Cice-
ro. Seneca, and Pliny. Only the first part of this, that
relating to Cicero, appeared at Paris. 1634. folio, (one
copy, 1634;) Bellenden having died before he had time
to arrange his papers relating to the otlier two. From
161
BEL
BEL
this work Conyers Middleton is charged by Wharton, in
his Essay ou Pope, (ii. p. 324,) to have token the idea of
writing Cicero's history in his own words, and also to have
taken the whole arrangements adopted, without acknow-
ledgment, by himself.
L»r. Parr, in the preface referred to, repeats the same
charge. Of this piece Mr. Uallam remarks :
"Th>_' celebrated prefaco of the editor has had the effect of
eclipsing the original author; Parr was constantly read and talked
of; iielleuden never."
Mr. Be Quincey hardly permits even Parr's Preface to
escape his wholesale castigation of the ** Birmingham
Doctor."
" Not one work of Dr. Parr's is extant which can, without
iJiutihter. assume that important name. The preface to Hellenden
is. after all. by much the weightiest and most regular composition,
and the least of a fugitive tract. Yet this is but a jeii d'csprit, or
classji.al prolusion. And we believe the case to be une.xanipled,
thai upon so slender a basis, a man of the world, and n-puted a
mail of sense, slmuld si,-t up for an author. Well nii^ht the author
of the rui>uits of Literature (1797) demand— * M'hat has Dr.-Parr
writtt-n ':' A s.-iun.u ur two, rather long; a Latin preface to Bel-
lendenus, (rather long, too.) consisting of a cento of Latin and
Greek expressions applied to political subjects, &c." — Pliilosophiad
Writers.
But Dr. Irving considers this celebrated Preface to be
worthy of high praise :
" It is written in a style of elegant and powerful Latinity. but
is too much n-plonished with modern politics, and. in the opinion
of some readers, is not free from a considerable mixture of pe-
dantry. It is, however, such a composition as no other English-
man of that period could perhaps have produced." — Encyc. Brit.
And why not? All extravagance, whether in praise or
censure, is pretty sure to be incorrect. The Preface gave
rise to several attacks; Remarks, &e., 1787; Animadver-
sions, Ac, 17S8; The Parriad, by Chapman, 1788 j An
Epistle, Ac.
Be]lers,Fettiplace. Delineation of Universal Law;
being an abstract of an Essay towards deducing the ele-
ments of Universal Law, from the principles of knowledge
and nature of things, in five books. 1. Of Books in
general. 2. Of Private Law. 3. Of Criminal Law. 4.
Of the Law of Magistracv. 5. Of the Law of Nations,
Lon., 1740, 4to; 2d ed., 1754.
*' This is a very curious production. It can hardly be called a
book, being merely a table of the contents of a proposed treatise,
and containing nothing but the heads, of divisions under which
Bellers proposed to write a work on Universal Law. The author
spent twenty years in studying his subject and maturing his plan.
It is with a feeling of regret, mingled with something like re-
pr'iacli. that we find the labours of twenty years so wasted, and
nlli.t iipnii the great expenditure of time and diligence that has
bf-'u ilislitute of any useful result." — Marvin's Ler/a I Bill.
But are twenty years' intellectual entertainment, and
habits of mental discipline, and acquisition of useful
knowledge, to be counted for nothing? In 17o9 Mr. Bel-
lers pub. a treatise, (in 4to,) The Ends of Society.
Bellers, Fiilk. Funeral Scrmmi on J. Lamotte, Esq.,
Aid. of London, Lon., 1656, 4to, with portrait by Faith-
orne.
Belters, John, a Political Economist; author of
Proposals for Raising a College of Industry for all u.seful
Trades and Husbandry, Lon., 1696. 4to. ' Essays about
the Poor. Manufactures, Trade. Plantation, and immoral-
ity, 16119, 4to. Some reasons for our European State,
Lon., 1710, 4to. An Essay towards the Improvement of
Physic, in Twelve Books, with an Essay for employing
the Poor, Lon., 1714, 4to. An E.ssay for Employing the
Poor to profit, L()n., 1723, 4to. An Epistle to W.'Priends,
concerning the Prisons, and Sick in the Prisons and Hos-
pitals of Great Britain, Lon., 1724, 4to. Abstract of
George Fox's Advice and Warning to the Magistrates
concerning the Poor, Lon., 1724, 4to.
The philanthropic character of Mr. Bellers is indicated
by the subjects which engaged his pen. See Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Bellew, Robt. 1. Trafalgar. 2. Irish Peasantry,
1806-I)S.
Bellewe, Richard. Legal Compilations, etc, 1585,
4c. Los Aus du Roy Richard lo Second, Lon., 1585,
8vo. This book forms a substitute fur the year book of
that reign, which is wholly omitted.
Bellinster, Charles. Thanksgiving after Rebellion;
a Sermon on Ps. Ixxv. 1, 1746, 8vo.
BeUinsor, F, A Medical Work, Lon., 1717, 8vo.
Bellin;;;hani, O'B. On Aneurism, and its Treat-
ment by Compression, Lon., 12rao.
'• In our opinion, he has conferred a signal benefit upon the art
of surgery, by his improvement of the mode of employing pres-
Bure, and upon the s.-ii-n.-e bv bis ingeni'-us and phib.sophical ex-
pnsirion of its ()i>fr.'tti..n."— /,o». Mxiirrt-CJarur. Rpvirw.
Bellington, Thomas, Sermon, 1718, 8vo.
■ Bellon, Peter, Mock Duellist, Lon., 1675, 4to, Ac.
Irisli Sj.aw. Ac, Dub., 1084, Svo.
Belmeis, or Beanme-s, Richard de, I., Bishop
of London, consecrated 1108, is said by Tanner to have
written a treatise in verse, addressed to Henry I. The
MS. was in the Monastery of Peterborough.
Belmeis, or Beaumes, Richard de, II., Bishop
of London, consecrated in 1151, is mentioned by Robert
Gale as the author of Codex Niger, or Black Book of the
Exchequer.
Belmeys, John, Joannes Eboracensis, or John of
York, of the 12th century, is said by Bale and Pits to
have written 32 Letters to Thomas Becket, An Invective
against the same, and certain Elegant Orations j Lcland
mentions Aurea Joannia Eboracensis Historia, but is un-
certain whether this John of York is the same with our
author. Indeed, Leland "could not find any thing cer-
tainly written" by Belmeys.
Beloe, Rev.'William, 1756-1817, was the son of a
tradesman of Norwich. After spending some time under
the care of the celebrated Dr. Parr at Stanmore, he en-
tered Bcne't or Corpus Cbristi, Cnliege, Cambridge, where
he took the degree of B.A. in 1779. Removing to Lon-
don, in conjunction with Mr. Nares, he established the
British Critic, as an organ of what are styled high-church,
i. e. loyal and conservative, principles, in opposition to
the dangerous dogmas of the sympathizers with the
French Revolution. In 1796 he was presented to the rec-
tory of AUhallows, London-wall. In 1797 Bishop Pretty-
man collated him to a stall in Lincoln Cathedral ; and in
1805 Bishop Portous to one in St. Paul's. In 18U4 he
was appointed one of the assistant librarians to the Bri-
tish Museum. Mr. Beloe's publications are the following;
An Ode to Miss Boscawen, 4to, 1783. Trans, of the Rape
of Helen, with notes, 4to, 178tj. Poems and Translations,
Svo, 1788. The History of Herodotus, from the Greek,
with notes, 4 vols. Svo, 1799. Trans, of Alciphron's
Epistles, 1791. Trans, of the Attic Nights of Aulus Gel-
lius, 1795.
" An excellent and the only translation of a difficult and in-
structive author." — IIarwood.
" The Commonplace Book of an elegant scholar, and the most
amusing miscellany of antiquity, containing anecdotes and argu-
ments, scraps of history, pieces of pot-try. and dissertations on
various points in philosophy, geometry, and grammar — all just
as noted down at Athens, in the 2d century after Christ."
Miscellanies, 3 vols. 12mo, 1795. Trans, of the Ara-
bian Nights' EntertJiinments, from the French, 4 vols.
12nio. Joseph, from the French of M. Bitaube, 2 vols.
12mo. A Fast Sermon, 1804. Anecdotes of Literature
and Scarce Books, 6 vols. Svo, pub. 1806-12. Brief Me-
moirs of the Leaders of the French Revolution. Mr,
Beloe was one of the authors of the Biographical Dic-
tionary, 15 vols, 8vo, in which he was assisted by Messrs.
Tooke, Morrison, and Nares. He also contributed several
articles to the Gentleman's Magazine, and many to the
British Critic, of which he was the editor. After the de-
cease of Mr. Beloe appeared The Sexagenarian, or the
Memoirs of a Literary Life, 2 vols. Svo, 1817, written by
Mr. B., and edited by a friend. This work contains many
amusing anecdotes of the author's literary contemporaries,
and the freedom of his strictures is remarkable. Mr.
Lowndes condemns it in no measured terms :
"These volumes for presumption, mis-statement, and maljf;nity
have rarely been exceeded, or even equalled."
In the next year, ISIS, a 2d edit, appeared, in which
many passages of the 1st were omitted. Mr. B.'s trans,
of Herodotus has been commended by M. Larcher, wlioso
knowledge of the original will hardly be disputed. Beloe
drew both from this author's researches, and from the late
discoveries in Africa. Classical critics are too apt to de-
spise modern illustrations of ancient lore.
" A very valuable and elaborate performance. The language of
the traiislatinn is smooth and elegant; nor will any but the fasti-
dious ciiiio, \\ ho is often condemned to the drudgery of weij^bing
wtiidsaiHl nuasuring sentences, complain that it is not sufficiently
liteial. We must, however, remark that, though in general de-
serving of the highest praise, we think that Mr. U. has been more
ditTuse and paraphrastical than was necessary; but this is a tri-
tling defect, and let it be remembered, that no translation can be
close, and. at the same time, elegant. In publishing this edition
of Herodotus, it is easy to perceive that the translator has spared
no labour. His work is enriched with a variety of learned and
amusing notes. Wesseling and Larcher, indeed, suppUed him
with much useful information and critical sagacity, but a great
many facts, anecdotes, parallels, and illustrations, have been dili-
gently collected frnni ancient writers, modern travels, Ac. The
work. therefM'e, if Wf mistake not, will be found very complete,
and will prove a trcjisure of historical knowledge to readers of
every description.'" — Ana} i/f icnl lifvinv.
"The translation is held in very gi-eat esteem, and is justly
considered the best we have of this important histoi-iau, and very
BEL
highly creditable to the tilents of Mr. Beloe, thouirh, as a trans-
I;ttor, he too frequently losfs sijrht of his author: it is illustrated
with some very excellent selections of notes. whii;h are partly ori-
^'injil and partly taken from the writinps of Major llennell. the
U(jt+'s r.f Larrher, and other valuable publications." — Muss's Classi-
cal Bthliography.
The Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books is a
very valuable store-house of Bibliographical matter. It
has now itself become a "Scarce Book," and tlie Biblio-
grapher should not fail to secure a copy when the chance
occurs — which is seldom. The Anecdotes had the great
advantage of the careful revision and corrections of that
eminent judge of books, the Bishop of Ely, who died be-
fore the 0th volume was published. Ttio libraries and the
literary aid of the Marquis of Stafford, the Bishop of
Rochester. Mr. Barnard, Mr. Douce. Mr. John Kemble,
Mr. Malone, Mr. Chalmers, Mr. Waft, and Mr. Nares,
were placed at the service of Mr. Beloe whilst engaged in
the preparation of this work.
" A work replete with entertainment and instruction." — Lon.
Gent. Mag.
'• A work containing much bibliographical information, and ex-
tntL-ts ft-om curious works." — Lowndes.
Mr. Beloe lost his situation at the British Museum in
consequence of the thieving propensities of a wretch whom
he had permitted to examine some of the books and draw-
ings belonging to the library. See his account of this
unfortunate atlair in Preface to the Aneciiotes. (Copied
in Gent's. Mag., 1817, Part i.) We extract a few lines :
" A man was introduced at the Museum, with the sanction of
the most respectable recommendation. I mention not his name
^the wounds of his own conscience must be so severe a punish-
ment that 1 shall not increase his suffeiings. ... He proved to be
dishonest; he purloined valuable property which was in my cus-
tody, and it was thou*j:ht that the good governmentrjf the'insti-
tution required my dismissal."
Belsham, James. Canadin. Lon., 1760, 4to.
Belsham, Thomas, 1750-1829, the son of a dissent-
ing minister at Bedford, embraced in 1789 the Unitarian
opinions of Dr. Priestley, whom he succeeded as minister
at Hackney when Priestley removed to America. The
Unitarian Society for Promoting Christiiin Knowledge and
the Practice of Virtue was founded at the suggestion of
Mr. Belsham. Mr. B. pub. many occasional sermons. A
number of his Discourses Doctrinal and Practical were
pub. in 2 vols.; also Discourses on the Evidence of the
Christian Religion; Elements of Logic and Mental Philo-
sophy; A Calm Review of the Scripture Doctrine con-
cerning the Person of Christ, including a brief Review of
the Controversy between Dr. Ilorsley and Dr. Priestley,
Lon., 1811, 8vo; Memoirs of the late T. Lindsey, &c.,
Lon., 1812. 8vo; A Review of American Unitarianism, im.,
2d edit., 1815, 8vo; A Review of Mr. Wilberforce's Trea-
tise; this work was noticed by Rev. Andrew Fuller, and
in the Appendix to Dr. Magce's Discourses on the Atone-
ment; Letters to the Bishop of London, in Vindication of
the Unitarians, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
" Mr. Belsham seems to be as deeply infected as any man with
the itch for writing. Seldom a year passes without 'his seiidin-
forth two or three treatises. What degree of circulation these
may obtain among his partizans, we have no means of knowing;
but certainly, as to the public at large, they tall nearly still-born
from the press. ... He has shewn, as is customary with him. some
adroitness in misunderstanding and perverting expressions." —
Loii. QwirUrly Rrview.
Mr. B. had an important share in the New Testament
in an Improved Version, upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's
New Translation, with Notes Critical and Explanatory,
Lon., ISOS, 8vo.
'* It pretends to be placed upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's,
by which it is basely insinuated that the primate was a SocinLin.
Kothing can be more feilse. Abp. Xewcomes translation is strictly
orthodox on all the great points relating to the divinity and atone-
ment of Christ." — LuwN'DES.
" Evidently prepared by persons without sufficient scholarship
for any re:il improvement." — Rose's Biog. Diet.
■' It mangles and misrepresents the original test, perverts the
meaning of its most important terms, and explains away all that
is valuable in the doctrinal system of Christianity."— Orme.
The Improved Version was also reviewed by Archbp.
Lawrence, Dr. Nares, Rev. T. Rennell, Chas. Danberry,
John Bevan, and Robert Halley. See Lowndes's Brit.
Librarian, p. 219.
The Epistles of Paul the Apostle translated ; with an
Exposition and Notes, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo.
■' This is one of the most elaborate performances on the Bible
which for many years have issued from the Unitarian press. Mr.
Belsham has been long known as one of the chief leaders of that
party in EngLand. and as one of the principal authors of the Im-
proved Version of the New Testament. The ti-anslation of the
Epistles of Paul is constructed on the visionary scheme of inter-
pretation of Dr. Taylor of Xorwich. The tendency of the work is
to subvert all those sentiments respectin-.: sin which are calcu-
lated to affect the mind with pain, and those views of the Deity
and atonement of Christ which are fitted to afford relief. Mr.
BEL
Belsham uses great freedom with the readings of the original text,
and still greater with the principles of euli-htened interpretation.
He shows rather what the New Testament siioudl be in the opinion
of a.Socinian, than what it really is. The work is full of erroneous
doctrines, incorrect learning, allected candour, and forced interpre-
tation."—Ornic's Bihl. B<b.
Belsham pub. some other works. The Memoirs of our
author with correspondence, &c., was pub, Lon., 1833, 8vo,
by John Williams.
Belsham, William, 1753-1S27, younger brother of
the preceding, was author of a number of historical and
political treatises. Essays, philosophical, historical, and
literary, Lon., 1789-91, 2 vols. 8vo, several editions.
"Ou the whole, our general idea of these Essays is. that they
discover more extent and vaiiety. than depth, of thiuking: but
that the good sense aud liV)eral spirit with which they are writltii.
may render them useful to young persons, in assisting them to
form a habit of inquiry and reflection.' — Lfm. Mmtthly Mcvicw.
Observations on the Test Laws, 1791, 8vo.
" M'e are fully convinced, with -Mr. Belsham. that the Test Laws
are not calculated for any purpose of safety, nor of defence, but
merely for that of irritation." — Ibid.
Historic Memoir on the French Revolution, 1791, 8vo.
■■ It -^'ives a concise and judicious summary of the leading caiises
which produced, of the interesting events which accompanied, nod
of the principal regulations which followed, the revolution,"— //jirf.
In 1793 he pub. Memoirs of the Kings of Great Britain
of the House of Brunswick, Lunenburg, 2 vols. 8vo. In
1795 appeared his Memoirs of the Reign of George IIL,
to the Session of Parliament ending 1793, 4 vols. 8vo, 5th
and 6th vols., 1801. In 1798 was pub. his History of Great
Britain, from the Revolution to the Accession of the House
of Hanover. 2 vols. 8vo. These works were incorporated
under the title of History of Great Britain, from the Re-
volution in 1688 to the Conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens,
1802, 12 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1806.
"We congratulate the public on the completion of Mr. Belsham's
History, the only one of the period which deserves to be cherished
and read amoni: friends of civil liberty, and of the free principles
of the Constitution. The style is clear and nervous, without dog-
matism, and eloquent without inflammation; while the spirit is
temperate, and the details unimpeachable in veracity and impar-
tiality."— Lfm. Mouthh/ Mag.
Belsham's History has been honoured by the commen-
dation, qualified, indeed, of no less an authoritj'- than Pro-
fessor Smyth :
" Belsham will, T think, in like manner be found, for a consider-
able part of his work, very valuable, spirited, intelligent, an ai^
dent friend to civil and religit'Us liberty, and though apparently a
Dissenter, not a Sectarian. In his latter volumes, indeed, from
the Jireaking out of the late French war in 1793, he has departed
from the ei^uanimity of an historian, and has degenerated into the
warmth, and almost the rage, of a party writer. ... I must olj-
serve. that a very good idea may be formed of the general subjects
connected with this period, [reign of Anne,] and of the original
memoirs and documents which should be referred to. by reading
the Appendix to Belsham's History: it is very well drawn up. . .
A good general idea may be formed of this crisis [union of England
and Scotland] from the History of Belsham. ... I would recom-
mend to my readers to take the" modern publication of Belsham [in
studying the political life nf Sir Kobert Walpolel and to read it in
conjunction with Coxe: then to refer occasionally to the two vo-
lumes of the correspondence of Coxe; and to refer continually to
the Parliamentary debates, which may be read in Cobbett. . . .
The History of Belsham is a work, as I have already mentioned,
of more merit than would at iirst sight be sujjposed. But iu the
year 1793, after the breaking out of the French war. it loses the
character of history, and becomes little more than a political pam-
phlet: and through the whole of the reign of his present Ahijesty
[George III.] it is so written, that it must lie considered as a state-
ment, whetherjust or not. but certainly only as a statement, on one
side of the question, and must therefore, at all events, be compared
witli the statement on the other side, that is. with the History of
Adolphus. . . These histories [with reference to the American war]
aredrawn upon very different principles: — Belsham conceiving that
the Americans were right in their resistance; Adolphus thinking,
certainly wishing bis readers to think, that they were entirely
wrong: the one written on what are called Whig, the other on
Tory, principles of government. The one is. I conceive, sometimes
too indulgent to the Congress: the other always so to the Knp.ish
ministry. Belsham. I consider as by far the inost reasor|ibIe of
the two in even,' thing that is laid down respecting the American
War," — Lectures mi Modern HiUory.
Belson, Eliz. Nelson's Fasts, &Q..y abridg., Lon.,
1810. Svo.
Belt, Hobcrt, Legal works, Lon.. 1810, Ac.
Beltz,Georiie. Chandos Peerage Case,Lon.,1834,8vo
Belward, John. Sermon. 1774, 8vo.
Belzoni, John Baptist, b. about 1780, d. 1823, a
native of Padua, in Itsily, came to England in 1803. From
1815 to 1819, he was zealously engaged in e.\ploring the
antiquities of Egypt. He dietl of dysentery at Benin on
his way to Hou.-sa and Tinibuctoo. For an interesting
sketch of his life, see The Georgian Era, iii. 62. Narra-
tive of the Operations and recent Discoveries within the
Pyramids, Temjiles, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and
Nubia, Lon., 1820, 4to; 1821, 4toj and 3d eait.,*1822, 2
vols. Svo.
BEM
"WhoeTer has read this book (and who has not?) will aG:ree
with us in opinion that its interest is derived, not less from tho
manner in which it is written, the personal adventures, and the
piiture it exhibits of the author's character, than for its splendid
and popular antiquarian researches." — Stevenson.
The credit of BeUoni's discoveries was often stolen from
him by others. Read the excellent Address to the Mummy
in Beizoni's Exhibition, by Horace Smith.
'• Beizoni's Narrative is writton in a pure and unostentatious
style, and in a tone which occasionally approaches ty the poetic
and sublime."'
Benibridge, Dr. Protestant's Reconciliation, 1687.
IJenbrigge, John. Sermon. Lon., 1645, 4to.
Ueiidish, Sir Thomas. Relation of his Embassy
to Turkey, Lou., 1648, 4to.
Bend'loe, or Beiiloe, Wm. Legal Reports, 1661,
&e. See Bridgmau's Leg.-il Bibl. ; Marvin's do. ; Wal-
lace's Reporters.
Uendlowes, or Benlowes, Edward, 1602-1676,
a native of Essex, was a Fellow-commoner of St. John's
College, Cambridge. Ho was of too easy a nature for his
own welfare, and impoverished himself by lavishing his
favours on others. He patronized among others, Quarles,
Davenaut, Payne, and Fisher. John Jenkyns was one of
his favourites :
" He was much patronized by Edward Benlowes, Esq., who hav-
ing written a most divine poem entitled 'I'heophila, or Love's Sa-
crifice, printed at London. ItiS'J. several parts thereof had airs set
to them by this incomparable Jenkyns. . . . Mr. Benlowes in his
youuf^er d.ays was a Papist, or at least very Popishly affected, and
in his elder years a bitter enemy to that party."— ^(Acii. Oxon.
Mr. Bendlowes wrote a number of other pieces both in
Latin and in English, among which are. Sphinx Theolo-
gica. Camb., 1626, 8vo. A Summary of Divine Wisdom,
Lon., 1657, 4to. A glance at the glories of Sacred Friend-
ship, Lon.,1657. Oxonii Encomium, Oxon., 1672, foL Oxo-
nii Elogia, Oxon., 1673. Oxonii Elegia. Truth's Touch
Stone; dedicated to his niece, Mrs. Philippa Blount.
" A whole canto of Theophila. consisting of above 300 verses,
was turned into elegant Latin verse in the space of one day by that
great prodi^-y of early parts. .lohn Hall of Durham, having had
his tender affections ravished with that divine piece."— vt(/i(«.Ojrm.
Both Pope and Warburton are very severe in their criti-
cisms upon our author. The first tells us that
" Bendlowes, propitious to blockheads, bows."
" Bendlowes was famous for his owu bad poetry, and for p.atron-
izing bad poets."— W.irborton.
" Theophila gives us a higher idea of his piety than his poetical
talents ; though there are many uncommon and excellent thoughts
in it. This priiyer has been deservedly admired."— Gk.ingee.
A complete copy of Theophila is very rare. The one in
the Nassau sale. (pt. i. 4S7,) said to be the most perfect
known, sold for no less than £25 5s.
Benedict, Biscop, 629?-690,an Anglo-Saxon monk,
was distinguished for his zeal in the encouragement of
letters and such arts as were then known. He is said to
have brought many books, pictures, &c. home with him
from Rome. Leland ascribes to him Concordantia Regu-
larnin, a commendation of the Rules of St. Benedict, the
founder of the Benedictines.
Benedict, a monk of St. Peter's, at Gloucester, wrote
about 1130'!' a Life of St. Dubricuis.— W7,nrfoa's ^ny/m
,S'('cro.
Benedict of Peterborough, d. 119.'!, was educated
at Oxford. He was keeper of the great seal from 1191 to
1193. He wrote a Life of Becket, and De Vita et Gestis
Henrici II. et Richardi I. This history was pub. by Tho-
mas Hearne, Oxford, 1735, 2 vols. 8vo. Other pieces.
Benedict ofNorwich, d. 1340, was author of Alphas
betum Aristotelis, Ac.
Benedict, Oavid, D.D.,b. about 1780; settled in the
ministry in early life. In 1813, pub. Gen. Hist, (if the Bajitist
Denomination in America and other parts of the world, 2
vols. 8vo; new ed., enlarged and chiefly rewritten, N. York,
1848, r. 8vo. This work is highly esteemed by the Baptists
of the U. States, and has met with much success. History
of all Religions, 1824, 12mo.
Benedict, Erastus U., h. 1800, in Connecticut, grad.
at Williams Coll.. 1821. Prominent member and Presi-
dent of the Board of Education of City of N. Y., 1850-
54. Presbyterianism, a Review, 1838. A Distinguished
Educational writer.
Benedict, Joel, of Connecticut. Sermon on the
death of Dr. Hart. 1809.
Benedict, Noah, of Connecticut. Sermon on the
death of Dr. Bellamy, 1790.
Benefield, Sebastian, 1559-1630, was a native of
Prestonbury in Gloucestershire. He was admitted a scholar
of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, when 17 years of age,
took his D.D. in 1608, and in 1613 was chosen Margaret
professor of divinity. He is stvled by Leach "adown-
164
BEN
right and doctrinal C.alvinist." His principal publications
are. Eight Sermons, Oxf., 1014, 4to. Twelve sermons upon
the lUth chap. Hebrews, Oxf., 1615, 4to. A Commentary
upon 1st chap, of Amos, in 21 Sermons, Oxf., 1613, 4to.
Trans, in Latin by Henry Jackson of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, and printed at Oppenheim in 1615, Svo. A Com-
mentary on the 2d chap, of Amos, in 21 Sermons, Lon.,
1720, 4to. A Commentary on the 3d chap, of Amos, Lon.,
1629, 4to.
" He was a person for piety, strictness of life, and sincere con-
versation, incomparable. He was also so noted an humanitarian,
disputant, and theologist, that he had scarce his equal in the uni-
versity."— Athen. Ojim.
Benese, Sir Richard de. Boke of Measurynge of
Laude, Lon., 1535-38. and an edition sim anno.
Benet, B.,o//.i» W. Fitch. Rule of Perfection, re-
ducing the whole Spiritual Life to this one point, the Will
of God. 1609. 8vo.
Benet, Gilbert. Sermons, 1746-54, Svo.
Benezet, Anthony, 171.3-1784. This good man, a
native of St. Quentin's, France, was a resident of England
and America from the age of two years ; hence we give
him a place in our list. He pub. several works, princi-
pally tracts, upon the topics which enlisted his philanthro-
pic feelings. A Caution to Great Britain and her Colonies,
relative to enslaved Negroes in the Brit. Dominions, 1767,
8vo. Some Historical Account of Guinea, with an enquiry
into the rise and progress of the Slave Trade, its nature,
and lamentable cll'ects, Lon., 1772, Svo. A Short Account
of the Religious Society of Friemis, [of which sect Mr. B.
was an exemplary member,] 1780.
"The writings of'this distinguished philanthropist first awak-
ened the attention of Clarkson and Wilberforce to the subject of
the Slave Trade : — "
So true is it that
''Words are things: and a small drop of ink.
Falling, like dew, upon a thought, produces
That which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think."
Byron.
Benger, Elizabeth Ogilvy, 1778-1827, a native of
Wells in England, evinced a strong literary taste under
many discouragements. At the age of 13 she pub. The
Female Geniad ; a Poem, Lon., 1791, 4to. The Abolition
of the Slave Trade, a Poem, was pub. 1809, 4to. The
Heart and the Fancy ; or Valscnore; a Tale, 1813, 2 vols.
12mo. Klopstock and his Friends, 1S14, 2 vols. 12mo.
Memoirs, etc., of Mrs. Eliz. Hamilton, ISIS, 2 vols. Me-
moirs of Mary, Queen of Scots, Ac, 1822, Svo, 2 vols.
"Taken principally from Chalmers's Life of this unfortunate
Princess."
Memoirs of Elizabeth Stuart, 1825, 2 vols. p. Svo. She
also pub. A Life of Anne Boleyn, and Memoirs of John
Tobin.
" Her historical memoirs are of no value." — Lowndes.
"Works of the kind before us [Memoirs of Mrs. Eliz. Hamilton]
are excellently fitted to supply the defects in history, where a lead-
ing personage may not have his proper share of distinction, and
the result be much the s.ame as spoiling a drama by curtailing the
acts and speeches of the principal character." — Lon. Gent. Muff.
Benham, David. Genealogy of Christ, Lon.,1836,4to.
Benhani, Thomas. Medical Works, Lon., 1620 ?-30.
Benjamin, Park, was born I8U9, at Demerara. in
British Guiana, where his father, a merchant from New
England, resided for some years. In 1825 ho entered
Harvard College, which he left before the end of the second
year in consenuence of bad health. When restored to
health, he entered Washington College. Hartford, where
he graduated with the highest honours of his class in
1829. In 1830 he became a member of the Law School at
Cambridge, and in 1833 was admitted to the Connecticut
bar, and upon his removal to Boston soon after, to the
courts of Massachusetts. He has been connected edi-
torially with the American Monthly Magazine. The New
Yorker, <tc. Mr. Benjamin has given many pieces botli
in prose and verso to the world. With the exception of A
Poem on the Contemplation of Nature, read at the time of
his taking his degree. Poetry ; A Satire, 1S43, and Infatu-
ation ; A Satire, 1845, his productions are very short.
" Mr. Benjamin's Satires are lively, Jiointed. and free from ma.
lignity or licentiousness. In some of his shorter poems. Mr. Ben-
j.amiu has shown a quick perception of the ridiculous; in others,
warm affections and a meditative spirit: and in more, payety.
His poems are adorned with apposite and pretty liincies, and seem
generally to be expressive of .actual feelings. Some of his hu-
mourous pieces, as the Sonnet entitled Sport, are happily ex-
pressed, hut his style is generally more like that of an impi-o-
visator than an artist. He rarely makes use of the burnisher."—
GRis'ft'OLD: PoeU and Poftyy of America.
Wo refer the reader to The Nautilus, The Tired Hunter,
To One Beloved, and The Departed, as poems of exquisite
beauty.
We think, to quote the remark of George III. to Dr.
BEN
BEN
Johnson, that one who writes so well shnul.l write more, |
and favour the worhl with t^omcthini; of more imposing
pretension in the way of vohime. Whether it be that the
unhappy Joel Bnrluw's prodigious Culumliiod has fright-
ened all succeeding American poets, and deterred them
from venturing more than a few stanzas at a time, certain
it is that they have a curious fashion of " cutting" up
their gems *'inlo little stars."
Benjoin, George. Jonah, trans, from the original,
&c., Lon., 179G, 4to.
" In little cstiuialion." — Lowndes.
" This is lint a work of c;reat value, as the reader will believe,
whi-n h<.- is t'lld that the author attempts ' trO convince the woi-ld
th:it thf pnsiiit oriirinal text is in its primary perfection.* The
att*^mpt and the translation are equally a Ciilure for any important
purposf." — Orme.
See Brit. Crit.. vol. x. The Integrity and Excellence of
Scripture, .tc. 1797, Svo.
Benlowe, Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to.
Bcnlowes, See Bendlowes.
Benn, William, 1600-16S0, a Nonconformist clergy-
man, was educated at Queen's College, O.xford. Answer
to Fras. Bampficld, Lon., 1672, Svo. Sermons on the
Soul's Prosperity, IfiSS. Svo.
'• In the course of his ministry he expounded the Scripture all
over, and half over ajrain. haviai; had an excellent faculty in the
clear and solid interpretin-j; of it." — Woop.
Bennet, A. Experiments on Electricity, <tc., Lou.,
1789. 8vo.
Beunet, A. Jesus, the Son of Joseph. A Sermon,
1807. Svo.
Bennet, Mrs. A. M., d. 1808. authoress of a numher
of Novels. &.C., puh. 1785-1816. Agnes De Courci, a Do-
mestic Tale, 4 vols., 1797, 8vo.
" As a well- wrought story, it is entitled to pai-ticular regard.
The inventive fiiciilty of the authoress is not to be disputed : but
chnractt-r, that ^rreat. that almost indispensable, requisite in all
BUch performances as the present, is seldom to be found in it." —
Lon. Mnnlhlii Rfview.
Bennet, Benjamin, 1674-1726. an eminent Preshy-
terian minister, pult. amt)ng other works. A Memorial of
the Ref<n-mation, Tjon., 1717, Svo, and a Defence of the
same. 172/i. Svo. This work gives the views of the author
upon The Reformation and Church History of England to
the year 1719. Irenieum; a work on the Trinity, Lon.,
1722, Svo. This work produced a great sensation, and its
influence was considerable.
Christian Oratory, or The Devotions of the Closet dis-
played, 2 vols. Svo, 1728. Many editions. It was abridged
hy Mr. Palmer in 1 vtd. 8vo.
"A very spiiitual and devotional work, that may be read more
than once with advantaire." — Bickersteto.
" Plain, serious, and practical, but sometimes flat, his Christian
Oratory is almost his only pi>"ce which had been better if some of
the instances had been avr>i(t._'d, and the plan more fully completed
in a single volume." — BopDr-iPGE.
'■The title would mislead ns as to the nature of the contents,
the word nratory beint; used in the sense of a place for meditation
and prayer."
Fourteen Sermons on the Inspiration of the Holy Scrip-
tures, 1730, Svo.
" This book should have a distinguished place in the library of
every theolofrical student, fir few books of its size contain a more
abundant treasure of divine doctrine." — BoouE.
Bennet, Christopher, 1617-1655. an English phy-
Bician, was educaterl at Lincoln College, Oxford. He cor-
rected and enlarged Dr. Moufet's Health Improvement,
Lon., 1655, 4to, and puh. a medical treatise in Latin, under
the name of Benedictus, entitled Theatri Talndorum Vesti-
bulum seu Excercitationes Dianoetica?, &q., Lon., 1654,
4to. He left several Latin works in manuscript.
Bennet, Georj^e, at one time a Dissenting minister,
subsequently in the Church of Scotland. lie puh. a work
against "a pretence of Reform," Lon., 1796, 8vo; also
01am Haneshemoth, or a View of the Intermediate State,
as it appears in the Records of the Old and New Testa-
ments, the Apocryphal Books, in Heathen Authors, the
Greek and Latin Fathers. Lon., 1801, Svo.
"It is a work of various erudition and deep research. And a
reader must be very learned who finds not much in it to instruct
him: very dull, if he is not deliichted with the inpenuity that is
displayed even in those parts in which he may see reason to doubt
the solidity of the author's argument, and the truth of his inter-
pretations: and very captious, if, in a variety of novel expositions,
many of which he may think inadmissible, he finds any thing to
give him offence." — Ktsuor Horslev.
Also commended by Orme.
Bennet, H, Treasury of Wit : being a methodical
Selection of about twelve hundred, of the best. Apophthegms
and Jests ; from Books in several Languages, 2 vols. 12mo,
Lon.. 1786.
Bennet, Henry, Trans, of a Life of Luther, Ac,
Lon., 1561, Svo.
Bennet, Henry, EaH of Arlington, 1618-1685. Let-
ters to Sir Wm. Temple, 1665-70, Lun., 1701, 2 vols. Svo.
Bennet, Hon. Henry Grey. Letter to the Com-
mon Council of London. 1818. Con. to Trans. Geol. Sue,
ISn. '14.
Bennet, James. Star of the West, Lon., 1813, 12mo.
In conjunction with David Bogue. History of the Dissent-
ers, 1689-180S, 3 vols. Svo, 1809; 1812 in 4 vols., and
since in 2 vols.
" A bias in favour of Dissenters, and bitter against Churchmen."
— BiCKERSTETfi.
Bennet, James, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Bennet, John. Madriganstof<ivre Voyces, Lon., 1599.
Bennet, John. Essay on Trade, Ac, Lon., 1736, Svo.
Bennet, John. Poems. 1774. Svo.
Bennet, John. Thcolog. and other works, 1780-87.
Bennet, Jnles. The Letters of John Calvin, com-
piled frimi the Original Manuscripts, with an Introduction
and Historical Notes, 4 vols. Svo.
'■ This collection is the fruit of five years of assiduous labor and
resoarch in the libraries of France, tJermany, and Switzei'land. and
will contain about 500 letters which have never before been pub-
lished. The editor has spared no pains in rendering as complete
as possible a collection %vhich cannot fail to cast a flood of li^ht
upon the jrreat leligious revolution of the sLxteenth century."
Bennet, Philip. Sermons, 1745, '49, Svo.
Bennet, R. Sermons, 1769, '76, Svo.
Bennet, Robert, d. 1687, a Nonconformist divine,
puh. A Theological Concordance of the Synonymous Words
in Scripture, 1657, Svo.
" An excellent work."
Bennet, Sol, The Constancy of Israel, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Bennet, T., M.D. Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1734, Svo.
Bennet, Thomas, 1673-172S, an eminent divine of
the Church of England, was admitted to St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge, in 1688. He pub. many theological
works, 1700-26, upon the sacraments, schism, liturgies,
and against Roman Catholic and Quaker doctrines. We
give the titles of a few of his works. Discourses on Schism,
showing that schism is a damnable sin, <fec., Lou.. 1700,
Svo. A Confutation of Popery, in three parts. Camb.,
1701, Svo. A Confutation of Quakerism, Camb., 1705, Svo.
A Brief History of the joint use of precomposed set Forms
of Prayer, Camb., 170S, Svo. This work excited consider-
able controversy, in which Benj. Robinson and T. Bowlett
took part. A Paraphrase with Annotations upon the Book
of Common Prayer, &e., Lon., 1708, Svo. Essay on the
39 Articles, with a Prefatory Epistle to Anthony Collins,
Esq., Lon. 1718, Svo. Collins had pub. in 1710, a tract
entitled Priestcraft in Perfection, respecting the 20th Ar-
ticle of the Church of England. It appeared in 1724 with
additions, as an Essay on the 39 Articles.
*• Dr. Bennet was perhaps too ready to enj^age in the debates of
his time upon questions of divinity, which led him sometimes into
dithculties, obli^ied him to have recourse to distinctions and refine-
ments which would not always bear examination, and laid him
open to the attacks of his adversaries." — Chalmers's Bviy. Diet.
Bennet, or Bennett, Thomas. 12 Lectures on
the Apostles' Creed. Lon., 1755. Svo.
Bennet, VV. H. Court of Cluincery, Lon., 1834, Svo.
Bennet, WiUiam. On the Teeth, Ac, Lon., 1778, 12mo.
Bennet, William, Theolog. Works, 1780-1813.
Bennett, Emerson, h. 1822 in Mass., an American
Novelist. Bandits of the Osage; Ella Barnwell; Mike
Fink ; Kate Clarendon ; Forged Will ; Prairie Flower ;
Leni Leoti ; Forest Rose; League of the Miami; Clara
Morland, Ac.
'' Mr. Uennett is a novelist of und-nibt.-d ability." — T. S. Arthde.
Bennett, G.J. Albanian- ;itid nilior Poems, Svo. Pe-
destrian's Guide through Nortii ^Vak■s, 1 S37, Lon.. 183S,Svo.
'■ This is a beautiful work — as delijihtful a one as we have met
with for many years. It abounds with sketches, admirably exe-
cuted, of many of those charming vales and mountains in the
beautiful country of which it treats, and affords us. also, speci-
mens of the national airs of Wales, nivinp us the music of them
as well as the words. It is a book of travels, written with a poet's
love of natuie. and a humori!=t's cheerfulness."' — Court Journal,
Bennett, James. Theolog. Works, 1828^6.
Bennett, John Hughes, Prof, of Clinical Med.
University of Edinburgh. On Cancerous and Cancroid
Growths, Lon., Svo. Diseases of the Uterus, Svo. Cod
Liver Oil in Gout, A;c., Svo. Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
'■ His whole volume is so replete? with valuable matter, that W9
feel bound to recommend our readers, one aud all, to peruse it."—
Lon. Ltnicd.
Leucocythenia, or White-Cell Blood, Svo. Lectures on
Clinical Medicine, Svo.
Bennett, VVm. J. E. Theolog. Works, 1S3S-52.
Bennion, John. .Sermon. Oxon., 1681, 4to.
Benoit, or Benedict, De Saiute Maur, who
flourished about 1180. was a troubadour, patronized hy
Henry II., by whose direction, according to Robert Wace,
165
BEN
he composed his metrical history of the DuIies of Nor-
mandy. This chroiiicle, which extends to thirty thou-
sand lines. , a 1 . e '
'• Begins with a brief sketch of the cosmosraphicil doctrines ol
the a"e, which leads to the account of the origin of the Normans
and their first piratical vovai-es, and the history is continued to
the death of Henrv !■ The larger portion is a mere paraphr.ise of
the Uitin histories by Dudo of St. Quintin's. and William of Ju-
mi^i'es, with some slight additions of matter not found in those
authorities: but it is inferior as a historical document and as a
literary composition to the similar worli of W ace. which appears
from the first to have enjoyed a greater degree of popularity. — j
Wriqht. ,. ,
" This old French poem is full of febulous and romantic mat-
ter."— Wurtim's HisUirij nf English Btetry. 1
But it has been remarked that if Vfc compare this author j
with the Norman historians who preceded him. we shall
find his statements to he in accordance witli theirs. The
Chronicle was pub. by Michel. Paris, 1836-38, and '44.
The MS. from which it was printed is preserved in the
Brit. Museum, Ilarlei.an Collection. No. 1717. There is
also a MS. in the library of Tours in France.
Benoifs other great poem, which probably preceded the
Chronicle, was his metrical romance of the History of
'■ Chiefly a paraphrase of the supposititious history of the Phry-
cian Dares, with some additions from the similar work published
under the name ofDiclys; but the Angl.>.Nornian trouvere. faith-
ful to the taste of his age. has turned the lirecian ami Trojan heroes
into medieval knights and barons. ... It contains nearly tliirty
thousand lines. It is a heavy and dull pncm, and possesses little
interest at the present day : although it abounds in those repeated
descriptions of warfare which constituted the great beauty of such
productions in the twelfth century."— WV'S'f.
There is a complete MS. of the Roman do Troye in the
Harleian Collection, No. 44S2. A MS. is in the Library
of St. Mark at Venice, extracts from which are printed by
Keller, in his Romvart, p. 86.
These are the only works known to have liecn written
by Benoit. Tyrwhitt ascribes to him a Life of Becket, in i
Anglo-Norman verse, hut M. de la Rue and Mr. Wright
decide this to be the production of a later Benoit. M. de
la Rue believed him to be the antlior of a soug on the
Crusade, at the end of the ILarleian MS. containing bis
chronicle. But the learned Mr. Thomas \Yright proves
this opinion to be erroneous.
Beiise, Peter. Anglo-diaphora Trium Linguarum
Gall., Itnl., et Hispah. Ac, 0.\f., lfi.17. Svo.
Benson, Miss. 1. The Wile. 2. The Contrast, 1810-15.
Benson, Christopher, Preb. of Worcester. Chro-
nology of our Saviour's Life, Ac, Camb., LSI 9, ,8vo. Hul-
sean°Lectures for 1820. Twenty Discourses preached be-
fore the University of Cambridge. Camb., 1820, Svo. Of
these much-esteemed discourses many editions have been
published. Hulsean Lectures for 1 822. On Scripture Dif-
ficulties; Twenty Discourses, Camb., 1822, Svo,2dcd., 1S25.
'■ The proofs and duties of Christianity have been enforced by
Mr. Benson with a power, an earnest n.'ss. and an unction, which
they who heiird the preacher will be thankful f t while they live;
and which in the perusal must t.i ev.ry hciltlilnl loiiid commu-
nicate s.atisfaction, profit, and d.-light ; and may carry healing and
comfort to the diseased one."— ion. Qimrlnhj Rrriew.
Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24, 25, [Trinity House, Dcptford,]
Lon., 1826, 4to. Discourses upon Tradition and Episco-
pacy, preached at the Temple Church. 2d ed., Lon., 1839,
Svo. Discourses upon the powers of the Clergy, Prayers
for the Dead, and the Lord's Supper, preached at the Tem-
ple Cliurch, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Benson, G. Oaths and Swearing, 1699, 4to.
Benson, George, D.D., 1699-1763, an English Dis-
senting minister of considerable learning, a native of Cum-
berland, England, studied at the University of Glasgow.
He was the author of a number of theological works, pub.
172.5-61. We notice some of the principal. A Paraphrase
and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians,
Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, and the seven Catholic
Epistles of Peter, .James, and .John, Lon., 1734, 4to ; best
edit. 2 vols. 4to, 1752-56. This was preceded by a Speci-
men, being a Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistle to Phi-
lemon, 1731, 4to. The work is on the plan pursued by
John Locke, of making St. Paul his own eNpositor by illus-
trative references to various portions of his writings. It
has been highly commended.
" Locke. Pierce, and Benson make up a complete commentary on
the Epistles; and are. indeed, .all in the number of the most inge-
nious commentators I have ever read. They plainly thou..;ht very
closely, and attended much to cimnection. which they have often
set in a most clear view. But they all err in t..o ..-ivat a fondness
for new interpretations, and in supposing tb.> ii.-si'_'o of t lie apostles
less general than it seems to have been. It iiuist be allowed that
Benson illustrates the spirit of Paul sometimes in an admir,ablo
manner, even beyond any foi-mer writer. See especially his Epis-
tle to I'hilemon."" — Da. DoDDRine.K.
'■ This work is a continuation of Locke's attempt to illustrate the
166
BEN
EnisUes. and. with Pierce's work, completes the design. Benson
pos.Srsed considerable learning, but no great portion of genius.
He was certainlv inferior in taste and acumen to his two coadju-
nrs but still "his labours are entitled to respect, !^ome of his
essays, inserted in the commentaries, contain iiiiport.^nt mfornia^
ti.mon the points on which they treat. Ills theological sen ments
were Arim verging to Soclutin ; on this account all his writings
to be read with caution. His Paraphrase on Jiiuies was
require
Sb^'SuuSuC" ^HaS:^ iTJfr Ti;; 'i^.i:,^ln,My<^ol.
the labours of Locke. Pierce, and Benson, and mentions with re-
spect many others of the British commentaries. To this Latin ver-
sioii Slichaelis hHS added many valuable notesof his own."-OEME.
■ History of the First Planting of Christianity, taken Irom
the Acts "of the Apostles and their Epistles, 173o, 2 vols.
4to: best edit, 1756, 3 vols. 4to.
■■ Thou.'h this work does not profess to be a harmony of the Acts
of the Apostles and of the Epistles, it may justly be considered as
one BeSes illustrating the histoi-j- of the Acts, throughout, and
most of the Epistles, by a view of the history of the times, the
occ.asions of the several Epistle.s, and the state of the churches to
which they were addressed, the learned author has incorporatai a
piraphi astical abstract of these Kpistt
■der of time when
truth of the Chris-
in the
thev'were written: and has. al.so c'stablisbed the . » j
tian religion on a numberof facts, the most public, important and
icoiite table. It is. indeed, a most valuable help to he study of
Jhe Epistles: but it is to be regretted that its scarcity renders it
flcopQ^ilile to few " — T II. IIorne. .
■' Though but "a dull book, it is full of important in.atter, and is
of great service in explaining many parts of the book of Acts. It
displays very considerable research, a great portion of candour, and
an accurate acquaintance with the tacts ot the .Tewish and Roman
history which relate to the Christians during the first age of Chns-
tianity."- Orme. . _ ,. . . t
The Reasonableness of the Christian Religion, &e., Lon.,
1743 Svo and 1746, 4to, and 3d ed., 1759, 2 vols. This is
an answer to Dodwell's pamphlet. Christianity not founded
in Argument, Lon.. 1742, Svo. Doddridge, Lcland, Mole,
Cookscy. and others also answered Dodwell. Bishop W at-
son reiuarks of Benson's reply :
'■ The author not onlv advances many arguments m proof of the
truth of the Chiistiaii jteligion. but obvi.ates in a familiar way the
chief (ibiections of the .\nti-ievelationlsts." _ ,.„,,.
The History of the Life of Jesus Christ, Ac, 1764, 4to.
'■ In this woi'k Dr. Benson discovers much attention to many
minute particulars in the history of .lesus, but the principles of
his creed prevented him from doing justice to his subject. Ihe
work is divided into fifteen chapters, and is accompanied with an
appendix containing seven dissertations."— Orme.
This work was left in an incomplete state. bee Lon.
Congregational Magazine for July, 1833. ^ ^
Benson, Joseph, 174S-1S21. was a Methodist minis-
ter of considerable note. He edited a Commentary on the
Scriptures, embodying the views of mony Bililieal critics,
among whom Jolin Wesley occupies a prominent place.
This work was pub. in 5 vols. 4to, Lon., 1811-18; several
subsequent editions. ,, j c ■
" An elaborate and very useful commentary on the sacred Scrip-
tures, which (independently of its practical tendency) possesses
the merit of compressing into a comparatively small compass the
substance of what the piety and learning of tbrmer ages bave ad-
vanced, in order to facilitate the study of the Bible. Its l.ite
learned author was particularly <Ii-'""^"''-bed, for his cr leal and
exact acquaintance with the lir.-,k IcMaiieut. -1. II. HoRNE.
This commentary, partieuhirly inteiiaed for tamily use,
was pub. under the direction and patronage of the Me-
thodist Conference. Mr. B. pub. Sermons, 1,91), 91, 9b,
isnn, Ac. A Defence of the Methodists, 1|93, 12mo. A
farther Defence. Ac, 1794, 12mo. A Vindication oi the
Methodists, 1800, Svo. An Apology for the Methodists,
1801, 12mo.
"This publication is apparently written with much candour,
and it affords, notwithstanding the mysticism which there may be
among them, and which may appear in this book, a very fivoui-
able view of those people whose cause it intends to plead ine
work is well worthy of perusal."—/.™. MmilMii Kmew.
Remarks on Dr. Priestley's System. A \ indication oi
Christ's Divinity. After Mr. B.'s decease there was pub.
Sermons and Plans of Sermons on important Texts of Holy
."Scripture, Lon., 1825-27, Svo; 6 parts in 3 vols. Svo: 262
Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 3 vols. Svo, 1831; 219
Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 2 vols. Svo, 1S31.
■^ The Plans are hlL'hlv creditable to the piety and talents of tha
writer; and while they "serve as a v.aluable aid to the young Min-
ister of the Gospel, are suited generally to instruct and impioye,
to inform the understanding, and to aCtect the heart. —UiriMtm
Olisrn-er. . , . i.. i ,
Mr Benson has been warmly praised in high quarters .
■■ A sound scholar, a powerful and able preacher, and a protound
theologian."— Dr. Apam Clarke.
" II(" seems like a messenger sent from the other worid to call
men to aci'ouut."— liEV. E. Cecil. . . j ,,.i.. „.i,i„i,
•■ His fnrle did notlie in that finished .and sustained style, which,
however bc.-iutiful and attractive it may sonietiiues be. has a ten-
dency to pall upon the ear: he had little of tic^ro. and less of
Isocrates. in his composition; his eloquence was Dfiao.fWcinaii. —
Lon. Clirislnin nhserm: ^ a
Benson, Martin, d. 1752, Bi.«hop of Gloucester Ser-
mon before the House of Lords, 1738. Sermons, li 36-40.
BEN
Benson, Martin, of Tunl>ri<lge "Wells. Ser., 1794, &c.
Benson, Richard. Momi, &c., Dubl., 1SI5, 8vo.
Benson, Robert. Sketches of Corsica, &c., Lon.,
182j, Svo. Pna.sed by Scott in his Life of Niipuleou.
Benson, Thomas. Vocabuluhum Auglo-Suxonicum,
iroi.
Benson, William, 16S2-17o4, commonly known as
Auditor (of the Imprest) Benson, was the son of Sir Wil-
liam, formerly Sheriff uf London, llis- first publication
was a letter to Sir Jacob Banks upon the Miseries of Swe-
den after her submission to arbitrary power. Of this letter
100,000oopies were sold in the English language and trans-
lations. In 1724 he pub. Virgil's Husbandry, with notes;
and in 1739 Letters concerning poetical trunt«lations and
Virgil's and Milton's arts of verse. In 1740 appeared an
edition of Arthur Johnston's Psulms, with a Prefatory dis-
course ; and :i criticism on this preface in 1741. In a sup-
plement to this essay he drew a comparison between John-
ston and Buchanan, giving the preference to the former.
This drew forth an unanswerable defence of Buchanan
from the celebrated Ruddiman. His admiration for Milton
and Johnson is alluded to by Pope in the Dunciad:
" On two unequal crutches propt he ciiuie,
Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's name."
Pope's indignatiim, and that of the country at large, was
excited by the appointment of Benson to the post of sur-
veyor-general in 171?*, in place of Sir Christopher Wren,
removed. Dr. Warton, in his notes on Pupe, considers that
he has treated our author with too much severity :
" Benson is here spokt-n of too contemptuously. He translated
faithfully, if not very poetically, the second book of the Georgics,
with useful notes; be printed elegant editions of Johnston's
psalms; he wi-ote a discourse on versification: In- n-siui'd his
country from the dis:^i;tri' of hnving no monuuicnl r'lLTinl to Ih.'
memory of Miiton in W L'stminster Abbey; hr .iii i nn n-i d and
urged Pitt to translate thi- J-;iieid ; and he gave I)ol,so!] Clotiii fur
his Latin translation of Paradise Lost."
Towards the close of his life he evinced an unconquer-
able aversion to books, and passed his last days in retire-
ment at his house in Wimbledon. The Rev. Francis Peck
dedicated to our author his Memoirs of Cromwell:
'• Mr. Benson (I dedicate to) is the same gentleman you mention,
and a gentleman. I assure you. of exceeding good sense, and
learning, and candour. For my part, I do not see how Westmin-
ster Abbey is profaned by a Cenotaph in honour of Milton, consi-
dered only as a poet. Ilis politicks 1 have nothing to say to. You
or I may write of Milton and Cronnvell. and still think as we
please." — Mr. rccJc to Dr. Gre>/, Dec. 15, 1739. See Nichols's Lite- I
rary Anecdotes, and Ppence's Anecdotes.
Benson, William, of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Ob-
servations on the Impropriety of interfering with the In-
ternal Policy of other States. In a Letter addressed to
The Rt. Hon. Henry Addington, &c., Lou., 1S02, 8vu.
" A censure on the conduct of om" news-papers for their abnse
of the chief Consul of France; eked out with the fag end of an
old sermon, in which the minister is instructed in the nature of
baptism, and on other points with wliich Mr, Benson (we hope) is
better acquainted than with politics.'" — Lfm. MonUily Ihvicw.
Bensted, John. Resources of the Brit. Empire, 1812.
Bent, J. Life and DeathofLd. Jeffries, Lon., 1693, Svo.
Bent, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1774.
Bent, Thomas. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1^98.
Bent, William. Lists of Publications, Slc, Lon.,
17119. <tc.
Bentham, Edward, D.D., 1707-1776, a learned di-
vine of the Cluiroli of England, was educated at Corpus
Christi C<.tllcgc, Oxford ; became vice-presi<lent of Mag-
dalen Hall, and Fellow of Oriel College; Prebendary of
Hereford, 1743; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and
Regius professor of divinity, 1763. He pub. occasional
Bermons, 1722, '44, '50, '72. An Introduction to Moral
Philosophy, 1745, 8vo. Advice to a Young Man of Rank
upon coming to the University. Reflections upon Logic.
Funeral Eulogies upon Military Men, in the original
Greek, with Notes. Reflections upon the Study of Divi-
nity, Svo, 1771. An Introduction to Logic, 1773, Svo.
De Tumultibus Americanus, deque eorum Concitatoribus
Seuilis Mcditatio, etc. This last work was occasioned by
some members of Parliament having censured the Uni-
versity of Oxford for addressing the king in favour of the
American war.
"Even death itself found him engaged in the same laborious
application which he had always directed to the glory of the Su-
preme Being, and the benefit of mankind; and it was not till he
was absolutely forbidden by his physicians, that he gave over a
particular course of reading that had be-.-n undertaken by him
with a view of making remarks on Mr. (Jiblifurs Itoman History."
"Bentham's Kefleotions upon the .Study of Divinity contain
many judicious observations: the heads of lectui'es exhibit, per-
haps, as complete a plan of theological studies as was ever deli-
vered."— Lowndes.
Bentham, James, 1709 ?-1794. brother to the above,
also a divine of the Church of England, was educated at
BEN
Trinity College, Cambridge. He pub. Queries to the In-
habitants of Ely, 1757. Considerations, A-c. on the State
of the Fens near Ely, Camb.. 1778, Svo. Essays on
Gothic Architecture, in conjunction with Messrs. AVarton,
Grosse, and Milner, pub. ISOO, Svo. But Mr. Bentham's
principal work is the History and Antiquities of the Con-
ventual and Cathedral Church of Ely, 673-1771, Camb.,
1771, royal 4to. This work, pub, at eighteen shillings,
and said to be the cheapest work ever published, had
reached the price of 12 to 14 guineas before the publiea-
tion of the 2d edit., 1812, imp. 4to, and 25 copies on ele-
phant paper. William Stevenson pub., in 1817, a supple-
ment to the first, and also one to the second, edition.
" The knowledge of ancient architecture displayed in Hentham's
work far exceeded all that had been before written on that subject.
The Cathedral of Ely furnished him with examples of almost
every variety of style from the t*axon era to the Kefoiniation.
The charactt-ristic ornaments of each were carefully studied by
him; and his numerous quotations from ancient authors pnno
his diligence in historical research. In this work was first Iirnuuht
forward the presumed origin of the pointed arch, the chief feature
of the tiothii- style, on which the whole style seemed to have I'een
formed. This kind of arch Bentham supposed might have lieen
derived from the intersection of two semi-circular arches, smh as
are seen on the walls of some buildings erected soon after the
Norman Comiuest. Br. Slilner, the historian of Winchester, has
since adopted this hypothesis, and supported it with a degree of
le;irned ingenuity which has given it much celebrity."
The poet Gray has been improperly credited with " the
architectural part of the History of Ely Cathedral." See
Dr. Milner's error on this f^ubject, (in article Gothic Archi-
trrtiur, In Rees's Cyelopiedia,) corrected in the Memoirs of
Bentham, prefixed to the new edit. (1812) of the History.
To this History the eminent antiquary, Rev. W. Cole of
MiTtcii, and Dr. Bentham's brother, were considerable con-
tvilmltirs. James Bentham, the son of the author, was
the editor of the 2d edition. As the author commenced
his history from his father's collections, we have here the
pleasing spectacle of three generations being employed
on the same work.
" It is probable that Mr. Bentham was determined to the pursuit
of ecclesiastical antitiuities by the eminent example of Bishop
Tanner, (a prebendai-y of the same stall which Mr. B. afterwards
held.) who had honoured the family with many marks of his
kindness and friendship."
See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes ; Gorton's Biog.
Diet.; Chalmers's do.; Memoirs prefixed to the Hist, of
Ely, 1812 ; Notes on Mem. in Suppl. to Hist., 1817.
Bentham, Jeremy, 1747-18;i2, was a native of Lon-
don, where his father and grandfather were attorneys.
He was so remarkable for an early love of books, that at
the age of five years he bad acquired among the members
of the family the name of " the philosctpher." He was ad-
mitted in his 14th year of Queen's College, Oxford, where
he at once became distinguished among his fellow stu-
dents. After attending the celebrated Vinerian Lectures
of Sir AViUiam Blackstone, he was called to the Bar about
1772, but soon abandoned the profession from disgust at
the unjust charges to suitors, and other corruptions which
he found existing in the machinery of law. Mr. Bentham
visited Paris on three different occasions prior to the com-
mencement of the French Rcvolutirm. In the second of
these visits he became acquainted with the eelebrated
Brissot de Warville, who has left a grai^hic sketch of the
character of bis friend. A still more important event was
his introduction to M. Dumont. the Marquis of Lans-
downe's Swiss librarian, then residing at Bowood. The
literary assistance of this gentleman in amending and
polishing his friend's composition, was invaluable. The
great object of Mr. Bentham's life was the improvement
of legislation and jurisprudence, and the advocacy of the
principle of utility as the criterion of right and wrong.
"■ In the phi-ase ' the greatest hap]>iness of the greatest uimiber,'
I then saw delineated for the first time [in I'riestleys pamphlet] a
plain, as well as a true, standard for whatever is right or wrong,
useful, useless, or mischievous in human conduct, whether in the
field of morals or politics."
But the questions immediately occur — AVhat is to be the
definition of the greatest happiness ? Is it happiness for
time or for eternity that should be man's great object?
Do not men's actions continually prove thiit, unassisted
by Revelation, they are equally incapable of judging what
is* their true happiness, and of pursuing it when known ?
If a supposed utility, rather than a fixed principle, is to
direct action, men must judge what utility is, and there
may be as many opinions as there are judges; — all cannot
be right, and all may be wrong; but obedience to the re-
vealed will of God must in all cases be safe and profitable.
Is it to be supposed, then, that the Supreme Being has left
his creatures under the constant necet^ity of action, and
has given them no means save their own wild conjectures,
BEN
BEN
of ascertaining either what will please their Creator, or
promote their own happiness ? Nothing, indeed, more
conclusively proves the necessity of a Revelation, than the
crude conjectures and childish fallacies, the baseless pre-
mises and lame and impotent conclusions, of philosophi-
cal and moral speculators, from Socrates to Voltaire, from
Zeno to Bentham. Jonathan Dym<:iDd, with the simple
Word of God as his weapon, can discomfit a host of such
"philosophers, "and put "to flight all the armies of the alien."
Mr. Bentham's first publication was A Fragment on
Government ; being an Examination of what is delivered
on the Subject in Blaekstone's Commentaries, Lou.. 1776,
8vo. This work, he tells us, was prompted by *'a passion
for improvement in those shapes in whith the lot of man
is meliorated by it." Thiswas published anonymously. The
Lon. Monthly Review indignantly remonstrated upon the
writer's treatment of Blackstone :
'- We cannot avoid expressing our disj^ust at the severity with
which the justly admired Commentator is treated in the critique
now before us. In order to conv ict him of obscurity and inaccuracy,
this unimi/mous Writer has taken much pains — it must be owned,
with some ingenuity — to analyze those passatjcs in the introduc-
tion to his work which treat of the subject of Government in g,ene-
ral : and has scrutinized every word and idea with a deirree of
rigour, which few even of the most admired writers would be able
to endure. ... In wbat the author advances concerning the Bri-
tish constitution, he controverts, with a mixture of ariiument and
raillery, many popular opinions; with what success we shall not at
present undertake to di^termine."
His View of the Hard Labour Bill appeared in 1778,
and the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 17S0. The
Defence of Usury was pub. in 17S7.
" If we mistake not, this tract will furnish Rround for many
ample discussions, that will, we hope, terminate in the emancipat-
ing the human mind from many great errors that capitally in-
fluence the business of human life. . . . Vi'e view it as a pclitical
gem of the finest water, that requii*es only to be examined with
attention in order to be admired." — Lon. Monthb/ Rpview.
" A work unanswered and unanswerable ; and not less admira-
bly reasoned than happily expressed." — Elinburgh Ri'venK
"Perhaps the best specimen of the exhaustive discussion of a
moral or political question, leaving no objection, however feeble,
unanswered, and no difficulty, however small, unexplained: re-
markable, also, for Ihi;' clearness and spiiit "f the style, for the full
exposition whicb suits them to all iiitrllij-.nt readers, for the ten-
der and skilful hand with which prrjuiiii-c is touched, and for the
urbanity of his admirable apology for projectors," — Sir James
Mackintosh.
The Principles of Morals and Legislation was pub. in
1789, (printed in 1780.) and in the next year he communi-
cated a plan of making convicts useful, in his Panopticon,
or the Inspection House. Two years later he puli. Truth
versus Ashurst, Ac, and in 1795 Supply without Burthen,
or Escheat I'jVe Taxation ; to which he prefixed his Protest
against Law Taxes.
" It appears to us that this Kssay is a hasty and undigested per-
formance, and that it required mrire consideration than the author
has bestowed on it." — Lon. M-ndhhi Ririew.
The same periodical had remarked nf the Principles of
Morals and Legislation, that Mr. Bentham,
" Like many other men of great and comprehensive minds here
seems to haveeniraged in a pursuit too extensive, pfrbaps. for the
powers of any individual of the human race to execute with pre-
cision and propriety."
Mr. Bentham's principal work was first published in
French in 1802. It is entitled Traitosde Legislation Civile
et Penale ; precf'des de Principes Generaux de Legislation,
et d'une Vue d'un Corps complet de Droit: termincs par
un Essai sur I'influence des Terns et des Lieux relative-
ment anx Lois, Paris, an. x.. 1S02. This work was trans-
lated into French by M. Dumimt "d'aprt-s les Manuscrits
confi^s par I'Auteur." We shoxdd not omit to nntiee Mr.
R. Hildreth's translation of this work into Eugli.-<h. Boston,
2 vols. 12mo, 1840.
Other works of Bentham's are, A Plea for the Constitu-
tion, 1803. Scotch Reform Considered. 1808. Defence of
Economy against Burke, 1810-17. Ditto against Rose,
1810-17. Elements of the Art of Packing, 1810-21. Th^orie
des Peines et des Recompenses, redigee en Fran^ais par
Dumont. 1812.
" The law student cannot fail in being much deli'jhted with this
work ; it is a book replete with original and philosophical thoughts
and sound practical observations, conveyed in a manner of pecu-
liar force, and often in lansuatre of great novelty and appropriate-
ness; in fine- in a style not entin-ly Mr. Bentham's. but in his best
manner, with the exception of his F.ssay on I'sury, and his Frag-
ments on Government." — If'i(fiiit'n's Lpgal Study.
"Mr. Bentham has particularly and philosophically examined
the subject of punishment. His writings have been and will be
of great practical Wnefit to mankind. They will form the mine
wherein statesmen are to work for the ore that must be converted
to the usesof Leirislatinn. In practical legislation, in the laborious,
and, what to most men would be. the tjL^dious, scrutiny of existing
abuses, in the unwearied exposure of inconsistency in our laws,
and a daring without check, and before him without precedent, in
ufting their very foundations, and penetrating the most awful and
168
Tnysterious recesses of the temple of Justice, he stands perhaps
witfio'u' a rival among men." — Lon. KcbrMc L'eniw.
This treatise was trans, into English, under the follow-
ing titles; The Rationale of Reward, Lou., 1825, 8vo.
The Rationale of Punishment, Lon., 1829, Svo.
On the Law of Evidence, 1811^. Church of Englandisra
and its Catechism examined, 1818. Essai sur la Taetique
des Assemblees Polititiues, par Dumont, 181t). Swear not
at all, Ac, printed 18i;i. pub. 1817. Chrestomathia, 1817.
Codification Proposal. 1822. Traite des Preuvcs Judici-
aires, par Dumont. Paris. 1823. M. Dumont tells us that
this Treatise cost the author more labour than any other
of his works. The editor reduced to shape a mass of ma-
terials which had been accumulating for a long period.
Trans, into English, Lon., 1825, Svo. The Book of Falhv
cies from his unfinished papers, by a Friend, appealed in
1824. Rationale of Judicial Evidence, specially applied
to English, by Mr. Mill, from the author's MSS., 5 vols.
Svo, 1827.
" We could have wished the present editor had translated the
work out of the obscure involuted IJenthaniic dialect in which it
is written. A book more disgustingly affected, and so nearly un-
intelligible, it is not possiMe to produce in the English lantiuago.
It is a vast ami iim^t luxuriant forest of dis'iuisition and informa-
tion: a produiiinu wliii li has occupied a powerful, original, and
active mind, with little interruption, during a long and studious
life." — American S/nithem Kevifw.
We have not thought it necessary, in our limited space,
to give the titles of all the publications of this voluminous
author. Among the last pieces of the two years preceding
his death were. The 1st vol. of a Constitutiimal Code; Offi-
cial Aptitude MaxiuiizL'd; Expense Minimized; Justice
and Codification Petitions; Letter to his French Fellow-
Citizens; Letter to the French Chamber of Peers, and Re-
marks on the Bankruptcy Bill. An edition of his works
has been pub. in 11 vols. 8vo. Edin., 1S43, edited by Dr.
Bowring, with an introduction by J. H. Burton, Esq. We
shall now proceed to give some opinions on our celebrated
author and his productions. We make a brief extract from
Brissot's celebrated sketch :
'■Candour in the countenance, mildness in the looks, serenity
upon the brow, calmness in the language, coolness in the move-
ments. imi>erturbability united with the keenest feeling: such are
his qualities. . . . "When he had exaniinedall these wrecks of Gothic
Law. and collected his materials, he applied himself to the con-
struction of a systematic plan of civil and criminal law, founded
entirely upon reason, and having for its object the happiness of
the human race.''
Dr. Parr, a small man with a great name — a man ridicu-
lously overrated — perhaps overpraises Bentham as much as
Bi.shop Butler overpraises Parr:
"Dr. Parr considered Jeremy Bentham as the wisest man of his
time, whose powerful and penetrating mind had anticipated the
improvements of coming ages, and who. on the all-important sub-
ject of Jurisprudence has discovered and collected knowledge,
which will scarcely find its way to the great mass of human intel-
lect, perhaps through the course of another century." — Field's Life
of Parr, vol. ii.. p. 203.
'■ In Jeremy Bentham the world has lost the great teacher and
patriot of his time: the man who. of all men who were living on
the day of his death, has exercised and is exercising over the for-
tunes of mankind the widest and most durable influence. . . . There
are some most important branches of the science of law which were
in a more wretched state than almost any of the others when he
took them in hand, and which he has so exhausted, that he seems
to have left nothing to be .sought by future inquirers; we mean
the departments of procedure, evidence, and the judicial establish-
ment.'"— Lovdiyti Extimiun:
The Traitcs de Legislation Civile et Penale was reviewed
at length by Lord Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review:
"The plan' which Mr. Bentham has chalked out for himself in
this undertJiking. is more vast and comprehensive, we believe, than
was ever ventured upon before by the .amldtion of any one indi-
vidual. It embraces almost every thing that is important in the
science of human nature, and not only touches upon .all the hit^her
questions of government and legislation, but includes most of the
abstract principles of ethic.s and metaphysics, and professes to de-
lineate those important rules by which the finest speculations of
philosophy m.ay be made to exert their infl uence on the act ual con-
dition of society. . . . NotwithstandingallthatM. Dumont has done
to render the work popular, we are afraid that it will have fewei
readers than it des,_*rves. Those who do read it. will .also dissent,
we should imagine, from many of the author's fnndament.al prin-
ciples; but they will infallibly be delighted with the sagacity and
independence which di>;tinguish all bis speculatinns. and will
look forward with impatience to the publication of his entire sys-
tem."—Vol, ii.. istu.
The reviewing of the Book of Fallacies, (pub. 1824,) fell
to the lot of the witty author of Peter Plymley's Letters.
We commend the criliiiuc to the attention of our readers-
Sydney Smith introduces the subject in his own arousing
style :
'' Whether it is necessary there should be a middleman between
the cultivator and possessor, learned economists doubted; but
neither gods, men, nnr booksellers can dnubt the necessity of a
middleman between Mr. Bentham and the public. Mr. Bentham
is long; Mr. Bentham is occasionally involved and obscure; Mr.
BEN"
BEN
Bentham invents new and alarming expressions; Mr. Bentham
loves division and subdivision — and he loves method itself, more
than its consequences. Those only, therefore, who know his ori;:i-
nality, his knowledge, his vigour, and his boldness, will recur to
the works themselves. The great mass of readers will not purchase
improvement at so dear a rate; but will choose rather to become
aciujiinti'd with Mr. Itentham through the Keviews — after that
eminent philsopherhas been washed, trimmed, shaved, and forced
into clean linen." — Jului. JRevieio, vol. xlii.. 1S25.
In the Papers relative to Codification were included the
author's correspondence with divers constituted authorities
in the United ritutcs of America, relative to the improve-
ment of their legislation:
"The UuiU'd ^^tates are still subject to the common law of Eng-
land, except so far as that law has been altered or repealed by
liritit^h or Americiin statutes. In the opinion of -Mr. Bentham, an
unwritten law must always be attended with great evils; and he
earnestly exhorts the Americans, in the place of it, to substitute
a written code. The gre*»ter part of what is addressed on this sub-
ject to America is immediately applicable to Kngland; and a matr
ter of greater or more increasing importance can hardly be presented
to our view. . . . What principally obstructs the circulation of Mr.
Bentham's writings, is the style in which they are composed. Un-
like most authors. Mr. Bentliam's first publications are. in point of
writing, the ui'ist perfect ; and long habit and frequent exercise.
insifud of improving his language, seem only to have rendered it
perijle\ed- nhseure, and uncouth." — iklin. Review, vol. xxis., 1S17.
The llati()nale of Judicial Evidence, (pub. 1827,) is very
freely reviewed iu the same periodical. The critic thus
concludes :
" As we have spoken plainly our real sentiments regarding the
flaws whirh strike across this great work a vein so deep and coarse
that there is scarce a page together which we have read with un-
miugled pleasure; we are bound to state with equal sincerity, that
We should have thought it impossible for any book upon a subject
with which we had liincied ourselves well acquainted, and which,
in our idiomatic form of it at least, we had been long conversant,
to have given us so many new ideas, and to have so completely
changed onr old ones." — Ibid., vol. xlviii.. IS'28.
The Theorie des Peines et des Recompenses, (pub. 1811,)
affords an opportunity for honourable mention of the author :
"Additional time for meditating upon the subject has only con-
firmed the conviction originally entertained, of the e.'Jsential services
rendered to the most important branch of legislation by this pi*o-
mulgation of Mr. Ilentham's doctrines." — IhkL, vol. xxii., 1813.
In a notice of Deontology, or the Science of Morality,
arrangetl by Dr. Buwring from the MS^^. of Mr. Bentham,
(pub. IS.'U,) the Edinburgh reviewer remarks,
"■Th.it thetiermans, the most accurate. learned, and philosophical
nation in Knrope. admit the merits of Mi-. Bentham as a juriscon-
sult, in bis ai)al\sis and classification of the mninial interests of
life; but their nu-taphysicians and nioi-alisfs agree, we believe,
without an exreption. in considering bis speculative philosophy as
undeserving eveu the pomp and ceremony of an argument." —
Vol. Ixi., 1^^5.
With respect to adverse criticism, Mr. Bentham pursued
a plan the adoption of which would save many poor au-
thors much mortification and chagrin ; he made it a rule
to read nothing against his theories.
Church of Englandismand its Catechism examined, (pub.
1818,) is severely rebuked in the Lon. Quarterly Review:
" It is fortunate that this book (as we have said) is not at all
attractive; it is too obscure to be generally understood, and too
ridiculous to be admired; and however misihievousthe intention,
the tendency will be very innoxious. Of its worst part, the inde-
cent levity with which all that is sacred is treated in it, we have
not spoken. These offences must be answered for at a higher tri-
bunal; but we would seriously recommend it to the author to
consider whether the decline of life cannot be better spent than in
captiously cavilling at the doctrines of religion, and in profane ri-
dicule of its most holy rites." — Vol. xsJ..lS19.
Rev. 11. J. Rose pub. A Critical Examination of those
parts of Bentham's work which relate to the Sacraments
and Church Catechism, Lon., 1819, 8vo.
A notice of Chresturaathia, a work upon education, Ac,
(pub. 1817,) will be found in the Monthly Review, vol. sc,
1819:
*'In the present treatise, a.«; in all the works of Mr. Bentham,
the reader will discover much originality of thought; for the au-
thor never sits down to examine any of the objects of intellectual
pursuit without illuminating them by the rays of his own en-
lightened understanding, Mr. Bentham has long been a daring
innovator in the use of words ; and he scatters his new terms over
his page ' thick as autumnal leaves that strew the brooks in Val-
lombrosa.' "
Bentham's Theory of Legislation translated into English
by R. Ilildrcth, (see ante,) was reviewed by Mr. W. Phil-
lips in the North American Review, vol. li., 384-:
" Mr. Bentham's political speculations are not without theoreti-
cal distortions; but he is not very Utopian, he does not write of
perfect commonwealths, founded upon a state of manners, morals,
and intelligence, of rights and obligations, that have been out of
Totrue ever since the golden age. lie takes mankind as he finds
them, with their passions, views, depravity, and blind prejudices;
and sometimes reminds his readers of Solon's modification of theo-
ries and principles, by the rule, that you are only to give a people
as pood a code as thev will bear."
The author of the letters addressed tr* Sir Robert Peel
under the signature of Eunomus handles Bentham with
great severity ; whilst, on the other hand, Mr. E. Sinclair
CuUen declares that when he reads the criticisms of those
who — ■
" ' Bounded by nature, narrowed still by art,
A trilling head, and a contracted heart.' —
attack the opinions and deride the style of Mr. Bentham. I am
the more struck with his stupendous superiority of mind, and his
enviable superiority of feeling But I let my pen drop with
humility ; — suddenly ashamed at my presumption in fancying that
1 can offer any worthy homage to a person so celebrated iu all
quarters of the world as a benefactor to mankind."
In a similar strain, a writer in the New Monthly Maga-
zine does not scruple to say that '' a knowledge of his
works is a key which unlocks all the mysteries of social
and political government." The advocacy of Mr. Mill
and the strictures of Sir Samuel Rumilly. Sir James Mack-
I intosh, and Mr. Macaulay need only be referred to here.
I Our utilitarian philosopher was not considered unworthy
I the adulation of princes. Talleyrand made a proposal a
few weeks before the author's death to have a cumjilete
I edition of his works published at Paris in the French lan-
I guage. The Emperor Alexander sent him a diamond ring,
which, as Major Parry thinks,to his "immortal honour,"
but as we think, rather in bad taste, he returned.
In the words of Sir James Mackintosh,
"It cannot be denied without injustice and ingratitude, that
Mr. Bentham has done more than any other writer to rouse the
spiiit of juridical reformation which is now gradually examining
every part of law ; and when further progress is fa(.ilitated by di-
gesting the present laws, will doubtless proceed to the improve-
ment of all. Greater praise it is giveu to few to earn." — Frd. Dis.
to Encyc. Brit.
Had the philosopher been more distrustful of himself, he
would have proved of mure benefit to others, and a greater
share of humility would have adtled to his true greatness.
Bentham, Joseph. Theolog. works. Lon., 16;')0-36.
Bentham, Thomas, b. about 1513, d. 1578, Bishop
of Lichfield and Coventry, trans, the Book of Psalms
into English at the command of Queen Elizabeth ; he like-
wise traus. Ezekiel and Daniel. He also pub. a sermon on
St. Matt. xli. 11.
Beutinek, Henry Cavendish, Lord William,
K. B. Account nf the Mutiny at Vallore, Lon., 1810, Uo.
Bentley, Elizabeth, daughter of a journeyman
cordwainer, born at Norwich, 1767. Genuine Poetical
Compositions, on various Subjects. Lon., 1791, Svo.
Bentley, Hugh. British Class Book; or Exercises
in Reading and Elocution, Lon., 1837. 12mo.
''Mr. Bentley has made the selections with an excellent dis-
crimination and tine taste; and we have no doubt the work will
take a station in the first class of works designed for tuition. To
a general purchaser, it is valuable from the intrinsic worth and
variety of its contents." — BriUmnia.
Bentley, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1803-12.
Bentley, John. The Royal Convert; a Sacred Drama,
1803. The R-val Penitent; a Sacred Drama, 1804.
Bentley, Richard, D.D., ir,r)l-2— 1742. was a native
of OuUon, near Wakefield, in the West Riding of Ynrk-
shire. In 1676 he was sent to St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, where he gave such proofs of application to his
studies, that at the early age of twenty he was nominated
by the Fellows of St. John's to the head-mastership of the
grammar school of Spalding, in Lincolnshire. After hold-
ing this situation for a twelvemonth, he accepted the office
of domestic tutor to the son of Dr. Edward Stillingfleet,
the Dean of St. Paul's, and subsequently Bishop of Wor-
cester. In 1692 he received a prebend in Worcester Cathe-
dral, and was appointed to deliver the tirst series of the
Boyle Lectures. In the next year he was made keeper of
the Royal Library at St. James's. In 1605 he was made
chaplain in ordinary to the King; and took his degree of
D.D. at Cambridge, in 1606. In February, 1700, he was
installed master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and iu the
same year was collated to the archdeaconry of Ely. vat-ant
by the death of Dr. SayweU. In 1717, by the death uf
Dr. James, the Regius Professorship of Divinity became
vacant, and was obtained by Dr. Bentley by the use of the
most skilful management. Our space will not p^ermit us
to enter into any detailed account of the unhappy contro-
versies in which the master of Trinity bore so prominent
a part. His demand for an illegal fee was resisted by
Conyers Middleton, who was sustained by the Vice-chan-
cellor's court. Bentley treated the authorities with the
same contempt which he had displayed for his accuser;
and on his refusal to make reparation, the senate, l>y a
large majority, deprived him of all his degrees. This de-
cree was followed by a lively controversy, in which Mid-
dleton displayed great ability. The Fellows of Trinity at
last resolved to bring their grievances to a judicial tribu-
nal. The cause was finally referred to the Hou^-e of Lords,
169
BEN
who commissioned Dr. r.iccne, the Bisliop of Ely, to try
Dr Benlley upon twentv out of tlie sixty-four nrtules ex-
hibited aKainst him. The Bishop senteneed him to be de-
prived of his mastership, and his enemies seemed to have
completely triumphed. But Bcntley was not easily out-
witted. The sentence of the Bishop could be put in exe-
cution by none but the vice-mnstcr ; Bcntley pl-.iced his
devoted adherent, Kichard Walker, in that office ; and the
new incumbent, pleading that he was not the mme vice-
master, refused to carry the sentence into execution. In
1738 Bishop Greene died ; the proceedings were not re-
vived, .and Bentley triumphed; holdin}; out for 28 years
against all right and law, despising alike ecclesiastical
authority, and the censure of the university. AVe will now
turn to a more pleasing subject— tlie liter.ary character oi
this great scholar and eminent .bissicnl critic.
His first publication was Evi>tHhi ad clnrum viriim .loan-
nem Milliuin, appended to the i >xf"vd edition of the Chro-
nicle of .Joannes Malolas Antiochenus. This dissertation
at once established his reputation throughout Europe as
" a critic of the very highest order of excellence." It was
received with the "loudest commendations by Grievius
and E/.ekicl Spanheim : and has ever since been sjloken
of by the first critics with reverence and wonder. See, in
particular, Kuhnken's preface to Albert! llesychms,
"There is. pi-rhnps. no Irarned work of the same comp,iss which
can bo compared with it for ingenuity, orisinality. and copious
erudition. The observations on Hesychius are particularly valu-
' "Vhen wc consider the number of topics discuss.-d-of which
many were amons the most ol.scure and iutiiKitc willun the whole
ranEB of phiiolosical criticism,— the rrach and oriKiiuality of ins
speculations on questions supposed to have been exhausted by the
learnin- and sacadty of his predecessors,— the prodi-ious display
of eruditi™. appan-ntlv not 1,-ss extensive, and incomp.araldy move
accui-it." ttian tliat of Salmasius, Scaliger, or Casaubon— the close.
jiT.-«Util.l.- U"\'- with which he supports all his discoveries and
con.-lusi"ns.-aud the animation of his style, which throws a
charm and liveliness over subjects naturally the nio.st devoid of
interest, we may s.afely pronounce the Epistle to Dr Mill to lie one
of Ih.. most extraordin.arv performances in the entue compass or
clasM> al literature. Indeed, but for one of the subsMluent pro-
ducti.ins of the same author, it would have remained to this day
umivalleii.-— C«lliliJl(//iam's Bing. Hist.
Mr. Ilallam. after remarking that Bentley was the great-
est English critic in his own, or possibly any other, age,
proceeds to notice the Ejiistle to Mill :
" In a desultory and abcst -arrulous strain Bentley pours forth
an immense store of novel l.ariiio- and of acute cnticism. espe-
cially on his favourite sul.jcit, which was destined to become his
Elory. the si-attered relics of the ancient dramatists. Ihe st.vle ot
Bentley always terse and livelv. sometimes humorous and dryly
sarcastic, whether he wrote in latin or in English, could not but
au^'mcot the admiratinn which his learning challenged. Gra-vius
an.l St.anheira pronounced him the risint; star of British litera-
ture and a correspondence with the former Iwsan in 1692, which
continued in unbroken friendship till his death."— Li?. nf Eiirnpe.
In 1696 he transmitted to Grsevius his notes and emen-
dations on Callimachus, with a large collection of the
fragments of that poet. .... , .
"'The erudition and critical acumen displayed in these contri-
butions to his friend's edition, were such as fully to sustain his
reputation as the first schol.ar of modern times."
The celebrated controversy respecting the genuineness
of the Epistles of Phalaris now claims our attention. Sir
William Temple had cited the Epistles of Phalaris and the
Fables of jUsop as conspicuous instances of tho superiority
of ancient literatnre over modern. Wotton replied with
ability: and Bentley promised to prove that the .'Esopian
Fables were not iEsop's, and tliat the Epistles of Phalaris
were a modern forgery. A new edition of the Epistles
was prepariuf abmit this time at Christ Church College,
Oxford, and The Honourable Charles Boyle, a student in
the college, was selected as the editor. The preface to the
new editbin contained a censure upon Bentley for a sup-
posed want of courtesy respecting the use of a M,'?. in the
lil)rary at St. James's. The bookseller. Bonnet, had at-
tempted to cover his negligence by throwing the blame
upon Dr. Bentley, tho librarian. The latter wrote to Mr.
Boyle, and explained tho facts of the ease. Boylo replied,
"What Mr. Bcntley had said miiht be true, but th.at the book-
seller had represented the matter quite otherwise, and that Mr.
Bentley mi.-ht seek his redress in any metliod he pb-ased.
In 1697 ATotton published a new edition ot his Keply to
Sir William Temple, and begged his friend Bentley to ful-
fil his promise, and furnish him with the proof of the spu-
riousness of the Epistles to Phalaris, tho Fables of .Esop,
and the Letters of Themistocles, of Socrates, and of Eu-
ripides. Dr. Bcntley complied with the request, and com-
posed a masterly demonstration of tho position which he
had so boldly assumed.
I so ooiuiy assuiucvi.
Considered as a whole, the dissertation must be pronounced a
170
BEN
makteipiece of learning and ability, to the production of which no
other writer of the age was equal."
The scholars of Christ Church, amazed but not silenced,
determined to encounter their formidable opponent, and
deputed a committee, consisting of Attcrbury, Smalndge,
Anthony Alsop, and the two brothers Fremd, to carry on
the war. Attcrbury, afterwards Bishop of llochoster, was
tlie principal champion. The rejoinder appeared in March,
169S It was styled Dr. Bentley's Dissertations on the
Epistles of Phalaris and the Fables of ^sop, examined
by the Hon. Charles Boyle. This work was as contemptilde
in point of philological learning as it was brilliant in the
more popular qualities of wit and satire.
'•It was received by the literary world with a tempest of ap-
plause. Wits and w'itlings, poets, mathematicians, and anti-
quaries concurred in celebrating the imaginary triumph of the
(konians, and persecuting the great critic who was soon to crush
them at a blow."
Pope, Swift, Aldrich, Garth, Dodwell, and Conyers Mid-
dleton were among his opponents. Dr. Garth has stereo-
typed his own ignorance in the well-known couplet in hia
Dispensary : . ^ .,
" go diamonds owe a lustre to their foil,
And to a Bentley 'tis we owe a Boyle."
Swift's Battle of the Books is about the only one of all
the satires aimed at Bentley which is now known to the
general reader. But the triumphing of tlie Pigmies was
short. In llilli) the doctor carried dismay into the ranks
of the adversary by the " unrivalled and immortal" Dis-
sertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, with an Answer to
the olijections of the Hon. Robt. Boyle. The victory was
complete : the enemy was made to " bite the dust,' and
the battle was at an end.
"To those who never critically examined this truly stupendous
production, it is impossible to convey an adequate conception of
its merits. To affirm that it vindicates tho character of Bentley in
every particular on which it had been as,sailed. and, w-ith one in-
considerable exception, sust.aius every position that he had ad-
vanced in the original dissertation upon Phalaris, is saying little.
It is replete throughout witli learning of the finest and rarest
ou.ality. The same unequalled force aud subtlety of intellect
■which had distinguished the appendix to the (.'hiiinicle of Malelas,
is here exbiliited to even greater advantage. Ihe style, though
wanting in harmony and elegance, is full of energy ; and the wit
and sai-casm with whi.-h the wh.ile piece abounds, if inferior to
that of his adversaries in the qualities of ease and grace, is equal,
perhaps superior, in pungency. This incomparable work was,
lifter an interval of nearly eighty years, translated into Latin by
Lennep. a scholar of eminence, and one of the pupds of the illus-
trious Valckenaer."— ftimiin^/ium's Bi'of/. His;. ,. ,. „,
" It may be said, with perfect truth, that, as a conibination of
profound learning and great ori::inality with lively wit and sound
lo.'ic, it has never been paialieled. Although it came forth as an
ocrasional and controversial work, such is the fulness with which
every subject in it is discussed, that it is still used as a text-book
in our universities, and will always continue to be read even by
those who have no interest in. nor acquaintance vvith, the book to
which it is professedly an answer."— itet's Bwg. Diet.
We have quoted Mr. Hallam's observations on the Epis-
tle to Mill. This eminent authority proceeds to remark :
" But the rare qualities of Bentley were more abundantly dis-
played, aud before the eyes of a more numerous tribunal, in bis
femous dissertation on the epistles a.scrihed to Phalaris. . It
was the first great literary war that had been waged in England,
and like that of Troy, it has still the prerogative of being remem-
bered, after the Epistles of Phalaris are almost as much buried as
the walls of Trov itself Both comlatants were skilful in wielding
the sword: the arms of Boyle, in Swift's language, were given
him by all the gods; but his antagonist stood forward in no such
fl.ur.ative strength. m.aster of a learning to which nothing parab
IcI had been known in England, and that direeted by an under-
standin- prompt, discriminating, not idly skeptical, but still fur-
ther removed trom trust in authority ; sagacious in perceiving cor-
ruptions of language, and ingenious, at the least, in removing
them- with a styleVapid. concise, amusing, and superior to lloyl.
in that which he had chiefly to boast, a sarcastic wit. —LU. oj
Europe.
Mr Disraeli, in his Quarrels of Authors, remarks :
" Benlley's Dissertation on Phalaris is a volume of perpetual
value to the lovers of ancient Literature. His narrative of the rise
of his controversy with Boyle is a most vigorous production; it
heaves with the workings of a master spirit : still reasoning with
such force, and still applying with surh bapiao.ss tlie stores of
his copious literature, that had it not been tor tins Literary Quar-
rel the mere English reader had lost this sni-1.- opportunity or
sun'eying that commanding intellect. Posteiit v jostlv appreciates
the volume of Bentley for its stoves of Ancient Literature, an.l tlie
author for that peculiar s.ag.acity in emending a corrupt text, which
formed his distinguishing characteristic as a classical critic.
Tho Bev. Mr. Dyco. the learned editor of Bentley's works,
fLon , 1836-?,,'!, 3 vols, only published,) observes that
"On Bentley's memorable perlnrmances. the Dissertations on
Phalaris, criticism has been exhausted. In the just arrangement
of the matter, in the logical precision of the .arguments and m
the readiness and skill with which the most extensive and refined
erudition is brouL-ht to bear upon the points routes ed. it is per-
haps unrivalled by any single work. Enriched with mcidenta
disquisitions on many different topics of classical tormug, it wUl
BEN
BEN
eTer lie prized by the Rtudent as a storehouse of important infor-
mation."
"Good sense." says Bisliop Warbnrton, "is the foundation of
critioism; this it is that has made Di-. Reutley and Bishop Hare
the two L^ivatfst ci itics that ever were in the world. Xot that y:ood
sense aloiir "ill I'f sutticirnt: for that considerable part of it,
emeiidinu' ;i roi iii|it text, tbrie must he a certain sa.^acity. which
is so dislin^uishinj; a quality in Dr. Uentley." — Bishop Mci7-bui't"ii
to Dr. Bitc'i : JVichnls's Literary Anealotis.
In 170S Beiitlcy addressed to Ludolph Kuster, who wns
engaged upon an edition of Aristoplijines, Three Critical
■ Epistles, (imtaining annotations upon the Plntus and the
Nubes. In the next year he communicated a number of
notes to Davies's edition of the Tu.sculan Questions of
Cicero. These were followed by the celebrated Emenda-
tions of Monandcr Philemon. How severely be rebuked
the presumption of Le Clerc, and the controversy which
ensued thereon, are matters doubtless familiar to many of
our readers. His edition of Horace, which had engaged
him for ten years, was publi.'^hcd at Cambridge in 1711,
4to. This work claims both praise and ccnsux-e. The
illustrative annotations, and many of the emendations,
are invaluable ; the chronology has been api)roved as sound,
and the logical acnteness and penetrating sagacity of the
editor cannot bo suthcieutly admired; but, on the other
hand, indefensible libertie.? are taken with the text, and a
conjectural fabric of unwieldy proportions is erected upon
a narrow basis of probability. The errors of so eminent
a critic were not allowed to pass without chastisement.
Ker and Johnson, and long afterwards. Cunningham, in
his rival edition of Horace, (1721,) visited the offences of
the great mayler with a rod of ir<in. In 171^^. under the
signature of Pliileleutheros Lipsiensis, our author casti-
gated Anthony Collins for his Discourse of Free-thinking,
pub. in the same year.
"This volume should be studied by every man who is desirous
of forminj^ just notions of Biblical Criticism." — Herbert Marsh.
His great sermon on Popery was preached and published
in 1715. Some Remarks upon it were pub. by John Cam-
ming in I7If^. In 1720 he issued his Proposals for print-
ing a New Edition of the Greek Testament. His letter to
Archbishop Wnke upon this subject was dated four years
earlier, Bentley designed to restore the text of the Greek
Testament to the same state in which it was at the Council
of Nice. His plan was '*to amend the (ireck text through
the Latin Vulgate, in the same way as the version of Plato
by M. Ticino is made the bn.sis for correction.^ of the Greek
text of that philosopher." The 22d cliapter of the Apoca-
lypse was published with the prospectus as a si'ccimen; a
number of MSS. had been eollect^ed, and £2UfiU sub.-tribed.
The Proposals were assailed by Conyers Middlcton in a
tone of great severity. Bentley replied to the attack — for
which he held Dr. Colbatch partly responsible — but he did
not carry out liis projected new edition. Whether he would
have fallen into the errors apprehended by Ernesti. of
attaching too great weight to those Greek MSS. which have
been interpolated from the Latin versiim, and to those La-
tin MSS. which he supposed to contaiu the genuine ver-
sion of Jerome, which certainly followed the text of Ori-
gen — it is of course impossible to decide. Ernesti draws
these conclusions from Bentley's proposals, but what scho-
lar does not improve— -and sometimes completely alter —
fhe original design? It is proper to remark here, in con-
nexion with the reference to I\Iiddleton, that in 1724 Bent-
ley was restored by a peremptory mnmlamun to all the de-
grees and privileges of which he had been deprived.
In 1725 appeared his celebrated edition uf Terence. This
is carefully prepared, and will bear the test of criticism.
'■The Schediasnia on Latin metres whir-h is prefixed to it, is
still the best treatise on the subject. ludnil liinilcy may be con-
sidered as absolutely a discoverer in reltilinii i-. [,:itiii metres: he
had piven a proof of bis oriiiiiiality in this li.ld iu 1709. in some
notesonCirerosTu'^cnl II t (. I'i^putatinnesapiiended to Davies's edi-
tion, in which he l):iii ii'^inn.! in a most iuL'enious and satistiic-
tory manner, the fia^iiirut^ of the Latin poets quoted in that
work."
Unfortunately this creditable work was followed by an
edition of Pha;drus and Publius Syrius, which has the un-
enviable distinction of being the most careless and inde-
fensible production ever published by its editor. For his
unwarrantable alterations of the text, and other faults.
Dr. Hare, whom Bentley designed to, and did, anticipate,
as editor to Pha3drus, rebuked him severely in his Epis-
tola Critica. Passing over for the moment a review of
Bentley's revision of Paradise Lost, we briefly notice a
labour for which the critic was much better qualified — his
design to restore the text of Homer to the state in which
it had been left by the ancient rhapsodists.
'■Tliis he intended to effect principally l>y tlie revival and inser-
tion of an old letter, originally the sixth of the Greek alphabet.
which, as the exigencies of the metre showed, must have been in
use at the time when the Hnmerif pni-ms were composed. This
letter, which is commonly c:illi-d thr (////(ainHa. has a sii:niticance
even for the readers of our li_'bti'r litfrature. Most persons are
familiar with the lines which I'ope. in the fourth book of his Dua-
ciad, puts into the mouth of IJeutley :
' Honian and (ireek grammarian, know your better, —
Author of something' yet more preat than letter;
■\Vhil-* towerini; o'er your alphabet, like Saul.
Stands our di^amma, and o'ertops them all.'
*' The last line refers to the representation of the di;ramnia by a
capital F, in two qunl.ilinns tmni Homer wbii'h appcaieil in the
notes to Milton." .^i-' ilir r\.ill,'nt article oa Bentley in Itose's
Bio^. Diet.; also see ('imniii-ii.nn's liio-!;. Hist.
Bcntley had now reached the ripe age of seventy-two,
when he was arrested in his labours upon Homer by a
paralytic stroke, which preceded his death about three
years. The corrections in his copy of the poet were used
by Ilcyne in his edition of I^omor, and many of the emi-
nent critic's suggestions have been printed by Mr. Donald-
son in the New CratyUi.s. His last employment was an
edition of Manilius, pub. in 1739 by his nephew, Richard
Bentley. Wo made a passing reference to our author's
proposed emendations to the text of Milton. For this
delicate, and, indeed, supererogatory, task, few men of
learning were less qualified. In those most essential
points, a knowledge of the Italian and romantic writers,
religious sensibility, and a fervid imagination, he was re-
markably deficient. Even the command of Queen Caro-
line is no excuse for such an undertaking. Bentley should
have declined in Latin, and, if still pressed, expostulated
in Greek, and the business would have dropped. When
Adam Smith remarked upon Johnson's recitation of Bent-
ley's verses in Dodsley's Collection, that they were "very
well! very well," Johnson replied, with his usual acute-
ness, "Yes, they are very well, sir; but you may ob.serve
in what manner they are well. They are the forcilde
verses of a man of strong miud, but not accustomed to
write verse; for there is some uncouthness in the expres-
sion." The application to our subject is obvious. Fcnton
had dropped a hint that some apparent errors in Paradise
Lost were probably occasioned by the carelessness or mis-
apprehension of the amanuensis who wrote what the bard
dictated. This conjecture is adopted by Bentley, and the
unlucky amanuensis is not spared. We have already far
exceeded our intendcil limits, and can devote but little
space to a very amusing and very instruetivo subject.
Bentley's imjirovements of Milton must be read to be ap-
preciated. It is possible that some one of our readers may
not have met with the correction of the grand line :
" No li.'lit, but rather darkness visible."
Bentley kindly off^ers us the following:
■' Xo li'j;ht, but rather a transpicuous (/I ocrniy
Which does the reader prefer ?
*• As fi'om the centre thrice to the utmost pole,"
is "amended" to
" Distance wliich to expiess all measure fails."
" Our torments, also, nuiy in length of time
Become our elements,"
is changed to
" Then, as Htvas weU nhseiTed, our torments may
Become our elements."
See an amusing chapter upon thig subject in Disraeli's
Curiosities of Literature. AVe subjoin the following epi-
gram on Bentley's editorial labours:
"On Milton's Kxkci'tioxkr.
Did Mir.TON's Prosf. 0 Cihrlis! tliy d.-jith defend?
A fniitius li"', uiii'onsridus provrs a fiii-nd:
On Mn.iiiN's VtR-r; does Bkmi.kv icmunent? know
A weak ofticious friend becomes a fne.
AVhile he would seem his author's fame to further,
The ^IvRTHERous Critic has aven^^ed Tut IMurther."
But a warrior who had gained so many battles on his
own element could well aflord an occasional shipwreck,
when, like Pyrrho, he chose
" To sail upon a sea of speculation."
Whether the laudation be extravagant or not, he must
have great merits of whom the critic dares to say
" He stands undoubtedly the very first anions all the philoloci-
cal critics of every ajre and nation, ju ' shape and pesture proudly
pre-eminent.' No sinjile individual ever contributed so much to
the actual stores of the learned world, or gave so strong an im-
pulse to the study of the aucient classics." — CunninghanVs Btvg.
Jlixt.
With reference to Bentley's position as a scholar when
compared with the classical " giants of those days," it will
be interesting to quote the verdicts of a few others, tbcra-
selvcs more or less imbued with that love for the " wit and
genius of the heathen," which the great master of Trinity
acknowledged had "beguiled him."
Bi.shop Monk, his learned biographer, styles him "the
most celebrated scholar of modern times."
Mr. De Quincey makes an exception.
171
BEN
BEN
" We should pronounce him the greatest of scholars were it not
that ive rememljer Salmasius. Dr. I'arr was in the haliit of com-
pariu^' the I'halaiis dissertation with that of Salmasius De Lingua
llellenistica. For our own part, we have always compared it wUh
the same writer's Plinian Kxcereitationes. Both are among the
miracles of human talent, hut with this dilTerence, that the i-al-
masian work is crowded with errors: whilst that of Bentley,ni its
final state, is absolutely without spot or blemish,"— iJiucAn'OocTs
Mag.. 1830; repuh. in Philos, Writers.
Edward Everett, a ripe Hellenist, as his call to the Pro-
fessorship ot" the Greek language and literature in Har-
vard College, before ho was of age, may indicate, whilst
allowing that " Richard Bentley is the greatest elas.sical
Bcholar ever produced by England," proceeds to remark
that
" Whether his name could be safely placed above that of Eras-
mus, Scaliger, and llemsterhuys, not to mention any of the re-
nowned scholars of the la.st generation, may be a question on
which the learned of KnL-land and other countries miiiht diner.
But this we think may he safely said, that if Bentley, in all other
things the same, had passed his life in the quiet of a University
in Holland or Germany;— if he had ledeeuied to those studies lor
which he was born, the time and the talents which he wasted in
the petty s(iualibles of his college mastership, he would unques-
tionably have made himself, beyond all rivalry, the most cele-
brated 'scholar of modern times,"— JV'ort/i American Beview, vol.
xliii. 46S. „ , . , ^
But what Mr. Everett is willing to admit Bentley migbt
have become under more favouralde circumstances, Bishop
Monk insists he really was; and not satisfied with the eu-
logy we have just quoted, he carries what some will deem
extravagance to what many will pronounce absurdity, by
declaring that
" Notwithstanding his frequent abuse of his erudition, such is
the power of genius, and so great the preponderance of his solid
and unshaken merits, that Bentley has established a school of
criticism, of which the greatest scholars since his time have been
proud to consider th.-msiMvcs members; and, in spite of the envy
and opiiositinii of bis .■.nitcmp.iraries, has attained a more exalted
reputation than has hilh.rl.i been the lot of any one, in the de-
partment of ancient literature,"
The biographer's episcop,-!! brother. Bishop Lowth, ac-
cords to Bentley no small praise in declaring him to have
been " the greatest critic and most able graminariau of the
last age," and Bishop Marsh, also, pronounces him to have
been " the most acute critic not only of this nation, but of
all Europe,"
The acknowledgments of Heyno, who enjoyed the great
advantage of the use of Bentley's annotated Iliad, when
preparing his own edition, are freely expressed. The
following "praise" is "faint" to absurdity :
'■ Though a daring, and sometimes a speculative, emendator, he
was. pei'haps, one of the first classical critics that has yet appeared
in I'tiis country." — Loii. Mouthhi Review, vol, cxxii.
" One of the tirst, and * perhaps' only, not certainly even, one
of the first!"
This is indeed the "Nil admirari" to excess! What
"Daniel" have we here?
A writer in the Lon. Quarterly Review draws a com-
parison between Bentley and Porson ;
" Bentley's memory, according to his own expression, was ' none
of the best;' it was the uupaniUeled perfection of this faculty in
Person on which his superiority relied. It gave him the complete
and instant command of all his stores of erudition; ho could
bring to bear, at once, on any question, every passage from the
whole range of Greek literature which could elucidate it. [This is
hyperbole, even to nonsense; a university full of Bentleys and
Persons could not perform such a feat.] lie could approximate,
on the instant, the slightest coincidence in thought or expression,
and the accuracy was quite as surprising as the extent of the re-
coiled ion. In .-iuother respect, no two chaiacters could be more
opposite than Bentley and Porson : the former, in his immeasur-
able self-confidence, hold, adventurous, decisive; the other, cool,
sure, and cautious. In his scholarship, (would that he had been
under as safe a guidance in all his habits !) Porson was singularly
prudent: hence, though Bentley is more splendidly and originally
right, Porson is more unerringly so; Bentley's judgments are
mOi-e numerous, and on a greater variety, but all are not of equal
authority, Por.son's are few, but none of them have ever been
reversed'. Bentley's light was thrown about with greater profu-
sion on many objects; Person's was centered on a few, but burned
more steadily on those. The same prudence kept Porson within
the province' in which his strength I.iy, that of philological criti-
cism; he never ventured on the more deb.ateable ground of the
criticism of taste. In their style there was the same difference:
the careless copiousness and natural vigour of Bentley was in the
strongest contrast to the terseness and neatness of Person's most
finished writing; and the fine irony of the latter, of which we
Kive some few examples, in the character of Gibbon for instance,
is the opposite extreme to the coarse vehemence and the broader
humour of Bentley's controversial tone." — Vol. xlvi. llS.
As a preacher Bentley could not but occupy a high
place in point of depth, and the power of exciting that in-
terest which follows the guidance of a great intellect in
the contemplation of the duties of time and the awful re-
alities of eternity. For that style of exhortation which
aw,akens the affections, tnnl secures the convictions of the
judgment by the impulses of the heart, the preacher was
iiths of revelation by the
by her greatest inter-
A sermon of Bentley's
unequal. He enforced the trutl
teachings of nature, as expounded by her greatest inter-
preter, the inunurtal Newton. A
based upon a thesis of Newton's must have been an intel-
lectual gratification not unworthy an angelic auditory.
But we fc.ar that in simply " vindicating the ways of (jod
to man," but little would be done to reconcile the heart of
man to God. Accurate, precise, and exhaustive he could
not fail to be. , , . v
" Bentley is a model," says Bishop Home, " for polemic preach-
ing on account of the conciseness, perspicuity, and fairness wilh
, hich objections are stated ; and the clear, full, and regular m-in-
ner in which they are answered."— £ss<i,v.'i ami Thmylils.
'• Keligion was no less indebted to him than learning, for m
lf.ql-£l'2 he had the honour to be selected as the first person to
nreach at Bovle's Lectures, (founded by that great and honourable
gentleman to assert and vindicate the great fundamentals of
natural and revealed religion,) upon which occasion he success-
fullv applied !^ir Isaac Newton's Prio. ii'ia -■Hatbcmatica to demon-
strate the Being of God, and altogether sil, ncl the .Mheists who,
in this country, have since that time, lor the most part, sheltered
themselves under Deism. In those sermons he laid the basis and
found.ation upon which all the successors to that worthy office
have since built. Though this was a task of gre.it extent, and no
small diflicultv. yet Mr. Bentley [at this time only 30 years of age,
and in deacon's orders] acquitted himself with so much reputa^
tion that the trustees not only publicly thanked him for them,
but did moreover, by especial command and desire, prevail upon
him to make the said discourses public, upon which he gave to the
world a volume, 10<J3, 4to, containing eight semions, which have
not only undergone a number of editions, but have been trans-
lated abroad into several languages."
■■ Incomparable, and well calculated to give a proper direction to
a young man's mind in religions inquiry, and to guard him against
infidelity."— KtTT. „ , .
■We advise all of our readers to procure them ; and, in-
deed the three volumes of Rev. Alexander Dyce's editions
of Bentley's works, Lon., 1836-38. 'We trust that this
edition will ,yet be completed. The 3 vols, already pub-
lished contain: 'Vols. i. and ii.. Dissertations upon the Epis-
tles of Phalaris, Themislocles, Socrates, Euripides, and
upon the Fables of jEsop, and Epistola ad J. Millium.
Vol iii.. Theological Works, viz.: Eight Sermons preached
at Boyle's Lecture ; Four Letters from Sir Isaac Newton
to Dr.' Bentley; Throe Sermons on Varic.us Subjects; 'Visi-
tation Charge ; Remarks upon a late Discourse of Free-
Thinking; Proposals for printing a new edition of the
Greek l\;stamcnt, and St, Hierom's Latin Version; Ora-
tiuncula.
'• We are glad to see. at last, the works of the father of (and also
the best of) our critics, published collectively, and we are surprised
that it has not been done long ago. Every thing that Bentley
wrote is excellent in its kind. No man was ever so acute and ju-
dicious in his criticism, so convincing and logical in his arguments,
with such extensive and profound learning, as the vvriter of the
Dissertatirms on the Epistles of Phalaris. We have carefully looked
through these volumes, and can safely say. that Mr. Dyce is a good
scholar, and a careful editor. Bentley could not have (alien into
better hands." — Lmiehm Literary Giizttle.
The Life of Bentley by Dr. Monk, Bishop of Gloucester
and Bristol, must not "be overlooked by the reader. It was
first pub. in IS.'lll, 4to, pp, 668, Ap. 83, and since in 2 vols.
8vo. This work has been commended as a model for works
of the kind. An abridgment of it -will be found in Hartley
Coleridge's Biographia Borealis.
"Thelifeof Bentlev. ini|fflrtiallvan(i .ablv developed by Dr. Monk,
involving in great nu■a^me Ibc liOiaiy aon;,K of the lirst half of
last century, and the p:nlicobo bist.uy ..f Ibc Vmversity of fam-
biid'<-e, was a desideratum which is now sujq.licd in the most satis-
factory manner; and a sterling work has been added to the stores
of British biography." — Ltmdnn Litrrari/ Ouzitte.
To this inv.aluable work should be added The Corre-
spondence of Dr, Bentley, edited by the Rev, Christopher
Wordsworth, D.D., Canon of Westminster, Lon., 2 vols.
8vo, 1842. The reader may form some idea of tlie treasures
contained in these volumes from the prospectus :
••This collection will consist of published and unpublished let-
ters arranged in chronological order, to and from Dr. Bentley, from
the Bi ilish M useum, the Lambeth, the Bodleian, and Christ Church
Libraries- and fiom various books and several private sources;
and ..v|» (fcillv from tb,. I.ibrarv and ,\r.liiv, s ..f Trinity College,
C-i.mbii.k-c Mb.iicc, alioing oth.-r materials, :ibciut a hundred in-
ediled letters to Dr. Bciitlev fioui the Piiiuipal Continental Scholars
of the ISth century have been supplied, by the permission of the
M.%ster and Scholars of the College, for this work."
It is proper to say that -we owe the description of this
collection of correspondence to Bentley's ndmirahlc biogra-
pher, Bishop Mimk. His lordship transferred the duty to
the late Rev, .1. Wordsworth, and the brother of the latter
took up the unfinished task as a fraternal legacy. Dr.
Wordsworth takes occasion to enlarge eloquently upon the
value of the Latin tongue as a medium of interconrse for
learned scholars. He takes Kustcr severely to task fol
adding a broken English P.S. to a Latin letter. Dr. W.
opposes such barbarous innovations:
•• When men of learning have ceased to possess a common Ian
BEN
guage, they will soon forfjet that they have a common country;
they will no lonf^er regard each other as intellectual compatriots;
they will be En<;lishmen, Frenchmen, Dutchmen, but not scholars."
The classical scholar will find at the British Museum a
large collection of tracts wiittun by and against Bentley.
In Mr. Richard Cumberland's Memoirs of his Own Life
will be found many interesting particulars concerning his
maternal grandfather, our illustrious critic. Mr. Cumber-
land tells us that his mother, the great man's daughter^
expressed to him her regret that
'■ He had bestowed so great a portion of his time and talents upon
criticism, instead of employing: them upon original composition.
He acknowledged the justice of her regret with extreme sensibility,
and remained for a considerable time thoughtful, and seemingly
embarrassed by the nature of her remark ; at last, recollecting him-
self, he said, 'Child. I am sensible I have not always turned my
talents to the proper use for which I sliould presume they were
given to me; yet I have done somnHiin-.' for the honour of my God,
and the edification of my fellow-creatures; hnt the vnt and genius
of those okl heafheiif! beguiled me ; and as I despaired of raising my-
self up to their standard upon fair ground, 1 thought the only
chance I had of looking over their heads was to get upon their
shoulders.' "
Bentley, Richard, d. 1782, only son of tbe preced-
ing, was a man of considerable literary talent. He was
educated at Trinity College. Cambridge, resided for many
years in the south of France, and for some time at Ted-
dington, near Twickenham, in consequence of his intimacy
with Horace Walpole.
"They carried on. for a long time, a sickly kind of friendship,
which had its hot fits and cold fits, was suspended and renewed,
but never totally broken." — R. Ci'MBEnLANn; his nephew.
He was in great favour with Lord Bute, who gave him
a place under government. He was author of Patriotism,
a satirical poem attacking Wilkes and his friends, 1765.
(See Billy's Repository, vol. iv.) Poetical Epistle to Lord
Melbourne. 1763. {St. James's Chronicle for April.) Phi-
lodamus, 1767. Tbe Prophet, 1788. He was employed
in the trans, of Hentzer's Account of England. His Co-
medy of the Wishes was performed in 1761.
'■The turn of his genius did not seem greatly adapted to dra-
matic writing, by this specimen." — Bing. Dramnt.
Bentley, Richard, grandson of the celebrated Ri-
chard Bentley, wrote Considerations on the State of Pub-
lie Affairs at the beginning of 1796, Lon., 1796, 8vo: ditto,
1798. pub. 1798, Svo.
Bentley, Thomas, nephew of the celebrated Richard
Bentley. was of Trinity College, Cambridge. He pub. in
1713 an edition of Horace, which was the text of his un-
cle's edition, with reasons for rejecting the old, and sub-
stituting the new. readings. In 1718 he printed an edit,
of Cicero de Finib. et Paradoxa; and in 1741 an edit, of
CalHmachus, anon.: erroneously attributed by Davies to
his uncle.
Bentley, William, 1758-1819, a minister in v^alem,
Massachusetts, was a native of Boston. He pub. some
Sermons, Ac, 1790-1807. and a History of Salem, in the
6th vol. (if Historical Collections.
Bently, Samnel. Poems, Lon., 1768-74, Svo.
Bently, Thomas. Monvment of Matrones, contain-
taining seuen seuerall Lamps of Virginitie, or distinct
Treatises ; whereof the first fiue concerne Praier and Me-
ditation, the other two last. Precepts and Examples, as
the woorthie works, partlie of Men, partUe of AVomen ;
printed by H. Deuham, Lon., 1582, 3 vols. 4to. Another
edition sine anno. Each of these Lamps has a distinct
title-page. The first three Lamps form the 1st vol.; the
ft)nrth Lamp alone the 2d vol.; and the remaining three
Lamps compose the 3d vol. The only perfect copy known
was sold (Inglis Catalogue, 156) for £15.
Bently, Thomas. Five Letters to them that seek
Peace with God, 1774, Svo. Reason and Revelation; or,
a Brief Answer to Paine's Age of Reason, Lon.. 1794. 8vo.
Bently, William. Hallifax and its Gibbet-Law placed
in a true Light, &c., Lon., 1708. Written by Dr. Saml.
Midgley; pul>. after his death by Bonnet, who affixed his
name to it as the author.
Bently, William, D.D. Sermons, 1735-38, Svo.
Benton, Clark. Statement of Facts and Law, &c.,
Troy, 1804, Svo.
Benton, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858, an American
statesman, born at Hillsliorough, N. Carolina, educated at
Chapel Hill College, and removed in early life to Ten-
nessee. In 1815 he settled in St. Louis and devoted him-
self to the practice of the law. He soon became a leading
politician, and for thirty years represented the State of
Missouri in the Senate of the TJ. States. 1. Thirty Years'
Viewj or, A History of the Working of the American Go-
vernment for Thirty Years, from 1820 to 1850. Vol. i., N.
Y., 1854, Svo ; vol. ii., N. Y., 1856, Svo : 65,000 vols, of this
work were sold as soon as published.
BER
"The litorary execution of this work, the simplicity of its style^
and the unexceptionable taste which tempers all its author's allu-
sions to his contemporaries, have been the subject of universal
admiration."— W. C. Bryant.
"Mr. Uenton's opportunities as an actor and eye-witness give
him ^reat advantages in this species of historical memoir,— for
such it is, neither exactly history nor biography. In his preface
he quotes Macaulay, and justly claims the prestige of his expe-
rience in public affairs for his work. If Gibbon and Fox and
Mackintosh wrote better for being Parliament men, Mr. Benton
can set forth as well for his story the quorum magna purs fui." —
O/iurchman.
2. Examination of the Bred Scott Case, N. York, 1857,
Svo. 3. An Abridgment of the Debates of Congress from
1789 to 1856; from Gales & Seaton's Annals of Con-
gress; from their Register of Debates; and from the
Official Reported Debates by John C. Rives, N. Y., 15 vols.
Svo.
" In this work, even at the advanced .ige of seventy-six, his daily
labors were almost incroJible: it was liiuilly completed duwu to
the conclusion of the great compromise debate of 1850,— upon his
very death-bed, where ho dictated and revised the final portions in
whispers, after he had lost the ability to speak a.hmd."—Ai)pteton's
New Ame.r. Ci/c.
"Cul. Benton's eminent talent and reputation as a statesman,
his ramjliar acquaintance with our parliamentary history, and bis
uiitiriii- imbistry, are a sufficient guarantee for the faithful execu-
tion ut this f^reiit undertakiog." — Hon. Edward Everett.
Benvras, David, a Welsh poet of the 13th century,
wrote Encomium Leolini principis Joroverthi Filii, and
other poems : some of these are preserved in the Hengwrt
Library.
Beiiwell, John* Con. to Phil. Mag., 1817.
Berard, J. B. Con. to Nic Jour., 1802. '10, '12.
Berard, Peter. Trans. The Uncle's Will. 1808, Svo.
Berault, Peter. Theolog. works. Lon., 1680-1706.
Berdmore, Samnel. Sermons, 1710, '15, '16, '17.
Berdniore, Samnel, D.D. Specimens of Literary
Resemblance in the Works of Pope, Gray, and other cele-
brated Writers, with Critical Observations, in a Series of
Letters, 1801, Svo.
'* This volume contains a formidable attack on Dr. Hurd's Marka
of Imitation, and we believe that most readers will deem it suo-
cessful. ... In a strain of lively and ingenious raillery he has de-
tected the sources of Dr. Hurd's explanation of Virgil's invocation
to Auiiustus, in the 3d Georgic, and he has shown that the disco-
very of which that learned critic assumed the merit, was nothing
more than an obvious interpretation of the poet's words, which had
been previously given by diEferent commentators." — Lon. Monthly
lif. viv w.
Berdmore, Thomas. Treatise on the Teeth, Lon.,
1768, Svo.
Berdoe, Marmaduke, M.D. Med. works, Bath and
Lon.. 1771-7;'., Svo.
Bere, Thomas. Controversy between Mrs. Hannah
More and the Curate of Elagden, 3 pamphlets, 1801-6.
Berenger, Richard, d. 1782, aged 62, for many
years Gentleman of the Horse to George IIL, nephew of
Lord Cobham and Lady Lyttelton, was a gentleman of
considerable literary talent. Dr. Johnson named him ag
the standard of true elegance. He was the author of three
"excellent papers" in The World, Nos. 79, 156, and 202;
and some of his poems, "written with great ease and ele-
gance." are in Dodsley's Collection. He pub., in 1771,
The History and Art of Horsemanship; from the French
of Mons. Bourgelat, 1754, 4to; Lon., 1771, 2 vols. 4to.
"I dined the other day at Mrs. Boscawen's, very pleasantly,
for Berenger was there, and was all himself, all chivalry, blank
verse, and anecdote. lie told us some curious stories of Pope, with
whom he used to spend the summer at his uncle's, Lord Cob-
ham." — Hannah More.
Berens, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1822, etc.
Bereny. New Torch to the Latin Tongue, 1670, Svo.
Beresford. Marriage with Miss Hamilton, 1782, Svo.
Bcresford, Benj. Trans, from the German of poeti-
cal pieces, willi the original Music, &c.. 1797, <fec.
Bereslbrd, James, 1764-1840. Sermons, Ac, Lon.,
1809-15. The Miseries of Human Life; or. The Last
Groans of Timothy Testy and Samuel Sensitive ; with a
few Supplementary Sighs from Mrs. Testy, Ac., Loo.,
1806-07. 2 vols. Svo.
"A second volume of Miseries I Can flesh and blood bear it?
Ye.s! gentle reader, indeed, you must, and be wonderfully de-
lighted to find that, by a little cookery and contrivance, a man
may be brought to lau^h at himself for presuming to be ruffled
by the little cross accidents of life." — Lon. Mrmihly Review.
This is one of the few books of facetiae which have sur-
vived their half-century. The Groans of Timothy Testy and
Samuel Sensitive still excite the mirth of the evening cir-
cle, and add — if not to the " harmless gayety of nations,"
at least — to the hilarity of the drawing-room. Besides a
number of other productions, in addition to the above cited,
Mr. Beresford was author of Bibliosophia, or Book- Wisdom,
1812, Svo.
173
BER
BER
Beresford, Rt. Hon. John. Speech on his moving
the 6th Article of the Union, in H. Commons in Ireland,
1800. 8vo.
Beresford, John George, Lord Abp. of Armagh.
Sonnnn cm Charity 8<'hools.
Ber§:, Josei>h Frederick, D.D., a voluminous con-
troversial writer, b. 1S12, at Grace Hill, island of Antigua,
where his parents were missionaries in the service of the
Moravian Church, came to the United States in 1826 and
was ordiiinL'd by the Synod of the German Reinrmed
Church, 1S;J5; Pastor of German Kef. Cb., Pbila.. 1837-
52. 1. Lectures on Romanism, 1840, 12mo; several eds.
2. Synopsis of the Theology of Peter Dens; trans, from the
Latin, with copious Notes, 1840, 12mo ; 5 eds. have been
pultlished. 3. Papal Rimie, 1841. 4. Series of Pamphlets
pub. anon., entitled A Voice from Rome ; Rome's Policy
towards the Bible; The Pope and the Presbyterians, 1S44:
many thousands sold. 5. History of the Holy Robe of
Treves. 6. Oral Controversy with a Catholic Priest, 1843.
7. Old Paths ; or, A Sketch of tbe Order and Discipline of
the Reformed Church before the Reformation, 1845. 12mo.
8. Plea for the Divine Law against Murder, 1846. 9.
Mysteries of the Ini:(uisiti(m and other Secret Societies;
from the French, Phila., 1S46, 8vo. 10. Reply to Arch-
bi>liup Hugbes on the Doctrines of Protestantism, 18o0 ;
more than 150. 000 copies of this pamplilct have been cir-
culated. 11. Kxpose of the Jesuits. 12. The Inquisition.
l;i. Church and State, nr Romish Influence ; a prize essay
for which $100 was awarded by the Amer. Protestant Ass.
14. Farewell Words to tbe German Ref. Ch., and a Vindi-
cation of the same, in reply to Dr. J. W. Nevin, 1852.
15. Prophecy and the Times, 1S56, 12mo. 10. The Stone
and the Image, 1856, 12mo; several edits. 17. Demons
and Guardian Angels; being a refutation of Spiritualism,
12mo. IS. The Olive-Branch : a Conservative View of
Slavery, 1857. Many other works and pamphlets.
Bei-ger, J. F., M.D., Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc., 1806,
'11, '14 ; and to Nic. Jour., 1807.
Berlins, John. A Treatise of Pacification between
the Dissenting Churches of Christ, Lon., 1655, Svo.
Beridge, John. Sermon, 1662, 4to.
Berington, Joseph. Miscellaneous Dissertations,
Historical. Critical, and Moral, on the Origin and Anti-
quity of Masquerades, Plays, &q., 1751, Svo.
Beriugton, Joseph, d. 1827, aged 84, an estimable
clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church, and educated
at the College of St. Omer, was a native of Shropshire.
He was an object of public interest, not only from his lite-
rary publications, but as an advocate for some reform.? in
the communion to which he was attached. His first work
was A Letter on Materialism, and Hartley's Theory of
the Human Mind, 1776, 8vo, (anon.,) followed in 1779 by
Immaterialism Delineated.
"The Letters [of 1776] now before us are written with the best
intention: they have very considfrable merit; and will serve, we
hope, as an antidote against the prevalence of a theory which de-
grades man to a mere machine, and which, if pursued, must ter-
minate in absolute Spinozism." — Lmi. Monthly lievieiv.
Letter to Dr. Fordyce, in answer to his Sermon on the
delusive and persecuting spirit of Popery, 1779, Svo. The
State and Behaviour of English Catholics, from the Refor-
mation till 1780, with a view of their present Wealth, Num-
ber, and Character, Ac., 1780, 8vo. Address to the Pro-
testant Dissenters, who have lately petitioned for a repeal
of the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon., 1786, Svo. His-
tory of the Lives of Abelard and Ueloisa, comprising a
period of 84 years, from 1079 to 1163; with their genuine
letters, from the Collection of Amboise, Lon., 1784, 4to.
" A valuable and accurate work, composed from authentic ma-
terials.'"— Lowndes.
Reflections, with an Exposition of Roman Catholic
Principles in reference to God and the Country, Lou.,
1787, Svo. Account of the Present Stute of Roman Catho-
lics in Great Britain, Lon., 1787, Svo. On the Depravity
of the Nation, with a view to the promotion of Sunday-
schools, Lon., 1788, Svo. Tbe Rights of Dissenters from
the Established Church, in relation chiefly to Roman
Catholics, Lon., 17S9. Svo. Communications" to the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, 17S7, &c. These were controversial,
and in opposition to tbe views of Bishop Milner. The
bishop pays Mr. B.'s style a high compliment:
"^Ir. J. IJeringt^n possesses an eiUiveniug pen, which will not
suffer any suhjot-t th.it it touches to languish, or crow insipid.
Amongst all the pciinas that have been objected to in his nume-
rous composiiions. on one ever objected to a dull period." 8ee
Lon. Gent. Mag., isus, Pl. 1.
History of the Reign of Henry XL, and of Richard and
John his sons, with the events of this period from 1154 to
12r0; in which the character of Thomas ^ Becket is vindi-
cated from tbe attacks of George, Lord Lyttleton, Birm.,
1790, 4to.
"This work is distinguished by industry of investigation, vigour
of conception, vivacity and energy of expression, and, on the fun-
damental questions of civil polity, liberality of sentiment. 'We
know few writers more capable of exhibiting facts with lively
colouring, or of giving animation to his narrative by a free use
of the dramatic style. The structure of his periods is agreeably
varied, and his diction is elegant." — Lon. Monthli/ Bivieiv.
Memoirs of George Panzani, giving an account of his
agency in England in the years 1634r-35 and '86 ; trans-
lated from the Italian original, and now first published,
etc., Lon., 1793, Svo. This publication gave ofi"enee to
many members of Mr. B.'s Church, and the Rev. Charles
Plowden, a R. Catholic clergyman, pub. Remarks on Ber-
ington's work in 1784, in which Mr. P. questioned the au-
thenticity of Panzani's Memoirs. The Faith of Catholics
confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the
first five Centuries of the Church, Lon., 1813, Svo. (In
conjunction with Dr. Kirk.) Mr. Berington thus proved
his loyalty to his Church, though bold enough to condemn
what he esteemed the erroneous views of some of her mem-
bers. An attempt to deceive the Italian populace by pre-
tended miracles, under the French Invasion, was rebuked
by our author in his Examination of Events termed Mi-
raculous, as reported in Letters from Italy, Lon., 1796,
Svo. The work by which Mr. Berington is best known is
his Literary History of the Middle Ages ; comprehending
an Account of the State Bf Learning from the Clote of the
Reign of Augustus to its Revival in the Fifteenth Century.
With two Appendices, 1814, 4to. A new edit, of this work,
with an index, was pub. by D. Bogue, Lon., 1846, 12mo.
•■ This book has merit. It is a pleasant succession of notices on
the chief writers of the Continent, from the tall of the Roman em-
pire downwards. It is wiitten in a clear, popular manner, and it
is everywhere pervaded by a candid spirit."' — Lomli/n AUttnteum.
" We cannot characterize the work before us as very profound,
either in research or in reflections." — Zoh. Quar. Bev.
Berington, Simou. Dissertations on the Mosaical
Account of the Creation, Deluge, Building of Babel, Con-
fusion of Tongues, <fcc.. Lon., 1750, Svo.
'• The production of a Homan Catholic writer, displaying con-
siderable research, though held in little estimation." — Lowmdes.
"In these dissertations, the author combats Infidels and llutch-
insonians. La l*luche and Woodward, and Sir Isaac Newton, and
many authors. lie discovers a jrood deal of reading, and a great
respect for revelation; but advances many things that are absurd
in philosophy and weak in reli;:ion." — Ormc's Bib. Bibl.
Berjeu, John. Assize Sermon, 1775, 4to.
Berkeley, Edward. Mt. Vesuvius ; Phil. Trans.
1707.
Berkeley, George, D. D., 1684-1753. Bishop of
Cloyne, in Ireland, was one of the most eminent prelates
and distingui.^lied philosojihers since the Reformation.
He was a native of Kilcrin, in the county of Kilkenny,
and descended from an English family zealously attached
to the cause of Charles I. He was admitted of Trinity
College, Dublin, at the age of 15, and became a Fellow in
1707. In this year appeared his first publicati(m, Arith-
metica absque Algebra aut Euclide demonstrata. This
book was written before he was twenty.
'■This little piece is so far curious, as it shews his early and
strong jiassiun fur the mathematics, his admiration of those great
names in philosophy, Locke and Xewton, some of whose positions
he afterwards ventured to call in question, and the commencement
of his application to those more subtle metaphysical studies to
which his genius was particularly adapted."
In 1709 be established his reputation as a philosopher
by An E^say towards a New Theory of Vision, Dub., Svo.
'•The first attempt that ever was made to distinguish the im-
mediate and natiu-al objects of sight, from the conclusions we have
been accustomed from infancy to draw from them; a distinction
from whi'h the nature of vision hath received great light, and by
which many pb.i'uomena in optics, before looked upon as unac-
countalili-. liavi- bnen clearly and distinctly resolved.'' — Dr. RetcCs
hiquiri/ ))ito (he Mind.
It will be observed that this treatise was given to the
world when the philosopher was but 25 years of age. In
1733 he pub. A Vindication of this Theory. Refer to
Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, Lon.,
1842. In the next year, 1710. he pub. his celebrated
work, Tbe Principles of Human Knowledge, Dublin. Svo,
and in 1713, Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philo-
louous, &c.
" The olyect of both pieces is to prove that the commonly re-
ceived notion of the existence of matter is false; that sensible
material objects, as they are called, are not external to the mind,
but exist in it, and are nothing more than impressions made upon
it by the immidutte act of God. according to certain rules termed
laws of nature, from which, in the ordinary course of his govern-
ment, he never deviates; and that the steady adherence of the
Supreme Spirit to these rules is what constitutes the realitj- of
things to his creatures."
BER
BER
It will not be expected that we should enter here into I
an extended examination of tbig theory. An isolated ex- '
ample, set up as a target fur ridicule which all can appre-
ciate and enjoy, is an easy mode of refutation, but not
very philosophical. Lord liyrun says
" When Bishnp Berkeley pii'VCMl there was no matter,
lie proved it was «o iwifkr what he said."
Boswell tells us that his ''guide, philosopher, and friend,"
referred to this theory on several occasions :
"After we eame nut nf rlmrcli. we stood talking: for some time
togetheinf Bi>lii'p |}i-i kclcy's incenious sophistry to prove the non-
existence (tf matter. ;ttid tliut every thing in the universe is simply
ideal. 1 ubserved, that thouiih we were siitisfied his doctrine is
not true, it is impossible to refute it. I never shall forget the
alacrity with whirh Johnson answered, striking his list with
mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it, 'I
refut*? it thus.'' This was a stout exemplificatiun of thf^ first truths
of Ph?. Bouffier, or the original principles of lieid and of Beattie;
without admitting which we can no more argue in metaphysics,
than we can argue in mathematics without axioms. To me it is
not conceivable how Berkeley can >»e answered by pure reasoning ;
but I know that the nice and difficult task was to have lieen un-
dertaken by one of the most luminous minds of the present age,
[Edmund Burke,] had not politics ' turned him from calm philoso-
phy aside.' What an admirable display of subtlety, united with
briUJance. might his contending with Berkeley have afforded us."
Again :
" Being in company with a gentleman who thought fit to main-
tain Dr. Berkeley's ingenious philosophy, that nothing exists but
as perceived by some mind ; when the ^'entle^lan was going away,
Johnson said to him, ' Pray, sir, dnu't leave us ; for we may per-
haps forget to think of you. and then you will cease to exist.'"
On another occasion, the Doctor remarked:
" Berkeley was a profound scholar, as well as a man of fine im-
agination."
Undoubtedly the latter, if his theory was nothing but a
creature of his imagination.
Dr. Beattie remarks that
" If Berkeley's argument be conclusive, it proves that to be false
which every man must necessarily believe, every moment of his
life, to be true, and that to be true which no man since the foun-
dation of the world was ever capable of believing for a single mo-
ment."
This is putting the case strongly. Berkeley was as well
aware of the existence of stones and tables as Dr. Johnson
was. Although he considered his treatises to be contribu-
tions to the cause of revealed truth, some have construed
them very diflcrently.
"These works form the best lessons of skepticism which are to
be found among the ancient or modern philosophers, Bayle not
excepted." — Bwid Hume.
Even if this were true, the evidence of Revelation does
not stnnd or fall with the hypothesis of any philosopher.
Dr. Beattie also ohjects to the skeptical tendency of Berke-
ley's theory. His argument in favour of non-existence
has been reduced to this syllogism:
Whatever is immediately perceived by sense is an idea.
Sensible thing.? are things immediately perceived by sense.
Therefore sensible things are ideas, and consequently exist
only in the mind.
This syllogism has not, the reader will perceive, the im-
pregna,bility of a mental Gibraltar. The philosopher was
not afraid to submit his proposition to the scrutiny of the
metaphysicians and aavanta of the day. Mr. Whiston
tells us,
" He published this metaphysic notion, that matter was not a
real thing; nay, that the common opinion of its rra/i7^ was ground-
less, if not ridiculous. He was pleased to send Dr. Clarke and
myself, each of us, a book. After we had both perused it, I went
to Dr. Clarke, and discoursed with him about it to thisetfect : that
I, being not a metaphysician, was not able to answer Mr. Berkeley's
subtile /)reHiw!?,<!. though I did not at all believe his absurd amdu-
S107I. I therefore desired that he. who was deep in such subtilifies,
but did not appear to believe Mr. Berkeley's conclusions, would an-
swer him: which task he declined."— ^/-mojV.? nf Dr. Clarle.
Addison, many years after this, brought Berkeley and
Clarke together, to give them an opportunity of arguing
the matter out. The result may be anticipated. Berkeley
"declared himself not well satisfied with the conduct of
his antagonist on the occasion ; who, though he could not
answer, had not candour enough to own himself convinced ;"
and doubtless Clarke thought'as hard of the non-material-
ist for not acknowledging himself completely beaten out
of his absurd hypothesis. We are here reminded of a still
more lively dispute which our philosopher had with the
celebrated Father Malebranche. Berkeley travelled as tutor
with the son of the Bishop of Clogher. "Resident for some
time in Paris, the good tutor, we may presume, was tho-
roughly disgusted with the frivolity and absence of specu-
lative disposition exhibited by the thoughtless Parisians,
who persisted in believing their eyes, ami asserting the
positive existence of the champagne and cngniac which
they obstinately enjoyed, whilst Berkeley held himself
ready to prove that there was no such thing as wine and
brandy In the world. At last the good man, eager for a
hearty round at metaphysical discussion, bethought him-
self of visiting the famous author of the Search after
Truth, which Truth was exactly what Berkeley was pre-
pared to give him. We are told that
" lie found this ingenious father in his cell, cooking in a small
pipkin a medicine for a disorder with which he was (bcii tinubled,
— intlammatiou of the lungs. The conversation naturally turned
on our author's system, of which the other had received some
knowledge from a tmnslation just published. But the issue of
this debate proved tragical to poor Malebranche. In the heat of
disputation he raised his voice so high, and gave way so freely to
the natural impetuosity of a man of parts and a Frenchmau, that
be brought on himself a violent increase of his disorder, which,
carried him olf a few days after."
Mr. De Quincey, in his paper On Murder Considered as
One of The Fine Arts, gives the following amusing version
of this celebrated controversy:
" Malebranche, it will give you pleasure to hear, was murdered.
The man who murdered him is well known : it was Bishop Berke-
ley. The story is familiar, though hitherto not put in a proper
light. Berkeley when a young man went to Paris, and called on
P^re Malebranche. He found him in his cell cooking. Cooks have
ever been a£/e;/«s irri^/^i7«; authors still more so; Malebranche
was both: a dispute arose; the old father, warm already, became
warmer; culinary and metaphysical irritation united to derange
his liver: he took to his bed, and died. iSuch is the common ver-
sion of the story : ' So the whole ear of Denmark is abused.' The
tact is. that the matter was hushed up, out of consideration for
Berkeley, who (as Pope remarked)had'every virtue under heaven:'
else it was well known that Berkeley, feeling himself nettled by
the waspishness of the old Frenchman, squared at him ; a turn-up
w.is the consequence: Malebranche was tioored in the lirst round;
the conceit was wholly taken out of him; aud he would perhaps
have given in; but Berkeley's blood was now up, and he insisted
on the old Frenchman's retracting his doctiine of Oc.-asional
Causes. The vanity of the man was too great for this, and be fell
a sacrifice to the impetuosity of Irish youth, combined with his
oAvn absurd obstinacy."
In 1712 he pub. Three Sermons in favour of Passive
Obedience and Non-resistance, on Rom. xiii. 2, Svo. 3 edi-
tions. This doctrine did not recommend him to the new
House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne. In 1713
he visited Lond(m, where he became acquainted with Swift,
Arbuthnot, Pope, Adijison, and Steele. Steele had just
commenced The Guardian, and secured Berkeley's contri-
butions on the easy terras of one guinea and a dinner each.
His papers are in defence of Christianity against Collins
and some other thick-headed gentlemen of the day. In
November,17i;^,he accompanied the Earl of Peterborough's
embassy to Sicily in the quality of chaplain and secretary.
Whilst absent he hecame senior Fellow of his college, and
in 1717 was created D.D. by diplnma. He returned to
England in 1714. and was attacked by a fever, for which
Arbuthnot prescribed :
"Poor philosopher Berkeley has now the idea of health, which
was very hard to produce in him; for he had an idea of a strange
fever on him so strong, that it w.is very hard to destroy it by pr'o-
ducing a contrary one." — Arbuthnot to Swift.
Despairing of preferment under the new government,
he accepted an offer to travel on the continent with Mr.
Ashe, son of the Bishop of Clogher. They were absent
for four years, and returned to London in 1721. in which
year he pub. An Essay towards preventing the Ruin of
the Nation, in reference to the wild speculations engen-
dered by the South Sea Scheme. In 171S Mrs. Vanhom-
righ (Swift's Vanessa) left Berkeley, as one of her execu-
tors, the sura of £4000. and to the other. Judge Mnrshall,
the same amount ; no doubt to the great disgust of Dean
Swift. In 1724 Berkeley was promoted to the Deanery of
Derry, with £1100 per annum, and resigned his Fellow-
ship. In 1725 he pub. A Proposal for Converting the
savage Americnns to Christianity. To effect this purpose
he was anxious to establish a college in the Bermudas,
and exerted himself with so much diligence, that for this
object he procured a parliamentary grant of £10,0110, and
several large private subscriptions. The queen offered
him an early Bishopric if he would remain in England,
but Berkeley declared that he should prefer the headship
of St. Paul's College at Bermudas to the primacy of all
, England. A charter was granted for the erection of a col-
1 lege, to consist of a president and nine fellow.^, who were
' under the obligation to maintain and educate Indian
scholars, at the rate of £10 per annum for each. Three
junior fellows of Trinity College agreed to accompany
him. and to relinquish their hopes of preferment at home,
for £40 per annum, and the opportunity of extensive mis-
sionary usefulness. Berkeley, now in the tide of apparent
success, gave vent to his feelings in the following ode:
" The muse, disgusted at an age and clime
Barren of every glorious theme.
In dist.int lands now waits a better time.
Producing subjects worthy fame.
175
BEE
BER
In happy climes, where from the genial sun
And virpn earth such scenes ensue,
The force of art by nature seems outdone,
And tiincied beauties by the true, —
In happy climes, the seat of innocence.
Where nature guides, and virtue rules,
"Where men shall not impose for truth and sense
The pedantry of courts and schools, —
There shall be sun^ another golden age,
The rise of empire and of arts.
The good and great inspiring epic rage,
The wisest heads and noblest hearts,
Not such as Eurfipe breeds in her decay.
Such as she bred when fresh and young,
"VN'hen heavenly flame did animate her clay,
By future poets shall be sung.
Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past.
A fifth shall close the drama with the day:
Time's noblest offspring is the last."
In 1728 he married Anne, the eldest daughter of Mr.
Forster, speaker of the Irish House of Communs, and im-
mediately after the ceremony he embarked for the western
continent.
Of the dean's arrival in Newport, Khodo Island, we
have an account in the New England Journal, which puh-
lishes a letter from a person from Newport:
" Yesterday arrived here Dean Berkeley, of Londonderry, in a
pretty large ship. He is a gentleman of middle stature, of an
agreeable, pleasant, and erect aspect. He was iislim-d into the
town with a great number of gentlemen, to wh"iti In- l"li;iYed
himself after a very complaisant manner. 'Tis said he proposes
to tarry, with his family, about three months."
In Peterson's History of Rhode Island we are told that
the pilot brought to Newport a letter from Berkeley to the
clergyman, Mr. Honyman, and a statement that a great
dignitary of the Church of England, called a Dean, was
on board the vessel, and that the letter was handed to Mr.
Honyman. who was in the pulpit. He read it to the
audience, and as it appeared that the dean might land
at any moment, the congregation was dismissed forthwith,
and all, clergyman, vestrymen, wardens, male and female,
hurried down to the wharf to receive the great man with
their benedictions and welcome. At Rhode Island Berke-
ley resided for nearly two years, preaching every Sunday
at Newport when there, and diligently performing piastoral
duty among the people. He waited in vain for a remit-
tance of the promised funds to establish his college in
what might be deemed a suitable location, but no money
came. At last Bishop Gibson, at that time Bishop of
London, (in whose diocese all the West Indies are in-
cluded.) called upon Sir Robert Walpole, and begged to
know whether the money would be forthcoming or not.
*' If you put this question to me as a minister," replied
Sir Robert, " I must and can assure you, that the money
shall most undoubtedly be paid as soon as suits with pub-
lic convenience ; but if you ask me as a friend whether
Dean Berkeley should continue in America, expecting the
payment of £10,000, I advise him by all means to return
home to E^urope, and to give up his present expectations."
The advice of the miserable time-server, the Great Cor-
rupter, was taken, and the good dean returned home.
On the great day of account we would not bear Walpole's
responsibility for worlds ! To Yale College Berkeley pre-
sented 8S0 volumes ; to Harvard Library valuable dona-
tions of Greek and Latin Classics, and his AVhitehall es-
tate of 100 acres to Yale and Harvard Colleges, for three
scholarships in Latin and Greek. This endowment has
become very valual>Ie. The sojourner at the beautiful
town of Newport will find inscribed on the organ in the
venerable " Trinity Church" the inscription, "The gift of
Bishop Berkeley."
In 1732 our author pub. A Sermon on John xviii. 3, and
Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, Lon., Svo. This
work, which is a defence of religion agninst the systems
of the atheist, fatalist, and skeptic, in the form of a dia-
logue, on the model of Plato, was written in hours of lei-
sure, whilst at Newport. Dr. Sherlock, afterwards Bishop
of London, carried the work to Queen Caroline, whose ad-
miration of the author was still further increased, and she
procured for him the Bishopric of Cloyne, to which he was
consecrated in May, 1734. The Earl of Chesterfield ofifered
him the see of Cloghcr, which was double the value of
that of Cloyne, and fines to the amount of £10,000 were
then due ; but the bishop declined the profTer, remarking
to Mrs. Berkeley,
'■ I desire to add one more to the list of churchmen who are
evidently dead to ambition and avarice."
lie had not been long stationed at Cloyne before he
pub. The Analyst, or a Discourse addressed to an Infidel
176
Jylathcmatician, Lon., 1735, Svo. This was addressed to
Dr. Halley, with a view of
*' Showing that Mysteries in Faith were unjustly objected to by
mathematicians, who admitted much greater mysteries, and even
falsehoods, in science, of which he endeavoured to prove that the
doctrine of fluxions furnished an eminent example." See Cun-
ningham's Iliog. Diet. ; Biog. Brit.
The principal answer to the Analyst was supposed to
have been the production of Dr. Jurin ; it was entitled
Philalethes Cantabrigien.sis ; the bishop answered this by
A Defence of Free-thinking in Mathematics, 1735 ; and
Philalethes responded in the Minute Mathematician, In
1735, also, appeared Berkeley's Querist, intended to stimu-
late the Irish to develop the resources of their own coun-
try. His Discourse addressed to Magistrates, occasioned
by the enormous license and irreligion of the times, ap-
peared in 1736; Maxims Concerning Patriotism in 1750,
and Measure of Civil Submission in 1784, (posthumous.)
We class these tracts togetlier, as they are of the same
character. Having been benefited by the use of tar-water
during an attack of nervous colic, his active philanthropy
induced him to give to the world in 1774, Siris, a Chain
of Philosophical Reflections and Inquiries respecting the
virtues of Tar-AVater in the Plague, Svo : enlarged and
improved, 1747, Svo. In French, Amst, 1745, 12mo. Far-
ther Thoughts on Tar-Water, 1752, Svo. Many publica-
tions on both sides of the question followed the bishop's
work. We shall refer to it again before we clo.se this
article. The good man's health was now very infirm, and
he longed — as we all promise ourselves to do — to spend
some time in retirement from the world before he should
"go hence to be no more seen.'* With this object, he
begged leave to resign his bishopric, or exchange it for a
canonry at Oxford. The king however declared that Dr.
Berkeley should *'die a bishop in spite of himself," but he
had full permission to reside wherever he might think
proper. He accordingly removed to Oxford, letting the
lands of liis demesne at a rental of £200, which he di-
rected to be applied to the relief of the poor during his
absence. He was to return no more; he "had finished
his course;" and only a few months after his arrival at
Oxford, one Sunday evening, whilst engaged in devout
discourse with his family on the lesson in the Burial Ser-
vice, he was added to the many confirmations of the solemn
declaration, " In the midst of life, we are in death ;" and
without a moment's warning was ushered into the awful
presence of the "Judge of all the earth." In 1776 was
pub. An Account of his Life, with Notes, containing Stric-
tures upon his Works, Svo. In 1784, his Wlmle Wui ks,
with an Account of his life, and several of hit; Letters to
Thomas Prior, Esq., Dean Gervias, and Mr. Pope, Ac, by
T. Prior, Esq., 2 vols. 4to. There have been two recent
edits, of his Works, one in 3 vols. Svo, and another by
Rev. G. N. Wright, in 2 vols. Svo, pub. in 1S43. Mr. W.
gives a trans, of the Latin Essays, [Arithmetica, Miscel-
lanea, Mathematica, and De Motu,] and notes on the In-
troduction to Human Knowledge.
The reader will find in Phil. Trans., 1746, a paper of the
bishop's, On the Petrifaction of Lough Neagh in Ireland.
The character of this exemplary divine requires no
eulogy at our hands ; his contemporaries so well appreci-
ated his virtues whilst living, that extracts from their
commendation sound like transcripts from the monu-
mental marble.
" So much understanding," says Bishop Atterbury, " so much
innocence, and such humility, I did not think had been the por-
tion of any hut angels, till I saw this gentleman."
"I went to court to-day," writes Swift to Stella, "on purpose
to present Mr. Berkeley, one of your Fellows of Dublin College, to
Lord Berkeley of Stratton. That Mr. Berkeley is a very ingenious
man, and a great philosopher; and I have mentioned him to all
the ministers, and have given them sf»me of his writings, and I
will favour him as much as I can. This I think I am bound to,
in honour and conscience, to use all my little credit towards help-
ing forward men of worth in the world." — April I'J, 1713.
A long and interesting letter of Swift's to Lord Carteret
respecting Berkeley's Bermudas project, will be found in
Spence's Anecdotes, p. 252.
Lord Bathurst told Dr. Warton,
" That all the members of the Scriblerus Club being met at his
house at dinner, they agreed to rally Berkeley, who was also his
guest, on his scheme at Bermud.as. Berkeley, having listened to
all the lively things they had to say. begged io be heard in his
turn; and displayed his plan with such an astonishing and ani-
mated force of t-Ioquence and enthusiasm, that they were struck
dumb, and after some pause rose up all together with earnestness
exclaiming, ' Let us all set out with him immediately.' "
"Tliis plan, as well as the author of it. was pronounced to be
whimsical by the downright and sarcastic Doctor Douglass, in his
Historical and Political Summary; and he treats this excellent
man with some degree of severity, and principally, I apprehend,
because the bishop, in his Treatise on Tar-Water, had ventured
BER
without license to enter the precincts of the learned doctor's pro-
fession."— Chancellor Kent.
His influence with Pope, who ascribed " To Berkeley
every virtue under heaven," was so great that the eulo-
gist tolls us, '' In the Moral Poem, I had written an ad-
dress to our Saviour, imitated from Lucretius's compli-
ment to Epicurus: but omitted it, liy the advice of Dean
Berkeley."
" Deau Berkeley used t-o apply Horace's description of the Fortu-
nate Island [Epod. xvi. 41 to 63] to Bermudas, aud his scheme of
goini-' tliilhi r: and was so fond of this Epode on that account, that
he j^nf ,M['. I'ope to translate it into Eiij^Ush, and 1 have seen the
translation." — R. A. in Spencers Anecdotes.
The influence of Berkeley's writings in defence of Reve-
lation was most happy :
" Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, written with an inten-
tion to expose the weakness of intidelity and skepfici.sm, is pii-r-
haps the most ingenious and excellent performance of the kind in
the Eni^lish tongue." — BosweU on Sttidij.
This, like all hyperbolical praise, is in bad taste. It is
fully to say that any one composition on any subject is the
" most ingenious and excellent in the lanojuagc ;'' one may
as well specify, as some thoughtless people do, the hand-
somest woman, or the most polite man, or the most erudite
scholar ; such expressions of opinion are insulting to those
present, aud of but little value to the absent; for persons
whose good opinions are to be coveted avoid such shocking
absunlities.
It has been well said,
" In whatever estimation the philosophical opinions of Bishop
Berkeley may be held by the raet;i physicians of tlie present day,
it will be admitted by all who are conversant with his writings,
that he was a profound scholar, eminently skilled in logic aud
physiology, and deeply read in th.- ancient systt-nis of these
sciences. He has a higher claim than this to the veneration of pos-
terity, lie was a singularly good man, iu whom a warm benevo-
lence to his fellow-creatures, and a zrahms piety to God, were not
merely the enthusiasms of his heart, but the presiding rule of
his life."
Dr. Drake is equally enthui-^iastic in his admiration of
the good bishop :
'■ It may be said of Berkeley, without exaggeration, that in point
of virtue and benevolence, no one of the sons of men has exceeded
him. Whether we consider his public or his private life, we pause
in admiration of efforts uncommonly exalted, disinterested, and
pure. lie was alike an object of enthusiastic love and admiration
to extensive societies and to familiar friends. . . . His knowledge
was of great compass, and extended to all the usi^ful arts and oc-
cupations of life, of which it has been .said, that thi're is scarcely
one, liberal or mechanic, of which he knew not more than the
ordinary practitioner." — Essaj/s, vol. iii. ; and see Blackwood's Me-
moirs of the Com-t of Augustus, vol. ii.
Even when engaged upon objects not directly in the line
of his profession, the good bishop " each fond endear-
ment tries'* to raise the minds of his readers to the exalted
hopes and consolations connected with a brighter sphere
and a higher state of being. Dr. Wartou's comment upon
Siris is worth quoting iu this connexion:
"Many a vulgar ciilii' has sii-nrcil :it Berkeley's Siris, for begin-
ning at Tar, and ending with the Trinity; incapable of observing
the great art with wiiich the transitions in that book are finely
made, where each paniu'raph depends upon and arises out of the
preceding, and gradually and imperceptibly leads on the reader
from common objects to more remote, — from matter to spirit, —
from earth to Heaven."
A valuable Review of Siris will be found in the Retro-
spective Review, vol. xi. 239. Thi.s periodical, now, alas!
very scarce and expensive, shoulil be purchased by the
lover of Old English Literature, whenever the chance may
present itself.
"Tar- Water rose into general esteem as a medicine, soon after
Berkeley's book made its appearance. Its virtues as a tonic will
probably be admitted at present, [1S25;1 but it was at that time
considered by many persons, and our author was the most zealous
amongst them, not merely as a cure for almost every disorder in-
cident to the human frame, but as a sure conservative of health,
and a guard against infection and old age." — Edros]). Review.
For a paper on Berkeley and Idealism, and a notice of
Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, see Black-
wood's Magazine, vol. li. 812.
"The doctrines of Berkeley, incomplete as they apjiear when
viewed as the isolateil tenets of an individual, and short as they
no doubt fell, iu his hands, of their proper and ultimate expres-
sion, acquire a fuller and profnunder siijnificance when studied in
cnnneftion with the speculations which have since followed in
their train."
The value of the commendation subjoined is too well
known to require any thing but the names of the critics :
' " Possessing a mind which, however inferior to that of Locke in
depth of reflection and in soundness of judgment, was fully its
equal in logical acuteiicss and invention, and in learning, fancy,
and taste far its superior. Berkeley was singularly fittid to pro-
mote that reunion of Philosophy and of the Fine Arts whicli is so
essential to the prosperity of both. . . . With those intellectual
and moral endowments, admired and blazoned as they were by the
most di.stinguisiied wits of his age, it is not surprising that Berke-
ley should have given a popularity and fashion to "metaphysical
BER
pursuits which they had never before acquired in England."—
BuGALD STEWtUT: \Rt Prelim. Diss, to Encyc. Brit.
" Ancient learning, exact science, polished society, modern lite-
rature, aud the fine arts, contributed to adorn and enrich the
niiud of this accomplished man. All his contemporaries agreed
with the satirist in ascribing
' To Berkeley every virtue under heaven.'
Adverse factions and hostile wits concurred only in loving, ad-
miring, and contributing to advance him. The severe sense of
Swift endured his visions ; the modest Addison endeavoured to
reconcile Clarke to his ambitious speculations. His charactei- con-
verted the satire of I*ope into fervid praise. Even the di.scerning,
fastidious, and turbulent Atterbury said, after an interview with
him, ' So much understanding, so much knowledge, so much in-
nocence, and such humility. I did not think had been the portion
of any but angels, till I saw this gentleman.' . . . Of theex'inisit«
grace and beauty of his diction, no man accustomed to English
composition can need to be informed. His works are, beyond dis-
pute, the finest models of philosophical style since Cicero. Per-
haps they surpass those of the orator, in the wonderful art by
which the fullest light is thrown on the most minute and evanes-
cent parts of the most subtile of human conceptions. Perhaps he
also surpassed Cicero in the charm of simplicity." — Sir Jam£.s
Mackintosh ; 'Id Prdim. Dissert. Encf/c. Brit.
In the life and in the death of Berkeley and Swift there
was just that contrast which aims so widely at variance
would lead us to expect. The one amidst labours and
self-sacrifice passed his days in tranquillity, aud, — his last
years solaced by
" That which should accompany old age,
As honmir, love, obedience, troops of friends" —
whilst engaged in enforcing those truths which his own
life had exemjilified, exchanged confiding hope for joyful
fruition in "the vision of the Almighty." The other,
tempest-driven by the storms of passion, the victim of
blighted projects and disappointed schemes, at war with
his race and with himself, only exchanged insane ravings
for idiotic imbecility, ami sank into an unhonoured grave,
a mournful beacon to all who " set their affections upon
the earth," aud content themselves with genius unsancti-
fied by heavenly wisdom. Young man ! to whom God
hath granted mental capacity and intellectual wealth, look
first upon that [lieture, then on this, and .say which shall be
the object of thy ambition, Jonathan Swift, or George
Berkelkv?
Berkeley, George, 1733-1795, son of the preced-
ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxford, at the age of
nineteen. lie entered into holy orders, and held several
preferments — Prebendary of Canterbury, Ac, — at the
time of his death. In 1785 he pub. two Sermons respect-
ing the Stuarts and their adherents, 17So-89; and a Ser-
mon on Good Friday, 1787.
'• As an author we readily allow that mi-rit in Mr. Berkeley to
which we cannot so freely subscribe when we consider him as a
statesman or politician. This nation neuer did, and, we apprehend,
jievcr can,prosjmr under the influence of Tory principles of govern-
ment."— Lon. Monthly Eevietv.
His widow pub. a volume of his Sermons in 1799. This
lady, who was a frequent contributor to that invaluable
periodical, the Gentleman's Magazine, also pub. in 1797
a volume of poems (with a preface of her own) written by
her son, George Monck Berkeley. {See below.)
Berkeley, Hou. George Charles Grantley
Fitzhardiiige, sou of the fifth Earl of Berkeley, born
ISnO, was M.P. for Gloucestershire West from 1832 to
'52. Author of Berkeley Castle, a Novel, London, 1836,
3 vol.«. Svo, which was so severely reviewed by Dr. Maginn,
in Eraser's Magazine for August, 1836, that it led to a
duel between author and critic, in which three shots were
exchanged. Mr. Grantley Berkeley subsequently pub-
lished another novel. Saudron Hall, 3 vols. p. Svo, and a
pamphlet upon Field-Sports antl Poaching.
Berkeley, George Monck, son of the preceding,
author of the volume of Poems mentioned above, made
some other contributions to the cause of literature. In
1789 he pub. Literary Relics, containing original Letters
from King Charles II., King James II., the Queen of Bo-
hemia, Swift, Berkeley', Addison, Steele, Congreve, the
Duke of Ormond, and Bishop Rundle ; to which is pre-
fixed an Inquiry into the Life of Dean Swift, 8vo.
"The temper of mind with wliich Mr. Berkeley enters on his in-
quiry, and its unfavourable tendency to prt-ni-'ti' tiuth. will be
seen by every one who attends to his treatnn iil nf hnrJ l.trrery.
His lordship is not only denied all kind of literary merit, but his
name is coupled with the most reproachful epilhets; we read of
' the yelps of Lord Orrery,' and ' the howl of Lord Orrery :' Lord
Orrery is ' a common sewer and a monster,' who, though he had
not even the courage of an ass to insult the dying lion, yet, mon-
ster-like, preyed upon the carcase.*' — Lon. Monthly Review.
Berkeley, George, Ear! of, d. 1608, aged 71. de-
scended iu a direct line from Robert Fitzharding, of the
royal house of Denmark, was noted for his exemplary
piety and conciliating manners. From this latter charac-
teristic AVychcrlcy was induced to chronicle him as Lord
177
BER
BER
Plausible, in tte Plain Dealer. His lord.hip was author ' To sum up the doctor s various characters he was, 1. A
of an excellent booli entitled Historical ApplieatioDS, and Soldier. 2. A Doctor of Mcdieme 3. An Author. 4 A
occasional Meditations upon several subjects. Don., 1670, , Classical Scholar. 6 A Ma hemat.can 6. A Botamst.
12mo ; 3d edit., 16S0. His lordship also pub. A Speech i 7. A Chemist. 8. A Pohtical Economist 9. A I>"Plo»a-
to the Levant Company at their Annual Election, 1680. ; list. 10. A Poet. 11 A Painter 12. A Musician What
He gave to the LibiLy of Sion College a valuable collee- a hydra-headed member ol society was Dn Berkenhout
iion^of books, formed by Sir Robert Coke. | Berket, Henry. Poemata, 1615, 4to. Privately
"The Uistorii-al Appli.ation serves to confirm the account of , P"^^ ,"- , T^mps The Troasurv of Drue-s unlocked,
his lordships aminhl,' .hanicter which was given by Mr. Fcnton; 1 Berlie, J. JameS. Ihe treasury 01 Drugs unioCKea,
and though much ..iii.hr,! bv selected passages from other wri- , or a description of all sorts ol Duigs, Lon., IbyU.
ters, has many valuable scutimeuts intermingled by the noble I Bernard, Andrew, an Austin Friar, born at lou-
moraUst." — rark's Walpf^^s R. d: K. Authors. | Jouse, was Pacta Lanrcuiua to Henry VII. and Henry
Berkeley, John. Collectanea Historica complexa ; VIII., historiographer, and also preceptor in Grammar, to
ipsius Negotiationem Anni 1647 cum Olivario Cromwel, I Prince Arthur. He wrote some Latin pieces, which are in
Ireton, et aliis Excrcitus Pra'fectis pro Revocatione Ca-
roli I. in Regni Adininistrationem, Lon., 1699, 8vo.
Berkeley, Joshua, D.D. The DiflEculties attending
a just Explanation of the Scriptures considered, as they
have arisen from the gradual Progress of revealed Reli-
gion, through a length of time; a Sermon on 2 Tim. ii.
15, 17S0, 4to. [Visitation.]
Berkeley, Mary, Countess Powager of. An
Address to the House of Peers of the tliiitcd Kingdom,
Lon., 1811, 8vo. On this claim a nuiulior of pamphlets
have appeared. See Lowndes's Bildiographer's Manual.
Berkeley, Rev. Thomas. Wilderness, or Prolu-
sions in verse, 1811, 12tno.
Berkeley, Sir William, d. 1677, for nearly 40 years
governor of Virginia, was the author of A Discourse and
View of Virginia, pp. 12, 1663, fob; The Lost Lady; A
Tragi-Comcdy, 1639; and (according to the Biog. Dramat.)
MS. in the Cottonian Libr.ary ; among these are an Address
to Henry VIII., a Chronicle of the Life and Achievements
of Henry VII. to the taking of Porkin Warbeck, and other
historical commentaries on the reign of that king.
" I am of opinion that it was not customary for the royal laure-
ate to write in English, till the reformation of religion bad begun
to diminish the veneration for the Latin language; or rather, tiU
the love of novelty, and a better sense of things, had banished
the narrow pedantries of monastic erudition, an'd taught us to
cultivate our native tongue."— Wm-ton's Uktory of English BjelTij,
vol. ii.
Bernard, Charles. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1696.
Bernard, Chris. Letter to the Netherlands, Oxon.,
1655, fol.
Bernard, Chris. Present State of Surgery, Lon.,
1703, 4to.
Bernard, Edward, D.D., 1638-1696, an eminent
critic, astronomer, and linguist, was a native of Korth-
a pl.ay called" Cordelia, 1662, not printed, ascribed to Sir \ amptonshire. In 1655 he was elected scholar of St
William Hartley. In Francis Moryson's edit, of the Laws \ John's College, Oxford, of which he was subsequently a
of Virginia, Lon., 1662. fob, the Preface informs us that
Sir William was the author of the best of them.
Berkenhead, Sir John. See Birkenhead.
Berkenhout, Mrs. Ilelina. The History of Vic-
toria Mortimer, Lon., 1S05, 4 vols. 12mo.
Berkenhout, John, M.D.. b. about 1730, d. 1791, a
native of Leeds, rose to the rank of Captain iu the Prus-
sian service, then studied medicine, and added the claims
of authorship and diplomacy to his other titles to distinc-
tion. In 1778 he visited Philadelphia, by order of the
English government, to assist in the negotiations with the
American Congress. He has been very foolishly compared
to the *' Admirable Crichton." His merits, however, are
undoubtedly great. He pub. m.any professional, and other,
works, of which we name a few : Clavis Anglica Linguse
Bolnnicat! Linniei, 1762, 8vo. Pharmacopoeia Medicse,
1756, Svo; 3d edit, 1762, Outlines of the Natural His-
tory of Great Britain and Ireland : containing an arrange-
ment of all the animals, vegetables, and fossils, which
have hitherto been discovered in these kingdoms, Lon.,
1767-71, 3 vols. Svo; reprinted together in 1773; and a
2d edit, in 1788, 2 vols, Svo. under the title of A Synopsis
of the Natural History of Great Britain, Ac. Biographia
Literaria; or a Biogr.iphical History of Literature, con-
taining the Lives of English, Scotch, and Irish, Authors,
from tile dawn of Letters in these kingdoms to the present
time, chronologically and classically arranged, vol. i.,
Lon., 1777, 4to ; this is all that appeared. Vol. i. com-
prehends from the beginning of the 5th to the end of the
16th century. Vols. 2d and 3d were to have been de-
voted to the authors of the 17th century, and vol. iv.
(conclusion) would have taken in the time from 1700 to
about 1777.
" The lives are very short, and the author frequently introduces
sentiments hostile to religious establishments and doctrines, which
could not be very acceptal>le to English readers. The dates and
fects, however, are given with great accuracy : and in many of the
lives he profited by the assistance of George Steevens, Esq., the
celebrated commentator on Sh.akspeare."
A new edit, of Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, Lon.,
1779, 4to. Symptomatology, Lon., 1781, 8vo. The First
Lines of the Theory and Practice of Philosophical Che-
mistry, Lon., 1778, 8vo, dedicated to Mr. Eden, afterwards
Lord Auckland, wliom the doctor accompanied to America.
Letters on Education, to his son at Oxford, 1791, 2 vols.
12mo. The doctor printed Proposals for a History of
Middlesex, including London, 4 vols. fol. The design was
abandoned, and the Proposals not circulated. The doctor
also pub. treatises on Gout, 1772. Luculirations on Ways
and Means. 1780, and a trans, of Dr. Pomme's Treatise on
Hypochondria, &c., iu 1777.
'■ When we rettect on the variety of books th.at bear his name,
we cannot but ha surprised at the extent and variety of the know-
ledge they contain. . . . .\n individual so universally informed as
Dr. litTkenhout. is an extraordinary appearance in the republic of
Jatters." — C/ialmers's Biog. Diet.
178
Fellow. He visited Holland three times in the course of
his learned investigations. In the praiseworthy effort
made at Oxford in 1670 to collect and publish the works
of the ancient mathematicians, Bernard took an active
part. He compiled a valuable synopsis of the authors se-
lected for publication, which compilation will be found in
Dr. Thomas Smith's Life of Bernard. It is to be regretted
that the plan was not carried out with the same zeal which
first suggested it. He drew up a very complete Index to the
Catalogus Manuscriptorum Anglia; et Hiberniie, Oxon.,
1697, fol. In this Index he specifies many valuable Greek
MSS. in several foreign libraries, as well as those at home.
In 1673 he succeeded Christopher Wren, to whom he had
been deputy since 1669, as Savilian Professor of Astro-
nomy at Oxford. His contributions to the works of his
learned contemporaries were numerous. For a list, see
Watt's Bib. Brit. Dr. Smith mentions one admirable trait
in his character, which we desire in our present literary
undertaking to profit by:
" He was a candid judge of other men's performances; not too
censorious even on trifling books, if they contained nothing con-
trary to good manners, virtue, or religion; and to those which dis-
played wit, learning, or good sense, none gave more ready and
ample praise." — Life of Bernard.
We would fain make our Index Expurgatorius as small
as possible, yet at our own hazard must we reniemljer tho
motto of our illustrious predecessors of the Ediulnirgli
Review — the only line of Publius Syrius according to .Syd-
ney Smith, with which the critics were acquainted;
" Jndex Damnatur Cum Nocens Absoltiti-r."
Many books from Dr. Bernard's Library were purchased
for the Bodleian Library by the agency of Humphrey
Wanley.
'' The addition made to the Bodleian from Br. Bernard's study
was of the greatest importance, and contained many of tho most
valuable books, both printed and MSS.. nowin the library." See
Wanley's interesting memoranda in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.,
vol. iv. 707.
"He was a person admirably well read in all kinds of ancient
learning, in Astronomy and Slatbematics. a curious Critic, an ex-
cellent Grecian. Latini'st. Chronologer, and Orientalian.'" — Wood.
Bernard, Sir Francis, Bart., d. 1779, Governor,
first, of New Jersey, and afterwards of Massachusetts, pub.
Letters to tho Earl of Hillsborough, and Letters to tho
Ministry, Lon., 1769, Svo. Select Letters on the Tr.ado
and Government of America, Ac, 1774, Svo, Some of his
Greek and Latin Poems were pub. in the Pietas and Gra-
tulatio, Camb.. 1761.
Bernard, H. II. Guide to the Hebrew Biblical Stu-
dent, Lon., Svo. The Main Principles of the Creed, and
Ethics of the Jews. Ac, Camb., 1832, Svo,
" Besides communicating to the English reader the sentiments,
traditions, and s.avings of the ancient r.abbins quoted by Maimo-
nidcs. the volume'will m.ateriallv contribute to supply the Biblical
sludiMit with the means, at present scarcely within his reach, of
acquiring an accurate knowledge of rabbinical Hebrew."— 2furac'«
hitrodiuAion*
BER
See Brit.Crit., April 1833 ; and Christian Remembrancer,
vol. xir., 1832.
Bernard, John. Orntio de vera Anima Tranniiili-
tato, Londini, 156.8, 4to. Trans, by Anth. Marten, Lon.,
Io70, 8vo.
Bernard, John. The Independanfs Catechism, Lon.,
1645, 8vo. '
Bernard, John. Retrospections of the Stage, 1830
Bernard, John Peter, a,ssisted Birch, Lockman,
bale, and otlier.s in the compilation of the General Dic-
tionary, Historical and Critical, [including Bayle's 1 1734-
41, 10 vols. fol. o J tj
Bernard, Nathaniel. Sermon, O.ion., 1643 4to
Bernard, Nicholas, D.D., d. 1661, was educ'ated'at
the University of Cambri.I-e. By the interest of Arch-
bishop Dsher he was promoted to the De.mery of Arila.'h
A Sermon preached at the Burial of John Athcrtc.n iTist
Bishop of Waterford, Lon., 1641, 4to. The publication
ot this sermon gave much offence. The Whole Proceed
i°S°^"V ^'"'"'' °^ I>roshed,a, Lon., 1642, 4to ; Dubl ,
;/ rpv ^■•■''0S"° between Paul and Agrippa, Lon., 1642
4to. The Life and Death of Archbishop Usher, in a ser-
mon preached at his Funeral, Lon., 1656, 12mo- after
wards enlarged. The Judgment of Archhp. Usher on the
Extent 01 Christ s Death and Satisfaction, on the Sabbath,
and Observance of the Lord's Day, Lon., 1657 Rvo This
treatise was noticed by Dr. Pete; Heylyn in Respondent
Petrus, Ac., 16o8, 4to. Devotions of the Ancient Church,
in seven pious prayers, Lon., 1660, 8vo. Clavi Trabales,
?■'. J??." °'' *'"' ^""^ '^""^ "'''er publications,
of thJ"^ ? " ^/^.'i"' ''V.'°e "'■'">■ <>PP"'-'u"ities of takins notice
R„' , / ' r^.'t? '".""'"^ oflcrninc and judgment of Mr.
Bernard, emplnved hini in makins rnlLvtions fir some works he
Th^'p v" j;";:!'"'*'?-' ""'' ■"•"■'" P^rti'ol^rl.v for the .Intiquities n?
V!^9""m..fl Brit ' ■"" °°' "P'*''"' '" P""""^ *"'""' y^' '
Bernard, Richard, b. 1566, or 1.567, d. 1641, an emi-
nent Puritan divine, was educated at Christ's College Cam-
bridge. Terence's Comedies trans, into English 1598 4to •
often reprinted; the first trans, into English of the whole
01 lerence. Plain Evidence that the Church of England
is Apostolical, and the separation schismatical, leitf, 4to
A Key tor opening the Mysteries of the Revelation of St.
John Lon. lb 17, 4to. The Fabulous Foundation of the
Popedom, showing that St. Peter was never at Rome, Oxf.,
1619 4to Fai hful Shepherd, 1607, 4to. Looke beyond
Luther Lon 1623, 4to. He pub. .several other jdeces
agamst the Church of Rome. A Guide to Grand Jury-
men with respect to Witches, Lon., 1627, 12mo. This part
^M wTT"'^' ^'■^■•'""S t" Granville, was much infected
with Witches. The Isle of M.an, or legal proceedings in
,t, ?0 h?r1'!""i1^-'?' \?"- "'2'' 8™- The' work reached
Hi, f P '" V'-l",' .So"*^ -suppose it to have been the
germ of Bunyan s Pilgrim's Progress, and Holy War. Wo
Bhall refer to this subject under Bunyan. The Bible
Battels, or the Sacred Art Military, Lon., 1629, 12mo.
Thesaurus Bibhcus sive Promptuarium .Sacrum, Londini,
4to, with portj-ait by Hollar, Lon., 1661, fol ■ enl.ar.'ed
edit., 1664. Ruth's Recompense, &c., Lon., 1628, 4to, and
other works. / » > "■"«
Bernard, Samnel, Jr. The Es.sence, Spiritnalitv,
and (glorious Issue of the Religion of Christ; to all God's
chosen exhibited m Remarks on the '• Verily, Verilv " as
"'n Jiir/i "PK '° "^"-^ P"'^ "f S"!ptare, 1807. 12mo.
Bernard, Jhos. Advantagesof Learning, 1736 8vo
Bernard, S.rThomas,1750-]SlS, son of Sir Frauds
Bernard (see a,„e,) was educated at Harvard College, New
fnt^Je,"il <■" ''T"-"' f"'.'^ ft'- years as conveyancer,
of be n?hr '^"'Z '"'''"'''■ ''"■""^'' ^'' "f" '" the benefi
of the public The improvement of the physical and reli-
gious condition of the poor, and the literary and scientific
advancement of the wealthier classes of society e,, .ally en!
listed the ^eal .and called forth the energies of hi. mdv
amiable man. The chimney-sweeper of St. Giles fel he
S" Hrnhfv'-D""^" °' ^'^ ^-«™'-' interposTtion a'nd
tl e Bn^Ji 7 .."•!? won undying laurels on the stage of
the Royal Institution, which Sir Francis Bernard con-
tributed to found. The Free Chapel in St. ffiles L
British Institution, and the Hospital for Foundling bea?
tTinlw'l ',?.'"? P''"''°«bropy of a man who ha'd'prac-
lelf"^ In the e^", r1™ ""''; '"'■"' °f "^ '""^'h t» him-
bJd th. ! • ^t'lWishment of the Royal Institution, he
had the active co-operation of Count Rumford. See an
in DTbd'in? B™"" ■ "^ '^^ ^''' ^''""'' ^' 'I'i^ Institution"
in Dibdm s Reminiscences, vol. i.
Sir Thomas pub. a number of w'orks on the obiects which
to 'ZT-t, ".""■? \™rs ""'"'' "<= Observations relating
to the Liberty of the Press, Lon., 1793, 8to. Letter tS
BER
■the Lord Bishop of Durham on the Measures under consi-
''"';'"'™ °/ P""™ent for promoting Industry and the
Relief of the Poor, 1807, 8vo. The New School; beins
an attempt to illustrate its Principles and Advantages, 3d
edit., 1810, 8vo. The Barrington School : being an Illus-
tration of the Principles, Practices, and Effects of the Svs
torn of Instruction, in facilitating the Religi,>us and Moral
Instruction of the Poor, 1812, 8vo. An Account of the
supply of Fish for the Manufacturing Poor, ISl'i 8vo
On the Supply of Employment and Subsistence for the
Labouring Classes in Fisheries, Manufactures, and Culti-
vation of Waste Land, Ac, 1816. This good man also
wrote Spurinua, or the Comforts of Old Age; with Notes
and Biographical Illustrations, 1816, 8vo. The author had
I taken the most certain means of securing the Comforts of
(|ld Age by devoting his days of strength and activity to
the g„od of his fellow-man, and the honour of his God
■ !u '""/'.ew of inducing others to seek true happiness
in the unfailing source from which he had long dr.awn his
own consolations, he pub. in 1806, An Historical View of
Christianity, containing Select Pass.ages from Scripture
with a Commentary by Edward Gibbon, Esq., and Notes
by Lord \ iscount Bolingbroke, M. de Voltaire, and others.
rrm-e tl" Tk'"",-"^."''',''^."'"' "f **■'" '^'"B"'" puMication is to
u. bftl authentieity of Divine revelation from the testimony of
ts bitterest enemies It is a very insenious method of turninR
the weapons of unl.ehevers against themselves."— Lowndes
He was connected with Dr. Dibdin in the publication of
the Director, 2 vols., 1 807, 8vo, a weekly periodical, in which
i jW "L I-e^'ufes delivered at the Royal Institution,
I and the Pictures exhibited at the Bristol Gallery, occupy
a prominent place His friend and coadjutor bears tesU-
"°°y »° ">« "cellenee of the subject of our memoir.
Sir Ihomas Bernard did much and great good as a philanthro-
firr;„' ;>,■• , "■f'V'* to devot* the approaching autumn of his
hfe to objects of real practical utility, and he made Bettfrino the
CONDITION of TUE Poor one of those most essential ol™ How
ard explored dungenns. Sir Thomas visited drawing-rooms to lav
obWt"°In";ho°"t'b'""'°? *"■""' ^"PP"'^ °f l"^ avowrfiilin^
^H. ,,■„., i,--*'i'"™''°'™™ ™'''y "'«■'«!<• to have become /■7.,;,io^
ahlt under his intluencc. Great efforts, on all sides, were m.^
™?SuaN wr,b ';:'-^''"''^'"™«f ™t °f ""mber sprung up to " lesi
m.2^!^TjCr'y,,nJ^Z',T'' '" satisfy our poor with bread.''-
Bernard, n'iUiam Bayle, b. 1808, at Boston: he
prepared for the press his father's '• Recollections of the
Stage, and was the author of many popular plays, the
best-known of which are: The Nervous Man and the Man
of Nerve; Irish Attorney; The Mummy; His Last Legs;
p.™'' /^'*l'<^'' ,™e Boarding-school; Round of Wrong
Life s Trials. &c. °'
Bernardi, Major John, 1657-1736. an English offi-
cer descended from an ancient family which had fiourisbed
at Lucca. Italy from the year 1097, was a zealous adhe-
rent of James IL In 1696 ho was imprisoned as accom-
plice m the plot for assassinating King William. There
was no jproof against him, yet six successive parliaments
(under four sovereigns) pa.ssed acts to detain him and five
others m prison He died in Newgate, after a confine-
ment of neariy forty years. He wrote an account of his
Life. Lon.. 1729. 8vo. .See Biog. Brit
Bernays, Leopold J. Goethe's Faust, part ii. A
trans., partly in the Metres of the Original, and partly in
de''m°'8vo "' "^ *^""="'^'" ^'^"^'i '-'* other Poems,
'• Mr. Bernays. an idoUter of the poet, has rendered his extraor-
dmary production partly into prose^and partly info the orighS
metres; in both he has displayed a knowledge of hs priming
and a command of the two lanBuages."_i„„. Literati (Se
a,„,i)^;«^™Z™r' ^"■"' ^""' '"^ "'='"^'" tia-'nslation."-
Berners, John Bonrchier, Lord, d. 1532, aged
63, a descendant of Edward IIL, Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer under Henry VIII., and Deputy-General of Calais
and Its Marches, is best known .as a translator of the
grand old Chronicle of Froissart. Froissart, a canon of
wo churches, was a resident of England, as Secretary to
the Queen of Edward IIL. from 1361 to 1366 In 1395
he paid another visit to England. His Chronicle— which
is one of the most enchanting pictures or picture-galleries
ever devised by the wit and drawn by the pen of man
—depicts the campaign of Edward III. upon the Conti-
nent, and contemporaneous events in the princip.al conn-
tries of Europe. In the formation of his history Froissart
employed 40 years. That amiable enthusiast. Dr. Dibdin
thus commends this author: '
■■ Let mc press strongly on the ' Young Man's' attention tho
importance, the mstruction. and the never-failing source of amus^
♦ •'■ "' ^'^'"^^"'y- -"-hich has alike endeared the author t^"ht
antiquary, the man of taste, and even to the lover of romantic
lore. The pages of Froiss.irt exhibit a perfectly natural and ulea^
ing picture. Conversations, skkmishes, battle^the couXy tht
179
BER
lown-scenes within the tent, the palace. orthechiirch-thequiet-|
of oastoral occupations, or the tumult of a popular assembly— i
?heM!and every thing which he touches, are hit off ma manner
the most simple and striking imaginable; and ?fvere indeed must
he that taste, and fastidious that feeling, which shall deny to the ,
pages of this historian the merit of great ", <='-^< 'nff bandit
aooarent fidelity. His episodes are occasionally delightful, and it
fs evident that he was fond of them. Ue has also a peculiar art
u suspending the main narrative, (when the interest .^ l.e™i^"?S
more and more intense,) by the relation of a number of little cir^
"umstances which only makes us return to it wMth a keener appe-
tit" It cannot be denied that Froissart has admirably de-
scribed the campaigns of our Edward upon the Continent, when
the British arms were covered with glory, when a spiiit of chi
*hf, amounting to the romantic, stirred eve,7 ''^''^^'•••'■f '!:;"'^:J
everv arm The splendours of Cressy and Poictiers are but slisWly
Sd™ at all' by the achievements of Aginconrt and W aterloo."
-^"ur,2T:'rT..i Froissartr-'No,' was Morton's answer
■I have h Ufa "'ind.' said Claverhouse, ' to contrive you should
have sU n onths" mprlsonment, in order to procure you that plea-
™re His chapters inspire me with more enthusiasm than poetry
itself.'"— OW Mm-Uditl)
As the name of Monstrclet is closely associated with
Froissart, wo may mention that the history of the former,
the Chronicles of France and England, comprehencls the
period from 1400 to 1467, continued by others to 1616.
[see notice of the translations of Froissart and Monstrclet,
by Colonel Thomas Johnes, under his name.) Lord Ber-
ners's translation of Froissarfs Chronicles, made by com-
mand of Henry VIII., has been highly commended.
"A soldier a statesman, and a scholar, this nobleman was sm-
..nlarlv well adapted for the tosk which he undertook. Indeed,
?o^sM^e,rng the pStd of its completion, it was a sort of hterary
miracle.-— DiBDiN : iita-ary ComiKnjion.
In correctness, as well as in other valuab e qualities,
Lord Berners's translation has been considered superior to
that of C.°1™';1 Jf^f/i^-^f y, „,M„al. Lord Berners's transla-
Si-t SiSrivTiT^LS fib '^^J
a tT.aSion;'-From tU reprint of PymmS Ut edU. oj 1523--5 .
E. V. UTTERSON. . T -no OK
Lord Berners's translation first appeared in \b2i-Zb,
printed by Pynson in two folio volumes. A per ect copy
of this edition is very rarely to be found : so d at the Rox-
burohe sale, 7988, for £63. The latter portion of the se-
coi'd volume is sometimes "made up" from the reprint by
^'i'il^^C'^'ie^rint of 1812, 4to, two vols, [by E. V. Utte.
son 1 mlv rest perfectly satisfied that he has the text of Lord Iler-
ne^-s a" CO rectly given as in the first edition by Pynson, with .a
ereatnumbe? of proper names, in places and persons corrected
fnto the bargain. If, however, the -Young Man' sigh, and sigh
deepll for he oik-bounden impression of Pynson. he must pur-
chase it-but with caution and previous collation. -DlBDl.v.
Wo give a list of translations by Lord Bernors. The
reader will notice the variable orthography of the name
and title of the knight; of those cited no two are altoge-
ther alike. 1. The Chronicles of Englande, Frannce
Snnyne, Portyngale, Scotlande, Bretayne Flaunders, and
lllr Places adionynge, traslated out of Frenche intoour
matcrnall Englysshe Tonge, by JoA.-ii *""■''""• ^" '></'"•
Xo.rfe Bcrn.rs. London, by Richard Pynson lo23-2o
Made, as we have stated above, by command of Henry
2 The Hystory of the moost noble and valyaunt knyght
Arthur of lytell brytayne, translated out of frensshe in to
englisshe by the noble Mum bonrycher knyght lorde Bm -
lc% newly "cmprynted. This was printed by Redborne
.' In the class if romances of chivalry we have several transl^
tions in the black letter; such are the Mort d'Arthur, Huon of
Bordeaux etc The best translations, now very rare and high
Priced S tho^e of Lord Berners, the admirable translator of Frois-
Lrt in the reicn of llenrv 8; and not the least of his men s is
now !te genuVne antique ksi of his style.»-««.0«i,« of LUcra-
"""'sce copious notices of the translation of Arthur in the
British Bibliographer, iv., 228, and in Dil»l>n « Ames, iv.,
TlO There las a new edition by E. V Utterson, pub
Lon., 1814, 4to; with a series of plates from illummatcd
3. The'Famons E..cploits of Huon do Bourdeanx trans
ty Sir Join BourM.r, Lord Bernrrs Lon 1601, 4to ; ..d
edit. Done at the desire of the Earl of Huntingdon.
'''"4°The^golden Boke of Marcus Aurelins, Emperour and
Oratour, translated out of Frenehe into Englisho by Jo/>n
BourcJner, Knmhte, Lordc Earners. London in the House
of Tho. Bertlielet, (1534,) 16mo. Thirteen editions be-
tween 1534 and 1587 ! Undertaken at the desire ol his
ucphew, Sir Francis Bryan. , . ,
6. The Castle of Lone, translated out of Spaynyshe into
180
BER
Eoglvsbe by Join Bowrehier Kmjghl Lord Berners Impr.
bv me Robert Wyer, 8vo. Dedicated to the lady of Sir
Nicholas Carew, at whose desire he translated it trom the
^Telto composed a book entitled Of the Duties of the
Inhabitants of Calais, and a Comedy called It* in Vineam,
which was usually acted in the great Church at Calais
''""evera'iwters by Lord Berners occur in the Bri«sh Museum
roTTON Call". D. ix.. Vesp. C. i. and ¥. xin., U.iai.., 295. In \ e^
pasta &L, 147, is an original dispatch from lord Berners and
John kite to king Ilenrv the Eighth, giving an account of their
;^oterv^wwi?h Charles, king of Castile and Arragon, This is very
curious, and has been reprinted in Utterson's edition of Froissart,
i^re&cev V2"—Xotcin Bliss's Woxl-sAthen.Oxm
•^ " LordBerners was instructed in several sorts of learning
in tW° unive?sTty in the latter end of K. Edw. 4: in whose reign
^nd befcre were the sons of divers of the English nobil.y edu-
cated inlciScal literature in Baliol Coll., wherein as tis pro-
table this our author was instructed also. After he had left the
Xtm de^him first knVn to. hwori^^^^^^^^^
rhe\rruftl»n;?aef»(blacUsmith,abo^^^^
'''.^^:!jgnl"^eTafS]".o'lie?"r^p;;^7hormeiI.V^^^^
been a fl^'traveller and great linguist, he translated ^any books
out of French, Spanish, and It.alian. besides some of his own
™ak°nK [Bale de Scriptoribus Britannicis Cent vii.. nuni .., and
wis in anno 1M2.] 1 behold his as the second (accounting the
ford'Tiptof^the flrsi) noble hand. wMch since the decay ^jearn-
in» tnokanen therein, to be authorof a book, —fuller's n/Mliiici,.
f-But I have shown that Lord Berners was but^the fifth wiit«r
I among the nobUity, in order of time."- Tn<!i)o!e'. Jtoyal and Aobh
' ■''"in'tbis work is a long extract from Lord Berners's epis-
tle dedicatory of the Castle of Love, to Lady Carew. Wo
give a short specimen, which is curious as exhibiting tho
ortho^raphv of the day :
" To^the pood and vertuons lady ; the lady Carewe gretyn^e.
"The affecciant desyre and obligation that I am bounds m to-
warls you! rvt-hte vertuons and good lady, as well for the good-
less that i" hath pleased vou to shewe me, as for the nyreness of
Mnsanguini"; hath encoraged me to accomplyshe your desyre
In translating this present booke. And though my so doynge can
notbe°co„es'pondeSt anything to recompense y°7 XchT^thls
not being i.'noraunt of your goodwd and desyre. the w hich in this
Luse I take for the hole effecte; thinking thereby to do you some
3e rememoiacion, and also bycause the matter is very pleasant
lOT,ong?l™hes.and gentlewomen: therefore I have^ enterpeysed
toridu?e the Lme from Spanishe into the Englyshe tonge not
adorned with so freshe eloquence that it should mer.te to be pr.^
sented to your goodnes." i„„iiooo ;. h»
Berners, or Barnes, Juliana, b. about loSS, is be-
lieved to have been the daughter of Sir James Berners, a
favourite of Richard the Second, and beheaded in 1388 as
an evil counsellor to the king, and an enemy to the public
Juliana was celebrated for her extreme beauty and great
learning. She was prioress of Sopcwell Nunnery near St.
Alban's where she varied the devotions of tho cloister
with the sports of the field. Willing to impart to others
a knowledge of the mysteries which afforded so m.ich satis-
faction to herself, she wrote treatises on Hawking, Hunting,
^'.•F"S,'a''nabSss'''S-sedto turn author, we might more rea-
sonably have expected a manual of meditations for the closet or
selert rules for making salves, or distilling strong waters 1 it
the diversions of the world were not thought inconsistent with
the ch.Irac er of a religious lady of this eminent rank, who reseni-
Wed an abbot in respe^-t of exerc-ising an extensive manorial jimj
d c Im • and who hawked and hunted in common with other ladies
of d s inrtion This work however is here men loned because the
second of hese treatises is written in rhyme. It is spoken m her
seconu o' " •^="- .-y^ I i_„ otherwise a woman of authority, she
"rsun'l^X ."irorDamri suspect the whole to be a translation
?rom the French and Latin."- D'urton's Hu^lory of E„gh,h Poetry,
''"'•The treatise on fishing is not only the eariiest. but by far the
most curious essay upon angling which has ever appeared m the
FnSish or perhaps any other, language. In the most important
feafui7s:WaTton has c'losely followed this production. In p.ety
and virtue -in the inculcation of morahty.-in an ardent love
?or the r art, .aud still more, in that pl.acid and Christian spirit for
which fhramiable Walton was so conspicuous, the eariy writer
was scarcely inferior to his or her more celebrated successor.—
Un.,S^%iUioarayhe,'s Manual, which see for particulars of
'^'rhere'are' three treatises comprised in one volume with
this title • Tho Bokys of Hawking and Hunting, and also
of Cootarmuris, at St. Alban's, 1486, small folio. So rare
is this volume, that Dr. Dibdin estimates a perfect copy
(of which Earl Spencer and the Earl of Pembroke each
had one) to be worth £420; a very imperfect copy pro-
duced £147 at the sale of the Library of the Dnke of Rox-
bur'bel resold at tho sale of the WhUe Knights (Duke
orMarborongh's) Library for £84. Tlio third book, on
Heraldic Blazonry, is supposed to be an addendum o the
"vo preceding, and a portion of a work by Nicholas Upton,
BER
BER
written about 1441. Indeed Mr. Haslewood considers that
the only portions of the book which can safely lie attri-
buted 10 Dame Berners are : 1. A small portion of the Trea-
tise on Hiiwkinf?. 2. The Treatise upon Hunting. 3. A
Short List of the Beasts of Chase ; and Another Short
one of Beasts and Fowls. We have no space for a list of
early editions, the last of which was printed in 1595 in 4to.
Mr. Haslewood's edition (Lon., ISIO, folio) is an exact
reprint of that by Wynkyu de Worde. 149U. 150 copies
were printed. In the Bibliographical Introduction {a few
copies of which were struck oft" separately) will be found
a full account of the first editions of this curious work.
As few of our readers are likely to have an opportunity of
seeing this rare book, we shall give them a specimen of the
Btyle of this Di Veruon of the elder time. Speaking of
"fysshyuge," she affectionately e.\horts the prospective
angler, and moralizes on this wise:
" Ye shall not use this forsayil crafty disporte for no covetysenes,
to the entTftisynge and sparyuge of your money oonly ; but prin-
cipally for your solace, and to cause the helthe of your body, and
specyally of your soule: for whaune ye purpoos to <roo on your
dysportes in fysshynge. ye wnoll not desyre gretly many persons
with you. whyche k-tt you of your game. And thenne ye may
serve <>od devoutly in saying affect uously your custumable prayer;
aud, thus doyn^e. ye shall eschewe and voyde many vices."
In order that the angler might betake him or herself
quietly, and without attracting attention and company, to
their "fysshynge dysporte," she gives instructions for a
■walking cane-rod, which should give no indication of the
anticipated " dysporte," and the bewitching, though it must
be confessed rather sly, Juliana triumphantly declares,
" And thus shall ye make you a rodde so prevy, that ye may
walk therwyth; and there shall noo man wyte where abowte ye
goo.'' See an article on Angling in the London Quarterly lie-
view, vol. Ixvii.
The book on Armory commences with the following
curious piece of sacred heraldry :
"Of the offspring of the gentilman Jafetb, come Habraham,
Moyses. .A.ron, and the proft-ttys: and also the kyng of the right
lyne of IMary, of whom that gentilman Jhesus was borne, very
God and man : after his manh-iode kynge of the land of .lude and
of Jues. u;entilman by his niodre Mary, prince of cotearmure, &c."
Berrey, G. J. Legal treatise, Lon., lSo3, 12mo.
Bcrriau, William, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church,
New York City. 1. Travels in France and Italy in 1S17-
18, N. York. 1820. 8vo. 2. Devotions for the Sick-Room,
I2mo. 3. Enter thy Closet, 12mo. 4. Family and Private
Prayer.s 12mo. 5. On the Communion, 18mo. 6. Sailors'
Manual, ISmo. 7. Hist. Sketch of Trinity Church, N. York,
1847. 8vo. 8. Recollections of Departed Friends, 1850, 12mo.
Ed., with Memoir, Works of Bishop Hobart, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo.
Berridge, John, 1716-1793, entered at Clare Hall,
1794, vicar of Everton. 1755. The Christian World un-
masked: pray come and peep, 1773, 8vo ; 1824, 8vo; with
Life, Letters, Farewell Sermons, aud Zlon's Songs.
Berriman, John, 1689-176S, educated at St. Ed-
mund's Hall, Oxford, became Rector of St. Alban's. Lon-
don, 1744. The Case of Naboth considered, &c., 1721,
8vo. Eight Sermons at Lady Moyer's Lecture, 1741, 8vo.
Entirely of the critical kind, noting above 100 Greek MS.
of St. Paul's Epistles, many not before collated. A Criti-
cal Dissertation on 1 Tim. iii. 16, 1741, 8vo.
** In this work are noticed several frlarint; and unpardonable errors
in the impressions of the Bible durin^i the 17th century. A copy
is in the British Museum, with the author's MS. notes." — Lowndes.
See Orme's Bib. Bibl. He edited 2 vols, of his brother
William's sermons, pub., 1760.
Berriman, William, D.D., 1688-1750, brother to
the preceding, was entered, at 17, of Oriel College, Oxford.
By close application he became well versed in the (Jreek,
Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, and Syriac tongues. The Trini-
tarian Controversy elicited his first publications. A Sea-
sonable Review of Mr. Whiston's Account of Primitive
Doxologies, Lon., 1719, 8vo. A Second Review of the
same, 1719. 8vo. These pieces recommended him to the
notice of Dr. Robinson, Bishop of London, who in 172U
appointed him his domestic chaplain, and in 1722 collated
him to the living of St. Andrew-Undershaft. In 1727 he
became a Fellow of Eton College. An Historical Account
of the Trinitarian Controversy, in 8 Sermons, delivered
at Lady Moyer's Lecture, in 172,3-24; pub. 1725, Svo.
In Dr. Conyers Middleton's Introductory Discourse to the
Inquiry into the miraculous powers of the Christian Church,
ami in the Inquiry also, Dr. Berriuian was noticed with
much severity. In 1731 Berriman pub. by way of rejoinder,
A Defence of some passages in the Historical Account.
In 1733 he pub. Brief Remarks on Mr. Chandler's Intro-
duction to the History of the Inquisition, which was fol-
lowed by a Review of the Remarks. Both of these were
answered by Chandler. The Gradual Revelation of the
Gospel from the time of Man's Apostasy : 24 sermons
preached at the Lecture founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle,
1730, '31, '32, Lon., 1733, 2 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number
of occasional sermons, &c. After his death 2 vols., 40 ser-
mons, were pub. by his brother, and in 1763 1 vol., 19 ser-
mons, appeared.
Berrin^^ton. See Berington.
Berrow, C'apel. Sermons, 1746. A Pre-oxistent
Lapse of Human Souls, demonstrated from Reasim, shewn
to be the opinion of the most eminent writers of antiquity,
sacred and profane. Proved to be the groundwork, like-
wise, of the Gospel Dispensation ; and the medium through
which many material objects, relative thereto, are set in a
clear, rational, and consistent light, 1762, 8vo.
" AUn^retber undeservinji of the public attention : it is a crude
and irret^ular prudnction. neither to lie commended for its matter
nor its style. The alleviations from Scripture are weak and uncriti-
cal; the arguments, drawn from the depravity of the mind, are
declamatory and false, and several of the authorities are misrepre-
sented, aud at best nothing to tht- purpose." — Lon. Monthly Mevkw.
Deism not consistent with the Religion of Nature and
Reason, 1780. 4to.
Berry, Charles. Sermons on the Duty of National
Thanksgiving, 1812.
Berry, Francis. See Whitcher.
Berry, Rev. Henry, was connected with the British
Farmer's Mag. He wrote Improved Short Horns, and
their pretensions stated, Lon., 1830, 8vo.
Berry, Mary, 1762-1S52. Her father, sister Agnes,
and herself were the literary executors of Sir Horace Wal-
pole, and under their supervision his works were pub. in
5 vols. 4to. The writings of Miss Berry, entitled England
and France, &c., were pub. by her in 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1844.
She defended Walpole from the strictures of Lr.ril Mac-
aulay in Edin. Rev. In 1840 she ed. and pub. for the first
time Sixtv Letters from Walpnle to Her.'^eif and Sister.
Berry, Richard. Sermon, Dubl., 1672, fol.
Berrv, Robert. Works of Horace Walpole, 5 vols.,
1798, r. 4to.
Berry, "William, Clerk to the Register of the College
of Arms. An Introduction to Heraldry, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
History of the Islaad of Guernsey, from the remotest
period of antiquity to the year 1814; with Particulars of
the neighbouring Islands of Alderney, Serk, and Jersey,
1815, 4to. Genealogica Antiqua; or Mythological and
Classical Tables, Lon., 1816. fol. Genealogia Sacra, or
Scripture Tables, Lon., 1819, 4to.
*' Chietly confined to the patriarchs aud descendants of our first
parents, with references . . . The i-hronolotriral dates are taken
from Blair. Usher, and others. An alphabetical index is subjoined,
which flii>ilitates reference to this unassuming publication." —
T. H. HORNE.
Encyclopedia Heraldioa. or Complete Dictionary of
Heraldry : with the Supplement, 4 vols. 4to, 1828-40.
'•The best modern dictionary of heraldry: it embraces the
greater part of Edinondson and others."
Pedigrees of Berks, Bucks, and Surrey Families, 1837,
fol., £5 5«. Do. Essex Families, 1841, fol., £2 15s. Do.
Hampshire Families, 1833, fol., £6 6«. Do. Hertford-
shire Families, 1844 and '46, fob, £3 10«. Do. Kent
Families. 1830, fob, £6 6^. Do. Sussex Families, 1830,
fob, £fi 6s.
Bert, Ed- Treatise of Hawkes and Hawking, Lon.,
1619. 4to.
Bertezen, S. Food for Silk-worms, Lon.. 17S9, 8vo.
Bertie, Willoughby, Earl of Abingdon, 1740-1799.
Thoughts on Mr. Burke's Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol,
on American Affairs, Oxf., 1777, 8vo; 6th ed. enlarged,
1780. Letter to Lady Loughborough, (ascribed to him.)
Many editions, 1789. Speech on the Abolition of the Slave
Trade, 1793, »8vo.
"One of the most steady and intrepid assertors of Hbei-ty in this
age." — Editr/r nf Wilkes's S]^eches.
Berton, William, flourished about 1381, a divine,
and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, was a zealous
opponent of Wickliffe. 1. Determinationes contra Vicle-
vum. 2. Sententia a super justa ejus Condemnatione.
3. Contra ejus Articulos. Bale and Pits give very dif-
ferent opinions of his character.
Bertram, Charles, an English antiquary, Professor
of the English language in the Royal Marine Academy of
Copenhagen. Ethics, or Select Thoughts from several
Authors, the words accented to render the English pro-
nunciation easy to foreigners. Britannicarum Gentium
Historise Antiquse Scriptures tres, — Ricardus Corinensis
— Gildas Badonicus — Neunius Banchorensis — recensuit
Notisque et Indice auxit Car. Bertramus, Haun. 1757, Svo.
Stukeley, to whom Bertram communicated a copy of the
MS., pub. an edit, of the first treatise in the above work
in London. Its authenticity has been much doubted.
lit
BER
BET
Berwick, Marshal, Duke of, 1670-1734, illegiti-
mate sou of James II. (when I)uke of York) and Arabella
Churchill. Memoirs, written by himself, with a continua-
tion, pub. by the Duke of Fitz-James, trans, from the
French, {Paris, 1778, 2 vols. i;imo,) Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo.
Berwick, Edward. Theolog. and Biographical
Works, Lon., 1809, '11, '111, '15, '17.
Berwick, John, D.D. Deceivers Deceived, Serm.,
1661, 4to.
Bery, John. Sermon, Lon., 1617, 4to.
Besoduu, or Beston, John, Prior of the monastery
of Carmelite Friars at Lynn, in Norfolk, graduated at
Cambridge and Paris. 1. Super Universalia Ilolcothi.
2. Compendium Theologian. 3. Determinationum Liber.
4. Sacrarum Concionum Liber. 5. Sermones in Evangclia.
6. Sermones in Epistolas. 7. Leeturte SacrsE Scripture.
8. Rudimenta Logices. 9. De Virtutibus et Vitiis oppo-
sitis. 10. Epistolarum Libri Duo. 11. De Trinitate : and
another set of Sermons. — Bale j Pits; Tanner; Leland;
Hose's Bioy, Diet.
'•He was extremely well versed in natural philosophy, and a
considerable divine." — Lel\nd.
" He was a very fluent and elegant preacher in his own language,
and an acute disput-aut in the schools," — Bale.
" He used in his sermnus to open and explain the fourfold sense
of the Scriptures with the utmost perspicuity." — Al\n de Lynn.
" He had a very happy gi-nius and a solid judgment, and was
eminent for his piety and knnwl.d.i^e iiotb in divine and human
learning; he was highly npplaud.-d tnr his subtility in disputing,
and his eloquence in the pulpit." — I'ns.
Besombe, Robert. Sermon, 1634. Svo.
Besse, Joseph. Collection of the Sufferings of the
People called Quakers, for the Testimony of a good Con-
science, Lon., 1763, 2 vols. fol. The 1st vol. contains the
persecutions in the English Counties, alphabetically ar-
ranged ; the 2d includes N. America, <fec., the West Indies,
&c. Nearly half this work relates to America ; there is an
index of 100 pages of the names alone mentioned in the
work, very valuable for genealogical inquirer.'^, &q.
Best, George. A true Discovrse of the late Voyages
of Discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by
the North-weast. vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher,
Generall ; deuided into three bookes, Lon., 1578, 4to.
Jadis's Sale, No. 270, £S 10s.
Best, Henry. The Christian Religion defended
against the Philosophers and Republicans of France,
Lon., 1793, Svo. Sermon on John xx. 23, 1793, Svo.
" The preacher seems earnestly desirous of restoring to the priest-
hood the power of the keys."
Best, Matilda, 'An Original Poem, 1789, 4to.
Best, Hon. and Rev. Samuel. Theolog. Works,
Lon., 1836-52.
Best, 3Irs. T. On the Prophecy of Hosea, Lon.,
1831, 12mo. Tracts on Old and New Testament, 6 vols.
Best, Thos. Treatise on Angling, Ac, Lon., 1787,
12mo.
Best, Thomas. Vindication of the Dissenters, Lon.,
1795, Svo.
Best, W. M. Evidence and Practice, 1849, Svo. A
Treatise on Presumption of Law and Fact ; with the Theory
and Rules of Presumptive or Circumstantial Proof in Cri-
minal Cases, Lon., 1844, Svo.
" The author has executed a concise and well-di<;est«d treatise
upon a branch of the law of evidence which hitherto had been
treated in a loose and inartificial manner. He has availed him-
self of the learning of the Continental jurists upon Presumption,
and his work throughout displays a thorough acquaintance with
the whole learning applicable to the subject."
Exposition of the Practice relative to the right to Begin
and right to Reply, in trials by Jury, and in appeals, at
Quarter Sessions, Lon., 1837, Svo.
"This treatise contains a very ingenious inquiry into the prin-
ciples which should govern the determination of the question;
and the deductions of the author are given in clear language,
fully supported by the authorities advanced in favour of them.
The more abstruse part of the work, treating of the doctrine of
Presumption, is principally drawn from the treatisi'S on evidence
by Mr. Phillips and Mr. Starkie; but the author has made good
use of the materials thus obtained."
Best, William. Sermtms, 1734, '42, '46.
Beste, J. R. 1. The Wabash, 2 vols. p. Svo, Lon.,
1855. 2. Modern Society in Rome,
Betagh, William. Voyage round the "World, begun
in the year 1719, Lon., 1728, Svo. This will be f(uind also
in vol. 1st of Harris's Collection of Voyages and Travels,
and the 14th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection includes the
Account of Peru.
Betham, John, D.D., d. 1701, a Roman Catholic di-
vine, chaplain and preacher to James II. Annunciation;
a Sermon on Luke i. 31, 1686, 4to. Catholick Sermons,
2 vols. Svo.
ld2
Beiham, Miss Matilda. Elegies, Ac, ton., 179S,
12mo. A Biographical Dictionary of the celebrated Wo-
men of every Age and Country, Lon., 1804, Svo.
'• By the aid of Le Dictionnaire des Femmes Celebres, and the
communications of several friends. Miss B. has furnished a volume
which, we doubt not, will be received with candour, and a due de-
gree of approbation."
Poems, 1808, Svo. Lay of Marie ; a Poem, 1S16, Svo.
Betham, Philip. Trans, the Earl of PurtUias's Pre-
cepts of War, Lt)n., 1544, Svo.
Betham, Robert. National Vices the bane of So-
ciety ; Fast Sermon on Rev. ii. 5, 1744, 4to.
Betham, Rev. William. Genealogical Tables of
the Sovereigns of the World, from the earliest to the pre-
sent period, Lon., 1795, fol.
" A useful work, but much less valuable than Anderson's elabo-
rate compilation, cuntaining 715 Genealogical Tables, with an In-
dex, pp. o." — LOWNDEy.
The Baronetage of England, or the History of the Eng-
lish Baronets, and such Baronets of Scotland as are of
English Families, with Genealogical Tables, and Engrav-
ings of their Armorial bearings. Ipswich and Lon., 5 vols.,
1801-05, 4to.
" A very incorrect and imperfect work."
Betham, Sir William, 1779-1853, Ulster King-of-
Arms, ic, son of the preceding. 1. Irish Antiquarian
Researches, DuliL, 1826-27, 2 vols. 8vo, and Appendix.
'•In his observations on the histoiy of the Geraldines, Sir Wil-
liam notices some very odd blunders of preceding writers, who fol-
lowed Icgeuds rather than evidence in their compilations of the
histories of the ancient families of Ireland, by which they were
made nearly altogether uniDtelligihIe. In looking over Lodge'a
Peerage and other Irish writers, and indeed Irish history gene-
rally, we have felt the justice of this remark : it is a sad jumble of
contradictions." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
2. Dignities, Feudal and Parliamentary, 1830, vol. i.,
Svo: all pub. 3. Origin and Hist, of the CoustiL. of England,
1830, Svo. Commended by Prof. J. J. Park. 4. The Gael
and the Cymbri, 1834, Svo. 5. Etruria Celtica : Etruscan
Lit. and Autiqs. Investigated, 1842, 2 vols. Svo. For an
account of the learned labours of this industrious anti-
quary, see Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1853, 632.
Bethel, Slingsby. Political, Ac. treatises, 1681-97.
Bethell, Christopher, D. D., Bishop of Bangor.
Charges, 1816, tfec. An Apology fur the Ministers of tho
Church of England who hold the doctrine of Baptismal
Regeneration, in a Letter to the Rev. George Stanley
Faber, B. D., 1816. A General View of the Doctrine of
Regeneration in Baptism, Lon., 1822, 2d edit., with a pre-
face against objections, 1836, 4th edit, revised, with an
Appendix, containing Remarks on Faber on liegeuera-
tion, 1845; 5th edit.. 1S50, Svo,
Bethell, Samuel. Visitation Sermon, 1811, Svo.
Bethum, John. 1. Short View. 2. Essays, 1770-1.
Bethuue, Alexander, 1S04-1S43, a native of Fife-
shire. Scotland, was the son of a farm-labourer. His bro-
ther John, 1812-1839, was a native of •' The Mount," once
the home of Sir David Lindsay. By the kindness of those
liberal patrons of literature — who have done so much for
tho improvement of the public mind — \yiliiam and Robert
Chambers of Edinburgh, Alexander Bethuue made his
appearance as an author in 1835. by the publication of
two stories illustrative of Scottish Rural Life : (see Cham-
bers's Journal, 1835.) In 1838 appeared Tales and Sketches
of the Scottish Peasantry ; a small portion of this volume
was written by John Bethune, (see />"»^) It produced
about £20. Practical Economy Exi)buned and Enforced,
in a Series of Lectures, by the brothers Alexander and
John, was pub. in 1S09. In this year John died. Tho
Scottish Peasant's Fireside, a Series of Tales and Sketches
illustrating the Character of the Peasantry of Scotland,
made its appearance in 1843. In 1S41 some Poems left
by John were pub. with a sketch of the author's life by
his brother. Alexander followed his brother to the grave
in 1843. William Crombie, author of Hours of Thought,
I Ac, pub. in 1845 Memoirs of Alexander Bethune, em-
bracing Selections from his Correspondence and Literary
Remains.
" The quantity of verse and prose which he [John Bethune]
produced, under the circumstances, was truly astonishing. If
printed in full, they would occupy several volumes. As &r as we
ran judge from the specimens in the books which are before us,
the lanL'u;vzp was always correct, the lines smooth and flowin,^,
and tln' ibymes p;ood: but of course he had little ran^e of thought
nr copi aismss of diction, and further cultivation of mind would
pii)l>;iltly b;ive induced him to abandon poetry for prose." — (From
an iiiterestintr article, to which we are indebted for the above pai"-
ticulars. by Francis liuwen, in N. Amer. llev.. vol. Ixvii., 184S.)
•' Tlie penisal of this book [Tales and iSketchea of the Scottish
Peasantry, by Alexander Bethune] has affected us nmre than any
thing we have read for many years past, and has revived in our
i bosom recollections of youth aud ruiul manucrB, which, though
BET
BEV
tbey may be dormant for a time, amid the enjjrossing cares of the
world, ran never be oblitei;itt.-d, and can never die. . . . All is na-
ture, all is real, because tbr author, instead of drawing out his
imagination, has written nothing but what he himself has seen or
known." — EiHiiimrgh CVirrnnch.
Bethuue, George W., D.D., b. 1S05, a miuister of
the Dutch Refitrmed Churt-h, is well knowu as an accom-
plished scholar and eloquent pulpit orator. Dr. Bethune
is a native of the city of New York. }Ie has been sta-
tioned successively at Rhinebeek, Utica, Philadelphia, and
Brooklyn, in which latter city he now (1858) resides. Dr.
Bethune has been offered and has declined the chaplaincy
of the UuKcil St;!tL's Military Academy at V^Gst Point, the
Cbancelloi>lii|i u[' iho New York University, and the Pro-
fc-ssnrsbip '«r l-](Tlesiiisf icul History and Church Government
in the Theological .Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church.
He i.s author and editor of a number of volumes : A Word to
the Afflicted; British Female Poets; Lays of Love and
Faith: Fruit of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Sermons;
Orations and Occasional Discourses, etc. His edition of
AValton's Complete Angler, with an exceedingly valuable
bibliographical preface, Ac, has been highly commended.
This work was compiled in the chance moments of relief
from graver studies. *' I lost no time by it," the editor
remarked to the present writer, "for it was the occupation
of moments when others would have been looking out of
the windows."
•' The American portion of the work," [The Complete Angler,]
remarks a critic, *■ so rich in rare scholarship, indicates both the
research and the sentiment desirable in a true brother of the angle.
There is always a dash of poetry in such men — displaying itself
in a love of nature or a vein of sentiment. The latter predomi-
nates in Dr. Bethune."
Lays of Love and Faith ; with other Poems.
*' The songs in this volume are particularly melodious and ten-
der, and there is a relish of mingled scholarship and fuu in some
of the epi^^rama, most rare in these days. The Poems are intro-
duced to the reader in a sonnet which so happily characteiizes their
most characteristic qualities, that we quote it as more to the point
than any further remarks of our own:
" As one arranges in a simple vase
A little store of unpretending flowers,
So gathered I some records of past hours.
And trust them, gentle reader, to thy grace;
Nor hnpi- th:it in my pages thou wilt tj-ace
The hriiliaiit proof of high poetic powers;
But dear memorials of my happy days,
■When heaven shed blessings ou my heart like showers;
Clothing with beauty even the desert place;
Till I, with thankful gladness in my looks,
Turned me to God, sweet miture, loving friends,
Christ's little children, well-worn ancient books,
The charm of art, the rapture music sends;
And sang away the grief that on man's lot attends."
iVfw York Literary World.
A large number of Dr. Betbune's Sermons and Addresses
have been printed: among them are his annual discourses
before The Foreign Evangelical Society, The American
Sunday-School Union, The A. B. C. Foreign Missions, &c.
He has delivered Phi Beta Kappa Oratinus at Dartmouth,
Harvard, and Brown Universities, and Orations at Yale
and other Colleges.
Bethune, John. Allan of Olway, 1815, 8vo.
Bethune, John. See Bkthunf, Alexander.
_ Betterton, Thomas, 1635-1710, a celebrated Eng-
lish actor, wrote several dramatic pieces, and altered a
number for the stage. The Biog. Dramatica gives the fol-
lowing list :
" 1. The Koman Viririn ; or Unjust Judge, T.. 4to, 1679. 2. The
Revenge; or a Match in Newgate. C.,4to. ITiSO. 3. The Prophetess;
or the History of Dioclesian, Altered, O., With a ."Masque, 4to, 1090.
4. King Henry the Fourth, with The Ilumour-s of Sir John Falslaff,
T. C., 4to, 1700. 0. The Amorous Widow; or. The Wanton Wife,
C. 4to, 1706. 6. Sequel of llvnvy the Fourth, Svo, N. D., [1719.]
7. The Bondman; or. Love and Liberty, T. C, 8vo, 1719. 8. The
Woman made a Justice, Com., N. P.
" Of these we have not much more to say. than that those which
are properly his own are not devoid of merit, and those which he
has only altered have received an advanta'_'e from his amendment.*'
Among other eloquent eulogies upon Mr. Betterton, we
may refer to those of CoUey Cibber, Anthony Aston, and
Addison.
'* Such an actor as Mr. Betterton oupht to be recorded with the
same respect as Roscius anion.e the Romans. ... I have hardly a
n"tion that any performance of antiquity could surpass the action
of Mr. Betterton in any of the occasions in which he has appeared
on our st,i^e." — Addison: TafJer. No. 167.
" Betterton was an actor, as Shakspeare was an author, both
withnut competitors, formed for the mutual assistance and illus-
tnitinn of each other's eenius." — Coli.kt CiimER.
Bettesworth, Charles. Sermon, 1712, Svo.
Bettesworth, John. Educational works, 1778-87.
Bettie, W. Ilistorie of Titania and Thesevs, Lon.,
le.-ie, 4to.
'■This has all the guise and manner in title, composition, and
pilnting, to have appeared near half a century earlier."
See the account of this curious volume in the British
Bibliographer, ii. 430-4;:'.7.
Betton, T. R., M.D. Trans. Regnault's Chemistry,
Phila.. lsjL», 2 vols. Svo.
Belts, John, M.B., Physician-in-Ordiuary to Charlea
II. De Urtu et Xatura Sanguinis, Lon., IGC't), Svo. To
which was afterwards added Medicinaj cum Philusophia
Natural! consensus, Lon., 1GH2, Svo.
'• After the first edit, of this book came out, it was reflected
upon by George Thompson. M.D., in his book entit. The True Way
of Preserving the Blood in its Integrity, Ac, [Lon., 1670, 8vo.] Dr.
Betts alrtu pub, Anatomia Thoime Parri, &c., — which book waa
drawn lip by Ur. William Harvey." — Wood.
Belts, Joseph. Comets' Motions; Phil. Trans., 1744.
Bells, Robert. Body of Divinity, drawn into a Table,
1636, 4to.
Belts, S, R. Admiralty Prac. in the Cts. of the U.S.
for the Southern District of Xew York, N.Y., 1838. Svo.
Belly, Jos. The Divine Institution of the Ministry,
and the Absolute Xecessity of Church Govt., 1729, Svo.
Beiitanius, a British divine and historian of the 7th
century, was the instructor of the celebrated Nennius, after-
wards abbot of the mimastcry of Bangor. Eeulanius is said
to have written a work entitled De Gonealogiis Gentium.
Beulanius, Samuel, son of the preceding, was born
in Northumberland and educated in the Isle of Wight.
'■lie was a man of a very humane. and mild disposition, a good
historian, and well skilled in geometry. He gave an jiccurate
description of the Isle of "Wight from hia own observations, as well
as from the accounts of Ptolemy and Pliny."
He also wrote Annotations upon Nennius, a History of
the actions of King Arthur in Scotland, and an Historical
Itinerary. Leland is of opinion that he was a monk.
Bevan, Henry. Thirty Years' Residence in India,
Lon., ]s;;t|, 2 vols. p. Svo,
Bevan, Joseph Gurney, a writer of considerable
note, a member of the Society of Friends.
A Refutation of some of the most modern Misrepresen-
tations of the Society of Friends, commonly called Quar-
kers, with a Life of James Nayler. *tc.. Lon., 1800. Svo.
" Bevan is the ablest of the Quaker apologists. He writes with good
sense, good temper, and good feeling, and has for the nu-st part di-
vested himself of that vague and unsatisfactory mysticism in which
the Quaker advocates have embedded themselves." — Lowndes.
A Short Account of the Life and Writings of Robert
Barclay. Lun., 1802. 12mo. Memoirs of the Life of Isaac
Penington ; to which is added, a Review of his writings,
Lon., 18117. Svo. The Life of the Apostle Paul, as related
in the Scriptures, «fec., with select Notes, critical, explana-
tory, and relating to Persons and Places, and a Map of the
Countries in which the Apostle travelled, Lon., 1S07, Svo.
"The narrative of St. Paul's lif..- is studiously related in the very
words of Scripture, having only such additional matter as is ne-
ces.sary to introduce or connect the several parts. Attention, how-
ever, has been paid to the task of selecting, ft-om different parts of
the New Testament, such passages as belong to the regular chain
of the history. The notes are principally selected from the be.st
critics and commentators, and those whii-h are geographical are
the most conspicuous, and stamp a real val ue on the work ; whi<-h,
though designed for young persons of his own religious communion,
(The Society of Friends.) may be studied with advantage by those
of every other cla.^is of Christians, especially such as have nnt many
cnnimentators within their reach, ' without danger of finding any
thing introduced which can give the smallest bias towards any
principle that is not really and truly Christian.' "—Home's Iniro-
ditdi'm ; British Critic, O. S. vol. sxxiii.
■'This work does credit to the taleuts and pii?ty of the writer;
and is interesting as affording some explanation of the theological
sentiments of the Quakers.'' — Orme's Bih. Bibl.
A Reply to so much of the Sermon of H. P. Dodd as re-
lates to the scruple of the Quakers against all Swearing,
Lon., 1806. Svo. Thoughts on Reason and Revelation,
particularly the Revelation of the Scriptures, Lon.,IS10,8vo.
Bevan, Richard. Imprisonment for Debt, Lon.,
1781. Svo.
Bevan, Sylvanns. Con. to Phil. Trans., Ac. 1743.
Bevan, Thomas. Lord's Prayer E.xpounded, Lon.,
167.S. Svo.
Bevans, John. A Defence of the Christian Doctrines
of the Society of Friends against the charge of vSocini-
anism, Ac; to which is prefixed a Letter to J. Evans, Lon.,
1805, Svo.
"An important Tract in defence of the Society of Friends.'* —
Lowndes.
A Brief View of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion
as professed by the Society of Friends, Lon., ISll, 12mo.
A Vindication of the Authenticity of the Narratives con-
tained in the first Two Chapters of the Gospel of St.
Matthew and St. Luke, &c. By a Layman, Lon., 1822,
Svo.
'■In this very elaborate work the authenticity of Matt. i. and ii.
and Luke i. and ii. are most satjsfactoiilv vindicated from the ..b-
jections of the Editors of the Unitarian Version of the Xew Test**
BEV
ment: Tvhose disfngemious alterations in succeSRiveoditinnRof that I
work are exposed in the Appendix." — Hivw's Iiifr'itindum. 1
Bever, Thomas, LL.D., 1725-1781. Fellow of All
Souls' College, Oxford, April 5, 1758, delivered lectures on
Civil Law. In 1766 he pub. the introduction to the course
under the title of A Discourse on the Study of Jurispru-
dence and the Civil Law, Lon., 4to. The History of the
Legal Polity of the Roman State ; and of the Rise, Pro-
gress, and E.xteut of the Roman Laws, Lon., 1781, 4to.
" In this worlv he has made deep researches into the constitution
of the Itomau State, and displays au extensive fund of learning,
connected with the investigation of the Civil Law."'
" He was a better scholar than writer, and a better writer than
pleader."— Dn. CooTE.
" Bever's Legal Polity is a copious, and. we fear, a somewhat
tedious, work, which, however, is not destitute of merit. It was
translated into the German language by Volkel. who has corrected
many of his errors, for the author left many errors to correct.
Bever writes like a schokar and a man of ability, but he laboured
under the disadvantage of being, in a great measure, unjicquainted
with the best civilians of the continent, more especially those of
recent date."— Dr. Irvino.
'• He has. with great perspicuity, traced the progress of the civil
law through a series of near two thousand years. He intended,
in another volume, to have continued his history to a later period,
which never was carried into execution." — ^f^lnun's Lrtyal Bill.
Beveridge, John, a native of Scotland, was in 1758
appointed Profcs.-'or of Languages in the College and
Academy of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1715 a vol. of Latin
poems, entitled Epistolte familiares et alia qutedam mis-
eellaneee.
*' In an address to .Tohn Penn he suggests that a conveyance to
him of some few acres of good land would be a proper i-eturn Ibr
the poetic mention of the Penn family. The I^atin hint was lost
upon the Englishman. The unrewarded poet continued to ply
the birch in the vain attempt to govern 70 or 80 ungovernable
bovs."
Beveridge, Thomas. A Practical Treatise on the
Forms of Process ; containing the new regulations before
the Court of Sessions, inner House, outer House, and Bill
Chamber, the Court of Teinds and the Jury Court, Edin.,
2 vols. 8vo, 1826.
"Mr. Beveridge's Treatise on the Forms of.Tudicial Proceedings
in Scotland, is the best manual of practice to which the lawyer,
practitioner, or student, can refer: and. indeed, it has superseded
every other publication iu regard to our judicial procedure." —
1 Eilin. L, r. cxxxiii.
Beveridge, William, D.D., 16.',6-'.';7-170S. was a
native of Barrow, in Loicestcrshii-e, of which parish his
grandfather and brother were successively vicars. In
1653 he was admitted a sizar of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge. He applied himself with so much assiduity to the
study of the oriental tongues, that at the age of 18, he com-
posed (published when he was 20) a treatise on their great
utility, entitled Do Linguarum Orientalium, pr.tscrtim
Hebraicie, Chaldaica?, Syriacas, Arabica^, et Samaritanse,
Prsestantia et Osu, cum Grammatica Syriaca, tribus Libris
tradita per G. Beveridgium, Lon., 1658, 8vo. This trea-
tise was compiled for the use of those who desired to study
Walton's Polyglot. A 2d edit, of the treatise, and also
of the Syriac Grammar, was pub. in 1654. In 1660-61 he
received* holy orders, and shortly afterwards was collated
by Bishop Sheldon to the vicarage of Ealing, in Middle-
sex. In this pariah ho remained for nearly 12 years. In
1669 ho pub. his Institutionem Chronologicarum Libris duo
una cum totidem Arithinetices Chronologicse Libellis. 4to.
" Professedly no more than a manual of the science of which it
treats, but extremely u.seful to those who wish to understand its
technical part, being clear of those obscurities by which Scaliger
and Petau had embarrassed it."
In 1672 he pub. his principal work, — Synodicon, sive
Pandectjo Canonum S. S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum ab
Ecclesia Grajca receptorura, <tc. This collection of the
Apostolic Canons, and of the Decrees of the Councils re-
ceived by the Greek Church, together with the Canonical
Epistles of the Fathers, was pub. at Oxford in 2 large
folio volumes.
" A book to be referred to on m.atters relative to the doctrines
and discipline of the Church. Bp. Beverid-e had a great attach-
ment to antiquity, and thought the Apostolical Canons were com-
posed near the end of the second century — a much later date is
generally assigned to them." — Bipkerrteth,
" Bishop Beverid.ge's notes contain much very learned exposition
of the canon law. and much instructive matter on other subjects
connected with the learning of the canons." — V.^N Espen.
In 1679 he pub. in Latin a vindication of the above-
named work, in answer to some observations of M. de
rArroque, pub. anonymously. In this year, also, ho pro-
ceeded to the degree of D.D. In 1674 he was collated by
Bishop Henchman, then Bishop of Loudon, to the prebend
of Chiswick. and in 1681, Bishop Compton. successor to
Bishop Henchman, collated him to the Archdeaconry of
Colchester. He thus i>rcsented a remarkable instance of
the reception of proferment from three successive Bishops
BEV
of'TCondon. In 1691 he declined the see of Bath and
Wells, vacated by the deprivatiou of Dr. Thomas Ken, a
non-juror. In 1704 he was consecrated Bishop of St.
Asaph. Here, as in his former positions, he zealously la-
boured for the increase of piety in the church. Sermons
were preached on Sunday eveuings in some of the largest
churches; the custom of weekly communion was revived;
societies were established for the suppression of vice, and
" the poor had the gospel preached to them." Two socie-
ties were established — For Propagating the Gospel in
Foreign Parts, and Promoting Christian Knowledge, — to
which the bishop left the principal part of his estate, and
which are this day (1868) carrying out his pious intentions.
Bishop Beveridge deservedly gained the title of " the great
reviver and restorer of primitive piety." To aid his clergy
in the duty to which he urged them of thoroughly ground-*-
ing their people in the fundameutals of Christianity, he
prepared and sent to them The Church Catechism Ex-
plained; for the Use of the Divines of St. Asaph, Lon.,
1704, 4to; several times reprinted. After holding his see
for about three and a half years, this good man died in
his 71st year in his apartment in the cloister in Westmin-
ster Abbey. Ho was a widower without children. He left
his library to St. Paul's, for the benefit of the clergy in
London. Among his other bequests is one intended to
revive the custom of daily public prayer. He bequeathed
to the curacy of Mount-Sorrel, and vicarage of Barrow,
Leicester, £20 per annum forever, on condition that
prayers be read morning and evening every day according
to the Liturgy of the Church of England, in the chapel
and parish church aforesaid. A few occasional sermons,
and the Exposition of the Catechism, are the only works
pub. by the bishop in English. But from his MSS. his
executor, Mr. Timothy Gregory, pub. a number of works :
Thesaurus Theologicus, or a complete system of Divinity,
Lon., 1710, 4 vols. 8vo.
" This system is summed up in notes upon select places of the
Old and New Testaments : wherein the s.icred text is reduced un-
der proper heads, explained and illustrated, with the opinions and
authorities of the ancient fathers, councils, 4c."
Other editions, in 2 vols., 1816, '20, '23, '28. 150 Ser-
mons and Discourses on several subjects, Lon., 1709-14,
12 vols. 12mo; 1720. 2 vols. fol.
" The Sermons of such as Bps. Reynolds and Beveridge. of Mil-
ner. Kicbardsnu. Simeon. Ac. will furnish luore especially those
evjingeliial dnctrines. which, clearly exhibiting salvation by Chi-ist,
are alone eminently blessed of God in giving spiritual life to the
hearers." — Bickerstetu.
There have been several "Selections" pub. from the
bishop's sermons by Glasse. Dakins, Ac. Private Thoughts
upon Religion, digested into 12 Articles, with Practical
Resolutions framed thereupon, Lon.. 1709, 8vo. Nume-
rous editions. Written when only 23 years of age.
" Beveridge's Private Thoughts are most valuable, and fit to be
read by a young minister." — Dr. DoddkitiOE.
" They have been of inestimable service to the Church, from the
deep piety and devotion and evangelical sentiments of the excel-
lent bishop." — Bn.'KEPvSTETB.
" His work is iu a strain of popular yet close reasoning, proceed-
ing from deep conviction of the riidical truths of Christianity, and
a devotional spirit." — Williams.
The Private Thoughts have been edited, with introduc-
tory Essays, by Dr. Chalmers, 1828, Rev. 11. Stebbing,
Ac. The latter adds the bishop's treatise on the Necessity
and Advantage of Frequent Communion, first pub. 1708,
8vo. A Defence of Sternhold's, Hopkins's, Ac, version
of the Book of Psalms, 1710, 12mo. Exposition of the
39 Articles. The English works of Bishop Beveridge
were for the first time collected and published in 9 vols.
8vo in 1824 by the Rev. Thomas llartwcll Home. The
greater part of the impression was destroyed by fire.
Since the publication of this edit, the MS. of the Exposi-
tion of the last nine of the thirty-nine Articles was disco-
vered, and edited by Dr. Routh. Another edit, was pub.
in 12 vols. 8vo. O.xf.. 1844-48; viz., vol. i.-vi.. 1S44-45,
Sermons. Vol. vii.. 1845. On the Thirty-nine Articles. Vol.
viii., IS46. On the Church Catechism; Private Thoughts;
On Puldic Prayer ; On Frequent Communion ; Defence of
Sternhold and'llopkins's Psalms. Vol. ix., x., 1847, The-
saurus Theologicus. Vol. xi.. xii.. Codex canonum Eccle-
sia; Primitivte Vindicatns ac illustratus ; Indices and Ap-
pendix. A more excellent person than Bishop Beveridge
does not adorn the Fasli of the English Church.
"Beveridge's PracticjU Works are much like Henry's, but not
equal to his."— Du. Iiodbridce.
" Beveridge was a very evangelical practical bishop, the chief
of whose works bad the great dis^idvantnge of posthumous publi-
cation."— Bickerstetu.
" Tho.se who are censorious enough to reflect with severity upon
the pious strains which are to be found iu Bishop Beveridge, may
BEV
pnssihly ho ffoad judges of an ode or essay, hut do not seem to
criticise justly upon sermons, or express a just value for spiritual
thiuf^s."— Dr. Utpton. _
" our learned and venerable bishop delivered himself with those
ornaments alone, which his subject suL'L'.stcd to him. and wrnfe
in that plainness and solemnity ..f st>Ii'. tli:it L'r;ivily and simjili-
fity. which cave authority t-. Ibc sitcnd trutlis he taught, and
unanswerable evidence to the doctrines he defended. There is
something so great, primitive, and apostolical, in bis writings, that
it creates an awe and veneration in our mind ; the importance of
his subjects is above the decoration of words; and what is great
and majestic in itself looUeth most like itself, the less it is
adorned."— Dr. IIenby Felton.
The author of one of the " Guardians" makes an extract
from one of the bishop's sermons, and remarks that
"Tt may for acuteness of judj^meut. ornament of speech, and
true su>ilimity, compare with any of the choicest writings of the
ancients who lived nearest to the Apostles' times."
Beverley, Charlotte. Poems, Lou.. 1792. 8vo.
Beverley, John. Unus Reformationum sive Examen
Hoornbecki, &c., Lou., 1659, 8vo,
Beverley, John of. See John op Bkverlet.
Beverley, Peter. The History of Ariodanto and
Jeneura, [daughter to the King of Scots ; in English
verse.] Lon., by Thus. East, 12mo, sine nnvo ; again, in
KiOO, with an altered title; and see Warton's History of
Engli.«b Poetry. Sold at the Gordonstoun sale for £31 10s.
Beverley," R. M. A Letter to the Abp. of York, on
the present corrupt State of the Church uf England, 8vo;
12th edit.. 1831.
'* This popular tract, written in a bold, coarse, Cobbett-like style
of attack, deals foi-th the most sweeping and bitter censures on
the whole body of the national clergy. Several answersappeared.'
— Lowndes.
The Posthumous Letters of the Rev. Rabshnkeh Gath-
ercoal, late Vicar of Tuddington, now fir.>^t published, with
Explanatory Notes, and dedicated to tlie Lord Bishop of
London, Lnn., 1835. 12mo. This jeu d'esprit is generally
attrilnited to Mr. Beverley.
Beverley, Thomas, a Nonconformist minister of a
congregation at Cutler's Hall, London, pub. a number of
works upon the Prophecies and other sui)jects, 1670-1701,
We quote the titles of a few : The Prophetical History of
the Reformation to be performed in the year 1697. Lon.,
1689, 4to. The late Revolution to be applied to the Spirit
now moving in fulfilling of all Prophecy, Lon. ]689, 4to.
The Command of God to his People to come out of Baby-
lon, shewn to be a Command to come out of Papal Rome,
Lon., 1689, 4to. The Kingdom of Jesus Christ entering
its Succession at 1697 according to a Callender of Time,
1689, 4to.
*' lie fixed dat^s with great confidence, and lived to find his cal-
culations erroneous. lie held the doctrine of the pre-millennial
reign of Christ on earth." — O/c. Bill.
See a list of his publications in Watt's Rib. Brit
Beverley, Thomas, Rect. of Lilley, in Hertford-
shire. Discourses on the Principles of Protestant Truth
and Peace. Lon., 1683, 4to.
Beverly, John. Political Tracts. 1784-93, 1806-11.
Beverly, Robert, d. 1716, a native of Virginia, was
clerk of the council about 1697, when Andros was go-
vernor. History of the Present State of Virginia, Lon.,
1705, 8vo ; in 4 parts, embracing the first settlement of
Virginia, and the government thereof to time when written.
An edit, was pub. with Gribelin's 14 cuts in 1722, and a
French trans., with plates, 1707. Meusel erroneously ex-
plains *' R. B." in the frontispiece to signify R. Bird in-
stead of Beverly.
" This work in the historical narration is as cnnriseand unsatjs-
fhctorv as the history of Stith is prolix and tedious." — Allen's Amer.
Biog. Diet
"This work cont.Tins many pertinent remarks." — Lowjtpes.
"A work of ccnsideralile merit, particularly relative to the nu-
merous Indian Trili.s. llien resident in the State, but now estii--
pated or greatly iliniinisbeil." — Pinkerton,
Beverton, Simon. Sermon, 1717. 8vo,
Bevill, Robert, of the Inner Temple. A Treatise
on the Law of Homicide, etc., 1799, 8vo.
*' Surely such a publication must be considered as unnecessary,
when the Profession possesses the able and comprehensive trea-
tises of Chief Justice H.ale and Sergeant Hawkins on the Pleas of
the Crown. The useless multiplication of law-books is an evil of
which we have frequent cause to complain ; and wo shall persevere
in expressing our disapprobation, till the nuisance be in some mear
sure removed." — Lon. Monthly Hevieiv, 1799,
What would the indignant reviewer say if he were liv-
ing now ? And how ill could we afford to lose the legal
lure of the last half century !
Bevin, ElAVay, an eminent English musician, flou-
rished in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and James I., pub.
a Briefe and Short Instruction of the Art of Musicke to
teach how to make Discant of all Proportions that are in
uscj Ac., 1631, 4to.
BIO
" Before Hevln's time the precepts for the composition of canons
Were known to few. Tallis, Bird. Waterhouse. and Farmer were
eminently skilled in this most abstruse part of musical practice.
Every canon, as given to the public, was a kind of eni'^ma. Com-
ju'sitions of this kind were sometimes exhibited in the form of a
iiuss, M'metimes in that of a circle; there is now extant one re-
siinMin;; a horizontal sun-dial, and the resolution (as it was
cnlkd) of a canon, which was the resolving it into its elements,
and reihiciut; it into score, was deemed a work of almost as great
difficulty jis the original composition." — Hawkins's Hist, of Muxic.
Bevis, John, 1695-1771, an eminent astronomer, was
a native of Wiltshire. He pub. in 1767 an Inquiry con-
cerning the Mineral Waters at Bagniggc Wells, and con-
tributed a number of articles to the Phil. Trans., 17:i7-69.
Bewiek, Beuj. Earthquake at Cadiz, Phil. Trans.
1755.
Bewick, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1642, '44. '60.
Bewick, Thomas, 1753-1828. This eminent en-
grave may claim a place amongst authors from his hav-
ing written some of the descriptions in his History of
British Birds, &c., and from his MS. Memoirs of himself
and family, whieh are said to be written "with great
naivete, and lull of anecdote."
" I have Seen how his volumes are loved, and treasured, and
reverted to, time after time, in many a country-house ; the more
familiar, the more prized; the oftener seen, theoftener desired." —
W. HmoiWs Rurol Life in Eng.
"Open the work where ye will, only look at the bird, his atti-
tude, his eye — is he not alive? I actually and ardently aver, that
I have tra/ed till I have readily ima;;ined motion, ay, colour! . . .
Each bird, too, has his character most physio;,'nomically marked.
. . . The moral habits of each are as distinctly marked as had he
painted portraits of individuals for Lavater." — Fvfmi a vpry ivk-
resting account of Bennck am! his methods of working by J. F. M. Do-
vaalim, in Loudon's Mag. of JYat Hint., vols. ii. and iii.
See a descriptive Catalogue of the Works of Messrs.
Bewick appended to the Select Fables; Newcastle, 1820,
8vo ; also refer to Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual.
Bcwicke, Robert. Tables of Exchanges, 2 vols.
4to, Lon., 1802.
Bewley, Richard, M.D. A Treatise on Air, Lon.,
1791, Svo.
*■■ This Doctor Bewley has so warmly espoused the theory, and
has so perfectly hit off the peculiar (we had almost said the inimi-
t'dilr) style and manners of our old acquaintance. Doctor Harring-
ton, that we suspect he is no other than Dr. H. himself: who, pos-
siblv. thinks, under the fictitious sanction of a respectable name,
to obtain greater attention than he could, perhaps, have attracted
under his own." — Lon. Monthly Hcview.
Bibancl, Francois Marie Uncas Maximilian,
LL.D., born in Montronl. Cjuiada. 1824, Law Professor
in the Jesuits' College, Montreid. distinguished Canadian
writer. Among his numerous works are the following:
Six Indian Biographies in the Eneyolopedie Canadienne,
184.3. Sixty-four articles in the Melange Religieuse of
Montreal, 1845. Biographic des Sagamos Illustres de
PAmerique Septentrionale, Preeedee d'un Index de I'His-
toire fabuleuse de ce Continent, Montreal, Lowell & Gib-
son, 1848, Svo. Cat^chisme de l'Hi^toire du Canada, il
Pusnge des T'coles, Montreal, 1853, 18mo, kc. ic.
Bibaiid, Michel, born at Montreal in 1782. Al-
though a British subject, his works have all been written
in the French language. La Bibliotheque Canadienne, 5
vols. 8vo. L'Observateur, 2 vols. Svo. Le Magasin du Bas-
Canada, Svo. L'Encyclopedie Canadienne, 8vo. L'His-
toire du Canada sous la Domination Fran^aise History
of Canada under the English Dominion, vol., 1.
Bibb, George M. Reports of Cases at Common
Law and in (.'baneery in the Court of Appeals of Ken-
tucky. lSOS-17. 4 vols. Svo; Frankfort, Ky., 1815-17.
Biber, G. E., LL.D., perpetual Curate of Roch-
ampton. English Church on the Continent, Lon., 1S46,
12mo. Sermons, Occasional and for Saints' Days, 1846,
Svo. Standard of Catholicity, 1840, Svo. Supremacy
Question. Svo. Vindication of the Church, Svo. Bishop
Blomfield and his Times. Svo.
Bicheno, J. £• Observations on the Philosophy of
Criminal Jurisprudence, tfec, Lon., 1S19, Svo. The Poor
Laws, p. Svo. Ireland and its Economy, 1S29, p. Svo.
Bicheno, James. Theolog. works. Lon., 1787-1810.
Bickerstaff, Isaac, bom probably about 1735. was
a native of Ireland. At one time he held a commission as
an officer of Marines. He was the author of many come-
dies, farces, &e., which were great favourites with the pub-
lic: 1. Leucotbe, 1756. 2. Thomas and Sally, &c., 1760.
3. Love in a Village, 1763. 4. Judith, 1764. *5. The Maid
of the Mill. 1765. 6. Daphne and Amintor, 1765. 7.
The Plain Dealer, 1766. 8. Love in the Citv, 17G7. 9.
Lionel and Clarissa, 1768. 10. The Abscnt"Man, 1768.
11. The Royal Garland, 1768. 12. The Podlock, 1768.
13. The Hypocrite, 1768. 14. The Ephesian Matron, 1760.
15. Dr. Last in his Chariot, 1760. 16. The Captive, 1769.
lb5
BIC
BID
17. A Sehool for Fathers, 1770. 18. 'Tis Well it's no
AVorse, 1770. 19. The Recruiting SerKeant, 1770. 20.
He Would if he Could, &e., 1771. 21. The Sultan, 1775.
To him also has been ascribed, 22. The Spoiled Child,
1805. — Biog. Dramat. Mr. BiekerstafTs pieces present a
combination of excellencies seldom found in conjunction.
Bickersteth, Edward, 1786-1850. a native of Kirk-
by Lonsdale, practised as a lawyer in Norwich from 1S12
to 1815. He took holy orders in the latter year, and be-
came a zealous labourer in connection with The Church
Missionary Society and other useful departments of Chris-
tian eflfort He continued in London until 1830, when he
was presented to the living of Walton, where he proved
himself a most laborious and useful parish minister. He
died at Walton in 1850. Mr. Bickersteth publii'hcd a num-
ber of valuable theological works, some of which we pro-
ceed to notice. A uniform edition of his principal works,
in 17 vols. fp. 8vo, was pub. in 1S53. It comprises Chris-
tian Truth. The Christian Student, Scripture Help, Treat,
on the Lord'.-; Supper, Treat, on Prayer, Tbe Chief Concerns
of Man, Family Expositions of the Epistles of St. John and
St. Jude, Christian Hearer's Family Prayers, Signs of the
Times in the East, Promised Glory of the Church, Restora-
tion of the Jews, Practical Guide to the Prophecies, Treat,
on Baptism, The Divine Warning to the Church, <fec. To
these 17 vols, must be added the 5 vols, of his smaller works.
The Scripture Help, designed to assist in reading the
Bible profitably, has long proved a most useful manual :
" This work is professedly a practical introduction to the read-
ing of the Sci-iptures. The sale of 30,000 copies of the large edi-
tions, and of mor« than l:i0.000 copies of the 12mo and ISmo
abr id laments, suffiriently attests the hiir;h estimatinn in which this
manual is deservedly held. It has been translated and puljlished
in the French and modern Greek languages." — Home's Introductwn.
Since the above was written, a large number of copies
have been sold. The Christian Student, designed to assist
Christians in general in acquiring Religious Knowledge;
with Lists of Books adapted to the various Classes of So-
ciety; 4th edit, corrected, 1844.
" A most valuable little work, to which the compiler of these pages
is under the greatest obligations." — Lowndes's British Librarian.
A Discourse on Justification by Faith, Ac, 1827.
** It is a plain, judicious, and practical discourse." — Lowndes.
A Treatise on the Lord's Supper.
"Seven editions of this popular and truly excellent treatise have
been published. It is divided into two parts — the first is designed
to explain the doctrines connected with that ordinance; and the
second to assist the communicant in devoutly receiving it. It
likewise forms a portion of the Christian's Family Library."
" Mr. Bickersteth's Sermons are excellent. They are plain and
simple ; there is nothing ambitious or high-wrought about them,
and they are throughout very scriptural." — Presb. Iiev.
A Practical Guide to the Prophecies, with reference to
their Interpretation and Fulfilment, and to Personal Edi-
fication, 6th edit, enlarged, Lon., 1839.
*' A most trustworthy guide; it is the completest and most com-
prehensive manual upon the subject extant, and the tone in which
it is written is altogether Christian. It forms an admirable textr
book for the students of prophecy." — Lowxdes.
" The fact that, within a few years. Mr. Bickersteth's Guide has
reached a. fifth edition, is of itself sufficient to prove the command-
ing attitude which it maintains. The popularity of the work,
however, is in some measure to be attributed to the deservedly
high standing of the pious and zealous author among the mem-
bers of his own communion, and the deeply practical character
with whi'_h he has succeeded in investing the topics of discussion.
Bating this feature, which we cannot too highly commend, we are
sorry in being obliged to give it as our opinion, that we consider
the writer to have greatly retrograded in his views since last he
ame under our notice. lie now believes in a prcmilk-nnial per-
sonal advent of Christ, and that he will so dwell on earth as to be
visible in his glory: and so important does he regard the doctrine,
that he scruples not to desisnate \i the generation truth. He ex-
pects a personal, visihlAj by which we suppose he means an indi-
vidual, antichrist, to head the last apostasy. lie is of opinion,
that the Jews, when converted, are to be the eminent} ii successful
missionarief: to the Gentiles, and are those for whom their univer-
sal conversion is reserved. He thinks that the first resurrection
(Rev. XX.) is a literal rather than ,a spiritual one. He has given
up the views which he firmerly entertained respecting a merely
spiritual and universal kingdom of Christ. His notions of Hades,
p. 313. seem very different from what we believe he once taught
respecting the glorv of that state of blessedness to which believers
are at death immediately admitted. Whatever edification its readers
may derive from the pious tone and practical character of the
book, certain we are. it will be found a very unsafe guide to the
just apprehension of the meaning of Scripture prophecy." — Evan-
gelical M'tg.. 1S38.
The Christian Fathers of the First and Second Centu-
ries, edited by E. B., Lon., 1838. This work contains their
principal remains at large, with selections from their other
writings. The Letters of the Martyrs ; collected and pub.
in 1564, with a Preface by Miles Coverdalo, and with in-
troductory Remarks by E. B., Lon., 1837, 8vo.
The Christian's Family Librarv-, 40 vols, 12dio: con-
18fi
eisting of Biog., Hist., Pract., and Devotional Works, Ori-
ginal and Selected. Mr. B. also edited The Harmony of
the Gospels, Christian Psalmody, and the Walton Tracts.
'' Mr. Bickersteth is justly entitled to rank among the most use-
ful writers of the present day. His name is no inconsiderable
recommendation of any work, and no slight security for its ex-
cellence."
Bickerton, G* Accurate Disquisitions in Physic,
Lon., 1719, 8vo.
Bickham, George. First Principles of Heraldry,
Lon., (1742.) 8vo.
" A work of no value, consisting of pp. 12. The title as well as-
the whole book is engraved." — Lowndes.
Universal Penman, Lon., 1743, fol., engraved. British.
Monarchy, Lon., 1748. Other works.
Bicknell, Alex. Hist, and Poet. Works, Lon., 1777-92.
Bicknell, J. L. Proceedings against G. Wilson, Svo.
Bicknoll^ Edm. Sworde against Swaryng, Lon., 8vo.
Biddle, Charles J., b. 1819, at Philadelphia, son of
Nicholas Biddle, served in the United States Army during
the war with Mexico; wrote The Case of Major Andre,
in Memoirs of Historical Society of Peuna., vol. vi. : seei
Mahon, Philip Henry, Loud, No. 3, p. 1204, (post.)
Biddle, Clement Cornell, 1784^-1854, edited Po-
litical Economy, from the French of J. B. Say, by C. R.
Prinsep, Bost., 1821, 2 vols. 8vo ; last ed., Phila., 1851,
Svo. Commended by Dugald Stewart, 1824.
Biddle, John, 1615-1662, a noted Socinian writer,
was born at Woottou-under-Edge, in Gloucestershire, and
educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. After suffering
imprisonment for his publications, he was banished by
Cromwell to the castle at St. Mary's, one of the Scilly
Islands. He was restored to liberty in 1658, and returned
to London. When only 19 he pub. Virgil's Bucolicks
Englished ; whereunto is added The Translation of the
First Two Satyrs of Juvenal, Lon., 1634, Svo. In 1647
he pub. Twelve Arguments on Questions drawn out of the
Scripture, wherein the commonly received Opinion touch-
ing the Deity of the Holy Spirit is clearly and fully Re-
futed, Lon., 4to. This work caused his imprisonment, and
he was summoned to the bar of the House of Commons,
by which a resolution was passed,
" That the house being acquainted with a blasphemous Pamphlet
in print, entitled, &c. by John Biddle, JIaster of .\rts. ail printed
copies should be seized and burned by the common hangman, in
Cheapside and at Westminster."
In 1648 he pub. A Confession of Faith touching the
Holy Trinity, according to Scripture ; for this and another
work. The Testimony of the Fathers to these Doctrines,
the author was sentenced to death. This sentence was
not put in execution, but he was again imprisoned. The
Confession of Faith was reviewed by Nic. Estwick, B.D.,
Lon., 1656, 4to. In 1654 he pub. A'Brief Scripture Cate-
chism, Lon., Svo. This was answered by Dr. John Owen
in his Vindiciie Evangelicai ; or the Mystery of the Gospel
Vindicated against the Socinians, «tc., Oxf., 1655, 4to.
Cloppenburgius also attacked Biddle in his Vindiciee pro
Deitate Spiritus Sancti; adversus Joan.Bidellum Anglum.
Francf., 1652, 4to, etc. Biddle also pub. A Twofold Scrip-
ture Catechism, Lon., 1654, 12mo, and History of the
Unitarians, also called Socinians, and some comments on
the Revelation. See his Life by Rev. Joshua Toulmin,
(1789, Svo.) who styles him the Fatber of the English
Unitarians.
" lie had in him a sharp and quick judgment, and a prodigious
memory : and being very industrious withal, was in a cap.icity of
devouring all he read. He was wonderfully well versed in the
Scriptures, and could not only repeat all St. Paul's epistles in I'ng-
lish. but also in tbe Greek tongue, which made him a ready dis-
putant. He was accounted by those of his persuasion a sober man
in his discourse, and to have uothiug of impiety, folly, or scui-^
rility to proceed from him : Also, so devout, that he seldom or
never prayed without being prostrate or flat on the ground." — ■
Athen. Oxim.
Biddle, Nicholas, 17S6-1844, a native of Philadel-
phia, and graduate of Princeton College, was an energetic
member of the legislature of Pennsylvania, and held the
post of President of the L^nited States Bank from 1823 to
1839. Mr. Biddlo's literary taste was of a high order.
He edited for some time the Philadelphia Port-Folio, and
contributed many articles to its pages. He compiled from
the original papers a history of Lewis and Clarke's expe-
dition to the Pacific Ocean, and prepared by request of
the President of the United States a volume put forth by
Congress, entitled Commercial Digest, Ac. A number
of his Essays, Speeches, &q. have been given to the
world, and evince great vigour of mind and classical tast*i
of no ordinary character. A well-written biographical
sketch of Mr. Riddle, by Judge Robt. T. Conrad, of Phila.,
will be found in the American National Portrait Gallery,
B!ED
BIG
Biddle, Owen. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769,
and h) Trau.s. Auu-r. Sue, 17S9.
Biddle, Richard, 1796-1847, brother of Nicholas,
was emineDt a:^ au author, a jurist, and a statesman. A
Review of Captain Baeil Hall's Travels in Xorth America
in the Years 1827 and 1S2S, by an American, 1S3U, Svo.
A Memoir of Sebastian Cabot; with a Review of the His-
tory of Maritime Discovery, illustrated by Documents
from the Rolls, now tirst published, Phila. and Luu., 1831,
Svo; Lon., 1832: anon.
" A most elaborate and successful examination into the records
of the past, for the sake of doing justice to the character of an
eminent man, whose merits have been straugely iiVL-r!niiki-.I by
most historians and biographers. The author has iircamplishrd
his task with signal ability, and has dispelled the i1;u kii'-^-; which
prejudice and carelessness had suffered to gather over thu lair fame
of a great navigator." See a review of this work by Mr. G. S.
Hill-u-d in the N. American Review, xxxiv. 405.
See also AVestm. Kev.. xvi. 22; Lon. Month. Rev., cxsv.
514; Lon. AtbenLVum, 1847, 939.
Biddulph, Thomas Tregenna, 1763-18.38. was a
native of Claines in Worcestershire. He was of Queen's
College, Oxford; B. A., 1784; M. A., 1787. He was or-
dained deacon 1785, priest, 1788. Ho was minister of St.
James's from 1798 until his death in 1838. His character
commended him to the love and esteem of all men.
Practical Essays ou the Morning and Evening Services
and Collects in the Liturgy, 1799, 12mo, 5 vols. 2d edit.,
1810. 3 vols. 3d edit, 1822, 8vo, 3 vols.
•■The whole are distinguished for their spirit of piety and at-
tention to practical utility." — British Critic.
"These Essays have already received a very honourable testi-
mony from the British Critic; such, however, is the importance of
their object, and the ability with which that object is pursued by
their author, that we are anxious to introduce and recommend
them to those of our readers who may not be already acquainted
with them." — Lmidrm Chri'itian Oiimrver.
*■ These Essays have been read with pleasure and iuiprovement
by many whose opinions do not altogether accord with those of >
Mr. Biddulph." — Lmitiim Quarterly Beview.
Letter to John Hay, 1801, Svo. An Appeal to the Public
Impartiality, 1801, Svo. Sermons. 1801, '3, '4, 'o. Bap-
tism a Seal of the Christian Covenant, &c., (in opposition
to Dr. Mant.) 1816, Svo. See Considerations on the Doc-
trine of Baptism, and on Conversion, as connected with
the Evang. Discbarge of the Pastoral Function, Lou., 1816,
Svo. This is a Review of the publications of the Rev.
Dr. Mant, and Messrs. Biddulph, Scott, and Bugg, re-
printed from the Eclectic Review for May and June. 1816.
Search after Truth in Holy Scriptures, Bristol, 1818, Svo.
Lectures on the Divine Influence or Operations of the Holy
Spirit, Bristol, 1824, Svo.
'' Many valuable and excellent remarks on the history of the
influence of the Spirit." — Bickebsteth.
An Essay ou the Doctrine of the First Resurrection,
Lon., 1834, Svo.
'■ Though the author has come to a different conclusion, he gladly
records that the strength of the argument for a spiritual resurrec-
tion is here stated in the meekness of wisdom and love." — Bicker-
STETH.
The Doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration as it has been
stated in some recent tracts, weighed in the Biilance
of the Sanctuary. In three Dialogues, Lon., 1837, Svo.
The Young Churchman Armed; a Catechism for junior
members of the Church of England, Lon., 1836, 18mo.
Plain and Practical Sermons, intended chiefly for Family
Reading and Parochial Libraries. Three series, Lon., 1838,
12mo. Theology of the Ancient Patriarchs, (a defence of
the Hutchinsouian Philosophy.) 2 vols. Svo. Inconsist-
ency of Conformity to the World, 12mo. Lectures on
Psalm li. 12mo.
Biddulph, Will, and Pet. Travels of four Eng-
lishmen and a Preacher into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia,
Thracia, and to the Black Sea; and into Syria, Ac, Lon.,
1612. 4to; Black letter. Gordonstoun, 383, £4 5*.
Bidin^field, James, Surgeon. A Compendium of
Medical Practice; illustrated by Cases, 1816, Svo.
Bidlake, John, 1755-1S14, born at Plymouth, edu-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford, and head-master of the
Grammar School at Plymouth. He pub, a number of ser-
mons, poems, i'c, 1787-1813. Sermons on various Sub-
jects, 3 vols, 1795, Svo.
'' Agreeable effusions of pulpit oratory." — Lowndes.
Dr. Drake, a good authority, speaks highly of Bidlake's
poems.
Bidulpli, Miss Sidney. Memoirs, 1760, 3 vols, 12mo.
Bidwell, R. Covenant of Grace, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Bielefeld, C. F. Treatise on Papier Mache for
Decorations, Lon.. 4to. £2 2a.
Bieston, Roger. Bayt« and Snare of Fortune, Lon.,
fob, Sykes, £3 1U».; Inglis", 17«.
Bifield. Pco Byfielp.
ISi^elow, Andrew, of Massachusetts. Leaves from
a Jcmrnal ; or. Sketches of Rambles in some parts of North
Britain and Ireland in 1817 j Bost. 1821, Svo.
" We have read these Sketches with j;reat and increasing pleap
sure, and "no kuow of few works of a similar character executed
in a happier manner. The style is ori;nnal. chaste, and classical;
and thti manner lively, buoyant, and what some cri(i'?s would call
refreshiuf;- His Excursion from Edinburgh to Dublin will bear
to be read over and over again with renewed pleasure and dL'lit,'ht,
So will also his Tour to Loch Katrine and the Grampians; bis
Visit to the Grave of Colonel Gardiner; his Pili^rimage to Melrose
and Drybuffih Abbey; but particularly his Day in Lorn. The lat^-
ter is exquisitely romantic; and whoever can read it without plea-
sure, can never hope to derive pleasure from works of a descriptive
and romantic character." — European Mufjazine.
This work has also been favourably noticed in the Lite-
rary Gazette; Literary Chronicle; La Belle Assemblce;
Mnnth. Mag., Ac. Ac. Travels in Malta and Sicily, ISol,
Svo. Commended in Prescott's Philip II., 1856, ii. 504.
Bigelow, Artemas, b. 1818, in Mass.; grad. "Wes-
lejau Univ. ; botanist and scientific writer. Contrib, Saud-
stouc Formation of Alabama, in Silliman's Journal, Ac.
Bigelow, George Tyler, and George Bemis.
Report of the Trial of Abner Rogers for Murder, Boston,
1844. Svo.
Bigelow, Jacob, M.D.. LL.D., b. 1787, at Sudbury,
Mass.; graduated at Harvard College, 1806 ; Rumford Pro-
fessor, and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Botany, ia
Harvard University since 1816. Florula Bostoniensis : a
Collection of Plants of Boston and its Environs, &.Q., Boston,
1814, Svo; 2d ed.. greatly enlarged, Boston. 1824, Svo; 3d
ed., enlarged, Boston, 1840, 12mo, pp. 468. American
Medical Botany, Cambridge, Mass.. 1817-21, r. Svo, 3 vols.,
1817. See Lon. Phil, Mag. for 1817.
'•"We have no hesitation in saying explicitly that the work just
analyzed has advanced the science to which it has been devoted,
and that we look forward with earnestness for the remaining
volumes." — iV. Ama\ Rev., vi. 368.
" We find that be has not only described the botanical properties
of his plants with great accuracy, — which is more than can be said
of his predecessors, — but he has also done it with perspicuity and
elepince of expression.'' — N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 123.
The Useful Arts Considered in Connexion with the Ap-
plications of Science, Bost.. 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. This is
an enlargement of a similar work vrhich appeared under
the title of The Elements of Technology. Nature in Diseasa
Illustrated in Various Discoveries and Essays ; to which are
added Miscellaneous Writings, chiefly on Medical Subjects,
Bost., 1854, pp. 391. Dr. Bigelow edited, with Notes, Sir
J. E. Smith's Botany, 1814, Svo, was one of the contributors
to the Monthly Anthology, and is the author of many grace-
ful and witty pieces of poetry which have irom time to
time appeared. He is the reputed author of a poetical
Jen (Vesprit, containing imitations of several American
poets, under the title of Eolopoesis, N. York, 12mo.
Bigelow, John, b. 1817, at Maiden, Ulster county.
New York ; associate editor and proprietor of the New
York Evening Post. Jamaica in 1850, or the Effects of
Sixteen Years of Freedom on a Slave Colony. Mr. B. haa
contributed to the N. York Review and the Democratic
Review. His articles on Constitutional Reform, originally
pub. in the last-named periodical, were subsequently issued
in pamphlet form. To the same journal he contributed an
article on Lucian, a review of Anthon's Classical Dic-
tionary, and a rejoinder to Prof. Anthon's reply.
BigeloAV, Lewis. A Digest of the Reported Cases
in the Supreme .Judicial Court of Massachusetts, contained
in the 17 vols, of Mass. Reports, and the 1st of Picker-
ing's Reports. 2d ed. Svo, Boston, 1825.
"The author does not, as we conceive, draw the line with suffi-
cient distinctness between the points of a case whiib aie solemnly
decided as law, and the obiter dicta of the Court., their queries,
extra-judicial remarks, and opinions delivered arguendo." — 3 U. S.
Rev. 201.
A Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols, ii.-vii., being a sup.
to the Digest of the previous volumes of the Mass. Re-
ports, Svo, Boston, 1830.
" The above digests are now superseded by Miuof s Digest, q. v."
— JUaj-^'in's Legal Bill.
Bigelow, Timothy, 1767-1S21. was a son of Colonel
Timothy Bigelow, who served in Arnold's expedition to
Quebec, and commanded the 16th regiment in the Revo-
lutionary War. The subject of this notice was born at
Worcester, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College
in 1786, and commenced the practice of the Law in 1789,
at Groton. He was a prominent member of the legisla-
ture for more than 20 years, and for 11 years was the
speaker of the House of Representatives.
"A learned, eloquent, and popular lawyer. It has been com-
puted that during a practice of thirty-two years he argued not less
than 15,000 cases. His usual antagonist was Samuel Dana. Over
187
BIG
the assembly of six or seven hundred legislators of Massachusetts
lu! presided with great dignity and energy."
He pub. an Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society,
1 797. An Extract from his Eulogy on S. Dana is in the
Historical Collection. See Allen's American Biog. Diet.;
.lenuison ; Marine Hist. Coll., i. 363, 388, 409; iVIass. Hist,
Coll., s. s. ii. 235, 252.
Bigg, J. Stanyan, is one of a new school of poets
of the terrific order. Night and the Soul ; a Dramatic
Poem, Lon., 1854.
Bigge, Thomas. Political Treatises, 1794-95, 8to.
Bigger, J. and H. Dunn. The Revised Statutes of
the Sitae of Indiana, 8vo, Indianapolis, 1845, 8vo.
Biggin, George. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1799.
Biggs, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Horticult. Soc. i. 63.
Biggs, James. Hist, of Miranda, Ac, Lon., 1809, Sto.
Biggs, Noah. On the Vanity of the Craft of Physic,
or a new Dispensatory; with a Motion for Refining the
Universities, and the whole Landscape of Physic, and dis-
covering the Terra Incognita of Chymistry, Lon., 1651, 4to.
This author docs not seem to have laclied self-confidence.
Biggs, Richard. Of the Truth, &c., Bath, 1770,
]2mo. This author takes to task Pope and his doughty
mastiff defender, Warburton.
Biggs, Wra. Milt. Hist, of Europe, 1739-48, Lon.,
1765, Svo.
Bigland, John, d. 1832, a schoolmaster, horn at Skir-
laugh in Holderncss, pub. several valuable works. Letters
on the Study and Use of Ancient and Modern History,
Lon., 1804, 12mo.
'* Mr. liijiand displays in this volume a well-cultivated and
compreheusive mind. "llis style is generally correct; his informa-
tion is extensive, and the many pertinent reniarivs and inferences
with which he has enriched this summary of general history, meet
our cordial approbation.'' — Loii. Monlhl]/ R'-vieiv.
" We are well pleased with this publication. It is a useful un-
dertaking, well executed."— BriYi's?! Critic.
" This Uttle historic digest, collected from most unexceptionable
authors, is executed with great neatness and propriety."— iore.
Critical Review.
" He has suffered no opportunity to escape him of blendmg re-
ligious .ind moral lessons with his instructions, and he deserves
the highest pr.aise for the total exclusion of all indelicate expres-
sions."— Aiiti^Jacohin R£V.
Letters on Natural History, exhibiting a View of the
Power. Wisdom, and Goodness of the Deity, Ac., Lon.,
1806, Svo. ^^ , ,
■' We recommend our young readers to peruse the present work
as a compilation of very useful and entert-alning information."
The History of Spain to 1809, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. Svo.
" The author Ims produced a pleasing and useful work."- io«.
Eclectic Revieio.
Essays on Various Subjects, Doncaster, 1805, 2 vols. Svo.
"These essays are marked by a philosophical and unprejudiced
spirit of investigation on all subjects." — Annual Review.
" They contain much good sense, expressed in neat and perspi-
cuous langmage."' — Britiah Critic.
A System of Geography and History.
*' A very pleasing picture of the past and present state of man-
kind. Ac.'' — Lmul'm Critical Review.
Bigland, Ralph, 1711-1784, Garter Principal King
at Arms, was a native of Westmoreland. Observations on
Marriages, Baptisms, and Burials, as preserved in Pa-
rochial Registers.
" A very curious book, containing much valuable information
for the genealogist."
He made large collections for a history
'■ H.ather of the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire than of the Shire
itself,"
A portion of which w.as pub. by his son RicnARn BiG-
LANn. Es.|., in 1(92. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Bighmd, Richard. See above.
Bigland, Wm. The Mechanics' Guide, Lon., 1795, Svo.
Biglow, William, 1773-1844, b. at Natick, Massa-
chusetts. History of the Town of Natick, Massachusetts,
from 1650 to the' Present Time; and also of Sherbiirno,
BIL
Bigsby, R. Old Places Revisited, or the Antiquari.an
Ei.S.husiast, 3 vols. Lon., 1851, Svo. An interestiiig work
on the Antiquities, Manners, Customs, and Persons ul Old
England, illust. by Anecdotes. Poems and Essays, Svo.
Bill, Anna. Mirror of Modestie, Lon., 1621, Svo;
prefixed is a portrait of Anna Bill, followed by Verses to
her Memory, Bindley, £3 16». ,„„,: „
Billing, Robert. Carrots for Cattle, Lon., 1765, Svo.
Billing, Sidney. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Awards and Arbitrations, Ac, Lon., 1846, Svo.
" As far .as our means of judging go, we think Mr. Hilling has
executed his task with great ability and success, and has given a
useful work to the profession."
Billinghurst,George. Legal Treatises,Lon.,1674-76.
Billings, Joseph, Commodore. Expedition to the
Northern Parts of Russia, Lon., 1802, 4to. Written by
Martin Sauer ; another account was pub. in Russian by
Captain S.aretschewya.
Billings, Peter. Fidly Predominant, 1755.
Billings, R. W. Baronial and Ecclesiastical Anti-
quities of Scotland, 4 vols. 4to, with 240 engravings by
Finden and others, pub, at £8 8», ; large paper, £12 128.,
Edinburgh, 1861. , . , ^
"Thetiist work which, either in poinT of extent or of style, has
any claim to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet
spared to Scotland ; and the plates are large enough to admit of
the distinct delineiition of minute peculiarities. Mr. Billings is a
masterly draughtsman, well skilled in the history and characteris-
tics of architectural style, having an excellent eye in- pei spective,
and uniting scrupulous fidelity to good tast<? .-11111 koouKdge of
effect. His engravings do him justice, and altogether nothing can
be more stitialactoiy than his representations."— ion. Qvar. Rev.
Architecture of Carlisle Cathedral, 1839. 4to. Do. Dur-
ham Cathedral, 1844, 4to. Do. Durham County, 4to.
Do. Kettering Church, 4to. Do. Temple Church. 4to.
Geometrical Projection of Gothic Architecture, 1S40, 4to.
Gothic P.anclling in Brancepcth Church, 4to. Do. Carlisle
Cathedral, 1841, 4to. Infinity of Geometric Design Exem-
plified, 1849, 4to, Power of Form applied to Geometric
Tracery, r. Svo.
Biliingsley. Sermons, 1716-1741.
Billingsley, Sir Henry, d. 1606, a mathematician,
educated at Oxford, and Lord Jl.ayor of London in the reign
of Elizabeth, studied mathematics under Mr. Whitehead,
who resided in his house for many years. Sir Henry pub.
a tr.anslation of Euclid into English, in which he incorpo-
rated the valuable MS. notes of his deceased friend and
preceptor; Lon., 1670, fed. To this work Dr. John Dee
prefixed a learned introduction.
Billingsley, John. Strong Comfort for Weak Chris-
tians, Lon., 1666. 4to. Other works.
Billingsley, John. Sermons, 1700-27. 25 Sermons
against Popery, Lon., 1723, Svo.
" His discourses are solid and judicious, the result of mature
thought and diligent piepaiatiou."— WiLso.x.
Ho wrote the Exposition of Jude in the continuation of
Henry's Commentary.
Billingsley, John. General View of the Agriculture
of tlic Counly of Somer.set, Bath, 1798, Svo.
'■ This has 1 teen justly iecli<med a superior work of the kind." —
D<iji<'l<l>i<ai!i Aijricnlt. Biog.
Billingsley, Martin. Pen's Excellencie, or the
Secretary's Delight, Lou,, 1641, 4to. A Copy Book, 1623.
Billingsley, Nicholas. Brachy-Martyrologia, or
a Brcviarv of all the greatest Persecutions which have
befallen the Saints and People of God from the Creation
to our present time ; paraphrased, Lon., 1657, Svo.
"It can serve indeed as little more than an Index to copious
works on the same subject; but such an index is not without its
value, from having a chronological anvangement." — RutUata^
iv. 4.'i4.
The Infancy of the World, Lon., 1658, Svo.
See Britisij Bibliographer, ii. 043, and Kestituta, iv. 4,14. 468.
Billingsley also pub. Treasury of Divine Raptures, Lon.,
Mass from its Incorporation to the End of" the Year . 1667, Svo, and some other works. See Bibl. Anglo-Poe-
1830, Bost., 1830, Svo. He contributed articles in prose tica, 62,53,54, where the above works are priced i.3 3s.,
and verse to many of the journals of the day
Bignell, Henry, 1611-1660? an English clergyman,
was educated at Brasenose College, and St. Mary's H.all,
Oxford. The Son's Portion, Lon., 1640, Svo. English
Proverbs. Ac. Wood gives any thing but a flattering pic-
ture of this author. , „„ , >
Bigot, (Tanner.) Bagot, (Strype.) Bygod, (Wood,)
Sir Francis, pub. A Treatise concerning Impropriations
of Benefices, Lon., 1671(?) 4to, and 1646, 4to.
" The author's purpose was chiefly bent against the monasteries,
who had unjustly gotten very many parsonages into their pos-
session, as it had been complained of long before his time, ,'specially
by Dr. Thos. Gascoigno, a Vorivsbii-e man born, 'f he said Bygod
translated also divers batiu books into English, which 1 have not
yet seen." — AUtal. Oxon.
168
£3 10«., and £3 3s.
Billingsley, Nicholas. Theolog. and Biograph.
works, Lon., 1717. '21, '2.'^.
Billington, Rev. Linus W., b. 1802, in New Jer-
sey. Review of Davis's Hcvelations, Ac.
Billyns. Five Wounds of Christ, a Poem from an
ancient Parchment Roll. Published by W. Balemnn,
Manchester, 1814, 4to. Black Letter, with fac-similcs,
25 copies printed.
Bilson, Thomas, 1636-1616, a native of Winchester,
was educated at the schocd of that place, and in 1565 ad-
mitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford. He wau
Master of Winchester School, Prebendary of the Cathe-
dral, and afterwards Warden of the College in the same
BIL
BIN
city. He was mado Bishop of Woi'ccster in 1596, and in
1597 was translated to Winchester. The True Difl'erence
between Christian Subjection and Unchristian Rebellion,
Osf., 1585, 4to. This work was directed against the sup-
posed political principles of the Romanists, and vindicated
the supreuiacy of Queen Elizabeth, and her interference ia
favour of the Protestants of the Low Countries.
" This book, which served ht-r desi;;n for the present, did contri-
bute much to the ruin nf her successor, K. Ch. I. ... To justify
the revolt of Holland, Bilson gave strange liberty in many cases,
especially concerning religion, for subjects to cast off their obedi-
ence. . . . There is not any book that the Presliyterians have made
more dangerous use of against their prince, (Ch. I.,) than that
which his j>rrdecessor commanded to be written to justify her
against th.- King of Spain." — Athen. Oxon.
The Perpetual Gouernment of Christe's Church, &.Q.,
Lon., 1593, 1610, 'Ito. In Latin, 1611. 4to. This is con-
sidered one of the best arguments for Episcopacy. A new
edit, with a Biog. notice by Rev. Robert Eden, Oxf.,
1842, Svo.
The Effect of Certaine Sermons, touching the Full Re-
demption of Mankind by the Death and Blood of Christ
Jesus, &c., Lon., 1598, Svo.
" These sermons, preached at Paul's Cross, made great alarm
among the puritanical brethren." — Wood.
Honry Jacob answered It, and Bilson replied in The
Survey of Christ's Sufferings for Man's Redemption, &c.,
Lon., 1604, fol. Repub. in Tracts of Ang. Fathers, li. 73.
Sermon on Rom. xiii. 4; Lon., 1604, Svo.
"The care of revising and putting the last hand to the new
translation of the English Bilde iu King James 1st reign, was
committed to our author, and to Dr. Miles Smith, afterwards
Bishop of Gloucester."
*' lie was as reverend and learned a prelate as England ever af-
forded, a deep and profound scholar, exactly read in Ecclesiastical
authors.'' — Wood.
"An excellent civilian, and a veiy great scholler." — SiB Ajj-
THONY WeLDON.
" A deep and profound scholar, excellently well read in the
fathers." — Fuller.
" A very grave man ; and how great a divine, if any one knows
not. let hini consult bis learned writings."— Bishop Goodwin.
"I find but finire lines (in Bishop Goodwin's book) concerning
him; and if I should give him his due, in proportion to the rest,
I should spend foure leaves." — Sir John Harrington. See Chal-
niers'BE.D.; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Harrington's Brief View.
Kilstone, John. Sermons, 1749-63.
Biiick, James. CoUectio de xsxii. Iconibus Beorum
ac Dearum Gentilium fere incisis, 1530, fol. A scarce work.
Biiickcs, Wm. Sermons, &c., 1702-10.
Bindley, James, Senior Commissioner of the Stamp
Oflice. Statutes Relating to the Stamp Duties, Lon., 1775,
4to. This gentleman is the Leontes celebrated by Dr.
Dibdin in his Bibliomania, and in the Bibliographical
Decameron. He was noted for knowledge of books and
his valuable Library. Mr. John Nichol.-^ paid him a de-
served compliment by dedicating to him the most valuable
collection of literary treasures in the language — Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes. See Nichols, John.
To the 1st edit, of this work Mr. Bindley was a con-
tributor.
" LiSAEDO. Gratify a curiosity that I feel to know the name and
character of yonder respectably-looking gentleman, in the dress of
the old school, who is speakiug in so gracious a manner to Ber-
nardo.
" 'Tis Leontes : a man of taste, and an accomplished antiquary.
Even yet he continues to gratify his favourite passion for book
and print collecting: although his library is at once choice and
copious, and his collection of prints exquisitely fine. . . . Like
Atticus [Richard Ileber, Esq.] he is liberal in the loan of his trea-
sures: and. as with him, so 'tis with Leontes — the spirit of book-
coUectiug 'assumes the dignity of a virtue.' Peace and comfort
be the attendant spirits of Leontes, through life and in death: tlie
happiness of a better world await him beyond the grave! His
memory will always be held in reverence by honest biblioma-
niacs."—B(W/o»ia»V(7, ed. 1842, 133.
Some six years later Dibdin again notices this worthy
character :
" Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart are the name
and the virtues of Leontes! That excellent, and venerable cha-
racter yet lives; lives in the increased estimation of his long-tried
friends, and in the very plenitude and zenith of bibliomaniacal
reputation. Can human felicity go beyond this? Rirh iu 'good
works' as well as iu good books. . . . Gaze thtri'tiJi-.- with respect
and admiratinn upoii the numerous and wi'll-srlnti-d t'.mes of
which the library of the venerable gentleman is iniii])Osed ; and
wish that he who knows how to make such an excellent use of
thfin, may yet live to complete his term of a 'thousand years.'" —
Biblmgraphical Decameron, in. 26, 412.
Binfield, Wm. Travels and Adventures, 2 vols.
Lon.. 17.>3.
Bingham, Caleb, of Boston, Massachusetts, was
author of the Hunters; Young Lady's Accidence, 1789 j
Epistolary Correspondence; The Columbian Orator.
Bingham, George, 1715-1800, a native of Dorset,
was educated at AVcstminster, and Christ Church, Oxford.
Being elected Fellow of All Souls* College, he formed an
intimacy with William (afterwards Sir William) Black-
stone, who assisted him in the preparation of bis Stem-
mata Chieheliana. His principal works are aVindieatioa
of the Doctrine and Liturgy of the Church of England,
Oxf , 1774, 8vo. This was occasioned by Mr. T. Lindscy's
Apology for Quitting his Living, Lon., 1774, Svo. Au
Essay on the Millennium, &c., Lon., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. and
Essays, Disputations, and Sermons, to which are pretixed
Memoirs of the Author's Life, by Peregrine Bingbam,
1S04, 2 vols. Svo. These four vols, were pub. by his son.
Also sec Biographical Anecdotes of the Rev. John Bing-
ham, being part of the Bib. Top. Brit., reprinted, with ad-
ditions, 1813, 4to, and fol.
" It has been justly remarked to his honour and credit, that ho
never made an aciiuaintance by whom he was not highly respected,
or tiirmed au intimacy that was not permanent."
Bingham, Joseph, 1668-1723, the celebrated author
of Origines Ecclesiastical, was a native of Waketield in
Yorkshire. In 16S4 he was admitted a member of Uni-
versity College, Oxford. He took the degree of B. A.
in 1688, M. A. in 1691. He was elected Eellow of his
College in 1689. By the kindness of the eminent Dr,
RadelifFo he was presented, ujion resignation of his fel-
lowship, to the rectory of Hcadbourn-Wortby in Hamp-
shire, with about £100 a year. Some sis or seven years
after this event he married a daughter of Richard Pococke,
grandfather of the celebrated author of the Description of
the East. Feeling the great want which existed of a good
work upon Ecclesiastical Antiquities, Bingham determined
to endeavour to supply the void. His disadvantages were
great: ill health, large family, small means, and almost
without books. Fortunately the latter want was supplied
by his opportunity of access to the excellent liljrary of the
cathedral church of Winchester, the bequest of Bishop
M or ley.
" Even this was deficient in many works to which he had occa-
sion to refer; and yet when we tui-n to the Index Auctorum at
the end of his work, we shall perhaps be astonished at the vast
nuniliur of books which he appears to have consulted. But to
such straits was he diiven for want of books, that he frequently
procured inipeitl'ct copies at a cheap rate, and then employed a
portion fil'lliat time, of which so small a portion was allotted him^
and whirh tliL-rellire could so ill be so spired, in the tedious task
of transcribing the deticient pages: instances of which are still in
being, and serve as memorials of his indefatigable industry on
all occasions."
The author remarks :
" I couftss that this work will suffer something in my hands
for want of several books, which I have no opportunity to see, nor
ability to jjurchase. The chief assistance I have hitherto had is
from the noble lienetaction of one, who bemg dead, yd speakelh ; I
mean the renowned Bishop Morley."
He pub. the 1st vol. (Origines Ecclesiasticos, or the An-
tiquities of the Christian Church) in 170S. and the 10th
and last in 1722, Svo. "Whole works, 1726, 2 vols. foL
Translated into Latin, with the words of the quotations
given by Grischovius. Halla;,172(-29, and again in 1751.
"Tlii- Mutlmr blf MS. corriTtions. which were incorporated in
an editi.m .-ilil.-d Ity bis gn-at-grandsdu, in S vols. Svo, 1S29. Two
editions have since that date appc;ired under the able editorship
of the Ilev. .7. It. I'itman, in whirh the passages referred to are
given in the original words. The Kev. Richai'd Bingham, son of
the former editor, has prepared an edition which, when published,
will be of great importance, as he has verifit'd all the quotations,
some of which had escaped the research of Orischovius and Mr.
Pitman. An edition of the Ecclesiastical Antiquities only, as it
originally appeared, is in print, in 2 vols, imperial Svo." — JJaiiinij's
Cyc. BibUognqyhica.
It is an interesting bibliographical incident that the
valuable labours of Mr. Bingham should be revised by his
great-great-grandson after a lapse of 130 years. Mr. Bing-
ham also wrote: The French Church's Apology for the
Church of England. &c., Lon., 1706, Svo. A Scholastical
History of Lay Baptism, two parts, Lon., 1712, 2 vols. Svo.
A Discourse concerning the Mercy of God to Penitent Sin-
ners : and a Discourse on Absolution, in his Works, 2 vols,
fob, 1726.
Before the publication of vols. ix. and x. of his Origines,
Mr. Bingham was sorely tried by the conduct of a Mr. A.
Blackamore, who pub. in 1722. 2 vols. Svo, A Summary of
Christian Antiquities, -fee, which Mr. Bingham declared to
be, for the most part, an abridgment of the 8 vols, upon
which he had bestowed "Twenty years' hard labour."
Ho thus discourses upon the matter in the preface to vols.
ix. and X. :
" When I had finished these two volumes, and completed the
whole work that I intended, and sent it to the press, hoping tn give
myself a little rest and vacation from hard labour. I was immedi-
ately called to a new work by a book that was sent me. bearing
the title of Ecclesia Primitiva? Notitia in a Summary of Christian
Antiriuities. To whiih is prefixed an Index II,"ereticus. contain-
mg a short account of all the principal heresies since the rise of
189
BIN
BIN
ClirisHanity; and subjoined A Brief Account, of the Ei^'lil First ; by these repeated abridgments of it. as well as by the
■' ■ " '' " ' inauilold use of it made iu other writings."
*' Most strongly and vehemently do I recommend Bingham's
Antiquities of the Christian Church; he justly ranks amonf; our
brightest church luminaries. Jortin knew the value of his labours;
Gil)t)(iii stole fiom them, and they have been translated and revo-
renie.l all ovei' the Continent."— DluMN.
" ( tpus ii.sniii Binghami tam egregium est. ut merito inter libros,
quibus Auliijnitates Ecclesiastic.-e universa3 enarratje sunt, prin-
cipatum teneat, sive ad rerum copiam atque apparatum ; sive ad
earum explanationem animum advertere velimus. Commendat
illud se adcuratiori ordine, argnmentis solidis; sive testimoniis.
qua; e-X ipsis fontibus hausta ac diligenter adducta sunt, perspicui-
tate jitque aliis virtutibus. Ac quamvis auctor, lis addictus. qui
in Anglia pro episcopi>rnm auctoritiite pugnant. ad horum senten-
tiiis veteris eci-lesia^ instifuta trahat: animi tamen moderationem,
quum ill his rebus versiitur. ostendit ac si qua? corrigenda sunt."
— W.iu^uil : BiUiuthem Tlutilngica, vol. ill. p. 671.
The Lon. Quarterly Iteview. in an article on Christian Burial,
says : " This is traced by Biu;rham with his usual entdition ;" and
in speaking of psalmody in the early Christian Church, "of this
Bingliam produces abundant evidence." And again, in an article
on the Architecture of E.arly Christian Churches, " much informa-
tion on this subject is collected in the Origines Ecclesiasticie of
Bingham, a writer who does equal honour to the English clergy
and to the English nation, and whose learning is to be equalled
only by his mod^jration and impartiality." — Vols. xxi. xxvii. xxviii.
" Let Bingham be consulted where he treats of such matters as
you meet with, that have any difficulty in them." — i>r. \\\tUr-
laniTs Advice to a Tbuvg Student.
" This is an invaluable Treatise of Christian Antiquities, and
deserves the first place in works of this kind: the plan and the
execution do equal honour to the learning and industry of the
author." — Orme : BibUotlieca Biblica.
*'A vast body of information respecting the tirst Christian
Churches, and full of valuable learning on the Eai'ly State of the
Church." — BICKERSTETH.
*' For the elucidation of the Antiquities of the Church, we can-
not refer to a higher authority than that of Bingham. Joseph
Bingham w.as born at "Waketield. in Yorkshire. September lfi68,
and graduated at University College. Oxford. 1683. He was pre-
sented by Dr. Itadcliffe to the Kectory of Ileadbourn-AVorthy,
near Winchester; and there, having the use of the Cathedral Li-
brary, he commenced his celebrated work Origines Ecclesiastic*,
or the Antiquities of the Christian Church."— rmce of the Church.
It is also recommended to be studied by Bishops Tom-
line, Randolph, and Coleridge ; by Dr. Burton, and in the
Tracts for the Times published at O.^ford.
'■ He who seeks for infonajitinn upon any ecclesiastical subject,
will be almost sure to find it in Bingham's Antiquities."— Bishop
Short.
Bingham, Joseph, second son of the preceding, of
Corpus Christi College, O.vford, died when ho
" \V;is preparing to give public proofs of his diligence, having
actually printed every part, except the title-page and preface, of a
very vahuable edition of the Theban Story, which was completed
and published after his death."
Bingham, J. Elliot, Commander, E.N. A Narra-
tive of the E.\peaition to China, [in 1840-42.]
Bingham, Peregrine. Pains of Memory; a Poem,
1811, Svo. See Bingham, liF.ORGE.
Bingham, Peregrine. Reports and Legal Treatises,
1820-40. Reports in the C. Pleas. 1822-34, Lon., 10 vols,
roy. Svo. New Cases in C. P. and other Courts, 1834—40,
6 vols. roy. 8vo.
Bingham, Richard. Sermon, Ac, 1789-1811.
Bingham, Richard, great-grandson of Joseph
Bingham, edited his works, 8 vols. Svo, 1829, and is au-
thor of a number of Discourses, &e.
Bingham, Richard, great-great-grandson of Joseph
Bingham, revised his works.
Bingham, Thomas. The Triumph of Truth, or
Proofs of the Authenticity of the Bible. Lon., 1800.
Bingham, William, a senator of the United States,
d. 1804, aged 52. In 1780 ho married Miss Willing of
Phil.adelphia ; his son 'Williani mailed in Montreal in
1822 ; a daughter was married to a son of Sir Francis
Baring. Mr. B. pub. A Letter from an American on the
subject of the Restraining Proclamation, with strictures
on Lord Sheffield's pamphlets, 1784. Description of cer-
tain Tracts of Land in the District of Maine, 1793. In
this year Mr. B. purchased more than two millions of acres
of land in Maine, at an eighth of a dollar per acre, or for
more than $2S0.000. — Allen'e Amer. Biog. Diet.
Bingley, William. Sermon, Lon., 1094, Svo.
Binglcy, William. Discontent in Ireland, and
Cause of tlie Rebellion, 1799, 4to.
Bingley, William, d. 1823, a native of Yorkshire,
of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, graduated in 1799. and
took holy orders. He pub. a nuniljer of works, 1793-1818.
We notice a few of them: North Wales; including its
Scenery, Antiquities, Custimis, Ac, delineated from two
Excursions in 1798 and 1801, Lon., 1804, 2 vols. Svo.
" We have no hesitation in declaring that these volumes deseno
to be ranked among the best performances of the kind; nor will
eneral Councils, dedicated to the venerable Society fir I'r-.pa.'.Htr
ing the Gospel in Foreign Parts, by A. Blackamore. in t wo vol uuies
8vo, Lon., 1722. I confess. 1 was very much surprised at first with
the title and epistle dedicatory, thinking it to be some new work,
that had done some mighty thing, either in correcting my mistakes,
or supplying my deliciincies. after twenty years' bard Labour in
compiling my Oi i;^inrs for the use of the church. But as soon as
I looked into the piifa.e. aud a little into the book itself, I found
it to he only a transcript of some part of my Origines, under the
notion of an epitome, though no such thing is SJvid in the title-
page ... If he had done it in a genteel wiiy, by asking leave,
and under direction, he should have had my leave and encourage-
ment also. Or if he had done it usefully, so as truly to answer
the end he pretends, even without leave, he should have my par-
don. But now he has defeated his own design, both by unneces-
sary and hurtful additiims of his own, which will not only incom-
mode and encumber his books, but render them dangerous and
pernicious to unwary readers, unless timely antidoted and cor-
rected by some moreVuiirul band. For wlii''li rensnn, since they
are sent'iuto the world tdgither with an abstra.t ..f my Antiqui-
ties, 1 have thought it just both to the world aud myself to make
some proper animadversions on them,"
The justly indignant author then proceeds in a long
bill of indictments to substantiate his charge. The griev-
ance complained of was one to which all authors are
liable, and the more meritorious their productions the
greater the risk. Mr. Pitman's last edit., referred to be-
fore, was pub. in 1840. in 9 vols. Svo. (See preceding no-
tice of forthcoming edition, by the Rev. Richard Bingh,am.)
To those unacquainted with the value of the work, it
may be useful to give an analysis of the Twenty-three
Books, of which the Antiquities is composed :
1. Of Christianity in general; the Names and Orders of
both Clergy and Laity.
2. The Laws of the First Councils.
3. Of the Inferior Clerical Laws.
4. Of the Election and Ordination of the Clergy; Quali-
fications, &c.
6. Clerical Privileges, Immunities, and Revenues.
6. The Laws and Rules of their Lives, Services, Beha-
viour, ifec.
7. Of the Ascetics.
8. Of their Councils, Churches, Ac.
9. Of the Divisions into Provinces, Dioceses, and Pa-
rishes ; with the Origin of these Divisions.
10. Of the Catechisms, and first use of Creeds.
11. On the Administration of Baptism.
12. On Confirmation.
13. Of Divine Worship in the Ancient Congregations.
14. Of the Service of the Catechumens.
15. Of the Communion Service.
16. Of the Unity and Discipline of the Church.
17. Of the Exorcise and Discipline among the Clergy.
18. Of the Penitential Laws and Rules for doing Public
Penance.
19. Of Absolution.
20. On the Festivals.
21. On the Fasts.
22. On the Miirriage Rites.
23. On the Funeral Rites.
With Four Dissertations. In the first three, those things
only briefly described in his Antiquities are more fully ex-
plained, in the fourth, he defends the English Homilies,
Liturgy, and Canons, from domestic adversaries, particu-
larly the French Reformers.
The following testimonies, selected from numerous
others which could be adduced, will serve to show the es-
timation in which he is generally held by all parties :
Auguste, in his Introduction to Handhuch der Christli-
clicn Archaologic, p. 11, (Leipzig, 1S36,) says, after having
spoken of some unsatisfactory works, " But the English
Clergyman, Joseph Bingham, remarkable for his profound
learning, and his spirit of unprejudiced inquiry, was the
first who published a complete Archajology, and one wor-
thy of the name. His Origines or Christian Antiquities
first appeared in London, 1708-22, in 10 parts, Svo. Un-
doubtedly, the Latin translation by J. 11. Grischovius has
very much contributed to the general sju'cad of this clas-
sical work. While Bingham was still living, a country-
man of his own, A. Blackamore, prepared ;in abridgment
under the title of Summary of Christian Anliquities, Lon.,
1722,, with which Bingham was much displeased, it being
published as an original work. At a later period another
abridgment appeared liy an anonymous Rcmian Catholic
Theologian ; J. Bingham's Christian Antiquities, an abridg-
ment from the English edition, Augsburg. 1788-96. The
work also called Lucii Paleotimi Antiquitatum S. Origi-
num Ecclesiasticarnin summa, Veuet., 1766, is nothing
more than an abridgment of Bingham's work, the useful-
jje.si of which for both confessions is strongly indicated
190
BIN
BIR
any onp heroafter act wisely who should visit North 'Wales, with-
out making tlieui his conipaninn." — Brilisli Critic.
"The language, manners, rustoms, anticjuities, and hotany, ara
pai'ticularly attended to, and well described." — Stevenson.
Memoirs of British Quadrupeds, &c., Lon., 1809, Svo.
This worii is not merely a compilation from other natu-
ralists, hut a great portion consists of original observation
and anecdote.
Animated Nature, 1815, Svo.
*' M'hen we reflect on the quantity of useful infnrm.ation which
Mr.Bin^dey has contrived to reduce within such a limited number
of pai^es, on the authentic documents ftoni wliicli In- has abrid'.;ed
his materials, and on the e.a.sy compn-lnnsiun of his stvle and
manner, we cannot hesitate to recommend this work to those
persons who are intrusted with the education of the young." —
it/re. Miitttlily Review, Oct., 1810.
Useful Knowledge, ISIB, .Svo.
" To the library of the youn;; these volumes will bo a most de-
sirable addition." — British Critic, .Sept., 1S17.
Mr. B.'s Animal Biography Is one of the most enter-
taining works in the language.
Biniiell, Robert. Sermon, 1751, Svo.
Biniiey, Amos, M.D., 1S0.3-1S47, a native of Boston,
one of the founders, and, at the time of his death. President,
of the Boston iSoc. of Nat. Hist. His writings on the Land-
Shells of America are to be found in the proceedings and
.journal of that society. Terrestrial and Air-Breathing
Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of
North America, Best, 1851, 3 vols. Svo. See Gould, A. A.
Binney, Rev. Amos. Theological Compend., ISmo.
Biuney, Horace, of Philadeli)hia, one of the most
eminent of American lawyers. Reports of Cases argued
and determined in the Sujjreme Court of Pennsylvania
from 1799 to 1S14, fi vols. Svo, Phila., 1S09-15. Eulogium
on Chief-Justice Tilghm.an, 1S27, Svo. Eulogium on Chief-
Justice Marshall. IS.'ili, Svo. Argument in the Case of
Vidal V. the City of Philadelphia. 1844, Svo. Murphy v.
Hubert, Review of the Opinion of the Supreme Court that
the Pennsylvania Act of Frauds and Perjuries does not
extend to Equitable Estates, 1S4S, Svo. Centennial Ad-
dress before the Philadelphia Contributionship, on the
History and Principles of that Insurance Company, and
of Fire-insurance in the United States, 1852, Svo.
Binney, Thomas, a popular Non-eonformist
preacher, a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, has pub. a
number of theological and other works. Closet and the
Church ; Four Discourses on the Christian Ministry ; Illus-
trations of the Practical Power of Faith ; Sermons preached
at Weigh-House Chapel ; Service of Song in the House of
the Lord; Spirit Admitted to the Heavenly House, Ac.;
Ultimate Design of the Christian Ministry, Ac.
"The Illustrations of the Practical Power of Faith are evidently
the production of a man of no ordinary talents, and display con-
Biderable origin.ality of thought united to clear and simple views
of scriptural truth, a correct taste, and a he.art susceptible of all
the moral inspiration of bis theme and office."— ion. Erkc. Bev.
Binney, William G., son of Amos Binney, M.D.
Papers on American L.and-Shells, Proc. Acad. Nat. ScL,
Phila., 1857-58. Edited complete writings of Thomas Say
on the Conchology of the United States, with a copious
Index to the original work, N. York, 1858, Svo, 75 pi.
Binning, Hugh, 1627-1654, a native of Ayrshire,
Scotland, graduated at Glasgow, where he was appointed
Professor of Moral Philosophy when only 19. The Sin-
ner's Sanctuary, in 40 Sermons upon Romans viii., Edin.,
1670, 4to. Poetical Catechism, 1671, 1 2mo. Common
Principles of the Christian Religion, 1672, 12mo. Heart-
Humiliation. 1676, 12mo. Works collected, Edin., 1735,
4to: again, 1768, 4to, and 1839, 3 vols. 12mo.
"Binninf; is an old Scotch writer well worth reading. A leprint
of his valuable works would be advantageous." — Gickersteth.
It will be seen that a new edit, has been pub. recently.
Binns, Abraham. Remarks on a publication enti-
tled a Serious Admonition to the Disciples of Thomas
Paine and other Infidels, 1796, Svo.
Binns, John. A Digest of the Laws and judici.al de-
cisions of Pennsylvania, touching the authority of the
Justices of the Peace, Phila., 1840, Svo ; 2d ed. pub. in
1845, revised and enlarged, under the title of Binns's Ma-
gistrate's Daily Companion, or Magistrate's Manual ; again,
1850, Svo. Mr. Binns pub. his Autobiography in 1855,
Phila., 12mo.
Binns, Jonathan, M.D. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1795.
Binns, Jonathan. The Miseries and Beauties of
Ireland, 2 vols. Svo.
" His volumes are temperate, sensible, and interesting : he has felt
K8 well as thoxjght, without being carried away by that violent spirit
ofpartisanship which for so long a period seemed to possess itself of
every one who wrote concerning the Emerald Isle." — Lcm. Allien.
"An excellent book both for interest and information." — IRsf-
Viinster Review.
Birbeck, Chris. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1701.
Birch, Rev. Busby. City Latin, 1760, Svo.
Birch, Charles. Exposition of the Collects of the
Church of Engl.and, 2d ed., Lon., 1821. 12mo.
Birch, J. V. National Defence, ISOS, Svo.
Birch, John, Surgeon Extraordinary to the Prince
of Wales. Pn.fessional Treatises. 1779-1810.
Birch, John B. The Cousins of Schiras; trans,
from the French, 1797, 2 vols. 12mo.
Birch, Peter, b. 1652, Prebendary of Westminster.
Sermon before the House of Commons, 16S9, 4to : ditto,
1694, 4to.
"In the 20th page of which, were several matters running thus,
which caused some of the said house, as 'twas then repoited, to
cry out. Ad iguem 1 ' Are not our very blessings .all turned into
a curse? Our boasted freedom is now only a liberty to bite and
devour one another, ic' . . . On the 20th of Feb. following, or
thereabout, came out an answer to the said sermon entit A
Birchen Ix'od .frr I>r.Bircli. . . . This answer, wherein are many
vile things against King Ch. the martyr, was supposed then to be
penn'd by the author of A Letter from Major Cien. Ludlow to Sir
K. S. (Seymour.'') — Allien. Orim.
Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1700, 4to.
Birch, Sampson. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1683.
Birch, Samuel, b. 1757, a public-spirited London
Alderman, a son-in-law of Dr. John Fordyee, pub. a num-
ber of dramatic and other works: Consilia, 1785, 12mo.
The M.ariners, M. E., 1793. The Packet Boat, M., 1794.
The Adopted Child, M. D., 1795. The Smugglers, M. D.,
1796. Fast Asleep, M. E.. 1797, N. P. Albert and Ade-
laide, Rom., 1798, N. P. Speeches, 1805-7, Svo.
"Animated in the cause of litentture, combined with benevo-
lence, the poetical effusinns of Mr, I!ir,h, and his mode of reciting
them, have frequentlycall.il Ibrlh the applause of the members
and visitors at the annual nie.'tiugs of the Literary Fund."— J5iOff.
Drcnnat.
Birch, Thomas. Sermons, 1720-29, Svo.
Birch, Thomas, D.D., 1705-66, a native of Clerken.
well, received his education at Quaker schools, to which
persuasion his parents were attached. He was ordained
deacon in the Church of England, 1730, priest, 1731, by
the Bishop of Salisbury, the celebrated Dr. Uoadly. To
the friendship of this divine, he was no doubt indebted for
several of his preferments. He was Vicar of Ulting, Es-
sex, 1734; Rector of St Margaret Pattens with St. Ga
briel, Fenchurch-street, London, 1746; Secretary to the
Royal Society, 1752 ; Rector of Dcpden, Essex, 1761. Dr.
Birch was an industrious writer, as is evinced by his nu-
merous publications. AVe shall notice some of tlie princi.
pal. His first literary undertaking was The General Dic-
tionary, Historical and Critical, "in which a new and
accurate translation of that of the celebrated Mr. B.ayle,
with the corrections and observations printed in the late
edition at Paris,is included, and interspersed with several
thousand lives never before prablished," Ac, 10 vols, folio,
Lon., 1734 — 41. In this lab.u'Ious enterprise ho was as-
sisted by the Rev. John Peter Bernard, Mr. John Lock-
man, and others. The articles relating to Oriental history
were allotted to Mr. George Sale, who was admirably qua-
lified for the task. This Diction.ary is certainly one of the
most valuable compends of knowledge in the English lan-
gu.age. It can be purchased at the present day (1854) for
about £7 to £8. The editors give
" Reflections upon such passages of Mr. Bayle as seem to favour
skepticism and the Manichee system."
Bayle's faults in these and other respects are well known.
Apart from such objections, he is a delightful companion,
and his merits have been widely acknowledged :
" He is the only man that ever collected with so much judgment,
and wrote with so much spirit at the s.ame time." — Pope ; iSpcnce's
Anecdotes.
" If Bayle wrote his Dictionary to .^rnptv the various collections
he had made without any parti. til;ir (i.'^i'jii, h itl.i not have
chosen abetter plan. By the doubl.. fn.-.t..m of a lii.lli.nary of
Notes, he could pitch on what articles he pleased, and say what he
pleased on these articles." — (iidbon.
" Gibbon's eubligy of B.ayle is at once concise and just, and no
one read him or loved bim more than the eulogist biniself Bayle
was a man of immense but desultory reading, of a subtle under-
standing, and of indomitable pationro and'iudustry. His Dic-
tionary is as a Cornucopia of flowers, bright, blooming, and capti-
vating." DlBDIN.
" Bayle's Diction.ary is a very useful work for those to consult
who love the Biographical part of Literatui-e, which is what I love
most." — Dr. Joonson.
In 1742, 7 vols, folio. Dr. Birch published Thurloe'a
Collection of State Papers, containing Authentic Memo-
rials of English Afi'airs from 1638 to the Restoration of
Charles II.
"These State Papers form an excellent History of Europe during
this period, and are at once a proof of Ih urioe's abilities as a states-
man and excellence as a writer.'' — Granger.
Tburloe was secretary to Oliver Cromwell.
BIB
BIR
The Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, with
their Lives and Characters, 2 vols, fol., 1743-52. The en-
gravings are by Iloubraken, Gravelot, and Vertue, from
original paintings. The 1st vol. contains 80 heads, the
2d vol. 28. Large paper copies have been sold at high
prices ; Roxburghe, £25 is. ; Nassau, £26 15s. 6d. ; Heath,
£34 13s. An edition, with retouched impressions of the
plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large pajjer.
Life of the Hon. Robert Boyle, 1741, and 1744, Svo. Of
the last ed. a copy with MS. notes by the author is in the
British Museum ; and also a copy with his MS. notes of
his Life of Archbishop Tillotson, Lon., 1752. Svo. The
Life of Boyle contains an Appendix of Letters from Mr.
John Eliot of New England to Mr. Boyle, relating to his
services in the propagation of the Gospel in America, with
particulars of the Indian Bible; Letters of Gov. Win-
throp, &c.
Memoirs of the reign of Queen Elizabeth from the year
15S1 till her death, Lon., 1754, 4to, 2 vols.
" Dr. Birch has formed his narrative out of tb<? most striking facts
in the numerous letters of the Bacon Family, though, as mi^ht be
expected, the letters .are much abbreviated."
The character of the Earl of Essex, the Cecils, Bacons,
and other eminent personages of the time, will be found
portrayed in these volumes. Inquiry into the share which
King Charles I. had in the transactions of the Earl of
Glamorgan, Ac, Lon., 1747, 8vo. View of the Negotia-
tion between England, France, and Brussels from 1592 to
1617, Lon., 174'J, Svo. Memoirs of Dr. Ward, 176G. Life
of Henry, son of King James I., 1760, Svo. Letters,
Speeches, Charges, Advices, Ac, of Lord Bacon, 1763, Svo.
Birch's Life of Bacon is prefixed to the edition of Bacon's
Worljs, 1765, 4to, 5 vols.
*' This beautiful and accurjite edition was corrected throughout
by the Rev. John tJambold, and the Latin volumes revised by Mr.
Bowyer." — Lowndes.
History of the Royal Society of London, Lon., 1756, 4to,
i vols. This was reviewed by Dr. Johnson in tlie Literary
Magazine.
Dr. Birch left a large quantity of v.aluable MSS. to the
British Museum, and there has been lately published from
them The Courts and Times of James I. and Charles I.,
4 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S48.
"In it will be found many important particulars of English nis-
tory. which have escaped the researches of every historian, even
the recent ones of Mr. Macaul.ay. ... In its illustrations of the
literary history of the time the work is extremely rich, abounding
in anecdotes of Ben .Jouson, Carew, Wither, Daniel, the Killigrews,
Sir Henry Saville, Sir Itobert Cotton, Camden, the brothers Shir-
ley, the fiimous travellers Bacon, Sir Julius Caesar, Dr. Donne, Sir
Ilenry Wotton. and many scholars of note, both at home and
abroad. Added to these interesting features, the work contains
notices of almost every person of celebrity in the kingdom, so that
there is scarcely a family whose members have figured in the his-
tory of this portion of the seventeenth century, that will not find
in these volumes some reference to their ancestors." See Biog.
Brit. : Cb<almers"s Biog. Diet. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes.
Birch, Walter. Sermons, 1809-16.
Birch, William. Delices de la Grande Bretagne,
Lon., 1791, oblong 4to.
" In little estimation.'' — Lowndes.
Songebetwene the Queue's Majestie and Englande, Lon.,
by William Pickcringe. Reprinted in the 1 0th vol. Har-
leian M.SS. from a copy in the Library of the Society of
Antiquaries.
Birchal, John. Funeral Sermon, York, 1644, fol.
Birchall, Samuel. Provincial Copper Coins, 1797.
Birchediis. See Birkhead, Henry.
Birchensha, John. Divine Verities, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Birchingtou, Brychington, orBryckinton, Ste-
phen, d. about 1407? was a Benedictine monk of the
church of Canterbury. He is the author of a history of
the Archbishops of Canterbury to the year 1308. This
was pub. by Wh.arton, as the first article in his Anglia
Sacra, from a MS. in the Lambeth Library. There are in
the same MS. vol. histories of the Kings of England to
1367, of the Roman Pontiffs to 137S, and of the Roman
emperors to about the same date. Wharton ascribes these
to Birchington. They have never been published.
Birchley, William, i. c Austin, John, which see.
Birckbeck, Simon, 15S4-1656, Fellow of Queen's
College, Oxford, vicar of Gilling in Yorkshire. Esteemed
by the learned i'or his knowledge of patristic theology.
The Protestant's Evidence, taken out of good records,
showing that for 1500 years next after Christ, the weighty
points of Religion have, l)y God's Church, been held and
taught as the Church of England now doth, Lon., 1634,
4to. A much enlarged edition, 1657, fol. A new edit,
appeared in 1849, edited by Dr. Cumming, forming vols.
ii. and iii. of a Supplement to Gibson's Preservative against
Popery.
192
"The book was valued by Selden, and other learned men, .«■
3-aaise therein the author had taken groat and worthy pains in pro-
ducing (lut of every century witnesses to attest the doctrine of the
Church of England in the points by him adduced against the coa-
traiy doctrine of the Trent Council and the Church of Home." —
Wood.
On the Four Last Things, Lon., 1655, Svo.
Bird, Charles Smith. Theological publications^
Lon., 1S41, &a. 12 Lectures on the Church Catechism.
"This little work should be read by .all who regard religion as
the sole means by which we can ultimately arrive at a future happy
state." — Oiurt Gazette.
" These sermons have considerable merit." — London Sptctatffr.
Bird, Edward. Tract against Predestination, Lon.,
1726, Svo.
Bird, G. Musical works, Lon., 1589, 1605, 4to.
Bird, (i. Practising Scrivener, 1728, fol.
Bird, Golding,M.D.,1815-lS54, Professor of Materia
Medica at Guy's Hospital, London. This distinguished
physician has favoured the world with some of the results
of his learned iuvestigations.
Elements of Natural Philosophy ; being an Experimental
Introduction to the Physical Sciences. Hlustrated with
over 300 wood-cuts, Lon"., Svo ; 2d ed., 1S43 ; 3d ed., Lon.,
184S, fp. Svo J 4th ed., in conjunction with C. Brooke, 1854,
p. Svo.
" This work teaches us the elements of the entire circle of Na-
tural Philosophy in the clearest and most perspicuous manner.
Light, Magnetism, Dynamics, Meteorology, Electricity, &c. are set
belbre us in such simple forms, and in so forcible a way, that we
cannot help understanding their laws, their operation, and the
remarkable phenomena by which they are accompanied or signi-
fied. As a volume of useful and beautiful instruction for the
young, we cordially recommend it." — Luml'ii Literary Gazftte.
" By the appearance of Dr. Bird's work, the student has now all
that he can desire in one neat, concise, and well-digest*;d volume.
The elements of natural philosophy are explained in verj' simple
language and illustrated by numerous wood-cuts. . . .We should
like to know that Dr. Bird's book was associated with every boys'
and girls' school throughout the kingdom." — Lon. Medical Gazette.
" We have great pleasure in welcoming a new edition of this ex-
cellent work, which we strongly recommended to our readers on its
first appearance. We do not hesitate to pronounce it the best
Manual of Natxu-.al Philosophy in our Language." — British aiid
Foreign Medical Review.
" This work marks an advance which has long been wanting in
our system of instruction. Dr. Bird has succeeded in producing
an elementary work of great merit." — I^mdem Athenaeuvi.
" The best epitome in the English Language of this wide range
of physical subjects."' — N. American Heview, April, 1851.
Urinary Deposits ; 2d ed., 1846, p. Svo ; 5th ed., by E. L.
Birkett, 1S57, Svo. Lectures on Electricity aud Gal-
vanism in their Physiological and Therapeutical Rela-
tions, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians ; re-
vised and extended, 1849, 12mo.
" Like every thing which proceeds from their able author, these
Lectures are eminently lucid. . . . We strongly recommend the
study of Dr. Golding Bird's valuable little volume."— Z«!. Journal
of MediciTie.
" The volume will be found useful by those practitioners who
desire to acquh-e a practical knowledge of the therapeutical appli-
cations of electricity.'' — London Medical Gazette.
Republished in U.S., where they are very popular. See
J. H. Balfour's Biographical Sketches of Dr. Bird, 1855,
12mo; Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1S55, 102.
Bird, Henry M. National Debt and Taxes, 17S0, Svo.
Bird, J. Superius Cantiones,Ac.,Lon.,1575, 6 vols. 4to.
Bird, J. Verschuir's Oration translated, ISIO.
Bird, James B. Legal treatises, Lon., 1794-1815.
Original Precedents of Settlements, Lon., 1800, Svo.
"These are the best forms of that species of assurance with
which the profession has at any time been presented. They bear
evident marks of technical precision and skill, and the language
in particular of most of them, is peculiarly chaste, expressive, aud
appropriate."
Bird, John. Grounds of Grammar, Oxf., 1639, Svo.
Bird, John. Ostenta Carolina ; or the late Calamities
of England, with the Authors of them, Lon., 1661, 4to.
Bird, John. Divine Ambassador, 1663, 4to.
Bird, John. Astronomical Instruments, Lon., 1767,
4to. Mural Quadrants, Lon., 1768, 4to.
Bird, John. Romances, 1795-1816.
Bird, R. A Communication, Lon., 1595, Svo.
Bird, Robert Montgomery, M.D., 1803-1854, was
a native of Newcastle, Delaware. He gave early indica-
tions of the uncommon powers of miud which distinguish
his literary productions. Selecting the profession of medi-
cine, after a due course of studies, he graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania. He wrote for the stage the
tragedies of The Gladiator, Oraloosa, and The Broker of
Bogotti, wliich were highly successful. In 1S34 he pub.
Calavar, or the Knight of the Conquest, a Romance of
Mexico. This work has been commended by an eminent
authority in matters pertaining to Spanish-American His-
tory :
BIK
" The auihor has studied with great care the costume, manners,
md military usa;;es of the natives, and has done for them what
Mr. Cooper h:is doue for the wild tribes of the north, — touched
their rude features with the bright colouring of a poetic fancy.
He has be«.-n equally fortunate in bis delineations of the pictu-
resi^ue scenery of the laud; and if he has been less so in attempts
ing to revive the antique dialogue of the Spanish cavalier, we must
not be surprised : nothing is more diOicult than the skilful execu-
tion of a modern antique." — W. H. Prescott, in a note to his His-
tory of the Conquest.
'' The scene is laid in Mexico, at the time of the invasion of
Cortez. in 16.10. The romantic incidents of that renowned conquest,
when Spanish rule gained a steadfast footing upon the northern
half of this continent, have furnished the materials of a fiction
bordering closely upon the accuracy of history. With the excep-
tion of Prescott's magnificent annals of this period, we are not
acquainted with any work from which so clear a conception of those
times can be gathered as from Calavar. It is crowded with graphic
descriptions and scenes of the most intense excitement. The au-
thor revels among the variegated vegetation of that sunny clime,
and sings the b«auty of the black-eyed fair ones with a rhapsodist's
enthusiasm "
In 1835 appeared The Infidel, or the Fall of Mexico.
This is a sequel to the preceding work, although each is
complete in itself. The Hawks of Hawk Hollow, a tradi-
tion of Pennsylvania, was pub. in the same year. Shep-
pard Lee appeared (anonymously) in 1836, .and in the next
year the publication of Nick of the Wood.s, or tlie Jibbe-
nainosay, gave fresh evidence of Dr. Bird's rapidity of
composition. A collection of the author's contributions
to periodicals was pub. in 1S3S. under the title of Peter
Pilgrim, or a Rambler's llecollcL-tions. The last of his
novels, The Adventures of Robin Day, was given to the
world in 1S39. After living in retirement for some years
at Newcastle, Delaware, in 1S47 Dr. Bird became associ-
ated with another gifted son of genius, Morton McMichael,
{'/. V.) as joint proprietor and editor of the (Philadelphia)
North American and United States Gazette. In the co-
lumns of this journal, (January 24, 1854.) will be found
an eloquent tribute liy Mr. McM. to the memory of bis
departed friend. Dr. Bird was a man of great versatility
of talent, and was equally familiar with the graver investi-
gations of the exact sciences and the flowery paths of
belles-lettres literature; to which he added nu tlight pro-
ficiency in the ornamental arts.
" He leaves bt-hind him few of more vast and varied erudition,
of a wider range of knowledge, practical as well as scholastic, not
superficial nor doubtful; but profound, positive, and accurate.
Add to these feculties a large comprehension, quickness, and
power;— an imagination active as the principle of light, and a
judgment unerring as mathematical demonsti-ation— and such was
the intellectual condition of Dr. Bird.'' — Morton McMichael.
Bird, Samuel. Theolog. treati.=es, Lon.. 1580-93.
Bird, Thomas. Almanack for ]fil2, Lon., 8vo.
Bird, William. The Magazine of Honour, or a Trea-
tise on the several degrees of the Nobility of this king-
dom, with their rights and privileges, also Knights and
Esquires, &c., enlarged by Sir John Dodridge, Lon., 1642,
]2rao.
-Although this treatise contains little more than the argu-
ment of jMr. 8erg. Dodridge in the disputed question regarding
the Barony of Abergavenny, it is well deserving uf perusal by per'-
sons interested in the history of the peerage. The volume has
had several title-pages," — Lowndes.
Bird, William. Con. to Mem. Med., &c., 1778-95.
Bird, William. See Byrd.
Birkbeck, George, M.D.. 177G-184L A Compre-
hensive and Systematic Display, Theoretical and Practical,
of the Arts and Manufactures of Great Britain and Ire-
land, Lon.. 1826. Ac. Mathematics Practically Applied to
the Useful and Fine Arts. By Buron Dupin ,- adapted to
the State of the Arts in England by G. B.
■■This work bids fair to supply the deficiency in an important
branch of science. For this purpose we most cordially recommend
it." — £f-rt. New Monthli/ Mug.
Birkbeck, Morris. Notes in a Journey through
France, 1815, Svo. Notes on a Journey in America, from
the Coast of Virginia to the Territory of Illinois; 2d edit.,
Lon., 1818, Svo. Letters from Illinois.
•• We have no hesitation in pronouncing this one of the most
interesting: and instructive books that have appeared for many
years." — Edinburgh Jin-iew.
'■Detestintr. as we most cordially do, all the principles avowed
M Mr. Birkbeck. moral and politi.al. (religious, as we have seen,
ht- has none.) we are ready to give him the credit of having written
an entertaining little volume of Xotes. In his letters from Illi-
nois there is nothing that can excite the least degree of interest."
— Lfm. Quartcrh/ Iipvimv.
" He has certainly made an excellent volume on the condition
and prospects of that country. [America.] and one which, in our
opinion, claims the superiority over any other that has been is-
sued. ... A mass of curious and most valuable information, and
conveyed in a very truthful colouring and simpli- manner of writ-
ing. , . . The travels over France are very amusing and instruc-
tive, and are simply expressed."' — Donaldson's AgricuU. Bicg.
13
BIR
I Birkenhead, or Berkenhead, Sir John, 1615 ?-
I 1679, was entered a servitor of Oriel College. Oxford, in
1632. During the Civil War. to Birkenhead was confided
the editorship of Mercuriua Attiicux, or the Court Mercury,
the vehicle of communication between the court at Oxford
j and the rest of the kingdom. It was printed weekly in
I one sheet, and sometimes more. It was pub. from Janu-
j ary 1, 1642, to the end of 1646. and atterwards occasiun-
I aWy. This Court journal wji^ opposed by the Parliament
in the Mercurius Britannicus, written by Marchamont
Neudbam. Sir John excelled in satirical wit, and pub. a
number of works in which this dangerous talent was not
spared. The Assembly Man, written in 1647, printed in
1662-63. This was intended as a representative of the
Westminster divines who favoured the Presbyterian plan.
'• The copy of it was taken from the author by those who said
they could not rub because all was theirs: so exciz'd what they
liked n«it. and so manixled and reformed it that 'twas no character
of an assembler, but of themselves." — Alhen. Oxon.
News from Pembroke and Montgomery, 1648. Two
Centuries of St. Paul's Churchyard, 1649, 4to, pub. in
three separate sheets.
" The spirited humour of this little book is admirable, and wor-
thy the peu of a Butler."— 1'atekso.\ : Bibl. n'estmiia, p. 2(15.
Dr. Grey uses it freely in his notes on Hudibras, See
Censura Literaria, ISlo, vi. 290.
The Four-legged Quaker. A New Ballade of a Famous
German Prince. Besides other pieces of his own, Birken-
head pub. at the desire of Robert Waring, who wished to
be unknown, his Effigies Amoris. Ac, Lon., 1649, 12mo.
Mr. Norris, of Bemerton, trans, this work under the title
of The Picture of Love Unveiled, 1682.
"Satire was Birkenhead's principal excellence, and in genuine
powers of lidicule he had no superior at a time when those powers
were called forth and well rewarded by both parties."
The Assembly Man, Two Centuries of St. Paul's Church-
yard, and News from Pembroke and Montgomery, will be
found reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, vols. v. and ix.
Birkhead, Henry, b. 1617. was educated at Trinity
College. Oxford, joined the Jesuits at St. Omer's, returned
to the Church of England, and was, by the influence of
Archbishop Laud, elected Fellow of All Souls'. In Trapj^'a
Lectures on Poetry he is styled '* Founder of the Poetical
Lectures," 1707. Poemata, &c., Oxon.. 1656, 12mo. Otium
Literarium, Ac, (with H. Stubbe,) 1656, Svo. He pub.
some of the works of Henry Jacob, and wrote some Latin
elegies on the loyalists who suffered for their adherence to
Charles L
*■ He was accounted an excellent Latin poet, a good Grecian,
and Wd-ll versed in all human learning.' — Athen. Oxon.
Birkhead, Henry. See Burkhead.
Birkin, William. A new edit, of Jones's Sheridan'a
Dictionary, completely corrected and enlarged by the ad-
dition of several hundred words.
'■ Immense pains and labour have been bestowed in revising the
present edition of this popular work. The accentuation, pronun-
ciation, and definition of every word have been most carefully ex-
amined ; and the editor trusts he has made it a valuable and use-
ful assistant to the studimt."
Birkitt, Edward, Sermons, 1770-80, 4to.
Birks, A. and J. Arithmet. Collections, 1765.
Birks, T. R., Kector of Kelshall, Herts. Theolog.
Treatises, 1S43, &c. Rev. E. Bickersteth considers this
author's Elements of Prophecy (1843, 12mo)
" A full answt-r to difficulties raised by futurists."
Birnie, William, Minister of Lanark. The Blame
of Kirkliurial, tending to persuade Cemitcrial Civility,
Edin., l()Or,, 4to. Reprinted. Lon., 1833. 4to.
Birrell, Andrew. Henry and Almeira,Trag.,1802,8vo.
The name of this author occurs in Biographia Dramatica,
already noticed by us in our article on David Erskine
Baker, (cnife.)
Birt, Isaiah. Vindication of the Baptists, 1795.
Birt, John, Theolog. Treatises. 18i;:!-I4.
Birt, John. A Summary of the Principles and His-
tory of Popery, Svo.
" We have .seldom, if ever, seen so large a body of facts, exhi-
bited with perfect perspicuity, within so small a compass : the au-
thor's complete mastery of the snbji*ct ajipears from the ease with
which he has condensed an immense mass of historical matter,
without thf least indication of disorder or confusion." — Rev. Robt.
Ham,: Edniic Ifevicw, May. 1S24.
Birt, William R a dcIitTe. The Hurricane Guide, Svo.
" This work is one which demands the attention of all who are
interested in the well-being of that large portion of our fellow-
countrvmen engaged in 'business on the deep waters.' We would
urge all who are in any way connected with those mightv steamers
to procure a copy, study it well, and follow the author's advice,
lie is well known in scientitic circles as having devoted close atten-
tion for many years to the subject of atmospheric waves, and from
his position, his opinions are worthy of the mostatteutive regard.'*
— Hampshire IndQM-ndinL
193
BIS
Bisbie, Nathaniel, D.D., d. 1695, rector of Long
Meliurd, near Sudljuiy, Suflfulk. Sermons^ 1682, '83, '84,
'86.
" Esteemed an excellent preacher, and a zealous person for the
Church of Knj^laud; but, IfiVKi, refusin-; to take the oaths to King
William III. and Queen Mary, was deprived of his rectory.'' —
Athft}. Osnn.
Bischoff, David, The Nomenclator, 1781, 8vo.
Bischort, Fred., Oculist. A Treatise on the Extrac-
tion of the Catiimt't, Lon.. 1793, 8vo.
Bischoff, James* A Comprehensive History of the
Woollen Trade, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
*• Mr. Bischoffs work will be found valuable to all persons inte-
rested in the subject." — Lon. Atheticpuin.
'• A vast mass of curious and valuable information, acceptable
to readers of varied tastes, even though quite unconnected with
manufactures and trade." — Lnn. Tinier,-.
Bisco, John* Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1655-65, 8vo.
Biscoe, C* Stututes and Laws uf the Isle of Man;
from the Ori^nniil Records. Printed at Douglass, 8vo.
Biscoe, Richard, d. 1748, rector of St. Martin Out-
wich, London. The History of the Acts of the Holy
Apostles, confirmed from other authors, and considered as
full evidence of the Truth of Christianity; being the sub-
stance of his sermons at the Bovle Lectures in 1736, '37,
'38, Lou., 1742, 2 vols. 8vo ; Oxford, 1S29, 1 vol. 8vo ;
1840, 1 vol. Svo. Trans, into German, Magdeburg,
1751, 4to.
" An elaborate and valuable work, showinp;, in the most con-
Tiuciug way. how incontestably the Acts of the Apostles demon-
stratt' the truth of Christianity." — Dr. DoDPRinuE.
'■These volumes afford some valuable information on the topics
of which they treat. Dr. Lightfoot had before collected a great
deal on the same subject, but it is better ditcested in the work of
Mr. r>is,coe:^—Orme's B'b. Bihl.
Bishop, Alfred* Christian Memorials of the 19th
Century, or Select Evangelical Biography for the last 25
years.
" In this work will be found the memoirs of above forty eminent
individuals of both sexes; and a work better suited for a pre.sent
to young people, or for a Sunday-school library, cannot well be
found."
Bishop, Charles, Sermons, 1769. 4to.
Bishop, George. New England Judged, 1661.
This is au account of the persecutions endured by the
Quakers in New England ** from the beginning of the 5th
m.. 1656. to the end of the lOth m., 1660."
Bishop, Hawley. Sermon, 1747, Svo.
Bishop, Sir Henry Itowley, 1783-1855, Professor
of Music in the University of Oxturd, is the only musical
professor who has been honoured by the compliment of
knighthood. He is the author of numerous musical com-
positions.
Bishop, Joel P., b. 1814, atVolney. Oswego county,
N. York. Commentaries on the Law of Marriage and Di-
vorce, and Evidence in Matrimonial Suits, Boston, 1853,
Svo: 2d ed., 1S56.
'* Ilis references to cases and to writers are copious: the results
of the decisions, in so far as they have resulted in establishing a
rule, are clearly stated; and his reasoninss on open questions and
conflicting doctrines are forcible, suggestive, and illustrated with
very ample learning." — RuFUS Choate.
" A very valuable addition to our legal literature. Such an Ame-
rican book was mucli wanted, and the autlmr has accomi)Iished his
work in a manner highly creditable tn him." — L<tiv Reporter.
Commentaries on the Criminal Law, Boston, 2 vols. Svo:
vol. i.. 1856; vol. ii.. 1858.
Bishop, John. BeavtifvU Blossomes gathered from
the best Trees of all kyndes, Ac, Lnndnn, for Henrie
Cockyn, 1577, 4to. Reprinted, 1578, 4to, under the title
of A Garden of Recreation.
Bishop, John. The Messiah, and the Creation; for
Voice and Piano, Lon., 2 vols, fol., 1843.
''The great merit of both these works appears to consist in the
different airs being thoroughly incorporated in the instrumental
parts."— i>m. Thms, .Jan. 21. 1S43.
Bishop, Mary* Poetical Tales and Miscellanies,
1812. St. Oswald: and other Poems, 1813.
Bishop, Matthew. His Life and Adventures, Lon.,
1744, Svo.
'* Matthew was a perfect original ; and in his description of his
own exploits has unconsciously given an extremely laughaT>le
sketch of the peculiarities nf a British s:iil<ir." I?ee this Ueview
in Ketrospec. Hev., N. S. ii. 42.
Bishop, R* East India Navigator's Assistant, Lon.,
1773, 4to.
Bishop, Rev, Samuel, 1731-1795, Master of Mer-
chant Tailor Scliool, London; and a poet. Essays and
Poems, 1763. Feriie PoeticEe, 1764, 4to. Poetical Works,
with Mem. of his Life by Rev. T. Clare, Lon., 1796. 2 vols.
4to. Sermons, Lon., 1798. Svo. Tbe Faroe of High Life
Below Stairs, ascribed to Garrick, is said to have been the
production of Mr. Bishop.
BIS
■ -Bishop, Thomas. Eight Sermons at Lady Meyer's
Lecture, Lon., 1726, Svo. Abridgt. of Pearson's Exposi-
tion of the Creed. Lon., 1729, Svo.
Bishop, William. Sermons, Oxf., 1823, '25, '28.
Bishop, William, 15oo-1624, Vicar Apostolical in
England, and the first Popish Bishop sent thither after the
Reformation, was a native of Brayles in Warwickshire.
A Reproof of Dr. Abbott's Defence of the Catholic Re-
formed, by W. Perkins, Lon., 1608, 4to. Disproof of Dr.
Abbott's Counter-Proof against Dr. Bishop's Reproof of
Mr. Perkin's Reformed Catholic. Part 1, Paris, 1614, Svo.
For a list of his works see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.. ii.
356. He pub. an edit, of Pits's De lUustrihus Anglicae
Scriptoribus, 1623, to which he wrote a very learned
preface.
" lie was sent into England by the holy see for the comfort of
Catholics, where he so modestly behaved himself, that he was by
all, both clergy and seculars, dearly beloved and honoured." —
Thomas White, a Benedictine monk of Douay.
Bishop, Sir William. Con. to Med. Facts, ISOO.
Bishopric, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, '94, '95.
Bishton, 1. General View of the Agricult. of the
County of Salop, with Observations on the Means of its
Improvement, Lon., 1794, 4to.
■■ It set-ms to be one of the meanest county reports. " — Donald-
son'n Agricult. Biog.
Bispham, Thomas. Iter Australc, &q., 1548, 4to.
" An ingenious Latin pneni." — Wonn.
Bissat, Bissct, or Bissart, Patrick, 1500-1568,
Professor of Canon Law in the University of Bonomia, in
Italy, was descended from the Earls of Fife in Scotland,
and born in that country. P. Bissarti Opera Omnia: viz.,
Poemata, Orationes, Lectiones B'eriales, Venice, 1565, 4to.
'■ He was not only a learned civilian, but an excellent poet, ora-
tor, and philnsripher."
Bisse, James. Sermons at Paules Crosse, 1580, '84.
Bisse, Philip, Bishop of St. David's, 1710; Here-
ford, 1712. Sermons, 1710, '11, '17. 4to.
Bisse, Thomas, d. 1731, brother of the above, was
educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxf. He pub. a num-
ber of Sermons. Ac, 170S-29, .and a vol. of Discourses on
the Lord's Prayer was pub. 1740, Svo. His Beauty of
Holiness, in the Common Prayer, has been highly com-
mended :
•'Interesting and attractive, it treats upon matters entirely
overlooked by previous and subsenuent commentators."
Bisset, Andrew, A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Estates for Life, Lon., 1S42, Svo.
" Mr. liisset's book contains all that is essential within its pro-
fnund range, and displays equal learning and judgment." — Mar-
vin^K Lrgal BibL
Bisset, Charles, M.D.. 1717-1791, for some time a
lieutenant in the royal army, pub. a number of medical and
other works. Treatise on Fortifications, Lon., 1751. 4to.
The Medical Constitution of Great Britain, 1700. Medi-
cal Essays and Observations. These works were trans,
into German by Moeller, Breslau, 1779-81. In Pcttigrew's
Memoirs and "Corresp. of Lcttsom, will be found an intc-
testing medical corresp. between Drs. Bisset and Lettsom.
Bisset, J. Poetical works, Essays on the Drama, &c.,
1800, '02. '04.
Bissct, Robert, a Scotchman, d. 1805, aged 46. a
schoolmaster and an author. Life of E'lmund Burke,
Lon., 1798, Svo. Douglass, a Novel, 1800. History of
the Reign of George III., 6 vols. Svo, Lon., 1804.
" The author's chief aim has been to discover all that was favour-
able in the public I'b.irncti'rs of the day; a dispo.sition which, how-
ever amiable, depii^ rs bi^t^rv of one of her most august func-
tions."—i-m. MoHihia ;.'.'('"•.■ 1804.
"Dr. liissefs Ilist'iiy is lii-hly praiseworthy — it narrates with
greater detail and coniiili'liinss than M.iefarlane, Belsham, or
Adolphus, the transactions nf ibr present reign. The style is na-
tural, yet elegant; the intornKitinn abundant, yet select; the cri-
ticism loyal, yet liberal. In short, it .appears to us more likely than
any of the rival histories to annex itself to Hume and ^ni'Mlitt,
as the regular and generally-received continuation of the History
of Knglaud." — An. Hfv. vol. iii.
"We must recommend this as a work replete with both infor-
mation and amusement — and while it is free from any spirit of
party, it breathes thi-oughout a firm attachment to temporal free-
dom and the spirit of the British Constitution, a sincere regard
for the British character, and a Just veneration for the rights of
reason, of religion, and morality.*' — Lit. Journ., vol. iii.
Modern Literature, a Novel, 1804, 12mo. Dr. B. edit, the
'' Spectator with illustrative notes, and very ingenious lives of
the authors." 8 vols. Svo, 1790.
Bisset, Thomas. Sermons. Edin., 1788, Svo.
Bisset, William, Rector of Whiston, Northampton-
shire. Sermons on the Reformation of Manners, 1704, 8vo.
The Modern Fanatick, being an Account of Dr. Saeheverell,
1710-11, Svo. This coarse iittack was answered by Dr. S.'s
friends, which response elicited another pamphlet from
Bisset. Puueral Sermon, 1727, Svo. Bisset and his oppo-
BIT
BLA
nents seem neither to hare given quarter nor have asked
fur any.
Biterswij;£r, Pendavid. Three Original Poems;
wilh his Will and Teslament, (posth.)
Blaauw, Wm. Henry. Tiie Barons' War, in-
cludiut; the Battles of Lewes and Evesham.
'■ In thelouj,' I'eign of Henry III., the mnst interesting occurrence
is the Barons' War, in the midst of which Parliament first acquired
its representative character under the intiuence of Simon de
Montfort. The circumstances of this detached period of British
history have been combined with such detailed particulars of the
persons who took part in them as an examination of the docu-
ments, chronicles, and poems of that ay;e seems to warrant."
Black. Speeches at Synod of Ulster in 1S12.
Black, David, 1762-1806, Minister of Lady Tester's
Chureh, Edinburgh. Sermons on Important Subjects,
Edin., 1808, Svo.
" These sermons are models for pulpit composition : they discover
an intimate acquaintance with the doctrines, and enforce the pre-
cepts of Christianity upon principles arisin-,' tlirrt-frnm."
" Black's sermons abnund in good sense and useful observations,
and just seutimeuts of religion conveyed in lively and elegant
Lintruaije.'' — Blshop Porteu«.
Black, James. Tillage of the Earth, and Theory of
Instruments adapted to this End, Lon.. 1778, 4to.
"Along dissertation on the relative advanta^res of horses and
oxen as beasts of diau'^ht. the prime cost and maintenance of each
animal, is hardly able to establish the ox as superior to the horse,
which seems to he the object of the calculation. The sketches of
implements are little worth." — Donaldson's AqHruU. Binfj,
Black, John. Palfeoromaiea, or Historical and Phi-
lolon;ical Disquisitions. &q.., Lon., 1823, Svo. The hypo-
thesis maintained in this work is that the received text of
the Greek Testament is a servile trans, from a Latin ori-
ginal long since lost, and that this trans, was made by a
writer imperfectly acquainted with both of the languages in
question. See criticisms upon i\\\? production in reviews
of it by Rt. Rev. Dr. Blorafield, Bishop of London; Brit.
Critic, 1823; Rev. J. J. Conybeare's Examination, Oxf..
1823; Rev. W. C. Broughton's Examination. Lon., 1S23,
8voj Bishop Burgess's P.S. to 2d ed. Vindie. of 1 John
V. 7, (Lon., 1823) and in Home's Introduction.
" Absurd reasoninus and mischievous tendency of this paradoxi-
cal publication." — T. II. Horne.
'■ It is a work of very extensive readin;; and research, and
abounds with valuable quotations. But the materials are as des-
titute of selection as the author's strictures are of simplicity and
candnur." — Posfscnpt, p. 19ti.
Black, John. Theolog. and poetical works. 1785-lSOl.
Black, Johu, Mutiny on the Lady Shore, Lon.,
171)S. Svo.
Black, John, 178.3-1855. Editor Lon. Morning Chron.
1823-44. The Life of Torquato Tasso; with an Historical
aud Critical Account of his Writings, Edin., 1810. 2 vols.
4to. This work has been highly cnnimendcd. See J. H.
Wiflfen's Jerusalem Delivered. Pulit. Essay on the King-
dom of New Spain ; from the French of A. de Humboldt,
Lon.. 1811. 2 vols. Svo.
"To write a hook on Mexico without referring to Bamn Hum-
boldt at almost every page is nearly impossible: he was the first
who applied the lights of science to the New World." — H. 6". Wui-d's
Jilrj-jco, which see.
Memoirs of Goldoni. written by himself, trans, from the
Italian, Lou., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo.
'• (Jibbon, the historian, has pronounced the 5Iemoirs of Goldoni
to be more truly dramatic than his Comedies. Lord Byron has
also pronounced the Life of Goldoni to be oneof the best specimens
of autobiography. It is replete with anecdote."
A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature
from the German of Wm. Augustus Sehlegel, 1815, 2 vols.
Svo. Pub. in H. G. Bohn's Standard Library. Lon..
1S46. Svo. '
" The present work contains a critical and historical account of
the ancient and modern drama— the Greek, the Latin, the Italian,
the French, the Spanish, and the German. The view which the
author has taken of the standard productions, whether tragic or
comic, in these different languages, is, in general, ingenious and
just, and his speculative Reasonings on the Principles of Taste are
often as satisfactory as they are profound. . . . We have, we trust,
said enough of this work to recommend it to the reader. We oui;ht
to add, that the translation appears to be very respectable." —
Edinlmrgh Review, Feb. ISlfi.
" This is a work of extraordinarv merit."— ioji. Quart. J?fv.
'■ In a few p.iges we reap the fruit of the labour of a whole life-
every opinion formed by the author, everv epithet given to the
writers of whom he speaks, is beautiful and just, concise and ani-
mated."— Mat).\me db Stael.
The reader should procure the following work, also :
Lectures on the History of Literature, Ancient and Modern,
from the German of Frederick Sehlegel, Lon., 1818,
2 vols. Svo.
" Form the most luminous, comprehensive, and philosophical
survey of the history of literature which our own age has pro-
duced."— Brititnfiia.
•• A wonderful performance, — better than any thing we as yet
h;i.ve on thesubjectinourown language."- Zon'. Quarterly Review.
'* Though concise, Schlegel's work is so comprehensive in ita
range, that it is alone almost sufficient to make the reader a literary
person " — Lon. Lifrrarij Gaz^-tfe.
" By far the most rational and profound view of the history ot
literature which has yet been presented to Europtj.'— £/<ic'/.woo(fs
JHugazi'ne.
'■ Frederick Sehlegel has more originality of genius than almost
any other celebrated man in Germany: but. fer from de]X'nding
on that originality, though it promised him much suooess. he en-
deavours to assist it by extensive study. It is a great pioof of our
respect for the human species, when we dare not addn-ss it fidm
the suggestions of our own minds, without having first conscien-
tiously e.samined into all that has been left to us by our predeces-
sors as an inheritance." — M.^pamk dk Staei,.
Black, John. Key to Mair's Introduction, 1818.
Black, Joseph, M.D., 1728-1799. an eminent chemist
and physician, was the son of an Irish merchant who re-
sided at Bordeaux when the subject of this notice was
born. He entered the University of Glasgow in 1746, and
became a favourite pupil of the celebrated Cullen, who
instilled into his youthful mind that love of chemical in-
vestigations by which he afterwards became so highly dis-
tinguished. He took the degree of M.D. at Edinburgh in
1754, and won great credit for the nbility displayed in his
thesis — Dissertatio Medica de Humore Acido a Cibis orto,
et Magnesia Alba. This paper, with a continuation writ-
ten the next year, will be found in the Essays Phy.«ical
and Literary. Edin., 1756. In this dissertation he "gave
an account of one of the most important discoveries in
chemistry, which is generally considered as the source of
much that has immortalized the names of Cavendish. Priest-
ley, and others, memorable for their acquisitions in the
knowledge of aerial bodies. Tliis was no other than the
existence of an aerial fluid, which he denominated fixed
air, the presence of which gave mildness, and its absence
causticity, to alkalies and calcareous earths." His discove-
ries at a su'nscqucnt period with respect to water in various
conditions, latent heat, cold, Ac, (1762-91.) are well known
to the profession. The theory of latent heat was undoubt-
edly a principal leading step to some of the grand discove-
ries made by Lavoisier, Laplace, and others; yet these
chemists scarcely ever named Dr. Black in their disserta-
tions; and Mr. Deluc had the impudence to claim the
theory of latent heat as his own. In 1756 he was ap.
pointed to the chair of Chemistry and Anatomy at Glas-
gow, but the latter being distasteful to him, he exchanged
it for that of Medicine. In 1766 he succeeded his old pre-
ceptor. Dr. Culien, as Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh.
His lectures were so celebrated that few gentlemen left
Eiiinburgh without having attended one course or more.
At the time of his death, in 1799. he enjoyed the distin-
guished honour of being one of the eight foreign membera
of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. His Lectures on
Chemistry were pub. from his M8S. by Dr. Robison, Edin,,
1803, 2 vols. 4to. The Papers referred to above as pub. in
the Essays Phys. and Lit., vol. ii. 157, were subsequently
pub. in a 12mo voL in Edin. The celebrated paper. The
supposed eflect of Boiling on Water in disposing it to freeze
more readily, ascertained by experiment, will be fnund in
Phil. Trans. A)<r. xiii. 610. 1775, and the Analysis of the
Waters of some Hot Springs in Iceland was pub. in Ed.
Phil. Trans, iii. part 2, 95, 1794.
"Considered as a philosopher, Ulark ranks amongst the highest
nf those who have wnnight out gn^at theojii-s. Induction was the
only method by which lie sought todisrov.r truth. His character
in this i-i'spect contrasts strongly with that of some other of our
distinguished chemists." — British Qiuirterh/ Review, vol. ii.
'The discovery which he first made was the last of being com-
pleted. He never could be induced to publish any account of it
to the world, notwithstanding the constant attempts of his rivals
to deprive him of the claim. lie was at all times averse to publi-
cation, and fastidious to an uncommon degree in his judgment of
his own compositions."'
See Lord Brougham's article in Ed. Review, vol. iii. j
also his Lives of Men of Letters and Science teyvp. Geo.
Ill ; Robison's Life of Black in the Literary Journal, &c. ;
Chalmers's Biog. Die. ; Bibliothcque Britannique, vol.
xxviii. : Georgian Era.
Black, Samuel, M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1795,
1805-07.
Black, Wm. Privilege of Royal Burrows, Edin.,
1707, 12mo.
Black, Wm., M.D. Profess, works, 1771-1811. He
pub. in 1782. Svo, An Historical Sketch of Medicine and
Surgery ; from their origin to the present time, &c.
"SVe pay the author no great compliment when we observe,
that the execution of it is more to be commended than the plan."
— Li^n. Monthlu Rex'ifiir. 1783.
Blackailclor, H. H,, Surgeon. Observations on
Phagedania Gaiigra-uosa. in 2 parts. 1818, 8vo.
Blackadder, Lt. Col. J, Life and Diary of. Edin.,
1824, 12mo.
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Blackall, Anthony. Scimnn, 1704, 4to.
Blackall, John, M.D. Oh.serviitiuns on the Nature
and Cure of Dropsies, Lon.. ISKi. Svo; 1814. 1S18.
Blackall, orBIackhall, Offspring:, 1654-1716, was
a native of London, and educatL'd at Catburino Hall, Cam-
Ijiid^e. He was made Bishop of Exeter in 1707. He en-
gai,^ed in several warm controversies with Tnland and
Bit-hop Hoadly; Bishop Offspring favouring the cause of
Charles I. and high-church principles. Besides these
pamphlets, he pub. 8 Sermons, 1700, Svo; lode, 1706, Svo;
14 do., 1706; some single discourses, and in 1717 his prac-
tical Discourses on the Sermon on the Mount were pub. iu
8 vols. Svo. His works were pub. in 1723, 2 vols, fol.,
with life by Archbishop Dawes.
_ " His maimer of preaching was so excellently easy, clear, judi-
cious, substinti.ll, pious, affectinj^. and upon all accounts truly
useful and edifying, that he universally ^ciuired the reputation
of being one of the best preachers of his tmie." — Abp, Dawes.
'■The sermons of this worthy divine are models for an easy,
natural, and familiar way of writing." — Dr. Watebland,
JSlackall, Theophilus. Sermons. 1730, 4to.
Blackall, Thos. Poll of Oxfordshire, Oxf., 1754, Svo.
Blackamore, A. A Summary of Christian Antiqui-
ties, Lon., 1722, 2 vols. Svo. See Bingham. Joseph,
Blackborrow, Peter. The Longitude not Found,
an answer to H. Bird, Lon., 167S, 4to. Navigation Becti-
Bed, 16S4, Svo.
^ Blackbourne, John, 168.3-1741, educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge, a Nonjuring Bishop, corrected the
press for Bowyer, and edited the castrations of Holinshed's
Chronicle, and of Bayle's Chronycle concernynge syr Johan
Oldecastell. Mattaire praises him in his Lives of the Paris
Printers, 1717, and in his Miscellanea aliquot Seriptorum
carmina, 1722. See Nichols's account of him in the
Literary Anecdotes.
Blackhuni, J. Serm., 1749, Svo.
Blackburn, John. Hand-Book ronnd Jerusalem,
L"n.. 1S4'J, 12ino. Prize Essay on the Beligious Book So-
ciely, 12mo. Rise and Ruin of Nineveh, 12mo, illustrated.
Blackbunie, E, I,. Architectural Account of Crosby
Place, Lon., Svo. Decorative Painting of the Middle Ages,
1S4S. 4t.o.
Blackburne, Francis, 1705-17S7, a native of Rich-
mond in Yorkshire, was educated at Catherine Hall, Ciini-
bridge, collated to the Archdeactpnry of Cleveland in 1750.
He pub. some sermons, Ac, 1742-63, but is best known by
The Confessional, or an Inquiry into the Right and Utility
of Establishing Systematical Confessions of Faith, Lon.,
1766, Svo, (anony.) This work elicited a warm controversy,
which lasted for more than six years, and produced 70 to
80 pamphlets. Archbishop Seeker was very anxious to see
Blackburne confuted.
'■ The author of this work, who is well known to be a very learned
clergyman of the Church of England, takes so much notice of all
the writers who opposed his sentiments, that there is no need to
gi 76 a particular enumeration of the several pamphlets which were
written against it." — Rishop Watsox.
See a review of the controversy in the Gentleman's
Magazine, vols. xli. and xlii.
Historical View of the Controversy concerning an In-
termediate State, Lon., 1772? Svo.
" Written to establish the sleep of the soul. Bishop Law. in an
Appendix to the Theory of Jteliginu, seeks also to establish it He
was well answered by Prof. Campbell iu his sixth dissertation."—
BlCKERSTETH.
Works with Life, by his son, Francis Blackburae, Lon.,
1804, 7 vols. Svo.
"A keen and enerjretic writer; au eleffant and persuasive
preacher; a faithful pastor and exemplary iruide; a just, humane,
pious, template, and independent mnn." — Lifi\ hy his sntj.
Blackburne, Lancelot, d. 174,3, Bishop of Exeter,
1716, Archp. of York. 1724, pub. sermons, &c., 1694-1716.
Blackburne, Thomas, M.D., d. 1782, aged 33, son
of Francis, (see <nKp.) was educated at Cambridge. He
pub. De Medici Institutis, Edin., 1775; contributions to a j
medical periodical ; and a pnper which will be fouml in Dr. I
F. S. Simmons's work on the Ttenia, Lou., 177S, Svo. — Lon. '
Med. JuiirnnJ. i
Blackburne, Wm., M.D. Cure of Scarlet Fever, I
Lon., 1803. Svo. |
Blackenbury, E. 53 Discourses, 1806, 2 vols. Svo.
Blacker, JLt. Col. Valentine. Operations of the I
British Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1S17,
'IS, '19; 2 vols. 4to, 1821. Pub. at £4 14*. 6^^. Commended
as a very comprehensive and accurate work. i
Blacker, SirWm. 1. Claims of the Landed Interest, !
Svn. 2. Improvements to be made on small farms in Ireland j
by means of green crops and feeding animals in the stalls. '
Some pamphlets on the currency, proposing the use of an \
inconvertible paper-money, 1S34, Svo, |
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. "In our opinion, no writer on Ireland ever looked at Ibe coun-
try iu the true li;iht, except Mr. Itlac-ker; the means that are
wauted must be atfurded, and the demands of rent must be mode-
rate, in order to allow the giadual possessionof capital in the hands
of tenantry. . . . Mr. Blacker has left a name of very enviable repu-
tation."— Donaldson's AgriculL Biog.
Blackerby, Rev. Samuel. An Historical account of
Penal Laws made by Papists against Protestants, and by
Protestants against Papists, Lon., 1689, fob Justice of the
Peace, his Companion, Lon., 1734, 7 vols. 12mo.
" Knr his way of preaching:, I am well ac(]uainted with it: he
is not ambitious of that whiuh some call the knack of pre.aL-hiii^';
tn start some spruce notion, or crop the flowers of elejiancv. But
his dexterity lies in that whii-h Luther terms the riji;ht'Art of
I'reiu-liinj; — to hnld forth Jesus Christ, and true grace, in a search-
ing way. — that his people may learn to swim to Heaven In a Gospel
channel." — Thomas IIolborough.
Blacket, Joseph, 17S6-1S10, the son of a labourer
of Yorkshire, printed in 1809, for private circulation, spe-
cimens of the Poetry of Joseph Blacket. His Bemaius,
with Life by Pratt, appeared in 1811, 2 vols. Svo.
'•Takint; ^\t. BlacUet's humble connections and narrow educa-
tion into the acrount. we must confess that he was an extmordi-
narv vouth." — Lmi. Mmithlij Kevinv, ISll .
Blackett, B. E. Sermons, 1753, '60, 71, 4to.
Blackett, Mary D. Suicide, a Poem, 1789, 4to.
Blackford, C. Hints to Cultivators of the Sugar
Cane, Phil. Mag. xiii. 289, 1814.
Blackford, Isaac. Cases in Superior Court of In-
diana, 1817-44, 5 vols. Svo. Indianapolis, 1830-44.
'• These volumes have the reputatinn of beinjj; among the best
American reports. Most of the dis.sentient opinions are omitted,
as well as the arsuments of counsel, whifh is a very commendable
example tn all other reporters." — MuTvin's Lfgal Bihl.
Blackball, Olfspring. Pee Blackall.
Blackleack, John. Endeavours aimingat the glory
of (inil. that IVace and Truth may meet together; with an
Ac<M.unt of the best Forms of Government, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Blacliley, Thomas. Practical Sermons, 3 vols.
1826, 12mo.
'* The subjects of (he discourses are almost all interesting, and
I the leadioK doctrines of Christianity are brought forward to notice
1 in a very prominent manner," — Edinburgh Tfieot^igiail Magazine.
I Blackley, William, domestic chaplain to the Rt.
, Hon. Viscount Hill. Correspondence of the Rt. Hon.
; Richard Hill.
'■ Mr. Hill's Correspondence, though not set forthwith any such
j view, is a supplement to the M,irlbnroui;h Despatches, and a need-
j ful explanation of them on some materLil points." — Lon. Examiner.
I Blacklock, Ambrose, Surgeon, of Dumfries. Trea-
' tise on Sheep and the Wool Trade, Lon., 1S3S, ISmo.
'The contents treat only the black-faced breed of Scotland,
which are a small portion of the family of sheep. The anatomy
of the animal and diseases are well delineated." — DonalUson^s
Agricidt. Bing,
The 70 Weeks of Daniel, Lon.. 1850, Svo.
Blacklock, Thomas, 1721-1791, was a native of
Annan in Scotland; his parents were English. When
only six mouths old, ho lost his sight by small-pox, and
suffered under total blindness all his life. Notwithstand-
ing this deprivation, he acquired a very respectable know-
ledge of Greek, Latin, French, Italian, Theology, and
gained considerable distinction as an author. After a
course of study at the University in Edinburgh, he was
licensed as a preacher in the Church of Scotland in 1759,
and in 1767 received the diploma of D.D. from Aberdeen.
His first publication was a volume of Poems in 1754. Edin.,
Svo, to which was prefixed an Account of his life, cha-
racter, and writings, by his friend, the Rev. Joseph Spence,
Professor of Poetry at Oxford. Mr. B. contributed to a
Collection of Poems, pub. Edin., 1760, 12mo. Paraclesis,
partly trans, from Cicero, appeared iu 1767, Edin., Svo.
Two Discourses on the Spirit anrt Evidences of Cliris-
tianity, from the French of Armand. 1 76s. He also pub. A
Satirical Panegyric on (ireat Brit:iin ; The Graham, an
Heroic Ballad; Remarks on the Nature and Extent of
Liberty. In 1793 appeared Poems, together with an
article on the Education of the Blind, [pub. in Encyc.
Brit.] to which is prefixed A New Account of the Life and
Writings of the Author, by Henry Mackenzie, Esq., 4to.
In 1762 he married a lady who proved admirably calcu-
lated to pi-omote his happiness.
" I have known him dictate from thirty to forty verses — and by
no means bad ones — as fast as I could write them; but the mo-
ment he was at a loss for verse, or a rhyme, to his likin;:. he stnpt
altoi^ether, and could very seldom be induced to finish what he
had begun with sn mnch ardour." — fitnlnnrul. nf n fj-ifnii.
"He never cduM dirlate till lir st \ ii|i: ;in(l ,-is liis Mimlness
made walkinj; abiiit wilbnut ;issisl:uiri' imonveni-'iit <'v duii;:erous
to him, he fell iustiisiltly into a vibratuiy soit of UMtimi witli his
body, whifh increased as he warmed with his subject and was
pleased with the conceptions of his mind." — Kl:v. Joseph Spence.
The attainments of Mr. Blacklock under so great a dis-
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advantap;e as blindness are a standing rebuke to those
" who having eyes see not," and pass through life with
minds almost as much unfurnished as when they com-
menced their probation.
"Few men blesst'd with the most perft^t si;rht can describe
Tisual objects wilh more s|iiiit ;iud justness Ib.ui tliis blind man."
^IJURKE ; Essat/ on the Suhlimc. and B-i)ilf«l, which see.
" Dr. Johnson talked of Mr. Blacklofk's poetry, so far as it was
descriptive of visible tibjects; and observed, that, as its author had
the misfortune to be blind, we may be absolutely sure that such
passages are combinat ions of what be has remembered of the works
of others who could see. That fiolish lellow, l^ponce, has laboured
to explaiu philosophically how Blacklock may have done, by means
of his own faculties, what it is impossible he should do. The solu-
tion, as I have tjiven it, is plain. Suppose. I know a man to be so
lame he is absolutely incajxible to move himself, and I find him
in a ditTerent room from that in which I left him; shall I puzzle
myself with idle conjectvires, that perhaps his nerves have by
some unknown chanu'e all at once become etfective? No, sir. it is
clear how he got into a different room ; he was carried.''' — BosivcWs
JoJinfrm.
Blackloe, Thomas. See White, Thomas.
Blackmail, John. CciUeotarium jMansuetudinum et
bonorum Moiuin Regis Ilunrici VI., etc. Reprinted by
Hcariie in his edition uf Otierbourne.
Blackmore, John. Addresses to the Sick, 2d ed.,
Lon.. 1S28. 24ino.
Blackmore, Sir Richard, M.D., d. 172i). the son
of an .attorney in Wilts, matriculated at St. Edmund's Hall,
Oxford, in lOflS. He was linightcd by William III., to
whom he was appointed in 1697 physician in ordinary.
His publications were numerous: we notice some of the
principal. His first wurk. Prince Arthur, an Heroic Poem,
appeared in 1695, and three editions were called for in less
than two years.
*' Tis stranf^e that an author should have a traniester's fiit^. and
not know when to give over. Had the city-bard stojipi.d his hand
at Prime Arthur, he h:id missed Uni^rhlhood, tis true, liut he had
gone off with some ajiplause." — T. Bioioii's Wurks, vol. iv. US.
In 1700 he pul). Paraphrases on Job, tlie Songs of Muses,
Deborah, and Daviil, and on 4 Select Psalms, chapters of
Isaiah, and 3d chap, of Ilabakknk. The e.xcellcnt Mat-
thew Henry quotes more fre«iuently from Blackmore in his
commentaries than from any other poet. In the same year
he pub. a Satyr against Wit, which so offended the poets of
the day, that in T. Brown's Works there are more than 20
satirical pieces against Blackmore. One of his assailants
joins him to Bentley, thus:
" A monument uf dullness to erect,
]l''iitli'y should write and Blackmore should correct.
Lilve wliich no other piece can e'er be wrought,
For d>.-eency of style aud life of thou^iht,
But that where Bentley shall in judjjment sit,
To pare excrescences from Blackmores wit."
Sir Richard might sit very easily under a lash which
was aimed also at the groat master of classical learning.
Dryden declared that Sir Richard wrote his poeti\v to the
"rumbling of his chariot wheels," and waspish little Pope
gave him a place in that convenient pillory — tlie Dnnciad.
In 1713 he commenced a periodical called The Lay Monk;
only 40 numbers appeared. Not forgetting his profession,
he gave to the world a number of medical works, viz. : On
the Plague and Malignant Fevers, 1720; The Small Pox,
1722; Consumption, i'C, 1724; Spleen and Vapours, 1725;
Gout. Rheumatism, and King's Evil, 1726 ; Dropsy, Stone,
<tc., 1727. His principal work. Creation, a Philosophical
Poem, appeared in 1712, and reached its 4th edit* in 1718.
This poem has b«'en much admired. Ambrose Philips
told Mr. Draper, who told Dr. Johnson, (see Lives of the
Poets.) that
'■ Blai'kmore. as he proceeded in this poem, laid his MS. from
time to time before a clulj of wits, with whom he associated; and
that every man contributed, as he could, either improvement or
correction; so that there are perhaps nowhere in the book thirty
lines toj^ether that now stand as they were originally written."
This relation may be received with great doubt. Den-
nis speaks of The Creation in glowing terms :
" A philosophical poem which has equalled that of Lucretius in
the beauty of its versification, and iulinitely surpassed it in the
solidity and strength of its reasoning."
Addison's praise might well be coveted by any poet:
" It deserves to be looked upr.n as one of the most useful and
noble productions in our Eni:Iish verse. The reader cannot but
be ple^ised to tind the depths of philosophy enlivened with all the
charms of poetry, and to see so ^reat a streuf^th of reason, amidst
so beautiful a redundancy of the imagination." — Spectator., No. 339.
*'lt wants neither harmony of numbers, .accin-acy of thought,
nor elegance of diction ; it has either been written with great care,
or, what cannot be imagined of so long a work, with such felicity
as made care less necessary." — Dr. Johnson.
In addition to his other titles to respect, Sir Richard had
that ornament without which all other advantages are of
little account — he was a man of humble and devoted piety.
Blackmore, R. W., Cliaplain of the Russian Com-
pany in Crou^tadt. The Doctrine of the Russian Church,
trans, from the Slavono-Russian, Lon., 1845, 8vo, A Har-
mony of Anglican Doctrine, with the doctrine of the Apos-
tolic and Catholic Church of tlie East, which may serve as
an appen<li.v to the vol. entit. The Doctrine of the Russian
Church, Abcrd.. 1SI6, Svo. A trans, of Mouravieff 's His-
tory of the Church uf Russia, 0.\f., 1842, Svo.
Blackrie, Alexander. A Disquisition on Medi-
cines which dissolve the Stone, Lon., 1766, 12mo; 2d ed.
enlarged and improved, 1771, Svo.
Blackstone, Henry, Reports in Common Pleas
and E.\chei|uer. 17SS-<I6, Lon., 2 vols. fol. UiCW.Hi; ;id
edition with additions, 2 vols. 8vo, 1801; (Phil. 2 vols.
Svo, 1808-09;) 4th ed., 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1827.
"The reporter has uniformly confined his attention to points of
real importance, and throughout his work evinces much accui-acy
and fidelity, with as great a degree of conciseness as is consistent
with perspicuity."
Blackstonc, Jo., an npotliecary. Fasciculus Plan-
tarum circa Harefield, etc., Lon., 1737, Svo. Specimen
Botanicuiu, etc., Lou., 1740. Svo.
*' Tuterrstinp and useful wni-lis on botanv."
Blackstone, Sir William, 1723-1780, was the
fourth son of Charles Blackstonc, a silkman in London.
He was placed in the Charter-house School in 1730, and
at the age of fifteen was admitted a Commoner of Pem-
broke College, Oxford. November 20th. 1741. he entered
the Middle Temple. Determined to dcvute himself to the
duties of his profession, he bjide adieu to the more flowery
paths of literature in those well-known verses. The Law-
yer's Farewell to his Muse, sul)seqnently pub. in vol. 4th of
Dodsley's Collection. In Nov., 1743, he was elected into
the society of All Souls' College ; June 12th. 1745, he com-
menced B.achelor of Civil Law; on the 2Sth Nov., 1746,
he was called to the bar, and April 26th. 1750, he com-
menced Doctor of Civil Law. It may be some encourage-
ment to young lawyers to remember that the talents even
of Blackstone were at first so much overlooked, that his
limited ])usiness failed to cover his very moderate ex-
penses ; he therefore resolved to retire from the apology
for a practice which he possessed, and support himself by
his Fellowship and private lecturing. Accordingly, in Mi-
chaelmas Term, 17.03, he commenced reading two Lectures
on the Laws of England to a large and interested auditory.
In order to render the duties of his class less difficult, he
pub. (1756) an Analysis of the Laws of England, which
proved of great service to a comprehension of the subject
He had already made his appearance as an author in his
Essay (1750) on Collateral Conyanguinity, which had re-
ference to the claims for Fellowships in All Souls' College
based upon asserted connexion with tlie founder. Arch-
bishop Chicheley. In 1756, Charles Viner, the compiler
of an Abridgment of Law and Equity, (see Viner,) died,
and bequeathed the Fum of £12,000 to the University of
Oxford for the establishment of a Law Professorship, and
the endowment of Fellowships and Scholarships in Com-
mon Law. On the 20th Oct., 175S, Blackstone was unani-
mously elected the first professor, with a salary of £200.
His introdnctory Lecture produced a most favourable im-
pression, and tlie Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Houses
rei|uested him to publish it. This Lecture will be found
prefixed to vol. i. of the Commentaries. The fame of his
Lectures reached the ears of George III., then Prince of
Wales, who tendered him an invitation to read them to
him. His engagements prevented his complying with this
flattering request, but he transmitted some specimens to
the prince, who begged his acceptance of a handsome
token of his approbation. In 1759 he resumed practice
in London, visiting Oxford at the periods appointed for
his Lectures. In the preceding year he edited a magnifi-
cent edition of Magna Charta and the Forest Charter.
Of this w()rk Professor Smyth remarks:
'■(If his History of the Charters it is in vain to attempt any
abrid^rment; for such is the precision of his taste, and such the
importance of the subject, that there is not a sentence in the com-
position that is not necessary to the whole, and that should not
be perused. Whatever other works may be read sli;^ht!y. or
omitted, (his is one the entire meditation of which can in no re-
spect be dispensed with. The claims which it has on our atten-
tion are of no common nature. The laliour which this eminent
lawyer has bestowed on the subject is sulticiently evident." — Leo-
turn's nn Modern iliatorii.
In 1761 he was elected to Parliament for the borough
of Hindon ; and in tlie same year had a patent of prece-
dence granted to him to rank as King's Counsel, having
declined the nfiiee of Chief Justice of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas in Ireland. Vacating his Fellowship by mar-
riage, he was appointed Principal of New Inn Hall, and
in 1763 received the appointment of Solicitor to the Queen.
In 1770 he was made one of the Judges of the Court of
Common Pleas, which oflice he held lor the remainiu" ten
197
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jears of his life. As many imperfect and incorrect copies"
of his Lectures were in circulution in M.S. nmuiig the pro-
fession, and a pirated editiini was understood to be in the
press, the author determined to give a correct copy to the
world. The Commentaries on the Laws of Eughuid were,
therefore, pub. in 4 vols. 4to, O.xf., 1765-68. This great
work nt once superseded the standard mnnuals — Finch's
Law, Wood's Institutes, &q. Enemies, however, were not
wanting to attack the Commentaries on account of the
Cdnservative tone which was charged upon them by the
"reformers" of the day. Jeremy Bentham pub. in 1776
his Comment upon the Commentaries, and censures the
'•antipathy to relormation" which he discovered in Black-
stone's volumes. This objection is happily answered by
Mr. Roscoe, who remarks that
*• Blackstone did not profess to be a ocnsor, but merely an ex-
positor, of the law."
"His object was. in fiict. to show wh.it the Law of England wjus,
not what it ouglit to be." — Cuninngham's Bi'g. Ifid.
Dr. Priestley also pub. some Remarks on the 4lh volume,
which were answered by Blaekstcne. 1769, 8vo. Black-
stone also pub. Considerations (»n Copy Holdei'S, and some
other legal treatises, Reports, &q., and is author of a vin-
dication of Addison respecting his misunderstanding with
Pope, in the Biog. Brit. See Addison. A list of edi-
tions, abridgments of the Commentaries, etc.. will be found
in Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual ; consult also AnthoD,
Ayres. Bentham. Curry, Field. Furneux. Priestley, Rowe,
Sedgwick, Warren, Marvin, &c, AVe observe by the cata-
logue of Messrs. Longman, Brown, Green, and Lmigman,
November. 185.'J, that they advertise as in preparation the
twenty-third edition, iucluding the alterations to the pre-
sent time, edited by James Stewart, E.-^q., of Lincoln's
Inn. It will not be expected that we should enter into an
examination of the merits of the annotations of the many
distinguished legal authors who have profitably exercised
their profound learning and critical acumen in the illus-
tration of Blackstone. Messrs. Burn. Williams. Christian,
Archbold, Coleridge, Chitty, Curry, Gifford. Field, Wanos-
trocht, Taylor, Rowe. Stephen. Stewart, Ac, deserve ho-
nourable mention wlieuever the name of the great Com-
meutati.r occurs. Not only the members of the profession
are debtors to these gentlemen, but for their labours the
gratitude of the public at large is eminently due. As we
have had occasion to remark in another place, so long as
it is not *' possible" to "live peaceably with all men" — so
long as there are rights to be vindicated, wrongs to be re-
dressed, boundaries to be defined, and prfi])erty to be se-
cured— so long shall we need the legal prnfession to be
"with us." As every one, therefore, is liable to personal
experience of, and serious sulfering from, the indecision
of the bench, the perplexities of the bar, and the igno-
rance and prejudice of the juries, so every one can per-
ceive the value of those compilations bj'^ which forensic
wisdom is placed upon record, and the philosophy of juris-
prudence, illustrated by the expositions of its most pro-
found sages, occupies the "seat of Gamaliel" for the in-
struction of mankind. The perusal of Blackstone and his
Commentators, besides the other advantages offered to the
intelligent mind, will hardly fail to produce one valuable
result. It will expose the absurdity of that popular cant
— so common with conceited ignorance — which would ad-
vise us to cashier our lawyers, and give the law-calf of our
libraries to the flames. The settlement of rights, the as-
certainment of duties, and the various issues proceeding
therefrom, must ever constitute a science, with its code of
laws and corp.s of professors, so lung as it is preferable to
have established principles which shall rule individual
cases, to an endless litigation upon isolated instances.
We can hardly close this article, long as it is, with pro-
priety, without citing the opinions of some eminent autho-
rities upon a work which (though not faultless) can only
perish in the general wreck of the recorded wisdom of the
world :
"CorreL-t, elefcant, unpmhanusspd, ornamented, the style is such
as could scarce fail torcrommend awork still more vicious in point
of matter to thp multitude of r^'adel■s. He it is. in .short, who,
first of all institutional writers, has taught jurisprudence to speak
the language of the scholar and the gentleman ; put a polish upon
that rugged science; cleansed her from the dust and cobwebs of
the office; and if he has not enriched her with that precision
which is drawn only fi'om the sterling tre.asury of the sciences,
has decked her out. however, to advantage, from the toilet of clas-
sical erudition; enlivened her with metaphors and .-jllusinns; and
Bent her abroad in some measure to instruct, and in still greater
measure to entertain, the most miscellaneous, and even the most
festidious, societies. The merit, to which, as much perhaps as to
any. the work stands indebted for its reputation, is the enchanting
harmony of its numbers; a kind of merit th.it of itself is suffi-
cient to give a certain degree of celebrity to a work devoid of every
198 ^
I of Jier : so much is man governed by the ear." — Jeremy Bentham :
; Frngmfnt im O'oveifinieJit.
\ " Vou. of course, read Blackstone over and over again : and, if
so, pray tell me whether you agree with me in thiuKiui: his stvle
of Liiglish the Very bust among our umdem writers; ai^^avs easy
' and iutelli^iilile, lar more correct than Hume, and les.s studied and
made up than iiobertson." — C. J. F"X. in a UVn- to Mr. TiUter.
I "His purity of style I particularly admire. He was distin-
guished as much for simplicity and strength as any writer in the
Kn-zlish language. He was perfectly free from all Gallitisms and
ridiculous affectations, for which so many of our modein authors
and orators are so remarkable. Upon this ground, therefore. I es-
teem Judge iJlackstone; but as a constitutional writer he is by no
means an object of my esteem." — C. J. Fox's Dtbatr on the. admis-
sinn nf Lord EUenhnrintgh into Vie Oabbut. See Cuunitgham's
Biog. History.
AVe refer the reader to the article Blackstone in Marvin's
Legal Bibliography, from which, and the opinious there
quoted, we shall make some extracts:
'• Probably there is not a treatise mentioned in the whole Bibli-
ography of the common law, about which a greater coutiariety of
opinion has existed than of Blackstone's Commentaries. .Soon
after their publication the controversy began, and from that time
to the present these volumes, on the one hand, have been most
acrimoniously and unjustly criticised, and. on the other, inordi-
nately and Injudiciously praised. Impertinent and unfair criti-
cism will no more guide us to a pmper opinion of the value of a
production, than over-zealous and indiscriminate praise. Did we
believe the foi-mer, Blackstone is an inmu'thndical, uninformt-d
writer, whose Commentaries 'contain S"nie\\hat which is not law
upon almost every page.' Did we believe the latter, his Commentaries
are unsurpassed models of method, precision, and clearness, which
should be perused itvriim aiqw: il'^nim. All are. however, agreed,
that they are written in a nervous, elegant, and pellucid style;
models of legal purity of dictiou. Before the time of '=ir Matthew
Hale, the Common Law was considered as incapable of .system, by
reason, it was said, of the inrlij-estednesR of it. and the" multipli-
city of the cases; but Hale w;is ii-t nf this npjninn. and by his
Analysis fully showed how . ai^iLle the snl.ierf wa:= of method and
system. On this foundation Blackstone built his immortal work."
Mr. Austin is very severe upon our author:
'■ The method observed by Blackstone in his too celebrated Com-
mentaries is a slavish and blunderim; copy of the very imperfect
metlmd which Hale diiineated roughly in his short and unfinish-
ed .\nalysis. From the outset to the end of his Commentaries, he
blindly adopts the mistakes nf bis rude and compendious model;
missing itivaiiably. with a nice and surprising infelicity, the preg-
nant lutt obscure suggestions which it proffered to his attention,
and which would have guided a discerning and inventive wnter
to an arrangement comparatively just. Keither in the gener^
conception nor in the detail of his book, is there a single particle
of original and discriminating thought. He had read somewhat,
(though far less than is commonly believed, tbut he had swallowed
the matter of his reading without choice and without rumination."
— Outline nf a Coume of Lrctiirex. 63.
" I'erhaps no professional writer has suffered more from the zeal
of injudii iitus admirers than Blackstone in his celebrated Commen-
taries. They were not designed for students at law. but for stu-
dents at the University: they were not addressed to professional,
but to unprofessii^nal. readers. He was not a lecturer of an Inn
of Court, hut a University professor — not to inform lawyers, but
to render the law intelligible to the uninfoi-med minds of begin-
ners. Addressing himself to persons of this description, like an
e.xperienced actor, he accommodated himself to the temper and cha-
racter of his audience, rather for effect than with a view to de-
monstrate. Like the gnomon upon the sun-dial, he takes no ac-
count of any hours but the serene. A man may read Blackstone's
CoDimentaries from one end to the other, and yet have no notion
that a proposition in law is as capable of being resolved and de-
monstrated as a proposition in mathematics. In the rank of ele-
mentary composition they might forever have reposed beneath un-
disturlied laurels: but he who would make them the institute of
his professional education imprudently forces them into an ele-
ment which is not their own, and lays the fnumfttion for those
perilous misvinderstanding.s — that unlawyer-like, jejune smatter-
ing, which informs without enliirhtening. and leaves its delndcd
TOtaryat once profoundly itrnorant and contented." — Sitso's Law
Ftinmtinri. 30, 76. See also Jones on Bailments, 4; Hargrave's
Law Tracts, 45.
" A good gentleman's law-book ; clear, but not deep.'' — J. Hobne
TOOKK.
'• Blackstone is a feeble reasoner, and a confused thinker." —
Mm'lintoxh^s Ethical Piiilosophi/^ 187.
" Blackstone's knowledse of Knglish History was rather superfi-
cial."— Hall'itu's Middle Jtje!^, ch. viii.
" In questions upon rmistitutional Law. Blackstone is not au-
thority."-—Of r/wn'f?/' ''■•-■ Co),stilidif>)u 29; Fox, H CohhrtCs Pari. Dih.y
834. contra ; Stnrifs Inniif/nr-i/ Address. 59,
" Blackstone's opinions on the Criminal Law. as contained in his
Commentaries, are to be regarded as the ofTspring of an eager
rather than a well-informed mind." — Lort> Ei.nn>;, 1 Jtn-ist, 459. N.
'• Gives a brief but a trifling account of Equity Jurisprudence."
— 1 M"d. Chnncen/ Pref. 19. *' Not authority." — 1 &//o. & Lr/.,
327 ; PrcVs Trial, 303; 'Paso's Law FAucatirm', 33.
*■ Oood authority." '-The Commentaries are still quoted, and
as frequently as ever in the Courts nf Law and Kquity; if possible,
with increased respect for the value of Blackstone's opinions, and
of the evidence which his pages afTord, of the former state of the
law." — Warrnil's Law SludJes.'i~G; 4 Dunn. & East, 311; Ama'ivan
Pepfirts, passim.
"■ The Commentaries contain a thousand sophistries, dangerous
to the principles whit-h every citizen of our free republic ought,
and every professor of our laws is sworn, to maintain.'' — Sampson
on CodrR and dim. Jynv, 6.
" Blackstone's Commentaries are a wonderful work, and the more
BLA ^LA
a Lawver read- and rtudios the mnreie will appreciate them; it is : eary in deliheati.^ the mnre minute parts, yet, npon the whole,
not^th him we find fauit but with those who l.lindly «py him ., the «Kures are -'"--■".'^ ' -^yi;";^ °f t'?f '"o^r^istol En^
even in his errors, who seem to think nothini! in him can be wrong, , Blackwell, Elizabeth, M.D..bl&21 Bristol, fcng.,
nothins; improved upon."— 2 L. M., 62. , ' removed to U.S. 18:i2. The Laws of Life, with special reler-
"I - . -
book
prebi
practical branches of the law, we must confess the hand of a master.
But in the miuutiie he is frequeutly, very frt-iuently, inaccurate,
lie .should, theroiore, be read with caution. The student, in read-
ing him, will often require explanation from him whose duty it is
t^\^slr-ai-t:—W,ilkinisI'rin.ofOmr:yancmillnt.. 2K.
" Ulackstones manner is clear and methodical; his sentiments,
I speak orthiHi generally, are judicious aud solid ; his language is
eleuMot ar.d pui-e. In public law, however, he should be consulted
with a cautious prudence. But even in public law. his principles,
when thev are nut proper objects of imitation, will furnish excel-
lent materials nf contrast. On every account, therefore, he should _
be read and studied. He deserves to be much admired; but he i ^^j^^^ other papers upon this subject,
ought not to be implicitly followed."— Wihim'n nm-hs, --. i ,. jj^ ^^.^^^ ^s,t^,n,ed by tho.se of his own i
"Till of late I could never with any satisfaction to myself, point ' - - ■
' * student; but since the pub-
out a book proper for the perusal of a s
lication of Mr. lilackstoues Commentaries. I can never be at a
loss." — Lord Mansfield : HoUiday^s Life of, 89.
At the conclusion of these quotations, Mr. JIarvin gives
us the following general references: Williams's Study of
the Law, 92; Bever's Legal Polity, 474; 1 Kent, 512;
i do., 21)9; Trotter's Memoirs of Fo.\, 612 ; 3 London Ju-
rist, 106; Wodrteson's Elements, 189; Hoffman's Legal
Study, 152 ; Ruggles's Barrister, 1S7 ; Wright's Study of
the Law, 69; Amos's Introductory Lecture, 19; Selwin's
N. P., 4,"i, N. ; 12 A. J., 9.
We couchulo our notice of this eminent lawyer by citing
the opinion of Professor Smyth of Cambridge :
" De Lolme is too much of a panegyrist upon our constitution,
as indeed is Blackstone.— not to say that the latter is rather a
lawver th.an a constitutional writer. Blackstone is quite inferior
to himself, when he becomes a political reasoner ; and if he had
lived in our own times, he would not have written (he could not
have written, a man of such capacity I in the vague and even super-
ficial manner in which he has certainly done, on many of such
occasion.s. in his greiit work of the Commentaries. . . . However
distinguished for his high endowments and extensive acquire-
ments" and however impressed with a sense of the advantages to
be derived from a free government, he has certainly never been
considered as a writer very particularly anxious for the popular
part of the constitution."— iccdircs m Slothrn Hislory.
We are pleased to learn that one of the most profound
jurists aud intelligent expositors of Civil and Statute Law
of whom America can boast, is now engaged upon an edi-
tion of Blackstone, prepared with especial reference to the
wants of the American student. Judge Sharswood has
long devoted himself to the diligent study of his favourite
author, and from his intimate acquaintance with the text,
and familiarity with the general principles of jurispru-
dence, we confidently anticipate a work which will claim
a conspictioiis place in the American legal library, and be a
valuable addition to the collection of the intelligent layman.
Blackwail, Anthony, 1674-1T.'50. of Emanuel Col-
lege, Cambridge, Lecturer of All-IIallows in Derby. His
principal work was. The Sacred Classics Defended and
Illustrated ; or An Essay humbly offered towards proving
the purity, propriety, and true eloquence of the Writers of
the New Testament', Lon., 1725, '27, '31, 3 vols. 8vo. The
same in Latin by Wollius, Lips., 1736, 4to.
*' This work gives many well-chosen instances of passages in the
classics which may justify many of those in Scripture that have
been accounted solecisms." — Dr. Doddridge.
" Blackwail was a strenuous advocate for the purity of the Greek
style of the New Testament, which he vindicates in his first vo-
lume. The second volume, which is most valuable, contains many
excellent observations on the division of the New Testament into
chapters and verses, and also on various readings." — T. II. Uorne.
" It cannot be denied, that Blackwail has brought a large portion
of learnin-'. and no sra.all portion of genius, to this work; but every
attentive reader must be sensible that he often tails in making out
his point." — iJrme.
'■ it is allowed, that this work, without establishing the particu-
lar aim of the writer, gives lighttomany passages."— Bickersteth.
*' Blackwall's plan is like comparing the proclamations of a king
with the eloiuent speeches of an orator; or an edifying popular
hvmn with the awful and pompous ode of a poet laureat." — Dr.
Willi v>is.
Blackwail, Jona. Beauties of Bp. H.all, 1796, 8vo.
Blackwell, Alex., beheaded 1747. A New Method
of Improving Cold, Wet, and Clayey Grounds, Lon., 1741.
Blackwell, Eliilad. Sermon, Lon., 1645, 4to.
Blackwell,Elizabeth, wife of Alexander, (see ante,)
was noted for her skill in botany. An Herbal, containing
.ino Cuts of the Plants most useful in Physic, Lon., 1737-
39, 2 vols. fol. Many editions, and tran,s. into Latin and
German, with additions by Trew ; continued by other bo-
tanists. Mrs. B. gave name to the Blackwellia race of
plants.
" The drawings are in general faithful, and if there is wanting
that accuracy which modern improvements have rendered neces-
of phys
a rcL'ularly educated phvsician."'
Blackwell, George, 1545-1612, an English divine
of the Roman Church, was admitted Scholar of Trinity
College, Oxford, in 1662. Ho approved of the oalh of
alleo-ianco to the crown of England, and advi.scd the Ko-
maiusts to take it. This led to a controversy with Cardinal
Bellarmine. His Letters to the Komish Priests touching
the lawfulness of taking the oath of allegiance were pub.
in 1697, 4to. Letter to Cardinal Cajetane, 1596. He pub.
aners uDon this subject
persuasion, and by others
likewb;e. a man of grea^t learning and piety, and a good preacher."
Blackwell, Henry. English Fencing Master, Lon.,
1711."). 4to.
Blackwell, John. Defeat of Goring's Army in the
West, by Sir Thomas Fairfax, Lon., 1645. fol.
Blackwell, John. Compendium of Military Disci-
pline, Lon., 1726. or '9.
Blackwell, Sir Kalph. The Honour of Merchant
Tailors, Lon.,4to. Black letter, with portrait of BlackwelL
" A work of the same cUlss, if not written by the same hand,
with the well-known history of Sir liichard Whittington."—
Lowndes.
Blackwell, Robt. Corn Dealer's Companion, Lon.,
1707, 1201".
Blackwell, Samuel. Sermons, 1705-19, 8vo.
Bliickwell, Samuel. Parochial Government, Lon.,
1720, 12nio. Reading the Scripture in Private, 4th ed.
Lon.'. 1736, 24mo.
Blackwell, Thomas, d. 1728, Professor of Divinity,
and Principal of the Marischal College, Aberdeen. Ratio
Sacra, Edin., 1710, 8vo. Schema Sacrum, Ediu., 1710, Syo.
Methodus Evangelica, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Blackwell, Thomas, 1701-1757, son of the former,
and also Professor of Divinity and Princiyial of the Jlaris-
chal College. Aberdeen, was a native of Aberdeen.
Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer, Lon.,
1735, Svo.
'■ By Blackwell of Aberdeen, or rather by Bishop Berkeley. A
fine, though sometimes fanciful, effort of genius. "—Gibbon.
" A production which displays more erudition than genius, and
more alfectation than elegance."
Proofs of the Enquiry into the Life and Writings of
Homer, Lon., 1747, Svo.
Letters concerning Mythology, Lon., 1743, Svo.
" .V pompous tritle."
Memoirs of the Court of Augustus, Edin., 1763-55, 2 Tols.
4to. Lon., 1764, 3 vols, 4to.
■■ This book is the work of a man of letters; it is full of events
displayed with accuracy, and related with vivacity; and is suffi-
ciently entertaining to 'invite readers."— A'ei'icto i<i/ Dr. Jnhmnn in
the LiteraTy Magazine : he, however, treats Blackwell with no little
severity. , , , ,. *
" It cannot be denied that there is a considerable degree of af-
fectation in Dr. Bkackwell's style and manner of composition : and
unhappily this affectation increased in him as he advanced in
years. His Enquiry into the Life of Homer was not free from it;
it was still more discernible in his Letters concerning Mythology,
and was most of all apparent in his .Memoirs of the Court of Au-
gustus." See Biog. Brit. : and see his proposals for Plato, in Gent.
Mag., xxi. 383.
Blackwood, Adam, 1539-1623, Professor of CivU
Law at Poictiers, was a native of Dunfermline, Scotland.
Ho was a great favourite with Mary Queen of Scots, and
when she was put to death by Eliz.abeth, he revised and
corrected the Relation du Martyre de Marie Stuart, Reine
d'Ecosse, printed at Antwerp in 1588, Svo. His W(.rks col-
lected were pub. at Paris by Gabriel Naudemus, 1644. 4to.
" He addresses himself in a vehement strain of passion to all the
princes of Kurope to avenu'e Mary's death. ... A most virulent
invective against Queen Klizabeth."— Blsliop Xicolson.
His Sanctorum Precationum Prsemia, Ac, pub. in 1598,
Svo, owed its production to a cause which, as its recital
may be useful to authors by way of abating inordinate
study, and stimulating devotion, we shall present lor their
l^enefit: ■ » -„
" The occasion of his writing this book, which consists ot Prayers
and Devotions upon Divine Subjects, was, That he usually read
the most of the N ight. and had thereof so weakened his Eyes, that
he could hardly know his children if they were but ten foot dis-
tant from him : for which the Archbishop [of Glasgow, James Bea^
ton] advised him to a more useful and safe way to employ his Time,
which was in frequent and fervent Prayers to God." — Mackenzie's
Scotch Wt-iters.
Blackwood, Christopher. Theolog. works, 1644,
'45, '54, '59, 4to.
199
BLA
BLA
Blackwood, Henry, b. about 1526? d. about 1614,
was a bruLher of Adam Blackwood, (t^ee ante.) lie Uxught
philosophy at Paris, and was subsequently made dean of
the faculty in the college of that city. He was the author
of some medical and philosophical treatises, of which at
least two were printed; Hippocratis quaidam cura MSS.
coUata, Paris, 1625; Questio Medica, &c.. Paris, 4to.
Blackwood, Henry, d. 16:U, son of the preceding.
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, wrote some medical
treatises.
Blacow, Richard. Four Sermons, 1812, 8vo. vState-
ment of circumstances of the prosecution of the King v.
Blacow, 1812, 8vo. A Letter to M. Gregson, 1814, 8vo.
A Letter to Wm. King, LL.D., 1S23, 8vo.
Bladen, Lt, Col. Martin, d. 1746, a member of
Parliament, served under bis iurmer schooli'ellow, the Duke
of Marlborough, and dedicated to him his translation of
the Works of Ctesar, Lon., 1719. 8vo. He was alr^o author
of two dramatic pieces, Solon, and Orpheus and Eurydice;
which were pub. in 1705. without his consent. The learned
Mr. Bowyer was employed to print Bladen's trans, of
Coesar ; and as was his wont when he noticed errors and
defects, he made many valuable corrections in the work.
Upon one of these passages he consulted the eminent
scholar, Jeremiah Marlvland, who returned him the follow-
ing amusing reply, which Bladen would hardly have re-
lished :
*'I think in all my life I never saw such a translation as that
you have sent me of these lines. If I were in your place. I would
leave it just as it is. You will have an infinite deal of trouljle.
without any reward, or so much as thanks fi'oni those whose afTair
it is ; perhaps, just the contrary. I repeat it ayaiu, do not meddle
with it." — A'ic/if'h''s Literary Anecdoi^ts.
Bladen, Thomas. Sermons, 1695, 4to.
Ula£;den, Sir Charles, M.D.. 1748-1820. an eminent
English physician and chemist, took his doctor's degree
at Edinburgh in 17(iS. He contributed many valuable
professional papers to the PhiL Trans. 1775, '81, 'S.S, '84,
'87, '88, '90, and 1813; to Medical Facts, 1791, '92, '93,
and to Med. Trans. 1813.
" He lived on terms of intimacy with the chief scientific men of
his day, and particularly with Sir Jnseph BanUs. IJart., for nearly
half a centuiy, and was for many vears one of the secretaries of
the Royal Society." — Hose's Bine/. Diet.
Blagdon,ft^rancis William. Modern Discoveries ;
a traus., 8 vols. 18mo, Lon., 1802-03. Brief History of
Ancient and Modern India, Lon., 1S()5, fol. This gentle-
man has written and trans, several other works, biograph.,
geographical, &e.
Blage, Thomas. Scheie of Wise Conceytes, 1569.
A bo<ik of ^snpian Fables. Ritson's Kibl. Poet., 132.
Bla;rrave, J, Laws regulating Bills of Exchange,
Lon.. 1783, 12mo.
Blagrave, John, d. 1611, an eminent mathematician,
was educated at Reading School, and at St. John's College,
Oxford. A Mathematical Jewel, shewing the making and
most excellent use of an instrument so called : the use of
which jewel is so abundant, that it leadelh the direct path-
way through the whole art of Astronomy, Cosmography.
Geography, &c., Lon., 1582, fol. In the preface to this
work, he gives the following excellent advice to bis readers :
we commend it to the practice of all students, young or old :
"Never ^ive over at the first, though anv thiiiK seenie hard;
rather ask a httle helpe: and if ynu desire to he excellent perfite
in your instrument, abridge my Mhule workc, and you shall tinde
it will stfuide yuu more eteedp tlian twenty times reading. I have
always dune so with any booke I liked."
Of the making and use of the Familiar Staff, so called:
for that it may be made useful and familiarly to walk with.
as for that it performeth the geometrical mensuration of
all altitudes, 1590, 4to. Astrolabium Uranicum generale;
a necessary and pleasant solace and recreation for naviga-
tors in their long journeying, c(mtaining the use of an in-
strument, or astrolabe, &c., 1596, 4to. The Art of Dialling;
in two parts, 1609, 4to.
*' He prosecuted with great zeal his mathematical trenie to so
considerable a height, that he was esteemed the flower of mathe-
maticians of his age His epitaph runs thus: 'Johannes
Blagravius totus mathematicus, cum matre sepuUus: Ohiit J.
Aug., 1611.
' Here lies his corps, which living had a spirit.
"Wherein much worthv knowlt-diie did inlieiit.
liy which, with zeal, one Cod he did adore.
Left fnr maid-servants and to feed the poor;
[His vertuous mother came of worthy race,
A Hungei(i)rd. and hurii-d near this plare.
Uhen Ood sent death their lives away to call.
They liv"d belovd. and died bewaild'by all.'"]
_- Athen. Oxon.
Blaprave, Sir John, supposed to be of the same
^mily with the preceding. A Reading upon tiie Statute 32
Hen. VIII., concerning Jointures, Lou.. 1648, 4to.
Blagrave, Jonathan, Sermons. 1691-93, 4to.
■5?!agrave, Joseph, 1610-1679. Supi)lement to Pla-
ni^^^pherium Calhoiicnni, Lon., 1658, 4to. Epitome of the
Art of Husbandry, Lon., 1669, 12mo. (?) Supplement
to Kic. Culpepper's English Physician, Lon., 1666, Svo.
Astrological Practice of Physic, discovering the true met hod
of curing all kinds of diseases by such herbs and jdants
as grow in our nation, Lou., 1671, 8vo. An Introduction
to Astrology, 1682, 8vo. Essay on Gun-shot Woumls, 8vo.
Account of Drugs, &c., Svo. See account of a MS. as-
cribed to him in Biog. Brit.
Blagrave, Samuel, is said by Weston to be the au-
thor of the Epitome of the Art of Husbandry, Lon., lGt)9,
12mo. See Llagrave, Josei-h. Otherc ascribe the Epi-
tome to Billingsliy. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Blaikie, Francis. 1. Conversion of Arable Land
into Pasture, &v., Lun., 1819, 12mo. 2. Managcmeut
of Farm Yard Manure, and formation of Cumpo-^t, &c.,
1819, i2mo. 3. Management of Hedge-rows and Hedge-
row Timber, 1820, 12mo. 4. Mildew, and the Cultivation
of Wheat, Ac, 1821, 12mo. 5. Smut in Wheat, 1822, 12mo.
"Mr. lilaiUie's piiiclical intelligence is distinguished by a very
sound judgment and a reasonable oliservalion. It is to be regrets
ted thiit the author did not compcse a systematic woik of agri-
cultural comprehension, which would have contained his extensive
and varied knowledge, and relieved his mind of an accumulated
burden. Essays, treatises, and pamphlets are with difficulty made
kuown, and looked on as insignificant. For our own part, we re-
gard such authors of enlightened practice, asgieally advanced Le-
tbre chemital theorists and vague idealoj^ies.'" — DtnaldtmVs Agii-
cuUural Bing.
Blaine, Delabere P., Professor of Animal Medi-
cine. Anat<imy of the Horse. Lon., 1799, fol. Canine
Pathology. Lon., 1800, Svo. The Outlines of Veterinary
Art, Lon., 1802, 2 vols.
"In the execution of this comprehensive plan, the author de-
serves considerable ciedit," — Lon. Moiiihhj Liview.
*' It appears to us that this work is the l^est and most scientific
system of the Veterinary Art that has hitherto appeared in this
country." — British Critic.
A Domestic Treatise on the Diseases of Horses and Dogs,
Lon., 1803, 12mo. Eneyclopa?dia of Kural Sports, with
nearly 600 engravings on wood, 1840, 8voj 1S52, Svo.
" Mr. Blaine's perseverance in ccmpiling this work must have
been immense. The task of j-eading all the sporting literature of
the past and present day. of digesting it. of I alanoing antagonistic
opinions, and of deducing solid inferences, doubtless presented
dilficulties that would have daunted mcst men at the outset of a
similar undertaking." — London O'lohe.
" A more instructive and amusing publication never issued fiom
the press.'' — London Spartfinav.
" Unquestionably a treasury of sporting knowledge." — Lon.
Sptivting /review.
"It ought to be in every country library, from that of the noble-
man to the tenant farmer. We knowof no work likely to be more
useful and agreeable to readers of all classes, whether young or old,
grave or gay." — British Farmcr''s Mcpa^ine.
" Fullof useful, attractive, and exciting reading." — Lon. Monthly
Rei-'inr.
" A perfect library for all lovers of country sports, for all coun-
try gentlemen, and for all persons ■n ho delight in the manly and
healthy recreations whi(h are afforded to no country in such per-
fection as to the inhabitants of the British Isles." — London Times.
Blair, Major. Campaign in Saxony, Lon., 1745. fol.
Blair, Bricc. The Vision of Theodorus Verax. Lon.,
1671, 8vo.
Blair, Daniel. Some Account of the last Yellow
Fever Epidemic of British Guiana, edited by John Daw.
M.D., &c. "^
" Ur. Blair's account nf the Yellow Fever of British Ouiana ap-
pears to be a veiT able book ; full of facts acutely observed, well
presented, and classed in an orderly manner.'' — Lrrndtn Spfctutor.
"The chapter on morlad anatomy forms a rich and nirst valu-
able section in the book. We have perused its elaborate details
with much interest, and we only refrain from quotation because
every line seems equally miportant. Dr. Blair is deserving of all
praise for the enthusiasm with which he has studied the .subject;
and he has, in these careful directions, performed an onei-rus but
high service, in presenting to the reader so much sterliiiL' informal
tion. . . . Dr. Blair's book is the production of a painstaking and
well-informed physician ; its pages are replete with condensed and
original matter; and we sincerely hope he will prosecute his la-
bours, feeling assured that his autboi ity will be long cited as one
of the ablest writers on Yellow Y<^\er:"—Linnhm Lancet.
Blair, David, D.D., author of English Grammar,
Class Book, Reading Exercises, The Mother's Questton
Book, and other educational works.
"The name of Dr. Blair is identified with elementary knowledge;
and these fist. 2d. and ."-d Mother's Catechisms] are" well worthy
the attention of the parent and teacher."— AV/i/co^irnn/ M.igmive.
Blair, Hu^h, D.D., I718-I800, a native of Edinburgh,
entered the University of that city in 1730. In this seat
of learning he devoted himself to scientific, literary, and
theolojiical studies for the lonp term <y^ eleven years. Ho
took his degree of A.M. in 17;'>9; was licensed to preach
in 1741, and in 1757 received the degree of D.D. from th©
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University of St. Andrew's. In 1742 he received a presen-
tation to the parish uf Colessie in Fife, which he left in
the next year to fill a vacancy which hail occurred in the
second charge of the Canongate of Edinburgh. After
discharging the duties of this post for eleven years, he
was translated in 1754 to Lady Yestw's, one of the city
churches. Four years after this transhition he was ho-
noured by promotion to the High Church of Edinburgh,
where he remained until his death in 1800. In 1769 he
read in the college at Edinburgh a course of lectures on
Composition, which excited so much admiraliou that in
1762 George III. was pleased to
'■ Erect and eiul<iw a Professorship of Illn'triric and Belles Let-
tresinthe Univer.sitynf Kdinbuvph.andtoaiipoiutDi-. Blair, in con-
sidei-ali la of his approved qualifications, Itcgius I'rofessor thereof,
with a siliii-y of £7U."
In 1783, when he resigned his professorship, he pub. his
Lectures on Rbetoric and Belles Lettres, Lod., 2 vols. 4to.
Many editions have been pub. of these celebrated Lectures.
" The author gives them to the world, neither as a work wholly
oripuiil, nor as a compilation from the writinirs of others. On
evei'v subject contained in them, be has thought for himself." —
" Their mei-it lies in their good taste and the elaborate elegance
of tha l:in;i:uage."— William Spalding, Professor of Logic, Kheto-
ric. and MeLipbysirs in the University of St. Andrew's.
'■Ttii'V ciintain an aei-urate analysis of the principles of literary
comprisitinu. ill all t lie various species of writing: a happy illus-
tration of those principles by the most beautiful and apposite ex-
amples, drawn from the best authors, both ancient and modern;
and an admirable dii^est of the rules of elocution, as applicable to
tb.3 oiatory of the pulpit, the bar, and the popular assembly. . . .
So useful is the object of these lectures, so cnniprebensive their
plan, and such the excellence of the matter they contain, that, if
not the most splendid, they will, perhaps, prove the most durable,
munuuient of their author's reputation,"
An amusing conversation between Dr. Johnson and Bos-
well respecting these Lectures, will be found ia Boswell's
Life of Johnson.
Dr. Blair took great interest in *' rescuing from oblivion
the poems of Ossian." His biographer a^^sures us that it
was by the solicitation of Dr. Blair and John Home, {au-
thnr of Douglass,) that Macphcrson was induced to pub-
lish hi.s Fragment of Ancient Poetry. To "these, in 17(53,
Blair prelixcd a Dissertation of the critical kind which
procured him much reputation, whatever may be thought
of the subject." Sec Macpfiersos. We cannot better
introduce the mention of the celebrated sermons by which
Blair is best known to the world, than by an extract from
Boswell's Life of Johnson :
"The lievcrend Hugh Blair, who had long been admired as a
preacher at Edinburgh, thought now of diffusing his excellent ser-
mons more extensively and iucreasing his reputation, by publish-
ing a collection of them. He transmitted the manuscript to Mr.
Strahan, the printer, who. after keeping it for some time, wrote a
letter to him, discouraging the publication. Such, at first, was the
unpropitious state of one of the most successful theological books
that has ever appeared. Mr. Strahan. however, had sent one of
the sermons to Dr. Johnson for his opinion ; and after his unfa-
vourable letter to Dr. Blair had been sent off, he received from
Johnson on Christmas-eve, a note in which was the following pa-
ragraph :
" ' 1 have read Dr. Blair's first sermon with more than approba-
tion: to say it is good, is to say too little.' "'
Thus encouraged, Strahan and Cadell purchased the 1st
vol. for £100, which they voluntarily doubled on account
of " the rapid and extensive sale."' For vol. 2d they gave
the author £;i(IO, and for vol. 3d £600. The whole series
comprises b vols. 8vo, 1777-lSOO. The reader will find
frequent mention of the sermons and their author in Bos-
well's Life of Johnson :
'■Dr. Blair h printing some sermons. If they are all like the
first, which I have read, they are sermnws anrei\ uc aitro miu/is
aiird. It is excellently written both as to doctrine and language.
. . . Please to return Dr. Blairthanks for his sermons. The Scotch
write Knilisli wnutlerfully well. . . . Dr. Blair's sermons are now
universalh' ciTnuifiiiled; but let him think that I had the honour
of first finding and lirst praising his excellencies. I did not stay
to add mv vdice tn that of the public." — Letters tn Bn,<itvell in 1777.
"■ I read yesterday Dr. Blair's sermon on devotion, from the text.
'Cornelius, a devout man.' His doctrine is the best limited, the
best expressed: th-^re is the most warmth without fanaticism,
the most rational transport. ... A noble sermon it is. indeed. I
wish Blair would come over to the Church of England. ... I love
Blair's sermons. Though the dou jg a Scotchman, and a Presbyte-
rian, and every thing he shnnld not be, 1 was the first to praise
him. Such was ray candour (smiling.) Mrs. Boscawkn : 'Such bis
great merit, to get the better of all your prejudice.' ' Whv, Ma-
dam, let us compound the matter; let us ascribe it to my candour,
and his merit.'"
Such was the popularity of Blair's Sermons, that it has
been declared to exceed ''all that we read of in the his-
tory of literature. , . . They circulated rapidly and widely
wherever the English tongue extends; they were soon
translated into almost all the languages of Europe." Not
the least pleasing evidence of approbation was a pension,
conferred by royal mandalc, of £200 per annum, which the
successful preacher enjoyed until his death. It is needless
to say that the popularity of Blair's sermons has long since
passed away. Whilst praised by some, irrespecti\ e of their
great merit as literary compositions, for that avoidance of
doctrinal character which could not fail to displease many
readers, it is urged on the other hand that theie is luirdly
sufficient of the spirit of Christianity to elevate them above
the rank of mere moral essays.
"A low tone of divinity, once popular," is the only no-
tice which Mr. Bickersteth deigns to take of productions
once so eagerly perused and clamorously applauded.
"They excel in perspiuuity of arrangement and expression, but
are too stifT, artificial, and elaborate for models of pulpit eloquence,
independent of the strain of doctrine." — Dr. E. \\ illiams.
" We cannot deny the abseute of every beauty, as well as of
most faults in Blair. . . . His florid and artificial elegance obtained,
without fjuestion. most extensive popularity; but it is very doubt-
ful whether his hearers would have been attracted by any other
writer; whether they would not have rejected a more energetic
and impressive style as irregular and enthusiastic." — L</n. <^uur-
lerhl Hevirw.
•- The merits of Blair (by far the most popular writer of sermons
within the last century) are, plain good sense, a happy application
of scriptural quotation, and a clear, harmonious style, richly
tinged with scriptural language." — Edinhurgh Review.
*• Their character is that of moral discourses, but as such they
never could have attained their popularity withnut that high
polish of style which was the author's peculiar object. Under
this are concealed all the defects wbirli attach to them as sermons,
a name which they can never drs^ive wlien compared with the
works of the most eminent English and Scutch di\ ines."
The elaborate review of Blair's Sermons by John Fos-
ter deserves the careful perusal of every one who can np-
preeiate purity of style and elegance of diction. The
celebrated discourses are castigated without mercy ; per-
haps without proper allowance for that diflerenee in philo-
logical taste and construction of .'sentences which we wit-
ness in the literature of perhaps every succeeding genera-
tion. Mr. Foster charges that,
"In the first place, with respect to the language, though the
selection of words is proper enough, the arr.angement of them in
Sentences is often in the utmost degree stiff and artificial. It is
haidly possible to depart further from any resemblance to whixt is
called a living or spoken style, which is the proper diction at all
events for popular addresses, if not for all the departments of
prose composition. Instead of the thought throwing itself into
words, by a free, instantjineous, and almost uuconsfious actiun.
and passing olT in that easy form, it is pretty apparent there ^vas
a good deal of handicraft employed in getting ready proper cases
and trusses, of various but carefully measured lengths and figures,
to put the thoughts into, as they came out, in very slow succes-
sion, each of them cooled and stittened to numbness in waiting so
long to be dressed. . . . In the second place, there is no texture in
the composition. The sentences appear often like a series of little
independent propositions, each satisfied with its own distinct
meaning, and capjible of being placed in a dilTerent part of the
train, without injviry to any mutual connection, or ultimate pur-
pose, of the tlmuL'hts. The ideas relate to the subject generally,
without specifically relating to one another.''
Mr. Foster then proceeds with no gentle hand to apply
the dissecting knife to other limbs of this body of divinity,
if we may so call it. Indeed it is the want of an animus,
such as the preacher's vocation would naturally lead us to
expect, which he pathetically deytlorcs. Yet whilst some
serious defects may he willingly admitted, the sermons of
Blair possess merits of a substantial and enduring kind ;
and though now ajtparently dead and known to the many
** only by reputation," yet have they sufficient vitality to
insure a resurrection ; and our children will agree with
their grandfathers in applauding and imi)roviug by tho.'^e
classical disquisitions which they will marvel their parents
should ever liave neglected.
Blair, James, d. 1743, a learned divine of the Scot-
tish Episcopal Church, founder and first President of Wil-
liam and Mary College, Virginia, was born and educated
in Scotland. About 1685 Compton, the Bishop of London,
sent him as a missionary to Virginia ; in lf)S9 he appointed
him Ecclesiastical Commissary, and his confidence in Blair
was justified by the piety, energy, and unwearied ministe-
rial labours of the latter. In 1093 he returned to London
in order to obtain the patronage of government for hig
projected college. He obtained a chaiter, and was ap-
pointed president, which ofTice be held until his death.
Ho was rector of a church in AVilliamsburg, Virginia,
and President of the Council in that colony. He pub.
Our Saviour's Sermon on the Mount, Matt, v., etc., ex-
plained in 117 Sermons, Lon., 1722, 5 vols. Svo ; new edit,
revised and corrected, with a preface by Dr. Waterland,
Lon., 1710, 4 vols. Svo. These sermons possess great
merit.
*' Explained with pood judgment, in a clear, easy, yet masculine
style. A valua>'le treasure of sound divinity, of practical Chiis-
tianitv." — Dr. Watlrhnd.
" His Commentary on Matt, v.-viii. is tbo best extant. lie ap-
201
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pears to have been a person of the utmost candour, and has soM- '
citously avoided all unkind and contemptuous rcHfctinns on his :
brethren. He has an excellent way of bringing:: down niticism to I
common capacities, and has discovei-ed a vast kiiowlrd^'f of Scrip-
ture in the application of them." — D»ddridgi:'s Wnrls, vol. v. 438. ,
"The best exposition of this discourse." — Bickerstetu. I
Blair, John, aUna Arnold, a monk of the order of |
St. Benedict, was educated with Sir William AVallace at '
the school of Dundee, and became chaplain to him in 1294
when Wallace was made governor of the kinfjdom. lie
wrote the History of Wallace's Life in i;:'.27, in Latin
'verse. A fragment of the MS. of this poem is still in the
Cottonian Library. This was pub. in 17Uo, Edin., 8vo,
by Sir Robert Sibbald,— Relationes qua^dam Arnold! '
Blair, Ac. See tlie Lil'e and Acts of Sir William Wallace
turned from Latin into Scotch Metre by one culled Blind
Harry, Edin., 1709, 12mo. Perth. 1790. 3 vols. ; also Metri-
cal History of Sir William Wallace and Robert Bruce, sine '■
anno, black letter, 4to ; The Actis and Deidis of the illusler
and vailzieand Campioun, Schir William Wallace, Kniiht
of Ellerf^lie. Edinburgh, be Robert Lekpreuik, at the Ex- |
pensis of Henrie Charteris, 1670, 4to. A co]\v of this
work will be found in the British Museum. The edit, of
17oS eoutains Arnaldi Blair Relationes. iSeo Lowndes,
art. Wallace, Sir William.
Blair, John, d. 1782, Prebendary of Westminster, a
relative of Br. Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. '
He removed at an early age to London, where he received '
some valuable preferments. The Chronology and History
of the World from the Creation to a.d. 176.J, L(m., 1754,
fol. This work was partly arranged by Dr. Hugh Blair; I
2d edit. 1756. fol. : other editions, 1768, 79, "90,1803, '15, ,
'20; and in 1844, imji. 8vo, an edition, with additions and '
corrections, was pub. by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Principal
Librarian of the British Museum. Again in 1851, 8vo.
"The student of history, long accustomed to the doctor's pon- '
derous aud unmanageable folio, will rejoice over this handsome
and handy volume. It is the revival and enlargement, into far
more compact and available form than the ori^'inal. of the cele-
brated Chronological Tables of Dr. Blair. It comprises additions
to our own time- and corrections from the most recent authorities.
The outline of the plan is faithfully preserved and wirried out,
with every improvemeut of which it was susceptible."* — London
Examiner.
The History of the Rise and Progress of Geography,
Lon., 1784, 12mo. Lectures on the Canon of the Old Tes-
tament, comprehending a Dissertation on the Septuagint
Version, Lon., 1785, 4to, (pusth.)
" The jrreater part is devoted to the LXX. It discovers consi-
derable leaniin^f and rt'scarch; and is one of the works thatouf^ht
to he consulted in the examination of the Septua^rint." — Oiime.
Blair, John, d. 1771, a native of Ireland, brother to
Samuel Blair, also preached at Fog's Manor, Penn., aud
other places. He pub. a few sermons, Ac.
Blair, Patrick, M.D., d. about 1728, a Scotch botan-
ist, physician, and surgeon, first attracted attention abroad
by an account of the dissection of an elephant which died
in Dundee in 1706. The paper. Anatomy and Osteology
of au Elephant, was pub in Phil. Trans.. Abr. v.. p. 557,
1710; afterwards in (Lon.) 4to, 1713. Blair removed to
London, and pub. there in 1720, 8vo^ Botanical Essays, in
two parts,
" lu which he strengthened the arguments in proof of the sexes
of plants, by sound reasoning and some new experiments."
He also pub. Pharmaco-Botanologia, Lon., 1723-2S, 4to,
extending only to the letter H; his death preventing its
completion. A number of his professional treatises will
be found in Phil. Trans., 1710-20. His Miscellaneous
Observations on the Practice of Physick, Anatomy, aud
Surgery, with Remarks on Botany, was pub., Lou., 1718,
2 vols. 8vo.
" He was a Nonjuror, and for bis attachment to the exiled
femily of Stuart, was imprisoned, iu the rebellion of 1715, as a
SUsp('''ti'i.l pri'soii,"
Blair, Robert, 159.3-1666, great-grandfather of Dr.
Hugh Blair. Autobingrnphy, from 1593-1636, pub. by
Dr. Mc-Crie. Edin., ISIS. Svo.
Blair, Robert, 1609-1747, a distant relative of Dr.
Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. In 1731 he was
ordained as a minister of the parish of Athelst;inefi>rd in
East Lothian, where he remained until liis death. He
pub. in 1743, Lon.. The Grave, a Poem; pub. at Edin. in
1747 ; numerous editions. With 12 Plates after Blake by
Sachiavonetti, large 4to, pub., Lon., 1808, 1. p. £5 5s.
(See Blake, WrLLiAM ) This poem met with but little
attention at first, but the commendation of Hervey. Pin-
kerton, and others, brought it into general notice. Of late
years it seems to be but little read, Mr. Campbell praises
it highly :
" The ei;;hteenth century has produced few specimens of blank
verse of so familiar and simple a character as that of The Urave.
It is a popular poem, not merely because it is religii us, but be-
caUiit its languaj;e and imagery are free, natural, and picturesque.
. . . Blair may be a homely and even a gloomy poet in the eye of
fastidious criticism ; but there is a masculine and pronounced cha-
racter even in his gloom and homeliness that keeps it most dis-
tinctly apart from either dullness or vulgarity. His style pleases
us lilie the powerful expression of a countenance without regular
beauty." — Ks^ay nn English Poetry.
Mr. Campbell is quite indignant that some of this au-
thor's most nervous and expressive phrases should be cen-
sured as •' vulgarisms;" but a poet who endeavours to in-
sinuate droll satirical sketches, at the expense of physi-
cians and undertakers, into a gallery of sublime represen-
tations of the sable hearse, the funeral cortbge, and the
gloomy aisles of the city of the dead, cannot hope to es-
cape satire himself. Mr. Campbell's admiration of the
simile of '"angels' visits, short and far between," is well
known. Whether Norris of Bemerton would have been
pleased witli the evident approval of his brother poets we
do not venture to decide. That Bhiir was a poet of a high
order, we hold to be unquestionable. The sketches com-
mencing "See yonder hallowed fane!" and •* Invidious
Grave." show the h:ind of the master.
Blair, Robt. Achromatic Telescopes, Nic. Jour., 1797.
Blair, Samuel, d. 1751 ? a native of Ireland, settled
in Pennsylvania, and about 1745 opened an academy at
Fog's Manor, Chester County, and officiated at the church
at this place. His works, con.sistiiigof Sernuins, Treatises,
and a Narrative of a Revival of Kcliginn in Pennsylvania,
Tpere pub. in 1754 by Wm. Bradford, Philadelphia.
"iMr. Llairwasoneof the most learuedandable.aswtll as pious,
excellent, and venerahle men of his day. He was a profound di-
vine, and a most solemn and impressive preacher.'' — Alltn's Amer.
Biorj. Ihd.
Blair, Samuel, 1741-1818, a son of Samuel Blair,
(see unic,) of Ireland, was born at Fog's Manor, Chester
county, Pennsylvania. He married iu 1769 a daughter of
Dr. Shippen, the elder, of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1761
an Oration on the Death of George 11.
Blair, William, 1765-1822, an eminent surgeon, was
a native of Essex. He was not so much engrossed by pro-
fessional pursuits as to prevent his taking a lively interest
in the distribution of the Holy Scriptures, and in other
benevolent enterprises. He pub, a number of professional
and other works. Among them nre The Soldier's Friend,
or the Means of Preserving the Health of Military Men,
Lon., 1798, Svo. Of Anthropology, or the Natural History
of Men, Lon., 1803, Svo. The Vaccine Contest, or mild
Humanity, Reason, Religion, and Truth, against fierce,
unfeeling Ferocity, overbearing Insolence, mortified Pride,
false Faith, and Desperation ; being an exact outline of the
arguments and interesting facts adduced by the principal
Combatants on both sides respecting Cow-pox Inoculation,
Lon., 1806, Svo. This belligerent proclamation proves
that our excellent doctor could buckle on his armour and
be "'a man of war" in defence of the right. He also pub.
some pieces on Penitentiaries, &c., and contributed several
papers to Phil. Trans., 1794, Med. Facts, 1795, aud Me-
moirs Med., 1799.
Blair, William. Inquiry into the State of Slavery
amongst the Romans, Edin., 1833, 12mo.
'■ The subject of Koman Slavery has lately been investigated with
great diligence, in a very modest but valuable volume, by William
Blair. Esq." — Milman's Gihhon.
Blaise, Lord. Discourse of Fire and Salt, discover-
ing many Mysteries, Philosophical and Theological, Lon.,
1649, 4to.
Blake. Privilege of H. of Commons, 1818. 8vo.
Blake, And. ,M.D. Aphorisms on Accouchement, 1813.
Blake, Charles. Lusus Amatorius, Lun., J 694, foL
Hibernia Plorans, 1089. Mense Julii, Lon., 1694, foL
Part of the Fifth Book of Milton's Paradise Lost, in Latin
verse. Lon., 1()94.
Blake, Edward, Religion and its Temporal Promises
connected ; sermon on Matt. vi. 33, 1756, Svo.
Blake, Francis, Mathemat. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1751. Svo.
Blake, Sir Francis. Political treatises.Lon., 1785-90.
Blake, George, New method of Brewiug, Lon.,
1791. 8vo.
Blake, H. J. C. Ten Parochial Sermons, adapted to
a country congregation; 2d edit., Chiches., 1847, 12mo.
Blake, J. Universal Piece Writer. ISll, 8vo.
Blake, James. See Catholick Sermons, (1741, 2 vols.
Svo.) ti-ii,j>. James II.. vol. ii. 393.
Blake, James, d. 1771, aged 21, a native of Dorches-
ter, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College in 1759.
A vol. of his sermons was pub. after his death.
"His sermons indicate a warmth of pious feeling honourable to
bis character."
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Blake, Capt. John. Marine System of G. Brit.,
1758, 8vo.
Klake, John. Letter on Inoculation. Lon., 1771, 8vo.
Blake, John L., D.D.,I78S-lS57,b.at Northwood, N.
H., p:i:id. Brown University, 1812, in the class with Chief
Justice Richard W. Greene, LL.D., Prof. Wm. G. Goddard,
LL.D., and Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, D.D. He was Princi-
pal of a Young Ladies' School about 12 years, during which
time he published a Text Book of Geography, Chronology,
and History; Text Book of Modern Geography; Compen-
dium of Universal Geography; First Reader; Second
Reader; Historical Reader; High School Reader; Lec-
tures on Rhetoric; First Book in Natural Philosophy;
First Book in Astronomy ; Mrs. Marcet's Conversations,
4 vols. Some of these works have been in use more than
forty years, and to them we are indebted for a new feature
in School-Book Literature ; namely, an analysis of the text
in printed Questions at the bottom of each page, which
plan has since been frequently adopted. He has been
Rector of an Episcopal Church for fifteen years; the first
at N. Providence, R. L, the next at Concord, N. H., and
for Dearly eight years at Boston. He has written nume-
rous Theological orations and addresses, besides many ser-
mons. During the twenty-five years prior to 1855. he has
devoted his attention to general literature; the results of
■which are, his Family Encyclopedia, roy. 8vo, pp. 9G0j
General Biographical Dictionary, roy. 8vo, pp. 1100.
"We cordially i-ccommend this volume to all wlio desire a con-
venientand comprehensive summary of Biographical History, and
hesitate not to say it is worthy of a place in every library."— t'/nv^
nicli: nf the Church.
So great has been the demand for this work that the 8th
edit, was pub. in 1853, and the 9th just before the author's
death. Of several small voluraes for school-libraries are
the following: Book of Nature Laid Open; Parental In-
structions; Wonders of the Earth ; Wonders of the Ocean ;
Wonders of Art,<S;c. ; Farmer's Every Day Book, 8vo, 654 pp.
" This work should not only be in the library of every flirmer. but
it should hold a prominent place in the lihrai-y of every family in
the country ; for it presents ably and truly the importance of .-tgii-
culture, and the advantages aud pleasure of rural pursuits." — N.
E. Farmer.
Blake, Malachi, d. 1760. Account of the fire at
Blandford-Forum, 1731: and a sermon, 2d edit., Lon.,
1735. 12mo.
Blake, Mark. Letter to Clergv Ch. Scotland, 1794, 8vo.
Blake, Martin. Sermon. lOfil, 4to.
Blake, Robert. Triumph of Scipio; an Hist. Poem
on the late Rebellion, 1755, 4to.
Blake, Robert, M.D. Structure of the Teeth, Dubl.,
1801. 8vo.
BLike, Stephen. The Compleat Gardener's Practice,
directing the exact way of Gardening, in three parts, the
Garden of Pleasure, Physical Garden, Kitchen Garden,
Lon.. lfiG4, 8vo or 4to.
Blake, Thomas, 1597-1657, a Puritan divine, was a
native of Statfordshire. He was entered at Christ Church,
Oxford, in 1G16. A Treatise of the Covenant of God with
Mankind, Lon., 1653, 4to. The Covenant Sealed, 1655,
4to. Living Truths in Dying Times, 1665, 12mo. Con-
troversial treatises on Infant Baptism. At his funeral
"Many of the ministers and others of the neighbourhood being
present, Mr. Anth. Burgess, of Sutton Colfield. stept up into the
pulpit and preached his funeral sei-mon, wherein, in the conclu-
Eion, he said many thin;j;s of the defunct relating to his learning
and godliness.'- — Athen. Oxnn.
Blake, Win., 1757-1828, b. in London, an engraver
and author, attracted great attention by his eccentricity
and artistic talents. The Gates of Paradise, Illustrated
by 16 Engravings, for Children, 1793, 12mo. Songs of
Experience, with Plates. America; a Prophecy, 1793, fol.
Europe; a Prophecy, 1794, fol. A Descriptive Catalogue
of Pictures, Poetical and Historical Inventions, painted by
himself in Water-Colours, Lon., 1809, 12mo. His Illus-
trated Edition of Young's Night Thoughts, 1779, imp. 4to,
and Illustrations to Blair's Grave, 1808, imp. 4to, have
been greatly admired. Poet. Sketches, 178.3, 8vo. Songs
of Innocence aud of Experience, 1789-94, 2 vols. Svo: sold,
1855, £12 5s.; same, 1 vol. imp. 4to, coloured by the artist,
£10 10*. Book of Thiel, 1789, 4to. Vision of the Daughters
of Albion, 1793, s. f. Book of Ahania, 1795. Marriage
of Heaven and Hell, ISOO. Jerusalem: the Emanation
of the Giant Albion, fol. Illustrations to the Book of Jo-b,
fol. Illustrations to Comus. Milton ; a Poem, 1804, 4to,
£10 10«., Bohn's Cat. Illustrations to Dante, fol.
" Blake is a real name. T assure you, and a most extraordinary
man he is, if he still be living. He is the Blake whose wild designs
accompany a splendid edition of Blair's Grave. He paints in wa-
ter-colours marvellous strango pictures — visions of his brain —
which he asserts he has seen. They have great merit. I must
look upon him as one of the most extraordinary persons of the
age." — CoARLKs Lamb.
*' Full of feeling and delicacy, and looked on with wonder and
respect by the world." — Pill.ingtmi''s Diet, of PainUTs.
"The most Mri_iiial. and in truth the only new and original,
version of tlie >r\ i[>ture idea of Angds which I have met with, is
that of ^Villi;im i;l;ike, a poi't-pninter. somewhat mad, as we are
told, if indeed hi-; madness were not i-atlu-r ' the telesmjie of truth,'
a sort of poetiial rlun-vi/nifr. lirin:^in^^ the un.'aillily nearer to
him than to otliei-s."— ,V/'S. Jameson's ,S icrt.'d and Lrytxdi'ri/ Art.
Blake, William. Course of Exchange, and the De-
preciated State of the Currency, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Blake, Williaiu, Private Judgment, a Sermon,
1818, 12mo.
Blakeuey,L. Theolog..&c.works,1814-15.8voand4to.
Blakcney, R. P. Awful Disclosure of the luiquitoua
princii)les taught by the Church of Rome, being extracts
trans, from the Moral Theology of Alphonso Liguori, who
was canoni/ed in the year 1839, Ltui., 1846, 12mo.
Blakeway, John Brickdale, 1765-1826, a divine
and antiquary, was educated at Westminster School and
Oriel College, Oxford. He pub. A Warning against Schism,
a Sermon, 1799, 4to. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1805, Svo.
An Attempt to ascertain the Author of Junius's Letters,
1813, 8vo. He compiled a History of Shrewsbury, the last
number of which was completed about the time of his de-
cease. He left other historical collections, not prepared for
the press. Notices of the Sheriffs of Shropshire, fol,
BlakcAVay, Robert. Sermon on obedience to King
George, 1716, Svo. An Essay towards the Cure of Beli-
gions INIelanchnly, Lon., 1717, 8vo.
Blakcy. On Making Steam Engines, Lon., 1793. 8vo.
Blakey, Robert. History of the Philosophy of Mind;
embracing the opinions of all Writers on Mental Science
from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, 4 vols. Svo,
Lon., 1S4S; again, 1850.
*■ We regard these volumes as embodying little short of the sub-
stance of a library in themselves.''— C/iwrc/i nf Enghmd Quartirrly.
" We entirely congratulate the author, and still more the public,
on the appearance of this great work."' — Brittmnia.
" For the thorough student of the history of philosophy, this is
the best guide.' — Lon. Athen.
Essay on Logic, 12mo. On Moral Good and Evil, Svo.
Hist, of Moral Science, 2 vols. Svo. Lives of the Primitive
Fathers, Svo. Temporal Benefits of Christianity, Svo. Hist,
of Political Literature, 2 vols. Svo.
Blakey, William, ofthe College of Surgeons at Paris.
Observations concerning Ruptures, Lon., 1764, Svo.
Blackiston, Capt. J. Twelve years' [1802-14]
Military Adventures in three Quarters of the Globe, in which
are contained the Campaigns of the Duke of AVelliugton
in India, and his last in Spain and the South of France,
Lon., 2 vols. Svo, 1840.
"A valuable body of information upon the course of the British
armv in India, in Spain, and the South of France."— X'<??. Atliis.
"We like Twelve Years' Military Adventures very much."—
BJac' wnnd'$ Mifjmiv.
Twenty Years in Retirement, 2 vols. Svo, 18.^6. Full
of amusing anecdotes of personal adventure, and remarks
on men and manners.
Blakiston, Perry, BLD., late Physician to the Bir-
mingham Hospital. On Diseases of the Chest, and on the
Principles of Auscultation, Lon., 1847, Svo.
"Dr. Blakiston's production not only gives him a place in the
rather thin ranks of sound and accomplished physicians, possessed
of a true notion of the importance of their science, and of the
means by which it should be cultivated, but adds to English Me-
dical Literature one nf the few really inductive works by which it
is adnrned." — M,d {'■•>-(' hi ntrffiod lieviexo.
Blakwell, Alexander. See Blackwell.
Blamford, Samuel. Discourses, 1660, Svo.
Blamire, Susannah, 1747-1794, a native of Cum-
berland. England, resided for some years in Scotland, where
she became acquainted with the dialect of the country, and
devoted her attention so successfully to the national poe-
try as to write Scottish lyrics of great elegance and beauty.
Her best-known pieces are. The Nabob, The Siller Crown,
The Waefu' Heart, Auld Robin Forbes, and a descriptive
poem entitled Stocklewath, or the Cumbrian Village. Pa-
trick Maxwell pub. her works, with a memoir, preface, and
notes in 1842, in one volume.
Blanchard, Laman, 180.3-1S45. The Lyric Offering,
1823. Tale.s and Esyays, entitled Sketches from the Life,
with a Memoir of the Author by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton,
Lon., 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"As Addison aud Steele reflected their own generations, so has
Laman Blanchard in bis sketches miri'ored forth the variable aud
motley peculiarities of the present day: they have but to be read
to be aduiiied. Let all lovers of oui- British essayists — all worship-
pers of our Goldsmiths, our Lambs, and our Hawkesworths — :idd
these three volumes to their previous collection. Sir Edward Bulwer
Lytton's memoir will be read with much interest." — Lnn. Sun.
2U3
BLA
BlancUard, W. J, Works on Short Hand, Lon.,
177'J-S7.
Blanekley, T. R. A Xaval Expositor, explaining
the Tuniis ol' llie Art. Lon., 1650, 4to.
Bland, Edwarde. Discovery of N. BritUaine, Lon.,
1651, Ito.
Bland, Elizabeth, of London, horn ahout 1660, w.is
celoliraled for her knowledge of the Hebrew langu.ige,
which was taught her hy Lord Van Ilelmont. There is
preserved in the Royal .Society a phylactery in Hebrew,
written by her at the request of Ra'iph Thoreshy. Dr.
Grew gives a description of this in his Account of Rarities
preserved at Gresham College, Lon., 1081, fol. See Thores-
by's Diary and Correspondence for several letters from
Miss Bland (she was never married) to Ralph Thoreshy.
The honest antiquary thus details his surprise at the young
lady's erudition :
"June 28, 1709. Walked to Beeston-Hall to visit Mr. Bland:
was surprised to hear his daughter read Hebrew distinctlv into
Eng]i.sb, which she le.arnt of her mother, who is an ini^enirms tren-
tlewonian. Phe presented me with an autograph of the noted
Geor;;e Fox. tlie founder of Qu.akerism."
Bland, Humphrey. Mil. Discipline, Lon. 1727, Svo.
Bland, J. Thei.log. Treatises. 176.S-94.
Bland, J. The Nabob of Oude, 1S07, Svo.
Bland, John. Thenlog. Treatises, Ac. 17+6-50, Ac.
Bland, SI., D.D. Annotations on the Historical Books
of the New Testament, 1828-29, vols. i. and ii.
" These annotations on St. Matthew and St. Mark, drawn partly
from the fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, but principally
from earlv Entrlish divines, are desi'^ncd for the use of students
at the universities, and candidates for holy orders."
Dr. Bland has pub. a number of mathematical and other
works.
Bland, Peter. Political treatises. Lon. and Hull, 1642.
Bland, Philip. Plain Parish Sers., Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Bland, Uicliard, d. 1778, a political writer of Vir-
ginia, pub. in 1706 An Inquiry into the Rights of the
British Colonies, in answer to a British publication — Re-
gulations concerning the Colonics, Ac. Arthur Lee and
Jefferson .also took part ia the controversies of this period.
In 1758 ho wrote on the controversy between the clergy
and the Assembly concerning the Tobacco tjix.
"Ilis perfect mastery of every fact connected with the settle-
ment and pro[;ress of the colony had Riven him the name of the
Tirginiau antiquary. lie was a politician of the first cl.ass. a pro-
found logician, .and was also considered as the first writer in the
colony." See .lefferson's Notes; Wiifs Life of Henry.
Bland, Robert, M.D. Observations on Parturition,
Lon.. 17!) 1. Svo. Proverbs, 2 vols. Svo, 1814. Profess.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 17S1.
Bland, Robert, 1779-1825, son of the above, was
for some time minister of the Engli.sh Church at Amster-
dam, afterwards settled at Kenilworth. Two Poems, Lon..
1808, Svo. The Four Slaves of Cythern, 1S09, Svo. Mi-
nor Poets of Greece, 181.'!, Svo. Collections from the
Greek Mythology, ISl.S, Svo, assisted by J. H. Merivale,
Ac: hence Byron calls them the " Associate Bards," in
his English Bards, Ac
"Rarely has the world obtained a richer treasure of poetic gems
than is contained iu tiiis collection." — Lmi, Allien.
In conjunction with Miss Plumtree, Mr. Eland trans, the
Memoirs ot l)c Grimm and Diderot, 2 vols. Svo, ISIS.
Bland, Col. Theodoric, 1742-1790. Bland Papers.
Sec ('.miBKi.i,. Cinni.ES, p. ;i?,l.
Bland, Theodoric. Report of Cases decided in the
nitrh Court of Chancery, Maryland. Bait., 18.16-41.
Bland, Thomas. On Epil.psy, Med. Comm., 1780
Bland, Tobie. Baitc for Monuis, Lon., 1589. 4to.
Bland, \Vm., Jr. The Principles of Agriculture,
Lon.. 1827, Svo.
"The volume treats the processes of cultivation in a vei7 con-
cise and enli.'htened manner. The author holds to practice, and
observes the results."— BonoWsoii'.! Agriadl. Knri.
Blandie, William, educated at O.xford, trans, the
Five Books of Hieronimus Osorius. Lon., 1576, 4to.
"This is a rare book, T think Mr lllandie. the translator, was
a noni.in Calholick."— J/& note Inj Ilearne, in his ami/ of the above
Wf'i' . ' ■
Blandy, Adam. Fellow of Pembroke College, Ox-
ford. Chniio.lngi,.a| t.ables of the World, Svo.
Blandy, William. The Castle or Picture of Policy,
Lon., 1581, 4to.
"Shewing forth, most lively, the Face. Body, and Parts of a
Commonwealth: the Duty. Quality, Profession of a Perfect and
Absolute fio\4\'^r:'—-Titli-p/itfr.
Blane, Sir Gilbert, Bart., M.D., 1749-1S.34, an emi-
nent physician, was a native of Banefield, county of Ayr,
Seolhind. He served for some time in the Royal Navy'
and was afterwards elected physician to St. Thomas's Hospi!
tal, and app„inted Physician Extraordinary to George IV
BLA
and .subsequently Physician in Ordinary to William IV.
He was created a baronet in 1812. The prize medal
awarded to the best journal kept by the surgeon of the
Navy was a proposition of Sir Gilbert's. He pub. many
profe.ssional works, 1775-18.32. We notice some of the
principal: Observations on the Diseases incident to Sea-
men, Lon., 17S5, Svo. A Lccturo on Muscular Motion,
Lon., 1790, 4to. This work is highly commended by phy-
siologists. A Serious Address to the Public on the Prac-
tice of Vaccination, Lon., ISll, Svo. Elements of Medi-
cal Logic, including n statement respecting the contagious
nature of the Yellow Fever, Lon., 1818, Svo. Select Dis-
sertations on several Subjects of Medical Science, Lon.,
1822, Svo. A Brief Statement of the Progressive Im-
provement of the Health of the Royal Nilvy at the end
of the ISth and beginning of the 19th century, Lon., 1830,
Svo. AVarning and Admonition to the British Public on
the Introduction of the Cholera of India, Lon., 1832, Svo.
Sir Gilbert had six sons and three daughters. His suc-
cessor in the title. Sir Hugh Seymour Blane, served with
distinction at Waterloo as an oflicer of the Third Guards.
Blane, William. Essays on Hunting, Lon., 1781,
Svo. Hunting Excursion of Asaph ul Dowlah, Lou., 17S8,
Svo. Pr.iduction of Borax, Phil. Trans., 1787.
Blanshard, Henry. Appealforlndia, Lon., 1836, Svo.
Blanshard, William. Statutes of Limitation, Lon.,
1820, Svo.
Blaquiere, Edward, Royal Navy. Letters from the
Mediterranean, 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S13.
"Mr. Blaquiere h.as produced an interesting and considerably
important work, which is not merely creditable to his talents, but
bis integrity, and from which his Alajesty's Government may ac-
quire a great deal of useful information. ""^A'c/ccd'c Review.
_" Mr. Blaquiere has i^iveu a more minute, full, and entertaining
picture of these countries than any of his competitors." — Edinburgh
Jieview.
An Historical Review of the Sp.anish Revolution, Svo.
"It is impossible to peruse this volume without feelings of
the most affecting and irresistible nature."— iwtiion Mmitldti Maa.,
&pl.^ ISLiJ. ^ *
The Greek Revolution : its Origin and Progress, Svo.
"To Mr B., Greece is much indebted for his exei-tions in her
beh.ilf, and the British public will thank him for the vei^ clea,r
and iniparti.ai account he has given of one of the most interesting
revolutions that has occurred in the history of the World."— i«j!-
dtm Liti'rarij Clironidr.
Narrative of a Residence in Algiers, by M. Pananti,
with notes by E. Bhaquiere, 4to.
"This volume will be found to be an object of particular curio-
sity from the minute and lively manner in which it lays open
the interior of the Court of the Pey of .\lgiers."
Description of Venezuela, Trinidad, Margarita, and To-
bago, from the French of M. De Lavaysse, Svo.
"Of this useful and instructive volume it is impossible to speak
too hiirhly. The ori:-'inal Author, M. Lavaysse. is a philauthro-
pist and a philosopher, and the TraiLslatorbas not only done him
.justice, but h;is enriched the work with many valuable notes and
illustnitinns."— LomAoi M,iillili/ Mrg.. Jan.. 1820.
Mr. Blaquiere pub. a few other works.
Blaquiere, Hon. William. Trans, of Schiller's
History of the Thirty Years' War, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. Svo.
" It neither conveys an adequate idea of the original work, nor
presents even correct English composition."— ion. MuiilMy Betiii-w.
Blan, Robert. Grammatical works, Edin., 1701, Svo.
Blaxlaud, George. Codex Legum Anglicarum ; or
a digest of principles of English Law; arranged in the
order rif the Code Napoleon, with a HistorieaL Introduc-
tion, Lon., 1839, Svo.
" The author's object in this work has been to collect as many
rules of En^rlish law as there are articles of the French Code, bcar^
ioR on similar points and arranged in the same order."
Blaxton, John. English Usurer, or Usury Con-
demned by the most learned and famous Divines of the
Church of England, Lon., 1634, 4to. Verses by Georgo
Wither at the end. On this subject, see Bentliam's De-
fence of Usury.
Blaymires, J. Christian Spelling Book, 1790, Svo.
Blayney, 3Iajor General, Lord. Narrative of a
forced Jimniey through Fiance and Spain, as a Prisoner
of War. in the years 1810-14, 2 vols. Svo, 1814. Voh 3,
sequel, 1816. See a critique on this work. Quarterly Re-
view, vols. xiv.. ,\v.
Blayney, Allan. restorumMetropolis,Lon.,lC54,8vo.
Blayney, Benjamin, D.D., d. ISOl. of Worcester
Ccdlego. Oxford, aftei wards of Hertford College; M. A.,
1753; B. D., 1768; D. D., 17S7; and in the same year
Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford. He was very emi-
nent as a Biblical critic. A Dissertation on Daniel's 70
Weeks, Oxf, 1775, 4to. This controverts some points of
Michaelis's opinions. See Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S.,
vol. Hi. Jeremiah and Lamentations : a new translation.
BLA
BLE
with Notes, philolnf;ioal ami explanatory, Oxf., 1784, 4to ;
2d edit, with additions, 171)7, 4to. Edin., 1810, Svo.
"This work is <_-xei-uti.-d on the same plan as Bishop Lowth's
version of Isiuah; and though not with oqual success, yet with
much credit to the author, both as a translator and a critic. . . .
The notes are very copious. Many of them are very useful, and
some discover much critical knowledge in the Hebrew languatre,
and a tjood acquaintance with ancient history." — Lon. Monthly
Review.
Zechariah : a New Translation, with Notes,Lon.,1797,4to.
" We think it our duty to say that Dr. lil.'iyiie}' has produced a
valuable iUustiation of Zechariah, and afforded grtat assistance to
the biblical student." — British Critic, O. S., vol. xiii. See Jlonthly
Review, N. S., vol. xxviii.
Pentateuchus Hebraeo-Samaritanus, »fec.,0.\on. 1790, Svo.
''The text of the Ilebra'O-Samaritan IVntateuch, which was
printed in Bishop Walton's Polyglot, has been adopted as the basis
of tins edition, to which have been added various readings from
Dr. Kennicott's edition of the Hebrew Bible." — Horne's Introduc-
tion.
Dr. Blayncy bestowed much labour in revising the edi-
tion of the Authorized Version of the Bible, printed at the
Clarendon Press, 1769, 4to, and ful. He also added mnny
marginal references to this edition. See Home's Intro-
duction.
" Blayney was not deficient in learning, luit he bad not that ex-
quisite taste, and acute discernment of poetical beauty, for which
Lowth was distinguished." — Okme.
Blayney, Frederick. Life Annuities, 1818.
Bleamire, William, Remarks on the Poor Laws
and the Maintenance of the Poor. Lon., ISOO, Svo.
Blechyudeu, Hichard. Theolog. treatise, Lon.,
16S5, fol.
Bleecker, Anne Eliza, 17;»2-17So. a daughter of
Brandt Schuyler of New York, was married in 1769 to
John J. Bleecker of New Roehelle. After her death some
of ber writings were collected and published in 1793, and
again in 1S09, with a notice of her life by her daughter,
Mrs. Margarette V. Faugeres. Some of Mrs. F.'s Essays
■will be found in the volume.
"■' The memoirs of Mrs. Bleecker and her Poems, were published
many years ago, but I have sought in vain among the libraries
and the Bleeckers, to obUiin a copy." — W. L. Stone: Life of Brant,
vol. i. p. 207.
''There are no wonderful traces of genius in Sirs. Bleecker's
poems; but they show a refined taste, and talents which might
have been cuUivated to higher efforts, if the circumstances sur-
rounding the author had been propitiou.'!. There is a pure current
of conjugal and innti'inal feeling to be traced in all her effusions."
— Mrs. S. J. Hale: Wuntan's Hecord.
Bleecker, Anthony, d. 1827. aged 49, a graduate of
Columbia College, New York, pub. many fugitive poetical
piece.s.
"For thirty years the periodical literature of New York and
Philadelphia was constantly indebted to his tiucy and good taste."
Alhns Ame.r. Jiiog, Diet.
Ble^borough, Ralph, M.D.. 1769-1827, a London
physician. Facts respecting the Air Pump, &c., Lon.,
1803, 8vo. He contributed to several medical periodicals.
Blencowe, £dward, formerly Fellow of Oriel Col-
lege. Plain Sermons addressed to a Country congrega-
tion, 1st, 2d, and 3d series, Lon., 3 vols. Svo. 3d series
pub. 1851.
'■ The discourses are plain, interesting, and pre-eminently prac-
tical."— Enylifh (Vnirchiiuni.
■'They really disii-vc iln-ir title of plain sermons, and that is
the very hij^hest piai-;.- that c<mld be accorded to any." — Ixm. Critic.
'' Simjile. intellii^iblc, and affectionate." — Church and SlateGazHte.
"Very stirring .nnd practical." — Christian Hememhrancrr.
BlencoAve, R. W. Editor of Ron. Henry Sidney's
Diary of Charles the Second's Times, 2 vols. Svo. See
SiDNKY. Hon. Henry.
Blener-Hasset, Thomas, a minor poet, iemp.
Elizabeth, made additions to the edition of the Mirrour
for Magistrates, pub. in 1578.
'■The year 1578 not only produced this second impression of
Hisffins's Mirrour, but witnessed a fifth and separate edition of
Ealdwyne's labours, with the addition of two lecrends, and an in-
termediate part written by Thomas Blener-Hasset^ containing
twelve stories, and entitled The Seconde part of the Mirronr of
Maiiistrates, conteining the falles of the iufortunate Princes of
this Lande; from the Conquest of C.fsor into the conimyng of
Duke William the Conqueror." — Drake's Shakspeare and His Times^
vol. i.
Blener-Hasset pub. in 1610, A Direction for the Planta-
tion of Ulster.
Blenmau, Richard. Acts of Parliament, Lon., 1742,
Svo.
Blennerhaysett, Thomas. Sermons, 1715-16.
Blesen, or Blesenis, Peter, d. about 1200? Arch-
deacon of Bath, afterwards of London, a native of Blois,
was a favourite with Henry II. of England. Opera, Paris,
1519. Auctiora, cum nutis, Paris, 1667, fo!. Paralipo-
mena Opernm, Col. Agr., 1624, Svo. Continuatio : Histo-
ria Ingulphi, Ac, Oxf., 1654?
Blessin^ton, Countess of, 1787-1849, was b. at
Kno(.kl>nt, Tipperary, Ireiiuid, the second daughter of
Edmund Power, Esq., of Carral>cen. At the age of fifteen
she married Captain Farmer of the 47th Regiment, R. A.
He died in 1817. Possessed of great personal beauty, and
highly accomplished, she did not long remain a widow,
and in 1818 was married to Charles John Gardiner, Earl
of Blessington. The Earl and Countess resided chiefly
on the Continent until the death of the former in 1829,
when she moved to London, and resided there, lirst in
Berkeley-Square, and subsequently at Gore House, until
1849, when she removed to Paris, where she died in the
same year. The marriage of her step-daughter. Lady
Harriet Anne Frances Gardiner, the only child of the Earl
of Blessington, to Count I>'Orsay, their separation, and
the subsequent family history, are no secrets either in the
Empire of Fashion or the Republic of Letters.
Lord Byron was a great admirer of Lady Blessington,
and her published Conversations with him was one of the
most poi)ular books of the day. Lady B.'s publications
are numerous :
The Magic Lantern. Sketches and Fragments. Tour
in the Netherlands. Conversations with Lord Byron. The
Repealers. The Victims of Society.
'• The Victims of Society, and The Kepealers. have found par-
ticular favour in the eyes of those whose range of reading is still
confined to the shelves of a circulating library." — Hunt's London
Journal.
The Two Friends. Meredith.
"The plot is one which must be read through to be appreciated;
and we take leave of Lady Blesfiington, knowing that the name
of her readers will be legion, and that they will find amplt amuse-
ment and interest in the clever and fanciful story of Meredith." —
London Court Journal, July S, 1843.
The Idler in Italy. The Idler in France.
" As Lady Blessington, during her residence in Paris, moved in
the most brilliant society in the French metropolis, ber Idler in
France, as may readily be imagined, is remarkably rich in pii|uant
anecdote. Exclusive of the large number of distinguished foreign-
ers who have a place in these volumes, her ladyship introduces the
reader to an assemblage, equally brilliant, of her own comp,atriots.
Among others, the Dukes of "Wellington and Hamilton ; the Ladies
Ilawarden, Combermere, Stuart de Kothsay, Lyndsay. and Dysart;
Lords Byron. Yarmouth. Lilfnrd. Lansdowne, Darnley, Charle-
mont, Stuart de Kothsay, Erskinr. (ll.MnIg, Rosslyn, .lohn Russell,
Allen, I'embroke. Paluierston. < a>;tlrn;i'^li. Cadogan,and Abinger;
8irs BobeitPeel. Francis liurdi-tf, Andii-w Barnard, "William Dinm-
mond, William li.ll: rMlimris E. Lygon, Leicester Stanhope, and
Caradoc; and IM.-^i^ ( h:irl.-s Mills. Douglas Kincaird, Standish,
Cuthbert, Disrai'H, W Mll^r Savage Laudor, Shelley, William Spen-
cer, Rogers, Luttrell. &c."
" In I'aris and Parisian society, Lady Blessington is quite at
home." — London Jthennnm.
*' A couple of delightful volumes, by the most delightful of fo>
male writers." — London We'-hty Chroyiicle.
The Governess. Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman.
''This is a most channinp volume — full of the nice feeling, the
keen perception, and the delicate mind of a woman. Certainly an
eldirly trentJcman. who has been in love six times, has done his
duty by tin- li-male sex ; but the six lovely faces collected by Parris
i|uit-> \\arrant the proceeding. Each face has its sepai'ate histoiy
dt-li'^'htfully done. The stories are singularly lively, and lighted
up by a myriad of observations either shrewd or touching." — Lon.
Lifi-rary Gaztfte.
'- This is much the best of Lady Blessington's fictions. It has
the consistency of an autobiography; and the reader will listen
with interest and curiosity till the Elderly Gentleman has nothing
more to confess. There is incident enough in each of his tales to
have furnished a three-volume novel. The two pathetic stories
relieve the livelier ones very happily; and we close the records of
his dreams and follies with a full conviction that the Elderly Gen-
tleman deserved his six disappointments." — Lon. Athenaum.
"These Confessions are sparkling in their execution, and like
all the novels of the accomplished writer, they are peculiarly
Ii'omans de S^iciif^ — the characters that moveand breathe through-
out them are the actual persnns nf the great world; and the re-
flections with which they abound bflnng to the philosophy of one
who has well examined the existing manners. Her portraiture of
familiar scenes, of every-day incidents, are matchless for truth and
grace." — lidinhurgh I!evv:w.
'■There are few fictions, though of thrice the exterior preten-
sions of these Confessions, that possess so much weight." — London
Monthly Bei-ifw.
Country Quarters. Marmaduke Herbert. Confessions of
an Elderly Lady.
" The Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman is a deservedly popu-
lar work", but its present companion is, we think, even superior.
The niceties of feminine perception: the workings of the female
heart: the innate feelings nnd educational restraints which control
and modify the passions of the sex, shape its actions, and form its
character, are all portrayed with striking fidelity. It is with
these sliirht shades, which, like the strong colours in man's life,
work out the destinies of woman, that Lady Blessington has painted
the portrait of her heroine, and illustrated every turn of her fate,
from over-induli^ed infancy to irribible and peevish age. The les-
son is a fine one; the incidents full of interest, and the denoue-
vient most skilful and admirable. Of axiomatic beauties, which
always distinguish productions of real talent and merit, there are
some s])arkling gems, which cast a brilliant light upon the fabric,
205
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and afTnrd a happy relief to the tissue of lores, and cares, and
hnpt^s. ;iii'-i (iisaiipnintuieiits. and sorrows. Parris's eif^ht portraits
are exi]uisitf : wt> know nut which is most lovely. '1 hey are. in-
deed, deliu'htful illustiatious of the story."'— i(W. Litn-ary Gazette.
" It forms a pendant to Confessions of an J'Hderly Gentleman,
by the same fair hand, and fully equals, if not exceeds, its prede-
cessor. There are a grace and elegance about both woriis which
cannot tail to attract and captivate." — Jolni Bull.
" A more perfect moral anatomization of the female heart has
seldom been exhibited in any work of fiction. The serious passages
are ajireeably relieved by some amusing sketches of the aristocra-
cy of by-gone times. . . . If the confessions of the ' Lady' do not ex-
hibit so much variety as those of the 'Gentleman,' they are infi-
nitely superior in the depth of their interest, and in the excelleuce
of the lessons they inculcate." — Morning Post.
" No actual confessions, whosoever theautobiographer might be,
ever interested us more; nor were any ever made that proffer a
finer and truer lesson to humanity, to women especially. Vanity
and pride in women were never laid bare by a firmer or gentler
hand. . . . Immeasurably superior to the Confessions of an Elder-
ly Gentleman.'' — Court Journal.
" The tale throughout is written with ease and elegance." —
Athena'um.
Desultory Thoughts and Reflections.
'• These terse and well-digested aphorisms are as remarkable for
their moral value as for their elegant and graceful setting." —
Gonxprvtitivfi Journal.
The Belle of a Season. Tour through the Netherlands
to Paris. Strathren. Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre.
The Lottery of Life, ami other tales.
" Lady Blessiiigton's book has lieen very pleasant reading to us.
It is gracefully written llirnii;ihnut, and with a lively power of
good-hearted ridicule. Lady lU(■s^illgton excels in what we may
call refined caricature, iu which a spirit of frolic and exaggeration
runs side by side with a cheerful fency, shrewd oltservation. and
humour both sharp and genial. These volumes will add to Lady
Blcs&ington's reputation, as a lively, acute, and agreeable writer.''
— Londoii Examiu':r.
Lady B. contributed many articles to the periodicals of
the day, and for 7 or 8 years edited The Keepsake and
The Gems of Beauty.
We present the reader with a full-length portrait of the
Countess of Blessington, drawn by the grajihic pencil of
an acquaintance of her ladyship — N. P. Willis, Esq., of
New York,
"The portrait of Lady Rlessington in the Book of Beauty is not
unlike her, but it is still an unfavourable likeness. A picture by
Sir Thomas I^awrence hung opposite me, taken, perhaps, at the
age of eighteen, which is more like her. and as captivating a re-
presentation of a just matured woman, full of loveliness and love,
the kind of creature with whose divine sweetness the gazei's heai-t
aches, as ever was drawn in the p.ainter"s most inspired hour.
The original is now (she confessed it very frankly) liirty. She
looks something on the sunny side of thirty. Her person is full,
but preserves all the fineness of an admirable shape; her fiwt is
not crowded in a satin slipper for which a Cinderella might be
looked for in vain, and her complexion (an unusually fair skin,
with very dark hair and eyebrows) is of even a gii-lisb delicacy
and freshness. Her dress of blue satin {if I am descriljiiig her like
a milliner, it is because I have here and there a rejider of the Mirror
in my eye who will be amused by it) was cut low, and fuldi'd
across her bosom, in a way to show to advantage the round and
sculpture-like curve and wiiiteness of a pair of exquisite shoulders,
■while her hair dressed close to her head, and parted simply on her
forehead with a rich feranUre of turquoise, enveloped in cle.ai
outline a head with which it would be difficult to find a fault.
Her features are regular, and her mouth, the most expressive of
them, has a ripe fulness and freedom of play, peculiar to the Irish
physiognomy, and expre.ssive of the most unsuspicious good hu-
mour. Add to all this a voice merry and sad by turns, but always
musical, and manners of the most unpretending elegance, yet even
more remarkable for their winning kindness, and you have the
most prominent traits of one of the most lovely and fascinating
women I have ever seen." — PcjtciHinffS by the Way.
We conclude with two opinions of rather a conflicting
character :
" Many things have contributed to raise her to her present po-
sition of polite letters, beyond the general merits of her works.
The charm of title, her indisputable taste in the tine arts, and,
above all. her beauty, have been all along so many assisting ex-
cellencies to support her literary reputation. . . . When a lady
condescends to write, whose equipage arrests the attention of the
thousands that throng daily the fashionable localities of London.
6hc is all the time, as her carriage rolls on from street to street,
creating a new class of readers. Struck with the appearance of her
equipage, they are anxious to ascertain hnw its owner looks, thinks,
acts, and writes; the circul.ating libraries gain new subscribers.
and Lady Blessington extends in this way the reputation of her
genius." — Hunt's London Journal.
Audi alteram partem :
" As an acute and brilliant delineator of the traits and foibles
of fashionable life. Lady Hlessington is unequalled. She draw
with a steady yet delicate hand the denizens of le tmui ofuifi
justly discriminating the various shades of character she h;is to
deal with; and presents. at last, a lively picture, replete willi strik-
ing contrast, yet exqiiisitely natural, of which we admire the exe-
cution, whilst we acknowledge the truth." — Omrt Journal.
For further information respecting her ladyship, we
must refer the reader to the following work, in II vols, dcmi
8vo, with portraits by R. J. Lane, Esq., A.R.A. : The
Literary Life aud Correspondence of the Couutx3ss of
206
BLI
Blc3'?ington ; compiled and edited by Dr. R. R. Madden,
author of The Lite of Savonarola, Travels in the East, &c.
Blewert, William, On Annuities^ Lon., 1783-92;
4th ed. ; Tables corrected by J. B. Brize, Lon., 1847.
Blewitt, J. The Organ Service of the United Church
of England and Ireland.
"Mr. Blewitt is entitled to the thanks of all young organists,
for the very clear and conspicuous manner in which he has led
them through the whole of the service; there is also displayed
considerable tast« in his delicate touches in the form of voluntary,
upon the swell, in his interludes," &c.—lIarvionicon.
Blewitt, Octavius, Secretary of Literary Fund, Lon-
don, author of a vol. of Poems, Panorama of Torquay, 12mo,
aud Hand-Book for Southern Italy. (Murray's,) 1S53.
Blewitt, R. J. The Court of Chancery ; a Satirical
Poem.
'• The object of this book is to embody, in immortal verse, the
reflections of the author on every thing connected with Chancery.
'The volume contains some very clever hits at several members
of the English bench and bar. with a pretty large share of abuse
and venom. The author, whoever he may be, is shooting masked,
Blewitt being an assumed name.' *" '
Blick, F. Sermon, Buckingham, 1791, 8vo.
Blicke, Sir Charles, Knt., Surgeon to St. Bartho-
lomew's Hospitnl, London. An Essay on the Yellow
Fever of Januuca, collected from the MSS. of a late Sur-
geon, Lon., 1772, 8vo.
Bli^h, Arthur. Poetical works, 1806.
Bligh, Michael. Church of God, 1765. 8vo.
Bligh, Richard. Reports and Legal treatises, Lon.,
1821. &c. Mr. Bligh's Reports of Cases heard in the House
of Lords are in continuation of those by Mr. Dow, 10 vols.
Bligh, William. A Narrative of the Mutiny on
Board IL M. Ship Bounty, Lon., 1790, 4to. This was
trans, into French : it was incorporated by Bligh in A
Voyage to the South Sea. Lon., 1792, 4to. In 1794 ho
pub. Answers to Mr. E. Christian's A.'^sertions relative to
the Trial of the Mutineers of the Bounty. This interest-
ing story — the Mutiny on the Bounty — is well known.
Blind Harry. See Henry the Minstrel.
Bliiiman, Richard, first minister of New London,
Connecticut, n native of Great Britain, arrived in America
in 1642. He pub. A Rejoynder lo Mr. Henry Danvers his
brief friendly reply to my answer about Infant Baptism,
Lon., 1675, 24mo.
Bliiishall, James, D.D. Evidence of the futuro
Publieation of the (Jospcl to all Nations, with an Account
of the Soc. 8cot. Prop. Chr. Knowledge, Edin., 1780^ 8vo.
Bliss, Anthony. A Sermon, 1725. 8vo.
Bliss, (-eorge. The obligatory Nature of the Sacra-
ments, or Strictures on Mr. Gurney's Remarks, Lou., 1826,
12nio. Notes on the New Testament, &c.
Bliss, John. Mineral Waters of Hampstead, Ac,
1802.
Bliss, Nathaniel. Bradley's Astronomical Observa^
tions, with a Continuation, Oxf., 1789-1805, 2 vols. foL
Astronom. Pajiers in Phil. Trans., 1761, 4to.
Bliss, Philip, D.D., D.C.L., Ac, 178S-1857, b. in
Gloucester co., Eug., Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford,
edited Earle's Micro-Cosmography, with Notes, Lon., 1809,
Svo; Aubrey's Lives of Eminent Men, trans, from the
original MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum, — forming a
portion of the work known as the Letters from the Bod-
leian, 1813, 3 vols. Svo ; Bibliographical Miscellanies, 1813,
thin 4to: 104 copies printed. He rcpub. two ...Id plays ;
ed. Henshaw's Meditations, 1841. 12mo ; Historical Papers,
printed from the collection in his own library, 1S46; ed.
for the Ecclesiastical Historical Society The Life of An-
thony a AVood, which was intended to form the first voL
of a new edition of Athcn. Oxon., 1848 ; Catalogue of Ox-
ford Graduates from 1649 to 1850, 1851. Svo j Reliquiae
Hearniauic : extracted from the Diaries of Thomas Hearne,
1857, 2 vols. Svo. This work was commenced, and be-
tween 500 and 600 pages were printed, more than forty
years before it was published. The entire edition of 150
copies on small and 50 copies on large paper were sold in
six weeks after publication. Dr. B. deserves enduring
honours for his invaluable edition of Wood's Athenae
Oxoniensis. Lon.. 1813-20, 4 vols. 4to, which we shall
notice in our article Wood, Anthony, q. i\ Dr. Dibdin
handsomely acknowledges his obligations to him, and
these pages attest ours :
'- My friend the Rev. Dr. Bliss, of the Bodleian Library, has ena-
bled me to enrich these pa^es not only by the examination of
nianv treasures in that wonderful repository, but by the loan of
his work (not vet published) of the Beliquire Ilearniana-. The
pa"cs of his Athena' Oxoniensis h.avebeen also at times snipuKtrly
useful . . - If the Athemp Oxoniensis be 'thrice welrnme, in any
sbape it is 71IW times welcome in the receut impression just al-
luded to! fur more care, attention, accuracy, aud valuable enUrge-
BLI
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ment. from an inexhaustible stock of materials, (some of them con-
temporaneous.) haa rarely been witnessed than in the editorial la-
bours of Dr. Bliss upon tlie text of his beloved Anthony Wood." —
Library Onitpaniim.
'•The recent edition of Wood's Athenje Oxoniensis haa furnished
nie with too many valuable notices not to merit my best acknow-
ledgment, and not to justify me in predicting for the editor of it
that station in the temple of future Oxford Worthie« to wliich his
labours so fairly entitle him." — I'lfpogmpldcal Antiquities.
Bliss, Thomas. Joseph a Tvpe of Christ, 1769, 8vo.
Blith, BIythe, or Blyth, VValter. English Im-
prover, or a new Survey of Husbandry, Ac, Lon., 164:9,
4to ; iniprmrd 1652, 4to ; against Hartlib.
"The \vrHiii;,',s of Blyth contain a great deal of sound sense,
and not bailly expressed, on almost every bianch of husbandry.
His principles are very correct, and he seems to have ent^,■rtained
the tirst systfuiatif conceptions of the benefits that would attend
the alternate husbandry." — Donaldsmi^s Agricnlt.. Binfj.
" A well-kni'wn and very ingenious work.*' — Lnn. Qitar. Review.
Blithe, Nath. Expl. C. Catechism, Lon., 1674, 8vo.
Blizavd, Thomas, 1722-is;i8, was educated profes-
sionally under his cousin, Sir William BUzard. Med.
Con. to Phil. Tn.ns., 1805; Med. Chir. Trans., 1809.
Blizard, Sir William, Knt., cousin of the above,
1743-ls;:!.'), an eminent English surgeon, in conjunction
with Dr. Rolicrt Maelaurin, established in 17S5 the first
regular school of medical science in connexion with the
English Hospital. He was twice President of the Royal
College of Surgeons, and in 1810 wns knighted by George
III. Lectures on the large Blood Vessels of the Extremi-
ties Lon.. 178G, 8vo: 3d edit., 1798. Sugge.'^tions for the
Improvement of Hospitals, and other Charitable Institu-
tions, Lon., 1796, 8vo; trans, into German.. A New
Method of treating the Fistula Lachrymalis, Lon., 1780,
4to. Of the Expediency and Utility of Teaching the
several Brimcbes of Physic and Surgery by Lectures at
the London Hospital. Lon., 1783, 4to. On the Dnnger of
Copper and Bell Metal in Pharmaceutical and Chemical
Preparations, Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Blodget, Lorin, Sec. to the Philadelphia Board of
Trade. Climatology of the United States, and of the Tem-
perate Latitudes of the North American Continent, em-
bracing a full comjiarison of these with the Climatology
of the Tcmjicrate Latitudes of Europe and Asia; with
Isothermal and Rain Charts, including a Summary of Me-
teorological Observations in the United States, condensed
from recent scientific and official publicatinn.s, Phila., 1857,
8vo. This work has been highly eulogi/.cd by Baron Hum-
boldt and hy other eminent scientific luilhurilics.
Ulomhery, W. N. Life, &c. of E. Dickinson, M.D.,
Lon., 1709, 8vo.
Blomo, Richard. A Gcograpb. Descrip. of the 4
parts of the Wi.rbl, Lon., 1070. fid. Descrip. of Jamaica,
Lon., 1672, 12mo. Britannia. Lou., 1673, fob
" A mnst entire piece of theft out of Camden and Speed." — Bp.
NiCOLSON.
'' Scribbled and transcribed from Cambden's Britannia and
Speed's Maps," — Wood.
Art of Heraldry, 1685, 8vo. English Acquisitions in
Guinea, &c.. 1686, 12mo. An Entire Body of Philosophy,
(tc, trans, from the Latin, 1691, fob This curious work
contains dissertations on Denionology; of Created Spirits
of the World and Heaven ; the want of sense in Brute
Animals, &c. Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., 1710, fob
•' This person Bloomo is esteemed bv the rhii'fest heralds a most
Impudent person; . . . he gets a livelihood by bold practices: . . .
ori;.:inally a ruler of books and paper, who i);ith since practised,
for divers years, pro'xixinj^ trioks in employiii;^ necessitous persons
to write in several arts." — Wnori.
Blomefield, Rev. Francis. History of Thetford,
Fcrsfield, 1739, 4to. Collectanea Cautabrigieusia, Nor-
wich, 1750, 4to. Essay towards a Topographical History
of the County of Norfolk. When Mr. B. had reached p.
678, vol. iii., he died; the Rev. Charles Parkin continued
the work, but also died before it was brought to a close :
it was completed by Mr. Whittingham, Fersfield, &c.,
1739-73, 5 vols. fob. Lon., 1805-10; r. Svo, 11 vols., pub.
at £9 18^.: 1. p. in 4to. £23 ■is.
Blomer, Ralph, D.D. Sermons, 1710, '12, *16, '30.
Blomfield, Barrinston. Sermon, 1728, 8vo.
Blomfield, Rt. Rev. Charles James, Bishop of
London, 17S6-1857,waseducatedat Trinity College, Cam-
bridge: ho was third wrangler and senior medallist in
1808, and subsequently a Fellow of his College. He was
successively Archdeacon of Colchester, in Kent, and Rector
of St. Bartolph's, Bishopgate, London; was consecrated
Bishop of Chester in 1824, and translated to London in
1828. His Lordshi]i's reputation as a clas.sical scholar,
founded upon his editions of jEschylus and Callimaehus,
his contributions to the Museum Criticum, Ac, is too well
established to render it necessary to dwell upon the sub-
ject here. It is to be regretted that the Museum Criticum,
which contains so many noble monuments of British Clas-
sical learuing — the results of the erudite investigations of
Maltby, Monk, Elmsley, Burney, Hare, the Blomtields,
Ac. — should have become so scarce that but few can
profit by its precious pages. Bishop Blomfield favoured
the world with several other publications. A Dissertation
upon the Traditional knowledge of a Promised Redeemer,
which subsisted before the Advent of our Saviour, Cam-
bridge, 1819, 8vo. Five Lectures on the Gospel of St.
John, as bearing Testimony to the Divinity of Jesus
Christ, Lon., 1823, 12mo.
"A familiar elucidation of that particular branch of the demon-
stration which consists iu the testimony of the beloved disi-iple."
Twelve Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon.,
1829, 8vo.
" Very valuable lectures." — T. H. ITorne.
" Strength of mind, perspicuity of diction, depth of reflection, and
piety of sentiment, are discernible throughout." — Chris. Jif-m^mb.
To the above work is annexed a new edition of the Lec-
tures on St. John, and in the appendix will be found Dr.
Tucker's Brief and Dispassionate View of the Difficulties
attending the Trinitarian, Arian, and Sociuiau Systems.
A Letter on the Present Neglect of the Lord's Day, Ad-
dressed to the Inhabitants of London and Westminster,
Lou., 1830, 8vo. Manual of Family Prayers, 18mo. Private
Devotion, ISmo. Sermon at St. Botolph's, Bishopgate, Svo.
See Bishop Blomfield and his Times, a Historical Sketch
by Rev. George Edward Biber, LL.D.
'• The author had uuusual advantages for noting many of the
leading events as they occurred, and has made full use of his note-
book."— Lon. Gtnt. Mag., Sept. 1S57.
Blomfield, E. V., 1788-1816, brother of the above,
Fellow and Tutor of Emanuel College, Cambridge. A
trans, of Augustus Matthias's Greek Grammar, Cambridge
University Press, 2 vols. 8vo: 5th edit, revised by Kenrick.
"This edition of IVIatthia-'s tJreek Grammar exhibits the most
complete system of grammatical rules and examples that has yet
been given to the world.''
7th edit, abridged, revised by Edwards, 1 vob 12mo.
"The editor has endeavoured to substitute shorter and more
simple definitions and explanations than those which are contained
in the original work." — Bl.-rriOP of London : C J. Blomjield's Preface.
E. V. B. contemplated a trans, of Schneider's and Pas-
sow's lexicons, and he contributed some papers to the
Muj^cum Criticum.
Blomli<-UU George Becher. Sermons adapted to
Country Congregations, Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Bloiidel, James A., M.D., d. about 1734, wrote a
professiniiai woik (1729, Svo) in answer to the statements
of I>r. Daniel Tower.
Bloom, J. H. Notices of the Cnstle and Priory at
Castleacrc, Lon., r. Svo. Pulpit Oratory in the Times of
James I., Lon., 1831, 8vo.
"These sermons are quite curiosities, and well worth a perusal
for the originality, quaiutness. and learning which they embody,
in aibUtinii to si>und ihurch priiu-iples." — Church Magazine.
Bloomfield, Ezekiel. Lectures on the Philosophy
of History, with Notes and Engravings, Lon., 1820, 4to.
Bloomfield, Nathaniel, brother of Robert Bloom-
field. An Essay on AVar, in blnnk verse. Honington
Green, a Ballad. The Culprit, an Elegy; and other
Poems, 1803, 12mo.
Nathaniel had the honour of a lash from Lord Byron:
" If Phoebus smiled on you,
Rloomfield! why not on brother Nathan too?
Ilim too the Mania, not the Muse, has seized;
Not inspiration, but a mind diseased :
And now no boor can seek his last abode.
No rommon be inclosed, without an ode."
** 8pe Natlruiii'I Itlmiinfipld's ode. elegy, or whatsoever he or any
one els" cbMMscs to ciU if. on the indosure of Honington Green."
i — Fv'jiish B.inhinul S,olr!i Remewers.
I Bloomfield, Robert, 1766-1823, a native of Hon-
' ingtnn, in Sutb>lk, was the youngest son of a tailor, who
[ died before Robert was a year old, leaving a widow with
six children. Robert was placed in charge of bis brother
George in London, to learn the mystery of shoe-making.
, A knowledge of reading and writing was about all he ac-
! quired during the few months he was sent to school. By
. the kindness of his brother George and an acquaintance
I named Fawcett. he was furnished wilh a number of books,
— a History of England, British Traveller, a Geography,
Paradise Lost, the Seasons, Ac. This last work so en-
chanted him that for some time he spent all his leisure
hours in its perusal. Whilst working with six or seven
other men in a garret, ho composed mentally, arranged
and rearranged, his poem of the Farmer's Boy, without
committing a line to paper. When able to procure paper
he had, as he remarks, "nothing to do but to write it down."
The poem was ofifered to several publishers without sue-
BLO
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but Bloomfield found a warm friend in Capel Lofft, ] favoured the public with several very valuable works.
who took measures to have it printed. Its success was so
great that 26,000 copies were sold in three years. In the
next year an edition was pub. at Leipsic ; a trans, into the
French, Le Valet du Fermier, appeared in Paris; a trans,
into Italian was pub, in Milan, and the Rev. W. Clubbe
produced Agricolie Pucr, in Latin verse. The other publi-
cations of Bloomfield were, Rural Tales, Ballads, and
Songs, Lon., 1802, 8vo ; Good Tidings, or News from the
Farm, 1804, 4to; Wild Flowers, 1806, ISmo; Banks of the
Wye. 1811; Works, 2 vols.. 1814, 18mo; May Day with
the Muses, 1822, 12mo. His Remains in Poetry and
Verse, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1S24. Our author, in con-
sequence of imprudent liberality to poor relations, and of
an unfortunate adventure in the book business, lived in
poverty, and died some £200 in debt, leaving a widow and
four children.
Few compositions in the English language have been so
generally admired as The Farmer's Boy. Those who agreed
in but little else in literary matters were unanimous in the
commendation of the poetical powers displayed by the pea-
sant and journeyman mechanic. When Lord Byron, in
revenge for a deserved flagellation at the hands of Jeffrey,
undertook, with that mixture of arrogance and petty malice
which were his distinguishing characteristics, to turn the
literary corps into the subjects of a general whipping-
Echuol, he does not forget the author of the Farmer's Boy :
" Hear then, ye happy sous of needless trade!
Swains quit the plough, resign the useless spade:
Lo! Burns and Bloomfield, nay, a greater far,
Gifford, was born beneath an adverse star,
Forsook the labours of a servile state,
Stemm'd the rude storm, and triuuiph'd over Fate." —
English Bards and Scotdt Itevieions. See Bloomfield. Nathaniei,.
Among the eulogists of Bloomfield have been Parr,
Southcy, Aiken, Watson, Montgomery, Dr. Drake, and Sir
Egerton Brydges. We quote some opinions :
- Such indeed are the merits of this work, [The Farmer's Boy,]
that, in true pastoral imagery and simplicity. I do not think any
production can be put in competition with it since the days of
Theocritus. To that charmin'r rusticity which particularizes the
Grecian, are added the individuality, fidelity, and boldness of
description which render Thomson so interesting to the lovers of
Kature."~DB. Natha:^ Drake: Literary Hours.
'•Flowing numbers, feeling piety, imagery and animation, a
taste for the picturesiiue, force of thought, and a true sense of the
natural and pathetic,"
Mr. LofFt considers to be the common characteristics of
Thomson's Seasons and Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy. He
does not perceive any other resemblance, as some profess
to do.
" 3Ir. Bloomfield, on the publication of The Farmer's Boy, was
looked on as a poetical prodigy, and not without reason. For he
shewed in that poem a very tine feeling for the beauties and the
occupations of the country. ... It is most agreeable to read his
unlaboured descriptions o'f ploughing, and sowing, and reaping,
and sheaf-binding, and compunctious shooting of rooks. . . . The
Farmer's Boy is by far the best written, as to style and composi-
tion, of any work of our uneducated poets. The melody of the
versification is often exceedingly beautiful. . . . The Kural Tales
were many of them very good. . . . The descriptinn of the Blind
Boy [in the News from the Farm] is wurtby nf being inserted
among the Flowers of English Poetry: grai. ful. .b-L^ant. and most
deeply affecting, even to tears."— B^(c;ri(">r>rf'.v M-i[;., 1^22.
"The Poem certainly discovers very cb-arly the powers of natural,
unaffected genius." — Lon. M"n(hli/ J^encw.
'■ We are here called away from our abstruser studies by these
productions of a genuine child of nature. In Bloomfield's first
poem. The Farmer's Boy, we saw and commended the evidence of
an original genius, well deserving of encouragement and cultiva-
tion. With The Farmei-'s Boy we were highly pleased, because it
showed, in the most striking manner, the natural movements of
an ingenuous mind; but we hesitate not to declare ourselves still
more satisfied with the present volume." [l^^''^! Tales, Ballads,
and Sondes.]— Bi-itiah Critic.
The Anti-Jacobin and Critical Review also highly com-
mend the Rural Talcs, &c. :
"We now hail, with increased satisfaction, the more matured
flights of his well-fostered imagination."— -iJi/tV^co/jm.
-■ We hope and believe that the success of this volume will equal
that of The Farmer's Boy : as we are sure that its merits are not
inferior." — Critical Rei'i'rw.
As we commenced the quotation of opinions by a poeti-
cal sneer of Lord Byron's, we shall conclude with some
Btanzas which are much more creditable to their author:
" It is not quaint and local terms
Besprinkled o'er thy rustic lay,
Though well such dialect confirms
Its power unletter'd minds to sway;
But 'tis not these that most display
Thy Kwi'itest ch.irms, thy gentlest thrall;—
Words, phrases, fishions pass away.
But Truth and Nature live through all."
Trihitte in ihf Mfinnry of Rnhrrt Bloiimjield. by Bernard Barton.
Bloomfield, S. T., of Sidney College, Cambridge,
B.D., Vicar of Bisbrook. This distinguished scholar has
R^censio synoptica annotationis sacrce ; being a critical
digest and synoptical arrangement of the most important
annotations on the New Testament, exegetical, philo-
logical, and doctrinal, from the best commentators, 8 vols.
8vo, Lon., 1826.
"The leading feature of this work is the incorporation of the
whole of the exegetical and philological Annotations of Wetstein,
with a great quantity of biblical erudition, extracted from other
valuable sources. It would be impossible to convey to our readers
an adequate idea of the mass of information which the learned
author has brought to bear upon the numerous passages which he
has undertaken to illustrate; and we can safely say, that in the
portion of the New Testament which this part of the work em-
braces— the Four Gospels — the inquirer will find very few, of
which Mr. Bloomfield has not given a complete and satisfactory
exposition."— (?^/ar^:Wy Tfh'nhigical Rev,, S'pt. 1S26.
" There is scarcely a single p.assage which is not elucidated.
Altogether this is one of the most important works in s,acred lite-
rature which has ever been offered to the attention of the Bible
student."— IloRNE.
Epitome Evangelica, 18rao. The following work is indeed
invaluable. Ureek-and-English Lexicon of the New
Testament, by E. Robinson, D.D., Professor of Biblical
Literature in the Theological Seminary. New York ; edited,
with careful revision, corrections, and occasional additions,
and a Preface by S. T. B., 1 vol. 8vo.
"We consider it the best lexicon of the Greek Testament that
is extant. I)r. Bloomfield has proved himself an indefatigable
scholar, and his edition deserves unbounded success."— C.'iurcA
of En a- Quarterly Bfvifw.
■' It must prove of great value and advantage to every Clerical
student who is wise enough to procure H."~Brit. Critic and Quar-
krli/ Theohigicul Review.
Greek and Eng. Lexicon to the N. Test, j 2d edit, greatly
enlarged and considerably improved.
"In preparing this new edition for the press, besides availing
himself of every critical aid to which he could obtain access, Dr.
Bloomfield has completely re-cast— we might perhaps say, almost
re-written- the work. At least one-sixth of new matter has been
added. The etymological department of the work has been much
improved. In 'the mure important words of the New Testament,
instead of bare references, which he had before given, the words
themselves are now added, insomuch that the work in its present
state may, in most cases, serve as a concordance to the Greek Tes-
tament. ' Great additional pains have been bestowed in collecting
from the Septuagint. and from the learned .Tewish-Greek writers,
Philoand Josephus, whatever Is most adapted to illustrate the;j€-
cidiar idirms of the New Testament. We regard this as a capital
improvement. The typographical arrangement of the pages is also
greatly improved. Altogether, this is confessedly the most useful,
as it is thecheapest, Lexicon to the Greek Testament extant in our
language."— tViwrcA of England Quarterly Review.
Lexilogus Seholasticus, ISmo- Trans, of Thucydidcs, 3
vols. Svo. 1829.
" By far the best translation of Thucydides. The Notes are a
treasury of Erudition." — ClussiculJournal
" In the Notes by this Translator, numerous interesting points
of Classical Antifiuities are ably discussed, and many thousands of
invaluable illustrations of the "obscure passages of the Author are
adduced from the best Greek writers of every age. As to the Ver-
sion, considerinir the jiU but insuperable difficulties with which the
Translator has Vidd tn contend, in a writer said by some great scho-
lars to be »»/n'H,s7('/.iWe, we can with truth say that he has executed
his task with fidelity, taste, and judgment. Upon the whole, we
can pronounce the work to be quite indispensable to all who would
hope to understand the text of the greatest of historiayis, but most
obscure of writers." — Z/on. Gentleman's Magazine.
" A version as literal and as perspicuous as erudition and indus-
try combined can render it." — Echctic Revieiv.
The Greek Testament, with English Notes, Critical, Phi-
lological, and Explanatory, Ac, 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 18:^2;
2d ed., 18.36 j 3d, 1839 ; 4th, 1841. The 2d ed. was enlarged
from the 1st, and the 3d upon the 2d; the 4th is almost
exactly the same as the 3d; 9th ed., 1856, 2 vols. Svo,
" Upon the whole, without depreciating the merit of the labours
of precedins editors. Ibis third .-dition of the Greek Test.ament, by
Dr. Bloomfield. mav iustlv be re^'arded as the most, valuable for
biblical students that has yet been issued from the press in this
country."— Home's Jntroduc; which see for copious notices of Dr.
B.'s labours.
" Invaluable to all those whose profession requires, or whose lei-
sure admits of, a critical study of the sacred writings. Dr. B. has
deserved well both of the Church and of the Christian world, and
has fairly earned the highest remuneration which the dispensers
of ecclesiastical patronage have to bestow." — Eclectic Revieto.
College and School Greek Testament, with English
Notes, 12mo.
"This edition of the Greek Testament supplies a desideratum in
scholastic literature. The notes (which are strictly grammatical,
scholastic, and elementarv) furnish to the juvenile student every
requisite aid for the correct interpretation of the New Testament.
The volume is as cheapas it is beautifully and accurately printed.
— Christian Ri^iemhranrer. . m *
"It certainly, as a manual, has great advantage over the Testa-
ments of liartiv and Valpv."— C/mrc/i of Eng. Quarterly Revieiv.
" Dr. Bloomfield's New Test.ament for the use of Schools. Lecture-
rooms, Colleges, &c.. is an invaluable work; the notes and critical
appar.itus being in general constructed with great labour for the
present edition.
BLO
BLO
"It is Impnssililc fn say how f;ir tin* puhlic are indebted to Br.
Bloomfield fur tlnst- Ialn.urs "f liis imliistrious pen; they will carry
down his naiiii' with thi- hii;hi'st bnimur to posterity." — Evangdi-
cal Mag., N-n\ I.
Bloomfield, William. BloomfieM's Blossoms, or the
Camp of Philosophy. Vi<U' Ashniule, Theat. Chem., p. 305.
Blore, Edward. Mouumental Keniaius of noble and
eminent Persons, ti parts, r. 4to, pub. at £6; India proofs,
£9, Lou., 1826.
Qmtenls.—Q.neen Eleanor; Baron Fitzalan; Karl of Pemliroke;
Sir J. Douglas : iJervase Alard. Admiral of ( he Cinquo Ports ; Queen
Philippa; Karl of Waiwirk : Edward Prince of Wales; Kin<; Ed-
ward III.; T. Ilatliilii. llishup of Durham; William of Wykham;
John GowLT (///'■ iVic/); Kinii; Henry IV. and his Queen; Earl of
Arundtd; Earl of \V<stiiiun-land; Earl of Douglas; DukeofSomer-
set; Duke of Glnui-i'stei-; Sir John Spencer; Archbishops Warham
and Peckham; rnuntiss -jf Salisbury; and Sir Anthnuy lJro\yne.
" This int«?resting production is among; the number now publish-
ing, which do credit to the tast« and judgmt-nt of the country by
their object, and to the Arts by their style and execution." — Lon.
Literary Gmett-'.
"A beautiful, and, indeed, captivating performance. The en-
gravings, in the lino manner, are from the faithful pencil, and in
part from the burin, of Mr. Blore; and more brilliant, or rather
charaat^risttc, perfoi niances have never yet been witnes^;ed. The
proof impressions, on India paper, have a fascinating effect; but
the critical antiquary will be equally well pleased with the ordi-
nary copies." — DiUlin's Library Gmipatiioii.
Blore, Thomas. Hl.^nry and Antiquities of the
County of Rutland, vol. i. part 2 ; all jiub.,containin,^' the
East Hundred and Casterton Parva, fol.. Stamford, ISII.
"This work merits great praise-, and deservedly ranks very high
among such publications." — Lowni'ES.
Statement of Currcsp. with Sir R. Philips, 1807, Svo.
History of the Manor and Manor House of South Wiufield,
in Derbyshire, Lon., 1793, -Ito. No, iii. of the Miscell. An-
tiquities in continuation of the Bibl. Topogr. Brtt., Lon.,
1793, 4to. Account of the Public Schools, Hospitals, and
other Charitable Foundations, in the Borough of Stiimford,
1813. Svo.
Blount, Charles, 1654r-l 693, son of Sir Henry Blount,
and descended from Sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity
College, Oxford, was born at his grandfather's residence at
Upper Holloway, Middlesex. Anima Mundi, Lon.. 1079,
Svo. The tendency of this piece is deistical. The Two
Books of Philostratus, of the Life of ApoUonius Tyanceus,
from the Greek, Lou., 1680, fol. Trans, into French, Ber-
lin, 1775, 4 vols. Svo.
" This piece was published with the design to invalidat* the tes-
timony of the Evangelists concerning the Miracles, &c. A few
copies only were dispersed before the work was suppressed." — Da.
A. Clarke.
" Ilis life is related in so fabulous a manner by his disciples that
we are at a loss to discover whether he was a sage, an impostor, or
a fanatic." — Gibbon.
Great is Diana of the Ephesians, Lon., 1630. Svo. Also
of a deistical tendency. Janus Scientiarum, Lon., 1684,
Svo. William and Mary Conquerors, 1693, 4to. A curious
pamphlet, well meant, but not relished by Parliament, Avho
ordered it to be burnt. Mr. Blount was married at 18; on
the death of his wife he offered marriage to her sister, which
was declined from conscientious scruples. Having no reli-
gious principle to enable him to bear disappointment, this
foolish man shot himself through the head in 1693. After
his death Mr. Gildon, also a disciple of infidelity, pub.
many of Blount's letters in a work called The Oracles of
Reason. (Oracles of Folly would have been the proper
title.) These precious relics of credulity^for nothing is
so credulous as infidelity — were afterwards pub., together
with some of the author's pieces, in 1690, Svo, under the
title of The Miscellaneous Works of Charles Blount, Esq.
Gildon justified his friend in blowing out bis brains, and
promised that he would blow his own out at some future
convenient time ; but whether a '' return of non est inventus'*
rendered this impossible, or some other good reason pre-
vented, we are not told. Certain it is that he condescended
to live till his time ran out. Dr. Nichols took Blount to
task in his Conference with a Thcist; see also Leland's
Deistical Writers; Mosheim's History; and Bishop Van
Milderl's Boyle's Lectures.
Blouut, Edward. Historic of the Vniting of the
Kingdom of Portugall to the Crowno of Castill, Ac, trans,
from Jerome Conestagio, Lon., 1600, 4to. The Hospitall
of incurable Fooles, trans, from the Italian of Th. Garzoui,
Lon., 1600, 4to. 5th and 7th edits, of Earle's Micro-Cos-
mography, Lon., 1629, 1638; both 16mo. Ars Aulica, the
Courtier's Art, Lon., 1607, 12mo. Horse Subsecivte. Ob-
servations and Discourses, Lon., 1626, Svo. Christian
Policy.
Blount, Sir Henry, 1 602-1 682, father of Charles and
Sir Thomas Pupe Blount, was of the jincient family of the
Blounts of Sodington, in Worcestershire. lu 1616 ho was
11
entered a gentleman commoUL-r in Trinity College, Oxford,
founded by his ancestor. Sir Thomas Pope. After travel-
ling for nearly two years, he pub. in 1036, Lon., 4to, A
Voyage into the Levant, being a brief relation of a Journey
lately performed from England by the Way of Venice, into
Dalmatia, Sclavonia, Bosnia, Hungary, Macedonia, Thea-
saly, Thrace, Rhodes, and Egypt, and to Grand Cairo:
with particular observations concerning the modern condi-
tion of the Turks, and other pcnple under that Empire.
This work was so popular that several editions were speedily
disposed of, and it was trans, into French and Dutch; 2d
edit., Lon., 1637, 4to ; 3d edit.. 1638, 4toj again pub. in
1650 and 1669, 12mo; Sth edit, also 12mo. See Osborne's
Voyages, vol. i. p. 511, 1745; also Pinkcrton's Voyages and
Travels, lSOS-13.
" Blount's Travels to the Levant is a very short account of a
journey through Dalm.atia. &c. ; the whole vers' concis--.. nod ^vlth-
out any curious observations, or any notable descriptiuus. His
account of the religious and customsofthu.se people is only a brief
collection of some other travellers: the language mean, and not all
of it to be relied on, if we credit cithers who have writ better." —
Litroduc. to OaircliUrs Cdhc. ■>/ Voj/agca and Travels.
*' The VoyaL'i- iiitu tin- Lev;Lrit is the voyage of a Skeptic; it has
more of the iihiinsophiT tb.in thti traveller, and would, probably,
never have W-i\\ written but fur the purpose of insinuating his
religious sentiments. Yet his retlections are so striking and origi-
nal, and so artfully interwoven with the thread of bis adventures,
that they enliven instead of embarrassing the narrative. He has
the plausible art of coluuring his paradorc with the re.semblance of
truth. So little penetration had the orthodox court of I'hiirles the
First, that mere! ,' on the merit of this book, he was appointed one
of the bandof gei.tleman pensioners.'" — Warloii's Li/kh/ Sir Thomas
Piypp.
Sir Henry wrote an Epistle in Praise of Tobacco and
Coffee, profi.veu to a little treatise entitled Organon Salutis,
written by W. raimsoy, Esq., 1657, 59, 64, 12mo. A Satire
entitled The Exchange Walk, pub. in 1C47, was written by
Blount,
" As I have been infi-rmed by some of his relations, tho'his sons
know nothing of it.'" — Wood.
However this may be. Wood certainly errs (according to
Dr. Bliss) in stating that Sir Henry pub. John Lillie's Six
Comedies, Lon., 1632, Svo.
" They were published by Kdward Ulount. the bookseller, one ot
the proprietors of the first edition of the plays of i^hakspeare."
Though Dr. Bliss made this correction in 1813, the error
has been handed down in our latest works. But such im-
perfection must be, and doubtle.'^.s we have our full share.
In the Oracles of Reason, (sec Blount, CHAnr.ES,) will be
found a Latin fragment by Sir Henry, which shows that
the skeptical opinions of Charles Bbiunt were certainly not
likely to be rectified by the unsound sentiments of his
father. Of solid judgment there would seem to have been
a sad deficiency in bnth.
Blount, J., Surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1792.
Blount, John, in Latin. Bloudus, a divine of the
13th century, was educated at the Universities of Oxford
and Paris. He has the credit of being the first that lec-
tured on Aristotle, both in Paris and Oxford. — Wood's
Annals. He was Prebendary and Chancellor in the Church
of York, and in 1232 was elected Archbishop of Canter-
bury, by the chapter. The pope, however, declared the
election void; the secret objection Bale considers to have
been that Blount
■■ Was more learned than that court wished an archbishop to be."
As an author Blount was very famous. It is doubtful if
any of his works are extant. Bale mentions Snmmarium
Sacra; Facultatus, lib. i., Disceptatlones aliquot, lib. i.,
and several Commentaries on the Scri[dures. — Ltlitnd ;
Bale; Pi'fi ; Wood'n Annals, bt/ Gntrh, li'c.
" He was celebi-ated by bis coutt-niporariL'S for the elegance of his
style. and ("T the extL-nsivfiiess nf his learning. John lioss speaks
of him as a prudi-^'y of tTuditinn."'
Blount, Thomas, 1018-1679, a native of Bardesley
in Worcestershire, entered htm.'-.elf of the Middle Temple,
and was admitted to the Bar.
"Of a noble and antient family of bis name, but never advan-
taged in learning by the help of an university, [he was a It. Catho-
lic,] only his own and industry, together witli the helps of his scho-
lastical acquaintance." — Wood.
His publications were numerous. The Art of making
Devises, trans, from Henry Estienne, Lon., 1646, 4to; again
enlarged, 1650, 4to. Acaderaie of Eloquence, 1654, 12mo.
Glossographia, Lon., 1656, *70, '71, *79, "91, Svo; en-
larged by W. Nelson, 1717, fol. This is a dictionary of
obscure legal terms. He presented Anthony Wood with
a copy of it:
" Keceiv'd from Tho. Blount, of the Inner Temple. Esq., a book
of his writing, Ac. . . . This book he gave A. W. because he had,
in his great reading, collected some cild words for his use, which
were remitted therein. Afterwards sending to him more, they were
remitted into the second edition of that book." — Jtlitn. Oj-tm ; Life.
This 2d edit, was pub. 1670. The Lamps of the Law,
2uy
BLO
and the laghts of the Gospel. Lon., 1658, 8vo. A Perli-
gree of the Blounts, printed in Peachman's Complete Gen-
tleman, 1661. Boseoliol, or the Cumpleat History of his
Sacred Majesties most Miraculous Preservation alter the
Battle of Worcester, .3d Sep., 1651, in two parts; 1st part,
Lon.. 1660, 12mo. Collection of the Statutes concerning
Bankrupts, with the Resolutions of the Judges upon the
same. Lon., 1670, 8vo. In 1673 he pub. a criticism upon
Phillips's NewWorld of Words, and in 1672 Animadver-
sions upon Baker's Chronicle. A Cat. of the Catholics
who lost their lives in the King's Cause, during the Civil
War. Fragmenta Antiquitatis, &e., Lon.. 1679, 1784, 8vo;
new ed. by Beckwith, 1815, 4to. A work of great popu-
larity. Boseobel, the Second Part, with the addition of
the Claustrum Regale reseratum, or the King's conceal-
ment at Trent, in Somersetshire, pub. by Mrs. Anne Wind-
ham of Trent, Lon., 1681. This work was formerly much
sought after by the curious. See a valuable notice of Bos-
eobel in the Retrospective Review, vol. xiv. 47-6.S.
"The two trjicts entitled Boseobel, with all the plates, .ire among
the most scarce and hit^h-priced historical pamphlets of the 17th
century." — Reims. Review.
Blount also pub. A Catholic Almanac, 1661, '62, '63, and
an Animadversion on Booker's Almanac.
■■ He w.ss a man of genera] knowledge, and an industrious and
useful writer."
Blount, Sir Thomas Pope, 1649-1697, eldest son
of Sir Henry, and brother of Charles Blount, sat in Par-
liament as member for St. Alban's and Hertfordshire ; he
was also for the last thirty years of his life commissioner
of accounts, to which post be was elected by the House
of Commons. He pub. in 1690, Lon., folio,
"CE>-soR.i Ceij;briokum Autuorum sive tractatus in quo varia
yirorum doctorum de clarissimis. cuju.sque, seculi scriptoribus
judicia traduntur. Unde faeillimo nej.'otio lector dit^noscere queat,
quid in singulis quibusque istorum authorum m.-ixime memora-
bile sit, & quonam in pretio apud erudites semper hahiti fuorint.
Omnia in studiosorum gratiam collegit k iu ordiuem diiiessit se^
cundum .seriem temporis quo ipsi authores Horuerun t : i. e. .4
CRITIQUE ON THE MOST CELEBRATED WRITERS, Or a treatise in which
the various opinions of the most learned men. as to the merit of
the most famous authors in every age. are delivered, whereby the
reader may, with great ease, discern what is most memorable with
respect to each of these authors, and in what esteem they have
always been .among the learned. The whole for the use of the
studious, collected and digested according to the order of time
in which the authors flourished." — Bing.Brit.; in which see the
author's admirable epistle explaining his design.
It will be observed that the plan of this work is the one
in view in the present volume, (limited to British and
American authors,) though one entertained by us long be-
fore we were acquainted with the peculiarities of Sir
Thomas's excellent compilation. It is written in Latin,
and in the foreign editions. Geneva, 1694, 4to, and 1710,
4to, the quotations from modern languages are trans, into
Latin, so as to give the whole a uniform appearance.
" When I first began the work, it was scarcely in my thoughts
to communicate it to the learned world : for my own use I drew it
together; and now at the request of persons of distinguished
learning, give it to the Public. The rather because bavin.' ob-
served with what eagerness the Acta Eruditorum. .and other books
of the same nature, are caught up. not only by men of slender
learning, but even such as are in the first forms of learning. I
could not but hope, that even this collection of mine, such .as it
IS, would not displease them."— £p!'.s»e tn the reader, in Birig. Brit.
Sir Thomas's list of authors is brief indeed, as it in-
cludes less than 600 names, although he begins with
" Hermes Trismegistus, who is thought to have been co-
eval with Moses, and from him I descend to our own time."
Wo intend that our list shall enrol the n.ames of some
30,000 authors, but cannot, of course, be expected to be
very diffuse in treating of each one. Nicoron compares
the Censura to Baillot's Jugemens des Savans, but there
is the important difference that Baillet reports the opinions
of others in his own words with his additions, whilst Blount
transcrilies them literally, which, remarks a critic, "adds
consider.ably to their value." This value, nt least, the pre-
sent volume will possess, whilst we shall take the liberty
which Monsieur Baillet indulges in, of occasionally stat-
ing our own views.
" Blount omits no class nor anv age; his arrangement is nearly
chronological, and leads the reader from the earliest records of
literatiire to his own time. The polite writers of modern Europe,
and the men of science, do not receive their full share of atten-
tion ; but this volume, though not, I think, much in request at
present, is a very convenient accession to any scholar's librarv "—
Hanum's Lit. nf Europe. ^
*-T,'^'^'"™' "^''!i"' ''""*• PuMished by Sir Thomas Pope Blount,
entitled Censura. .fee." — Dr. H.\rwood.
'■ Sh Thomas Pope mount's Cen.sura. &c. is unquestionably a
learned work— the production of a rural and retired life "
" ■Dmbraticam enim vitam et ab omni strcpitu remotam sem-
K- i" ) ii"^ ""l'?- ™''" *'"' ™**°'' i° ^he preface. It treats
;?)!? ." J^f."""^' learned men, and sparingly of the English."-
Inoain 5 BilAwmanvx.
BLU
" The object of the Censura. Ac. was to bring together the opi-
nions of the learned on the most distinguished writers of all
countries from the earliest periods; and the very accomplished
and erudite compiler has accordingly produced a volume of great
research, authority, and use." — Sir' Egerton Brydges: Ci^nsura
Literaria. vol. i.
"It is hard to say whether the author's pains or his modesty be
more conspicuous. This we may lie the rather allowed to s.ay,
having often consulted Sir Thomas's book in order to enrich our
own." — Bioe/. Brit.
Sir Thomas pub. in 1693, 12mo, A Natur.al History, con-
taining many not common observations, extracted out of
the best modern authors.
"He presents the public with the fruits of his reading, as to
N-aturil History, without depriving those from whom he drew his
knowledge, of any part of their reputation; a conduct which few
have iinit,ated, and which we can scarcely enough commend," —
Bioej. Brit.
Essays on Poetry, Learning, Education, Customs of
the Ancients, Passion, and several other subjects, Lon.,
1697, 4to.
" His Kssays in point of learning, judgment, and freedom of
thought, are certainly no w.iy inferior t^ those of the famous Mon-
taigne."— Ibid.
De Re Poctiea, nr Remarks upon Poetry ; with Characters
and Censures of the most considerable Poets, whether an-
cient or modern. Extr.acted out of the best and choicest
criticks, Lon., 1694, 4to.
" It is a pity that he had not left out the whole of what relates
to the Greek and Latin, and confined himself entirelv to the British
V»ts."—DUidin' s Bn<li(im»t}iii .
The works of this excellent author are now rarely to be
found, and a republication, by one of the enterprising pub-
lishers of the day. the Bobns. Knights, Murrays, Long-
mans, c( id r/riiua iimne, (we do not use the phrase in the
Horatian sense.) would be of great advantage to the Re-
public of Letters.
Blount, Walter Kircham. The Spirit of Chris-
tianity. Lon.. 1686. Svo.
Blow, John, 1648-1708. an eminent musician, a na-
tive of Nidtingbamshire. Boyce ,and Aldrich printed
some of his church music, but many pieces are still in MS.
When will they be collected and "published ? Why does
not Mr. Hullah give them to tho world? Blow's secular
compositions were pub. in 17(10. i'olio. under the title of
Amphion Anglicus. in imitation of Purcel's collection, the
Orpheus Britannicus; but iire thought much inferior. Some
of his choral productions are in'a very bold and grand
style, yet ho is unequ.al and frci|uently unhappy in his
attempts at new harmony and composition. Dr! Burney
criticises his works, and Sir John Hawkins gives us some
inftirmation concerning his peculiarities.
Blower, Aniinadab. An assumed name attached
to a work against tlie English Liturgy.
Blower, Elizabeth. Novels, ic, 1780, '82, '85.
Blower, John. Funeral Sermons, 1714, Svo.
Blower, Samuel. Sermon, 1697, Svo.
Blower.s, Thomas, 1677-1729. of Beverly, Massa-
chusetts. Funeral Sermon on Rev. J. Green. 1715.
Bloxam, C. 1.., and F. A. Abel. Hand-Book of
Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical ; with a
preface by Dr. Hoffman, 8vo.
" The present volume is a synopsis of the author's experience In
laboratory teaching: it gives the nccessarv instruction in che-
mical mauipulation, a concise account of general chemistry as tar
as it is involved in the operations of the kaboratorv; and lastly
qualitative and quanttt:t(iv.. .Tnalysis," — Dr. Hoffman,
"The importan. f th,- worlt is increased hv the introduction
of much of the technical chemistry of the manufiictory."— ion
Atlieiiaum.
Bloys, AVm. Medita. on 42d Psalm, Lon., 1632, Svo.
Bluett, J. C. Duelling, and tho Laws of Honour
Examined and Condemned upon Principles of Common
Sense and Revealed Truth, 2d edit., Lon., 1836, 12iuo.
See Sabine's History of Duelling. Duellists should be
ranked among the worst crimin.als. and punished accord-
ingly. He who dares to boldly defy the laws of God and
man, deserves the respect of none, and the contempt of .nil.
Bluett, Thomas. LifeofJob; the Song of Solomon ;
the H. Priest of Boonda, Lon., 1734, Svo.
Blundell, Sir George. Remarks upon a Treatise
of Humane Reason, and on Mr. Warren's late Defence of
it, Lon., 168,3, Svo.
Blundell, H. Account of his Collection of Statues,
Busts, Ac, at Ince, (near Liverpool,) 4to, privately printed.
Liverp., 1S(I3, 4to. ' "^ '
"Of this volume a very limited number was printed by Mr,
Blunil,.)]. who afterwards used every means to suppress the nub-
Ucation,"— ,V.v, x„te. See H. G. Bohn's Cat. for 1S41
Blundell, James, M.D. Principles and Practice of
Obstetric Medicine ; new edit, with additions and notes by
Dr. Rogers and Alex. lee. Lon., 1846. Svo, pp. 1172.
" This new and greatly-eiiLlrged edition of Ur, Blundell's excel.
BLU
BOA
lent work should be called h rydnpo.lia of Practicnl Midwifery, the
addition*! are so t-xtODsivt- ;iii<i jinininiis"— .!/<//. f:,i:.
Dr. B. has also puh. Mediciiia lAIechauira, and several
other profet^s. works.
Kliindell, T. Sermons on Various Suhjects, 1806.
Bluudeville, Thomas, an English mathematician,
pub. several works, Lon., 1561-lfiOG, &c. Three Treatises,
Lon., 1561, 4to. Treatise declaring howe many Councel,
Ac, a Prince ought to have, Lon., 1570, Svo. Methode
of Wryting and reading of Hystories, &c. 1574, 16mo.
The Four chiefest Offices belonging to Horsemanship, &('.,
1580, 4to. Bricfe Description of Vniversal Mappes and
Cards, &c., 1589, 4to. Exercises containing sixo Trea-
tises, 1594, 4to. This bixik was popular, and many edi-
tions were jmb. Art of Logike. 1599, 4t->. Art of Ryding
and Breaking Great Horset^, Svo. Theorinues uf the Pla-
nets. 1602, 4to.
Blunt, Charles. Mechanical Drawing, 2 vols. r.
4to, 1810.
Blunty Charles F, Lecture on Astronomy. Beauty
of the Heavens; a Pictorial Di^^plny of the Astronomical
Phenomena of the Universe; with a Series of Familiar
Lectures on Astronomy, expressly adapted for Family In-
struction and Entertainment, 4to. with 104 coloured plates.
" A moi-e jtcreptable prt-seut could not be devist-d Ln- Ibe young."
— Lfm. AH U7ii''m.
Blunt, Edmund, son of Edmund M.. b. Nov. 13,
1799, Newhurypi.rt, Mass., an hydrographer of great skill
and utility. From iSlOto the present date (1858) he has been
engaged in making charts and prosecuting surveys in Gua-
temala, West Indies, and the sea-coasts of tbu U. States.
Blunt, Edmund Itt., b. June 20, 1770. Portsmouth,
N.H.,residcut.of N.Y., and father of. Joseph, E<lmund, George
W., and Nathaniel B. Blunt. Amcr. Coast Pilnt, and many
other nautical works of great merit. The Coast Pilot was
first pub. in 1796, at Newburyport, Mass. ; 18th cd., large
Svo, N.Y., 1858. This work sustains a high reputation fur
accuracy, and is in general use by the American merchant-
marine. It has been translated into most of the languages
of Europe.
Blunt, George W., son of Edmund M., b. March
11, 1802. in Newburvport, Mass., one of the editors of the
Coast Pilot since 1826 ; also editor of other nautical works.
Blunt, Henry, d. 1843. Rector of Streathan, Surrey,
and Chaplain to the Duke of Richmond. F'^r some years
Mr. B. was incumbent of Trinity Church in Sloane street,
called Upper Chelsea. In 1835 the Duke of Bedford pre-
sented him to the Rectory of Streathan. Mr. Blunt's
publications are highly popular. Two Sermons on the Sa-
crament, 1825. Sermon on the Funeral of Gen. Sir Henry
Calvert, 1826. 8 Lectures upon the History of Jacob, 1828.
9 Lectures upon the History of St. Peter, 1829. National
Mercies a Motive for National Reformation, 1830. 12 Lec-
tures upon the History of Abraham, 18;U. A Sermon
upon the Lord's Day, 1832. 12 Lectures upon the History
of St. Paul, Part 1, 1832. History of St. Paul. Part 2,
1833. Two Discourses upon the Trial of the Spirits, 1833.
Lectures upon the History of Christ, 1834. An Ordination
Sermon, 1834. Dii;courses upon some of the Doctrinal
Articles of the Church of England. 2d edit.. 1835, 12mo.
Practical Exposition of the Epistles to the Seven Churches
of Asia: 3d edit, 1838, 12mo. A Family Exposition of
the Pentateuch, 3 vols., 1844, 12mo. Lectures on the His-
tory of Elisha, 5th edit., 1846, 12mo. Sermons preached
at Trinity Church, 5th edit., 1843, 12mo. Posthumous
Sermims and Pastoral Letters, 2d edit., 3 vols., 1844, '45,
'47, 12mo. Some of Mr. B.'s works have gone through
40 editions in England, and have been extensively circu-
lated in the United States.
" The most popular religious books of the a^e in style and matter."
"It has Ix'L-u suggested that Mr. Blunt's Commentary on the
Old Testament should be read as a companion to that of Bishop
Sumner on the New."
" Devoid of all pietension in his style of composition, and of all
studied elaboration in his train of thought, our author is one of
the clearest and most effective writers of his day. Simplicity and
perspicuity are the main charms of his publiwitions, and of his
pulpit discourses; and combined as those qualities are with
sprishtliness of thought, with occasional sallies nf imagination,
and with a rich vein of appropriate illu'^tration. they constitute
him at once an instructive preacher and an :u(i}il:iM"e writer. . .
Would that all ministers, in and out of the ChurL'h of England,
were such in zeal. t;ilent, and devotedness." — Lnn. Evaiig. Mag.
" His death was in h.armony with his life. Ilis intellect clear;
his foith unclouded; his spirit humble, affectionate, thankful,
cheerful, happy; his interest in the church and iu the cause of
his Saviour undecaying." — Lonflnn Rccrrrd.
Blunt, J. Obstetric Family Instructor, Lon.,1793,12mo.
Blunt, John. Practical Farriery, Lou., 1773. 12mo.
Blunt, Johu James, 1794-1855, Margaret Prof.of Di-
vinity at Caml.uitlge. Theol. and other publications; the best-
known of which is Undesigned Coincidences in tbeWntinga
both of the Old and New Testament an argument of their
veracity. This includes a republication of: 1. The Veracity
of the Books of Moses; 2. The Veracity of the Historical
Scriptures of the Old Testament. {Ilulsean Lectures;) 3.
The Veracity of the Gospels and Acts. The whole, revised
and enlarged, appeared as a 2d ed. in 1847, and the 5th ed.
was pub. iu 185(i.
*'A work of great value, and one which must attract the atten-
tion of every student of the Scriptures. The novelty of the investi-
gation, the success with which it is prosecuted, and the confirmation
it elicits, will impress the mind of any one who will give it an exa-
mination."— Lftn. Chris. Obs.
'• Mr. Blunt has signalized himself as a very succeseful disciple
of Dr. Paley in the management of that species of Christian evi-
dence which arises from the discovery of undesigned coincidences
of revealed truth." — Lowndes.
Principles for the Proper Understanding of the Mosaic
Writings, 1833, 8vo : highly commended. History of the
Christian Church in the First Three Centuries; 2d ed., 8vo,
1857. On the Right Use of the Early Fathers, 8vo, 1857.
Duties of the Parish Priest; 2d ed.. 1857. Plain Serms.,
j p. Svo, 1856. Serms. at Cambridge, 1836, 8vo ; 1845, '47,
Svo; 1849, Svo; 1851, Svo. Vestiges of Ancient Manners
in Italy and Sicily, Svo.
I Blunt, Joseph, b. Feb. 1792, at Ncwburyport, Mass.,
j lawyer of N. York, son of Edmund M. Blunt. Historical
Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy, N.
I York, 1825, Svo. Speeches, Reviews, and Reports, 1843,
I Svo. Merchants' and Shipmaster's Assistant, N.York, Svo.
j Amer. Annual Register, 1827-35, N.York, 8 vols. Svo. Mr.
j B. was the editor nf this work, and wrote many parts of it.
Blunt, Leonard, author of a poem. The curious may
consult Steeveny's Sale Cat;Uogue, No. 1047.
Blunt, Nathaniel Bowditch, 1804-1854, son of
Edmund M. Blunt, was a distinguished lawyer of N.York,
author of numerous addresses, &.q. Eulogy on the Death
of Henry Clay, delivered at the request of the corporate
authorities of the City of N. York. A masterly production.
Blunt, Walter. Dissenting Baptisms and Church
Burials. Strictures upon the decision of the late Sir
John Nicholl; with an attemi)t at an investigation of the
judgment of the Church of England upon the subject,
Exeter. 1840, Svo. Ecclesia-'^tical Restoration and Reform;
No. 1 . Considerations and practical Suggestions on Church-
rates. Ac, Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Blutcau, Doin Raphael, 1638-1734, a Theatine,
born in Loudon of French p.arents, became very celebrated
for his proficiency in sacred and pndane learning. His
works are, 1. A Vocabulary or Dictionary, Portuguese
and Latin; Coimbra, 1712-28, 10 vols. foL, including a
supplcmcut in 2 vols. From this work Moraes de Silva
compiled a Portuguese Dictionary, Lisbon, 1789, 2 vols.
4to. 2. Oraculum utriusque Testamenti museum Blutea-
vinum. 3. A List of all Dictionaries, Castilian, Italian,
French, and Latin, with the dates, &o., Lisbon, 172S, and
printed iu the supplement to his Dictionary. 4. Sermons
and Panegyrics under the title of Primicias Evangelicas,
1685, 4to. Ho died at Lisbon in the 95th year of his age.
'' On the 28th of February his eloge was pronounced iu the acar
demy, and two learned doctors gravely discussed the question —
MVh.-ther England was most honoured in his birth, or Portugal
iu his d(\ith.'"' — Biog. ZTim\
Blydenburgh, J, W. A Treatise on the law of Usu-
ry, Ac, New York, 1844, Svo.
" This is a valuahle work, embodying the English and American
decisions, and contnins appropriate practical forms of procedure."
— Marrin'.f Lrgal Bill.
BIyth, Robert. 1. A Speech ; 2. Sermon, 1795, 4to.
Blyth,S. Funeral Serm. on Mr. Bourn, 1754, Svo.
BIythe, Walker, See Blith.
Boaden, James, b. 1702. a native of Whitehaven,
pub. a number of Plays, <fcc. His best-known productions
are. A Letter to George Steevens, E.^q., containing a Criti-
cal Examination of the Papers of Shakspeare pub. by Mr.
S. Ireland, [see Ireland, S., and AV. II.,] Lon.. 1796,
Svo. Inquiry into the Authenticity of various Pictures
and Prints, which from the Decease of the Poet to our
own times have been offered to the Public as Portraits of
Shakypeare, Lon., 1824. Svo. Memoirs of the Life of John
Philip Kemble, Esip, 2 vols. Svo.
"Mr. Iloaden appears to have liet^n the companion of Kemble,
and. what is more, he was worfhi/ of his fiiendship. Of that
friendship he has constructed au imperishable record, honourable
alike to his talents as a scholar and to his feelings as a man." —
Lon. Gnidi'mans Mog.
The Life of Mrs. Jordan, 2 vols. Svo.
Boa^, William. Fevers and Dysentery of Hot Cli-
mates. Med. Facts, 1793.
Boak, John. Letter to T. Bere, ISOl, 12mo. Eluci-
dation of Characters, 1802. Svo.
211
BOA
Boardman, Henry A., D.D., was b. 1808. at Troy,
in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1829. He
has been since 1833 pastor of the Tenth Presbyterian
Church in Philadelphia. In 1853 the General Assembly
elected him to fill the Chair of Pastoral Theology and
Church Government, Composition and Delivery of Ser-
mons, in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New
Jersey, but ho declined the honour, preferring to remain
with a congregation and coramuuity to which he is greatly
endeared by his many excellent qualities as a Christian
and a gentleman. Dr. Boardman's publications have been
numerous. We notice some of the princijial ; The Scrip-
ture Doctrine of Original Sin. pp. 120, 1839. Letters to
Bishop Doane on the Oxford Tracts, pp. 100, 1841. The
Prelatical Doctrineof the Apostolical Succession examined,
pp. 350. 12mo, 1844. The Importance of Religion to the
Legal Profession, 1849. The Bible in the Family, pp. 300,
12mo, 1851. The Bible in the Counting-House : a Course
of Lectures to Merchants, pp. 400, 12mo, 1853.
" Dr. Boardman's style reflects his own mental vi^^our, clearness,
vivacity, industry, finish, and taste. It abminds in apt illustra-
tions, puts abstract principles in concrete liviii_' fm ins, is relieved
by salient points and sparltling jets; it often nn-i< \\itli the notes
of a genuine eloiiuenre. and is enriched witli cripious and apposite
tacts, apparently noted for the purpose in the course of an exten-
sive reading.'" — Princeton Jitview,
•'The style of these lectures is altogether admiriihle and per-
fectly adapted to their subject; it is free and familiar, without
condescending to commonplace or tiippancy, and is often impres-
sive and eloquent without being suggestive of the pulpit." — Put-
nam's Sftmthlif Mag.
" Eminently judicious and practical, and fonns a worthy supple-
ment to the great work of Dr. Chalmers on the same subject."
A Discourse on the Low Value set upon Human Life in
the United States. 1S53.
" A seasonable, able, and discriminating discourse."— i^eaiiyte-
rian Magazine.
Discourse on the American Union. Eulogium on Daniel
Webster. A Pastor's Counsels, pp. 100. The Great Ques-
tion. ]ip. 230, 12mo: many editions. The Christian Jlinistry
not a Priesthood.
Boardman, J. Analysis of Penmanship, 1809, 4to.
Boardman, James. Trans, of Linguet's Analysis,
and Review of Voltaire's Works, Lon., 1790, 8vo. A Vo-
cabulary of the English, Latin, French, Italian, Spanish,
German, and Portuguese Languages, 1811. ]2mo.
•■ This work is intended for those learners of langu.ages who,
being suddenly called abroad, require a ready precision of current
words. Mv Boardman rashly combines in one vocabulary both
northern and southern words. Ilis German c'.liinin should have
been omitted; n is incorrectly printed and hidi rnosly cirelcss.
The performance displ.aysa vervinconsideniMr kii.o\leage of com-
pai-ative grammar." — Xoa. Monthly JReview, Isl-.
Boardman, Thomas. A Dictionary of the Veteri-
nary Art. Lon., 1802-03, 4to.
Boardman, William. System of Book-Keeping on
a Plan entirely new. Lon., 1812. 4to.
Boase, Henry. Letter to Lord King rel. to the
Banks. 1804, 8vo. Remarks on the supposed Deprecia-
tion of our Currency, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Boase, H. S., Sec. Roy. Geol. See. of CornwaU.
Treatise on Primary Geology, 1834, 8vo.
" An admiraVde work. Dr. Boase has anticipated a movement
recently communicated to geological science in this country, which
■would certainly have told by its effect in a very short time. His
book involves some of the most refined discussions of which Geology
is susceptible, and we cannot but express our ardent admiration
for the talent and research which it displays."— ion. Lili-rari/ <!az.
Boate, Gerard, was a native of Holland, but we
naturalize him for his services as Physicban to the State in
Ireland, and his excellent work entitled Ireland's Natural
History, pub. by Samuel Hartlib, Lon., 1652, 12mo. It
was trans, into French, Paris, 1666, 12mo, and afterwards
incorporated into a Natural History of Ireland, by several
hands, 1726, 4to ; reprinted 1755, with a new Preface and
Index of Chapters, 4to.
" We have here a work excellent in its kind, as not only full of
truth and certainty, but written with much judgiiieid. order, and
exactness." — Bishop Nicolsox ; Irisli IIist"rir,il Lihrnrt/.
" Although some of his accounts are imperfect, and his topo-
graphical errors numerous, it is wonderful that a stranger should
have accomplished so much, and at least run aw.ay with the ho-
nour of laying the foundation of the natur.al history of Ireland."
Bobart, Jacob. Pub. vol. ii. of Morison's Oxford
History of Plants, 1699, fid. Effects of Great Frost on
Trees and other Plants, Phil. Trans.. 1684.
Bobbin, Tim. Miscell. Works, Manches., 1775,
12ino. The Passions. 1811, 4to. See Collier, Joh.n-.
Bockett, J. Pride Exposed, Lon., 1710, 12mo.
Boddington, Mrs. Sketches in the Pyrenees.
Slight Reminiscences of the Rhine. The Gossips Week.
Poems.
" A volume of very pleasing poems. . . . We have not room for
more than one specimen, but its elegant simplicity and unexag-
212
BOD
gerctcd feeling will remind our readers of Rogers'sltaly ; and we
cannot give higher praise."— Lon. Times.
" (Jnr luitboresB is a genuine painter, having feeling, force, beauty,
imagination, and colouring." — Leigh Hunt.
Bode, Rev. J. E., M. A. Ballads from Herodotns; 2d
ed., L.iii.. lliino. 1858. Short Occasional Poems, 16mo, 1858.
Boden, llev. Mr. Watt refers to Williams, Ret. Dr.
Boden, Joseph. Sermon, Lon., 1644, 8vo.
Bodenham, John, an industrious compiler of other
men's labours, temp. Elizabeth. Politeuphia, or Wit's
Commonwealth. Lon., 1598; 18th edit, 1661. This is a
collection of extracts from the ancient moral philosophers.
An edit, amended. 1644. Pallidas Tamia, Wit's Treasury,
by F. Mercs, forms a second part. Wit's Theater of the
Little World, Lon., 1598; again 1699, 16nio. This is a
compendium of historical facts, intended to suggest philo-
soiihic:il refiections. Wo quote from a copy before us a
portion of the address to the reader :
" The profit that ariseth by reading these epitomized histories is
to emulate that which thou likest in others, and to make right
vse of theyr examples."
Bodenham 's compilations are very rarely to bo met with.
England's Helicon, 1600, 4to. This is a collection of Eng-
lish poetry of an amatory character. It will be found re-
printed entire in the British Bibliography, vol. iii. 120
cojiies were printed separately at £2 2s. Bel-vedcre, or the
Garden of the Muses, Lon., 1600, 8vo; reprinted, 1610,
8vo, with the omission of the word "Bel-vedcre." Priced
in Bib. Anglo-Poet. edit. 1600, £25; 1610, £21. Copious
accounts of this valuable work will be found in Drake's
Shakspeare and his Times, vol. i., and in Censura Litera-
ria, vol. i. Eleven poets are enumerated in the Bel-vedere
who are not to be found in England's Parnassus.
'■ I have set down both how, whence, and where, these flowers
had their first springing, till thus they were drawne together into
the M uses Garden ; that every one may challenge his owne. each
plant his particular, and no one be injured iu the justice of his
merit." — Pioemiuni hy tlie compiler.
" It will be seen that this compilation must have been formed
with elaborate attention, and that it must necessarily contain
many choice and sententious flores poetarum Anglicanorum." —
Ctvsura Literaria.
Bodington, John. On Cant. iii. 11, 1662, 12mo.
Bodius, or Boyd, Andrew. Carmen Panegyricum
ad Regem Carolum in Scotiam redientem, Edin., 1633, 4to.
Bodins, Marcus Alexander. See Boyd, M. A.
Bodius, Robt. Sec Bovn, Robert.
Bodius, Zacharias. See Bovd, Zach.
Bodley, James, M.D. A Critical Essay upon the
Works of Physicians, Lon., 1741, 8vo.
Bodley, Josias, youngest brother of Sir Thomas
Bodley, wrote Observations concerning the fortresses of
Irelnn'il and the British Colonies of Ulster, and Jocular
Description of a Journey taken by him to Lecale in Ul-
ster, in 1602. These pieces have not been printed.
Bodley, Laurence, b. about 1546, d. 1615. a younger
brother of Sir Thomas Bodley. and a benefactor to the
Bodleian Library, was a graduate of Christ Church Col-
lege, Oxford. He wrote an elegy on the death of Bishop
Jewel, which was pub. in Humi>hrey's Life of that prelate.
Bodley, Sir Thomas, 1544-1612, the illustrious
founder of the noble Library at Oxford which bears his
name, was a native of Dunscomb, near Crediton. His
birthday, March 2d. should ever be honoured, not only
by the sons of Oxford, but also by the disciples of letters
and philosophy in all parts of the world. His father being
warmly attached to the Protestant cause, and, therefore,
obnoxious to the favourites of Queen Mary, resided for
some years at Geneva, where Thomas attended the lectures
of Chevalier on Hebrew, Bcroabl on Greek, and Calvin
and Beza on Divinity. Returning to 'England, he was en-
tered at Magdalen College in 1559. Hero in due season
he became lecturer on the Greek tongue, reader on Natural
Philosophy, and junior proctor. Leaving college, he tra-
velled for nearly four years, and three years after his re-
turn was appointed Esquire of the Body to Queen Eliza-
beth. Ho now devoted himself to diplomacy, and resided
abroad for almost the whole period from 1585 to 1597.
Having retired to private life, he determined to put in exe-
cution a long-cherished plan, to found in Oxford a library
worthy of the reputation of that ancient seat of learning.
Accordingly he made a proposition to this effect in a letter
"from London, Feb. 23, 1597," to Dr. Ravis, Vicc-Chnn-
cellor of Oxon. He prefaces his noble overture with the
declaration that
"I have been always of a mind that, if God, of his goodness,
should make me able to do any thing for the benefit of posterity.
1 would shew some token of afl"ection that I have evermore borne
to the studies nf good learning."
This liberal proposition was received in a better spirit
BOD
than has been evinced in some cases of a like nature in i
our own day by certain institutions of learning in Eng- I
land and America. Bodley encouraged others to follow
his example, and the harvest was so plentiful that Sir ;
Thomas determined to pull down the old fabric and ** build
greater," On the 19th of July. 1610, he laid the first j
stone of a new edifice, which he did nut live to see com- .
pleted. In 1629 the third Earl of Pembroke made a valua- :
ble addition to the Library, of several hundreds of valuable
Greek MSS. In 1623 Sir Kenelm Digby added to its
stores, and after this followed the precious collections of
Laud, Selden, Francis Junius, and many others, ^e
presume that the Bodleian Library numbers this day (1854)
not less than 250.000 volumes. Sir Thomas wrote his Life
in 1609, which was pub. Oxon., 1647, 4to, and again by
Hearne in the Reliriuiai Bodleianae, 1763, 8vo, including
his Letters to Br. James, &c. Litterae D. The. Bodleio,
Ac., Ox., 1658, 4to.
"Out of 234 Li'tters, not above 2 are dated; which renders the
little historical mattt-r in them of less value: they wholly turn on
buyiniJ: and sortins lionks, building the library, and other matters
relatin;; to that subject." — Cole.
Dr. Thomas James prepared a catalogue of the Library
pub. 1605, *20, '35, '36. It then contained some 20,000
articles. The reader will be pleased to see by reference
to the following testimonies, the veneration with which
the character of Sir Thomas was regarded by his contem-
poraries :
Oratio Funebris habita in Schola Theologica in Obitum
clariss. Eijuitis Tho. Bodley. Oxon. 1613, 4to. This ora-
tion (by Js. Wake) is reprinted in Dr. Will. Bates's Vitie
seleetorum aliquot vinirum. Justa Funebria Ptoleratei
Oxoniensis, Thomge Bodleii Equitto avriiti, celebrata in
Academia Oxoniensi. Mensis Martii29, 1613 ; Oxon.,1613,
4to. This collection of funeral verses eontiiins contribu-
tions by Archliishop Laud, Robert Burton, author of the
Anatomy of Mehmcholy, Isaac Casaubon. Ac.
Bodleiommena; seu Carmina et Oi*ationcs in Obitus ejus,
Oxon., 1613, 4to. For an account of Catalogues, &c. of
the Bodleian Library, see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and
Sims's Hand Book to the British Museum, Lou., 1854.
" Thomas Itodley, another Ptolemy, thouj^h no writtM- worth the
remembnince. yet hath he been the greatest |irnmi.t<'r of learning
that hath yet appeared in our nation." — Anth.inv \\'noD.
'■ View this illustrious bibliomaniac, with his :j:iMitlianan-liUeair,
and expressive countenance, superintending^', with the zeal of a
Custom-house ofhcer, the shipping, or ratli<T Ixin/m;/, of his bonks
for the grand library which is now called by hisihw Name! Think
upon his activity in writing to almost every distinguished charac-
ter of the realm: solii-iting, ur>ring. entreating for their support
towards his magnificent establishment : and, moreover.superintend-
ing the erection of the building, as well as examining the timbers
with the nicety of a master-carpenter I Think of this: and when
you walk under the grave and appropriately-ornamented roof,
which tt'lls you that you are within the precincts of the Bodleian
Library, pay obeisance to the portrait of the founder, and hold
converse with his gentle spirit that dwells therein." — Dibdiri's
Bihlumiavia.
It is an interesting fact that two of the first scholars of
their respective periods, Isaac Casaubon and Philip Bliss,
the one in 1613 and theotherabout 1813, acknowledge thetr
obligations to the noble founder of the Bodleian Library :
" As long as I remained at Oxford, T passed whok- days in the
Library : for books cannot be taken out, but the library is open to
all scholars for seven or eight hours every day. You might al-
ways see therefore many of these, greedily enjoying the banquet
prepared for them, which gave me no small pleasure." — Casauh.
Eput. S99, in HallamS Lit. of Europ>:.
*' It is surely unnecessary to repeat the praises of such a man
as Sir Thomas Bodley, a man whose name ivill only perish with
that of bis country. The obligations which literature owes to the
exertions of this individual can only be estimated by those who
have opportunity as well as occasion to consult the inestimable
treasures he beijueathed to the place of his education. And it is
with a niin^rlcd sensation of gratitude and pride, that the Editor
of these Atuen.e acknowledges the assistance he receives from the
Bodleian Lirrary, an institution which he boldly asserts to be the
most useful as well as the most magnificent iu the universe." —
Athen. Oxon.. Bliss's Etlit.
During the two centuries which had elapsed since Isaac
Casaubon gratefully acknowledged that literary solace
which enabled him. a wanderer in a strange land, to for-
get for a time the apostasy of his first-born and the mur-
der of his king, how many of the sons of science thirsting
for knowledge bad drank deep at that fountain of learn-
ing.— and jironounced benedictions on tbe wise master-
builder of that classic temple dedieatt^d to intellectual
progress — The Bodleian Library at Oxford!
Bodrugan, Nicholas, alias Adams. Epitome of
the Title that the Kj'nges Majestic of Englande hath to
the Povereigntie of Scotland. Continued upon the nncient
"Writers of both Nations from the beginnynge. Dedicated
to King Edward VI., Lon., 1516, 8vo. White Knight's
sale, X8 15e.
BOG
Boethius, Boece, or Boeis, Hector, b. about
1470, d. about 1660 ? was a native of Dundee, in the shire
of Angus. After a course of study at Dundee and Aber-
deen, he continued his education at. the University of Paris.
Elpbinston. Bishop of Aberdeen, founded in thatcity about
1500, the King's College, and sent for Boethius to return
and take the post of principal, which call he obeyed. Upon
the death of the bishop, Boethius wrote his life, and the
lives of his predecessors in that Pee. This work is enti-
tled Vita? Episcoporum Murtblacensium etAberdonensium,
Paris, 1522, 4to. The list commences with Beanus, the
first bishop, and ends with Gawin Dunbar, who was bishop
when the book was published. Boethius now undertook
to write, also in Latin, a history of Scotland, commencing
with remote antiquity, and ending with the death of James
I. The iirst edition w.as pub. at Paris, in 1526. 4to, under
the title of Scotorum Historia ab illius Geutis Origine. Of
this edit, there were but 17 books. The author continued
to enlarge and improve it until his death about 1551*. (?) An-
other edit, was pub. in Paris iu 1574, folio, containing 18
books, and part of a lUth, added by Boethius, and a con-
tinuation by John Ferrier. a Piedmontese. bringing down
the history to the reign of James III. This History was
trans, by order of James V., by John Ballendcn, under
which name tbe reader will find an account of the version
referred to. So rare are copies of the original trans, that
the lloxburghe copy sold for £65, and the Towneley copy
for £85. Sir Walter Scott edited a reprint, (200 copies,)
Edin., 1821, 2 vols. 4to. Ballenden's translations are con-
sidered to be the finest specimens of the old Scottish lan-
guage extant. Boethius has been more praised and blamed
than most autliors ;
-Of all Scots histonans. next to Buchanan, Boethius has been
the most ivnsnred and commended by the learned men who have
mentioned him." — Mackknzie.
" Iu tbe first six books there are a great many particulars not to
be found iu Fordun, or any other writer now extant ; unless the
authors which ho pretends ti> have s.-i-n be hereafter discovered,
he will continue to be shrew<lly sus)ipcted for the contrivance of
almost as many tales as Geoffrey of Mfinmouth." — Bp. Nicolson.
*■ In the ISth book he has treated of things in so comprehensive
a manner, that no one could have done it more fully or signifi-
cantly on the same subject." — Ferrier.
■• liis style has all the purity of Ca'sar's, and is so nervous both
in the reflections and diction,"that he seems to have absolutely en-
tered into the spirit of Livy, and made it his own.'*
"■ He was a man of an extraordinary happy genius, and of great
elorinence." — Erasmiis. an intimate friend.
" lie was a frreat master of polite learning, well skilled in di-
vinity, pliilosiiphy. and history; but somewhat credulous, and
muili adiiii trd in the belief of legendary stories."
" lie UKiy bi' justly reverenced as one of tbe revivers of elegant
learning. The style of Boethius. though, perhaps, not always
ri-iorously pure, is formed with great diligence upon ancient mo-
dels, and wholly uninfected with monastic barbarity. His history
is writtt-n with elegance and vigour, but his fabulousness and cre-
dulity are justly blamed. Ilis fabulousness, if he was the author
of fictions, is a fault for which no apology can be made; but his
credulity may lie excused in an age when all men were credulous.''
— I>r.Johnsoh\'!: Tour in .Scnflaiid, which see; also Mackenzie's Lives;
Biog. Brit.; Nicolson's Hist. Library ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Bo^an, Zachary, 1025-1659. an English Puritan,
educated at St. Alban's Hall, and Corpus Christi College,
Oxford, wrote Additions to Rous's Archseologiae Attieae,
tbe 5th edit, of which was pub. Oxf., 1658, 4to; View of
Scriptural Threats and Punishments, Oxf., 165.S, Svo;
Meditations, &c., 1653, Svo; Help to Prayer, 1650, 12mo;
and a work pub. 1658, Svo, drawing comparisons between
the writings of Homer and the Holy Scriptures.
"The design of this learned, and now rare, philological work,
is to point out the similarity of many forms of expression in Uomer
to those which occur in Scripture." — Obme.
"■The author states that it is not his intention to institute any
cnmpari.TOn between the sacred writers and their opinions and
ITomer, but simply between their idioms and ways of speaking." —
T. H. IIORNE.
Bogan added Hesiodius, Ac, t^ .=:how how Hesiod ex-
presses himself very nearly in the same manner as Homer.
Bo;E;art, Alexander H., 1S04-1826. an American
poet, died before he had contributed any thing of conse-
quence to the literature of the country.
Bo^nrt^ Elizabeth, a native and resident of New
York, is a daughter of tbe Rev. David S. Bogart of that
city. Under tbe signature of Esteli-e, Miss Bogart has
contributed many articles to The New York Mirror and
other periodicals. Four of her prose tales have been ho-
noured by prizes. Few pieces of American poetry deserve
higher commendation than the pathetic lines, " He cornea
too hite," &c.
Bogsj, Edward, Geology of Lincolnshire Wolds,
Trans.^KeoI. Soe., ISlfi.
Bojgiie, David, 1750~1S25. n Pissentingminister, edu-
cat<;d at the University of Edinburgh, was pastor of an
213
Bon
Independent congreg:ation at Gosport fur fifty years, and
head of the academy established by Mr. Welch, a banker,
for educating young men to the ministry. An Essay on
the Divine Authority of the N. Testament, Lon., 1S02, 8vo;
several edits., and trans, into French.
"It is one of the best works for its size on the eTidences of
Christianity, and as an introdurtion to the New Testament. . . .
The sentiments are exctrllent. the lanpuage perspicuous, and the
reasoniiiu co;fent and conviucinji." — ()itME.
A Catechism trans, from the French, Lon., 1807, 12mo.
A Sermon, Hendon, 1S08. History of the Dissenters, from
the Revolution in 1689 to the year ISOS ; in conjunction
with Mr. Bennett; 1809, 3 vols. Svo; in 4 vols. Svo, 1812.
This work was intended to form a continuation of Neal's
History of the Puritans.
" It is far superior to Nt-al's History both in point of execution
and general iuti-rest. The orinio and progress of Dissent is a su>v
ject, however, that still waits to enga-^e the interest of some phi-
losophical historian." — Dr. Jamuson's Ci/c. If. Biog.
"In Bog ue and Bennett's History there is a bias in favour of
Dissenters: it is bitter against Churchmen."— Uickersteth.
Discourses on the Minennium,2 vols., 1813-16.
"These discourses are not exegetical or argumentative, but en-
tirely practical and devotional."— Lowndes.
"There are some just remarks on the work in Tint's New Illus-
tration of Prophecy."— BiCKERSTETH.
"It is a judicious, pious, and seasonable work. A work for which
there is reason to belii-ve that mankind will be the better, and
with which a good man may honourably finish the toils of authoi--
Bhip." — Lon. Ei'leciic Revi£\
BOK
number of works. 1683-91: we notice a few. A Defenca
of Sir Robert Filmer, Lon., 1684. The History of the
Desertion, [of James 11..] 1689, Svo. The Justice of Peace's
Calling, 1BS4. A geographical Dictionary, 1688, Svo;
1691, Svo; continued by Bernard, 1693. folio. The Life
of Bishop Jewel, 16S5. The Great Historical, Geographi-
cal, and Poetical Dictionary, 1694, fol. Character of
Queen Elizabeth, 1693, Svo; trans, into French, Haye,
1695, Svo. He trans. Sleiden's Hist, of the Reformation,
Puffeudorf 's Present State of Germany, Wheare's Method
of Reading History, 1698, Svo, and some other works.
Mr. S. Wiltou Rix promises us a volume, to be entitled
The Diary and Autobiography of Edmund Bohun, Esq.
from a MS. in the p.jssession of Richard Bohun, Esq.
Bohuu, R. The Wind, Hurricanes. Ac, Oxf., 1671, Svo
Bohun, William, of the Middle Temple. Privilcgia
Londini, or the Rights, Lilierties, Privileges, Laws, and
Customs of the City of London, Lon., 1702, Svo; 3d edit,
with additions. 1723, Svo. Cursus Cancellariw, Ac, 1715,
Svo. Mr. B. pub. other leg.il treatises, Ac. 1702-33.
Boileaii, D. An Essay on the Study of Statistics,
containing a Syllabus for Lectures, Ac, 1S07, 12mo. Let-
ters, Ac from the French, 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. Introduc-
tion to the Study of Political (Economy, or An Elementary
View of the manner in which the Wealth of Nations is
produced, increased, distriljuted, and consumed, ISll, Svo.
Inquiry into the various Systems of Political fficonomy ;
their advantages and disadvantages ; and the Theory most
Bohn, Henry G., an enterprising J^ondonpubMsher f(j,.ou„Me to °the Increase of Nation'al Wealth; trans, from
-. - the French of Ganilch, 1S12, Svo. Boileau edited the Me-
moirs. Ac. of the Baron de Grimm et Diderot,1813, 4vols.8vo.
Bois, Latin, Boisius. See Boys, John.
Boise, James R. Exercises in Greek Prose Compo-
sition, adapted to the First Book of Xenophon's Anabasis
New York, 12mo.
'' We regard it as one peculiar excellence of this book, that it pre-
supposes both the diligent schoL^r and the painstaking teacher."—
CliHstian Register.
Boker, George H., b. 1824, is a native of Philadel-
phia, the son of Charles S. Boker, Esq., President of the
Girard Bank of that city. At nineteen years of age, Mr.
Boker graduated B.A. at Nassau Hall, Princeton College,
New Jersey. After travelling for some time in England
and on the Continent, Mr. B. returned to Philadelphia,
where he now resides. He first appeared as an author in
1847, when he pub. The Lesson of Life, and other Poems.
" In this were indications of a uianly temper and a cultiv.tted
mind, but it had the customary faults of youthful compo.sitions
in occasional feebleness of epithet, indistinctness, diffusiveness,
and a certain kind of i-omantirism. that betrays a want of experi-
ence of the world." — It. W. Griswold : Ftiels and I't'ttry of America.
" It contains m.%ny pleasing passages, yet frequently shows a
want of care aud finish in the execution. A pure and elevated
tone of sentiment jK'rvades it throughout, and it embodies enough
of poetic thou^'ht, wei-e the poem compressed to half its present
length, to make it a production of a high order of merit." — Liti^
vary }Vtrfld, ii. 560.
Mr. Boker now turned his attention to the drama, and
in 184S produced Calaynos, a Tr.agedy, which was played
and bibliopole, of German parentage, was h. in London,
about the year ISOO, and is favourably known as the editor
of Bibliotheca Parriana and the translator of some jiieces
from the German. Mr. Lynes thus handsomely aclinow-
ledgesMr.B.'s intelligent labours in the former capacity:
■' This Preface must not be concluded, without a distiuct ac-
knowledgment of the obligations incurred to Mr. Bohn. jun., for
the great labour which he h!is bestowed iu compiling this work,
as well .IS for the judgment and knowledge which he has shewn
in correcting errors occasioned by the indistinct handwriting of
Dr. Parr, or the blunders of his various amanuenses." — Jo/m
Lynes, Reclory. Elm>ty LmeU, 21s( Muij, 1827 ; Preface to Biblio-
tbjtca rarriaua. „- , ,t» ,. »
Mr. B. translated vol. iv. of Schiller s Works, (Bohn s
Library,) containing The Robbers, Ac; also, A Polyglott
of Foreign Proverbs : comprising French, Italian, German,
Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and' Dani.sh. Compiled Hand-
Book of Games. Ed. Addison's Works, 6 vols. ; Lowndes's
Bibliographer's Manual, enlarged with revisions and cor-
rections, in 8 Pts., forming 4 vols., 1857-5S, Ac. Mr. B.
observes,
" The publication was undertaken more as a boon to his confreres
and to literary men than as an object of mercantile profit; and he
trusts it will be received as such."
But Mr. Bohn's M.iGSUM Opos is his "monster" Guinea
Catalogue, Lon., 1841, enormously thick nondescripto, Teu-
tonic shape. Tub model ! But the London Literary Ga-
zette gave so graphic a description of this plethoric tomo
on its first appearance, that we can do no better than quote
it in lieu of any sketch of our own :
Mr. Bohn has outdone all former doings in the same line, and with great success both in America and England,
given us a liter.arv curiosity of remarkable character. The volume , a j^ is a clear and cLlssic piece of composition, reminding one, by
is the siiuattest and the fattest we ever saw.^^ It is an alderman i jjg elevated purity of tone, of Taltburd's Ion, though it is marked
among books, and not a very tiiU one: and then, alderman-like,
its inside is richly stuffi-d with a multitudeofgond things. Why,
there is a list of more th.-^n ■i;'..000 ;irti'-les, and the pages reach to
1948! . . . This catalogue has '-ost bim an outlay of upwards of
£2000. and it describes ."ioo.ooo vuluioes; a stock which could hardly
be valued at much less than a ].Iuni."
The s.ame excellent periodical describes another booli
seller's catalogue under notice as " a shrimp, comp.arc J with gedy, [1850,]
by much greater dramatic spirit and power than that didactic
drama. . . . Calaynos. without any adventitious recommendation,
unheralded by a popular name, and unaided by a popular^ theme,
was eminently successful, not only in this country, but in Eng-
land, and immediately placed its author in the front rank of liv-
ing dramatists." — Koiiert T. Conrad.
Mr. Boker's next production was Anne Boleyn, a Tra-
Mr. Bohn's lug fish.''
Having long made Bibliography our special study, we
may be allowed to express the opinion that the Guinea Cata-
logue is an invaluable lexicon to any literary man, and ten
guineas would be a che.ap price for awork calcidatcd to save
time by its convenience for reference, and money by its
stores of information as to the liter.ary aud pecuniary value
of coveted tomes. As an eminent benefactor to the reading
Which in many respects surpasses CaLiynos, evincing more
skill in the use of iangujige, more force iu the display of passion,
and a finer vein of poetical feeling, with the same admirable con-
trast of character, and unity and directness of conduct." — K. W
Griswolo.
To this succeeded The Betrothal ; Leonor de Guzman, a
Tragedy; and Francesca da Rimini. The limited space to
which we are confined prevents any examination into the
merits of these compositions. Plays and Poems, BosL,
pulilic, by the republication in a cheap form of costly and jgjg_ j vols. 12mo.
valuable works, as the projector of the Standard Library, j „ i^'j^^ |,]„^ „f jjjj images is chastened by a noble simplicity,
130 vols Scientific Lib., Illustrated Lib., Lib. of French l keeping them within the line of human sympathy and natural
Memoirs, Lib. of Extra Volumes, Classical Lib., (consisting ■ expression. He has fniiowed tlie masters of dramatic writmg>yith
of translations of the Greek and Latin Classics,) Antiqna- ' rare judgment, lie also excels many g,fted_poets of h,s class m_ a
rian Lib., Philologico-Philosophical Lib., Historical Lib.,
Libriiry of British Classics, Ecclesiastical Lib., Miniature
Lib., and Cheap Series, — numbering in all upwards of five
hundred volumes, — Mr. Bohn does not need our praise, but
he cannot refuse our gratitude.
Bohun, Edmund, d. about 1702? admitted Fellow-
commoner of Queen's Ccdlcge. Cambridge, in 1663, sub-
sequently served as a Justice of the Peace. He pub. a
211
quality essential to an acted play— spirit. To the tragic ability he
unites aptitude for the easy, colloquial, and jocose dLiloguc, such
as must intervene in the genuine Shaksperian dr.ama, to give re-
lief and additirjnal effect to high emotion. His language, also,
rises often to the highest point of energy, pathos, and beauty." —
II. T. TuCKERMAN : Characferi.^tics of Literature. 2d Series.
"The ai'e has not produced a poem more graceful than The Po-
desta's Bau"liter. nor scarcely one so distinguished for its simple
and genuine, but deep and thrilling, pathos. The reader who can
forbear to drop upon the page the tribute of a tear to the gentle Giulia,
BOL
BOL
' Sweeter far
Than roKe or lily, violet or vine,
Thou|j;h they could gather all their charms in one.'
would weep ibr nothing;. Can the literature of our land boast any
tbiup more purely ori^'inal. more luxuriantly imajjinative, than
The Ivory Oirvt:rf His ^mg of the Earth, also, is bold, animated,
and displays wonderful power; and I have a Cottage is not sur-
passed, as a specimen of descriptive sweetness and beauty, in our own
or in any laii^^uage." — R. T. Coniwd: Graham's Mag., Sliuch, 1854.
Bolafley, H.V. First Step to Hebrew. Lon.,1811,12mo.
Bolaiue, N. Remarks ou Inoculation, 1754, Svo.
Bold, Henry? of New College, Oxford. Wit a Sport-
ing, I'c, Lou., 1662, Svo. Poems, 1664, 8vo. Latiue
Songs with their English, <fec., 16S5, Svo.
'* He was excellent at translating the most difficult and crabbed
Eui;lish into Latiu verse." — Atfien. Oxon.
Bold, Johu, 1679-1757, a native of Leicester, was
raatriculateil at St. John's College, Cambriilge, and, enter-
ing into holy orders, took the curacy of Stony Staunton,
Leicestershire, where he zealously laboured on a small pit-
tance for about fifty years. He wrote — 1. The Sin and
Danger of Neglecting the Public Service of the Church,
1745, Svo. 2. Religion the most Delightful Employment.
3. The Duty of Worthy Communicating.
" He had talents that might have rendered him conspicuous
anywhere, and an impressive and correct delivery. . . . He ap-
pears from the early age of 24 years to have formed his plan of
making himself a living sacrifice for the benefit of his flock."
Bold, or Bolde, Samuel, of Steeple, and Vicar of
Shapwicke, Dorsetshire, pub. a number of theological
treatises, 1687-1736. A second Examination of Dr. Com-
ber's Scholastical History of Liturgies, Lon.. 1691, 4to.
Observations and Tracts of Defence of Locke's Essay, Ac,
and Reasonableness of Christianity, 1G93, 12mo; 1706,
Svo. An Helpe in Devotion, 1736. Svo.
Bolde, Thomas. Rhetoric Restrained, or Dp. Gau-
den on the Liturgy considered and clouded, 1660, 4to.
Boles, Katherine. On Ruptures, Lon., 1726, Svo.
Bolieii. Protestants on the safe side. Lon., 1687, 4to.
Boliiigbroke, Henry St. John, Visconnt, 167S-
1751, was the only son nf Sir Henry St. John, of Lydiard
Tregoze, iu Wiltshire, Baronet, by Mary, sert)nd daughter,
and coheiress of Robert Rich, third Earl of Warwick, of
that family. Henry was born at Battersca, in Surrey,
October 1, 167S, — though 1672 has often l>een erroneously
assigned as the date of his birth. He was brought up
under the eye of his grandmother, a Presbyterian, who
placed him under the tutorship of the celebrated Puritan
preacher, Daniel Burgess, who residetl in the family.
Bolingbroke tells Pope, long afterwards, at the end of the
epistle to Sir W. Wyndham, that he was obliged, while yet
a boy, to read over the commentaries of Dr. Manton, whose
"Pride it was to have made an hundred and nineteen sermons
on the hundred and nineteenth Psalm."
At Eton he became acquainted with Sir Robert Walpole,
and a rivalship here commenced which continued through
life. He removed from Eton to Christ Church, Oxford,
where, as subsequently, he was distinguished for his
talents, brilliancy of conversation, fascinating manners,
and remarkable personal beauty. He left college only to
continue a course of the wildest profligacy, which caused
his parents, with the hope of his reformation, to bring
about a match between the dissolute youth and the
daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Winchescomb. This
experiment, to reform a rake by the sacrifice of an inno-
cent female, ended as such ventures generally do. In a
short time they separated, and were never again united.
During his exile she died iu England, and in 1720 Boling-
broke espoused the widowed Marchioness de Villette, a
niece of Madame Maintenon. They lived together for
thirty years, and he survived her only about a year. In
1700 he was chosen to represent the borough of Wootton
B;i8?et in Parliament. In 1704 he became Secretary of
War, and held this post for three years, resigning in 1707,
when Harley was dismissed from office. In 1710, upon
the fall of the Godolphin administration, Harley came
into power, and St. John became Secretary of State. In
1712 he was created Viscount Bolingbroke, and exhibited
great chagrin at not being raised to an earldom. His
father's congratulation ou his new honours was something
of the oddest :
'• Ah, Harry." said he, " T ever said you would be hanged; hut
now I find you will he heJieaded!"
The accession of George I. interposed an effectual bar-
rier to the ambition of the courtier. Addison was made
foreign secretary, and the Whigs determined to impeach
Bolingbroke of high treason. Satisfied that his life was
aimed at by his enemies, he fled in disguise. March 25,
1715, to Calais. By invitation of Charles Stuart, he visited
him at Lorraine, and accepted the post of his Secretary
of State, which caused his impeachment and attainder.
In 1723 he was permitted to return home, and his estates
were restored to him, but the House of Lords was still
closed against him. He now, in conjunction with Wynd-
ham and Pulteney, who were in Pailiament. commenced a
tierce war against Sir Robert Walpole, which lasted for ten
years. The Craftsman, by Caleb D'Auvers, was the vehicle
of their vigorous and bitter attacks. Such was the ])n]iu-
larity of this paper, which commenced Dec, 5, 1725, and
extended to Uvols. 12mo, that 1(1,000 to 12,000 copies were
sometimes sold in one day. In 1736 he again visited
Franco, where he resided until the death of his father, iu
1742, when ho retired to the family seat at Battersea for
the rest of his earthly existence, which was terminated by
a cancer in the face in 1751.
The notorious David Mallet was his lordship's literary
legatee, and in 1754 he pub. an edition of his works in 5
vols. 4to. To these 2 vols. 4to, of Correspondence, State
Papers. <&o., were added by G. Parke, in I79S. In some
of the Essays in the collected edition appeared those skep-
tical opinions which had been less boldly advanced in hia
lifetime. During his life there appeared a Letter to Swift,
1715, fob; the Representation, 1715, 4to ; His Case, 1715,
Svo; Dissertations upon Parties, 1735, 4to ; these Disser-
tations, together with the Letters in the Study and Use of
History, first appeared in the Craftsman ; Remarks on the
History of England, 1743, Svo; Letters on the Spirit of
Patriotism ; on the Idea of a Patriot King, and on the
State of Parties at the Accession of George I., 1749, Svo.
The Idea of a Patriot King had been intrusted to Pope,
who had printed and circulated many more copies than
the author intended. His story is well known, and need
not now be repeated. Mallet was employed to edit the
edition pub. 1740, and the Advertisement, severely reflect-
ing ni>on Pope, has brought down much censure on hia
lordship's memory. But a far graver offence rests upon
the name of Bolingbroke — his impious attacks upon Reve-
lation. Johnson's opinitm of tlie author of these *' wild
and pernicious ravings under the name of philosophy" is
well known :
■■ t-ir, he was a scoundrel, and a coward: a scoundrel for charg-
ing a lilunderbuss against reljfrion and morality; a coward be-
cause he had not resolution to lire it o!T himself, but left half-a-
ci'own to a beggarly Scotchman, to draw the tri;rp;er after his death."
No doubt Mr. David Mallet considered the post of can-
noneer sufficient honour to counterbalance the condemna-
tion which his editorial duties encountered. Dr. Johnson
would not honour either author or editor by pei'usal ; for
when Mr. Barney asked him if he had seen Warburton's
book against Bolingbroke's Philosophy, he answered in
his characteristic manner :
" No, sir, I have never read Bolingbroke's impiety, and, there-
fore, am not interested about its confutation."
The name of Warburton naturally suggests the inge-
nious artifice of Burke in his imitation of Lord Boling-
broke in the Vindication of Natural Society. Both AVar-
burton and Lord Chesterfield were among the believers in
the authenticity of this eloquent forgery. Amcmg the
great men of his time Bolingbroke stood proudly pre-emi-
nent. Swift, slow to find or acknowledge merit in any
man, considered himself exalted in lauding St. John, and
Pope hardly stops short of paying him divine honours.
Witness the idolatrous enthusiasm of the following:
" I really think there is somethin"; iu that great man which
looks as if he was placed here by mistake. When the comet ap-
peared tn us a month or two ago, 1 had sometimes an imagination
that it mitrht possibly be come to our world to carry him home;
as a coach cnmes to one's door for other visitors." — Spaio's Artec.
That Bolingbroke was sufficiently mortal to reciprocate
human afl'ection we have undoubted evidence. lie watched
over the form of the dying bard, and watered his pillow
with his tears. On one of these affecting occasions,
Spcnco tells us, he cried " over him for a considerable
time with more concern than can be expressed. * 0 great
God ! what is man ?' said Lord B., looking on Mr. Pope, and
repeating it several times, interrupted with sobs. * I have
known him these thirty years; and value myself more for
that man's love, — than' — [sinking his head, and losing hia
voice in tears.]" Yet fain would this friend have excluded
from the dying pillow of the man he so loved, the last con-
solations which can minister to the soul of the departing:
"The priest bad scarce departed when Bolintibroke, coming over
from Hattersea, flew into a great lit of passion and indignation on
the occasion of his being called In." — Warton.
But when the day of darkness fell on the proud philoso-
pher, the sophistry to which he trusted proved indeed a
broken reed !
" He was overcome with terrors and excessive passion in his la=t
illness. After one of his fits of jiassion, hf was overheard by Sir
Ileiuy Mildmay complaining to himself, and saying. ''What wilt
215 .
BOL
my poor soul undergo for all tbesu tbiDgs?'" — Dr. IV., in Spence's j
Anecdoi^s.
Alas, indeed, for the desolate soul which in that trying
hour must pass through the valley of the shadow of death,
without the rod and the staff of the Shepherd, the strength
of the Cuuiforter, and the fatherly benediction of the great
Judge of all the earth ! " Enter not thou, my soul, into
their sceret;" unto their assembly "be not thou united!"
What a contrast does the "inevitable hour" of Bolingbroke
and that of Addison present to our consideration !
Pope had no hesitation in declaring the object of his
admirati'in to he the first writer, as well .as the greatest
man, of liis age. Many interesting records of his enthu-
siasm will bo found in Spence's Anecdotes. Puxterili/ has
not endorsed the verdict of his contemporaries. In his
Letters on the Study and Use of History, and those on Pa-
triotism and Idea of a Patriot King, and his other works,
we are charmed by grace of cianpoj^ition of no ordinary
character ; but when we seek for evidence of solid judgment,
and the results of dispassionate ratiocination, we shall find
our labour is vain. To quote from the most masterly
analysis with which we are acquainted of the political and
literary character of Saint-John,
" Bol'ingbrokeV abilities were exactly ofthat stamp which astonish
and fascinate those who come into person.il contact with their pos-
sessor,— more brilliant than solid, — more showy than substantial.
His mind was not a profound one; but what it wanted in this re-
spect was atoned for by its readiness and acuteness. He seemed
to ffrasp every thing by intuition, and no sooner had he made him-
self master of a proposition or an argument, than his astonishing
memory enabled him to bring forth vast stores of information and
illustratinu at a moment's warning. Endowed with a brilli:tnt
im.agination, — a prodigious flow of words, — a style wbicli f iscinates
the reader by the incomparable beauty of the language and the
bounding elasticity of the sentences, and an extraordinary power
of presenting his conceptions in tlie clearest light.— his contempo-
raries looked upon him as one of those rare beings who seem to be
endowed with a nature superior to that of common mortality, and
who stoop down to the world only to evince their mastery of all
its lore, and their superiority to its inhabitants. Hut. dazzled as
they were by the vast surtjiceof the stream, they forgot to imiuire
into its depth. We, in modern times, who know nothing of the
artificial splendour with which a 'form excelling human.' — a man-
ner that seemed given to sway mankind. — and a most dazzling
style of conversation, — invested the name of Bolingbroke. are per-
haps inclined, by the exaggeration of the praise once lavished on
him. to do him but scanty justice." — Cutmirigfiiim's Bint]. Htstoni.
Pope himself admitted that there might be a limit even
to the genius of his " Saint-John," when he remarked
" If ever bolingbroke tritles. it must be when he turns divine."
Mr. AVarton confirms this opinion :
" When 'fully attempted piv'trv. be 1 ame a.s ridiculous as Bo-
lingbroke when ho atteoipted phildwiiiliy and divinity; we look in
vain for that genius wbicli prodii.ed tb. Dissertation on Parties.
in the tedious i.bil->snp|ii,:il works, of which it is no exaggerated
s.atire to say that Ibr nasnii of th.-m is sophistical and inconclu-
sive, the style dilTuse anil vitIwsc. and the learning seemingly con-
tained in them not drawn from the originiils. but picked up and
purloined from French critics and transl.ations." — WaHon's Life
rif r.ipc.
Upon the general merits of Bolingbroke as an author,
Dr. Blair has some very judicious rem.arks :
" Among English writers the one who has most of this character
[vehemence] though mixed indeed, with several defects, is Lord
Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke was formed by nature to be a factious
leader ; the demagogue of a pnptdar assembly. Accordingly the
style that runs thiimgb all his pnlirical writings is that of one
declaiming with beat, rather tbaii writing with deliberation. He
abounds ill KhetMikal Figures; and p.. urs himself l^irth with great
impetuosity. He is copious to a fault; places tlie same thought
before us in many dilferent views, hut generally wilb lite and ar-
dour. He is bold, rather than correct ; atoireot that tlnws strong,
but often madly. His sentences are varied as to length and short-
ness; inclining, however, most to long periods, sometimes includ-
iug parentheses, and frequently crowding and heaping a multitude
of things upon one another, as naturally happens in the warmth
of speaking. In the choice of his words, there is great felicity and
precisiou. In exact construction of sentences, he is much inferior
to Lord Shaftesbury, but greatly superior to bim in life and ease.
Upon the whole, his merit as ;i \\ rit.T would have been very con-
sideralile. if his matter had e lualtd lii-^ stvle. But whilst we find
m.any things to commend in the biltn. in the firmer, as I before
remarked, we can hardly find any thing tn comnirod. In bis rea-
sonings, for the most part, he is flini-y .nid f;U-r; in tii-; pnlitical
writings, factions: in what becalls bis pbilos'iplm al (.lies, iiieligions
and SI lilii-tical ill tlie liigliest degree. ... It is indeed my opiniim
that tlii'ii .111- tew writings in the Knglish langu.age, which, for the
mattiT ciiiitained in tliein. can be re.ad with less profit or fruit,
than Lord Boliiigbroke's works." — Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and
Bdlf.'i Leitrex; see Lectures 1'2, 15. 19, and 34.
" He appears to have cjirried into his closet the same heAt and
impetuosity which animated bis soul in the tumult of debate. . . .
There is a fire, a spirit of vivacity in the composition of Boling-
broke, which, when .aciumpanieil. as is occasionally the case, with
perspicuity and ease, must give him rank as one of the happiest
models of the v.-bement style." — Drake's K^saifs. iv. 2.14.
" Visc'innt Knliiigbroke. with the most agreeable talents in the
world, and with great parts, was neither happy nor successfub
lie wrote a'-'ainst the late king, who had forsriven bim ; a'jainst pir
Eobert Walpole, who did forgive him ; against the Pretender and
216
BOL
the clergy who never forgave him. He is one of our best writers:
though his attacks on all governments and all religions (neither
ol'Whlch views he cared directly to own) have necessarily involved
his style in a want of perspicuity, tine must know the man be-
fore one can often guess his meaning. He has two other faults,
which one should not expect in the same author; much tautology
and great want of connexion."— IHi/iWe's ff. and A'. Anlhars.
■■He wrote against Sir Robert W'alpole because he did not forgive
him ; and because he prevented his being restored to tliose honouir
which he wished to recover. That Sir IJobert was implacable
a"-aiiist bim. appears from a speech which he made iu the House,
and wliicb be ..included with the fnllowing imprecation— ■ Slay
his itliimlir n.-ver be reversed, and iiiiiv bis crimes never be forgot-
ten" ■■—it,ml),lii Her., xxix. 3ri7 ; Purk's mdpnle's K. and N. AuUirm.
■■ Lord Bolingliroke had earlv made himself master ol men and
books: but in his first career'of life, being immersed at once m
business and pleasure, he ran through a variety of scenes in a sur-
prising manner. When his passions subsided by years and disap-
pointments, and when he improved bis rational faculties by more
Jrave studies and reflection, he .shone out in his retirement with
a lustre peculiar to himself, though not seen by vulgar eyes. Ihe
gay statesman was changed into a philosopher ecjual to any of the
saiies of antiquity. The wisdom of Socrates, the dignity and ease
of Pliny, and the wit of Horace, app.ared in all his writings and
convers!itions."—EAEL OF Orrery: Mamnrs nf llean Swift.
■■ The name of Bolingbroke has been rapturously lauded by Smol
lett and Belsbam. while his infidel reveries have been ably refuted
by Warburton and Leland. Lord Walpole. who knew him well,
calls him a wicked impostor and a charlatan."— J^W. s y\aliMlt s
K. and N. Authors.
See Life by Goldsmith in edit. 1S09; Biog. Brit. ; Swift's
Works ; Pope's Works, by Bowles ; Coxe's Walpole ; Ly-
sons's Environs, vol. i. ; Chesterfield's Memoirs and Letters ;
Warburton's Letters to Hurd ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.;
Memoirs of Lord C., by G. W. Cooke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo.
Warburton, who defendeil the memory of Pope against
the attacks of Mallet, (Bolingbroke?) felt it incumbent
upon him as a divine to take up the lance in championship
of thoBC sacred truths which his lordship's Essays so ruth-
lessly assailed. His View of Lord Boliugbroke's Philoso-
phy, in two Letters to a Friend, 1754, '55, woidd h.ave been
ill brooked by the noble author had it appeared in his
lifetime. The many absurdities into which his lordship's
eagerness to attack the truth caused him to fall, will be
seen by reference to a book which should lie in every theo-
logical" library— Leland's View of Deistical Writers. With
talents so well qualified to benefit his race, it is a melan-
choly reflection that the gifted Bolingbroke lived a worse
than useless life, and that of him it could not be said,
" There was hope in his latter end !"
Bolingbroke, Henry. A 'Voyage to the Demerary,
Lon., 1807, 4to.
■• The book of a very ingenious man."— ion. Quarter/!/ Hcnew.
Bollan, William, d. nTfi, agent of Massachusetts
in Greilt Britain, was born in England. He imb. a num-
ber of political tracts, among which were. Importance of
Capo Breton truly illustrated, Lou.. 1746. Coloniie Angli-
canse lUustratiB, 1762. A Petition to the Houses of Parlia-
ment, Ac., as agent for Massachusetts, 1774. See Allen's
Amer. Biog. Diet.
Bolland, William, Barrister at Law. Miracles,1798,
4to. The Epiphany, 179',l, 4to. St. Paul at Athens,1799,4to.
Bollard, Richard. Observations, &c. in Churchill's
Voya'.;es. vol. iv.. p. S4ti, 171t).
Bolnest,Edward,M.D. Profcss.works.Lon., 1665-72.
Bolroii, R. Treatise against Papists, Lon.. 1680, fol.
Boltou, Cornelius Winter, b. 1819 at Bath, Eug.
Grandson of the distinguished divine, the Rev. Wm. Jay.
Closet Companion, 1853. Shepherd's Call. Sunday-School
Prayer Book. Tender Grass for Little Lambs, 1854. Ed.
Jay's Female Scripture Characters. Jay's Autobiography
and Reminiscences, 1854.
Bolton, or Boulton, Edmund, an historical and
antiquarian writer of the 17th century. Lite of Henry
n.; The Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to.
" Written in a very pedantic style ; but many curious examples
are brought forward, and illustrated by wood-cuts spiritedly e.\e-
cuted."
Nero Caesar, or Monarchic Depraued, Lon., 1624, fol.
Hypercritiea, or a Rule of Judgment for writing or read-
ing our Histories, pub. by Dr. Hall at the end of Trivet's
Annals, Oxon., 1722, Svo.
■■ A hi^hlv-esteemed and sensible treatise."
'■ .\ considerable person, and a very learned man." — Dr. Anthony
Ham..
Bolton, George. A work on Fire Arms.
Bolton, George. Prac. of Crim. Courts. 1835. 12mo.
Bolton, James. Filices Britannica?. Leeds & Hud.,
1785-90, 4to. A Hist, of British proper Ferns. <tc., 1795,
Svo. Fungnsses about Halifax, Lon., 1788-91, 4 vols. 4to.
Plants of Halifax: in Watson's Hist. Parish of Halifax,
Lon., 1775, 4t.o. Natural History of British Song Birds,
Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to.
BOL-
BON
Bolton, John. Lifeof Chri?.CjTrtwri^^ht,Lon.,16in.4to.
Bolton, Sir Kichard. Statutes t^i' Ireland, Dubl,
lfi21, fol. Ju.sfico of Peace for Ireland. Dubl., 1683, fol.
New edit, enlarged and corrected by Michael Truvers.
1750, 4to.
Bolton, Robert, 1572-1631, an eminent Puritan di-
vine and excellent scholar, was educated at the colleges of
Lincoln and Brasenose, Oxford. A Discourse on Happi-
ness, Lon., IGll, 4to; six edits, in the author's lifetime.
Instructions relative to afflicted consciences, 1631, 4to.
Ilelpes to Humiliation, Oxf., 1631, Svo. Of the Four Last
Things, Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, Lon., 1633,
4to. Devout Prayers, 1638, Svo.
*' He was a painful and a constant prt*;i''ln^r. a person of great
zeal towards Clod in his profession. chiuitHMc ami bountiful, but
above all. a reliever of afflicted (■onsridiiTS, whi-h be acquired by
that manifold experience wbich he had in hims.Of and others; and
prew so famous for it, that he was sout;ht to far and near, and di-
vers beyond the seas desired his resolution in several cases of con-
science."— Athcn. Oxon.
" He is excellent both for conviction and consolation. His style
is rather inclined to the bomhast, yet many expri'ssions are truly
great and matiuificent." — Dr. Doddridge,
" The excellent Robert Bolton could to his comfort on his death-
bed profess that he never in his sermons tau^bt any thins but
what ho had first souirht to work on his own heart. An awakeu-
infr and coiufortinji; writer." — Bickersteth.
" Ills Four Last Things displays great beauties of ima,'j:in:ition."
— Dr. Williams.
Bolton, Robert, 1697-1763, Dean of Carlisle, was
educated nt AVadhiim College, Oxford. He pub. some let-
ters to a lady and to an officer against card-phiyiuij: and
travelling on the Lord's Day, 1748-57, Svo. The Employ-
ment of Time. 1750, Svo. the Ghn.^t of Ernest, 1757. Svo.
Letters and Tracts on the Choice of Company, &c., 1761, Svo.
'' Kach of the above performances cont.-iiTis u'ond sense, li'arnint;.
philanthropy, and reli'^ion. and e^'h of them is calculated for
the advantage of society."
Bolton, Samnel, 1606-1654, a Puritan divine, was
educated at Cambridge. True Bounds of Christian Free-
dom, Lon., 1643, 12mo.
'' A most exctdlent work, containing much doctrinal and experi-
mental truth." — Lowndes.
A Guard of the Tree of Life, Lon., 1647. 12mo. The
Arraignment of Error, 1646, 4to ; other works.
Bolton, Sarah T., a native and resident of Ohio,
has contributed to the Home Journal in New York. The
Herald of Truth in Cincinnati, and to (dhor periodicals.
Her poetical tribute to Professor Morse is creditable alike
to the poetess and her subject.
" Thought and feeling stamp her verses with the mark of sin-
cerity and farni-stuess." — Woiimn's JRccord.
Bolton, Solomon. Extinct Pecrago of England,
from the Conquest to 1769, Lon., 1769, Svo. This is a work
of considerable value. Geographia Antiqna delineata,
1775, 4to.
Bolton, Thcoph.jArchbp. of Cashel. Perm.,1721,8vo.
Bolton, U'illiam. Sermons, 16S3. 4to, etc.
Bolts, William. Consid. on Indian Affairs ; parts
1 nnd 2; 3 V(ds. 4to, Lon., 1772-75.
Bompass, C. C. Light, Heat, &, Electricity. lSl7,8vo.
Bonar, Andrew A. A Commentary on Leviticus,
expos, and prac, with crit. notes, 2d ed. Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Bonar, Archibald. Sermons, 2 vols., 1815-17, Svo.
Bonar, Iloratins. Coming of the Kingilom of the
Lord Jesus, Lon., 1S49, Svo. Night of Weeping, ISmo.
Morning of .Toy, ISmo. Other works. Introduc. and Notes
to Brief Thoughts concerning the fjospel.
''The value of the w.irk consists in (lie i]i',ir and scriptural li'j:ht
which it throws on tliei Insji^t pl.m i.f sal vat inn." — S>:.ffis/i(jiinr'inii>.
"Ood has signally lilrss.'d it. Imth f.rr th- ^^nilianc.. of the in-
quirini; sinner and for tlie comfort of the troubled mind."— iVor^/c
frn Wirdrr.
Bonar,James. Greek Prepositions. Ed.Phil.Trans.,
1805.
Bonar, John. Obs. on the Conduct and Character
of Judas Iseariot, 1751, Svo, (anony.)
''This anonymous pamphb-t displays vi-ry considiTable acnte-
ness. and is not unworthy to he placed by the side of T^ord Lyttle-
ton on the Conversion of St. Paul, and Shaw on the Advice of Ga-
maliel."— Orme.
An Analysis of the Moral and Religious Sentiments of
Lord Karnes and David Hume. 1755, Svo.
" ^Ir. Bonar was a pious and superior man."
Bonar,John. Ecclcs. Constit.in Scotland, 1779, 12mo.
Bonar, or Bounar, John. Advantages of the In-
sular sit. of G. IJritain ; a serm. on Neli. iii. S, 1773, 4to.
Bond, A. Life of Pliny Fisk, 1S2S, 12mo.
''A very pmtitaMe missionjiry work." — Bickersteth,
Bond, Daniel, vicar of Lye, Gloucestershire. Ser-
mons, 1729, Svo.
Bond, Eliz., of Fortrose. Letters of a Village Go-
verness, 2 vols. Svo, 1814.
Bond, George Phillips, A.M., son of Wm. Cranoh
Bond, b. 1825, Dorchester, Mass., grad. Harvard Coll.,
1845. Mathematical Memoirs upon Mechanical Quadra-
tions ; on the Method of Least Squares; the Construction
of the Rings of Saturn, — in which their fluid nature was
first established ; articles upon the Nebula of Andromeda;
Elements of the Orbits of Hyperion and the Satellite of
Neptune, and of various Comets; on Stellar Phutography,
Ac. He participated in the discovery of Hyperion, the new
ring of Saturn, &c. He occupies a high position in America
and Europe as an accurate and assiduous observer.
Bond, Henry, a mathematician of London in the
17[h fiiitury. A Treatise on the Longitude, Lon., 1676,
fol. Coil, cni tlic Magnetic Needle to Phil. Trans., 166S-73.
Bond, Henry, Vicar of Cowley, Gloucestershire.
Three Discourses, 1711, Svo. Two Sermons, 12mo.
Bond, Henry, M.D., b. 1790, at Watertown. Mass.;
grad. Dartmouth Coll., 181-1; settled in Phila., 1S19.
Watcrlowu Family Memorials, with Hlustratious, Maps,
and Notes, Bost., 2 vols. Svo, pp. 1100, 1856. Highlj
commended by B. J. Lossing, S. G. Drake, N. Frothiug-
ham. .tc. Dr. B. has also contrib. many valuable papers
to the mod. journals.
Bond, J., of Gray's Inn. A Complete Guide for Jus-
tices of the Peace; 8d edit,, Lon., 1707, Svo.
Bond, J. Wesley, b. at Harrisburg, Penna., 1824,
Minnesota and its Resources, N.Y., 1S54, 12mo,
'* It contains notices of the early history of the country, of its
geographical features, its agricultural advantages, its manufactures,
commerce, facilities for travelling, the character of its inhabitants,
— evi-ry thing, indeed, to illustrate its resources and its prospects."
Bond, John, 1550-1612, a native of Somersetshire,
was educated at Winchester School and at New College,
Oxford. In 1573 he took the degree of B.A.; in 1579,
M.A. ; and soon afterwards was appointed master of the
free-school of Taunton. Several of his scholars rose to
distinction in Church and State. Annotationes in Poemata
Quinti Horatii, Lon., 1606, Svo; Han., 1621, Svo ; Leyden,
1653, 8vo; best edit., Amst., 1686, 12mo. Many of the
notes are extj-acted from Lambinus. After his death, his
son-in-law, Roger Prowse, pub. a work of Bond's entitled
Auli Persi Flacci Satyrte sex, cum Posthumis Commenta-
riis Johannis Bond, 1614, Svo.
Bond, John, LL.D., d. 1676. a native of Dorchester,
and educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, was preacher
to the Long Parliament, minister of the Savoy, master of
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Professor of Law at Gre-
sham College. A Door of Hope, Lon., 1641, 4to. Holy
and Loyal Activity, Lon., 1641. 4to. Sermon preached at
Exeter, Lon., 1643, 4to, and some other discourses. Dr.
Bund does not seem to have been much of a favourite with
that stout Loyalist and strict Churchman, the never-to-be-
forgotten old Anthony Wood.
'■ This ,T. Bond, by the way, you must know being scarce warm
in the pulpit, but he began to threaten heaven with some of his
divinity. ... In all which sermons, as in others which he deli-
vered in London and "Westnunster. are contained many strange
positions, rebellious doctrines, relipious canlinps, and 1 linow not
wh.at. . . . These fhinpcs I tbonirbt fit to let the reader know, that
posterity may dislin[j:uish liftucrii (hrsaid two Bonds, [see I!oNl>,
.TofiN, oj/^e,] the lirst :l ])o!itr and y:\vi' ci itic, whose labours have
advanced the commonwealth of l./aniin;: very much, and the
other an impudent, canting, and blasphemous person, who, by
his doctrine, did lead people to rebellion, advanced the cause of
Satan much, and in tine by his. and the endeavours of his bre-
thren, brouiiht all things to ruin, merely to advance their unsa-
tiable and ambitious desires. . . . His father. Dennis Bond, shewed
himself a devotee to Oliver's interest. On the 30th of Aug,, 1658,
beiuL' then Monday, and the windiest day that had before hap-
pened for 20 years, he paid his last debt to nature, being then
tormented with the strangury, and much anxiety of spirit. At
■which time, as the then vulgar talk was, the devil came to take
away Oliv. Cromwell, who then lay on his death-bed, but being
not prepared for him, he gave Bond for bis future appearance, and
accordingly on Friday following, being the 3d of Sept., he made
good his promise." — Athen. Oxcm.
Anthony Wood's opinions of republicans and Dissenters
are, however, to be taken cum grano salia.
Bond, John* King Charles, his Welcome Home,
Lon., 1641, 4to. A Whip for the Judges, Bishops, and
Papists, &c.. Lon., 1G41. The Downfal of the old Com-
mon Council-Men, Lon., 1641. The Poet's Recantation,
Lon.. 1612, 4to. England's Reioycing for the Parlia-
ment's Rctvrne, Lon., 1641, 4to.
" I take this John Bond to be different from the other John, [see
above,] who was a Presbyterian aud afterwards an Independent."
— Athrii- Oxfm.
Bond, John, M.D. Med. Works, Lon. and Edin.,
Bond, John. The Sennacherib of Modern Times,
or Bonaparte nn Instrument in the hand of Providence,
1807, Svo.
2X1
BON
Bond, R. Poems, Divine and Moral, Lon., 1
"The divino poein3 in this pamphlet are a paraphrase of the
Te Dcum, of Agui's Poem, of the 10th Psjdm, and of the 100th
I'salm; an Aildiess to tlie Almighty, 'llio Uappy Man, a Morning
Thought, and a Soliloquy." — L'jit. Mmlh. Rev., 1769.
Bond, llev. Robert. Gulden Maxims, N.Y., 32mo.
Bond, Thomas, M.l>., 1712-1784, a native of Mary-
land, commenced tbc practice of medicine in Philadelphia
about 1734. He delivered the first Clinical Lectures in
the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a member of a lite-
rary society composed of Franklin, Bartram, Godfrey,
and others, and was an officer of the American Philo-
sophical Society from its commencement. Ho contributed
to the London Med. Obs. and Inquiries. 1. An Account
of an Immense Worm bred in the Liver, p. 67, 1755. 2.
On the Use of Peruvian Bark in Scrofulous Cases, ii. p. 65.
Bond, Thomas E., M.D., Prof, of Special Patho-
logy, Ac. Baltimore Coll. of Dental Surgery. Practical
Treatise on Dental Medicine, Pbila., 1S51, 8vo.
Bond, William, d. 1735, a native of Suffolk, was
concerned with Aaron Hill in the authorship of The Plain-
Dealer ; a periodical, collected into 2 vols. 8vo. He trans.
Buchanan's History, and edited The Supernatural Phdo-
sophy, or The Mysteries of Masie, [Defoe's Life of Dun-
can Campbell, with a new title-page,] 2d edit., Lon., 1728,
8vo. He also revised, altered, and produced The Tuscan
Treaty, or Tarquin's Overthrow; a Play, 1733, 8vo.
Bond, William. Visitation Sermon, ISOl, 4to.
Bond, William Cranch, M.A., an eminent Ame-
rican astronomer, b. 17.sa, Portland, Maine, Director of
Astronomical Observatory of Harvard Coll. At an early
age he learned the business of watchmaking. His atten-
tion was first attracted to astronomy by an eclipse which
occurred in 1806. He was one of the earliest American
discoverers of the comet of 1811. In 1838, he was app. by
the U.S. Navy Dept. to prosecute a series of observations
la connexion with the U.S. E.\ploring E.'cp. in command
of Capt. Wilkes; app. Astron. Observer to Univ. in 1840.
Annals of Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College :
vol. i., Pt. 1, Cambridge, 1856, 4to, pp. 191 ; vol. i., Pt. 2,
1855, 4to, pp. 404. This part contains bis own catalogue,
5500 stars situated between the Equator and 0° 20'
North Declination. Celestial photography was by him
first recognised as a possible art and conducted through
its earliest stages. The connection of the siilereal clock
with the galvanic circuit was first used by Mr. B. in re-
cording astronomical observations. He is a member of the
leading scientific societies of Europe and America.
Bonde, Cunelgus. Scutum Regale, Lon., 1660.
Bonde, William. De Julii Clovii clari admodum
Pictoris Operibus, (Londiui,) 1733, fol. A work of great
rarity.
Bone, John. Poor's Rates, Lon., 1805, 8vo. Tran-
quillity, Ac., 1801), 8vo. Wauts of the People, 1807, Svo.
Boiie, S. V. Precedents in Conveyancing, adapted
to the Present State of the Law ; illustrated with Notes by
T. 0. Western, 1841, 4 vols. Svo.
" Mr. Bone's work possesses three very commendable features,—
Bimplicitv of design, adherence thereto, ami scrupulous honesty
in ackuo'wlL'dgmeut of authorities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl .
Bones, James. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1762.
Bonham, Thomas. The Chirurgeon's Closet Fur-
nished with Remedies, Lon., 1030, 4to.
Bonhome, Richard. Sermon, Ac, 1675-79.
Bonhote, Eliz. Novels, .tc, Lon., 1788-99.
Bonhllte, P. L. D. Logarithm Tables, Lon., 1805, Svo.
Boniface, Saint, the apostle of Germany, b. about
68C, d. 755, was a native of Crediton, Devonshire, and
originally named Winfrid. He laboured with great zeal
in Germany and Franco, and was raised to the archiepis-
copal dignity — the see of Mentz being made metropiditan
for him— in'738. Opera a Nicolao Serrario Mogunt, 1605,
4to. Epistolie Mogunt, 1629, 4to. Passio, Gr. Lat., Lut.
Par., 1680, Svo. His Letters are the most important of
his literary remains.
Bonnar, John. See Bonar.
Bonuel, or Bonnell, James, 1653-1699, a son of
Samuel Bonnell, an English merchant, b. at Genoa, where
his father resided for some time. James was educated at
Catherine Hall, Cambridge. He became very eminent for
learning and piety. He wrote some Meditations and
Prayers, inserted in his Life, and he jiub. a Harmony of
the Gospels written by another hand, '■ improved by T. B.
for his own use," Lon., 1705, Svo. Sec bis Life and Cha-
racter by W. Hamilton, Archdn. of Armagh, with Funeral
Sermonby the Bp. of KiUmore and Ardagh, Lou., 1703,
Svo; 5lh edit., Lon., 1807.
" Such a character may perhaps he overlooked by some, be-
218
BON
4to I cause there is nothing remarkably striking in it. But the mim
' who is uniformly good, and that to such a degree as JU. Bonnell
was, ought to stand high in our opinion, and to be esteemed— what
he certainly was- a great man.'' — Granger.
Bonnell, George. Wool Manufacture, 1759, 4to.
Bonner, or Boner, Edmund, d. 1509, consecrated
Bishop of London, April 4, 1540, was the son of a "poor
honest man" of Hanley, Worcestershire. He was educated
at Broadgate's Hall, (afterwards Pembroke College,) Oxford,
and took his doctor's degree in 1525. His subsequent his-
tory is well known. Articles (37) to be inquired of in tho
General Visitation of Edmund, Bishop of London, 1554,
Ac. Reprinted in Burnet's History of the Reformation.
"To ridicule them, John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, wrote a book
entitled A Declaration of Edmund Bonner's Articles concernmg
the Clergy of London Diocese, whereby that execrable antichrist;
is in his right colours revealed, 1554, Svo."
A Profitable and Necessajy Doctrme, Ac, Lon., 1554-
55, 4to. , ,, , . V
"This Catechism is said to have been composed by his chap-
lains, r.loloi Ibir|ii»field and Uenry Pendleton,] and to be taken out
of the JiLilitahoii ,,/ a Christian Man, set out by K. lien. 8, only
varied in some puints."
For a list of Bonner's treatises, Ac, see Watt's Bibl.
Brit. Works, printed by J. Cawood, Lon., 4to, sine oimo.
In 1842 appeared Life and Defence of the Conduct and
Principles of the Venerable and Calumniated Bishop Bon-
ner, Ac, by a Tractarian British Critic, (Prebendary
Tremyard,) Lon., Svo.
" This ironical life and defence of Bishop Bonner is an exposure
of the Komish tendency of the Oxford Tracts, and is written
throughout with ability and learning. There is no doubt that tho
author has damaged the party he has attacked."— ion. Allien.
Bonner, J. Copperplate Perspective Itinerary, Pts. 1
and 2, 1799.
Bonner, James. Med. treatises, Ac, Lon., 1795-1818.
Bonner, John, b. 1828, at Quebec, resides in N.Y.
City. Child's Hist, of the United States, N.Y., 2 vols. 16nio.
"This American history is freely written, and contains a fair
account of the settlement in America of the early Puritans, of their
trials and misfortunes, and of their after prosperity and liberty."—
Lon. Athen.
Child's History of Rome; do. Greece, Ac. Registry
Laws of Canada. The Old Regime and the Revolution ;
from the French of De TocqueviUe. Mr. B. intends com-
pleting his series of Child's Histories. Is the editor of Har-
per's Weekly, and one of the editors of N.Y. Herald, (1S5S.)
Bonner, Richard. Treatise on the Eucharist, Lon.,
1548, Svo.
Bonnet, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724.
Bonney, Thomas. Sermon, Lon.. 1763, 4to.
Bonnor, C. Institution for the Blind, 1810.
Bounor, Charles. Pamphlets relative to Mr. Pal-
mer, 1797-1800. Trans, of The Manager and Actor, 1784.
The Picture of Paris, 1790.
Bonnor, T. Views of Gloucester Cathedral, 1796-
1815, Svo. Views of Goodrich Castle, 1798-1815, Svo.
Bonny, Henry Kaye, D.D. Life of Jeremy Taylor,
D.D., 1818, Svo. Mem. of T. F. Middleton, Ac, Oundle,
1821, Svo. Blessings of Peace secured by Piety, Ac.
Bonnycastle, Charles, d. 1840, son of tho follow-
ing. Treatise on Inductive Geometry. Several memoirs
on scientific subjects.
Bonnycastle, John, d. 1821, an eminent mathe-
matical writer, pub. a number of works, Lon., 1780-1813.
An Introduction to Mensuration, Ac, 1782 ; to Algebra,
1783 ; to Astronomy, 1786. Elements of Geometry, 1789.
Treatise on Trigonometry, 1806; on Arithmetic, 1810; on
Algebra, 1813, 2 vols. Trans. Bossut's Hist. Mathematics.
Bonnycastle, R.H. Spanish America.lSlS, 2 vols.Svo.
Bonnycastle, Lient.-Col. Sir Richard. The
Canadas in 1841, 2 vols. Svo. Canada and the Canadians
in 1846, 2 vols. Svo. .
"There is excellent advice, as well as information of a practical
kind, which ought to be treasured up by the intending emigrant."
— L'inil'iii M>rniii(/ Chronicle.
NeKl"Uiidliiiid in 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
"Published under tho sanction of the British Government, and
comprises a full account of this most important colony."— ion.
Athen.
Bonoeil, John. Silk-Worms inVirginia, Lon., 1622,4to.
Bonomi, J. Nineveh and its Palaces : the Discoveries
of Botta and Layard applied to the Elucidation of Holy
Writ ; with nearly 250 woodcuts, Lon., 1S52, Svo. This
valuable volume contains contributions from Dr. Lepsius,
Dr. Grotefend, Mr. S. Sharpe, Ac.
Bonwell, James. Sermons on the Catholic Church,
Lon., 1843. Svo. . .
Bonwicke, Ambrose, b. 1652, a Non-juring divmo,
a schoolmaster, and a man of most exemplary piety, wrote
a life of his son of both his names; Pattern for Young
BOO
Stuflonts in the University, and which was not puh. until
1729, Lon. 8vo. Bowyer pub. this volume, and added a
preface to it.
Booker,DanieI. Beauties of theMass,Lon.,1746,8vo.
Booker, John, 1601-1667, an astrologer and fortune-
teller, pub. A Cable Rope, 1664, 4to. Tractatus Paschalis,
1664, 8vo. The Dutch Fortune-Teller brought into Eng-
land, 1667, fol.; The Bloody Irish Almanac, 1646, 4to j
The Bloody Almanac, 1643, 4to. Booker seems to have
had a most sanguinary taste in titles.
" lie had a curious fancy in jud^^iuK of thefts, and was as suc-
cessful in resolving love questions." — Lilly, the Astrologer.
Booker, Luke, 1762-1836, Rector of Tedstone-de-la-
Mere, 1806, and of Dudley, 1812, pub. a number of theo-
log. and other works. Lectures on the Lord's Prayer.
"This volume contains a series of highly instructive discourses
on the several petitions contained in the Lord's I'rayer." — Londmi
MonOdy Critical Gazette.
Sermons on various Subjects, intended to promote Chris-
tian Knowledge and Human Happiness, Dudley, 1793, Svo.
Historical Account of Dudley Castle, Svo.
Booker, More. Serm. at the Funeral of the Countess
of Drogbcda, 1756, 8vo.
Bookey, Sacheverell. Sermon. 1739. 4to.
Boole, George. Investigation of the Laws of Thought.
Lon., Svo, Mathematical Analysis of Logic, 1S47, 8vn.
Booue, T. C. Book of Churches and Sects, Lon.,
1826, Svo. Marriage Looking-Glass, 1848, Svo.
" An exceedingly internsting work, including snnie valuable
Opinions of esteemed writers relative to Married Life, &c."
Outlines of Man's True Interest, 1844, 12mo. Sketches
from Life in verse, 12mo.
Boone, Daniel, b. about 1730, d. 1820, one of the
earliest settlers of Kentucky, celebrated for his adventures,
drew up an account of his life, which was pub. in Filson's
Supplement to Imlay's Description of the Western Terri-
tory, 1793.
Boorde, Andrew. See Borde.
Boorman, N. Trans, of Hesse's Government of all
Estates ; sine anno, 16mo.
Boote, Richard, d. 1782. Legal Treatises, 1766-91.
Booth, A. Examen Legum Anglias, or the Laws of
England examined by Scripture, Antiquity, and Reason,
1656, 4to.
Booth, Abraham, 1734-1806, pastor of a congrega-
tion of Particular Baptists in London, from 1769 until his
death. Paedo-Baptism Examined, 1784, 2 vols. 12mo; an
edit, with additions, 1829, 4 vols. Svo.
"An elaborate work, published under the superintendence nf
the committee of the Baptist Fund; and considered by the au-
thor's sect as unanswerable." — Lowndes.
Reign of Grace, 1768. Svo.
" A masterly performance." — Dr. E, Williams.
" Highly evangelical, but some of his expressions want modify-
ing."— BiCKERSTF.TII.
Ryland commends Booth for clearness of thought, nerv-
ous reasoning, accurate method, and vigour of style.
Booth, Barton, 1681-1733, an eminent English ac-
tor, was author of those charming stanzas, " Sweet are the
charms of her I love." He left a dramatic piece entitled,
The Death of Dido, 1716, Svo. The Memoirs of Booth
were pub. Lon., 1733, Svo; also by Theop. Gibber, and by
Mr. Victor.
Booth, Benjamin. System of Book-Keeping.
Booth, David, 1766-1846, a self-educated English
■writer. Prospectus of an Analytical Dictionary of the
English Language, 1805 ; Introduction to do., Edin., 1806,
Sto; newed., Lon., 1836, 4to. He devoted the last fifty
years of his life to the preparation of this curious work,
hut one vol. of which was pub. Art of Wine-Making.
Art of Brewing. Explanation of Scientific Terras. These
three works were pub. by the Soe. for the Diffusion of
Useful Knowledge. Strictures on Malthus on Population.
Essay on Jury-Laws. Eura and Zedepyra, a Tale: with
Poetical Pieces, 1816, Svo.
Booth, George. The Historical Library of Diodo-
rus Siculus, trans, into English, Lon., 1700, fol.
" This translation, which is now very scarce, is in high reputa-
tion for its greneral correctness." — Clarke.
" We are indebted to him for the preservation of a multitude of
particulars, which but for him we never should have known."
— AXTHON.
The Nature and Practice of Real Action, &c., Lon., 1701,
fol, ; with the Notes of Serjeant Hill, Lon., 1811, r. Svo.
'' Booth on Real Action is an iniperf-ct and unsatisfactory book,
hut for want of a better treatise upou the subject, ■ is even cited as
an authoritative compilation.' The editor of the American edition,
John Anthon, translated the ancient records from the Latin, and
added a few references to American and English editions, Svo,
New York, ISOS."— Marvin's Legal Bill.
BOR
Booth, George. Essays on Political Economy, Ac,
Lon., 1S14-1S.
Booth, George, Earl of Warrington. Con-
siderations upon the Institution of Marriage, Lon., 1739 :
anon. A Letter on some ReHections in Burnet's History
of his Own Times.
Booth, Henry, Earl of Warrington, 1651-1693,
father of the preceding. Cawe of the late Lord Ku.'^sen,
with Observations upon it, 1689, fol. Tryal for High
Treason, 1686, fol. Works, consisting of Parliamentary
Speeches, Family Prayers, and Political Tracts, 1691, Svo.
•■ A man of strict piety, of great worth, honour, and hiinianitv."
Booth, II. Miscellaneous Pieces of Verse, 1805, Svo.
Booth, James C.,b. 1810, Prof, of Applied Chemistry
in the Franklin Institute: Melter and Refiner in the U.S.
Mint. Phila. The Encyelop;edia of Chemistry, Practical
and Theoretical ; embracing its Application to the Arts,
Metallurgy, Geology, Medicine, and Pharmacy. Phila.,
1850, Svo. In this work Mr. Booth was assisted by Campbdl
Mortit; in conjunction with whom he also wrote A Report
to the Smithsonian Institute on Recent Improvements in
the Chemical Arts, Wash., 1S51. 4to. Ed. T. R. Eetton's
trans, of Regnaulfs Chemistry, Phila., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
Booth, John. Lett, to Ames, on some Ancient Nu-
merals. Archaiol., vol. i. 1770.
Booth, John. Principal Greek Primitives, Huddersf.,
1801, 4to; 1S17, 8vo. The Kingdom of Christ.
Booth, Joseph. Polygraphic Art. Lon., 1788, Svo.
Booth, Peniston, D.D. Ser. on Baptism, 1718, 8vo.
Booth, Robert. Encomium Heroum., Lon., 1620, 4to.
Boothby, B. Synopsis of the Law relating to In-
dictable Otlences, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
"The author has made frequent reference to precedents of in-
dictments, and to all of the late works upon criminal law. The
work i.s condt-nsi'd and accurate, and useful for the purpose of
ready reli-rence.
Boothby, Sir Brooke. Political, poetical, and other
works, Lou., 1791-1S09. Tears of Penelope, 1795, foL
Sorrows sacred to the Memory of Penelope, 1796, fol. Fa-
bles and Satires. Edin., 2 vols. 8vo. 1709.
Boothby, F. Marcelia,aTragi-comedy, Lon., 1670,4to.
Boothby, Richard. Description of Madagascar,
Lon., 1646, 4to. In Osborne's Voyages, 1745. A True
Declaration of wrongs done him by two servants of the E.
India Company, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Boothe, N. The Rights of Windsor Forest Asserted,
Lon., 1719, Svo.
Boothhousc, Samuel. Dey of Tunis, &c., Lon.,
1853, 4to.
Boothroyd, Benjamin, D.D., 1768-1836, a Dissent-
ing miuister, bookseller, and printer, is well known for his
edition of the Hebrew Bible, and his Family Bible in Eng-
lish. The Biblia Hebraica, pub. originally in parts, 1810,
Ac, afterwards at Pontcfract and Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 4to,
is without points, and after the text of Kennicott.
'I It is peculiarly interesting to the Hebrew scholar and critic,
as it contains in a condensed form the substance of the most valu-
able and expensive works." — Home's Intmduc.
" Probably the most useful Hebrew Bible that has been pub-
lished for common use." — Orme.
"A Hebrew Bible with various readings, and synopsis of Bibli-
cal Critics, is a dtsidi ratuni that we hope every miuister and stu-
dent whose financfs.dlnw- will eagerly embrace." — Evangelical Mag.
"A valuable collection of criticisms from various sources." —
BiCKERSTETH.
In 1818 he pub., Pontefract and London, 3 vols. 4to, A
New Family Bible, and Improved Version, from corrected.
Texts of the Originals, with Notes and Reflections.
'■A valuable help to the critical understanding of the Holy
Scriptures." — Hm-ue's Introduc.
"He has very happily blended critical disquisition with practi-
cal instruction, and an invariable regard to the spirit and desipu
of revelation. ... It deserves the encouragement of all the friends
of religion." — Orme.
A new edition carefully corrected and greatly improved,
but without the "practical reflections," was pub. in 1835
in one large 8vo vol.
" I do not think we have any similar work in our lanj^uage ap-
pioar-hinK it in all the qualities of usefulness." — J, I'yePmith,D.D.
'■ The result of a most successful application of the same great
learning; and p;reat labour which had been previously evinced in
his critical edition of the Hebrew Bible." — Ralph Wariilaw. D.D.
" I seldom consult his translation without advantage." — Ingram
COBBIN.
" I have always regarded it as a book of great value." — Robert
Vacghan.
" The sentiments of the author are evangelical and devotional"
— BlCKFRSTETn.
In 1807, Pontefract, Svo, Dr. B. pub. The History of the
ancient Borough of Pontefract, in two parts. This is a
rare work.
Boraston, George* Sermon, 1684, 4to.
219
BOR
Boraston, William. A Treatise on the Pestilence,
Lou., 16;i0, 8vo.
Borde, or Boorde, Andrew, M.D., in Latin An-
dreas Perforatus, b. about 1600, d. 1549, was a native
of Susses, and educated at Oxford. Although a man of
learning, he occasionally enacted the part of an itinerant
doctor, and the tale of Merry Andrew is said to be derived
from him. Hearne tells us that he
"Frequented markets and fairs where a conflux of people used
to get together, to whom he prescribed, and to induce them to (lock
Ihither the more readily, he would make humorous speeches."
His excuse for this Opprobrium Mcdicomm must be the
" rambling head and inconstant mind" which Wood asserts
that he possessed. He pub. several works: Pryncyples
of Astronomye, Lon., 1510, 8vo; reprint. 100 copies, 4 on
vellum, Lon., 1814, 8vo. The first Boke of the Introduc-
tion of Knowledge, the which doth teach a man to speake
part of al manor of languages, and to knowe the usage and
fashion of al manor of countryes, &c., Lon., 1542, 4to;
new edit, by Copland, sine anno.
" Probably the most curious and generally interesting volimie
ever put forth from the press of the Coplands."— DiumN.
The work is partly in verse, partly in prose, with wooden
cuts prefixed to each of the .S9 chapters.
" The first is a satire, as it appears, on the tickle nature of an
Englishman : the symbolical print prefixed to this cliapter exhibit-
ing a naked man, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a roll of
cloth in the other, not determined what sort of a coat he shall order
to be made, has more humour than any of the verses which foUow.'
The two first of the verses arc these :
"I am an Englisman. and naked I stand here,
Musing in my mind, what rayment I shall wear."
"Xnr is the poetrv destitute of humour only: hut of every em-
bellisliTLiiiit. bulh lit iiielii.;d arrangement and expression. Borde
tias all the tmliim'ss nf itllusiiui. and tjarbarity of versification, be-
longing to 8kelton, without his strokes of satire and severity." —
Warton's Eng. lAtetry.
The Breviarie of Healthe for all manner of Sicknesses
and Diseases, Ac, Lon., 1547, 4to. This was approved by
the University of Oxford.
" I am confident this book was the first written of that faculty
in English, and dedicated to the college of physicians iu London.
Take a tast« out of the beginning of his dedicatory epistle :
'■'Egregious doctors and masters of the eximious and arcane
science of physic, of your urbanity exasperate not yourselves
against me for making this little volume of physic'
"" Indeed his book contains plain matter under hard words; and
was accounted such a jewel in that age ( things wliilst the first, are
esteemed the best, in all kinds) that it was printod cum privilegio
ad imprime dum solum." — Fiitlpr's Wfirthirs.
Fuller is much mistaken in giving this work the priority
ho assigns to it. Compondycmse Regimento, or Dietary of
Iloalthe made in Mouute Pyllor, 1562, 12mo; 1567, 8vo;
1576, 8vo.
"Of Horde's numerous books, the only one that can afford any
degree of entertainment to the modern reader is the Dietarie of
Heithe where, giving directions as a physician, concerning the
choice of houses, diet, and apparel, and not suspecting how little
he should instruct, and how much he might amuse a curious pos-
terity, he has preserved many anecdotes of the private life, customs,
and "arts of our ancestors." — W"rton*s Eng. FiieAry.
Merie Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham, Lon., 8vo, eine
anno, sed circa 1565 ?
'■ It was accounted a book full of wit and mirth by scholars and
gentlemen. Afterwards being often printed, is now sold only on
the stalls of ballad-singers." — Athm, Oxon.
" Ilearne was of oiiinion that these idle pranks of the men of
Gotham.atown in T^incolnshire.boreareferencetosome customary
law-tenures belnn.:inc tn that place or its neighborhood, now grown
obsolete; and that r.lnunt might have enriched his book on An-
cient Tenures with these ludicrous stories."
A ryght pleasant and merry History of the Myller of
Abing'ton, [a village near Cambridge,] with his wife and
his faire daughter, and of two poor scholars of Cambridge.
" A meiiger eiiitmne of Chaucer's Miller's T.ale."
Borde was author of several other works. Consult Wood's
Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit.; Warton's Eng. Poetry; Dib-
din's Ames ; Brit, Bibliog. ; Ritsou's Bibl. Poet, ; Dodd's
Ch. Hist., vol. i. ; Cooper's Muses' Library; Phillips's Thea-
trum Poet. Angl. ; Hearnc's Pref. to Benedictus Abbas
Petrobnrg. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet,
" Dr. Borde was an ingenunrs m.an. and knew how to humour
and please his patients, readers, and auditors. In his travels and
visits, he often appeared and spoke in public; and would often
freiiuent markets and fairs where a conflux of people used to get
together, to whom he prescribed: and to induce them to flock
thUher the more readily, he would make humorous speeches,
couched in such langn.age as caused mirth, and wonderfully pro-
pagated his tame." — flearnr's Benedictus Ahh., tom. 1.
" Our author Borde was esteemed a rioted poet, a witty and in-
genious person, and an excellent physician of his time." — Athcn.
Oxon.
Wood also refers to the tradition of Borde's having been
physician to Henry VIII. ; but for this opinion Warton
could find only '' very slender proof."
" A mad physician and a dull poet. . . . Borde's name would not
220
BOR
h.ave been now remembered, had he wrote only profound systems
in liic-d'cine and astronomy. Heisknown to posterity as a buffoon,
not as a philosopher."— Bn.'^iisA Poc/ry.
Borde published the jests of John Scogan, the favourite
bufi'oon of the court of Edward the Fourth :
" They are without humour or invention ; and give us no very
favourable idea of the delicacy of the king and courtiers, who could
be exhilarated by the meiTiments of such a writer."— W.1RT0S.
Borden, Simeon. On Railroads, Boston, 1854, 8vo.
Border, Dan, The English Chemical Physician and
Chirurgeric, Ac, Lon., 1651, fol. The whole Art and Sur-
vey of^Physick and Chirurgerie, Lon., 1651, 4to. Two
editions same year.
Bordley, John Beale, d. at Philadelphia, 1804,
a-'ed 76. Forsyth's Treatise on Fruit Trees. Sketches
on Rotation of Crops, 1792. Essays and Notes on Hus-
bandry, &c., 1799, 1801, Phil., 8vo. View of the Courses
of Crops in England and Maryland, 1804.
" He was greatly instrumental in diffusing the best knowledge
of the best of all krts."
Boreman, Bichard, D.D. Sermons, Lon., Ibb^
Boreman, or Bourman, Robert, D.D.. d. 1675.
The Churclnnan's Catechism. Lon.. 1651, 4to. The Tri-
umphs of Learning over Ignorance, and of Truth over
Falsehood, Lon., 1653. 4to. Mirror of Mercy and Judg-
ment. Life and Death of Freeman Sonds, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Panegyric and Sermon on Dean Comber, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Boreman, Tliomas. Descrip. of 300 Animals, Lon.,
1730, 8vo.
Borfet, Abiel. Postliminia Carolii XL, Ac, Lon.,
1660, 4to. Sermon on Ps. xx. 5, 1696, 4lo.
Borget, Augusts. Sketches of China and the Chi-
nese, imp. fol. £4 4s.
" Affords a far more complete idea of the country and its rana-
bitanls than we h.ave ever seen or met with in all the books we
have been ItKiking at or read before."— ion*m Literary Gaulte.
Borget, Samuel. The Devil's Legend, Lon., 1595, 4to.
Borringdon, Lord. Speech in H. of Lords on the
Petition of the R. Catholics of Irchmd, 1810, 8vo. Ac-
count of Lord B.'s Accident and De:ith, Lon., 1810, 4to.
Privately printed.
Borlace, Edmond, M.D., d. 1682, son of Sir John
Borlace. one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, practised
physic witli great reputation and success at Chester, Eng-
land. Latham Spaw in Lancashire, Lon., 1670, 8vo. The
Reduction of Ireland to the Crown of England, Ac.
'■ A short but instructive work."— Bp. Nicolson.
A Brief Account of the Rebellion in 1641, Lon., 1675,
8vo. Tho History of the execrable Irish Rebellion, Ac.,
Lon., 1680, fol. Wood asserts that much of this book is
borrowed without acknowledgincnt : see Athen. Oxon. It
contains letters from Cromwell, Ireton, Preston, Ac. Brief
Reflections on the Earl of Castlehaven's Memoirs, Ac,
Lon., 1682, 8vo.
Borlase, Henry, d. 1834. Papers connected with
the present state of the country, Lon., 1836, 12nio.
Borlase, William, 1696-1772, a native of Cornwall,
was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He was insti-
tuted in 1722 to the rectory of Ludgvan, and in 1732 to
the vicarage of St. Just. Antiquities, Historical and Mo-
numental, of the County of Cornwall, Oxf., 1754, foL;
2d edit, with additions, Lon., 1769. fol. This work is the
result of much research and accurate observation.
Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the
Islands of Scilly, and their importance to the trade of
Great Britain, 0"xf., 1756, 4to.
"This is one of the most pleasing and elegant pieces of local en-
quiry that our country has produced.'' — Dr. Jnhnson^in th£ Literary
jHessev{jer.
The Natural History of Cornwall, Oxf., 1758, fol. Many
years had been employed in collecting materials for this
valuable work. Dr. B. contributed many papers to Phil.
Trans.; vide 1749, '6.3, '55, '57, '58, '50, '62, '63, '69. He
was in correspondence with many of the eminent literary
men of his day.
" He furnished Mr. Pope with the greatest part of the mate-
rials for forming his grotto at Twickenham. con.sisting of such cu-
rious fossils as the county of Cornw.all abounds with; and there
may, at present, be seen Dr. Borlase's name in capitals, composed
of crystals, in the grotto. On this o<:casiou a very handsome let-
ter was written to'the Doctor by Mr. Pope, in which he says, 'I
am much obliged to ynu for your valuable collection of Cornish
diamonds. I have placed them where they may best represent
yourself, in "a sliaile. but shining;'" alluding to the obscurity of
br.Borlase'ssituiiliiiii. and the brilliancy of his talents. . . . There
is still existing a large collection of letters written by that cele-
brated poet to our Author." — Biog. Brit.
See Dr. B.'s Memoirs, drawn up by himself at the request
of a friend, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, voL v. 291, Ac.
Borne, William. A Regiment for the Sea, Lon.,
1620, 4to.
BOR
Borough, Sir John. See BcnnorGHS.
Borough, William. A New Attractive ; a short dis-
course of the Loadstone, Lon., 1585, 4to. Variation of
the Compass, Lon., 15S5, 4to.
Borrer, Dawson. Journey from Naples to Jerusa-
lem, Lon., p. Svo. Campaign against the Kabailes of Al-
geria, 8vo.
'" Mr. Borrer is an observant and painstaking traTeller. . . . The
season has not produced a more amusing book." — I/mdon Cntic.
" One of the most interesting narratives we have had fur many a
day." — Loudon Examine):
Borrow, George, a native of Norfolk, England, has
pub. some of the most popular books of the age. The
Zincali; or, An Account of the Gipsies of Spain, Lon., 2
vols. p. 8vo, 184L
" A genuine book : not one of those starved pieces of modem
manufacture. . . . There is no taking leave of a book like this.
Better Christmas fare we never had it in our power to offer our
readt.'-s." — London Athenaum.
V These curious and most attractive pages." — L(mdon Literary
Gdzette. See Edinburgh Keview, Ixxiv. 45.
The Bible in Spain, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo., 1843.
'' AVe are frequently reminded of GilJJlasin the narratives of this
pious, single- he-ar ted man. As a book of adventures, it seems to
us about the most extraordinary which has appeared in our own
or any other language for a long time past." — Lonxlon Quarterly
Keview. See Ediu. Review, Ixxvii. 105.
Sir Robert F^l in the Home of Commons, AprU 11, 1843 :
" Difficulties ! ! were they to be deterred from proceeding on that
account? Let them look at Mr. Borrow; why if he had suffered
himself to be prevented from circulating the Bible in Spain by the
difficulties he met with, he could never have spread such enlight-
enment and information through that country."
Lavengro : the Scholar, the Gipsy, and the Priest, Lon.,
3 vols. p. Svo.
'• A book which has a panoramic unity of its own. and of which
scarcely a page is without its proper interest." — Tail's Magazine.
Autobiography, Lon., 1 vol. 12mo, 1851.
"A work of intense interest, including extraordinary adven-
tures in various parts of the world."
BorthAvick, George, M.D. Crystalline Lens. Edin.,
1775. Svo. Con. to Med. Com., 1772, &c. Annals of Med.,
1796. &c.
Borthwick, John. Observations, &e. on Libel, Lon.,
1830, Svo.
" A learned and excellent work."
Other legal treatises.
Borthwick, William. Feudal Dignities of Scot-
land, Edin., 1775, Svo. Remarks on British Antiquities,
Edin., 1776, Svo.
" These northern memoirs will be thont^ht curious and valuable
by the anti(iuary." — MimUdy ffevieiv, 177(i.
Bosanquet, Chas. Commercial treatises, Lon.. 1807.
Bosanquet, Edwin. Paraphrase of Paul's Epistle
to the Romans, Lon., lS-40. Svo.
Bosanquet, J. B., and C. Puller. Legal Reports,
Lon., lSOO-07; and Lon., 1S26, 5 vols. roy. Svo. The last
English edition comprises all their reports. They were
continued by Taunton. Brndorip, and Bingham.
Bosanquet, James W. Chronology of Daniel, Ezra,
and Nehemiah considered, &c., Part 1, Lon., 18^8, Svo.
Bosanquet, R. W. Remarks on Baptism and Re-
generation, Lon., Svo. Pusey on the Eucharist.
Bosanquet, S.R. Works on Theology. Law, Poli-
tical Economy, and Logic. The Rights of the Poor, and
Christian Almsgiving Vindicated.
" A book containing more valuable information relative to the
statistics of economy of the poor than all the pirliamentarv re-
ports ever published. The book should be read by all who "take
the slightest interest in the subject." — Britannia.
Bosanquet, W, H. Let. to J. Wigram, Lon. 1836, Svo.
Bosboon. Plain Description of the Five Orders of
Architecture, with cuts, 1676, fol. ; 1679. fol.
Boscawen, William, 1752-1811, a barrister, was
educated at Eton, and Exeter College, Oxford. Treatise
of Convictions on Penal Statutes. Lon., 1792, Svo. Tran.s.
of Horace into English verse, 1793-98, 2 vols. Svo. The
Progress of Satire, &c., containing Remarks on the Pur-
suits of Literature. 1798; a Supplement to ditto, 1799.
Original Poems, ISOl. 12mo.
Mr. Mathias was not backward in returning Boscawen's
compliments :
'' I never shared the profits of the gown.
Nor yet, with Horace and myself at war,
For rhyme and victuals left the starving bar.
*' This was lately done by 'William Boscawen, Esquire, an Eto-
nian, Srst a Barrister at Law, now a Commissioner of the Victual-
ling Office, and (by an easy transition) Translator of Horace.
Negatas artifex sequi voces. (Pers. Prol.) In this revision of my
work, I have no more space to allot to Mr. Boscawen. or to his
rhymes. It is the fete of some men to describe the history of an
art without making any progress in it themselves; to write verses
without inspiration, and satirical poems without satire. But
what said Boileau?
BOS
' Attaqner C/mpelainV &c. '
Nothing, indeed, is less acceptable than plain truth to irritable
and implacable rhymers: but 1 must say that the unresisting im-
becility of Mr. Boscawen's translation disarms all criticism." —
Pursuits of Literature, 16th edit.
See Mathias, T.J.
Bosquett, Abraham. The Young Man of Honour's
Vade-Mecum ; being a Salutary Treatise on Duelling, ic,
1S17. 12mo. This is a palpable misnomer; for no man
foolish and guilty enough to defy God by fighting a duel,
can possibly be a "Man of Honour." The man who re-
fuses so to disgrace himself is truly the "Man of Honour."
Mr. B. pub. some Essays on Marine subjects, 1818, Svo.
Bossewell, John* See Boswell.
Bostock, John, M.D., 1773-1845. b. Liverpool. This
distinguished physician pub. a number of professional
works. We notice a few: Elementary System of Physi-
ology, Svo. Essay on Respiration, Svo. History and Pre-
sent State of Galvanism, Svo. Sketch of the History of
Medicine, Svo. A list of some of his valuable contribu-
tions to Med. and Phys. Jour., Memoirs Med., Nic. Jour.,
and Ann. Phil., will be found in Watt's Bib. Brit.
Bostock,Peter. Sub. of some serraons,Lon.,1630,8vo.
Boston, John, a monk of St. Edmundsbury, who is
supposed to have died 1410, was one of the first collectors
of the lives of English waiters, and the precursor of Le-
land. Bale, and Pits. Speculum Cocnobitarum; editio per
Ant. Hallium, in Trivet Annal.,Oxon., 1722, Svo.
■'He searched indefatigably all the libraries of the kingdom,
and wrote a catalogue of the authors, with .short opinions of them."
" After the ancient discoveries of Boston and Leland, there hath
been nothing attempted but some rude and disproportiumible
draughts of mean and ignorant designers." — Aihen. Oxon.
Boston, Robert, Sermons and Discourses, Edin.,
1753, Svo.
Boston, Thomas. Serm. on 1 Thess. v, 20, 21,
1694, Svo.
Boston, Thomas, 1676-1732, was a native of Dunse,
Scotland, and educated at the University of Edinburgh.
He was licensed to preach in the Church of Scotland in
If)99, accepted the parish of Simprin in the same year,
and in 1707 exchanged it for that of Ettrick.
Human Nature in its Fourfold State, 1720 j many edi-
tions.
*' One of our best books for common readers. The sentences are
short, and the comparisons striking : the language is easy, and the
doctrine evangelical : the method proper, the plan comprehensive,
the manner searching, yet consolatory. If another celebrated
treatise is styled ' The Whole Duty of Man.' I would call this 'The
Whole of Man;' as it comprises what he was originally : what he
is, by transgression: what he should he, through grace; and what
he iviU be, in glory:'— Hervey's Dialogues.
" One of the best systems of practical divinity ever written." —
Erasmus Middleton.
" Practical as well as evangelical." — Bickersteth.
" One of the few felicitous productions, which, by its own in-
trinsic claims to excellence, has wrought its way to singular pre-
eminence in the esteem of the wise and good." — Lowndes.
Tractatus Stigmologicus Hebra?o-Biblicus, &e., Amst,
1738, 4to. This Mr. B. first wrote in English, and then
trans, it into Latin. It refers to the accentuation of the
Hebrew Scriptures, in which matter he thought that he
had made an important discovery.
"■After all. his scheme of literal interpretation, and his doctrine
of the divine origin of the points, have contributed little to the
better understanding of the Bible." — Orme.
Hlustratious of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion,
Edin., 1773, 3 vols. Svo.
'■ The method and style conduct the imagination to the middle
of the preceding century. The iUustratious are very plain and
familiar, and the strain eminently practical. . . . lUs P'ourfold
State, his Treatise on the Covenants. Sermons, and other practical
pieces, are scriptural, and. as to sentiment, judicious. The style
is plain, without artificial ornament; yet illustrations and com-
parisons often stiiking." — Dr. E. Williams.
A Memorial concerning Personal and Family Fasting
and Humiliation.
" This little work, were no other copy to be had, would be woHh
its weight in gold."
The Sermon entitled, The Crook in the Lot, has been
greatly commended :
" A precious treasure of practical and experimental Christianity,
and has ever been held in the highest estimatirm by all • the poor
and afflicted people,' who trust in the name of the Lord."
Complete Works, now first collected, and reprinted with-
out abridgment, including his memoii-s, written by him-
self, carefully edited by the Rev. Samuel McMillan, Lon.,
1S52, 12 vols. Svo.
Bostwick, David, b. about 1720, d. 1763, a minister
of the Presbyterian Church. New York. Sermons, 1759,
'65, 76. A treatise in defence of Infant Baptism was
pub. from some of his MS. sermons after his decease.
" It is an able production."
aai
BOS
Bostwick, H., M.D., of New York. Venereal Disease,
X. York, 1848, 4to. Other works.
Boswell, Sir Alexander, b. 1775, eldest son of the
biographer of Dr. Johnstm, was murdered in a duel by
Mr. Stuart of Dunearn, March 26. 1822. We say mur-
dered, because we consider all deaths in duels to be cases
of murder, calling fur the hangman's rope fur the survivor.
If both parties escape, then perpetual imprisonment, or
tran.-^purtation for life, should preserve society from the
contagion of those who so disgrace it. A wise man never
yet fought a duel, a courageous man very seldom. As a
general rule, cowards and imbeciles compose the ranks of
the so-called "Men of Honour." See Bosquett, A., ante.
Sir Alexander Boswell was a member of the Roxburghe
Club, one of the originators of The Warder, a celebrated
Scotch Tory paper, and pub. his Songs, chiefly in the
Scottish dialect, 1803. Edinburgh, or the Ancient Roy-
alty, 1810. Clan Alpin's Vow, 1811. See Dibdin's Lit
Reminiscences.
Boswell, Edward. Civil Division of the County
of Dorset, Sherborne, (1795,) 8vo. Acts of Pari, respect-
ing Cavalry, ic. Part 1, 1798, 12mo.
Boswell, Geo. Watering Meadows, Lon., 1780, 8vo.
'■ The ess;iy possesses niueh merit, aud b.is not been surpassed
by the usage of the present time." — Donaldson's AgricuU. Bif<g.
Boswell, H. Antiquities of England and Wales,
Lou., fol.
Boswell, Miss H. The Idiot; a Novel, Lon., 1810,
3 vols. 12mo.
Boswell, James, 1740-1795, the friend and biogra-
pher of Dr. Johnson, was a native of Edinburgh, a son
of a judge, who was called Lord Auchinleck from his es-
tate, in conformity to Scottish custom. He studied law
at Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Utrecht, and afterwards be-
came an advocate at the Scotch bar. Besides the great
work by which he will be known to the latest generations,
he pub. several political, legal, and literary essays. His
Journal of a Tour to Corsica, pub. Glasg., 1768, 8vo, was
received with much favour, aud was trans, into the Ger-
man, Dutch, Italian, and French languages.
■' Your Journal is curious and delightful, I know not whether
I could name any narrative by which curiosity is better excited
or better gratified." — Dr. Johnson to Boswdl.
His introduction to Dr. Johnson occurred May 16, 1763.
Perhaps no one who has read Boswell's amusing account
of this interview will ever forget it ! It is unnecessary to
enter into any detail respecting a matter so well known
as the character of James Boswell. The reader will find
a review of Croker's Boswell's Johnson in the Edinburgh
Review for 1831, by j\Ir. Maoaulay, in which these three
gentlemen are depicted with more strength of colouring
than accuracy of drawing. Boswell's Life of Johnson
did not appe.ar until 1791, 2 vols. 4to, six years after the
demise of his subject. The sale from 1791 to 1805 reached
about 4000 copies. We cannot better occupy our space
than by quoting some opinions concerning this renowned
work. Mr. John Wilson Croker deserves groat credit for
his excellent edition of Boswell. We venture this asser-
tion notwithstanding the unaccountable attempt of Mr.
Macaulay to depreciate the value of Mr. C.'s editorial la-
bours. We beg to present on the other side the commen-
dation of an authority whose decision will hardly be
questioned :
" The edition of Boswell by my able .and learned friend, Mr.
Croker. is a valuable accession to literature ; and the well-known
accuracy of that gentleman gives importance to his labours." —
Lord BaouGH-iM; ortide "Jo7i7(SOT!." in Times of George III.
That Mr. Croker has occasionally lost his way in a wil-
derness of 2500 notes, cannot be disputed : that Mr. Ma-
caulay is not altogether infallible, is equally certain. Our
warm admiration of Mr. Macaulay's remarkable powers
makes us the more regret that the emharran des vicheeBes —
the fruit of his vast erudition — should render him some-
times unable to perceive the merit of those whom he criti-
cises. Mr. Croker's last edit, was pub. by Mr. Murray in
1848, 1 vol. r. 8vo.
■• Boswell's Life of Johnson is the richest dictionary of wit and
wisdom any language can boast of; and its treasures may now be
referred to with infinitely greater ease than heretofore. Enlarged
.ind illuminated by the industrious researches and the sagacious
running criticism of Mr. Croker. it is, without Annht — excepting
a few immortal monuments of creative genius — that Knglishbook
which, were the IsLind to be sunk to-morrow with all its inhabit-
ants, would be most prized in other days and countries by the
stud.uts of • us and our history.' To the influence of Boswell we
owe prolKibly thret^fnurths (*f what is most entertaining, as well
as nil inconsiderable portion of whatever is most instructive, in
all the books of memoirs that have subsequently appeared. A
reaUii guml /^dfj- has now, for the first time, been given with a book
that .above any other wanted oue ; and we pronounce this ' Bos-
223
BOS
weir the best edition of an English book that has appeared."—
Lon. Quarterly Review.
V^G might adduce many more testimonies to the excel-
lence of Mr. Croker's edition. Perhaps a dozen such are
lying before us, but we must content ourselves with the
following : .
'■ We cannot believe that any subsequent improvement will
ever be made upon this edition ; and we have no doubt that it will
excite the curiosity and reward the attention of the reading world.
We hope that we shall be able to repeat the saying of a distin-
guished writer of the last ag.^' Kvery one that can buy a book
has bought Boswell."'— -Vo?-</i .iwerican Heriew.
We add a few more commendations of Boswell's Johnson :
" I now apprecLate. with a keen recollection of the pleasure which,
in common with every tolerably well-educated Englishman, I have
felt, and shall continue to my very latest hour to feel, in the pe-
rusal of the biography of Dr. Samuel Johnson, by .lames Boswell,
his companion, his chronicler, aud his friend. This fascinating,
and 1 may add truly original, composition, is a work for all times.
In reading it, we see the man —
' A'ir ipse. . . .
Sic oculus, sic ille m.anus. sic ora ferebat.'
We even hear his voice, and observe his gesticulations. The growl
of discontent and the shout of triumph equally pervades our ears.
Walking, sitting, reading, writing, talking, all is, lohnsonian. We
pLace Boswell's Johnson in our libraries, as an enthusiast hangs
up his Gerard Dow in his cabinet — to be gazed at again and again ;
to feed upon, and to devour."— DiWiii's Library Ompanitm.
" In these memoirs of Dr. Johnson there are so many witty say-
ings, and so many wise ones, by which the world if it pleases may
beat once entertained and improved, that 1 do not regret their
publication." — Bishop IIoene.
" Boswell's Life of Johnson is one of the best books in the world.
It is assuredly a great, a very great work. Homer is not more de-
cidedly the first of heroic Poets.— Shakspeare is not more decidedly
the first "f Dram.atists. — Demoslhenes is not more decidedly the
first of (Irators. than Boswell is the first of biogr.aphers. Ue has
distanced all his competitors so decidedly that it is not worth while
to place them: Eclipse is first, and all the rest nowhere. We are
not sure that there is in the whole history of the human intellect
so singular a phenomenon as this book. Many of the greatest
men th:it ever lived have written biography ; Boswell was one of
the smallest men that ever lived, and he has beaten them all." —
T. B. M \c.\0L.KY : Efiin. Review, 1831.
" Boswell's Life of Johnson is such a masterpiece in its particu-
lar species, as perhaps the literature of no other nation, ancient
or modern, could boast. It preserves a thousand precious anec-
dotical memorials of the state of the arts, manners, and policy
among us during this period ; such as must be invaluable to the
philosophers and antiquaries of a future age."— C/iaimers's Bwg.
Diet.
'■There are few books that have aflorded more amusement, or
probably imparted more instruction, than wh.at is usually called
Boswtir's Life of Johnson ; which is. in fact, chiefly Boswell's repe-
tition of the conversations of that great man whose name adorns
the titli>p.age of his work. Perhaps it is only from the literary
productions of Johnson himself and scarcely even from them, that
equal advantage is to be reaiK'd."
Mr. Croker calls our attention to the important t.act that
Boswell really eaic very little of his great friend :
" (if above Im-nty years, therefore, that their acquaintance lasted,
periods equivalent in the whole to abcnit thre^quarters of a year
only, fell under the personal notice of Boswell It appears
from the Life, that Mr. Boswell visited England a dozen times dur-
ing his acquaintance with Dr. Johnson, and that the number of
days in which they met were about 180, to which is to be added
the time of the Tour, when they were together from the l.Sth Au-
gust to the 22d November, 1773; in the whole about 27U days.
The number of pages in the separate editions of the two works is
3.^2S, of which 1320 are occupied by the history of these 276; so
that a Uttle less than an hundredth part of Dr. Johnson's life occu-
pies a6ore one-Aa!/' of Mr. Boswell's work. . . . Every one must re-
gret that his pi-'rsonal intercourse with his great friend was not
more frequent or more continued." — Prefaee.
See Boswell's Letters to W. J. Temple, Lon., 1856, 8vo.
Boswell, James, second son of the above, edited
Malone's edition of Shakspeare's Plays and Poems, Lon.,
1821, 21 vols. Svo.
*' Containing a vast quantity of matter illustrative of Shakspeare
and his times, by various eminent authors."
He was a member of the Roxburghe Club, and pub. for
it Poems, by Richiird Barnficld, 1S16, 4to, 34 copies; A
Roxburghe Garland, 1817, 12mo. See a specimen in this
volume of Mr. B.'s poetical talents, — L'Envoy. Memoir
of the late Edmund Malone, Lon., 1S14, Svo, reprinted
from the Gent. Mag.
Boswell, Johu. Workes of Armorie devyded into
throe bookcs entituled, The Concords of Armorie, The
Armorie of Honor, aud of Coats and Crestes, Lon., 1572-
97, 4to.
Boswell, John, prebendary of Wells, &c. Sermon,
1730, 8vo. A Method of Study, or a Useful Library, with
a Catalogue of Books, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. 8vo. Remarks,
Ac., 1750-51.
Boswell, John. Dissertatio Inaug. de Ambra. Lugd.
Bat, 1736, 4to.
BosAVell, J. W. Phil. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1801, '05, '06.
Boswell, P. 1. Bees, Pigeons, Rabbits, and Canary-
Birds, N.York, 18mo. 2. Poultry- Yard, 18mo.
BOS
BOU
Bosworth, Joseph, D.D., F.R.S.. F.S.A., &c., h. 1788,
iu Derbyshire ; avud. at Aberdeen as M. A., and subsequently
prueeeiled LL.D. iu the same university. Iu order to
become a clergyman of the Church of England, he at an
early age taught himself Hebrew, — reading the language
with the cognate dialects Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic,
(irad. as M.A. and Ph. D. at Leyden ; took the degree of
li.D. iu Trinity Coll.. Camb. IS?A, and D.D. in ISS'J; also
D.D. ad enndcin at Oxford iu 1847. Dr. B. is a member
of the principal scientific and literary societies of the world.
1. Introduction to Latin Construing. 2. Eton Greek Gram.
'i. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, Lon., 1823, 8ro.
" This work will prove a most valuable acfjui.^ition to the library
of the philologer and antiquary. The introduction, on the Origin
and Progress of Alphabetic Writing, displays considerable learning
and ability." — Lou. <-\nt. Mag.
4. Practical Means uf Reducing the Poor's Rate, 1824.
'■ We have never perused a pamphlet more replete with sound
sense and practical information than the present." — Critical Gas.,
^ept. 1S24.
5. Book of Common Prayer, English and Dutch, 12mo.
1838. 6. Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, Svo,
1838, 42«.
" This volume contains, within a moderate compass, a complete
apparatus for the study of Anglr)-Saxon. Copious, accurate, cheap,
— embodying the whole results of Anglo-Saxon scholarship, — there
is no other work of the kind, that can be put in comparison with it.
It is tin- fruit of ripe scholarship, enlarged views, and many years'
severe and patient labour." — Edin. Rev.
7. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary,
1848 : abridgment of No. 6. 8. Origin of the English, Ger-
manic, and Scandinavian Nations. 1848, 8vo. 2Lls. 9. Origin
of the Danish, and an Abstract of Scandinavian Literature.
10. Origin of the Dutch, with a Sketch of their Language
and Literature; 2d ed. 11. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon
Version of the Compendious History of the World by
Orosius, ]8o(), 8vo, 16«. 12. Description of Europe, and
the Voyages of Othere and Wulfstan, written in Anglo-
Saxon by King Alfred the Great, 1855. Only 50 copies
printed, £3 3s. Dr. B. is preparing the Anglo-Saxon and
Moeso-Gothic Gospels in parallel columns ; also a new and
enlarged ed. of liis Auglo-Saxou Dictionary.
Bosworth, Xewton. Accidents of Life, Lon., 1812.
Bosworth, William* The Chast and Lost Lovers
lively shadowed in the Persons of Arcadius and Sepha,
<fee., Lon.. 151)1? Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 65, £3 13s. &d,
"Warton remarks that it would appear from the following
passage in the preface to this volume, that Christopher Mar-
lowe was a favourite with Ben. Jonson.
'•The strength of his fancy, and the shadowing of it in words,
he [Bosworth] takoth from Mr. Marlow in his Hero and Leander.
whose mitrbty lines ^Ir. lienjamin lonson (a man sensible enough
of his own abilities) was often heard to say that they were examples
fitter for admiration than for parallel."
Boteler, Edward. Sermons, 1G61, '62, '64, '66.
Boteler, Nath. Sermons, 1659. Dialogues, 1685, Svo.
Boteville, Francis, assisted Holinshed in his Chro-
nicles.
" A man of great learning and judgment, and a wonderful lover
of antiquities."
Botomlcy, S. Grace displayed. 1806.
Botoner, William, or William Worcester, h.
about 1415, d. 1490, a native of Bristol, England, studied at
Hart Hall. Oxford, 1434. Cicero de Senectute, 1475, trans,
from the French. Itinerary; Cantab., 1778, Svo. Anti-
quities of England. Abbreviations of the Learned, and
other works.
Bott, Edmund. Statutes and Decisions respecting
the Poor Laws, 1771.
Bott, Thomas, 1688-1754, a divine of the Church of
England, pub. theolog. works, 1724-30. His best-known
work is An Answer to vol. 1st of Warburton's Divine Le-
gation of Moses, Lon., 1743, Svo.
'' Mr. Bott. seems to proceed in what may be called a Socratic
Logic. He grants for a time the proposition, and helps the oppo-
nent to confute himself, merely hy showing him the absurd con-
sequences.''
Mr. Warburton made no reply to this stricture.
Bottomley, J. A Dictionary of Music, 1816.
Boncher, John, d. 1818. Twenty-two Sermons, New-
castle. 1820, 12mo.
" They are for the most part plain and parochial Discourses upon
some important subjects of practical reli^^ion. The author w.as a
man of superior talents and of sound learning." — Tide Preface.
Boucher, Jonathan, 1738-1804. a native of Cum-
berland, England, emigrated to America when 16, and re-
ceiving holy orders, became rector of Hanover, then of
St. Mary, Virginia, nnd subsequently rector of St. Anne,
Annapolis, ami Queen Anne, in Prince George's county,
Maryland. A View of the Causes and Consequences of
the American Revolution, Lon., 1797, Svo. The Cumber-
land Man, 1792; (anon.) Two Assize Sermons, 1799, 4to.
During the last 14 years of his life he was engaged in pre-
paring a glossary of Provincial and Archaic words, intended
as a sui}]dement to Johnson's Dictionary. He issued his
proposals in 1802, under the title r»f Linguae Anglicana;
Veteris Thesaurus. He did not live to complete his de-
sign. In 1804 the words under the letter A were published,
and in 1832 (the proprietors of the English edition of Dr.
Webster's Dictionary purchased Mr. B.'s MSS.) appeared
Boucher's Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, edited
by the Rev. J. Hunter and Joseph Stevenson, &e., parts
1 and 2, 4to. This collection i>rofesses to contain: I. A
large collection of words occurring in early English Au-
thors, not to be found in other works. II. Additional il-
lustrations of some words which are found iu those Dic-
tionaries. III. Relics of the old language of the English
Nation. IV. An Introductory Essay on the origin and
history of the language.
Bouchery, W. Paraphrasis in Deborae et Baraci
Canticura, Camb., 1706, 4to.
Bouchette, Jos. British Dominions in N. America,
2 vols. 4tn. Topographical D. of Lower Canada.
Bouchier, Barton. Outlines of Grecian History.
" A pleasing and useful introduction for young readers to a his-
tory of larger extent, and many of maturer years may find inte-
rest in its perusal."
Bondier, John. Plain and Practical Sermons, Lon.,
1818, Svo.
*'Very good specimens of familiar parochial instruction." —
Chri^stian Bemeinl-ranrer.
Bondiuot, Elias, 1740-1821, an eminent philanthro-
pist, a native of Philadelphia. Age of Revelation, or the
Age of Reason an Age of Infidelity, 1790; again, 1801.
Oration, 1793. Second Advent of the Messiah, 1815.
Star in the West. 1S16. In this work Mr. B. expresses
the opinion that the N. American Indians compose the
Lost Tribes of Israel.
Bou^hen, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1620-73.
Bou^hen, Edward. Sermon, 1714, Svo.
Boughtou, Sir C. W. B. R. Sub. of a Speech,
1798, Svo.
BonghtOU, Sir G. B. Military and Political Con-
siderations relative to G. Britain and her Oriental Colonies,
1808, Svo.
Boult, Swinton. The Law and Practice relative to
Joint-Stock Companies, Lon.
"A judicious pamphlet, well timed, and written by a man evi-
dently conversant with the subject." — London Standard.
"It will be read with much interest by all who are concerned
in Joint-.Stock Companies." — Albion.
Boulter, Hugh, 1671-1742. Bishop of Bristol, 1719.
Archbishop of Armagh, Lord Primate of Ireland, 1724,
was born in or near London, and educated at Christ Church,
Oxford. His character was most exemplary. Ho pub.
eleven separate sermons, 1714-22. and several charges.
His Letters to several Ministers of State in England, rela-
tive to Transactions in Ireland, from 1724-38, were pub.
Oxf., 1769-70, 2 vols. Svo.
"They contain the most authentic account of Ireland for the
period in which they were written." — Editor of the Letters.
Boulton. Vindication of a Complete History of Ma-
gick. Sorcery, and Witchcraft, 1722, Svo.
Boulton, Dean of Carlisle. Three Essays on the Em-
plovmont of Time, Lon., 1754, Svo.
Boulton, D'Arcy. Sketch of U. Canada, 1805, 4to.
Boulton, Richard. Med. and other works, Lon.,
1697-1724.
Boulton, Samuel. Medicina magica tamen Phy-
sica. Lon., 16j6. and 1665, Svo. A curious work.
Bonn, Abr. Tithes, 1650. The Clergy, 1051, Lon., 12mo.
Bouncher, Samuel, Sermon, 1693, 4to.
Bound, Nic. See Bownp.
Bounden, Jos. Fatal Curiosity ; a Poem, 1805. 12mo.
Bouquet, Henry. Account of the Exp. against the
Ohio Indians, &c., 1766, 4to. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Bour, Arthur. A Worthy Myrrour, wherein ye may
Marke an Excellent Discourse on a Breeding Larke, Lon.,
sine ftuno; broadside.
Bourchier, Sir John. See Berners. Lord.
Bourchier, Thomas. Historia Ecclesiastica de
Martyrio Fratrum Ordinis D. Francisci. Ac, Paris, 1582,
Svo; in Brit. Museum and Bodleian Library. This volume
contains much interesting matter relative to Irish eccle-
siastical history.
Bourke, Jos., Abp. of Tunm. Sermon. 1776, 4to.
Bourke, Lt. Gen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., assisted
Earl Fitzwilliam in editing the correspondence (pub. in
1844) of Sir Richard's illustrious relative, the great Ed-
mund Burke.
Bourke, Thomas. History of the Moors in Spain
223
BOU
BOU
, . -r . f L^ ^ r, L 1-11 ii ■ c 117,-,^.,! I rnl nootrv who have seen the translations of Vincent Bourne, par-
from their Inrasion of that Country till their final Expul- ™^^;^y^™ of the ballads of Tweedside. William and Margaret,
Bion from it, Lon., 1811, 4to.
Bonrkc, Ulick, M;irquis of Clanricanle. Memoirs
and Letters, containing Original Papers anil Letters of I
K. Charles IL and others from 1650 to 1653, Ac., Lon., '
1722, Svo. Memoirs and Letters ; as above, 16il-53, Lon.,
1757, fol.
Bourn, Abr. Letter on the Oh. of England, 1755, Svo.
Bourn, or Bourne, Immauuel, 1590-1072, a di-
vine of the Church of England, educnted at Christ Cliurih,
Oxford, preached at St. Sepulchre's, Loudon. Thcolog.
works, 1617-69.
"This person was well read in the fathers and schoolmen. —
Atheti. 0:cmi. .
Bourn, Samuel, of Bolton. The Transforming Vi-
eion of Christ in the Future State, 1722, Svo. A Sermon,
1722, Svo.
Bourn, Samuel, of Birmingham. Twenty Sermons,
1755, Svo. , , ......
" The doctrine of the Destructionists is largely maintained in
these sermons."
Other sermons, 173S-54.
Bourn, Samuel, assistant to John Taylor, of Nor-
wich, was the founder of a sect of Universalisis, called
after him, Bourncans. Fifty Sermons on Various Sub-
jects, Critical, Philosophical, .and Moral, Norwich, 1777,
2 vols. Svo. Other sermons, 1752, 'CO, '6.5.
'■ His style is si mni.'. nervous, and manly, clear. intelliKiWo and
concise, and the slivntuiv of his sentences well adapted to the
pulpit."— iiJi. M"iillih/ l:, CI. ic.
'' Specimen of a f^ond style for sermons." — Job Orton.
Bourn, Samuel. Treatises on Wheel Carriages, Lon.,
176S, '7:'., Svo.
Bourn, Thomas. Gazetteer of the most Remarkalsle
Places in the World, Lon., 1S07, Svo: .3d edit., 1822, Svo.
•■ We "ivatly approve this work."— ion. Criliai! HevieM.
"Such a body of information and entertainment within the
same comp.ass, we do not remember to have seen." — Lim. New
il.mthhi M'ig.
Bourne, Benj. The Description and Confutation of
the Familists, T,on. 1646, 4to.
Bourne, diaries. 1. Proceedings, ic. in K. Bench.
2. Rules. Ac. of K. Bench, 17S:!-S5.
Bourne, Rev. Ileury. Anti.iuitates Vulgares; or,
The Antiquities of the Common People, Newcastle, 1725,
Svo. This work was rcpub. in 1777, Svo, at Newcastle,
with copious additions, by John Brand; again, L"ii., ISIO,
Svo; anil a new edition greatly enlarged, Lon.. 1SI.1, 2
vols. 4to, by Sir Henry Ellis. See Quarterly Review, xi.
269-285 ; Brand, Jobs. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Newc., 1736, fol. In the compilation of this work. Mr. B.
was under obligations to Christopher Huuter, M.B. See
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. viii. 283.
Bourne, John. Railways in India, Lon., Svo. Ca-
techism of the Steam Engine. Lon., 12mo.
" No book ever published conveys more useful and practical in-
formation on the subject than this Catechism, .ts a popular trea-
tise, it is. beyond comparison, thy best and fullest we have yet
seen." — Lon. Eailwat/ Gazette.
Treatise on the Steam Engine, Lon., 4to.
" Of priceless value to engine-makers and engint^iLsers, contain-
ing a vast amount of practical informatiou on the subject of the
steam emjine, such as is to be met with nowhere else." — Lfm. Me-
chanic^ Mag.
Treatise on the Screw Propeller, 4to.
Bourne, J. C. 1. Views on the tilreat Western Bail-
way, Lim., l.S4fi, fol., £4 14s. 0i7. 2. Views on the London
aud Birniingliam Railway, 1839, fob, £4 14». M.
Bourne^ Nic. Dispute, concerning Religion, between
Nic. Bourne and the Ministers of the Kirk of Scotland,
Paris, 15S1, Svo.
Bourne, Itobert, M.D., 1769-1830, Oxon., 1787,
Professor of tlie Practice of Physic in the University of
Oxford. Introiluc. Lect. to a Course on Chemistry, Lon.,
1797, Svo. Oratio, Lon., 1797, 4to. Cases of Pulmonary
Consumption, Ac., Lon., 1S05, Svo.
Bourne, Vincent, d. 1747, an usher in Westminster
school, was elected to the University of Cambridge in 1714.
His Latin poetry was greatly admired. Poemata, Lon.,
! 1734, Svo. Poemata Latino partim reddita, partim scripta,
Lon., 1750, 12nio. Miscell. Poems. Originals and Trans-
lations. Lon., 1772, 4to. Poetical Works, with his Letters,
Lon., 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. Cowper, who was his pupil at
Westminster, speaks of his poetry in the highest terms :
" I lovti the memory of Viuny Bourne. I think him a better
Latin t'oet than Tibullus, Propertius, Ausouius, or any of tho
writers in his way, except Ovid, and not at all inferior to him."
Dr. Beattie, referring to Boileau's ignorance of any good
poets in England till Addison presented him with tho
Musa; Anglioanae, remarks that
" Those foreigners must entertain a hij-'h opinion of our p.asto-
id Howes Despairing beside a dear stream, of which it is nocoiu-
plimeut to say. that in sweetness of numbers, and ele;.-aiit expres-
sion they are at least etiual to the originals, and scarce Inferior to
any thing in Ovid or TiliuUus."— BeaHie's Essays. See also Ilay-
ley s Life of Cowper; Welch's Westminster Scholars ; Canta-
bricieusea Graduati ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ,,.„ t
Bourne, William. Almanack for 1671. 72, 73, Lon..
1671, Svo. Inueutions, or Denises, 1578, 4to. The Trea-
sure'for Travellers, 1578, 4to. A curious work. Alma-
iiacke for 10 years, 1580, Svo. A Regiment for the Sea,
1584, 4to. The Arte of Shooting in Great Ordinance,
1587. 4to.
Bourns, Charles. The Principles and Practice of
Surveying, Lon., Sv,o, 3d edit.
" It contains all that is required to render it not only a source
of instruction, but also a most excellent work of reference."—
Mimvq Journal. , ,._..,
" On Engineering Survevine there is much valu.ahle informa-
tion, which subject has hitherto been strangely neglected."— Zfiifr-
lin I'orlcl.
Bouse. Henry. Lett, to Ld. King on Bankers, 1S04.
Bouseil. John. Quaker works, 1790-93, Svo.
BoustieUl, Beiij. Obs. on Burke's Pamph., Lon.,
Boutcher, >Vm. On Forest Trees; with Directions
for planting Hedges, &<-.. Lon., 1772, 4to.
BoutcU, Uev. Charles. Christian Monuments in
England and Wales, Lon., r. Svo. The Monumental Brasses
of England; 149 engravings on wood, r. Svo, and fol.
" Eiich number of Jlr. Boutell's collection might form the text
of a moiwraph on Medi;rv.al Costume in its three great divisions.
Military, Ecclesiastical, and Secular."-JrcftOT%icai Journal, vol.
^''Monumental Brasses and Slabs; with 200 illustrations,
Svo, aud r. Svo.
■■Tbe whole work has a look of painstaking completeness,
highly comuiendable."- inndmi Athr.nmim.
Bouverie, Sophia. St. Justin, Lon., 1808,3 vols.l2mo.
Bouvet, T. 1. Muscovite Emiiire. 2. Life of Emperor
Cang-hy, Lon., 1699, Svo. At the time when this work was
published, very little was known of China and its people.
Within the last twenty years (1836-56) many valuable
works on these subjects have appeared.
Bouvier, Hannah M.,b. 1811, at Philadelphia, only
child of the succeeding, and the inheritor of his ardent love
of knowledge, devotion to study, and rcin.arkable powers
of mental analysis, in addition to the ordinary routine of
a liberal education, has cultivated with eminent success
the hi"hcr branches of astronomical science. In 1857, she
»ave t'o the world the results of her studious application in
% volume entitled Familiar Astronomy; or. An Intro-
duction to the Study of the Heavens, Illustrated by Celes-
tial Maps and upwards of 200 linely-executed Engravings.
To which is added A Treatise on the Globes, and a Com-
prehensive Astronomical Dictionary, [with a copious
Index 1 for the Use of Schools, Families, aud Private Stu-
dents, Phila., 1857, Svo, pp. 499. This admirable manual
at once elicited the enthusiastic commendation of many of
the most distinguished astronomers both in Great Britain
and America,— viz. : Lord Rosso, Sir John F. W. Herschcl,
Sir David Brewster, Rear-Admiral W. H. Smyth, J. Russell
Hind, John Narrien, G. B. Airy, J. P. Nichol, Dr. Lardner,
Dr Dick. AViUiam Lassell. George Bishop, A. De Morgan,
Rev W 11 Dawes, W. C. Bond, B. A. Gould, Jr., Lient.
Maurv,'Dcnison Olmsted, W. H. C. Bartlett, Stephen Alex-
ander, and Elias Loomis. We annex a few quotations from
these opinions :
" I consider it a work of great v.alue. It is evidently the resuU
of a careful consideration, not only of the different branches i^I
astronomy properly so called, (as embodied in tbe publication .if
various kinds which have attracted great attention in the present
day especially the records of new classes and with new instiu-
nieiits,) but also of the collateral sciences,— optics, for example.
8o far as I know, no work which 1 have scon, of a parlly-lanubai
character, contains so much accurate information on astronomy.
— Ueo BlDDELL AlRV, AstroHonwr Eoyal nf England, ^m. 4, ISoo.
" I consider it a work very well calculated to give an accurate
knowledge of the principal facts of astronomy and to prepare .a
yoiui" student for the perusal of works of a more abstruse and
teiliiiical nature."— Sm John F. W. IlEnsCHEL, March 2, 1S6|.
" ' Familiar Astronomy' is a work exhibiting the scientific zeal
and intelligence of its author; and from tbe method of question
and answer it appears to be admirably adapted for teaching that
deliL'litfiil science."— REAK-Al)MlE.it W. II. Smyth.
" I bave inspected the greater part of the volunie,and have termed
a very lii^'h opinion of it and of the genius and laborious investiga-
tions of the authoress. It is a work which embraces almost every
thill" requisite for imparting to general readers a knowledge of
every brincb ,,1' a«tr.,n,.mical science; and the information it com-
municates is both amiilc and correct. Tbe volume is handsomely
eot up: the pictorial illustrations are beautiful and accurate, par-
ticularly those which exhibit the nebula: and other phenomena of
the sideVe^.l heaveus."- Db. Dick, Dec. '27, 1850.
BOU
BOW
"Tlie leading facts of astronomy «p to tho present time are ac-
curately and clearly stated: and in the selection of materials, the
arrangement and style, the work appeals to be the best elementary
b.Htk I have seen.' — Lord Rosse, t/te owner of the great Rosse
" lu this list we must not omit mention of a remarliuMi' Aim ti-
can woman, who has achieved signal success in tlir s, i,imi ,i1
astronomy, — who, in fact, may justly be termed thr Mm .-i m^i-
ville of the United States."— TRiiBN£R : BibliograpUital Uutdt^
new ed.. 1S5.S.
Bouvier, John, 1787-1S51, Recorder of the City of
Philadelphiii, Associate Judge of the Court of Criminal
Sessions in the same city, and an eminent legal wriler,
was a native of the village of Codognan in the department
of Gard, in the south of France. Having been a resident
of America since his 15th year, and identifying his name
with American and English jurisprudence, we need make
no apology for enrolling the name of Judge Bouvier in a
list of British and American authors. The first indication
which John Bouvier exhibited of that remarkable power
of analysis which eminently distinguished his mind, was
the production of an abridgment of Bhickstone's Commen-
taries, the fruit of his leisure hours whilst preparing for
admission to the bar. In 1839 he pub. a work, which,
with all the rest of his useful and laborious compilations,
has attained great and deserved popularity :
A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and
Laws of the United States of America, and of the several
States of the American Union; witli Beferences to tho
Civil and other Systems of Foreign Law. Phila., 2 vols.
4th edit, revised, improved, and greatly enlarged, Phila.,
1853, 2 vols. r. Svo. The following excellent mottoes,
than which nothing better could have been chosen, appear
on the title-page :
" Ignorantis terminis i^norantur et ars." — Co. Litt. 2 a.
" Je sais que ehaque science et ehaque art a ses termes propres,
inconnu au commun des hommes." — Fledry.
A layman's commendation of a profound professional
work very properly carries with it but little weight. For
this cause, and other obvious reasons, we have always
preferred, in our Eneycloptedia, to adduce the opinions of
eminent authorities upon works respecting which similar
pursuits had authorized a judgment at once intelligent and
ex cathedra.
'■ Im media t^dy on its appp.irance. this work recj?ived the entire
and cordial approval of our most eminent jurists, such as Story and
Kent. Greenlt-af. Randall, and Baldwin, and was received with
equal approbation in other lauds. Joy. the distinp;uished Irish
writer of ' Ldf^'rx nn Lrrjal Education in England and h-dnu'i: not
only commended it in his volume as a ' work of a nmst rhilioratn
character as compared with Enizlish works of a similar nature,'
but in a private letter to its author expro'ssed his sense of his bi;;h
reputation. To this work the Jud^re had devoted the most unre-
mitting labour for ten years: and during the remainder of his life
he spent much time f>n its improvement. Many of its articles
were rewritten, and lartre additions made to it, so th.at the fourth edi-
tion may be said tn he the work of nearly a quarter of a century."
—From the N.'ti^mul Pnrtmit G>lkr>i of Di'linf,nished Americans.
" Bouviers Law IM. timiary is th.- h.-st hn,.k of the kind in use
for the Ajnei-ican lawyer. U conliiio^ ,sulliri^-nt reference to Eng-
lish and foreign law, with a very full syudjisis of such portions of
American jurisprudence as require eUicidiition. In tin- siTtnid
edition the author recast many of the titles, and ad<Ifd alurvit a
thousand new ones. liy means of correspondence with members
of the bar in different states, and by a careful examination of local
treatises, the author ha.s produced not only a good American Law
Dictionary, but one sufficiently local for all practical purposes."—
Mirvin's Lt-gal Bdiliograjihy, p. 138.
Extract of a Letter to Judge Bouvier from Chief Justice Strm/ :
_ "A very important and most useful addition to our judicial
literature. It supplies a defect in our lihraiics. where the small
dictionaries are so brief as to convey little information of an accu-
rate nature to students, and the large ones are rather compen-
diums of the law. than exphinatory statements of terms. Yours
has the great advantage of an intermediate character. It defines
terms, and occasionally explains subjects, au as to furnish students
at once the means and the outlines of knowledge. I will ft-el
greatly honoured by the dedication of tho work to me. ic. With
the highest respect, truly your obliged friend, .Tosfph Story."
"I have run over almost every article in it. ;iinl ) r.: |. n,. to add.
that I have been deeply impressed with the evi.l- nr . s i hi uii-^hout
the volumes, of the industry, skill, learning, and judgment" with
wliich the work has been compiled." — CH,\.NCEi.L0ii Kent.
"Not only the best which has been published, but in itself a
valuable acquisition to the bar and bench, by which both will
pl-ofit."— UON. Judge B.^ldwin, U. S. Supreme Ontrt.
" One of the most useful works of the kind in print."— IIo.v
Judge R.\ndall, U. S. District Court.
*' For extent of research, clearness of definitions and illustration,
variety of matter and exactness of learning, it is not surpassed by
any in use, and. on every account, I think, is preferable to them
all."— Hon. Judge Greenle.vf.
In 1841 Judge B«mvier undertook the laborious task of
the preparation of a new edition of Bacon's Abridgment
of the Law, in 10 r. Svo volumes, including about 8,000
pages. One of these volumes was edited by Judge Ran-
dall j and Mr. Robert E. Peterson, the well-known pub-
is
lisher of Philadelphia, a son-in-law of Judge Bouvier,
took charge of a portion of another volume. With this
exception, the whole of this Herculean task devolveil upon
our indefatigable author, who completed it in the intervals
of business in only four years !
"Among other improvements, he prepared the first index it ever
had, for each volume, and a genei-al one for the whole. A singlg
sentence as to the character of this work, as it came from his hands,
would be entirely superfluous." See Bacon, Matthew.
Judge Bouvier had now earned a substantial claim to
the gratitude of the profession, by the laborious zeal with
which he had endeavoured to provide for the student a
clue through the apparently interminable labyrinth of
statute anil common law. But he had long felt the need
of a compendious, yet easily comprehensible, summary of
American law, which should at once serve as a guide to
the youthful student, and as a convenient digest <)f know-
ledge, perhaps acquired in earlier years, but now partially
forgotten, by the " Gamaliels of the profession." The
mind of no man can be guaranteed as " marble to retain,"
and between that which we never knew, and that which
we know not when we need it, there is for practical pur-
poses but little ditferenee.
The analytical system of Pothier was held by our author
in great admiration. His mind was essentially of tho same
ca.st — delighting in rigid analysis of subject, scrupulous
care in classitication, and severe accuracy in definition
and terminology. It is well known that the compilers of
the Code Napoleon owe much of the credit which has re-
warded their labours to the Pandectce Justinianea?, and
other works of Pothier. Judge Bouvier determined to
undertake a compend of American law, based upon the
method of Pothier. Finding his own views as to the sys-
tematical arrangement of legal subjects confirmed )>y so
eminent an authority, he was strengthened by that en-
couragement which mental assimilation always confers
upon men of remarkable grasp of intellect. When con-
templating "enterprises of great pith and moment," it is
a great satisfaction to the adventurer to find that others
have been inflamed by the same zeal, and buoyed up under
difficulties by a like hope. The .sailor who " hugs the
coast," cares little for companionship; but he who en-
counters a fellow-mariner on the wide waste of waters feels
the consolations of sympathy and continues his voyago
with renewed courage. That we may not be suspected of
under-estimation of labours of which we must necessarily
be an incomjietcnt judge, we shall strengthen our position
by some brief extracts from some of tho most learned " opi-
nions" of which the American bench and bar can boast.
The Institutes of American Law was pub. in 1S51. in 4
vols, Svo. The author may be said to have "died in the
harness:" in two mouths after he had the gratification of
seeing the result of his arduous labours given to the world,
he was gathered to the "house appointed for all living."
" It is ft work of very great value. . . . The general plan, and the
order and airani^ement of the subjects of which it treats, could
not. 1 thinli. be inqjroved. And I may say the same thing of the
manner in wbii-h the plan is carried into execution. For every
principle and rule is stated with brevity and perspicuity, and sup-
ported by proper reference."— lloN. Roger B. Tanet, Chief Justice
of the United States.
'■ I know of no work which shows so much research, and which
embodies so generally the elementary prinriples of American Law,
as the Institutes of Mr. Bouvier. His name is most favourably
known to the profession by his previous works; and I am greatly
mistaken if his Institutes shall not add to his high reputation as
an able and learned law-writer. The Institutes ought not only to
be found in the hands of every student of law, but on the shelf
of every lawyer."— Hon. John McLean, Associate Judge of the isUr
preme Cmtrt of the Unitrd Slatn.
'• It forms a valuable addition to legal science, and is well calcu-
lated to be'-ome a text-book tor students." — IIos. John M. Read.
Judges Wayne, Greenleaf, Green, Grier, Irwin, and Kane,
add their testimony to the high authorities quoted above.
Bovet, Richard* Pandajmonium, or the Devil's Cloy-
ster; being a Further Blow to Modern Sadducei.sm, proving
the Existence of Witches and Spirits, Lou., 1684, Svo.
Bovyer, K, G, Kducatiun for the Infant Poor, 1811.
Bowack, JoUn. Antiquities of Middlesex: Parts 1
and 2, all pub.. Lon., 1705, fol.
Bowater, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, Svo.
Bowber, Thomas. Sermon, ISOo, 4to.
Bowchier,Josh. ihercticus Triumphatus,Oxon.,1719.
Bowchier, Richard* Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to.
Bowdeu, A. Treatise on the Dry Hot, Lon., 1815, Svo,
Bowdcn, James. Covenant-Kight of Infants as to
Baptism. Lon., ]2mo. Family Conversations, 12mo. His-
tory of the Society of Friends in America, p. 8vo. Reli-
gious Education Enforced, 12mo.
Bowdeu, John. Epitaph-Writer; containing 600
225
BOW
Epitaphs, Jloral, Admonitory, Humorous, and Satirical,
L'ln., Ufll, 12mo.
Bowden, John. Serm., 1704, '15?
Bowden, John, D.D., d. 1817, aged 65, Professor of
Bolles-Leltres and Moral Philosophy in Columbia College,
New York, was an Episcopal clergyman for more than forty
years. In 17S7, he was rector of Norwalk. He was elected
Bishop of Connecticut, but, as he declined, Dr. Jarvis was
appointed. Dr. B. pub. A Letter to E. Styles, 1787, and
The Apostolic Origin of Episcopacy, in a Series of Letters
to Dr. Miller, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808.
Bowden, John William. The Life and Pontificate
of Gregory Vlt., [llildebrand,] 2 vols. 8vo, Lon, 1840. bee
a review in Brit. Critic, xxLv. 280.
Bowden, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1804, 8vo. Prayers
and Discourses for the Use of Families, 1816, 8vo.
"The subjects of thi-.so Sermons are of a practical nature, and
the preacher discourses on them with calmness and simplicity.
Bowden, Thomas. The Farmer's Director; or. Com-
pendium of English Hu,sbandry, Lon., 8vo. Donaldson
(in Agricult. Biog.) places this work under 1803 and also
""fiowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790-1824 a native
of Bristol. 1. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee,
""Aw.irk of cimsiderable importance, from the account it gives
us of a people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and from the
lieht which the very diligent and laborious inqmncs of Mr. Bow-
dich have thrown upon the geography of Africa, '—Edm. htv.
2.
and
o Trans. Mollien's Travels to the Sources of the Senegal
and Gambia. 3. British and French Expedition to Teembo.
4 Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in Angola
and Mozambique, 1824, 8vo. 6. Excursions in Madc-ira
and Porto Santo, Ac, 1825, 4to. This was pub. by his
widow. Three works, illustrated, on Mammalia, Birds,
and Shells. Other works and essays.
Bowditch, Nathaniel, LL.D., 1773-1838, a native
of Salem, Massachusetts, has won an enduring reputation
by his translation of, accompanied with a commentary <.n,
the Mccanirpie Celeste of La Place, pub. in 4 large 4to
vols., Boston, 1829, '32, '34, '38. The example of Bowditch
should operate as a stimulus to the ambition of every un-
educated youth who desires to supply the defects of earlier
years. The son of a cooper, he was taken from school at
the ago of ten year.s, and apprenticed to a ship-chandler.
On aft.aining his majority, he went to sea as an inferior
officer in a merchant vessel. So great was his thirst fur
knowledge, and so accurate his powers of ob.5ervation,
that he had arranged an Almanac, complete in all its parts,
at the age of 15. His first publication was The Practical
Navigator. , ^,_ .. , ■
•■ Scarcely suiTOSsed in usefulness by any of the time, ana im-
mpdiately driving all others of the same class out of circulation.
^X. Anictiotn Kfxiew.
The English edit, of this work, edited by Kirby, was
pub. in Loudon by Mr. Hardy, 1802, 8vo. By accident he
obtained a copy of Newton's Principia, and taught Inmsclf
Latin that ho might read the work, and he made a transla-
tion of the whole.
He made four voyages to the East Indies, and one to
Europe, and at the age of 30 became President of an In-
surance Company in his native town. Tliis office he held
for twenty years, when he was transferred to the place of
Actuary of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Cunpany,
which post he held for the rest of his life. Ho lived to
superintend through the press the whole of his translation
of La Place, with the exception of the pages /losf 1000 of
vol. iv. The expense of publication was estimated at
$10,000, (which it exceeded,) and although the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences and some of his person.al
friends offered to issue the work at their own cost, he de-
clined their liberal proposal, and determined, with tho
consent of his family, to undertake it himself. Their
decision as to whether he should expend one-third of
Ms fortune in this enterprise deserves to he recorded.
His wife, without whose encouragement Bowditch often
declared his great work would never have seen the light,
urged him to give the result of his labours to the world,
and promised to make any sacrifice which would facilitate
his plans. His children urged him to go on : " We value
your reputation more th.an your money," was their noble
response. The work was most favourably received.
" The idea of undert.aking a translation of tlie whole M^canique
Celeste, accomiKinied t hniUKln lut with a .oiiinus running' comment-
ary, is one whitb sa\iiurs, at tii^t sisbt, ..f 111.- <ii!iaiil.s:pi,\ and is
certainly one whicli, fn>iii \vhat we have hithertu h:ia rc.-ison to
conceive of the popularity and dilTu,sion of matheniatical know-
ledge ou the opposite shores of the Atlantic, we should never have
BOW
expected to have originated— or. at least, to have been can-iedinto
e'-ecutlnn— in that quarter. The first volume only has as yet
reached us: and when we consider the gre.it difficulty ol printing
works of this nature, to sav nothing of the heavy and probably
unremuneratcd expense, we are not surprised at the delay of the
second Meanwhile, the p.art actually completed (which contains
the first two books of Laplace's work) is, with few and slight ex-
ceptions, just what we could have wished to see— an exact and
careful translation into very good English— exceedingly well
printed, and accompanied with notes appended t«each page, which
leave no step in the text of moment unsupplied. and hardly auy
material difiiculty either of conception or reasoning unelucidated.
To the student of ' Celestial Mechanism' such a work must be iu-
valuablc,''— iffli. Qiiarterly Revkw, vol. xlvii. 1832,
See Review by B. Peirco in N. American Review, xlviii.
143 : also notices of Bowditch, in American Jour, of
Science, xxxv. 1 ; Hunt's Mag., i. 33 ; Am. Almanac, 1836,
228; Amer. Quar. Reg., xi. 309; Oration by Mr. Pickering
before the American Academy; Discourse by Judge White;
Private Memoir by N. I. Bowditch, Best., 1839.
Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, eldest son of tha
preceding, b. in Salciu, Mass., removed to Boston, 1823. 1.
Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, prefixed to Mecanii(uo Ce-
leste, 1839; 2d ed., 1840, 4to. 2. History of the Massa-
chusetts General Hospital, 1851, 8vo. 3. Suffolk Surnames,
Bost., 1S57; 2ded., enlarged, 1858, Svo.
Bowditch, Samuel. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1713.
Bowdler, Miss E. Sermons on tho Doctrine and
Duties of Christianity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Of these Scr-
mons, 43 editions had been sold in 1836. Bishop Porteus
admired them so highly that he directed the publisher to
inform their clerical author that he would provide him
with " a living" in his gift. Poems and Essays, Ac.
Bowdler, Mrs. H. M. Practical Observations on
tho Revelation of St. John; 2d edit., Bath, 1800, 12mo.
Designed for those who have not leisure or inclination to
examine the prophetical meaning of the Apocalypse.
'- Jlany such readers will doubtless be found ; and whoever
takes up the book with a serious mind, will be edified by the good
sense, jii-'ty. and modesty of the writer." — Brit. Ciitic. O. S. vol. xvi.
Pen T.amar, or the History of an Old Maid, Lon., Svo.
" Written with great simplicity." Lon. Monthly Seview.
Other works.
Bowdler, John. Reform or Ruin, Lon., 1779, Svo.
Bowdler, John, Jr., barrister. Select Pieces in
Prose and Verse, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo.
"The peculiar value of these volumes is the combination of
talent, of taste, and of pietv which they exhibit."— £cti. Q. Rev.
Theological Tracts, 1818, 12mo.
" An able writer,' —Bickebsteth. il w » ,.»
Bowdler, Thomas, 1782-1S57. Serms. on the Nature,
Offices, and Character of Jesus Christ, Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
Other works. „ tt n ,3
Bowdler, Thos., 1754-1825. Letters from Holland.
Lon., 1788, Svo. Life of General ViUetfes, &,<•., 1815, Svo.
Liberty, Civil and Religious, 1816, Svo. The Family
Shakspearc; in which nothing is added to the original
Text; but those AYords and Expressions are omitted which
cannot with Propriety be read aloud in a Family, Lon.,
8 vols. Svo, £4 Ms. 6d.; and 10 vols. r. 18mo, £3 3s.
"We are of opinion, that it requires nothing more than a notice,
to bring this very meritorious puijliration into general circulation.
It is quite undeniable, that there are many passages, in Shaks-
pearc which a father could not read aloud to his children ; a bro-
ther to his sister; or a gentleman to a lady. Mr. Bowdler has
oulv effaced those gross indecencies which every one mu.st have
feltas hlemishes, and by the removal of which no imaginable ex
cellence can be attected. So far from being nnssed on then- re-
moval, the work gener.ally appears more natural and harmonious
without them."— fiiin. ifcr.,No.71. See Athen. 1Sd8, Pt 2, 233.
F.aniily Gibbon; reprinted from the Original Text, with
the careful Omission of all Passages of an irreligious or
immoral Tendency, 5 vols. Svo, £3 3fi.
Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, was author of a poetic Paraphrase of the Econo-
my of Human Life, 1759. He also pub. a philosophical
discourse, addressed to tho American Academy of Arts
and Sciences in Boston, 1780 — the year in which he be-
came president of the Institution. This, and several other
papers of his, will bo found in the first vol. of the Society's
Memoirs. ^ 1 , i .
" These productions manifest no common taste and talents in
astrnnnraical inquiries,"
Bowdoin, James, 1752-1811, son of the preceding,
minister of the United States to Spain, pub. a trans, of
Dauberton's Advice to Shepherds; Opinions respecting
the Commercial Intercourse between the United States
and Great Britain, (anon.) , ,, t»
Bowen, Mrs. Kenilworth Castle, and other Poems,
Lon., Svo. Ystradffin; a Descriptive Poem, 8vo.
Boweu, Captain. A Statemont of Facts, 1791, Svo.
Boweu, Eli, b. 1824, iu Lancaster Co., Pcnn. 1. Coal
BOW
BOW
Regions of Pennsylvania, 8vo. 2. The U. S. Post-Office
System, Svo. 3. Pictorial Skctch-Book of Pennsylvania,
8vo. 4. Ranitjles in the Path of the Steam-lLirse, 8vo,
Bowen, Emanuel. English Atlas, Lon., 1747, 2
vols. fol. A t'omiilete Atlas, Lon., 1752, fol.
Bowen, Francis, h. Sept. 8, 1811, at Charlcstown,
Mass.; grad. at llarvarJ Coll.. 183.3; Alford Prof, of Na-
tural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity in Har-
vard Coll.: editor of the N. Aiu'er. Rev., 184.3-54. Essays
on Speculative Philosophy. Bost., 1842, 12mo: sec notice in
Eelec. Mag., v. 215. Virgil, with English Notes, Bost, 8vo.
Lowell Lectures on the Application of Metaphysical and
Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion, Bost., 1849, 8vo.
See notices in Chris. E.\am., xlviii. 88 ; Chris. Rev., xv. 78.
" Mr. Bowen's Lectures were received with very great satisfaction,
as they were delivered before auditors tit. and yet not few. Now
th.^t they are in print, we believe that they will be re^'arded as ex-
hibiting signal ability, and as possessing very high merits, by
those who, not having beeu hearers, shall give' them a careful pe-
rusal. . . . We shall be disappointed if his volume is not received
as a most valuable contribution to speculative philosophy, not
merely by men of the conservative and cautious schools, but by
the mass of those deliberate and unprejudiced readers who know
not that they belong to any party. . . . We commend this volume,
first of all, bec.iuse it is written in the vernacular tongue, in
good, wholesome English. It is free from barbarisms, Ger-
manisms, and all affectations. The author knew what he wished
to say, and he said it in a way to let us know what it was." —
Christian Exami7ier.
To Mr. Bowen wo are indchtcd for an edition, revised
and corrected, with an addition of a History of tho U.
States, of Dr. Weber's Outlines of Universal History,
Boston, r. Svo.
Documents of the Constitution of England and America
from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789,
compiled and edited, with Notes. Oamliridge, 1854, Svo.
Dugald Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the
Human Mind ; revised and ahridgcd, with Critical and
Kxplauatory Notes, for the Use of Colleges and Schools,
Host, and Canib., 12mo, 1854. Principles of Political
Economy Applied to the Condition, Resources, and Insti-
tutions of the American People, Bost., 1856, Svo. See
favourable reviews in Christian Examiner, and North
American Review, April, 1S56.
"Francis Bowen is a clear, forcible, independent thinker, and
has much precision and energy of style. His coutributions on
metaphysical subjects, and on the principles of law and govern-
ment, are of a very high character. lie is a man of large acquire-
ments both in literature and philosophy." — GriswoUl's Pi-ose- Wri-
ters of America.
Bowen, James, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Bowen, Malconi. Construction of Sails of Ships,
1S05, 4to.
Bowen, Pardon, M.D., 1757-1826, R.I.. pub. an
elaborate account of the Yellow Fever of Providence, in
Hosack's Med. Reg., vol. iv. See Thacher's Med. Biog.
Bowen, Samuel. Sermon on Ps. xviii. 46, Svo.
Bowen, T.J. Central Africa: Adventures and Mis-
sionary Lahors in Several Countries in the Interior of Africa
from 1849 to 1856, Charleston, S.C, 1S57. 12mo.
"On the whole, we can commend-the book as fit and seasonable."
—Lm. Athcmiiim, .July 4, 1857.
Bowen, Thomas. Thoughts on the Necessity of
Mt»ral Discipline in Prisons as Preliminary to the Reli-
gious Instruction of Offenders, Lon.. 1777-98. Svo. Ser-
mons, 1798-99. 4to. Bethlehem Hospital, 1783, 4to.
Bower, Alex. An Account of the Life of James
Beattie. LL.l). in which are occasionally given Characters
of the Priucii>al Literary Men and a Sketch of the State
of Literature in Scotland during the last century, 1804, Svo.
" This narrative will he perused with pleasure by 'those who are
satistied with plain facts recorded in plain language." — London
Monthly Heview, 1K05.
The Life of Luther: with .an Account of the E.arly Pro-
gress of the Reformation, Svo.
History of the University of Edinburgh, 3 vols. Svo.
Bower, Archibald, 1686-1766, a native of Dundee,
Scotland, was educated at the Scots College, Douay, re-
moved to Rome in 1706, and became a Jesuil in 1712. In
1726 he came to England, having fled from the Inquisition
.at Macerata. of which he was an officer, and about 1732
he conformed to the Church of England. He was read-
mitted into the order of the Jesuits about 1744, after
which he again became a Protestant. His wife declared
that he died in the Protestant faith : his will contains no
declaration as to \nsjlnal religious opinions. It is difficult
to tell what degree of credit to allow either to his repre-
sentations or to the charges of his enemies, hut there is
enough doubt upon the subject to prevent his being very
zealously claimed by either the Church of England or
that of Rome. I
Whilst living with Lord Aylmer, he undertook the charge
of tho Historia Literaria; or an Exact and Early Acciumt
of the most VaUbable Books published in the several Parts
of Europe : pub. monthly, 1730-34. 4 vok. Svo. Ho wrote
the preface to this work, and several of the articles in
Italian, being as yet unskilled in the English language.
See Review of Reviews, by the author of this Dictionnry, in
Putnam's Monthly Mag., New York, vol. i. and ii., 1853-54.
From 1734 to 1744 he was emjdoyed by the proprietors
of the Univers.al History, in writing for that work tho
Roman History, which Ps.almanazar (who wrote must of
the other portions of the Ancient History in that collec-
tion) declares that he did very ill. See Psalmanaz,ar's
Life, p. 308. Bower also edited the second edition <.f the
Universal History, .and received £200 for doing very little,
and that done so badly as to require careful revision. The
value of this extensive series, 1749-66, hound in 65 vols.,
sometimes in a fewer number, is not to be disputed.
"I generally consult the Univcrs.il Ilistoiy. a work of great
merit-and perhaps not sufficiently v.alucd." — Btt'thr's lIoraBil'li(yp.
"Consult the volumes of the t'luvcrsal History, where von will
find, either in the text or references, every historical info'i-mation
which can well be required."— iVe/'. Smyth's Led. on Mmhrii lli.^t.
Warburton refers to "the infamous rhapsody, called the
Universal History — miserable trash," but of all Literary
Bull Dogs, perhiips the bosom friend of Pope was the most
dogmatic. Gibbon's opinion draws a just discrimination :
" The excellence of the fii-st part of the Universal History is ge-
nerally admitted. The History of the Macedonians is executed
with much erudition, taste, and judirment. The history would be
inv.alualile, were .ill its parts of the s:ime merit." — Miscell. Wi>rl:s.
Mr. Swinton gave Dr. Johnson a list of the authors, which
will be found in a note from the doctor to Nichols, Dec. 6,
17S4. (Boswell's Johnson.) Bower now turned his atten-
tion to the publication of a History of the Popes, a portion
of which ho says he had prepared whilst at Rome. This
work was pub. at intervals from 174S-66, 7 vols. 4to. In
the year in which his 1st vol. apjicared, he was appointed
Librarian to Queen Caroline. This history led to a warm
controversy. His character was attacked as entirely un-
worthy of credit, and sufficient evidence was produced to
ruin his reputation with the public .at large, notwithstand-
ing his exculpatory pamphlets, (pub. 1756-61.) His tried
friend, Lord Lyttelton, however, refused to credit any
thing against Bower :
" The merit of the work will beai- it np against all these attacks ;
and as to the ridiculous story of my having discarded him. the in-
timate friendship in wliii h we continue tn live will be a sufficient
answert-i th;it. ;uid better tli;ni any t.stiniony formally given " —
Lord Li/ltdtnn U, Dr. Doddridye, Oct. 1761.
In 1757 an abridgment of the first four vols, of tho His-
tory of the Popes was pub. in French, at Amsterdam. An
idea of the incompetency of the author for the production
of a great historical work, may be inferred from the fact
that he compresses the eventful history of the Church from
1600 to 1758 into 26 pages!
When Bower can confirm his position by history, wo
give him credence ; where his assertions only are in court,
we give tho accused the benefit of the doubt. See the
Rev. Henry Temple's strictures, entitled Bower Detected
as an Historian ; or. His Many Essential Omissions and
More Essential Perversions of Facts in Favour of Popery
Demonstrated, Lon., 1758, Svo; also see Douolass,
Bishop.
Bower, Edward. Dr. Lamb Revived, &c. : 2 tracts
npon Witchcraft. Lon., 1653, 4to.
Bower, John. Con. to Ann.als of Med., 1S02.
Bower, John, Jr. Abbey of Melrose, 1813, Svo.
Bower, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717.
Bower, Walter. Prologues in John Fordun's Scoti
Chron., edit. Tho. llearne : see FonnuN, J. On Fordun's
work much uf the early history of Scotland is founded.
Bower, William. Miscell. Tracts, Lon., 1788, 4to.
Bowerbank, John. Journal on the Bellerophon. 1815.
Bowerbank, John Scott, b. 1797, in London, a
distinguished naturalist. Contrib. valuable papers to the
Entomological Mag., Tra.ns. Microscopical Soc, (])rinci-
pally on the Sponges,) Trans. Geol. Soc, Trans. Palteon-
tographical ,Soc, — which he founded in 1848, — and to
Mag. of Nat. Hist. History of the Fossil Fruits and
Seeds of the Loudon Clay, 1840, r. Svo.
Bowerbank, T. F., M.D. A Sermon, 1815, 8yo.
Bowers, Thomas, lip. of Chichester. Serm.l722,8vo.
Bowes, Sir Jerome. Trans, from the French of .an
Apology for the French Reformed or Evangel. Christians,
Lon., 1579, Svo.
Bowes, Paul. Journal of Parliament in the Reign
of Elizabeth. 1BS2. fol.
Boues, Thomas. Trans, of the Second Part of
Primaudaye's Frcnche Academic, Lon., 1594, 4to.
BOW
Bowick, William, Sermon, 171fi, 8vo. [
Bowie, Juhn. Concio ad Cleruin Cantuariensem, i
Lon.. 1612, 4to.
Bowie, John, 1725-1788, known by his friends as
Dun Bowie, from his attachment to Spanish literature,
was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. Entering into holy i
orders, he was presented to the vicarage of Idmeston,
AVilts, where he continued until his death. He was a man
of great erudition, and was the principal detector of Lau- |
der's forgeries. See Lauder, AVilliam.
Miscell. Pieces of English Ancient Poesie, 1765. A
Letter to Dr. Ptjrcy, respecting a new and claj-sical edition |
of Don Quixote, 1777. lie pub. his edit, of Don Quixote in |
1781, in 6 vols. 4to! The first 4 contain the text, the 5th
is composed of annotations, and the 6th gives a copioxis
index. The subscription price was three guineas. This
enormous enterprise proved a failure. However, let the
lover of Spanish lore fail not to secure a copy if he can. j
So resolved that odd anticiuary. Rev. Michael Tyson :
" Is Bowie's Don Quixote published, or not ? Though I did not
cbuse to seem to be acquainted with the Editor by appt-ariug
amonast the Subscribers, yet I like Cervantes so much that I |
must^make a swop, or truck, with Tom Payne fur the book." —
Tyson to Gough: A'ichols's Literary Anecd^ks. vol. viii. ; and see
vol. vi. for an interesting notice of Bowie, and bis edition of Don
Quixote, &c.
He pub. a number of articles in defence of this work,
relative to Warton's History of English Poetry, Ac, in
Gentleman's Mag. ; contributed to the Archteologia, vols.
vi. and vii., 1782-85; to Granger's History, and to John-
son's and Steevens's Shakspeare.
" I am not the Translator of Don Quixote. I have too much con-
ceiviug of the merit of the original of Cervantes ever to think of
appearing in that character. The difficulties of a translator must
rise in proporti"n to his knowledge of the original. ... A desire
to impart that pleasure to others, which I almost solely possessed,
impi,-lled me to the hazardous work of printing; in which if I have
erred once. I may be easily credited. 1 shall never be guilty of a
like offence again."' Sree Gent. I^lag., vols. liv.. Iv.
We cannot forbear pleasing the lover of the Knight of
the Rueful Countenance by transcribing the delicious Bill
of Fare for Quixotic epicures, exhibited by Mr. Bowie in
his prospectus :
" A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Percy, concerning a new and classicjil
edition of Historia del valoroso Cavallero Don Quixote de la I^Iancha ;
to be illustrated by Annotations and Extracts from the Historians,
Poets, and Romauces of Spain and Italy, and other writers, an-
cient and modern; with a Glossary and Indexes, in which are oc-
casionally interspersed some Reflections on the I^earning and Ge-
nius of the author, with a Map of Spain adapted to the History,
and to every Translator of it."
What a glorious prospect is here ! Yet the work, as we
already said, was a failure. In the words of a cold-blooded
critic :
" The public sentiment seemed to be that annotations on Cer-
vantes were not quite so necessary as on Shakspeare "
The enthusiastic Don Bowie, disgusted with such heart-
lessness, renounced the press, and left the stupid " public"
to their downward course of ignorance and fatuity ! That
any sane man, woman, or child could really be indifferent
to the least word, wink, and gesture of the Knight of the
Sorrowful Countenance, and the philosophic apothegmatist
Sancho Panza, was hard to believe, but if such were the
stolidity of that thick-skuUcd generation, — so let it be!
He had discharged his duty; therefore he washed his
hands, shook the dust from his feet. locked hi.'' library
door, and was soon entranced in the fields of La Mancha,
the persevering revolutions of the Windmills, the lustre of
Mambrino's helmet, and the substantial charms of Dulci-
nea del Toboso.
BoAvles. New London Guide, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Bowles, Caroline Anne. See Sotjthey, Mrs.
Bowles, Edward. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1643-
48. 4 to.
Bowles, John, Barrister-at-Law. This gentleman
pub. many politicjil and other tracts, Lon., 1791-1807.
Bowles, Oliver, d. 1674. a Fellow in Queen's College,
Camb.. and Rector of Sutton. Tractatus de Pastore Evan-
gelico, Lon., 1649, 4to ; 1655, 12mo; Groninga;.1739. sm.Svo.
•' Liber ob utilia ac pia praccpta, in eo pro ministris ecclesiie
proposita. laudatur." — Walch.
'' A good translation would be generally useful." — BickersTETH.
Sermon on Jtdin ii, 17. Lon., 1643, 4to.
Bow'les, Thomas, D.D. Viearof Brackley, North-
amptonshire. Sernioiip, 1728-41, 4to.
Bowles, Kev. William Lisle, 1762-1850, was de-
scended from the Bowleses of Burcombe, in Wilt.shire. He
was born at King's Sutton; placed at Winchester, 1776;
elected a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1781 ; Vicar
of Chicklade, 1792; Rector of Dumbleton. 1797; Viearof
Bremhill, and Prebendary of Sali.^bury, 1804 ; Canon Re-
sidentiary, 182S. Mr. Bowles waa a voluminous writer.
BOW
Fourteen Snnncts. 1789, 4to. Verses to John Howard,
lTSP,.ito. Giiive of Howard; a Poem, Lon., 1790, 4lo.
Verses, 1790, 4to. Monody, 1791, 4to. Elegiac Verses,
1796, 4to. Hope, 179(1, 4,to. Coombe Ellew, 1798, 4to.
St. Michael's Mount, 1798, 4to. Poems, 1798-1809, 4 vols.
8vo. The Battle of the Nile; a Poem, 1799, 4to. A Dis-
course, 1799, 4to. A Sermon, 1801, 4to. The Sorrows of
Switzerland; a Poem, 1801, 4to. The Picture; a Poem,
1804, 4to. The Spirit of Discovery, or the Conquest of
the Ocean ; a Poem, 1805, 8to. Bowden Hill, 1815, 4to.
The Missionary of the Andes, 1822. The Gr.ave of the
Last Sa.'ion, 1823. Ellen Gray, 1828. Days Departed,
1832. St. John in Patmos, or the Last Apostle, 1S32; 2d
edit. 1833, with a revised selection of some of his earlier
pieces. His last poetical compositions were contained in
a volume entitled. Scenes and Shadows of Days, a Narra-
tive ; accompanied with Poems of Youth, and some other
Poems of Melancholy and Fancy, in the Journey of Life
from Youth to Age,'l837, 12mo. Little Villagers' Verse
Book.
" One of the sweetest and best little publications in the English
language." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
■■ Since the time of I)r. Watts notbinp has been published at once
so simple and so useful.'" — L(m. Sjyirit of the Aye.
A Sermon, 1804. Ten Parochial Sermons, 1814, 8vo.
The Plain Bible, and the Protestant Church in England,
1818, Svo. A Voice from St. Peter's and St. Paul's, 1823,
8vo. Paulus Parochialis, 182(5. Svo. Further observa-
tions on report Ch. Commis.s., 1837. St. Paul at Athena,
1838. A Final Defence of the Eights of Patronage in
Deans and Ch;ipters, 1839. In 1807 Mr. B. edited the
works of Alexander Pope, in 10 vols. Svo, for which he
received £300. The editor criticized his author, and hence
arose an animated controversy. Campbell aud Byron at-
tacked the po.-itions of Mr. B., and especi.illy his dogma
that ''all images drawn from what is beautiful or sublime
in the works of nature, are more beautiful and sublime
than any images dr.awn from art; and that they are there-
fore per «c more poetical." To this Byron responded, not
very poetically, that "a ship in the wind," with all sail
set, is a more poetical object than a "hog in the wind,"
though the hog is all nature, and the ship all art. This
was the Jiedtuiio ad absurdtim, indeed: although Bowleg
might have rejoined that the supposed porker, however
respectable, could hardly be consiciered either "sublime or
beautiful." This controversy lasted for many years. In
1825 Bowles published his Final Ajipeal to the Literary
Public relative to Pope, elicited l^y Boscoe's edit, of Pope,
in 1826, and in 1826 the last gun was fired by Lessons in
Criticism to William Roscoe, Ac, F. K. S., in answer to
his Letter to the Rev. W. L. Bowles on the Character and
Poetry of Pope, Svo. In 1818 he pub. Vindiciaj "Wyke-
hamica;, in reply to Mr. Brougham, and addressed Two
Letters to him when he became Lord Chancellor, on the
Position and Incomes of the Cathedral Clergy. In 1826
he pub. The Parochial History of Bremhill, and in 1S30-
31, The Life of Thomas Ken, D.D. The Annals and An-
titiuities of Lacock Abbey appeared in 1835. Mr. B. also
pub. Letters to Lord Mountcashell and Sir James Mackin-
tosh, and had a controversy with the Rev. Edward Duke,
in the Gen. Mag., relative to the antiquities of Wiltshire.
Mr. Bowles's reputation as a poet is deservedly great.
In his Literary Biography, Mr. Coleridge expresses in
glowing terms the delight he received from the early peru-
sal of Mr. Bowles's sonnets, and the effect which they pro-
duced on his own poetry.
" We have ourselves heard fi-om Mr. Wordsworth's own lips, that
he got possession of the same sonnets [pub. in 1793] one morning
wben he was setting out with some friends on a pedestrian tour
from London; and that so captivated was he with their beauty,
that he retreated into one of the recesses in ■Westminster Bridge,
and could not be induced to rejoin his companions till he had
finished them." — Lon. Cent. Mag., 1S50.
Mr. Southey freely acknowledges his obligations to our
author : he tells Bedford,
" Mypoetical taste was much meliorated by Bowles." — OcM.1795.
" Tliis morning 1 received your St. John in Patmos. I have just
read the poem through, and with much pleasure. Yours I should
have known it to have been by the sweet and unsophisticated style
upon which 1 endeavoured, now almost forty years ago, to form
my own." — Southey to Bowtes, Juty 30. Ifi32.
'" The sonnets of Bowles may be reckoned among the first fruits
of a new era in poetry. They came in an age when a commonplace
facility in rhyming on the one hand, and an almost nonsensical
affectation in a new school on the other, had lowered the standard
so much, that critical judges spoke of English poetry as of some-
thing nearly extinct, and "disdained to read what they were sure
to disapprove. In these sonnets there was observed a grace of ex-
pression, a musical versification, and especially an air of melan-
choly tenderness, so congenfal to the poetical temperament, which
still, after sixty years of a more propitious period than that which
immediately preceded their publication, preserves for their author
BOW
BOW
a highly respectable position among our poets. The subsequent
poems of Mr. Bowk-s did not belie the promise of his youth." —
Henrv Hallam: Address before the Eoyal iS'.iC'd;/ of Literature.
"Breathes not the man with a more poetic tt-mperament than
Bowles! Xo woiitler that his 'eyes love all tli^-y lofik nn,' for they
possess the sacred ^'ift of beautifyinf^ creatinn by shedding over it
the charm of miilaDtholy. . . . His human si-iisililitifS are so fine
as to be of themselves poetical; and his poetical aspirations so
delicate as to be aUvavs human." — Professor Wilson : Blackwood's
Mag.. JS'pt. 1831.
*■ Bowles was deficient in the passion and imacrination which
command great things, but he was, notwithstandini;, a true poet.
He had a fine eye for the beautiful and the true : and, although his
enthusiasm was tempered, we never miss a cordial sympathy with
whatever is pure, noble, and generous, — for his heart was in the
right place." — Moir's Poet. Lit.
A Life of Mr. Buwlcs, by a relative aud Alaric Watt-s,
has been fur smne time promisefl, (1S5S.)
Bowles, W. ]{.. Trans, of Letters from a Portuguese
Nuu, LSl)S-12. Trans, of Elizabeth, by M. Cottin, 1S14, Sva
Bowles, William. AVorks on Nat. History, Madrid,
1775,4(0; Paris, 177G,Svo; Parma, 1783, 2 vols. 4to. Con. I
to Phil. Trails.. 17nr>. ]
Bowles, William. The Natural Hist, of Merino ,
Sheep. Lon.. ISU. 8vo.
Bowling, W. K., M.D., b. 1S03, in Virginia. Founder j
of, and principal contributor to, the Nashville Jour. Med. j
and Surg. |
Bowiker, Charles. Artof Angling, Worcester, 1746, '
12mo. 1
Bowman. Hist., Ac. Con. to Archceol., vol. i. p. 100-
112. 1770. I
Bowman, Henry, The Ecclesiastical Architecture |
of Great Britain. fn>ni the Conquest to the Reformation, '
by H. Bowman .and James Hadticld, Lon., 1S45, r. 4to.
The Churches of the Middle Ages, by H. Bowman aud J.
S. Crowthcr. Lon., imp. fl.l., 2 vols.. £10 10«. Sue Ecclesiug.
Bowman, Ilildebraad. Travels into Carnovirria,
Taupinccra. Olfactnria, and Auditaiite, in New Zealand;
in the Island of Bunhommica, and in the Powerful King-
dom of Luxo-Volu|»ta, on the Great Southern Continent,
Lon., 177S, 8vo. This is an imitation of Gulliver's Travels.
Bowman, John E. Introduction to Practical Che-
mistry ; 2d ed.. Loii., fp. Svo. Commended by Lon. Athen.
Practical Hand-Book to Medical Chemistry; 2ded., fp. Svo.
Commended by Lon. Medical Gazette.
Bowman, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1762-91.
Bowman, William. Sermons, &c., Lon., 1731.
Bowman, M illiain, F.R.S., Professor of Physio-
logy and Anatomy in King's College, London. Lectures
ou Operaticms on the Eye, Lon., Svo.
*'A most valuable contribution to opbthalmological science." —
Mtd.-Chiriirg. Rev. See alcso Jour. Med. !?ci.
Bownd, Nic., D.D. Theolog. treatises. 1604-06.
Bowneus, Peter. Pseudo-Medico. Anat., 1624, 4to.
Bowrey, Thomas. Dictionary, English and Malayo,
Ac, Lon., 17*11, 4tu. Dictionary of the Hudson's Bay
Lauguage, 1701. fol. In ISOO, Lon., 4to, was pub. Gram-
mar of the Malay Tongue, from Bowrey's Diet., Ac.
Bowring, Edgar Alfred. Schiller's Poems com-
plete, including ;i.ll his Early Suppressed Pieces, attempted
in English, ISol, 12mo. Commended by the Cologne Gaz.
Bowring, Sir John, K.C.B., LL.D.. b. 1792, Exeter,
Eng., knighted 1S54, has distinguished himself as a philo-
loger. poet, political writer, translator, reviewer, member
of Parliament, and (appointed 1854) Governor of Hong- ,
Kong. His publications have been numerous. 1. Speci-
mens of the Russian Poets, Lon., 1821-23, 2 vols. 12mo:
see Lon. Month. Rev., xcvi., 1S21. 2. Matins and Vespers,
with Hymns; 3d ed., 1S41, ISmo; 4th ed., 1S51, 18mo :
see Lon. Month. Rev., ci., 1823, and Lon. Chris. Examiner. '
3. In conjunction with H. S. Van Dyk, Batavian Anthology, ,
1S24, 12mo, 4. Ancient Poetry and Iloinauces of Spain, :
1824, p. 8vo. 5. Specimens of the Polish Poets, 1827,
12mo. 6. Servian Popular Poetry, 1S27, 12mo. 7. Poetry
of the Magyars, 1830, p. 8vo. 8. Cheskian Anthology; ,
being a Hist, of the Poet. Lit. of Bohemia, 1832, 12mo.
9. Minor Morals for Young People, 3 Pts., 1834-35-39 :
see Lon. Athen. 10. Reports on the Commercial Rela-
tions between France and G. Britain, 183.0-36, 2 vols, fob:
Bee Lon. Athen. 11. Reports on the Statistics of Tuscany.
Ac., 1837. 12. Observations on the Oriental Plague and on
Quarantines, Ac, Edin., 1839. 13. First Lessons in Theo-
logy; for Children, Lon., 1839. 18mo. 14. Manuscript of the
Queen's Court, with other Ancient Bohemian Poems ; trans.
1S43. 15. Decimal Coinage, with Illustrations of Coins,
1854, p. Svo. 16. Decimal System in Numbers, Coins,
and Accounts, 1854. cr. 8vo. 17. The Kingdom and
People of Siam ; with a Narrative of the Mission to that
Country in 1S55, 2 vols. Svo, 1857.
"By r&aders of all clas.scs tlie rt^^ol■ll of Sir John Bowring's wan-
derings will be perused with satibfact ion. "—ion. Athen., 1857
335, q. V.
See also 345, and same periodical, (for a letter on
China, then first published,) Nov. 17, 1855. See also
Cowring, Cobdeu, and Chiu.a, a Memoir, 1857, p. Svo,
pp. 32. In 1825 he became the editor of the Westminst«r
Review; and many of the articles in that periodical on
political reforms and the principles of free trade are from
his pen. He was a disciple of Jeremy Bentham, was hia
literary executor, edited his works, 1838, 22 vols. r. 8vo, (see
Bkntitam, Jeremv, ante,) aud wrote a sketch of his life.
Bowtell, John, D.D. Theol. treatises, 1710-11, 8vo.'
Bowyer, George, M.P., D.C.L., an eminent law-
writer. 1. Dissert, on the Statutes of the Cities of Italy,
Ac, Lon., 1838, Svo. The argument of Farinacio in de-
fence of Beatrice Cenci in this volume is a remarkalilo
piece of pleading. 2. A Popular Commentary on the Con-
stitutional Law of England, 1841, 12mo ; '2d ed.. 1846,
r. Svo. This is a collection, with expositions and con-
tinuation, of such of Blackstone's Commentaries as pertain
to constitutional law. It is an excellent work. 3. Com-
mentaries on the Modern Civil Law, 1848, r. Svo. 4. The
Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the New Hier-
archy ; 3d ed., 1850, Svo. 5. Two Readings delivered in
the Middle Temple Hall, 1850, Svo. 6. Readings before
the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple in 1850 ou Canon
Law. 1851, r. Svo. 7. Commentaries on Universal Public
Law, 1854, r. Svo.
" Mr. Bowj-er has laboriously won his reputation as a profound
civilian, a critical canonist, and an imUistrious investigator of
foreign and European law. , . . The aiitlior's industry appears to
have spread itself over everjwiroviiice of modern and ancient law.'*
— Lmi. M. Chronicle, April 15, 1S54.
Bowver, Sir George. R. Catholic Question, 1813, Svo.
Bowver, R. G. Sermons, 1803, '04, '11.
Bowyer, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1734, '35, '37.
Bowyer, William, 1699-1777, will long be remem-
bered as the most learned English printer of whom we
have any account. The names of Stephens, of Aldus, of
Bowyer, and such men, may ever be pointed to with com-
mendable pride by the superintendent of the type and ma-
trice. Bowyer's father and grandfather were printers, so
that he may be said to have inherited the noble art. Wil-
liam was born in Dogwell Court, White Fryars, London,
December 19th. He studied for a time under the cele-
brated Ambrose Bonwicke, (7. v.,) and in 1716 was ad-
mitted as a sizar at St. John's Ctdlege, Cambridge. He
remained here till June, 1722, during which time he ob-
tained Roper's exhibition, and wrote in 1719 what he
styled Epistola pro Sodalitio a rev. viro F. Roper mihi le-
gato. It does not appear that he took his degree of B.A.
In 1722 he entered into the printing business as a partner
with his father. From this time until bis death Mr. Bow-
yer was engaged in superintending his press, and contri-
buting to various learned works in the way of correctiona,
prefaces, annotations, &c. The learned men of the day
found it a great advantage to have in the person of their
printer a scholar whose erudition and classical taste could
rectify their errors and im]>rnve their lucubrations. A co-
pious account of Mr. B.'s editorial labour of this description
will be found in that most delightful of books of the class —
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes of the ISth Centurv,
9 vols., 181 2-1 5 ; continued as Illcstrations of Literary
Historv. 1817-48. 7 vols. The foundation of this work
was apamphlet of 52pages, 1778, entitled Biographical Me-
moirs of Mr. Bowyer; enlarged to a 4to vol. in 1782; still
further enlarged as above. See Nichols, John. A va-
luable account of Bowyer will be found, also, in Chalmers's
Biog. Diet. In 1763 Mr. Bowyer pub. his celebrated edi-
tion of the Greek Testament, 2 vols. 12mo, containing hia
Conjectural Emendations. A second edit, of the Emenda-
tions was pub. separately in 1772, Svo. under the following
title: Conjectures on the New Testament, collected from
' various Authors, as well in regard to Words as Pointing,
I with the reasons on which both are founded. A third edit.
' appeared in 1782, 4to, and a fourth in 1812, 4to. The
great merits of this work were conceded from the first.
' '' I must not omit to return my thanks for your notes upon tho
Greek Tt-stameut, and particularly for the excellent Preface before
thfin. They have been of great use to me and others on several
occasions, and I wish we had more such collections by equally
able hands." — Archdeacon Blaceburne, in 1766; the celebrated
author of the Confessional, v. the name.
" I would also recommend a look into a Greek Testament lately
published by Mr. Bowyer, a printer, whose erudition not only sets
him on a par with the best stholars among the early printers, but
would do credit f^ persons of hi.L'h rank even in the learned pro-
fessions."— Twn Crammafico} Essai/s. cfic., 17'J9.
j " This Work cannot but be acceptable to every Critical Header
229
BOX
of the New Testament, as it is tlie best Collection of Conjectural
Emendations whicli has yet appeared." — Lan. Critical Review.
" The reader will here meet with much sound criticism, and
many instances of the importance of true punctuation, which Mr.
Bowyer considered of more importance than all the various read-
ings'put together.''— Bishop Watsom.
" A book which on^ht to bo read by every scholar and evei-y
rational Chri-stian."— Dr. Pabr.
But the British Critic does not coincide with Dr. Parr,
altogether :
" Bowyer's work is for the learned only ; and for those among
the learned who can discriminate and judge for themselves. Con-
jectures on the sacred text are, at liest. extremely hazardous;
hence it is that the work, though \alualili-. can deserve only a
partial recommendation."— Bri(. Crilir, prrf to vol. vi. For a Re-
view of the 4th edit., see Brit. Cntic, 0. S. xi. .507 ; for Reviews of
former edits., see Monthly lieview, 0. S.. xlvi. l>7.
" As conjectures, the best that can be said of them is, that they
are often ingenious. The alterations in the pointing are not, pro-
perly, conjectural, and therefore may be more safely trusted."—
Orm'e.
Bishop Marsh remarks that
" Tn the Greek Testament our me.ans of correction from mithor-
ity are so ample, that conjecture is unne.-ess:iry ; and, if unneces-
sary it is injurious, especially in a work, where, if the words
might be altered from conjecture, a door would be opened to every
species of corruption."
The same eminent authority gives Mr. Bowyer full credit
for his scholarship :
" Bowyer's Conjectures are of real value."
We should mention that the writers from whom the se-
lection is principally made, besides Bowyer himself, are
Bishop Barrington, Mr. Marklauil, Professor Schultz, Mi-
chaelis. Dr. Henry Owen, Dr. Woide, Dr. Gosset, and Ste-
phen Weston.
In 177i appeared Mr. Bowyer's Origin of Printing, m
two essays; 1. The Substance of Dr. Muldlcton's Disser-
tation on the Origin of Printing in England. 2. Jlr. Mcer-
man's Account of the Invention of tlio Art at Ilaiirlem,
and its progress to Meutz ; with occasional I'.cmarks, and
an Appendix. In this work Mr. B. was assisted by Dr.
Ilenry Owen, and Cffisar de Missy ; 2d edit, enlarged, 1776,
8to ; with a Supplement by John Nichols, 1781, 8vo. This
publication, which appeared anonymously, was soon known
to be Mr. Bowyer's, and was received with great favour.
"The periodical loiblicatiuns of the Continent joined those of
England in its coniiiiriul;ition."
•• lie has interspcrM-d. through the whole piece, a number of va-
luable notes, which will greatly increase the general stock of know-
ledge upon the subject." — ^Dr. Kipps : MontJdy Rev. and Biog. Brit.
"Mr. Bowyer's learning and particular knowledge in his profes-
sion qu.alify'him for being at least as good a judge of the dispute as
any man that ever lived."— Sir James Burrow : Literary rroperli/.
ilis trans, of Select Discourses from Michaelis, 12mo,
was pub. in 1773. This vol. has become very scarce. See
Home's Introduc. to the Scriptures.
In 1785 Mr. Nichols (Mr. B.'s friend and partner) pub.
Miscellaneous Tracts, by Mr. Bowyer and several of his
learned friends, 4to, and we have already referred the reader
to that rich storehouse of literary treasures, Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes. It may well be supposed that the amiable
character aud remarkabie erudition of Mr. Bowyer gathered
around him a host of devoted friends. We venture the
assertion that no man in any age ever had a larger circle
of distinguished literary acquaintances. Among these
may be mentioned, Archbishop Seeker, Bishops Warbur-
ton', Kennett, Tanner, Sherlock, Hoadly, Lyttleton, Pearco,
Lowth, Barrington, Hurd, Percy, Earl of Macclesfield,
Earl of Marchmont, Lord Lyttelton, Lord Sandys, Alex-
ander Pope. Dr. Wotton. Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow, ChishuU,
Clarke, Markl.and, ILillis, De Missy, Mattaire, R. Gale, S.
Gale, Browne, Willis, Spelman, Miu-ant, David Garrick,
Dean Prideaux, Dean Freind, Dean Milles, Dr. Robert
Freind, Dr. John Freind, Dr. Taylor, Dr. Barnard, Dr.
Powell, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Ducarel, Dr. Pcgge, Dr. Salter,
Dr. Owen, Dr. Ileberden, and many others. Sec Chalmers's
Biog. Diet.
'■ For more than half a century he stood unriv.alled as a learned
printer: and some of the most masterly productions of this king-
dom have been described as appearing from his press. ... To his
literary and professional abilities he added an excellent Moral I 'ha-
racter. His regard to Keligion was dispKayed in his Publications,
and in the course of his Life and Studies; and he was particularly
distinguished by his inflexible probity, and an uncommon alacrity
in relieving the necessitous. Ilis liberality in relieving every spe-
cies of distress, and his endeavours to conceal his benefactions,
refiect great honour on his memory." — Nichoh's Lit. ^hci;., vol. iii.
Box, G. National Debt of G. Britain, 1785, 8vo.
Boycatt, W. Ser. on the It. Catholic Question. 1808.
Boyce, Samuel. A New Pantheon, 1762, 4to. Poeti-
lal works. 1757. '7.'i. *85.
Boyce, Thomas. Harold; a Tragedy, 1785, 4to.
Boyce, William. Belgian Tr.aveller, 1S15. Svo.
" We are persuaded that any person who is meditating a trip to
BOY
nolkand and the Netherlands, will find his account in putting this
Belr-i"-u Traveller into his pocket."— ion. MmtJili/ Revttw.
The Second Usurpation ; a Hist, of the Revolution in
France, 1816, 2 vols. Svo.
Boyce, William, 1710-1779, an eminent English mu-
sician, pull., with the assistance of Drs. Hayes and Howard,
three volumes of Cathedral Music, being a collection in
score of the most valuable compr.sitioiis for that service by
the several English masters of the preceding two centuries.
•■ Dr Boyce was one of the few of om- church composers who
neither pilla-ed nor servilely imitated Handel. There is an original
and sterling merit in his productions, founded as much on the
studv of our own old masters, as on the best models of other coun-
tries' that gives to all his works a peculiar stamp and chaiacter of
his own, for strength, clearness, and flicility, without any mixture
of styles or extraneous and heterogeneous ornaments. tee Lhal-
mers's Biog. Diet., and Burney's Hist, of Music, vol. in.
Anthems, Don., 178S, fob; with portrait by Sherwin.
Boyd, Andrew. See Bonifs.
Boyd, Archibald, Curate of Londonderry. Doctrines
of Eu'dand, Hemic, amf Oxford Compared, Svo. Episco-
pacy and Presbytery, .'^vo. Letters on Episcopacy. Ac, 8vo.
The Christian instructor commends an answer (pub. 1843)
to Boyd's positions with respect to Episcopacy,
A masterpiece of its kind, reminding one of the might and
mastery of a learned age." , ™, . , . .
Sermons on the Church. Strengthen the Things which
Remain ; a Sermon.
•• Origin:d in its conception, vigorous and eloquent in expres-
sion."— Bi-itanina. , „. , „ t, ^a-
Boyd, E. A Thanksgiving on the Victory of Dettin-
gen. Lon., 1743, 4to. „ , t ^ r
Boyd, Henry, d. 1832. Trans, of the Inferno of
DanfcLon., 1785,2 vols. 12rao. Poems, 1706, 8to. Trans,
of the Divina Commedia of Dante, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. The
Penance of Hugo : from the Italian, 1805, Svo. The Wood-
man's Tale, Ac, 1805, Svo.
" \ very agreeable collection, and will add considerably to Mr.
Boyd's literary lame."— BW(. Ci-ilic : and see Anti-Jacobin.
The Triumph of Petrarch ; a trans., 1807. Svo.
Boyd, Hugh, or Hugh Macauley, 1746-1791, was
educated at Trinity College. The Indian Observer, and
some Miscellaneous Works, with an Account of his Life
and Writings, l)y L. D. Campbell, Lon., 179.8, 1800, 2 vols.
Svo. Boyd wrote in Ireland a political periodical paper
called The Freeholder, 1772; he confriljuted an Introduc-
tion to Lord Chatham's Speeches, and The Whig to the
London Courant, pub. by Almon. The Indian Observer,
reprinted with other papers, as above, was originally pub.
at Madras. Mr. Campbell pub. the above edition of his
works to prove Boyd's identity witli Junius, an assertion
said to hare been first made by Almon.
■■ Boyd wrote iifter Junius, and. like most political writers, aims
at his 'style: and'the only conclusion which his friends liavearrived
at amounts to this .absurdity. th;it an imitator must be an original
writer; and even this iu the case of Mr. Boyd is peculiarly unfoi^
tunate, for his imitations are among the most feeble th.at have ever
been attempted." ., t^ ,./.,,, »
See also another advocate for Mr. Boyd m Chalmers s
Appendix to the Supplemental Apology, Ac, 1800.
" By comparing Junius with the other writings of M'Auley Boyd,
we see the s;ime characteristicks in all: the elegance and energy,
the same inaccuracy and inexperience: the same topii-ks and im-
agery and expressions; the same turbulence; and even m his Ob-
server niav be traced . ,
"■The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition.
Boyd, Hugh Stuart, Select Passages of the Writ-
ings of St. Clirysostom, St. Gregory Nanianzen, and St.
Basil, trans, from the Greek. 1806, r. Svo. Reviewed in
Edin. Rev. xxiv. 58-72. A Selection from the Poems and
Writings of Gregory Nazi.anzen. 1814, Svo. On Cosmogo-
ny, Phil. Mag., 1817. Reflections on the Atoning Sacri-
fice of Jesus Christ, 1817, Svo. The Fathers not Papists,
with discourses and other extracts from tlicir writings; a
new edit., considerably enlarged. Lon.. 1834, Svo. For a
notice of Mr. Boyd's translations, sec Brit, Critic, Oct. 1834.
Boyd, Janies. Adam's Roman Antifiuities; with
100 illustrations.
•• ^Ve bestow the unqualified praise which it merits on the edition
before us."— /1h///» rnirrriiilii Mag.
•' In references and annotations the editor has bestowed immense
pains. The pagi-s are literally crammed. Jlany of the lengthened
notes descriptive of ancient customs are most valuable."— Turt's
jPotter's Antiquities of Greece, with a sketch of the Lite-
rature of Greece, by Sir D. K. Sandford ; with 150 Illus-
trations.
'■ Valu.able improvements have been introduced into this edition.
—.Al„-r:lr,'n J:in;n,l.
Boyd, Rev. James R., b. 1804, in the State of N.
York, Prof. Moral Philosopliy. and College Preacher at
Hamilton Coll. Elements of 'Rhetoric and Literary Criti-
cism. Ecloctie Moral Philosophy. Westminster Shorter
BOY
BOY
Catechism, with Scriptural proofs, Ac. Karnes's Elements
of Criticism, with additions, &,c.
Prof. Boyd has rendered valuable service to polite litera-
ture in editing, with biographical notices, judicious critical
obscrvartuiia and explanatory notes for the use of schools
and colleges — Milton's Paradise Lost, Young's Night
Thoughts, Thomson's Seasons, Cowper's Task and other
Poems, and PuUuk's Course of Time.
Boyd, Jolm P., of Boston, d, 1830, aged 62, pub.
Documents and Facts relative to Military Events during
the lato War. ISUJ.
ISoyd, Mark Alexantler, d. IfiOl, aged about 3S
years, was a son of Hubert Buyd of Pinklll. in Ayrshire,
Scotland, and a nephew of James Buyd, Archbishop of
Glasguw. He was for some time a soldier in France, but
devoted much of his leisure to the study of the Hobrew,
Greek, and Latin, and the Civil Law, and became one of
the best scholars of his day. Epistolic Heroidum etilymni,
p. 142. luter Poet. Scot. Dclit., Amst., 1637, Svo. lie had
an avorsiou to publication, and left a number of works in
MS. He traus. Caesar's Commentaries into Greek, and
could write, dictate, and converse in that language with
copiousness and elegance.
"His bioj^rapber (luestions whether any of the ancients have
excelled bim in ele;;iac poetry, and is positive that uoue of the
Latins have equalk^d bis hymns."
To the same effect speaks Olaus Eorrichius:
"In Marco Alexandre Bodio, Scoto. redivivum spectamus Naso-
Aem; ea est in ejusdem Epistolis Ilerodium, lux, candor, Uexteri-
tas." — Dissert/ilioii^s Acackmicfe de Poetis.
See Sketch of the Life of Boyd, by Lord Hailes, 1783, Svo.
lioyil) Robert, 1578-1627, a Scotch divine, descended
from Rul)ert Boyd, Earl of Arran, was educated at the Uni-
versity uf Ediiiliurgh. He became Professor of Philosophy
at Mo'ntauban in France, Professor at Saumur, 1608, Pro-
fessor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, 1615.
Proeleetiones in Epistolam ad Ephesios, Lon., 1652, fob;
Geneva, 1662.
"An English translation of tbJs work was made, if I mistake
not, by the author's son, and published in 4to. It is not strictly
of an expository nature. It enteis largely into doctrinal, practi-
cal, and controversial subjects." — Orme.
" Uis Prwleetiones contain some good critical remarks, as well
as many elocjuent passages, and it is to be regretted that be should
have rendered the work heavy and repulsive, by indulginj;, ac-
cording to a practice theu common among the continental com-
mentators, in long digressions, for the sake of illustrating general
doctrines and determining the controversies of the times." — Dr.
McCrie: Lifp of Mfhnlle.
Boyd, Robert. Legal Treatise.^i, Edin., 1779, '87.
Boyd, Walter. Essays on Polit. Economy, Lou.,
1801. 'Oo. 8vo.
Boyd, Sir William, A.M., M.D., b. 1812, Ayrshire,
Scotland. Hist, of Literature. Lon., 4 vols. Svo : see Athen.,
and Lit. Gaz. Lects. on Auc. and Mod. Lit., Art, (tc, 12mo.
Boyd, or Boyde, Zaehary* The Battle of Soul in
Death, Edin., liU'.i, 8vo. Oratio. Ac. 1G3.3, 4to. Crosses,
Comforts, Counsels, &c.. Glasf^., 1613, Svo. The Garden
of Zion, Glasj;., 2 vols. Svo, 1644. Two Oriental Pearls,
Grace and Glory, Edin., 1718, 12mo. This j;oud man
turned the Bilile into rhyme in the vulvar dialect of the
country, to be pub. and circuhited for the benefit of the
common people ; and for thi.s purpose he intrusted a large
sum to the University of Glasgow. His executors, how-
ever, never pub. the MSS., deeming it inexpedient to cir-
culate this poetical version.
Boyde, H, Voyage to Barbary, Lon., 1736, Svo.
Boydell, James. Works on Gauging, &c., Lon,,
176-1. "84. Svo.
Boydell, James. Treatise on Landed Property,
1849, r. Svu.
Boydell, John. Sermon on Ps. ci., 1727, Svo.
Boydell, John. See Shakspeare.
Boydell, Josiah. Improvement of the Arts and
Sciences. ISOo.
Boyer, Abel, 1667-1729, though a native of Lan-
guedoe. was a resident of England from 1689. His French
and English Dictionary, pub. Lon., 1699, fob, is still well
known ; but he compiled some English works, which prin-
cipally claim our notice. Political State of Great Britain
from 1711 to 1729; continued to 1740, making 60 vols.
Svo. This contains the history of ecclesiastical and civil
parties and affairs, with abstracts from pamphlets, &q. re-
lating to Great Britain and the Continent. Annals of the
Reign of Queen Anne, 1703-13, 11 vols. Svo. History of
Queen Anne, 1735, fob
" A very good rhmnicle of this period of English Ilistnrv."
History of William 111., 1702. 3 vols. Svo. Life" of Sir
"William Temple. 1714, Svo. Other works,
"llis publications are more useful now lliau when published, as
they contain many state papers, memorials, Ac, which it would
be difficult to find elsewhere."
Swift speaks of him contemptuously on account of his
political predilections, and Pope honours him by a place
in The Dunciad.
Boyers, D. The Builder*s Companion, 1S07, Svo.
Boyes, J. F. Parallel Illustrations of the Tragedies
of ^ischylus and Sophocles, Lon., Svo.
"To use the l.intrujiire of Cicero, be has rendered those studies
which uurtuivd lni\huod. delightful to age." — Lon. ACfintcium.
"One nf th-' nil -si pleasint; classical works that we have lately
read."— Z/.». <:r>il. M-uj.
Boyle, Charles, fourth Eax-1 of Orrery, grandson of
the " Great Earl of Cork," 1676-1731, was the second son
of Roger, second Earl of Orrery, by Lady JIary Sackville,
daughter to Richard. Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. At
15 ho entered a nobleman at Christ Church, Oxford. His
talents were so marked that I>r. Aldrich, in conii>leting at
his request the <M.iiipcndium of Logic long used at Oxford,
styles him Magnum ^Edis nostrie ornamcntum. Dr. Aid-
rich's high opinion of his abilities proved in the end a
misfortune to Boyle, as the dean's encouragement induced
him to undertake the care of the edition of the Epistles of
Phalaris, pub. 1695, which provoked the celeliratcd con-
trover.sy with '* slashing Bentley." This subject we have
already treated in the article Bentley, Richard. The in-
strument called the Orrery was so named by Sir Richard
Steele, in error, from the fact that one of the first was made
for the earl l)y Rowley. The real inventor was a Mr.
George Graham. The earl was the author of As You Find
It, a Comedy, 1703; in vol. 2d of the Works of Roger,
Earl of Orrery; {Lon., 1739, 2 vols. Svo.) Some Copies of
Verses. A Latin Trans, of the Epistles of Phalaris, and
Notes to that Author. Oxon., 1695, Svo; in English, 169S,
12nio. Examination of Dr. Bentley 's Dissertation on the
Epistles of Phalaris, and ^Esop's Fables, Lon., 1698, Svo;
1699, Svo; (chiefly written by ATTERiiURr, Freinp, and
King : see these names.) Preamble to his patent of Peer-
age, Lon., 1711, 4to; An Epilogue to his Predecessor's
Alt«mira, and several Songs in it.
Boyle was in great estimation with the wits of the age.
We have already stated that Garth stereotyped his igno-
rance in the well-known couplet,
" So diamonds owe a lustre to their foil,
Aud to a liENTLEY 'tis we owe a Boyle."
See ItENTLET. Richard.
His brilliancy was unquestionable, but he was forced to
"pale his ineflectual fire" before the splendour of Bent-
ley's rays.
" He resembled in his character, and not a little in his fortunes,
his illustrious ancestor, tht* lirst Earl of Orrery. Like him, he was
an author, a soldii-r, and a statesman. His Ifarning was solid, not
p«d;iutic; and thou;;h he did not affect the orator in public, yet
in private conversation, no man spoke with (greater ease to him-
self, or pleasure to those who heard bim." — Dr. Campbell.
See Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors; Biog. Brit.
Boyle, Hamilton, Earl of Cork and Orrery, second
son of John, Earl of Orrery, great-great-grandson of the
''Great Earl of Cork," 1730-1764, was admitted in 1748
student of Christ Church, Oxford. His claims to author-
ship consist of Nos. 60 and 170 in the periodical entitled
The World.
"They are drawn up with vivacity, elefrance. and humour, af-
foi'ding a proof that if his lite had been continued, he would have
added new liteiary honour to his celebrated name and Cmiily."
Boyle, Henry, The Universal Chronologist, Ac,
from the Crcatiun to 1S25, inclusive, trans, from the
French of M. St. Martin, with an elaborate continuation,
2 vols. Svo, Lnn., 1826.
Boyle, John, Earl of Cork and Orrery, great-grand-
son of the " Great Earl of Cork," father of the above, and
eon of Charles. Earl of Orrery, was educated at "West-
minster and Christ Church, Oxford, of which college his
father was so distinguished an ornament.
Poems to the Memory of John Shefheld, Duke of Buck-
ingham. Dubl., 1741, Svo. Imitations of the 1st aud 5th
Odes of Horace, 1741. Letters of Pliny the Younger,
Lon., 1752, 2 vols. 4to and Svo.
"In this translation his lordship is allowed to have civen a
very just representation of the character of Pliny, and of thu merit
of his letters."— I* ABK.
Memoirs of the Life of Robert Cary, Earl of Monmouth,
1759, Svo; 2d edit., 1760, Svo. Letters from Italy, writ-
ten in 1754 and 1755 to William Duncombe, Esq., 1774.
He wrote Nos. 47, 68. and 161, in The World, contributed
some Letters to The Connoisseur, (signed G. K., Ac.,) and
was author of some other pieces. But the publication by
which he is chiefly known is, Remarks on the Life and
Writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift, in a series of Letters,
Lon., 1751, Svo. The earl was much censured for this
231
BOY
BOY
publication, as it exposed to the world matters which it
was thought he should, as Swift's friend, have confined to
his own bosom. Warburton, in his letters to Bishup Hurd,
takes the carl to task in his usual coarse style, calling
them "detestable letters." Br. Johnson justified his
lordship.
" Macleod asked Johnson if it was not wroni;; in Orrery to expose
the delists of a man witli whom he had lived in intimacy. John-
son : ' Why no, sir, after the man is dead ; for then it is done his-
torically.' . . . He said Orrery was a feeble-minded man : that on
the publication of Dr. Delany's Remarks on his book, he was so
much alarmed that he was afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson com-
forted him by teUing him they were both in the ri;:ht; th.at De-
lany had seen most of the good side of Swift. — Lord Orrery most
of the bad. . . . S-peaking of the noble femily of Boyle, he said that
all the Lord Orrerys till the present had been writers. The first
wrote several plays; the second was Bentley's antagonist; the
third wrote the life of Swift, and several other things; his son
Hamilton wrote some papers in the Adventurer and World." —
Bo^wcWs Johnson.
Either Johnson or Boswell was Inaccurate here.
"In every domestic and social relation, in all the endearing
connections of life, as a husband, a father, a friend, a master, Lord
Orrery had few equals. The lustre which he received from rank
and title, he retlected back unimpaired and undiminished. . . .
He loved truth even to a dej^ree of adoration, and as a real Chris-
tian constiintly hoped for a better life, there trusting to know the
real cause of those elTects Mhich here struck him with wonder, but
not with doubt." — DuNCOsiEE.
"My friend, the late P^arl of Cork, had a great desire to main-
tain the literary charactL-r of his family : he was a genteel man.
but did not keep up the dipinity of his rank. He was so generally
civil, that nobody thanked him iov it. . . . If he had been rich, he
would have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was
like his writings, neat and eleirant. but without streni^th. He
grasped at more than his abilities could reach : tried to pass for a
better talker, a better writer, aud a better thinker than he was."
— Db. Johnsox.
Boyle, Miss 3Iary Lonisa. Bridal of Melcha, p.
8vo. State Prisoner, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Forester; a
Tale of 1688, 3 vols. p. 8vo,
" Interesting, skilfully wrought, and abounding in passages of
great beauty. . . . Far superior to the ordinary run of novels." —
Scotsman.
Boyle, Richard, the "Great Earl of Cork," 1566-
1644, a native of Canterbury, educated at Bene't, or Cor-
pus Christi. College. Cambridge, belongs to political rather
than to literary history. We may, however, claim him as
an author from his True Remembrances of his Life. pub.
in Br. Birch's Life of the Hon. Mr. [Robert] Boyle, Lon.,
1744, Svo. The literary character of this family is evinced
by the fact that we record in our list of authors the fol-
lowing descendants of the Great Earl of Cork : Roger,
5th son; Robert, 7th son; Charles, a grandson; John, a
great-grandson ; and Hamilton, a great-great-grandson.
Boyle, Hon, Robert, 1627-1691. seventh son and
fourteenth child of the " Great Earl of Cork," was born
at his father's seat, Lismore Castle, in the province of
Munster, Ireland, January 25. AVhen little more than
eight years of age he was removed to Eton School, where
he remained for four years. In 1638 he W!is sent to Ge-
neva to continue his studies, and here he devoted himself
with great assiduity to Natural Philosophy, the French
language, ifec. In 1644 he returned to England, and for
four months resided with his sister, Lady Ranelagh.
From March, 1646, to May, 1650, he was occupied at his
estate of Stalbridge in an extensive course of experiments
in Natural Philosophy, paying especial regard to Chemis-
try. He visited Ireland in 1652. and on bis return in
1654 put in execution a project which ho had long che-
rished of settling at Oxford, where were many of his
learnc'l friends, viz. : Wilkins, Wallis. Ward, Willis. Wren,
Bathurst, and others. Ho resided principally at Oxford
until April, 1668, when he settled in London at his sister,
Lady Ranelagh 's, in Pall Mall. The affectionate rela-
tives never separated again until the death of the Vis-
countess Ranelagh, in December. 1691; her illustrious
brother survived her only a week, and they were buried
by each other in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields.
Mr. Boyle was never married. To a man of the character
of Robert Boyle death brought no terrors: the great phi-
losopher had long before learned to " become a little
child," and reposed with unfeigned humility, yet confiding
hope, in the promises of Him who is " the Resurrection
and the Life." Earthly honours he had never courted.
Of fifteen children of the *' Great Earl of Cork," the phi-
losopher was the only one who never obtained a title.
Four of his brothers were peers, and a peerage was often
urged upon the subject of our memoir, and as often re-
fused. At the early age of 14 he became duly impressed
with the supreme importance of religious truth; and feel-
ing that if religion was any tiling, it was every thing, he
ever lived " as in his great Taskmaster's eve/' He had that
232
active zeal in his Saviour's cause, which puts to shame
the 'coldness and spiritual apathy of the great majority of
"those who profess and call themselves Christians." So
great was his reverence for the Supreme Being, that he
never mentioned the name of God without making a de-
cided pause in the conversation: Sir Peter Pett, who knew
him for nearly 40 years, declared himself unable to recol-
lect an instance to the contrary. He wrote a number of
religious works, printed at his own expense the Church
Catechism and New Testament in Irish, and 500 copies of
the Four Gospels aud the Acts of the Apostles in the
Malay Language, published Pocock's Arabic Translation
of Grotius's i>e Veritnfe for circulation in the Levant,
and contributed largely to the Society for Propagating the
Gospel in New England. When we add to these proofs
of zeal the establi,shment of the Boyle Lecture, " designed
to prove the truth of the Christian Religion among Infi-
dels," we have given sufficient evidence of the existence
of a faith proved by works of the most beneficent cha-
racter.
Whilst at Stalbridge, 1646-50, Boyle was one of a so-
ciety of learned men, termed by him, The Invisible Col-
lege; this was the germ of The Royal Society, which waa
incorporated in 1663. In 1680 Boyle was elected to the
Presidency, but declined the honour. His publications
were very numerous. His New Experiments, physico-me-
chanical, touching the spring of the Air and its effects,
were pub., Oxford, 1660, 8vo. In a second edit., pub, in
1662, he answered the objections of Linus and Hobbes,
A 3d edit, appeared in 1682. Seraphic Love, 1660, Svo;
finished in 1648: this has been translated into Latin.
Certain Physiological Essays and other tracts, 1661, 4to;
with additions, 1669, 4to. Skeptical Chemist, 1662, Svo;
again, 1679, Svo. Cnnsidenations touching the Usefulness
of Experimental Natural Philosophy, 1663, 4to; again,
1664. Experiments and Considerations upon Colours,
1663, Svo. Traus. into Latin. Considerations upon the
Style uf the Holy Scriptures. 1663, Svo; trans, into Latin,
Oxf., 1665. Occasional Reflections upon several subjects,
1665, Svo; 1*669, Svo. New Experiments and Observa-
tions upon Cold, 1665, Svo; 1683, 4to. Hydrostatical
Paradoxes, Ac, 1666. Svo; in Latin, Oxf., 1669, 12mo.
Among his other publications (.^ee list in Bibl. Brit.) were,
A Continuation of the Experiments on Air. A Discourse
of Absolute Rest in Boflie.^'. An Invention to Estimate
the Weight of Water. A Discourse of Things above Rea-
son. A F'ree Inquiry into the Vulgarly received Notion
of Nature. A Free Discourse against Customary Swear-
ing. Considerations about the Recuncilableness of Reason
and Religion. On the high Veneration Man's Intellect
owes to God, peculiarly for his Wisdom aud Power. Dr.
Birch pub. a collection of his works, in 5 vols, fob, Lon.,
1744. Another edition was pub., Lon., 1772, 6 vols. 4to.
Philosophical Works abridged, Lon., 1725, 3 vols. 4to.
An incomplete edition of his works was pub. in Latin at
Geneva in 1676, 4to. Opera varia, Genev., 1680, 4to;
again in 1704. Theological Works epitomized by Richard
Boulton, Lon., 1699, 4 vols. 8vo; 1715, 3 vols. Svo. The
Sermons delivered at the Boyle Lecture, 1691-1732, with
' the additions and amendments of the several authors, were
pub., Lon., 1739, 3 vols, fob; an abridgment of the Ser-
mons preached at the Boyle Lecture in 4 vols. Svo, by
Rev. Gilbert Burnet, Lon., 1737. Consult Booksellers'
catalogues for a list of those printed separately: and see
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi., for the names of the
jneacbers to 1810, aud a list to 1846-47 in Darling's Cjc.
Bibliographica.
"If all other defences of religion were lost, there is solid rea-
soning enough in these volumes to remove the scruples of most
unbelievers." — Ilisnop Watson.
"For much important matter on the province of reason in judg-
ing of revelation, I would earnestly recommend the theological
writings of the Hon. Mr. Boyle. No man had more thoroughly
! considered the extent and limits of the human understanding;
' none, perhaps, ever combined more perfectly the characters of the
I philosopher and the theologian." — Bishop Vax Mildert.
We should not omit to mention that Lord Clarendon
urged Mr. Boyle to enter into holy orders, but remember-
ing that " no man taketh this honour unto himself," and
not feeling " inwardly moved" to assume " this Oflice and
Ministration," he remained in the ranks of the hiity. Yet
religion was ever with him the '* primum mobile:" thus
honouring God, God forgot not his promise, and highly
exalted hi.s servant; for to liim was given, in a larger mea-
sure than often pertaineth to the sons of men, understand-
ing, and wisdom, and durable riches. His tried friend,
Bishop Burnet, chose most appropriately as the text for
, his funeral discourse, '* Fur God giveth to a man that is
BOY
BOY
good in his slj^ht, wisdom, knowledge, and joy." (Eccles.
xi. 26.) It has been truly said that
'■The works of Boyle discover the solid learning and great
aruUmess of the philosopher, blended with all that veneration for
God. and love to His revealed will, which so eminently charactei^
^ed him as a Christian."
The value of his contributions to the cause of science,
to the province of Natural Philosophy especially, cannot
be too highly esteemed. More than two-thirds of his
works are comjiosed of the results of his investigations
in Pneumatics, Chemistry, Medicine, and kindred sub-
jects. The philosophers of the 'day and of succeeding
times acknowledge their obligatiuns to Boyle in the
strongest terms. What a splendid eulogy is that of the
great Boerhaave !
'• Mr. Boyle, the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to
the Keiiiusand enquiries of the trreat Chancellor Verulam. Which
of all Mr. Boyle"s writings shall I recommend? All of them! To
him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water, animals, veiietables,
fossils : so that from his works may be deduced the whole system
of natural knowledge."
It has been remarked with reference to the fact that
Boyle was born in the same year in which Bacon died :
"Sol occubuit; nox nulla secuta est."
" For the history of nature, ancient and modern, of the produc-
tions of all countries, of the virtues and improvements of plants,
of ores, and minerals, and all the varieties that are in them in
different climates, he was by much, by very much, the readiest
and perfectest I ever knew, in the greatest compass, and with the
nicest exactness."' — Bishop Bubxet,
See Sir Isaac Newton's letter to Oldenberg, respecting
some of Boyle's experiments, communicated to the Boyal
Society, pub. in Phil. Trans., 1675.
" As a philosopher he conferred advantages on Science which
place him in the same rank with Bacon and Newton. When he
began his experiments, the inquiiies to which he devoted biuiself
had scarcely carried the students of nature to the thresh'ild of her
sanctuary. The most unwarranted suppositions were allowed to
hold the place of facts, and reasoning was canied on with but rare
appeals to any but a mere empirica,l experience. Aristotle had
still his ardent admirers on the one side, and on the other. Des-
cai'tes was dazzliug, as well as aweii»g, the minds of men into the
belief that Nature had unveiled herself to his bold and subtle
gaze." — Cunninghams Biog. History.
But Boyle and his associates inherited the inductive
system which Bacon had left as a legacy to the world, and
to what a noble end did they apply their patrimony !
*' To Boyle the world is indebted, besides some very acute re-
marks ami many tine illustrations of his own upon metaphysical
questions of the highest moment, for the philosophical arguments
in defence of religion, which have added so much lustre to the
names of Derham and Beutley ; and, £ir above both, to that of
Clarke. ... I do not recollect to have seen it anywhere noticed,
that some of the most striking and beautiful instances of design
in the order of the material world, which occur ia the sermons
preached at Boyle's Lecture, are borrowed fi-om the works of the
founder.''— i)ii/7«?d Siavart. Diss. 1st. Enci/d. Brit. See Bird's Life
of Boyle; Biog. Brit.: Thomsons llist. of Royal Society.
Boyle, Captain Robert. Voyages and Adventures
in several Parts of the World, Lon., 1728, Svo. This fic-
titious narrative, written by Benj. Victor, (q. v.,) has been
frequently reprinted.
Boyle, Roger, 1621-1679. Bamn Broghill. Earl of
Orrery, and Hfih son of the " Great Earl nf Cork." was a
native of Ireland, and educated at the College of Dublin.
The Irish Colours Displayed. Lon., 1622. 4to. Answer to
a Letter of Peter Walsh's, 1662. 4to. Poem on the Death
of Cowley, 1657. fol. Hist, of Henry V. ; a Tragedy. 1688,
fol. Mustapha; a Trag.. 1667. fol. The Black Prince; a
Trag.. 1672, fol. Triph.m ; a Trag.. 1672, fol. These four
plays were collected and pub. in 1690, and compose the
1st vol. of the earl's dramatic works. Parthenissa, a Ro-
mance, 3 vols. 4to, 1665. A Dream. Treatise upon the
Art of War, 1677, fol.
'■ Commended by many expert captains for the test piece extant
in English." — Antuony Wood.
Poems on the Fasts and the Festivals of the Church.
His Posthum. works are, Mr. Anthony ; a Comedy, 1692.
Guzman ; a Comedy, 1692. Herod the Great; a Tragedy,
169.3. Altemira; a Tragedy, produced 1702. State Let-
ters, pub. 1742. fol.
'• Vie)! worthy the notice of the reader." — Granger.
'■ A man who never made a bad figure but as an author
The sensible author of a vei-y curious life of this lord, in the Bio-
praphia. seems to be as bad a judge of poetry as his lordship, nr
Cicero, when he says that his writings are never ' flat and tilvial.'
\Vhatdoes he think of a hundred such lines as these?
" ' When to the wars of Aquitaine I went,
I HKide a friendship with the Karl of Kent.'
The Blade Prince, act v.
" One might as well find the sublime, or the modest, or the har-
monious, in this line :
" ' 0 fortunatam natani me consule Rom.am ! * "
Horace W_u-Pole: R. d- N. AiUfu/rs.
Hia treatment of his domestics and dependants com-
mends itself to all who would discharge a necessary
duty.
"He frequently observed that the meanest of them had a soul
to be saved as well as himself: an<I therefore he not only obliged
his chaplain to have a due attention to their spiritual concerns,
but frequently inspected the discharge of his duty in this particu-
lar."— Biog. Brit.
Boyle, W. R. Treatise on the Law of Charities,
Lon., Svo.
Boylston, Zabdiel, M.D., 1680-1766, a native of
Brookshire. Massachusetts, first introduced inoculation for
the smallpox into America. He pub. two works upon
this subject. 1721—30, (Lon.. 1726.) and some communica-
tions in the Philosophical Transactions.
Boyne, J, Letter to R. B. Sheridan, M.P.. 1792, Svo.
Boyne, L, S. Cursory Remarks on the Physical and
Moral History of the Human Species. 1815. Svo.
Boys, Mrs. The Coalition, or Family Anecdotes; a
Novel, 17S5, 2 vols. I2mo.
Boys, Edward. Sermon.«, edit. by R.Flynt, 1672, 4to.
Boys, Henry. Con. to Trans. Linn, Soc, ISUO.
Boys, Henry. Sermons, Lon., 1841.
Boys, James. Prac. Expos, on the 39 Articles, &c.,
1716, fol.
Boys, or Bois, John, 1560-16J3, Prebendary of Ely
Cathedral, trans, the Apocrypha. Ac. in the K. James's
version of the Holy Scriptures. He left many MSS., but
pub. only Veteris luterpretis cum Beza aliisqne recentiori-
bus Coliatio, etc., 1655. Svo.
'• Many of his strictures on Bexa are correct, and his defences of
the Latin Tulgate often ingenious and important." — Orme.
See a curious life of Buis, by himself, in Peck's Deside-
rata. He assisted Sii- Henry Saville in his edit, of St.
Chrysostom.
Boys, John, 1571-1625, Dean of Canterbury. Expo-
siti'Uis upon the Festivals, Epistles, and Gospels in the
English Liturgy, Lon.. 1614, 4to. New edit.. Phila., 1849,
Svo. Workes, 1622-29, fol. His Remains, viz. : Certaine
Sermons, 1631, 4to.
" Ilis style partakes of the quaintness of the age, but upon the
whole we think him less blamable on this score than some of his
contemporaries.''
Boys, John, ^neas, his Descent into Hell, Lon.,
1661. 4t<.. Libl. Anglo- Poet. £3 :u., contains pp. 248.
Boys, John. Agriculture of Kent., Lon., 1796, Svo.
"General opinion has ever given it the palm of county reports
of agriculture, for soundness of judgment and enlightened practi-
cal views."' — Donakhnn's Jgricidt. Biog.
Boys, John, M.D. Letter on Midwifery, Lon., 1807. Svo.
Boys, Thomas, of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Tactica Sacra: an Attempt to develope and to exhibit to
the Eye, by tabular Arrangement, a general Rule of Com-
position prevailing in the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1825, r.4to.
'■ An ingenious attempt to extend to the epistolary writings of
the N. Testament the principles of composition so ably illustrated
by IJishop Jebb."— T. H. IIorne.
See Brit. Review, xxii. 176. Key to the Book of Psalms,
Lon., 1S25, 8vo.
" An ingenious application of Bishop Jebb's system of Poetical
Parallelism to the interpretation of the Book of I'salms." — T. 11.
HORNE.
" The subject of parallelism is important." — Biceersteth.
New Testament, with a Plain Exposition for the Use of
Families, Lon., 1827, s. 4to.
"Por perspicuity of expression, and power of application, it will
often bear comparison with the best.'' — Girdlestone.
"Original, practical. and evangelical. . . . AVell adapted for fa-
mily improvement." — Bickeesteth.
Scrms., Svo. Suppressed Evidence on Miracles, 1832, 8to.
Tributes to the Dead. 12mo. Word for the Church, Ac, 12rao.
Boys, T. S. Sketches of London, fol., £4 4s. Co-
loured, £10 lOs. Picturesque Architecture of Paris,
Ghent, Antwerp, Rouen, <fcc., 29 drawings in oil, fol., £4 4a.;
imp. fol., £6 6s.
"■ Our recommendation of it to all who love and can appreciate
art cannot be given in terms too strong; it is worthy of the high-
est possible praise. The work is of exceeding beauty." — Lon. AH
Union.
'■A superb volume." — Lomlon Spectator.
Boys, William, 1735-1803, an eminent surgeon and
antiquary, was a native of Kent. His principal work is
Collections for the History of Sandwich j 3 parts, 4to,
Lon., 1786, '88, '92.
*' An elaborate and valuable work."
He contributed to Duucorabe's History of Reculver and
Heme, 17S3, and pub. Observations on the Kits-Coity
House, in Kent, in Arcbaiol. vol. xi. Testacea Minuta
Rariura. by Boys. Walker, and Jacob, was pub. in 17S4, 4to.
Boyse, John. Vindication of A. Osborne, Lon., 1690,
4to. Sacramental Hymns, 1693, 12mo. Passages rel. to
E. French, 1693, Svo.
BOY
BRA
Boyse, John. The Praise of Peace, Lon., 1742, 8vo.
Boyse, Joseph, 11)60-1728, a native of Yorkishire,
joint-pastor with Dr. D. Williams, and afterwards with
Rev. Thos. Emlvn, in Bublin. Theolog. Works, 1691-
1724; collected, Lon., 172S, 2 vols. fol. One of his ser-
mons— on the Office of a Christian Bishop — was ordered
to be burned by the Irish Parliament, in Nov. 1711.
"Boyse has been called the di,spentiug Scott, but much more
polite. Ilis language is plain, auimated, ixnd nervous; bis matter
19 excellently digested." — Doddridge.
* Boyse, Samuel, 1708-1749, only son of the preceding.
Poems, 17;U. Albion's Triumph, 1742 : anon. The Deity;
a Poem, 1740 ; 3d edit., 1752. Boyse was involved in great
distress in consequence of his idleness and improvidence.
He was one of the early associates of Dr. Johnson.
" Pope acknowledged that there were lines in hia Deity which
he should not have been ashamed to have written."
"A beautiful aud instructive poem." — IIervey: Meditations.
Boyse, Samuel. See Bovce.
Boystou, — , M.D., of New England, prolyibly Boyls-
TON. Z.. ('/. r.) Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724. Account of
Ambergris found in Whales.
Bozmau, Johu Leeds, 1757-1823, a poet, his-
torian, and eminent lawyer; liorn at Oxford, Talbot co..
Eastern Shore of Maryland, aud educated at the Univ. of
Peuna. 1. Observations on the Statute of Jac. I. ch. 16,
in relation to Estates Tail. 2. A New Arrangement of the
Courts of Justice of the State of Maryland, 1802. 3. His-
tory of Maryland from 1633-60, [introduction of which
was pub. 1811, and the complete work in 1837,] Baltimore,
2 vols. 8vo. 4. Essay on the Colonization Society, Wash-
ington, 1822. He was a constant contribntor of prose and
verse to Dennie's Port-Folio aud other journalfi of tho day.
Bozuii, or Bosen, au Anglo-Norman pnut, wrote nine
short metrical lives of Englif^h saints, preserved in a MS.
of the British Museum; MSS. Cotton., Domit., A. XL,
and perhaps a short piece in the preface of same volume.
See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Brabourne, Theoph, Treatises on the Sabbath,
Lon.. 1628-60. &c.
Brace, Rev. Charles Loriug, b. 1826, at Litchfield,
Connecticut. 1. Hungary in ISol, 12mo.
"There is probably not a work within the reach of the English
scholar that can afford him such a satisfactory view of Hungary,
as it now is, as this work of Mr. Brace." — Christian Intelligencer.
2. Home Life in Glermany, N. York. 1853.
*' A candid, earnest volume by an accurate and true-hearted ob-
Bervcr, it will hold an unique position. AVc are sure this volume
will have a wide circulation.'' — George Rivley.
3. Norscfolk : Travels in Norway and Sweden, N, York.
1857, 12mo.
Brace, John P., b. 1798, at Litchfield, Connecticut;
grad. Wm. Colloge, 1812. Lecture to Young Converts.
Tales of the Dtvils. Fawn of the Pale-Faces, &c.
Brace, Jouathau, b. 1810, in Conn.; grad. Amherst
Coll., 1831. Scripture Portraits, N.Y., 1854, 12mo. Ser-
mons, ('nntrib. Biblical Repository, Ac.
Brackeu,Etlw. Subordination enforced; aSerm., 1794.
Bracken, Heury, M.D. Works on Farriery, Lou.,
1738-51. Weston ascribes to him The Gentleman's and
Farmer's Guide, 8vo.
Brackeubury, Edward. Expos, on Isaiah, Lon.,
1802. 8vo. Fifty-Three Discourses, Lon., ISOfi, 2 vols. 8vo.
*"Tlie plan is fxi'^'d and tlie execution sensible.' — Btntish Critic.
Brackeubury, Joseph. Natalc Solum, *fcc., 1810, 8vo.
BracKenridge, Ileury M., b. 1786, at Pittsburg,
son of 11. H. Brackenridge, {jiost.) 1. Views of Louisiana,
&c. iu 1810, Pittsburg, 1812, 8vo.
'• To this work we are indebted for much various and useful in-
formation."—£</i». Bev., 1S19.
2. Letter to Mr. Monroe, President of U. States; by an
American, pp. 100. 3. Voyage to South America in 1817-
18, Lon.. 1820, 2 vols. 8vo.
" An extraordinary mass of information, replete with philosophic
views."' — Baron Humboldt.
4. History of Late War between U. S. and G. Britain,
12mo. 5. Recollections of Persons and Places in the
West: vol. i,, 1834; vol. li. in MS. 6. Essay on Trusts
and Trustees, Washington, 1842, 8vo. 7. History of the
Western Insurrection, MS.
Brackenridj^e, Hugh Henry, b. 1748, in Scotland.
d. 181 0, Judge of the SujtrL'mL- (.'nurt ol' Pennsylvania, grad.
at Princeton College, 1771. The Rising Glory of America;
a Poem, 1774. Eulogium of the Brave Men who fell in
the Contest with Great Britain, 1779. Modern Chivalry:
The Adventures of Captain Farrago. 1792; 2d ed., 1808,
2 vols. Incidents of the Insurrectiim iu 1794 in Peunsyl-
vania, 1795. Law Miscellanies, 1814.
" These Miscellanies are worthy of a careful perusal." — Aiiifton''s
Blk., 30.
234
Brackenridge, William. 17 Sermons, 17G4, 8vo.
liracounet, Henry, Chemical Con. to Nic. Jour.
<fcc., 1807-17.
Bracton, Henry de, an eminent English lawyer of
the 13th century, is stated by Sir William Pole and Prince
{vide Worthies of Devon) to have been anative of Devon-
shire. He ni'pears to have studied at Oxford, where he
took the degree of LL.D. In ancient records his name is
written in various ways; as Bracton, Bratton, Breton,
Bretton, Briton, Britton, and Brycton : but Bp. Nicol?on,
who adduces tliese names, confounds Bracton with John
Breton. In 1244 King Henry III. made him one of the
judges itinerant. His learned work, De Legibus ct Con-
suetudinibus, was first printed iu 1569, folio. In 1G40 it
was printed in 4to, after an examination of many MSS.
It has, however, been alleged that some of the most cor-
rect MSS. were overlooked. One of the best MSS. of his
valuable works was burnt Oct. 23, 1731, by a fire which
seriously damaged the Cotton Library at Ashburnham
House. It is divided into five books, and these into tracts
and chapters.
'• Consistently with the extensiveness and regularity of the plan,
the several parts of it are filkd with a curious and accurate detail
of legal learuinj;; so that the reader never tails of derivimr in-
struction or amusement from the study of this scientilic treatise
on our ancient laws and customs. It is written in a style much
beyond the generality of the writers of the age; being, though
not always polished, yet sufficiently clear, expi-t?s5ive, and nervous.
The excellence of Brarton's style must be attributed to his ac-
quaintance with the writings of the Roman lawyers and canonists,
from whom likewise he adopted greater helps than the language
in which he wrote. Many of those pithy sentences which have
been handed down from him as rules and" maxims of our law. are
to be found in the volumes of the imperial and pontifical juris-
prudence. . . . The value set on this work soon after its publica-
tion is evinced by the treatises of Britton and Fleta. which are
nothing mon- than ai^p^-nda-^es to Br.acton. The latter was in-
tended ;is an . pitunir ot that author; and the most of the former
is coiifmrd t(i ilir MiiL'l..- oftiiT uf supplying some few articles that
had been touihud lightly by him, with the addition of the statutes
made since he wrote. In ^fter times he continued the great trea-
sure of our ancient jurispru<^uce. Thus was Bracton deservedly
looked up to as the first source of legal knowledge, even .so low
down as th^- days of Lord Coke, who seems to have made the au-
thor his guide in all inquiries into the foundation of our law."
Our legal readers are aware of the fact that M. Houard,
the Norman advocate, when he prepared nn edition of
Glanville, Fleta, aud Britton, refu.«cd to admit Bracton to
such good company, on the ground that his writings had
corrupted tlie law of England! This is like turning an
aged and virtuous Pater ftnnilias out of doors on the
charge of disgracing his offspring! For an answer to M.
Houard's assertions, we need only point to his edition of
Littleton — Aiicionus Loir ties Fnnirois. But we must not
forget that laymen are expected to *' occupy the place of
the unlearned" in such matters. Bracton's great work can
never be "ruled out of court" by any ''statute of limita-
tions." To the student of law, to the antiquary, and to
all who feel pleasure in tracing the progressive improve-
ments of a great science, its value will ever be consider-
able.
" The law-books of Bracton and Fleta were the ancient law of
the land, extending to al! cases. These books are so strong, th.at
there has been no means of evading them but bv denying their
authority, and calling them hooks of civil law. and I never knew
them denied for law except wbere some statute or ancient usagA
has altered them." — Lord Aland.
" There be some ancient writers of the law, namely, Bracton,
Britton. and Olainville, whom, as it is not unprofit.ible'to read, so
to rely upon them is dangerous; for most «>f that which thev do
give forth for law is now antiquated and abolished. Their booka
are mt'niu)if)it<i ad'rauil(e r ubiginis, yjhXch be of more reverence
than autboiity." — Fut.beck.
" Bracton and Fnrt*scne are the two most learned of the ancient
LawyiM-R." — ISisFiop WARiimTnN.
"The best of judicial classics.'" — Sm Wiluam Jones.
See Reeves's History of the English Law; Prince's
Worthies of Devon ; Brooke's Bibl. Legum, vol. ii.; Biog.
Brit.; Bale; Pits; Tanner; Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bradberry, David. Letter rel. to Test Act, &c., 17S9.
Tetestni: a Poem, 1794.
Bradbury, John* Travels in the Interior of America
in iSDit, "10. "11 ; including a Description of Upper Loui-
siana. Kentucky. Indiann, and Tennessee, Lon., 1817, Svo.
Bradbury, Thomas, 1G77-1759, aDis.senting minis-
ter, stationed iu London, was celebrated for his facetious-
ness. He pub. a number of theological works, 1702-52.
Works, 3 vols. Svo, 1762; again, 1772. He introducea
politics largely into his discourses.
"His style is copious aud sprightly, and his Sermons discover
very extensive aciiuainfance with the Sacred Writings." — Waltkb
Wilson : Hintor;/ of the Disxerifers.
'• His sernmns all deserve reading. He was au exc-Ib-nt textn-
ary ; his manner of handling doctrinal subjects is triUy strength-
BRA
BRA
enin*; in faith, tending to comfort, and subserTient to practice." —
In,', r;. \\ ii.i,i vms.
JJiadbmy, Win. B., b. 1816, at York, Maine. Dis-
tingiu.sJKMl iMii.siful AVritcr. Spent two years in Europe
purauiu;^ his musical studies, and in collecting a large and
rare library of Musical Works. lie was a pupil of the
celebrated M. Hauptnian. Prof, of Harmony, Ac. at Leip-
6ic. Young Choir, N. Y., ISll. School Singer, 1843.
Flora's Festival. ISiS. Young Melodist. Musical Gems.
Sabbath School Melodies. Young Shawm, 1855, Ac.
" The .above juvtmile singing-books are very extensively used."
Psalmodist. Choralist. Mendelssohn Collection. Paal-
mata, or Choir Melodies. The Shawm, 1854, N. Y.
"These collei'tions of Sacred Music are very popuhn."
Soci.al Singing-Book. Alpine (rlee-Book. Mctropiditan
Glee-Book. Editor of N. York Musical Review, and Con-
trib. to various journ.als.
Bradhy, .lames. Liiw of Distres-ses, Lon., 180S, Svo.
BracIilit'U, Juliii. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc, 1817.
Brailclon, Lawrence. Essex's Innocency and Ho-
nour Vindicated, Lon., 1600, 4to. Other works, 1614-1725.
The Miseries of the Poor a National Sin and Shame,1717, Svo.
Bradforti, A. W. American Antitiuities, and Ilo-
Boarchcs into the Origin and History of the Red Race, New
York, 1843, imp. Svo.
*■ .4n able invi'stiiration of a subject which has excited much at-
tention. This able work is a very desir.able companion to those of
Stepliens and others on the Ruins of Central America."
Bradford, Aldcn, LL.D., 1765-1843, a native of
Duxbnry, Mass., pub. several works on History and Bio-
graphy, the best-known of which is A History of Massa-
chusetts.
Bradford, Annie Chambers, b. at Georgetown, Ky.,
1S28. 1. Nelly Bracken ; a Story of South-Western Life,
Phila,, 1854. 12mo. 2. Collection of Poems, 1855, 12mo.
Bradford, John, one of the most eminent martyrs in
the reign of Queen Mary, was burnt at Smithflcld in'l555.
He was born at Manchester, in the former p.art of the reign
of Henry Vlir.,entered of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1548,
was ordained 1550, and obtained great popularity as a
pi-eacher. He wrote many theological treatises, the most
of which were pub. after his murder. An edit. pub. by
The Parker Society, Camb., 1848, was edited by Aubrey
Townsend, Bsi]. His Life, Writings, and Selections from
his Correspondence will be found in vol. vi. of the Fathers
of the English Church ; and see Jlcmoirs of the Life and
Martyrdom of. with letters, Ac. by William Stevens, Lon.,
1S32, Svo. Writings in British Reformers. Religious
Tract Society, 12mo. Twenty-two of his letters will be
found in Coverdale's collection, and some of them arc in
Fox and other Martyrologies.
- Bradford's betters .are among the most edifvintr and instruc-
tive remains of this period. The sweet spirit of adoption breathes
throULrbout." — RlCKEIISTETU.
Bradford, John. Letter to the Erles of Arundel,
Darbio. Shrewsbury, and Pembroke, decLirig the Nature
of Siianiardcs, Ac, 1555, 16mo.
Bradford, John. Letter to the Inhabitants of Saf-
fron Waldon, isl:;.
Bradford, John. Sermon, Lon., 1746, Svo.
Bradford, fSamnel, D.D., 1652-1731, entered of
Bcne't College, Cambridge, 1672; Prebendary of West-
minster, 1707; Bishop of Carlisle, 1718; tr.anslated to Ro-
chester, 1723. The Credibility of the Christian Religion,
preached at Boyle's Lecture, Lon., 1699, 1700, 4to ; 1739,
fol. Ho also pub. separately 23 sermons, 1692-1720. He
assisted in the i>ub[icatiou of Tillotson's Works.
Bradford, Samuel Dexter, ol West Roxbury, Mass.
His writings, collected by himself, were printed for private
circulation. The opening article was composed in 1813 ; the
last contribution was written in 1855. Bost., 1858, pp. 427.
Bradford, William, 15SS-1657, second governor
of Plyinoulh Colony, wrote a history of the Plymouth
peoi)lo and colony, 1602-47, left in MS, Bost., 1856, Svo.
'• Morton's memorial is an abridgment of it. Prince and Hutch-
inson had the use of it."
A fragment from his MS. book of copies of letters rela-
tive to the affairs of the colony has been pub. by the Maa-
Bnchusetts Historical Society.
" To which is sul>ioiued a description and historical account of
New England in Verse."
He also pub. some theological pieces.
Bradford, William. Sketches of Portugal and
Spain. Lon., ISOl), ful.
Bradford, William. Sermon, Lon., 1,84.3, Svo.
Bradford, William, 175.5-1795, Attornoy-general of
the United Stiites, was a native of Philadelphia. He
pub. An Bu'iuiry how far the Punishment of Death is ne-
cessary in Pennsylvania, with an Account of the Peniten-
tiary House of Phil.ideli.hia, by Caleb Lownes, 1705, Svo.
This work was written at the request of Governor Mifflin.
Mr. Bradford was in early life a poetical contributor to the
Phila,dcl]>hia inngaziues.
Bradley. Present for Cajsar against Tithes, Svo.
Bradley, C. Educational works, 1800-16.
Bradley, Charles, Vicar of Glastonbury, Perp.
Curate of ."^t. .linnes's, (_'laphara. Sermons preached in
the Parish Church of High Wycombe, Lon., 1819, Svo.
Parochial Sermons, Lon.. 1827, Svo. Sermons preached
in St. James's Chapel, Clapham, Surrey ; 2d ed., Lon.,
1832, Svo. Sermons preached chiefly at the Celebration
of the Lord's Supper; 2d ed., Lon., 1S43, Svo. Prac-
tical Sermons for Every Sunday and Principal Holy Bay
in the Year; 3d edit.," Lon.. 184S. 2 vols. Svo. Some of
the vols, have gone through many editions.
" Bradley's style is sententious, pithy, and colloquial. lie is
simple, without being quaint, and he almost holds conversatiou
with his hearers without descending from the dignity of the sa-
cred iliair," — [,i>n<hn E':ti:c!ir 7,*cc;, jo.
■■ W r -no. si ly desire that every pulpit in the kingdom may be
the ^i In. !.■ nl iliscunrscs as .iudiiimis and practical, as scriptmal
and drvoul. as tliesc." — Lcndnn Cliriatinn Ohsfrvcr.
'■ Very able and evangelical." — liicKERsTKTif.
Bra!dley, Christopher. Sermon, 1666, 4to.
Bradley, F., M.D. Profess, works, 1815-18.
Bradley, Henry. Rem,arks on the Ancient Physi-
cian's Legacy, Lon., 1733, Svo.
Bradley, James, 1692-1762, an eminent astronomer
and divine, a native of Shireborn, in Gloucestershire, was
admitted a commoner of Baliol College, Oxford, in 1710;
ordained deacon and priest in 1719; chosen Savilian Pro-
fessor of Astronomy in Oxford. Oct. 31, 1721. He pub. a
Letter to the Earl of Maccleslield on the fixed stars, Lon.,
1747, 4to. Some of his astronomical papers were pub. in
Phil. Trans., 172.3, '28, '57. He left 13 folio and 2 quarto
vols, of observations made during 20 years at the lloyal
Observatory; from these were pub. by the University of
Oxford, Astronomical Observations, Ac, edited by the llev.
N. Bliss, Oxf., 179S-1805.
" It is .said there was not an .astronomer of any eminence in the
world, with whiini he had not a litei'ary correspondence.''
Bradley, John. Sermons, l'700-13, 4to.
Bradley, John. Astronomical Con. to Trans. Ame-
ric. Soc. i. los.
Bradley, O. W., M.D. A Treatise on Forensic Me-
dicine, or ^ledical Jurisprudence, 1815.
Bradley, K. Pr.actiral Points, or Maxims in Con-
veyancing, 3d edit., Lon., Svo, by J. Riston.
" They conhiin some useful hints, but are not all to be depended
upon."
Bradley, Richard, d. 1732, Professor of Botany at
Cambridge, 1724, was a volnmimuis writer upon garden-
ing and agriculture, 1716-29, his works forming two folio,
four quarto, and nearly twenty Svo volumes.
Historia Plantarum Succulentarum, in Latin and Eng-
lish, 1716-27, 4to, with plates.
"The tigures are exceedingly well done in the style of the time.
It preserves its value, as being cited by Linna-'US, and as containing
some plants not figured iu any other ]>nblicatiou." — Dr. Piiltenet.
APhilosophical Account of the Works of Nature, 1721,4to.
"This was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and
continued in repute sever.al years." — Nichols's LiUnirt/ Anecdotes,
The same m.ay bo said of his General Treatise of Hus-
bandry and Gardening, 2 vols. Svo, 1726, and of his Prac-
tical Discourses concerning the four Elements as they re-
late to the growth of Plants, Svo, 1727. Dictionarium
Botanicum, 2 vols. Svo, 1728. Ilr. Pultoney thinks that
this was the first attempt of the kind in English. For a
list of Bradley's works, with comments thereou, sec Ni-
chols's Literary Anecdotes, voL i. 446; and consult Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog.
"Though Bradley's writings do not abound in new discoveries,
yet they are not destitute of interesting knowledge, collected from
coutempoi-ary gardeners and from books. lie was an advocate
for the circulation of the sap, and made several new oliservalinns
on tile sexes of jiiants. in consequence nf the production of hybrid
species, by wlii li he added strength to that doctrine." — Dr. Pal-
Uyw/s IlUt.itnd Biog. Sketches, vol. ii.
Bradley, S. A Sermon on Selfishness, ISOS.
Bradley, Samuel. Cause of the Innocent, 1664, 4to.
Bradley, Stephen R., of Connecticut, d. 1830, aged
76. He pub. Vermont's Ajiiteal, 1779, which has been
sometimes ascribed to Ira Allen.
Bradley, Thomas. Sermon.s, 1650-70, 4to.
Bradley, Thomas, D.D. Sermons, 1661-67, 4to.
Bradley, Thomas, M.D., d. 1813, aged 62. A New
Medical Dictionary, Lon., 1803, I2mo. Con. to Med. Phys.
Jour.; Jlcmoirs Med., Ac. 179.5-1813.
Bradley, William H., of Rbo.le Isl.and, d. 1825. He
pub. Giuscppino, 1822, and many fujjitivo pieces of poetry.
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Bradly, John. Elomonts of Geofrraphy, 1813.
Bradiiev, Joseph. Art of tbc Apolliecary, 1796,
8vo. Biilliun and Banks, 1810, 8vo. Ancient Layman,
1812. Sv.i.
Brailshaigh, Thomas. Sermons, 1715, '20, '47.
IJradshaw. Treatise on Wools. 1754, 8vo.
Bradshaw, Henry, an early English poet, d. 151.3,
entered wiiilst a boy into the Benedictine monastery of
St. Werberg, in Chester, his native city. Ho studied at
Gloucester, now Worcester, College, in the suburbs of O.'C-
ford. and after a course of theology
" II.' returned to his cell at St. Werberg. and in his elder years
wrote Do Anliijuitate & Maguificentia Urbia Cestrin!; Chrouicon,
ic." — so necessary, even to the most devout, is reguliir labour.
He trans, from the Latin The Holy Lyfe and History
of Saynt Werburge, very frutefuU for all Christen People
to rede. Imprinted by'Richard Pynson, 1521, 4to ; sup-
posed to hiive been trans, aulc 1500. See an interesting
account of this volume in Dilidiu's Typog. Antiq. vol. ii.
491. It is a volume of great rarity. Sold in the Wood-
house sale for £31 10«. ; priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet. £63;
resold by Saunders in 1818 for £42.
Lyfe of Saynt Radegunde. Impr. by Richard Pynson, 4to.
*• AlthoU'.rh the name of the author or translator of thisbook
do.'s not directly appear upon the face of it. yet on comparinc it
wilh the life of St. ITerburge. it m.ay readily be perceived that
both wore penned by the same person, Henry Br.adshaw, but
hitherto omitted in every list of his works."— flfrficrCs Tj/ixig. Antirj.
Sold at the Woodhouse sale, 1803, for £17 178.
" Henry Br-adshaw has rather larger pretensions Ut poetical fame
than Williani of Nassington. although scarcely deserving the n.ame
of an original writer in any respect. . . . Bale, a violent reformer,
observes, that our poet was a peison reniarli.ably pious for the
times in which he flourished. This is an indirect satire on the
monks, and on the period which preceded the Refjrmatiou. I be-
lieve it will readily he granted, that our author had more piety
than poetry."— Ii;/;(nns llisl.of Eng. Poetry.
But nndi riUrnaii pailcin ;
'• It is presumed from the specimen of Bradshaw's poetry above
selected, that bis name will stand among the foremost in the list
of those of the period wherein he wrote. Ilis descriptions are
oftentimes happy, as well as minute; and there is a tone of moral
purity and rational piety in his thoughts, enriched by the legend-
ary lore of romance, that renders many pass.a':res of his poem
[f^iiynt Werhurgel exceedingly iuterestiug."— DtWm's Tiip. Antiq..
vol! ii. 4'Jl. See also Wood's Athen, Oxon., by Bliss, i. 13-19, and
Sava',re's Librarian, ii, 7-^-70.
Bradshaw, James, d. 1702. aged 67, a Noncon-
formist divine, educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
The Sleepy Spouse of Christ alarmed, Lon,, 1677, 8vo.
The Trial and Triumph of Faith.
Bradshaw, John. Nature and Obligation of Oaths,
Lon,, 16H2. 4to. Concerning Tenderness of Conscience,
Lon., 4to.
Bradshaw, Hon. Mary Ann Cavendish. Me-
moirs of the Countess d'Alva, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808. Ferdi-
nand and Ordella, 2 vols. 12mo, 1810.
Bradshaw, Sergeant. Heroic Epistle to John
Dunning. Esq., 178(1, 4to.
llradshaw, Thomas. The Shepherd's Starre, Now
of late scene, and at this bower to be observed merueilous
orient in the East : which bringeth glad tyding.s to all
that may behold her brightness, tiauing the foure elements
with the foure Capital! vertues in her, which makes her
Elementall and a vanquisher of all earthly humors. De-
scribed by a Gentleman late of the Right worthie and
honorable the Lord Burgh, his companie and retinue in
the Briell in NorthhoUand. London, printed by Il(d)ert
Ridiinson, 1691, 4to, pp. 00. Priced in Bild. Anglo-Poet.
£30 ; resold by Saunders, in 1S18, for £10 10,!. !
BradshaAV, William, 1571-1618, an eminent Puri-
tan divine, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge,
1589; minister of Chatham, Kent, 1601; subsequently
lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate Street, London. Eng-
lish Puritanism, 1605.
" This is valuable, as showing the difference between the princi-
ples of the ancient and modern Nonconformists, Ne.al has given
an .abstract of it. and Dr. Ames translated it into Latin,"
Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1615, 8vo. The same in
Latin, Leyd., 1618, 12mo ; Oxon., 165S, 8vo. Other works.
'• lie was of a strong brain and of a free spirit, not suffering
himself for .small differen.-'S ,,f judgment to be alienated from his
friends, to whom, notwitlisfandinL' his seeming austerity, he was
very pleasing in conversatiun, being full of witty and harmless
url-aiiitv,'' — Bishop Hm.i..
Bradshaw, William, D,D., Bishop of Bristol, 1724,
d. 1732. aged CI). Two Sermons. 1714, '47, 8vo.
IJradstreet, Anne, 1613-1672, daughter of Thomas
Dudley, Governor of Mass,achusetts, was a native of
Northampton, England. At the ago of 16 she married
Simon Bradstreet, and accompanied him to America in
1630. Her husband became Governor of Massachusetts
in 1080. Among the descendants of Mrs. Bradstreet who
236
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have risen to distinction, is RirHAUD H. Dana. (7. v..) the
ivoU-known American author. The first collection of Mrs.
Bradsfreet's poems was pub. in 1640, under the title of
Several Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and
Learning, full of delight; wherein especially is contained
a compleat Discourse and Description of the Four Ele-
ments, Ciuistifuti'ins, Ages of Man, and Seasons of the
Year, togctlicr with an exact Epitome of the Three First
Monarchies, viz. : The As.syrian, Persian, and Grecian ;
and the beginning of the Roman Commonwealth to the
end of their last King, with divers other Pleasant .and
Serious Poems : by a Gentlewoman of New England.
This voh Wiis reprinted in London with the " Tenth Muse,
lately sprung up in America," prefixed to the title. A
second American edition, from the press of John Foster,
Boston, in 1678:
*' Corrected by the author, and enbarged by the addition of
several other poems found among her papers after her death."
Mrs. Bradsfreet's poems bear evidence of an intimate
acquaintance with, and great admiration of, " Great Bartas'
sugared lines." Sylvester's trans, of the Divine Weeks of
Du Bartas had introduced this poet to a largo circle of
English admirers.
Mrs. Bradstreet thus expresses her admiration of the
Soldier-Poet :
" But when my wandering eyes and envious heart
Great Bartas' sugared lines do but read o'er.
Fool ! I do grudge the muses did not part
'Twixt him and me their over-fluent store.
A Bartas can do what a Bartas will —
But simple I. according to my skill."
Nathaniel Ward, the author of The Simple Cobbler of
Agawam, would have us to nnderst.and that, whatever
might be Mrs. Bradstreet's opinion in the jiremises, yet
Apollo was not by any means satisfied of the unquestion-
able precedence of Du Bartas :
'■ Mercury showed .\pollo Bartas' book,
Minerv.a this, and wished him well to look
And tell uprightly which did which excel.
He viewed and viewed and vowed he could not tell."
See Griswold's Female Poets of America.
More distinguished authorities than Ward vied in cele-
brating Mrs. Bradstreet's poetical efi'usions.
Dr. Cotton Mather considered her works to be
" A monument to her memory, beyond the stateUest marble." —
Magiifilia.
" Your only h.and those poesies did compose;
Your head the source whence all these springs did flow,"
John Kooers; Pn'sidml of Harvard OoUege.
" Now T believe Tradition, which doth call
The Muses. Virtues, Graces, females all;
Chily they are not nine, eleven, nor three: —
Oiu- authoress proves them but one unity."
Benjamin \\ooT)iiMD<i¥.,jirst graduate of Harvcu-d College.
" One unity :" is it possible ? How strange !
John Norton describes this
" peerless gentlewoman, the mirror of her age and glory of her sex :
" ' Praise her who list, yet he shall be a debtor.
For art ne'er feigned, nor nature formed, a better.' "
"These praises run into hyperbole, and prove, perhaps, that
their authors were more gallant than critical; but we perceive
from Mrs. Bradstreet's pcH-ms that they are not destitute of imagi-
nation, and that she was thoroughly instructed in the best learn-
ing of the age."— K. \\'. Griswold.
In the height of enthusiasm, good John Norton goes so
far as to declare, that if '^'irgil could hear her works, he
would condemn his own to the flames. As the Mantuan
Bard is not likely to be gratified by hearing Mrs. Brad-
street's efi'usions. it is idle to discuss the position as.sumed
by Norton, and argue whether Virgil would or would not
be capable of such an act of philanthropic abnegation, or
ebullition of disappointed rivalry, as the combustion of
his verses would disjday to the eyes of an astonished and
mourning world. Uliserable as 'Virgil's efi'usions may be,
when comp.ared with the verses of Mrs. Bradstreet. yet
somehow we have become accustomed to him, and could
better spare a better poet, — even the famed " Tenth Muse"
herself
Bradstreet, Anne. Poems, Lon., 1858.
Bradstreet, Capt. Dudley. Life and Uncommon
Adventures of. Dublin, 1755, 8vo. Major Dudley Brad-
street, son of Governor Simon Bradstreet, was taken pri-
soner, with his wife, by the Indians, at Andovcr, in 1098.
Bradstreet, Robert. The Sabine Farm; a Poem,
Lon., 1810, Svo.
Bradstreet, Simon, d. 1741, aged 72, minister at
Charlestown, Massachusetts, wrote a Latin epitaph upon
his predecessor. Rev. Jlr. Morton, which has been pre-
served by the Mass. Hist. Society.— Jl/n««. iti'i- CiM. viii. 75.
Bradstreet, Simon, d. 1771, minister at Marble-
head, Massachusetts, was a son of the preceding. He
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pub. a sermon on the denth of his brother Samuel, 1755.
— J/-rv«. llist. Coll., viii. 75, 7().
Uiailwnrdiii, Bradwariline, or Bredvvardiue,
Thomas, an English schoolman of the l-ith century,
kn.>wu as the "Profound Doctor," was consecrated Arch-
bii^hop of Canterbury in 1349. and died a few weeks after-
wards. He was of Merton College, O.xfurd, and one of the
Proctors of that University in 1325. Astronomical Tables
in MS. in the possession of Sir Henry Savile. Geome-
trica Specula tiva, cum Arithmetica speculativa, Paris,
14i)o-150i, fol. Arithmetica, printed separately in 1502;
other editions of both, 1512-30. De Proportionibus, Paris,
1495; Venice, 1505, fol. De Qaadratiira Circuli, Paris,
1495, fol. Do Causa Dei contra Pelagium, et de Virtute
Causarum libri tres; ex editione Henrici Savilii, Lon.,
161S, fol. This refutation of Pelagianismis Bradwardine's
principal work, and gained him great renown.
" As Bradwardine was a very excellent matheniaticwn. he en-
deavoured to tri*at tbt^olo^ical subjects with a mathematical accu-
racy ; was th-' tirst di\ iiie, as for as I know, says Sh- Henry Savile.
who pursut'd tliat iii.-lliod. The book against IVIagiauism is one
reiiularconnci'ti'd s.Ti>'s of reasoning; from principle, or conclusions
which have been demonstrated before."
'■ Accused by the Catholics as holding out the same doctrine
which has since been termed Protestantism." — Dr. Adam Clarke.
'• It is a surprising work for the age in which it appeared." —
BlCKERSTETH.
The story upon which Parnell's poem of the Hermit is
founded is supposed to have been derived from an apo-
logue in this book. Chaucer refers to Bradwardine as a
great authority in the Schools. See The Nonnes Priestes Tale.
Itrailweli, Stephen. A Watchmau for the Post,
Lon.. 1()25, 4tM. Helps for Suddain Accidents, Lon., 1633,
12mo. Pbysick for the Plague, Lon., lG3(i, 4to.
Brady 9 J, H, Churchwarden and Overseer's Guide,
Lon., 12mo. Law of Debtor and Creditor. 12mo. Diction-
ary of Parochial Law and Taxation, 12mo. Executor's
Account-Book, 4to. Guide to Kuole, Kent, 1S39, 8vo; do.,
Lon., 12mo. Familiar Law Adviser, 18mo. Other works.
Brady, John. The Clavis Calendaria, or a Com-
pendious Analysis of the Kalendar. Illustrated by Ec-
clesiastical, Historical, and Classical Anecdotes, Lon.,
1SI3. 2 vols. 8vo; abridged. 1814, 12mo.
'• Especially to students in divinity ami law. it will ho an in-
valuable acquisition: and we hesitate not to declare that, in pn>
portion as its merits become known to the public, it will find its
way to the libraries of every gentleman and scholar in the king-
dom."— Lon. Quart. Bin-iew.
" Very few publications have so feir a claim to merit." — Lo7i.
Gent. Mag.
"Replete with learning and anecdote, so as to command the
most lively attention." — Anti-Jacobin Bevieiv.
Dissertations on the Names of Persons, 12nio. Varieties
of Literature. Svo.
Brady, Nicholas, 1650-1726, a native of Eandon,
Ireland, educated at Westmin.ster and Christ Church, Ox-
ford, became minister of Richmond, Surrey, and Rector of
Clapham. Theolog. Treatises, Sermons, \tc., 1695-1724.
The ^neids of Virgil, trans, into English verse, Lon.,
1726, 4 vols. Svo, pub. by subscription. He is best known
by the New Version of the Psalms of David, executed in
conjunction with Nahum Tate, Lon., 1G95, Svo; (the first
20, j 1698, 8vo; 1700. 1703.
"Tate and Brady are too quaint, and where the Psalmist rises
to sublimity (which is very often the ease) are apt to sink into
bombast; yet Tate and Brady have many good passaws, especially
in those psalms that contain simple enunciations of moral truth."
^Dr. Be\ttie.
Brady, Nicholas, Sermon. 1738, 4to.
Brady, Robert, M.D., d. 1700, a native of Norfolk,
was admitted of Cains College, Cambrid^^e, 1643. An
Answer to I\Ir. Petyt's book ou Parliaments. Lon., 1681,
Svo. An Introduction to the Old English History, &c.,
Lon., 1681, 4to ; 2d edit, enlarged, 1684, fol. Dr. b! wrote
two other treatises on historical matters, 1690-91, and a
letter to Dr. Sydenham on the Influence of the Air on
Human Bodies; pub. in Sydenhiim's Works. But his
best-known work is A Complete History of England from
the first Entrance of the Romans to the Death of K.
Richard IL, vol. i., Lon., 1685. fob: ii., 1700, fob; with
the Introduction, (see above,) 1684, 3 vols. fol. Hume is
said to have been chiefly indebted to Brady for the facts
and principles of his history. Brady's accuracy bas been
highly commended.
'' It is compiled so religiously upon the very text, letters, and
syllable of the authorities, especially those upon record, that the
work may justly pass for an antiquarian law-book." — Lord Keeper
Guilford.
"It is a work which will every year necessarily become rarer
and rarer, and the well-disposed towards an acquisition of pond
old Enrrlish History, will do well to secure a copy of it." — Dibdins
Library Oimpanioii. I
Brady, Samuel. Medical Essays, 1722, &.c.
Brady, Terence, M.D. Medical Essays. 1755-60.
Bragge, Francis, Vicar of Hitchin, and Prebendary
of Lincoln. Discour.^e on the Parables, Lon., 1694. 2 vols.
Svo. Observations on the Miracles, 2 vols. Svo, 1702-fl4.
Thirteen Sermons, 1713, Svo. TheoL Works, 5 vols. Svo.
'•I would likewise recommend Bragpe on tbe Parables and
Miracles of our Saviour: especially if one would learn to emanci-
pate himself from the slavery of usinj; notes.'' — Dr. ■\VoTTnN.
Dr. Wotton also recommends the study of Braggc's Dis-
courses "to prepare the mind, and, consequently the style,
for the composition of Sermons."
Bragge, Francis. A Treatise on Witehcraft,I712,8vo.
Bragtre, J. Duke of York as Commander, 1811, Svo.
Braiige, Rohert, 1665-1 7;-;7-38. Sermon5.1674-1739.
Braiim, W. G. dc. Atlantic Pilot, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Braid, James. Neurypuolugy, or the Rationale of
Nervous Sleep, considered iu relation with Animal Mag-
netism. Lon., 1843, Svo.
" I'nlimitt'd skepticism is equally the child of imbecility, as im-
plicit credulity.'" — Dlq.ud Stewart.
Braidwood, Messrs. Vox Oeulissnbjecta, 1783, Svo.
Braidwood., W. Baptist, of Edinburgh. Theolog.
Works, with Memoir of his Liie and Writings, by William
Jones, 1838, Svo.
" He possessed a masculine understanding, profound acquaint-
ance with Scripture, and discriminatiiit: jud'j;ment."
Brailsford, J, Sermons, 1761-76, Svo.
Bi-aim, T. H. History of New South Wales to 1844,
2 vols. p. Svo.
" As a regular systematic account of this colony, developing: the
present state and future prospects of the fifth quarter of tbe iilobo,
Mr. Kraim's history merits and will obtain a permanent place in
the library." — Lon. Litcrar)/ Guzrtti.
Braiuard, John G. C, 1796-1828, an American
poet of considerable note, was a native of New London,
Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College in 1815, and
then commenced the practice of the law at Middletown,
Conn. A volume of his poems, consisting partly of big
contributions to the Connecticut Mirror, which he edited
for five ye.ars, was pub. in 1825, and very favourably re-
ceived. This volume contained hut little more than half
of the poetry comprised in the third edition. An edit, was
pub. in 1832, which contains an account of his life by Juhn
U. Whitticr, an intimate friend. A number of pieces in
this volume were not the compositions of Brainard. Tho
last edition of his works, pub. in 1S42, (Hartford, 16mo,)
gives us some insight into his career as a Newspaper Editor
— that Sisyphus of modern days.
*' He faiifd only in his humoi-ous pieces; in all the rest his
lauiiuace is appropriate and pure, bis diction free and harmonious,
and his sentiments natural and sincere. His serious poems are
characterized by deep feelinj; and delicate fancy: and if we had no
records of his history, they wovdd sliow that he was a man of
great gentleiicsp. simplicity, and purity." — K. W. Griswold.
Brainerd, David, 1718-1747, an eminent missionary
to tbe North American Indians, was a native of Haddam,
Connecticut. An Account of his Life, chiefly from big
own Diary, by Jonathan Edwards j to which is annexed
T. Mr. Braincrd's Journal while among tbe Indians. II. Mr.
Pemberton's Sermon at his ordination. With an Appendix
relative to Indian Affairs, Edin., 1765, Svo. A new edit,
of his Memoirs was pub. in 1822, by Sereuo Edwards
Dwight, including his Journal. Mr. Edwards had omitted
the already printed Journals, which bad been pub. in two
parts: the first from June 19th to Nov. 4. 1745. entitled
Mirabilia Dei inter Indicos; the second from Nov. 24 to
June 19, 1740, under the title Divine Grace Displayed, &.c.
Mr. Dwight has incorporated those journals in a regular
chronological series with the rest of the Diary as above
given by Edwards.
His friend, President Edwards, declares that he
" Never knew his equal of his age and standing, for clear, accu-
rate notions of the nature and essence of true religion, and its
disiinctions from its various f'dse appearances."
Brainthwait, WiUiam, Master of Gonville and
Cains C»)liege, was one of the 47 divines commissioned by
James I. to prepare the version of tbe Holy Scriptures
which bears the name of that monarch. The Apocrypha
was confided to Drs. Brainthwait, Radclyfie, Downcs,
Boyse. and Messrs. Ward.
Braithwait, Gulielmus. Siren Coelestis, Lon., 1633,
Braithwait, Richard. See Bkathwait.
Brailhwaite, Captain John. History of the Re-
volutions in the Empire of Morocco in 1727-28, Lon., 1729,
r. Svo. Trans, into Dutch. German, and French.
"Resides the historical details, the accuracy of which is un-
doubted, .IS Brailhwaite was an eye-witness of the events he de-
scriln-s. this work gives us some valuable information on the
physi'Ml and moral statp of the people." — Stkvenson.
Brailhwaite, John. Account of his Travels, La-
237
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bours in the Ministry, and Writings, by Robert Diokin-
son, LoD., 1825, 12mo.
" A Talual^e addition to the stores Of modern religious bio-
graphy."— Wevhyan Methodist Afag.
Brakeii, Henry. Medical Essays, Lon.,1737,'39,8vo.
Bralesford, Humph. Theolog. Treatises, 1689,
1724, Svo.
Bramah, Joseph, 1749-1815, a skilful engineer, best
known by the lock which bears his name. I>issertation
on the Construction of Locks, Lon., 17S7, Svo. Letter
rel. to "Watt's Patent. 1797, Svo. Con. to Nic. Jour. : A
Ni:w Pre^?. 1797. A .Jib, 1804.
Bramble, Robert. The Royal Brides, or Sketches
of Exalted Characters, 1816, 3 vols. 12mo.
Bramhall, Johu, D.D., 1593-166.1. a native of Ponte-
fract, Yorkshire, entered Sydney College, Cambridge,160S.
He was made Prebendary of York, then of KiiJon, went to
Ireland in 1633, and became Archdeacon of Mcath ; in
1634 he was promoted to the bishopric of Londonderry,
and in 1661 was translated to the primacy of Armagh. A
Sermon preached before the Earle of Newcastle, York,
1643, 4to. (Not included in his works.) A Fair Warning
against the deception of the Scotch Discipline, 1649, 4to.
A Vindication of the Church of England against Criminal
Schism, Lou., 1654. Svo. An Answer to De la Militiere's
Victory of Truth, Hague, 1654, Svo. A Defence of True
Liberty, in answer to Hobbes's Treatise of Liberty and
Necessity, Lon., 1655, Svo, A Repub. of the Bp. of
Chaleedon's Survey. Lon., 1666, Svo. Castigation of Mr.
Hobbes's last Animadversions, in the case concerning
Liberty and universal Necessity, with an Appendix con-
cerning the catching of the Leviathan, Lon., 165S, Svo.
The Consecration and Succession of Protestant Bishops
vindicated, Graven., 1650, Svo. Schism guarded against,
and beaten back upon the right owners, 1658, Svo. Vin-
dication of the Episcopal Clergy, 1672, 4to. Life and
Works, Dublin, 1677, fol. ; repub. in Library of Anglo-
Cath. Theology, 5 vols. Svo, Oxf., 1842-45. 'Archbishop
Bramhall was a man of great energy of character, and
highly esteemed by his contemporaries. During the Civil
War he resided chiefly abroad. An answer to Milton's
Defensio Populi was attributed to him, but Mr. Todd dis-
proves the charge in his Life of Miltun.
" Perhaps the most valuable part of his works is that in which
he contended wiUi Ilobbes. He argued with prt^it acuteness
a?:.T.inst Ilnl.ln-s's notions on liberty aud neressity, in the Catching
of the Leviathau, in which he undertakes to demnnstrate. out of
llobbes's own woiks, that no sincere Hobbist can he a good Chris-
tian, or a good Commonwealth's man, or reconcile himself to
himself."
Bramston. Sermon on Rom. x. 2, Svo.
Bramstou, James, d. 1744, Vicar of Starting, in
Sussex. The Art of Politics ; in imitation of Horace's
Art of Poetry. The Man of Taste ; oecasirtned by Pope's
Epistle on that subject: both pub. in Dodsley's Collection,
vol. i. The Crooked Sixpence; in imitation of Philips's
Splendid Shilling; pub. in The Repository, vol. i.
" Dr. Warton objects to bis Man of Taste, that he has made his
hero laugh at himself and his own follies. The satire, however, in
other respects, is truly legitimate."
Bramston, John. Theolog. treatises. 1688, 1724.
Bramstoii, WilHam, Sermons, 1695-1714.
BramwoU, Geortje. Analytical Table of the Private
Acts 1 Geo. II. to 52 Ueo. IIL. Lou., 1813, r. Svo.
Branch, Johu. Ready Reckoner, 1S04, Svo. The
British Museum, or elegant Repository of Natural History,
1S03, '04, 4 vols. 12mo; in conjunction with W. Holloway.
Branch, or Brauche, Thomas, Principia Legis
et ^Eijuitatis; being an Alphabetical Collection of above
20,000 maxims, principles, or rules, definitions, and re-
markable sayings, in Law and Equity, by T. B., 1753,
12mo; 2d edit, enlarged, ISIO, 12mo; 5th edit, with addi-
tions, and the Latin maxims and notes translated, by J.
Richardson, Lon., 1824, 12mo. American edit., from the
4th English edit., by W. W. Hening. with additions, Rich-
mond, 1824, Svo. Mr. Warren points out errors in Rich-
ardson's edit.
*■ As a manual, this little book contains more law, aud more use-
ful matter, than any one book of the same size which can be put
into the hands of the student."
" It is more extensive than Noy's Maxims, and draws so copiously
from the Common Law lleports, andwritersof the age of Elizabeth,
and since that time, that it may be regarded as the accumulated
spirit and wisdom of the great body of the English Law."
See Preston on Abstracts, 214 j 2 Kent, 554 j Warren's
Law Studies, 802.
Brancker, or Branker, Thomas, 1636-1676. Doc-
trine of the Sphere, in Latin. Oxf., 1663. Introduc. to
Algebra; trans, from the High-Dutch^ Lon., 1663. A Trans.
from Rhonius.
2i3
Brand, Adam. Journal of the Embassy from Mua-
.-:;vy to Ciiina over Land; trans, from the High-Dutch,
Lon.. 1698, Svo.
Brand, Sir Alexander. A Specimen of Bishop
Burnet's Candour and Integrity, Lon., 1715. Svo.
Brand, Charles, Treat, on Assurances, <tc., 1775, Svo.
Brand, 31iss Hanua. Plays aud Poems, Lon.,
179S, .Svo.
Brand, John. Description of Orkney, Zetland, Pight-
land, Firth, and Caithness. Edin.. 1701. 12mo ; and 1703, Svo.
" A curious and interesting account." — LowMifiS.
Brand was commissioned to visit Orkney, <fec. by the
General Assembly.
Brand, John, 1743-1806, Secretary to the Society of
Anti([uaries ; educated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Curate
ofCramlintonChapel, Newcastle, 1774; Rectorof St. Mary-
at-Hill, London, 17S4. On HIicitLove; written among the
ruins of Godstow Nunnery, 1775, 4to. Observations on
Popular Antirjuities. including the whole of Mr. Bourue's
Antiquitates Vulgares, with Addenda to each Chapter of
that work, as also Appendix containing such Notices on
the Subject as have been omitted by the Author, Newc,
1777, Svo. A new edit, greatly enlarged, by Sir Henry
Ellis, [Principal Librarian of the British Museum,] 2 vols.
4to, 1813; with further additions, 1843. 3 vols. 12mo; repub.
in Mr. H. G. Bohu's Antiquarian Library in 1849 — one of
his many invaluable series of good books.
" AVhatever of importance has occurred to the Editor in augmen-
tation of the work since the publication of the last edition, has been
added to the pre&ce. and another copious Index supplied." — /Ve/'.
Of this excellent work it has been said that
''Any one who will read on each respective day, the chapter which
belongs to it. will, when he has got through the volume, haveabet^
ter notion of what English History is. than he will get from almost
any other work professedly named a ' Uistory.' " See an article in
Lon. Quar. Review, xi. 259.
History and Antiquities of the Town and County of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Lon,, 1789, 4to, 2 vols. Con. to
Archa:;ol. viii., 1788, and to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1797.
Brand was a noted collector of curious books, and pos-
sessed a noble library, which was sold in 1807; see Dib-
din"s Bibliomania. 452—4. The Bibliomaniac should secure
a copy of this catalogue, with the prices marked.
Brand, John, d. ISOS, an English divine, educated at
Caius College, Cambridge, pub. two Sermons, 1794, and
1800, and several political treatises, &c., 1772-1807. His
essay entitled Conscience, pub. 1772, 4to, was written for
the Seatonian Prize, but was unsuccessful.
Brand, Bobert. Reducing Ruptures, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Brand, T. J. Select Diss, from Amagmitates Aca-
demicte; a sup. to Stillingfleet's Tracts, &c., 1781-82, 2
vols. Svo.
Brand, Thomas, Surgeon. Profess, works, 1778-88.
Brand, Thomas. A Letter to W. Wiltshire, Lon.,
181 1, 8vo. on the Corn Laws.
Brande, A. E. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1791-1800.
Brandc, William. Chem. treatises, 1806-09.
Brande, William Thomas, b. 1780, an eminent
Chemist and Lecturer, Professor of Chemistry in the Royal
Institution, long the assistant of Sir Humphry Davy. Cat.
of Geological Specimens, Svo. Diet, of Materia Medica
and Pharmacy, 1S29. Svo. Outlinesof Geology, 1S39, p. Svo.
Table of Chemical Equivalents, &c., 1843, Svo. Tables of
Specific Gravities and Equivalents, 1828, Svo. Manual of
Chemistry, 2 vols., 6th ed. 1848, Svo. A Manual of Phaj-
macy, Svo.
■* Mr. Brande's extensive experience as a pharmaceutist is very
ably embodied in this work. It should be in the possession of
every practitioner and pharmacupolist." — Lon. Medical Jiepusitt/ry.
A Dictionary of Seienee, Literature, aud Art, assisted by
Joseph Cauvin, and other gentlemen of eminence in their
respective departments; 1S42, Svo, 2ded., 1852, pp. 1423.
" An admirable work, supplying what all scientific and literary
mi>n must have long felt to be a desideratum in our literature,
lie who has no encyclopjedia will tind it an excellent substitute
for one; and he who has will find it a valuable supplement." —
ion. Ecf'Ctic Ucritw-
'* Nearly all branches of science and art and human inquiry ar*
embraced in these compact aud laborious pages." — Lon. Monthly
Chrmiide.
Lectures on Organic Chemistry, ed. by Dr. Scofifern, 1854,
12mo.
Brander, Gustavus, 1720-1787, a merchant and an-
tiquary, con. some articles to Phil. Trans., 1754. See
Archteol., iv., 1776. He presented to the Brit. Museum his
valuable collection of fossils, an account of which was
pub. at his expense, with Latin descriptions by Dr. Solan-
dcr: Fossilia Hantoniensia. &c.. 1776, 4to,
Brandish, Joseph. Vsq of Caustic Alkali, Lon., 1811.
Brandling, H. C. Views in the North of France,
Lon., 1848, fob, £5 3«., coloured, £5 5s.
BRA
BRA
Brandon, Isaac. Fragments after Steme,lS0S,12mo.
Kai?: Opera. ISDS, Svo.
Brandon, John. Everlasting Fire no Fancy, Lon„
167S, -Itu. A Pructical Discourse. IfiOO.
Brandon, Raphael and Arthur, architects. Analy-
sis of Gotliie Arehitecture, 184^8, 2 vols. imp. 4to. Open
Timber Roofs of the Middle Ages, 184<t, r. 4to.
•■ Almost every br.inch of Kcclesiastical Ari'hitocture has been
ably mvestiLTatod, with, perhaps, the sinjjle. but important, excep-
tion of the rootinfc of our churches. ... It is with a view of sup-
plyiug thi.s information that this work has been undertaken."
Parish Churches, being Perspective Views of English
Ecclesiastical Structures, new ed., 1849, r. 8vo.
'■ From the judii.ious selection which has been made, it bids fair
to be a very useful publication to the Ai-chitect and Parish Viiestf
— English lii-vittu.
Brandon, Richard, the wretch who beheaded Charles
T. ITis Confession, 1049. His Last Will and Testament,
1640. 4to. Both these tracts are in the British Museum.
Brandon, Samuel. Tragi-comoedi of the vertuous
Octavia, Lon., 1598, 12mo.
*'Notwithstandintr thehii^h opinion he, and perhaps some of his
partial friends. mi;^ht entertain of it, it is now entirely forgotten."
— Biog. Or-nnot.
Unkind critic !
Brandreth, Joseph, M.D. Med. treatises, Edin.,
ITry-lT'Jl.
Bransby, James H. Theolog. treatises, Ac, 1806-14.
BransIey,John. The Use of the Globes, Lon. ,1791, Svo.
Brant, J. I*is. at Bampton Lecture, 1812. Svo.
Brant, Joseph, d. 1807, aged 65, a celebrated Mo-
hawk chief, contemplated writing a history of the Six Na-
tions of wliieh lie was the head. He pub. The Book of
Common Pniyer, and The Gospel according to St. Mark,
in the Mohawk and English languages, Lon., 1787, Svo.
The Gospel according to St. John in Mohawk, ascribed to
him in the Cambridge Catalogue, was the work of the
chief, John Norton j it is sine anno, but was jjrinted at
London in 1807, or ISOS, by the Brit, and For. Bible So-
ciety, in an edit, of 2000 copies. See Allen's Amer. Biog.
Diet.; Mass. Hist. Coll. x. 154.
Branwhitc, 1745-1794, wrote some poems.
Brasbridge, Joseph. Fruits of Experience, Lon.,
1S24, Svo.
'' Ilere is a gentleman lives to the ripe ajie of eighty, and yet
must twaddle ■ in boards' before he dies. Example, villanous ex-
ample!"— Bhicl nviof/'.s- Aftif}.
Brasbridge, Thomas, M.B., b. 1537, educated at
Magdalen College. Oxf. Poore Man's Jewell, that is to
say, a Treatise of the Pestilence, &c., Lon., 157S, Svo.
Quaestiones in Officia M. Ciceronis, Oxon.,1615, Svo. In-
terpretation of Alidi;is the Prophet. 1574, Svo.
Brasier, Richard. Last Will and Confession of the
Christian Faith, made in the 4 Yearc of the Raigne of
King Edward the 6, Lon.; by John Day, Svo.
Brasse, John, d. 1833, educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge. Greek Gradus, Lon., 1827, Svo. He edited
four plays of Sophocles, with English notes.
Brasse, Samuel. Ship of Arms, Lon., 1653, 12mo.
Braithwait, Braithwaite, Brathwaite, or
Braithwayte, Richard, 1588-1673. a native of War-
cop, Westmorehind, was entered of Oriel College, Oxford,
at the age of 16.
" He avoided as much as he could the rou?h paths of lojric and
philosophy, and traced those smooth ones of poetry and lloman
history, in which at length he did excel." — Athcn. Oxon.
He subsequently removed to Cambridge,
" Where he spent some time fjr the sake of dead and living au-
thors."
He settled down into an office in the militia, and a sub-
stantial county magistrate. An excellent example to poets,
who are not always of the most sedate kind. The Golden
Fleece, Lon., 1611, Svo. Poet's Willow: or the Passion-
ate Shepheard, 1614, Svo. The Prodigal's Tcares. 1614, Svo.
" An excellent tract, written in good style, and abounding with
sound morality."
Schuller's Medley, 1614, 4to. Survey of History, 1638,
4to. Strappado for the Diuell, 1615, 12mo. Solemne
Joviall Disputation, 1617, and The Smoaking Age, 1617,
Svo. Mr. Bindley consi<lered this one of the scarcest books
in England. The plates by Marshall are his earliest pro-
ductions. The Good Wife : or a rare one amongst Women,
1618, Svo; 1619, Svo.
" Taking this volume altogether, I think it one of the most
curious as well as one of the scarcest books of the period to which
it belongs." — l>r. BlL'<s's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
A New Spring shadowed in sundry Pithie Poems, 1619,
4to, Essaies upon the Five Senses, 1620, 12mo; 2d edit.,
1635, 12mo. Shepheard's Tales, 1621. Svo. Nature's
Embassie, 1621, Svo. Times Cvrtaine Drawne, or the
Anatomic of Vanitie, 1621, Svo. English Gentleman,
1630, 4to; 2dedit., 1633, 4to; 3d edit., 1641, fnl. English
Gentlewomen, 1631, 4to. Whimzics, 1631, 12mo. Mer-
curius Britannicus, 2d edit., 1641, 4to. A Political Piece
on the Ship Money Que^^tiou. Barnabee's Journall, (and
Bessie Bell, both in Latin and English verse) by Corym-
baeus. [Lon., 164S-50.] Drunken Bamaby's four Journeys
to the North of England, in Latin and English verse,
2d edit, Lon., 1716, Svo. Baruabai Itinerarium, or Barna-
bee's Journal, with a Life of the Author, <tc., by Joseph
Haslewood, Lon., 1S20, 12mo, 2 vols., 125 copies printed.
Mr. Haslewood had a good claim to the editorial honour
of this work, as he traced it to its author.
'■ Haslewood hit the right nail upon the head when he found
out the real author of Barnaby, in Kichard Brathwalt; from the
unvarying designation of 'On the Errata.' at the end of IJrath-
wait's pieces, which is observable in that of his Drunken Barnar
by's Tour, . , . The late Mr. Heber used to shout aloud. ' Stirk to
that. Haslewood. and your feme is fixed.' . . . His edition of Bar-
naby's Tour exhibited the rare spectacle of an accurate I^tin (as
well as English) text, by an individual who did not know the da-
tive singular from the dative plural of hio, hrec, hoc!" — DibdirCs
Bibli'imain'ii.
For other jdeces of Braithwait's, see Lowndes's Bibliog,
Manual; considt Athen. Oxon. ; Censura Literaria: Biog.
Dramat. ; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry ; Ellis's Specimens.
'* Brathwait's merits are undoubtedly very considerable. Some
of his pieces are capable of affording instruction and delight. He
was a most e.-itraordinary man in poi>try and in prose." — Dibdin.
Anthony Wood does not give so favourable an opinion:
" He wrote and published several works in English, consisting
of prose and poetry, biirhly commended in the a^'e wherein \'V,h-
lished. but since sli'^hted and despised as frivolous matters. ;:iid
only to be taken into the hands of novices.'' — Athen. Oxon.
Dr. Bliss makes a large addition to Anthony's list of
Braithwait's pieces.
Brallnvaite,Thomas. Delivery of Rabbits,1726.8vo.
Brattle, Thomas, 1657-1713. a merchant of Boston,
Massachusetts. Eclijises of the Sun and Moon, observed
in New England, Phil. Trans., 1704. Lunar Eclipse, New
England, in 1707. He wrote a letter giving an account
of the Witchcraft Delusion in 1692, which is preserved in
the Miiss. Hist. Collection.
Brattle, William, d. 1717. aged 54, a native of Bos-
ton, Mass.. brother of the preceding, Minister of Cam-
bridge, Mass., pub. a System of Logic, — Compendium Lo-
gical, itc. It waa used at Harvard College. An edit, was
pub. in 1758.
Brawerii, Henry. Voyage to the Kingdom of Chili
in America. See ChurchiU's Voy.. 503, 1704.
Bray, Mrs. Anna Eliza, daughter of John Kempe,
Esq., a native of Devonshire, has gained great reputation by
a number of popular works. Traditions, Legends, Super-
stitions, and Sketches of Devonshire, on the Borders of the
Tamar and the Tavy; in a Series of Letters from Mrs.
Bray to Robert Soutliey, Esq., 1S38, 3 vols. p. Svo,
'■ The plan of this work was sutrgested by Mr. Southey, and the
writer has laboured with no small diligence. These volumes con-
tain much that is curious in antiijuarianism. pleasant in descrip-
tion, fascinating in tradition, and kind-hearted in anecdotes of
evci-y-d.\v characters. We are indebted to Mrs. Bray for many
pleasant hours from her clever works." — Lon. Athenreuvi.
Fitz of Fitz-Ford; a Legend of Devon, 3 vols. p. Svo.
" These volumes are indeed an addition to the hv^h literary cha-
racter of the foir and popular writer." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
The Talba; or. Moor of Portugal, 3 vols. p. Svo. Trials
of the Heart, 3 vols. p. Svo. Life of Thomas Stothard,
R.A., with Personal Reminiscences. Hlustrated by en-
gravings from his chief works, printed in a novel style of
art, 1S56, 4to. For the production of this work, Mrs. B.,
as the daughter-in-law of Stothard, possessed peculiar
advantages.
" A more beautiful volume than this, is not often issued. The
'numerous illustrations' have been chosen with a sedulous respect
for the reputation of the graceful artist whose life was in his
works; and they have been rendered with most delicate care, there
being something in the nature of Stothard's genius which lent
itself, with more than ordinary adaptability, to this form of pre-
sentment."— Lon. Alhe^ifFum.
Courtenay of Walreddon, 3 vols. p. Svo. De Foix, 3 vols,
p. Svo. Henry de Pomeroy, 3 vols. p. Svo. Letters during
a Tour throu'gh Normandy, 1818, 4to. Mountains and
Lakes of Switzerland, 3 vols. p. Svo. The Protestant,
3 vols. p. Svo, Trelawney of Trelawne, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Trials of Domestic Life, 3 vols. p. Svo. Warleigh, or the
Fatal Oath, 3 vols. p. Svo. White Hoods, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Collective Edition, 1845, '46, 10 vols.
"To describe in detail Mi-s. Bray's works, or criticise minutely
their merits, would be superfluous. So many literary notic?s have
appeared in testimony of their value, and these the public have so
fully corroborated by their patronage, that little remains but to
concur with previous praises of this favourite authoress's talents,
acqiiireniont-i. and genius.*' — Lon. Tinus. See also Lon. Gent. Mag.
I Bray^ Chas* Education of the Feelings; 2d ed..
BRA
Lon., 18 19, p. Svo. The Pbilusopby of Necessity ; or, The
Law of Cuaseciuences as Applicable to Mental, Moral, and
Social Science, 1811, 2 vols. Svo.
'■ Tlie topics in the volume before us [the second] have a current
interest, and are handled with grace iu the view and eloquence in
the composition." — Lmi. Sjie':tator.
Outlines of Social Systems and Communities, 1844, 12mo.
Bray, E. A, Poems, Lon., 17»'J, 12mo. Idyles. 180(1,
12mo. Funeral Ode on Lord Nelson, 1806, 4to. Sermons,
selected, Lon., 1818, Svo. Discourses selected from tracts
and treatises, 1821, Svo.
Bray,Roger. SelectioraApopbthegmata.ic..]631,8vo.
Bray, Thomas, D.D., l(i5e-17:)(l, a native of Martin,
Shropshire ; educated at Hart Hall, O.xford ; Rector of
Sheldon, 1(390. Iu 1C99 he was sent by the Bishop of Lon-
don to America as Ecclesiastical Commissary for Maryland
and Virginia. He crossed the Atlantic several times, and
was eminently useful iu his lalxjurs. In 1706 he accepted
the living of St. Botoljjb, Aldgate. We notice some of his
publications : Bibliotheca Paroehijilis ; or, A Scheme of
such Theological and other Heads as seem requisite to be
used or occasionally consulted by the llevereud Clergy,
together with a Catalogue of Books which may be profit-
ably read on each of those points, &c., Lon., 1707, Svo.
Martyrology, or Papal Usurpation, 1712, fol. : intended
as a supplement to Fox's Book of Martyrs. Primordia
Bibliothecaria, 1726. Directorium Missionarium, 1726.
He reprinted the Ecclesiastes of Erasmus, and pub. a
trans, of Perrin's Hist, of the Old Waldenses and Albi-
genses, several sermons, &c.
" It is tu Dr. Bray's exertions that that venerable and most ex-
tensively useful association — The Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel — owes its origin."
In 1746 appeared Publick Spirit, illustrated in the Life
and Designs of the Rev. Tbo. Bray. D.D., Svo; again, by
Rev. H. J. Todd, 1808, Svo; and in 1S4S was pub. Report
for the Year 1847 of the Institution established by the late
Rev. Dr. Bray and his Assocbites for Founding Clerical
Libraries and Supporting Negro Schools, pp. 40, 12mo.
For an account of bis labours, see Publick Spirit, <tc., or
Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Bray, Thomas, D.D. Sermons, 1761, '6.3.
Bray, William. The Lord's Supper, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Bray, William, 1736-1832. Sketch of a Tour in
Derbyshire and Yorkshire, ,tc., Lon., 1788 : anon. His-
tory and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, compiled
from the materials of the late Rev. Owen Menning, 1S04,
'09, '14, fol. Memoirs of J. Evelyn, Esq., ISIS, 2 vols. 4to.
Con. to Archajol., 17S2, '94. Account of Henry Smith,
Esq.. and his Extensive Charities, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Bray, Capt. William. Apjical to the Commons,
1678. Svo.
Braybrooke, Lord, d. 1S58. History of Audley
End, Essex, r. 4to. The Diary and Correspondence of
Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., 2 vols. r. 4to; 3d edit., 184S,
5 vols. p. Svo; 4th edit,, including all the late important
MS. additions and upwards of 2UV additional Notes and
Letters, Index, Ac., 1854, 4 vols. r. Svo.
'■ The new matter is exti-emely curious, and occasionally far
more characteristic and entertaining than the old." — Lnn. Athen.
Brayley, Edward Wedlake, F.S.A., 1773-1854,
a laborious and accurate topographer, b. in London.
While an apprentice he Ijecame acquainted with Mr. John
liritton, and edited, in conjunction with him, The Beauties
of England and Wales, 1801-23, 25 vols. Svo; Plans of
Cities and Principal Towns, 1810; Tower of London,
1830, <tc. He edited, with Notes, Picturesque Tour
through Yorkshire and Derbyshire, by Ed. Dayes, 1S05;
2d ed., 1825; Works of Robert Bloomlield, 1806; Cowper,
ISIO; Defoe's Journal of the Plague- Year, 1835. The fol-
lowing are a portion of his works. 1. Descriptions of
Places represented in Middimau's Views and Antiquities
of Great Britain. 1813, 4to. 2. Popular Pastimes, 1S16.
3. Delineations, Historical and Topographical, of the Isle
of Thanet and Cinque Ports. 1817. 4. History and Anti-
quities of the Abbey Church of St. Pet<;r, Westminster,
1818-23. 5. The Ambulator, 1819; 12tb ed. 6. Views in
Islington and PentonviUe, by A. Pugin. 1819. 7. History
and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Exeter, 1826-
27. 8. Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the Theatres
of London, 1827. 9. Loudoniana; or. Reminiscences of
the British Metropolis, 1829, 4 vols. 10. Devonshire
Illustrated, 1829. 11. Antiquities of the Priory of Christ
Church, Hants, &c., 1834. 12. Gi-aphic and Historical
Illustl-ator, 1834. 13. Illustrations of her Majesty's Palace
at Brighton, by J. Nash, 1828. 11. Topographical His-
tory of Surrey. 1841-48. 5 vols. r. Svo, and 4to.
Brayley, Edward William, F.R.S.. son of the
preceding, from 1S22 to '45 was one of the editors of
2i0
BRE
! Annals of Philosophy, Zoological Journal, and Philo-
1 sopbical Magazine, to each of which be contributed many
oi-iginal papers. The Utility of the Knowledge of Nature
Considered with Reference to the General Education of
Youth, 1831. Edit. Parke's Chemical Catechism, 18.34;
Origines Biblica; of Dr. Chas. Bcke, F.S.A. ; The Correla-
tion of Physical Forces, by W. R. Grove, F.ll.S., Ac.
Brayman, James O., b. 1815, in New I'ork, a
political writer. Editor of Daring Deeds of American
Heroes; Thrilling Adventures by Sea and by Laud.
Brayne. 1. Astrology. 2. The Trinity, Lon., 1653,
'54, 4to.
Breake, Thomas. Land-Survey ing, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Breakspear, Nicholas. ,See Adrian IV.
Brctk, Robert. Sermons, 1728.
Breck, Robert, Sermons, 1775, '82.
Breckenridge, John, D.D., 1797-1841, b. at Cabell'a
Dale. Ky. ; grad. Princeton Coll., ISIS; an eminent Pres-
byterian divine. 1. Controversy with Bishop Hughes
on Catholicism, Phil.a., 1836, Svo. 2. Sermons. Ac.
Breckenridge, Robert Jefferson, D.D., LL.D.,
b. ISOO, at Cabell's Dale, Ky., brother of the preceding,
and son of the Hon. John Breckenridge, author of the
celebrated Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, Attorney-
General under Jeflt'rson, Ac. Dr. B. was educated for the
bar, and was a member of the Legislature of Kentucky in
1825-26-27-28; was licensed as a minister in 1832. and
became pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in Balti-
more. In 1845 he became President of Jefferson College,
Penna. ; pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Lex-
ington, Ky., 1847-53. In the last-named year he was
elected Prof, of Theology in Centre Coll., Danville, Ky.
1. Papism in the XIX. Century in the U.S., 1S41. 2.
Travels in France, Germany, Ac, Phila., 1839, 12mo.
3. Memoranda of Foreign Travel, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 4.
Internal Evblence of Christianity, 1852. 6. The Know-
ledge of God Objectively Considered. N.Y., 1S57, Svo.
The second part of this work — entitled The Knowledge of
God Subjectively Considered — will be published in 1S59.
Besides editing several periodicals, Dr. B. has pub. nu-
merous articles and pamphlets on Slavery, Temperance,
Popery, Universalism, Presbyterianism, Education, Agri-
culture, Politics, Ac. — which if collected would entitle
him to the rank of one of the most voluminous writers
of America.
Brecknock, T. Political Tracts, Ac, 1752, '59, '60.
Bredwell, S. Razing the Foundations of Brownism,
Lon.. IJSS, 4to.
Bree, John, d. 1786. Sketch of this Kingdom during
the Fourteenth Century, vol. i., Lon., 1791, 4to.
'■This is rather a collection of materials for a work on the sub-
ject than a treatise ; but, as tliose materials are chiefly t.aken from
the best sources, though unskilfully arranged, the volume is of
considerable value. The editor, however, possessed uo other qua-
lifiration for his task than ze.al." — Lowndes.
Bree, Martin. Medical treatise, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Bree, Robert, M.D. Med. treatises. Lon., 1797-1811.
Bree, S. C. Designs for Italian Villa Architecture,
fol. Glossary of Civil Engineering, Svo. Pictorial Hlus-
trations of New Zealand, iS4S, fol. ; 67 engravings by H.
Melville.
" Those beautiful engravings are tlie most accurate and interest-
ing that we possess of New Zealand."
Railway Practice, 1837, Ac, 4 vols. 4to.
^ " Tlie whole of the information necessary for this treatise is de-
rived fi-om the only legitimate source, — tlie'direct conimunications
of the engineers to the sevenil works who have kindly sanctioned
and promoted the undertaking."
Bree, W. T. The Plain Reader's Help to the Study
of the H(dy Scriptures, Coventry, 1821-22, 4to: extracted
chiefly from D'Oyly and Maut. " See Home's Introduction.
Breen, H. II. Diamond Rock, and other Poems,
1849, 12mo. St. Lucia: Historical, Statistical, and De-
scriptive, 1844, Svo. Modern English Literature: its
Blemishes and Defects, 1858. Svo.
Breere, Richard. On the Messiah. Lon.. 1789. Svo.
Breintnall, Joseph. Con. to Phil. Trans.: Meteors,
174(1. Bite of a Rattlesnake, 1746.
Breirly, Roger. Bundle of Soul-Convincing Truths,
Edin.. 1 117(1.
Brekell, John, d. about 1775. Unitarian minister of
Liverpool. An Essay on the Hebrew Tongue, to show
that the Helirew Bible might be originally read by Vowel
Letters, without the Vowel Points, Lon., 1758, Svo.
" There are some sensible observations in this small work, which
is written on the .\nti-Masoretic system." — Oeme.
Sermons, 1744-69. Twenty Discourses, 1765. Svo.
" More distinguidhed for their learning than their theology."—
Orme.
BRE
Breme, Thomas. Mirrourof Frienclsbip. Lnn., 1584.
Bremucr, Itobert. Musical treatises, 1760-77.
Breniiier, Kobcrt. Excursions iu the luterior of
Russia, 2 vols. p. tivo, 18."i9.
■■ A very spirited and f^mphicTiarrative."' — Kobert Chambers.
Excursions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweiien, 2 vols.
8to, 1S40.
*■ Mr. Bremner is a lively scene-painter, and there is great fresh-
ness and viirour about .all his descriptions." — Ibi'I.
Brenaii, John, M.D. Puerperal Fever. 1S14, Sto.
Brenan, Jiistiu. Composition and Punctuation, 1S39,
18mo. Old and New Logic contrasted, 6th ed.. 184S, ISmo.
"This treatise is particularly interesting to pai-ents, as it also
takes a plain view of classic literature, and thus they will be en-
abled to jud;;e li>r themselves on two very important points — the
reasonin;.: and the morality that their sons learn in Universities."
Foreigner's English Conjugator, 12rao. Utility of
Latin discussed, ISmo. The National Debt.
Brenan, M. J. Ecclesiastical History of Ireland to
1829, 1848, 8vo. Includes dates of Religious Founda-
tions, of Priories. Convents, Synods, College.", ic.
Brende, John. The Historie of Quintus Curtius,
Lon., 1.553, 4to ; translated from the Latin. Two Sermons
by S. Ciprian ; trans, into English, Svo.
Brent, Charles. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1702-28.
Brent, Charles. Compendious .'\strimomer,Lon.. 1741.
Brent, J. 1. Battle Cross, Lon., .3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Ellis
Forrester, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Sea-Wolf, 12mo.
Brent, Sir IVathaniel, lo73~1652, a native of Little
Woolford. Warwickshire, entered of Merton College, Ox-
ford, and took B.A. 1593. He married a niece of Dr.
George Abbott. Archbishop of Canterbury. He trans.
Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, from
the Itali.an into English and Latin, Lon., 1619, fol., 1640,
1676. Father Paul's (and Fulgentio's) History has been
highly commended.
" This work is a beautiful monument of the History of Religion,
the most curious part of the History of the Human Mind, for
those who can soar above the prejudices of sects and parties." —
Gibbon.
"This work is ju.stly entitled to be placed among the most ad-
mired historical compositions." — Dr. Robertson.
Brent also trans, from the Latin, Mr. Francis Mason's
Vindication of the Church of England, concerning the
Consecration and Ordination of the Bishops, Ac, 1625. fol.
" It is a complete refutation of the old story of the Nag's Head
ordinatinn."'
Brent, William. Nature of Eternity, Lon., 1655.
Breutou, Kdvvard Pelham, 1774-1839, Captain
R.N., founder of the Children's Friend Society, and a
promoter of other philanthropic enterprises. 1. The Naval
History of Great Britain from the Year 1783 to 1822, Lon.,
1823, 5 vols. Svo ; new ed., 1836, 2 vols. Svo. 2. A Re-
futation of the Statement of Admiral Sir George Mon-
tague, 1823, Svo. 3. Life of Earl St. Vincent, G.C.B.,
1838, 2 vols. Svo.
"To Captaiu Brenton we feel infinite gratitude for this valuable
addition to onr literature; and when we also call to mind the
merit of his Naval History, we may justly pronounce him to have
taken his place among the foremost of those authors who have
done honour to their own p-itriotism, to their profession, and to
their native land." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
The Bible and Spade. See Memoir of, by his Brother,
Sir J. Brenton, 1842, Svo.
Brenton, Sir Jahleel, K.C.B., 1770-1844, Rear-
Admiral R.N., brother of the above. 1. The Hope of
the Navy, Lon., 1S39, 12mo. 2. Appeal to the British
Nation : 2d ed., 1841, ISmo. 3. Memoir of Captain
E. P. Brenton, 1842, Svo. 4. Coast i'isheries, 1843, Svo.
See Memoir and Services of, by Henry Raikes, 1845,
Svo.
Brerely, John, the assumed name of James Ander-
ton or Anderson. Sec Anderton, James.
Brereton, C. D. Administration of Poor-Laws in
Agricult. Districts, Lon., Svo. A Catechism of the Seven
Sacrameuts, 1834, Svo.
Brereton, Henry. Newes of the Present Miseries
of Rushia, occasioned by the late Warre in that Countrey,
Lon., 1614, 4to : Gordonston sale, 379, £1 19».
Brereton, Jane, 1685-1740, a native of Flintshire,
daughter of a gentleman of learning named Hughes, con-
tributed, under the name of Melissa, to the Gentleman's
Magazine. A volume of her Poems, with Letters, and an
account of her Life, was pub. Lon., 1744, Svo.
'• Mrs. Brereton was amiable in every relation of life, and dis-
pLayed some talents for versification, if not for poetry." See Cen-
Bura Literaria. vii. "ill.
Brereton, John. Relation of the Discovery of the
North Part of Virginia. Lon., 1702, 4to. A copy is in
the Brit. Museum. Bindley, pt. 1, 1293. Jadis, £5 15«. 6ii.
Brereton, Owen Salisbury, 1715-1798, a learned
BRE
English lawyer, educated at Westminster, and at Trinity
College, Cambridge. He contributed to the Archa!ologia,
Observations on Peter CoUinson's account of the Round
Towers in Ireland ; Tour through South Wales ; Extracts
from the Household-Book of Henry VIII.: Account of a
painted Window in Brereton Church, Cheshire ; A Non-
descript Coin. See .ArchEeol. iii., 1774; also Phil. Trans.,
1781 : and Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Brereton, Thomas. Sermon on Prov. i. 10, Svo,
Brereton, William. His Case, Lon., 1779.
Brerewood, Edward, 1565-1615, a mathematician
and antiquary, admitted of Brasenose College. 1581,
chosen Professor of Astronomy in Gresham College. 1596.
De Ponderibus et Pretiis veterum Nummorum, &c., Lon.,
1614, 4to; repub. by W.alton, in the Preliminary Disserta-
tions to the Polyglot. Enquiries touching the diversities
of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of
the World, Lon., 1614, '22, '35, 4to; 1674, Svo; trans, into
Latin, German, and French.
" The people of America are the progeny of the Tartars." See
p. 96.
" There is a good deal of learning iu this small work, partly of
a biblical nature, and partly relating to Church History." — Orme.
" A very learned work." — Dr. 1'arr.
See Oldys's Brit. Liljrarian, p. 159-162. Brerewood
wrote Treatises on the Sabbath, 1630, '32, and some other
works. See Athen. Oxon.
Brerewood, Thomas. Galfred and Juletta, or the
Road of Nature; a Talc. Lon., 1772, 3 vols. 4to.
Brest, Vincent. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1732, &c.
Bretland, Joseph, 1742-IS19, a Unitarian minister
of Exeter, England. Sermons, Exeter, 2 vols. Svo, 1820.
" His sermons are marked by a chaste and correct style of com-
position."— Lfiii. Miinthly R'positnry.
Breton, Beeton, or Brittou, John, d. 1275,
Bishop of Ilereford, a native of England, was noted for
his knowledge of the Civil and Common Law. He made
a digest of the Laws of England, which Leland tells us
was of great use in its day.
Breton, John. Sermon, 1714, Svo.
Breton, Nicholas, 1555-1624, supposed to have been
of a Staffordshire family, pub. a number of poetical pieces,
a list of which will be found in Ritson's Bibl. Poetica,
and in Lowndes's Brit. Bibliographer. Sir Egerton
Brydges printed in 1815, r. 4to, an edition of Breton's
Melancholike Humours, with Critical Preface; of this re-
pub., privately printed, only 100 copies were struck off.
" Nicholas Breton, a writer of pastorals, sonnets, canzons, and
madri'.-.als. in which kind of writing he keeps company with several
other contemporarv amiulators of Spenser and Sir t'hilip Sidney,
in a pulilist collection of selected odes of the chief pastoral sou-
netteers. Ac. of that aire." — Phillips's Tlimtriim Pwtarutn.
"The ballad of Phillida and Corydon, reprinted by Percy, is a
delicious little poem ; and if we are to judge from this specimen,
his poetical powers, for surely he must have had the powers of a
poet, were distuv-'uished by a" simplicity at once easy and elegant."
— Sir Egerton Brydoes.
Breton, William. Militia Discipline, Lon., 1717, Svo.
Breton, William Henry, Lieutenant R.N. Ex-
cursions in New South Wales, 1830-33, Lon., Svo. Scan-
dinavian Sketches ; or, A Tour in Norway, Svo.
"This will bo found to be by far the most useful guide to the
tourist in Norw.ay. This second edition contains much valuable
information to the Scandinavian angler."
Brett, Arthur. The Restauration, or a Poem on the
Return of Charles II. to his Kingdom. Lon., 1660, 4to.
Threnodin, (ir the Death of the Duke of Gloticester, Oxon.,
1660, 4to. Patientia Victrix ; or the Book of Job in Lyrie
Verse, Lon., 1661, Svo.
"This person, who was a great pretender to poetry by his
folly grew so pi^ir. being as I conceive, somewhat ci-azed. th.at he
desired the almes of gentlemen, especially of Oxford scholars, whom
he accidentally met with iu London." — Athen. Orrm.
Brett, Capt. John, R.N. Trans, of Discourses and
Essays from Feyjoo, 1777-80.
Brett, Joseph. Sermons, 1704, '15.
Brett, Richard, 1561-1637, educated at Hart Hall,
Oxford, was one of the translators of the authorized ver-
sion of the Holy Scriptures. Vitse Sanctorum Evangelist.
Joh.annis et Luca;, Ac, Oxon., 1597, Svo. Agatharchidis
et Memnonis Historicorum, Ac, Oxon., 1597, 16mo. Ico-
num Sacrarum deeas, &c., Oxon., 1603, 4to.
" He was a person famous in his time for learning as well as piety,
skill'd and vers'd to a criticism in the Latin, Greek, Hebrew. Chal-
d.%ic. and /Kthiopic tongues. He was a most vigilant pastor, a dili-
gent preacher of God's word, a Iiber.al benefactor to the poor, a
faithful friend, and a good neighhour."— Allien. Oion.
Brett, Samuel, " Captain of a ship of Malta, against
the Turks, in assistance to the Venetians," published a most
interesting pamphlet, Lon., 1655, 4to. giving an account
of his Observations in his Travels beyond the Se.as. includ-
ing A Narrative of the Proceedings of a great Council of
BRE
Jews, assembled in the Plain of Ageda. in Hungary, about
thirty leagues distant from Buda, to examine the Scriptures
concerning Christ, on the Twelfth of October, 1650. By
Samuel Brett, there present.
" At the Plato aboye named, thfire assembled about three hun-
dred Rabbles, called together from several Parts of the World to
examioe the Scriptures concerning Christ. . . . The King of Hun-
gary did allow that some Assistants should be scut from Kome;
and their Coming thither did prove a great unhapniness to this
hopeful Council."
On the seventh dayof the Council, they called in to their
aid six of the Roman Clergy. " sent by the Pope to assist
in this Council." The instructions of the priests were no.
at all relished by the Jews, for
'■ As soon as the .'Issembly had heard these Thinjs from them,
they were generally and exceedingly troubled theieat.and fell into
high Clamours against them and their Religion, crving nut, No
Christ, no Woman-God, no Intercession of Saints, no AV-.i^hipping
of Images, no Praying to the Virgin Mary. &c. Trulv tli.ii Ti.in-
ble hereat was so great, that it troubled me to see their'impaticuce:
they rent their Cloaths and cast Dust upon their Heads, and cried
out, Bhisphomy. Blasphemy ! and. upon this, the Council broke
np. ... I do believe there were many Jews there, that would have
been persuaded to own the Lord Jesus; and this I .assure you for
a Trutii. and it is for the Honour of our Religion, and the Encou-
ragement of our Divines, one eminent Kabbi there did deliver his
Opini.iu. in Conference with me, th.at he at first feared that those
which were sent from Rome would cause an unhappy Period to
their Council; and professed to me. that he much desired the Pre-
sence of some FrnUstitnt Divines, and espR<'i.ally of our English Di-
vines, of whom he had a better Opinion than of any other Divines
in the World."
This very curious pamphlet was reprinted in vol. i. of
The llarlcian Jlisecllany, and vol. i.of The Phcenix, p. 54:5.
Brett, Thomas, 1667-1743, a native of Bettishanger,
Kent, admitted of Queen's College, Cambridge, 1684, and
Corpus Christi, 1689; Rector of Bettishanger. 1703. and
of Rackinge,1705; received into communion with the Non-
jurors, 1715, He was a voluminous writer of controversial
pieces. His Dissertation on the Principal Liturgies used
by the Christian Church in the celebration of the Holy
Eucharist, pub. 1720, has been highly commended.
".\o man can seriouslv peruse the wiit'ings of Brett relative to
i^j Liturgies of the Primitive Churches, without bein" impressed
with the importance of the subject."— W..We)i on Tiuclilion.
His Collection of the different Liturgies, with a Disser-
tation on them, also appeared in 1720. In 1743 was inib.
his Letter to a Clergyman, showing whv our English Bibles
differ so much from the Scptuagint, though both are trans-
lated from the Hebrew Original, Svo. The 2d edit, en-
larged, and pub. from the author's MS. after his death,
appeared in 1760, Svo. It was repub. in Bishop Watson's
Collection of Theolog. Tracts, vol. iii.
"It is an excellent dissertation, and cannot fiiil of liein» very
usefu to .such as have not leisure or npportunitv to consult Dr.
Hody s boolt. De Bibliorum Textihus."— Bishop Watson.
Brett, W. H. Indian Missions in Guiana, 8vo.
•■ An interesting volume, well calculated for helping forward the
thur.h s missions, liy inducing persons to consider the subject,
who would put aside mere offlcial statements and raper.s."— £iioi,s/i
C/turclimtin. ^
■■The volume before us will tell the nature of the wmk which is
being ,|ui..tlv done by the missionaries of the Society for the Pi-o-
I>^^''''' .' ""■ Gospel in Foreign Vnrts."— English iteriem.
Brettiuirhara, Matthew. Rem.arks on several Parts
of Europe. L.m.. 1723. '25. '28, '38. 4 vols. fol.
Brettingham, Matthew. Plans, Elevations, and
bections of Holkhara in Norfolk, the Seat of the Earl of
Leicester, Lon., 1761, atlas fol. ; enlarged, 1773. See Wal-
pole s Works, vol. iii., 179S.
Breues, John. The Fortune Hunlers
The Fortunate Lovers, 1754,
1755, Svo.
Breval, Dr. Sermons. 1670. fol.
<■'?/'"?',"'' •'"''" I*'"'a"t de, a captain under the Duke
of Marlborough, a son of Dr. Breval, Prebendary of West-
minster, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Re-
marks on Several Parts of Europe, Lon.. 172:!-3S, 4 vols,
in 2, fol. The Confederates ; a F.nrce, 1717. Svo : this hits
a side blow at Three Hours after Marriage, the unfortunate
bantling of Pope, Arbuthuot, and Gay; though bearing
the name of the latter only.
" On which account Mr. Pope, who never could forgive the least
attempt made against his reigning the unrivalled sovereign in the
throne of wit. has introauced this gentleman [Breral] into that
poetic.ll pillory. Tht Duriciad, among the various authors whom he
ha.s supposed devotees of the goddess of Dulness. '— ftos. Oranwl
I lie History of the House of Nassau, Ac, 1734, Svo
Other works.
Brevard, Joseph. An Alphabetical Digest of the
Public Statute Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1814, 3 vols, Svo
>„V;i ""•"?".""" "t *,'■'* '^'"<'>^' ™s ""' sanctioned nor adopted
by the legislature of the State, but the convenient arr.angement
w,bl ''■■""'"K »nd accuracy of the compiler, rendered it an ac-
ceptable and authoritative work."-if„rr!n's Legal Bibl.
1753, Svo.
The Chain of Fate,
BRE
Reports of .Judicial Decisions in S. Carolina 1793-1815
Cbarleston, 1840, 3 vols. Svo.
Brevint, Dauiel, 1616-1695, a native of Jersey, Fel-
low of Jesus College, Oxford, 1038; Prebendary of Dur-
ham, 1661 ; Dean of Lincoln, 1681. Missale Romanum,
or the depth and mystery of the Roman Mass laid open and
explained, for the use of both reformed and unreformed
Christians, Oxf., 1672, Svo. The Christian Sacrament and
Sacrifice, Ac, Oxf., 1673, Svo. The above two works were
pub. in one vol., Oxf., 1847, Svo. Dr. AVaterlaud had ex-
pressed his desire to see a reprint:
" Dr. Brevint was well read in the Eucharistie Sacrifice; no man
understood it better ; which may appear from two tracts of his upon
the subject, small ones both, but extremely fine. He stood upon
the ancient ground, looked upon evangelical duties as the true
oblation and sacrifice, resolved the sacrifice of the Eucharist, ac-
tively considered, solely into them ; and he explained the practical
uses of that doctrine in so clear, so lively, and so affecting a way,
tilat we shall scarce meet with any thing on the subject tliat can
justly be thought to exceed it, or even come up to it. I could
heartily join my wishes with a late learned writer that that excel-
lent little book, entitled The Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice,
might be reprinted for the honour of God, and the benefit of the
Church."
Saul and Samuel at Endor, or the new waies of Salvation
and Service which usually tempt men to Rome and detain
them there, truely represented and refuted, Oxf., 1674,
1688. Svo. Ecclcsioe Primitivae, Ac. Other works.
Brewer, Anthony, a dramatic writer temp. James I.
Country Girl, C, 1047, 4to. Love-sick King, Trag. Hist.,
1655, 4to. The two preceding are the pieces which " wri-
ters in gencr.al" ascribe to Brewer. Winstanley and Phil-
lips make him the writer of six plays. Kirknian, Jacob,
and Gildou allow him but two. Laugbaine denies Winstan-
ley's assertion that Lingua, or the Comljat of the Tongue
and the Five Senses for Snperiority,1607, 4to,was written by
Brewer. This piece has become famous from the story that
'■ At the first performance of this play at Trinity College. Cam-
bridge, Oliver Cromwell personated the part of Tactus, from which
he tu-st imbibed his ambitious sentiments."
See an interesting discussion of this subject in the Biog.
Dramat. : "Brewer, Anthony."
Brewer, E. C, D.D., of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,
Head Master of King's College School in union with King's
College, London. A Guide to Roman History. Allison's
Guide to English History, entirely rewritten, and greatly
improved. Poetical Chronology of Inventions, Discoveries,
Ac, 12mo. Arithmetical Tables. School Recitations, 12mo.
System of Book-Keeping, 12ino. Key to, by Double En-
try, 12mo. Guide to Scientific Knowledge of Things Fami-
liar, 18mo, Lon., 1850. Keyto, 18mo. This work has un-
doubtedly proved one of the most useful of the age.
" As a book of reference its worth is unparalleled ; as a book of
instruction it is no less valuable; and as a volume taken up to
pass a pleasant h.alf hour or so, it will be found exceedingly at-
tr.active and interesting." — Magazine of Scieno^,
"Asa School Book it is invaluable, for it contains an amount of
information never before compressed in any volume of the same
dimensions." — English Juurnal of Eilucation.
" We cordially commend it to all who liave to do with the sub-
ject of education." — Chrisli<in Wi/in-^^.
■' It is a most charming family b.mk. and cannot fail to interest
all classes of \^<^"p]<:"~Eva7tgrHcal Magazine.
'■ It will be iiniwis.sjlile to dip info this charming little volume,
open it at whatever jiart you may. without deliirht. Every page
is calculated to rivet the attention, and to show how interesting is
the study of useful knowledge."— iai<c<i(i<mni I'imes.
This work attained such great popularity as soon as pub-
lished, th.at 25,000 copies were i>rinted in about two years.
Mr. Robert E. Peterson, of Philadelphia, made it the
basis of bis Familiar Science, or the Scientific Explana-
tion of Common Things, making such additions, altera-
tions, Ac as to greatly improve the value of the work.
This volume (pub. by Childs A Peterson, Philadelphia)
has had a very extensive sale, and may be warmly com-
mended as a desirable-manual for the school, the library,
or the parlour table. 80,000 sold in four years.
"I consider the book a valuable contribution to our mwins of
instrutdion in schools, and hope to see it generally intio.tueed and
u.sed by teachers. Fathers of families also, wht are iww fre.iucutly
puzzled by tile questions of the young philosophers of their liouse-
holds. will do well to procure a cojiy. and avoid s.iving so often
I do not know.' "-Prof. Wm. II. Allex, President of Oirard
CUlfge.
"Familiar Science embodies a vast amount of facts and princi-
ples relating to the several branches of natuml science, judiciou.sly
selected and arranged, and very useful to awaken inquiry in the
young, and form a taste for such studies."— Rev. Lvman C'olemas.
" I consider the volume n yalu.able accession to Christian scien-
tific literature, and worthy a place in every family and in every
academy or school.*' — Rev." Da. DcRBlx.
"It contains a vast amount of useful inforniation on subjects
which force themselves upon the attention both of old and young,
and it is likely to cultivate, in those wbn read it. habits of inquiry
and reflection." — Ri. Rev. Alonzo Potter.
BRE
BRE
Brewer, George, b. 1766. pub. a nunibcr of works,
nmnng wluL-h are. The History of Tom We^ttm, Lon., 1791,
2 vols., 12nio. Maxims of Gallautry, 17U:i, Svo. The
Mutto, 1795, 2 vols. 12mo. The Rigbts of the Poor Con-
sidered, 1800, Svo. Debtor and Creditor. 18116, Svo. How
to be Happy, 1814, 12mo. Hours of Leisure, 1S06, 12mo.
Brewer, Henry. See Brawern.
Brewer, J, N., a miscellaneous writer. A Winter's
Tale, 1799, 4 vols. 12mo. An old Family Leu'cnd. 1811, 4
vols. 12mo. History of Oxfordshire, 181.S. Intrfiduc. to
the Beauties of England and Wales, 1814, Svo. The Pic-
ture of England, Lon., 1820, 12mo. Account of Palaces
and Public Buildings, 1810, 4to. Histrionic Tt)pography,
Lon.. 1818. Svo. Beauties of Ireland, Lon., 1826. 2 vols. Svo.
BreAVer, J. S., Professor of English Literature in
King's College, London. 1. Elementary Atlas of History
and Geography, Lon., 1855, r. Svo. 2. Monumonta Fran-
ciscana, &i\, 1858: see Lon. Athen., July ol, 1858, 129.
See Thorkhikk. Hf.rbkrt.
Brewer, James, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700:
Beds of Oyster Shells near Reading, Berkshire.
Brewer, Rev. Josiah, b. 1796, Mass., grad. Yale
Coll. For ten years a missionary to the Levant. Resi-
dence at Constantinople in 1827, Svo. Patmos, and the
Seven Churches of Asia, 1851.
BreAver, Thomas. The Weeping Lady ; or London
like Ninivie in Sackcloth, Lon., 1625, 4to. Bib. Anglo-
Poet., £3 13s. Q(l. A Knot of Fooles, Lon., 1653, 4to. In
Brit. Museum, Roxburghe, 3380, £3.
Brewertou, T. Le Gay. Chemical Con. to Nic.
Jour.. 1810.
Brewster, Celestia A., born 1812 in Mass. Bloss*s
Ancient History and Heroines of the Crusades, &c.
Brew^ster, Sir David, LL.D. and K.H., one of the
most distinguished of modern experimental philosophers,
was born at Jedburgh, Scotland, Dec. 11, 1781. He stu-
died at the University of Edinburgh, where he became
intimate with Dugald Stewart, Playfair, and Robison.
In 1808 he undertook the editorship of the Edinburgh En-
cyclopedia, which was not completed until 1830. He re-
ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University
of Aberdeen in 1807, and in ISOB was elected a Fellow of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1813 he pub. his
Treatise on New Philosophical Instruments. In con-
junction with Professor Jameson, in 1819, he established
the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal; this work contains
contributions by Herschel, Humboldt. Blumenbach, Prout,
and other eminent philosophers. Subsc'iuently Sir David
commenced the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, of which
16 vols, appeared. In 1S15 the Institute of France elected
Dr. Brewster a corresponding member, and be has been
similarly honoured by the Royal Academie.s of Russia,
Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark. In 1831 he received the
decoration of the Hanoverian Guelphie Order, and in 1832
he was knighted by William IV. A higher honour was in
reserve for him: by the death of Berzelius, a vacancy oc-
curred in the number (never mure than eight) of the Fo-
reign Associate Members of the National Institute of
France ; — Sir David was elected.
" The eight assocLate members of the Ins-titute are generally re-
garded as the eight greatest cCUbres in thw learned world." — La
Sir David's first wife was a daughter of the celebrated
Macpherson, the editor — or author, as opinions vary — of
Ossian.
"Sir David Brewster's numerous writings take in a wide
range of science. His most valuable scientific papers are
published in the 'Transactions' of the Royal Societies of
London and of Edinburgh. Among the more important
are: 1. On a new Analysis of Solar light, indicating three
primary colours, forming coincident spectra of equal length.
2. On Circular Polarization. 3. On the Etfeets of Com-
pression and Dilatation in altering the polarizing structure
of the doubly refracting crystals; and others, in which
the law is determined which connects the refractive index
of a crystal with its angle of polarization, and the dis-
covery of rings in biaxial crystals is made known. Other
papers are to be found in the Edinburgh Rev., the Reports
of the British Association, the Lib. of Useful Knowledge,
the Phil. Mag., (of which Sir David is one of the editors,)
and the North Brit. Rev. : they embrace physical geography,
astronomy, photography, meteorology, Ac. Of separate
works maybe mentioned: 4. A Treatise on the Kaleido-
scope, 1819, Svo. 5. Notes to Robison's System of Me-
chanical Philosophy. 1822. 4 vols. Svo. 6. Euler's Letters;
with a Life of Euler, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Notes and
Introductory Chapter to Legendre's Elements of Geometrj-,
1824. 8. Treatise on Optics, 1831. Svo. American edition,
by Prof. A. D. Bache, Phila., 1833, 12mo. 9. Letters on
Natural Magic. 1831, 12mo. 10. Life of Sir Isaac New-
ton, 1831, i2nio. 11. The Martyrs of Science: or. The
Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, anrl Kepler. 1S41, 12mo,
(2d cd., Svo. 1840.) ' 12. Treatise on the Microscope, p. Svo.
13. More Worlds than One: the Creed of the Philosopher,
and the Hope of the Christian, 1854, Svo. 14. Memoirs of
the Life. Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton,
1 S^yf), 2 vols. 8vo." See Knight's Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog.. vol. i.
"Pr. Rrewster's book [Life of Newton] is a most scientific und
infi'n-sttn;^ one; there is instruction for the ignorant, learning for
the learneil. science for the profound, and anecdotps personal and
scientific for the idler and the gossip. All th.-it can be now known
of the illustrious Newton is told with considerable clearness and
beauty: his discoveries are discussed, bi^ iiivi'uti'ns described, the
character of the most eminent of Ins comiianinns di-awn. and we
follow him to the observatory, the study, the Royal Society, and
the private chamber. It is a work which affords miich instruction
and pleasure." — Lon. Atfientemn. (Review of 1st ed.)
The Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton. 18.'i5, 2 vols. Svo. has
not passed without censure. See Newton, Sir Isaac. We
should not omit to notice the valuable article on Mag-
netism in the 7th edit, of the Encyc. Brit.
The Lives of Galileo, Tycho Braht\ and Kepler, the
Martyrs of Science, have been commended. A late martyr
of science, in noticing one of Sir David's last works, paid
the following handsome tribute to the venerable author:
" The siile of a work is usually no bad test of the interest which
attaches to the subject of it: and we accept it as good in evidence,
that the question respecting the ■ plurality of worlds,' so ingeni-
ously discussed by Sir David Brewst-t .nid bis anonymous antafe'O-
nist." is one which successfully add r< ■;--.> il^ If to at least the ciuio-
sity of the reading portion of the cuniniunity, that Sir David's
More Worlds than One. though not yet six months before the
pulilic, is already in what is more than tantamount to its third
edition. The sale of the third thousand of bis separate Treatise
is, we are informed, fiist progressing; and his article on the same
subject in the North Biitish I'.eview, which formed the pregnant
nucleus of the work, is understood to have enjoyed at least an
equal circulation. There does certainly exist a wide-spread desn-e
to know, so far as can be known, the extent of Gods living, re-
sponsible creation. The planet which we inhabit is but one vessel
in the midst of a fleet sailing on through the vast ocean of space,
under convoy of the sun. Far on the distant horizon what seem
to be a great many other convoy ships appear, though such is their
remoteness, that even our best glasses enable us to know very little
regarding them. But in the vessels of the same group as ourselves,
we see evolutions similar to those which our own ship performs —
we see them maintain relations similar to our own to the great
guardian vessel in the midst — we see them re?:ulat«d by her in all
their movements, and that when nights fall dark, most of them
have their sets of lanthorns hoisted up to give them light; and
there is a desire among us to know somewhat respecting the crews
of these neighbour-vessels of ours, and whether — as we all seem
hound on a common voyage — the expedition, as it is evidently
under one and the same control, may not have a common purpose
or object to accomplish. 8uch is the natural, and surely not in-a-
tional, curiosity tbat has led in part to the extensive circulation of
the two recently published works which discuss the question on
its opposite f-ides ; though in perhaps equal part, however, their
popularity must he owing to the admii-able manner in which they
are written, and the high scientific acijuiivuients of their respective
authors. It is not every day that comV'atants such as Sir David
Brewster, and. .shall we say. Professor Whewell. meet in the arena.
There is a pleasing peculiarity in the writings of our great coun-
tryman, which our readers must have often remarked.
'■ We referred on a recent occasion to the remark of Sir James
Mackintosh, that 'the memorable instances of Cicero and Milton,
and still more those of Dryden and Burke, seem to show that there
is some natural tendency in the fire of cenius to burn more briirhtly
or to blaze more fiercely in the evening than in the morning of
human life.' We can. however, re^'ard none of these instances,
nor yet that ofDugald Stewart, which Sir James also adduces, as
equallv striking with the one furnished by the literary history of
Sir David. The poet who produced, while yet a boy, the Hymn
of the Nativity, did not leave himself much room for future im-
provement, in at least poetic feelicK and conception ; and in the
earlier writings of Dryden and Burke, we find no equivocal pro-
mise of what was afterwards to be accomplished in the Ode to St.
Cecilia's Day, and the Reflections on the French Revolution. In
the earlier compositions of Sir David, on the other hand— always
severe in style, and sternly scientific in form— there is conipara-
tivelv little indication of that rich flow of fancy and imagination,
and that fertility of happy illustration, which his later writings
exhiliit. As in 'the far west, his year of life enjoys an 'Indian
summer' greatly richer and more gorf:e<:)US in its scenery than any
of the seasons that have gone before. There is something inex-
pressibly pleasing in exhibitions of this kind. A vigorous and
still youthful mind lodged in a material framework which has
served its purposes during the ordinary term of life, and gives evi-
dence that, though age presses upon it but lightly, his touch is
there, is of itself an argument for the immortality of the better
part. Were soul and body to perish together, they would surely
exhibit traces of the same decay. Further, too. it is a singularly
agreeable sight, as illustrative of that happiest condition of ad-
vanced life, which the Psalmist could descrit'e as peculiarly the
gift of God to his own. In old age, when others failed and faded,
the riL'bfenns man was still to tiring forth fruit and blossom, as in
his fnsb ,iod Yi'.xnrous years. There was to be .sap and fatness in
his un>hrivr|l. li tnnik. and green leaves and bright flowers on all
his buuiihs.'— lUoH Miller: Edinburgh }\''itn€ss.
2-13
BRE
The Plurality of Worlds is now ascribed to Mr. J. S.
Smith, of Baliol Collejje, Oxford.
Brewster, Sir Francis. Trade and Navigation,1695.
Brewster, James. Lectures on our Lord's Sermon
on the Mount, Edin. and Lon., 1S09, Svo.
■' Alw-Hys cle.ir, generally judicious, .ind sometimes discriminat.
inir." — Ijftn. Christian Observ'T.
Brewster, John, educated at Lincoln College, Ox-
ford, d. 184,3. Theolog. and other works, 1792-1S18.
The Parochial History and Antiquities of Stockton-upon-
Tecs, 1796, 4to. Meditations of a Kecluse, ISOO, 12mo.
Meditations of the Ageii, 1810, Svo.
'■ The Meditations of Brewster are much admired." — Lowndes.
Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon., 1807, 2 vols.
Svo; 2d edit., Lon., 1831, 1 vol. Svo. These Lectures are
an imitation of Bishop Porteus's excellent Lectures on the
Gospel according to St. Matthew.
■■ Mr. Brewster is full of illustrations from the fcthers and di-
vines of various .ages ; and his own remarks are not trite, but
lively, as well as just." — British Critic.
Contemplations on the Last Discourses of our Blessed
Saviour with his Disciples, *tc., Lon., 1S22, Svo.
Brewster, Richard. Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 2i, 4to.
Brewster, Samuel. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1700,
'01. Svo.
Brewster, Samuel. Jus feeiale Anglicanum, or a
Treat, of the Law of Eng. rel. to "War and Rebellion, 1725.
Brewster, Samuel. Collectanea Ecclesiastica, Lon.,
1752, 4to. See in this work a treatise by Bishop Walton,
entitled A Treatise concerning the Payment of Tythes in
London.
Brewster,'\ViIliam. Theolog.Anecdotes, 3d ed.,1812.
Brian, Thomas. The P. Prophet, Lon., 1037, 4to.
Briaut, Alexander, 1,557-1581. entered at Hart Hall,
Oxford, 1557, executed for high treason at Tyburn, 1581,
wrote whilst in prison Litera; ad Reverendos Patres So-
cietatis Jesu in Anglia degentes, and some Letters to his
Friends and Afflicted Catholics. See Athen. Oxon.
Bribner, Francis. His Declaration, June 17. 16S8,
containing his reasons for renouncing the Roman Catholic,
and embr.acing the Protestant Religion ; fol.
Brice, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1766;
Astronomy and Natural History.
Brice, Andrew. Geograph. Diet., Exeter, 1760, 2 v.
fol. The Mobiad; a Poem, Oxf.. 1770, Svo.
Brice, J. Divinity of the Messiah, 1800, Svo.
Brice, John. Laws of the U. S. in force relative to
commercial sulijccts, Baltimore, 1831.
Brice, Thomas. A Compendious Register in Metre,
contoining the Names and pacient Suffryngs of the Mem-
bres of Jesus Christ, and the tormented and cruelly burned
within England, Ac, London, by John Kyngston, 1559,
sm. Svo.
Brice, Thomas. History, ic. of Exeter, Svo.
Brichan, David, D.D. Sermons, 1805, '015; 2 vols,
do. 1S0/-12, Svo.
''The elocution of the style is supported by a closeness, ma-
turity, and dignity of sentiment, that we have not often wit-
nessed."— EcUctic Beview.
" His style is strength, rather than elegance." — Mnnthty Revii:w.
" The general character of these Iiiscourses is a masculine vigour,
a thorough acquaintance with the different subjects discussed^ and
an earnest, though by no means an enthusiastic, zeal in endea-
vouring to impress the great truths of Christianity on the hearers."
—Brit. Crit.
Brickell, John, M.D. The Natural History of North
Carolina, with engravings, 1743, Svo; Dubl., 1723, '37,
'39, Svo, 1743, Svo. Cat. of American Trees and Shrubs,
which will endure the climate of England, Lon.. 1739, fol.
Brickini;ton, Stephen. See Birciii.vgtox.
Bricknell, W. S. Notices of the Oxford Tracts, Ac.
1S45, ic.
Bridall, John. See Bryball.
Bridecake, Ralph. Sermon, 1730, 4to.
Bridecake, T. Medical Treatise, 1SI17.
Bridferth, flourished 9S0, a British monk, and the
most eminent mathematician of his day, was a teacher of
the school at Ramsey.
'• Bridforth's Commentaries, on the two treati-ses of Bede, D
Xatura Kerum. and De Temporum liatione. are extremely valu
able for the light they throw on the method of teaching in the
Anglo-Saxon schools. They are probably nothing more than notes
on the lectures delivered in the school at Ramsey. Bede's Trea-
tises were still the text-books of the -^nglo-Saxon scholars."
Bridferth loft comments on the tracts De Indigitatione
and De Ratione Unciarum, published under the name of
Bede. Pits attributes to him De Principiis Mathematicis,
lib. i., and De Institutione Monachorum, lib. i. ; and Ma-
billon gives him credit for the MS. Life of Dunstan,
printed in the Acta Sanctorum, torn. iv. 1685. This opi-
nion is generally concurred in. Bridferth 's Commentariea
wiU be found in some editions of Bede's works; Colon.
Agrip., 1612, tom. i. ie. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.;
Pits's De Illustribus, Ac.
Bridil, E. P. Grammatical Treatises, Ac, 1799-1807.
Bridge, Bewick. Mathematical Lectures, 1810-11,
2 vols. Svo.
'• A valuable introduction to the science." — Low>'DE8.
Other mathematical treatises, lSll-21.
Bridge, Francis. Sermon, 1684.
Bridge, Josiah, d. 1801, aged 61, minister of East
Suilbury, M.assachusetts, pub. an Election Sermon, 17S9.
Bridge, Samuel. Treatises on the MiIitia,lS03-09.
Bridge, Thomas, d. 1715, aged 58. a minister of
Boston, Massachusetts, was a native of Hackney, Eng-
land. Sermons. 1705, '10, '13.
Bridge, William, 1600-1690, an eminent Puritan
divine, w.as educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge.
He preached for a time at Norwich, but being silenced
for Nonconformity, went to Rotterdam, where he took
charge of a congregation. In 1642 he returned to Eng-
land, became minister of Great Yarmouth, whence he was
ejected in 1662. He was also a member of the West-
minster -\ssembly. Archbishop Laud thus refers to him.
" In Norwich, one 5Ir. Bridge, rather than he would conform,
hath left his lecture, and two cures, and is gone into Holland.
On the margin of this pass.age, Charles I. wrote : ' Let him go ;
we are well rid of him !' '' — Lititd's Troubles and Trials.
Bridge pub. Sermons, 1 641, '68, '71, '73 ; a Reply to Dr.
Terne, 1643, 4to. Life of Jessy, 1671, Svo. His princip,al
works appeared in 1657, 2 vols. 4to. In 1845 his Works,
now first collected, were pub. in 5 vols. Svo ; containing
above 100 sermons. Among the most noted of his dis-
courses were nine sermons, entitled Seasonable Truths ia
Evil Times, 1668, Svo.
His sermons on Faith were highly recommended by the
Countess of Huntingdon. Bridge was very studious in
his habits.
" He possessed a library well furnished with the fathers, school-
men, and critics. He v as a very close student, rising everv' mcrn-
ing, both in winter and summer, at four o'clock, and continuing
in his library until eleven."
Bridgeman, G. .Admiral Duncan's Victory, 1797.
Bridgeman, Thomas. 1. Young Gardener's Assist-
ant, N.Y'., 1S47, Svo. 2. Florist's Guide. 3. Fruit-Culti-
vator's Manual. 4. Kitchen-Gardener's Instructor.
Bridgemau, William. Trans, from the Greek, 1804,
'07. Moral Philusoj^hy from Aristotle, Pythagoras, Ac.
Bridgeman. See Bridgman.
Bridgen, R. Antiq. of Sefton Church, 1822, fol., Ac.
Designs for Grecian and other Furniture. 1S38, 4to. In-
terior Decorations of Sefton Church, Lancashire, fol.
Sketches of West Indian Scenery, imp. 4to.
Bridgen, William. Assize Sermon, 1712, Svo.
Bridges, Charles, Vicar of Old Newton. Exposi-
tion of Psalm liyth, as illustrative of the character and
exercises of Christian Experience, Lon., 1S38, 12mo ; lyth
edit., 1849.
" An excellent manual of religion, plain, practical, and devo-
tional." — Lon. Eclectic Revieiv.
'■Its interpretations are unesceptionably ev.angelical ; its rea-
sonings are close and connected: and its appeals to the he^rt are
such as to approve themselves to the experience of every devout
believer in Christ." — Lon. Eeang-:lical Mag.
The Christian Ministry, with an Inquiry into the Causes
of its Inefficiency, and with an Especial Reference to the
Ministry of the E.stnblishment. Lon., 1829, 12mo.
" A truly valu.able and profitable book, and well deserving of a
place among the books of every young minister." — Bickersteth.
An Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, Lon., IS46,
2 vols. ]2mo; 2d edit., with additions, 1847; 3d edit.,
1850. The exposition of the first nine chapters has been
pub. separately, under the title of A Manual for the Y'oung.
'' The most lucid and satisfactory commentary on the Book of
Proverljs that we have met with: and though it is of a popular
cast, and quite within the scope of the general reader, it is a book
Hhich clergymen will find it to their advantage frequently and
diligently to consult."
Ess.ay on Family Prayer, 12mo. Sacramental Instruc-
tion. 12mo. Scriptural Studies. ISmo.
Bridges, George, d. 1677. The Memoirs of the
Duke of Rohan, trans, from the French, Lon., 1660, Svo.
See Censura Litcraria. vol. iv.
Bridges, James. Polit. State of Scotland, IS18, Svo.
Bridges, Jeremiah. Tlie Foot of the Horse, 1752.
Bridges, John, d. 1590. Trans, of Gualter's 175
Hoiuclyes, 1572.
Bridges, John, Bishop of Oxford, d. 161S. Supre-
macie of Christian Princes, Ac, 1573, 4to. Defence of
BRI
BRI
the Gouernment established in the Church of England,
Ac, 15S7, 4to. Quatuor Evangelia, 1604, 8vo.
" 11^ was eminent fur his theolofj;ifal writings, more especLiUy
as a defender nf the church against the Puritans.*' — Cetuura
Lit''ya}-ia, fol. ii.
Martin Marprelate (Penrv) does not seem to have placed
a hi;;^h value nn the hislmp's Defence nf the Church.
Brid?;es, John, b. :ibout lf)r>ti. d. 1724. an eminent
anliiiuarj* about 1719 began to make Collections towards ,
R Histurj of Northamptonshire. He collected enough ma-
terials to fill 30 fulio, 5 4to, and 5 small volumes. He died
before he was ready for the press, and the MSS. were
placed in the hands of Dr. Samuel Jebb, who pub. Parts
1. 2, and a portion of No. 3, 1737, &c. The work was
stopped at the press by want of means and other diffi-
culties, and it was not until 1701 that the History ap- j
peared, edited by the Rev. Peter Whalley, Oxford, 2 vols. I
ful. For an intere?ting account of this work, and the causes 1
of its slow progress to publication, see Nichols's Lit. Anec-
dotes, vol. ii.
*• Mr. Bridge's History of Xorthamptonsbire is a model to all
county historians; and it is heartily to be wished th:it some
native may be found, heir to his skill and public spirit, and meet
■with due enenuraL'ement to continue the labours of Mr. Bridires.
I have many materials for the purpose : which should not be with-
held from any one qualified for the task." — Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, ;
vol. ii. I
For lists of works on British Topography, see Nichols
and Sons' (sou aud grandson of the celebrated John Ni-
chols) current catalogues, and Henry G. Buhn's Guinea
Catalogue, 1S41.
Bridges, Sir JoUu. Legal Treatises. Reports,
Lon., 1051.
'- A very learned and ingenious author, whose Lejral Treatises
are less known than they ought to be." — 0:nsura Li(eraria.\o\Av.
Bridges, 3Iatthew. The testimony of profane An-
tiifuity to the account given by Moses of Paradise and the
Fall of Man, Lon., lS2o, 8vo. Roman Empire under Con-
stantine the Great, Lon., 1828, Svo; 7 copies on large
paper, Babbiconibe and other Poems, 12mo. Jerusalem
ReL'ained : .a Pueni, Svn,
Bridges, \oJili, Vulgar Arithmetique. 1653, 12mo,etc.
Bridges, Kalpli, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1700, '24,
*27. '3S, 4to.
Bridges, Robert, Professor of Chemistry in the
Phil. C'dlege of Pharmacy, &c. Fownes's Elementary
Chemistry. 3d Ainer., edit., from the last London edit.,
with additions, Phila., 1854, r. 12mo. See Fownes,
Georcb.
Bridges, Thomas. New Trans, of Homer's Iliad,
adapted to the capacity of honest English Roast Beef and
Pudding Eaters, 1TG4."2 vols. 12mo.
■' A work full of humour, but which often transgresses the
bounds of decency."' — Luwndes.
Dido; a Comic Opera, 1771, Svo. The Dutchman; a
Musical Entertainment, 1775, Svo. Adventures of a Bank
Note; a Xovl-I.
Bridges, Walter. A Catechism for Communicants,
Lon., 1615. 8vn.
Bridges, William. Sermons, 1643, '67.
Bridget, Mrs. 1. Mortimer Hall. 2. B. of Falcon-
berg. 1811. '15.
Bridgewater, Rev. Francis Henry Egerton.
eighth Earl of. 1756-1829, was educated at Eton, and
All Souls' College, O.\ford, where he tnok the degree of
M.A. in 1780. His father, the Bishop of Durham, ap-
pointed him a Prebendary of Durham in 1780. and in
1781 the Duke of Bridgewater presented him to the rectory
of Middle in Shropshire, and in 1797 to that of Whit-
church in the same county. In 1823 he succeeded his
brother in his titles. For many years before his death he
resided entirely at Paris. In 1796 he pub. in 4to an edit,
of the llippolytus of Euripides. He also edited A Frag-
ment of an Ode of iSappho from Longinus, and an Ode of
Siippho from Dionytius Halicarn., in Svo. In 1793 he
prepared for the Biographia Britannica a Life of Lord
Chancellor Egerton, (see vol. v.) 250 copies of this Me-
moir, considerably enlarged, were privately printed by
him in 1798. This enlarged memoir, and a life of the
Bishop of Durham, were intended by the publishers, at
the author's request, for the 6th vol. of the Biog, Brit,
His lordship pul). several other pieces : see Memoir in
Gent. Mag. He left his collections of MSS. and antiqui-
ties, and a sum of money, to the Brit. Museum. The earl
had been deeply impressed with the value of well-digested
argumentative treatises upon the subject of man's relations
to his Maker. He himself drew up a work upon the sub-
ject, which was privately printed at Paris, by Didot. By
his last Will and Testament, he bequeathed the sum of
eight thousand pounds sterling to be paid to the person or
persons who should be appointed by the President of the
Royal Society to prepare a work
"On the Power. Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested
in the Creation, illustrating such work by all rea.^onal.Ie argu-
ments; as. for instance, the variety and formation of God's rrea-
tures in the animal, vegetatile. and mineral kinfrdoms; the effect
of di;iestion, and thereby of conversion; the construction of the
hand of man, and an infinite variety of other arguments; as also
by discoveries, ancient and modern, in arts, sciences, and in the
whole extent of literature."'
One thousand copies were to be printed, and the profits
were to be paid to the nuthor or authors selected for this
important duty. The following gentlemen were honoured
by the appointment, it being determined to publish eight
separate essays :
1. The Rev. Thomas Chnlmer?, D.D., Professor of Di-
vinity in the University of Edinburgh, On the Power,
Wisdom, and Goodness of God as manifested in the Adap-
tation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual
Constitution of Man. {2 vols. 8vo ; 6th edit., 1S40.)
2. John Kidd, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medi-
cine in the University of Oxford, On the Adaptation of
External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man. (Svoj
5th edit., 1837.)
3. The Rev. William Whewell, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge, Astronomy and General Phy-
sics considered with reference to Natural Theology. (8vo ;
7th edit., 1839.)
4. Sir Charles Bell. K.G.H., F.R.S., L. & E., The Hand :
its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as evincing Design.
(Svo; 4th edit., 1837.)
5. Peter Mark Roget, M.D., Fellow and Secretary of
the Royal Society, On Animal and ^'egetable Physiology,
considered with reference to Natural Theology. {2 vols.
Svo; 3d edit., 1840.)
6. The Rev. William Bucklanrt, D.D., F.R.S., Cnnon of
Christ Church, and Professor of Geology in the University
of Oxford, On Geology and Mineralogy. {2 vols. Svo;
2d edit., 1837.)
7. The Rev. William Kirby, M.A.. F.R.S., On the His-
tory, Habits, and Instincts of Animals. (2 vols. Svo ; 2d
ediL, 18.^,5.)
8. William Prout, M.D., F.R.S., Chemistry, Meteorology,
and the Function of Digestion, considered with reference
to Natural Theology. (8vo ; 3d edit., 1845.)
In all, 12 volumes. The names of the above writers are
a sufficient guarantee of the value of their respective es-
says. Great fault has been found with the manner in
which the trust has been discharged :
"Such a bequest is without parallel in the history of our litera-
ture, but, unfortunately, the intention of the munificent noitle-
man has been al'solutely perverted. Instead of one distinct • woi-k
on Natural Theology, whith would have been translated into
every written language, and which would have formed a more
than Euroi>ean monument to the liberality and piety of our coun-
tryman,' ei;_^ht independent treatises have appeared, and to them
the favoured pulilisher has affixed such exorbitant prices as to
prevent the less wealthy classes of society from benefiting by his
lordship's generosity."
So argues an indignant objector. Perhaps much might
be said on the other side, but as we have no space for dis-
cussion, we will only refer the reader to the Edinburgh
Review, Lon. Quarterly Review, Westminster Review,
Eraser's Magazine, the Athena?um, &c. A new ed. of the
Bridgewater Treatises, thoroughly revised and improved,
has been pub. by Mr. Bnhn in his Scientific Library. The
go-calUd Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, a Fragment, by
Charles BaVibage, was pub. 1837.
Bridgewater, John, d. about IfiOO, who in hi? writ-
ings calls himself Aqua Pontanus, was entered of Hurt
Hall, Oxford, and there removed to Braseno-<e College.
He was chosen Rector of Lincoln College in ]6*',3, Arch-
deacon of Rochester, 1670. Becoming favouralde to Ro-
manism, he resigned his preferments, and sought a home
in the college for English Roman Catholics at Douay. He
died in Germanv. Concertatio Eeclesia; Catholictc in
Anglia. First pub. by Fenn and Gibbons at Triers, 1583,
Svo'^: enlarged by Bridgewater, 1594, 4to. Confutatio
virulentiie Disputationis Tbeologiae, &c.. Triers. 1589, 4to.
An Account of the Six Articles usually proposed to the
Missionaries that suffered in England.
llridg^man. Report Bedford Level, 1724, fol.
Bridi^mau, Sir John, Reports from the 12th to
the 19th of James I., Lon., 1659, fol. Originally taken
in French, from which they were trans, into English, and
pub. after the author's death.
"The memorv of his great iHarninu and profoundness in the
kuo\\ ledge of the laws of Knglaud still remains."
T5RI
" The r.eports embrace so shoi-t a period, that they are not often
referred to, nor do wo understand that they are highly esteemed."
See Brid^'man's Leiral Bib.; Marvin's Legal Bib.
Bridgmau, Sir Orlando, Lord Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, anil successor to the Earl of Clarendon as
Keeper of the Great Seal. Conveyances, being Select
Precedents of Deeds and Instruments concerning the most
consider.ible Estate in England, Lon., 1662, 'S2, '99,1710;
5tli ed., 1725, in 2 parts, fol.
■■ His draughts are still admired and resorted toby all who deem
a propiiety of composition and copiousness of diclinu not incom-
patible with technical accuracy. Unfortunately. Ihey are given to
the public in a very slovenly manner; and the great inferiority of
some to the rest affords also too much reason to fear that there
has been much interpolation." See Williams's Study of the Law.
Judgment of the Common Pleas in Benyon v. Evelyn,
T. T. 14. ch.ap. ii., Ac, extracted from Bridgman's Report
by F. Ilargrave. Lon., 1811, 8vo. Reports of Juilgments
by Sir Orlando Bridgmau, Ac, edit, from the Ilargrave
MSS. by S. Bannister, Lon., 182a, 8vo. Sir 0. B. left
9 vols, of MS. Reports; the above vol. is an extract from
four vols, of his notes of cases, ic. Sir Orlando enjoyed
a great reputation as a lawyer.
'• Very eminent in the knowledge of the law." — Loan Clarendon.
" He should not be mentioned but with reverence and with ve-
neration for his learning and integrity."— Lord Nottikoh.oi.
'• A very studious gentleman, who had an account brought to
him of all that passed in the courts." — Lord Holt.
" In the arguments of Chief Justice Bridgmau, methinks I find
that eviaceratio camrc, as the Roman orator calls it. an exact ana-
tomy of the case, and dextrous piercing into the very bowels of it:
and'it was no small commendation of an eminent professor of our
law, and one that .afterwards was advanced to the highest office a
person of that profession can be capiible— Mul lie alimi/s argued
likt a lawyer and a gmtlevian."—Pref. to Carter's Rejmls.
" Mr. Fonblanque [Treat, on Equity] speaks of Bridgmau s Re-
ports, of which Mr. Hargrave had lent him the MS., as far exceed-
ing Carter's in copiousness, depth, and correctness."
See Williams's Study of Law ; Bridgman's Leg. Bib. ;
Barton's Convey. ; Marvin's Leg. Bib. ; Wallace's Reporters.
Bridgmau', Richard Whallcy. Thesaurus Juri-
dicus. Lon., 1799-1800; 2 vols. 8vo, 1806.
" Had this work been completed, it would have formed one of
the most useful books in the lawyer's library."— Prtsdm an Ab-
stracts.
Reflections on the Study of the La-w, 1804, 8vo. A
Short View of Legal Bibliogr.iphy, Lon., 1807, 8vo.
•■ Mr. Bridgman's Treatise, though incomplete, is the best Eng-
lish work existing of the period embraced by his Legal Bibliography.
The author's study must have led him to a familiar acquaintance
with the lleports. from which we might have expected_.i more en-
during and satisfactory monument of research and criticism upon
them than this volume affords. This deficiency, so far as regards
the older reporters, has i-ecently been adequately supplied by the
very judicious and able criticism and notes of Mr. .1. W. Wallace in
a w'ork entitled. The Reporters chronologically arranged, &c."—
Mai-vin's L'ljal Bibl.
The .second edition of Wallace's Reporters was pub. in
Philadeliihia, 1845. The third edition, almost entirely
rewritten, much extended and enlarged, was pub. Phila-
delphia, 1855, Svo.
Bridgmau, Thomas, b. 1795, at Northampton, Mas-
sachusetts. 1. Inscriptions on the Monuments and Tomb-
stones in the Burying Ground of Ki>rthampton, Ac. 2. Me-
morials of the Dead in Boston, with the Inscriptions on the
Mommients and Tombstones in Copp's Hill Burying
Ground. 3. Memorials of the Dead in Boston, with In-
scriptions on the Monuments and Tombstones in King's
Chapel Burying Ground.
Bridgwater, Benjamin. Keligio Bibliopola; ; in
imitation of Dr. Browne's Religio Medici, with a supple-
mcB." ^0 it, Lon., 1691, Svo.
"H; "as of Trinity College in Cambiidge. and M. A. His ge-
nius was very rich, and ran much upon Poetry, in which he ex-
celled. He was, in part. Author of ' Religio Bibliopokc' But.
alas! in the issue, "Wine and Love were the ruin of this ingenious
Gentleman." — Dunt>m's Life and Errors, 177.
The other " author in part" of Religio Bibliopolie is
supposed to have been no less a person than that odd
member of the profession, John —not " glorious John" —
but gossiping John, himself. But the .authorship of this
work has been attributed to another person.
Briganti,Joseph E. India Raw Silk. Lon., 1 779, Svo.
Briggs, Charles F., b. at Nantucket, resides in
New York, has gained some celebrity as the nutlior of
Harry Franco, a Tale of the Great Panic, 2 vols. 1837.
The Haunted Merchant, 1843. Working a Passage, or
Life in a Liner, 1844. The Trippings of Tom Pepper, an
Autobiography. In connection with Mr. John Bisco he
"^ ' ' al, and for some time he
BRl
"Mr. Briggs has evinced both wit and humour of a high order
in his Harry Franco, and other novels aud sketches." — K. W.
Gp-I^swold.
Briggs, Henry, 1556-1630, an eminent mathemati-
cian, a native of Warley Wood, near Halifax, Yorkshire,
was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which
he liecame Fellow in 1588 ; examiner and lecturer in Ma-
thematics in 1592; first Professor of Geometry in Gresham
College. London. 1596 ; first Savilian Professor of Geome-
try, 1619. At Oxford he settled himself at Merton Col-
lege, and between his lectures aud studies passed a most
studious life. His interest in Lord Napier's discovery of
logarithms was evinced by his conference with his lordship
respecting an alteration of the scale, and his valuable
publications on the subject. Logarithmorum Chilias
prima. Lon., 1617, Svo. Arithmetica Logarithmica. Ac,
Lon.. 1624. tol. ; enlarged, printed under the care of Adrian
Vlacq, in French, Gonda, 1628, fol. In English, Lon.,
1631, foL This great work contains the logarithms ot
30.000 natural numbers, to 14 places of figures beside the
index ! Briggs died before this work was perfected as he
designed ; but his friend Henry Gcllibrand brought it to
completion in 1633, under the title of Trigonometi'ia
Britannica, Ac, Gonda, fol. Briggs pub. some other
mathematical works, and A Treatise of the North-West
Passage to the South Sea, Lon., 1052, 4to. ; reprinted in
Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. iii. 852. Among the sons of
English mathematical science, it is doubtful if there have
arisen a greater than Henry Briggs. The illustrious Isaac
Barrow, the learned Dr. Smith, the profound Gataker and
Oughtred concur in celebrating the praise? of the "mirror
of the age for his excellent skill in Geometry."
"Virdoctrina clarus. stupor mathematicorum; moribus ac vita
integerrimuf .Ac."— ii'cyi'sfcr of Mftim OiUege.
See Athen. Oxon. ; Biog. Brit. ; Life in Smith's Vitae
Erudit. ; Ward's Gresham Professors ; Martin's Lives of
the Philosophers ; Lilly's Life and Times.
Briggs, J. Sermons, 1775, '77, Svo.
Briggs, James, Surgeon. Practical Obs. on Diseases
of the Eye. Lon., 18116, Svo. An Index to the Anatomical,
Medical, Chirurgical, and Physiological Papers contained
in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from
the commencement of that work, to the end of the year
1817; chronologically and alphabetically arranged, Lon.,
1818, 4to. By means of this valuable index a vast amount
of scientific lore is rendered easily accessible.
Briggs, John, Lt.-Col. in the Madras Army. 1. The
History of the Rise of the Mahommed.an Power in India
till the Y'ear A.D. 1612; trans, from the Persian of Ma-
homed Kasim Ferishta, Lon., 1829, 4 vols. Svo. 2. Laud-
Tax in India, 1830, 8vo. 3. Hussein-Khan's Mahom-
medan Power in India ; revised by J. B. : vol. i., 1832,
Svo. 4. State of the Cotton-Trade in India, 1839, Svo.
Briggs, .loseph. Theolog. treatises, 1675, Ac.
Briggs, Richard. English Art of Cookery, 17SS, Svo.
Briggs, Robert, M.D. Con. to Nic Joiir., 1804.
Briggs, William, M.D., b. about 1650, d. 1704, a
native of Norwich, England, was educated at Bene't Col-
lege, Cambridge. He was Physician-in-Ordinary to Wil-
liam III., and celebrated for his skill in diseases of the eye.
Ophthalmographia, Camb., 1676, Svo; 2d edit., 1687. In
16S5, at the request of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Isaac Newton,
he pub. a Latin vei'sion of his Theory of Vision: to this
there is prefixed a recommendatory epistle by Newton.
The papers ujion the New Theory of Vision will be found
in Phil. Trans., 16S1, 4to. He contributed some other
papers to Phil. Trans., 16S4.
Brigham, Amariah, M.D., 1798-1849, b. in Berk-
shire CO., JIass.. Supt. of the Retreat for the Insane at
Hartfiird, 1840-42, and became Supt. of the N.Y^ Slate
Lunatic Asylum at Utica, 1843. 1. Asiatic Cholera, 1S32.
2. Influence of Religion on Health, 1835, 12mo. 3. Dis-
eases of the Brain, 1S36, 12mo. 4. Remarks on the In-
fluence of Mental Cultivation and Mcnt.al Excitement upon
Health. 1S45. 12mo. 5. T'tica .Asvlum Souvenir, 1849, ISmo.
Brigham, Rev. Charles H., born Boston, 1S20.
Letters of Foreign Travel. 2 vols. Life of the Rev. Simeon
D.iggett. Numerous Pamphlets, Sermons, Ac.
Brigham, Nicholas, d. 156'.), educated at HtirtHall,
Oxford. Memoirs, by way of Diary, in 12 Books. Mis-
eeltiiucous Poems.
Bright, George, D.D. Theolog. treatises, Lon.,
1678-1699.
Bright, Henry. The Praxis in English and Latin
originated The Broadway Journal,
had the editorial charge of Putnam's Monthly Magazine, Exercises, Oxf.. 17S3.
New York. Mr. B. has also some pretensions to artistic Bright, J. H., 1804-1837, a n.itive of Salem, Massa-
taste. Some of his opinions upon pictures will be found chusetts, contributed under the signature of " Viator," a
ID the Broadway Journal. \ number of poetical pieces to the periodicals of the day.
246
BRI
BRI
Bright, Richard, M.D. Travels from Vienna
tbronp;h Lower lluiiijary. 181S, 4to.
" A^^ri.ulturi' anil st;itist"i.-.s form the principal topics of this vo-
lume, whirh II mill li.L\ f I.i-.-ii equally valuable and much more iu-
terestinti if the mattL-r had bi-en more compressed." — Steven.soN.
Brischt, Timothy, M.D., d. 1616, Rector of Methley
in Yorkshire. De Dyserasia Corporis Humani, Lon., ISSli,
12mo. Hygiene, Ac., Lon., 15S3, Svo. Motlic-iua Thera-
peutiea, Lon.. 158S, Svo. Auiniailversiones in G. A. Seri-
honii, Cantab., 1J84, Svo. A Treatise of Melancholie,
Lon., I086, ]2uio. It has been suppo.sed liy some that
Burton took the hint of his Anatomy of Melancholy from
this trealise. Charaetery ; an Arte of short, swift, anJ
secrete AVriling by character, Lon., 1588, 21ino.
" In this Yclv int^enious work Bri'.^ht cLiims the invention of
the art. It is dedicated to Q. Elizaheth."
Abridgement of the Book of Acts and Monuments, Lon.,
1589, 4to.
Brishtland, John. Gramm.at. works, Ac. ,1711-14, etc.
Bris'itlpy, ('has., Printer. Method of Casting Stereo-
type, as jiractised liy the author, Bungay, Suflfolk, 1S09, Svo.
Brightly, Frederick Charles, b. 1812, in Eng-
land; emigrated to U..S. 1831; member Pbila. Bar, 1839.
Treatise on Law of Costs, Svo. Nisi Prius Keports, 1851,
Svo. Equitable Jurisdiction of the Courts of Penna., 1855,
Svo. Edited Purdon's Digest of Laws of Penna., Stb ed.,
1S5S, Svo; Binns's Justice, 6tb ed.,1855, Svo. An Ana-
lytical Digest of the Laws of the United Slates, from the
Adoption of the Constitution to the End of the XXXIV.
Congress,— 1796-1857. Phila., 1858, Svo, 1142 pp. Highly
commended by Chief-Justice Taney.
Brightman, Thomas, 1557-1607, an English Puri-
tan divine, was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge.
Apoealypsis Analysi ct Soholiis, Ac., Franc., 160U, 4to ;
trans, into English, Lon., 1644, fol.
'* This work the Puiit^m divine persuaded himself and others
was written under the infiuence of divine inspiration."
He pub. a work on the Canticles, and on a portion of
the Book of Daniel in Latin, B.asil, 1614, Svo. His Ex-
plication of the last and most difficult part of the prophet
Daniel was pub. in English, Lon., 1635, 1664, 4to.
•■The '.rreat object of this Puritan's system of prophecy, both in
this work, and in his Kevel.ation Kevciled, is to prove that the Pope
is that antichrist whose reign is limited to 12^10 days or years; and
who is then foredoomed by tJod to utter destruction." — Lowndes.
Predictions and Prophecies written 46 years since con-
cerning the three Churches of Germanie, England, and
Scotland, 1641. 4to.
Brightwell, Richard, a name assumed by John
Frith.
Briiiible, William. Poems, 1767, Svo.
Brimsmead,\Villiam, first ministerof Marlborough,
Massachusetts. Elecli..n Sermons, 1681.
Briiickle, William Draper, A.M., M.D., b. 1798,
Kent CO., Del.; grad. at Princeton, 1816 ; an eminent pomo-
logist. 1. Remarks on Entomology, chiefly in reference to
AgrieuUural Benefit, Phila., 1852, Svo. 2. American Po-
mologist, Phila., 1853, 4to, coloured pUites. This work
was never completed. Has contributed to various journals
many valuable papers on medical subjects and on pomology.
Brinckmair, L. Warnings of Germany, Lon., 1683.
Briiidlcv, James, 1716-1772, a Civil Engineer of
rem.arkable genius. Reports relative to a Navigaljle Com-
munication betwixt the Friths of Forth and Clyde ; with
Observations, Edin., 1768, 4to ; in conjunction with Thomas
Yeoman, F.R.S., and John Golhorne.
Briue, John, 1703-1765. a Calvinist B.aplist minister,
sUtioned at Cripplegate, London. His works comprise
7 vols. Svo. Treatise on Various Subjects, 1743, '56 ; new
edit., revised by James Upton. Lon., 1S13, Svo. A Vindi-
cation of some truths of Natural and Revealed Religion,
in answer to James Foster. 1746, Svo. Certain Efficacy
of the Death of Christ Asserted, 1743, Svo.
"Brine's Treatises are singularly excellent."— Kti.-VND.
"He is a powerful writer, though some of his doctrm.al state-
ments, as it appears to the author, are pushed beyond what the
Scripture warrants."— BicKEP.STETn.
Bringhurst, Isaac, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1689, fol.
Briiighurst, J. Sermon, 1749, 4to.
Briiikley, John, 1763-1836, Bishop of Cloyne, gra-
duated at Caius College, Cambridge, B.A., 1788. He was
eminent for his knowledge of mathematical science and
astronomy. Elements of Plane Astronomy, 1822. Svo;
the 6tb edit, was edited with notes by the Rev. Dr. Luby.
" Admirable lectures on Astronomy."— ion. Qmirlcrh/ llviem.
The bishop contributed a number of mathematical pa-
pers to Trans. Irish Society, 1800, and to PhU. Trans.,
1807, '10.
Brinley, John. A Discovery of the Impostures of
Witches and Astrologers, Lon., 1680, Svo. Discourse prov-
ing by Scripture and Reason that there are Witches, Lon.,
1686, Svo.
Brinsley, John, 1600-1665, a Nonconformist divine,
nephew of the eelehrated Bishop Hall, was admitted of
Emanuel College, Cambridge, at the age of thirteen and
a half. He pub. several theological and educational works,
1612-64. His Ludus Literarius, or the Grammar School,
Lon., 1612, 4to, was reprinted in 1627 with a preface by
bis uncle. Bishop Hall.
" lie appears to have been inflexible in the points which divided
so large a body of clergymen fi-om the Church."
Brinsley, John, son of the former. Theolog. treatises,
Lon., 1651, '52, '55, Svo.
Brinsley, William. Discourses in 1667, Svo.
Brisbane, John, M.D. Select Cases in the Practice
of Medicine. Lon., 1762-72, Svo. Anatomy of Painting,
Lon., 1769, fol. In this work will be found the six Tables
of Albinus, the anatomy of Celsus, with notes, and the
Physiology of Cicero.
Brisbane, Maj. Gen. Sir Thomas. Mathemat
Con. to Ed. Phil. Trans., 1S17.
Brisman. Eng. and Swedish Lexicon, 1814, Svo.
Bristead, John. Tboolog. treatises, 1743, '50, 4to.
Bristed, Charles Astor, b. cityof N.York, 182U, son
of Hev. John Bristed, and grandson of John Jacob Astor,
founder of the Astor Libr;iry. After completing his studies
at Y'ale Coll., he entered the Univ. of Cambridge, Eng., where
he remained five years, and took the degree of B.A. at
Trinity Coll., 1845.' 1. Selections from Catullus, 1849, re-
vised and edited with additional notes. 2. Letter to the
Hon. Horace Mann; being a Reply to Certain Attacks on
Stephen Girard and John Jacob Astor in a work entitled
■■ Thoughts for a "5'oung Man." 3. The Upper Ten Thou-
sand, New York, 1852, 12mo. 4. Five Years in an Eng-
lish University. New York, 1852, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d edit.,
1852, condensed into 1 vol. by the omission of certain Uni-
versity Examination Exercises. The American public are
debtors to Mr. Bristed for the valuable information drawn
from his own experience in an English university. In a
country like America — whilst we make our boast of '■ a mob
of gentlemen who write with ease" — ripe classical scholar-
ship is too apt to be undervalued.
Bristed, Ezekicl. Sermon, 1715, Svo.
Bristed, Rev. John, 177S-1S55, b. Dorsetshire, Eng.,
son of a clerL'yman of the Established Church, and father
of C. A. BrisVed, (unte.) Educated at Winchester ColL
and studied Medicine at Edinburgh. For two years a pupil
in the law-offlce of the celebrated Mr. Chitty. In 1820 he
became Rector of St. Michael's Church, Bristol, R.I.,
having succeeded Bishop Griswold. A Pedestrian Tour
through part of the Highlands of Scotland in 1801. Lon.,
1S04, 2 vols. Svo. Crit. and Pbilosoph. Essays, 1S04, 12mo.
The System of the Society of Friends Examined, Lon.,
1805, Svo. Edward and Anna, or A Picture of Human
Life; a Novel, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. The Resources of the
United States of America, Ac, New York, 1818, Svo; re-
printed in London under the title of America and her Re-
sources, Ac., 181S, Svo.
" Mr. Bristed's 'eight years' have, we fear, been spent to very
little purpose, if thev have not been more proBtable to himself
than his ' voluminous masses of materials relating to our Federa-
tive Itepublic' are likelv to be to the world. He has certainly,
however, improved, both in style and m,atter, since we made our
first .icnuaintance with him as an author, which it was our fortune
to do some years since, in the character 0/ a pedestrian traveller
into the Highlands of Scotl.-ind. . . . AVe conclude with declaring,
that however valuable a citizen may have lieen acfiuired in Mr.
Bristed, and however zealous he may be for the interest of his
adopted countrv. it is our sincere hope, that this, his intellectual
offspring, m.ay always be considered alien from our literary com-
munitv." — N>yrth AimHmn Iirview, vii. 1S18.
••We cannot avoid regarding Jlr. Bristed with some degree of
respect His struL-gles are evident. In writing his bnnk. his
pride in his native countrv, which all his repnliliranism has lii^en
unable to overcome, hiis frequently had to contend with the tlat-
tering but unsubstantial prospect with which the prophetic lully
that ever accompanies democracy has impressed his mind to a de-
gree almost equalling that of the vain people with whom ho 18
domiciled." Sic.—Lmi. Qunr. Krv. , . , . ^t v
Thoughts on the Anglican and Anglo-Amer. Churches;
bein" a Reply to Mr. WiUcs's Work on Correlative Claims
and Duties, New York and Loudon. See Eclectic Review
for January, 1823. „ „ „
Bristol, John, Bishop of. See THORNBonoirGH.
Bristol, Earls of. See Digby, George, Johs.
Briston, Mrs. A. Trans, of the Maniac; and Poems,
orii'inal and trans.. 1810, 12mo.
Bristow, J. A. A New Song to an Old Tune, 1811.
Bristow, James. Narr. of his Sufferings in Cap-
tivity in India for Ten Y'ears, Lon., 1793, Svo.
BRI
Bristow, J. C. Poet, Works, Lon., 1850, 5 vols. p. Svo.
Bristow, Richard, 1j3!i-1oS1, a noted advoeate of
the C'liurch of Kome, was entered of Christ Church Col-
lege, Oxf..rd, in liio; B.A., 1559; M.A., 1562; Fellow of
Exeter College, 1567. Dr. Allen made him the first mo-
derator in the English College founded by him at Douay,
and Bristow was the first member of that college who be-
came a priest. A Brief Treatise, io. ; or. Motives unto the
Catholic Faith, Antwerp, 1574, 16mo; trans, into Latin,
Douay, 1608, 4to.
" Tlie said book contains, with great perspicuity, order, and art,
divers most excellent works, wherel)y to discern in religion the
true judgment of the Catholic Church from the false vanity of tlie
heretics, &c. : it is also in all points catliolic, learned, and worthy
to be read and printed.'" — D. W. Allen.
This work led to a controversy with Dr. Will. Fulke, of
Cambridge, and several books were published. Tubula,
Ac. St. Thomte Ac|uinatis, 1579. Fifty-one Demands to
be proposed by Catholics to Hereticks, Lon., 1592, 4to.
He was concerned in the trans, of the Old and New Testa-
ment pub. at Rheims, aud wrote m,any of the commen-
taries in the latter. Sec Alan, William. Veritatcs Aurea;
S. R. Ecclesiae Antoritabus vet. Patrum, ic, 1616,
Bristow, W. Corporation Acts, Lon., 1789, Svo.
Bristow, Whitseii. Poems, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Britain, Jonathan. Uis life, written by himself,
1772. Svo.
Britaine, William de. The Dutch Usurpation, and
their Behaviiiur to the Kings of (Jreat Britain. Lon., 1672,
4to ; reprinted in Harleian Miscelljiny, vol. iii. The In-
terest of England in the Present War with Holland, Lon.,
1672, 4to. On Human Prudence; or. The Way by which a
Man may raise himself to Fortune and Grandeur, Lou.,
169.S, 1702, Svo; 1710, 12mo.
Brittle, Miss Emily. The Indian Guide; or, A
Journal of a Voyage to the East Indies in the Year 17S0;
in a I'oetical Epistle to her mother, Calcutta, 1785, Svo.
Brittou, John, 1771-1S57, born at Kingston St.
Michael, near Chippenham, Wiltshire, one of the most
eminent antiquaries of modern times, commenced author-
ship in an humble w.ay by compiling some street-song
books, and an account of the (1.) Surprising Adventures of
Pizarro. Some short notices prepared for the Sporting
Magazine made him acquainted with Mr. Wheble, its pub-
lisher; and to the connexion thus formed Mr. Britton owed
his introduction into the career which he S() long and ho-
nourably pursued. 2. Voyages of Columbus and Cortes,
Lon., 1799. Svo. .3. Beauties of Wiltshire, Lon., 1801. 2
vols. Svo: vol. iii., 1825. 4. The Architectural Antiquities
of Great Britain. Lon., 1805-26, 5 vols. 4to.
"This is n tnilv spb-iidid and interestini; )>ro*iuction. — scientific
enough to I \i itr ['I '>ri-^liin;ll atteTllion, and Mlffiri>>iitly pirtlirc^que
anddivi-r»lli"l l., alLn^l an ampl,- trrut to th,' t"-"''ral rvajl.T. Itdurs
high credil tij till, t.ustc iiuJ industry ot tlie iudefiti^able author,
and is a real honour to the country." — iVciw Anniiai Register, 1S15.
5. The Cathedral Antiquities of Great Britain, 1814-32,
311 engravings, fi vols. 4to, £33; large paper, £55.
"The task which Browne Wdlis left imperfect has been under-
taken by Mr. Britton, who h.TS contributed more than any other
person to the illusiratinu of our architectural antiquities." — Lon.
Qltarterlif Jieview. S^qit. Is2ii.
6. Picturesque ,\utiquities of English Cities, 1830, r. 4to.
r. Union of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, 1S27,
r. fol. 8. Fine Arts of the English School, 1812. 9. A
Dictionary of the Architecture and ArchiBology of the
Middle Ages, 1830-38, r. Svo. imp. 4to. 10. An Historical
aud Architectural Essay relating to Redcliffe Church,
Bristod, 1813, 4to. 11. Fonthill Abbey, 1823. 12. Public
Buildings of London, from drawings Ijy A. Pugin. 1828-
33, 2 vols, r. Svo. 13. Historical Notices of Windsor Castle,
1842. 14. Memoir of John Aubrey, 1845. 15. The Author-
ships of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848.
We regret that we have not si)ace for the enumeration
of Mr. B.'s other praiseworthy pulilications, 87 in all. See
a Brief Memoir of his Life and Writings in the 3d vol. of
the Beauties of Wiltshire, and Autobiography, 1849, '50,
2 vols. r. Svo and 4to.
" We are persuaded that to him, more than to any other indi-
vidual, we are indebted for a rapidly progressive inqjrovement iu
the pictorial delineations of our architectural antiquities."— ion.
Gent. Mig.. April, 1S18.
" Mr. Britton stands conspicuous among the labourers on the
more lil^eral and pleasing traits of autiquarianism. lie lias long
been contributing largely to the gratification of a rational taste
for what may be called the monunients of past ages." — Eclectic
Bcview, May, 1816.
"Mr. Britton's life is one of usefulne^a, — an example to the in-
dustrious, a stimulus to the young, in every rank of society, who
may be ambitious to tread the paths of literature with honour to
themselves and benefit to the public." — Lon. Lit. GiizeiU. Oct. 1825.
"Mr. Britton is not a mau of marked originality or great mental
power; but. as a careful and diligent writer in a branch of litera-
243
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tnre which h,id been cultivated chiefly by minute antiquarians, he
did excellent service in calling the attention of the educated public
to- Die lon;;-neglected topographical and architectural antiquities
of England: there can be little doubt that his elegantly-illustrated
works luave been a chief exciting cause in bringing about the im-
proved state of public feeling with reference to our national anti-
(l\ulKs:'—Kni!jhCs Eiig. Cyc., Div. Bing., vol. i., q. v.
See Bhayley. Edward Wedlake.
Britton, Pfich. Bowre of Delights, Lon., 1597, 4to;
doubtless the same as NiCH. Buetox, {q. r.)
Britton, Thomas Hopkins. Hoiae Sacramentales:
The Sacramental Articles of the Church of England vin-
dicated from Recent Misrepresentations, Ac.
" A very elabomte and learned work, detailing sentiments of th
Reformers in opposition to the views of Mr. Gorham." — English
Review.
Broackes, M'illiam. Constipation treated Homeo-
pathically, Lon., r2mo. Cutaneous Diseases treated Ho-
meopathically, 12mo. Observations on Homeopathic Doc-
trines, 12jno.
Broad, or Broda-us, Thomas, 1577-1639, an Eng-
lish divine. A Timchstone for a Christian, 1618, 12mo.
On the Sabbath, 1621. '27, 4to.
Broadbcnt. Domcstick Coffe Man, Lon., 1720, 4to.
Broadhent, \\ illiam. ,«ernions, 1816, 12mo.
Broadhurst, Edward. Sermons, 1733, Svo.
Broadhurst, Rev. Thomas. Address on Defence
of Country, 1803. To Young Ladies on the Improvement
of their Mind, 1808, 12mo; 2d edit., 1813. Funeral Ora-
tions on Military Men; from the Greek, 1812, Svo. Sub-
stance of a Speech against the Proposed Alteration in the
Corn-Laws. 1814, Svo.
Broadley, John. Pandora's Box, 1801, Svo.
Broadley, Robert. Lectures on the Services, Creeds,
and Offices of the Chur<h of England, Lon., 1836, Svo.
Broadley, Thomas. Religion of Moses, 1805, Svo.
Brocardus, Francis. His Alcoran against Popish
Plots and Conspiracies, Lon., 1679, 4to.
Brocas, J. Calvinism Unmasked, 1812, Svo.
Brock, Irving. Patriots and Whigs the most dan-
gerous Enemies of the State, 1810, Svo. Bcrnier's Travels
iu the Mogul Empire; from the French, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo.
'■ A good translation of this excellent old traveller." — Lon. Quar.
Reeiew.
Brock, Thomas. The Importance of Religion to
the Military Life, 18111, 4to. Infancy; a Poem, 1816, Svo.
Brock, Thomas. An aflectiouate address to the
members of the Church of England, in which the most
popular arguments for separation are considered and re-
futed, Guernsey, 1826, Svo.
" A truly pious and excellent address iu favour of the Church
of England." — Cickerstlth.
Brockedon, W., 1787-1S54. Excursions in the Alps,
1845. Svo. Views in Italy. 1S42-44, imp. 4to, £5 10s.
" .\ work of equal interest and beauty." — Lon. Aihenieum.
" We gladly welcome it .as an able sjiecimen of what can be done
in Englaud by the draughtsman aud the engraver." — Lon. Lit. Gaz.
lload-Book from London to Naples, 1835, Svo.
"One of the most useful, compact, and elegant works of the kind
that we have seen." — Lon. Spectator.
Passes of the Alps, illustrated by 119 superb engravings,
1828, 2 vols. 4to ; Largest paper, India Proofs and Etchings,
pub. at £63 ; 6 copies printed.
"One of the moat valuable and interesting works of modern
times. We have no hesitation iu stating that a volume of more
uuiform excellence has never been published in England." — Brit.
Magazine.
" Much information will be obtained from Mr. Brockedon's most
be-autiful work on the Passes of the Alps." — Di.^. on the Passage of
Hannibal over the Alps, by H. L. Wick/iam, A.M., and the Rev. S. A.
Cramer, A.M., Oxford.
Brockett, John Trotter, 1788-1842, an antiquary
of some note, and the owner of a very curious library .and
a valuable coUectiim of coins aud medals. His coins and
medals, sold June, 1823, produced nearly £2000. His li-
brary, sold December, 1823, produced upwards of £4000.
Selecta Numismata Aurea Imperatorum Romauorum ex
Museo J, T. Brockett, Nov. Cast., 1822; 32 copies Svo
and 2 cr. 4to. Glossary of North-Country Words, New-
castle, 1825, cr. Svo; 2d edit.. 2 vols. p. Svo.
Brocklesby, or Brockwell, Charles. Church
Hist, of (ir. Britain, Lou., 1718, Svo. Hist, of Portugal,
Brazil, Ac, 17*i>, Svo.
Brocklesbv, John, b. 1811, Eng; came to U.S.
1820; grad. at Yale Coll., 1835: Prof. Math. 4e. Trinity
Coll., Hartford, 1842-58. 1. Elements of Meteorology;
15th ed., 185S. 12mo. Highly recommended by Donison
Olmsted, LL.D., J. L. Comstoek, M.D., Benj. Silliman,
LL.D., and others. Republished iu England and Scotland.
2. Views of the Microscopic World, 12mo. 3. Elements of
Astronomy, 12mo. 4. Common-School Astronomy.
BRO
BRO
Brocklesby, Richard. Ad Explicntion of the Gns-
pel-theism, and, the Divinity of the Christian Religion,
Luu., 17'J6, fol.
" A leai-iu'd .Hiid curious work." — LnwNPES.
Brocklesby, Richard, M.D., 1722-1797, the gene-
rous friend ui' .Samuel Johnson and Edmund Burke, deserves
ever to be held in honoured rememhrance. Some of his
profess, essays will be found in Phil. Trans. Abr., 1747, '55,
and in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1707. He pub. an Essay con-
cerning the Mortality of the Horned Cattle, Lon., 1746,
8vo. Economical and Med. Observations, 1764, Svo, and
some other works.
"As an instance of extraordinary liberality, Johnson told us
that Dr. Brocklesby had upon this occasion (his contemplated
journey to Italy, for the restoration of his health] offered him a
hundred [pounds] a year for his life. A grateful tt-ar started into
his eye, as he spoke this In a faltering tone." — Boswell.
He also urged Dr. Johnson to live with him, that he
miglit have him continually under his cnre.
" My physician in ordinary is Dr. Itrocklesby, who comes almost
every day." — Johnson to Mm. Tkrob\ Lnndo>}, Oct. 6, 17S3.
"The kiud attention which you have so long shown to my
health and happiness makes it as much a deht of gratitude as a
call of interest to give you an account of what beCills me, when
accident removes me from your immediate care. . . . You write
to me with a zeal that animates, and a tenderness that melts, me."
— Jofin-^fn to Brocl.h:shy, a few months before Johnson's death.
This benevolent man had placed Edmund Burke's name
in his will for £1000, but considering that Burke might
die first, (which he did l>y five months,) he insisted upon
presenting him with the money, which he did in the most
handsome manner.
'■That you may long live, — for talent an ornament to human
kind, and fur your country, your friends, and fiimily, (he same
happy man iu prosperity, as you have ever approved yourself
whilst withdrawn from the sunshine of a court — this, with much
more, (if any thing can be better,) is the fervent wish of,
My dear Burke.
Your sincere and ever affectionate humble servant,
London, Jidy 2. 17S8. Richard Brocelesby."
Brocliwcll, Charles. See Brocklesby.
BrockweH, Joseph. Exps. of the Lord's Prayer,1784.
Urocq, Philip Le. See Lebrock.
Brotlbelt, F.R., M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799, 1805.
Broiibelt, G. C. Sermons. 1799. 8vo.
Broderick, >liss. Cumberland Cottage; a Tale,
181.?. 3 vols. 12mo.
Broderick, Sir John. Vindication from Aspersion,
1690. 4tn.
Broderip, William John, b. at Bristol, and was
called to the bar in 1817; a distinguished popular natu-
ralist: Fellow Linniean Soc. 1824; Geol. Soc.. 1825,
Roy. Soc, 1828 ; one of the originators of the Zoological
Society, and its Vice-President. He was one of the princi-
pal contributors to the Penny Cyclopedia, and is the author
of the chief portion of the Zoology of Knight's English
Cyclopedia. After editing a legal work on Sewers, he pub.,
in counettion with P. Bingham. Reports in the C. Pleas,
1819-22. 3 vols. r. 8vo: a continuation of Taunton's Re-
ports: further continued by Mr. Bingham. 1. Zoological
Recreations, Lon., 1847; 3d ed., 1857, p. Svo.
" We believe we do not exaggerate in saying that, since the pul)-
Ijcation of White's Natural History of Selborne. and of the Intro-
diiction to Entomolofiy. by Kirby and Ppence. no work in our lan-
guage is better calculated than the ZonIoe:ical Itecre;itions to fulfil
the avowed aim of its author, — to furnisli a Iiand-book which may
cltf-ri-h or awaken a love for natural history." — Lon. Qnai: Hev.
2. Leaves from the Note-Book of a Naturalist, 1851,
p. Svo.
Brodhead, John Romeyn, son of the Rev. Jacob
Brodbend. D.I.)., wa? born in Philadelphia in 1814: gradu-
ated at Rutgers College. New Brunswick, N. J., 1831. In
1839 he was attached to the U. S. Legation at the Hague,
and in 1841 acted as agent of the State of New York
to procure Historical Documents in Europe. In 1846 was
api)ointed Secretary of Legation at London under Mr.
Bancroft as minister; and in 1853 became Naval Officer
of the Port of New York. 1. An Address delivered before
the N. Y. Historical Society. 1844. 2. Report as Historical
Agent of the State of N. Y'ork, 1845. 3. History of the
State of N. York. First period, 8vo, 1853. 4. Address
befnre the Clinton Hall Association, N. Y'., 1854, &c.
Brodie, Alexander. History of the Ruman Govern-
ment, Lon., ISIO, '14, Svo. Diary of A. Brodie, Edin.,
1740. 8vo.
Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, Bart., b. 1783,
Serjeant-surgeon to Queen Victnria, which post he held
under William TV. and George IV., was a student of Sir
Everard Home. His profession is said to produce him
£10.000 per annum. 1. Account of the Dissection of the
Human Foetus, in which the circulation of the blood is
carried on without a heartj Phil. Trans., 1809. 2. Physio-
logical Researches respecting the influence of the Brain
on the actiiin of the Heart and on the generation of ani-
mal heat: Phil. Trans., 1811. 3. Experiments and Obser-
vations on the different modes in which Death is produced
by certain Vegetable Poisons; Phil. Trans.. 1811. These
papers were republished with Notes, Lon., 1831. 4. Ex-
periments and 01>servations on the Influence of the Nerves
of the Eighth Pair on tho Secretions of the Stomach ; Phil.
Tran.s., 1814. 5. Local Nervous Affections, 1837, Svo.
6. Lectures illustrative of Various Subjects in Pathology
and Surgery, 1846, Svo.
" We attach a very hish value to these Lectures. Their style ia
clear, demonstrative, and luiafTected, decided, and energetic, but
altogether free from dopnafism or owr-confidence. They are
strictly lu-actical; and much of the information which they con-
tain will assuredly do the readier and his patients good service in
time of need." — Medical Gazette.
7. Pathological and Surgical Observations on Diseases
of the J«dnts. 1818. 8vo ; 5th ed.. 1850. Several editions
of this valuable work have been published in the U.S.
8. Lectures on the Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 1832,
Svo; 4th ed.. 1849. Republished in U.S. 9. Psychological
Inqiiiries. lS.=i4. 12mo; 3d cd., 1856.
Brodie, George. History of the Briti.sh Empire,
from the Accession of Charles I. to the Restoration, 4 vols.
Svo, 1822. Mr. Brodie brings grave charges against
Hume's History.
'• It is not well written in point of style, and the author must
be considered as a writer on the popular side, but he is a mau of
research and independence of mind. It is a work of weight and
learniiifT. and it ajipears to me forever to have damai^ed, and most
materially damai:ed. the character of Mr. Hume as an aeeurate
historian. . . . ^Ir. Brodie is a se,ircher into original records.'" —
P,ff. .Siiii/ffi's Lediives on Modern History.
Brodie, James, Medical Con. to Phil. Trans., 1697.
Brodie, >V. U. Reply to Calumnies, 1812.
Brodrick) Thomas. Historia Sacra. Lon.. 1705,
Svo. Hist, of the late War in the Netherlands, Lon.,
1713. 2 vols. Svo.
Brodiim, William, M.D. Guide to Old Age, 2 vols.
Broaden, James, of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Catholic Safeguards against Popery, 3 vols. Svo, Lon.. 1846.
*■ A more ample treasury is now placed within the reach of tho
clergy by Mr. lirogden's useful and well-timed publication, Catho-
lic fjafeguards, which contain a selection of the ablest discoui'Ses
on the errors of the Church of Rome, chosen from the worlds rif
our eminent divines who lived during the 17th ceutury." — Bislivp
of Londim's Chart/e.
'* A most valuable repository of the ancient armour of the
Church of England for the conflict with Rome." — Jrchdencon Hiir-
riscn's Charge.
Illustrations of the Liturgy and Ritual of the United
Church of England and Ireland, 3 vols. p. Svo, Lon., 1842.
"I may be ptrmitted to recommend a selection from the works
of the great divines of the 17th century, by th« Rev. James Ilrog-
den, as a most valuable addition to every parochial clergyman's.and,
indeed, to every churchman's, library." — Bishop of Exeter's Charge.
*' Mr. Brogden's useful Collection of Discourses on the Liturgy
and Ritual of the Church." — Bishop of London's Charge.
" I take this opportunity nf recommending it to a place in every
churchman's library." — Archdeaaoi Thurpe's Charr/e.
Brosrrave, Sir John. Statute on Jointures, 1648.
Brograve, Robert. A Sermon, 1689, 4to.
Brohier, J. II. English and French Cambist. 181S.
Broke, or Brooke, Arthur. The Tragicall Historyo
of Romeus and Juliet, written first in Italian by Eandell,
nowe iu Englishe by Ar [thur] Br [oke], Lon., by Richard
Tottill, 1662. 4to. Agreemente of soudry Places of Scrip-
ture, seeming in shew to iarre, serwing in stead of Com-
mentaryes not only for these, but others lyke. Trans, out
of French, and now fyrst publyshed by Arthur Broke,
Lon., 15G8, Svo. Tuberville gives us
" An Kpitaph on the death of maister Arthur Brooke, drowned
in passing to Newhaven,"
printed with his Songs and Sonets, 1567.
Broke, John Gardener. His Confession of tho
Christinn Faith. Trans, out of French, Lon., 1573, 'S3, Svo.
Broke, Sir Robert. See Buooke.
Broke, Thomas. See Brooke.
Brokesby, Francis, 1637-1715. Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge; then Rector of Rowley; became a
Nonjuror. Of Education. 1710, Svo. A Life of Christ.
A Letter to Hcarne, Oxf.. 1711. Svo. Church History,
1712, Svo. Life of Dodwell. 1715, 2 vols. Svo. He also
assisted Nelson in the compilation of his Companion to
the Festivals and Fasts.
BroUet, John. Sermon, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Brokis, James, D.B. Sermon, Lon., 1553, Svo.
Bromby, J. H. Visitation Sermon, 18(19, 4to.
Brome, Alexander, 1620-1666. an attorney in Lord
Mayor's Court, and a poet; contributed not a little to the
promotion of the Restoration by the severity and ridicule
with which he treated the Roundheads in the duv of their
249
BRO
power. The Cunning Lovers; a Comerty. Lon., Ifi54, 4to.
Fancy's Festivals. 1657, 4to. A Congratulatory Poem on
the Miraculous and Glorious Return of Charles 11.. lOfiO,
fol. Trans, of Horace, by Himself. Fanshaw, Holliday,
Hawkins. Cowley. Ben jonson, &c. It seems he hail
designed to translate Lucretius. He pub. 2 vcds. of
Richard Brome's plays. Isaac Walton commends Brome
highly.
Brorae, Etlmnnd, Fellow of St. John's College,
Cambridge. Sermons, 1709-12.
' Bi-omc, James. Sermons, 1678-1707.
Brome, James. Travels over Scotland, Engl.ind,
«nd Wales, Lon., 1700, '07, '26, Svo. Travels through
Portugal, Spain, and Italy, 1712, Svo.
Brome, Richard, d. 1652, originally a menial ser-
vant of Ben Jonson, wrote himself into high repute. The
Biog. Dramat. enumerates fifteen plays of his, besides
several others which are ascribed to him. Of these the
best known are The Northern Lass, 1632, 4to. The Anti-
podes, 1640, 4to. The Jovial Crew, 1652, 4to. The City
Wit, 165.S, Svo. The Court Beggar, 1653, Svo. Jonson
compliments Brome on the Northern Lass. Two volumes
containing his Ten New Plays were pub. 1653-59. La-
chryma; Musarum, Lon., 1650, Svo.
" liromi-. ill imitation of his master, laid it down as bis first preat
point, to apijlj dusely to the study of men and manners."— Bioff.
UrunuU.
Brome, William. Indices quincpie ad Thcsaurum
Ling. Sept. Hickcsii, Oxon.,1705.
liromehcad, Joseph. Puljlic Infirmaries, 1772.
Bromesgrove, Samuel. Sermon. 1704, 4to.
Bromlield,>Villiam. Thool. treatises. Lon., 1725, '26.
Bromlield, Sir William, 1712-1792, surgeon to fieo.
III., pull, atreatise on Inocul.ation forthe Small-PoK, 1767,
Svo. Chirurgical Cases and Observations. 1773, 2 vols. Svo.
and some other profess, essays. Some of his papers will
be foun.l in Med. Obs. and Inq.. and Phil. Trans.
Bromhall, Thomas. Treatise of Spirits; or, an
History of Apparitions, Oracles, Prophecies, and Predic-
tions, with Dreams. Visions, and Revelations. Lon.. 1658,fol.
Bromhead, E. F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1816.
Bromley, Eliza. Cave of Consenza; a Romance
from the Italian. ISO!',. 2 vols. 12mo.
Bromley, Sir George. Miscellanea Anglia, a Col-
lection of origin.al Royal Letters, written by K. Charles I.
and K. J.ames II.. and the King and Queen of Bohemia,
Ac, Lon., 17S7, Svo.
" A valuable collection." — Lowndes.
Bromley, Henry. Catalogue of Engraved British
Portraits, from Egbert the Great to the present Time, with
an Appendix, containing the Portraits of such Foreigners
as either by Alliance with the Royal Family of, or Resi-
dence as visitors in, this Kingdom may claim a place in the
British Series. Interspersed with Notices, Biographical,
and Genealogical, never before published, Lon., 1793, 4to.
Two Addresses on the Deplorable State of the Indians,
1S15, Svo.
Bromley, John, d. 1717, a schoolmaster, is said to
have had Alexander Pope for one of his pupils. Tran.s.
of the Catechism of the Council of Trent, Lon., 16S7, Svo.
Bromley, Uobert Anthony, d. 1806. Sermons,
1770-90. A Philosophical and Critical History of the Fine
Arts, Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, in i parts,
Lon., 1793-95, 4to, 2 vols.
Bromlc V, Thomas. Sabb.ath of Rest, Lon., 1710, Svo.
Broiiilcv, Walter. Military treatises, Lon., 1812.
Bromley, William, Speaker of the House of Com-
mons in 1710. Several ye.ars' Travels through Portugal,
Spain, Italy, Ac, Lon., li'02. Svo. Remarks on the Grand
Tour of Prance and Italy, Lon., 1692, 1705, Svo.
"The tiist edition of Mr. Bromley's Grand Tour was published
in 1612 and is said to h,ave been withdrawn soon aft«r, in conse-
HUeuce of a chan!;e in his politics. The second edition was pub-
lished, without pel-mission, bv one of the Whig party, upon an
occasion when it was most likely to prove a source of annoyance;
with the addition of a Table of Contents, tumins the author s ob-
servations into ridicule."— Uenhy G. Boun, editor of BMiotheca
Purrfann. 1.S27: I'irfe p. 703. , .,, , r
Brompton, John, a Cistercian monk, and Abbot ot
Jorevall or Jerevall, in Richmondshire. The Chronicon to
which his name is attached extends from 6SS to the death
of Richard I., 11 98. It is printed in Decern Script. Hist.
Anglia;, Lon., 1652, fol.
"It is not indeed likely that this history was written by
any member of the Abbey of Joroval, since it takes no notice
ot the foundation of that monastery, ic, but only procured
by Abbot Uromptou, and by him bestowed on his monastery."
Bee Selden in Vitis X. Script. ; Tanner ; Nicolsou's English His-
torical Library.
Bromivich. Sermon, 1770, Svo.
250
BRO
Bromwich, Bryan J'Anson. The Experienced
Eco-Keeper: an Es^^ay on the Management of Bees, 1783,
Svo. A Poem, 1796. Church of Home. 1797, Svo.
Bronsted, P. O. Essay on the Bronzes of Siris in
the British Museum. Lon., Ibl.
Bronte, Charlotte, (Mrs. Nicholls,) born 1824,
daughter of Rev. Patrick Bronte, curate of Haworth, in
Yorkshire; married Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's
curate, in 1854, and died in 1855. She and her two sisters
have become widely known to fame under the assumed
names of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell.
" Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our names under those
of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell,— the ambiguous choice being dic-
tated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christiaa
names positively masculine, while we did not Uke to declare oui^
selves women, because— without at that time suspecting that our
mode of writing and thinking was not what is called • feminme
we had a vague impression that authoresses are likely to be
looked on with prejudice; we had noticed how critics sometimes
use for their cLastisement the weapon of persouality, and for their
roWM-d a flatteiy which is not true praise."— Biographical notice
by Currer Bdl, i.c. Ciiarlutte Bruntc.
Anno (Acton Bell) died in 1848. EmUy (Ellis Bell)
died 1S49. Charlotte was more successful as an authoress
than her si.sters. Few novels have gained such immcdiata
popularity as was accorded to Jane Eyre. Wc append some
notices of several of the works of the literary sisterhood.
Jane Eyre : an Autobiography, Lon., 1S4S, 3 vols. p. Svo,
by Currer Boll, [Charlotte Bronte.]
" Almost .all that we require in a novelist the writer has, — per-
ception of character and knowledge of delineating it, picturesque-
ness, passion, and knowledge of hfe. Reality- deep, significant
reaUty— is the characteristic of this book."— J='iaser's Magazine.
'• The popularity of Jane Eyre was doubtless due in part to the
freshness, i-aciness, and vigour of mind it evinced; but it was ob-
tained not so much bv these qualities as by frequent dealings in
mor,al paradox and bj' the hardihood of its assaults upon the pre-
judices of proper people."— E. P. Whipple ; N. Amer. Jlev., Ixvil. 3o7.
Shirley; a Tale, by Currer Bell, 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo.
" There is greiit ability in this work ; it is full ot eloquence. The
descriptive passages have seldom been surpassed in beauty and
picturesqueness. The presence ot a searching power and a lofty
genius is visible." — Be/Uley's Misceltawj.
Wnthering Heights, by Acton Bell, 1847.
" We strongly recommend it to all our readers, for we can promise
them they never read any thing like it before."— Docolas Jeeeold.
" It reminds us of the 'Nowlans' by Banim. It is a colossal per-
formance."— Lon. AlU/s.
" A work of very great t.alent." — Lon. Examiner.
'■ As the characters of the tale are unattractive, so the chief in-
cidents are sadiv wanting in probability. They are devoid of truth-
fulness, are not'in harmony \,ith the actual world, and have, there-
fore, but little more power to move our symp-athies than tlie ro-
mances of the Middle Ages, or the ghost^stories which made our
grand-dames tremble." — Lon. Eclectic Kcview.
The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall, by Acton Bell, 3 vols.
p. Svo.
"We give our honest recommendation of Wildfeld IlaU as the
most interesting novel we have read for a month past." — Lon.
Atftenipum. . , . . „
" A story of intense interest. All is plainly simple, hut all so
beautifully, so exquisitely natural, so true to the feelings of the
heart, that the attention of the reader is fixed and absorbed. —
Sfaval and Military Gaz.
" The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall is altogether a less pleasant story
than its immediate predecessor, though it resembles it in the ex-
cessive clumsiness with wliicli the plot is arranged and the promi-
nence given to the brut.al clement of human nature."— E. 1.
Wuipple: N. American Review, Ixvii. 359.
Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846.
" Remarkable as being the first efibrts of undoubted genius to
find some congenial form of expression. They are not common
verses, but show many of the vigorous quahtles in the prose works
of the same writers. The lore of nature which characterizes Currer
Bell's prose works pervades the whole of the present volume. —
Lon. Christian Rpmemhrancer.
Wuthcring Heights and Agnes Grey, by Ellis and Acton
Bell, with a Selection of their Literary Rcm.ains, and a
Biographical Notice of both -Authors, by Currer Bell, 1850,
3 vols. p. Svo. Life of Charlotte Bronte, by Mrs. Gaskell,
1S57, 2 vols. p. Svo; N.Y., 2 vols. 12mo.
" The story of a woman's life, unfolded iu this book, is calculated
to make the old feel young and the young old. ... By all thu
book wiU be read wi'lh interest. . . . Mrs. Gaskell has produced
one of the best biographies of a woman by a woman which we
can recall to mind." — Lem. Athenxnm^ No. 1536.
In consetiucnce of alleged misstatements (some, at least,
of which were acknowledged) in this work, portions of it
were suppressed iu subsei|uent editions.
Bronte, Rev. Patrick, father of Currer, Acton,
and Ellis Bell. Cottage Poems, 1811, Svo.
" The author has written not only tor the good of the pious, but
for the good of those who are not so; and he hopes Ins poems will
be rendered useful to some poor soul who cares Utile about critical
matters." „ .^ . ^. ^^
The Rural Minstrel : a Miscellany of Descriptive Poems,
1814, 12mo. See Colburn's Diet, of Living Authors.
BRO
BRO
Broiitius. Lovaltv Asserted, 1681, 8vo. |
lirook, Abrahani. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782; on j
Ek-i-tricity. the Air Pump, the Barometer, *tu.
Brook, Benjamin. Lives of the Puritans, Lon., (
ISia. 3 vols. Svo. I
*' This works forms a comprehensive append.it:e to Neat's His-
tory of the Puritans, and Talmei-'s Nonconformist's Memorial.' ^
'' This work is remarkable for extensive research, poverty of die- ,
tion, zeal in the cause of Dissent, and unceremonious reflections .,
upou Churchmen." — Dr, E. Williams.
A History of Religious Liberty, 1821, 2 vols. Svo.
Brook, Jonathan. A Cnlk-etion of Moral Sentences,
from Ancient and iModern ^A'riters. IJrist., 1770, 8vo.
Brookbank, or Brooksbank, Joseph, b. 1612, ,
educated at Braseuose College, Oxford. The Well-Tuned
Organ; on Music, Lon., 1660, fol. A Breviate of Lilly's
Grammar, 1660, Svo. Rebels Tried and Cast, 1661, 12mo;
being 3 Sermons on Rom. xiii. 2.
Brooke, Major. Short Addresses to the Children
of the Sunday Seliool, on Texts of Scripture, 1791, 12mo.
Brooke, Arthnr. See Broke.
Brooke, Captain De Capell. Travels in Spain and
Morocco. 2 v<*ls. Svn. Travels through Sweden. Norway,
Ac. in 1820, -Uo. Winter in Lapland and Sweden, 1827,
4to. This accurate and valuable work has become rare.
Brooke, Charlotte, daughter of Henry Brooke, the
Novelist and Dramatist Relique.s of Irish Poetry, trans,
into Euglish Verse, with Notes, and an Irish Tale. Dubl.,
17S9, 4to. Dialogue between a Lady and her Pupils, de-
scribing a Journey thi-ough England and Wales. Natural
History, &c., 1796, Svo,
*' W'e approve this ]>lan, as the young mind may thus he di-awn,
by the sul'jects ocrasionaHy introduced, to attend to matters of
useful information, insti-ad of the very trivial tuples with which
books of education are sometimes tilled." — Ltin. MoutMi/ Jiei\. 17'.'l3.
Emma, or the Foundling of the Wood; a Novel, 1803,
12mo.
Brooke, Mrs. Charlotte, has gained considerable
reputation by occasional poetical eftusions.
" Si'uie of her poems have a sweetness of flow and delicacy of
sentiment that seem made out of music, rather than for it. She
seems only to have wanted some deep incitement, such as a sense
of duty imparts to a woman's genius, in order to have excelled."
— Woman's liecord.
Mrs. Hale quotes "A Lover's Lines" as a specimen of
Mrs. Brooke's style.
Brooke, Christopher. Funeral Elegy on Prince
Henry, Lon., 1613. -ito. Eclogues by Mr. Brooke, Mr.
Wither, and Mr. Davies, 1614, Svo. See Brit. Biblio-
grapher, ii. 236, for an account of A Funerall Poem in
MS. by Brooke, and for other interesting information con-
cerning the author. Brooke was the "chamber fellow"
at Lincoln's Inn and bosom friend of the celebrated Dr.
Donne, and aided him in his clandestine marriage to the
daughter of Sir George Moor, Chancellor of the Garter,
and Lieutenant of the Tower. It ])roved dangerous to
offend a jailer, fur the indignant father-in-law sent the
groom and his two friends. Christopher and Samuel Brooke,
to prison. Vide Athen. Oxon.,Bliss's edit, Fasti, i. 401.
George Wither inscribes some verses *' To his ingenious
and (which is more worthy) his truly honest Friend, Mr.
Christ. Bro<,ke."— /;^/^ Bihl. ii. 237.
Brooke, Kdward. Bibliotheca Legum Anglise ;
Part II., containing a general Account of the Laws and
Law Writers of England, from the earliest Times to the
Reign of Edward III., *tc., Lon., 1788, 12mo. See Wob-
RALL. John.
Brooke, Frances, 1745-1789, daughter of Rev. Mr.
Moore, and wife of the Rev. John Brooke, Rector of Col-
ney, in Norfolk. Ac, obtained considerable distinction by
her literary abilities. The Old Maid, a periodical, Nov.
15, 1755, to about the end of July in the next year. Since
pub. in a 12mo vol. Virginia, a Tragedy, with Odes, Pasto-
rals, and Translations. 1756, Svo. Trans, from the French
of Lady Catesby's Letters, 1760, 12mo. Tho History of
Lady JuUa Maudeville, 2 vols. 12mo, 1763.
'■ Concernint; the plan there were various opinions, [i'. p.] though
of the execntinn there seems to have been but one. It was read
with much avidity and general approbation." — NidioWs Literary
Avecdotes, ii. 346,
The History of Emily Montague, 4 vols. 12mo, 1769.
Memoirs of the Marquis of St. Forlaix, 4 vols. 12mo, 1770.
Mr. (4arri('k refused to give a representation to Virginia,
and Mrs. B. ofl'ered him another tragedy, which met with
the same fate. Whereupon Mrs. B. took a severe revenge
on him in the novel of the Excursion, 2 vols. 12mo, 1777.
Like most people who act under excited feeling, *' Mrs.
Brooke thought her invective loo severe ; lamented and
retracted it."
Elements of the History of England, from the Abbe
Millot. 4 vols. 12mo, 1771. Siege of Sinope, a Tragedy,
1781, Svo.
'•This piece added but little to her reputation, and never became
popular. It wanted energy, and had not much nriu^inality. There
was little to disapprove, but not much to admire." — JS'idtvls's Lit.
Anecdotes, ii. .147.
Rosina, a Play, 17S2.
'• Few pieces have been equally successful. The simplicity of
the story, the elegance of the words, and the excellence of the
music, promise a long duration to this drama." — Ibid.
Marian, a Play, 1788. Much inferior to Rosina. The
History of Charles Mandeville; a Sequel to Lady Julia,
2 vols. ISmo, 1790.
" It has been often wished that the catastrophe in the Novel of
Lady .Julia IMandeville had been less melancholy: and of the [no-
priety of this opinion the authoress herself is said to have been
satisfied, but did not choose to make the alteration."
Brooke, Francis. Trans, of Voyages of V. Le Blanc,
1660.
Brooke, Fnike Greville, Lord. See Greyille,
Fn.Kr:.
Brooke, Henry. The Conservatory of Health, Lon.,
1650, 12nio.
Brooke, Heuvy, 1706-1783, a native of Rantavau
in Ireland, was for some time a, pujiil of Dr. Sheridan, and
left his tutor to enter Trinity College. Dublin. From
thence, when only 17, he removed to the Temple to study
law. His first publication was Universal Beauty; a phi-
losophical poem; part 2 pub. 17;35; part 3 about 1736.
■■Tbis had been sulimitti-d to Pope, who probably contributed
his assistance, and wh^se manner, at least, is certainly followed."
A Trans, of the first three Books of Tasso, 1737.
" It is at once so harmonious and so spirited, that I think an
entire translation of Tasso by him would not only have reudirrd
my task unnecessary, but have discourai^ed those from the attempt
whose poetical abilities are much superior to mine." — Hoole.
Constantia, or the Man of Law's Tale. 1741 ; in Ogle's
version of Chaucer. The Earl of Westmoreland ; a Tra-
gedy, 1745. Farmer's Letters, 1745: on the plan of his
friend Swift's Drapier Letters. A new Collection of Fairy
Tales, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo; anon. Earl of Essex: a Tra-
gedy, 1760, Svo. The Trial of the Roman Catholieks,
1762, Svo. In this, Brooke jileads for the removal of po-
litical restraints on that class of citizens. The Fool of
Quality, or the History of Henry. Earl of Morelaud, 5 vols.
12mo; 1760, 70, 77: in 4 vols. ]2mo, 1776.
'■ A novel replete with knowIed;io of human life and manners,
and in which there are many admirable tiaits of moral feeling and
propriety, but mixed, as the author advances towards the close,
with so nuuh of reliv'ious discussiiui. and mysterious sturies and
opinions, as to leave it doubtful whether he inclined most to Beh-
menism or to Pnpery."
Redemption, a Poem, 1772, 4to.
"A poeui in which that irreat mystery of our relijrion is ex-
plained and amplified bv bolder fitrmes than are usually hazarded.''
Juliet Grenville. or the Hi:^tory uf the Human Heart;
a Novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1774. This work is considered
unequal to his earlier efi'orts. His Works, Lon., 177S,
4 vols. Svo ; this collection contains several jjlaj's and
poems not before printed. Of Brooke's plays perhaps
Gustavus Vasa was considered the best. Its performance
was forbidden for political reasons. His Works, with the
addition of some pieces collected by his daughter, wero
reprinted, Dublin, 1792,
'■ Throughout all the excellent compositions of Brooke there
breathes a strong spirit of liberty."
See Johnson's and Chalmers's English Poets, 1810, 21
vols. Svo; Clialmers's Biog. Diet.; and Brookiana, or
Anecdotes of Henry Brooke, Lon., 1804. 2 vols. 12mo.
Brooke, Henry. Sermou.=;, 1746, '47.
Brooke, Henry. A Guide to the Stars. Lon., 1820, 4to.
Brooke, Henry James. Familiar Introduction to
Cry.stallography, Luu., 1823^ Svo.
Brooke, James. Sermons, 1706, '28.
Brooke, Sir James, b. 1803, at Bandcl. in Zillah
Hooghly, Bengal; Rajah of Sarawak. His Journals of
Events in Borneo, by Capt. Rodney Mundy, R.N., Lon.,
1848, 2 vols. Svo.
" Keppel's volumes gave the outlines of the strange drama of
Mr. Brooke's c;ireer. . . . Captain Mundy lias jirinted the.Tuurnals
seriatim, omitting only such portions as have already been made
public. The new Journals of Mr. Brooke here ofl'ered to the world
by Captain Mundy till one and a quarter of these goodly volumes."
— Lim. Athe/ui'itm.
Private Letters of Sir J. Broidie, K.C.B., from 1838 to the
Present Time, edited by J. C. Templer. 1S53, 3 vols. cr. Svo.
Brooke, John. Theolog. treatises. Lon., 1577-Sl.
Brooke, John Charles, 174S-1794, Somerset He-
rald, was deeply versed in antiquarian lore. Some of his
contril'Utinns will be found in Areha-ol., 1777, 79, '82.
His signature in the Gent. Mag. was J. B. He rendered
251
BRO
such liberal assistance to his literary friends that it has
been dei-'lared that
••Thu lirst writers of the ase in history, biography, and topo-
graphy, have been indebted to him."
References to him will be found in the correspondence
of that eminent antiquary, the Rev. William Cole.
•• Mr Brookes illustration of the Saxon inscription at Kirkdale
Church pleases me much. . . Mr. Brooke is too good a Herald not
to have informed you of the owners of the arms in your wmdow.
--Niclinh's Lit. AnecdnU-s^ vol. i.
Mr. B. was applied to by the Duke of Norfolk (then
Earl of Surrey) to write a Latin preface to Domesday
Book. He made some collections towards a bisl.iry of all
the tenants in Capile mentioned therein, with llieir pedi-
grees, families, estates, ic. What a grand work would
this have been ! Alas for the come-to-nothimj pri-jects of
procrastinating men ! t. , , nn~ o
Brooke,N.,M.D. Observations on Italy,Bath,17a 1 ,8vo.
Brooke, Ualph, d. 1625, York Herald, was originally
named Brookesworth. He is represenl«d as most perverse
and malicious in disposition, and he was a " thorn in the
side" of the worthy Camden. He attacked the latter in a
publication entitled A Discoverie of certain Errours in the
mueh-commended Britannia, 1594. Very prejudiciall to
the descentes and successions of the auncient Nobilitie of
this Realme; by Yorke Herault; Hinenniw; circa 1596. 4to.
Second Discovery of Errors prejudicial to noble descents,
with a Reply to ilr. Camden's Apologia ad Lectorem m
his tilth ediiion. 1600. He presented this to K. James 1.,
who prohibited its publication. Anstis pnb.lt in 1(2.3,
4to ; this vol. contains the original objections, Camden s
reply, &e. The latter ably defended himself, and charged
Brooke with ignorance and malice.
" Some earlv attempts were made by an envious person, one
Brook, or Brookmonth, to blast the deservedly gre.at reputation of
this book; but they perished and came to nothin- : as did like-
wise the terrible threats given out by fcir Symonds II twes. that
he would discover errors in every page."— Bisuop NlcOLSO-N : inff.
ifis(. irtAu-y. 1776, 4.
Our ch.jleric " Herault" completed in 1622 a valuable
work, entitled Catalogue and Succession of the Kings,
Princes, Dukes, Marijuiscs, Earls, and Viscounts of this
Realm of Eugland, since the Norman Conquest to this
present year. 1619, together with their arms, wives, and
children." the times of their death and burials, with many
of their memorable actions, Don., 1619-22, fob Tlic feli-
citations of Yorke Herault over his new-born literary off-
spring were interrupted by a critic who made bim remem-
ber hts foray against the worthy Camden. Mr. Augustus
Vincent borrowed even the very title of Brooke's in.lict-
meut against the Britannia, and put forth A Discovcnc of
Errours in the first edition of the Catalogue of NnbiUty
published by Ralph Brooke, Yorke Herald. Lon., 1622, tol.
'■A highly valuable work, though written with too much se-
^ Brooke, R. Treatise on the Office and Practice of
a K.'liirv ; 2d cd., Lon., lS-t7, 8vo.
Brooke, Richard. A Descriptive Account of Liver-
pool as it was during the last Quarter of the 18th century,
1775-1800, 1854, r. Svo.
" In addition to information relative to the Public Buildings.
Statistics, and Commerce of the Town, the work cout.aius some
curious and interesting particulars, which have never been previ-
ously published, respecting the Pursuits, Habits, and Amuse-
ments of the Inhabitants of Liverpool during that period, with
Views of its Public Edifices."
Brooke, Robert Greville, Lord. See Greville,
ROBKRT. .
Brooke, or Broke, Sir Robert, d. 1558. Lord Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Queen Mary,
(1553,) was a native of Claverley, in Shropshire. La
Graunde Abridgment, Lon., 156S. '70, '73, '76, '86.
'■ 'lliis Alirid>_'ment. which is priucip.illy founded upon that of
Fit/.berbert. is digested under a greater number of titles, and be-
sides the authorities collected bv litzherbcrt, Brooke abridges a
great number of readings, which seem to have liiUen under his
own knowledge as a judge and chief justice of the common pleas
and which are nowhere else extant, except in a small volume se-
lected from this Abridgment, entitled New Cases."— WoRH.\LL.
For Novel Cases, the Abridgment, A-c, see Wallace's
Rep.; Marvin, &e. Brooke followed the example of
Nicholas Statham. who first abridged from the year-
books temp. Edward IV. : see Nicolson's Hist. Library.
Le Lieur, Ac. del Corone, 15S0, fob Reading on Magna
Charta cxvii., 1641, 4to. Reading upon the Statute of
Limitations 32 Hen. VIII., cap. 2, Lon., 1647, Svo.
Brooke, T. Theolog. treatises. Ac, Lon.. 1548-70.
Brooke, T. H. History of the Island of St. Helena
from its liistovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806,
Lou.. I.'^ll^. 8vo.
Brooke, Thomas. Sermons, 1732, '46, 4to.
2bl
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Brooke, Thomas Digby. Trans, from Mad. Guyon,
and uur Life, 1795-1806.
Brooke, W. H. Foreigner's Guide. 1807.
Brooke, WiUiam. Cause of the distress for Provi-
sions, Lon., ISOO.
Brooke, '/.., D.D. Examination of Dr. Middleton a
Free In(|uiry, 1750, 8vo. Eleven Discourses, 1764, Svo.
Brooker, Daniel. Sermons, 1743, '45, '46.
Brookes, Melaiithe. Fabula Pastorialis, 1615, 4to.
Acted bci.ire King James I., March 10, 1614.
Brookes, Henry. Sermon, 1707, Svo.
Brookes, Henry. Sermons, 1732, '34, Svo.
Brookes, John. England's Interest. Free thoughts
on the Starch Duty, Lon.. 1752, Svo.
Brookes, Joshua, 1761-1833, a distinguished Eng
lish surgeon and anatomist, pub. a tract on the Cholera
an Address, 1828, a paper in Trans. Linnsoan Society, 1829,
Ac. See Lancet, vol. xii. He had a large museum of
specimens in various branches of Natural History, which
cost him £30,000 and was sold at auction for a very tri-
fling sum.
Brookes, Matthew, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1621, 57.
Brookes, Richard, M.D. History of the most re-
markable Pestilential Distempers that have appeared in
Europe for 300 years last past; with the Method of pre-
vention and cure of that Distemper, Lon., 1721, Svo. The
General Practice of Physic, 1751, 2 vols. Svo. The
General Dispensary, 1753, Svo. The Art of Angling, Rock
and Sea Fishing, Ac, 1740, Svo. System of Natural His-
tory, in 6 parts, Lon., 1763, 6 vols. 12mo. General Gazet-
teer, or Compendious Geographical Dictionary, 1762, Svo;
IStb edit., 1827, Svo ; revised and corrected to the present
time, Ijy A. G. Findlnv, new edit., Lon., 1851, Svo.
Brookes, Samuel. An Introduction to tlie study of
Concliidogy, 1815, 4to.
'■It behooves us to state, that Mr. Brookes evinces an mtimat*
and learned .icquaintance with his subject, thilt he duly blends
persr.iiiiity with brevity of description, that he has liestowed on
his phitcs'an unusual degree of correctness and elegance, and that
he has carefully prepared the way for the pro.secution of hi.s fa
.._ J— *i .... .^v tnnc.i,.A cola " T yin Itfnntlil.tt TffnlMO
le has caretully preparea ine way lui me iiiu.-.clui.^.. v..^... .«
ourite study on the most extensive scale."— ion. Mmthly Ecvieut,
Abe. ISlli.
Brookes, Thomas, d. 1680, an eminent Independent
divine, chosen minister of St. Mary JIagdalcn ab<mt 1651,
ejected 1662. Preci<ius Remedies for Satan's Devices, Lon.,
1653, Svo; about 60 editions. He.aven on Earth, 1654,
Svo. ' The Mute Christian under the Smarting Rod, 1660,
Svo • more than 50 editions. The Private Key of Heaven,
1665, Svo. Cabinet of Jewels, 1669, 4to. A Golden Key
to open hid Treasures, 1675. 4to. Apples of Gold for Y'oung
Men and Women; more than 25 editions. Holiness, Ac,
1662, Svo. On Assurance, 1654, 12mo. Unsearchaljle
Riches of Christ, 1661, 4to. Other works.
'■ His works have been highly popular, on account of their spi-
ritual tendency. As a preacher he was very affecting and useful ;
but maiiv of his phr.ases and comparisons are too homely and lar
miliar for imitation."— Da. E. Willums.
" A popular, lively, and practical writer."— Bickersteth. ^
'• Brookes's Unsearchable Kit-he's of Christ is a most edifying
treatise, pithily eloquent, almost every sentence of which is an
aphorism worthy of a distinct setting, and which everywhere dis-
plays large stores of .sanctified learning."— CTcwftuji Adrocatt.
Brookesbank, John. 1. An Englishman's Sylla-
bary 2. Rules for Syllabication, 1651. 4to.
Brooks, Charles Shirley, b. 1815, a dramatist and
contriliutor to periodicals, has gained considerable reputa-
tion Ijy his plays of Honour and Riches, The Creole, The
Lowther Arcade, and Our New Governess. As commis-
sioner of the Loudon Morning Chronicle, he spent six
months in Russia, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and contributed
a series of letters to that journal, which were altcrwards
pub. in Longmans' Travellers' Library. Miss V lolet and
licr Offers. Edited Amusing Poetry, 1857; Aspin Court,
a Novel, 1857. This work is popular and has been highly
commended.
Brooks, Charles T., b. 1S13, at Salem, Massachu-
setts, graduated at Harvard College, became pastor ol the
Unitarian Church, Newport, R.L, in 1S37, on which occa-
sion Dr. Channing preached the ordiuation-scrmon. 1.
Schiller's William Tell, trans.. Providence, 1838. 2. Trans.,
from same author, Mary Stuart and The Maid of Orleans.
3 Titan ; from the German of Jean Paul Richter, 1840.
4. Specimens of German Song. Bost, 1S42. This v;olume
is one of Mr. Ripley's series of foreign literature. 5. 1 rans.
of Schiller's ■• Homage of the Arts," with miscellaneous
pieces from Riickert, Freiligrath, and other German I oets,
Bost , 1S47. 6. Poems, Prov., 1S48. 7. The Controversy
touching the Old Stone Mill in the Town of >cwport. R.L,
Newport, 1S51. 8. Gorman Lyrics, contammg specimens
BRO
of Anastasius Griia and other living poets of Ger-
many.
"On the whole, we have perused the 'German Lyrics' with
J)leasm-e. Mr. Urooka fully maintains by this publication the
credit he won for himself by his former labours as a translator of
(jerman poetry." — Lon,Athai., No. 1476. Feb. 9. 1S66.
9. Songs of Field and Flood. Bost.. 18.14. 10. Eight
Months on the Ocean and Eight Weeks in India, MS.
Brooks, Francis. Barbarian rruelty, Lon., 1693.
liruoks, Henry .lames. See Buooke.
Brooks, Indiana. Eliza Beaumond and Harriet
Osborne: or, The Child of Doubt, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo.
Brooks, J. T., M.D. Four Months among the Gold-
Finders in Calit'oi-nia, N. York, 1819, Svo.
Brooks, J. W. Lectures on Prophecy, Lon., 1842,
12mo. Abdiel's E.ssays on the Advent and Kingdom of
Christ, 1834, 12uio.
" A very valuable work, and fuU of Scripture illustration."—
BiCKEBSTETH.
Elements of Prophetical Interpretation, 1836, 18mo.
*■" A work of useful information." — Ibid.
History of the Hebrew Nation, 1841, 12mo.
"Much valuable scriptural illustration as well .is historical.*' —
Ibirl.
Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester. Sermon at
Paul's Cross, Lon., 1553, Svo. See Fox's Acts and Monu-
ments of the Cliurch for two orations of the bishop's.
Brooks, James Gordon, 1801-1841, a native of
Red Hook, near the city of New York, was known for
some time as ii contributor to periodicals under the signa-
ture of "Florio." His longest poem is entitled Genius:
delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Y'ale Col-
lege in 182". Mr. aud Mrs. Brooks pub. in 1829, a volume
entitled The Rivals of Este, and other Poems, by James
G. and Mary E. Brooks. The principal poem is the pro-
duction of Mrs. Brooks.
■■ The poems of .Mr. Brooks are spirited and smoothly versified,
but diifuse aud carelessly written. lie was imai^iuative, and com-
posed with remarkable ease and rapidity: but was too indifTerent
in regard to his reputation ever to rewrite or revise his produc-
tions."— Gristvold's Poets and Poetry of America.
Brooks, John, M.DT, Gov, of Mass., 1752-1825, pub.
a Discourse on Pneumonia, 1808, and one delivered before
the Humane Society, 1795. — Thacher'a Med. Biog.
Brooks, Jonathan. Antiquity, or the Wise In-
structor: being a Collection of Sentences, Erist.. 1770. 12mo.
Brooks, Maria, as styled by Southey, Maria del
Occidente, b. about 1795, d. 1845, is best known as the
author of ZophicI, or The Bride of Seven, the fii-st canto of
which was pub. in Boston, 1825 ; the whole work in Lon-
don, 1833. Mrs. Brooks was the daughter of Mr. Gowen,
a gentleman of Welsh descent, who settled at Medford,
Massachusetts, where Maria was born. In 1820 she pub.
a volume entitled Judith, Esther, and other poems, by a
Lover of the Fine Arts. Mrs. Brooks passed the spring
of 1831 in the hospitable mansion of Robert Southey, at
Keswick, and this useful friend superintended the publi-
cation of Zophiel, of which he was a great admirer :
" If you have not seen Zophiel, it is well worth your reading, as
by far the most original poem that this genenation has produced.
... The poem has attracted no notice : the chief cause of the pre-
sent failure 1 suppose to be that it is not alwavs perspicuou.sly
told. The diction is surprisingly good : indeed, America has never
produced any poem to be compared with it,"— Letter to Lord ilaltem,
iUi) 12, 1834.
An interesting review of this poem will be found in Gris-
wold's Fem.ale Poets of America. An edition of Zophiel
was pub. in Boston in 1834, for the benefit of the Polish
Exiles, in whose cause Mi-s. Brooks felt the warmest in-
terest. See Southey's Life and Correspondence.
In 1843 she printed for private circulation, Idomen,
or The Vale of the Yumuri; a production which par-
takes much of the character of an autobiography. Mrs.
Brooks inherited some estates in Cuba, and took up her
residence in the island. She died at Matanzas, Novem-
ber 11, 1845.
Her principal poem will preserve her name from ob-
livion, but deals too little with human sympathies to take
much hold of the public mind. It is one of those produc-
tions which will be always more ciuoted than read, and
more admired than understood.
■' Maria del Occidente is styled in The Doctor, 4c., ' the most
impassioned and most imaginative of all poetesses.' And without
taking into account qms'lam ardentiora scattered here and there
throughout her singular poem, there is undoubtedly ground for
the first clause, and, with the more accurate substitution of ' fanci-
ful' for 'imaginative,' for the whole of the eulogy. It is alto-
gether an extraordinary performance." — Ltm. Quarterly Review.
'' Which [Zophiel] he [Southey] says is by some Yankee woman ;
as if there ever had been a woman capable of any thing so great 1"
' — Charles L.\mb.
See Griswold's Female Poets of America.
BRO
Brooks, Mary E., a poetess of some reputation, is a
nativeof New York. Her maiden name was Aiken. She was
married in 1828 to JAMiis Gordon Brooks, (see above,)
and in 1829 a volume of their writings was given to the
world, under the title of The Rivals of Este, [by Mrs.
Brooks,] and other poems. Her Hebrew melodies and
lyrics have been much admired. She is now (1854) a
resident of the city of New York.
Brooks, Nathan Covington, b. 1809, Maryland.
Pres. Baltimore Female College, Historian and Poet.
Scriptural Anthology. History of the Church. Literary
-Amaranth. Collectanea Evangelica. History of the Mexi-
can War. Editor of the American Museum, and contributor
to various leading periodicals, and the able editor of a
valuable series of Greek and Latin Classics.
*' Brooks's Ovid is a highly meritoritms work."
'■The History of the Mexican War is acknowledged to be both
able and impartial."'
Brooks, S. H. City, Town, and Country Architec-
ture. Lon., 1847, fol. Designs for Cottages and Villa
Archilccture, 1840, 4to. Modern Architecture, 1852, fol.
Brooks, Thomas. London's Lamentations, Lon.,
1670, 4to.
Brooks, Thomas. Charges, etc. in the East In-
dies. 1752.
Brooksbank, Joseph. See Brookbank.
Brookshaw, George. Pomona Britannica, Lon.,
1805 : atlas fob, 2 vols. 4tn, 1817. Flower Painting, 1816,
ScQ. Horticultural Repository, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Broom, Herbert. Practical Rules for Determining
Parties to Actions, Digested and Arranged with Cases,
Lon., 1843, Svo.
" A concise and excellent Treatise upon the subject."— J/un'i«'»
Li'gal Bibl.
A Selection of Legal Maxims Classified and Hlustrated,
Lon., 1845, Svo; 3d edit., Phila., 1852, Svo.
'' Maxims are the condensed good sense of nations." — Sir J.^mes
Mackintosh.
" It certainly ought to find a place in the library of every scien-
tific lawyer." — Lon. Legal Obaerver. March 2*2, 1.S45.
" It is .among the few law-books that we can bind and place per-
manently for constant use on the handiest shelf of our book-case."
— Law Magazine, May, 1848.
" The practitioner and the student may each resort to this
work as an ample storehouse of legal elementary principles
and simple fundamental laws." — AmeHcan Law Journal, June.
1852.
Practice of the Superior Courts of Common Law with
Reference to Matters within their Concurrent Jurisdiction,
Lon., 1850, Ac. Practice of the County Courts, 1852,
12mo ; 2d ed., 1857, Svo. Commentaries on the Common
Law, as Introductory to its Study, Lon., 1855, Svo; Amer.
ed.. Phila., 1856, Svo.
"This elementary "work, by the ingenious author of 'Legal
Maxims,' will be found to be of much use to the student in ex-
plaining the present state of the law on many subjects not often
treated in the standard books." — Litw liepm-ter, Oct. 1856.
Broom, Thomas. Female Education, 1791, ]2ino.
Broome, Rev. Arthur. Selections from the Writ-
ings of Fuller and South, with Life and Character of Ful-
ler, Lon., 1815, 12mo. The Duty of Humanity, abridged
from Dr. Primalt, Lon., 1S31, 12mo.
Broome, Captain Ralph. Tracts rel. to W. Hast-
ings, lie.. 1790-96.
Broome, M'illiam. Sermon, 1700, Svo.
Broome, William, d. 1745, a native of Cheshire,
England, was educated at Eton, and at St. John's Ccdiege.
He was for some time rector in Stnrston, in Sufi'olk. In
conjunction with Ozell and Oldisworth, he translated the
Iliad into prose :
"This is the translation of which Ozell boasted as superior, in
Toland'fi opinion, to that of Pope; it has long since v<anished, aud
is now in no danger from the critics." — Dr. .Iohnson.
Pope engaged Fentou and Broome to aid him in the
translation of the Odyssey, and to the share of the latter
fell the 2d. Cth, 8th, 11th, 12th, 16th. ISth. and 23d books,
together with all the notes. To Fenton's lot fell the 1st,
4th, 19th, and 20th. The other 12 books Pope translated
himself. The associates did their work well :
" The readers of poetry have never been able to distinguish
their books from those of Pope."
Broome did not consider himself liberjilly treated by
Pope. It was said, that whilst Fenton received £300 for
four books, Broome had but about £500 for eight books.
The disappointed labourer charged his master with avarice;
and Pope, with that petty spite which was his strongest
characteristic, abused Broome in the Dunciad, and in the
Bathos. Broome's Poems on several Occasions were pub.,
Lon., 1727, Svo. In the Gent. Mag., under the signature
of Chester, will be found some of his translations from
Anacreon. He pub. Two Sermons, 1737, 4to.
253
BRO
" Of Broome, though it cannot be aaid that he was a great poet^
it would be unjust to deny that he was an excellent versifier : his
lines are smooth and sonorous, and his diction is select and ele-
gant."— Johnson's Lives of the Pods.
*' Pope came off clean with Homer; but they say
Broome went before, and kindly swept the way." — TlENlET.
Broster, J. Progress of the Brosteriao System, 1827,
8vo. Removal of Impediments in Speech.
Brothai, F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1671. Observ. of
Missionaries in ITpper Egypt.
Brothers, Richard. Prophecies and Times, Lon.,
17!I4, 8vo. Explan. of the Trinity, 1795. Sto. Other tracts,
17'JS-1S02. See Watt's BiW. Brit. The history of this
madman is well known. Mr. Halhed pub. a numlier of
tracts in his vindication, and Dr, (afterwards Bishop)
Home espoused the other side. See Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Brotherton, Thos. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., l(i:!7.
Brough, Anthony. Com. treatises, 17S6, '89, &c.
Brough, William. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1657,
'60, '72.
Brougham, Henry. Reflections on a book entitled
Genuine Remains of Dr. Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lin-
coln. Lon.. 1694, 4to.
Brougham, Henry, Lord, b. Sept. 177.S, at Edin-
burgh, a descendant of one of the most ancient families
of England, received his education .at the High School
and the University of his native city. He soon became
distinguished for the zeal and success with which he pur-
sued his mathemtltical studies. After leaving the Univer-
sity, he travelled for some time on the Continent, and on
his return practised at the Bar in the city of Edinburgh
until 1807, when he removed to Loudon aud was called
to the Bar hy the society of Lincoln's Inn. Three years
afterwards he entered Parliament for the borough of Ca-
melford and attached himself to the Whig opposition.
In 1816 he represented the borough of Winchelsoa. In
1820 occurred an event which was the means of placing
Mr. Brougham in that commanding position before the
public wiiich he has ever since occu])ied. Caroline of
Brunswick was arr.aigned before the House of Lords as a
crimiual, .and Brougham was retained as her advocate.
The great talent.s of the orator were employed in a cause
calculated to elicit their noblest efforts, and, with a nation
warmly enlisted in favour of his client, it is no marvel that
he became the "popular idol." In 1S30 he came in as
Lord-Chancellor with Earl Grey, and retained his office
about four years. Since th,at period the political life of
his lordship is well known, and, indeed, hardly enters
within the scope of our volume. Lord Brougham has been
an eminent benefactor to the cause of literature and men-
tal progress. In conjunction with Jeffrey, Murray, and
Sydney Smith, ho established in 1802 that most valuable
periodical. The Edinburgh Review, and contributed many
of the best articles in its pages. In 1821 he took a pro-
minent part in the movement originated by Dr. Birkbeck
for natur.ali7.ing the Mechanics' Institutes in England. Of
the Society for the Diffu.sion of Useful Knowledge he w.as
the principal founder, and is author of severiil of the trea-
tises in the series, and of a number of the articles in its
Penny Magazine. When only seventeen, he contributed to
the Trans, of Roy. Soc. a paper on the Refraction and
Reflection of Light. In the following year, 1797, he con-
tributed another paper on the same subject, and, in 1798, a
paper entitled Gener.al Theorems, chiefly Porisms in the
Higher Geometry. In 1803 he pub. at Edinburgh his first
work, in 2 vols. Svo : The Colonial Policy of'the European
Powers. The greater part of this work relates to Ame-
rica, and gives a review of the policy of the Spanish,
English, French, and Coloniiil administrations. Slavery, <tc.
" A Letter to Sir Samuel Romilly upon the Abuse of Public
Charities, 1818. Ten eds. were issued in a few months.
Practical Observations upon the Education of the People,
Lon., 1825, 12mo. Lives of the Men of Letters and
Science who flourished In the Time of George III., 1845-
46, 2 vols. r. Svo.
" Lord Brougham is fitted to digest immense materials into suc-
cinct form, and to add in e.^ch successive year fresh pearls of large
brilliancy and beauty to the chaplet he has already strung of the
statesmen and men of letters ot England."— ion. Xew Quar. Rev.
But see a very different opinion expressed in Brit. Quar.
Review, ii. 197, and in Lon. Quar. Rev., l.\xvi. 62.
"His style is bold and manly, though sometimes strangely care-
less and lounging: but it is always expressive of his mind and
heart, and lliroiiuh the most labyrinthian sentence it is always
easy to fijUnw llie [^.'ntimont and reasoning of the writer."— W. 0.
I'EAi^oiV; N. A/nrrimn Review, Ixi. 3S3.
.Sketches of Statesmen of the Time of Geo. III., 3 vols.
Svo; also in 3 vols.. 1839-43. r. Svo; and in 6 vols. ISmo.
Palcy's Niitnr.al Thcologv. edited by Lord Brougham and
Sir Chas. Bell, 4 vols, p.' Svo.
•25i
BRO
"These are among the best of Lord Brougham's writings, and
v:e M-e satisfied will be cherished as valuable contributions to the
literature of his country, ages after the names and the works of
many of his enemies are forgotten." — Lon. Ecmwmist.
Political Philcsophy, 1840-44, 3 vols. Svo.
" We close these volumes with gratitude to the author for much
amusement, iiifiaiiiation. and instruction, with respect for his
learning, anil witli a.hniiation for his genius. . . . Wehaveagreed
in opinion with L"id Brougham much oftener than we have dis-
agreed."— Etiin. Rev.
Opinions on Politics, Theology, Law, i-c, 1837, p. Svo.
" Of course, there is much to admire, much to agree with, and
much to dissent from, as the minds of other men are constituted.
Altogether, however, the volume is a proud testimony to humitn
intellect." — Lon. Lit. Gas.
Speech on the Laws, Svo. Selections from his Speeches
and Writings, 1832, Svo. Speeches at the Bar and in
Parliament; new ed., 1843. 4 vols. Svo.
"This is a work which ought to he possessed by every free-
minded man in the British Empire who can aflurd to add any
books at all to his literary stores. The smaller the collection, so
much more valuable will be such an additfon to it; for it discusses
almost all the political, legal, and ecouomical questions, the nearest
to ' men's business and bosoms,' that have arisen and been mooted
within the last forty years." — Edin. Rev.
'• Volumes more brilliant for wit or interest, more remarkable
as showing the astonishing mental powers and labours of the
author, have hardly appeared, in our day, at least." — Brit. UTld
For. Rev.
Preliminary Treatise to Natural Philosophy, in a Collec-
tion of Original Treatises on the Various Branches of Phy-
sical Science, i vols. Svo. Lord B.'s Preliminary Treatise is
entitled The Objects, Advantages, and Pleasures of Science.
" There is no second m.an in the kingdom who could with such
admirable art have analyzed as it were bis mental wealth, and
sent it forth in a form at once the simplest, the most convenient,
and the most ready of access that it was possible to contrive." —
Lon. Mtmthly Review.
Essays on the British Constitution, 1844, Svo. Decisions
in Chancery, 1833-35, vol. i.. r. Svo. Discourse on Natural
Theology : new ed., 2 vols. p. Svo. Letter to Lord Lans-
downe on the French Revolution, 1S4S, Svo. Dialogues
on Instinct; new ed., 1849, ISmo. Allwrt Lunel; or. The
Chateau of Languedoc, 1844, 3 vols. p. Svo.
*' This novel was suppressed on the eve of publication, and it is
said not above five copies are extant." — Lowndes.
This work is ascribed to another hand. See Lon. Athen.,
May 29, 1858, 1596.
Contrib. to Roy. Soc. Experiments and Observations on
the Properties of Light, 1850-52-53. In conjunction with
E. J. Routh, An Analytical View of Sir Isaac Newton's
Principia, 1855.
Works of Henry, Lord Brougham, F.R.S., Mem. Nat.
Inst. France, and of Roy. Acad, of Naples. A new and
complete edition, prepared under the superintendence of
his lordship. 1. Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous
Works, 1857, 10 vols. p. Svo. Vol. i., Lives of Philosophers
of the Time of George III., comprising Black, Watt,
Priestley, Cavendish, D.avy, Simson, Adam Smith, La-
voisier, Banks, and D'Alembert. Vol ii.. Lives of Men of
Letters of the Time of Geo. III., comprising Voltaire,
Rousseau, Hume, Robertson, Johnson, .and Gibbon. Vols,
iii., iv., v.. Sketches of Eminent Statesmen of the Reign of
Geo. III. ; new ed., enlarged by numerous fresh sketches
and other additional matter. Vol. vi., Natural Theology,
comprising a Discourse of Natural Theology, Dialogues
on Instinct, and Dissertations on the Structure of the
Cells of Bees and mi Fossil Osteology. Revised. Vol. vii..
Rhetorical and Literary Dissertations and Addresses, com-
prising Discourses of Ancient Eloquence, .ic. Vol. viii.,
Historical and Political Dissertations contributed to va-
rious Periodicals. Vols, ix., x.. Speeches on Social and
Political Subjects, with Historical Introductions.
" Not only will a large part of his productions be now brought
together for the first time, but the entire series has been newly
revised and very extensive and important additions have been
made in every department. Many of the biographies are sketches
from personal knowledge of the great men with whom he h.as
lived ; many of the speeches must always be ranked with the very
finest specimens of English eloquence ; many of the treatises and
articles are essential to a full understanding of the social and po-
litical history of the age in which he has been so prominent an
actor; and, though he must often carry us here into debatable
questions, the liquid lava has cooled with time, and we may tread
with the calmness of philosophic inquirers the groimd which was
once alive with the heat and passions of the hour." — Lon. Quar.
Review. See Ediu. Rev., April, 1858.
2. Contributions to the Edinburgh Review : Political,
Historical, and MiscelLaneous, 1857, 3 vols. Svo. The
articles are comprised under Rhetorical, Historical, Foreign
Policy, Constitutional Questions, Political Economy and
Finance, Commercial Law, Physical Science, Miscella-
neous. See reviews in Edin. Rev. and Dubl. Univ. Mag.
" Certainement parmi les modernes le meiUeur iuterprfete de
Demosth&ne." — Journal des Siivants.
BRO
BRO
3. Paley's Natural Theology, with Notes and Disserta-
tions by Lord Brougham and Sir Charles Bell, 1857, 3 vols,
sm. Svo.
Brougham, John. Sermons. Lon., 1S13, 2 vols. Svo.
Brougham^ John, b. May 9. 1S14, Dublin, Ireland; a
distinguished c<,)mediau. Irish Sturies, iVIisccUauies, &c.,
N.Y., 3 vols. 12mo. Mr. Brougham is the author of one
hundred and fourteen dramatic ]>icoes. comedies, farces,
(fee. Among his dramatic works the jirincipal are the
Comedies of The fiame of Life, The Uame of Love, Ro-
mance and Reality, and All's Fair in Love, and the
burlesques of Po-co-hon-tas, Mctamora, Columbus, &.e.
Edited The Litntern, a humorous paper pub. in N. York.
Contributed extensively to various maga/ines. For biog.
notice, see Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie's Sketch prefixed to
the first vol. of Mr. B.'s plays, pub. in N. York, ISofi.
Broushton. On the great Apostacy from Christianity,
with its evil iiitlueiue (m the Civil State, 1718, Svo.
Broiiijhloii, Arthur, M.D. Profess, and Botanical
works, Lon., 1TS2-1IL
Broughton, Brian. Views of N.Wales, Lon., 179S,fol.
Brou^hton, Charles. Theory of Numbers, 1S14, -tto.
Brouglitou, Mrs. Eliza. Six Years' Residence in
Algiers, 1839. p. Svo.
'"The viviu'ity. miinite description, and kindly feeling every-
where app.ii'ent in this bonk, render it hi;^hly attractive." — Chavi-
her-^^s C'/dop(E'h'a of Eng Lit.
Broughton, Hugh, 1549-1612, celebrated for his pro-
ficiency in Hebrew and rabbinical lenrning. was a native
of Oldbury, iu the county of Salop. The celebrated Ber-
nard Gilpin met a poor boy travelling on the Oxford road.
He was surprised at his scholarship, had him instructed
in his Houghton school, and in due time sent him to Cam-
bridge, where he became Fellow of Christ College. This
was the far-famed Hugh Broughton. Leaving college,
and est^iblished in London as a preacher, he soon became
noted. He still pursued his studies with such diligence
as ft-equently to spend 16 hours out of the 24 at his books.
We notice his principal works: A Concent of Scriptures,
loSS. Tins work occupied the author several years; there-
fore he called it his little book of great pains. It treats
of Scripture chronology and genealogy. It contains spe-
cimens by W. Rogers of the earliest copperplate engrav-
ing in England. Reprinted, 1620. See notice of a copy
on vellum in Dibdin's Bibliomania, and in Lowndes's Bib.
JIannal, where will be found a list of Brought'iii's works.
A Treatise of Melchisedcck, proving him to be 8em, Lon.,
1591, 4to. An Explication of the Article of Christ's De-
scent into Hell. lo99, 4to. This led to much controversy,
in which Archbishop "Whitgift and Bishop Bilson took
part. Broughton, in pursuing the subject, addressed An
Oration to tlic (Jeneveans, which was first pub. in Greek at
Mentz by Albinus, 1601, Svo. In this ho treats Beza with
great severity. Exposition of Daniel. 1597. 4to. On Ec-
clesiastcs, itc, 1609, 4to. Commentaries on Daniel, Ha-
n.au, 1607, 4to ; the same in English, Eas, 1599, fol. The
Translations of Jeremiah, 1608, 4to. Defence of a Con-
cent of Scripture, 1609. 4to. Trans, of .lob, 1610, 4to.
Explanation of the Holy Apocalypse, 1610, 4to. Obser-
■^ations upon the first Ten Fathers, 1612, 4to, The cele-
brated Doctor Lightioot pub. a collection of his works in
1662. f.d.. under the following title. The Works of the great
Albinncan Divine, renowned in many nations for rare skill
in Salem's and Athen's Tongues, and familiar acquaint-
ance with all Rabbinical learning, Mr. Hugh Broughton.
The eulogy of the editor is most enthusiastic, and it is the
praise of a master in Israel. Broughton, who played with
Greek and Hebrew as a poet toys with the most fnmiliar
rhymes, trans, the Prophetical writings into Greek, and
the Apocalypse into Hebrew. He was anxious to trans-
late the whole of the N. Testament into Hebrew, believ-
ing that it would have forwarded the conversion of the
Jews. He relates that a learned rabbi with whom he con-
versed, once said to him :
" Oh that you would set over .all your New Testament into such
Hebrew as you speak to me! you should turn all our nation."
It cannot be said that Broughton enjoyed a tranquil life ;
but Mr. Whitaker thinks his troubles were self-imposed:
" He was a writer of great ambitioo, vanity, and dogmatism,
and as such was ridicult'd more than once on the stage by Ben
Jonson. It was his niisfurtune to offend both the High Cliurch
and the Calvinist party ; but it must be confessed that all thL' evila
nf which lie complaiued were brought on himself." — Kev. J. W.
■W'UITAKFR.
Doubtless Mr. William Gilpin's unfavourable character
of our author, in the Life of Bernard Gilpin, has led many
to coincide with Mr. Whitaker's opinion: but Dr. Light-
foot's estimate is very different; and it has been well said
that
" Lii^htfoot lived nearer the lime of Broughton than that gen-
tleman; he had his information cnnceruin',' him from those who
were personally known to him: and must. thi.'refnre. be presumed
to have had better opportunities of being acquainted with his real
character." — BtOfj. Brit.
As to Ben Jonson's ridiculing him in his plays, that
proves nothing more than that Broughton was extensively
known, and had some peculiarities which made him a good
subject for "Rare Ben." We need not remind the classi-
cal reader that some of the greatest sages of anticpiity
were impressed into the service of the drama against their
own will. Dr. Lightfoot remarks,
''Some by the mere excitation of his books have set to the study
of the Hebrew tongue ajid come to a very great measure of know-
ledge iu it; nay. a woman might be named that hath Uojie it." —
JPn-face to Broughton' s Worhs, 1662, ful.
See Life of Bernard Gilpin ; Biog. Brit, j Strype's Whit-
gift ; Atli.n. Oxiin., Bliss's edit.
Brousihton, John. Psychologia, or an Account of
the Nature of a Katioual Soul, Lon., 1703, Svo. Sermons,
1707-22.
Urougrhton, Richard, d. 1634, a Roman Catholic
ecclesiastical historian, a native of Great Stukeley in Hunt-
ingdonshire, was educated at Oxford and Rheims. Ho
took priest's orders in 1593, and was sent to England as a
missionary. Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, de-
duced by Ages or Centuries, Douay, 1633, fol.
'•Tho' 'tis a rhapsody, and a thing not well digested, yet there
is a good deal of reading shew'd in it. 'Tis said in the title to be
the first tome, as if another was to follow." — Ant. Wood.
A True Memorial of the Ancient, most holy and reli-
gious State of Great Britain, &c. in the time of the Bri-
tons and primitive Church of the Saxons. Monastlcon
Britannicum ; or a historical! Narration of the first Found-
ing and flourishing State of the ancient Monasteries, reli-
gious Rules and Orders of Great Brittaine in the Tymes
of the Brittaines and primitive Church of the Saxons,
Lon., 1655, Svo.
" A small book of undigested tales printed a dozen years after
the death of the author, by some of his friends : so that it is pro-
bahle we have it much more imperfect than he intended: and in
such an unfinished condition as the mistaken kindness of execu-
tnis ton freiiuently sends things abroad.'" — Bisht^ Kicvlson's Eng.
Hist. Library.
Antiquity of the word Sterlingorum, or Stirling. See
Hearne's Collections, vol. ii., p. 318, 1771. Account of
Forests in England, ib.. p. 381.
Krou^hton, Kowlaiidc. A Briefe Discourse of the
Lyfe and Death of the late Right High and Honourable
Sir William Pawlett, Lon., 1572, Svo; reprinted at the
Lee Priory press. Kent, 1818, Svo, with portrait.
Broujihton, Samuel Daniel, 17S7-1S37, an Eng-
lish surgcnn. Royal Army, accompanied his regiment to
Portugal, and embodied his observations in the journey
from Lisbon to the south of France in a very interesting
volume entitled Letters from Portugal. Spain, and France,
written during the Campaigns of 1812, '13, '14, '15. Svo.
He assisted Sir Benjamin C. Brodie in his experiments
upon poisons: see Phil. Trans.
Broughton, Thomas. Christian Soldier, 1737. Svo.
Broiiijhton, Thomas, 1704-1774, a native of Lon-
don, was sent to Eton, from whence he removed in 1722
to Gonville and Cnius College, Cambridge. He was or-
dained deacon, 1727: priest, 1728; Rector of Stepington,
Huntingdonshire, 1739; Vicar of Bcdminster near Bristol,
1774. to which was added a prebend in Salisbury Cathe-
dral. He was one of the original writers of the Biogra-
phia Britannica. We notice his principal works : An
Answer to Toland's Christianity as old as Creation. Trans,
of Voltaire's Temple of Tast'e. An edition of Jarvis's
Don Quixote. Poems and trans, of Dryden, 2 vols. Her
eules ; a Musical Drama. Bibliotheca Historico-Sacra
an Hist. Diet, of all Religions, Lon., 1737-39, 2 vols. ful. ;
1776; trans, iu to German. Bishop Tomliiie recommends
this work.
'■ lirnughton is in some respects a weak and credulous writer,
and. inspired with an ardent zeal for orthodoxy and against
schism, readily admits every charge against the heretics exhibited
against them by the Fathers, who frequently condemned them on
mere report." — Lowndes.
^ A Prospect of Futurity, 1768, Svo. Sermons, 1745. '52,
*79. Mr. B. made some trans, from Addison's Travels.
Trans, the Mottos of The Spectator, Guardian, and Free-
holder, and some classical pieces. Bishop Sherlock had a
very high opinion of Broughton's merits.
BrouEThton, Thomas. Letters written in a Mah-
ratta Camp in lSn9. Lon., 1813, 4to.
I "This is a lively, entertaining, and well-written book, and we
can conscientiously recommend it to our readers."— R/m. i?a!(ciw.
'•A work containing both instruction and amusement, but
written in a very diffuse sty \e."~ London Quarterly Rwirw.
255
BRO
Selections of the Popular Poetry of the Hindoos, trans.
1814, 8vo.
Broughton, VViHiam. Sermon, 1726, 8vo.
Broughtou, William Robert. A Voyage of Dis-
covery to the North Pacilic Ocean in the Years 1795, '96,
97, '98, Lon., 1801, 4to.
Brouu, Joannes, a Scotchman. Tractatus ile Causa
Dei Contra Anti-Sahbatarios. Rotterd., 1674-76, 2 vols.
4to. He pub. another work in Latin against Wolzogen
and Velthusii, Amst., 1670, 12mo.
Broun, William. luipicty and Superstition Ex-
posed; a Poem, Edin., 1710, 4to.
Brouncker, William, Viscount, of Castle Lyons,
in Ireland, b. about 1620, d. 1684, created Doctor of Physio
at Oxford in 1646, w.as eminent for his proficiency in the
Mathematics. lie contributed some mathemat. papers to
Phil. Triins., 1673, and pub. in 1653 (anon.) a trans, of Des
Cartes' Musical Compendium, 4to.
" Enriched with observations nhii-h show that he w.is deeply
skilled in the theory of the Science of Music."— iV'. Ilr,t.
Browell, James. Account of Navies, Lon., 1799, 4to.
Brown. Observ. on King Charles I.'s Letters, Lon.,
164.1, 4to.
BrOAVn. Duty of H. Constables of Hundreds, Lon.,1677.
Brown. Remons. to Pailiament, KiSfl. fol.
Brown. Carpenter's Joynt Rule, 10S4, 8vo.
Brown. Letters to a Friend, 1690, fol.
Brown and Jackson. Calculator, 1815, 8vo.
Brown, Miss. Hist. Recreations, Lon., 1849, ISmo.
'■ .\ very nice little work for the recreation and instruction ol
students in History." — Onirt Journal.
Brown, Alexander. Appendix to the Art of Paint-
ing, Lon., 1675.
Brown, Alexander C. Colony Commerce, 1792.
Brown, Andrew. Con. to Edin. Mod. Ess., 1736.
Brown, Andrew. History of Glasgow, and of Pais-
ley. Greenock, and Port-Glasgow, Glasg., 1795; Edin.,
1707, 2 vols. 8vo.
Brown, Anna S., daughter of Townsend Sharpless,
a well-known philanthropist of Philadelphia. Stories for
Alice, [in rhyme,] 1854, 12mo.
Brown, Anthony. Laws of Antigua, Lon.. 1806.
Brown, Sir Anthony. See B.icoN, Sir Nicholas.
Brown, Charles. Med. Treatises, Lon., 1798, '99.
Brown, Charles Armitage. Shakespeare's Auto-
biographical Poems, being his Sonnets clearly Developed,
Ac., p. Svo.
" In closing this volume and recommending it strongly to the
reader's perusal, we are fain to jidd to our many e.xpressions of
satisfaction the assurance that we shall look to any future pro.
duction of the same pen with high interest." — Diihlin Review.
Brown, Charles Brockden, 1771-1810, a native of
Philadelphia, descended from ancestors who emigrated to
Pennsylvania in the same ship which carried William Penn
to his new colony, earned considerable distinction by the
authorship of a number of novels of the Radclitfe or Godwin
school. Wieland, or The Transformation, was pub. in 1798;
in Lon., ISll. Ormond, or The Secret Witness, appeared
in 1799; in Lon., ISll. This novel was not so successful
as its predecessor. Arthur Mervyn, his next production,
gives a graphic picture of the ravages of the yellow fever
in Philadelphia. It was rcpub. in London in 1803. This
was followed by Edgar Huntly, or The Memoirs of a Sleep-
walker, 1801 ; rcpub. in L*mdon in 1S04. In this work
the author has incorporated portions of his first and un-
published novel. — Sky-Walk, or The Man Unknown to
Himself. Clar.i Howard appcareil in 1801, (rcpub. in Lon-
don in 1806 under the title of Philip Stanley,) and Jane
Talbot in the same year. The last two are considered
much inferior to his earlier productions. An unfinished
novel — Memoir of Carwin, the Biloquist, (the germ of
Wieland.) — will he found in Dunlap's Life and Selections
from the Works of Brown, 1S15, vol. ii. 200-201. Mr.
Brown pub. (1803-09) a number of political pamphlets,
I>repared with more care than is usually given to produc-
tions of an ephemeral character, and contributed many
articles to The Columbus Magazine, The Weekly Magazine,
&.C. In 1799 be commenced the publication of The Monthly
Magazine and American Review, which lived about a year
only. In 1803 ho made another attempt to establish a
periodical, and The Literary Magazine and American Re-
gister— to which he was the principal contributor — was
sustained for five years, (S vols. Svo.) The American Re-
gister— another project of his, commenced in 1807 — was
pub. in semi-annual volumes (7 in all) until his death in
ISIO. He made a translation of his friend Volney's Travels
in the United States, 1804; wrote a Memoir of the Rev.
256
BRO
Dr. John Blair Linn, (whose sister ho married in 1804,)
prefixed to Valerian, 1805 : pub. Memoirs of Stephen Cal-
vert ; and editeil, with Life, C. H. Wilson's Beauties of
Tom Brown, Lon., 1810, 12mo.
That Mr. Brown possessed a mind of remarkably inven-
tive powers, and enjoyed an uncommon facility of graphic
composition, no one perhaps will deny who has read the
most indifierent of his novels. His faults are equally con-
spicuous, and among these has been reckoned an extrava-
gant departure from the realities of every-day life; but
from this charge Dr. Griswold relievos him :
" It has been said that he outr.aged the laws of art by gross Im-
probabilities and inconsistencies, but the most incredible of bis in-
cidents had parallels in true history, and the metaphysical unity
and consistency of his novels are apparent te all readers famili.ir
with psychological phenomena. His works, generally written with
great ra'pidity. are incomplnte, and deficient in method. He dis-
regarded rules and cared little for criticism. But his style was
clear and nervous, with little ornament, free of affectations, and
indicated a singular sincerity and depth of feeling." — Gri.'nvdd's
Prose Writers r,f America: {.v.foran interesting review of Brown's
literary labours.
For some years after his death, his novels seem to have
been almost forgotten. Mr. Verplanck complained in 1819,
" He is very far from being a popular writer. There is no call,
as far as we know, for a second edition of any of his works. He is
rarely spoken of but by those who have an habitual curiosity about
every thing literary, and a becoming pride in all good writing
which appears amongst ourselves. They have not met with the
usual success of leaders in matters of taste, since, with all their
admiration, they have not been able to extend his celebrity much
beyond themselves." — N. American Feririr. ix. 64.
Eight years after the above was written, an edition of
the novels appeared in Boston, in 7 vols. It is well known
that Godwin, the Sir Hildebrfind Horrible of the English
novelists, warmly admired Brown, and acknowledged his
obligations to him. Brown in his turn admired, and ap-
pears to have imitated, portions of Caleb Williams.
" His talent for stirring the expectation of the reader, and keep-
ing his anxiety alive from first to Last, throughout some hazardous
encounter, or mysterious event, can scarcely be paralleled in the
history of fiction. . . . Upon the whole, this author may be con-
sidered .as one of the best writers of romantic narrative (we give
up character) that the present .age has produced. There is scarcely
any one. indeed, who is so eloquent as he oftentimes is: and not
one who can excite such breathless apprehension, or so sublime a
solitary fact. The only incidents that can be compared to Brown
are. — the scene under the cliffs in the .\nti4uary, and that between
the two ladies and the panthers in the Pioneers." — Vol. ix. 317,1824.
New ed., Phila., 1857, C vols. 12mo. See also Brown's
Life prefixed to his novels, ed. 1827, by Wm. Dunlap ;
Life, by Win. II. Prescott, in Spark's Amer. Biog., 1st Ser.,
1834, 117-180, — reprinted in Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855,
1-56 ; Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 151 ; Lon. Rctrosp. Rev. ;
Amer. Quar. Rev., viii. 312; Amer. Whig Rev., vii. 260;
U.S. Lit. Gaz., vi. 321.
Brown,David. Works on H.and Writing, 1622, '38, 4to.
Brown, David, d. 1812, educated at Magdalen Col-
lege, Cambridge ; Chaplain to the East India Company,
1794; Provost of the College of Fort William, 1800.
Memorial Sketches of, with a selection of his Sermons
preached at Calcutta, Lon., 1816, Svo: edited by the Rev.
Charles Simeon.
" His sermons breathe the true spirit of a Christian Minister;
they state in very forcible terms the fundamental doctrines of our
holy reli'^ion: and they are admirably adapted to stir up in the
minds of .all who read 'them, an ardent love to our Saviour, and a
holy zeal in his service."— Rev. Cdarles .Simeon.
Brown, David. Christ's Second Coming: Will it be
Pre-Millennial? 2d ed. 1847, p. 8vo.
'•A noble defence of precious truth, comprehending a whole li-
brary of reading, and which, we think, will be the death-blow of
the millennian theory." — Free fVntrch Maej.
"Mr. Brown has argumentatively destroyed pre-millennialism,
root and branch." — Wdchmaii.
Brown, David, d. 1829, aNorth American (Cherokee)
Indian, assisted John Arch in preparing the Cherokee Spell-
ing Book, and wrote in 1825 a Letter giving some account
of the Chcrokees.
Brown, David Paul, b, in Philadelphia, 1795, ad-
mitted to the Bar, 1816, contributed in early life to peri-
odical literature ; wrote Sertorius, or The Roman Patriot,
a Tragedy, and The Prophet of St. Paul's, a Melo-Drama,
in 1830, (both performed and published;) subsequently
composed The Trial ; a Tragedy, ami Love and Honour, a
Farce; and, in 1856, pub. The Forum, or Forty Years'
Full Practice at the Philadelphia Bar, 2 vols. Svo. Ex-
cellent. See Livingston's Biographies ; Reese's Dramatic
Authors of America ; Walsh's Amer. Quar. Rev. ; Chris.
Review, Jidy, 185.8; South. Lit. Mess,, July, 1858, Two
vols, more of The Forum, and four vols, of Mr. Brown's
Speeches, are announced to be published in January, 1859.
Brown, Edward, Rector of Sundridge, Kent. Fas-
ciculus Rerum expcteudarum et fugiendarum prout ab Or-
BRO
BRO
thuino Gratio etlitus, Londini, 2 vols. fol. ; first pub. at
Cologne in 1585, bj Orthuinus Gratius. The tracts relate
to the Council of Basil, early reformers, and the errors of
the Church of Rome. Trans, into English of Father Paul's
Letters, with preface. , Lnn., 1693, 8vo.
Brown, Edward. Descrip. of an Annual World, Ac,
1641. Svn. Warning Piece for England. 1643, 4to.
Brown, Edward, Rector of Lan<;lev, Kent. Sermons,
1699. 4to.
Brown, Edward. Travels and Adventures of Ed-
ward Bruwn, formerly a Merchant in London, Lon., 1739,
8vo. Written l»y John Campbell, LL.D.
Brown, Frances, b. 1816, is a native of Stranorlar,
county of Donegal, Ireland, where she is known by the
name of " The IJlind Poetess of Ulster.*' Lyrics, and Mis-
cellaneous Poems, Lon., 1847, 12mo. The Star of Attegbei,
and other Poems, Lon., 1844, 12mo, Her poems are much
admired.
''The bard feathers dig;nity from the darkness amid which she
sings, as the darkness itself is lightened by the song.'' — Ptcfaxx. to
vol. pub. in 1S44.
Brown, Francis, D.D.. 1784-1S20, President of Dart-
mouth College, a native of New Hampshire, pub. several
sermons, 1810-14.
Brown, George. Arithmeticnl Treatises. 1700-18.
Brown, Goold, 1791-1S57, an American grammarian.
1. Institutes of English Grammar, IS". York, 1823, '^2, '46,
12mo. 2. First Lines of English Grammar, 1823, '27, 18mo;
1844, 12mo. 3. Grammar of English Grammars, N.York,
1S5U-51, 8voj 2d ed., 1857, 8vo, pp. 1070. Prefixed to
this work is a valuable Digested Catalogue of English
Grammars and Grammarians, &e. Other grammatical
treatises : vide supra.
Brown, Henry. Trans, from the Greek of Justin
Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, 1753, 2 vols. 8to.
Brown, Henry. History of Illinois, New Y'ork,
1844, 8vo.
Brown, Hn^h. Principles of Gunnery, Lon., 1777, 4to.
Brown, Humphrey. The Ox muzzled or Ox-ford
dried, or a Vindication of the Churches Rights against her
Sacrilegious Enemies, Lon., 1649, 4to.
Brown, Isaac Baker, Surgeon Accoucheur to St.
Mary's Hospital, London. Treatment of Soarlntina, Lon.,
1846, p. 8vo. On some Diseases of AVomeii iidmitting of
Surgical Treatment, 1854, Svo.
Brown, J, Mathemat. Tables ; 2d ed., ISOS, 8to.
BroAvn, J. H. Elements of English Grammar: see
Gengembre, p. AV.
Brown, J. Newton, born in New London,Conn., 1803;
grad. Hamilton Lit. andTheol. Inst., (now Madison Univ.,)
June, 1823. Life and Times of Menno, 18mo, pp. 72, 1853.
Baptismal Balance, ISmo, pp. 72, 1853. Baptist Church
Manual, ISmo, pp. 26, 1853. Obligation of the Sabbath,
(ADiscussion with W.B.Taylor.) ISmo, pp. 300, 1S53. En-
cyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Boston, 1835. Apoca-
lypse, a Poem, 1836. Emily and other Poems, pp. 276, 1840.
Practical Works of John Bunyan, 8 vols. 12mo, 1852 j
with about 150 smaller books, as Editorial Secretary of the
Amer. Bap. Pub. Soc. for the last four years. He is now
(1858) writing a new History of the Church from a strictly
Christian point of view, aiming to unfold its evangelical
constitution and spirit impartially through all ages.
BroAvn, James. Scripture" Redemption, Lon., 1673.
Brown, James, 1709-1787, originated The Directory,
or List of Principal Traders in London, first pub. in 1782.
He consigned the project to Kent, the printer, who made
a fortune by the annual publication of a similar volume.
Brown pub. (anon.) Orations of Isocrates.
Brown, James, Vicar of Kingston near Taunton,
Somersetshire. Funeral Sermon, 1756, Svo.
Brown, James. The Frolic; a Play, 1783, Svo.
Brown, James, Miss'y in the Province of Georgia.
The Restitution of all Things, 1785, Svo. Civil Govern-
ment. 1792, Svo.
Brown, James, D.D., of Barnwell, Northampton-
shire. An attempt towards an Explanation of the Book
of Revelation, &c., Lon., 1812, Svo.
Brown, James. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc, 1817,
BroAVn, James. The Forester; being a Practical
Treatise on the Formation, Draining, and Fencing of
Plantations; the Planting, Rearing, and Management of
Forest Trees; the Cutting and Preparation of Wood for
Sale; with an Improved Process for the Transplantation
of Trees of large size. A new edition, greatly enlarged,
with 109 Hlustrations engraved on wood, demy Svo.
*' Beyond all doiil»t this is the best work on the subject of Fo-
restry extant" — Gardaiers' JonrnaL
17
"We can refer to this vohime as toe book to be recommended."
— Li}idlei/''s Ganlfiier's Journal.
Brown, James. Grammatical works, Bost., Salem,
and Phila., 1815-41. See Goold Brown's Grammar of
Grammars, Cat., xiii.
Brown, James B. Views of Canada and the Colonists.
''Tlie intellificuce conveyed is not only abundant, but of great
value." — Church and Stnt<: Oazette.
Brown, James Baldwin, LL.D.,17S1-1S43. Mem.
of Juhu Howard, 4to. Studies of First Principles; with a
Preface by the Kev. Thomas Binney, 12mo.
''A valiiublr f'^ntrilmtiun to our higher popular religious library,
and ill! iii'Linti ~t:ili|i' evidence that the author has a dignitied, en-
larfi'-il, itiid I I.I 11 ■, t appreciation of the Christian economy and life.'"
Other works, Historical, Biographical, and PoeticaL
See Bibl. Brit.
BroAvn, or Browne, John, Surgeon at St. Thomas's
Hospital, London. A Complete Treatise of the Muscles,
as they apjiear in the Human Body, and arise in Dissec-
tion. Illustrated with Copperplates. Lon., 1671, '81, '98,
fol. Comj>lete Description of Wounds, both general and
practical, 1078. 4to. Other profess, treatises, 1678-171)3.
Brown, John, B.D., a native of Rothbury, in Nor-
thumberland, was educated at St. John's College, Cam-
bridge ; obtained the living of Great Horkesley, Essex,
1754; Vicar of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, about 1758; com-
mitted suicide, when insane, 1766. Honour, a Poem. Essay
on Satire. Two Sermons, 1740. 4to. A Sermon on Gam-
ing, &c., preached at Bath, Ai)ril 22, 1750. In consequence
of this sermon, the public gambling tables at Bath were
suppressed by the magistracy. Essays on Shaftesbury's
Characteristics, Lon., 1751, Svo : suggested to Brown by
AVarburton, and to Warburton by Pupe, who told Warbur-
tou that to his knowledge the Characteristics had done
more harm to revealed religion in England than all the
other works of infidelity put together. The Essays were
so popular that a 5th edit, was pub. in 1764. A Defence
of Pitt. Letter to Dr. Lowth, 1760, Svo. Diss, on Poetry
and Musick, 1703, 4to. Brown pub. a number of other
theological and literary works, 1754-66, but the only one
which gave him great reputation was An Estimate of the
Manners and Principles of the Times, Lon., 1757, Svo.
This proved to be one of the most popular treatises ever
pub. in the language; no less than seven editions being
called for in little more than a year from its appearance.
A second vol. was pub. in 1758, and an edition in 3 parts,
with au explanatory Defence of it, 1760-61.
"It was perhaps as extravagantly applauded, and as extrava-
gantly censured, as any book that was ever written. The design
of it was to show that "a vain, luxurious, and selfish effeminacy,
in the higher ranks of life," marked the character of the age, aiid
to point out the effects and sources of this effemioacy. And it
must be owned, that, in the prosi^cution of if, the author has given
abundant proofs of great discernment and solidity of judgment, a
deep insight into human nature, and extensive knowledL'c of the
world; and that he has marked the peculiar features of the time
with great justice and accuracy."
He committed suicide, Sept. 23, 1766, in his 51st year.
Brown, John, 1722-1787, a native of Carpow, county
of Perth, Scotland, a schoolmaster and divine at Hadding-
ton, attained great distinction by his knowledge of lan-
guages, acquired by his own industry, without the aid of
teachers. He was acquainted with Latin, Greek, Hebrew,
Persian, Syriac, Ethiopic. Arabic, French, Italian, and
German. Two Short Catechisms, Edin., 1764 ; Glasg.,1777,
12mo. The Christian's Journal, Edin., 1765. Dictionary
of the Holy Bible on the plan of Calmet, Lon., 1769, 2
vols. Svo; often reprinted.
'*A useful rather than a profound work; and has contributed
very considerably to disseminato religious information in this
country. As it was intended chiefly for common readers, the au-
thor, though a man of learning, and very genera] information, pur-
posely avoided a display of learning." — ^(>rme.
'■ Allowances being made for some of his sentiments, his work
may be advantageously substituted for Calmet's, the price of
which necessarily places it above the reach of many persons "—
IIORNE.
" A very valuable body of information on divinity." — Bicker-
STETH.
Self- Interpreting Bible, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Simply
an edition of the Scriptures, with many marginal refer-
ences, short notes, and reflections.
" An admirable book, either for ministers or families."
A new edit, by Rev. John Barr, with the assistance of
the author's son and grandson, was recently pub. by Blackio
& Son, Glasgow, and in Lon. in 1833. A General History
of the Christian Church to the present Times, Edin., 1771
2 vols. 12mo. A very useful compendium, somewhat on
the plan of Mosheim or Lampe. Other theological works.
Brown, John, d. 1679, of the Scotch Church, Rot-
terdam. Christ the Way, the Truth, and the Life, Rett.,
BRO
BRO
1677, 12rao. Quakerism the Pathway to Paganism, in an-
swer to K. Barclay's Apology, Edin., 1678, 4to. An Ex-
planation of the Epistle to the Romans, Edin., 1679, 4to.
•'The author was a Calvinist of the old school, a man of learn-
ing, piety, and good sense. The work is heavy, but valuable;
chiefly as a doctrinal and practical exposition." — Orme.
Brown, John, D.D., b. 17S5, Whitburn, Linlithgow-
eh ire, iScnior Minister of the United Preshy. Congr.,
Broughtou Place, Edin., Prof, of Theology, &€., grandson
of John Brown of Haddington, has pub. a number of
theological works, 1821-52. We notice a few. Expository
Discourses on the First Epistle to the Romans; 2d ed.,
Edin., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. Discourses and Sayings of our
Lord Jesus Christ; 2d ed., Edin., 1852, 3 vols. Svo.
"These volumes add fresh lustre to Dr. Brown's well-deserved
reputntifFD as a Biblical scholar and practical theologian. They
bear the impress of keen critical sagacity, of calm, comprehensive,
and independent judgment, of extensive research, of sound exe-
getical principles, and of the most devout and loving reverence
for Ilim whose * Sayings' they illustrate. They are exquisite and
exhaustive expositions of the words of our Lord." — Ei:lettii: Rev.
" A noble work." — Fret Church Magazine.
" One of the most valuable expository works in our language."
— Baptist Magazine.
An Exposition of our Lord's Intercessory Prayer, Edin.,
1850. Svo. Discourses suited to the Administration of the
Lord's Supper, Edin., 1823, 12m,o. Highly commended.
The Resurrection of Life, Edin., 1852, 8vo. Expository
Lectures on the First Epistle of Peter, 2d ed., 1849, Svo.
Of this work, the North British Review says:
" It is neither Scottish nor fierman, but sprung from the high
and rare union of the best qualities of both schools in a single
mind. It has the Scottish clearness, precision, orthodoxy, practi-
cality; the German learning, minuteness of investigation, and
disregard of tradition ; and for certain qualities too rare in both —
resolute adherence to the very truth of the passage — unforced de-
velopment of the connection, and basing of edification on the right
meaning of the Scripture, we have not met with any thing in either
country that surpasses it."
The Sufferings and Glories of the Messiah, 1853, Svo. Ex-
position of the Epistle of Paul to the Galatiang, 1853, Svo.
Brown, John. Chcm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722, '24.
Brown, John. Sermon, 1758, Svo. On Baptism,
1764, Svo.
Brown, John. The Psalms in Metre, 1775, 8vo. The
Bible, with Notes, Edin., 1778, 2 vols. 4to.
Browu, John, M.D.. 1735-1788, the author of the
Brunonian system in Medicine, was a native of Berwick-
shire. He was placed at school at Dunse, and soon dis-
tinguished himself by his proficiency in the Greek and
Latin classics. He lectured on medicine at Edinburgh,
and had his theory of medicine and practice of life been
better, nothing could have prevented his attaining to great
eminence. His new positions were embodied in Elementa
Medicinae, in Latin, 1780, Svo. Editio alteram plurimum
emendata et integrum demum opus exibens, Edin., 1787,
2 vols. Svo; 1794, Svo. Ills work has been trans, into
many languages. The author pub. an English version,
Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo ; a new edit, by Dr. Beddoes, 1795,
2 vols. Svo. Dr. Brown pub. Edin., 1787, Svo, Observa-
tions on the Principles of the Old System of Physic, ex-
hibiting a compound of the New Doctrine, »tc. This work
contains a violent attack upon Dr. Cullon's doctrine of
Spasms. Dr. C. had been a warm friend of Dr. Brown's,
and dissuaded him from seeking a professorship in one of
the colleges of America, which was Brown's favourite
scheme. Unfortunately, variance succeeded to friendship.
' A new edit, of Dr. Brown's works was pub. in 1804, Lon.,
. 8 vols. Svo, by Dr. William CuUen Br^wn. Mr. Pettigrew
-proves Brown to have been a better man than the popular
estimate of his character would indicate. The Brunonian
t\ eory has been thus summed up, — imperfectly, no doubt :
" All general or universal diseases were reduced to two great
families or classes, — the sthenic and the asthenic; the former de-
pending upon excess, the latter upon deficiency, of exciting power.
The former were to be removed by debilitating, the latter by sti-
muhmt, medicines, of which the most valuable and powerful are
brandy and opium."
The controversy, pro and con., was carried on with great
ardour. So keen became the wordy war at the Royal
Medical Society that a number of duels were fought, and a
law was passed that no future references should be had to
the hostile field. Nor was the war confined to the place
of its birth. France, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Russia
took up the cudgels : and in Germany the combat waxed
, so fierce that the military were obliged to take possession
of the University of Gottingen to quell the Bioinonians
and Anti-Brunonians. See Beddocs's edit, as above; Pet-
tigrew; Rees's Encyc. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Brown, John, of Whitburn. Gospel Truth, stated
and illustrated by Hog, Boston, E. and R. Erskine, and
others; occasioned by the republication of The Marrow
2S3
of Modern Divinity, collected by Rev. J. Brown, 1831,
i2m:).
*■ This bonk gives a complete history of that important affair
known as The Marrow Controversy, which so agitated North Bri-
tain in the early part of the last century. It contains also lives of
the principal Marrow Men. with notices of their works; it is very
valuable on this account, as it contains more notices of the class
of books to which it refers than any other book with which we are
acquainted."
Brown, John, D.D., Minister of Langton, Berwick-
shire. The Testimony of Experience to the Utility and
Necessity of Sabbath Schools, Edin., 1826, Svo.
Brown, John, Vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester. Christ
Crucified, the only Theme of Gospel Ministration. Visi-
tation Sermon. 1 Cor. i. 23, Lon., 1841, Svo.
BroAVn, John, 1752-1787, a Scotch artist, a native of
Edinburgh. Letters ou the Poetry and Music of the Italian
Opera, 1789, Svo.
Brown, John. Historical and Genealog. Tree of the
Royal Family of Scotland, 1796; new edit., 1811; of the
Family of Graham, 1808; Elphinstone, 1808; Macdo-
nald, 1810.
Brown, John, of Great Yarmouth. Treatises on the
British Navy, 1S06, '07.
Brown, John. Trans, of Mem. of Prince Staimatoff,
1814, 12mo. Psyche, or the Soul, ISIS, 12mo. The
Northern Courts; containing original Memoirs of the So-
vereigns of Sweden and Denmark since 1776, Lon., 1818,
2 vols. Svo.
" A more climisy and unworkmanlike performance we have
seldom witnessed." — Lon. Quarierhj Kevifw, xix. 3S0,
Anecdotes and Characters of the House of Brunswick,
1820. Svo.
Brown, John. Elem. of Eng. Education, 1S09, 12mo.
Brown, John. On Mathematical Instruments, 1671,
'78, Svo.
BroAvn, John, of Biggar. Remarks on the Plans and
Publications of Robert Owen, Esq., of New Lanark, 1818.
Browu, John, d. 1752. aged 46, Minister of Haver-
hill, Massachusetts, pub. a Sermon on the Death of Thomas
Symmes, 1726.
Brown, John Aquila. The Even-tide, or Last Tri-
umph of the Blessed and only Potentate, Lon., 1823, 2 vols.
Svo. This work contains a Development of the Mysteries
of Daniel and St. John, &c.
'■ New and questionable interpretations; but with many valua-
ble points.'" — IJICKERSTETH.
The Jew the Master-key of the Apocalypse, Lon., 1827,
8vo. In answer to Frere, Irving, and others. The Mount
of Vision, etc.. ISmo. A familiar illustration of the pro-
phecies of Daniel, designed for the young.
Brown, John P., Dragoman of the Legation of tho
United States at Constantinople. Trans, of the Turkish
Evening Entertainments, Ac, by Ahmed Ben Hemden,
the Kiyaya, New York. 12mo.
''The" historical and amusing interest of the two hundred and
seven curiosities, which I mipht call anecdotes, is obvious, &c." —
VoN Hammer, the celebrated Orientalist, to the I'^anslator.
"This book is one of the most interesting aud amusing which
have ai)poared." — Jour. Asiatiqne.
Brown, Rev. John \V., 1814^^9, an American poet.
Christmas Bolls, and other Poems, N. York, 12mo.
Brown, John Wm. Life of Da Vinci, Lon., 1828, Svo.
Brown, Joseph. Joseph and his Brethren, 1767.
Brown, Josiah, d. 1793. Legal compilations, 1779, &c.
Brown, Littleton. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738.
Brown, or Browne, Moses, 1703-17S7, Vicar of
Olney, Bucks. Polidus, a Tragedy. AU-bedevillcd, a
Farce. Poems on Various Subjects, 1773, Svo. An edit,
of AV.alton and Cotton's Angler; with a Preface, Notes,
and some valuable Additions, 1750, *59, '72. Sunday
Thoughts, 1752. '64, '81. Percy Lodge; a Poem, 1755,
4to. Sermons, 1754, '61. '65. Other works.
Brown, Peter. New Illustrations of Zoology, Lon.,
1776. 4to. Designed as a supplement to Edwards's Birds,
Descriptions mostly written by Pennant.
Brown, R. Complete Farmer, 1758, 2 vols. 12mo.
Brown, R« B. E.\traordinary Adventures of several
faiiK'US men, L()n., 168'!, 12mo.
Brown, or Browne, Richard. Medica Musica,
Lon., 1074, Svo. Other works, 1678, '92 '94, Svo.
BroAvn, Richard. Med. treatise, Lon., 1730, 4to.
Brown, Richard, D.D., Canon of Christ Church,
antl Regius Professor of Hebrew, &c., Oxford. Job's Ex-
pectation of a Resurrection, 1747, Svo. The Case of
Naaman Considered, 1750. Svo.
Brown, Richard. Principles of Practical Perspec-
tive, 1815, 4to. Elucidation of Drawing Ornaments, 4to.
Rudiments of Drawing Cabinet, Ac, Furniture, 4to. Con.
to Phil. Mag., 1816. Treatise ou Domestic Architecture,
BRO
4to. Sacred Architecture, its Kise, Progress, and Present
State, r. 4to, 1845, with 63 plates by Adlard.
" This useful and comprehensive work emliraces the Babylonian,
Indian, Egyptian, Greek, and Koman Temples, the Byzantine.
Saxon, Lombard. Norman, and Italian Churches : with an Analy-
tical Inquiry into the Origin, Procress, and IVrfection of the Gothic
Churches in England: also the Elements of Chunh Desii^n, &c."
" If we were asked. For what class of readers is this very elegant
production int^-nded ? our answer would be, For none exclusively,
for several beneficially. The bishop and his suffragans — the man
of education — and the votary of art, may each take useful lessons
from it." — Oylonial Mag.
BroAVii, or Browne, Robert, d. 16.T0, the founder
of the Brownists, afterwards called Independents. A
Treatise of Reformation without tarrying fur any. A Trea-
tise of the 23d Chapter of St. Matthew. A Book which
sheweth the Life and Manners of all true Christians. These
three works are contained in a thin quarto vol.; pub. at
Middleburgh, in 15S2.
Brown, Robert. Death of Charles I., Lon., Svo.
Brown, Robert, 1766-1S31. Agricult. works, Lon.,
1799-1S16.
" Mr. Brown's works hare been translated into the French and
German languages, and he is quoted liy all continental writers as
an authority." — Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., q. v. for an interesting
account of Mr. Bmwn, his farming and his literan'' labours.
Brown, Robert. Military works, 1796, '97, Svo.
Brown, Robert, D.C.L., 1773-1858, b. at Montrose;
a distinguit^hed botanist ; entered MarL-^cbal College,
Aberdeen, 1787: studied Medicine at the Univ. of Edin-
burgh, 1790-94; in 1806. appointed Librarian of Lin-
nsean Society, and President of the same from 1S49 to '53.
Contributed an important article On the A^clepiadge ;
Trans. Wernerian Soc. 1809. On the Natural Order of
Plants called Proteacea- ; Trans. Linn. Sor.. 1810, Pro-
dromus Florin Novse Hollandia^ ct Insulte Van Diemen,
Lon., 1810, vol. i., Svo. This vol. was suppressed by its
author. Editio secunda, curavit C. G. Nees ab Essenbeck,
Dr., Norimb., 1827, 8vo. General Remarks, Geographical
and Systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australia,
1814.
" Mr. Brown was the first English botanist to write a systematic
work of any extent according to the natural meTlind of Juesieu.
No one lias done more than he to nuike the method known in
Kngland, and, as has been truU' obt-erved, "no one has done so
much in any country to throw light on its intricacies.' " — Knight's
Eng. Cyc. Div. Biog., vol. i.
Observations on the Natural Family of Plants called Com-
positse; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xii. An account of a new
genus of plants named Rafllesia; Trans. Linn. Soc, vol.
xiii. Brief Account of Microscopical Observations on the
Particles contained in the Pollen of PlantfJ, and on the
general existence of Active Molecules in Organic and In-
organic Bodies, 1S2S. Svo. Botanical Appendicus to the
Voyages of Ross and Parry to the Arctic Regions, Tuckey's
Expedition to the Congo, and Ouclney, Denham, and Clap-
perton's Explorations of Central Africa. Supplementum
Prodromus, 1830, Many of his writings are to be found
in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Reports
of the British Association, Horslield's PlanUe Javanicffi
Rariores, &c. His works prior to 1834 were collected,
translated into German, and published in 5 vols. 8vo, by
Nees von Esscnbeck.
" Mr. Brown has been termed by Humboldt Botanicorum
facile princeps." An ed. of his complete works is much
needed, in which would be brought to light for the first
time his views in regard to the water-controversy, wherein
he favours the claims of Cavendish. See Lon. Athen.,
July 17. 1858.
6rown, Robert. Chloris Melvilliana, 1823, 4to.
Brown, S, Presby. Ch. Government, 1812, 12mo.
Brown, or Browne, Samuel. The Sum of Chris-
tian Religion bv Wjiv of Catechism, Lon., 1630, Svo.
Brown, Sainnel. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1698.
Brown, Sainnel, 1768-1805, a native of Worcester,
Massachusetts, pub. a Dissertation on Bilious Malignant
Fever, 1797. A Dissertation on Yellow Fever, which re-
ceived the premium of the Humane Society, 1800, and a
Paper on Mercury in Med. Repos., vol. vi.
BroAvn, Samuel R., a volunteer in the war of 1S12,
afterwards editor of The Patriot, printed at Cayuga, New
York. pub. A View of the Campaigns of the N. Western
Army, 1814. History of the War of 1812. 2 vols. West>-
ern Gazetteer, or Emigrant's Directory, 1817.
Brown, Sarah. A Medical Letter to a Lady. 1777, Svo.
Brown, Simon. Discourses, 1722, 2 vols. Svo.
Brown, Stafford, Perpetual Curate of Christ Church.
Truth on Both Sides; or Can the Believer Finally Fall?
Lon., 1848, 12rao.
-' A useful book, with passages of considerable interest*' — Bri-
tish Magazine.
BRO
" A most interesting volume, replete with cood things — well said,
forcible, and true." — Church and Slate tjaze.ttf.
Brown, T. Miscellanea Aulica, Lon., 1702, Svo : A
Collection of State Treaties.
Brown, Thomas. Sermon, Oxf., 16.14.
Brown, or Browne, Thomas, d. 1704, commonly
called Tom Brown of Facetious Memory, as Addison
styles him, was a native of Shropshire, and educated at
Christ Church, Oxford. He seems to have had an equal
taste for the acquisition of languages and the circulation
of indecencies. Among his works are three pieces relative
to Dryden, I68S, '89, '90. The Welch Levite tossed in a
Blanket, Lon., 1691, fol. Trans, from the French, Lon.,
169:i, '9.3. The Salamanca Wedding. 1693. Short Epis-
tles out of Roman, Greek, and French authors, 1682, Svo.
Whole Works, Lon., 1707, '08, 3 vols. Svo. Like most
scoffers, upon the appro.ach of death he exhibited great
remorse : but what an insecure hope to sinners is a so-called
death-bed repentance !
" Brown w.as not a man deticient in literature, nor destitute of
fancy; but he seems to have thought it the pinn.aoleof excellence
to be a 'merry fellow;' and therefore laid out his powers upon
small jests and jrross buffoonery, so that his performances have
little intrinsic value, and were read oidy while they were recom-
mended by the novelty of the event that occasioned them. What
sense or knowledge his works contain is disgraced by the garb in
which it is exhibited."— Da. Johnson : Life of Dryden.
Brown, Thomas, the Youngest. Intercepted Let^
ters in the Two Penny Post Bag, Lon., 1812, Svo; many
editions. AVritten by Thomas Moore.
Brown, Thomas, Fellow of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge. The Story of the Ordination of our lirst Bishops
in Q. Elizabeth's Reign at the Nag's Head Tavern in
Cheapsidc. thoroughly examined; and proved to be a late-
inveuted, inconsistent, self-cuntradicting, and absurd fable.
In Answer to Le Qnien, and to remarks on Le Courayer,
Lon., 1731, Svo. An Answer to a Discourse by Bishop
Stillingflcct. the Unreasonableness of a New Separation,
Ac, Lon.. 1749, Svo.
Brown, Thomas. The Evangel. Hist, of Christ,
1777, 2 vols. Svo.
Brown, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1790.
Brown, Thomas, Surgeon. An Inquiry relative to
Vaccination, Edin., 1809, Svo. Correspondence on same
Subject, Lon., 1SII9. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, '9.i. An-
nals of Med., 1797. Phil. Trans., 1778.
BroAvn, Thomas. Agricult. of the County of Derby,
Lon., 1794, 4to.
Brown, Thomas, M.D., 1778-1820, one of the most
eminent of modern metaphysicians, was the son of the
Rev. Samuel Brown. Minister of Kirkmabreck. in the
stewartrv of Kirkcudbright, Seothand. He was sent to
England' to school at the age of seven, and returned to
Scotland when fourteen. At Edinburgh he applied him-
self to his studies with great diligence and success. In
1796 he commenced the study of the law, but abandoned
it for medicine, in which he took a doctor's diploma in
1803. In 1806 ho entered into copartnership with the
celebrated Dr. Gregory. Dugald Stewart, being indis-
posed in the winter of 1808-09, engaged Dr. Brown to
read lectures for him in the Moral Philosophy Class.
Brown's success was most decided. He satisHed both
himself and his hearers that he had found his proper
sphere, and, acting upon this persuasion, in 1810 he re-
signed his practice, and accepted the appointment of col-
league to Dugald Stewart in theChair of Moral Philosophy.
His first appearance as an author was in 1798, when he
pub. Observations on the Zoonomia of Erasmus Darwin,
M.D., Edin., 1798, Svo.
" The perhaps unmatched work of a boy in the eighteenth year
of his age." — Sir J.\s. Mackintosh.
" This was very favourably received by the public, and exhibited
astonishing prematurity of talents and attainments."
Poems, Edin., 1804, 2 vols. 12mo.
" .\ collection which exhibits unquestionable marks of fertility
of invention and refinement of taste."
A Criticism on Charges against Mr. Leslie, 1S06, Svo.
In 1814 he completed a poem with which he had employed
some intervals of leisure for several years. The Paradise
of Coquettes, (anon.) A reviewer of note declared this to be
'■ By far the best and most Ivi illiant imitation of Pope that has
appeared since the time of that great writer; with all his point,
polish, and nicely-balanced versification, as well as his sarcasm
and witty malice."
Tho War Fiend, 1816. The Wanderer in Norway; a
Poem, 1816, Svo. Agnes : a Poem, 1818, Svo. Emily and
other Poems, 2d edit., 1818, Svo. But Dr. Brown's great
work was Observations on the Nature and Tendency of
Mr. Howe's Doctrine concerning the Relation of Cause
and Effect, Edin., 1804, Svo; 2d edit,, 1806; 3d ecUt.,
BRO
greatly enlarged and improved, 1818. The merit of this'
work is too well known to render any detailed account of
it necessary. See Welsh's life of Brown. Edin., 1825. 8vo.
" His first tract on Causation appeared to me the finest model of
discussion in Mental Philosophy since Berkeley and Hume; with
this superiority over the latter, that its aim is that of a philosopher
who seeks to enlarge knowledge, not that of a skeptic, the most
illustiious of whom have no better end than that of displaying
their powers in confounding and darkening every truth; so that
their very happiest efforts cannot be more leniently described than
as brilliant fits of debauchery."— Sir James Mackintosh: 'Zd Pre-
lim. Diss, in Encyd. Brit.
" Neither Bacon, nor Hobbes, nor Berkeley, nor Locke, possessed
powers of mind so splendid and so various. Brown is. beyond
comparison, the most eloquent of philosophic writers. So much
power and delicacy of intellect were never before united in an in-
dividual."— Tail's Magazine.
'• This is a book of great power. Before Dr. Brown wrote, we
were confessedly all in the dark about causation. If ever there
was a system which deserved the appellation of intelligible, com-
pact, consistent, simple, this is the one." — A' American Jievieiv.
After Dr. Bmwn's decease appeared his Lectures on the
Philosophy of the Human Mind. Edin., 1S20. 4 vols. 8vo:
reprinted by Welsh in 1828, 1 vol. 8vo, with an Index and
Memoir. Of this excellent work many editions have been
pub. in Great Britain and America.
*' An inestimable book." — Dr. Parr.
" It would be unjust to censure severely the decl. amatory parts
of his Lectures ; they are excusable in the first warmth of com-
position. They might even be justifiable allurementa in attracting
young hearers to abstruse speculations. . . The prose of Dr. Brown
is brilliant to excess. . . It is darkened by excessive brightness;
it loses ease and liveliness by over-dress ; and, in the midst of its
luxurious sweetness, we wish for the striking and homely illustra-
tions of Tucker, and for the pithy and sinewy sense of "Paley." —
Sir James Mackintosh.
" The style is so captivating, the views so comprehensive, the
argxunents so acute, the whole thing so complete, that I was al-
most insensibly borne along upon the stream of his reasoning and
his I'loquence. In the power of analysis he greatly transcends all
philosophers of the Scottish school who preceded him." — MorelVs
History uf Modt^rn Philoxnphy.
Brown, Thomas. Biblical Commentary on the Gos-
pels and Acts, adapted especially for Preachers and Stu-
dents, by Hermann Olshausen, D.D., Professor of Theology
in the University of Erlangen. Trans, by the Rev. Thomas
Brown, &c. In 4 vols. 8vo, forming vols, v., x., xvi. and
xix. of Clark's Foreign Theological Library.
*' Olshausen's Commentaries are perhaps the most valuable con-
tribution to the interpretation of f>eripturu that have made their
way to us from Germany. Minute and accui-ate. yet comprehen-
sive and full, they are most helpful in guiding to the right under-
standing of Scripture. They are scholar-like in their execution,
sounder in their doctrinal views than most German expositions,
and elevated in their tone. There is often an air of poetic beauty
thrown over passages which attracts and rivets." — Quarterly Jour-
nal of Prfyphccy.
Other works of this distinguished divine nre pub. in the
same series — T. & L. Clark's (Edinburgh) Foreign Theo-
logical Library.
'* From the highly evangelical tone which in general pervades
Olshausen's Commentaries, he may be regarded, in most cases, as
a safe guide to the student who is jusf intering on the critical
study of the New Testament."' — EvanijrlirnJ M<ig.: notice of his
Cbmmeiitary on the Homans. Trails, by clcrf/ymtn if the Church of
England; vol. xiii. of Clark's Fnr. Thuol. Library.
His Commentary on the Epistles to the Galatians, Ephe-
sians, Colossians, and Thessalonians, trans, by a clergy-
man of the Church of England, forms vol. xxi. in Clark's
For. Theol. Library; and voL xxiii. contains Commentary
on the Epistles to the Philippians, to Titus, and the first to
Timothy ; in Continuation of tho work of Olshausen.
Lie. August Wiesinger. Trans, by Rev. John Fulton.
"Olshausen is a patient and learned writer, and evinces con-
siderable moderation and reverence of tone." — English lUvicw.
"Olshausen's mind is of the family of Augustine. His admi-
rable Commentary on the New Testament is of inestimable benefit
to tho student, nay, to every thoughtful reader of the Bible." —
Archdeacon Hare.
Our readers will perceive that although our Home Regu-
lations forbid us to introduce foreigners as such into our
Domestic Republic of Letters, yet we take the liberty of
occasionally naturalizing a worthy stranger by smuggling
him under an English flag.
Brown, Captain Thomas. Popular Natural His-
tory, or the Characteristics of Animals portrayed in a
series of illustrative Anecdotes, 18-18, 3 vols. 12mo.
" An immense fund of agreeable and useful reading, well fitted
to interest as well as to instruct yo\xiii:'~NoUingham Journal.
Biographical Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs,
r. 18mo.
"If any one wishes to entertain enlarged and enlightened opi-
nions regarding this noble class of aniuiMls, let him peruse these
Biographical Sketches, and Authentic Anecdotes. Ho will here
find, In-sides a mass of highly useful and delightful information
regarding the natural history and habits of every species of dog,
upwards of twu hundred and twenty anecdotes, illustrative of
260
BRO
their dispasitinns, and all of the most entertaining kind." — Edin-
buijf' Liti'rarij Journal.
Book of Butterflies, Moths, and Sphinges, 3 vols. 18mo,
1834.
" This is a delightful work, with no fewer than 144 engraTings,
coloured after nature; and, both liy the style of its scientific de-
scriptions, and its general arrangements, well calculated to con-
vey ideas at once correct and popular."
Other works.
Brown, or Browue, William. Formulas Bene
Placitandi, Lon., 1G71, i'ol. Other legal text-books,
1678-1706.
Brown, William. Reports of Cases in Chancery
from 1778 to 1785, Lon., 1785, fol. Reports in Chancery
from 1778 to 1794; 1785-89, 4 vols, fol.; 5th edit., with
improvements by Robert Belt, Lon., 1820, 4 vols. r. 8vo.
First American, from the fifth London edition, by Hon.
J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1844, 4 vols. 8vo.
" From my knowledge of Mr. Perkins, as a well-read and exact
lawyer, eminently fitted for the work, I anticipated a rich contri-
bution to the stock of onr Equity .Jurisprudence. I have ex-
amined his Notes with some care, and lind my expectations more
than realized." — Simon Greenleaf.
"The cases referred to by Mr. Brown are generally considered
as too shortly fjiken; but that may be accounted for by the very
brief and concise manner in which Lord Thurlow generally pro-
nounced his decrees, seldom giving his reasons for his decisions."
Brown, William, M.D. Med. Essays, Edin., 1791-
1812.
Bro-WTi, William. History of the Propagation of
Christianity among the Heathen since the Reformation,
1814, 2 vols. 8vo. Robert Millar pub. a similar work,
Edin., 1723, 2 vols. 8vo, and Lon., 1831.
Brown, William, D.D., of Eskdale Muir. Antiqui-
ties of the Jews, compiled from authentic sources, and
their Customs illustrated from Modern Travels, with Plans
of tho Temple, 1820. 2 vols. Svo.
" The most elaborate system of Jewish Antiquities extant in the
English langu.age." — lIok.vE.
"This is decidedly the best compendium of Jewish .\ntiquities
that h.as yet appeand in Ibe flni^lish langua-^'e. It contains many
beautifulandjustillustratiniisofllnly.'Jcripture."— Dr.E.Wiluams.
For a very favourable notice of this work, see Christian
Remembrancer, June, 182U.
Brown, William, of Enfield. XL. Plain and Prac-
tical .Sermons, Westley, 1821-26, 2 vols. Svo.
"The style in which these discourses are composed, will render
them particularly acceptable to families of respectability, while
their simplicity will make them intelligible to servants and per-
sons of inferior education." — Coiitir'-triilional Magazine.
Brown, William Cul'len, M.D. Institutions of
the Practice of Medicine ; trans, from the Latin of Bur-
serius, Lon., 1800-03, 5 vols. Svo. The Medical Works
of Dr. John Brown, with a biog. account of the author,
1804, 3 vols. Svo, (j. V.) A View of the Navy, Army,
and Private Surgeon, 1814, Svo.
Brown, William Hill, d. 1793, at Murfreesborough,
North Candiun, aged 27, wrote a tragedy founded on the
death of Andre, and a Comedy. His Ira and Isabella was
pub. in 1807.
Brown, or Browne, William Laurence, 1755-
1830, a native of Utrecht, became minister of the English
church there, 177S ; removed to Scotland, 1795, appointed
Professor of Divinity at Aberdeen, and afterwards Prin-
cipal of Marischal College. An Essay on the Folly of
Skepticism, Lon., 17SS, Svo. This work obtained the gold
medal of tho Teylcrian Society at Haarlem in 1786, and
was originally printed in the Memoirs of that Society.
An Essay on the Existence of a Supreme Creator, Aber-
deen, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. To this Essay was awarded Mr.
Burnet's first prize, £1250, at Aberdeen, August 4, 1S15.
Prefixed is a memoir relating to the founder of the prizes.
The second prize was awarded to Dr. Sumner's Records
of Creation. Eighteen Sermons, Edin., 1803, Svo.
"The style of these discourses is easy, tlowiug, and dignified;
it never sinks to meanness ; it is never turgid ; the author states
his sentiments with precision, and enforces them with animation."
— Erlin. L'fiHfw.
This distinguished divine pub. several sermons sepa-
rately, and some other treatises.
Brown, William R. H. Golden Lane Brewery
Case, 1S12.
Broivn is often confounded with Browne, the more
ancient spelling. In this matter tho best authorities vary.
We have taken much pains to make a proper distribution.
Browne, Alexander. Works on Drawing, 1675, &c.
Browne, Andrew, a Scotch physician of the 17th
century, pub. The New Cure of Fevers, Edin., 1691, Svo.
Bellum Medicinale, 1699, Svo. Vindic. of Sydenham's
Method of curing continued Fevers, Lon., 1700, 8yo. Cold
Baths, 1707. Institutions of Physick, 1714, Svo.
Browne, Arthur, d. 1773, aged 73, an Episcopal cler-
BRO
BRO
gyman at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was a native of
Ireland, and a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. He
pub. several sermons, 1738-57, and Remarks on Mayhew's
Reflections on the Church of England, ITO/t. His grand-
son. Arthur Browne, will claim our notice hereafter.
Browne, Arthur. A Short View of the first Princi-
ples of the Differential Calculus, Lon., 1S25, Svo. This is
a commentary on the first two or three chapters of the
Thforie des Fonctinns.
Browne, Arthur, d. 1S05, son of Mnrmaduke Browne,
rector of Trinity Church, Newport, Rhode Island, and
grandson of the Rev. Arthur Browne, (see ante,) in his
boyhood attended the school established by Dean (after-
wards Bishop) Berkeley at Newport. Arthur went to Ire-
land in 1771 or 1772, and during the remainder of his life
was connected with Trinity College. Dublin, as Professor
of Civil Law. He also represented the University in the
Irish House of Commons. As a professor, it has been de-
clared that he was the " idol of the students.'* A Brief
View of the Question whether the Articles of Limerick
have been violated? Dublin. 17S8. Svo.
"Great stress having been laid by the Rnman Catholics of Ire-
land on the privilej^es secured to them by the articles of Limerick,
(of which they charge the penal Jaws they have lived under to have
been vioUcions,) the author of this well-writteu tract enters into an
examination of these articles." Vide Lon. Month. Kev., 1778.
A Compendious View of the Civil Law, and of the Law
of the Admiralty ; being the substance of a course of Lec-
tures read in the University of Dublin. Dubl., 1797-9S,
2 vols. 8vo; 2d edit., IS02 j repub. in New York, 1S40,
2 vols. Svo.
"The author has followed Blackstone's Commentaries in the
order of treating his subject. His work has heen deservedly po-
pular, hoth on account of the learning, solidity, and accuracy of
its research, and because it is the best book in the language show-
ing the connexion between the Common and the Civil Law. . . .
It is often cited, and always with respect." — Morvm''s Legal Bibl.
See notice in Lon. Monthly Review for 1799. Miscel-
laneous Sketches, or Hints for Essays, 1798, 2 vols. Svo.
The style of Montaigne seems to have been kept in view
in the composition of these Essays. Compendious View of
the Ecclesiastical Law of Ireland, &c. : to which is added,
A Sketch of the Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts, IS03,
2 vols. Svo.
"His great powers of mind he improved by incessant .'^tudy,
and by intercourse with the most distinguished scholars and the
mo.st able and virtuous statesmen of his day."
Browne, Charles. Two sermons, 1740, 4to.
Browne, Danl. Jay, bom 1804, N. Hampshire, son
of a farmer. He devoted several years of his life to the
study and investigation of Agriculture, Natural History,
and resources of North and South America, W. Indies,
Europe, aud Western Africa. Served ten years as civil
engineer on the public works of the U. S. and Prussia, aud
subsequently had charge of the Agricultural Dept. of the
U. S. Patent-uffico. Sylva Americaua. Trees of America.
Entomological Encyclopedia. Tables for com]>uting Inte-
rest. Exchanges, aud Annuities. Treatise on Maize. Ame-
rican Poultry Yard. American Bird Fancier. Muck Book.
Letters from the Canary Islands, &c. Editor of the Na-
turalist, and contrib. to various Agricultural Jnurnals.
Browne, Edward. Legacies of Sir James Cambel,
Lon., 1642, sm. Svo.
Browne, Edward, M.D., 1644-1708, Physician to
Charles II., and President of the London College of Phy-
sicians, the eldest son of the celebrated Sir Thomas Browne,
was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and Merton
College. Oxford. Several of his papers will be found in
Phil. Trans.. 1G70, '74, '81, &c. He is be.-^t known by A
Brief Account of Travels in Hungary, Scrvia. Ac, Lon.,
1673, 4to; 2d edit, (with additions) entitled Account of
Travels through a great part of Germany and the Low
Countries, Ac. 1677, 4to ; 3d edit, (with further additions)
entitled TravcLs in Hungary, Servia, &c.., 1685, fol. Tra-
vels containing his Obs. on France and Italy, &c., 1763,
2 vols. 12mo. Trans, of a Discourse of the Original Cuun-
trey, Ac. of the Cossacks. Lon., 1672. 12mo. His travels
in Hungary, Ac. have been highly commended by some
authorities, and but little esteemed by others.
" The author has showed himself exMlently qualified for a tra-
veller by this ingenious piece, in which he has omitted nothing
worthy the observation of so curious a person, having spent much
of his time in the discovery of European rarities." — Introduc. to
voLlKt of ChurcfiVVs Voyages; "either written by, or at least un-
der the direction of, the famous Mr. Locke." — Bw(f. BHt.
Dr. Johnson states that he had heard Browne's book
highly commended by a learned traveller, who had visited
many places after him ; upon which the doctor remarks,
" But, whatever it may contribute to the instruction of a natu-
ralist, I cannot reromniend it as likely to give nmch pleasure to
common readers."— ii/e of Sir TJiomas Browne.
Dr. Johnson expresses a regret, in which we can all
sympathize, that Sir Thomas Browne has left us no ac-
count of his travels.
" A book extravagantly and absurdly praised in the Bingraphia
Bntaiinica. His travels yield someinfurmatinn to naturalists, but
Uttlt- to tht.' philosophical or common reader." — Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
*' Natural history, the mines, mineral waters, as well as manners
and customs, are described in this work, which bears a good cha-
racter."— Stevenson : Voyages and Trax^eh.
Dr. Browne, like his celebrated father, was distinguished
for scholarship :
" He was acquainted with Hebrew, was a critic in Greek, and no
man of bis age wrote better Latin. German, Italian. French, Ac,
he spoke and wrote with as much ease as his mother tongue.
Physic was his business, and to the promotion thereof all his other
acquisitions were referred. King Charles said of him that ' he was
as learned as any of tbe collet^e, and as well-bred as any at court.' "
Browne, Edward Harold, Norrisian Prof, of Di-
vinity, Univ. of Cambridge. Expos, of the 39 Articles,
Lon., 1S50, 2 vols. 8vo: 4th ed., 1S5S, Svo. Fulfilment of
the 0. T. Prophecies relating to the Messiah. Camb., 1836,
Svo. This di.■^sertation took the Norrisian Medal for 1835.
Browne, Felicia Dorothea. See Hemans.
Browne, Francis, D.D., Canon of "Windsor. Ser-
mon, Prov. xxix. 25, 1712, 4to; on 2 Cor. v. 10, 1724. 4to.
Browne, George, d. about 1560? consecrated Arch-
bi.sbup of Dublin in 15^i5, was, according to Wood, origi-
nally ''an Austin frier of the Convent of that order in
London, and educated in academicals among those of bis
order in Oxou." He was the first bishop that embraced and
promoted the Reformation iu Ireland. Historical Collec-
tions of the Church of Ireland, Lon., 1681, 4to. Reprinted
in vol. 1st of the Pheni.x, and in Harleian Miscellany, vol.
5th. See Strype's Memorials of Archbishop Cranmer.
Browne, Henry. Hand-Book of Hebrew Antiqui-
ties, Lon.. ]2mo. Ordo Saiculorum : Chronology of the
Scriptures. Oxford, Svo.
Browne, Hyde Mathis. The Apothecary's Vade
Mecum, Ac, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Browne, Isaac Hawkins, 1705-1760, a native of
Burton-upon-Trent. Stafi"t)rdshire. was educated at West-
minster school, and at Trinity College. Cambridge. He
settled at Lincoln's Inn about 1727, and applied himself
with great diligence to the study of the Law. Highmore,
the painter, was his particular friend, and he addressed to
him his poem on Design and Beauty.
" In this, one of the longest of his poems, he shows an exten-
sive kno\vKd?;e of the Platonic philosophy; and pursues, through
the ^^h^U^ the idea of be,'iuty advanced by that philosophy. By
desiL'u is here meant, in a large aud extensive sense, that power
of genius which enables the real artist to collect together his scat-
tered ideas, tfl range them iu proper order, and to form a regular
plan before he attempts to exhibit any work in architectm-e, paint-
ing, or. pi tetry." — Preface to his Poems, pub. in 1768.
The Pipe of Tobacco, also written whilst of Lincoln's
Inn, is an excellent imitation of Cibber, Ambrose Philips,
Thomson, Young, Pope, and Swift, who were then all
living.
"We need not say that the peculiar manner of these several
writers is admir.^bly hit off by our author, and that he hath shewn
himself to have possessed an exrcll.'iit imitative genius. Indeed,
nothing but a wide spirit of dis'iiiiiination, and a happy talent
at various composition, could b;ivr i-nabli-d him to have succeeded
so well as he hath done in The rijje of Tobacco." — Ibid.
In 1754 he pub. his principal work, a Latin poem, enti-
tled De Animi Immortalitate, in two books, 4to. This
poem excited great admiration. In a few months trans-
lations into English were pub. by Dr. Richard Grey, Mr.
Hay, John Lettice, and others. A trans, (the best made)
by Soame Jenyns will be found in his Miscellanies, Lon.,
1770, 8vo. Mr. Browne intended to have added a third
book, but did not complete his design.
" In these three books he purposed to cany natural religion as
far as it would go, and in so doing, to lay the true foundation of
Christianity, of which he was a firm believer. But he went no
farther than to leave a fragment of the third book, enough to
make us lament that he did not complete the whole. . - . Not to
mention the usefulness and importance of the subject, every man
of taste must fft-l that the poem is admirable for its per.spicuity,
precision, and order; and that it unites the philosophical learning
and eloquence of Cicero, with the numbers and much of the poe-
try of Lucretius and Tirgil." — Biog. Brit.
*" T am bett.^r pleased, when I consider the nature of the subject,
with that neatness and purity of diction which is spread over the
w hole, than I should have been had more poetical ornaments been
bestowed upon it."— Dr. Green, Bishop of Lincoln.
" I need not enter into a detail to show how well you have fol-
lowed, not servilely imitated, Lucretius and Virgil; how perspi-
cuously, as well as elegantly, you have handled some of the al»-
strusest arguments, &c."— Letter to Browne, from the celebrated
James Harris.
Dr. Beattie, in his Essay on the Utility of Classical
Learning, thus refers to our author :
" Is.iao Hawkins Browne. Esq., author of several excellent
Poems, particularly one in Latin ou the immortality of the soul;
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of which Mrs. Carter justly says, that it does honour to our coun-
try."
Barnard, Cambridge, Upton, and Hoadly, all celebrated
the praise of the successful poet. Browne's Latin and
English poems were pub. Lon., 176S, Svo; Essays on Me-
taphysics, Morals, and Religion, 1816, Svo. Browne was
elected to Parliament in 1744 and 1748. His success as
an orator may be judged of from the following extract
from Boswell's Johnson:
*' We talked of public speaking. Johnson : 'We must not esti-
mate a man's powers by his not being able to deliver his senti-
ments in public. Isaac Hawkins Browne, one of the lirst wits of
this country, got into Parliament, and never opened bis mouth.' "
Yet the difference between the famous Parliamentary
orator, Gerard Hamilton, and the taciturn Isaac, was little
more than one speet-h !
Browne, J. Masonic Master Key through the three
degrees, 1803.
BroAVue, J. D, Views of Ascent and from Summit
of Mont Blanc, Lon., fol., £2 2«.
Browue, J. H,, Archdeacon of Ely. Inquiry into
the Character of Antichrist. 12mo. Letters to Archd.
Wilkins on Body and Soul ; 3d edit., 1824, 12mo. Charges
to the Archdeaconry of Ely, 1826-41.
"Those hitherto publisht-d iiave been very Taluable." — Bicker-
STETH.
BroAVne, J, Ross. 1. Etchings of a Whaling Cruise.
With an Account of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar.
With numerous Plates, Svo, Lou. and N. York.
'• Into the personal narrative with which the writer of this book,
who is an American, has chosen to favour the world, we shall not
enter. He gives a strange account of the circumstances which led
to his Toyage and the antecedents of his life. Suflice it that his
book is a livc^ly. clever, and readable one." — Lon. Morning Chron.
2. Crusade in the East ; a Narrative of Personal Adven-
tures and Travels, N. York, 12mo.
Browne, James, b. about 1616, was entered of Oriel
College, Oxford, in 1634. Antichrist in Spirit; animad-
verted on by George Fox in his book. Tlie Great iMystery
of the Great Whore Unfolded, Lon.. 1659, ful. Scripture
Redemption freed from Men's Restrictions, Lon., 1673.
The Substance of several Conferences about the death of
our Redeemer, Ac,
" In the title of which he says that he was now (1073) a preacher
of the faith which once he destroyed." — Athen. Oxon.
Wood refers to his erroneous opinions when a chaplain
in the parliament army, and gives us to understand that,
like most men unsettled in their views, he was in the habit
of troubling others of more stability:
" He took all occasions to disturb orthodox men with his dis-
putes. But after the return of Charles 1. he changed bis mind,
and became orthodox, and so continued, as 1 presume, to the time
of his death." — Athai. Ox<rn.
Browne, James. History of the Highlands and the
Highland Clans, Lon., 1848, 4 vols. Svo, and r. Svo.
"This complete and comprehensive work contains must inte-
resting and authentic accounts of the aboriginal Highland Tribes,
the Pictish and Scoto-Irish Kings, early civilization, antiquities,
poetry, superstitions, language, music, domestic manners and
habits, dress, institution of chiefs, national characteristics, &c.''
*' No other work exists in which the subject of the Highlands
and Highland Clans is treated of in all its branch'!:, or to which
reference may conveniently be made for information respecting
them in an agreeable, elegant, and accessible form. His late ma-
jesty was pleased to allow access, for the lirst time, to the Stuart
Papers, for the use of the author in preparing this National
Work." See Logan, James.
A Life of Petrarch in 7th edit, of Encyc. Brit.
"Evincing critii'al disri iniinalion and learned research of the
highest order."' — Mefi'dju'litat) ('imsi'n'aftvf' Journal.
History of New.'^papers ; in 7th edit. Encyc. Brit.
'* It contains the latest and fullest information we have met
with on this subject, and will be read with interest and profit by
all who have occasion to prosecute imiuiries upon it." — Carlisle
(England) Journal.
BroAvne, John. The Marchants Avizo, Lon., 1589,
4to ; reprinted, 1616, 4tu.
'• Not noticed by Amos or Herbert." — Lowndes.
Browne, John- Ordinary Joint Rule, Lon., 16S6.
Browne, John. History and Antiquities of York
Cathedral. Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to,'£S ISs. 6rf.
Browne, John, of Crewkerne, Somerset, a boy of 12
years uf age. Poetical Tntn.sl.ations from various Authors.
Pub. by Mr. Ashe. Lun., 178S, 4to.
*' We have observed, in several places, a freedom of ti-anslation
and an expansion of thought, i-arely to be met with in so young
a writer, and which we should have ascribed to Mr. Ashe's touch-
ing up the MSS., li;id he not assured us (and wi' do nnt (jiieslion
his veracity) that they are the genuine production nt" .M.-ister .Inhn
Browne, a yoid/i Imt I'J years old! I !" — Lon. Mo/dhly Jifririn, 17S8.
Browne, John, Rector of Beeby, Leicestershire,
The Divine Authority of the Christian Religion, eight ser-
mons preached 17.'iO, '?>1, at Lady Moyer's Lecture, Lon.,
1732, 8vo. Other Sermons, 1721-35.
Browne, John. Universal Redemption, Lon., 1798.
262 tr J f
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BroAVne, John, late Fellow of C. C. C, Oxford.
Serniur s on the Infancy of Human Nature, preached 1806,
at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1S09. Svo.
"Through the several dispensations of God towards mankind,
harmonv. order, and proportion will be found to have character-
ized all the otM^rations of his power."
Browne, John, Curate of Trinity Church, Chelten-
ham. 2?> Sermons, Lon., 1836, Svo.
Browne, John Samuel. Catalogue of English
Bishops from 16SS to the present time, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Browne, Joseph, M.D. Lecture of Anatomy against
the Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1698, 1701, 4"to. Tho
Modern Practice of Physic Vindicated, 1703. '04, "05, 12mo.
Fundamentals in Physick, 1709, 12mo. Institutions of
Physick, 1714. Svo. Practical Treatise on the Plague,
1720, Svo. Antidotaria, or a Collection of Antidotes
against the Plague and other Malignant Diseases, 1721, Svo.
Browne, Joseph, D.D., 1700-1767, Provost of
Queen's College, Oxford, a native of Cumberland, pub. in
1726 from the University press, a " most beautiful edition"
of Cardinal Barberini's Latin Poems, with notes and a life
of the author, (afterwards Pope Urban VIII.,) and a dedi-
cation to his friend Edward Hassel, Esq., of Balemain.
Browne, M. C. A Leaf outof Burke's Book, 1796, Svo.
Browne, Maria J, B., a native of Northampton,
Ma.~sachusctts, has pub. several volumes for the young,—
Margaret McDonald, 1848; Laura Huntley, 1850, &c.—
and contributed a number of articles to periodicals. See
Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1855.
Browne, Mary Anne, 1812-1844, a native of Maiden-
head, Berkshire, England, published poetry which did her
great credit at the early age of 15. Her first work was
Mont Blanc ; she afterwards gave to the world, Ada, Re-
pentance, The Coronal, Birthday Gift, Ignatia, a voL of
sacred poetry, and many fugitive pieces in prose and
verse. In 1842 she was married to James Gray, a Scotch
gentleman, a nephew of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. She
died at Cork in 1844.
'■ Iler style is modelled on the manner of the old bards; and
though her poetry never leaches the height she evidently sought
to attain, it is excellent for its pure taste and just sentiment;
while a few instances of bold imagination show vividly the ardour
of a fancy which prudence and delicacy always controlled." —
Mrs. Hale's Jiecovd^ of Wotntn.
Browne, Mathias. Opinions of Philosophers con-
cerning Man's Chiefest Good, 1659, Svo.
Browne, Patrick, b. about 1720-1790, a native of
Woodstock, county of Mayo, Ireland. The Civil and
Natural History of Jamaica, Lon., 1756, fob, and 17S9,
fol. This valuable work was reviewed in the Literary
Magazine by Dr. Samuel Johnson. A New Map of Ja-
maica, Lon., 1755, 2 sheets. By this map the doctor made
a profit of 400 guineas. A Catalogue of the Birds of Ire-
laud ; pub. in Exshaw's Mag., June, 1774; and in the
August number was pub. a Catalogue of the Fish of Ire-
land. The doctor visited Jamaica, Antigua, and other
islands, for the purpose of " collecting and preserving
specimens of the plants, birds, shells, &c. of those luxu-
riant soils, with a view to the improvement of natural
history."
Browne, Peter, d. 1735, a native of Ireland, was at
first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and afterwards
Bishop of Cork. A Letter in Answer to Toland's Chris-
tianity not Mysterious, Lon., 1697, Svo. The Progress,
Extent, and Limits of the Human Understanding. Lon.,
1728, Svo. Of Drinking in Remembrance of the Dead,
Lon., 1715, Svo. Of this custom the bishop highly disap-
proved. Discourse of Drinking Healths, Lon., 1716.
Things Divine and Supernatural, Ac, Lon., 1733, Svo.
Sermons, 1749, 2 vols. Svo.
'• Levelled principally against the Socinians ; written in a manly
and easy style, and much admired."
Browne, Peter Arrell, LL.D., b. 17S2, at Phila-
delphia. 1. Reports of Cases in the Court of Common
Pleas of the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Phila.,
1811, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Trichologia Mammalium ; or, A
Treatise on the Organization and Uses of Hairs and Wool,
1S53. 3. Notices and Anecdotes of the Bench and Bar of
Penna. from 1609, MS.
Browne, Philip, Vicar of Halsted, Essex. Sermons,
1682, "84. 4to.
Browne, Rev. R. W., Professor of Classical Litera-
ture in King's College. London. History of Greek and
Roman Classical Literature, Lon., 1S51-53, 2 vols. 8vo.
History of Greece, ISmo; of Rome, ISmo; pub. in Gleig's
School Series. History of Romo to the Death of Doniitian,
p. Svo. Soc. P. C. K. Classical Examination Papers, King's
Colleere, Svo.
'■ Mr. Browne's Uistory of Greek Classical Literature is in advance
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of every thing we have, and it may be considered indispensable to
the classical scholar and student."— Prof. J. A. Spencer. JV. York.
Professors Griffin of Williams College, Hyde of Burling-
ton College, and Harrison of the University of Virginia,
also highly commend this work.
Browne, Robert. Treatises on Longitude, &c, 1714/36.
Browne, Robert. System of Theology, revealed from
God by the Angels, in the British langu:ige, Lon., 1728, Svo.
Browne, Robert. Peach and Nectarine Trees, 1787.
Browne, Rowland J. A Practical Treatise on Ac-
tions at Law, Lon., 1S43, Svo.
'•A full, accurate, and useful treatise." — irarvin's Legal Bihl.
Browne, Sam. Collection of Merry Jokes, with the
curious story of the unfortunate French Pastry-Cook, Svo,
Browne, Sara H., a native of Sunderhmd, Massa-
chusetts, is known as the authoress of My Early Friends,
1S47. Recollections of My Sabbath-School Teachers, 1S50,
A'C. She has also contributed to the periodicals. See Hart's
Female Prose Writers of America, 1855.
Browne, Simon, 1 680-1732, a Dissenting minister of
great learning, was a native of Shepton Mallet, Somerset-
shire. In 1716 he accepted a call to the pa.storal charge
of the congregation of Dissenters in Old Jewry, London.
Here he was eagerly listened to by crowded congregations
until 1723, when, from grief at the loss of his wife and only
son, he became deranged on a particular suliject, though
mentally undisturbed on other matters. He was firmly
persuaded that the Supreme Being had
'•Annihilated in him the thinking substance, and utterly di-
vested him of consciousness : that thou;^h he retained the human
shape, and the faculty of speaking, in a manner that appeared to
others rational, he had all the while no more notion of what he
said than a parrot."
He continued under this delusion for the rest of his life.
He gave up his clerical charge, and refused to join in any
act of worship, either public or private. Yet while in this
sad condition, he wrote his celebrated answer to Woolston's
Discourse on the Miracles of our Saviour, and his strictures
upon Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation. If he ^cna
crazy, he was at least more than equal to tw*o infidels ; and so
Woolston and Tindal found to their cost. He also evinced his
mental vigour by the compilation of Greek and Latin Dic-
tionaries; though, indeed, he doe? not seem to have consi-
dered this any evidence of intellectual ability : he replied to
a friend who called in, and asked him what he was doing, — ■
*"I am doing nothing that rer]uires a reasonable soul; I am
making a Dictionary ; but you know thanks should be returned to
God for every thiug. and therefore for Diotion.ary-Makers."
We hope that our rather impolitic disinterestedness in
introducing this anecdote into our Lexicon will be duly
appreciated.
Browne pub. in 1706 A Caveat against Evil Company;
this was a short treatise. The True Character of the Pteal
Christian, 1709, Svo. Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1720,
12mo. Sermons, 1722. A Disquisition on the Trinity,
1732, Svo. A Fit Rebuke to a Ludicrous Infidel; in some
Kemarkson Mr. Woolston's Fifth Discourse on the Miracles
of our Saviour, 1732, Svo, with a Preface concerning the
prosecution of such writers by the Civil Power.
" In this answer Browne displays great ability. The preface is
considered a noble apology for liberty of conscience and of the
press, and a severe condemnation of civil prosecutions for matters
of opinion." — Lowndes.
Defence of the Religion of Nature, and the Christian
Revelation; against the defective account of the one, and
the exceptions against the other, in a book entitled Chris-
tianity as old as the Creation, Lon., 1732, Svo; against
Tindal. The Close of the Defence, Ac, 1733, Svo. Mr.
B. also contributed to a periodical entitled The Occasional
Paper; collected in 3 vols. Svo.
"He was a man of very considerable learning, of distinguished
virtue, of the most fervent piety, and was animated by an ardent
zeal for the interests of rational and practical reliijion. His abili-
ties made him respected, and his virtues rendered him beloved:
but such was the peculiarity of his case, that he lived a melancholy
instance of the weakness of human nature."
Browne, Stephen. Laws of Ingrossing,&c., 1765, Svo.
Browne, Theophilus. Harvest Sermon, 1708, 4to.
Browne, Theophilus. SelectPartsof Scripture.1805.
Browne, Thomas, D.D., 160-1-1673, anative of Mid-
dlesex, elected student of Christ Church, 1620; domestic
chaplain to Archbishop Laud, 1637; Canon of Windsor,
1639; and Rector of Oddington, Oxfordshire. Camden's
Tomus alter et idem ; or. The History of the Life and Death
of Queen Elizabeth, trans, into English, Lon., 1629, 4to.
To the original (Camden's Annals, vol. ii.. 1589-1602) the
translator hns added corrections, animadversions, Ac. A
Key to the King's Cabinet, Oxf., 1645, fol. De Posthurao
Grotii, Hague, 1646, Svo: pub. under the name of Simpli-
cius Virinus : it was a defence of Grotius against an epistle
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of Salmnsius. The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by
God Himself, Lon., 1649, Svo. Dissertatio de Therapeutis
Philonis adversus Henricum Valesiam, Lon., 1687, Svoj
subjoined to Colomesius's edit, of St. Clement's Epistles.
Sermon on Rom. x. 15, 1688, 4to. Latin Sermon on Horn,
x. 15, 1688, 4to.
Wood refers to a sermon of our author's, which produced
great excitement. It was one preached before the Univer-
sity in St. Mary's, Dec. 24, 1033;
"Which sermon being esteemed a blasphemous piece by the pu-
ritanical party of the said parish, they complained of it to tin; said
archbishop, [Laud,] who instead of having him punished, was
made (say they) canon of Windsor; and afterwards, when the said
archbishop's writings were seized on at Lambeth, the sermon was
found lying on his table: but this I presume was never printed." —
Athen. Ojci'TI.
Browne, Thomas. The Times : a Satyr,Lon.,1783,4to.
Browne, Thomas. Classical Dictionary, Lon., 1797,
12mo. Viridarium Poeticura, 1799, Svo. The British Ci-
cero, 1803, 3 vols. Svo. Pinacotheco classica, 1811, 12mo.
Browne, Captain Thomas Gunter. Hermes Un-
masked, 1795, Svo. Letters 3d and 4th, containing the
Mysteries of Metaphysics, Ac, 1790. Svo.
BroAVue, Sir Thomas, M.D., 1005-1682, one of the
most distinguished of English writers, was a native of Lon-
don. His father, ahighly respectable merchant, died during
his nonage, and his mother was married again to Sir Thomas
Dutton. His education was commenced at Winchester,
from whence, in 1623, he was sent to Pembroke College,
Oxford, where he was entered a gentleman commoner. He
took the degree of M.A., studied medicine, and commenced
practice in Oxfordshire. Shortly afterwards he visited the
Continent, studied at Padua, and was created Doctor of
Physic in the University of Leyden. He returned to Eng-
land about 1633, and between this and 1635 is supposed to
have written his Religio Medici. In 1636 he settled at
Norwich, and in 1637 he was created Doctor of Physic in
the University of Oxford. Four years later he was united
in marriage to a lady of the name of Mileham, of a Nor-
folk family. The wits considered his desertion of a bachelor
life, after his curious proposition in the Religio Medici, to
afford a fair handle against him. Lut Browne let them
laugh to their content, satisfied with his domestic happiness.
The amiable pair were united for the long term of one-and-
forty years, and saw ten children grtiwing up arounrl them.
He was chosen an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College
of Physicians in 1604, and in 1671 received the honour of
knighthood from Charles II. Before his death he made
donations for the bcnelit of Trinity College, Cambridge,
and Christ Church, Oxford. We now come to speak of
those works which have placed him in the first rank of
English authors. The Religio Mclici, — The Religion of
a Physician, — his first work, was nut designed, the author
states, for publication. A MS. copy floated about for some
time from hand to hand, until it found its way to the
press, without the author's knowledge, in 1642, in which
year two editions were pub. (Lon., Svo.) An edition
was put forth by the author in 1643, and by 1685 it had
passed through no less than eight editions. The corre-
spondence between Sir Kcnelm Digby and the author, rela-
tive to the annotations of the former, need only be alluded
to here. A detailed account will he found in the Biog.
Brit., and some sensible observations on the subject in
Johnson's Life of Sir Thomas Browne, and in Mr. Simon
Wilkins's Preface in H. G. Bohn's excellent edition, 1852,
3 vols. Mr. Merryweathcr of Cambridge introduced Re-
ligio Medici to the learned of other lands, by a Latin ver-
sion, which was pub. in Holland in 1644, and the same
year in Paris, and in Strasburg in 1652, with copious notes
by Moltkeuius. The notes of Sir Kenelm Digby will be
found in the English edition of 1643, and those in the
editions from 1644 are by Thomas Keek of the Temple.
From Merryweather's version it was trans, into Italiaii,
German, Dutch, and French.
*' The Keligio Medici was no sooner published, than it excited the
attention of the public by the novelty of paradoxes, the dignity
of sentiment, the quick succession of images, the multitude of ab-
struse allusions, the subtility of disquisition, and the strength of
language." — Db. Saml. Johnson.
The famous Guy Patin, in a letter from Paris, April 7,
1645, alludes to the sensation which its publication excited
in that polished capital :
"The book entitled Keligio Medici is in high credit here. The
author has wit; there are abundance of fine things in that book;
he is a humorist, whose thoujjhts are very aijreeable, but who, in
my opinion, is to seek for a master in religion — as many others
I are — and. in the end, perhaps, may find none. <)ne may say of
I him. as Philip de Comines did of the founder of the MInimes, a
hermit of Calabria. Francis de Paula, *■ he is still alive, and may
, grow worse as well as better,' "
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It is certainly calculated to induce caution in an author
wlien he rememhers that, for a few careless remarks, a sin-
cere Christian, like Browne, has had attributed to him a
character which he would have considered a lasting dis-
grace— that of an unbeliever in Christianity. Salmasius,
Buddajus, Tobias Wagner, Miiller, and Reiser, consider
him as doubtful, an infidel, or even atheistic, as their views
vary, whilst Keimmaunus and Heister warmly vindicat«
his orthodoxy. This grave charge of unbelief, or even of
skepticism, is altogether unjustifiable. The disreputable
ranks of the enemies of truth are ever on the watch to
stamp their brand of infamy on the brow of those whose
reputation they hope will strengthen their wretched cause.
As Johnson well remarks,
" In proportion as tbey doubt the truth of their own doctrines,
they are desirous to gain 'the attestation of another understanding :
and industriously labour to win a proselyte, and eagerly catch at
the sliybtest pretence to dignify their sect with a celebrated name."
Johnson sums up the case as respects Sir Thomas in his
own masterly style :
" The opinions of every man must be learned from himself:
concerning his practice, it is .safest to trust the evidence of others.
When these testimonies concur, no higher degree of historical cer-
tainty can be obtained; and they apparently concur to prove, that
Browne was a zealous adherent to the faith of Christ, that he lived
in obedience to bis laws, and died in confidence of his mercy."
In 1646 Browne pub. his Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or
Enquiries into very many received Tenets, and commonly
presumed Truths, (sm. folio;) 2d edit., enlarged and cor-
rected, 1650, fol. ; again in 1659, fob ; and in 1669, 72,
4to ; 6th edit., with improvements, 1673 ; in French, Paris,
1733, 2 vols. 12mo. This was received with great favour,
although it was criticized by Alexander Ross, (who as
Medicus Medicatus had attjicked Reli^io Medici,) as Arcana
Microcosmi, and by Robinson in his Eudoxa, or a Calm
Ventilation, &c.
" It is indeed to be wished, that he had longer delayed the pub-
lication, and added what the remaining part of his life might h.ave
furnished : the thirty-six years which he spent afterwards in study
and experience, would doubtless have made large .additions to an
Inquiry into Vulgar Krrors." — Johns<yn's Li/'- vf Sir T. B.
'• Browne's Inquiry into Yulgar Errors displays a great deal of
erudition, but scarcely raises a high notion of Browne himself as
a philosopher, or of the state of physical knowledge in England.
The errors he indicates are such as none but illiterate persons, we
should think, were likely to hold, .and I believe that few on the
continent so late as 1646. would have required to have them ex-
ploded with such an ostentation of proof Who did not know that
the ph<*nix is a fable?" — Hallams Introthic. Ui Lit. Hist.
But some other learned authorities estimate this work
very differently :
" No modern author has treated this subject more accurately or
copiously. In his first book he learnedly inquires into the general
causes of error; and in his succeeding books he not only discourses
of the mistakes which are crept into natural philosophy, but such
also as have corrupted history, theology, mechanic arts, and phy-
Sick." — MuRHOF.
'■ As he excelled in theoretical and practical divinity, so he shone
no less in philosophy, wherein be emulated Hercules; and under-
taking by his Fxmt. Ep. to clear the sciences from error, he fell
nothing short of the other's labour in cleansing the Augean stable."
— Keimm.\x.
" It is an excellent work, and contains abundance of curious
things.'' — NiCERON.
Pee Supplet. Memoir by Simon Wilkins, prefixed to H.
G. Bohn's edit., 1862, 3 vols.
In 1658 appeared his Hydriotaphia, ITrnc-Burial, or a
Discourse of the Sepulchral Urnes lately found in Norfolk.
" From the trivial incident of the discovery of a few urns at
Walsingham. he undertakes to treat of the funeral rites of all na-
tions, and has endeavoured to trace these rites to the principles
and feelings which gave rise to them. The extent of reading dis-
played in this single treatise is most astonishing, and the whole is
irradiated with the flashes of a bright and highly poetical genius,
though we are not sure that auy regular plan can be discovered in
the work." — Cunni7ig!iam's Biog. Hut., q. v.
" There is perhaps none of bis works which better exemplify his
reading or memory. It is scai-cely to be imagined how many par-
ticulars he has amassed together in a treatise which seems to have
been occasionally written ; and for which, therefore, no materials
could have been" previously collected." — Johnson's Lift of T, B.
To this work was added the Garden of Cyrus, or the
Quincunxial Lozenge, or Net Work Plantation of the An-
cients, artificially, naturally, mystically, considered. In
this work the author searches diligently for any thing ap-
proaching to the form of a quincunx, and his ingenuity
discovers, Coleridge says,
" Quincunxes in heaven above, quincunxes in earth below, quin-
cunxes in the mind of man. quincunxes in tones, in optic nerves,
in roots of trees, in leaves, in every thing.''
In lieu of a very learned defiuition of a quincunx, let
the reader accept the following as a pictorial representa-
tion thereof:
* *
»
• *
BRO
Johnson wittily remarks upon Browne's ingenuity in dis-
cuT-ering Quincunxes, that
" A reader, not watchful against the power of his infusions,
would imagine that decussation was the great business of the
world, and that nature and art had no other pin-pose than to ex-
emplify and imitate a quincunx."
Sir Thomas left a number of treatises, a collection of
which was published after his death, by Doctor, afterwards
Archbishop, Tcnison, (Lon., 1684, 8vo,) and another by
John Ilase. Christian Morals was pub. by Dr. Jeffrey in
1716. A notice of these learned pieces will be found ia
Johnson's Life of Browne. It has been remarked that
" Certainly never any thing fell from his pen which did not de-
serve to see' the light. His very letters were dissertations, and
full of singular learning, though written upon the most common
subjects."
His collected works were pub. in 1686, fol. In 1836
Simon Wilkin. F.L.S., Esq., favoured the world with an
edition in 4 vols. 8vo, which has been recently (in 1852)
pub. in 3 vols. Svo, in Henry G. Bohn's excellent Antiqua-
rian Library, which, with his other valuable libraries of
standard works, we commend to the reader's attention. In
Mr. Wilkin's edition of Browne's works will be found, be-
sides other important matter, much bibliographical in-
formation respecting the early impressions of Browne's
diflferent treatises. Every one who desires to enjoy the
evidences of a massive grandeur which he little expected
to find in an English author, should hasten to the perusal
of the verba, ardentia — the ^joiii/cra verborum — of Brovrae,
as to a noble intellectual repast. We think that too much
stress has been laid upon Johnson's alleged imitations of
the style of the learned physician. The lexicographer
was more indebted to Browne than was the essayist. John-
son certainly learned something from Browne, but perhaps
he profited as much by Chambers, and more by Sir William
Temple. In depth and suggestiveness Browne as much
excels Johnson, as the latter excels the former in fluency
and grace of modulation. Who ever had to read a sen-
tence of Johnson's twice before he could comprehend it ?
Who ever read a page of Browne's without a reinspection
of several passages, which had perplexed more than they
had gratified? Tfet such intellectual exercise is most
healthful, and promotes a mental robustness and vigour
which amply repay the cost at which they are acquired. We
commend to the attention of our readers the following vo-
lume : — Religio Medici : Its Sequel. Christian Morals. By
Sir Thomas Browne, Kt., M.D. With resemblant Passages
from Cowper's Task ; and a Verbal Index, post Svo.
" The public in general, and all readers of pure taste and virtu-
ous feelings in particular, are deeply indebted to the editor for
publishing, for the first time. Sir T. Browne's admirable Religio
Medici and its sequel. Christian Morals, together in one volume;
and also for his careful correction of the text in both. The index
is rich in good old English words; but the great attraction is the
quot^ition of corresponding pass;iges from Cowper's Task, which
shew how fully imbued the poet was with the elder author.'' — Lon.
Literary GazetJe.
We conclude with some opinions upon the works of this
ornament of knighthood and medicine, — than whom a
greater has not adorned the learning of the one, nor dig-
nified the chivalry of the other.
" Sir Thomas Browne, by his intense earnestness and vivid so-
lemnity, seems ready to endow the grave itself with life. He does
not linger in the valley of the shadow of death, but enters within
the portals where the reg.al destroyer keeps his awful state; and
yet there is nothing thin. ain'. or unsubstantial — nothing ghostly
or shocking in his works. He unveils, with a reverent touch, the
material treasures of the sepulchre : he describes these with the
learning of an antiquary ; moralizes on them with the wisdom ofa
philosopher; broods ov'er th.-ui with the tenderness of an enthu-
siast; aud associates with them sweet congenial images, with the
fancy of a poet. He is the laureat of the king of terrors ; and most
nobly does he celeln-ate the earthly magnificence of his kingdom.
He discovers consolations not only in the hopes of immortality,
but in the dustv .and sad ornaments of the tomb. Never surely
by any other writer was sentiment thus put into dry bones.'' — Lo7l.
ItHrospective Iteview. lS-20. vol. i. S9.
"I wonder and admire his entireness in every subject that is
before him. He follows it, he never wanders from it. and he has
no occasion to wander; for whatever happens to be the subject, he
metamorphoses all nature into it. In the treatise on some urns
dug up in Norfolk, how earthy, how redolent of graves and sepul-
chres is every line! You h.ave now dark mould, now a thigh-bone,
now a skull, then a bit of mouldered coffin, a fragment of an old
tombstone with moss in its ' Ilic .lacot," a ghost, or a winding-sheet,
or the echo of a funeral psalm wafted on a November wiud; and
the gayest thing you shall meet with shall be a silver nail or a gilt
'Anno' Domini.' from a perished cofRn-top." — Charles Lamb.
'' It is not on the praises of others, but on his own writings, that
he is to depend for the esteem of posterity ; of which he will not
easily he deprived while learning shall have any reverence among
men; for there is no science in which he does not discover some
skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or sacred, ab-
struse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated with
success."— PR. Sami. Johxson. , „. „, „ „.
" A superior genius was exhibited in Su- Thomas Browne. His
BRO
mind was fortile and ingenious; his annlnffies oriLilnal and ■hril- |
liant; and his learuiuj; so much out of the beatou path, that it ,
gives a peculiar and uncommon air to all his writings." — Hallam.
" Such was his sagacity and knowledge of all history, ancient
and modern, and his observations thereupon so singular, that it i
hath been said by them that knew him best, that if his profession, j
and place of abode, would have suited his ability, he would have '
made an extraordinary man for the privy council, not much in-
ferior to the famous Padre Paulo, the late oracle of the Venetian
stat^." — Whitefoot.
"With regard to the question, before referred to, as to the
religious opinions of Sir Thomas, it is to ho observed that I
all doubt upon that point should be settled by the testi- I
niony of Whitefont, his intimate friend for forty-one years :
"He fully assented to the Church of Kni-'land, preferiinc; it be-
fore any in the world, as did the learned Orotius. He attended '
the publick service very constantly, when he was not withheld by
his practice. Never missed the sacrament in his parish, if he '
were in town. ... I visited him near his end, when he had not
strength to hear or speak much; the last words which I heard
from him were, besides some expressions of dearness, that he did
freely submit to the will of God, being without fear."
We doubt not that, in that solemn hour which converts
even thoughtlessness into solemnity, this wise and learned
physician, who had been all his lifetime subject to the
fear, guided by the counsel, and animated by the love, of
that great Being who trieth the heart of the children of
men, and understandeth all their ways-, — we doulit not, in
that solemn hour, he could look beyond the "narrow
bouse appointed for all living" — the furniture of which no
other pencil hath so magnificently described — to the *' suf-
ficiency of Christian immortality,'' — to the resurrection of
the just. Was the English tongue ever put to a grander
use than in that noble " conclusion of the whole matter,"
with which he sums up what we may call the requiem of
the King of Terrors himself? —
" But the sufficiency of Christian immortality frustrates all
earthly glnry. and the quality of either state after death makes a
folly of posthumous memory. God, who can only destroy our
souls, and hath assured our resurrection, either of our bodies or
names hath directly promised no duration. Wherein there is so
much of chance, that the boldest expectants have found an un-
happy frustration ; and to hold long subsistence seems but a scape
in oblivion. But man is a noble animal, splendid in ashes, and
pompous in the grave, solemnizing nativities and death with
equal lustre, nor omitting ceremonies of bravery in the infemy of
his nature." — Ifi/dn'otuphia, Book v.
It had been melancholy indeed, if that far-reaching and
comprehensive mind, which knew so much of the works
of God, had never attained to the knowledge of their Crea-
tor: if that brilliant intellect, which had shed so bright
a light for the instruction and edification of others, had
itself, at last, gone "out in obscure darkness!"
Browne, W., Vicar of Wing. Sermon, 1716, Svo,
Browne, William. His Fiftie Years' Practice: or
an Exact Discourse concerning Snaffle Riding, for Trot-
ting and Ambling, Lon., 1624, 4to.
Browne, William, b. 1590. at Tavistock, in Devon-
shire, became a student of Exeter College, Oxford, about
the beginning of the reign of James I. Britannia's Pas-
toralls, two books, part 1, 1613; part 2, 1616; Lon. fob:
both parts, 1625, Svo. The Shepherd's Pipe, Lon., 1614,
1620, Svo. His Works, containing the above two, the
Inner Temple Masque, and other Poems, edited by the
Rev. W. Thompson, Lon., 1772, 3 vols. sm. Svo.
Browne's poetry was greatly admired in its day, but
soon fell into neglect. The author of the advertisement
prefixed to his works laments that
" He who was admired and beloved by all the best writers of his
time; who was esteemed and recommended highly by the critical
Johnson and the learned Selden, was, in a few years aftfcT his
death, almost fortrotten."
The fourth Eclogue of The Shepherd's Pipe, in which
he laments the death of his friend Thomas Manwood. has
been greatly commended. The writer just quoted remarks,
"I dare not say, that it is equal to the celebrated Lycidas of
Milton, but surely it is not much inferior. Tliat genius has not
disdained to imitate William Browne ; and Lycidas owes its origin
to Philarete."
"It will appear even to our most infallible critics, that thoufrh
Mr. Browne wrote an hundred and eleven years ago, his language
is as nervous, his numbers as harmonious, his descriptions as
natural, his panegyrics as soft, and his s;atire ns pnint<-d. as any
that are to be found in the whip-svllabub pn.'tasti-rs of the iire=ent
century." — Memoirs nfthe Life of WHlfaiu Pattisfm. puh. in ITlJS.^ro.
"His imagination was fertile, and his mind vigorous; but his
judgment was corrupted bj' those Italian models which the fashion
of his day taught him to imitate. His descriptions, though pic-
turesque, have an air of extravagance; his conceptions, though
strong, have marks of deformity; and his language never flows in
a. strain of continued purity. He could not plan with precision
and delicacy, and was unable to join correctness with spirit." — ■
Lon. M>Nt/,f}/ Review, 1112.
Anthiiny Wood remarks that
" As he had honoured his country with his elegant and sweet
pastorals, so was he expected, and also entreated, a little iarther
BRO
to grace It, by drawing out the line of his poetic ancestors, begin-
ning in Joseph Iscauius. [Joseph of Exeter, 13th century,] and
ending in himself." — Alhen. Ozon.
Wood says that much of a work of this kind had been
prepared by Browne, and Oldys intimates the same thing,
and pronounces him to have been most capable of so im-
portant an undertaking :
*■ He was reported a man not only the best versed in the works
and beauties of the English poets, but also in the history of their
lives and characters.' — Oldys's MS^'.
We take the above notices from the Biog. Brit., to which
the reader is referred for further particulars.
" It appears to us, that sufficient justice has not, since the era
of Milton, been paid to his talents ; for, though it be true, as Mr.
llnulley has observed, that puerilities, forced allusions, and con-
ceits, have frequently debased his materials, yet are these amply
atoned for by some of the highest excellencies of his art; by an
imagination ardent and fertile, and sometimes sublime; by a vivid
personitication of passion : by a minute and truly fiiithful delinea-
tion of rural scenery ; b_v a peculiar vein ol tenderness which runs
through the whole of his pastorals, and by a versification uncom-
monly varied and melodious. With these are combined a species
of romantic extr-avagance which sometimes heightens, but more
frequently degrades the effect of his pictures. Had he exhibited
greater judgment in the selection of his imagery, and greater sim-
plicity in his style, his claim on posterity had been valid, had been
general and undisputed,"— X'roA-c's Shakspeare and his Times.
Sir Egcrton Brydges pub. some poems of Browne, not
before printed. We regret that we have not space for the
eloquent eulogy of Browne by Thomas Miller, a delightful
writer of our own day, still living. We must extract a
line or two :
" He carries with him the true aroma of old forests: his lines
are mottled with mosses, and there is a gnarled ruggedness upon
the stems of his trees. His waters have a wet look and splashing
sound about them, and you feel the fresh air play around you
while you read. His birds are the free denizens of the fields, and
they Send their songs so life-like thjough the covert, that their
music rings upon the ear, and you are carried away with his
' sweet pipings.' "
Browne commemorates in ardent strains the poetical
powers of his friend George Wither:
''C-iVis and Wither, by whose Muse's power,
A n.atural day to me seems but an hour;
And could I ever hear their learned lays,
Ages would turn to artificial days.'*
Pi-frm Bntannia's Pastorals.
Wither returns the compliment in as complimentary a
style ;
"Roget here on Willy calls
To sing out his Pastoralls:
Warrants F.ame sh.all grace his rhymes.
Spite of Envy and the Times."
Frrmi Jhtises Stript and Whipt: or, Satyrical Essays, Lon.y
1613. Svo.
Again,
" I feel an envious touch.
And tell thee, swain, that at thy fame I grutch;
Wishing the art that makes this pot-m shine.
And this thy work (wert thou not wronged) mine."
Rare Ben Jonson admired Browne greatly :
'■I would
More of our writers would, like thee, not swell
W'ith the how much they set forth, but the how well."
A poet who can elicit the warm encomiums of such men
as Seldon, Jonson, Drayton, Wither, Davies, and many
others, distinguished for learning or knowledge of the
poet's art — and those men his contemporaries — mu^t needs
have rare merit. To few authors has it chanced to be so
enthusiastically lauded by one age and so thoroughly neg-
lected by the next. Of poems which were devoured with
rapture, and praised with warmth, a third edition was not
demanded for a century and a half.
Browne, Sir WiUiam, M.D.. 1692-1774, a native
of N(Mfo!k, wns entered of Peter-house, Cambridge, in
1707, where he took the degrees. B.A., 1710; M.A., 1714;
51. D., 1721. He was a frequent xmblisher of small pieces,
principally classical, and always with as thorough an in-
fusion of Latin and Greek as they would possibly bear, for
Sir William was as fond of the '* manner of the ancients"
as was his professional brother in Peregrine Piclvle. We
notice a few of his publications: Dr. Gregory's Elements
of Catoptrics and Dioptrics, translated from the Latin
Original, <tc., Lon., 1715. Svo. The Pill Plot, 1734, 4to.
Opuscula Varia, 1765, 4to. A Vindic. of the College of
Physicians, 1753. Odes in imitation of Horace, addressed
to Sir Robert AYalpole and the Duke of Montagu, 1765.
A Farewell Oration at the College of Physicians, 1768, 4to :
this contains many curious particulnrs of Sir William's life.
Fragmenta Isaaci Hawkins Browne, Ac, 1768, 4to. Three
Odes. 1771, 4to. A Proposal on our Coin, 1774, 4to. A
New Year's Gift, 1772, 4to. Speech to the Royal Society,
1772, 4to. Elegy and Address, 1773, 4to. A Latin Ver-
sion of Job, unfinished, 4to.
Sir William was a most curious character, and the reader
265
BRO
BRO
will find an interesting account of him in Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes, and Chalmers's Biog. Diet. Bishop War-
burton gives an amusing account (in a letter to Bishop
Hurd) of a visit with which he was honoured by Sir
William :
'' When I came down into the drawing-room, I was accosted bj-
a little, munii. well-fi-d gentleman, with a lari;e mutt in one hand,
a small Horace, open, in the other, and a sp\ inn-trl^ss dan(j;liug in
a black ribbon at his button. . . . We then t^ok our chairs; and
the first thing he did or said, was to propose a douht to mo con-
cerning a passai^e in Horace, which all this time he hart still open
in his hand. Before I could answer, he gave me the solution of
this long-misunderstood passage; and, in support of his explana-
tion, had the charity to repeat his own paraphrase of it in English
verse, just come hot, as he said, from the brain."
Foote, in his Devil upon Two Sticks, gave an exact re-
presentation of him, as sketched above, upon the stage.
Sir William sent him his card, thanking hira for so happy
a likeness, but remarked that as Foote had forgotten the
muff, he sent him his own !
At the age of eighty, he came to Batson's coffee-house
in his laced coat and band, and fringed white gloves, to
show himself to Mr. Crosby, then Lord Mayor. A gentle-
man present observing that he looked very well, he re-
plied he had "neither wife nor debts."
Browne, William George, 1768-1S13, an eminent
traveller, a native of London, educated at Oriel College,
Oxford, was murdered by banditti when on his way from
Tabriz to Teheran. Mr. Brown was stimulated to the
love of adventure by the perusal of Bruce's Travels. lie
passed many years in investigations in Africa, Egypt,
Syria, Greece, &c. Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria,
in the years 17^2-98, Lon., 1799, 4to; 2d and best edit.,
enlarged,ISDt;, 4to.
" This work was hiichly esteemed, and is classed by Major Ken-
nel among the best performances of the kind: but from the ab-
ruptness and dryness of the style, it never became very popu-
lar."— Etict/c. Brit.
" From Kahira Mr. Brown penetrated into Upper Egypt. In ac-
companying this traveller throu;h that country, the reader will
find much more of ancient curiosities on the one hand, and a much
abler description of the people on the other, than in Sonnini." —
Anti-Jacobin Revinw.
"A most valuable work, and except in some few peculiarities
of the author, a model for travellers; it is particularly instructive
in what relates to Darfour." — Stevenson.
" In courage, prudence, love of science, and intimate acquaint-
ance with the Eastern languages and manners, he has never been
exceeded." — Pinkertox.
Brownell, Henry Howard. Poems, N. Y., 16mo.
'* There is much genuine poetry in this volume. The sentiment
is elevated, the imagery at times highly impressive, and some of
the poems are calculated deeply t^ atfect our finer sensiliilities."
Brownell, Thomas Church, D.I)., LL.D., Bishop
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of Con-
necticut, b. 1779, at Westfield, Massachusetts, has pub. a
number of valuable theological works. Commentary on
the Book of Common Prayer, r. 8vo. Consolation for the
Afflicted, 18mo. Christian's Walk and Consolation, ISmo.
Exhortation to Repentance, ISmo. Family Prayer Book.
Religion of the Heart and Life. 5 vols. Religious In-
quirer Answered, ISmo. Youthful Christian's Guide, ISmo
Browning, Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett, b. iu Lon-
don of a family in affluent circumstances, and educated
with great care. She gave very early proofs of genius.
At the age of ten she attempted writing both iu prose and
verse, and at fifteen her powers as a writer were known to
her friends. Her " Essay on Mind, with other Poems,"
was published by her at the age of seventeen. The Sera-
phim, aud other Poems, Lon., 1833, The Romaunt of the
Page, 1839, The Drama of E.\ile, Isubel's Child, Casa
Guidi Windows, ISol, Miscellaneous Poems, &c. deservedly
occupy a high place in English poetical literature. In
addition to her original works, she has distinguished her-
self by a translation into English of the Prometheus Bound
of iEschylus, which has been styled
*' A remarkable performance for a young lady, but not a good
translation iu and by itself. It is too frequently uncouth, with-
out being faithful, and, under a pile of sounding words, lets the
fire go out. . . . Miss Barrett has not attempted to reproduce the
grand effect of anaprestic systems of the (ireek. for which, never-
theless, there are great facilities in English, and, instead of the
fullest and completest close in the whole range of the Greek drama,
the English Prometheus comes to au end before you expect it." —
Lon. Quar. Rev.
This version of the Prometheus Bound was pronounced
**an early failure" by the mature juilgment of the writer,
who made a new translation, which now ajipcars iu the
collected edition of her works. Mrs. Browning, who is as
distinguished for learning as for genius, contributed a
series ()f critical papers on the Greek Christian Poets to
the Loudon Atheuaium.
Miss Barrett was married in 1846 to Mr. Robert Brown-
ing, the author of Pnrr.celsus, &c. The reviewer whom
wu hi've just quoted gives our authoress credit for *' extra-
ordinary acquaintance with ancient classical literature/'
and few writers of the day have more enthusiastic ad-
mirers, whilst certain grave faults are fully acknow-
ledged:
'■ It is with real pain that we say, surely never was gold so dis-
gui.sed and overlaid with tinsel as hers, — never was real merit
made to look so like what Carlyle would call a ' sham.' She pos-
sesses genius, a cultivated mind, a truth-loving heart, quick powers
of observation, and luxuriancy of lancy and expression; but that
luxuriance too often verges — to say the least — on extravagance.
Her thoughts, fine in themselves, are not clearly conceived, and
are expressed in a wilderness of words in which it is sometimes dif-
ficult to pick up one distinct, intelligible idea. Her genius is er^
ratic, and runs away with her: in short, what avails truth to na-
ture, and poetic power, when the writer thinks proper to be unin-
telligible? . . . Thereislittle in thepraisewhichhas been bestowed
on Miss Barrett's poems in which we cannot heartily join, and we
might have contented ourselves with citing agreeable passages
and iterating that praise: but we have pursued a course more
likely, we hope, to be profitable to this highly-gifted lady, and to
the minds of the living and unborn on whom she has the power
to confer benefit — and benefit of the highest order." — £rittsh Quai--
terly Review, vol.ii. p. 337.
We refer the reader to a review of the poems of our
authoress in Blackwood's Magazine, vol. Ivi. p. 621.
•■ It is plain that Miss Barrett would always write well if she
wrote simply from her own heart, and without thinking of the
composition of any other author — at least let her think of them
only in so far as she is sui'e that they embody great thoughts iu
pure and appropriate language, and in forms of construction which
will endure the most rigid scrutiny of common sense and unper-
verted taste."
The faults with which this gifted author is justly charge-
able— obscurity, strained and affected construction, and in-
congruous admixtures of the language of iEschylus with
the language of Shakspeare — we hope to see reformed alto-
gether in her future labours. One of her reviewers re-
marks,
'' Mr. Leigh Hunt, in one of his clever poems, calls her ' the
sister of Teunyson.' "We object to this, and claim her as Sliaks-
pere's daughter! Great as Robert Browning is in the world of
poetry, his wife is literally ' the better half.' "
Mr. Moirj one of the fairest of contemporary critics, re-
marks,
'■Gifted with a fine and peculiar genius, what Mrs. Browning
might have achieved, or may yet achieve, by concentration of
thought and rejection of unworthy materials, it is impossible to
sav; but most assuredly she has hitherto marred the effect of much
she has written bv a careless self-satisfaction. Instead of being a.
comet that ' from' its horrid hair shakes pestilence and war.' she
might have been, and I trust is destined yet to be, a constellation
to twinkle for ever in silver beauty amid the blue serene." —
SkeJ/:hes of the Bjet. Lit. of the Past Half-Cmiury.
'•Mrs. "Browning's Poems are of the class the full beauty and
value of which can but scantily be indicated by extracts. Yet it
would not be difficult to select passages instinct with a life and
beauty of their own." — London Examui^r.
Our learned friend. Rev. Dr. Geo. W. Bethune, a critic
of exquisite taste, remarks that
'■ Mrs. Browning is singularly bold and adventurous. Her wing
carries her. without faltering at their obscurity. int« the cloud and
the mist, where not seldom we fail to follow her, but are tempted,
while we admire the honesty of her enthusiasm, to believe that
she utters what she herselfhas but dimly perceived. Much of
this, however, arises from her disdain of carefulness."
AVe shall conclude our sketch with a few lines from two
of our writer's own sex :
" Such is the iutluence of her manners, her conversation, her
temper, her thousand sweet and attaching qualities, that they
who know her best are apt to lose sight altogether of her learning
and of her -lenius, and to tbink of her only as the most charming
person that they have ever met."— Maty Rtasdl JUit/ord's Recol-
lections nf a Litt'-rari/ Life.
"In delicacy of perception Miss Barrett may vie with any of ber
sex. t^he has what is called a true woman's heart, although we
must believe tbat men of a fine conscience and good organ i/,at ion
will have such a heart no less. Signal instances occur to us in
the cases of Spenser, Wordsworth, and Tennyson. The woman
who reads them will not find hardness or blindness as to the sul>-
tier workings of thoughts and affections.
"If men are often deficient on this score, women on the other
hand are apt to pay excessive attention to the slight tokens, the
little things of life. Thus, in conduct ur writing, they tend to
weary us with a morbid sentimeiiliilism. From this fault Miss
Barrett is wholly free."'— Maiigaret Fuller.
The 4lh Kug. ed. of Mrs. Browning's Poems was pub.
Lon., 1S66, 3 vols. 12mo; and in the same year she gave
to the world Aurora Leigh. Reviews of this poem will bo
found iu the North British Review, February, 1867, (being
a general uotice uf Mrs. Browning's literary characteristics,)
and in the London Athenaeum. Nov. 22, 1856. No. 1425 j
N. Amer. Rev.. Ac. Amer. ed. of her poems, N.Y., 3 vols.
12mo. Aurora Leigh, 12mo.
An excellent edition of Mrs. Browning's Poems hafl
been published by Francis & Co., N.Y.
Browning) Geo. Condition of Great Britain, Lon.,
1834, 8vo.
BRO
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Browning, J. Lorenzo. Pignotti's History of Tus-
cany, interspersed with Essays trans, from the Italian,
with Life of the author, by J. L. B., 4 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1S23.
'•Amongst the modern writers of Italy, whose works, both in
poetry and prose, stand hi.i^h in the public estimation, is the late
Lorenzo Piijnotti, one of the authors enumerated by Pozzetti as
entitled to lixttjig fuTiif.'''' — RoscoE.
BroAVuiug;, John. Sermons, Lon., 1636, 4to.
Browning, John. Con. to Phii. Trans., 1746, *51.
Elei tricity, Population, &c.
Browning, Robert, b. 1813, at Camberwell, Eng-
land, and educated at the London University, is one of the
most eminent poets of the day. In 18.36 he pub. Paracel-
sus, which was highly commended by a number of critics,
but not extensively read. In 1837 his Tragedy of Straf-
ford was produced, Mr. Macready personatin.s; the hero.
"■ It is the worlc of a young i>oet," remarks a critic, " but is well
conceived and arranged for effect, while its relation to a deeply-in-
terestint; and stirring period of British history gives it a peculiar
attraction to an English audience."
Mr. Browning's other works are Sordella; Pippa Passes;
The Blot in the Scutcheon, (played at Drury Lane in 1843,")
King Viator and King Charles; Dramatic Lyrics; Return
of the Druses ; Columbe's Birthday : Dramatic Romances;
Luria; Bells and Pomegranates, (of which Pippa Passes is
the first:) Christmas Eve; Easter-Day; Men and Women,
1855. His collected works have been pub. in 2 vuls. I2mo,
Lon., {last ed., 1849,) and also by Ticknor & Fields, of
Boston, 2 vols. 18mo, (last ed., 1856.) Mr. Browning was
married in November, 1846, to Elizabeth Barrett, one of
the most learned poetesses of the age. Since their mar-
riage they have resided in Florence.
'■ Next to Tennyson, we hardly know of another Eni;lish poet
who can be compared with Browning. The grandest pieces in the
volumes [of his Collected Works] are Pippa Passes, and A Blot in
the Scutcheon. The latter, in the opinion of Charles Pickens, is
the finest Poem of the century. Once read, it must haunt the
imagination forever: for its power strikes deep into the very sub-
stance and core of the soul." — E. P. WniPPLE.
" Many Plnglish dramas have been written within a few years,
the authors of which have established their claim to the title of
poet. Vt'e cannot but allow that we find in them fine thoughts
finely expressed, passages of dignified and sustained eloquence,
and as adequate a conception of character as the reading of history
and the study of models will furnish. But it is only in Mr. Brown-
ing that we find enough of freshness, vigour, grasp, and of that
clear insight and conception which enable the artist to construct
characters from within, and so to make them real things, and not
images, as to warrant our gi-anting the honour due to the dra-
matist."— James Kussell Lowell: N. Ainer. Jteview, Ixvi. 357;
read the whole of this well-written artii-le.
"■ He is equally a master of thought and emotion, and joins to a
rare power of imaginative creation that which is still more rarely
found in union with it — the subtlest power of mental reasoning
and analysis. Over the instrument of languaire he exerts the
most facile mastery, and few poets have moved with such free and
flowing step through the most complicated word mazes of music
and measure." — Londrm Exainivpr.
"We should say that Robert Browning deserves his position
from his originality; but although his name has a certain celebrity,
he has not yet won for himself a niche in the temple of bis nation's
literature. He is rather a thinker than a singer; and yet cannot
be accepted as a remarkable thinker. The grand conception of his
larger works is weak and wavering, but the details exhibit no
common powers. Whatever merits he may possess, ai'e, however,
damaged by the eccentricity and want of beauty of his style. It
is abrupt, harsh, full of tamiliar turns, and yet not familiar in its
general structui-e: spasmodic in its vehemence, and obscure from
mere negligence." — Brit. Quarterly Femew. vi. 1S47.
Browning, Thomas. Prison Thoughts, 1683. 4to.
BroAvning, W. S. Provost of Paris; a Tale, Lon.,
3 vols. 8vo. History of the Huguenots, 16th Century,
3 vols. Svo; ditto from 1598 to 1838, 1 vol. 8vo,
" One of the most interesting and valuable contributions to mo-
dern history." — Lon. (knt. Mag.
Brownlee, William Craig, D.D., b. 1784, at Tor-
foot, the family estate, near Strathaven, Scotland. His
paternal ancestors bad been the "Lairds of Torfoot" for
many generations. Pastor of a Dutch Reformed Church
in N. York for many years, and has pub. many valuable
theolog. works. The Christian Father at Home. Christian
Youth's Book, and Manual for Communicants, luquiry
into the Religious Principles of the Society of Quakers.
Lights and Shadows of Christian Life. On Popery. On
Roman Catholic Controversy. The Converted Murderer.
Whigs of Scotland ; a Romance. Deity of Christ. His-
tory of Western Apostolic Churches. Other works.
Brownlow, Bp. of Winchester. Sermons. 1799. 4t.o.
Brownlow, Richard (and John Goldesho-
rough's) Reports in C. Pleas temp. Elizabeth and James I.,
Lon., 1651, '54, '75, 4to. Latine Redivivus, 1693, fol.
Surreptitious and imperfect copies were in circulation
"Before the complete copy of l(J9:i. They were trans, into Eng-
lish, and pub, in 1653 ; again with additions in 11.^.54. In Hi[t3 the
book was repub. in the original Latin, with additions, because,
the editor says, in 1653 and in 1654, these Kntries were unskilftdly
turned into English. One of the translators, in speaking of the
work. says. * 1 may dare to promise, without the imposition of te-
merity, that allowing for human incidency, it may as justly claim
the title of perfect as any thing of this nature hitherto published.' "
■ — Marvin's Legid Bihl.
Brownlow compiled several other legal treatises.
Brownrig, or Brounrig, Ralph, D.D., 1592-
1659, a native of Ipswich, entered Pembroke College,
Cambridge, at 14; Archdeacon of Coventry, 1631; was
made Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and Vice-
chancellor of the University; Bishop of Exeter, 1642.
He was deprived by the Parliament of the revenues of bis
bishopric, and of his mastership of Catherine Hall. The
Parliament did not relish his plain discourses. Forty
Sermons, 1652, fol. ; reprinted with 25 others, making a
second volume, Lon., 1665, 2 vols. fol. He had the cou-
rage to " advise Oliver Cromwell to restore King Charles II.
to bis just rights." But the *' Protector" had no idea of
so easily depriving himself of the "price of blood."
" He was a great mau for the Anti-Arminian cause, (for he was a
rigid Calvinist,) yet a mighty champion for the liturgy and ordina-
tion of bishops : and his death was highly lamented by men of all
parties." — Ecu.uiD.
" Dr. Gauden. who had known him above thirty years, declares
that he never heard of any thing said or done by him which a
wise and good man would have wished unsaid or undone. . . .
He was one of tho.se excellent men with whom Archbishop Tillot-
son cultivated an acquaintance at his coming to Loudon, and by
whose preaching and example he formed himself."
" His style is tolerably good, and his sentences generally short.
But he is too full of divisions and subdivisions, and of scraps of
Latin and Greek: which was the great lault of the age he lived
in." — Biog. Brit.
Dr. Gauden's eulogy is such a curious mixture of friend-
ship and pedantry, that we must needs give it to the reader:
'■ He was a person of those ample and cubical dimensions, for
IieigJith of learning and understanding, for ilepf/i of humility and
devotion, for length of all molality and virtue, and fur hrraf'ith of
all humanity and charity, that it is hard to contract ar epifoviize
him. He had the learning of Nazianzen, Basil, or Jekom ; the
courage and constancy of Athanasius and St. Ambrose; the elo-
quence of St. CrmvsosTOM and Cdrysologus; the mildness and
gentleness of St. Ctprian or St. Austin ; the charity and benigni-
ty of Paulinus and AIartinus." — Memorials of Bishnp Browrrng.
*' He had wit at will ; but so that he made it his page, not privy
councillor; to obey, not direct his judgment. He carried learn-
ing enough in num-ratn about him in his pockets for any dis-
course, and had much more at home in his chests for any serious
dispute. It is hard to say whether his loyal memory, quick fancy,
solid judgment, or fluent utterance were most to be admired, hav-
ing not only fiurnm but fulmen doqmnticB, being one who did
teach with authoritv." — FnUer^s WmiJiics.
Brownris:g, William, M.D., 1711-1800, a native of
Cumberland, studied medicine at London, and afterwards
at Leyden, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1737.
Art of Making Common Salt, Lon., 1748, Svo. Considera-
tions on Pestilential Contagion, I77I, 4to. Con. to Phil.
Trans., 175.3, &c. When the President of the Boyal So-
ciety, Sir John Pringle, was called on to bestow upon Dr.
Priestley the gold medal for bis paper of Discoveries on
the Nature and Properties of Air, he remarked,
" It is no disparagement to the learned Di-. Priestley, that the
vein of these discoveries was hit upon, some years ago, by my
very learnei, very penetrating, very industrious, but too modest,
friend, Dr. Brownrigg."
Dr. Brownrigg was undoubtedly the "legitimate father*'
of this class of discoveries.
Brownsmith, John, The Rescue, or Thespian
Scourge, 1767. Svo. Dramatic Timepiece, being a ealcu-
liition of the Length of Time every Act takes in the Per-
forming, in all the acting Plays at the Theatre Royal of
Drury Lane, &c. &c., 1767. Svo. It is said that books
have been written about almost every thing, and it ap-
pears that Mr. Brownsmith determined to find a subject
for his industry. If he could have accurately informed
the public of all the evil effects in various ways produced
every night by the theatre, and its many injurious in-
fluences, he would have been a benefactor to society
indeed !
Brownson, Orestes A., b. about 1S02, is a native
of Windsor county, Vermont. He has been, in succession,
a Presbyterian minister, a Universalist, a Dei.«t, again a
Christian minister, — and is now a Roman Catholic layman.
Some attention was excited to Mr. Brownson's pecu-
liarities by a series of articles in the Christian Examiner.
In 1836 he gave to the world a volume entitled. New Views
of Christianity, Society, and the Church. Two years later
he commenced the pulilication of the Boston Quarterly
Review, in which periodical the principal part of his writ-
ings have appeared. In 1843 it was merged in the De-
mocratic Review, pub. in New York, to which Mr. B. en-
gaged to contribute. His papers were not received with
much warmth, and in 1844 he revived his periodical under
the title of Brownson's Quarterly Review, which is still
267
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continued, largely supplied with Mr. Brownson's lucubra- |
tions. In 1840 he puh. an account of his religious ex- ;
perienee, under the title of Charles Elwood, or the Infidel
Converted. Mr. Brownson is a great admirer of the phi-
losophy of M. Comte, as developed in the Cours do Philo-
sophie Positive. A well-written notice of Mr. Brownson's
literary character will be found in Griswold's Prose Wri-
ters of America.
" We have no douljt that Charles Elwood will aid many a douMer
to a cheerful faith, and confirm many a feclilu mind in the faith it
has already professed."— C/iri'sdan Kiaminrr. ,i ■
" The style of Mr. Brownsoo has some good qualities. It is
commonplace, without purity, and destitute of any ch.iracteristic |
hrilliance or elegance: but it is natural, direct, and plain. It is
that simple and unaffected manner which has the appearance ot_ ,
being formed, not upon any plan, but merely by practice and use.
—11. W. Griswold. 1
"The nictai.liysical talents of Mr. 0. A. Brownson are well
known tliiouKhout tlie United States. He is an able critic on
mental philos.a.hy ; and the several articles which have appeared
from his pen in tlie Quarterly Review are of a first-rate character.
—BlaUyS Hist, of the FMlosophy of ihnd. ^ t-t -cr i ort
The Convert; or. Leaves from my Experience, N.Y., 1857,
12mo. This work has been both highly praised and censured.
"Brownswcrd, John, d. 1689. Progymnasmata ali-
quot Poeraata, Lon., 1590. Other pieces.
'•He was deservedly numbered among the best L.atm poets that
lived in the reign of qu. Eliz.abeth."— ^Cieii. Oj-o«.
Urowiiswood, John. Sermon on Methodists, 1739.
UiowiiswooU, William. Sermon, 1704, 4to.
Broxoline, Charles. Perkins Improved, 1657; a
theolog. treatise.
Bruce, Alexander. Principia Jurisfeudalis, tdin.,
171.3 Svo. Other legal treatises, pub. 1714-72.
Bruce, Alexander. Cause of the Pestilence, Edin.,
1759
Bruce, Archibald, M.D., 1777-1S18, a native of
New York, son of William Bruce, M.D., head of the Medi-
cal Department in the British Army at New York, com-
menced in 1810 the pub. of The Journal of American
Mineralogy, the earliest purely scientific Journal of Ame-
rica. Dr"'Bruce pub. but one volume. It was succeeded
by Silliman's Journal, the able editor of which is still
(i854) devoted to scientific investigation, and the Journal
is continued.
Bruce, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1(97.
Natural Hist, of the Common Mole. General View of the
Agriculture of the County of Berwick, Ac, 1794, 4to.
''This work is printed as an appendix to the ftrraer work by
Lowe. . . . The two reports together form a work that was not
equalled in the whole number of county surveys."— flonuidson's
AgriciiU. Biofi. ^
Bruce, Basil. Exhortation against Oaths, 1(98.
Bruce, E. and J. Geography and Astronomy, &0.,
1805. 121110 : 4th edit., 1813.
Bruce, Edward, edited a beautiful edition of such
Latin autliors as have written upon the Chase, entitled
Poeta; Latini Rei Venaticas Scriptores etBucolici Antiqui,
Ac. Leyden. 1728, 4to. This edition has been erroneously
ascribed to Kempfer. — Diot/. Univ.
Bruce, James, 1730-1794, an eminent traveller, de-
scended oil the female side from the royal house of Bruce,
was a native of Kinuaird, county of Stirling, Scotland.
An interesting account of his travels in France, Spain.
Italy, Germany, Africa, ic, will be found in Rose's Biog.
Diet.
Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, in the years
1768, 'fiil, '70, '71, '72, and '73, Edin., 1790, 5 vols. 4to ; 2d
edit., corrected and enlarged, with a Life of the Author,
by Dr. Alexander Murray, Edin., 1805, 7 vols. 8vo ; and
3d edit., 1813, 7 vols. Svo, and Atlas, 4to. The 4to Atlas
contains the plates, being select specimens in Natural His-
tory, C(dloctcd ill Travels to discover the Source of the Nile,
in Enypt, Abyssinia, and Nubia, being an Appendix to
his Travels. Dr. Ale.xander Murray, the editor of the 2d
edit., pub. Edin.. 1808, 4to, An Account of the Life and
Writings of James Bruce, Esq., &e. See also Richard
Wh.arton's Observations on the Authenticity of Bruce's
Travels, Newc.-upou-Tyne, 1800, 4to ; and A Compliment-
ary Letter to James Bruce, Esq., by Peter Pindar, [Dr.
John Wolcott,] Lon., 1790, 4to.
We .also coninicnd to the reader's notice, as an interest-
ing sequel to Bruce's Travels, Nathaniel Pearce's Nino
Years' Residence in Abyssinia, 2 vols. p. Svo. Mr. Bruce
was an excellent linguist, and well versed in several de-
partments of learning. .....
" Drucf's Travels is one of those few publications which at its
first apiH^.irance engaged our incessant perus:tl. and we then
thought it a very useful, entertaining, and interesting work. 'ri,«.
preseiit edition is greatly superior to the former." ^'"'^
notice of 'Id edit,
20S
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"It would be poor and inadequate praise to say that it has
seldom or never fallen to our lot to notice a book so ably edited
We Ddieve no editor ever before so laboriously quallhed himself
for his undertaking." Annual Jlev. ,, ■ , • ^ ft,.
" Who has not heard of Bruce— the romantic, the intrepid, the
undefati^able Bruce ?— His • tale' was once suspected; but suspi-
cion has sunk into acquiescence of its truth. A more enterpnsing,
li..ht but lion-hearted traveller never left his native hills for the
a°complishment of such purposes as those which Bruce accom-
plished."—Dibdin.
Bruce, James. Sermon, 1S0.3, Svo.
Bruce, James. Classic and Historic Portraits, Lon.,
" We find in these piquant volumes the liberal outpourings of
.1 ripe scholarship, the results nf wide and various rciding. given
in a style and mannerat once pleasant, gossippy, and pictures(iue.
" A series of biogr.aphic.al sketches remarkable for their truth
and fidelity."- ion. i*™ry Gii.-c/(e,
Bruce, John. Emperor and the Muscovites, Ui6.
Bruce, John, Keeper of the State Papers, and Histo-
riographer to the Hon. East India Company. Annals of
the E. India Company, 1600-1708, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 4to
Report on the Events and Circumstances connected with
the Union of England and Scotland, 1799, Svo. Other
work.s, 1780-1S13. ,ooo ,«
Bruce, John. Educational Works, Lon., lS08-tt).
Bruce, John. Sympathy, or the Mourner Advised
and Comforted, Lon., 1829, 12mo.
" Valuable as are the treatises of Flavel, and Grosvenor, and
Cecil this volume is more judicious than the first, more clearly
evangelical than the second, more tender than the last, and more
copious and complete than any or all of them."— £c!ec(ie Review.
History of the Jews in all Ages, 12mo.
" To Prof. Jlihnan's History of the Jews this work is a complete
!Lnt\dl•te.••—W<■.sl^•!lnn^r^thmlisl^fr'g. ,. , tt. .
Bruce, John C. Hand Book of English History,
Lon., 184S, 12mo. The Roman Wall, Svo; 2d edit., en-
larged, 1853 ; a few copies on 1. p., 4to.
"The Roman Wall is a verv elaborate and painstaking work on
one of the most interesting of British antiquities. Mr, Bruce is a
man of learnin.'. whether as regards Roman history, in connection
with Britain, or the works of Archseologists upon our Rijinati re-
mains, especially those which relate to his immediate subject. —
'''The'authoi's style renders it highly readable, the facts he has
cnller-ted will make it useful for reference, and its portiibility, and
the clear .arrangement of the subject-matter, should introduce it
as a companion to all who may desire to study fuly one of the
noblest monuments of our country."— G«i''«ina" « J""!'-
Bruce, Lew., D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1743, '45, '52,
'62. 4to.
Bruce, Michael. Sermon, 1725, Svo.
Bruce, Michael, 1746-1767, a native of Kinness-
wood, county of Kinross. Scotland, was the son of a
weaver. Hi.s father designed him for the ministry, and
sent him to the University of Edinburgh, where he made
the acquaintance of the Rev. John Logan, who pub. a
volume of his poems in 1770. three years after his decease.
A second edit, was pub. in 1784, and they were afterwards
included in Anderson's edit, of the Poets. Principal
Baird put forth another edit, in 1807, and in 1S37 they
were again pub., with a life of the author, by the Rev.
William Mackelvie, Balgedie, Kinrossshire.
"Had Bruce lived, it is probable he would have t.aken a high
place among our national poets. He was gifted with the requisite
enthusiasm" fancy, and love of nature, . . . The pieces he has left
have all the marks of youth; a style only halt formed and imma-
ture and resemblances to other poets, so close and frequent, that
the reader is constantly stumbling on some familiar im.ige or ex-
pression. In Lochleven. a descriptive poem in blank verse, he has
taken Thomson as his model. The opening is a paraphrase of
the commencement of Thomson's Spring, and epithets taken from
the Seasons occur throughout the whole poem, with tr.-ices of Mil-
ton. Ossian. 4c. . . . The Last Day is inferior to Lochlevem . •
In poetical beauty and energy, as in Mograpbical interest, his
Latest effort. The Klegv, must ever rank the Inst in his produc-
tions,"—Robert CH,lMBEas; see Specimens in I yc . of tng. l,lt,_
'Though the poem on Lochleven contains little more than SLX
hundred lines, it is astonishing with what a v,inety of landscapes
it is decorated; these are for the most part touched with a spirited
The
Eclectic Review,
pencil, and not seldom discover considerable originality, both in
conception and execution; they are not mere copies of stil life,
hut abound in the expression of human pas-sions and feelings,
and excite the most permaneut and pleasurable emotions.
Oh reader I bless the memory of the gentle Bard ; and whist the
tear of pity trembles on thy cheek, mayst thou feel the glow of
emulative 'hope, and learn to live like )i\m."—Pral.r. s Literary
Himrs. vol, iii, 325: read the whole of this interesting sketch,
Bruce, Peter Henry, a distiugui.shcd soldier of a
Scotch family. Memoirs. Travels, &c.. Lon., 1782, 4to.
Bruce, Richard. The Life of Religion, Lon.. 1615.
Bruce, Robert, 1599-1631, appointed one of the
ministers of Edinburgh, 15S7. Sermons, Edin.. 1591, Svo.
16 Sermons, Lon., 1617, 4to. Discovery of the Conspiracy
of Papists, ,1,0., 4to. Sermons reprinted with Collec. for
his life by Rev. Robert Wodrow, edited by Rev. yfva.
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Cunningham, D.D., Trinity College Church, Edin., printed
for the Wodrow Society, 1843_, 8vo.
" A hero adorned with every virtue, a constant confessor, and
almost martyr, of the Lord Jesus." — A. Melville.
"Mr. liobert Bruce I several times heard, and, in my opinion,
never man spake with greater power since the Apostles' days." —
LmNCSTONE.
Bruce, Robert, M.D. Arboricult. Con. to Phil.
Trans., 1725.
Bruce, Titus. Monarchy Maintained j a Sermon,
1682. 4to.
Bruce, William. State of Society in the Age of
Homer, p. 8vo. Treatise on the Being and Attributes of
God, Svu. Sermons on the Study and Interpretation of
the Bible, 1824, Svo.
" An exposition and defence of the system of Christian doctrine
denominated Ariauism." — Lrm.. Mimthly Repository.
Bruch, Richard. Epigrammata, Lon., 1626, 12mo.
Epigranimatum, etc., Lon., 1627.
Bruckner, John, 1726-1S04, though a native of the
island of Cadsand, near the Belgic frontier, was for 51
years settled as French preacher at Norwich, England.
Theorie du Systeme Animal. Leyd., 1767 ; trans, into Eng-
lish, with the title of A Philosophical Survey of the Ani-
mal Creation, Lon., 1768.
'• In the 7tli and 10th chapters are many of the sentiments
which have been more recently put forward in the writings of Mr.
Mai thus."
In 17U0 ho pub., under the name of Cassander, Criti-
cisms on the Diversions of Purley. John Home Touke,
the author, replied to these strictures with some asperity
in his 4to. edit. He pub. in 1792 Thoughts on Public
Worship, being a reply to Gilbert Wakefield's tract on So-
cial Worship, Lon., 1791, Svo. Ho also began a didactic
poem in French verse, in illustration of the principles laid
down in his Theorie du Systeme Animal. Bruckner was
a man of considerable erudition, and preached with ap-
plause in four languages, — Latin, French, Dutch, and
English.
Bruckshaw, Samuel. One more Proof of the Ini-
quitous Abuse of Private Madhouses, 1774, Svo.
Brudenell, £xton. System of Midwifery, Lon.,
1751. Svo.
Bruce, William U. The Clove Tree, 1797, 4to.
Bruce, Walter. Praxis Medicina> Theoretica et Em-
pirica, Lou., 1639, -ito : several foreign edits., Ven., 15S5,
fol.; Antw., 1585, ful. ; Lug. Bat., 1599, Svo; again, 1628,
Svo; again, 1647, Svo.
Bruen, Lewis. Christian Psalms, 1789, Svo.
Bruen, Robert. Pilgrim's Practice, Lon., 1621, Svo.
Bruen, JYIatthias, 1793-1829, a native of Newark,
New Jersey, pub. Sketches of Italy, and a Sermon at Paris.
Bruggis, Thos. Companion for a Chirurgcon, Lon.,
1651, Svo. Chirurgical Vade Mecum, with a sup. by Ellis
Pratt. M.D., Lon., 16S9, 12mo.
Brulles. Cultivating and Dressing Hemp, 1790.
Brumhall. Sermon on Hypocrisy, 1677, 4to.
Brumwell, William. Con. to Med.Obs. and Inq.,1784.
Brunne, Robert de, or Robert Mannyng, a na-
tive of Brunne in Lincolnshire, was a Canon of the Gil-
bertine order, and resident in the priory of Sempringham
ten years in the time of Prior John of Camelton, and five
years with John of Clyntone. In 1303 ho began his trans-
lation, or rather paraphrase, of Manuel Peehe or Manuel
des Peches, that is, the Manual of Sins. It is along pro-
duction, treating of the decalogue and the seven deadly
sins, which are illustrated by many legendary stories. It
was never printed, but is preserved in the Bodleian Library,
MSS. No. 415, and in the Harleian MSS., No. 1701. In
this work he remonstrates upon the introduction of foreign
terms into the language : " I seke," says he, *' no straunge
Ynglyss."
But a more important work of his is a metrical chronicle
of England. The former part is trans, from an old French
poet called Maistcr Wace or Gasse, who copied Geoffrey
of Monmouth in a poem called Roman des Rois D'Angle-
terre. The second part of De Brnnne's Chronicle, begin-
ning from Cadwallader, and ending with Edward the First,
is trans, principally from a Chronicle by Peter Langtoft,
an Augustine canon of Bridlington, in Yorkshire, who is
supposed to have died in the reign of Edward II., and was
therefore a contemporary of De Brunne. Hearne edited
De Brunne, but "has suppressed the whole of his trans,
from Wace, excepting the prologue, and a few extracts
which he found necessary to illustrate his glossary." Some
specimens of De Brunne's style will be found in Ellis's se-
lection; in Chambers's Cyo. Eng. Lit; and in Warton's
Hist, of Eng. Poetry, in which work will be found some
learned notes upon our author.
"The learned antiquary. Hearne. perhaps thought that having
preserved the whole of Robert of liloui't-.ster's taithful and almost
literal version of Geoffrey of Mmiuii'utli, it was unnecessary to
print the more licentious paraphiasi- which had passed through
the medium of a Norman poet." — Ellis s Specimens of Early Eng.
Poet., i. Vi'2.
Brunuing, Benj. The Best Wisdom, 1660, 4to.
Brunsell, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1660, fol.
Brunswick, Duke of. Reasons for embracing the
Roman Catholic Faith, 1715, Svo.
Brunton, Alex., D.D. Sermons & Lectures, 1818, Svo.
Bruuton, Anua. The Cottagers; a Comic Opera,
17SS, Svo. This was pub. at the age of 15.
Brunton, J>Iary, 1778-1818, the only daughter of
Colonel Thomas Balfour, was a native of the island of
Bara, in Orl;noy. At the age of 20 she married the Rev.
Dr. Brunton, minister of Bulton, in Haddingtonshire. In
1803 Dr. and Mrs. Brunton removed to Edinburgh. Her
novel of Self-Control was pub. anonymously in 1811.
*' 1 intended to show the power of the religious principle in be-
stfjwin;; selfcommaud, and to bear tt'stimony against a maxim as
immnra! as indelicate, that a reformed rake makes the best hus-
band."— Prom a Lettfr by the Authoress.
The work was very successful. The 1st edit, was sold
in a month, and a second and a third followed. In 1814
she pub. Discipline, which also was successful. Her third
work, Emmeline, she did not live to finish. It was pub.,
together with a memoir of the authoress, by Dr. JJrunton,
after her decease. An edition of her works has been pub.
in 7 vols. p. Svo. All of her writings have been trans, into
French, and are highly esteemed on the Continent.
"Among the pleasiu;; expounders of morality Mrs. Brunton
stood pre-eminent, as well for the good taste and style, as for the
soundness, of her works. Her two novels of t* elf-Control and
Discipline met with great and well-deserved success." See Lon.
Monthly Keview, vols. Ixv., Ixxviii., and xci.
Brusasque, £liz. A. Trans, from the German of
Siitzcr of the Principles of Taste as applied to the Fine
Arts and Literature, 1806, Svo.
Bruton, William, News from the East Indies; or
Voyage to Beugala, Lon., 1638, 4to: see Osborne's Voya-
ges, i. 267, 1745, and Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. v.
Bryan, Augustine, d. 1726, of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, edit. Plutarch's Lives, pub. Lon,, 5 vols., 4to, aft«r
his death. Bishop Hare speaks of him in terms of com-
mendation in the preface to his edit, of Terence.
Bryan, Ans;ustiue, A Sermon, Lon., 1718, Svo.
Bryan, or Bryant, Sir Francis, d. 1520, an Eng-
lish poot and warrior, educated at Oxford, followed tho
Earl of Surrey in his expedition to the coast of Brittany,
In 1549 he was appointed chief governor of Ireland, and
he there married the Countess of Ormond. He was nephew
to Sir John Bourchier, Lord Berners, (q. ik) and shared
in his literary taste. He trans, from the French of Allegre,
A Dispraise of the Life of a Courtier, which Allegre had
trans, from the CastiUan of Guevara, Bishop of Mondovent.
Bryant's trans, was pub. Lon., 1548, Svo.
■* lie hath written sougs and sonnets; some of these are printed
with tho Songs and Sonnets of lien. Earl of Surrey, and Sir Tho.
Wyatt the elder ; which Songs and Sonnets shew him to have been
most passionate to bewail and bemoan the perplexities of love." —
Allien. Oxon.
He also left some MS. Letters of State.
Bryan, John, D.D., of Coventry. Serms., Lon.,
1647-74.
Bryan, Marg:aret. Educational works, 1799-1815.
Bryan, Matthew, Sermons, 1684, '92, 4to.
Bryan, Michael, 1757-1821, a native of Newcastle,
was for many years the first English auth<»rity in pictorial
art. His celebrated Biographical and Critical Dictionary
of Painters and Engravers was pub. in 7 parts, 1813-16,
forming 2 vols. 4to, This valuable work is an improve-
ment as well as enlargement of Pilkington's Dictionary,
(Lon., 1805, '10, 4to.)
"No private individual has been more conspicuous in the annals
of British art than the late Michael Bryan. Esq. . . . Having had
coust;int need of reference to his Dictionarj' of Painters and En-
gravers, we can take upon ourselves to vouch for its general accu-
racy, research, and ability. The original sketches are admirably
written." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
Mr. Bohn has recently (in 1849) pub. a new edition of
this valualde work, revised, enlarged by more than 1000
additional Memoirs, and continued to the present time by
George Stanley, Esq., 1 voK imp. Svo, £2 2«. Dr. Spooner
of New York has recently pub. an extensive work upon
the same plan.
Bryan, Philip. Collection of Arms, Crests, Ac,
Lon., fol.
Bryan, William- A Testimony, Ac. concerning
Riehard Brothers, 1795, Svo.
Bryauston, John. A Manifest Reason, Ac, 1683.
BRY
" A useful and original view of the eyidenres of Christianity, in
wbich some of the chief diffi-'ulties in Revelation are noticed, and,
on the whole, satisfactorily olniated." — Ormk.
Observations upon the Plagues inflicted upon the Egyp-
tians, Lon., 1794, 1810, 8vo.
" A very learned and curious work on the Plagues of Egypt, in
■which this series of miracles is critically investigated, and shewn
to afford most convincing evidences of the divine mission of Moses."'
—Bishop Van Miibeet.
"None can read this book without being gratified with the
learned research which it displ.iys, and the light which is thrown
by it on the singular, and in some respects obscure, subjects to
which it relates." — Orme.
" The same depth of thought, the same brilliancy of fancy, and
the same extent of erudition, are proportionably conspicuous in
this smaller production, as in the larger work of the Analysis of
Ancient Jlvthologv."— Bndi/i Vi-Uic, O. .9.. iv. 35.
"Suggests some valuable hints for the illustration of this sul>
ject." — BICKERSTETH.
Mr. Bryant had always been conspicuous for the inde-
jndence of his opinions, and had excited the astonishment
of the learned who were willing to take things as they had
received them from their grandsires. But what was their
dismay when Professor Dalzel's publication of Chevalier's
Description of the Plain of Troy, elicited from the fearless
Jacob, A Dissertation concerning the W.Tr of Troy, and
the Expedition of the Grecians as described by Uomer,
showing that no such expedition ever took place, and that
no such city as Plirygia existed, Lon., 1796, 4to. Great
was the indignation" of the Hellenists at finding their be-
loved city thus unceremoniously swallowed up by the rod
of this skeptical magician. Determined not to yield with-
out a struggle, Vincent, FalUoner, Wakefield, and Morritt
rushed to the rescue, and the vindicators of Troy fought
indeed like Trojans. Mr. Bryant made but few converts,
whatever may have been the justice of his cause. The
Sentiments of Philo-Juda?us concerning the Logos, or Word
of God, Ac, 1797, Svo. In 1799 he .answered Mr. Morritt's
strictures upon his treatise on Troy, and in the same year
addressed an Expostulation on this subject to the British
Critic. Observations on the famous controverted passages
in Justin Martyr and Josephus. His last work was entitled
Dissertations upon some Passages in Scripture, which the
Enemies of Religion have thought most Obnoxious, and
attended with Difficulties not to be surmounted, 1803, 4to.
The difficulties referred to are those in the History of Ba-
laam ; Samson and his victory at Lehi ; the sun standing
still in Gibeon. and portions of the history of Jonah.
"On all these topics the author's profound acquaintance with
the idolatries and mythology of the Heathen supplied him with
many curious and import.ant illustrations. If he has not removed
all the difficulties, he has shown that they may be materially re-
duced."— Orme.
" On the whole, we have discovered in this work much learning,
much ingenuity, and an uniform good intention; but truth com-
pels us to add, that it displays a defect in judgment, and a too
evident propensity to support a favourite hypothesis." — British
Critic, O. S.. XXV. 58.
Amidst all Mr. Bry.ant's learned inquiries, it may be said
, , , o,, - - J , ii.' -t - ri\. tohispraise, that if at times speculation deceived or theory
must be branches of the one used by the progenitors of the | I ^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ,„ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^ ^
human race, ho conceived that the mvestigsition of radical , "^^^ -», ^ „'.;„»:„_ fl. „„i..„..- e „„„ . .„ „„„«,„, „„r
terms aud philological comparisons would lead to the esta-
blishment of Scriptural History. His theory was an in-
genious one, but Mr. Bryant's zeal was greater than his
knowledge of oriental languages. Richardson and other
scholars attacked some of his positions, and showed their
erroneous foundations. A Vindication of the Apamean
Medal: Archaiol. vol. iv., and separately in 4to, 1775.
Vindiciae Flavianae,- or a Vindication of the Testimony
given by Josephus concerning our Saviour Jesus Christ,
1780, 8vo. This argument was so convincing, that even
Dr. Priestley declared himself a convert. In this year
Bryant edited Wood's Essay on Homer, the MS. of which
was left in his care. An Address to Dr. Priestley upon his
Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity. 1780, Svo. This was
replied to by Priestley. Observations on the Poems of
Thomas Rowley, in wliich the authenticity of these Poems
is .ascertained, 1781, 2 vols. 12mo. This was an unfortu-
nate cause, but even when espousing error, Mr. Bryant
would always elucidate much valuable truth. In 1783
was pub. The Marlborough Gems, under the title of Gem-
marum antiquarum delectus ex prsestantioribus desumptus
in Dactylotheca Ducis Marburiensis. Vol. 1st of the ex-
position was written in Latin by Mr. Bryant, and trans,
into French by Mr. Maty; vol. 2d by Dr. Colo, and trans,
by Mr. Dutcns. At the request of the dowager Lady Pem-
broke, Mr. B. prepared, and pub. in 1792, Svo, 3d edit.,
1810, Svo, Treatise on the Authenticity of the Scriptures
and the Truth of the Christian Religion.
" Peculiarly adapted for men of education who wish to see the
p incipal arguments in favour of Christianity condensed into a
uarrow compass."
270
BRY
Bryant, Alfred, b. 1807, in N. Jersey. Millenarian
Views, 1852. Abstractions in the World to Come, 1863.
Bryant, Charles. Hist. Account of the Lycoperdon,
Lon., 1783, Svo. Flora Diatetica, 1783, Svo. A Diet, of
the ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Plants most commonly
cultivated in Great Britain, Norwich, 1790, Svo.
Bryant, Henry. 1. Sermon. 2. Cause of the Brand
in Wheat, 1758, '84.
Bryant, .lacob, 1715-1804, a man of profound learn-
ing, was a native of Plymouth, in Devonshire, and was
educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge. Ho
accepted the post of tutor to the sons of the Duke of Marl-
borough, and attended his grace during his campaign as
his private secretary. The duke gave further evidences
of his esteem by securing to Mr. Bryant an annuity which
he received until his death, assigning two rooms to his use
at Blenheim, and presenting to him the keys of his cele- - , , .
brated library. Mr. Bryant revelled in these literary stores, [ pendenceoi his opinion;
and it is worthy of note, that as literature was the great -'"-- ' "• ""■»•■'>
passion of his life, so its pursuit in one sense may besaid
to have hastened his death. In stepping on a chair to
reach a book in his library, his foot slipped, and grazing
his leg, mortification ensued, of which he died, Nov. 14,
1804, at the age of 89. Mr. Bryant was wedded to his
books and learned theories, and therefore never took a wife.
His publications were numerous : Observations and In-
quiries relating to various Parts of Ancient History, con-
taining Dis.sertations on the Wind Euroclydon ; and on
the Island Melite, together with .an Account of Egypt in
its most early State, and of the Shepherd Kings, Cam-
bridge, 1767, 4to. In this volume Bryant does not hesitate,
though with great modesty, to enter the field against Bo-
chart. Grotius. Bentley, Cluverius. and Beza. He contends
that Euroclydon is correct, and should not be read Euroa-
quito, and tie Island Melite of the last chapter of the Acts
is not Malta. His arguments are considered convincing.
" .4n ingenious gentleman, whose name is Bryant, has proved,
I think, very clearly, that the Isle of Malta was not the place where
St. Paul was shipwrecked, but Mtlile, which lies in the Adriatic
gulph, upon the co.ast of Epidaurus. He likewise makes it proba-
ble that we must give up Dr. Bentley 's reading, and abide by Euro-
clydon."— C'harlfis Godwin to HtUrhim, Aug. 14, 17G7.
*" That very respectable author has demonstrably shown that the
Malta where" St. Paul was shipwrecked was not the Malta in the
Mediterranean Sea against Africa, but the Melitw in the Illyrian
Oulf, because. 4c."— Wm. Bowter : Xidtols's Lit. Aneodotts, iii. 47 ;
but see the other side in vol. ix. 515.
His next and most importantwork, and theone by which
posterity will decide upon his merits, was A New System,
or Analysis of Ancient Mythology; wherein an attempt is
made to" divest Tradition of F.able, and to reduce Truth to
its original Purity, Lon., 1774-76, 3 vols. 4to.
Mr. Bryant's object in this work was to prove the truth
of the Scriptures, by tracing the earliest history of man-
kind, as related in the Bible, through the traditional remains
of all nations. Arguing upon the theory that all languages
1 of God by promoting the salvation of man : to confirm our
hope of a glorious immortality, by establishing the truth
of that inspired record wherein we " think we have eternal
life."
Bryant, John Frederick. Verses and autobiogra-
phy, 2d edit,. 1787, Svo.
JaSryant, John II., b. 1807. a brother of William Cul-
len Bryant, is a native of Cumminglon, Mas.<achusetts. In
1S26 he wr<itc a poem entitled My Native Village, which
was pub. in the United States Review and Literary Gazette,
of which his brother William was one of the editors. Mr.
Bryant has been for some years a resident of Illinois, a
cultivator of the soil. Ills poetical pieces have appeared
in the periodicals of the day, and in 1 vol., 1858.
"He is a lover of nature, and describes minutely .and effectively.
To him the wind and the streams are ever musical, and the forests
and the prairies clothed with beauty. His versification is easy and
correct, and his writings show him to be a man of refined taste and
kindly feelings, and to have a mind stored with the best learniug."
— GrisivnUVs i^c'i.* arid Poetry of America.
Bryant, Lemuel, d. 1754, a minister of Braintree,
Massachusetts, pub. a Sermon on Moral Virtue, 1747. Re-
marks on Mr. Porter's Sermon. 1750.
Bryant, William Cullen, one of the most eminent
of American poets, was born at Cummington. Massachu-
setts, November 3, 1797. At the early age of ten years,
he published translations from some of the Latin poets,
and when only thirteen, wrote The Embargo, a political
satire, which was printed in Boston in 1808. This re-
markable elTusion of precocious genius was so successful
that a new edition was called for in a few months. At
Williams College the youthful poet distinguished himself
BRY
BRY
hy Ills aevotioD to the classics and other departments of
learning, he left college in 1812, was admitted to the
Bar in 1815, and commenced practice in the village of
Great Harrington, where he soon after married. His cele-
brated poem of Thanatopsis, was written when between IS
and 19 years of age. and appeared in the North American
Review for 1S16. His longest poem, The Ages, a survey
of the experience of mankind, was delivered before the
Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College in 1821. It
was pub. with some other poems at Cambridge in 1821.
His well-known poem To a Water Fowl. Inscription for an
entrance to a Wood, and a number of other brilliant effu-
sions, were written whilst still a resident of Great Bar-
rington. Ten years' experience of legal life, though re-
warded with more than ordinary success, determined Mr.
Bryant to devote himself to the more congenial pursuits
of literature. He removed to New York in 1825, and in
conjunction with another gentleman, established The New
York Review and Athenjeum Magazine, in which appeared
some of his best poems. In 1826 he became editor of the
New York Evening Pust, with which he has ever since been
connected. In 1827 he was associated with Mr. Verplanck
and Mr. Sands in the production of The Talisman, an An-
nual. Mr. Sands died in 1832, and Mr. Verplanck and Mr.
Bryant edited his works. In 1834 he travelled for some time
in Europe, and in 1845 and 1849, repeated his visit. He
has embodied his observations on Europe and this country,
in his Letters of a Traveller in Europt; and America. A
collection of his poems was pub. in 18:',2 in New York, and j
soon after in Boston: and Washington Irving receiving a ■
copy of it when in England, caused it to be pub. in Lon- I
don, where it was honoured by several editions. In 1842
he pub. The Fountain and other Poems ; in 1S44, The
White-Footed Deer, and other Poems ; and in lS46ahand-
some edition of his complete Poetical Works was issued by
Carey and Hart, Philadelphia, Mr. Bryant's works are
■now published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. of New York,
who have shown their usual good judgment and taste in is- i
suing them in various styles to suit all purchasers. For the j
above facts we are indebted to Griswold's Poets and Poetry j
of America, to which the reader is referred for a fuller no- ;
tice of this gifted author and his poems. As editor for the |
last thirty years of the New York Evening Post, a leading
Democratic journal, and by his contributions to periodicals,
in the shape of reviews, tales, &q., Mr. Bryant has proved
himself as great a master of prose as he is of poetry. Whilst
our space forbids any thing like an extended analysis of the
great merits of Mr. Bryant's poetry, we shall not feel jus-
tified in closing this article without quoting some opinions
which will justly carry with them more weight than any
criticism of our own. A highly commendatory notice of
the Water-Fowl, Green River, Inscription for the Entrance
into a Wood, and Thanatopsis, will be found in the Lon-
don (old) Retrospective Review — a periodical very chary
of praise — for 1824. We extract a few lines :
"The verses of Mr. Bryant (the best of th(3 American Poets')
come as assuredly from the * well of English undefiled.' as the
finer compositinns of Mr. Wordsworth; indited, the resemblance
between the two living authors might justify a muoh more invi- i
dious parallel. It is quite idle to set up for America the benefit :
of a (/o«n^ language: she does not require it. She can stand upon |
her own ground even now; and it may be. that if we pursue our
rivalry, we may (in some classes of literature) have in the course
of time, no such overwhelming cause for exuU;ition." '
This compliment was elicited by Mr. .Jefferson's remark —
'•When we sh.ill have existed as a people as long as the Greeks
did before they produced Homer, the Romans a Virgil, the French
a Racine and Voltaire, the EnsHsh a Shakspeare and Milton; j
should this reproach be still true, we will inquire from what un- |
friendly causes it has proceeded, that the other countries of Eu-
rope and quarters of the earth shall not have inscribed any name
of ours on the roll of poets,'' j
Mr. Jefferson here refers to the contemptuous assertion
of the Abbe Raynal, that America had not produced a
single man of genius. The depreciating query of the
witty Canon of St. Paul's will immediately occur to the
reader's mind, but is so trite that we are afraid to quote it. '
The Retrospective Review still further remarks, " The
Inscription for the Entrance into a Wood reminds us both
of Wordsworth and Cowper." We make an extract from
a long and interesting review of Bryant's poetry by one
of the highest authorities in the language, distinguished
for its contempt of mediocrity :
" nis poetry overflows with natural religion — with what Words-
worth calls the 'religion of the woods.' This reverential awe of
the Invisible pervades the verses entitled Thanatopsis and Forest
Hymn, imparting to them a sweet solemnity which must affect all
thinking hearts."
After pointing out some faults in Forest Hymn, the re-
viewer proceeds :
" Thanatopsis is more original both in conception and execution ;
and we quote it entire, as a noble example of true poetical enthu-
siasm. It alone would establish the author's claim to the honours
of genius. ... It is ind^-ed in the beautiful that the genius of
Bryant finds its prime delight. He ensouls all dead, insensate
things, in that deep and delicate sense of their seeming life, in
which they breathe and smile betbre the eyes ' that love all they
look up«-m,' and thus there is animation and enjoyment in the
hea,rt of the solitude. Here are some lines [Inscription fltr the En-
trance to a Wood] breathing a woodland and (yon will understand
us) a Wordsworthian feeling: while we read them, as Burns says,
'our hearts rejoice in nature's joy,' and in our serene sympathy
we love the poet. . . . That his writings 'are imbued with the in-
dependent spirit and the buoyant aspirations incident to a youth-
ful, a free, and a rising country,' will not, says Mr. Irving, be the
' least of his merits.' In the eyes of Mr. Rogers, to whom the vo-
lume is inscribed, [edited by Washington Irving; Andrews, Lon-
don. 1882, 8vo,] and in ours, it is one of the greatest: for we too
belong to a country who, though not young — God bless her. auld
Scotland ! — hath yet an independent spirit and buoyant aspira-
tions which she is not loath to breathe into the bosom of one of
her aged children." — Chkistopuer North: BlacJcwooci's Magaziiu\
Apr>L\%Z'2, p. <>it».
" There is running through the whole of this little collection, a
strain of pure and high sentiment, that expands and lifts up the
soul, and brings it nearer to the source of moral bf-auty. This is
not indefinitely and obscurely shad'iwed out, but it animates bright
images and clear thoughts." — W. Phillips: N.American Review,
xiii. 3S0; notice of The Ages and other Poems, pub. at Cambridge,
1821. pp.44.
'• Others before him have sung the beauties of creation, and the
greatness of God; but no one ever observed external things more
closely, or transferred bis impressions to paper in more vivid co-
lours. A violet becomes, in his hands, a gem tit to be placed in an
imperial diadem; a mountain leads his eyes to the canopy above
it. On the whole, we may pronounce the book before us the best
volume of American poetry that has yet appeared. The publication
of such a volume is an important event in our literature. We
have been too much in the habit of looking abroad for examples
and models; and our poets, generally, have had the usual fortune
of imitators, — their copies have fallen short of the originals." — W.
J. Snellino : N. American Review, sxsiv. 5U2; notice of the edition
of 1832, Bhss, New York, 8ro.
" His name is classical in the literature of the language. Whei^
ever English poetry is read and loved, his poems are known by
heart. Collections of poetry, elegant extracts, school-books, Na-
tional Readers, and the like, draw largely upon his pieces. Among
American poets his name stands, if not the very first, at least
among the two or three foremost. Some of his pieces are perhaps
greater favourites with the reading public than any others written
in the United States." — G. S. IIili.ard: N. American Review, Iv.
501). (.Notice ot ediiiun of I>»4;j, Wiley & Vutnam, New York and
London. 12mo. pp. 100.)
Can we bett«r conclude our notice of the poetry of this
distinguished American, than by the graphic picture of its
merits drawn by the vivid pencil of the man whom the
country and his age delight to honour?
'■ Bryant's writings transport us into the depths of the solemn
primeval forest, to the shores of the lonely lake — the banks of the
wild nameless stream, or the brow of the rocky upland, rising like
a promontory from amidst a wide orean of foliage; while they shed
around us the glories of a climate fierce in its extremes, but splen-
did in all its vici.ssitudes." — W.\-;niNGTox Irving.
The only fault that we have to find with Mr. Bryant is
that he has written so little, and has chosen to scatter
his brilliance amidst a constellation of little poetic stars,
rather than to concentrate the light of his genius in some
immortal work, which should shine as a planet in the lite-
rary horizon to the latest generation.
Letters of a Traveller in Europe and America, N. York,
12mo.
'• Mr. Brj-ant's style in these Letters is an admirable model of
descriptive prose. Without any appearance of labour, it is finishe-!
with an exquisite grace. Tlie genial love of nature, and the lurk-
ing tendency to humour, which it everywhere betrays, preveuta
its severe simplicity from rumnng into hardness, and gives it
freshness and occasional glow in spite of ita prevailiug propriety
and reserve.'" — Harper's Neio Mrmthly Magazine.
See also Lou. Month. Rev., cxxvii. 490 ; For. Quar.
Rev., X. 121; Chris. Exam., xsii. 59, (by W. P. Lunt;)
South. Lit. Mess., iii. 41; Amer. Quar. Rev., sx. 504; Be
Bow's Rev., ix. 577. {by T. A. Turner:) Democrat. Rev., vi.
273, xvi. 1S5; U.S. Lit. Gaz.. i. 8; Phila. Mus., xx. 578,
xxi. 404. A new ed. of Bryant's Poetical Works, collected
and arranged by the author, illustrated with 71 engravings,
Lon., 1858.
Bryars, John, Rector of BilHngford. Norfolk. Cha-
rity Sermon, Phil. iv. 17. 1711. -Svo. Funeral of a Bay
Labourer, St. John ii. 26, 1712. Svo.
Bryce, James. An Account of the Yellow Fever,
Edin., 1796, Svo. The Cow Pox, Ediu., 1S02, Svo; 2d
edit, enlarged, 1809. Svo.
Bryce, James, D.D. British India, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Sketch of Native Education in India, Svo.
" A very valuable and seasonable publication." — Asiatic Journal.
"This able voliune.'' — .Y-^Jo Monthly Magazine.
"Dr. Bryce's work may be read with advantage even in refer
ence t« the present state of the question of national education in
this country."' — Atlas.
■'Tliijj excellent volume." — United Service Gaz.
Bryckiuton, Stephen. See Birchixgtox.
271
BRY
BRY
Brydall, or Bridall, John, h. 1635, in Somerset-
ehire, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He set-
tled in Lincuhrs Inn. and became equally celebrated for
his loyalty and law-books. Jus Imaginis apud Anglos,
1671, 8vo. Speculum Juris Anglicam, or a View of the
Laws of England us they are divided into Statutes, Com-
mon Law, and Customs, 1673, 8vo. Jus Sigilli, 1673.
Jus Criminis, 1675, 8vo. Camera Regis, 1696, 8vo. I'e-
eus et Tutamen, 1679, Svo. Jura Corona;, 1680, 8vo. Col-
lection of the Laws of England touching matters Crimi-
nal, 1696, Svo. Ars Trausferendi, 1679, Svo.
" This book contains some very useful materials for the student's
legal reflections."
Non Compos Mentis, 1700, Svo. Lex Spuriorum, 1703,
Svo. Declaration relative to tho Temporal Lords in Par-
liament, 1704, fol.
Bryden, William, D.D. Sermon, 177S, Svo.
Brydges, Sir Grey, Lord Chandos, d. 1621, called,
**from his magnificent style of living,"' King of Cotswould,
is supposed to have been the author of Horco Subseciva?,
Lon., 1626, Svo. Wood ascribes this work to Gilbert,
Lord Cavendish. Maloue is disposed to attribute it to
William Cavendish. Thomas Baker, Dr. White Kennet,
and Horace Walpole. consider its authorship a matter of
great doubt, and Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges is evidently
disposed to adopt it on behalf of the House of Chandos.
See this knotty point discussed in Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors, Biydges's Memoirs of King James's Peers,
and in Censura Literaria, 2d edit., vi. 192.
Brydges, Sir Harford Jones. Dynasty of the
Kajars, trans, from the Persian, 1833, 12mo. Account
of the Transactions of his Majesty's Mission to Persia,
1807-11, 2 vols. Svo. 1S34.
"Sir Harford sucoeeded in his ffreat object, and concluded a
treaty with Persia, when the French influence had already baffled
and driven away our English at^ent — Sir John Mak-om." — Morikr.
Brydges, Hou. and Rev, Henry, Sermons, 1701,'09.
Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, 1762-1837, ''a
man to all the book tribe dear," was a native of Wotton
Court, Kent. He was the set-ond son of Edward Brydges,
Esq., of that place, by Jemima, daughter and co-heiress
of the Rev. William Egerton, LL.D., Prebendary of Can-
terbury. He was educated at the Grammar School at
Maidstone for four years, for five at thu King's School,
Cambridge, and in 17S0 was entered of Queen's College,
Cambridge. He was called to the Ear in 1787, but never
applied with much zeal to its duties. lu 1812 he was
elected to Parliament from Maidstone, and continued a
member until 1818, when ho removed to the continent,
where he remained residing at Paris, Geneva, in Italy, ttc,
until his death in 1837. We now come to notice a mat-
ter respecting which Sir Egerton (for so he is commonly
styled) permitted few of his readers to remain long igno-
rant. After the death of the last Duke of Chandos in
1790, Sir Egerton induced his brother, the Rev. Edward
Tymewell Brydges, to prefer a claim to the Barony of Chan-
dos, upon the ground of alleged descent from a younger
son of the first Brydges who wore that title. The House
of Peers pronounced its decision in 1803, "that the peti-
tioner had not made out his claim to the title and dignity
of Baron Chandos." This was a death-blow to the ambi-
tious hopes of the aspiring liiteraieur, and the effects of
his disappointment were permitted to mar many pages of
profound lore and rare beauty. It is not thought by those
best qualified to judge, that any injustice was done to him-
self or brother in the premises. Those who are curious
on this subject can refer to Mr. G. F. BcUz's Review of
the Chandos Peerage Case, Lon., 1S34, Svo, and to Sir
Egerton 's edit, of Collins's Peerage. Sir Egerton, not-
withstanding this adverse decision, declared that he could
assert his rights by Common Law ; and upon this presump-
tion he was wont to add to his signature " per legum Tcrraj
B. C. of S." But in 1S14 he received a more substantial ho-
nour in the shape of a baronetcy. In his novel of Arthur
Fitz-Albiui the reader will find recorded much of the author's
sombre experience. Like Lord Byron, whom in some re-
spects he resembled. Sir Egerton is continually presenting
hia own woful visage in his gloomy galleries. As a writer
Sir Egerton has conferred substantial benefits on the lite-
rature of his country, especially in his researches in early
English poetry. His publications were numerous: Son-
nets and Poems, Lon., 1785-95 ; 4th edit., 1808, Svo. The
celebrated Echo and Silence, so highly commended by
Wordsworth, appeared in this collection. The Topogra-
pher, a monthly miscellany, in coniunction with the Rev.
Stebbing Shaw. April. I7S0. to June. 1791, -1 vols. Svo. To-
pographical Miscellanies, 4to, 1702; only about 200 pages
printed. Mary de Clifford^ a Novel/l792, 1800, Svo.
272
Verses relative to the Constitution, and other Poems, 1794,
4to. "Arthur Fitz-Albini ; a Novel, 1798-99, 2 vols. Svo.
Heflections on the Augmentations of the British Peerage,
Ac, anon., 1798, Svo. Tests of the National Wealth and
Finances. 1798, Svo. A new edit, of Tbeatnim Poetarum
Anglieanorum by Phillips, (the nephew of John Milton,)
1800, Svo. Le Forester ; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. Me-
moirs of Peers in the reign of James I., 1802, Svo. Cen-
sura Literaria. containing Titles, Abstracts, and Opinions
of Olh English Books, 1805-09, 10 vols. Svo: a 2d edit.
of only 100 copies was pub. in 1815, with a general index,
and a chronological arrangement of the titles. Copies of
this 2d edit, have become so rare (1854) that a standing
and oft-repeated order of the writer's remained for two
years in London before it could be supplied. We know
of but one other copy in the city of Philadelphia, in the
library of Professor C. D. Cleveland, the intelligent author
of English Literature, and English Literature of the 19th
Century. A reprint in say four royal octavo vols., at about
a guinea per volume, we predict would have a good sale.
We also venture to suggest the reprinting of The British
Bibliographer, and Restituta. Thereby an important bene-
fit would bo conferred on the present generation. To these
three valuable works Mr. Joseph Haslewood was a large
contributor. British Bibliographer, 1810-14, 4 vols. Svo.
Restituta: or Titles, Extracts, and Characters of Old
Books in English Literature Revived. 1814-16, Svo. A new
edit, of Collins's Peerage of England, 1S06-12, 9 vols. Svo.
"The sensitive and gifted accuser, with iuexbaustible powers to
charm and to instruct, has even stooped to the drudgery of editing
a Peerage of nine volumes, in order that a few of its pages might
transmit to posterity a re«ord of his wrongs."
The Ruminator, a series of Moral, Critical, and Senti-
mental Essays, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. The Sylvan Wanderer,
1S13, Svo; 2'd part. 1815. Letters on the Poor Laws, 1813,
Svo. Occasional Poems, 1814, Svo. Bertram, a Poem,
1815, Svo. Excerpta Tudoriana, or Extracts from Eliza-
bethan Literature, 1814-18, 2 vols. Svo. Reasons, Ac,
relative to the Copy Right Act of Queen Anne. 1817. Po-
pulation and Riches, 1819. Coningsby, 1819. Ataviae
Regia, 1820. 4to. Res Literaria;, 1820-21, 3 vols. Svo.
The Hall of Hellingsey, 1S21, 3 vols. Svo. Libcllus Ge-
bensis, 1822. Letters from the Continent, 1821, Svo.
What aro Riches? 1821. Svo. Polyanthea Librorum Ve-
tustiorum, 1S22. Svo. Letters on Lord Byron, 1824, Svo.
Gnomica; detached Thoughts, 1824, Svo. Odo, Count of
Lingen. a Poem, 1824. Thcatrum Poetarum, 1824, Svo.
Cim'elia, &c., 1823. Recollections of Foreign Travel, 1S25,
2 vols. Svo. Stemmata Illustria, 1825, fol. Lex Terrse,
1831, Svo. The Anglo-Genevan Critical Journal for 1S31,
2 vols. Svo. Expositions on the Parliamentary Reform.
Bill, 1831, Svo. Lake of Geneva, 1S31, 2 vols. Svo. Ven-
dica, 1832, fol. Imaginary Biography, 1834, 3 vols. De-
sultoria, 1842, 12mo. The" Anti-Critic, 1822, Svo. A Note
on the Suppression of Memoirs announced by the Author
in June, 1825. Paris, 1825, 12mo. The Autobiography,
Times. Opinions, and Contemporaries of Sir Egerton
Brydges, 1834. 2 vols. Svo. Many of these works, and
some not named, were pub. abroad, at Geneva, Florence,
&c. We do not enumerate all the works printed by Sir
Egerton at his private press at the mansion of his son,
Lee Priory, near Canterbury. A list will be found in
Martin's Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, pp. 379-
404; and see H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841.
" The number of copies printed there has in no case exceeded one
hundred; and I have reason to believe that the complete sets fall
short of thirty ."—-St'r Ega-trm Brydges to Dr. T. F. Dibilin.
See memoir in Lon. Gent. Mag. Not satisfied with this
hydra-headed catalogue of his works, to which others
might be added, our pntlific author, who could write 2000
sonnets in one year, edited a number of works, and con-
tributed to the Gent. Mag. and other periodicals of the
day. Of the merits of his edition of Milton's poetical
works, we have a weighty certificate from a learned stu-
dent of Milton, the last editor of his poetical works :
"We are most deeply indebted to him for his labours of love
upon our great Kpio : for no critic, not excepting Addison himself,
has had a more just appreciation of the genius of Milton, or has
criticised him with truer taste or sounder judgment. . . . This I
consider, on tho whole, the best edition of Milton." — CkvdanxTs
E7U/lis/i Literature ofl9th Century, Pfdla., 1853.
We append extracts from the reviews by the London
and Edinburgh Quarterlies of his Autobiography. It will
be observed that the difference of opinion is very con-
siderable :
"Those who like lively and spirited sketches of men and man-
ners, diversified with short critical digressions, sometimes wise,
always clever, will find a large fund of entertainment in these vo-
lumes. AVe have pt-rhaps liestowed more ppace on them than some
readers nuiy think they deserved ; but the truth is, that Sir £gex-ton
• BRY
brydges possesses the temperament of genius in as high perfection
as any author of our times." — Lim. QuarUrly Review, li. 3(i3.
"The author before us is as intimately persuaded of the reality
of his powi-rs, of the solidity of bis reputation, as if the loud huz-
zas of the literary world were borne to his retrt-at. The amabilis
insania i tht* delusion is too proud, too stroufX for ordinary vauity)
cheats, snnthes, Hatters, to the verge of the abyss. All that criti-
cism could prove, all that neglect — severest of all critics— could
trtich, fall vain and unheeded on the sons of a nature of this
mould. Nursed in the tastes and habits of genius, it mistakes
the tastes for the cjipacities ; in the habits (making 7iow no mis-
tiike) it feels its reward; and if the individual author were the
sole concern of the critic, here we might stop at once, leaving him
in unlimited possession of a delusion it would be idle and cruel
to destroy." — Blin. Review, lix. 439.
'• In this singular work [Autobiography] there are lofty concep-
tions enough to form a poet, and moral wisdom enough to make a
sage. It is a b(X)k that to be estimated must be read with an ho-
nest and true heart; much must be fiirgiven. and much over-
looked: but after all that is offensive and all that is eccentric is
removed from the surface, there will remain a knowledge, a power,
a feeling, and a perseverance, that must inspire respect and admi-
ration. We hesitate not to ?Ay that in these volumes are some of
the most beautiful passages that are to be found in English prose."
— Lon. Grnt. M'ig., March. 1S35.
Brydone, Patrick, b, about 1743, d. 1S18, a native
of Berwickshire. Travels tbrou.^b Sicily and Malta, Lon.,
1774, 2 vols. 8vo; dedicated to Mr. Bcckford: trans, into
several foreign languages.
'-Liveliness of description of scenery and manners, couched in
an easy and elegant style, has rendered th^st* volumes extremely
p'lpular. notwithstanding they do not display much learning or
knowled;;e. and are even sometimes superficial and inaccurate." —
— Steve vsox.
Mr. Brjdono makes a sad exposure of ignorance in his
remarks on the Carronico Recupero:
•■ These observations,in the present more advanced state of geo-
logv. are scarcely dr'serving of notice."
Mr. Brydone pub. some papers in Phil. Trnn.s., 1757, *87.
Brydson, Thomas. A Summary A^'iew of Heraldry,
Edin., 1785, 8vo.
" It is a pleasing circumstance to find elegance and liberal in-
formation thus happily connected with a science usually perplexed,
as Heraldry is, by technical terms and grotesriue figures. The
historian and the poet, nay the lawyer and the politician, will
peiTise it with ple-asure." — British Critic.
■• Deserving of being called the Philosophy of Heraldry." —
LOWiVDES.
*■ An elegant and entertaining work." — Moi'LE.
Observations respecting Precedency, Lon., 1R12, 4to.
Bryer, James. Inoculation of Cow-Pox, Lon., 1S02,
Svo. Probably by James Bryce.
Brynier, Thomas Parr. Sermon, Lon.. 1840, Svo.
Brymner, Alex. Con. to Med. Comm., 1775.
Bryn, M. Lafayette, M.D., of New York. Remi-
niscences of History. Daring Deeds of Women. Random
Shots. The Repository ofWit and Humour.
*' There are hours when men need relaxation from the sterner
Labours of life, both bodily and mental. In these seasons, such a
volume as the above is a desirable companion, and affords that re-
lief which the mind nivds."
Bryskett, Lodowick. Discourse of Civill Life, kc,
Lon.. 1C06. 4to.
•• Spenser, the friend of the author, is introduced as one of the
eolloquists in this Discourse, which Malone supposes to have been
composed between l.'iSi and 15S9."
Mourning Muse of Thestylis. Quoted by Todd in his
edit, of Milton. The Mourning Muses of Lod. Bryskett
upon the deathe of the moste noble Sir Pliilip Sidney,
Knight. Aug. 22, 1587. This poem will be found in Spen-
ser's works.
'■■ To Bryskett, Spenser addresses the '1?A sonnet in his Amoretti,
and to the same literary frit-nd we probably owe much that has
di'scended to us of the incomparable Faery Queen." — Ritson's
Bihlinrj, Poftica.
We extract a portion of the Sonnet to which Ritson refers:
"Great wrong I doe. T can it not deny,
To th.it most sacred Empresse. my dear dred,
Not finishing her Queene of Faery,
That mote enlarge her living prayses. dead:
But Lodwick, this of grace to me aread ;
Do ye not thinck th' accomplishment of it,
Sufficient worke for one man's simple head,
All were it. as the rest, but rudely writ?"
Bryson, James. 13 Sermons, Belf., 1778, Svo.
Bryson, T. Lectures on Rom. viii., 1795, 12mo.
'■ Spiritual and evangelical." — Bickersteth.
Bryton, Anne. Richmond : a Pastoral. Lon. ,1780, 4to.
Buc, or Buck, Sir Geori^e, d. 1623, a native of
Lincolnshire, is commended by Camden as a person of ex-
cellent learning, who had "remarked many things in his
histories, and courteously communicated hi.s observations
to him," The Third Universitie of England, Lon.. IfilS,
fob ; and afterwards appended to Stowe's Chronicles by
Howes. This work contains a history of the colleges and
schools of London. The Life and Reign of Richard III.,
Lon., 1646. '47 ; printed in Kennet'.'* Hist, of England.
Malone denies this to be our author's, but Ritson insists
13
BUG
upon the contrary. The same view is taken of the cha-
racter of Richard III. as tliat advocated by Horace Wal-
pole in his Historic Doubts. An Eclog treating of
Crownes and of Garlands, Lon., 1605, 4to. The Great
Plantagenet, Lon., 1635, 4to.
"This appears to be a repiiut of the fonner, with very consider-
able alterations, by some fellow who assumed his name." — Ritson.
Buccleugh, Duke of. Cun. to Edin. Phil. Trans.,
1788; a Register of the Weather for 10 years.
Buch, C. W. Trans, of K. R. Hagenbach's Compen-
dium of the History of Doctrines, 2 vols. Svo; being vols,
iii. and vi. of Clarke's Foreign Theol. Library.
" Distinguished for its brevity, its clear statements of the lead-
ing points, its great candour, its ample references to the body of
contemporaneous literature." — Bibliothixa ASacra.
Buchan, Alexander Peter, d. 1824. was a son of
the author of Domestic Medicine, which work he prepared
for its 21st edition ; pub. Lon.. 1813. 8vo. The 29th Amer.
edit, was pub. in 1854. He also edited Armstrong on the
Diseases of Children, Lon., 1808, Svo, and pub. some
■works un Sea Batliing. the Warm Bath, Ac, 1797-1818.
Buchan, Christiana. History of the Christian
Church to the l^th Century, Lon., Svo.
"The aim of the author h;is been rather to state tacts, than ex-
press opinions."
Buchan, David Stewart Erskine, Lord Card-
ross, and Earl of, 1742-1829, an eccentric nobleman
of literary tastes, may perhaps be justly considered the
founder of the Society of Antiquaries, Scotland. His
lordship contributed to the Trans, of this society, to
Grose's Antiquities of Scotland, the Gentleman's Maga-
zine, &c. In conjunction with Walter Minto, he pub.,
Edin., 1787, 4to, An Account of the Life, Writings, and
Inventions of Napier of Merehiston. An Essay on the
Lives and Writings of Fletcher of Saltoun and the poet
Thomson, with some pieces of Thomson never before pub-
lished, Lon., 1792, Svo. He instituted an annual comme-
moration of Thomson. Other works.
Sir Walter Scott seems to have had a singular source of
consolation when attending his lordship's funeral; he re-
marks :
'■ At least I have not the mortification of thinking what a deal
of patronage and fuss Lord Buchan ttould bestow on my funeral."
This reflection will be better understood by reference to
Lockhart's Life of Seott.
Buchan, Peter. Account of the Family of Keith,
&c., Peterhead, 1820, 12mo. Gleanings of Scotch, Eng-
lish, and Irish, scarce old Ballads, Peterhead. 1825, ISnio.
'"A curious and valuable collection of songs, containing much
information relative to their localities and authors."' — Lowndes.
Witchcraft Detected and Prevented, or the School of
Black Art newly opened, Peterhead, 1826, ISmo. Scrip-
tural anrl Philosophical Arguments ; or Cogent Proofs
from reason antl revelation that Brutes have souls, Peter-
head, ls24, I2mo. Ancient Ballads and Songs of the
Xorth of Scotland. 1828. 2 vols. Svo.
Buchan, William, M.D.. 1729-1805, was a native
of Ancrum, Scotland. Domestic Medicine, Lon., 1709,
Svo. This work was received with such favour that it at-
tained its 19th edit. (80,000 copies) in the lifetime of tlie
author. The 21st edit, was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D.,
in 1813, Svo, (later edits.,) and the 29th Amer. edit, in
1854. It has been translated into many European lan-
guages. The Empress of Russia honoured the author
with an autograph letter and a gold medal. Advice to
Mothers, Lon., ISOIJ, Svo. Other profess, works.
Buchanan, AHan, d. 1749. Sermons on interesting
subjects. Edin., 1791. Svo.
Buchanan, Andrew. Rural Poetry, 1S17, 12mo.
Buchanan, Charles. Sermons, 1710, 12mo.
Buchanan, Claudius, D.I)., 1766-1815. a native of
Cambuslang, near Glasgow. Scotland, educated at Queen's
College, Cambridge, was distinguished for his laljorious
eflForts to introduce Christianity into India and other Bri-
tish possessions. Eight Sermons. Edin,, 1812, Svo: of
these the most celebrated is The Star in the East, of which
a 7th edit., with three Jubilee Sermons, was pub. in ISIO.
"Interesting sermons: — strongly marked by the various know-
ledge, the spirit of fervent yet rational pifty. and of warm yet en-
lightened benevolence, which distinguish the writings of Dr.
Buchanan." — Lfjn. Chridiun Ohtterver.
Ecclesiastical Establishment for British India. Lon.,
1805, 4to. Christian Researches in Asia, Lon., 1811, Svo;
5th edit., 1812.
" A book that greatly tended to excite the present missionary
spirit." — BiCKEKSTETn.
Remarks on the Christian Researches, by Major John
Scott Warring. Lon., 1812, Svo. An Apology for promot-
ing Christianity in India. Lon., 181.^, Svo. Other publi-
cations. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Ciau-
273
BUG
dius Buchanan, by Dr. Hugh Pearson, Lon., 1819, 2 vols.
8vo ; 5th edit., 1 vol. 12mo, 1846.
" i)r. Bufh.anan was an eminent instrument raised up of God
and honoured by him, to do much for the Itiniidom of our Lord
Jesus Christ in India, and tn pive a great impulse to the mission-
ary spirit that had l>een liindled in our own country. The Memoir
of his life is full both of valuable information and of profitable
Christian tlliuv-dits." — BlCKEItSTETH.
Buchanan, David, a Scotchman. Humanse Animse,
Paris, ISat), Svo. Histoire de la Conscience, 1638, 12mo,
A Short View of the Present Condition of Scotland, Lon., i
1645, 4to. Relation of some main Passages of Things j
wherein the Scots are particularly concerned, from the
very first Beginning of these unhappy Troubles to this
day, Lon.. 1645. 12mo. ^ I
Buchanan, David. To this gentleman wo are in- j
debted for the article " Aberdeen" in the 7th edit. Encyc.
Brit.
'■ We looked over the article on Aberdeen, and so correctly and j
recently has it been written, that notice is taken of the improve-
ments in our harbour, which wei-e begun the other day." — ^6er-
deen Juitrnal.
Buchanan, Francis, Journey from Madras through
the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, Lon., 1807,
3 vols. 4to.
'• Buchanan's Tour in the Mysore contains more valuable matter
than almost any other book of Travels. lie was. sent into the
countries he surveyed by order of Government, and. of course, en-
joyed singular advantages." — Ri-noitariTs communication to the
editors oft/ie Mines de t'Oi-itnt.
*' Much information, not well arranged or agreeably communi-
cated, on the most valuable productions of these districts, on their
climate, manufactures, and the manners, religion, &c. of then- in-
habitants."— 8TEVE.\SnN.
Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul, <tc. A-c, by Francis
Hamilton, (formerly Buchanan.) 1819, 4to,
*• The same charicter applies to this as the Torn- in the Mysore
by the same author." — Stevenson.
An Account of the Fishes in the Ganges, &c., Edin.,
1822. 41". Con. to Trans. Linn. Society, 1798, ISOO.
Buchanan, George, 1506-1581. an eminent histo-
rian and Latin poet, was a native of Killairn, county of
Stirling, Scotland. He was sent by his uncle, James
Horiot, to the University of Paris, where he applied him-
self to his stuilies with great diligence. After residing at
this seat of learning for two years, the death of his uncle
reduced him to such poverty, that he was obliged to leave
the Uuivensity, and enlist as a commou soldier in the army
of the Duke" of Albany, then commanding the French
forces in Scotland, and regent of the kingdom. After a
few months' experience of military life, he attended the
lectures of the celebrated John Major, and matriculated
at the University of St. Andrew's. Mnjor took his pupil
with him to Fr.ance. and in 1526 procured for him a regency
in the College of St. Barbe, where he took B.A. in 1527,
and M..\. iu"l52S, and gave instructions in grammar; at
the same time acting as tutor to the young Earl of Cassils,
with whom he returned to Scotland. On the death of his
pu]iil, James V. appointed Buchanan preceptor to his
natural son. James, afterw.ards the Abbot of Kelso, who
died in 1548. Buchanan became an object of di.«like to
the Franciscans by two satires — Somnium and Francis-
canus — directed against the licentious lives of some mem-
bers of this order. Franciscanus was written by command
of King James, who suspected several of the Franciscans
of disaflcetion. Buchanan was arrested on the charge of
heresy by Archbishop James Beaton, and confined in St.
Andrew's Castle, from whence he escaped to England.
Not meeting with encouragement from Henry VIII.. he
next visited Paris, where he found his old enemy, Cardinal
Beaton. He now accepted a professorship in the College
of Guieune, at Bordeaux, where he resided for three years,
when he removed to Paris, and from 1544 to 1547 was a
regent in the College of Cardinal le Moine. In the latter
year he accompanied his friend Andrew Govea (late prin-
cipal of the College of Guienne) to Portugal. He remained
here unmolested until the death of Govea, when upon the
charge of heresy he w,as confined in the prison of the In-
quisition for a year and a half, from whence he was trans-
ferred to a monastery, to be educated in the faith of the
Church of Rome. lie says that here he found the monks
moral in their deportment, but altogether ignorant of reli-
gion. Whilst secluded in this monastery, he composed his
celebrated translation of the Psalms into Latin verse.
After regaining his freedom he visited England. Paris, and
Scotland, and was appointed by the Earl of Moray, Prin-
cipal of St. Leonard's College in the University of St. An-
drew's. He embraced the cause of the Regent Moray, and
wrote a Detection, &c., charging Queen Mary with adultery
and murder. In 1567 he was appointed Moderator of the
271
BUG *
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which gave
great dissatisfaction to many — it being alleged that, not-
withstanding his abilities and learning, being a layman,
he was unfitted for the post. He accompanied the Earl
of Moray to England, and whilst there addres.scd some
highly complimentary verses to Queen Elizabeth. The
queen had no dislike to praise, especially from the pen
of the learned, and she settled upon him a pension of £100.
He had previously been appointed, in an assembly of the
Scottish nobility, tutor to King James VI., and he proved
his indeiicndence by conferring upon his youthful majesty
an application of the birch, the fame whereof has come
down to our day. He remarked of the Scottish Solomon,
that he " made him a pedant because he could make no-
thing else of him." He met with a severe loss in the death
of his patron, Moray, who was assassinated in 1570. In
the next year Buchanan was appointed one of the Lords
of the Council and Lord Privy Seal, which entitled him to
a seat in Parliament, For the last years of his life ha
was much afflicted with, ivnd confined to his house by, the
gout, and employed his leisure in the preparation of his
History of Scotland, which occupied him at intervals for
12 or 13 years. It was pub. in 1582, Edin., fol. The
plainness of some of his strictures gave great offence to
the king, and the author was summoned to attend the
Council, but died before the appointed " day of compear-
ance." The aged historian, who had led so troubled a life
from the malice of his persecutors, felt little apprehension
at this last display of hostility. When told that the king
was highly incensed at his De Jure Regni, and his Rerum
Scoti ilistoria. he replied that he
"■\Vas not much concerned about that; for be was shortly going
to a place where there were few kings."'
He ordered his servant to give all his money to the poor,
and said that if those who survived him
■■ Did nut think proper to bury him at their own expense, they
might let him lie where he was, or throw his corpse where they
pleased."'
He was accordingly buried at the expense of the city
of Edinburgh. After a life of more than ordinary hard-
ship, thus was gathered to his fathers — and we trust to
that peaceful haven "where the wicked cease from trou-
bling, .and the weary are at rest" — one of the most famous
scholars whom the world has ever seen.
Rudimenta Grammatices Thomai Linacri, Ac., 1550.
This trans, was made whilst Buchanan was tutor to the
Earl of Cassils. Franciscanus, et alia Poemata, Bas.. 1564,
Svo; 1594, 8vo; Lugd. Bat., 1628, 24mo; Amst., 24mo,
and 1687, 12mo. Poemata et Tragedian, 1609, Svo. Ane
Admonition direct to the treu Lordis maintenaris of the
King's Grace's anthoritie, Stirling, 1571 ; Lon., by John
Day7 1571, Svo; 2d edit. 1571, Svo. De Maria Scotorum
Regina, totaque cius contra Regem Conjuratione, focdo
cum Bothuelo Adulterio, Ac. : the siime in the old Scotch
dialect under the title, Ane Detection of the duinges of
Marie Qucne of Scottes, touchand the murder of hir hus-
band and hir conspiracie, adulteric, and pretended mar-
riage with the Erie Bothwell, Ac; anon, and sine anno;
circa 1572, supposed to have been printed by John Day,
London. If Buchanan is to be believed, there can be but
little doubt of the guilt of the fair Queen of Scots ; but
upon this point we express no ojunion. Baptistes, seu
Tragedia de Calumnia, Francf , 1579, Svo, and 1578, Lon-
dini. Tragedias Sacroe Jephthes et Baptistes, Paris, 1554,
4to; Genev., 1593, Svo; Amst,, 1050, Svo. The trans, of
Baptistes, entitled Tyrannical Government anatomized,
Ac, 16 12. 4to, is attributed by Peck (see his Life of Milton,
Lon., 1740, 4to) to the illnstrious .author of Paradise Lost:
see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, i. 282. Euripides Alccstes,
Ac, pub. 1816. Svo. Diiilogus de Jure Regni apud Scotus,
Edin., 1579, 4to: in English. 1691. 12mo; Glasg.. 1750.
This work greatly off'ended King James VI. ; its pcilitical
sentiments are very liberal, and tend to republicanism. It
was answered by Adam Blackwood, Poict., 1580, '81, Svo,
(ride Bl.vck'Wood, Aoam.) Rerum Scoti Ilistoria. apud
Alex. Arbuthnetum, Edin., 1582, fol. ; in English, Lon.,
1690, fob
"In good modern English." — Bishop Nicolson.
Trans, by William Bond. Lon., 1722, 2 vols. Svo. The
14th, 15th,"l6th, 17(h, 18th, and 19th books of this history
were pub. in English, Lon., 1705. Svo, under the title of
An Impartial Account of the Affairs of Scotland, Ac. Pa.-
raphrasis Psalmorum Davidis Pootica, Ac, Antw., 1567,
Svo; Lon.. 1582. 16mo. De Prosodia Libellus.Ediu., 1600,
Svo. For other publications of Buchanan's pieces, after
his death, see Watt's Bibl. Brit, Lowndes's Bibl. Manual,
Dr. Irving's Memoirs of his Life and Writings. Ac. A
collective edition of his works was pub. by Thomas Rud-
BUC
BUG
diman, Edin.. 1715. 2 vols, fol., and another by Bur-
man, IjUfrd. Jint., 1725, 2 vols. 4to. As a Latin poet it
■vruukl be difficult to praise Buchanan extravag.'iutly. He
did more than imitute the classics: though *'born out of
due time/' his family likeness was so strung, that a re-
inspection of his title-page could hardly convince you that
you were reading the production of a Scotchman of the
16th century. We quote some testimonies to his excellence
as a poet and an historian :
" Buchanan has excelled all bis brethren in the splendour as
well as in the variety of bis triumphs; ho has rivalled the first fiir
vourites of the Koman Muse."
'■ Buchauan not only excelled all that went before him in his
own country, but scarce had his equal in that learned a.<^e in which
he lived. He spent the first fiameand raj^e of his fancy in poetry,
in which be did imitate Virgil in heroics, Ovid in elegiacs, Lucre-
tius in philosophy, Seneca in tragedies. Martial in epigrams. Homer
and Juvenal in satires. He copied after those great masters so
perfectly, that nothiug ever approached nearer the original : and his
immortal Paraphrase on the Psalms dnth shew that neither the
constraint of a limited matter, the darkness of expression, nor the
frequent return of the same or the like phrases, could confine or
exhaust that vast genius. At last, in his old age, when his
thoughts were purified by long reflection and husiness. and a true
judgment came in the room of one of the richest fancies that ever
was. he wrote our History with such beauty of style, easiness of
expression, and exactness in all its parts, that no service or honour
could have been done the nation like it. had he ended so noble a
work as he begun, and carried it on till James the Fifth's death.
But, beiug unluippily engaged in a faction, and resentment working
violently upon him, he suffered himself to be so straugely biased
that in the relations he gives of many of the transactions of his
own time he may rather pass for a satirist than an historian." —
Craw/f/rd's History of the House nf Este: quoted by Mackenzie.
"It cannot be denied but Buchanan was a man of admirable
eloquence, of i-are prudence, and of an exquisite judgment: he
has written the History of Scotland with such elegancy and po-
liteness that he surpasses all the writers of his age: and he has
even equalled the ancients themselves, without excepting either
Sallust or Titus Livius. But he is accused by some of being an
unCiithful historian, and to have shewn in his histnry an extreme
aversion against Queen Mary Stuart; but his masterpiece is his
Paraphrase upon the Psalms, in which he outdid the most Cimous
"poets among the French and Italians." — Teissieu : Eloges des Horn-
mes SfavanSj tome ii.
It is pleasing to quote the commenclations of learned
foreigners : we give a few others :
" His style is fine and pure, and the historian appears every where
to speak the truth, as far as it was known to him He has
united the brevity of Sallust to the elegance and perspicuity of
Livy: for these were the two authors that he chiefly intended to
imitate: and I do not believe that any modern historian hath
better succeeded in imitating the historians of antiquity.'' — Le
Clerc : liiblintfieqiie Choviie.
" His History is written with so much purity, spirit, and judg-
ment, that it does not appear to be the production of a man who
had passed all his days in the dust of a school, but of one who
had been all his lifetime convei-sant in the most impoi'tant afi'airs
of state. Such was the greatness of his mind, and the felicity of
his genius, that the meanness of his condition and fortune has not
hindered Buchanan from forming just sentiments of things of the
greatest moment, or from writinir concerning them with a great
deal of judgment." — Thuanus : Hisf. ; i-fV/o Bayle's Diet. We need
hardly caution the reader against the ridiculous slanders quoted
by Bayle.
The celebrated Montaigne refers to Buchanan as one of
his domestic tutors, and the Marshal de Brissac sent to
Piedmont to invite him to become preceptor to his son
Timelou de Cose. It is amusing to notice the continued
aversion of James VI. to Buchanan's History of Scotland.
In his Basilicon-Doron he recommends his son to be well
versed in authentic histories, but cautions him —
" I mean not of such infamous invectives as Buchanan's or
Knox's Chronicles: and if any of these infamous libels remain
until your days, use the law upon the keepers thereof."
We have seen that Charles followed his father's advice,
and lost his head by neglecting the principles of the old
schoolmaster's De Jure Regni. James never forgot the
flagellations by means of which Buchanan f|uickened his
intellectual perceptions. He used to remark, long after,
of an eminent individual, that he "ever trembled at his
approach ; it minded him so of his pedagogue."
Richard Harvey seems to have felt somewhat of the
same awe. In his Philadelphos, or a defence of Brutes
and the Bnitans History, in answer to our author, he thus
excites his courage for the onslaught:
'■ Master Bucliauan. thoush some call y^n the trumpet of Scot-
land, and some the noble scholler, yet I will be so bold as answere
your larum, trmcliing the history of mighty Brute."
George Eglisem had the effrontery to claim that his
translation of the Psalms was superior to Buchanan's, and
even appealed to the University of Paris to confirm the
justice of his criticisms on his illustrious rival. Hereupon
Barclay remarks, that
"It would be more difficult to find in Bu-^hanan's translation
anv verses that are not good, than it would be to find any in
Kglisem's that are not bad."
" The most applauded of Buchanan's poetical works is bis trans- |
lation of the Psalms, particularly of the 104th. This Psalm has
been translated into Latin by nine Scottish poets. Eight of these
translations were printed at Edinburgh. Ki'JW. 12mo, together with
the Poetic Duel of Eglisem with Buchanan." — Granger.
Mackenzie remarks that
"Buchanan executed this translation with such inimitable
sweetness and elegancy, that this version of the Psalms will be
esteemed and admired as long as the world endures, or men have
any relish for poetry." — Scotch \Vriters.
"It is generally admitted that to Scotland belongs the honour
of having produced the fiuest Latin version of the Book of Psalms.
At a time when literature was far from common in Europe. Bu-
chanan, then a prisoner in a foreign land, produced a work which
has inmiortalized his name, and left scarcely any thing to be de-
sired— as far as the beauties of diction and imagery are concerned
— in a translation of the sacred songs. It is not meant that h&,
has always fiiithfully represented the meaning of the orii^inal.
He had not, perhaps, a sufficient stock of Hebrew knowK'dge to
enable him to do so. His studies and attainments were moiv of
a classical than of a Biblical character; and bis principal aim was
to clothe the sentiments of David in thi^ elegant drapery of Horace
and Virgil. There are t%venty-nine difl"erent kinds nf measure in
the work, in all of which be shows huw completely he was master
of the varied forms of Latin verse. In many of the Psiilms he has
succeeded to admiration. The CIV. has frequently been selected
as one of the finest specimens of sublime poetry. ... A transla-
tion of Buchanan's Psalms into English verse was published by
the Rev. J. Cradock, of Maryland. 1754, Svo."— Orm^'s Bibl. Bib.
'' If we look into Buchanan, what can we say. but that the
learned author, with great command of Latin expression, has no
true relish for the emphatick concisc-ness and unadorned sim-
plicity of the inspired poet?" — Dr. Beattie.
The treatise De Jure Regni apud Scofus is in the form
of a dialogue between Buchanan and Thomas Maitland.
The latter, represented as lately returned from his travels,
complains to the former of the proceedings against Mary,
Queen of Scots, for tlie alleged murder of her husliand,
Lord Darnley. Buchanan justifies his countrymen, and
in the course of his arguments assumes grounds of a cha-
racter so democratic as to astonish the public mind of
Europe.
" This book of Buchanan's has been much traduced by some
good kind of men, and passes for a very pei-nicious work. But,
after a careful perusal, I cannot view it in this light: he only
tenches that kings are not above the laws that they have sworn
t<i. and that the people may oblige them to observe them, and that
wilhiiot tbis thev are not bound to obey them." — Le Clerc:
Billinf!,o/ii>- fli'ds-ie.
■' It has been reproached to this cultivated scholar that he gives
his sentiments with too much libevty. I am surprised that so
many critics have concurred in this censure. Is there a quality
in an author so honourable, so useful, as that of expressing what
he thinks? Is it proper that science and learning should be put
in prison, and dishonoured by confinement and fetters? Mise-
rable is that nation where literature is under any form but that
of a i-epublic," — Dr. Gilbert Stuvrt.
"The dialogue of our illustrious countryman Buchanan, De
Jure Regni apud Scotus. though occasionally disfigured by the
keen and indignant temper of the writer, and by a predilection
fpardonable in a scholar warm from the schools of ancient Greece
and Home) for forms of policy unsuitable to the circumstances of
modern Europe, bears, nevertheless, in its general spirit, a closer
resemblance to the political philosophy of the eighteenth century,
than any composition which had previously appeared." — Dcgald
Stewart: Ist Prelim. I>i.-^s. 1th edit. Enci/c. Brit.
His Rerum Scoti Historia has, according to the different
politics of critics, elicited both warm commendation and
strong censure. Its literary merit is beyond all cavil.
We have already given some commendations of this work :
we subjoin a few others :
" In his old age he applied himself to write the Scots' History,
which he renewed with such judgment and eloquence, as no coun-
try can show a better." — Archbishop Spotswood.
But the archbishop disapproves of many of the his-
torian's sentiments, whilst he lauds the author's genius.
Dr. Robertson speaks much in the same strain :
"If his accuracy and impartiality had been, in any degree, equ.al
to the elegance of his taste, and to the purity and vicour of his
style, his history might be placed on a level with the most ad-
mired compositions of the ancients. But. instead of rejecting the
improbable tales of chronicle writers, he was at the utmost pains
to adorn them: and hath clothed with all the beauties and graces
of fiction, those legends which formerly had only its wildness and
extravaeance." — History of ScotJund.
"Buchanan is not sufficiently ex.act in his dates, nor does he
cite his authorities; in some parts of his history he is rather too
fond of the marvellous, and of putting fine speeches into the
mouths of his great men. in imitation of the ancient historians,
whose defects he has copied as well as their excellencies," — Le
Clerc: Bitiliottieque Cboisie.
Conrig commends him as a man of exquisite judgment,
and Bishop Burnet declares that
"His style is so natviral and nervous, and his reflections on
things are so solid, that he is justly reckoned the greatest and
best of our modern authors," — Hist, of the Hefrrmatioii.
"The composition of his history betrays no symptoms of the
author's old age and infirmities: his style is not merely distin-
guished by its correctness and elegance — it breathes all the fervent
animation of youthful genius. The noble ideas which so fre-
quentlv rise in his mind, he always expresses in language of cor-
respondent dignity. His uari-ative is extremely perspicuous, varie-
275
BUG
^ated, and interesting; it is silil.mi .Id cienf, and never rednndant.
His moral and political retlirtioiis .-ire pnifiuml iiiiJ nuislcrly. lie
is ready upon all occasions to viiidirato the unalienaMe ri,;:hts of
mankind; and he uniformly delivers his sentiments with a noble
freedom and energy." — Dr. Irving, in Encyc. Brit.; q.v.
When the Latinity of the writers of the English tongue
is called in question hy learned foreigners, it is no small
satisfaction to be able to direct their attention to the il-
lustrious poet of Scotland, of whom Bishop Burnet re-
marks that
"In the writings of Buchanan there appears, not only all tne
beauty and graces of the Latin tongue, hut a vigour of mind, and
quickness of thought, far l)evond Itemljo. or the other Itahaiis,
who at that time aHected to revive the purity of the Roman style.
It was but a feeble imitation of Tully io them. In his immortal
poems he shews so well how lie could imitate all the lioman poets
in their several ways of writing, that he who compiires them will
be often tempted to prefer the copy to the original."— ffis(. o/ the
Jiefiirmation.
We quote a few lines from an able and eloquent review of
. Buchanan's writings, from Blackwood's Magazine, vol. iii. ;
we commend the article to the attention of our readers :
"Of all the modern poets who have written in Latin, is there
one who has stamped upon his versos the impress of genius rioting
in its strength— the symbol of uncontrolled might— the full ma-
jesty of Ireedom ? If such an one there be, who shall deserve, so
well, the name of a Prometheuf^-the rival of creators— the con-
queror of bondage? To those who doubt the power of genius to
overcome even these difficulties, and achieve even these tri-
umphs, we must address onlv one word — Read Rcchan.an.''
We are not a little surpriscil at Mr. Hallam's estimate
of the merits of Buchanan. Without denying him great
merit, he thinks him much overrated. In thus taking
ground against Henry Stephens, Scaliger, Baillet, and " all
France, Italy, and (5c"rmany," this eminent scholar displays
a, commendiible independence — the correctness of his judg-
ment is another question — and he very modestly remarks,
" As I have fairly quoted those who do not quite agree with my-
self, and by both "number and reputation ought to weigh more
with the reader, he has no right to complain that I mislead his
taste." — Lit. Hist, of Europe.
The distinguished critic considers that" Jonston's Psalms
do not fall short of those of Buchanan," and he prefers
the poem of the latter on the Sphere to any other of his
poetical productions. See Biog. Brit.; Chalmers's Life
of Ruddiman; Hume; Robinson and Stu.art's Histories ;
Laing'sHist. of Scotland; Mackenzie's Scotch Writers ; Dr.
David Irving's Memoirs of Buchanan's Life and Writings.
Buchanan, George, M.D.. President Royal Phy-
sical Society of Edinburgh. Treatise on the Typhus Fever,
Baltimore, 1789, 8vo.
Buchanan, George. A Treatise on Road Making,
R.iilways, Wheel Carriages, and the Strength of Animals.
See a notice of this work in Donnldson's Agricult. Biog.
Buchanan, James. Lingua: Britannicse vera Pro-
nunciato, 17.57, Svo. Other jihilolog. works, 1757-70, 12mo.
Buchanan, James, one of the ministers of the High
Church, Edinburgh. Tracts for the Times, Edin.. lSi.3,
12mo. Comfort in Affliction, a Series of Meditations,
1837, Svo.
" A most valuable work, which I would affectionately recommend
to every Christian mourner."— Rev. IIuoh White: MedHations.
"They abound with .all the characteristics of Mr. Buchanan's
richly-endowed, highly-cultivated, and thoroughly-matured mind."
— Prerbyt. Jfex'ii'w.
Improvement of AfHiction, a sequel to the above, Edin.,
184S, Svo;
"The utmost simplicity, combined with exquisite beauty and
elegance of composition, the most natural and obvious, yet full
and comprehensive, views of revealed truth, characterize the vo-
lume."— Church of Scotlaml Mtirf:iz>i>'\
The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit, Edin., Svo ; 4th
ed., 1843.
" Over these pages we are persuaded many a reader will linger,
as the diversified features of the divine administration are por-
trayed, and. closing the volume reluctantly, will wonder what
ecstatic interest the personal narrative of redeemed spirits inim-
mortality must possess, since their partial recital on eai-th gives
rise to such a fountain of feeling." — C^mffrpgatioual Mjgazinf.
Buchanan, James. Sketches of the History. Man-
ners, and Customs of the Xorth American Indians, lS24,8vo.
" The author is absolutely without any qualifications whatever
for tin- t.'.sk he has undertaken."- Z/m. Quarterli/ llrrieu:
Buchanan, John. Two Assize Sermons, 1793, Svo.
Buchanan, John Lanny. Travels in the Western
Helnides from 1782 to 17ilO, Lon., 1793. Svo.
" A statistical account, containing much interesting information,
written expres.sly to point out means of improvement." — Lowspes.
A Defence of the Scots Highlanders against Pinkerton,
Lon., 1794, Svo. The author opposes Pinkcrton's theory
as to the early history of the Scots nation. A General
View of the Fisheries of Great Britain, Lon., 1794. Svo.
Buchanan, Robert, D.D., of Glasgow. The Ten
Years' Conflict, being the History of the Disruption of the
Church of Scotland, Edin., 1849, 2 vols. Svo.
270
BUG
" For a complete and full study of the Scotttsh Church question,
as it has been termed. Ur. liuchanau's elaborate and able work
funiiaes ample materials. ... In a literary point of view, the
work is one of very hiu'h meiit. ... A work produced at such »
time and by one so amply qualitied, cannot tail to go down to
future a"es as a full and authentic record of the recent remarkable
controve'isv, bearing the stamp of the high moral courage which
braved the severest possible test, and the moral veracity in which
that test Ibund no flaw."— iVwrt liriti.^h Bex-iew. . , . . ,.
" A clear and masterly exposition of the causes which led to the
'Conflict,' and the varied aspects which it exhibited from its com-
mencement, in 1833. to its issue in 1.S43."— £ccm<7c(ica! Mag.
Buchanan, Robertson, Civil Engineer. Essays
on Mill Work, Ac, 1814, 3 vols. Svo.; 2d edit., 1823, Svo.
Other profess, works. 1807-16.
Buchanan, William, of Auchmar. Essay upon the
Family and Surname of Buchanan, Glasg., 1723, 4to ;
Edin.," 1775, Svo: the latter contains additional matter.
Buchanan, William. Reports of certain remark-
able Cases in the Court of Session, and Trials in the High
Court of Justiciary, 1813, Svo.
Buchanan, William. Memoirs of Painting, Lon.,
1824. 2 vols. Svo. A valuable work.
Buck, Adam. 100 Engravings from Paintings and
Greek Vases, L..n., 1812, Svo.
Buck, Charles, 1771-1S15, an exemplary minister,
was successively stationed at .Sheerness, Hackney, and
London. Anecdotes. Religious, Moral, and Entertaining,
Lon., 1799, 12mo; 6th edit, corrected, 1S15, 2 vols. 12mo;
vol. 3, ISlfl, Svo ; 10th edit., 1842, 12mo; 1 vol.
" The best collection of facts of this nature ever formed in the
En"lish language. . . . The work will afford valmable assistance
to \he religious teacher in his intercourse with mankind."— Br. E.
'ATheological Dictionary, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. Svo; 1S21,
Svo, and since much improved by Kev. Dr. Henderson ;
1847, Svo ; pp. 788.
" A very excellent and useful book, the result of much^ lalKlur
and investigation, and a remarkabi ' ' ' " ' ^ j c.
.cB.i ..,..>.., .. .- .-" - talent for clearness of defini-
tion a"nd des'criptVo'n. "Tlie diligence of the author has rendered it
very copious; and the soundness of his understanding has made
it abundantly instructive. It is in gener.al free from bigotry, and
may be used advantageously by Protestants of all descriptions, and
iudeed bv all Christians."— Bntis'i fW/fc.
" On theological and ecclesiastical subjects the information which
it contains is sound and comprehensive."— Dr. E. WiLUiMS.
Other works.
Buck, Daniel Dana, b. 1814. in New Hampshire,
Theological writer. Exposition of the 24th Chap, of Mat-
thew, 8vo, 1853.
Buck, Sir George. See Bnc.
Buck, J. W. Reports of Cases in Bankruptcy from
ISlC) to 1820. Lon., 1S21, r. Svo.
Buck, or Bucke, James. Theological treatises,
Lon., 1639, '60, 4to. .„ ^ ^ ,^
"One of those great and good men whose works wiU ever be held
in hiL'h estimation by those who are on their way to Zion with
their faces thitherward."
Buck, Maximilian. Sermons, 1703, '04, '18, Svo.
Buck, Robert. Sermon, Matt. vi. 13, Svo.
Buck, Samuel and Nathaniel. Views of Bums
of the most noted Castles and Abbeys in England, Lon.,
1721, 3 vols. fol. Antiquities, or Venerable Remains of
above fiuir hundred Castles, Monasteries, Palaces, Ac, in
England and Wales, Lon., 1774, 3 vols. fol. ; first pub.
1727-40 in sets. An original subscription set was sold —
Beckf.nd. in 1817— for £53 lis.
Bucke, Charles, 17S1-1S47, a native of Worlington,
Sufftdk, England. The Beauties, Harmonies, and Sub-
limities of Nature, Lon., 4 vols. Svo; new edition, en-
larged, 1837, 3 vols. Svo.
" One of the most beautiful works I ever read ; it stands at the
very head of its class in modern times."— Sir J.*mes Mackiktosii.
"'What has been said of Lord Racon may, with great truth, be
applied to Mr. Rucke. that 'his feeling for Nature was the main
side on which his philosophy ran into poetry, and vented itself in
a very graceful, as well as grand, enthusiasm, befitting one of the
High-Priests of Wisdom.' "—Lon. Littrarii Chronich.
Book of Human Character, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo.
"It is no exaggeration to s.ay. that to have read the books re-
ferred to, and quoted from, in this olio, must h.ave been the work
of a man's life. The very names of the poets, philosophers, and
painters, scattered through the volumes, render them precious."—
Lon. At>ien(Funi. . „ , ,, .u
" Of his style nothing can be said but in praise."— £o?i. Mmithlij
Eerifw.
The Book of Table Talk, Lon., 2 vols., 12mo.
" This entertaininc book is just one to bake up. read a bit of, and
lav down, at any idle hour."— ion. Lilrrary Gualte.
""The spiritual attribute ofTabli^talk is to be amusing ; and the
volumes before us are rich in that quality." — i"". Atheiifrum.
Bnckeriilge, or Buckritlge, John, D.D.. d. 163],
educated at. and Fellow of. St. John's College, Oxf., and
made President thereof. 1005 ; Canon of Windsor, 1606 ;
Bishop of Rochester, 1611 ; translated to Ely, 1626. Ser-
BUG
BUG
mon on Romans xiii. 5, Lon., 1606, 4to. De Potestat«
Pupi« in Rebus Temporalibus, &c., Lon,, IfiH, 4to.
'•In whicli bouk he hath so shaken the papal monarchy, and its
BuptTiuiitv uvtT kings antl princes, tliat nune of tlie learned men
ot tiiat party did ever undertake a reply unto it." — Allien. Oxon.
Bishop Buc-keriilge printeil some other sermons, 1018, Ac.
Buckliam, P. \V. Remarks on the Phytolacca Do-
dccandra. or iMustaril-Tree of the Scriptures, Lou., 1S2(, 8vo.
'■Mr. Frost's hypothesis is controverted with much learning
and ingenuity by the Rev. Mr. Buckhani, who arjiues that the
tree iutended is the common mustard-tree, and who has collected
numerous p.-tssages from ancient botanical writers, and from mo-
dern travellers and botanical authors, in support of his argument.'*
— T. H. HoENE.
See Sir Thomas Browne's view of this subject in bis Mis-
cellanies: Works, edited by Wilkin, pub. by H. fi. Bohn,
Lon., 185o, 3 vols.
Buckliurst. .*ce Sackville.
Buc'kiii^liam, Duke of. See Villiers.
Buckingham and Chandos, Duke of. Memoirs
of the Court ami Cabinets of (ieorge the Third: from Ori-
ginal Family Documents, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed.
'■A very remarkable and valuable publication. The Duke of
Buckingham has himself undertaken the task of Winning a history,
from the papers of his grandfather anil great-uncle, the Earl Tem-
ple tflrst Marcpiis of Buckingham) and Lord Grcuville, of the days
of the second Wni. Pitt. . . . The duke has moulded his material
with no ordinary ability and skill." — Lon. Titiuys.
"These volumes are a treasure for the politician and a mine of
wealth for the historian." — Britannia.
Buckingham, James Silk, b. 17S6, at the village
of Flushing, near Falmouth, England; died in London,
1855. " He established in London the Oriental Herald,
which became the precursor of several similar journals,
and the Athenaeum, which is now the leading literary
journal among those which are published weekly." He
was well known to the world as a lecturer. Member of
Parliament, and especially as an enterprising traveller.
Travels in Palestine, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This work is both interesting and valuable in more than en
ordinary degree. It suggests some importiint correctious of geo-
graphical errors, and adds considerably to our knowledge of the
less-frequented regions. Mr. Buckingham is a very clever, observ- I
ant, and meritorious traveller." — Lftn. E<:l':ctic Review. \
Travels among the Arab Tribes inhabiting the Countries
east of Syria and Palestine, itc, 1825, 4to. Travels in
Mesopotamia, ic, ls27. 4to; 2d ed.. 2 vols. 8vo.
"One of the most valuable contributions that have been made
in modern times to a knowledge of the ancient and modern state
of Asia." — Lon. Globe.
Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, 1829, 4to; 2d {
ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo. I
"This volume may be pronounced more interesting than any of
Mr. Buckingham's former Travels, as it chiefly consists of personal
narrative." — Lon. Monthly Review.
Tour of Belgium, Rhine, .Switzerland, &c., 2 vols. Svo.
Tour in France, Piedmont, Lombardy, kc, 2 vols. 8vo.
National Evils and Practical Remedies, Svo. Coming
Era of Reform, 8vo. Evils of the Present System of Popu-
lar Elections, 12mo. Parliamentary Evidence on Drunken-
ness, Svo. Sketch of his 'Voyages, Travels, Writings, kc.
Svo. America: Historical, Statistic, and Descriptive, — viz.:
Northern States, .3 vols. ; Eastern and Western States, 3
vols. ; Southern or Slave States, 2 vols. ; Canada, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, and the other British Provinces in
North America, 1 vol. : together, 9 vols. Svo, Lon. 1841-43.
"A very entire and comprehensive view of the United States,
diligently collected by a man of great acuteness and observation."
— Lon. Literary Gazette.
'• Mr. Buckingham goes deliberately through the States, treating
of all, historically aud statistically, — of their rise and progress,
their manufactures, trade, population, topography, fertility, re-
sources, morals, manners, and education. His volumes will be
found a storehouse of knowledge." — Lon. Alhenxum.
" I am able to bear a witness's testimony to the accuracy of the
first three volumes of your work on America, which were my com-
panions in my recent travels through that country ; and I found
that their truth, research, and general impartiality, independently
of higher results, made them most useful and satisCictory guides
and text-books. . . . Vou have so fully occupied the whole ground
that my abstaining from treading in your footprints cannot fail
to be generally acquiesced in." — Lord Morpeth to the Author.
Autobiography, 1855, 2 vols. p. Svo. His death occur-
ring at this time, the third and fourth volumes, which
were ready for the press, were not published. The MS.
journals of his various travels occupy 28 folio volumes
closely written.
Buckingham, Joseph T., b. 1779, at Windham,
Connecticut, is extensively known in the United States as
a journalist of great experience. From 1802 to '15 he
was a publisher in Boston, and from 1805 to '14 issued
The Polyanthus, a monthly magazine. Mr. B. has also
been connected with The Ordeal, pub. for six months in
1809; The Comet, 1814-15; The New England Galaxy
and Masonic Magazine, 1817-28; The Boston Courier,
1824-48 : The New England Magazine, 1832-36. 1. Speci-
mens of Newspaper Literature, with Personal Memoirs,
Anecdotes, and Reminiscences. Best., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
2. Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life,
Bost., 1852. 2 vols. lOmo. These works should be in every
American library, and in.ay also claim the attention of the
Engli-sh collector, as embodying a history of British Colo-
nial periodical literature.
Buckingham, Thomas, d. 1731, minister at Con-
necticut, pub. an Election Sermon, entitled Moses and
Aaron, in 1728.
Buckland, A. C. Letters on Early Rising. Letters
to an Attorney's Clerk; completed by W. H. Buckland,
Lon., 1844, 12mo.
" Among all the kind advisers who have undertaken to teach the
young attorney how to rise, -Mr. Buckland is perhaps the most
sensible aud valuable."— ion. Monllily Review.
Buckland, Francis T., Assistant-Surgeon 2d Life-
Gnards, eldest son of the late Dr. W. Buckland, the geolo-
gist, b. 1823, was educated at Oxford. Curiosities of Na-
tural History, 1858, 1 vol. fp. Svo, illustrated. Third edi-
tion published within six months of its first appearance.
Buckland, John. Sermon, Lon., 1S09. 4to.
ISiickland, Ralph, b. about 1564, d. 1611. a native
of Wot llaptre. Somersetshire, was entered of Magdalene
College, O.vford, 1570. became a Roman Catholic, and spent
seven years in Douay College, was ordained priest, aud
sent as a missionary to EngUand, where he laboured for
twenty yeiirs. A Trans, of the Lives of the Saints, from
Surius. A Persuasive against Frequenting Protestant
Churches, 12mo. Seven Sparks of the Enkindled Flame,
12mo: for an account of Archbishop Usher's sermon on
this book, see Athen. Oxon. An Embassage from Heaven,
Svo. De Persecutione Vandalica: a trans, from the Latin
of 'Victor. Bishop of Biserte or Utica.
Buckland, The Very Rev. William, Dean of West-
minster, 1784-1856, b. at Axininster, Devon, educated at
and Fellow of Corpus Chfisti College. Oxford, was appointed
Reader in Mineralogy in 1S13, Reader in Geology, 1816,
j Dean of Westminster, 1845. The devotion with which Dr.
B. has pursued his favourite subject is well known to the
world. VindiciffiGeologica;; or. The Connection of Geology
with Religion Explained, pp. 38. Reliquiae Diluviana>; or,
Observations on the Organic Remains contained in Caves,
Fissures, and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phe-
1 nomen.a, attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge. Lon.,
1823, 4to. Geology and Mineralogy consulered with Refer-
ence to Natural Theology; 2d ed., 1S37, 2 vols. Svo: vol.
i.. Geology and Mineralogy; vol. ii., Plates, with explana-
tions: Bridgewater Treatise. The £1000 received by the
learned and liberal Dr. B. are said to have been expended
by him on the plates of this work. Read a review of the
I same in the Lon. Quarterly Review, Ivi. 31, where many
quotations are given from the volume:
" We must here, however unwillingly, bring to a conclusion our
quotations from this most instructive and interesting volume, of
which every page is pregnant with facta inestimably precious to the
natural theologian, — offering, as we unfeignedly do, our sincere
acknowledgments to Dr. Buckland for the industry and research
he has devoted to the performance of his task, and for the com-
manding eloquence with which he has called forth the very stocka
and stones that have been buried for countless ages in the deep re-
cesses of the earth, to proclaim the universal agency throughout
all time of one all-directing, all-pervading Mind, and to swell the
chorus in which all creation 'hyums his praise' and bears witness
to his unlimited power, wisdom, and benevolence."
See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii. 692, and, for a notice of
Reliquiie Diluvianae, Chris. Month. Spec. vi. 415. Some
strictures upon Dr. Bucklnnd's theory of the Caves, pro-
posed in the Reliquiae Diluvianse, will be found in the Rev.
George Bugg's .Scriptural Theology, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. Svo.
See Fairholme's Phvs. Demons., Ac of the M. Deluge,
Lon., 183S, Svo. Dr. B. pub. in 1839 The Sentence of Death
at the Fall. See Lon. (ient. Mag., .Sept. 1856, 384.
Buckle, Henry Thomas. History of Civilization
in England, 1857: vol. i., Svo, pp. 860. Censured in Lon.
Athen., 1857, S50. Reviewed in North British Review,
July, 1858. Vol. ii. pub. 1858 : N. York, 1858. 2 vols. Svo.
This work has been unfavourably noticed in several of the
British quarterlies, and commended by Lon. Month. Mag.,
Bost. Christian Examiner, Ac.
Buckle, R. Bentley, Archdeacon of Dorset. A
Charge to the Clergy in Juue. 1843, Dorches., 1843, Svo.
Buckle, William. A Catechism compiled from the
Book of Common Prayer, Lon., 1S07, 12mo.
Buckler, Benjamin, D.D., 1716-1780, was educated
at Oriel College, Oxford. He became a Fellow of All Souls'
CoUefc, where he proceeded B.D., 1755, D.D.. 1759. He
" 277
BUG
BUD
assisted his (Vie.a Sir Ayim.,u BWUstonc - hi. reseo^d^s ^f ^^'iS ™ 'a^^ll^S StS^mu o^K^r^LllelS
respecting the rights of iellowshiij, Ac. m All .Souls Gol- ^'»;j',„.i„j„.,| ,,.„,„, ks.'-BicKEBsTtTH.
lege, and drew »p the Stemmiita Cbieheleana, or a (renea- ^ - -- _. - .. , „ „
lo"ical Account of some of the Families derived froil
Thomas Chicele, of Higham Ferrars ; forming
Supplement, 2 vols. 4to in 1. Oxford, 17()i-75.
plete Vindication of the Mallard of All Souls
Lon., 1750, Svo. For an account of this amusing
Tersy, see Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Nichols
with the
A Corn-
College,
contro-
l's Lit. Anec-
dotes. A Reply to Dr. Huddcsford's Ohs., Oxf., 1756, ito.
Sermtuis, 170'.).
BiicUler,Edivard. Queries on the Oiith, Lon., ICiii. fol.
Buckler, E. II. Views of SoulhwoU Church, Lon., lid.
Buckler, Jolui Chessell. Views of the Cathedral
Churches of England and Wales, Lon., 1H22, r. 4to. Obs.
on the Original Architecture of St. Mary Magdalen College,
Oxford, Ac., Lon., 182.'!, Svo.
'• A tract containing much information on early architecture. —
Buckler, Thomas II., M.D. Etiology, Pathology,
and Treatment of Fibro-Bronchitis and Rheumatic Pneu-
monia. Phila., 1853, Svo.
Buckley, Francis. Trial of Col. Andrews, Lon.,
Buckley, J. W. Sermons, Brighton it Lon., 18-13-50.
Buckley, Saml. Letters to Dr. Mead concerning a
new edit, of Thuanus's Historv, Lon., 1728, Svo. Thuani
llist..rinrum, Ac. per Sam. Buckley, Lon., 1733, 7 vols.
Buckley, Theodore William Alois, 1825-1856;
educated at O.\lord, where he was greatly distinguished
for hi.s learning; Ijccame one of the chaplains of Christ
Church, O.xford, and subsequently removed to London,
where he edited for the booksellers a number of the Greek
and Latin classics, ic, (some of which he also translated
into English,) and several English works. He also contri-
buted largelv to periodicals. See Lou. (Jeut. Mag., March,
1856, 314-316. , „ t.t at
Buckman, James, in conjunction with C. N. JNew-
marsh, Esci., has favoured the puldio with illustrations of
the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the site of
Ancient Corinium, Svo and 4to. See Lon. Archseol. Jour.
Buckrainster, Joseph, d. 1792, aged 72, a minister
of Rutland, Massachusetts, pub. severaldiscourses, 1759, &c.
Buckminster, Joseph, 1751-1812, son of the pre-
ceding, a minister of Portsmouth, Mass., pub. some occa-
sionarserms.. 1787-1811. See Lee, Mus. Eliza B.. No. 4.
Buckminster, Joseph Stevens, son of the pre-
ceding, 1784-1812, a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp-
Bhiro, displayed uncommon literary abilities at a very early
age. He entered Harvard College in 1797, took B.A. ISflO,
and was appointed minister of the Brattle Street Unitarian
Society in Boston, 1805. His ill health obliged him to travel
in Europe in 1806-07. In ISll he was appointed First Prof,
of Biblical Criticism at Cambridge, but died before he had
entered upon his duties. As a preacher aud accomplished
scholar, Mr. Buckminster attained, although so young in
years, great reputation. In 1808 he superintended an
Amer. ed. of Griesbach's Greek Testament, and contem-
plated further labours in the same field. His Serms. were
pub. in 1S14, (Lon., 1827,) and a second vol. in 1829. His
works, with ]NIeinoir, were pub. in Lomhui, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Buckminster, Thomas. Right Christian Calendar,
Lon.. 1570, Svo. New Aliuananke, Lon., 15S3, Svo.
Bueknall, Thomas. The Orchardist, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Buckner, John, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons,
1798, l.SOII. '02, '12. A Charge, 1797.
Buckridge, Thomas, Rector of Merrow, Surrey,
Six Sermons, Lon., 1767, 8vo. ^ ,»„, r,
Buckridys. Letter on Conformity, Lon., 1704, loi.
Buckworth, J., Vicar of Dcwsbury, Yorkshire.
Twenty Discourses on Doctrinal, Experimental, aud Prac-
tical Religion, Leeds, 1812, 12mo.
Budd, Edward. Political tracts, 1809, 10.
Budd, George, M.D., Prof, of Medicine m Kings
CoUce, Lon. Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, Lon., Svo ;
2d ed?, 1852. 2 Amer. edits. Lectures on the Organic Dis-
eases and Functional Disorders of the Stomach, Lon., Svo.
"We cannot too strongly recommend the diligent study of this
volume. The work cannot fail to rank the name of its antiior
amoii" the most enliKhtencd pathologists and soundest practi-
tiont-rs of the Aa.y."—iItdlc'i-Chini.rciical Review.
Budd, Henry, Rector of 'VVhite-Roothing. The^Con-
demncd Cell, 1813. Considering the Poor, 1813. Silent
Preacher, 12mo. Baptismal Education, 2 vols. 12mo.
Infant Baptism the Means of National Reformation, 1827,
'39. '41, 12mo. „ „ ^„ , , •,
" Invaluable as are the incidental topics in Mr. Budd a book, it
is too discursive exactly to answer that which seems desu'aWe,— a
278
Budd. R. H. The Foot ,d' the Hor.se. 1816, Svo.
Budd, Thomas Allibone, an eminent lawyer of
Philadelphia, has pub. several addresses, Ac, and is the
author of the Life of John Dickinson, in the National
Portrait-tJallery of Distinguished Americans.
Buddon. John, 1566-1620, entered Merton College,
Oxl..r.l. l.'iS2. was made Doctor in Civil Law, 1002, Prin-
cipal of New Inn, 1009, and shortly alter King's Professor
of Civil Law, and Principal of Broadgate's Hall. Life of
William of Waynflete, founder <if Magdalen College, in
Latin, Oxon., 1602, 4to ; also the Life of Archbishop Mor-
ton, Lon., 1607, Svo. A Discourse lor Parents Honour- and
Authority over their Children, Lon., 1614, Svo, trans, from
the Frcncdi of Peter Frodius. He also made some trans-
lations from the Latin.
" He was a person of great eloquence, an excellent rhetorician,
pbilosophfr. and a most noted civilian. "—vl»ie/i. Oxon.
Buddicom, Robert Peddcr, d. 1846, ineumhent
of St. George's. Evcrton, near Liverpool. Forty-two ser-
mons, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. Friend,«hip with God,
1839. 2 vols. ]2mo. Other theological works.
Buddie, George. Evangelical Fasts. Lon.. 1699. 4to.
Buddie, Johm Treatises on Accidents in Coal Mines,
1814-17 I the Wire-Gauze Safe-Lamp.
Buddo, John. Essay, &c., 1801, '03, Svo.
Biidsc, J. Practical Miner's Guide, 1825, r. Svo.
IJudgc, Joseph. Middlesex Elections, 1802, '04.
Buduoll, Eustace, 1685-1736, a son of Gilbert Bud-
gell, D.b., a native of St. Thomas, near Exeter, was edu-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford. Removing to London, he
was entered of the Miildle Temple, his father having se-
lected the Law as a suitable profession for the display of
the uncommon abilities of his son. But the young man
had acquired a literary taste, which interfered with the
requisite application to his new duties. He lacked suffi-
cient self-denial to indite a Farewell to his Muse, (see
Blackstose, Sin William,) and was far more disposed to
cultivate her acquaintance. He had the good sense to seek
an intimacy with Addison, also, 6rst cousin to Budgell's
mother, and his celebrated relative, who had been ap-
pointed Secretary to the Earl of Wharton, Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, gave him a clerkship in his office. Budgell
had now secured a position which with ordinary prudence
I would have insured him literary distinction and social ad-
vantages seldom accorded to one so young, but he unfortu-
nately possessed a capticuis and quarrelsome disposition,
stimulated by an inordinate vanity, which rendered him
miserable in life, and was the cause, in connection with
an alleged crime, of a disgraceful death hy his own hand.
He drowned himself in the Thames in 1736. His unhappy
temper was continually marring the zealous efforts of Ad-
dison for his advancement. The Duke of Bolton and the
Earl of Sunderland found it impossible to aid one who
was always fighting against himself by abu.se of those who
were disposed to serve him. To add to his troubles, he
lost above £20.000 in 1720 in the famous South Sea scheme.
Before Budgell had attained his majority he contributed
several papers to The Tatlcr. It is not known which these
were. To The Spectator he contributed the f.dlowing
papers, according to the enumeration of Dr. Drake, (dis-
tinguished by " X" in the first seven volumes,) Nos. 67,
77, 116, 150, 161, 175, 197, 217, 277, 283, 301, 307, 31.3,
319, 325, 331, 337, 341, 347, 353, 359, 365, 373, 379, 385,
3S9, 395, 401, 506, 564, 573, 681, 591, 599, 602, 605, 028;
also a letter signed Eustace, in No. 539, to which list Dr.
Bissett adds 570. To The Guardian, Nos. 25, 31.
In 1730 he became a contributor to The Craftsman, the
formidable opponent of Sir Robert Walpole's administra-
tion. See BoLiNGBROKE, Lonn. Towards the close of
1732, he commenced a weekly magazine entitled The Bee,
which extended to 100 numbers, forming 8 vols. Svo.
About this time occurred an event alluded to previously,
which elicited one of the most poignant epigrams of Pope.
Dr. Matthew Tindal was an intimate friend of our author's,
and the latter is supposed to have had something to do
with the publication of Tindal's Christianity as old as the
Creation. The Dr. in his will charged Budgell to give to
the world the second part (d' this infamous piece, and he
also bequeathed to him the sum of £2100. Tindal's ne-
phew disputed the will, and it was set aside, not without
great injury to Budgell's character. The latter some time
before had" attacked Pope in consequence of a piece pub-
lished in the Grub-Street Journal, which he attributed to
the author of the Dunciad. Pope conceived that the op-
portunity for revenge had now arrived, and in the Pro-
BUD
logue to his Satires thus stereotyped the alleged crime of
his opponent:
•' Let liudKell charge low Grub-Street on my quill,
And write whate'er he please — except my will."
Budgell's translatidh from the Greel< of Theophrastus's
Characters, pub. 1713, was so creditable as to elicit the
warm commendation of Addison in the 39th number of
The Lover. In 1732 he pub. Memoirs of the Lives and
Characters of the Family of the Boyles. particularly of
Charles, E.^ri. of Orrery, (q. o.) This work contains
much valuable information concerning Irish affairs. The
humorous Epilogue to Ambrose Philips's Distressed Mo-
ther, which was one of the most popular productions of
the day, and kept possession of public favour for many
years, although attributed to Budgell, is said to have been
written by Addison. In addition to the works enumerated,
he pub. a number of political and other pieces, and some
Poems which are now entirely neglected. Budgell's style
is considered to be a very happy imitation of that of his
friend Addison; and Dr. Jolinson decl.ares that "Addi-
son wrote Budgell's papers, or at least mended them so
much that he made them almost his own" — but this opinion
seems to have no higher authority than the endorsement
of a loose surmise.
" To have entered with perfect accuracy into the conception and
keeping of a character so original as that of Sir l{o;^er deCoverley,
is the still greater merit of Budgell. In this respect he is cer-
tainly superior to Steele; and his description of The Hunt in No.
116, in which the knight makes so delightful and appropriate a
figure, is a picture that we would not exchange for volumes of me-
diocrity. 'The humour and wit of Budgell appear to advantage
in several of his communications; especially in his Observation
on Beards. (Spectator. No. 331;) on Country Wakes, (No. 161:) in
his relation of Will Honeycomb's Amours, (No. 359:) and in his
detail of the elTects of the Month of May on Fem.ale Chastity, (Nos.
366 and 395.) On this last .subject he ha-; copied the graceful com-
Eosition and sly humour of Addisnn witli pnuliai- f'lirity; .and
is admonitions to the fair sex during tliis snft and sedn<-tive sea-
son, combiue such a mixture of pleasing imagery, moral precept,
and ludicrous association, as to render the essays which convey
them some of the most interesting in the Spectator." — Drake's
Ess'iy/s. vol. iii.
Budsrll, Gilbert. Sermon. Lon., 1690, 4to.
Hudseii, John. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1721.
Bmls<'i>? Richard. Passage of the Hurricane, &c.,
Lon., 17:;ii. Sv".
Bmlworth, Joseph. Poems, Ac, 1794, '95, 'O.', Svn.
Biulworth, Will. Sermons, Lon., 1732, '45, '46, 8vo.
Buell, Samuel, D.D., a native of Connecticut. Ser-
mons, &('., 17fil-S7.
Buerdsell, .lames. Discourses A Es.says, 1700, 12mo.
Biilfa, John, M.D. The Army Medical Eo.ard, 1808.
Travels through the Empire of Morocco, Lon., ISIO, Svo.
Bugs^, Francis, a member of the *' Society called
Quakers," changed his views, and wrote a number of
treatises against his old principles. We notice a few :
New Rome arraigned, and out of her own mouth con-
demned; or a Discovery of the Errors of the Foxonian
Quakers, Lon., 1694, 4to. Quakerism Withering, and
Christianity Reviving, 1694, 4to. Qn.akcrs set in their
True Light, 1696, 4to. Tracts against the Qu.akers, 1697,
Svo. The Picture of Quakerism, Lon., 1697, 12mo. The
Pilgrim's Progress from Quakerism to Christianity, Lon.,
1693, 4to. Nine other treatises agtiinst tlie Quakers, 1699-
1717.
Bugg, George. Tract on Regeneration, Lon., 1816,
12mo. .Scriptural Cieology, Lon., 1827, Svo. We have
noticed this work under BucKLANn. AVm., D.I>. See Fair-
holme's Phys. Demons, of the M. Deluge. Lon.,lS38, Svo.
Buggs,"SamueI. Sermons, Lon., 1622, 4to.
Buist, George, D.D., d. 1808, aged 6S, a native of
Scotland, pub. an Abridgment of Hume, 1792; aversion
of the Psalms, 1796; Sermon, 1805; Sermons, 1809, 2
ols. Svo ; and contributed some articles to the Brit. Encyc.
Buist, Robert, h. 1805 in Scotland. Settled in U. S.
1828. Agricultur.al and horticultural writer. Amer.
Flower Garden Directory, Phila., 1851. 12ino. Rose Mann.al,
1847, 12mo. Family Kitchen Gardener, 1851, 12mo. C<m-
trib. Magazine of Horticulture, Florist, Penn. Farm Jour-
nal. *c.
BuKiuch, Stephen Greenleaf, a Unitarian minis-
ter, b. 1809, Boston; grad. Columbia Coll., D.C., 1826;
divinity student, Camlmdge, 1827. 1. Contemplations of
the Saviour, Bost., 1832. 2. Poems, Charleston, S.C., 1834.
3. The Holy Land, 1834. 4. Lays of the Gospel, 1845.
6. Communion Thoughts, 1852. Contributor to the Unita-
rian Hymns.
Bul'finch, Thomas, M.D. Treatise on the Scarlet
anil Vrll.iw Fevers.
Bulkeley, Benjamin, D.D. Sermons, 1722, '31.
BUL
Bulkeley, or Bulkley, Edward, D.D. A Dis-
course, &o. of Faults in the Rhemish version of the New
Testament, Lon., 1588, 4to. Other treatises in favour of
Protestantism, 1602, '06.
Bulkeley, or Bulkley, John, and J. Cummins.
Voyage to the South Seas in 1740-41, Lon., 1743, Svo.
Bulkeley, Richard. Sermons, 1685, 4to.
Bulkley, Charles, 1719-1797, a Dissenting minister,
was a grandson of the excellent Matthew Henry, the bib-
lical commentator. He was first a Presbyteriau, subse-
quently joined the General Baptists, and adopted Unita-
rian views. Notes on the Bible, pub. from the author's
MS. by Joshua Toulmin, D.D.
" These notes are not so much of a philological as of an expla-
natory nature. They are filled with what the author considers
parallel passages in the Greek and Koman classics, in which the
sjime moral precepts and sentiments occur. Sometimes the coin-
cidence appears to be striking; at other times the correspondence
is far from marked." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Fifteen Sermons, 1761, Svo.
"They al>ound in salutary admonitions with regard to our reli-
gious and moral conduct: are written with a true spirit of piety,
in a clear and anim.ated style, without any alfectation or enthu-
siasm."— Lon. Critical Befii'U'.
(Economy of the Gospel, 1764, 4to. Discourses on the
Parables and Miracles of Christ, 1770-71, 4 vols. Svo.
" The author writes as becomes an ingenious and sensible man,
and in an agreeable, instructive, and practical manner." — Lon.
JU'mllittj linncw.
Catechetical Exercises, 1774, 12mo. Other theological
works.
Bulkley, John. Sermon, 1697, 4to.
Bulkley, John, d. 1731, first minister of Colchester,
Connecticut, was a grandson of Rev. Peter Bulkley (v.
pual.) An Election Sermon, 1713. An Inquiry into the
right of the Aboriginal Natives to the lands of America,
1724, (reprinted in Mass. Hist. Coll.) A Tract on Infant
Bajitism, 1729.
Bulkley, Peter, 158.3-1659, first minister of Concord,
Mass.achusetts, a native of Wooilhill, Bedfordshire, was
educated at, and became Fellow of, St. John's College,
Cambridge. Being silenced by Archbishop Laud, he came
to New England in 1635, aud was one of the first settlers
of Concord, Mass.achusetts. The Gospel Covenant Opened,
Lon., 1616, 4to. Some specimens of Mr. Eulkley's Latin
poetry will be found in Dr. Mather's History of New Eng-
land.
Bulkley, Sir Richard. Horticultural contributions
to Phil. Trans., 1693.
Bull. Farewell Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to. i
Bull, Uigby. Sermons, 1695, 1706, 4to.
Bull, George, D.D., 1634-1710, a native of Wells,
Somersetshire, entered Exeter College, Cxford, 1648 ; be-
came minister of St. George's near Bristol; Rector of
Snddington-St.-Mary's, 1658 ; Vicar of Suddington-St.-
Pcter's.' 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678; Bishop
of St. David's, 1705. Bishop Bull, for profound learning,
knowledge of Christian antiquity, and eminent piety, was
one of the most distinguished ornaments of the Church
of England. Harmonia Apostoliea ; seu Binae Disserta-
tiimes, quarum in priore Doctrina D. Jacobi de justifica-
tione ex operibus explanitur et defenditur, in posteriore
consensus D. Pauli cum Jacobo liquido demonstratur, Ac.,
Lon., 1670, fob; reprinted, Basil, 1740, Svo; a trans, hy
Thomas Wilkinson, 1801, Svo; and the Harmonia was
pub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf, 1842, Svo. This
Latin Dissertation was written eight or nine years before
its publication. The author laboured to show
'• That good works, which proceed from laith. and are conjoined
with faith, are a necessary condition required from us by GoA, to
the end tliat by the new and evangelical covenant, obtained by
and sealed in the Blnod of Christ, the Mediator of it, we ni.ay be
justified according to his free and unmerited grace."
Bishop Bull endeavoured to exhibit this doctrine so ns to
"absolutely exclude .all pretensions to merit on the part
of man," but his statements were unsatisfactory to many,
and were opposed liy Dr. Morley, Bishop of Winchester,
Dr. Barlow, Charles Gatakcr, Joseph Truman, Dr. Tully,
John Tombes, Lewis Du Moulin, and M. De Marets. The
author, n. .thing daunted by such a host of adversaries,
pub. his Examen Censura; in 1675, in reply to Mr. Gata-
kcr, and his Apologia pro H.armonia, in response to Dr.
Tully ; repub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf , 1843, Svo.
The reader will find an account of the controversy in Nel-
son's Life of Bull.
Dofcnsio Fidei Nicensn ex Scriptus, qua; extant Catho-
lieorum Doctorum, qui intra prima Ecclesiffi Christianse
Sa>cula flornerunt, Oxon.. 1685. 4to : a new trans, pub. in
Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf, 1851-52, 2 vols. Svo. This
, work, also in Latin, increased the fame of the author both
-sra
BUL
at homo and abroad, whilst it, of course, provoked great
opposition from the Socinians. See Nelson's Life of Bull.
'■ Bull's Defensio is recommciHlcd bv the einulirinn exactness
and conciseness with which it i^i written, .uul liy tli^ neatness aini
elegance of its style. It is, i)ei-li,i|n the L.-st nuik »Li. h .-i person
who seeks to obtain a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the
K. tath.jhc Creed, can peruse." — C'uarles Butler.
•'The doctrinal parts of the Christian religion are summarily
comprehended in the Creeds which our Church has adopted into
Its service. You need (after I'earson) have no better help than
Bishop Bull's L.atin works in defence of the Nicene Faith."— Ma.
Prebendary Kivovvleb.
'• After Dr. Cudworth came Dr. Bull, author of the Defence of
the Nicene I'aith, a book th.it has rendered the writer of it very
famous, not in England only or chiefly, but beyond the water,
'lis composed in a style most truly Latin, with much vivacity of
expression, with great vigour and s*btilty of thought: in short,
'tis worthy of the noble argument of which he treats. This au-
thor, having studied the Fathers with an application, diligence,
and observation almost peculiar to him, perceived that the schools
have departed from that notion of the Trinity believed and pro-
fessed by some of the princijtal Fathers." — Tlip 'Umiaruin author f>f
Tilt Judgment nf a disinleirsted llrson, dx., Lon.. IBOli, 4(o.
The following testimony from the celehrated Bossuet
deserves to be quoted. In his answer to M. Jurieu, he re-
marks that, if the learned treatises of Father Tlionnassin
and the preface of Father Pctau are neglected by the op-
ponent of the eternal generation of the Son, — then
"I send him to Bull, that learned English Protestant, in the
treatise where he hath so well defended the Fathers who lived bt^
fore the Council of Nice. You mu'^t either renounce the Faith of
the Holy Trinity, which God forbid, or presuppose with me thxit
this author hath reason."
"We give some other quotations :
*' The best books against the .\rians. besides Bishop Pearson on
the Creed, are Bishop Bull's works." — Dr. Wotton.
Bishop Hor.sley commends the accuracy of Dr. Bull's
citations from the Fathers of the first three centuries,
"confirming the Church of England Faith, and refuting
the Unitarian."
'■ On the subject of a sinner's justification before God. the views
of this distinguished prelate were very incorrect, and have done
immense harm ; but as an advocate of the Catholic doctrine of the
Trinity, declared in the Nicene Creed, he h.as few ei|u.'ils. He w-as
a man of immense learning, the whole of which he hns biniirbt
to bear on this important subject. His Life, by holint NeKnii.
Esq., is one of the finest pieces of theological biography in the
English language." — Dr. E. Williams.
In both of the above opinions Mr. Bickerstcth concurs.
Judiciam Eeclesise Catholica; trium priorura Seculorum
de necessitate credcndi quod Domiuns noster Jesus Chris-
tus sit verus Deus, assertum contra M. Simmieum Episco-
pium aliosque, 1G94. In English, with Life, bv Rev. T.
Rankin, York, 1825. Svo. This work f which is a defence of
the Anathema, as the former was of tlie Faith, declared by
the First Council nf Nice) was sent by Mr. Nelson to the
famous Bishop of Meaux, Bossuet, whose commeudation
of the preceding w.irk we have already cited. This cele-
brated prelate transmitted
^ " Not only his humble thanks, but the unfeigned congratula-
tions also of the whole -lergy of France, then assembled at St.
Germain's, for the great scr \ i.e b.- h id done to the Catholic Church
in so well defending her determination concerning the necessity
of believing the Divinity of the .Son of God."
But the Roman Catholic prelate could not but express
his surprise th.at
" So great a man. so weighty and solid an author, conld continue
a moment without acknowledging the Church."
He begged to have this question resolved, and Dr. Bull,
nothing backward in defending the apostolicity of the
Churcli of England, drew up a treatise upon the suliject,
which did not reach Mr. Nelson's hands until just as ho
received news of Bossuet's death. The treatise was, how-
ever, published, Lon., 1705-07. Svo, under the title of The
Corruptions of the Church of Rome, in relation to Eccle-
siastical Government, the Rule of Faith, and Form of Di-
vine Worship : in answer to the Bishop of Moan.t's Queries.
In 170.'! Dr. John Ernest Grahe superintended an edi-
tion of his Latin works, (the author's .age .and infirmities
disabling him from the effort.) pub. in 1 vol. folio. Ro-
bert Nelson, .author of The Fasts and Festiv.als of the
Church of England, a former pupil of Bp. Bull, pub. in
1713, 4 vols. Svo, Seven Sermons and other Di.scourses,
with an account of his Life ; new edit., Oxf., 1S16, 3 vols.
18mo; again, O.vf., ISiO, Svo.
" This Bishop's sermons are compositions of the highest order; —
learned, f ircible, and perspicuous, they always excite attention
and reward it; they teach us that the practice of Christian duties
can only be founded on the feithful acknowledgment of Chris-
tian doctrine."
A Companion for the Candidates of Holy Orders, or the
Great Importance and Principal Duties of the Priestly
Office, 1714, 12mo. Recommended by Bishop Burgess to
candidates for Holy Orders. It is reprinted in the Cler-
gyman's Instructor. 'Vindication of the Church of Enir-
9_^l °
BUL
land, 1719, Svo. 'Works concerning the Trinity, 1730,
2 vols. Svo. Apology for the Harmony. Primitive Apos-
tolical Tradition, Ac., against Daniel Zwicker, a Pnissian.
Two sermons concerning the State of the Scml on its im-
mediate separation from the Body, 3cc., with a jireface by
Leonard Chappelow, B.D., 1764, Svo. The Rev. Edward
Burton pub. a revised edition of the Bishop's works, 7 vols,
in S, Svo, Clarendon Press, Oxf., 1827; again in 1816; in
which will be found the Life of Nelson, with additions by
Mr. Burton.
" His works are esteemed by the learned as one of the main p.l-
lars of orthodoxy." — Bishop Watso.v.
Perhaps wo cannot better conclude our notice of this
celebrated divine than by a commendation which may be
useful as a hint in some quarters. Dr. Lupton gives the
following character of Bishop Bull's sermons :
" He abhorred affectation of wit. trains of fulsome metaphors,
and nice words wrought up into tuneful, pointed sentences, with-
out any meaning at the bottom of them. He looked upon sermons
consisting of these ingredients— which should be our aversion,
and not our aim— as empty, and frothy, and trilling; as inconsist-
ent vyith the dignity of serious and sacred subjects, and as an in-
dication of a weak judgment." — Leflgr to Rotiert KeUrn in Biog. Brit.
Bull, G. S. Appeal on behalf of the Factory Chil-
dren. Bradf , 1832, 12mo. Sermon to Coal Miners, Bradf.,
1S31, Svo.
Bull, Henry. Christian Prayers and Holy Medita-
tions as well for Private as Puhlick Exercises ; collected
by H. Bull, Svo, 1506; reprinted for The Parker Society.
Camb., 1842, sm. Svo.
Bull, Henry, Extracts from Sermons, Saffron Wal-
den, 1S40. 12mo.
Bull, J. Theolog. and other works, 1S05, '13, '14, Svo.
Bull, John, b. about 1563, d. about 1622, an eminent
musician, and professor in that art in Gresham College,
was a native of Somersetshire. The Oration of Maister
John Bull, Oct. 6th, 1597, in the new-erected Colledge of
Sir Thomas Gresham. Knt. Bull's compositions were pub.
in sundry collections of music. See Burney's Music, iii.
166-14; Ward's Gresham Professors; Athen. Oxon.; and
The H:irmonicon.
Bull, Joseph. The Unity of God, 1809, Svo.
Bull, Michael. Love of Country, Sermon, 1715, Svo.
Bull, Nicholas. Sermons. 1805, '20, Svo.
Bull, Kohert. Sermons, 1714, '15, '23, Svo.
Bull, Itoger. Under this name was pub. Grobianus,
or the Ccnnplcat Booby, an Ironiciil Poem, translated from
the Original Latin of F. Dedckiiidus. by R. B., 1739, Svo.
"A very singular and humorous work, written to inculcate good
m.anners. which probably presented to Swift the idea of his Direc-
tions to Servants."
Bull, Thomas, M.D. Hints to Mothers for the Ma-
nagement of their Health, Lon., Svo ; 7th cd., 1851.
'■ There is no mother that will not be heartily thankful that this
book ever fell iuto her hands, and no husband who should not
present it to his wife. We cannot urge its value too strongly on
all whom it concerns." — Lm. Eclectic Jievieic.
" We recommend it to our readers ; and they will confer a bene-
fit on their new-married patients by recommending it to them "
Brit, and For. Med. Jferiew.
The Maternal Management of Children, in Health and
Disease, Svo; 3d ed., 1S48.
"These little manuals will prove useful exactly in proportion
to the extent of their circulation. The best thanks of the profes-
sion, as well as of all intelligent mothers, are due to Dr. Bull for
these excellent little works.'" — Lon. Medical Gazeiii.
Bull, W. and J. P. Church at Newport, ISll.
Bullar, Henry, of Lincoln's Inn, and Joseph Bul-
lar, M.D. A Winter in the Azores, and a Summer at the
Baths of the Furnas in St. Michael's. Lon., 1841, 2 vols. Svo.
"If amusement is desirable which slmli excite the mind with-
out le;iving a sensation of unprofitableness behind it, we scarc(.|v
know how it could be presented in a more agree.il?le form than
these lively volumes, which, for this pui-pose, we cordially recom-
mend."— l/m. Cliiirchmun's Mtmthly Jfevieui.
" Of all the Tours and Tr.avels we have ever read, we are disposed
to think it the most agreeable and origin.al." — L'in. Krainiver.
Bullar, John.
1S07. Svo.
Bullar, John. Lay Lectures on Chri.stinn Faith and
Practice, South., 1844, '46. Questions on the Holy Scrip-
tures, new ed., 1846. ISmo.
" The author has evidently taken gre.at pains to render his work
complete and servicealile.'' — Lon. Eclectic lieviciu.
Other works.
Bullard.
ism of Drills.
BnllartI, Henry A., .and J. Curry. New Digest of
the Statute Laws of the State of Louisiana, from the change
of Government to the year 1841, inclusive, vol. i. Svo, New
Orleans. 1842.
Bullein, William. See Bulleyn.
Tour round Southampton, South.,
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698; on the Magnet-
BUL
BITL
Bulletin George, an assistant librarian of the British
Museum. Catalogue of the Library of the British and
Foreign Bible Society, Lon., 1857, 8vo.
"An accurate and well-compiled catalogue. The anthor, Mr.
BullPD. has brought all his own Bibliogniphical ItnowltMlge, as
one of the Hbrarians of the British Museum, to bear upon his
work. The Bible Society's library consists of nhout five thousand
Volumes, priuted and manuscript, of which by far the greater part
are presents. In cataloguing the Scriptures, the plan adnpted in
thr Uritish Museum hag been followed ; and copious cross-references
have bei'ii given from the names of all editors, translators, anno-
tators, &c. upon tlie Bible to the particular edition in which their
labours appear. These cross-references, &c. greatly enhance the
value of tliis catalogue." — T. H. IIorne, D,D., in a Utter to the
author of this Duiionary, Aug. 31, 1S58.
BuUeu, 11. St. John. 1. Grammar. 2. Geography^
17117. 'ii',L
Buller, Rt. Hon. Charles, b. ISOfi, at Calcutta,
d. in Luiidou, 1818. Responsible Government for Co-
lonics, 12nio: originally pub. in Colonial Gaz. Contrib.
freiiuuutly to Morning Chronicle, Globe, Edinburgh Re-
view, and Westminster Record.
Buller, Sir Francis, 1745-1800, a Judge of the
Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas, was a grand-
son of Allen, Earl Bathurst. Ho was distinguished for
profound knowledge of the Law. An Introduction to the
Law relative to Trials at Nisi Prius, with copious Annota-
tions, 7th edit., Lon.. 1817, r. 8vo; former edits., 1767, '72.
'75, '80, '90, '93 ; pub. in New York, with Notes of American
Cases, 1806. The germ of this work was written, it is sup-
p{)sed, by Mr. Bathurst, afterwards Lord Apsley, and was
entitled Institutes of the Law relative to Nisi Prius, 17611,
8\'o. Sir Francis Buller enlarged the work, and pub. it as
above.
•' Notwithstanding its defects, from the judicial station of the
learned author whose name it bears, it has been re'jarded as a
work of considerable authority. Its place has been supplied In-
later works, but it is still useful because it contains snnie author-
ities not elsewhere to be met with." — Marviti's Legal Bibl.
ISuUcr, W. Chronological, Biographical, Historical,
and Miscellaneous Exercises for Young Ladies.
BuUey, Frederick, President of St. Mary Magd.
College, Oxford. A Tabular View of the Variations in the
Communion and Baptismal Offices of the Church of Eng-
land from 15-19 to 1662 ; to which are added those in the
Scotch Praver-Book of 1637 ; with au Appendix illustra-
tive of the Variations, Oxf, 1812. 8vo.
Bullcyn, or BuUein, William, b. about 1500, in
the Isle of Ely, d. 1576, a learned physician and botanist,
was educated at Cambridge and Oxford. The Government
of Health, Lon., 155S, '59, 8vo. A very popular work in
its day. Regimen against the Pleurisie, 1562, 16mo. Bul-
warke of Defoee againste all sikness, sornes, and wonndcs,
that dooe daily assaulte mankinde, &q., 1562, '72, fol. A
Dialogue, bothe pleasaunte and pietifull ; wherein is shewed
a goodlie Regimento against the Fever of Pestilence, with
a Consnlation and Comfort against Death, 1564, '69,73, '78,
8vo. Several small profess, treatises are also ascribed to our
author.
BiiUinstbroke, Edward, and Jonah Bilcher,
An Aln-idgt. of the Statutes of Ireland, ^c, Duld., 1754,
2 vols. 4to ; continued by Francis Vesey. Duty and Au-
thority of the Justices of Peace and Parish Officers for
Ireland. Dubl., 1766, 4to.
" A useful work in its day, and framed very much upon the mo-
del f'T the celebrated work of his brother civilian, Burn, in Eng-
land " — Pi'[f. (n Sm!/the''s Justice.
Other legal treatises.
BuUins^ham, John. Trans, of Job. Vena?ns's Ora-
tion in defence i>f the Sacrament of the AuUaire, 1554, 8vo.
Bullions, Peter, b. 1791 at Perthshire, Seotlnnd,
Prof. tJreck an'l Latin in the Albany Academy. Principles
of Latin Grammar. Latin Reader. Caesar's Commenta-
ries. Cicero's Orations. Sallust. Greek Lessons for Be-
ginners. Principles of Greek Grammar. Greek Reader.
Latin Exercises. Lessons in English Grammar and Com-
position. Principles of English Grammar. Progressive
Exercises in Analysis and Parsing. Introduction to Ana-
lytical Grammar. New, or Analytical and Practical Eng-
lish Grnmmar.
Bullivant, Benjamin. Observations on Natural
History, m.i'lf in New England; Phil. Trans., 1698.
Bullivant, Oaniel, Surgeon. Case of Violent Spasms
■wbich succeeded the Amputation of an Arm, «fec.
Bullman. See Biti-man.
Bullocar. Sec BtiLLOKAn.
BuUock, Henry, FcUcjw of Queen's College, Cam-
bridge, 1507; I). D., 1520; Vice-Chancellor, 1524. '25. He
Was a correspondent of Erasmus, (who calls him Bovillns.)
and so "ripe a scholar" that Cardinal Wolsey, whose chap-
Iain he was, selected him as a fit antagonist for Luther.
In 1513, in conjunction with Wnlden, he read a mathemati-
cal lecture, and had a salary from the University for it.
Ho was one of the twelve preachers sent out by the Uni-
versity in 1515. Tanner fixes the date of his death in
1526, but Dodd says that he was living in 1530. 1. De
Captivitato Baltylonica contra Lutherum. 2. Epistolae et
Orationes. 3. De Serpentibus siticulosis : trans, from the
Greek of Lucian, Camb., 1521, 4to. 4, Gratis tniani Andiie-
piscopo Eboracensi, Camb., 1521, 4to. See his ^ration in
favour of Wolsey in Fiddes's Life of the Cardinal.
Bullock, II. A. History of the Isle of Man, lSl6.Svo.
Bullock, J. Lloyd, Editor of Fresenius and Will's
New Method of Alkalimetry, Lon., 1S43, 12mo.
'■This little work will prove of the hij^hest importance to calico
printers, bleuchers. dyers, mauufacturers of soap, paper, and prus-
siate of potash ; also to chemists, aud to dealers in alkalies, acids, ic.
To Mr. B. we arc also indebted {in addition to this Lect.
on Pharmacy, 1844,) for an edition of Fresenius's Elemen-
tary Instruction in Chemical Analysis, as practised in the
Laboratory of Giessen. Qualitative, 8vo. Quantitative, Svo.
'■ I can contidently recommend this work, from my own personal
experience. t"a!I wliii;uf disirous nf obtaining instruction in ana-
lysis, for its simpliiity :tnd usrfulnrss. and the fecility with which
it may be cuuiprehendLd."— Bauon Iaeuig.
Bullock, Jeflrey. One Blow more against Anti-
Christ iMinisters, the downfall of whose Ministry hastens,
Lon., I 67'^, 4to.
Bullock, R, Geography Epitomized, 1810, 4to.
Bullock, Richard. Sermons, Lon., 1754, 'S9, 4to.
Bullock, Thomas, Sermons. Lon.. 1723-28.
Bullock, William. Virginia impartially E.xamined,
and ielt to Public View, Lon., lfU9. 4to. Dedicated to the
Earl nf Arundell and to Lord Baltimore.
Bullock,\Villiam. An Earthquake. Phil. Trans.,1755.
Bullock, William. A short and easy Method of
preserving Subjects of Natural History, ISIS.
Bullokar, John. Eng. Exposition of Hard "Words,
101 n, sv<..
Bullokar, William. B(tok at large for the amend-
ment of Orthographia for English speech, Lon., 1580, 4to.
Mr. Bullokar believed that his proposed reform would not
only improve his own tongue, but also effect "an entrance
into the secretes of other languages."
This production Lowndes ascribes to John Bullokar, but
Watt attributes it to William; and we judge the latter to
be correct, as the author promises a " Grammar to be im-
printed hereafter ;" aud Bullokar's Bref Grammar for Eng-
lish, pub. six years afterwards, (1580, lOmo.) is ascribed
by both Lowndes and Watt to William Bullokar. yEiiop's
Fables in Tru (Jrthutrraphy, with Grammar Notz, 1585, Svo.
Bulman, E, lutroduc. to Hebrew. 1795, Svo.
Bulmau, John. Sermons, 1SU3, "05, 4to.
Bulmar, Capt. John. Arts and Mysteries for a Sol-
dier. Manner, .t--.. :iiid other works, 1641, *43, '49, fob
Bulmer, Agnes. Messiah's Kingdom ; a Poem, Lon.,
p. Svo. Scri[)ture Histories, 3 vols. ISmo. Select Letters,
with Notes by Btiiiting, 12mo. Mem. by Anne E,. CoUinsoa.
Bulmer, Beter. Sermons, 1803, "05, Svo.
Bulwtrode, Edward, 158S-1659, a native of Buck-
inghamshire, was entered of St. John's C'dlege, Oxford, in
1603, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He was a
favourite of Cromwell's, and in 1649 made one of the Jus-
tices of North Wales. A Golden Chain, or Miscellany of
divers Sentences of the Sacred vSeriptnres, &c., Lon., 1657,
Svo. Reports in King's Bench, in the Reigns of Kings
James I. and Charles I., in 3 parts ; 2d edit., corrected, Ac,
Lon., 1GS8, fol. ; 1st edit., 1657, '58, '59, fol. There is an
irregularity in the paging of both editions, but they are
perfect. Bulstrode took his reports in French, and trans,
them into English. He is said to have adopted the excel-
lent method of Plowdeu. They were pub. by his son.
Ouly a portion of his MS. was pub. :
" The fittest and choicest cases out of these reports which I have
with no small care, labour, and pains collected to;;ether."
" I have perused divers cases in these reports, aud I think they
are fit to be pul)lished.'"— Matthew Hale.
Bulstrode, Sir Richard, eldest son of the above, is
said to have died at the advanced age of 101 years. Let-
ters to the Earl of Arlington, Lon., 1712, Svo. Essays on
Manners and Morals. 17i5, Svo. Memoirs. &c. relative to
Charles I. and Charles II., 1721. Svo. 185 Elegies and
Epigrams on religious subjects, compo.sed at the age of
eighty.
" A man of talents and considerable learning, and in his political
course able and consistent.''
Bulstrode, Whitelocke, d. 1724, aged 74, Protho-
notary of the Mar^^hal's Court, son of the preceding. An
Essay on Transmigration, Lon., 1692, Svo; in Latin, by
281
BUL
Oswald Dyke, 1726, 8vo. Essays Eeplcsiastieal niitl Civil,
1706, Svo. Letters between him ami Dr. Wooil, 1717. 8vo.
Compendium of the Crown Laws, 1723, Svo. Three Charges
to Grand and other Juries, 171S, Svo.
Bultecl, or Bulteal, Johu. Translations of Amo-
rous Oruntus; aComedy, Lon., 1665, 4to. Courtof Rotne,
1668, Svo. Psalms and Songs, 1674, Svo. Abridged Chro-
nology of France, 16S3. fol.
Biilwer, Sir Edward liytton. See Lytto.v.
BulwcT, Lady. See Lady Lytton.
Biilwer, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Earle,
G.C.B., M.l'., Privy CounoiUor. Diplomatist, and Author, b.
1804, is an elder brother of Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer Lyt-
ton. Sir Henry has filled several highly responsible diplo-
matic positions, with great credit to himself and honour to
his counti-y. An an author, also, he has gained consider-
able reput.ition. An Autumn in Greece, 1824, p. Svo.
France, Social, Literary, and Political, 2 vols. p. Svo. The
Monarchy of the Middle Classes, 2 vols. p. Svo. 1834-36.
Sir Henry wrote a Life of Lord Byron, prefixed to a Paris
edition of his lordship's works. ^
Bulwer, Johu, an author of the 17th century, wrote
several books on Dactylology, Dress, &c. Chirologia, or
the Natural Language of the Hand ; as also Chironomia,
or the Art of Manual Ehetorick, Lon., 1644, Svo. Philo-
cophics, 164S, Svo. Pathomyotomia, 1649, Svo. Anthro-
po-metamorphosis, Man-transformed ; or the Changeling,
shewing the various ways how divers People alter the
Natural Shape of some part of their Bodies. Lon., 1653,
4to. Of this curious and extravagant work an aceountwiU
be found in Oldys's Brit. Librarian, 367-72, and in the Lon.
Retrospective Review, N. S., ii. 205-17. It appears that
the author wrote several other works which he did not see
fit to publish.
" From Bulwer's extravajjance some illustration is thrown upon
one portion of the history of human knonk-dse. Ik- lived in an
age of great Icainin.- and nl Hill,; jud-'in.iit ; at a time when there
wlis a voracious appi-lit.- f"r iiilOiin.ilii'ii.aiid when fact .and fiction
were indisiTiinioali-lv cmi,..! anil d.-vnurTd by all who sought for
the repulalioii of l.virnin:;.' — inn. li'flrosp. Ji'tivVi".
Bumi)fiold,W. R. Tropical Dysentery,Lon.,lSlS,8vo.
Bumstead, Josiah F., b. 1797 at Boston. Popular
Series of Readers.
Bunbury. The Church Catechism, Lon.. 1727, 12mo.
Bunbury, C. J. F. A Residence at the Cape of Good
Hojici with Notes on the Natural History and Native
Trilics, Lon., 1S4S, Svo.
" The statesman who may be called upon to discuss or decide upon
the public- alTairs of the Cape, the emigrant who may contemiilate
removioL' his tares thither, the curious inquirer who would know
the rights of what has given rise to so much controyersy, will find
Mr. Hunbuiy an intclU^^ent and candid fruide." — Lnv. Examiner.
Bunbury, Henry. Academy for Grown Horsemen,
Ac, by Geoffrey Gambado. Esq.. Riding Master: with 17
engravings of equestrian performances, 17S7, '01, fol. A
humorous work which still attracts attention.
Bunbury, Sir Henry. Narratives of the W.ars with
France, 17',iy-lSlll, Lon., Svo. Edited ."^ir Thomas Han-
mer's Life and Correspondence, Lon.. 1S3S, Svo. In this
valuable work will be found letters from Burke. Prior,
Goldsmith, Pope, Garrick, Dr. Young, Lord Nelson,
Craldjc, &c.
"There is indeed much curious literary and political m.atter in
these pa-ri'S." — Lim. Likraiii Ga-eUe.
Bunbury, Miss. A Visit to My Birth Place. Thoughts
in Suffering. Fear Not.
" Christians, while here, are much exposed to. and frequently
assailed by. formidable spiritual foes, and are apt to give place to
doubts and fear,s. This little volume is prepared to inspire them
with confidence, and to dissipate their fears, and is well adapted
to answer the end designed." — New Meihod. Comit'dion Mug.
Bunbury, Miss Selina. Coombe Abbey; a Tale,
1843. Svo. Evelyn; a Novel, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo. Even-
ings in the Pyrenees, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. Rides in the
Pyrenees, 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. Star of the Court; or the
Maid of Honour and Queen of England, Anne Boleyn,
1845, p. Svo.
" To point a moral against female ambition, vanity, and light-
ness. The commentary is elegant, and the remarks are just." —
Lon. Sprrtatnr.
" A more appropriate present could not he chosen."^B?oc7.iuoo(;'s
Ladi/'s M'lq.
'• This is a charming little volume, containing all the fascination
of a Komance, with the sober lessons of History."— a«>; Asseinldee.
Life in Sweden, with Excursions in Norway and Den-
mark, Lon., 2 vols.
•■ Two deliL'htful. well-informed volumes, by a lady of much
acuteness, lively imagination, and shrewd observance. The work
can be safely recommended to the reader aa the freshest, and most
certainly the truthfuUest, publication upon the North that has of
late years been given to the world." — Lon. Observer.
Russia after tho War, 1S57, 2 vols. p. Svo. Other works.
282
BUN
' Bnnbury, William. Reports of Cases in the Ex-
' chequer, Ironi thf Beginning of the Reign of Geo. I. to
14 Geo. II., pub. from his own MSS. ; by G. Wilson, Lon.,
1755, fol.; 2d edit., Dubl., 1793, Svo.
■■ Mr. Bunbury never meant that these cases should have been
published."— LoKii Mansfield.
But the editor was Mr. B.'s son-in-law ; and it is to ba
presumed that he was correctly informed upon the subject.
Bunee, John. St. Chrysostom Of the Priesthood; in
6 books : trans, from the Greek, 1759, p. Svo.
Buncle, John. See Amory, Thomas.
Buncombe, Samuel. Sermon, 1767, Svo.
Bundy, John. The Roman History from the French
of Catron and Riiuillc, Lon., 1728, 6 vols. fol.
Bnndy, Richard, D.D., d. about 1739, Prebendary
of Westminster. A|qiaratus Bildicus, or an Introduction
to the Holy Scriptures, from the French of Pcre Lamy,
Lon., 1723. 4to. Commended by Bishops Watson and
Marsh. The English trans, contains some additional
matter, principally taken from Lamy's Do Tabernaculo
Fccderis. Sermons, 1740, 2 vols. Svo. Sixteen Sermons,
1750, Svo. ^ . ,,
" Easiness of stvle and clearness of method characterize the
sermons of this author; he was a pleasing and instructive
preacher." — Darling'^ Ci/c. Bihl.
Bunn, Alfred. Poems. 1816, Svo. The Stage, both
before and behind the Curtain, from " Observations taken
on the Spot," Lon., 1S40, 3 vols. c. Svo.
'■I'uU of curious and interesting details respecting modem
actors and the present state of tlie drama."
Old England and New England, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Bunney, or Bunny, Edmund, 1540-1617, educated
at Oxford, became proliationer Fellow of Magdalen Col-
lege, and was appointed Chaplain to Archbishop Grindall.
The whole Summe of Christi.an Religion. Lon., 1676, Svo.
Abridgt. of Calvin's Institutions, 1580, Svo. Certain
Prayers, &c., for the 17th Novemlier, 1586, 4to.
'■ This work, as I take it. gave birth to the Accession foi-m." —
He wrote some controversial pamphlets against Parsons
the Jesuit, and pub. some other theolog. treatises.
Bunney, or Bunny, Edward. Treatise on Pacifi-
cation. Lon., 1591.
Bunney, or Bunny, Francis, L543-1617, brother
of Edmund, was chosen perpetual Fellow of Magdalen
College, Oxford, 1562; Archdeacon of Northumberland,
1573.° He wrote four Tracts against Poi)ery, 1505, 1607.
ASurvey of the Pope's Supremacy, 1595, 4to. Exposition
of Romans iii. 28, 1616, 4to. Guide to Godliness, 1617,
Svo. He left a Commentary on Joel, in MS.
*• This person was very zealous in the way he professed, was a
great admirer of Jo. Calvin, a constant preacher, charitable, and a
stiff enemy to Popeiy." — Aihat. Oxrm.
Bunninsr, Charles. Peace in our Power. 1798, Svo.
Bunow, Rev. E. J. Elements of Conchology, 1815.
Bunting, Edward. A General Collection of the
Ancient Music of Ireland, consisting of upwards of 165
Airs, Lon., 1840. 4to. The importance of this work to a
proper understanding of ancient Irish musical science,
need not be enlarged upon.
Bunting, Henry. Itinerarinm totius Sacraj Scrip-
tura;; or the Travels of the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets,
Judges, Kings, our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, Ac,
Lon.. 1629. 4to. There have been several foreign editions
of this work. Chronologia Servestoe, 1590. Itinerarinm
et Chronicon totius S. Scripturie, Magdeb., 1598. fob Di-
visio et Distriliutio Terra; Canaan, Ac, Magdeb., 1597.
Chronologia Catholica. Magdeb., 1606, fob; trans, into
German, Magdeb., 1008. fol. ^
Bunting, Jabez, D.D., 1778-1858. the "Hercules
of moilorn Methodism," was a native of Manchester, Eng-
land. A Great Work Described and Recommended ; in a
Sermon, 1805, Svo. Justification by Faith; a Sermon,
1812, Svo; 7th edit, Lon., 1847, Svo. Memorials of the
late Rev. Richard Watson, including a Funeral Sermon
on John viii. 51, Lou., 1833, Svo.
Bnnworth. Richard. Med. Works. Ac, 1666, 62.
Bunyan. llunii>hrcy. Epithalamium on a recent
Marriage, IS] 2.
Bnnyan, John, 1628-1688, is one of the most remark-
able instances of tho acquisition of great fame where no-
thing was designed but the simple discharge of duty. He
was the son of a tinker residing at Elstow in Bedfordshire:
'■ Foi- my descent then, it was, as is well known by many, of a
low and incnn^idci-able generation, my father's house being of that
rank thai is meaoesi and most despised of all the families of the
\and:'~Aut"hJnfjn'phij.
By his father's care, who taught him his own trade, ho
was'placed at school, where he obtained the first rudiments
of an English education :
BUN
« ThouKh to my shame. I confess, I did soon lose that I had
learned. »nen almost utterly, and that long before the Lord did
work bis [;raci()us work of conversion upon my soul."
His youth gave little promise of the exemplary piety
for which he was afterwards noted. Some of his modern
biographers have taken strange liberties with the facts of
the case, by seeking to represent his character at thia
period as much better than it really was. If we can be-
lieve his own words, he led a very dissolute life, and seems
anxious to acknowledge his transgresi^ions, that he might
magnify tlje mercy which snatched him from the "hnrri-
ble pit and the miry clay." Such instances of " Grace
Abounding" are of great value, and should teach ns never
to du.«p:iir of. nor cease to labour for, the reformation and
conversion uf the most vicious. He tells us, with his own
simple pathos, the manner in which his conscience re-
ceived an impression which led to the happiest results for
his future character:
"As I was standing at a neighbour's shop-window, and there
cursiui^ and swearing after my wonted manner, there sat within
the woman of the house, who heard me: and though she was a
very loose and ungodly wretch, yet protested that 1 swore and
cursed at that most fearful ratj?, that she was made to tremble to
bear me. ... At this reproof, I was silenced, and put to secret
shame, and that, too, as I thou;.;ht, before the God of Ueaven;
wheref-^re. while I stood there. hangini:i down my head. I wished
that I mi^'ht be a little child again, that my father might learn me
to speak without this wicked way of swearing."
What an encouragement is this to reprove profanity,
and, indeed, to proffer good advice even to those who seem
the most unlikely to be edified! "Blessed are they that
sow beside all waters." " Thou kuowest not which shiiU
prosper, this or that."
At the early age of nineteen, he married a wife "whose
father and mother were counted godly." This connex-
ion was of great advantage to him: his immor;il habits
were laid aside, and he was so much pleased with this
improvement, that he tells us, "I thought no man in
England could please God better than I." He was fa-
voured with more correct views both of his own depra-
vity, and of the justifying grace which is in Ciirist Jesus;
and in the year 1053 he was considered qualified for ad-
mission into a Baptist congregation at Bedford. Two
years later, on the death of the pastor, he was urged to
preach to tlic congregation, at least fur a season. He was
eagerly heard both in Bedford and in the adjoining parts
of the country. After preaching for some five years, Juttice
Wingate, who declared he would break the neck of such
meetings, issued an indictment against him, which ran in
these words :
"John Bunyan bath devilishly and perniciously abstained from
coming to church to hear divine service, and is a common upholder
of several unlawful meetings and conventicles, to the disturbance
and distraction of the good subjects of this kingdom; contrary to
the laws of our sovereign lord and king."'
He was cast into Bedford jail, where were about sixty
Dissenters, and
" Here with only two books,— the Bible and Fox's Book of Mar-
tyrs,—he employed his time fcr twelve years and a half, in preach-
ing to, and pinying with, his fellow- prisoners, in writing si^veral
of his works, and in making tagged laces for the support of him-
self and family." — Da. Baklow.
Bishop Lincoln — to his praise, be it recorded — procured
his enlargement in 1672. He visited his religious brethren
in various parts of England, exhorting them to good works
and holiness of life; by these visitations, he acquired the
name of Bishop Bunyan. When James II. issued his
proclamation for liberty of conscience to Dissenters, Bunyan
built a meeting-house at Bedford. He annually visited
his Baptist brethren in London, where such was his popu-
larity that the meeting-house was too strait for his hearers.
During one of these journeys, he was overtaken by a
violent storm of rain, from which he contracted a cold,
which ended fatally, at his lodgings in Snow-hill, August
31st, 16SS.
Bunyan wrote many works ; it is said as many as he was
years of age, (fiO,) l)ut is chiefly known by that wonderful
production, " Pilgrim's Progress," the fruit of his imprison-
ment, and, we had almost said, valuable enough to recon-
cile us to the wickedness of that persecuting spirit that
thus unwittingly educed good from evil. But, no ; we abhor
the crime, while we rejoice that it was overruled to such
happy results. In accordance with what we esteem one
of the most valuable features of our work, we shall pro-
ceed to give the opinions of various eminent authorities
upon the merits of the best-known uninspired allegory
which has been composed by the wit of man.
" It is not known." sitys I)r. ^iouthey, (who has written the life
of Bunyan.t "in what year 'The I'ilgdm's Progress' was first
published: no copy of the first editi'in having as yet been dis-
covered. The second is in the British Museum: it is with addi-
tions, and its date is 167S. But as the work is known to have
BUN
been written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which terminated
in 1672. it was probably published before his release, or, at latest,
immediately after it."
It had reached the tenth edition in 16S5 ! Bunyan, in
the preface to the second part, published in 1684, com-
plains that
" Some have of late, to counterfeit
My Pilgrim, to their own my title set: " "
Yea. others, half my name and title too.
Have stitched to their books, to make them do."
If not very poetical, this is sufBciently significant*
The third part, denied to be Bunyan's, appeared in lOOS-
It has been suggested that the hint of the Pilgrim's Pro-
gress was taken from an allegory written by the Rev.
Richard Bernard, — The Isle of Man ; or Legal Proceed-
ings in Manshire against Sin, Lon., 1627 : this work seems
to have been as popular as Bunyan's, having also reached
the tenth edition in eight years,- — It)u5. Bunyan's Pil-
grim has been translated into almost every modern Euro-
pean tongue, and is perhaps the most popular religious
work ever written.
" If this work is not a ' well of English undefiled,' it is a clear
stream of current English, the vernacular speech of his age ; some-
times, indeed, in its rusticity and coarseness, but always in its
plainness and its strength. To this natural style. Bunyan is in
some degree beholden for his general popularity; his language is
everywhere level to the most ignorant reader, and to the meanest
capacity : there is a homely reality about it ; a nursery tale is not
more intelligil'le in its manner of uarration to a child. Another
cause of liis pnpnlaiity is. that he taxes the imagination as little
as the understanding. The vividness of his own imagination is
such, that be saw the things of which he was writing as distinctly
with his mind's eye as if they were indeed passing befnr.' liini in
a dream. And the reader, perhaps, sees them more sati^l■;^(■torily
to himself bt-i-aus.- the outline only of the picture is preseiittd to
him. and tbi- aiitbrr having made no attempt to fill up the details,
everv readi-r supple -^ theni according to the measure and scope of
his own intellectual and imaginative powers."" — Sovthey.
Mr. Ivimey, another biographer of Bunyan's, thus
speaks of the basis of this allegory :
"The plan of this work is admirable, being drawn from the cir-
cumstances of his own life, as a stranger and pilgrim, who had
left, the 'City of Destruction' upon a journey towards the ' Celestial
Country.' The diflBculties he met with in his determination to
serve .Tesus Clnist, suggested the many circumstances of danger
through which this pilgrim passed. The versatile conduct of
.some professors of religion, suggested the different iharacters which
Chiistian met with in his way : these, most probably, were persons
whom he well knew, and who, jjerhaps, woxild be individually
read at the time."
Bunyan seems to have been sorely perplexed by the
conflicting advice of his friends as to the expediency or
otherwise of printing his " little book :"
" .'^ome sjiid. John, print it; others said. Not so;
Some said it might do good, others said, No."
Thus difierently advi.«ed,
'■ Now was I in a stniit. and did not see
M hiih was the best thing to be done by me."
He decided, as authors generally do in such cases:
" At last I thought, since you are thus divided,
I print it will; and so tlie case decided."
"Ingenious dreamer! in whose well-told tale
Sweet fiction and sweet truth alike prevail;
■\Vhose humorous vein, strong sense, and simple style,
May teach the gayest, make the gravest smile; ^
Uitty, and well eionployed. and. like thy Lord,
Speaking in parables his slighted word ;—
1 name thee not. lest so despised a name
Should move a sneer at thy deserved liune." — Cowper.
It is a curious fact that Bunyan's prison companion,
Fox's Book of Martyrs, (his only book save the Bilde.)
was sold in 17S0 to Mr. Wantncr of the Priories; it was
inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Parnoll of Botolph Lane;
and afterwards purchased by subscription for the Bedford-
shire General Library. It is enriched with the poor pri-
soner's annotations, in rhyme, one of which we quote; it
is a comment upon the account of Gardiner's death:
"The blood, the blood that he did shed
Is falling on his one [own] head;
And dreadful it is for to see
The beginers of his misere."
Bunyan had a talent for repartee. A Qunker visited
him in Bedford jail, and declared that by the order of the
Lord he had sought for him in half the prisons of England.
'■ If the Lord had sent you.'' replied the prisoner, " you need
not have taken so much trouble to find me out: for the Lord
knows that I have been a prisoner in Bedford jail for the last
twelve years."
Mr. Granger remarks,
" Bunyan. whn has been mentioned among the least and lowest
of our writers, and even ridiculed as a driveller by those who had
never read him. deserves a much higher rank than is commonly
imagined. His Pilgrim's Progress gives us a clear and distinct
idea of Calvinistic divinity. In the first part, the allegory is ad-
mii-ably carried on. and the characters justly drawn, and uniformly
supported. The author's original and pontic genius shines through
the coarseness and vulgarity of his language, and intimates that
if he had been a master of numbers, he might have composed a
283
BUN
poem worthy of Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed
paradoxi.-al. I shall venture to name two persons of eminence ot
th.- siiUK' sentiments; one, the late Mr. Merrick of Iteading; the
other, Dr. Koberts, now Fellow of Eton College."
" Mr. Merrick has been heard to say, in conversation, that his in-
Tention was like that of Uomer."'
Lord Karnes makes a remark of a similar character; he
describes the Pilgrim's Progress as
*' Comprised in a style enlivened, like that of Homer, by aproper
mixture uf thf' dnimatiL- and narrative, and upon that a'ccount it
has been translatnl into most EuropeJtn languages."
Dean Swjlt derlared, that
'' He had been better entertained, and more informed, by a
chapter in the Pi]f,nim"s Progress, than by a long discourse upon
the will and intellect, and simple or complex ideas."
Dr. Radcliffe terms this alle;,njrj a " phoenix in a cage."
" Honest John Bunyan is the lirst nian I know of. who has min-
gled narrative and dialogue together; a mode of writing very en-
gaging to the reader, who, in the most interesting passages, finds
himself admitted, as it were, into the company, and present at the
conversation.'' — Dr. Frvnkun.
'• Bunyan's Pilgrim was a Christian, but Patrick's only a Pedlar."
When Charles II. expressed his surprise to Dr. Owen
tiiat a man of his learning could " sit and hear an illite-
rate tinker prate," the doctor answered :
" May it please your majesty, cnuld I possess that tinker's abi-
lities for preaching, I would most gladly relinquish all my learn-
ing."
Mr. Condor, in his biographical sketch of our author,
has vin(li«.'ated him from some erroneous representations
which he considers Dr. Southey to have made in his Life
of Bunyan. In the good tinker's own day, " erroneous
representations" of him were not unknown, for we find an
account of a work with this most ungracious title — Dirt
wiped out, or a manifest Discovery of the gross Ignorance.
Erroneousness, and most unchristian and wicked spirit of
one John Bunyan. Lay preacher in Bedford, (fee, Lon.,
1672, by . But we forbear to give the author's name.
Those who desire to have a faithful account of the strug-
gles and trials of Bunyan, should read his Grace Abound-
ing to the Chief of Sinners ; nor should The Holy War
made by King Shaddai upon Diabolus. &q.. be ncgief^ted.
Of the Pilgrim's Progress Mr. Joseph Ivimey wrote a con-
tinuation, of which Lowndes thus speaks:
"The allegory is in many places singularly well sust.ained, and
the performance is in every way creditable to the talents and in-
formation of the writer."
" Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and The Holy War are inimitable
specimens of genius and humour in the serviie nf exp<iiiiu-ntal
religion. His works display an original genius, iliptli of (^'biistian
experience, and much greater precision of thought and expression
than might have been expected from a man who made no preten-
sions to litfrature." — Dn. Williams.
" Bedford jail was that den wherein Bunyan dreamed his dream :
The Pilgrim's Progress, a book which the child and his grand-
mother read with equal delight; and which, more than almost
any other work, may be said to be
' Meet for all hours, and every mood of man,'
was written in prison, where Bunyan preached to his fellow-pri-
soners, supported his family by making tugged laces, and filled up
his leisure by writing a .onsiit.Tatile part of two finlio volumes.
The work by which he inniinitali/ni himself grew from a sudden
thought which occurred wliile \u- was writing in a different strain.
Its progress he relates oddly enough in his rhyming apology, but
more curiously in some ver.ses prefixed to the Holy War:
' It came from mine own heart, so to my he:id,
And thence into my fingers trickeled ;
So to my pen, from whence immediately.
On paper I did dribble it daintily.'
These curinus verses conclude with an anagram, made in noble
contempt of orthography.
* Witness my name: if anagram'd it be,
The letters make jVk h'my in a B.'
. . . Blind reasoners, who do not see that it is to their intellect,
not to their principles of dissent, that Milton and Bunyan and
De Foe owe their immortality I stninge company, we confess, but
each incomparable in his way."— Zon. Quarterly Review.
'• I know of no book, the Bible excepted, as above all compari-
son, which I, according to my judgment and expeiience. could so
safely recommend as teaching and enforcing the whole saving
truth, according to the mind that was in Christ Jesus, as the Pil-
grim's Progress. It is. in my conviction, incomparably the best
Summa Theologies Evangelict'e ever produced by a writer not
miraculously Inspired. ... It is composed in the lowest style of
English, without slang or false grannnar. If you were to polish
it, you would at once destroy tlin n-.-ility of the vision. For works
of imasination should be written in "very plain language; the
more purely imaginative they are, the more nei-essary it is to be
plain. This wonderful book is one of the few books "which may
be read repeatedly, at different times, and each time with a new
and a different pleasure. I read it once as a theologian, and let
mo assure y-iu that ilnre is great theological acumen in the work;
once with devotional fc.Hngs; and once as a poet. I could not
have believed betiirehand, that Calvinism could be painted in
such delightful colours." — Coleriuce.
It is no slight evidence of the great merit of our author
that critics of such opposite tastes in many pnrticnlars, vie
with each other in commendation of the Tinker of Bed-
ford. Hear Dr. Johnson on this theme :
234
BUN
"April 30, 1773. Johnson praised John Bunyan highly. His
pilgrim's Progress has great merit, both fl.ir invention, iiiiaginar
tiiin. and the conduct of the story ; and it has had the best evi-
dence of its merit, the general and continued approbation of man-
kind. Few books, I believe, have had a more ext-.-nsive sale. It
is remarkable, that it begins very much like the poem of ljant«;
yet there was no translation of Dante when Bunyan wrote. There
is reason to think that he had read Spenser."— ^osiyeH's Lift of
Johnson.
"Perhaps there is no tiook, with the single exception of the
Bible, that has been so wid, ly .iiiTiised. translated into so many
languages, and that is fitted to take so firm a hold of the minds
both of old and young, of learned an.l nnlenrued, as the Pilgrim's
Progress. Its unity of design and l.-rlililv oi iuvention. the poetic
tancy it displays, and the grapbi,; lailhruliass of the pictures it
contiiins both of life and manners ; these, together with its scrip-
tural truth and great practical utility, have obtained for this de-
lightful allegory a popularity no less great than it promises to be
enduring. Its meiits, indeed, are incontestable.'' — Dr. Jamieson.
" It is, indeed, one of the most extraordinary productions of any
age or country; and its popularity is, perhaps, unrivalled. . . .
Though upon the most serious of subjects, it is read by children
with as much pleasure as are the fictions written professedly for
their amusement." — Mills.
"Bunyan is unjustly despised by some; his natural talents
and evangelical prin. i|il,s :tnd pii-ty ar.-aduiiral.de." — Bickersteth.
"In what then consists Ilir jnTuliar .harm uf this strange and
original fiction — a chaiin wliirh reiideis the- rude pages of Bunyan
as familiar and delightful to a child as they are attractive to the
less impressionable mind of critical manhood? It is the homely
earnestness, the idiomatic vigour of the style; it is the fearless
straightforwardness of the conceptions, and the inexhaustible rich-
ness of imagery and adventures." — Prof. T. B. Shaw,
"What an illustrious instance of the superiority of goodness
over learning! Who now reads the learned wits of the reign of
Charles the Second'^ Who comparatively reads even Dryden. or
Tillotson, or Barrow, or Boyle, or Sir William Temple? Who has
not i-e^id, who will not read, the imniurfal epic of John Bunyan?
Who does not, who will not ever, villi C'lwiier,
' Revere the man whose pilgrim marks the road,
And guides the progress of the soul to God ;' "
C. D. Cleveland.
"Disraeli has well designated Bunyan as the Spenser of the
people; everyone familiar with his Faery Queen must acknow-
ledge the truth of the description. If it were not ap|,.arently in-
congruous, we would call him, in another score, the spiritual
Shakspeare of the world: for the accuracy and charm with which
he has delineated the changes and progress of the spiritual life,
are not less exquisite than that of Shakspeare in the Seven Ages,
aud innumerable scenes of human life."— iV. ^mcr/ca/i Jievlew,
vol. xxxvi.
'' The style of Bunyan is delightful to every reader, and invalu-
able as a study to every person who wishes to obtain a wide com-
mand over the English language. The vocabulary is the vocabu-
lary of the common people. There is not an expression, if we
except a few technical terms of theology, which would puzzle the
rudest peasant. We have observed several pages which do not
contain a single word of more than two syllables. Yet no writer
has s;iid more exactly what he meant to say. For magnificence,
for pathos, for vehement exhortation, for subtle disijuisition, for
every purpose of the poet, the orator, and the divine, this homely
dialect, the dialect of plain workingmen, was perfectly sufficient.
There is no book in our literature on which we could so readily
stake the fame of the old unpolluted English language; no book
which shows so well how rich that language is in its own proper
wealth, and how little it has been improved by ;ill that it has bor-
rowed. . . . We are not afraid to ^v that, tboUL'h there were
many clever men in England duringlhe latter half of the seven-
teenth century, there were only two great creative minds. One
of those minds produced the Paradise Lost, the other, the Pil-
grim's Progress." — T. B. Macaulat.
'■ The Pilgrim's Progress was so acceptable to the common peo-
ple, by reason of the amusing and parabolical manner of its com-
position, by way of vision, a method he was thoui^ht to have such
an extraordinary knack in, that some thought there were commu-
nications made to him in dreams, aud that he first really dreamt
over the matt^?r contained in such of his writings. This notion
was not a little propagated by his picture before some of these
books, which is represented in a sleeping posture." — OMf/a^s MSS.
" He had the invention, but not the other natural qualifications
which are necessary to constitute a great poet. If his genius had
intended him to be any thing more than a poet in prose, it would
probably, like Shakspeare's, have broken through every difficulty
of birth and station," — Dr. Kippis.
"The originality of Bunyan's genius is strikingly displayed in
the Holy War. Indeed, the Holy War has no prototype in any
language."— Dn. Cheever; see his Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress.
Among the editors of Pilgrim's Pror^ress and bio-^ra-
phers of Bunyan may be mentioned Southey, Ivimey,
Offer, Burder, Gilpin, Mason, Montgomery, Philip, Scott,
Conder, aud St. John. Bunyan's Works. 2 vols, fol, 1602,
1736. '37, '60, with Preface by G. Whitetield. 17(^7;
2 vols, fol, Edin., 1771 ; 6 vols. 8vo. with Notes by
Mason, Lon., 1784, 6 vols. Svoj best ed., by Offer, 3 vols,
r. 8vo, Lon., 1853.
Oldys mentions it as the observation of the anonymous
author of a discourse concerning Ridicule and Irony in
Writing, printed in 1729, that Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro-
gress had infinitely outdone a certain publication which
the author mentions, which perhaps hnd not made one
convert to infidelity ; whereas the Pilgrim's Progress had
converted many sinners to Christ.
BUN
The Retrospective Review, in comparing Beaumont's
Psyche with some of Bunyan's characters, remarks,
" As an allegory, Psycho is exceedingly meagre and inartificial :
the heroine hersulf is a vague, featiireleas personificatinn, and her
attendants. Logos and Thelt-ma, (the reason and the will.) are poor
and lifelfss compared with the bustling and dramatic personages
of our old friend Bunyan in the siege of Mansoul, — My Lord Will-
be-Will, Mr. Kecorder Conscience, and the rest." — Vol. xii.
The same excellent periodical considers that there are
good reasons for the conjecture that Bunyan's Pilgrim's
Progress was suggested by John Oarthemy's Voyage of
the Wandering Knight, translated by Goodyeare some
years before Bunyan's imprisonment in Bedford jail. We
shall only remark that, If a supposed or even real simi-
larity between the productions of the human mind is to be
accepted as a proof of derivation, then — to use a favourite
phrase of Dr. Johnson — of such conjectures "there will be
no end." There is, however, a striking resemblance be-
tween some of the adventures of the Wandering Knight
and those of Bunyan's Pilgrim. See Rctrosp. Rev., i. 260.
Bunyoii, C. J. Law of Life Assurance, Lon., Svo.
Bui'bury, I>Irs. Collects, Epistles, and Gospels Ex-
plained, Lon., 12mo. Florence Sackville ; or, Self-De-
pendence, 1S51, 3 vols. p. Svo. Other works.
"Mrs. Burbury possesses a clear appreciation of humour and
pathos, a tirm hand in noting down the boundary lines and salient
filatures of character, and a constancy to the Ifading plan and pur-
pose of her story. The story of poor Milly — the pathos of which
is feai-ful — would alone justify us in plafing Mrs. Burbury high
amoni; modern novelists." — Lon. AOu-TKrum.
Burbury, John* History of Christianna Alessandra,
Lon., 1I>5S, 12mo. Relation of a Journey of Lord Henry
Howard (afterwards Duke of Norfolk) "from London to
Vienna, and thenee to Constantinople, Lon., 1671, 12mo.
Burch, Thomas. The Free Grace of God Displayed
in the Salvation of Men; two Essays, 175f), Svo.
•■ At thL' requfst of the worthy Author of the following Essays, I
have perused tlitin; and oliS(.'rve nothing in Iheni Imt whatis agree-
ahte to the sacred Scriptures, to the form of sound Woids, to the
analo;ry of Faith, and the doctrine of the IJospel." — Dr. (Jill.
Burchall, James. Con. to Med. Obs. &, Inq., iii. 106.
Burchell, Joseph. Digest of the Laws in the King's
Bench and Common Pleas from 1756 to 1794, inclusive,
Lon.. 1796. Svo. Other legal works, Ac, 1801, '02. '08.
Burchell, William J- Travels in the Interior of
Southern Alricii, Lon., 1822-24, 2 vols. 4to.
'■The enteiprising and successfiU exertions of Burchell have
taught us that there are scarcely any assignable limits to human
courage and enthusiasm. . . . These travels were undertaken with
the intention of exploring the unknown countrii'S lying between
tlio Cape of Good Hope and the I'ortULruisc Srttl.-m.-nts on thf
Western Coast, by a circuitous track intu the lut-iior Kegions.
The author, after penetrating into the h<_-art of the Continent to
the depth of nt-arly t-li-veii hundred miles, to a country never be-
fore described, met with obstacles which it was found impossible
to surmount, and which (impelled him to alter the original plan
of his route. . . . His researches have embraced that variety of
subjects which a journey over ground never before trodden by
European foot, and through the strange and unknown regions of
Africa, might be expectt-d to alTord." — Dihdui's Lib. Onnpmion.
Burches, George. The Doctrine of Original Sin
Maintained on Ps. li. 5, Lon., 1655, Svo.
Burchett, Josiah, Secretary of the Admiralty. Me-
moirs of Transactions at Sea, during the War witli France,
1688-97, Lon., 170;i, Svo; 1720, fol. This elicited Col.
Luke Lilliugton's Reflections on Mr. Barchell's Memoirs,
Ac.. Lon., 1704, Svo. Mr. B. responded in a Justification
of his Naval Memoirs, in answer to Col. L.'s Reflections,
1704, Svo. Complete History of the most remarkable
Transactions at Sea, from the earliest accounts of Time, to
the conclusion of the last war with France, Lon., 1720, fol.
'■The great progenitor of all those ponderous tomes of verbosity,
fallacy, and blunders, which for a century have been palmed upon
the publii! as 'standard authorities' in naval history and naval
biojraphy."
For an account of this work — " the first British author-
ity which sought to achieve the bold and perilous nnder-
tuking of chronicling occurrences afloat from the earliest
accounts of time" — see The Naval Sketch Book.
Burchett, M. The Ark; a Poem, in imitation of Du
Bartas, Lon., 1714, 4to.
Burchyer, Henry. Authenticity of the word Ster-
lin;;oruin ur Stcrlin^j;. See Hearne's Collections, ii. 321, 1771.
Bnrckhardt, John Ludwig, 1784—1817, a native
of Lausanne, Switzerland, arrived in London, July, 1806,
with a letter from the celebrated Blumenbaeh to Sir Joseph
Banks. In May, 1808, he was engaged by the African
Association to make an attempt to penetrate into the in-
terior of Africa from the North. He sailed from Ports-
mouth in March, 1809. and was engaged until the time of
his death in making arrangements for prosecuting the ob-
ject of his mission. He encountered great hardships, and
BUR
at last, like Belzoni, fell a victim to dysentery, Oct. 15,
1817, when making preparations to commence his long-
delayed journey to Fezzan, to explore the source of the
Niger. His Journal and Memoranda, whieh he had par
tially prepared for publication, fortunately were preserved,
and transmitted to the African Association, and were pub.
in the following order: 1. Travels in Nubia, and in the
Interior of North-Eastern Africa, performed in 1813; Lon.,
1819, 4to. 2. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, 1822,
4to. 3. Travels in Arabia, 1829, 4to. 4. Notes oa the
Bedouins and Wahabys, 1830, 4to.
"Whether we consider its views of Arab manners, customs, in
stitutions, and other particulars, or its exhibition of the reniaik-
alile Mohammedan sectaries, the Wahabys, from their earliest ap-
pearance as reformers, to almost the present time, we find aljun-
dance of matter to gralify curiosity, and ent*Ttain and inform the
reader. It is the best account of the Arab tribes we have ever
seen." — Lrm. Lit. G'.'Z.
'■It throws new light on a race, which has long stood single
among the nations, retaining from age to age a character in which
lofty virtues and odious vices are strangfly combined. . . . Burck-
hardt has done much towards elucidating the manners of the
Arabians, and communicating an idea of the real condition of
that extraordinary people. . . . This work has thrown new light on
the subject of Bedouin love, courtship, and marriage." — Edin. He.v.
5. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians il-
lustrated from their Proverbial Sayings current at Cairo,
1830, 4to. He bequeathed his collection of Oriental MSS.
to the University of Cambridge.
Burckhardt combined some of the most essential qualifi-
cations for the life which he adopted. Had be lived a few
years longer — he was cut ofl" at the early age of 33 — we
should have possessed invaluable contributions to the stock
of knowledije of a deeply-interesting character.
Burd, Bichard, D.D. Sermons, 1GS4, 1704, 4to.
Burd, William, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1797.
Burdc, Andrew. See Botide.
Burden, or Burdin, J., M.D. A Course of Medical
Studies; trans, from the French, Lon., 1803, 3 vols. Svo.
Burden, W. Poetry for Children; selected, 1805.
Burder, George, 1752-1832, b. in London, minister
of the Indepcn-lcnt Chapel, Fetter Lane, London. B^uu-
yan's Pilgrim's Progress; anew edit., with Notes, 1786,
12mo. Evangelical Truth Defended, 1788, Svo. The
Welsh Indians. 1797, Svo. Bunyan's Holy War ; a new
edit., with Notes, 1803. Svo. Supplement to Watts'a
Psalms and Hymns, which passed through probably forty
edition;?. Mr. B. pub. several other works, the best-known
of which is the Collection of Village Sermons, 1799-1812,
6 vols. Svo. and several editions since; in 1833 they were
pub. in 8 vols, in 4; 1 vol. 12mo, 1838; do., 1840; do., ed.
by J. Cobbin, 1852, 12mo.
"*■ Burder's Village Sermons are highly and deservedly popular,
and very useful." — Lowndes; Bickeestfith.
Burder, Henry Forster. Funeral Sermon, 1811,
Svo. Discourses on the Divine Attributes, 1822, Svo.
'' Its attractive composition, the clearness of its statements, and
the decided character of its evangelical instructions, render it a
valuable and sure guide in the earliest stages of religious inquiry."
— fymgregational Mng.
Lectures on the Pleasures of Religion, 1823, Svo.
"We do not recollect any work that we could more confidently
put into the hands of intelligent and ingenuous youth than this
interesting statement of the pleasures of a religious life."— /iw/.
Lectures on the Essentials of Religion, 1825, Svo.
*' We are decidedly of opinion that this volume, compared with
all the other productions of the author, is the chef-d'ceuvre, in
point of thought and illustration." — Ibid.
Four Lectures on the Law of the Sabbath, 1831. Svo.
"Dr. Burder's Lectures present with great perspicuity and con-
ciseness the outlines of the argument, in a form adapted for popu-
lar circulation." — Lowndes.
Psalms and Hymns, Lon., 1820, 12mo: of these, 313
are from Dr. Watts. The Eclectic Review considers it thu
best of all the selections from Watts. Notes on the Pro-
phecies of the Apocalypse, 1849, p. Svo.
*' For the majority of readers Dr. Burder has gone far enough
into his theme. ... To devotional readers the treatise will be very
acceptable." — Bi-it. Quartfrh/ Rfviav.
Mental Discipline: Hints on the Cultivation of Intel-
lectual and Moral Habits. Addressed particularly to Stu-
dents in Theology, and Young Preachers. 5th edit., to
which is appended an address on Pulpit Eloquence, by the
Rev. Justin Edwards, Lon., 1846. fp. Svo.
" As a well-arranged and clearly-expressed exposition of the
author's readings and reflections on mental and moral discipline,
it will richly repay the attentive perusal of the important clasBea
for whom it is especially prepared." — Lon. Biblical Review.
Serms. preached at St. Thomas's Square Chapel, Hack-
ney, 1854, Svo.
Burder, John. Elementary Discourses, Stroudw.,
1819, 12mo. Lectures on Religion. Holdsw., 1S26, Svo.
"A work of great utility." — Q/ngrtg. Mag.
BUR
A Memoir of Thomas Harrison Burder, M.D., 1844, 12mo.
"Mr. I!ui-dei- has executed his task— bv no m.-ans an easy one- ^
with prud.'nce and Rood taste."— CArfadan Eiammer
Burder, Samuel, late of Clare Hall, Cambridge, and
Leoturcr of Christ Church, Newgate street, and ,St. Leo-
nard's, Foster Lane, London. The Moral Law, Lon., 1795,
12mo. Christian Directory, 1800, ]2mo. Owen's Display
of Arminianism: a new edit., revised and corrected.
Oriental Customs ; or an Illustration of the Sacred Scrip-
tures, Ac, Lon., 1802-07, 2 vols. Svo ; several edits. ; 1839,
8vo ; much improved since first pub.
" A useful abiidsment of Harmer's Observation.?, with many
yalualile additions from recent voy.i=;ers and travellers, arranired
in the order of the Boolcs, Chapters, and Verses of the Bible."— T
11. IIORNE.
^ Trans, into German (with corrections and additions,
since incorporated in Burder's work) by RosenmiiUer,
Lcip.s., 1819, 4 vols. Svo.
" Mr. Burder's work has not only been composed with consider-
able labour, but this labour will be productive of much utility
The arran^'emL■nt of the nliservalions acordin;; to the order of
Scripture will reiid.T tlip work an .u-.-.-iit^ilile book of reference to
Divines and liilili.al S> b.,l;,rs.'— A,.,,. M.iiilhbi Beriew.
" It leaves out mu.b that IS valnal.le in Harmcr."—0rm«'sa'6;. B.
Oriental Literature applied to the Illustration of the
Sacred Scriptures, 1822, 2 vols. Svo.
" Had Mr. Burder been a profound Oriental scholar, this mi^ht
have been made a very interestin',' book. . . . But mere compila-
tions of this nature, however faithfully executed, cannot deeply
int<>iest the Bibli.'al scholar. The real and most formidable difli-
culties of Scriptural expression and allusion are never met by
them. — Orme.
Oriental Customs, Lon., 1831, sm. Svo, 4th edit, Lon.,
1847, fp. Svo. This volume contains a selection from the
more popular articles contained in the two preceding worlis,
with additions from recent publications.
Memoirs of eminently pious British Women; new edit,,
1815, 3 vols. Svo ; and 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. The Scripture
Expositor, 1809, 2 vols. 4to. This work .also illustrates
Scripture by the assistance of Eastern Customs. Of the
value of such illustrations there can be no question.
'"I'he manners of the Kast, amidst all the changes of Rovern-
ment and religion, are still the same: they are livin- impi-essions
from an original mould: and at every step some ol,i..it srane
idiom, some dress, or some custom of common life, r.MiiiTid^ the
traveller of ancient times, and confirms, above all. the hi uilv the
accuracy, :ind the prop.iety of the lan-na-e and the history of the
Jiltde. — Moriers &C'md J»urney tlm>u/jh B'l-sia.
Burder, William. Eeli-ious Ceremonies and Cus-
toms, Lon., 1841, Svo. Formed on the basis of Picart's
Wink, and contains much instructive matter.
Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1724, 4to.
Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1760, 4to. Pil-^rim's
Progress Versified. 1S04. °
Burdett, Charles, b. 1815 in the city of New York
Emma: or the Lost Found. Adopted Cliild. Trials , and
Triumphs. Never too late. Cb.ances and Changes ' Ma
non Desmond. The (Jambler, Ac. Editor of° Barring-
ton's Physical Geography. Contrib. to many periodicals.
Burdett, Sir Francis, M.P. for Westmin. Speeches
1802, -0 I, -09. '12. A.ldresses to C.mstituents. 1810.
Burdett, Mrs. Waltt-r Hamilton, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo.
Burdiu. See Buhiien.
Burdon, Miss. 1. All Classes, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo
2. Forrester's Daughter, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Friends of Fon-
tainebleau, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. Lost Evidence. 3 vols. p. Svo
5. The Pope and the Actor, 3 vols. p. Svo. 6. Seymour of
Sudley, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Thirst for Gold, 3 vol's, p. Svo.
8. Ward of the Crown, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Burdon, William. Pocket Farrier, 1730, '45, Svo
T,!''!,n"!, '"''""• 'r'"'^" ^"^'■''^ '" "1" Bishop of
Llandafl, 1 , 9o, Svo. ( )n the Pursuits of Literature, 1799-
1800, 8vo. Politics, Morality, and Literature, ISOO, Svo.
Materials for Thinking, 180.1-1 0, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit.,
1814, 2 vols. Svo. Advice, 1803. Other literary and noli-
Ileal works. *
Burwood, .Tane. Faith and Patience, Lon., 1693
Burdy, Samuel. Life of Phili,, Skelton, 1792, Svo
History of Ireland from the earliest ages to the Union,
181/, Svo. '
Bureau, James. Medical Essays. Lon 1777 '89 '9''
Burl'ord, .John, of King's College, Cambrid-e ' In-
stitutionem Met.aphysicarum, lib. ii., Lon., 1654 Svo In
stitutiones Metapliysicm, Ox{., 1675, 12mo. Institutiones
Logical, Camli., inso, Svo.
Burford, Saninel. Ordin.ation .Sermon, 1765, 4to
Burge, William, Queen's Counsel, d. 1850, a^ed 63
Commmitarics on the Law of Suretyship, last edit., Lon.,
IS4.1 Svo ; 1st Amer. edit., Boston, 1817, Svo. This work
will bo found of great use to the American lawyer as well
as to the members of the English Bar
2S6
BUR
Observations on the Supreme Appellate Jurisdiction of
Great Britain, Lon., 1841, Svo. . Commentaries on Colo-
nial and Foreign Laws generally, and in their conflict
with each other and with the Law of England, Lon. 1838
4 vols. Svo ; new edit, in course of preparation, ' '
This work should stand on the same shelf with Mr. Jus-
tice Story's Treatise upon the Conflict of Laws. This emi-
nent author thus refers to Burge's work :
'■ It exhibits (Treat learniui; and research, and as its merits are
not as yet Ri-n.-rally known to the profession on this side of the
Atlantic, 1 hav,- niadi> many references to it, with the view of en-
abhnK the piotcKsi.iii I,, obtiiin many more illustrations of the doc-
trines than my own brief text would suggest, and also fully to
appreciate his learned Kibours."
Restoration and Repairs of the Temple Church, 1843,
Svo. The Choral Service of the Anglo-Catholio Church,
Burges. The Pope's Deadly Wound.
Burges, Frauds. Some Observations on the Use
and Original of the Noble Art and Mystery of Printing
Norwich, 1701, Svo. This is often called the first book
printed at Norwiidi ; but this is an error.
Burges, G. H. Plato ;— Four Dialogues : Crito, Greater
Hippias, Second Alcibiados, and Sisyphus: with English
Notes, original and selected. In this edition, Eekker's
Te.xt IS adopted, and the whole of Heindorfs Notes are
translated.
"It is owing to the erudition and research of the editor that
these dialogues may now be pronounced no longer a sealed book
which none but great scholars could ever hope even imperfectlv
to understand."— jVcm MiriMilij Mmj. '
Burges, George. Remarks on Mr. Wakefield's In-
quiry relative to Public Worship, Lon., 1792, Svo. A Let-
ter to Thomas Paine, 1794, Svo. Euripides Troades,
1807, Svo. Euripides Pha;nissaj ; Cum Nutulis, 1810, Svo.
Other works.
Burges, James. Inoculation, 2d ed., 1754, Lon., Svo.
Burges, Sir James Bland. Heroic Epistle from
Sergeant Eiadsh:lw, in the Shailcs, to John Dunnin», Esq
1788. Law of Insolvency, 1783, Svo. Alfred's Letters,
1792, Svo. Tlie Birth and Triumph of Love: a Poem,
1796, 4to. Richard the First an Epic Poem, 1801, 2 vols
Svo. Riches, a Play, 1810, Svo. Reasons in favour of a
new trans, of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1819, Svo.
"This work, though designed as a defence of Mr. Bellamy's
str.ingo perlormance. in reply to the Qu.arterlv Review of t4t
work IS worth consulting, though the reader will not be Ukely to
adopt all the learned Baronet's reasons or reasonings, in their sun-
port: —OmiF.: BM. Brit. °' =" ="y
Sir J.amos pub. some other works.
Burges, Samuel. Ordination sermon, 1707, Svo
Burgess, Mrs. The Oaks, or the Beauties of Can-
terbury; a Comedy, 1780, Svo.
Burgess, or Burges, Anthony, a Nonconformist
clergyman, was educated at St John's College. Cambridge
and afterwards became a Fellow ofEmmanuel College, "in
1630 he obtained the living of Sutton-Colfield, Warwick-
shire, but submitted to ejectment after the ReHoration
ym.licia; Legis, Lon., 1546, 4to. 155 Sermons on the 17th
Chapter of St John, Lon., 1646, '66, '61, fob
" Full of sound doctrine, methodically arranged, and closely an-
piled in very plain langn.age."- Da. £. Wili.ia.ms.
" Spiritual and experimental."— Bickeesteth.
The True Doctrine of Justification asserted and vindi-
cated, 1648, 4to. Treatise on Justification, 1654, 4to
,'nf ".'l.™''' '^ ^ Sre-at favourite with those who hold the doctrine
01 Lhrists imputed righteousness."— Lowndes.
Commentaries on the 1st and 2d Corinthians, 1661
2 vols. fol. '
"'This deserves the same character as his work on John "—
Br. K. AVilli.\ms.
Olher theological works. Bishop Hacket used to say that
Burgess was fit for a Professor's Chair in the University
"A pious, learned, and able scholar, a good disputant, an emi-
nent preacher, and a sound and orthodox divine."— Da Joan Wai-
LIS, a jmpil of Burgess.
Burgess, or Burges, Cornelius, D.D., a Noncon-
formist divine, d. 1665. was entered at O.xford in 1611.
On taking holy orders he obtained the rectory of St Mao--
nus, London-bridge, an,l in 161S ho was presented to the
living of Watford in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain in
ordinary to Charles I., and a zealous frieud to the Church
in the earlier part of his life, but as Wood .alleges, from
disapjiointment, he afterwards sided with the Parliamen-
tary party, and after the murder of the king shared
largely in the spoils; purchasing Church lands, and writ-
ing a book to justify such speculations, entitled No Sacri-
lege nor Sinne to Alicne or Purchase the Lands of Bishops,
or others, whose Offices are Abolished, 2d edit, Lon., 1659,
Svo. (3d edit, abbreviated, 1660, 4to.)
" This second unpression, as I apprehended, was wrote upon a
BUR
BUR
prosp& t of the King's cnming; in, and danger of losing all ; for it
is wro'e In a very mortified stylti."' — Cole.
Tho king did "come in/' and Burgess's speculations
proved rather uuprotitablo :
*' III' was I)i(l for his pnrchase, not lone 'bef'^re the King's return,
ahniit £ !ii,i)mi. )mt refus'd it. And the Kini; unexpectL'dly (to him)
retnriiinL,' in tin- vi-;ir lOiiO, and bishops and di'ans heinc restored,
he lost all Ills pun-lias'd lands, and became so poor (inv;ensjustitia^
divin.-p doonmentuml that he had not bread to eat. as it appears
in bis own letter to Sii* Hichard Browne." — Dr. Barlow, in Athen.
Oxfni.
He pub. several other theological tracts, among them,
Baptismal Regeneration of Elect Infiints, Oxf., 1629, 4t.o.
"An unsatisfactory work." — BlcKERsTiiTH.
Burgess, Daniel, 1645-1712, a Dissenting divine,
was entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in lti60. In 1667
the Earl of Orrery appointed him master of a school at
CharleviUo. Ireland. In 1685 he took charge of a congre-
gation in Brydges Street, Covcnt Uardon, London, after-
wards in Carey Street. vScrmon on Eccles. xii. 1, Lon.,
1660, fol. IS Directions for saving Conversion to God,
1691, Svo. Causa Dei; or. Counsel to the Rich. Lon.,
1697, 8vo. Tho Golden Snuffers, a sermon on Exod.
xxxvii. 23, 1697. Other theolog. treatises. Burgess was
celebrated for a random wit which sometimes forgot the
propriety of times and seasons and sbirtled the pulpit
with unseemly levity. Yet he had many occasional hearers
from the theatre in his vicinity, and his lively zeal for
souls made him ready to "become all things to all men."
Perhaps the most unsatisfactory and reckless of the pupils
upon whom his admonitions were thrown away was Henry
St. John, (afterwards) Lord Bolingbroke, to whom Bur-
gess was for some time tutor.
Burgess, Daniel. A Short Account of the Roman
Senate. Lon., 1729, 4to.
Burgess, George, D.D., Bishop of the P. Episcopal
Church in the State of Maine, was born Oct. 31, 1809, at
Providence, Rhode Island; was educatctl at Brown Uni-
versity, {where he was fur some time a tutor,) and studied
at the Universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin: Rec-
tor of Christ Church, Hartford, 1834-1847; consecrated
Bishop of Maine, Oct. 31, 1847, and became, at the same
time, Rector of Christ Church, Gardiner. He has pub.
several sermons and two academic poems. The Book of
Psalms in Engli.^h Verse, N.Y., 12mo. Pages from the
Ecclesiastical History of New England, 12mo. The Last
Enemy Conquering and Conquered, Phila., 1850, 12mo.
Sermons on the Christian Life, 1854, 12mo.
"Remarkable for comprehension of thought, beauty and Bim-
plicity of Btjle, and for the profit and interest witli which they
are read."
Burgess, Rev. Henry, LL.D. Amateur Gardener's
Year-Book, Lon., 1857, Svo.
"This ia, beyond compare, the best book of its class that has
coroe under our uotico. It is really popnlar." — Lon. Cnlic.
Burgess, J. Beelzebub Driven and Drowning his
Hogs; a sermon on Mark v. 12, 13, 1670, Svo.
Burgess, John. The Lawfulness of Kneeling in re-
ceiving the Lord's Supper, Lon., 1631, 4to. Contains an
answer to a Reply to Dr. Morton's Defence of those nocent
Ceremonies.
Burgess, John Cart. Flower Painting, Lon., 1811.
Useful Hints on Drawing and Painting, 1818, etc.
Burgess, Richard. Topography and Antiquities of
Rome, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Greece and the Levant, or Diary
of a Summer's Excursion in 1834, *35, 2 vols. 12mo.
"These little volumes are valuable as guides for tourists, and
pleasinjriy describe the most interestinp; portions of Greece, Tui^
key, aud Western Asia." — Lon . Alhcn(rnm .
Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion,
and on the succeeding Influence of Christianity. 1839, Svo.
"Considerable interest attaches to these Lectures from the fact
that they were delivered to a Protestant consreffation within the
confines of the Vaticiin ; and the preface contains an acconnt, as
import^int as it is drliirhttul. of tho nri^rin miic! iiT'iltcss of this
church. The Lectures thrinsi4vi.'S an- a vali];iblc aiMitinn to the
various treatises on thu evidwnces of revealed reliyiuu." — Lon.
Christian Rcjncmhrancer.
The Circus, aud Circensian Games, p. Svo.
Burgess, Richard. Observations on an Appeal to
members of the Society for P. C. K., Lon., 1844, Svo.
Burgess, Thomas, D.D., 1756-1837, a native of
Odiham, Hampshire, educated at Winchester School, and
at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he obtained a
scholarship in 1775, and a fellowship in 17S3. He became
Bishop of St. David's in 1803, translated to Salisbury in
1825. He was distinguished for industry as an author,
and zeal in the discharge of ministerial duties. Whilst
chaplain to Dr. Shute Barrington, his predecessor in the
bishopric of Salisbury, he laboured assiduously in the pro-
motion of that Christian charity — next to the ministry
the most powerful instrumentality for the subversion of
error and establishment of truth — the Sunday-School
system. Tho bishop was a very voluminous writer; his
biographer, J. S. Harford, enumerates nearly 100 publica-
tions of his. To this bitigraphy, 2d edit., pub. Lou., 1841,
12mo, we refer the reader. We notice a few of his works :
Burton's Peutalogia, with an Appendix, and a few expla-
natory Notes, 1780, 2 vols. Svo. Dawes's Miscellanea
Critica Iterum edita. 17SI, Svo ; reprinted at Leipsic, ISOO.
An Essay on the Study of Antiquities, 2d edit., Oxf., 1782,
Svo. Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery, 17S9,
Svo : recommending gradual emancipation. The Divinity
of Christ proved from his own Assertions, Ac. ; a sermon,
1790, 4to; of this doctrine the bishop was a zealous de-
fender. Ho pub., 1814-20, a number of tracts on the
Trinity, &c., which were collected into one volume in
1820; and in 1822 and 1824 he pub. Annotationes Millii,
Ac, and a selection of Tracts and Observations on John
V. 7, and wrote some treatises upon this question. Tho
zeal of tho bishop whilst espousing the genuineness of
this verso drew him into a controversy with Professor
Turton, who defended Porson against a charge made by
the prelate. Elementary Evideneos of the Truth of Chris-
tianity, in a series of Easter Catechisms. This valuable
work has been frequently reprinted. Fteasons why a new
Translation of the Bible should not be published, 1816,
Svo. Initia Paulina, 1804, 12mo.
"Some of the most valuable illustrations of the style of St.
Paul's Kpistb's. that can be offered to the attention of the student.'*
—lindsh Cnlic.
"This small work is adapted to aid the critical student of Paul's
Epistles." — OR.ME.
His Hebrew Elements, 1807, and Hebrew Primer, ISOS,
are valuable assistants to tho student. A Letter to the
Clergy of St. David's. 1825, Svo. Christian Theocracy,
Ac, 1835, 12mo. In addition to tho Life by Harford, con-
sult Homo's Introduction for notice of some of the writ-
ings of this learned and useful prelate.
"lie resembled an ancient father of the church in simplicity
and holiness, aud was distinfiuished alike for extensive learning
and unwearied industry, and the unruffled calm of a meditative
miud." — 1>U. PEMi-^oy.
-' Uishi'p Ilur-rss deserves well of the Christian public for the
varied eniMni.i---MKnts which he has presented to the cultivation
of IJibli<;il liteiatuie."— O/Hif's BiU. Bih.
Burgess, Tristam. The Battle of Lake Erie, with
notite of Commodore Elliott's Conduct in that engage-
ment, 1839, 12mo. Speeches, Ac
Burgess, Wm. Funeral Sermon, Colches., 1831. Svo.
Bnrgesse, John. Thcolug. treatises, Lon., 1709, '2S.
Burgh, A. or R. 1. Sacred History. 2. Music, 4
vols.. 1S05, '14.
Burgh, or Burghe, Benedict. Cato trans, into
Euglisir. 1480. ful., by Caxton.
"IJur-ihe's performance is too jejune for transcription; and. I
suspi'L-t. would not iKive afforded a single spleudid extr.act. had
even the Latiu possessed any sparks of poetry." — WarUm's Eng.
Furlrii.
Burgh, James, 1714-1775, a native of Maddcrty,
Perthshire, Scotland, was a cousin, by the mother's side, of
Robertson the historian. lie was educated at the Univer-
sity of St. Andrew's, and on leaving college commenced
business in the linen trade, in which he lost all of his pro-
perty. Returning to London, he became corrector of the
press in Bowyer's printing office, which he left in 1746 for
the purpose of becoming assistant in a grammar school at
Marlow, in Buckinghamshire. In 1747 he established a
school at Stoke Newington, (removed to Xewington-Green
in 1760.) Middlesex, which was very successful. He la-
boured in this useful occupation until 1771. when he re-
tired, and settled at Islington, where he resided until his
death. Britain's Remembrancer, Lou., 1745; 5 edits, in
about 2 years, and reprinted in Scotland, Ireland, and
America. Thoughts on Education. 1747. A Hymn to the
Creator of the World, Ac; 2d edit., 1750, Svo. A Warn-
ing to Dram Drinkers, 1751, 12mo. Had this warning
been effectual in his own day and succeeding times, what
an amount of poverty, misery, crime, and moral and spi-
ritual death had been prevented ! The Free Inquirer, pub.
in The General Evening Post, 1753, 4to. Dignity of Hu-
man Nature, 1754, 4to. The Art of Speaking, 1762, Svo.
An Account of the Cessares; a people of S. America,
1764, Svo. Crito ; or Essays on Various Subjects, 1766,
'77, 3 vols. ]2mo. The Constitutionalist; pub. in The
Gazetteer, 1770. Political Disquisitions, 1774, '75, 3 vols.
Svo. This work is on a very comprehensive plan. Tho
author intended to carry it further, had he lived. The
Colonist's Advocate in The Gazetteer ; afterwards pub. by
a bookseller under the title of Youth's Friendly Monitor.
j *' lie was a man of great piety, integrity, and benevolence. lie
287
BUR
BDR
had a warmth of heart which engaged him to enter ardently into
the prosecution of any valuable design, and his temper was com-
municative and cheerful,"
See Biog. Brit. ; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes.
Bur^h, Sydenham. Sermon, 1723, 8vo.
Burgh, Thomas, Risht-lined Figures, Dub.,1724,4to.
Bur^h, William, LL.D.. M.P., 1741-1808, a native
of Ireland. Scriptural Confutations of the Arguments
produced by Mr. Thoup. Lindsay against the One Godhead
of Father, Son, and Iloly Ghost, Lon., 1773, and An In-
quiry, &c., being a sequel to the above work, 1778, Svo.
" A masterly work, hiL;hly commended by Bishop Hurd, Mr.
Toplady, and other clergymen." — Lowndes.
For this work the University of Oxford awarded to the
author the honour of a doctor's degree.
Burgh, William, of Trinity College. Dublin. Ex-
position of the Book of Revelation ; 3d. edit., Dubl., 1S34,
12mo.
" An attempt to set aside all preceding expositions of this book
on very unsatisCictory and insufficient grounds; yet with practi-
cal and useful remarks." — Bickersteth.
Six Discourses on the Nature and Influence of Faith,
Dubl., 1835, sm. Svo.
'' This work is perfectly sound upon the esst-ntial points of
Christianity, — but it is often peculiar in its mode of stating them,
and stites new views upon minor points." — Piesbj/t. Rtview.
Lectures on the Second Advent of Christ, and Connected
Events, &c. ; 2d edit, enlarged, Dubl., 1835, 12mo.
See a review of this work in the Dublin Christian Ex-
aminer.
" This was answered by Mr. Cunninghame (with too much
sharpness, but ably) in his Church of Rome, the Apostasy." —
Bickersteth.
Other theological works.
Burghley, tord. See Cecil, Sir Willtam.
Burs:hope, George. Sermons, &c., 1095, '97, 1704.
Burghope, >I. Sermon, 1701, 4to.
Burgou, John William. Petra, a Poem. Lon.. 2d
ed., 1846, p. Svo. Life, Times, and Contemporaries of Sir
Thomas Grresham, 2 vols. Svo.
" These are two magnificent volumes in regard to size, illustra-
tion, and typography. Nor are their literary contents unworthy
their external splendour, or the fame of the distinguished mer-
chant to whose biography they are devoted." — United .S'-rrice Mag.
Burgoyne, John, Lieut. General, M.P., d. 1792, was
engaged in military service in several parts of the world,
and obtained considerable distinction as an author. He
married the daughter of the Earl of Derby. Letter to his
Constituents upon his late Resignation, 1779, Svo. Sub-
stance of his Speeches upon M. Vyner's Motion, 1778, Svo.
State of the Expedition from Canada, 1780, Svo. The
Lord of the Manor; Comic Opera, 17S1, Svo. This piece
contains the beautiful lines commencing
" Encompassed in an Angel's Frame."
The Heiress; a Comedy, 1786, Svo.
"Every reader of the Heiress will mark the striking parallel-
imns between many passages in it and the School for .Scandal."
He contributed The Westminster Guide to the celebrated
Probationary Odes. His Dramatic and Poetical Works,
with Memoir of the Author, appeared in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo.
"The various offerings to the Muses, which were presented by
an accomplished gentleman and a brave and skilful officer." —
Lon. Monthly Review.
Burgoyne, Montagu. Polit. Letters and Speeches,
1S07, '10. '11.
Burhill, or Burghill, Robert, 1572-1641, a native
of Dymock, Gloucestershire, was admitted at 15 scholar
of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and probationer Fellow
in 1584. He was presented to the living of Nortbwold in
Norfolk, and was made Canon residentiary of Hereford.
Invitatorius panegyricus, nd Regem Optimum de Eliza-
bethae nuper Reginas posteriore ad Oxoniam Adventu, A-c,
Oxon., 160:?, 4to. De Potestate Regia et Usurpatione Pa-
pali, <tc., Oxon., 1613, Svo. Other works, for a notice of
which see Athen. Oxon. Burhill rendered valuable assist-
ance to Sir Walter Raleigh when he was composing his
History of the World, in "criticisms and the reading of
Greek and Hebrew authors." Wood gives him a high cha-
racter :
"He was a person of great reading and profound judgment,
was well vers'd in the fathers and schoolmen, ri'^ht learned and
well grounded in the Hebrew tongue, an exact disputant, and in
his younger years a noted Latin poet.'' — Athp/n. Ozon,
Burk, or Burke, John. The History of Virginia,
from its first Settlement to the Present Time ; commenced
by John Burk, and continued hy Sheltun Jones, and Louis
rtue Girardin, 1804-16 : seldom found complete, as almost
ill the copies of vol. iv., by Girardin, pub. in 1816, wore
i.X'identally destroyed. Perhaps 20 or 30 copies of vol.
iv. may be in existence.
Burke, Mrs. Ela; a Talo, 1787, 12mo. The Sor-
2tw
rows of Edith, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. Adela Nerthington,
1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Secret of the Cavern, 1805, 2
vcl-s- 12mo. Elliott, or "Vicissitudes of Early Life, 1800,
2 vols. 12mo. The ungallant Monthly Reviewers notice
this work in the following — not very complimentary —
style :
"To those who can receive pleasure from the mere narration of
successive events, without requiring any accordancy with nature
and probability; and who can read the tale of thwarted love and
suffering virtue without regarding poverty of diction or faults of
style; the history of Elliott may prove an interesting production."
— Lon. Monthly Jtevv'W, 1801.
Burke, Aedanus, d. 1802, aged 59, a native of Gal-
way, Ireland, emigrated to America, where he became a
Judge in South Carolina, and a member of Congress. Ad-
dress to the Freemen of South Carolina, by Cassius, 1783,
Considerations upon the Order of Cincinnati, 1783.
Burke, Sir Bernard, Ulster King-of-Arms. See
BuuKK. John.
Burke, B. VV. A Compendium of the Anatomy, Phy-
siology, and Pathology of the Horse. 1806, 12mo.
Burke, E. P. An Historical Essay on the Laws and
Government of Rome, designed as an Introduction to the
Study of the Civil Law; 2d edit., Cambridge, 1S30, Svo.
" The best historical view of the Itoman Constitution that has yet
appeared from the hands ofany English civilian or historian, and ex-
ceeded by few, if any, of the continental eseayson the same subject."
Burke, Edmund, 1728-1797, one of the greatest of
the sons of men, was a native of Dublin. Mr. Prior agrees
with other authorities in assigning January 1, 1730, as the
date of his birth, but we adopt the decision recorded in the
last edition of his works, {Lon., 1S52, 8 vols. r. Svo,) al-
though his sister Juliana was baptized in this year. The
family is descended from the Norman Burghs, or De Burghs,
(of which Burke or Bourke — for it is even now spelt both
Tvays — is a corruption.) who emigrated to Ireland under
Strongbow, temp. Henry II. His father, Richard Burke,
was an attorney, first in Limerick, and afterwards in Dub-
lin. About 1725 he married Miss Mary Nagle, of the an-
cient family of that name, still existing near Castletown
Roche, county of Cork. Of their fourteen or fifteen chil-
dren, all died young except Garret, Edmund, Richard, and
Juliana. In 1741 the three brothers were placed at a school
at Ballitore, conducted by an excellent master named Abra-
ham Shaekleton, a Quaker. With this gentleman and his
son Richard, his successor, Burke kept up the most friendly
relations until the death of the son in 1792. As a boy,
Edmund was distinguished for that devoted application to
the acquisition of knowledge, and remarkable powers of
comprehension and retention, which accompanied him
through life. "When we were at play." remarked his
brother Richard, "he was always at work." In 1744 he
entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a pensioner. In 1746
he was elected a scholar of the house; commenced A.B.,
Feb. 23. 1747-48, and proceeded A.M., 1751. Goldsmith,
who was his fellow-student, tells us that he was not distin-
guished for any remarkable superiority of talents; but the
truth seems to be that he was zealously employed in laying
in those stores of useful rather than brilliant knowledge,
which afterwards proved of such service to him in the prac-
tical business of life. Yet he did not scorn the blandish-
ments of the muse : for he composed very creditable poetry,
and studied with delight the poems of Shakspeare. Spenser,
Milton, and Young. Having determined to adopt the Law
as his profession, he was entered of the Middle Temple,
April 23, 1747, and early in 1750 arrived in London to keep
the customary terms previous to being called to the Bar.
He changed his views, however, for at the expiration of the
usual time he was not called. In 1752 or 1753 he off"ercd
himself as candidate for the Professorship of Logic in the
University of Glasgow, but, fortunately for the world and
his future fame, was unsuccessful. It is said, indeed, that
he withdrew his application when informed that arrange-
ments had already been made by those interested which
precluded any hope of his election. Mr. James Clow was
elected to the vacant chair. Having much leisure upon
his hands, Burke devoted it to assiduous study, occasionally
amusing himself by original compositions. Some of his
pieces were published, but it is impossible at this time to
know what they were. One of the first, Arthur Murphy
believed to be a poem, or poetical translation from the La-
tin. His first avowed publication, the Vindication of Natu-
ral Society, by a late Noble Writer, which appeared in the
spring of 1756, Svo. pp. 166, was a most successful imita-
tion of the style, language, and thought of Lord Boling-
broke. The object was a most praiseworthy one. His
lordship's philosophical (infidel) works had appeared in
1754, pub. by David Mallet, and extited much attention.
BUR
Burke laboured to show that if tho abuses of, or evils some-
times connected with, religion, invalidate its authenticity,
authority, or usefulness, then every institution, however
benetieial, must be abandoned.
'• His object was t« expose bis lordship's mode of reasooing, by
running it out into its lej^itiiiiute consequences. lie therefore ap-
plied it ti) livil society. He undertook, in the person of Boling-
hi-i'kv. and with the closest imitation of his impetuous and over-
beaiin;:: eloiiuence. to expose the crimes and wretchedness which
have prevailed under every form of government, and thus to show
that society is itself an evil, and the savage state the only one fa-
Tourable to virtue and happiness. In this pamphlet he gave the
most perfect specimen which the world has ever seen of the art of
imitating the style and manner of another. lie went beyond the
mere choice of words, the structure of sentences, and the cast of
imagery, into the deepest recesses of thought: and so completely
had he imbued himself with the spirit of Bolingbroke, that he
brought out precisely what every one sees his lordship ought to
have said on his own principles, and might be expected to say, if
he dared to express his sentiments."
The merit of this production was the better appreciated
from the current opinion of literary men that Bolingbroke's
style was "not only the best of that time, but in itself
wholly inimitable." Tho critics were completely deceived :
'' Almost everybody received it as a posthumous work of Lord
Bolingbroke ; and so far from being looked upon as one of the hasty
sketches of his youth, or the gle-anings of old age. it was praised
up to the standard of his best writings. Tbf niiirs l nrw the turn
of his periods, his style, his phrases, and :i("i\ i- ;iil, ilh- m.ttrliless
dexterity of his metaphysical pen. Chailrs .MarlJin. wVh tho
pamphlet in his hand, used frequently to exclaim al the ijreciau
Coffee-house, (where he gave a kind of literary law to the young
Templars at that time,) '^ir, this must be Harry Bolingbroke; I
know him by his cloven foot!' The Earl of Chesterfield, who had
been an intimate friend of Boliugbroke, and was a copyist of his
style, acknowledged that he was for sonie time deceived in this
point; and Bishop Warburton — an abler man than either of their
lordships — exclaimed in his usual rough style — 'You see, sir, the
fellow's principles; they now come out in a full blaze.'"
We need not be surprised at this when we remember
that — to use the language of Mr. Prior —
"The imihition indeed was so perfect as to constitute identity,
rather than resemblance. It was uot merely the language, style,
and geuenal eloijueiice of the original whi-h h;id been caught; but
the whulf mind of the peer, his train i>r ilmu-bt. the power to enter
into his conception, seemed to be transferred into the pen of his
imitator, with a fidelity and ' grace beyond the reach of art.' "
A celebrated critic, alluding to the successful imitation
of all of the noble writer's clianirfrristics, remarks:
"In Burke's imitation of llolin.ji-i-ul,,. i tlir most p.-rfect specimen
perhaps that ever will exist oJ' Ibr art m <niestion) we have all the
qualities which distinguish tbc style, or, we may indeed say, the
genius, of that noble writer, concentrated and brought before us."
This pamphlet was reprinted in 1705, with a preface by
the author, in which he modc-^tly remarks :
'■ If some inaccuracies in calculation, in reasoning, orin method,
be found, perhaps the.se will not be looked upon as faults by the
admirers of Lord Bolingbroke; who will, the editor is afraid, ob-
serve much more of his lordship's character iu such particulars of
the following letter, than they are likely to find of that rapid tor-
rent of an impetuous and overbearing eloquence, and the variety
of rich imagery, for which that writer is justly admired."
A few months afterwards, in the same year, appeared A
Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the
Sublime and Beautiful, 8vo ; pub. by Dodsley. This Essay
was received with great apphTuse.
"Of this celebrated work, so long before the public, which now
forms a text-book in liberal education, and one of i-efereuce in our
universities, little more need be said, than that it is perfectly ori-
ginal in the execution and design. Longinus, indeed, had written
on the sublime, and Addison partially on grandeur and beauty,
but neither of them profoundly nor distinctly: they exemplify
and illustrate rather than analyze, or dive to the sources of those
impressions on the mind; and they even confound the sublime
with the beautiful, on many occasions. But Mr. Burke's book
marks the line between them so distinctly, as that they cannot be
mistaken: he investigates the constituents and appearances of
each scientifically, and illustrates his views with great happiness."
—Prior.
"We have an example of true criticism in Burke's Essay on the
Sublime and Beautiful." — Dr. Johnson.
"Though we think the author mistaken in many of his funda-
mental principles, and also in his deductions from them, yet we
must say we have read his book with pieasiire. He has certainly
employed much thinking : there are many ingenious and elegant
remarks, which, though they do not enforce or improve his first
position, yet, considering them detached from his system, they are
new and just. And we cannot dismiss this article without recom-
mending a perusal of the book to all our readers, as we think they
will be recompensed by a great deal of sentiment, a perspicuous,
elegant, and harmonious style, in many passages both sublime and
beautiful." — Arthur Murphy.
Lord Jeffrey entirely dissents from the theory pro-
pounded by Mr. Burke :
"His explanation is founded upon a species of materialism, —
not much to have been expected from the general character of his
genius, or the strain of his other speculations, — for it resolves en-
tirely into this, that .ill ob.iects appear beautiful which have the
power of producing a peculiar relaxation of our nerves and fibres,
and thus induf'Lng a certain degree of bodily languor and sinking.
Of all the suppositions that hftve been at any time hazarded to
explain tho phenomena of beauty, thi.s. we think, is tha mostim-
19
BUR
fortunate, and the most weakly supported. There is no philosophy
in the doctrine; and the fuudamental assumption is in every way
contradicted by the most familiar experience. There is no relax-
ation of the fibres in the perception of beauty, and there is no
pleasure iu the relaxation of the fibres. If there were, it would
follow that a warm bath would be by far the most beautiful thing
in the world, and that the brilliant lights and bracing airs of a
fine autumn morning would be the very reverse of beautiful. Ac-
cordingly, though the treatise alluded to will always be valuable
on account of the many fine and just remarks it contains, we are
not aware th.at there is any accurate inquirer into the subject,
(with the exception perhaps of Mr. Price, in whose hands, however,
the doctrine assumes a new character.) by whom the fundamental
principles of the theory has not been explicitly abandoned." —
Article " Beauty'^ in Encyc. Brit.; Jeffrey's MiscdtanifS.
Whatever may be thought of the correctness of Mr.
Burke's theory, the practical value of his treatise to him-
self Is not to be disputed, for it at once secured him the
acquaintance of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dr. Samuel Johnson,
and other literary celebrities, whose congenial friendship
formed no small portion of the happiness of his future life.
In June, 1758, appeared the first number of the Annual
Register, which, with the usual longevity attaehing to
successful English periodicals, is published to the j^resent
day. This review of the civil, political, and literary trans-
actions of the times, is said to have been suggested to
Dodsley, the publisher, by Burke. He conducted it for
many years, and when no longer holding the pen himself,
directed that of Mr. Irehind, his substitute.
Professor Smyth, in his lectures upon the American
War, (one of tlie exciting^ topics which came under tho
notice of this periodical,) after recommending a number
of publications of the day, remarks:
" They who are not at leisure to examine these books and pam-
phlets, will find the volumes of the Annu.il Register an excellent
substitute for them all. They contain, in the most concise form,
the most able, impartial, and authentic history of the disyiute
which can be found. The account is understood to have been
drawn up by Burke, and if so, (and there is no doubt of it,) the
arguments on each side are displayed with an impartiality which
is quite admirable." — Lectures on Modern Histiny.
The health of the young author requiring relaxation, and
the care of a judicious adviser ; his friend and countryman,
Dr. Christopher Nugent, an excellent physician, invited
him to take up his residence in his own hospitable man-
sion, that he might be the better able to study his case,
and administer to his medical wants. The good doctor
had a lovely and most amiable daughter; — the rest may
be readily imagined: the patient ventured to prescribe
for himself — the di.sease having reached the heart, and re-
quiring prompt measures — and in 1757 Mi.ss Jane Mary
Nugent became Mrs. Edmund Burke. The eulogy of this
estimable woman may be written in one sentence of her
husband's; he declared that amid all the trials, the con-
flicts, and the disappointments of political life, "every
care vanished the moment he entered under his own roof."
She who can thus convert her husband's "castle" into a
palace of pleasure and "bower of delights," finds her
priceless reward where she seeks it, iu the afTcctiun of her
hu.sband ; and in the present case, what higher himour
could be coveted and acquired which could add aught of
dignity to the proud title of — the wife of Edmund Burke!
Two sons were the result of this happy union; Richard,
who died unmarried in 1794, and Christopher, who was
called away whilst yet an infant. It may be proper to
mention here, that the present lineal representative of Mr.
Burke's branch of his family is Thomas Haviland Burke,
Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, grand-nephew to Edmund Burke,
and son of Lieut. Col. Thomas Haviland, by Mary French,
daughter of Juliana Burke. In April, 1757, was pulilished
by Dodsley, An Account of the European Settlements in
America, 2 vols. 8vo. Notwithstanding the many doubts
expressed as to the authority of this work, we have no
hesitation in ascribing it chiefly, if not wholly, to our
author. Whilst it is admitted that the receipt for the
copyright in his handwriting does not conclusively settle
the question, yet tho internal evidence of style is too
strong to be easily resisted. That William and Richard
Burke may have contributed to its pages is not improbable.
Dngald Stewart commends it as a masterly sketch, and
Abbe Raynal has proved his admiration by the free use
which he has made of it in his history of The Revolution
of America, 1780.
"It is, in many parts, masterly; the reflections just, and often
original, but paraded, perhaps, too formally and frequently before
the reader, so as sometimes to interfere with the facts, or alui'ist to
supersede them. The style is what may be tt^rmed ambitious ;
aiming at depth, terseness, and brevity, yet too frequently be-
traying the effort." — Prior.
"And now I must allude, in a few words, to a celebrated and
somewhat singular work, of which the title is. 'An .\ccount of the
European Settlements in America.' I would recommi'nd the pe-
rusal of this work before the details I have proposed |thp perusai
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of the Histories of Robertson. Raynal. and ivrarpliall] have been
gone throu^'h: that is. I wnuld recummen<j the perus.il of it twice.
It may be a map of the subject in the first instance, and a sum-
mary in the second."'— /*/■/>/■. .Smyth's I^Huies on Mnderji I/iylorj/.
The EKsay towards an Abrid.t^ment of the English His-
tory, was pub. by Dndsley in 1757. Only eight .sheets
were issued, as the author abandoned the design, probably
from hearing that Hume had taken the same subject in
hand. Burke's Abridgment possesses no little merit, and
it is deeply to be lamented that he did not pursue his in-
tended plan.
" It displays a spirit of clope research into the earlier history of
our island, not exceeded, perhaps not equalled, bv works of much
greater pretensions, and with more anti.|uarian "knnwled^'e than
could possibly be expected. . . . The style differs from that of the
* European Settlements" in aiming at less of point and effect, but
possesses simplicity and perspicuity. On the whole, it is, perhaps,
the best abstract of that remote period we possess, without any
admixture of the fabulous stories so common to the ti^e ; and to
youth it will be found particularly instructive." — Prior.
In 1759 the Earl of Charl'emont introduced Burke to
William Gerard Hamilton, more familiarly styled Single-
Speech Hamilton,
*• Mho after a few able efforts in the House of Commons, gained
more celebrity by afterwards keeping his tongue still, than many
others by the most determined volubility."
In 1761 Hamilton accompanied Lord Halifax (appointed
Lord-Lieutenant) to Ireland, and took Burke with him as
his privat* secretary. Mr. Hamilton held the high official
position of a Lord of Trade, and had diligently laboured
to acquire that knowledge of tlie philosophy of commerce
and principles of agriculture, which alone could render
the discharge of his duties honourable to himself and use-
ful to others. But a few conversations with his young
secretary convinced him that, in future conferences, the
master must consent to be scholar, rather than aspire to
the post of instructor. The following remarks, extracted
from the preface to the Thoughts and Details on Scarcity,
presented by Mr. Burke to the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, are
not without interest in this connection :
" Agriculture, and the commerce connected with and dependent
upon it, form one of the most considerable branches of political
economy; and as such, Mr. Burke diligently studied them. In-
deed, when hebeg.an toqualify himself for the exalted rank which
he afterwards held among statesmen, he laid a broad and deep
foundation: and to an accurate research into the con.stitution.
the laws, the civil and military history of these kingdoms, he
joined an enlightened acquaintance with the whole circle of our
commercial system. On his first introduction, when a young
man. to the late Mr. Gerard Hamilton, who was then a Lord of
Trade, the latter ingenuously confessed to a friend still living,
how sensibly he felt his own inferioiity, much as he bad endeji-
voured to inform himself, and aided as he was by official docu-
ments inaccessible to any private person. He was also consulted,
and the greatest deference was paid to his opinions, by Dr. Adam
r^mifh. in the progress of the celebrated work on the "Wealth of
Nations."
In this station, his first public employment. Burke proved
very serviceable, and in 1763 was rewarded with a pension
of £300 per annum on the Irish list. This pension he
voluntarily relinquished in 17(i4. on the occasion of a dis-
agreement with Hamilton, the particulars of which are
well known. In 1765 occurred an event which decided
the future course of Burke's life, an<l introduced him to
that seat in the national councils from which he so long
instructed his countrymen by his wisdom, and astonished
the world by the brilliancy of his genius. Mr. Fitzherbert
recommended him to the Marquis of Rockingham, the
leader of the Whigs in power, as a fit person for his pri-
vate secretary, and his lordship appointed him to the post
one week after he himself had been called to the head of
the treasury. A cordial friendship sprung up between the
marquis and his secretary, which continued unbroken until
the death of the former in 17S2. In 17fi6 Mr. Burke took
his seat in Parliament as member for Wendover, a borough
belonging to Lord Verncy.
" It may be safely said that probably no man had ever entered
Parliament so well trained and accomplished by previous acquire-
ments, and by intellectual discipline."
It is not a little remarkable that on the very first day
on which he took his seat, he astonished the assembled
wi.sdom of the House with a burst of eloquence which
elicited the warm commendations of the celebrated Wil-
liam Pitt, afterwards Earl of Chatham. He remarked that
"The young member had proved a very able advocate; he had
himself intended to enter at length into 'the details, but he had
been anticipated with so much ingenuity and eloquence, that there
was little left for him to s.ay : he congratulated him on his success,
and his fi'iends on the value of the actiuisition they had made."
His friends, who had been his delighted auditors in the
gallery, crowded around him — the faithful Arthur Murphy
among them, almost beside himself with joy — as ho
emerged from tho House, and congratulated him upon his
brilliant success. The good news travelled fast, and soon
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' gladdened " The Literary Club," of which Burke was the
' most brilliant ornament. One of the members, whose va-
I nity'had been wounded by being foiled in a controversy
with Burke, expressed some surprise at the proud position
before the country which the great orator had so suddenly
assumed. This unworthy sneer was too much for the equa-
nimity of the gruff yet warm-hearted author of Rasselas;
he turned to the oflTender, and with bent brow vociferated:
" Sir. there is no wonder at all ! We, who know Mr. Burke, know
that he will be one of the first men in the countn,' !"
The delighted lexicographer seized his pen, and wrote
to Langton :
'■ Burke has gained more reputation than perhaps any man at
bis first appearance ever gained before. He made two speeches in
the House for repealing the Stamp Act. which were publicly com-
mended by Mr. Pitt, and have filled the town with wondeV. . . .
Burke is a great man by nature, and is expected soon to attain
civil greatness."
We shall have occasion hereafter to make some further
quotations from Johnson's many attestations to the extra-
ordinary genius of his friend.
We have now seen Mr Burke fairly launched in public
life, in which he continued until within three years of his
death — his last appearance in the House of Commons oc-
curring June 20th. 1794 — and it is inconsistent with the
plan of our work to enter into any detailed history of his
political labours. These form an important part of the
history of his country for a quarter of a century. Some
of the principal we shall have occasion to refer to here-
after. We now proceed to notice some of the most im-
portant of Mr. Burke's publications. The edition of his
Works and Correspondence, pub. by F. & J. Rivington,
Lon., 1852, in 8 vols. Svo, contains tho whole of the 20
volumes previously published. A Short Account of a late
short Administration, 1766. This, the author's first poli-
tical pamphlet, is an exposition of the twelve months'
administration of the Rockingham ministry. It was anony-
mous.
Observations on a lat« Publication entitled The Present
State of the Nation, 1769. The Present State, &q. was
the production of Mr. Grenville, or his former secretary,
Mr. Knox.
'• Mr. Burke fairly convicts his opponent of inconclusive reason-
ing, of inaccuracy in many parts of his subject, and of ignorance
as to facts and details on the great principles of commerce and
revenue, on which Mr. Grenville particularly plumed himself," —
Prior.
The 5th edit, of this pamphlet was published in 1782.
Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, 1773.
Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, 1777. This was a vindi-
cation of his line of conduct on the American Question.
His Thirteen Propositions for ((uieting the troubles in
America, had been submitted in March, 1775. His power-
ful advocacy of Colonial interests strengthened the heart
and nerved the arm of the American patriots, and his
exertions on their liehalf were rewarded by a nation's gra-
titude. As early as 1771 the State of New York had ap-
pointed Mr. Burke its agent, an office which added some
£700 per annum to his income. Reflections on the Revo-
lution in France, 1790, in a Letter to a French gentleman.
This work was translated into French by M. Bupont, and
at once took a strong hold of the public mind of Europe.
It was elaborated with great care, more than a dozen proofs
being worked off and destroyed before the classical taste
of the author was satisfied. Within the first year about
19,000 copies were sold in England, and about 13,000 in
France. The first demand continued in England until
30,000 copies were absorbed : and some experienced book-
sellers have declared that the sale was greater than of any
preceding book whatever of the same price, (5 shillings.)
It has been remarked that perhaps no writer was ever be-
fore so complimented. Tho Sovereigns assembled at Pil-
nitz — the Emperor of Germany being of the number —
the Princes of France, the Empress of Ru??ia, and the
King of England, hastened to honour that genius which
dignified human nature and would have ennolded the low-
est of the race. George of England — with all his faults,
one of the best kings who ever sat upon the British throne
— personally distributed the work he so much admired,
with the emphatic commendation that it was "a book
which every gentleman ought to read."
Stanislaus of Poland sent the author his likeness on a
gold medal, with a letter written in English, " deeming
that language the most copious and energetic to convey
the high sense which he entertained of his patriotism and
talents."
Tho venerable seats of that priceless learning which
jireserves the records of the experience of the past, that it
may be converted to the wisdom of the future, vied with
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each other in thoir expressions of esteem for '* the powerful
advocate of the constitution, the friend of puldie order,
virtue, and the happiness of mankind." The Doctors of
Trinity College, Dublin, famed for profound indoctrina-
tion in the beauties and subtilties of the hmf^uage of Cicero
and Horace, reverentially laid their tribute at the feet of
a master whose eloquence as much exceeded the loftiest
strains of the one as his withering exposure of the crimes
of an insane Democracy surpassed the biting satire of the
other. The resident graduates of the University of Ox-
ford— which from the time of Alfred has opened her gates
to send forth, for the instruction of mankind, teachers pro-
foundly versed in sacred and classic lore — presented their
admiring acknowledgments to the champion who had so
eloquently and ably defended those principles for the ad-
vancement of wliich it was their province to labour. The
reverend dignitaries of the Churches of England and
France pronounced their benedictions upon one who, in an
age of infidelity, exalted the inspiration of the written
word, and pninted to the Cross of the Redeemer as the
only infallible refuge for man amidst the calamities and
disorders of a fallen world. AYho indeed can peruse the
Reflections without admiration of the genius, even if he
question some of the sentiments, of the gifted author?
The publication of opinions so hostile to the English
sympathizers with the French Revolutionists — soon regi-
cides— produced confusion in their ranks, and hastened that
separation between Buike and Fox which sooner or later
seemed inevitable. On the 6th of May of the next year,
occurred that memorable scene — the rupture between these
distinguished men — to the pathos an<l interest of which
neither pen nor pencil can do justice. The subject before
the House was the Canada Bill, and Mr. Burke opened the
debate. Previous to the recess, Mr. Fox had, by implica-
tion, thrown out a challenge to Burke to discuss the vexed
question of the French Revolution. Mr. Burke had no
opportunity to reply before the next meeting of the House.
In his opening speech he adverted to it. but was immedi-
ately called to order by Mr. Fox, as touching on forbidden
grounds. Mr. Burke, surprised by this rudeness, attempted
a reply, but was again and again interrupted by Fox, with
whom others now joined, and Burke listened with asto-
nishment and mortiiication whilst the late friend of his
bosom assailed him with the bitterest irony and keenest
invective, only miide the more poignant by professions of
unbounded admiration of his genius and abilities. Mr.
Burke at length was allowed an opportunity to reply. He
rose amidst prof<nmd silence, for there was something in
that unriitHed brow, something in that eye, and in the tones
of that eloquent voice which had so long " taught senators
wisdom," and under whose rebuke the proudest nobles of
the land had often stood abashed — something there was
which told every beating heart that this would be a day
long to be remembered by the Commons of England. He
complained of " being treated with harshness and malig-
nity, for which the motive seemed unaccountable : — of be-
ing personally attacked from a quarter where he least ex-
pected it, after an intimacy of more than twenty-two years ;
of his public sentiments and writings being garbled, and
his confidential communications violated, to give colour to
an unjust charge; and that though at his time of life it
was obviously indiscreet to provoke enemies, or to lose
friends, as he could not hope for the opportunity necessary
to acquire others, yet if his steady adherence to the British
constitution placed him in such a dilemma, he would risk
all, and as public duty and public prudence taught him,
with bis last breath, exclaim. 'Fly from the French con-
stitution.'" Mr. Fox was alarmed at the consequences of
his indiscretion ; he whispered to the friend who had long
loved and borne with him, ** There is no loss of friend-
ship !" '' Yes, there is !" replied Burke ; " I know the price
of my conduct! I have indeed made a great sacrifice : I
have done my duty, though I have lost my friend !" A
painful scene now ensued. Fox rose in groat agitation. He
trembled at the results of his folly; and felt that his pu-
nishment was more than he could bear. In vain he essayed
to speak, and he stood the picture of contrition before the
House, until at last nature found relief in tears. He turned
to the friend whose feelings he had so deeply outraged —
that friend, too, one of the noblest of his kind : he con-
jured him in the most pathetic terms — by "the remem-
brance of their past attachment — their unalienable friend-
ship— their reciprocal affection, as dear and almost as
binding as the ties of nature between father and son, — he
conjured him to revoke his renunciation and forget the
past!" But. unfortunately, after all this burst of grief
and affection, foolishly — unaccountably — for some demon
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seemed to have entered into Fox that unhappy day — he
again gave loose to the frenzy wliich appeared to actuate
him — and again and again offended. The breach was
never healed.
In 179-4 Mr. Burke was struck to the earth by a blow
which robbed life of its attractions, and rendered him in-
different to the trappings of rank with which his sovereign
had purposed to honour his declining years. In the spring
of that year he had followed his only and beloved brother
to the grave, and before autumn had changed the foliage
of the woods, his son, an only son, was called to the "nar-
row house appointed for all living," Young Burke had
accepted a post in Ireland, but
" lie was sinking into consumption. ;iiid his physicians detained
him tVnm his duties; not diu-injj;, howevyr, to apprize his father of
tht' il.m^'tT. for they knt.'w that, like the patriarch of old, ' his life
was iMiiiud up in the lad's Hfe.' and were convinced that a know-
h-iV^r- of till- truth would prove fatal to him sooner than to his son.
lit' was. thtit-fore. kHjit in ignorance until a week before the clos-
injj; scein'. and from that time until all was over, ' he slept not, he
scarcely tasted food, or ceased from the most affecting lamenta-
tions.' The last moments of young Uurke present one of those
striking cases in which nature seems to rally all her powers at the
approach of dissolution, as the taper often tmrus bri^'htest in the
act of going out. Ilis father was waiting liis d.'iiartur.- in an ad-
joining room, (for he was unable to bear thi- si^lif.) whrn hp rose
froDi his bed. dressed himself completely, and leaning un his nurse,
entered the room where he was sitting. ' Speak to me, my dear fa-
ther,' snid lie. as he saw him bowed to the earth under the ]>oignancy
of his grief. " I am in no terror; I feel myself better and in spirits;
yet my heart flutters. I know not why ! Pray talk to me — of reli-
gion—of morality—of inditTerent .subjects.' Then, returning to
his room, he exclaimed, 'What noise is that? Does it rain?' • No;
it is the rustling of the wind in the trees.' The invalid then broke
out at once with a clear, sweet voice in that lit-autiful passage (the
favourite lines of his father) from the Morning Hymn in Milton:
' Ilis praise, ye winds, that from four quarters blow,
Breathe sol^t or loud; and wave your tops, ye pines,
"With every plant, in sign of worship, wave!'
" He began again and again, repeated them with the same ten-
derness and fervour, bowing his head as in the act of worship, and
then sank into the arms of his parents, as in a profound and
sw.-et sleep. It «^>u]d be too painful to dwell on scenes that fol-
lowed, until the father laid all that nmained to him of his child
beneath the Beaconsfield Church- adjoining his estate. From that
hour he never looked, if he could avoid it. toward that church!
Eishteen months after, when he had somewhat recovered his com-
posure, he thus adverted to his loss in his celebrated Letter to a
^■oble Lord : ' The storm has gone over me, and I lie like one of
those old oaks which the late hurricane has scattered around me.
1 am stripped of all my honours: I am torn up by the roots, and
lie prostrate to the earth! There. and prostrate there, I must un-
feignedly recognise the divine justice, and in some degree submit
to it. . . . 1 am alfme ! I have tume to nieii my memie-s in the gate? "
See Dr. French Laurence's Letter to Mrs. Haviland.
It is hardly necessary at this day to do more than briefly
notice the alleged identity of Mr. Burke with the author
of the Letters of Junius. At one time it was generally
believed that he was the author, and Mr. Roche made out
so strong a case in his Inquiry that even the quick-witted
Anti-Jacobin Review was completely convinced, as the
following verdict testifies:
■' We feel it our duty before we enter into any particulars re-
specting this work, to declare, that i7 haa fiillj/ com-ivced us of the
truth which it is intendrd to establish ;— that the Letters i if .Ju-
nius were written by the I!iglit IloiHmrablo Kdmund Lurke. Mr.
Roche has. indeed, brought to^'cther such a body of evidence, in-
ternal, direct, and circumstantial, as must eventually settle this
interesting and long-disputed question."
We shall not be expected to give any opinion upon a
point on which most literary men have their own theory.
The matter will be adverted to again in our notice of Sir
PniLii' Francis. That Mr. Burke at least knew who the
author was. we have good reason to believe, — hut he "died
and made no sign." We know an English gentleman who
protests that he possesses the secret, and he may reveal
something further.
Of all those speeches by which he acquired such renown,
Mr. Burke prepared the following only for the press: L
On American Taxation ; delivered April 9, 1774. 2. On
Conciliation with America: March 22, 1775. 3. On Eco-
nomical Reform: Feb. 20. 1780. 4. At Bristol, previous
to the Election: September fi, 17S0. 5. On Declining the
Election at Bristol : September 9, 17^0. 6. On the East
India Bill of Mr. Fox; December 1, 1783. 7. On the
Nabob of Arcot's Debts. Feb. 28, 1785. All of these, with
the exception of that On Economical Reform, will be
found in the Rev. Dr. Chauncey A. Goodrich's Select Bri-
tish Eloquence, where the reader may also peruse an ad-
mirahle analysis of Mr. Burke's characteristics as an au-
thor and an orator. The great speech of July 16, 1794,
On the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Mr, Burke
never prepared for the press. Mr. Macaulay has sketched
the august spectacle of that day in colours but little less
vivid than those which exposed the gigantic wickedness
291
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of the late Governor-General of India. He also does jus-
tice to the purity of motive and laudable philanthropy
which actuated Burke in this prosecution, and properly
rebukes the disreputable attempt of the reverend biogra-
pher (Gleig) of Hastings to impute petty malice to a mind
too noble to harbour such an unworthy tenant. Of all the
flattering portrait-painters of the age. perhaps the most
successful in converting defirmity into beauty are Mr.
Basil Montagu, Sir John Malcolm, and the Rev. Dr. Gleig:
see portraits of Bacon, Clive. and Hastings, as sketched
by these great masters. We shall now, in justice to the
illustrious subject of our notice, and that we may not be
suspected of extravagance in the eulogies for which we
are personally responsible, quote from the recorded opinion
of a number of his contemporaries and successors :
'• There never was .1 more beautiful alliance between virtue and
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chivalrv : and 1 can almost forgive bis reverence for church estab-
"lifb-uients/— i-^T'^ARD Gibbon. _
" ■\Vbea he has roused us with the thunders of his eloquence,
ho can at once. Tiinotheus-like. choose a melancholy theme, and
melt us into pitv : there is grace in his an^er. for he can inveigh
without vulgarity ; he can modulate the strongest burst of pas-
sion, for even in his madness there is music."— Cu.mbekland.
"That volume of voice, that superabundant richness and fer-
tility of fancy, that vast grasp and range of mind, which Mr.
Burke possessed beyond all created beings."
On one occasion Mr. Shackleton, after listening to some
of Burke's conversational eloquence, remarked aside to the
orator's sou, " He is the greatest man of the age." *' He is,"
replied the son, with filial enthusiasm, *'the greatest man
of any age !" It is to be here observed that Burke, with
that remarkable modesty which so eminently distinguished
him, and which prevented bis making a collection of his
writings, considered his son's talents as far superior to his
talents. All his conceptions were kind, all his sentiments gene- | q^^_ Wilherforce remarked
rous. . . . The sublimest talents, the greatest and rarest virtues
that the beneficence of Providence ever concentrated in a single
character for the benefit of mankind. But Mr. Burke was too su-
perior to the age in which he lived. His prophetic genius only
astonished the nation which it ought to have governed." — M.
CazaiJs.
" I do not reckon it amongst the least calamities of the times,
certainly not among those that affect me le.ast. that the world has
now lost Mr. Burke. Oh 1 how much may we rue that his counsels
were uut followed. Oh 1 how exa,ctly do we see verified all that he
has predicted !"—WiNDnAM.
" He must again repeat that all he ever knew of men, that all
he ever read in books, that all his reasoning faculties informed
him of, or his fitncy suggested to him. did not impart that exalted
knowledice. that superior information, which he had acquired
from the lessons of his right honourable friend. To him he owed
all his fame, if fame he had any. And if he (Mr. Fox) should
now, or at any time, prevail over him in discussion, he could ac-
knowledge his gratitude for the capability and pride of the con-
quest in telling him ' Hoc ipsum quod vincit id est tuum.'" — Mr.
Fox's Sj^efch in the House of Commons on the occasion of his rupture
witii Mr. Burke.
At the moment of proposing Mr. Burke's interment in
Westminster Abbey, he again repeated the same acknow-
ledgments in terms which, in the words of a member in
attendance, "drew tears from every one present who had
any feelings at all, or could sympathize in the excellence
of the great genius before them, or with the still greater
excellence of the genius who had departed."
'■ Burke understands every thing but gaming and music. In
the House of Commons I sometimes think him only the second
man in England ; out of it he is always the first."— Gerard Ha-
milton.
" The admiration, nay astonishment, with which I so often list-
ened to Mr. Burke, gave an interest to every spot connected with
his memory, and forcibly brouubt to my recollection the profun-
dity and extent of bis knowledge, while the energy, warmth, a
, and
beauty of his imagery, captured the heart, and made the judgment
tributary to the will. As an oi-ator he surpassed all his contem-
poraries, and was perhaps never exceeded." — Curwen.
Another contemporary remarks :
*'The political knowledge of Mr. Burke might be considered al-
most as an Encyclopaedia: every man who approached him re-
ceived instruction from his stores."
One who generally opposed him in politics acknowledges
that
'■ Learning waited upon him as a handmaid, presenting to his
choice all that antiquity had culled or invented; he often seemed
to be oppressed under the load and variety of his intellectual (rea-
Bures. Every power of oratory was wielded by him in turn; for
he could be during the same evening pathetic and humorous,
acrimonious and conciliating; now giving a loose to his indigna-
tion and severity, and then, almost in the same breath, calling to
his assistance ridicule, wit, and mockery."
Another political opponent remarks :
" As an orator, notwithstanding some defects, he stands almost
unrivalled. No man was better calculated to arouse the dormant
passions, to call forth the glowing affections of the human heart,
and to ' harrow up' the inmost recesses of the soul. Venality and
meanness stood appalled in his presence; he who was dead to the
feelings of his own conscience was still alive to his animated re-
proaches; and corruption for a while became alarmed at the ter-
rors of his countenance.''
" His learning is so various and extensive that we might praise
It for its range and compass, weie it not still more praiseworthy
for its solidity and depth. His imagination is so lively and so crea-
tive, that he may justly be called the child of fancy : and, there-
fore, his enemies, for even he is not without them, would persuade
us that his fancy overbears his judgment. . . . His grand charac-
teristic is genius, and his ruling faculty is judgment. . . . ^Vhilst
he persuades as an orator, he instructs as a philosopher." — Hev.
TnoMAS Campbell, author nf the History of hdond.
" Of his talents and acquirements in general, it is unnecessary
to speak. They were long the glory of his country and the admi-
ration of Europe; they might have been (bad it consisted with the
inscrutable counsels of Pivine Providence) the salvation of both.
If not the most accomplished orator, yet the most eloquent man
of his age. perhaps second to none in any age, he had still more
wisdom than eloquence. He diligently collected it from the wise
of all ages; but what he had so obtained he enriched from the
vast treasury of his own observation." — Dr. French Laurence.
"I admire bis eloquence; I approve his politics; I adore his
292
His eloquence had always attracted, his imagination continu-
allv charmed, his reasonings often convinced, him. Of his head
and his heart, of his abilities and of bis humanity, of his rectitude
and perseverance, no man could entertain a higher opinion than
he did."
" ^Vhen the public mind was darkened that it could not discern,
when in every quarter of the heaven appeared vapour and mist and
cloud and exhalation, at this very hour the morning horizon be-
gan suddenly to redden : it was the dawn. Then, indeed,
' First in his east the glorious lamp was seen,
Begent of day!'
That luminary was EDT^itiND Burke. ... I would record in lasting
characters, and in our holie.st and most honourable temple, the de-
parted Oratiir of Kntrland. the Statesman and the Christian, Kd-
MCND Burke. Kemiineratio ^us Cum Altissimol"— /^rirmts of
Literntuni.
'■ The name of Burke will be remembered with admiration when
those of Pitt and Fox will he comparatively forgotten."— Lord
Thurlow.
'•Let me speak what my mind prompts of the eloquence of
Burke; of Burke, by whose sweetness Athens herself would have
been soothed, with whose amplitude and exuberance she would
have been enraptured, and on whose lips that prolific mother of
genius and science would have adored, confessed, the Goddess of
Persuasion Who is there among men of eloquence or learning
more profoundly versed in every branch of science? Who is there
that bus cultivated philosophy ,'the parent of all that is illustrious
in literatuie or expkiit. with more felicitous success? . . Who is
there that cnnil>ines the charm of invisible grace and urbanity with
such magnificent and boundless expansion?"— Dr. Paer. See these
opinions and others in Prior's Life of Burke.
In conversation Burke was as unrivalled as in oratory.
Johnson was the first man in the literary circles of London
when Burke was absent, but he knew himself to be only
second in the presence of Burke. It was a " striking spec-
tacle to see one so proud and stubborn, who had for years
been accustomed to give forth his iHcta with the authority
of an oracle, submit to contradiction from a youth of
twenty-seven. But though Johnson diflered from Burke
in politics, he always did him justice. He spoke of him
from the first in terms of the highest respecL" He re-
marked to Boswell :
" ' I do not grudge Burke's being the first man in the House of
Commons, for he is the first everywhere.' ' Burke,' he remarked
upon another occasion, * is an extraordinary man. His stream of
talk is perpetual; and he does not talk from any desire of distinc-
tion, but because his mind is full. ... He is the only man whoso
common conversation corresponds with the general fame which
he has in the world. Take him up where you please, he is ready
to meet you. ... No man of sense could meet Burke by accident
under a gateway, to avoid a shower, without being convinced that
he was the first man in England."
"A striking confirmation of this remark occurred some years
after, when Mr. Burke was passing thntugh Lichfield, the birth-
place of Johnson. Wishing to see the Catheilral. during the change
of horses, he stepped into the building, and was met by one of the
clergy of the pl.ace, who kindly offered to point out the principal
objects of curiosity. A conversation ensued, but in a few moments
the clergyman's pride of local information was completely subdued
by the copious and intricate knowledge displayed by the stranger.
Whatever topic the objects before them suggested, whether the
theme was architecture or antiquities, some obscure passage in
ecclesiastical history, or some question respecting the life of a saint,
he touched it as with a sunbeam. His information appeared uni-
versal; his mild, clear intellect, without one particle of ignorance.
A few minutes after their separation, the clergyman was met hur-
rying through the street. - 1 have had.' said he, ' quite an adven-
ture. I have been conversing for this half hour past with a man
of the most extraordinary powers of mind and extent of informa-
tion which it has ever been my fortune to meet with; and I am
now going to the inn to ascertain, if possible, who this stranger
is.' Johnson considered that he would have excited as much won-
der in much lower company. ' If he should go into a stable, and
talk a few minutes with the hostlers about horses, they would
venerate him as the wisest of human beings. They would say.
We bavehad an exti-aordinary man here.' . . . In speaking of Mr.
Burke's social hours, the late Mr. Grattan observed to several
friends, that be was the greatest man in conversation he had met
with. A nobleman who was present fLord C.) inqnii-ed whether
he did not think Curran on some occasions greater. ' No. my Lord.*
wasthereplv; 'Curran indeed had much wit: but Burke had wit
too. and. in addition to wit, boundless stores of wisdom and know-
, ledge.'"
BUR
BUR
When some one eulogized Johnson's powers of conver-
sation, "But," replied Goldsmith, "is he like Burke, who
winds luU) his subject like a serpent?"
It is worth noticing here that Mr. Burke himself consi-
dered Mrs. Anne Pitt, sister of the minister at the head of
the cabinet, as " the most perfectly eloquent person he ever
heard speak. He lamented not having committed to paper
one particular conversation in which the richness and va-
riety of her discourse quite astonished him." We hope
that our readers will appreciate the gallantry which causes
us to introduce this anecdote.
'• It would notbf difticulttuinultiply evidences of the vast stores
of knowledi,'e which Mr. Burke seems to have always had on hand
ready for use at a monjent's notice. On one occasion he dined with
a party, where he met with an ecclesiastical dignitary who surprised
the company by stjirting 'subjects of conversation so abstruse or
unusual. th;it f«w of his hearers felt inclined or qualified to accom-
pany bim.' Mr. Burke said nothing for some time; but when the
gentleman committed an error in his detail of some of the opei-a-
tionsof Caesar in Britain, he immediat^-ly corrected him: the clergy-
man bowed without making any reply. He then brought up for
discussion the merits of some obscure Latin authors, and was giv-
ing a quotation, when Mr. Burke reminded him that he had not
rendered properly two or three words of the sentence. Again he
introduced to the notice of the company a description of a rare old
volume, 'containing some curious geographical details.' Here at
least he was safe from the formidable critic ! Not at all : Mr. Burke
took the subject out of his hands, and commented on it as if it had
been an everyday matter.
" At the conclusion of the evening Mr. Richards and the Arch-
deacon walked home together. ' Sir.' observed the former. ' I ad-
mired your patience when so repeatedly, and I dare say, unneces-
sarily, interrupted by Mr. Burke; for, from the nature of your
studies, you mustbea more competent judge of such matters than
the bustle of politics can permit him to be.' 'Mr. Burke was never-
theless right, and I was wrong.' replied the Archdeacon : ' nay
more; T confess T went previously prepared to .speak on these sul>-
jects, for knowing that I was to meet him, and hearing that he
was acquaintt^d with almost every thing, I had determined to put
his knowledge to the test, and fir this purpose had spent much
of the morning in my study. Jly memory, however, has been
more treacherous than I had imagined.'"
If the mere perusal of Burke's speeches affect us so
powerfully, what must have been the emotions of his audi-
tory! The Duke de Levis heard one of his philippics
against the French Revolution, and he declares that
" This extraordinary man seemed to raise and queil the passions
of his auditory with as much ease and as rapidly as a skilful mu-
sician passes into the various modulations of his harpsiiln.rd. I
have witnessed many, too many, political assemlilages. and strik-
ing scenes, where eloquence performed a noble part, but the whnle
Of them appear insipid when compjtrcd with this amazing effort."
When he painted the cruelties of Debi Sing in his speech
on the impeachment of ^Varreu Hastings, the writer of the
History of the Trial tells us
" In this part of his speech Mr. Burke's descriptions were more
vivid, more harrowing, and more horrific, than human utterance,
or either tact or fancy, perhaps ever formed befure. The agitation
of most people was very apparent: Mrs. Sheridan was so overpow-
ered that she fainted : several others weire as powerfully affected."
Mrs. Siddons is said to have been one of the number
thus overcome by a mightier eloquence than any known to
the stage.
The " flinty chancellor," Lord Thurlow, albeit unused to
the melting mood, was so visibly affected, that "iron tear.s
down Pluto's cheek" was very near to being something more
than a simile of the orator's.
" In his address to the Peers, some days afterwards, he concluded
a handsome eulogium on the speech, by oliserving that their ' Lord-
ships all knew the effect ujKin the auditors, many of whom had
not to that moment, and perhaps never would, recover from the
shock it had occasioned.'"
" The testimony of the accused party himself is perhaps the
strongest ever borne to the powers of any speaker of any country.
• For half an hour.' said Mr. Hastings. ' I Icxiked up at the orator
in a reverie of wonder; and during that space I actually felt mj'-
self the most culpable man on earth:' adding, however. — 'but I
recurred to my own bosom, and there found a consciousness that
consoled me under all I heard and all I suffered.'" — Prior's Lift
of Burke.
Was there ever an instance of such exquisite hypocrisy,
or of such utter callousness of soul? But we leave this
moral phenomena for Dr. (lleig's anatomical powers. It
was enough to excite a momentary pang of remorse even
in the flinty heart of that man of blood and .spoils, to hear
himself thus most accurately depicted by the indignant
eloquence of the first orator in the world:
*' Therefore hath it with all confidence tteen ordered bv the Com-
mons of Gre.at }lritain. that I impeach Warren Hastings of high
crimes and misdemeanours!
"I Impeach him in the name of the Commons House of Parlia-
ment, whose trust he has betrayed !
" I impeach him in the name of the English nation, whose an-
cient hour jr he has sullied!
*'I impeach him in the name of the people of India, whose rights
he has trodden under foot, and whose country he has turned into
adesertl Lastly, in the name of human nature itself, in the
name of both sexes, in the name of every age. in the name of
every rank, I impeach the common enemy and oppressor of alll"
Well said Mr. Fox,
*' If we are no longer in shameful ignorance of India; if India
no longer makes us blush in the eyes of Kurope; let us know and
feel our obligations to him whose admirable resources of opinion
and affection — whose uutiring toil, sublime genius, and high as-
piring honour, raised him up conspicuous among the most liene-
ficent worthies of mankind!" — Speech oti the ImjieacJimait of War*
rcn Hastings.
Burke himself calls this great work— the arraignment
of Hastings — "that principal act which is to be the glory
or the shame of my whole public life." — Works, edit.
1852, ii. 309.
Sheridan's tribute to Burke is worthy of his genius :
" A gentleman whose abilitins. h;ippi!y tiir tb>' ^buy of the age
in which we live, are not intm^ted t<' ih.- peri~li;ible eloquence of
the day, but will live to be the admiiation of that hour when all
of us shall be mute, and most of us forgotten."
The distinguished .Schlegel is eloquent in his praise:
"This man has been to his own country and to all Europe — in
a very particular manner to Germany — a new light of political
wisdom and moral experience. He corrected his age when it was
at the height of its revolutionary fi-enzy ; and without maintain-
ing any system of philosophy-, he seems to have seen farther info
the true nature of society, and to have more clearly comprehended
the effect of religion in connecting individual security with na-
tional welfare, than any philosopher, or any system of philosophy,
of any succeeding age." — SchhgeVs Lfcturt's oh Literature.
Robert Hall, himself a great master of eloquence, touches
a loftier note than is usual even with him, when speaking
of Burke :
" ^^'ho can withstand the fescination and magic of his eloquence ?
The excursions of his genius are immense! His imperial fancy
has laid all nature under tribute, and has collected riches from
every scene of the creation and every walk of art !"
"The immortality of Burke is that which is common to Cicero
or to Bacon. — that which can never be interrupted while there ex-
ists the beauty of order or the love of virtue, and which can fearno
death except what barbarity may impose on the globe."— GR-^ttan.
Mr. Grattan may be charged with extravagance in plac-
ing Burke upon a par with Cicero and Bacon, but many
capable critics are not satisfied with this rank, aud assign
him a still higher place. Sir James Mackintosh hardly
allows to the great master of ancient eloquence, or to the
profound father of modern philosophy, an equality with
him who combined the excellencies of both ;
" Shakspeare and Burke are. if I may venture on the expression,
above talent. Burke was one of the lirst thinkers, as well as one
of the greatest orators, of his time. He is without parallel in any
age or country, except perhaps Lord Bacon or Cicero ; and hia works
corttain an ampler store nf political and mokal wisdom th.\n can bb
FOrXD IN ANY OTHER WRITER WOATEVER."
The reader must not fail to procure A Memoir of the
Political Life of the Bight Hon. E<lniund Burke, 2 vols,
p. 8vo, by the Rev. George Croly, LL.D., Rector of St.
Stephen's, Wallbro.ok, London.
*' We have quoted enough, and more than enough, to convince
the most skeptical of the originality, ekxiuence. and power of these
remarkable volumes. We regard them as a valuable contribution
to our national literature, as an effectual antidote to revolutionary
principles, and as a masterly analysis of the mind and writings of
the greatest philosopher aud statesman in our history." — The Bri-
tannia.
Mr. Warren thus warmly commends the political writ-
ings of our great author to the reverence of the student
at Law:
" The political writings of the illustrious Edmund Burke need
be mentioned, only, to vindicate their claim to the continual pe-
rusal— the earnest study, of all who are capable of appreciating
the display of profound wisdom, set forth in enchanting eloquence,
made contributory to the advancement of the permanent and
highest interests of mankind, and cajiable of indefinitely elevat-
ing and expanding the feelings and understanding — but vain Is
the task of attempting to do justice to writings upon which pane-
gyric has long ago exhausted itself Out of a thousand witnesses,
let us select the testimony of one only — one, however, who has a
paramount title to the attention and deference of that Bar, of
which he was one of the brightest ornaments — Lord Erskine.
'Among the characteristics of Lord Erskine's eloquence.' observes
the late accomplished Mr. Henry Koscoe, 'the perpetual illustra-
tions derived from the writings of Burke, is very remarkable. lu
every one of the great state trials in which he was concerned, he
referred to the works of that extraordinary person, as to a text-
book of political wisdom, — expounding, enforcing, and justifying.-
all the great and noble principles of freedom and justice.' Lord
Erskine himself has left on record his impressive testimony to the
.same effect: 'When I look into my own mind, and find its best
lights and principles fed from that immense magazine of moral
and political wisdom, which he has left as an inheritance to man-
kind for their instruction. I feel myself repelled by an awful and
grateful .sensibility from petulantly approaching him.'" — Wai-reri's
Law Sitidirs, Lfni.. 1845, l'2mo.
The following testimonies are of equal value :
"The writings of that eminent man whom posterity will regard
as the most eloquent of oi-ators. and the most profound of the phi-
losophic statesmen of modern times." — Sir Robert Peel.
'• The Speeches he made will be the subject of admiration for all
succeeding generations." — Lord Joun Hitssell.
"That great master of eloquence. Edmund Burke! ... in ap-
titude of comprehension and richness of imagination, superior to
every orator, ancient or modern." — T. B. Macaclat.
293
BUR
BUR
*' The Taritjty and extent of his powers in debate were t'reater
than that of any orator in ancient or modern times. No one ever
poured forth such a flood of thought — so many orijjinal combina-
tions of inventive genius; so much knowledt;e of man, and the
workings of political systems; so many just remarks on the rela-
tion of t;overnment to the manners, the spirit, and even the pre-
judices, of a people; so many wise maxims as to a change in con-
stitution and laws; so many beautiful effusions of lofty and {gene-
rous sentiment ; such exuberant stores of illustration, ornament,
and apt allusion : all intermin-rled with the liveliest sallies of wit,
or the boldest flights of a suMime imagination. ... In the struc-
ture of his mind he had a strong resemblance to Bacon, nor was
he greatly his inferior in the leading attributes of his intellect.
In imagination he went far beyond him. ITe united more per-
fectly than any other man the discordant qualities of the philoso-
pher and the poet." — C. A. Goodrich, D.D., Professor of lihettric
in I'ale College.
We add an eloquent exposition of the characteristics of
Burke's genius from one of the most celebrated orators of
our o-wn day :
'* No one can doubt that enlight*?ned men in all ages will hang
orer the Works of Mr. liuRKE. He was a writer of the tirst class,
and excelled in almost every kind of prose composition. The ex-
traordinary depth of his det.iched views, the penetrating sagacity
which he occasionally applies to the affairs of men and their mo-
tires, and the curious fclioity of expression with which he unfolds
principles, and traces resemblances and relations, are separately
the gift of few, and. in their union, probably without any exam-
ple. When he is handling any one matter, we perceive that we are
conversing with a reasoner and a teacher to whom almost every
other branch of knowledge is familiar. His views range over all
the cognate subjects; his reasonings are derived from principles
applicable to other matters as well as the one in hand ; arguments
pour in from all sides, as well as those which start up under our
feet, the natural growth of the path he is leading us over: while,
to throw light round our steps, and either explore its tiarker places
or serve for our recreation, illustrations are fetched frnm a thou-
sand quarters; and an imagination marvellou.'^Iy rjuick to descry
unthought'Of resemblances, pours forth the stores which a lore
yet more marvellous has gathered from all ages and nations and
arts and tongues. We are, in respect of the argument, reminded
of Bacon's multifarious knowledge, and the exuberance of his
learned fancy ; while the m,any- lettered diction recalls to mind the
first of English poets and his immortal verse, rich with the spoils
of all sciences and all times.
" All his Works, indeed, even his controversial, are so informed
with general reflection, so variegated with speculative discussion,
that they wear the air of the Lyceum as well as the Academy.
His narrative is excellent; and it is impossible more harmoniously
to expose the details of a complicated subject, to give (hem more
animation and interest, if dry in themselves, or to make them
l)ear by the mere power of statement more powerfully upon the
argument. In description he can hardly be surpassed, at least
for effect; he has all the qualities that conduce to it — ardour of
purpose, sometimes rising into violence — vivid, but too luxuriant
fancy — bold, frequently extravagant, conception — the faculty of
shedding upon mere inanimate scenery the light imparted by mo-
ral associations.
" He now moves on with the composed air, the even, dignified
pace of the historian; and unfolds his facts in a narrative so easy,
and yet so correct, that you plainly perceive he wanted only the
dismissal of other pursuits to have rivalled Livy or Hume. But
soon this advance is interrupted, and he stops to display his powers
of description, when the boldness of his design is only mat^-hed by
the brilliancy of his colouring. He then skirmishes for a sp.ace.
and puts in motion all the litrht^r arms of wit ; sometimes not un-
mingled with drollery, sometimes bordering upon farce. His main
battery is now opened, and a tempest bursts forth of every wea-
pi:>n of attack — invei'tive. abuse, irony, sarcasm, simile drawn out
to allegory, allusion, quntation. fable, parable, anathema.
*' He wasadniirabK' in e^J^<:>fiition; in truth, he delighted to give
Instruction both when siieaking and conversing, and in this he
was unrivalled. Quis in se>i(r)i(iis arguUur? in doceiido fdisscnm-
• f'-:[w suf'lilii'rf Mr. Fox might well avow, without a compliment,
that he had learnt more from him than from all other men and au-
thors."— Lord Brougfiam.
It is truly gratifying to know that there are no incon-
gruous colours in the background to detract from the bril-
liancy and beauty of the portrait we have thus presented
of Edmund Burke : ** the King's daughter was all glorious
within," and so with the illustrious subject of our theme ; —
we are not called upon to deplore the union of splendid
talents and degrading vices, of public philanthropy and
private venality : the .spotless ermine covers no hidden cor-
nipHon. Of this we have abundant evidence:
"The unspotted innocence, the firm int+^giity of Burke," says
Dr. Parr, '• want no embl:t/,u^in^^ and if he is accustomed to exact
a rigorous account of the nionii conduct of others, it is justified
in one who shuns not the must inquisitorial scrutiny into his own."
The Rev. I/Ir. Crabbe, whom Burke raised from a posi-
tion of want and distress to competency and comfort,
speaks in glowing terms
" Of his private worth, of his wishes to do good, of his affability
and condescension ; his readiness to lend assistance where he knew
it was wanted; his delight to give praise where he thought it was
deserved: his affectionate manners, his amiable disposition, and
Zeal for their happiness which he manifested in the hours of retire-
ment with the members of his family."
" A much higher feature of his character than wit. was a fervent
and unfeigned spirit of piety, cheerful but humble, unallied to
any thing like fanaticism, and expressive of a deep dependence on
the dispensations of Providence, traces of which are to be found
294
in the letters of his boyhood. . . . His moral character stood
wholly unimpeached by any thing that approached to the name
of vice." — I'RiOH.
Of'rhe affecting incidents of "the inevitable hour*'
which comes alike to all, the great and the obscure, the
learned and the untaught, the man who feareth God and
the man who feareth him not, — we have a graphic sketch
by the friend of his bosom — Dr. French Laurence. The
poet truly tells us,
'' The chamber where the good man meets his fate
Is privileged beyond the common walks of life,"
and we are assured upon higher authority, " that it is
better to go to the house of mourning ^thau to the house
of feasting ; for that is the end of all men, and the living
will lay it to heart." Let us then in spirit contemplate to
our profit the last earthly scene of the philosopher, the
patriot, and the Christian :
" His end was suited to the simple greatness of mind which he
displayed through life, every way unaffected, without levity, with-
out ostentation, full of natural grace and dignity ; he appeared
neither to wish nor to dread, but patiently and placidly to await,
the hour of his dissolution. He had been listening to some essays
of Addison's, in which he ever took delight ; he had recommended
himself, in many affectionate messages, to the remembrance of
those absent friends whom he had never ceased to love; he had
conversed some time with his accustomed force of thought and
expression on the awful situation of his country, for the welfare
of which his heart was interested to the very last beat; he h-id
given with steady composure some private directions, in contem-
plation of his approaching death; when, as his attendants were
conveying him to his bed. he sunk down, and, after a short struggle,
passed quietly and without a groan to eternal rest, in that mercy
which he had just declared he had long sought with unfeigned
humiliation, and to which he looked with a trembling hope!"
In conformity with the directions of his will, he was
buried in the church at Beaconsfield, in the same grave
with his son and brother.
Viewed in the light of the present age, how great is our
admiration of that foresight which foretold, and that wis-
dom which would have averted, the storms which menaced
the peace and well-being of his country ! Impartial in his
judgment, unswayed by every wind of political doctrine,
because based upon the ruck of truth, he as zealously de-
nounced that arbitrary power which oppressed the Ameri-
can Colonies, as he rebuked that hurricane of fierce de-
mocracy which swept the throne and the altar from France,
and involved the Court and the Commonalty in a general
ruin. Had his counsel been followed, Warren Hastings
would have expiated his crimes on the scaffold, and the
world would have lacked a ^Napoleon to illustrate the de-
pravity of his race. Burke's jmblic labours present a con-
tinuous struggle against the stupidity, the obstinacy, and
the venality, of the politicians of his day. His life, there-
fore, cannot be said to have been a happy one, for happi-
ness dwells not amidst ceaseless vexations ; and no man
can " possess his soul in peace" whose philanthropy stimu-
lates him to the duty of enlightening the ignorant, reform-
ing the vicious, and subduing the refractory. He does
well; he acts nobly; he fulfils the end of his being; and
if he have the spiritual prerequisites, many will be his
consolations here, and great shall be his reward here-
after. But let him not expect much either of gratitude
or applause in this life : malice will censure, envy defame,
rivalry decry, the noblest motives and the wisest acts.
Yet posterity will do him justice; and generations yet un-
born shall reverence his name, emulate his virtues, and
follow in his steps. His "good name shall be an inherit-
ance to his children's children," and the ''remembrance
of the just shall be blessed !"
Behold an instance of this noble advocacy of right, and
its appreciation by an admiring posterity, in the philan-
thropic labours of Edmund Burke, and the deep reverence
with which his character is regarded in the present day I
In the three principal questions which excited his inte-
rest, and called fi-rth the most splendid displays of his elo-
quence— the contest with the American Colonies, the im-
peachment of Warren Hastings, ami the French Revolu-
tion— we see displayed a philanthropy the most pure, illus-
trated by a genius the most resplendent. In each of these
cases he was the friend of the oppressed, the rebuker of
the insolence of power, the excesses of petty tyranny, or
the fierce ragings of a successful and unprincipled demo-
cracy. He was ever the bold and uncompromising cham-
pion of justice, mercy, and truth. When his own sovereign
stretched forth the hand of despotic power to afflict a suf-
fering nation, he forgot that "the king could do no
wrong," and pointed his finger to a violated constitution
and brokeu laws ! When a remorseless Verrcs ground to
the earth, by his exactions and cruelty, a simple and con-
fiding pe(>ple whoso rights and happiness he should have
maintained and cherished, their cries entered into the
BUR
heart even of the oppressor's nation, and a greater than
Cicero cited the offender to that nation's bar ! When the
pestilential fever of an insane democracy broke out in
France, and threatened to devour the nations, the High
Priest of enlightened Liberty" stood between the living
and the dead, and the plague was stayed !"
So long as virtue shall be beloved, wisdom revered, or
genius admired, so long will the memory of this illustri-
ous exemplar of all be fresh in the world's history : for
human nature has too much interest in the preservation
of such a character, ever to permit the name of EuuUMD
BuRKK to perish from the earth.
Burke, James Henry. Days in the East; a Poem,
Lon.. I,S12, 8vo.
•■The stiUiKis of Jlr. Burke bt-sprak at once high feeling, a vi-
gorous, cultivatfd iutelliyence, and a delicate poetic taste." — Lon.
M,rint7-i l{,nilil.
Biii-ke, John, M.D. The Morbus Niger, Lon.,1 77C,8vo.
Burke. John, and Sir Bernard Burke, (for-
merly John Bernard Burke,) father and son, to
whom we arc indebted for a number of valuable works on
Heraldry and Genealogy. They have written separately
and conjointly. Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage
of the ijritish Empire, by John Burke, r. 8vo ; 15th ed.,
1S53; 20th ed., by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King-of-
Arms, ISoS. ,,
" The first authority in all questions affecting the aristocracy.
— Lon. GUbe.
The Extinct, Dormant, and Suspended Peerage, by J.
B., 1840, 8vo. Portrait Gallery of the Female Nobility,
by J. B., 2 vols. r. 8vo. Knightage of Great Britain, by
John Bernard Burke, new ed.. 1841, ISmo. Anecdotes of
the Aristocracy, by J. B. B., 2 vols. p. 8vo, new ed., 1851.
" Mr. Burke has tiiven us tlie most curious incidents, the most
stirring tales, aud the most remarkable circumstances connected
with the histories, public and private, of ou r uuhle houses and aristo-
cratic families. These stories, with all the reality of estal'lished
iiict, read with as much spirit as the Tales of Boccaccio, and are as
full of strange matter for reflection and amazement.'" — Biitannia.
Armory of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. & J. B. B.,
r. 8vo, new ed., 1847.
" The »'ork professes to concentrate in one volume the materials
to be found In Gullllm, Edmondson. and Nlsbett, and to carry
down its information to the present year: in that the authors
have fully succeeded; but thev h.aTe done more : In addition to a
Dictionary of Heraldry, the work may be designated a Dictionary
of Famllv History ; for there Is hardly any house of note, whose
origin and descent are not deduced, so far at least as to justify the
adoption of the ensigns and quarterlugs which the family hears."'
— Lon. Aaval and Miliiary 0<'!dte.
It contains over 30.000 armorial bearings, and more
than the matter of four 4to vols.
Heraldic Illustrations, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo,
new ed., 1846.
'• These are splendid volumes, comprising the armorial bearings
of we know not how many auL-lent families, beautifully embla-
zoned, and accompanied by brief pedigrees. The work is as curi-
ous as It Is magnlflcent." — Lon. Lilerary GozitU.
Royal Families of Great Britain, by J. k J. B. B., 2 vols,
r. 8vo, ISol. Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the
Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, for 1853,
containing particulars of upwards of 100,000 individuals,
by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo ; new ed., by Sir B. B.,
Pts. 1-3, 1855-57. Sir Bernard Burke has also pub.
Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, 1849-50, 4 vols. p. 8vo ;
3d ed., 1855, 3 vols. p. 8vo; Visitation of the Scats and
Arms of Noblemen, 1852-55, 2 vols. r. 8vo ; Family Ro-
mance, 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo ; Royal Descents and
Pedigrees of Founders' Kin, Pt, 1, 1855, r. 8vo ; and
other works.
Burke, John French. The Dispensing Chemist
and Medical Pupil's Assistant, ISmo. Farming lor Ladies.
The Muck Manuah Treatise ou British Husbandry, 2 vols.
8vo; with a Copious Supplement by Mr. Cuthbert W. John-
son. The Supplement is pub. separately, under the title
of Modern Agricultural Improvements, 8vo.
Burke, Mrs. L. To tins lady we are indebted for a
trans, of Madame Guizot's Moral 'Tales, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Burke, Peter. 1. Criminal Law and its Sentences,
Lon., 1842, 4to; 2d ed., 1847, 12ino. 2. Law of Internat.
Copyright, 1842, 12mo. 3. Treat, on the Law of Copy-
right. Lit., Ac, 1S42, 12mo. 4. New Act on Small Debts,
1844, 12ino. 5. New County Court Acts; 2d ed., 1847,
12mo. 6. Celebrated Trials connected with the Aristo-
cracy, 1848-51, 2 vols. 8vo. 7. Law of Internat. Copy-
right between England and France, 1852, 12mo. 8. Supp.
to Godson on Patents, A-c, 1851, 8vo : see GonsoN,
Richard, M.P. 9. Patent-Law Amendment Act, 1852,
Svo; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. 10. Romance of the Forum. 1853,
2 vols. p. Svo; 2d Ser.. 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 11. Public
and Domestic Life of Edmund Burke, 1853, cr. Svo.
BUll
Burke, Richard. Charge to Grand Jury, 1798.
Burke, 'I'hos. A., b. 1828, in Georgia. Polly Pea-
blossom's Wedding, 12mo, Phila. Political Fortune Tel-
ler, N. Y. Ac.
Burke, Thomas T. Temora ; being specimens of
an intended versification of the Poems of Ossian, 1818.
Burke,W. The Armed Briton: a Play, ISOfi. Svo.
Burke, William. Campaign of 1805 in tjcnnauy,
Italy, Ac., 1806, Svo. South American Inde]ieiidenee,
1807, Svo. Emancipation of Spanish America. 1807. Svo.
Burke, William. A Greek and English Derivative
Dictionary, Lon., 1806, 12mo.
Burke, William, M.D. Remarks on the Mineral
Springs uf Virginia; 2d ed., Richmond, 1853. 12mo.
Burke, Wni., Surgeon. Popular Compend. of Anat.,
Lon., 1804, 12mo. Intended to display the wisdom of the
Deity as evinced in the construction of the human body.
Burkhead, Henry, a merchant of Bristol, England,
temp. Charles I. Cola's Fury, or Lcrinda's Misery ; a Tra-
gedy, Kilken., 1646, 4to. The subject is the Irish re-
bellion of October, 1641.
" In it he has characterized all the principal persons concerned
in the alTairs of that time, under feigned names."— Bioff. Dramat.
Lerinda is an anagram from Ireland.
Burkitt, William, 1650-1703, a native of Ilitchara,
Northamptonshire ; admitted of Pembroke College, Cam-
bridge, at 14 ; Vicar of Dedhaiu, Essex, 1692. Expository
Notes, with Practical Observations, on the New Testament,
1739, fob; several editions; new edit., Lon., 1833, 2 vols.
Svo. An abridgt. by Rev. Dr. Glasse, "the language
modernized and improved," Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 4to. An
abridgt. for the use of the poor, r. Svo.
" He has many schemes of old .sermons; his sentiments vary in
,,'j different parts of his work, as the authors from whence he took
^ his materials were orthodox, or not."" — Da. Doddripoe.
" Both pious aud practical, but not distinguished either by
depth of learningor judgment,"'— Dr. Adam Cl.ikee,
"This deservedly popular work does not profess to discuss cri-
tical questions, but is very useful for the inferences it deduces from
the sacred text."— T. H. HoENE. ,. , ,
"Many good suggestions on texts, generally evangelical ana
very useful."— Bickerstetb. , „ „
" This is not a critical or in any respect a profound work.^ — ORME.
Burkitt also wrote a Sermon, Discourse, Ac, 16S0-1705.
Burlace, Edmund. See Boelace.
Burleigh, J. B., for many years a teacher in Balti-
more. The American Manual, Phila., 1848, 12mo; several
edits. The Legislative Guide, Svo. The Thinker. Other
school-books.
Burleigh, Lord. See Cecil.
Burleigh, Richard. Assize Sermon, 1777, 4to.
Burleigh, William H., b. 1812, a native of Wood-
stock, Conn., is a descendant on the mother's side of Gov.
Bradford, and a grandson of a soldier of the American Rev.
War. He has edited several journals, and written some
exquisite poetry. " She hath gone in the Spring 'lime of
Life," and "June," are among the best eifusions of the
American Muse. For many years he contributed to the N.
Yorker. In 1840 a volume of his poems was pub. in Phila.
Buries, William. English Grammar. Lon„1652,12mo.
Burley, or Burleigh, Walter, b. at Oxh.rd, 1275,
the leader of the Nominalists, and principal opponent of
the Seotists, bore the titles of Doctor Planus and Per-
spicuus. He wrote some commentaries upon Aristotle,
1476, ful, ; Venet,, 1482, fol, Lilier de Vita ac Morihua
Philosophorum Poetarumquo Vcterum, Ac., circa ann.
1470, 4to; an extremely scarce edition. For particulars
of the editions of his writings, .see "Watt's Bil)l. Brit., and
Brunei's Manuel du Libraire et de I'Amateur des Livres.
Buriz, Thomas. A Combu-table Treatise, sent to
all those who haue a longing desire for their saluation,
and yet knowe not how to attain thereto by reason of the
mischievous subtilitie of Sathan the arch enemy of man-
kinde, Lon., Svo, si'»e tinuo.
Burman, Charles. Autobiographies of Elias Ash-
mole and William Lilly, Lon., 1717, "74, Svo.
Burn, Lt. Colonel, of the R. A. Dictionary of
Naval and Military Technical Words and Phr.ases, Eng-
lish and French, French and English, Lon., c. Svo.
■■ I cannot conclude without acknowledging the great assistance
I have derived In this work from the Naval and Military Techni-
cal Dictionary by Capt. Burn, K, A. ; a book of reference to which
I have never applied In vain,"' — Ekmenls of Kaval Architecture^
by J. E. Strange, thm. B. N.
Burn, .\ndre\v, M.ajor-General in the Royal Ma-
rines, d, 1814, a native of Scotland. The Christian Officer's
Complete Armour, 2d ed,. Lon,, 1806, 12mo: recommended
by Sir R, Hill, Who fares best, the Christian or the Man
of the World? 1789, Svo. Two Witnesses, 1812, Svo.
BUR
BUR
Burn, Edward, Letters and Reply to Dr. Priestly,
1790, '92, 8vo. Pastoral Hints, 1801, 8vo. A Sermon,
1806, 8vo.
Burn, John. English Grammar, Glasg., 1766, 12mo.
Burn, John, son of Richard Burn, (vide post.) A
New Law Dictionary, by Richard Burn, LL.D.. continued
to the present time, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. The Justice
of the Peace and Parish Officer, by R. B., ISth edit., 1797-
ISOO. 4 vols. 8vo. Appendix to 17th edit., 1795, 8vo.
Burn, John Ilderton. Treatises on Insurances,
1801, 12mo. Stock Jobbing, &c., 1803/04, '05, 8vo.
Burn, John Southerden. Livres des Auglois a
Geneve, Lon., 1831, 8vo. History of the Pleet Marriages;
2d edit., Lon., 1834, 8vo.
Burn, Richard, LL.D., 1720-1785, Chancellor of
the Diocese of Carlisle, a native of Wiuton, Westmoreland,
educated at Queen's College, Osfortl, was rectnr of Orton
for 49 years. Justice of the Peace and Parii-h Officer,
Lon., 1755, 2 vols. 8vo.
The 29th edit., by M. B. Bere and T. Chitty, was prib.
Lon.. 1845, 6 vols. 8vo ; Pupplet. to 1852. l)y E. "Wise,
1852, 8vo. Ecclesiastical Law, Lon., 1760, 2 vols. 4to :
9th edit., enlarged by R. Phillimore, Lon., 1842,4 vol. 8vo.
" Blackstone in his Commentaries mentions it as one of the very
few publications on the subject of Ecclesiastical Law on which the
reader can rely with certainty."
New Militia Law, 1762, 12mo. History of Poor Laws,
with Observations, 1764, 8vo.
" One of the best publications that has appeared on the poor
laws."— J. R. McCuLi.ocH.
History and Antiquities of Westmoreland and Cumber-
land, in conjunction with Joseph Nicolson, Lon., 1771-77,
2 vol. 4to. Discourses, selected and original, 1774, 4 vol. 8vo.
'■ A book to which younp; divines may. with preat adviintape.
apply for models of a strong, manly, dignified pulpit eloquence."
• — Bldckatrme^s Chmmoitait'i-s.
9th edit., 1783, 4 vols. Svo. New Law Dictionary. See
Burn, .John.
Burn, sometimes Burne, q. v.
Burnaby, Andrew, D.D., 1732-1812. a native of
Ashfordy, Leicestershire, was educated at Westminster
School, and Queen's College, Cambriilge; B. A., 1754;
M. A., 1757: Vicar of Greenwich, 1769: Archdeacon of
Leicester. I7S6. Travels through the Middle Settlements
of N. America. 1759, '60, Lon., 1775, 4to. Sermons and
Charge >^ : varioiis date?, repub. in 1 vol. 8vo, 1805.
"Highly praised and valued both for matter and manner."
A Journal of a Tour to Corsica in 1766, &c., 1804.
Burnaby, E. A. The Question, Has the House of
Commons a right of Committal to Prison or not? Con-
sidered, 1810, 8vo.
Bnrnap, George W., D.B., h. 1802. Merrimack,
N.H. ; grad. Harvard Coll., 1824: in 1827. succeeded Dr,
Sparks in the First Unitarian Church, Baltimore. 1. Lec-
tures on the Doctrines of Controversy between Unitarians
and other Denominations of Christians. 1835. 2. On the
Sphere and Duties of Women. Bait. 1849, 12mo. 3. Lec-
tures to Young Men on the Cultiration of the Mind, the
Formation of Character, and the Conduct of Life, Bait.,
12mo, and Lon., r. 8vo.
" We do not know of any work on the same subject of equal ex-
cellence."— Lon. Ai<jii-entice.
4. Expository Lectures on the Principal Texts of the
Bible which relate to the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1845.
5. Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Con-
sidered and Answered, 1S48. 6. On the Rectitude of
Human Nature. 1850. 7. Christianity: its Essence and
Evidence. 1855. Other works.
Burnap, Jacob, 1748-1821, father of the preceding,
first minister of Merrimack, N.H., was a native of Reading,
Mass. He pub. an Oration on Independence. 1808. and sepa-
rate serms., 1799, 1801, '06, '08, '09, '11, '15, '18, '19, '20.
Burnby, John. Poor Rates, 1780, Svo. Canterbury
Cathednil, &c., 1784, 8vo. Freedom of Election, 1785, Svo.
Burne, James. The Man of Nature, 1773, 2 vols.l2mo.
Buruc, Nicholas. The Disputation concerning the
Controversit Headdis of Religion, Ac. Paris. 1581, Svo.
This is an account of the disputjUion between Burnc. for-
merly aCalvinist,and some ministers of the Kirk of Scotland.
Burnel,Henry. Landgartha; a Tragi-Comedy, Dubl.,
1641. 4to.
Burncs, Sir Alexander, Lt. Col., 1805-1841, an
eminent military ofhcer and Oriental scholar, a native of
Montrose, made many important investigations relative to
the geography of the Indus, &c. Journey to and Resi-
dence in Cabool, Lon., Svo. Travels in Bokhara. 1831-
33, 3 vols. 12mo and Svo. It is said that between 800
and 900 copies of this gentleman's work sold in a single
day. It was immediately trans, into German and French
Sir Alexander was assassinated at the insurrection at Ca-
bobi, November. 1S41.
Burnes, James. History of the Knights Templars,
E(.lin.. 4to. Viyit to the Court of Sinde, and History of
Cutch, Lon., 12mo.
Burnet. A Vindication of Woodward's State of Physic,
Lon., 1719, Svo.
Burnet* vSermon on Matt, xii, 32.
Burnet, Alexander, 1614-1GS4, a native of Peebles;
Bishop uf Aberdeen, 1663; Archbishop of Glasgow, 1664.
The Bles.^ei-lness of the Dead that die in the Lord; being
a Funeral Sermon on the death of the Marquis of Mon-
trose, from Rev. xiv. 13, Glasg., 1673, 4to.
Burnet, Elizabeth, 1661-1709, third wife of Bishop
Burnet, was a daughter of Sir Richard Blake, Knt. At
18 she married Robert Berkeley, Esq., who died in 1093.
In 1700 she was united to Bishop Burnet, who had lost his
second wife two years previously. A Method for Devo-
tion, or Rules for'Ht-ly and Devimt Living : 2d edit.. Lon.,
1709, 8vo; 3d edit., 1*715, Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Burnet, Gilbert, 1643-1715, a native of Edinburgh,
was sent at the age of ten to the University uf Aberdeen,
where he took the degree of M.A. before he was 14. At
18 he was received as a probationer, and in 1665 was or-
dained priest in the Episcopal Church, and piresented to
the living of Saltoun. Two years previously he had visited
Holland, and applied himself to the study of Hebrew
under a learned Jew. In 1669 he beciime Professor of
Divinity in the University of Glasgow ; Chaplain to the
King, preacher at the Rolls, and lecturer of St. Clement's,
London. 1674, '05. In 1683 he attended Lord Russell to
the ."^caflfuld, and being suspected of disaffection, thought
it prudent to retire to Paris. It is to be recorded to his
honour, that although offered the Bishopric of Chichester,
by Charles II., if he would embrace his cause, he refused
the overture, and wrote him a faithful letter, exhorting
him to reform his licentious life and impolitic measures.
"I told the king, I hoped the reflection on what had befallen
his father on the 30th of January, might move him to consider
these things more carefully."
He returned to England in 1685, but again fled to Paris
on the accession of James II. in the same year. He tra-
velled for some time on the Continent, after which, at the
invitation of the Prince and Princess of Orange — daugh-
ter and son-in-law to James II. — he took up his residence
at the Hague, and bore so prominent a share in the politi-
cal counsels of the court, that James II.
"Ordered a prosecution of High Treason to be commenced
against him. and demanded his person from the States-general,
but without effect, as he had previously acquired the rights of
naturalization, by forming a union — his first wife being dead —
with a Dutch lady of large fortune named Scott."
The influence of Burnet in bringing about the Revolu-
tion of 1688. and the accession of William and Mary, was
perhaps greater than that of any other person. He ac-
companied William to England as his chaplain, and took
an active part in the settlement of the new government.
In 1689 the king offered him the Bishopric of Salisbury,
but with his usual disinterestedness he begged him to con-
fer it on his old friend Dr. Lloyd. His majesty replied,
" I have another person in view," and next day nominated
Burnet to the see, to which was added subsequently the
Chancellorship of the Order of the (Jarter. The new bi-
shop now zealously occupied himself with his literary and
official duties, leading a most industrious and useful life
until the year 1715. when he was attai-kcd with a pleuritic
fever, which proved fatal on the 17lh of March. The
bishop was a very voluminous writer: see list in Watt's
Bib. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. We notice a few
of his principal works: Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamil-
ton. Lon., 1077, fob; last edit., Oxf.. 1S52, 8vo. History
of the Rcformiitiiiu of the Church of England, vol. i. 1679,
fol. This publication was rewarded with an honour never
conferred before or since upon an author. He received the
thanks of Parliament, with a request that ho would con-
tinue his researches, and complete the work he had so well
commenced. The historian acquiesced: in 1681 he pub.
vol. ii., and in 1715 vol. iii., with supplement.
" His History of the Reformation had been received with loud
applause by all parties, and had been felt by the Roman Catholics
as a severe blow. The greatest Doctor that the Church of Rome
has produced since the schism of the Itith century, Bossuet, Bishop
of Meaux, was engaL'cd in framiug an elaborate rtply."— T. B.
Macaulay: Hist, of Eugtnnd.
"In Bishop Burnet's History of the Church of England, yon
will havf a full view of the steps which our church took when she
reformed herself from the errors of Popery."— DR. Wotton.
'■ Burnet, in liis immortal History of the Reformation, has fixed
the Protestant religion in this country as long as any religion re-
BUR
mains among us. Burnet is, without doubt, the English Euse-
bius." — Dr. Aptiiorpe.
" No cautious need be suggested before the perusal of the labori-
ous work of this impartial and libenil Churchinan. an ornament
in his order, and who deserved the name of Christian." — pROF.
I-MVT[( : L-cturrs on Mod. History.
"One of tlif most thoroughly digested books of the century." —
I'Ri'F. Si'ALUlNG.
This work was speedily translated into several European |
languages. In the continuation, Burnet had the valuaV'le i
assistance of Bishops Lloyd, Tillntsnn. and Stillingfleet. |
The notes and preface of Dr. Nares in his eilit. are valu- j
nble, and Mr. G. L. Corrie's Abridgment (0.\f., 1847, 8vo) |
will answer a useful purpose. An edit, was pub, in 1829, ,
Oxf., 7 vols. 8vo; and in 1850, Lon., 2 vols. imp. 8vo, il- I
lizstrated with 4A portraits from Lu<lge, and by many valu-
able notes. Before reading Burnet, Lenfant's History of
the Council of Constance, 1728, 2 vols, -ito, should be pe-
rused. This is Burnet's own advice :
"I cannot recommend too hi^'hly Lenfanfs History of the Coun-
cil of Constance, in which the author has. with great care, given
a view of the state of the Charch and Religion before the Refi^'rma-
(ion. and should be read to prepare a man for reading "my his-
tory.'"— Pr(f. to Hist. Rc/i/rm.
Gibbon thus notices Lenfant:
" The Histories of the three successive Councils, IMsa, Constance,
and Basil, have been written with a tolerable degree of candour,
industry, and elegance, by a Protestant minister, M. Lenfant, who
retired fiom Franco to Berlin."
Burnet's work did not meet with universal commenda-
tion : M. Le Grand, Varillas. and others in France, Lowth,
Wharton, and Ilickcs at home, o]iei)cd their batteries upon
the stout prelate, who was but little disconcerted by such
assaults. Wharton allows it to have a reputati'iu firmly \
and deservedly established. Many errors which had crept
into preceding narrations were corrected by Burnet.
"The defects of Peter Heylyn's History of tin- Kef'irniation are
abundantly supplied in our authors more complete history. He
gives a practical account of all the affairs of the Iteformation. from
its beginning in tlic ri'ign of Henry VIII. to its final establish-
ment under Que.:n Klizabuth, a.d. 155y. And the whole is penned
in a masculine style, such as becomes an historian, and is the pro-
perty of this author in all his writings. The collection of records
which he gives at the end of each volume, are good vouchers of
the truth of what he delivers in the body of the history, and are
much more perfect than could reasonably be expected, after the
pains taken in Queen Mary's days to suppress every thing that
carried the marks of the Reformation upon it.'' See Bishop Xicol-
son's Eng. Hist. Library.
The bishop increased his celebrity by the Lives of Ro-
cbester, 1680, 8vo, Hale, and Queen Mary, (including
Rochester.) 1682, 2 vols. 8vo, and Bishop Bedell, 16S5,
8vo. He pub. some other valuable biographical sketches,
and the reader is referred to his Lives and Characters, in-
cluding Hale. Rochester, Boyle, Leighton, Ac, edited, with
an introduction, by Bishop Jebb, Lon., 1833, 8vo. This vol.
also contains Five Unpublished Letters, by Anne, Countess
Dowager of Rochester, and Burnet's Address to Posterity.
*' Bishop Burnet's short but exquisite Address to Posterity will
be read and re-rnad, with fresh improvement and delight, as
long as the English lan'.;uage lasts.
The interesting incidents connected with the Conversion
of the Earl of Rochester, through the instrumentality of
Burnet, are well known,
"The life of Rochester is a work which the critic ought to read
for its elegance, the philosopher for its arguments, and the saint
for its piety." — Dr. Samuel Johnson.
In IfiS.*! he pub. a trans, from the original Latin (1551)
of Sir Thomas Mure's Utopia. In 1692, -ito. appeared his
celebrated Discourse of the Pastoral Care, which is con-
sidered by some the best of his writings. The 3d edit.,
1713, has a valuable preface added: an edit, was pub. in
1821. 12mo- An enlarged edit, of his History of the Reign
of King James the Second was pub. at Oxf., 1852, Svo.
His E.\position of the XXXIX. Articles of the Church of
England appeared in 16*J9, fol. Of this work there have
been numerous editions.
" The good bishop seems to be so attentive to the various and
contradictfiry opinions of others in the several Articles, that you
are often at a loss to find his own." — Da, Wii.uams.
**The work contains much information, and candour: perhaps
pursued to a blamable excess." — BicJ.ersUl/i^s Christian Studatt.
And see chap. xi. in that work.
The Exposition of the Articles is highly commended by
Archbishops Tillotson, Tenison, and Sharp; Bishops Stil-
lingfleet, Patrick, Lloyd, Hall, Williams, and other au-
thorities. The Rev. J. R. Page has pub. an edit., with a
valuable Appendix, Notes, and Additional References,
Lon., 1843, Svo.
"The editor has given to our clergy and our students in theo-
logy an edition of this work, which must necessarily supersede
every other; and we feel he deserves well at the hands of the
church which he has so materially served." — Church of England
Quarterly h'fimw.
"The valuable references, notes, and indices, which accompany
BUR
this edition. ;:ive it a vast supfriority over every other." — BiSHOP
OF WlNt'llKSTER.
"Tiimi^'li Kurnet's worlx may have peculiar attractions to an
EpisiMpali.iii as an exposition of his articles nf faith, yet as a trea-
surv of llililiial and theolofiical !<no\vled[<e. it is aliive valualjle to
Christians of every communion." — Aoh. c/irhiian Observer.
Tho celebrated Hi.story of his Own Times was left in
MS. at his death, with orders that it should not be pub.
until si-x years after, when it was given to the world with-
out alteration. The first volume, however, did not appear
until 1724, and the 2d was delayed until IT.'U. The work
was pub. by his son Thomas. This interesting work has
Vieen much abused by the Tories, and it has been a con-
venient target for the wits of such critics as Swift, Pope,
Arbuthnot, and others. The last attempted a p.arody under
the title of Memoirs of P. P., Clerk of this Parisli. Dr.
Fle.'Lman pub. an edit, of the Bishop's Own Times, with
Notes, &c., in 175.3, 6 vols. Svo. An edit, was pub. at Ox-
ford, ]8:).3, 6 vols. Svo, and the last edit, appeared in 1847,
Lon., 2 vols. imp. 8vn, with Hist, and Biog. Notes, and 51
portraits. Such men as the wits just named can bring any
writer into ridicule, but to impugn literary integrity is a
more difficult matter. We may venture something, but we
are willing to incur the risk, when we avow the opinion
that Burnet is one of the most veracious chroniclers in tho
language. It was the freedom of its strictures upon certain
pet characters that excited the satire of Pope and the ridi-
cule of Arbuthnot. As for the terms " Silly Puppy,"
" Scotch Uog," " Canting Puppy," and such other ele-
gancies of the kennel, of which Swift was so accomplished
a master, wo doubt if they disturb the maiiM of the worthy
prelate. It is an everyday thing to find a writer of some
centuries' standing accused of i)rejudice, misrepresentation,
misconception, &c. ; but how a critic, who lives two or
three hundred years after a certain occurrence has trans-
pired, can understand it so much better than an eye or
ear-witness, we are too dull to discern. Dr. Johnson's
opinion, as recorded by Boswell, will serve as an instance
— though much less condemnatory than many — of what
we refer to :
" Burnet's History of his Own Times is very entertaining. The
style, indeed, is mere chit-chat. I do not believe that Burnet in-
tentionally lied: but he was so much prejudiced, that he took no
pains to find out the truth, lie was like a man who resolves to
regulate his timeliy acert.ain watch; but will not inquire whether
the watch is riyht or not."
One might suppose that the doctor had roomed with tho
bishop, at least: he seems to bo so perfectly informed as
to his habits.
Profe.ssor Smyth is disposed to do our author more jus-
tice than he has generally had accorded to him :
" Whatever he reports himself to have heard or seen, the reader
may he .assured he really did hear or see. But we must receive
his representations and conclusions with that caution which must
ever he observed when we listen to tho relation of a warm and
bu.sy partisan, whatever be his natural inteKcity and good sense.
He "is often censured, and sometimes corrected ; but the tact seems
to be, that, without his original, and certainly honest, account,
we should know little about the wants and affairs he professes to
explain. Many of the writers who are not very willing to receive
his assistance,' would be totally at a loss without it."— Lecls.on
Miithni History.
We are glad to see that our (for, although American-
born, we claim all the merhorioua English authors as ours)
latest historical commentator, Mr. Macaulay, defends tho
bishop against bis accusers :
" It is usu.al to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate his-
torian, but I believe the charge to be altogether unjust. He ap-
pears to be singularly inaccurate only because his narrative has
lieen suhiected to a 'scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly.
If any Whig thouirht it worth while to subject Keresby's Memoirs,
North's Kxamen. Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution, or the
Life of .Tames the Second, edited by Clarke, to a sunilar scrutiny,
it would soon appear that Burnet was indeed far from being the
most inexact writer of his time." — Ilht. nf Euqhmd.
Horace Walpole considers that the bishop's credulity, as
he styles it, is a proof of his honesty, and pays a deserved
compliment to the easy flow of his narrative:
"It seems as if he h.adjust come from the King's closet, or from
the apartment of the man whom he describes, and was telling his
reader, in plain terms, what be had seen and heard."
Charles Lamb bears testimony to the same effect:
" I am reading Burnet's Own Times. Hid vou ever read that
garrulous. plea.santhistorv? full of scandal, which all true history
is;_no palliatives, but all the stark wickedness that .actually gives
the mmnrnlum to national actors:— none of that cursed Ifunman
indifference — so cold, and unnatural, and inhuman."' kc—LrtUrs.
As an pirtempore preacher the bishop was so happy, that
his congregation dreaded his "finally" as much as hia
severest official reprehension. Sir John Jekyl told Speaker
Onslow, that one day when be was present, and the worthy
prelate had " preached out the hour-glass" before he had
finished his subject, "he took it up, and held it aloft in
his hand, and then turned it up for another hour ; upon
' 297
BUR
BUR
which the audience — a very large one for the place — set
up almost a shout for joy. ^
We mean no irreverence to the clergy when wo remark
that one '* hour-glass" is as much as a modern congrega-
tion consider themselves entitled to claim.
As a parish priest, as well as a diocesan, Burnet was
moat exemplary. He wrote well upon the Pastoral Care,
but he did better, — he was the constant exemplar of his
own precepts. We give a specimen of his "manner of
life :"
" During the five years he remained at Saltoun. he preached
twice every Sunday, and once on one of the week-days: he cate-
fhized three times a week, so as to examine every parishioner, old
or youn^, three times in the course of a year: he went round the
parish from house to house, instructing, reprovinR. or comforting
them, as occasion required: the sick he visited twice a day: he
personally instruct^'d all such as ^ave notice of their intention to
receive the communion." — Life, by his soji, Thomas Burnet, in JSist.
Ovm Times.
His indifference for preferment, "his degrading him-
self into the lowest and most paiuful duties of his calling,"
that he might go about doing good, are highly extolled by
a competent witness, the Marquis of Halifax. In truth,
both the Church and the State are under such deep obli-
gations to the exertions of Bishop Burnet, as a clergyman
and as a statesman, that it ill becomes Englishmen to treat
his memory with either injustice or indifference. See Biog.
Brit.; Swift's Works ; Granger's Letters ; Laing's Hist, of
Scotland; Birch's Tillotson; Burnet's Reform., 1850; Own
Times, 18^7.
Burnet, Gilbert, the bishop's second son, educated
at Merton College, Oxford, and at Leyden, was chaplain
to George I. : he died early in life. An Abridgt. of vol.
iii. of his father's Hist, of" the Reformation, 1719. The
Generation of the Sou of God. 1720. Svo. He espoused
the cause of Hoadly in the Bangorian controversy, and
wrote three pieces on the occasion, 1718, &c. He was a
contributor to the Free-thinker, (collected in 3 vols. 12mo,)
and perhaps to Hibernicus's Letters, 1725, '26, '27.
Buruet, Gilbert, d. 1746, aged 48. Vicar of Coggesball,
Essex, and Minister of St. James's, Clerkenwell, abridged
the 3 fol. vols, of the Boyle Lectures in 4 vols. Svo, Lon.,
1737. Practical Sermons, Lon., 1747, 2 vols. Svo.
*' His sermons are written in an ajireealtle. instructive, and prac-
tical manner ; displaying solid reasoning, true piety, and unaffected
charity."
Burnet, Jacob, an American. Notes on the Early
Settlement of the North Western Territory, Svo.
"To all who feel an interest in the destinies of the Western
Country, this book supplies the elements from which a correct
judgment may be formed, not only of its past history, but also of
its probable position, in an intellectual and moral point of view.
For it is only by considering what a nation has been, that any cor-
rect idea can be gained concerning what it is likely to be."
Burnet,James,LordMonboddo, 1714-1799, ana-
tive of Kincardineshire, Scotland, was educated at King's
College, Aberdeen, and studied Civil Law at Groniugen,
Holland. He was distinguished rather for profound than
useful learning. In 1764 he was appidnted Sheriff of Kin-
cardineshire, and in 1767 he succeeded Lord Milton as a
Lord of Session. The Origin and Progress of Language,
Edin., 1773, 6 vols. Svo. His lordship was as much ena-
moured of the ancients — -especially the Greeks — as ever
was the Doctor in Peregrine Pickle. The above-named
work was intended to settle the question as to the superi-
ority of his favourite ancients over a degenerate posterity.
It was not successful.
'■■ Nnthing. it was said, but the strantce absurdity of his opinions,
could have hindered his book from falling dead-bom from the pi ess."
Dr. Johnson often ridiculed the peculiar notions enter-
tained by Monboddo; though, by-the-by, there were some
points of similarity between thera, for Foote calls "Mon-
boddo an Elzerii- edition of Johnson." When the author
of Rasselaspaid the modern Greek a visit, the latter pointed
to the Douglas Arms in his house: — "In such houses,"
said he, "our ancestors lived, who were better men than
we." " No, no, my lord," said Johnson : '* we are as strong
as they, and a great deal wiser." Monboddo was an advo-
cate of the superiority of the savage state: he considered
that men were originally monkeys, and that a nation still
existed with tails.
" Dr. .lohnson attacked Lord Monboddo's strange speculation on
tho primitive state of human nature. -Sir, it is all conjecture
about a thing useless, even were it known to be true. Knowledge
of all kinds is good. Con.iecture. as to things useful, is good ; but
conjecture as to what would he useless to know, such as whether
men went upon all fours, is very idle. ... It is a pity to see Lord
Monboddo publish such notions as he has done; a man of sense,
and of so much ele'^ant learning. There would be little in a fool
doing it ; we should only laugh : but when a wise man does it, we
are sorry. [Monboddo had written a preface to the trans, of Con-
damine's Account of the Savage Oirl.] Other people have strange
notions; but they conceal them. If they have tails [alluding to
Monboddo's theory of the ori;^inally tailed-state of man] they hide
ihem: but Monboddo is as jealous of his tail as a squirrel."" — Bos-
ivdl's Johnson.
'• 'When Sir Joseph Banks returned from Botany Bay. Monboddo
inquired after the long-tailed men. and, according to Johnson, was
not pleased that they had not been found in all his peregrinations."
The Origin and Progress of Language was intended to
vindicate the honour of Grecian literature : to properly set
forth the excellencies of the Grecian philosophy, he pub.
his Ancient Metaphysics, or the Science of Universals, with
an Examination of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy, Edin.,
1779-99, 6 vols. 4to.
" This work evinces, like the other, his extravagant fondness for
Grecian learning and philosophy, and his scorn for all that was mo-
dern. It proves, that, though versed in the science of Aristotle and
Plato, he knew not, for want of a suflicieut acquaintance with mo-
dern literature, how to explain that science to his contemporaries."
AVe think that there is great weight in Bacon's remark
that the carfi/ a;je of the world cannot properly be called
its antir/iiiti/. The latter ages are really the antiquity of ,
the world. The remark will be found somewhere in the
Advancement of Learning.
Burnet, John, b. 1784, at Fisherrow, near Edin-
burgh, a distinguished engraver and writer on Art. Prac-
tical Treatise on Painting, 1822-27, 4to: pub. orig. in
three parts. Hints on Composition, Light and Shade, and
Colour. Essay on the Education of the Eye in Reference
to Painting, 18.37, 4to. TUustratcd edition of Sir Joshua
Reynolds's Lectures on Painting, with Valuable Notes by
the editor, Ac.: 12 plates after the Great Masters: new
ed., 1842, 4to. Practical Essays on Various Branches of
the Fine Arts, 1848. 12mo. Landscape-Painting in Oil
Colours, 1849, 4to. Rembrandt and his Works, 1840, 4to.
Practical Hints in Portrait-Painting, ISoO, 4to. Life and
Works of J. M. AV. Turner, 1852, 4to : writteu in conjunc-
tion with Mr. P. Cunningb;im. Progress of a Painter,
1854, 4to. These works arc illustrated by numerous en-
gravings drawn and executed by Mr. B.
Burnet, Matthias, D.D., d. 1806, aged about 55, an
Episcopal minister at Norwalk, Connecticut, graduated at
Princeton in 1704. He pub. Reflections upon the Season
of Harvest, and two sermons in Amer. Preacher, ii., iii.
Burnet, Thomas, 16:^5-1715, a native of Croft, York-
shire, entered Clare Hall. Cambridge. 1651; removed to
Christ's College. 1654; Fellow, 1657; Master of the Char-
ter-house, by the Duke of Ormond's influence, 1685. He
gained great distinction by the following work : Telluris
theoria sacra : orbis nostri originem et mutationes generales
quas aut jam eubiit, aut olim subiturus est, complectens.
Libri duo priores de Diluvio et Paradiso, Lon., 1681, 4to.
Libri duo po.-^teriores, de conflagratione mundiet de future
rerum statu, 1689. 4tu, that is— the English reader will un-
derstand— the first two books treat of the Deluge and
Paradise; the last two. of the burning of the AA'orld and
the New Heavens and New Earth. This work met with
much applause, and eveu Charles II. forgot his dogs and
ladies long enough to give it an inspection, which amply
rewarded his pains. The author was thus encouraged to
translate it into English. He pub. the first two books —
The Sacred Theory of the Earth, (fee— in 1684. fob, with
a dedication to Charles II., and the last in 1689, with a
dedication to Queen Mary. The English version is by no
means an exact transcript of the original; there are addi-
tions, abridgments, and alterations. The references to
patristic literature are much fuller in the Latin than in tho
English. As regards ingenuity of hypothesis and majesty
of style, the work is beyond praise ; as a philosophical sys-
tem, it is beneath criticism. Geological data, and the first
principles of scriptural exegesis, are entirely neglected by
our fanciful theorist. Addison complimented the author
in a Latin ode. (in 1669,) which has been prefixed to some
editions of the commended work, in which he addresses
him in tho most flattering terms:
"O pectus ingens! O animum ^ravem,
Mundi capacem! Pi Imnos auguror,
Te. nostra quo tellus suporbit,
Accipet renovata civem."
Dr. Warton ranks Burnet with the few in whom the three
great faculties of the understanding, viz. : judgment, ima-
gination, and memory have been found united; and he
considers him to have displayed an imagination very nearly
equal to that of Milton. On the other hand. AVarren, Keill,
j Croft, and AVhiston attacked his errors; and Flamstead is
! reputed to have told the author that "there went more to
■ the making of a world than a fine-turned period, and that
he was able to overthrow the theory in one sheet of paper."
There are certainly grave errors put forth by Burnet which
I we need not specify here. The literary excellence of the
BUR
Theory lias liecn aoknowlerlged even hy those who most
strmu'-ly contlemned its assumptioijs. Keill tells us
•■ foi- as 1 lu'lipve never was any book fuller of errors and mis-
takes in philosnphy, so none ever almumied with more beautilul
scenes and surprising ima-es of nature. But 1 write only to those
who mi'ht perhaps expect to lind a true philosophy in it: they
who read it as ingenious romance will still be pleased with their
entertainment."
But Keill treats the author with much severity in other
parts of his Examination.
'■ Apart from his mistakes, his works contain some thinss relat-
ing to the Scriptures worth reading; while the reader ought to be
on*^ his guard against their sophistry and skepticism." — Orme's
Bib. Btbl.
In 172?, 12 years after his death, appeared De Fide et
Officiis Christianorum, and De Statu Mortuorum et Resur-
gentium, the last advocating the doctrine of the Millennium,
and the limited duration of Future Punishment. Burnet
had a few copies privately printed, hut had no intention
of publishing a work which he knew would elicit much
censure. Imperfect copies, however, got into circulation,
and Burnet's friend Wilkinson determined to publish a
correct edition. In a 2d edit., pub. in 1733, an addition
was made to the last-named piece, entitled De futura Ju-
dffiorum restauratione, taken from Burnet's MSS. He is
also said to have been the author of three pieces pub. with-
out his name under the title of Remarks upon an Essay
concerning Human Understanding ; the first two pub. in
1697, the last in 11599, which Remarks met with a response
by Mrs. Catherine Trotter (afterwards Cockburn) in her
Defence of Locke's Essay, 1702, written when Mrs. Trot-
ter was but twenty-three years of age. It is to be re-
gretted that Burnet's judgment was so much inferior to
his imagination. His Sacred Theory of the Earth is
"A splendid example of erroneous views in philosophy." — £din-
bin-Qh K'VifA':.
".Some of the author's peculiarities have tended to discredit
other scriptural .Inctrines which he supported." — liicKERSTETH.
"His scnlimcnts aie £ir from orthodox on many ptjints. He
considered the Mosaic account of the Fall, a pious allegory; ori-
ginal sin. a fiction ; and he doubted the resurrection of the same
bodJ^Srairs^ eternity of future punishment."' — Orme,
^is works are now much neglected, although when first
published
" The novelty of his ideas, the perspicuity and elegance of his
style, recommended his works to the attention of the learned." —
Enfield's PInlosnphy.
Burnet, Thomas, D.D., d. 1750, Rector of West
Kingston, and Prebendary of Sarum, was educated at
New College, Oxford. Essay upon (jovernment, Lon.,
1726. .Svo. Answer to Tindal's Christianity as old as the
Creation. Treatise on Scriptural Politics. iSermons, 1722.
'26. 16 Sermons preached at Boyle's Lecture, Lon., 1726,
2 vols. Svo. An Essay on the Trinity. This is a very cu-
rious dissertation.
Burnet, Thomas, M.D., Physician in Ordinary to
the King, and brother to Bishop Burnet. Thesaurus Me-
dicina; Practic;c, etc., Lon., 1673. 4to; best edit., with the
author's last corrections. Geneva, 1698, 4to. Haller enu-
merates 12 edits, printed in England and on the Conti-
nent. Hippocrates contractus, etc., Edin., 1685, Svo ; Lon.,
16S6. 8vo: Vien., 1737, Svo; Venet., 1751, Svo ; Strashurg,
1765. Of Dr. Burnet's life no particulars are known.
Burnet, Thomas, d. 1753, nephew of the above, and
third and youngest son of Bishop Burnet, was educated
at Merton College, after leaving which he became a stu-
dent of the Temple. The abstruse mysteries of Law
pleased him less than "good company," and he was in a
fair way to be ruined when he took a determination to
change his course. His father, one day, observing his un-
usually grave countenance, asked him what he was medi-
tating? "A greater work," replied the son, "than your
lordship's History of the Reformation." "What is that,
Tom?*' "My own reformation, my l(U*d." "I shall be
heartily glad to see it," responded the father, '' but almost
despair of it." Now we may pardon the bishop's incre-
dulity, when we are informed that the scapegrace was
suspected of being one of the wild " Mohocks" of whom we
read so much in the Spectator. Swift tells Stella,
" Young Davenant tells us how he was set upon by the Mohocks,
and how they ran his chair through with a sword. It is not safe
being in the streets at night. The Bishop of Salisbury's son is
said to be of the gang. They are all ^Vhigs."
Yet the young man was better even than his word, he
not only thought of reforming — he reformed, and became
one of the most prominent lawyers of his day, and in
1741 was made a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
We have already referred to his having pultlished his fa-
ther's History of his Own Times, and he gave to the world
some political pamphlets, — A Letter to the People. Our
Ancestors as wise as we, Ac, — and a vol. of his poems
BUR
was pub. in 1777. He incurred the di,«pleasure of Pope hy
a travesty of the first book of the Iliad. Of course, he
was pub. in the Dunciad, which pillory would always hold
one more offender.
Burnet, Thomas. The Sweets of Solitude, and
other Poems, 1S07. 12mo.
Burnet, William, 1688-1729, eldest son of Bishop
Burnet, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and
at Leyilen. He was one of the many dupes of the South
Sea scheme. In 1720 he was appointed Governor of New
York, and was transferred to the government of Massa-
chusetts .and New Hampshire in 1728. He contributed to
Phil. Trans., and pub. an Essay on Scripture Prophecy,
1724.
" Tie attempted to explain the three periods contained in the
twelfth chapter of Daniel, with arguments to prove that the first
period expired in 1715."
An interesting account of Governor Burnet will be found
in Allen's American Bi'ig. Diet.
Burnet, William, iSI.D. Mediterranean Fever, Lon.,
1814, Svo.
Burnett, Andrew. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1695, 4to.
Burnett, Charles M. Insanity tested by Science,
Lon.. 1S4S, Svo. Philosophy of Spirits in relation to Mat-
ter, 1850, Svo. The Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of
God as displayed in the Anim.al Creation, 1S3S. Svo.
" Admirably adapted to lead the mind to knowledge of a very
valuable and extensive order. " — Lon. Lttrrni-y Giuett''.
Burnett, George. English and Latin Poeuis,1809.8vo.
Burnett, George, d. ISIl. educated at B;iliol College,
Oxford. Introduction to Mavor's Universal History, Lon.,
1802, Ac, 25 vols. Svo. A View of the Present State of
Poland, ISO", 12mo.
" The ingenuousness of the author secures to him the confidence
of his readers, while the fairness of his narrative, the How of his
style, and the liberality and good sense which distinguish his re-
marks, render the perusal of his work highly gratifying. We ren-
der this little volume very moderate justice when we state that it
exceeds in interest and value many larger works penned under
circumstances more auspicious," — L^n. Mi-tttidii liiview.
Specimens of English Prose Writers, Lon., 1807, 3 vols.
Svo.
" We recard these volumes as worthy of no small commenda-
tion, and to .all who are interested in the progress of their m. it h.-r-
tongue we cheerfully recommend a perusiil of them." — Linidun
ilimthlii Rn:
These specimens, if reprinted in a royal Svo vol., would
amply reward, we think, the enterprise of the publishers.
They form a fitting companion to Ellis's Specimens of Early
English Poetry; 5th edit., Lon.. 1845, 3 vols. 12mo.
Burnett, Gilbert T., lSIKI-1835, a lineal descend-
ant of Bishop Burnet, (he adiled a t to the patronymic,)
was Professor of Botany in King's College, London, to the
Roy.al Institution, the Company of Apothecaries, and to
the" Medico-Botanical Society. He was also a member of
the Royal College of Surgeons, associate editor of the
London Medical and Surgical Journal, editor of Dr. Ste-
phenson and Mr. Churchill's Medical Botany, 3 vols. Svo, a
contributor to several medical journals, and puh. Outlines
of Botany, 1S35, Svo. His sister, Miss M. A. Burnett, has
published from his MSS.. Illustrations of Useful Plants
employed in the Arts and Medicine, 126 Nos. 1842-49, 4to.
The drawings and colouring of the plates are the work of
this accomplished lady. Stephenson and Churchill's Me-
dical Botany is a most valuable work.
"The most complete and comprehensive work on Medical Bo-
tany."— Lim. Phaimaa'utical Joiinial.
Burnett, John, 1764-1810. a Scotch lawyer, sheriCf
of the shire of Haddington. 1803, Judge-admiral of Scot-
land. ISIO. prepared a Treatise on the various branches
of the Criminal Law of Scotland, which was in the press
at the time of his death. It was pub. in 1811, Edin,, 4to.
" Burnett's Criminal Law is admitted to be. in many points of
view, imperfect and unsatisfactory ; but it is remark.able as having
been one of the earliest serious attempts to form a collection of
decisions. Though he is looked at by the Bench with some dis-
trust, yet his excellencies are manifcjld. and are more seldom quoted
than bis errors, because the former have now become part of our
consuetudinary practice." — Law Jmimal.
Burnett, .lohn. Two Sermons. 1774, Svo,
Burnett, .lliss ?I. A. See Bi-rnett. Gilbert T,
Burnett, Thomas. The British Bulwark. Lon,,
1715, 12mo, Second Tale of a Tub; or the Hist, of
Robert Powel, 1715, Svo; a satire on Sir Robert Walpole,
ascribed to Thomas Duffet.
Burnett, Waldo Irving, 1S2S-1S54. b. at Southboro',
Massachusetts. A distinguished scientific writer. Hia
various papers may be found in the .lournal of the Boston
Society of Nat. History ; in the Memoirs of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences ; American Journal of
Science; Boston Med. and Surg. Journal; and Am. Journal
BUR
EUR
of Med. Sci. Comparative Anat. of Siebold and Stannius,
vol. i. 8vo. Ably translated from the German, with addi-
tions.
Buruey, Caroline. Seraphina : a Novel, 1S09, 3 vols.
Burney, Charles, Mus. D<.c., 1726-1814. a native of
Shrewsbury, was educated at the free school there, and at
the public school of Chester. His musical talent was de-
veloped under the instruction of the celebrated Dr. Arne.
In 1749 he was elected organist of a church in London,
;ind afterwards he officiated in the same capacity at Lynn,
when with Dr. Arne he composed the music of three
pieces for Drury Lane Theatre, — Alfred, Robin Hood, and
Queen Mab. lu 1766 he brought forward at Drury Lane,
The Cunning Man, from Rous^seau's Dcvin du Village, and
adapted to his (R.'s) music. In 1769 he received from
Oxford the degree of Doctor of Music. In 1770 he tra-
velled on the Continent to procure materials for his Gene-
ral History of Music: of his excursions he pub. an ac-
count, entitled The Present State of Music in France and
Italy, <tc. iu 1771, 8vo ; 2a. edit., 1774, 8vo; and in 1773,
2 vols. 8vo, appeared The Present State of Music in Ger-
many, tfee. Joel Collier burles<|ued this work in his Mu-
sical Travels through England, Lou., 1776, 8vo. Johnson
remarked, when referring to the composition of his Tour
to the Hebrides,
"I had the musical tour of that clever dog Burney in my eye."
The General History of Music from the earliest ages to
the present period, to which is prefixed a Dissertation on
the Music of the Ancients, appeared in 4 vols. 4to, Lon.,
1776-S9, Sir John Hawkins's work on the same subject
was pub. complete in 5 vols. 4to, in the same year in which
the 1st vid. of Burney's History made its appearance —
1776. We find the following comparison of their merits
in the Ilarmonicon :
" Have you read Sir Jnhn Hawkins's History ?
Some folks think it quite a mystery ;
Both I have, and I aver
That ISurney's History I prefer."
The Monthly Reviewers, whose smile was joy, and
whose frown was death, to many a trembling author of
the last century, give the preference altogether to Burney :
•'To Dr. B. the praise is justly due, of havini; first be^^un to
supply, in a niaslerly and able manner, a vacuity in our English
literature. Thi- hi- ra\ vaiaiu-y. indeed, on the shelvos of a library
was tilK-d by another History of Music before this was compiled:
but the woik before us, we hesitate not to pronounce, is the only
one yet produced of its kind, in our own, and. we believe, in any,
language- that can be read with satisfaction by real .judges of the
subject: the only one, in which they will find any thing approach-
ing to an union of all the requisites of a good musical historian :
— a thorough knowledge of the subject ; a sound and unprejudiced
judgmenl ; oriti'-ism equally supported by science and by taste.,
itnd much authentic and original information, rendered more in-
teresting byac<-if;iin 'nnruity^v/hich is the general character of
Dr. B.'s manner of writing, and which may best be defined, as the
diametrical opposite to every thing that we call dull and dri/. We
do not recollect any literary undertaking, of equal labour both in
research and execution, where that labour is more apparent to
the reader, when he considers the work, or less evident while he
reads it."
This last compliment is one of the most graceful which
we remember. One of Burney's biographers remarks :
" Between the two rival histories, the public decision was loud
and immediate in favour of Dr. Burney. Time has modified this
opinion, and brought the merits of each work to their fair and
proper level,— and adjudging to Burney the palm of style, nr-
rangement, and amusing narrative, and to Hawkins the credit of
minuter accuracy and deeper research; more particularly in the
points interesting to the antiquary, and the literarv world in
general."
Dr. Busby pub. in 1819 a General History of Music,
abridged from the works of Burney and Hawkins, in 2
vols. 8vo. Dr. Johnson interested himself in assisting the
researches of his friend, the Musical Doctor. He writes
to Dr. Wheeler, Nov. 2, 1778,
'■ Dr. Burney who brings this paper is engaged in a History of
Music, and having been told by Dr. Markham of some MSS. relat-
ing to his subject, which are in the library of your college, [Tri-
nity,] is desirous to examine them. He is'my friend: and. there-
fore. I take the liberty of entreating your favoui- and .tssistance in
his inquiry : and can assure you. with great confidence, that if you
knew him. he would not want any intervenient srilicitation to ot>-
tain the kindness of one who loves virtue and learning as you
love thiMH."'
On the same occasion, he invokes the good offices of
Dr. Edwards in behalf of Burney :
*' The bearer. Dr. Burney. has had some account of a Welsh
manuscript in tbi^ Bodleian library, from which he hopes to gain
some mat^M-ials for his History of Music; but being ignorant of
the language, is at a loss where to find assistance. I make no
doubt but you, sir. can help him throm;h his difficulties, and.
therefore, take the liberty of recommending him to your favour,
as I am sure you will find him a man worthy of every civility that
can be shown, and every benefit that can be conferred." See Bos-
Well's Life of Johnson.
The energy and industry with which Burney pur.?ued
hi.s laborious undertaking, merit warm comuiendation.
The four massive volumes were the product, he tells us,
"of moments stolen from sleep, from reflection, and from
an occupation which required all the author's attention
during more than twelve hours a day, for a great part of
the year." See preface to the General History of Music.
The Commemoration of Handel was celebrated at West-
minster Abbey in 1782, and at the request of the Earl of
Sandwich, Burney drew up a history of this occurrence,
entitled An Account of the Musical Performances in West-
minster Abbey and the Pantheon, in Commemoration of
Handel, Lon., 1785, 4to. In 1789 his distinguished friend,
Edmund Burke, procured for him the situation of organist
of Chelsea College. In 1796 he pub. his Memoirs of the
Life and Writings of the Abbot Metastasio, with trans, of
his Letters, 3 vols. 8vo. This was a subject in which the
doctor took a deep interest: he writes to his daughter
Fanny, Madame D'Arblay, May 7, 1795 :
" I am hallooed on prodigiously in my Metastasio mania. All
the critics — Warton. Twining. Nares. and Dr. Charles — say that
his Estrattn <HV Arte I\>t.tica d'Arist"tilr, whicli I am now translat-
ing, is the best piece of dramatic criticism that has ever been
written. 'Bless my heart!' says Warton; ' I, that have been all
my life defending the three unities, am overset.' ' Ay.' quoth I.
' has not he made you all ashamed of 'em? You learned folks are
only theorists in theatrical matters, but Metastasio had sixty
years' successful practice. There ! Oo to.' " — Diary and Letters of
Mtifiiime d'Arhhiy, vol. vj. 36; at p. 98 see reference to his Poetical
History of Astronomy.
The work was well received :
" Let it not be a reproach to our estimable biographer, that he
has described with the voluminous gravity of history, a group of
poets, singers, actors, and musicians. It is well that a work of
this kind should make its appearance. . . . The amusers of our
leisure, the artists of our pleasure.s. may justly be ranked among
the benefactors of society. Let it belong, then, to the muse of
feme, to elevate monuments over their remains, and to strew
tlowers on their grave, in token of grateful remembrance." —
Monthly BevifV). 1796.
In Phil. Trans.. 1779. will be found the doctor's Account
of an Infant Musician. He contributed to Rees's Cyclo-
pa?dia almost all the musical articles, for which he re-
ceived £1000, Dr. Burney was a familiar associate of the
most distinguished literary gentlemen of his time. Of his
children, James rose to the rank of admiral, Charles was
one of the most celebrated Hellenists of his age, and two
of his daughters. Frances (Madame D'Arblay) and Sarah
Harriet, were novelists. These will all be noticed in their
order. In ls06 Dr. B. was granted a pension of £300,
and in 1810 he was elected a. member of the Institute of
France. Mr. Jlacaulay justly blames Dr. Burney for
causing his daughter Frances to prolong her servitude at
Court as Keeper of the Robes :
" His veneration for mvalty amounted, in truth, to idolatry. It
can be conij)aiid 'inly tu tin- L'rmvlling superstition of those Syrian
devotees will I iiiaiii' \\u-\r iliiMrrn pass through the fire to Moloch."
Read this adniiraMr ski't'li. — ■'■ Mai lame d'Arl'lay," in Edin. Re-
view, January. 184^. and in Macaulay's Miscellanies.
In his general character, however,
" Dr. Burney was exemplary in all the relations of life ; and his
manners were said to possess all the graces of the Chesterfield
school, without any of its formality, or vicious alloy nf moral and
religious laxity. ... As a composer, his merits and claims are
unquestionably high."
The commendation of Sir William Jones is one of which
any one might, indeed, be proud :
" Dr. Burney gave dignity to the character nf the modern musi-
cian, by joining to it that of the scholar and philosopher."
Burney, Charles, Jr., D.D., 17o7-1817, a son of
the preceding, was a native of Lynn, Norfolk. He went
to the Charter-house in 1768, and from thence to Cains
College. Cambridge : he i)roeeeded M.A. in 1781: LL.D.
at Aberdeen in 1792: D.D. at Cambridge in 1808. Ho
was for some time engaged in an academy at Highgate,
and afterwards became a.^^sistant to Dr. Rose, the transla-
tor of Sallust. at Chiswick, whose daughter he mamed in
1788. He was from 1 78."^ to 1800 a contributor of classical
articles to tho Monthly Review, and for two or three years
was editor of the London Magazine. His dissertation in
the Monthly Review on Porson's Hecuba, and Wakefield's
Diatribe, was received with great respect by Hermann,
Gaisford, and other eminent Grecians. Appendix ad
Lexicon Gr. Lat. a Scapula, etc., 1789, 8vo : from some pa-
pers formerly in A.skew's possession. Appendi.\, contain-
ing Remarks on the Greek Verses of Milton, at the end
of J. Warton's edit, of Milton's Minor Poems, 1791, 8vo.
Richardii Bentleii et Doctorum Virorum Epistolae, 1807,
4to. Of this beautiful work only 200 copies were printed
for private circulation. Copies have sold as high as ten
guineas. Friedemann reprinted it at Leipsic in 1825.
Tentamen dc Metris ab Eschylo in Choricis Cantibus ad-
BUR
BUR
hibitus, 1809, 8vo. It is superfluous tn call the attention
of the wcninfnrined scholar to so s<'h(thirliko a work.
'•I'rofrmiid si-linhiisliip is here united with sm in wh useful plain-
ness of instniitinii, that we earnestly nvtiniiTifTiil tiui Tentamen to
the upper forms in our great seminaries of learning, and to our
young mon who are perusing the Lyric compositions of Ancient
Greece at the uniTersitics." — Lon. Monthbj Review.
Bishop Pearson's Exposition of the Creed, ahrid^erl, for
the Use of young Persons, 1810, 8vo; 2d edit. 1812, 12mo.
Philemonis Lexicon Technologicum etc. c Biblioth. Pa-
risiens. Lon., 1812, 4to and Svo.
''Philemon lived about the ninth century. The Lexicon of
which Villoisin has spoken in such high terms of approltntion, and
of which Ruhnken had given some extracts, is at len-.-th jmlilished
for the first time by Dr. Charles Burney, from the -MS. in tlie \a-
tional Library at Paris. All the learned are aware how much this
important Glossary was treasured by the early grammarians. We
are under great obligations to the editor for so valuable an ac-
cession to classical literature."
So discourses the Museum Criticum, but Bast calls at-
tention to the lact that the whole of this work had ori-
ginally appeared in the Lexicon of Plavorinus. Osann
reprinted it at Berlin in 1821. Its value is not so unques-
tionable as the Museum Criticum would have us believe.
Sermon preached at the Anniversary Meeting of the
Stewards of the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's, May
14th, 1812; Lon., 1813, 4to. The list of the Greek writers
in Harris's excellent Catalogue of the Lil)rary of the Royal
Institution, was drawn up by Dr. Burney.
•■ Dr. Charles Burney acquaints Mr. Harris th;it he iln-w up the
classical catalogue with a view to its being prhit>-d, wh-ih' and en-
tire. As there is no list of Greek books so anii)le. lu- still thinks
that its publication might be of service to the sale of the R. I.
Catalogue; but readily submits the matter to the decision of the
patrons." — Greemvich, March 3, 1809.
Consequently the list was pub. in the 2d edit, of the
Catalogue, Lon., 1821, r. Svo. Let the Bidlioguaphical
student procure it without delay.
Burney, Charles Parr, M.D., Archdeacon of Col-
chester, and Rector of Wickham. Sermon oa 2 Cor. iii. 5
Consecration of a Bishop, Lon., 1816, 4to.
Burney, Frances. See B'Arblay. Madame.
Burney, James, Rear-Admiral of the British navy,
1('39-1S21, son of Charles Burney, Mus. Doc, performed
two voyages of discovery with Captain Cook, being first
lieutenant in Cook's third voyage. On Cook's death he
acted as captain, and brought the " Di.scovery" home. At
the request of his friend. Sir Joseph Banks, he undertook
to compile a Chronological History of the Discoveries in
the South Sea, or Pacific Ocean; with a History of the
Buccaneers of America; this work was pub. Lon., 1803-
17, with maps and charts, in 5 vols. Ito.
*' This digest comprehends all the voyages in the South Pea. to
the reign of George TTI.; Ilawkesworth's acmimt nfConU's First
Voyage following without any chasm, as an itiiiiiiili:ili* si'iiuel."
Mr. Stevenson, referring to this work and Dalrymple's
Collection, remarks :
'•Both these works are by men qualified by science, learning,
research, and devotedness to their object, to perfonn well what they
undertook on any subject connected with geography and disco-
very."— Hi.sloT-ical Sketch, etc.
" Burney's is a masterly digest of Voyages in the South Sea, dis-
playing a rare union of nautical skill, and literary research." — Lon.
Quarierb/ Review.
'• L'introduction renferme une relation succinte de toutes les
decouvertes faites avant le voyage de Magellan. L'auteur a coa-
sulte et compare k cet etfet toutes les relations qui nous restent
sur ces d^couvertes; mais en general, il a suivi celles de FS'in-ara
et de PiLrafetta." Voyez Bibliothfeque tiniverselle des Voyages. Ac,
par G. Boucher de la Richarderie. A Paris. 1808, 6 vols. Svo.
Chronological History of North-Eastern Voyages of
Discovery, and of the early Eastern Navigations of the
Russians, 1319, Svo. Plan of Defence against Invasiim,
1796, 4to. Measures recommended for the Support of
Public Credit, 1797, 4to. The Burneys were all favourites
of Dr. Johnson. We have seen {ante) how much interest
ho ftlt in the father's success. It is pleasing to see the
following evidence that his regard was continued to the
son : he refers to Captain Burney's appointment to the
** Bristol," in 1781:
'■ I am willing to hear, however, that there is happiness in the
world, and delighted to think on the pleasure diffused among the
Burneys. I riuestion if any ship upon the ocean goes out with
more good wishes than that which carries the fate of Burney.'' —
Letter to Mrs. Tfiralf.
Burney, Richard, Rector of St. Peter's, Canterbury.
King Charles the Second presented to the Houses of Par-
liament in their next Session as Strength, Honour, and
Peace of the Nations j delivered in eight sermons, Lon.,
(1660,) 4to.
"Written in a vaunting and bombast style." — Lowndes.
Burney, Sarah Harriet, half-sister to Frances
Burney, was also a novelist, but not so fortunate in gain-
ing the public attention. Geraldine Fauconberg ; a Novel,
1808, 3 vols. 12mo. The Wanderer, or Female Difficulties,
1814, 5 vols. 12mo. The Shipwreck; being vol. i. of the
Talcs of the Fancy, 1815, 12nio. Traits of Nature; a
Novel, 1812, 4 vols.; 2d edit., LS12, 5 vols. 12mo.
" We have before remarked that tngether with family talents, we
discern a family likeness in this lady's productions : and the same
idea is excited by the volumes before us. In particular, the he-
roine, Adela, strikes us as bearing a resemblance to Evdina, in
character and situation." — Xoh. Monthly Review, IS13.
"This lady has copied the style of her relative, but has not her
rafiness of humour, or power of painting the varieties of the hu-
man spi-cies." — Chdinhcrs's C'/chp(viiia of Enr/. Lit.
Buruey, William, LL.D., 1762-1832. Master of the
Royal Academy, Gosport. The Naval Heroes of (_!reat
Britain, 1806, 12mo. The British Neptune. 1806, 12mo.
A New Universal Dictionary for the Marine, enlarged from
Falconer, 1815, 4to. Falconer's work was pub. 1769, and
in 1771, '80, and 'SO, 4to.
Burnham, R. G,, an American author. Cancelling
Arithmetic. Arithmetic for Common Schools and Acade-
mies. Part I, Mental Arithmetic.
''The philosophy of the modo of teaching adopted in this work
is: Commence where the child commences, and proceed as the
child proceeds: fall in with his own mode of arriving at truth;
aid him to think for himself, and do not the thinking for him."
Part Second, Written Arithmetic.
"It is the result of a Inng experience in teaching, and contains
suflicient of arithmetic for the practical business purposes of life."
Burnham, Richard. Pious Memorials; or, the
Power of Religion upon the Mind in Sickness and at
Death, Lon., 1753, 8vo, and 1S20. Svo ; pub.by Mr. Burdcr.
In the preface to this work will be found some u.-^eful
anecdotes and devout reflections by Mr. Hervey, author
of the Meditations, &c.
Burns, Allan, a native of Glasgow, and a teacher of
anatomy and surgery. Observations on Diseases of the
Heart. Illustrated by Cases, Edin., 1809, Svo. Obs. on
the Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 1812, Svo.
Burns, Arthur. Method of Surveying, Chester,
1771, Svo.
Burns, Jabez, D.D. The Parables and Miracles of
Jesus Christ. Lon., 12mo.
" An admirable volume, full of the loftiest truths and the most
valualile deductions and applications." — Lou. Spfcta/or.
400 Sketches and Skeletons of Sermons, 4 vols. 12mo;
ditto for Special Occasions, 1 vol. 12mo.
"The author is a man of the right stamp; watching for souls as
one that must give account." — Rrvivalist.
Light for the House of Mourning: a Book for the Be-
reaved. Light for the Sick Room: a Book for the Afflicted.
" An excellent book for the invalid's chamber." — Lon. Baptist
Mngazine.
"A treatise benevolently conceived, powerfully written, and
well adapted to answer the ends for which it has been composed."
— Lnn. Mnminfj Herald.
Other religious works.
Burns, John, M.D., Regius Professor of Surgery in
the University of Glasgow. The Principles of Surgery,
Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo.
" A very comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice
of surgery." — Lon. M-^dico-Ghirurgical Review.
Principles of Midwifery ; 10th edit, enlarged, 1843, Svo.
Treatment of Diseases of Women and Children, Svo. Guide
to Health, 12mo. Principles of Christian Philosophy, 6th
edit, 1846, 12mo. Christian Fragments, or Remarks on the
Nature, Precepts, and Comforts of Religion, 1844, f. Svo.
*■ We recomnu-nd this volume with sincere pleasure to our read-
ers as an admirable manual of devotiou, and a safe companion in
seasons of distress." — Lrm. Athenceum.
Other professional works.
Burns, Robert, b. January 25, 1759, d. July 21.
17915, was a native of the Parish of AUoway, near Ayr,
Scotland. His father, a small farmer, sent him to the
county .'ichool in the neighbourhood, where he acquired a
knowledge of the English branches, to which he subse-
quently adiled a limited acquaintance with Latin, French,
and geometry. Ho eagerly devoured all the books which
fell in his way, and Guthrie's Grammar, the Gardener's
Directory, and Ilervey's Meditations, engrossed the time
spared from the Seasons of Thomson and the Plays of
I Shakspeare. When about 16 he " first committed," to u.«e
1 his own phraseology, "the sin of rhyme." His powers
were first awakened, as is usually the case with young
poets, by an affair of the heart. In essaying the accents
of affection, his muse found its voice, and the gift once
discovered was not Hkely to be disregarded. His poems
circulated in manuscript through the ci>nntry, and were
much admired by his rural readers, and ho had no incon-
siderable fame as a poet, when some friends persuaded
him to publish a volume in order to defray his expenses to
Jamaica, where he hoped to obtain a situation as overseer
on a plantation. His first project had been emigration to
301
BUR
the tTnited States. Accordingly the volume was pub, in
17S6, 8vo, at Kilmarnock, and met with great success, the
600 copies resulting in a profit of £20, which was a small
fortune to the young author. Burns now engaged his
passage, embraced his friends, and sent his chest to
Greenock to be placed on board a vessel bound for Ja-
maica, when he received through a letter to a friend, an
imvitation from Dr. Blacklock to visit Edinburgh. It was
accepted, for — remarks Burns —
" His opinion that I would meet with encourajrement in Edin-
Ijur^h for a second edition of my poems, tired me so much, that
away I posted for that city, without a single acquaiut.auce, or a
single letter of introduction."
He was greatly admired in Edinburgh. Dr. Robertson,
Dugald Stewart, Henry Mackenzie, and other men of note,
felt a pleasure in drawing .admiring crowds round the rustic
poet, whose conversational abilities struck his auditors with
as much surprise as they had experienced from the perusal
of his verses.
" It needs no effort of imairination to conceive what the sensa-
tions of an isolated set of scholars (almost all either clergymen or
professors) must have l:ieen in the presence of this big-boned, black-
browed, brawny stranger, with his great flashing eyes, who having
forced liis way among them from the plough-tail, at a single stride,
manifested in the wbole strain of his bearing and conver.s.ation, a
most thorough conviction that in the society of the most eminent
men of his nation, he was exactly where he was entitled to be ;
hardly deigned to flatter them by e.xhibiting even an occasional
symptom of being flattered by their notice: by turns calmly mea-
sured himself against the most cultivated understandings of his
tiaie, in discussion ; overpowered the 1>on vujtf: of the most celebrated
conTivi.alists by bruiid floods of merriment, impregnated with all
the burning litV of g,-nius ; astounded bosoms habitually enveloped
in the thricL-piled folds of social reserve, by compelling them to
tremble — nay to tremble visibly — iieneath the fearless touch of
natural pathos." — Lockhart.
The Bishop of Aberdeen, whom Burns visited when in
that city not long after, gives us a high opinion of the poet's
power of interesting hia new friends:
■' As to his personal appearance, it is very much in his favour.
He is a genteel-looking young man. of good address, and t.alks with
as much propriety as if he had received an academical education.
He lias, indeed, a flow of language, and seems never at a loss to
express himself in the strongest and most nervous manner. On
my quoting with surprise, some sentiments of the Ayrshire plmu-
vinn. ' Well.' said he. ' and a plowman I was from my youth, and
till within these two years had my shoes studded with a hundred
tackets. But even then I was a reader, and h.ad very e.irly made
all the Knglish poets famili.ar to me. not forgetting the old bards
of the best of all the poetical books, the Old Testament.'"— Bis/iop
,Sh-i/in€r's LefUr to Ids snn.
A second edition of his poems was pub. at Edinburgh in
1787, 2 vols. 8vo; the immediate profit of which, includ-
ing copyright and subscriptions, was £700, and a further
sum was subsequently received by the successful author.
This large receipt in a day of comparatively few readers,
is to be attributed to the fact that many sub.«cribers volun-
tarily paid one and two guineas per copy, instead of the
sis shillings required. The 2800 copies were subscribed
for by 1500 individu.als. At Edinburgh Burns unfortu-
nately acquired those habits of intemperance and associa-
tion with the profligate which proved his bane. He returned
in 1788 to Ayrshire, appropriated £200 of his fortune to
the relief of his aged mother and his brother, and married
Jean Armour, (his "Bonny Jean,") an old acquaintance,
the daughter of a mason in Mauchlin. His first love,
" Highland Mary," (Mary Campbell.) fell a victim to a ma-
lignant fever when making preparations for her marriage
to our poet. Ho commemorated her in his touching elegy
'* To Mary in Heaven," in language which will outlast the
sculptured marlde and storied urn of the noljle's tomb. By
means of the mistaken friendship of Dr. Wood, Burns was
appointed an e-vciseman or ganger, (worth £70 per annum,)
which threw into the way of temptation an :ippctite already
soliciting the excitement of the intoxicating bowl. A be-
nevolent gentleman, Mr. Peter Millar, leased him the farm
of Ellisland, on the banks of the Nith, in Dumfriesshire,
on very advantageous terms, and he had every encourage-
ment to lead a virtuous life, relieving agricultural toil by
converse with the muse ; but intemperance had now become
a confirmed habit, and rendered him an easy prey to a fever
which carried him off at the early age of thirty-seven years
and six months. He had removed to the town of Dumfries
in 1791. In 1792 he contributed to A Select Collection of
original Scottish Airs for the Voice, all the songs which
form vol. 3d of the edit, of his works in 'i vols. 1 2mo. He pub.
a third edit, of his poems at Dumfries in 1793. He also
contributed to, we may almost say edited, Mr. J.ames John-
eon's Scots' Musical Museum, pub. in 6 vols., 1787-1803;
in 1839 a new edit., with Notes and Illustrations, was pub.
An ed. of Burns's works was pub. in 1798, 2 vols. Svo. Works,
wiih Life and Criticisms, &c., by James Currie, Liverp.,
1800, 4 vols. 8vo; several edits. Bcliqucs, Letters, Ac, by
303
BUR
R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1808. 8vo. Select Scottish Songs, by
R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. Works, 5 vols. Svo.
Poems ascribed to Robert Burns, Glasg., 1801, 8vo : this
vol. contains some pieces omitted by Currie, who left out
many exceptionable ones. Letters addressed to Clarinda,
Glasg., 1802, 12mo. This vol. was suppressed. Heron's
Memoirs of the Life of Burns, Edin., 1797, 8vo. Views in
North Britain, to illustrate the Poems of Burns, by Storer
and Greig, 1805, 4to. Poems, with Life, Remarks on his
writings, ic, 1811, 2 vols. Svo; this edit, contains many
poems and letters not in Carrie's collection. A Critique on
the Poems of Burns, 1812, Svo. Review of the Life of
Burns, by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1S15, Svo. A Letter rela-
tive to Currie's edit, of Burns, by 'William Wordsworth,
1816, Svo. The Poems and Songs of Bums, by the Rev
Hamilton Paul, Glasg., 1S19. Works of Burns, by his
brother Gilbert Burns, 1S20, 4 vols. Svo. A Pilgrimage to
the Land of Burns, 1822, Svo. A Series of Illustrations
of the Poems of Burns, by W. Kidd. The Life of Burns,
by J. G. Lockhart, Edin.. 182S. Svo; 5th edit., Lon., 1847,
fp. Svo. Life and Works of Burns, by Robert Chambers,
1857, 4 vols. Svo. Up to the present year (1858) perhaps
115 edits, have been issued in all ! The illustrated edition
by Blackio A Son, Edin., 2 vols. r. Svo, preceded by Prof.
Wilson's Essay on the Genius and Character of Burns, and
Dr. Currie's Memoir of the Poet, with Notes and Literary
and Pictorial Hlustrations, has met with great favour.
" It is all that the admirers of the national Poet can desire ; com-
plete, accurate, and handsome."— i'^n. MonUily Beview.
"The Illustrations are executed in the first style of art. and the
typographical department of the work cannot be surpassed." — ion.
AtUis.
Allan Cunningham's edition, (pub. by Henry 6. Bohn,)
with Life by A. C. and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, Thomas
Campbell, Wordsworth, and Lockhart, 1S47, contains 160
pieces more than are to be found in Currie's edition. Mr.
Bohn's edit, contains 848 pages, whereas one pub. in similar
shape professing to be " the only complete edition," contains
but 504 pages, the matter being two-thirds only of Bohn's
edit. In the latter the life by Cunningham fills 164 pp. ;
whilst in the former it is abridged and comprised in 47
pages. It is an interesting fact that within a year from
the publication of Burns's Poems in Edinburgh, 1787, two
editions were pub. in the United States, viz. : in New York
and in Philadelphia, 178S.
The melancholy story of Burns adds another to the dark
catalogue of the victims of the arch-demon Intemperance.
When will men learn to shun all companionship with that
fell enemy which " steals away the brains." destroys the
peace, and blasts the reputation, and effectually ruins the
bodies and souls of its votaries?
We conclude with some brief extr.act5 from opinions on
this distinguished son of song:
'■ Burns is by far the greatest poet that ever sprung from the bo-
som of the people and lived and died in an humble condition.
Indeed, no country in the world but Scotland could have produced
such a man: aud'he will be forever regarded as the glorious reprt-
sentative of the genius of his country. He was born a poet, if
ever man was. and to his nativi- g.niu.< alone is owing the perpe-
tuity of his fame. For he manil.-stly bad never deeply studied
poetry asan art. nor reasoned much about its principles, nor looked
abroad into the wide ken of intellect for objects and subjects on
which to pour out his inspiration The strings of his lyre some-
times yield their finest musictothe sighsof remorse or repentance.
■Whatever, therefore, be the faults or defects of the poetry of Burns
—and no doubt it has many- it has. beyond all that was ever writ-
ten, this greatest of all merits, intense, life-pervading, and lili?-
hreathiug truth."— Prof. Wilson's iSsay on the Genius and Clmradcf
of Burns. ,,,,., ±
" All tliat remains of Burns, the writings he has left, seem to us
no more than a poor mutilated fraction of what was in him ; brief,
broken glimpses of a genius that could never show itself com-
plete; that wanted all things ti>r completeness: culture, leisure,
true etTort. nay, even length of life. His poems are, with scarcely
any exception", mere occasional effusions, poured forth with little
premeditation, expressing, by such means as offered, the passion,
opinion, or humour of the hour. Never in one instance was it
permitted to gr.apple with any sul)ject with the full collection of
his strength, to fuse and mould it in the concentrated fire of his
genius. To try by the strict rules of art such imperfect frag-
ments, would be a't once unprofitable and unfair. Nevertheless,
there is something in these poems, marred and defective as they
are. which forbids the most fastidious student of poetry to pass
them by. . . . Theexcellenceof Burns is. indeed, among the rarest,
whether in poetry or prose; but. at the same time, it is plain, and
easily recognised— his indisputable air of truth."— TnoM.is Caeltu; :
EiHu. RrvieWy xlviii. 273.
"The rank of Burns is the very first of his art."— Loan BvaoN.
"The life of the poor peasant is very interesting. His letters
are very extraordinary. Some of the additional songs [pub, in
Currie's edit.] are much more perfect than his compositions pub-
lished during his life: and there are some which I cannot help
numbering amongst the happiest productions of human genius.
. — Sir .lAMES .Mackixtosr.
" He has in all his compositions great force of conception, and
BUR
great spirit, and animation in its expression. He has taken a larpe
lan^e throu^ti the rej^ion of Fancy, and naturalized himself in
almost atl her climates. lie has great humour, — great powei-s of
description, — great pathos, — and great discrimination of character.
Almost everything that he says has spirit and originahty: and
every thing that he says well is characterized by a ch.arming fa-
cility, which gives a grace even to occasional rudeness, and com-
municates to the reader a delightful sympathy with the spontane-
ous soaring and inspiration of the poet," — Lord Jeffrey.
"Burns was in truth the child of passion and feeling. His
character was not simply that of a peasant e.xalted into notice by
uncommon literary attainments, but bore a stamp which mus"t
have distinguished him in the highest as in the lowest situation
of life. . . . When his soul was intent on suiting a javourite air
with words humorous or tender, as the subject demanded, no poet
of our tongue ever displayed higher skill in marrying melody to
Immortal verse." — Lon. Quarterly Rcmiw, i. 32.
"The prose works of Burns consist almost entirely of his letters.
They bear, as well as his poetry, the ,seal and impress of his ge-
nius: but they contain much more bad taste, and are written with
far more app.arent labour. His Poetry was almost all written pri-
marily from feeling, and only secondarily from ambition. His
letters seem to have been nearly all composed as exercises and for
display,"
" We are yet living under the moral influence of Burns, and are
unaware of all the fruit it may ripen; we see his breathing and
vivifying spirit everywhere abroad. Not only is it manifest in
the philosophy of Wordsworth, in the glorious lyrics of Campbell,
in the patriotic melodies of Moore: but wherever, in the vast and
crowded haunts of labour and tiadc, the humble artisan feels the
sense of his own dignity — burns with the desire of the beautiful —
is haunted with the dreams of knowledge, — gathers up the daisy
from the ploughshare, and estimates at their true distinctions of
value the ' guinea stamp,' and the'gowd' — there, yet glows, ele-
vates, and inspires the royal and gentle spirit,with its lion courjlge
and dove-like tenderness,of Kobert Burns," — Edin. Review.
" As a poet Burns stands in the front rank. Ills conceptions
are all original ; his thoughts are new and weighty: his style un-
borrowed ; and he owes no honour to the subjects which his muse
selected; for they are ordinary, and such as would have tempted
no poet, save himself, to sing about, AH he has written is distin-
guished by a happy carelessness; a flue elasticity of spirit: and a
singular felicity of expression: — by the ardour of an impassioned
heart, and the vieour of a clear understanding. His language is
familiar, yet dignified ; careless, yet concise ; he sheds a redeeming
light on all he touches; whatever his eye glances on rises into life
and beauty. Of Beauty itself he has written with more fervour
and inspiration tb.an all other modern poets put together; the
compliments he p,ays are destined to live while we have loveliness
in the Land. He is the poet of freedom as well as of beauty; his
song of the Bruce, his ' Man's a man for a' that,' and others of the
same mark, will endure while the language lasts He owes
nothing to the poetry of other lands— he is the offspring of the
soil_: he is as natural to Scotland as the heath is to her hills: his
variety is equal to his originality; his humour, his gayety, his
tenderness, and his pathos, come all in a breath : they come freely,
for they come of their own accord : the contrast is never offensive ;
the comic slides easily into the serious, the serious into the tender!
and the tender into the p.athetic." — All.^n CnNNTxc!H.lM.
Burns, Robert, son of the preceding. The Cale-
donian Musical Museum, a Complete Vocal Library, 1809,
12mo.
Burns, Robert, one of the ministers of Paisley.
Letter to Rev. Dr. Chalmers on the Protestant and Roman
Catholic Religions. Paisley, 1818, 8vo, Hist, Dissert, on
the Law and Practice of Great Britain, and particularly of
Scotland, with regard to the Poor, 2d edit,, Edin,,lS19, 8vo.
" Hardly worth notice, the useful matter being of limited amount,
and buried under a load of irrelevant rubbish."— 3/cCV;&cA"5 Lit.
of Ptilit. Ecmimni/.
Burns, Thomas. Sermons on the Fast, 1803, 8to.
Burns, Wm. Tendency of Methodism, 2 pts., 1810-12.
Burnside, A, W. Catechism on the Common Prayer,
Lon.. IS).'). 12mo.
Burnside, R. The Fruits of the Spirit, 1805, 8to.
Burnside, Robert. Eeligiou of Mankind, Lon.,
1810, 2 vols, 8yo, '
Burnyeat, John. Truth E.^alted in the Writings of
that Eminent and Faithful servant, J. Burnyeat, 1691, 4to,
Burr, Aaron, 1714-1757, an eminent divine, and se-
cond President of the College of New .Jersey, was a native
of Fairfield, Connecticut, a descendant of the Rer. Jona-
than Burr of Suffolk, England, for 18 years a minister at
Dorchester, Mas.sachusetts. Aaron Burr married in 1752
a daughter of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, (his suc-
cessor in the Presidency of the College,) by whom he h.id
two children, viz, Aaron, late Vice-President of the United
States, and a daughter, who was married to Judge Reeve
Mr, Burr was one of the principal founders of the College
oyer which he was, in 17-tS, upon the death of Jonathan
Dickinson, called to preside. The charter, which had
never been carried into operation, was hy Mr. Burr's in-
fluence enlarged by Governor Belcher, Oct. 22, 1746,'and
.Jonathan Dickinson was appointed President. The insti-
tution was first established at Elizabeth town, then removed
to Newark, and in 1757 to Princeton, The first commence-
ment was in 1748, when si.'c young men graduated, five of
whom became ministers. See Dicki.nson, .Jonathan.
BUR
Mr. Burr pub. 1. A Treatise entitled The Supreme Deity
of our Lord Jesus Christ maintained, in a Letter to the
dedication of Mr, Emlyu's Inquiry; this was reprinted in
1791. 2. A Fast Sermon on account of the encroachments
of the French, Jan. 1, 1755, .3, The Watchman's Answer
to the Question, "What of the Night ?" a sermon, 1756.
4. A Funeral Sermon on Governor Belcher, 1757.
"This was preached but a few days before his own death; and
his exertions, in a very feeble state of health, to honour the me-
mory of a highly respected friend, it is thought, accelerated that
event.' .See Livingston's Funeral Elog. ; Smith's Serm., and pref
to Burr's Serm, on Belcher; Miller, ii. 345; Edw-ards's Life, app ■
Green's Disc, 300-313 ; Savage's Winthrop, xi. 22; Allen's Amer
Biog. Diet.
Burr, Colonel Aaron, 1756-1836, Vice-President
of the U. States, 1801-05, was a ,son of the preceding.
The Private Journal of Aaron Burr during his residence
of four years in Europe, with Selections from his Corre-
spondence, by Matthew L. Daris, N, York, 1838, 2 vols.
8vo. Memoirs of Aaron Burr, with Selections from his
Correspondence, by Matthew L. Davis, 1837, '38, 2 vols, 8vo,
Life of Aaron Burr, by Saml, L, Knapp, 1835, 12mo, Life
and Times of Aaron Burr, by J, Parton, N,Y., 1858, 8vo.
Burr, G. D. Instructions iu Practical Surveying,
Lon., 1846; 2d cd., p, 8vo : for the use of young officers,
civil and military engineers, architects, &e. It is used at
the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
Burr, Mrs. Higford. Sketches in Spain, The Holy
Land, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece, 14 fine plates, Lon.,
1841, imp, Iblio. These plates are beautifully coloured in
imitation of the original drawings: pub, at six guineas.
Burr, Thomas Benge. History of Tunbridge Wells,
Lon,, 1776, 8vo,
"A book of considerable merit, though written by a Journey-
man Bookseller." — W.\tt.
"A well-written and entertaining work." — Lowndes.
Burrel, Alexander. Assize Sermon, 1725, 8vo.
Burrel, Andrew. Proposals for a Critical Analysis
of all the Hebrew and Chaldaic Words in the Old Testa-
ment, Lon,, 1738, 8vo.
Burrel, J. Letter, 1810. Sermon, 1812.
Burrel, George. Charities, Ac. of Hartford, 1809, 8vo.
Burrel, John. Divine Right of Kings, Serm.,168.3,4to.
Burrell, Percival. Sermon, Lon., 1629, 4to.
Burrell, Lady Sophia, d, 1802, a daughter of Sir
Charles Raymond, m.arried in 1773, "with a fortune of
£100,000," Sir William Burrell, who died 1796, In 1797
she m.arried the Rev, William Clay of Nottinghamshire.
Poems, Lon,, 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. The Thvmbriad, from
Xenophon's Cyropa?dia, 1794, 8vo. Telemac'hus, 1794, 8vo.
Theodora, or the Spanish Daughter ; a Tragedy, 1800, 8vo.
Maximian ; a Tragedy from Corneille, 1800, Svo, The
Test of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811, Svo.
"Lady Burrell's poetical talents do honour to her pen. . . . She
has attempted the ludicrnm and the satirieal. not without success;
and, in several sketches from nature, she has shown herself a po-
etical Teniers," — Lem. Mtjnihhj Bevieiv. 1793.
Burrell, William. Assize Sermons, 1712, 8vo.
Burrhus. See Bui!Roi-ghs, Sir John, Knt,
Burridge, Ezekiel. Historia Nupera; Rerum Mu-
tationis in Anglia. Londini, 1697, Svo.
Burridge, Richard. The Faith of a Converted
Atheist, Lon., 1712, Svo,
Burrill, Alexander M., born in the city of New York.
Graduated at Columbia College, 1824. Studied law under
Chancellor Kent. Admitted to the Bar in the State of
New York, 1828. 1. A Treatise on the Practice of the
Supreme Court of the State of New York. 2 vols. Svo,
1840 ; a second edition, much enlarged, 3 vols. Svo, 1S46.
This work is favourably reviewed in the U, S, Law Maga-
zine fur July, 1850. 2. A Law Dictionary and Glossary,
2 vols, r, Svo, 1850.
" It is the most complete and perfect work of the kind that has
fallen under my observation, and cannot fail to be hi'jhly useful,
not only to the student, but also to the experienced practitioner.
No law library should be without it. It is a work that need only
bo known to be appreciated."— S. Nelson, Justice of the Supreme
Cenirt of the United States.
Very favourable reviews of this Law Dictionary will be
found in the Penn. Law Journal, Nov., 1850; U.S. Law
Mag., July. 1850— April, 1851 ; Boston L.aw Reporter,
March, 1851 ; New York Code Reporter, May, 1851 ; Lon.
Legal Examiner, Dec, 1853; Kent's Commentaries, 7th
edit,, vol. i. p. 559 ; Ac. 3. A Treati.se on the Law and
Practice of Voluntary Assignments for the benefit of Cre-
ditors, Svo, 1S53. 4, A Treatise on Circumstantial Evi-
dence, Svo, 1856,
Burrington, George, Governor of South Carolina.
Answer to Dr, Win. Brackenridge's Letter concerning the
303
BUR
number of inhabitants within the London Bills of Mor- I
tality, 1767, 8vu.
BurriniStoii, Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter. Rector
of Woodleifjh, and Vicar of Chudleigh. An Arrangement
of the Genealogies in the Old Testament and Apocrypha,
Ac, Lon., lSo6, 2 vols. 4to.
" A very el.iborate work, illustrated by copious notes, critical,
philologiciil. and explanatory, which are the result of lonj; and l.v
borious study, and which materially elucidate many verbal and
chronological difficulties." See T. II. Home's Introduction, and
Lowndes's Brit. Lil)rarian"s (luide. 340.
Burrish, Ousloiv. Ilatavia lUustrata, Lon., 1729,
8vo : Policy .and Commerce of the United Provinces.
Burritt, Elihu, h. lull. New Britain. Conn., known
as the Learned Blacksmith. He acquired a knowleilgc
of the Hebrew, (ireek, Syriac, Spanish. Danish, Bohemian,
and Polish languages. In 1842 he translated some of
the Icelandic sagas. Contrih. to the Amer. Eelec. Rev.
a series of translations from the Samaritan, Arabic, and
Hebrew. In 1S43 he began the study of the Ethiopic,
Persian, and Turkish langu.iges: the Latin and French
he studied while an apprentice to his trade. His works
are: Sparks from the Anvd; A Voice from the Forge;
Thoughts and Things at Home and Abroad, 1854; Peace-
Papers for the People ; and Miscellaneous Works, Lon.,
12mo. He has been the editor of many journals, and has
travelled and lectured throughout Europe and America.
Burritt, Elijah H., brother of the preceding. Log.
Arithmetic. Geography of the Heavens : many edits.
Burrough, Edward, 1634-1668, a native of West-
moreland, embraced Quakerism, and laboured for its ex-
tension with great zeal. Ho was imprisoned in Newgate
for preaching, and died there. Visitation of Ireland, by
E. B. and Francis Howgill, Lon., 16.i6, 4io. Message to
the Present Rulers of England. 1659, 4to. Wholesome
Informatiim to the King of Engl.ind, 1660, fol. He did
not shrink from bearing his testimony both to Cromwell
and Charles II., and obtained from the latter an order to
stop the persecutions which his sect were suffering from
in New England. Ho pub. several other treatises. His
works were collected in 1 vol. fol. : The Memorable Works
of a Son of Thunder and Consolation, 1672. This is now
very rare, and held at a high price.
Bitrroiigh, G. F. Narrative of the Retreat of the
British Army from Burgos ; in a series of Letters, 1814. Svo.
Burroiigh, Henry, Prebendary of Peterborough.
Lectures on the Catechism, Confirmation, and Religious
Vows, 1773, 8vo.
Burroiigh, James, M.D. A Case of Bulinea, Phil.
Trans., 17110.
Burrough, John. Visitation Sermon, 1718, 8vn.
Burroughes, Edward. Essays on Priictical Hus-
bandry and Rural Economy, 1820, 8vo.
'' His attention was much turned upon ^reen crops, which he
raised and used very systematicilly aud successfully. The author
was not carried away by any reverie, or visionary schemes; sulj-
stantial utility was close behiud every practice, and sanctioned
every opcratinn." — Dtiitahhon's AftriatU. liifij.
Burroughes, Jeremiah, 1699-1646, a Puritan di-
vine, educated at Cambridge, was ejected for Nonconform-
ity. Rector of Titshall, 1631; Minister at Rotterd.im;
preached at Stepney and Cripplegate, 1642. E.Kcellency
of a Generous Spirit, Lon., 1639, Svo. Moses, 1641, 4to.
Exposition of the Three First Chapters of Hosea; ncwed.,
with Notice of the Author, by James Sherman. 1843, Svo.
*• A very practical and doctrinal work: does not include the last
chapter; but Bisliop Reynulda and Dr. Sil>bs have expositions on
that chapter."— BlCKLBs'lETU.
The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment, 1649, 4to ;
new edit., 1845.
" This Hare Jewel is truly a jewel, which still shines as bright
as ever."
It is highly commended by Goodwin, Simpson, Green-
hill, Bridge, and many of the principal writers of his time.
He pub. some other theological treatises.
" Jeremiah Burroughes was a writer of much piety, good sense,
and evangelical matter."'— BicKEESTErn,
As a preacher, also, he was greatly admired :
" Baxter used to say that, if all rresbyterians had been like Mr.
Marshall, and all Independents like Mr. Burroughes, their differ-
ences mi'iht easily have been cnnipromised.'
Burroughs', E. II. and H. B. Gresson. The Irish
Equity Pleader, Dubl.. 1842, Svo.
Burrouglis, Francis. Epistle to James Barry,
ISOft. Sv(..
Burroughs, James. Occasional Serms., 1733, Svo.
'■ Serious, elaborate, and useful discourses."— Dr. DoDDRinoE.
Burroughs, Jeremiah. View of Popery, 1716, Svo.
Burroughs, John. Devout Psalmodist: 2 Serms.,
1813, Svo.
3U1
BUR
Burroughs, Borough, or Burrhus, Sir John,
d. 1643; was knighted 1624; made Garter King-at-Arms,
1 (;.5'3. Impetus Juveniles et qusedam iSelectiores aliquan-
tulum Animi Epistola;, 1643, Svo. Among the principal
names are those of Philip Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon,
Thomas Farnabie, Thomas Coppin. and Sir Henry Spel-
man. The Sovereignty of the British Seas, proved by
Records, History, and the municipall Lawes of the King-
dom : written in the year 1633, Lon., 1661, 12mo. Wood
informs ns that Sir John made A Collection of Records in
the Tower of London.
Burroughs, Joseph, 1684-85-1761, anative of Lon-
don, educated at the University of Leyden. pastor of a
Baptist congregation. Barbican, London. 1717, was a man
of considerable learning. Two Discourses on Private In-
stitutions; concerning Baptism, Lon., 1742, Svo. Ser-
mons, pub. separately. 1713-55.
Burroughs, Samuel. History of the Chancery :
relating to the Judicial Power of that Court, and Rights
of the Master, Lon., 1726, 12mo.
" Lord King was so much pleased with the work that he re-
warded the author with a mastership in Chancery." — Coopet-'s Ve-
ficts nf Cliiuicrry.
Legal Judicature in Chancery stated, Ac, Lon., 172 1,
Svo. In this work the author is said to have had the as-
sistance of Mr. (afterwards Bishop) Warburton. — Hurd's
Life of Warburton.
Burroughs, Stephen. Life of, by himself. A book
once very popular in New England; repub. In Pbilo.,
1848.
Burroughs, or Burroughes, Thomas. A Sove-
rain Remedy for all kin, is of Grief. Ps. xxxix. 9, 1662, 4to.
Burroughs, W. K. Lectures on Genesis, 1S48.
Burrow, Edward J., D.D. Elements of Conchology,
Lon., 1S15, 'IS. Svo. Hours of Devothin ; trans, from the
German, 1830, Svo. Remarks on the Elgin Marbles, Svo.
Scholar's Companion to the Bible, 12mo. A Summary of
Christian Faith and Practice. 1822, 3 vols. 12mo.
"Confirmed by references to the text of Holy Scripture; com-
pared with the liturgy, articles, and homilies of the Church of
England ; and illustrated by extracts from the chief of those works
which received the s.anction of public authority, from the time of
the Reformation, to the final revision of the established formular
ries."
Burrow, Edward J. Book of Rates on Merchan-
dise, Glasg.. 1774. fol.
Burrow, Sir James, 1701-17S2, appointed Master
of the Crown Office in 1724, held this office until his death,
making the long term of 58 years. During the
"Memoralile presidency of the great Earl of Mansfield, Sir
James seems to have been the first reporter of law cases."
Reports in K. B. in the time of Lord Mansfield, 1756-
72, Lon., 1766, 5 vols, fob; 5th edit., with notes and refer-
ences, by Serjeant HUl, Lon., 1S12, 5 vols. Svo. American
edits., Phila., 1808, 5 vols. Svo; condensed in 2 vols. Svo,
New York, 1833. These reports are highly valued as the
faithful repositories of Lord Mansfield's decisions. Bm--
row was a constant attendant at the King's Bench.
" The material fiiets of the cases are luminously detailed."
" The great reputation of the judge whose decisions Burrow re-
cords will preserve the reporter's n.ime, like the column designed
to perpetuate the fame of some illuiti ions action, or the memory
of a great name." See Marvin's Legal Bibb; Bridgman's Legal
Bibl.; Broi^ke's Bibl. Leg. ; Hoffman's Legal Study.
Sir James pub. Anecdotes and Observations relating to
Cromwell and his Famil}', 1763, 4to, and some other
works. Questions concerning Literary Property in the
case Miller v. Tayh.r. 1773. 4to, will be found at greater
length in the Reports, vol. iv.
Burrow, Reuben, d. 1791, a mathematici.an, was a
native of Hoberley, Yorkshire. Restitution of Apollo-
nins on Inclinations ; Doctrine of Projectiles, Ac, Lon.,
1773, 4to. Short Account of Mr. Burrow's Measurement
of a Degree of Longitude and one of Latitude, 1796.
Some of his papers will lie found in the Asiatic Transac-
tions. He was engaged in making a trigonometrical sur-
vey of Bengal at the time of his death.
BurroAV, Robert. Happy Influences of Society,
merely Civil; a serm., 1723, Svo. Scrm., 1729, Svo.
Burrowes, Amyas. Modern Encyclopaedia, 1816.
Burrowes, George, born at Trenton, N. J., ISll.
Commentary on the Song of Solomon. Contributor to
the Princeton Review, Ac
Burrowes, J. F. Piano-Forte Primer, Lon., 12mo.
Thorough-Bass Primer. 12mo.
Bnrrowes, Robert, D.D., Dean of Cork. A Serm.,
1795. Svo. Sermons on the First Lessons of the Sunday
Morning Service; with 4 Serms. on other subjects, 1817, Svo.
" In which sound doctrine, earnest exhortation, close reasoning,
depth of pathos, and forcible apphcation, are sevendly exhibited.
BUR
The language throutrhnut is simple, yet eloquent, and the style,
nervous, chaste, and dignified." — Cfin'stian Remfmhrancer.
Twelve Discourses on the Liturgy of the Church of Eng-
land, delivered in the Cathedral of St. Fin-Barr, Cork,
1834, 8vo.
Burrows, G. Mann, M.B., member of the Koyal Coll.
of Physicians of Lon., Ac. Commynturies on the Causes,
Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment of Insanity, Lon., 8vo.
" Many persons, professional, as well as extra-professional, have
naturally been desirous to learn from him to what method he has
been indebted for such eminent success. We have no doubt that
they will find thi-ir wishes most fully gratified by a perusal of this
division of his Treatise, in which the plan of tre-atment has been
unfolded with great simplicity, perspicuity, and judgment." —
Edin. Med. ami Surg. Jour., Jan. and April, 1829.
"It is a work containing an immense collection of important
practical information from various souices. digested and commented
on by a man of sound judgment, accurate observation, and exten-
sive experience." — M'dico-Chirurgiad Rii'ifW, N'rv. \%2^.
'' A faithful guide to the younger practitioner, and a useful com-
panion to those of maturer years."— Dr. Campbell, Physician Ui
tlie L. C. Lunatic Asylum.
''Your invaluable work on Insanity more minutely and intelli-
gibly details the causi-s and treatment of that important malady,
in all its modifications and forms, than any I have heretofore read.
It will in future be my text-book, and I am sure my best guide." —
Le((''rfirmi Dr. Penninglnn, Phy. in the Nultingkam Lunatic Asylum.
Dr. Burrows has also pub. a treatise On Disorders of the
Cerebral Circulation, Lon., 1843, 8vo, pp. 236.
" M'e have derived much gratification from the perusal of Dr.
Burrows's very able work, and strongly recommend its perus-il to
our readers. It is replete with interesting and practically useful
farts, and well supports the author's reputation as a careful and
judicious observer." — Medical Gazette.
Burrows, J., M.D. Essay on Cancers, 1767, 8vo.
Trans, of a medical treatise by M. De Velnos, 1770, 8vo.
Burscou^h, Robert, Treatise of Church Govern-
ment, Lon.. 1692, Svo. A Discourse of Schism, 1699, Svo.
Other treatises.
Burscou^h, Wm., D.D., d. 1755, consecrated Bishop
of Limerick. 172o. Sermon?; pub. separately, 1715, '16, '22.
Burslein, Captain RoUo, R.A. A Peep into Toork-
isthan, Lon., Svo, 1846.
" It is to our minds one of the most sterling books we have had
since Eothen." — Cimhridge and Oxfird Rfview.
Bursleni, WiHoujSrhby M., M.D., senior phy.sician
to the Blenheim street Dispensary. Pulmonary Consump-
tion and its Treatment, p. Svo.
•' We find a series of original and important observations on the
state of the periodical functions of the female in relation to the
development and treatment of phthisis, and a commentary on the
various phenomena of the disease, which impress us with the con-
viction that the author is as painstaking in his literary pursuit of
knowledge as he is evidently a practical physician." — Lrin. Lancet
Bnrt, Adam, Surgeon. Med. treati.=ies, 17.'i5, '08.
Burt, Captain Edward. Letters from a Gentleman
in the North of Scotland to his Friend in London. Lon.,
1754. 2 vols. Svo; 1757. 2 vols. Svo; 1759. 2 vols. Svo;
1815, 2 vols. Svo; with large Appendix, Introduction, and
Notes, by R. Jamieson. Edin. and Lon., 1S18, 2 vols. Svo.
Sir Walter Scott contributed some "curious materials" to
this edition of this valuable work. See Lockharfs Life of
Scott, Index; Scott's Poetical Works, vol. yiW., passim;
'Scott's Prose Works, vol. xx. 21, n., Ac.
Burt, John T. Results of the system of Separate
Confinement, as administered at the Pentonville Prison,
bv J. T. B.. .Assistant Chaplain, Lon., 1852, Svo.
' Burt, Capt. Richard, R.X. Proc. on Thtesns, 1809.
Burt, William. Olis. on Banka, ISIO, Svo. Rambles
in London. ISU. Svo. Conseq. of the French Revolution
to Enj^laml Considered, 1811, i2rao.
Burt, William. Christianity; a Poem, Lon., Svo.
Miscellaneous Papers on Scientific Subjects, p. Svo. Ob-
servations on the Curiosities of Nature, p. Svo.
Burtenshaw. Letters to Lord Mansfield. 1781, 4to.
Burthog^e, Richard, M.D. Of infernal Torments.
Lon., 1675. Svu. On Divine Goodness. 1670. Svo. Of
Reason and Truth, 1(578, 8vo. Of the Soul of the AVorld ;
in a Letter to John Locke, 1699, Svo. Essay upon Hu-
man Reason, and the Nature of Spirits, 1694. Svo.
'In. this essay the author has advanced many things wholly
new, ("more especially where he treats of the way and manner how
spirits do app^ar.^ and concludes with reflections on Dr. Sherlock's
notion about individuation."
"This person, who always kept pace with the fanatics, tempo-
rized with the papists in the rei'jn of King Jauies II.. and there-
fore was madi* a Justice of peace for Devonshire, which oflSce he
Itept under King Will. III., as being a favourer of Cinalics. lie is
looked upon as a person of considerable learning, and of no less
pride and amhitinn." See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Burton, Mrs. Laura, or the Orphan ; a Novel, 1797,
2 vols. 12nio. The Fugitive; a Novel, 2 vols. 12mo.
Burton, B. Jesus Christ God and Man; a serm. on
Phil. ii. 6, 7, 1756, Svo. Active and Passive Righteous-
ness of Christ ; three sermons on Jerem. xxiii. 6, 1763, 12mo.
20
BUR
Burton, Charles. Journal of a Voyage from Lon-
don to Madeira, New Providence, and back to London,
Lon., 1805, Svo.
Burton, Charles. Lectures on the World before the
Flood, Svo ; On the Deluge and World after the Flood,
Svo; On the Millennium, 12mo, 1841, '44, '45.
" We have perused these lectures with considerable satisfiiction,
as furnishing a practical illustration of the infinite wisdom, power,
and goodness of the Creator, and of the agreement of science with
the imperishable record of revelation." — ^Yesleyan Methixlist Mag.
Burton, Charles James. Sermon, Lon., 1S19, Svo.
A View of the Creation of the World, in illustration of tho
Mosaic Record. See Dr. William Buckland, Georgk
Fairholmk, and George Bugg.
Burton, Edmund, a Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, adopted tlio Law as a profession, and classical re-
searches as a recreation. The Satires of Perseus trans,
into English Prose, with Notes, Lon., ,1752, 4to. Charac-
ters deduced from Classical Remains, 1763, Svo. M. Ma-
nilii Astronomicon. Ubri quinque, Ac., 17S3, Svo. In this
work Mr. B. takes Dr. Bentley to task.
'•When Mr. Burton avowed his intention of introducing Bent-
ley for the purpose of laying him prostrate, we conceived that this
new Aristarchus possessed the wit of Boyle, the acuteness of Hare,
the keen penetration of Alexander Cunningham, and the solid
learning of Kichard Johnson. . . . But when we had taken the
book into our hands, ibi omnis effusiLS labor." — Lon. Monthly Re-
view. Ixxi. 4.^7 : read this elaborate criticism.
Suicide; a Dissertation, 1790, 4to.
'' For some years Mr. Burton was also a valuable correspondent
to the Gentleman's Magazine, under the anagrammatic signature
of Ruben dti Mont. He had evidently a cultivated taste, Itut was
somewhat trw fond of singularity. His imagination was lively,
but incorrect; and his style animated, but fontastic." — Nichols's
Literary Avecdut'S, viii,132.
Burton, Edward, D.D., 1794-1S36, a native of
Shrewsbiirv. was educated at Westminster School, whence
he was removed in 1S12 to Christ Church. Oxford ; took
his degree of M.A., 181S ; after which he visited the Con-
tinent, and recorded bis observations in his Antiquities
and other curiosities of Rome, 2d edit., Lon., 182S, 2 vols.
Svo. This work has been commended for accuracy and
proofs of rcseari'h. lie was appointed Curate of Tetten-
hall, Staifordshire ; select preacher in the University of
Oxford, 1824 ; Public Examiner, 1S26 ; Regius Professor
of Divinity, 1S29. He was Bampton Lecturer in 1829.
Considerations on the Absolving Power of the Romish
Church. Testimonies of the Ante-Nicene Fathers to the
Divinity of Christ, Oxf., 1826, Svo; 2d edit., with addi-
tions, Oxf., 1829, Svo ; ditto to the Doctrine of the Trinity,
and to the Divinity of the Holy Ghost, Oxf., 1831, Svo.
" His Testimonies are decisive on the momentous subjects to
which they refer."— Dr. E. Williams.
An Inquiry into the Heresies of the Apostolic Age,
Oxf., 1829, Svo: 8 sermons preached at the Bampton Lec-
ture, 1S29. The reader will notice the valuable introduc-
tion in which Dr. Burton refers to
"The authors whose works I have either myself consulted. Or a
perusal of which is recommended as useful for making us ac-
quainted with the heresies of the Apostolic age."
An appendix of learned notes adds to the value of this
work.
Attempt to ascertain the Chronology of the Apostles
and of St. Paul's Epistles, Oxf., 1830, Svo. The author
remarks that his Lectures upon the Ecclesiastical History
of the First Century might have been entitled with equal
propriety. Lectures upon the Acts of the Apostles. Lec-
tures upon the Ecclesiastical History of the First Three
Centuries; from the Crucifixion to A. D. 313, Oxf., 1831-
33, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., Oxf., 1845, 8vo.
'■A truly valuable work. The author is one of the most pro-
found patristic scholars in Europe." — Lowndes.
See a Review in the British Critic, xvii. 115. Greek
Testament; with English Notes, Oxf., 1S31, 2 vols. Svo;
new ed., 1852. The text is that of Bishop Lloyd's editions
printed at Oxf., 1S2S, "30. The Notes are explanatory,
philological, and critical.
"In prep;iring these critical notes. Dr. Burton examined for
himself, with no small labour and attention, the copious materials
which had been collected by Griesbach ; and, after weighing the
evidence adduced by him in favour of any particular reading. Dr.
B. noted down all "the variations from the received text, which
seem to have a majority of documents in their favour." — Home's
Introduction.
Sermons preached before the University of Oxford, Lon.,
1S32, Svo. History of the Christian Church from the As-
cension of Jesus Christ to the Conversion of Constantino,
Lon., 1S36, sm. Svo ; 8th ed., 1850. See a Review in British
Critic, XX. 209. An edit, of his Works, with a Memoir, has
been pub. in 5 vols. Svo, by Mr. J. H. Parker, Oxford. Dr.
Burton was noted for hia persevering industry. In addi-
305
BtTR
tion to his own writings, lie edited and superintended the
publication ot' a number of works.
" H.' was an able nian. well ri-ad In Christian Antiquity; mild
and candid in his temper.''— Dr. K. Wn.UAMS.
Burton, Francis. On Benevolence and Philan-
thropy; an occasional sermon, 1797, 8vo.
Burton, George. Essay towards reconciling the
NuMibers of Daniel and St. John ; with a supplement,
Norwich, 1766-68, 8vo.
" According to Mr. Burton's calculations, the conTersinn of the
Gentiles, and the Millennium, will commence in the year 2430 ; the
battle of Gog and MajOK will begin in 3430, and the Millennium
terminate in 343tj." — Orme's Bil'l. Bil>.
Analysis of two Chronological Tables, 1787, 4to.
Burton, Henry, b. about l.i7a. d. 1618, a Puritan
divine, w.as a native of Bir^tall, Yorkshire, and edncated
at St. John's College, Cambridge. lie became Rector of
St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, about 1626. In
1626 he preached and publi.shcd two sermons, entitled.
For God and the King, for which he was sentenced to the
pillory, to lose his oars, to a fine of £50110, and to per-
petual imprisonmeut. See Bastwick, John; Pkvn.-ie,
William. The fine and the impri-onment were remitted
by the House of Commons. Ho recovered his liberty in
16411, and was restored to his living. We notice a few of
Burton's publications: Censure of Simony. Lon., 1624,
4to. The Baiting of the Pope's Bull, 1627, 4to. The
Seven Vials, 1627, '2S, 4to. Babel no Bethel. Truth's
Triumph over Trent, 1629. fol. The Law and the Gospel,
Ac, 1631, 4to. England's Bondage and Hope of De-
liverance, 1641, 4to. Narration of his Life, 164:!, 4to.
Conformity's Deformity, 1646, 4to.
Anthony Wood, who seems to have considered Low
Churchmen and Dissenters as /era naUira, and hardly
worth the trouble of conversion into Mnnnneta, rebukes
Burton for his " pragmaticalness and imjiudence in de-
monstrating by a letter which he presented to the King.
2.'id Apr., 1625, how popislilv affcricd were Dr. Neile and
Dr. Laud, his continual atlriHliints." — Athen. Oxoii.
Burton, Henry. F;i>i .■^.■nn.m. 1665, 4to.
Burton, Hezekiah, d. 16S1, educated at, and Fel-
low :ind Tutor of, M.agdalen College, Oxford, became Rector
of St, IJeorge's, Southwark, 1667 ; Rector of Barnes, Sur-
rey, 16S0. He wrote the Allor|uium ad Lectorem prefi.xed
to Cumberland's treatise, De Legibus Natura>. Sermons,
Lon., 1684, '85, 2 vols. 8vo, posth. ; pub. by Dr. Tillotson.
Burton, J. Lectures on Female Education and Man-
ners, Lon., 179.3, 2 vols. 12mo. Guide for Youth, 1814. 12mo.
Burton, John. History of Eriander, Lon., 1661. Svo.
Antii|uitates Capelhe D. Joannis Evangelista; hodiascholas
Regia? Norwicensis, 1712, Svo.
Burton, John, D.D., 1696-1771, a native of Wemb-
worthy, Devonshire, was educated and appointed tutor at
Corpus Christ! College, 0.\ford; Fellow of Eton, and Vicar
of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, 1733 ; Rector of Worples-
don, Surrey, 1766. Two volumes of his Occasional Ser-
mons, preached before the University of Oxford, were pub.
in 1764. His style is considered pedantic, yet not without
elegance, and has been distinguished as the " Burtonian
style." Churchill ridicules its peculiarities :
" So dull his thoughts, yet pliant in their prowth.
They're verse, or prose, are neither, or are both."
But the poet disliked our author's opposition to Wilkes.
He pub. in 1744 a vindication of Clarendon's Hi.st. of the
Rebellion, and in 1760 his three sermons on University
politics. His Opuscula Miscellanea Theologica. from which
The Parish Priest was trans, by the Rev. Davis Warren
in 1800, appeared in 1771. Oxon., 2 vols. Svo. Mr. Burton
pub. some other works. It was at his expense that in
1768 Jo.scph Bingham's unfinished edit, of the Penbalogia
was pub. It was reprinted by Thomas Burgess, Oxon.,
1779. 2 vols. Svo. His Life was written in Latin — De vita
etmoribus Johannis Burtoni, 1771 — by Dr. Edw. Bentham,
his relation, and canon of Christ Cliurch. A trans, of it
will be found in the Gent. Mag. for 1771. See Biog. Brit.
Burton, John, M.D., 1697-1771, an eminent anti-
quary, was a native of Rippon, Y'orkshire. He studied
for some time at Leyden, and appears to have graduated
as doctor at Rheims. He settled at York, where he prac-
tised with great rcputatirin. A Treatise on the Non-natu-
rals, York, 1738, Svo. Account of the life and writings of
Boerhaavc, Lon., 1743, Svo. With this eminent man Bur-
ton had become acipiainted whilst residing abroad. Essay
towards the Complete System of Midwifery, Theoretical as
well as Practical, Lon., 1751. Svo. Iter Surriense et Sus-
sexiense, Lon., 1752. Svo. IjCtter to M'illiam .Smellie, Lon.,
1753, Svo. Monasticon Eboracensi, and the Ecclesiastical
History of Yorkshire, vol. i. York, 175S, fol. ; all pub.
BUR
"Dr. Burton has been justly styled one of our first men in mo-
nastic antiquities, — bis work infinitely surpassing Sh William
Dugdale's." — Halsted's Letter to Ducarel.
Dr. Burton is supposed to have been the original of Dr.
Slop in Sterne's Tristram Shandy.
Burton, John Hill, "son of Lieut. Burton, of the
94th Regiment of Foot, was educated for the Scottish Law,
and passed advocate, 1831. He was a contributor to the
later volumes and to the Supplement of the Penny Cyclo-
pedia, chiefly on subjects connected with Scottish Law.
In 1842 he assisted Sir John Bowring in preparing the
collected works of Jeremy Bentham," 11 vols. r. Svo.
Introdue. to the Study of Bentham's Works, Lon., r. Svo.
Manual of the Law of Scotland, 1844-47, 3 vols. p. Svo,
Ac. Political and Social Economy, 1M49, 12mo. Lives
of Simon, Lord Lovat, and Duncan Forbes : from Original
Sources, Lon., 1847, p. Svo. Life and Correspondence of
David Hume, 2 vols. Svo ; last ed., 1850.
u ^g rejoice to see the entire treasure [Ilume's Letters] produced
in a manner so liighly creditable to all concerned." — Lrm. Lit, G<iz.
"These volumes must ever hold a high rank in the history of
English philosophy." — Ltm. Athen.
The Law of Bankrujitcy, Insolvency, and Mercantile
Sequestration in Scotland, 1845, 2 vols, r. Svo.
"This work reflects credit on the Scottish bar. In fulness and
lucidity of general proposition, in vigour and accuracy of critical
inquiry, in scope of research and ter.se power of thought and ex-
piession. it stands in honourable contrast with the great herd of
text-books." — Law Magazine.
Ed. Letters of Eminent Persons addressed to David
Hume : from the Papers bequeathed by his Nephew to the
Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, 1849, Svo. Narratives from
Criminal Trials in Scotland, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. The His-
tory of Scotland from the Revolution to the Extinction of
the Last Jacobite Insurrection, 1689-1748, 1853, 2 vols.
Svo. To Mr. Burton we are also indebted for some other
works, and for the Law articles in Waterston's Cyclopajdia
of Commerce.
Burton, IVic. Figurse Grammaticae et Rhetoricae,
Lon., 1702, 12ino.
Burtou, Philip, d. 1792. The Practice of the Office
of Pleas in the Court of Exchequer Epitomized, Lou.,
1770, Svo. The same subject, with Additions, &c., 1791,
2 vols. Svo. Other legal compilations, 1770, '91, and a
treatise on -\nnihilation, 1792, Svo.
Burton, Philippiana. A Rhapsody, 1769, 4to.
" Love and all its raptures is the subject of this lady'.s incoherent
rant, which she calls a Rhapsody. Her performance undoubtedly
calls for censure; but her motives to printing may possibly entitle
her to compassion. We shall, therefme. at present take no further
notice of this Nat. Lee in petticoats." — Lon. Month. Jtev., 1769, 156.
Burton, Richard Francis, b. 1S23, son of Col.
Joseph N. Burton, of Tuam, Galway, Ireland : left Ox-
ford in 1S42, and proceeded to Bombay, thence to Sindh
under Sir Charles Napier in 1843, and served for some
years in the survey conducted by Col. Walter Scott, Bom-
bay Engineers. 1. Transactions of the Bombay Asiatic
Society; two papers, 1849. 2. Goa and the Blue Moun-
tains, Lon., 1850, p. Svo. 3. Sindh; or. The Unhappy
Valley, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. 4. History of Sindh, Svo.
5. Falconry in the Valley of the Indus, p. Svo. 6. Com-
plete System of Bayoiiet-Exercise. In 1863, sent by
the Royal Geographical Soc. of Great Britain to explore
,\rabia. 7. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-
Medina and Meccah, Lon., 3 vols. Svo: i., ii., 185B; iii.,
1857; Amer. ed., "abridged and condensed," with Intro-
duction by Bayard Taylor, 1856, 12ino, pp. 492. Com-
mended bv the Lon. Athena?um, 1855, 865, (vols. i. and
ii.,) and 1856, 135, (vol. ii.) See also 394, 428.
"We g.ave our general opinion of Mr. Burton's enterprise, saga-
city, and information when the larger part of his work was before
us. We have now said enough to sliow that its completion is not
less curious or less valuable." — Ubi stipra, 1856, 136.
8. First Footsteps in East Africa ; or. An Exploration
of H.ar.ar, Lon.. 1856, Svo.
" A curious record of a curious enterprise. . . . The public will
find ' First Footsteps in East Africa' very agreeable reading." —
Lon. Athen.. IS.'ii). S95. q.r.
Burton, Robert, 1576-1639-40, a native ofLindley,
Leicestershire, received the first rudiments of learning at
the free school of Sutton Colilfield, Warwickshire, and at
the grammar-school of Nuneaton. See Anat. of Melan-
choly ; his will : and Athen. Oxon. He was admitted of
Brazennose College. Oxford, 1593; elected a student of
Christ Church, 1599; Reader of Sentences, 1614; Vicar
of St. Thomas, Oxfiird, 1616; presented by George, Lord
Berkeley, to the rectory of Seagrave, Leicestershire, 1636.
He retained this post and his vicarage until his death,
January 25. 1639-40. It is said that from his calculation
of his nativity he predicted that he would die on or about
the above date ;
BUR
BUR
"Wbich being: exact, several of the students did not forbear to
whisper among themselves that, rather than tliere sliuukl be a
mistake in the calculation, he sent up his soul to heaveu thro* a
elip abuut his neck."' — Athen. Oxon.
We should mention that on the left side of Burton's
monument the curious reader may see the calculation
of his nativity'; and his bust, painted to the life, adds
to the interest of this memento of a most remarkable
character. He bequeathed many of his books to the
Bodleian Library; and they form one of its most curious
collections. As the author of The Anatomy of Melan-
choly— what it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptoms,
prognostics, and several cures of it — Burton's name will
descend to remotest generations. It is next to impos-
sible that so profound a treatise on a mental disorder
to which a state of high intellectual cultivation is perhaps
peculiarly liable can ever be permanently buried in the
libraries of the learned. The 1st edit, was pub. in 1621,
4to, (Ferriar gives 1017. but he errs;) and its popularity
is evinced by the rapidity with which editions followed
each other: lt>24. '28, '32, 'liS^ '51, '52, '60, 76, 1728, '38,
fol. The eulogy of Dr. Johnson — " Burton's Anatomy of
Melancholy," he said, "was the only book that ever took
him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise" —
excited some curiosity to see so attractive a work, and an
edit, was pub. in 1800, fob, and another in 1806, 2 vols.
8vo; also in 1S27. 2 vols. 8vo; 1836, 8vo ; 1S37. 2 vols.
8voj 1838, Svo; 1S45, 8vo ; 1849, Svo. The author— a
man of great erudition and wit — was subject to hypo-
chondria, under which he suffered acutely:
" He composed this book with a view of relieving his own me-
lancholy, but increased it to such a decree, that nothing; could
make him laugh, but going to the bridge foot, and hearing the
ribaldry of the bargemen, which rarely failed to throw him into a
violent fit of laughter. Befire be was" overcome with this horrid
disorder, he. in thr intervals of hi.s vapours, was esteemed one of
the most Cicetious companions in the university." — CJran'cjer.
" He was an exact mathematician, a curious calculator of nativi
ties, a general read scholar, a thoro' pacd philologist, and one that
understood the surveying of lands well. As he was by many ac-
counted a severe student, a deiourer of authors, a melancholy and
humorous person; so by others, who knew him well, a person of
great honesty, plain dealing and charity. I have heard some of
the ancients of Ch. Ch. often say that hiscompany was verv merrv,
Ctcete and juvenile, and no man in his time did surpass hiiii for his
ready and dextrous interlarding his common discourses among
them with verses from poets, or senten.-es from classiral authors.
Which being then all the fashion in the university made his com-
pany more acceptable." — Afhen. Ojo/u
Charles Lamb mentions some "curious fragments from
a commonplace book which belonged to Robert Burton,
the famous author of The Anatomy of Melancholy," but
we know of no publication save the Anatomy. Dibdin
supposes that Dr. Timothy Bright's (q. v.) Treatise of
Melancholic, 1586, was the prototype of Burton's work,
and it has been also insinuated that Boaystuau's Theatrum
Mundi gave him some useful hints. These surmises may
or may not be true ; but of fathering books by means of
supposed resemblances, there is no end. "Whether Burton
helped himself to his predecessors' labours or n<it, it is
certain that he himself has been most unmercifully pil-
laged. It is very true that "from his storehouse of learn-
ing, interspersed with quaint observjitions and witty illus-
trations, many modern writers have drawn amply, without
acknowledgment, particularly Sterne, who has copied the
best of his pathetic as well as humorous passages." See
Ferriar 's Illustrations of Sterne, Lon., 1812, 2 vols. Svo.
Where the temptation is so great, we need not marvel at
the theft. Lord Byron declares
-Burton's ' .\natomy of Melancholy' is the most amusing and
instructive medley of quotations and classical anecdotes 1 ever
perused.
•• If the reader has patience to go through his volumes, he will
he more improved for literary conversation than bv the perusal
of any twenty other works with which I am acquainted."
To Mr. Tegg's beautiful edit., Lon., 1845, Svo, are pre-
fixed some commendatory notices which we present to the
reader, not without hopes of inducing him to procure the
work, if he happen to be without it.
"The Anatomy of Melancholy, wherein the author hath piled
up variety of much excellent learning. Scarre any book of philo-
logy in our land hath, in so short a lime, passed so manv editions "
FiilUrs Wortlna;, fob !»>. ^
*' 'Tis a bonk so full of variety of reading, that gentlemen who
have lost th^ir time, and are put to a push for inventiou. may fur-
nish themselves with matter for common or scholastical discourse
and writing." — }Vi>od's Athen. Oxrm. vol. i. p. r)28. Sd edit.
"If you never saw Burton upon Melancholy, printed lR7fi.pray
look into it, and read the ninth page of his Preface. ' Democritus to
the Reader.' There is something there which touches the prtint
we are upon; but I mention the author to you. as the plcasantcst,
the most learned, and the most full of sterling sense. The wits
of Queen Anne's reign, and the beginning of George the First,
were not a little beholden to him." — Archbishop Herring's Lettera,
12mo. 1777, p. 14'.l.
'•' Burton's .Anatomy of Melanrhnly is a v.iluable book,' said Pr.
Johnson. 'It is perhaps oveib-ii'ltd wiili ijuotation. But there
is great spirit and great power in what lUntun says when he writes
from his own mind.' * — Boswell's Li/e nf Joimson, vol, ii. p. 325.
"It will he no detraction from the power of Milton's original
genius and invention, to remark, that he seems to have borrowed
the subject of L^-lUet/ro and II l\nseroso, together with some par-
ticular thoughts, expressions, and rhymes, more especially the
idea of a contrast between these two dispositions, from a fm-^otteu
poem prefixed to the first edition of Burton's Anatomy of .Melan-
choly, entitled, 'The -Author's Abstract of Melancholy: or. A Dia-
logue between Pleasure and Pain.' Ilei-e pain is melanrholy. It
was written, as I conjecture, about the year ICOO. 1 will make no
apolopy for abstiacting and citing as niurh of this poem as will be
suflicient to prove, to a discerning reader, how for it had taken
possession of Milton's mind. The measure will appear to be the
same; and that our author was at least an attentive reader of
Burton's book, may be already concluded from the traces of re-
semblance which I have incidentally nnticed in passing through
the VAUer/rn and II Penserogo. ... As to the very elaborate work
to which these visionary verses are no unsuitable introduction,
the writer's variety of learning, his quotations from scarce and
curious books, his pedantry spiarkling with rude wit and shaiwless
elegance, miscellaneous matter, intermixture of agreeable tales
and illustrations, and, perhaps, above all. the singularities of his
feelings, clothed in an uncommon quaintness of r.tyle, have con-
tributed to render it. even to modern readers, a valuable repository
of amusement and information." — Warlon's Milton. 2d edit., p. 94.
"The Anatomy of Melancholy is a book which has been univer-
sally read and admired- This work is. for the most pai-t. what the
author himself styles it. 'a cento;' but it is a very ingenious one.
His quntafiniis. which abound in every page, are pertinent: but
if he had made more use of his invention, and less of his common-
place book, bis work would perhaps have been more valualile than
it is. He is generally free from the affected language and ridicu-
lous metaphors which disgrace most of the books of his time." —
Granger^s Bingrcpkical History.
"Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, a book once the favourite
of the learned and the witty, and a source of surreptitjr.iiR learn-
ing. thou;;ih written on a regular plan, consists ciiietly of quota-
tions: the author has honestly termed it a cento. He collects. un»
der every division, the opinions of a multitude of writers, without
regard to chronological order, and has too often the modesty to
decline the interposition of his own sentiments. Indeed, the bulk
of his materials generally overwhelms him. In the course of his
folio he has contrived to treat a great variety of topics, that seem
very loosely connected with the peneral subject: and, like Bayle.
when he starts a lavourite train of quotations, he does not scruple
to let the digression outrun the principal question. Thus, from
the doctrines of reli^jion to military discipline, from inland navi-
gation to the morality of dancinir-pchools, every thing is discussed
and determined." — Ft-rrinr's llhtAradmis of Stfrne. p. SS.
"The archness which Burton displays occasionally, and his in-
dulgence of playful digressions from tlie most serious discussious;,
often give his style an air of familiar conversation, notwithstand-
ing the laborious coJlertions which supply his text. He was capa-
ble of writing excellent poetry, but he seems to have cultivated
this talent too little. The English verses prefixed to bis book,
which possess beautiful imagery, and jrreat sweetness of versifica-
tion, have been frequently published. His Latin eleciac verses
addressed to his book, show a very agreeable turn for raillery." —
Ibid. p. 5S.
" When the force of the subject opens his own vein of prose, we
discover valual)le sense and brilliant expression. Puch is his ac-
count of the fiist feelings of melanchnly persons, written, proba-
bly, from his own experience." — Iliid. p, fiO.
" During a pedantic age. like that in which Burton's production
appeared, it must have been eminently serviceable to writers of
many descriptinns. Hence the unlearned might furnish themselves
with appropriate scraps of Greek and Latin, whilst men of b-fters
would find their enquiries shortened, by knowing where they ini'j:ht
look for what both ancients and moderns had advanced on the sub-
ject of human passions. I confess my inability to point out any
other English author who has so largely dealt in apt and origin^
quotation." — Mtintiscript JS'ot^^ of the late George St^evens, E!.>i., in
his copy of The Anatomy of Melancholy.
See the amusing synopsisof the Bibliomania appended
to Dibdin's invnlujible work by this title. The vivacious
Bibliographer here avowedly takes a leaf from the erudite
hypochondrinc.
Burton, Robert, is a name which occurs in the title-
page of a number of very popular historical and mi.^cella-
neous compilations, pub. (and supposed to have been writ-
ten) by Nathaniel Crouch, from 1681-1736. These are
such as Historical Rarities in London and Westminster,
16S1 ; Wonderful Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in
England, Scotlnnd, and Ireland. 1682; History of Scotland,
1685: Curiositiesof England, 1697 ; Unparalleled Varieties,
1699; General History of Earthquakes, 1736. Ac. The
list, which is along one, will be found in Chalmers's Biog.
Diet: Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. The
collection includes History, Travels, Fiction, Nat. History,
Customs, Biography, &c. Some were reprinted in 6 vols.
4to, 1810, '13. Theoriginaledits. have occasionally brought
high prices as curiosities:
The f<dlowing letter from Dr. Johnson U) "Mr. Dilly in
the Poultry," is interesting in this connection :
•• Janii'iyy 6. 1784.
" Sir, — Thei e is in the world a set of books which used to he sold
307
BIR
ViT the booksellers on the bridge, ami whi.h I must entreat you to
procure me. They are called JJtRTuN's ii<x>As: the title of one is
* Admirable Curiosities, Karities, and Wonders in England.' I be-
lieTe there are about five or six of them [perhaps about 40!]
they seem very proper to allure backward readers; be so kind as
to get them for me, and send me them with the best printed edition
of "Baxter's Call to the Unconverted.' I am, *c.,
*' S.iM. Johnson. '
Dunton includes Crouch in his notices :
" R. B., (alias Nat. Crouch,) is become a celebrated Author. I
think I have given you the very soul of his Character when I have
told you that his talent lies at Collection. He has melted down
the best of our English Histories into Twelve-penny Books which
aretilledwithwonders. rarities, and curiosities; foryou must know
bis Title-pages are a little swelling. However, Nat. Crouch is a very
ingenious person, and can talk fine things upon any subject. In
a word, Nat. Crouch is a Phcenix Author; I mean the only man
that gets an est;ile by writing of Books."— Li/' and Errors.
Dunton speaks in high terms of Nat.'s brother, Samuel
Crouch :
"He is just and punctual in all his dealings; never speaks ill of
any man ; — has a swinging soul of his own ; — would part with all
he has to serve a friend ; — mid thaCs enou(jh for one Bookseller !"
—Ibid. , .
We commend Mr. Crouch's character to the study of our
amiable and much-abused friends, the Bibliopoles of the
present day.
Biirtoii, Samuel. Sermon, 1620, 4to.
Burton, Thomas. Thanksgiving serm., 1713, 8vo.
Burton, Thomas, member of the Parliaments of
Oliver .and Rich.ard Cromwell : his Diary from 1656 to 1659,
now first pub. from the original autograph MS.; edited
and illustrated by J. T. Rutt, Don., 1828, 4 vols. Svo. These
curious MSS. were discovered among the papers of Henry
Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, " and own their publication to
the same assiduous bibliographer who brought to light the
Memoirs of Eveleyn and Pepys."
•• This Work serves to fill up the chasm so long existing in our
Parliamentary History. The recovery of the debates of the Crom-
well Parliaments, taken on the spot by one of the very members,
is little short of a miracle."— iVciu MimHili/ Mag.
" The great interest of the book is Cromwell himself." — Lon.
Gent. Mag.
'■These volumes overflow with information respecting the prin-
ciples and proceedings of the Legislature during a most important
period of English History. Every libiaiy which pretends to con-
tain an historical collection, must possess itself of Burton's Diary:
it is as indispensable as Burnet or Clarendon."— ion. Atlns.
It is supposed that Burton's memoranda were taken fur
the information of Lord Clarendon, (in whose writing the
MS. is,) then residing abroad with King Charles.
Burton,VV. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer,Lon.,1594,
16mo. Seven Dialogues, both pithie and profitable, 1600, -tto.
Burton, W. II. Law of Real Property ; 6th edit.,
with Notes, by E. P. Cooper, Lon., Svo; 7th ed., 1850.
" A most valuable publication. It is learned, precise, and accu-
rate, and • there is not to be found in it a superfluous word.' "
It must be a philological curiosity, truly !
Burton, William, l;)r5-16.81, an eminent antiquary,
was elder brother to the celebrated author of The Anatomy
of Melancholy, (i;. v.) He was entered of Brasenose Col-
lege, O.xford, 1591, admitted of the Inner Temple, 1593.
He distinguished himself by A Description of Leicester-
shire, concerning Matters of Antiquity, History, Armours,
and Genealogy, Lon., 1622, foL The author made many
improvements and additions in MS. It is now entirely su-
perseded by Nichols's History of Leicestershire.
"His natui-al genius leading him to the studies of Heraldry,
Genealogies, and Antiquities, he became excellent in those obscure
and intricate matters; and, look upon him as a gentleman, was
accounted by all that knew him to be the best of his time for those
studies, as may appear by his Description of Leicestershire." —
Atlien. Orim.
'■The reputation of Burton's book arises from its being written
e^rly, and preceded only by Lambarde's Kent. 1576, Carew's Corn-
wall, 1G0*2. and Norden's Pui-vey; and it is in comparison only of
these, and not of Dugdale's more copious work, that we are to un-
derstand the praises so freely bestowed on it." — Govoii.
Burton .also drew up the Corollary of Leland's Life, pre-
fixed to the Collectanea.
Burton, William, d. 1667, an antiquary, was entered
of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625. Ho was master of
the free Grammar School at Kingston-upon-Thames until
1655. Laudatio Funebris in Ohitum D. Thomai, Atheni.
Oxon., 16.13, 4to. Annotations on the First Epistle of
Clement the Apostle to the Corinthians, 1647, 4to. Groecae
Lingua! Historica, 1657, Svo. Catalogue of the Religious
Houses in England, with their valuations, at the time of
' the dissolution of the Monasteries: see Speed's Chron. at
the end of Henry VIII. A Commentary on Antoninus's
Itinerary, 1658, fol. This work caused Bishop Kennett to
, style Burton the best topographer since Camden. Our
author also trans. The Beloved City, from the Latin of
Alstedius.
Burton, William, minister of the Cathedral Church
BUR
in Norwich. Catechisme, Lon., 1591, Svo. Seven sermons,
1592, Svo. A Caveat for Sureties; two sermons on PrOT.
vi.' 1-5, 1593, 8vo. Sermons, 1590, '95.
Burton, William, a bookseller in London. Super-
stition, Fanaticism, and Faction ; a Poem, 1781, 4to. Re-
searches into the Phraseology, Manners, History, and Re-
ligion of the ancient Eastern Nations, as illustrative of the
Sacred Scriptures, lic, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. Svo.
" Mostly a compilation which contains materials of various value.
There are a number of good criticisms, and some of a trifling na-
ture. The introduction contains remarks on the Septuagint, the
Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Talmud." — Orim's Bibl. Brit.
Burton,William,M.D., Windsor. On Viper-Catchers;
Phil. Trans., 1736. Internal Cancers; ib., 1742.
Burton, William Evans, b. 1804. at London, son
of the following, a distinguished comedian, made his first
appearance in New York in a complimentary benefit given
to Samuel Woodworth, the poet. 1. Yankee among the
Mermaids, Phila., 12mo. 2. Cyclopedia of Wit and Hu-
mor; comprising a Unique Collection of Complete Articles
and Specimens of Written Humor from Celebrated Hu-
morists of America, England, Ireland, and Scotland,
illustrated, N.Y., 1858, 2 vols. Svo. See South. Lit. Mes-
senger, July, 1858.
" the aim of this work is to furnish all who would seek in the
brilliant fancies of the humorist a relaxation from the cares of
business or a resource to enliven hours of dulness. or who would
peruse with an appreciating eye the writings of the most gifted
humorous authors who have enlivened the English language by
their wit and genius; to furnish to all. in short, who love a genial
and lively book such a selection as shall satisfy the mirth-craving
nature."
Edited Cambridge Quarterly Review, England ; Re-
flector, Eng. ; Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, Phila.,
7 vols. ; Literary Souvenir, an Annual, 1838, '40. Con-
trib. to London old Monthly Mag., Lon. Athen, N.Y.
Knickerbocker, Ac.
Burton, William George, h. 1774, at London.
Biblical Researches. A work of great erudition.
Burton, W. W. State of Religion and Education in
New South AVales, Lon., 8vo.
Bury, Arthur, an English divine, was ejected from
Oxford in consequence of his work. The Naked Gospel,
Oxf, 1691, fol. The University ordered this Socinian
treatise to be burned. He pub. some sermons, 1660, '62,
'82, '92.
Bury, Arthur. Agricult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 170S ;
on manuring liiud with Sea Sand.
Bury, Lady Charlotte, formerly Lady Charlotte
Campbell, " the beauty of the Argyle family," was an
early piitroness of the youthful genius of Sir Walter
Scott, She was " always distinguished by her passion for
elegant letters," and was accustomed " in pride of rank,
in beauty's bloom, to do the honours of Scotland" to the
literary celebrities of the day. It was at one of her par-
ties that Scott became personally acquainted with Monk
Lewis. He writes to George Ellis, 2d March, 1802 :
'■I am glad you have seen the Marquess of Lorn, whom I have
met frequently at the house of his charming sister. Lady Charlotte
Campbell ; whom. I am sure, if you are acquainted with her, you
must admire as much as I do."
Lady Charlotte introduced him to Lady Anne Hamilton,
and the poet had an opportunity of confirming the good
impression made by the perusal of Glenfinlas, and The
Eve of St. John. Lady Ch<arlotte Bury, left a widow, was
appointed to a place in the household of the Princess of
Wales, afterwards Queen Charlotte. When the Diary il-
lustrative of the Times of George IV. appeared, (4 vols.
Svo,) it was thought to bear evidence of a familiarity with
the scenes depicted which could only be attributed to Lady
Charlotte. It was reviewed with much severity, and
charged to her Ladyship by Lord Brougham. We are not
aw.nre that the charge has ever been denied. The Quar-
terly Review joined in the condemnatitm. The book sold
rapidly ; several editions were disposed of in a few weeks ;
for there is a natural desire to know that which should not
he told, especially if the actors be conspicuous for rank or
celebrity. Lady Charlotte has published, also, a number
of novels of the "Minerva" school, some of which have
had a large circulation. Among them are Alia Giornata;
or To The Day, 3 vols. p. Svo. The Devoted, 3 vols. p.
Svo. The Disinterested and the Ensnared, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Family Records ; or The Two Sisters, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Flirtation, 3 vols. p. Svo. Love, 3 vols. p. Svo. Separa-
tion, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Bury, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 1720, aged 76, a native
of Linton, Cambridgeshire, England, was noted for her
knowledge of Hebrew, and wrote some critical disserta-
tions upon the idioms of that language, left in MS. at her
BUR
BUS
death. Her husband pub. her Life and Diary, and Dr.
Watts wrote an flo;i;y to her memory.
Bury, Edward, A Guide to Glory. Lon., 1075, 8vo.
The Dt-adly Dan^-er of Drunkenness, 1671. 8vo. The
llusbanduiau's Companion, 1677, 8vo : " lUO directions
suiteil tn men nf that employment."
Iturv, James. Advice to the Commons, 1685, 4to.
Bury, Johu, Sermon. 1631, 4to.
Bury, Richard de. See RrcnA^itD db Bpry.
Bury, Samuel* Funeral Sermon, 1707, 8vo,
Bury, Talb. Remains of Eeek-siastical Woodwork,
Lon., 1S47, fol. Rudimentary Styles of Architecture,
1S4!I. 12iuo.
Busby, C A. Architect. Designs for Vilinges, <fec.,
Lon.. ISOS, 4to.
Busby, Richard, D.D., 1606-1695. the most cele-
brated ped.'ipo^nie that England has ever seen, was a king's
scholar at Westminster, and elected a student of Christ
Church, Oxfor.l. where he took the degree of B.A., 1628;
M.A.. 16;U ; D.D., 1660; and Prebendary of Westminster
the same year. About 1640 he was appointed Head
ALister of Westminster School, where he flourished — tave
the time of Bogshnw's short triumph' — for 55 years. See
Ragshaw, EnwARD. Dr. Busby was certainly successful
in his profession.
'■ He bred up the pi-eatest number of learned scholars that ever
adorned any aire or natiun."
It is said that when the king entered his school-room,
Busby would not remove his hat, not being willing that
his boys should think that their master had any superior,
and considering that he was as much a sovereign in his \
school as his majesty was iu the kiugfioni. His liberal use
of the birch, as a stimulus to latent genius, has become
proverbial. This was one of the charges brought against
the doctor by Bagshaw, also a teacher in the school. The
^chipping master was shocked at the loose discipline of his
more gentle associate. Bagshaw says,
" Mr. Busby hath oft complained to in(^. and soomed to take it ill,
that I did not use the rod enough. ... I would wish there wt-re some j
order taken to limit and restrain the exorbitance of punishment;
that poor little boys may not receive thirty or forty, nay. soine-
tiuies sixty, laslies at a time for small and inconsiderable faults."
But Busby by no means gave up the point. He de-
clared that the rod was hi.s sieve, and that whoever could
not pass through that, was no boy for him. Not desiring
his opponents to rest satisfied with his tlieory, he pointed
to the Bench of Bishops, where sat sixteen "grave and
reverend" prelates, formerly his pupils. How could loyal
adherents of Church and State withstand this argument?
If No Bishop no Cluirch. and No Bishop no King, and No
Birch no Bishop, let flagellation reign! When South —
afterwards so celebrated a divine — came to Busljy, he was
as heavy, untractable, and stubborn a chiel as ever tried
the patience of a Domiuie. But the master of Westmin-
ster gauged his mind. He discovered — far iu the depths
indeed — genius of no common order. Bu.sby determined
to bring it to light.
'• I see," said he. ■■ frreat talents in that sulky boy, and I shall
endeavour to brinj; them out."
South was now put through a course of exercises of the
mo.?t animated and vigorous character. The process was
a tedious one, a painful one — but it succeeded. Busby,
triumphant, laid by the rod for the benefit of the next un-
developed genius, and South ascended the pulpit stairs,
perhaps the first preacher in England. That he, too. was
not, with the sixteen other scholars of Busby, a bishop,
was his own fault. Doubtless Dr. South and his former
preceptor often referred to these fonchivg scenes, when in
after days the old schoolmaster took his seat, an honoured
guest at the celebrated churchman's table. Busby was
not only a profound classical scholar, but his powers of
oratory, and even of acting, were most remarkable. Had
he adopted the stage as a profession, he would probably
have been as distinguished as Betterton or Garrick. He
pub. some grammatical works, in the preparation of which
he probably permitted his ushers to aid him. Such is
Wood's conjecture.
A Short Institution of Grammar, 1647, 8vo. Juvenalis
et Persii Satiraj, 1656. An English Introduction to Latin,
1659. Martiali.s Epigrammata selecta, 1661. GrtecEe
Grammatical Rudimenta, 1663. Nomenclatura Brevis
Reformata, 1667. Riulimentum Graramaticae Grseco-La-
tinae Metricum, 1689, 8vo ; and two or three other treatises.
Busby, Thomas, Mus. Doc. General History of
Music, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. This is an abridgt. of the His-
tories of Bi'RNEV and Hawkixs. (q. v.,) with additions and
essays on the lives of celebrated musicians. Musical Bio-
graphy, or Memoirs of the Lives and Writings of the
most eminent Musical Composers and Writers of the last
centuries, including those now living, 2 vols. Svo.
" In thy execution of this work, it has been the intention of the
author to supply the lovers and professors of music with such
anecdotes of the lives, and such observ.ttions ou the writings,
printed and nianusciipt, of eminent masters, as may not only
afford information and amusement, but may also serve as a guide
in purchasiuL' their works."
Concert Room and Orchestra Anecdotes, 1825, 3 vols.
12mo. De Lolme proved to be Juniu.s, 1816, Svo. Dic-
tionary of Musical Terms, ]2mo. Grammar of Music,
1818, "l2nio. A Now and Complete Musical Dictionary,
ISOl, 8vo. A Musical Manual, or Technical Directory,
1828, Other works.
Busch, Peter. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Mag., vol. i.
169 ; mcthiid of destroying Earth Worms, and other Insects,
Buslield, J. A., D.D., 1775-1849, of Clare Hall,
Cambrblge. Rector of St. Michael's. Wood St., London,
and Lecturer of St. Mary-le-bone. The Christian's Guide,
1800, Svo. Fast Sermon, 1810, Svo. Sermons on the
Duties of the Christian Religion ; the Lord's Prayer, and
the Great Mystery, 1826, 3 vols. Svo. His sermons have
gone through six edits.
•■ They art amonjz; the best in the language ; written in a strain
of frreat eloquence, without affectation; expanding the subjects in
a perspicuous :ind practical manner."
Bush, Edward. Sermon at St. Paul's Crosse, Lon.,
1571, 8vo.
Bush, Edward Arthur. A'isitation Serm., 1812, Svo.
Bush, Mrs, Forbes, Memoirs of the Queens of
France. Lon.. 2 vols. Svo: 2d cd., 1848. This work should
have a place on the Lilirary shelf by Miss Strickland'a
Lives of the Queens of England.
"This charmin<r work romprises a separate Memoir of every
Queen of Fi-ance, from the earliest of her annals to the present
time. It cannot fail of being a desirable acquisition to every
libiary in the kin^^dom." — Lou. Sun.
Bush, Francis, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans.,
1811 ; a knife lodged in the muscles.
Bush, George, b. 1796, Professctr of Hebrew and Orien-
tal Literature in the city of New York, has gained consi-
derable distinction by profound learning, pulpit eloquence,
and peculiarities of opinion. He was educated at Dart-
mouth College, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary,
officiated for some yeans as a Presbyterian minister, ac-
cepted his professorship in 1831. In 1845 he avowed his
reception of the doctrines of Swedenborg. and he has since
zealously laboured in their defence. An interesting sketch
of Professor Bu.sh and his opinions will be found in Gris-
wold's Prose Writers of America. His first work was the
Life of Mohammed, pub. 1832. {Harper's Family Library,
vol. lOth.) In 1836 he pub. a Treatise on the Millennium,
in which views contrary to those generally entertained
were set forth. The Hebrew Grammar was pub. in 1835;
2d edit., 1838. In 1S40 he commenced the publication of
his Commeut^aries on the books of the Old Testament, viz. :
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Joshua. Judges, and Numbers,
forming 8 vols. These have been highly commended :
'* With the fullest satis&ction we direct attention to this valu-
able contribution from trausatlantic stores, to Biblical literature
and Christian theology. . . . There is a union of the critical and
the practical which adapts the work to popular use as well as to
the requirements of the ministerial student."' — Scottish Pilot.
"We retrard IJush's work on Joshua and .Judges as a very valu-
able addition to the number of Comuientiiries on the whole or
parts of the Holy Scriptures. The professor has an enviable tar
lent for elucidating the sacred text." — Lon. Herald of Pfice.
See also the Lon. Home Mi?s. Mag.
"The real object of a commentary, which is not to supersede
the text, but to excite attention to it. appears to be as ne.arly
attained in this volume, as in any work we could name. The au-
thor happily avoids that generalizing manner which detracts frnm
the value of many celebrated works, by rendering them of little
use in the way of quotation."' — Lon, Gent. Mag.; notice of the Notts
on Genesix.
A Commentary on the Book of Psalms on a plan em-
bracing the Hebrew Text, with a new literal version.
New York, 1848, Svo.
"This work will be very useful to Biblical students who com-
mence their Hebrew studies with the Book of Psalms.'"— //orne's
Introduction.
" The notes are designed princip-illy to elucidate the force, im-
port, and pertinency of the words and' phrases of the original, by
the citation of parallel instances, and to throw light upon the
images and allusions of the sacred writers by reference to the cus-
toms, manners, law. geography, &c. of the East." — Andover Bib-
lical Repository, v. 239.
In 1836 Prof. Bush pub. his very valuable Illustrations
of the Holy Scriptures, laboriously compiled from 46 Bri-
tish and foreign writers. This work should be in the
hands of every Biblical student. In 1844 he pub. in the
! Hierophant some elabornte papers upon Prophetic sym-
bols, &.Q. Much attention was excited by a work of the
professor's pub. in 1S41, entitled Anastasis, or the Doctrine
309
BUS
BUT
of the Resurrection of the Body, Rationally and Spiri- 1 losophy of Instinct and Reason, p. 8vo. Treatise on
tually Considered. It does not come within our design to AVorniri in the Blood, 8vo. Homoeopathy and the Homoeo-
consider the supposed correctness or unsoundness of works p^athist, 12niu. The Physiology of Animal and Vegetable
written with the intention of promoting the cause of truth. Life':'a Popular Treatise on the Functions and Phenomena
. , ' . . ^ ., , ■ 1 , ,• r\ 1 . T :i . ., I-,i. :- i: i _ TJ..:.,i- T?>..™. .,:.;,.«
We profess to occupy the position of the chronicler, not
the umpire. The opinions of the learned professor have
elicited much animated controversy. He has given to the
world an exposition of some of the phenomena of Mes-
merism, and he anticipates great benefits to the race from
the full development of the new philosophy of which he
is an ardent champion. In addition to his other labours.
Prof. Bush preaches to a society of the New Jerusalem
Church in BrooUlyn and edits the Anglo-American New
Church Repository.
Bush, J, Hibernia Curiosa^ or a General History of
the Manners. Customs, and Dispositions, &c. of the Inha-
bitants of Ireland; Trade, Agriculture, and Curiosities,
Lon., 1767, 8vo.
•'The materials of this work, which chiefly is occupied with a
view of nianuers, agriculture, trade, natural curiosities, &c,, were
collected during a tour in 17frl-69."~STEVENSO\.
Bush, Joseph. Evangelical sermons, 1S42, 12mo.
" We have been much pleased with these sermons. They breathe
cordial attachment to the Kedeemer and his Gospel." — Church-
man's 3timthhj h'evifw.
Bush, or Bushe, Paul, 1490-1558, first Bishop of
Bristol, entered the University of Oxford about 1513. In
consequence of his profound knowledge of divinity, Henry
VIII. advanced him to the newly-erected see of Bristol,
1542, and made him his chaplain. Queen Mary deprived
him of his dignity on account of his being a married man.
Exposycyon of Miserere mei Deus, 1525. An Exhortation
to Margaret Burgcs. Notes on the Psalms, Lon., 1525.
Treatise in praise of the Crosse. Answer to certain Que-
ries concerning the Abuses of the Mass; in Burnet's Hist.
Reformation ; Records, No. 25. Dialogues between Christ
and the Virgin Mary. Treatise of Salves and Curing Re-
medies, sine ainio. Extirpation of Ignorancy, &c. Car-
mina diversa. Ccrtayne gostly Medycynes, &c., sine anno.
When he took his degree of B.A., Wood says he was
"Then numbered among the celebrated poets of the Univer-
sity."— Athen. Oxon.
Bush, William. The Celestial Race, Lon., 1692.
Bush, William. Thu Inadvertencies and Indiscre-
tions of Good Men a great cause of general Corruption in
Society ; a serm. on 1 Tim. v. 22. 1746. Svo.
Bush, William. Voyage and Travel of W. B., Lon.,
1647. 4to.
Bush, William. Observations on Cancers, Bath. 1804.
Bushby, E. Introduction to the Study of Scripture,
12mo. Essay on the Human Mind, 5th edit., Camb.,
1852, 12mo.
Bushe, Aniyas. Socrates; a Dram. Poem, 1785, 4to.
Bushe, G. P. Population of Ireland. Trans. Irish
Acad.. 1790.
BusheL Seth, D.D. Sermons. 167?.. 78. '82.
Bushel, or Bushell, Thomas, 1594-1674, educated
at Baliid College, Oxford, wa:^ in the service of Lord Ba-
con. Charles made him Master of the Royal Mines in
Wales. Speeches and Songs at the Pres;entment of the
Rock at Euston to the Queen in 1636, Oxon.. 1636, 4to.
Remonstrance of His Majesty's Mines Royal in Wales,
Lon., 1642, 4to. Tracts concerning the Mines in Wales,
Lon.. 1642-60, 4to. Extract of the Lord Bacon's Philo-
sophical Theory of Mineral Prosecutions, 1660, 4to. See
an interesting account of Bushel and his famous " Rock"
and various projects, in A then. Oxon.
" Leaving behind him the character of one always troubled with
a heatin<; and contriving brain, of an aimer at g;reat and hiirh
things, while he himself was always indigent, and therefore could
never accomplish his mind to his original desire; of one always
borrowing to carry on his desif^n, but seldom or never paid."
Yet we should not omit to state that there were times
when Bushel had no lack of the precious metals. He is
Baid to have gained from one silver mine at Bwlch-yr-
Eskir, sufficient profit to enable him to present Charles I.
with a regiment of horse, and to provide clothes for his
whole army. In addition to this, he advanced as a loan
to his Majesty no less a sum than £40,000; equal to at
least four times the amount of the present currency : and
he also raised a regiment among miners at his own charge.
The mine referred to is the same one out of which Sir Hugh
Middleton accumulated £20(10 a month, "by which pro-
duce he was enabled to defray the expense of bringing
the New River to Loudon."
Busher, Leon. Liberty of Conscience, 1646, 4to, &c.
Bushnan, J. S., M.D. History of the Saline Treat-
ment of Cholera, Lon., Svo. Introduc. to the Study of
Nature, 8vo. Observations on Hydropathy, 12mo. Phi-
3L0
ot Organic Lite: to which is prefixed a Brief Exposition
of the Great Dc]>artments of Human Knowledge, r. l2mo,
with over one hundred illustrations.
'• Thoutrh cist to a popular form and manner, this work is the
produrtion of a man of seience. and presents its sul>jeKt in its latest
development, based on truly scientitic and accurate priociples.
It may. theref'>re. be consulted with interest by those who wish to
obtain in a roneise form, and at a low price, a resume of the pre-
sent state of animal and vegetable physiology."
Other works.
Bushnell, Edm. Complete Shipwright. 1669, 4to.
Bushnell, Horace, D.D., b. about 1804. at Wash-
ington, Litchfield county, Connecticut, graduated at Yale
College in 1827, where in 1829 he was appointed tutor.
He has been a journalist, and a law student, as well as
theologian. Among his publications are Christian Nur-
ture. 1847; God in Christ, 1849; and a sequel to these,
entitled. Christian Theology, 1851. He has pub. a num-
ber of sermons, — Unconscious Influence, Ac, — which have
been collected in one volume, entitled Sermons for the
New Life, 1S5S, 12mo. Many of his pieces will be found
in The New Englander; and his addresses before college
societies and literary assemblies are numerous.
'■His writings have attracted congiderable attention among
theologians from the bold and original manner in which he luia
presented views of the doctrines of the Calviaistic faith. . . . The
dissertation prefixed to his volume -God in Christ" contains the
germ of must of what are considered his theological peculiarities."
Busk, George, b. in Russia, a distinguished surgeon
and naturalist, went to England at an early age. He was
one of the early members, and, in 1848-49, President, of the
Microscopical Soc, and has contributed many valuable
papers to its Transactions. Editor of the Quarterly Jour-
nal of Microscopical Science. Trans. KblHker's Histology;
also Wedl's Pathological Histology. Catalogue of the Ma-
rine Polyzoa contained in the British Museum, 2 vols. 8vo.
Busk, M.M. The History of Spain and Portugal
from B.C. UKlO to A. D. 1814, Lon., 18;i3, 8voj pub. by
the Soc. for D. U. Knowledge.
"The running narrative, constantly enlivened by anecdote, of
which the subject is prolific, leaves us no time to be dull. A well-
analyzed chronological table is prefixed, as well aa a useful table
of coutents." — Lon. Gent. Mag.
Busk, 31rs. 1. Biographical Sketches, European and
Asiatic, Lon., p. Svo. 2. History of Mediaeval Popes,
Emperors, *fec., 2 vols. p. Svo ; vols. iii. and iv., 1S56, p.
Svo. 3. Plays and Poems, 2 vols. 12mo.
Bussey, George Moir. Life of Napoleon, illustrated
by 500 wood-engravings by Horace Vernet, 2 vols. Svo.
'■This work is well and carefully written, and, as a contribu-
tion to modem history, is entitled to a place in the library." —
WfitminsliT Review.
Bussiere, Paul, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil.
Trans., 1690, 1700.
Buswell, John. An Historical Account of the Knighta
of the most noble order of the Garter, from its institution,
1350, to the present time, 1757, Svo.
" The present desi^'n is briefly to give such account of those il-
lustrious Knij;hts who have been companious of this most noble
Order, as may in some measure shew the cause of their being ad-
mitted to so hi^h a dignity." — Pre/., p. 5.
" Mr. Buswell seems to have executed this desi<rn with all the
requisite eare and exactness; and his work forms no iinentertain-
ing system of biographical anecdotes." — Lmi. Mniithh/ Jtrr.AT^'!.
Recently a copy of this work was advertised by Mr.
George Willis. London, with MS. additions to the present
time. (1851.) by the Rev. D. T. Powell.
Busweli, Sir George, Bart. A copy of his last
Will and Testament, Lon., 1714, Svo; privately printed.
This pamphlet is interesting to the collectors of Northamp-
tonshire history.
Busweli, William, late of Queen's College, Cam-
1 bridge. Rector of AVidford, Essex. Plain Parochial ser-
mons on important sulijects, Lon., 1842, 12uio.
Butcher, Kdmund, a Unitarian minister. Sermons,
Lon., 1708-1806. 2 vols. Svo. An Excursion from Sid-
mnuth to Chester in 1S03, Lon., 1S05, 2 vols. 12mo. Ser-
mons for the Use of Families, 1S19, 3 vols. Svo.
"The style is simple and familiar; the sentences short, and
sometimes striking;. Scripture language is largely used and fi-eely
accommodated.'' — Lcn. Munthly Repository.
Other works.
Butcher, George. Causesof the present high pricea
of provisions, 1801, Svo.
Butcher, John. Sermon. Lon., Ifi94, Svo.
Butcher, Richard. Survey and Antiquities of the
Towns of Stamford and Tottenham, High Cross, Lon., 1646^
4toj 1717, Svo; with Notes by Francia Peck, 1727, foL
BUT
Butcher, William. Sermon. ISll. Plain Discourses
delivered to a I'tnintry Congregation, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Bute, John Stuart, thirdEarl of, 1713-1792. This
most unpopular statesman is said to have jilnyed himself
into the favour of the Prince of Wales, as Sir Christopher
Hatton danced himself into Queen Elizabeth's. His Lord-
ship took refuge from the arrows of Junius in his Paradise
of Shrubs. He printed a work upon his favourite pursuit
in 9 vols. 4to, — Botanical Tables, Ac, — at an expense of
£10,000 for 12 copies. Dr. Dutens thus speaks of his lord-
ship and his expensive book :
*' L'etude favorite de Lord Bute etoit la botjinique; il escelloit
tellement dans cette science, que les plus grands inaltres en Kurope
le consultoient et reeherchoient sa correspondauce ; il avoit ecrit
sur ce sujet uu ouvrageen 9 vols, in 4to. qu'il fit iuipiimer a grands
frkis.Il Tavoit compost pour la Reine d'Auglfttirre, et ne voulait
jamais le puljlier, tant il etoit ^loignS de tirer vanite de ses lu-
mi^res. II en tit tirer 16 exemplain-s, dont il nie douua un."' — Me-
moircs d'un Voi/ageur qui $e M'pose, vol. ii. p. 252.
Only twelve copies were printed, and were disposed of as
follows :
Lord But« 2
The Queen 1
Empress of Russia 1
Sir Joseph Banks 1
M. de Buffon 1
Lady Betty Mackenzie 1
Lady Ruthven 1
Lady Marartney 1
Duchess of Portland 1
Mrs. Barrington 1
M. Dutens 1
One of Lord Bute's copies sold in 179S. with Mr. Tighe's
books, produced £120; and the late Queen Charlotte's opy
was sold in 1819. for £117. A copy was sold in 1S13 for
£82 19«. The plates are said to have been destroyed. See
Gentleman's Mag. for 1792, p. 285 ; Martin's Bibliographi-
cal Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, and Dryander's
Catalogues : the latter remarks :
"Opera hujus, splendid! magis quam uiilis, duodecim tantum
exentplaria iinpressa sunt."
Butler, Alban, 1700-177:^, a native of Northampton,
was sent in his eighth year to the Engli:rh Roman Catholic
College at Douay, where be was subsequently appointed
Professor of Divinity. Whilst at this seat of learning, he
pub. his Letters on the History of the Popes, by Archi-
bald Bower.
" They are written with ease and good humour, they show va*
rious and extensive learning!;, a TiLjorous and candid mind. They
met with uuiver.sal applause." — Charles Butlek.
In 1745 he travelled through France and Italy with the
Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Messrs. Talbot, and on his
return was appointed to a mission in Staffordshire, though
anxious fur a London residence, which would permit ac-
cess to such works as he desired to consult in the compila-
tion of his History of the Saints. Shortly after reaching
England, he was appointed Chaplain to Edward, Duke of
Norfolk, and accompanied Edward Howard, his nephew,
to the Continent. Whilst at Paris he sent to the press his
Lives of the Saints, upon which he had laboured more or
less for thirty years. It was pub. Lon., 1745, 5 vols. 4to ;
Dubl., 1780, 12 vols. Svo. In the edit, before us, the im-
primatur of the prelates is dated January 29th, 183^; pub.
(18:i6) at Dublin. 2 r. 8vo vols., with a preface by Bishop
Doyle, and life of the author by his nephew, Charles But-
ler, (q. r.) In the first edit, the notes were omitted. This
step was t;iken at the advice of JVIr. Challoner, Vicar-
apostolic of the London district, who thought that the
work would be too costly for general circulation unless re-
duced in size. An edili., considered the best, was pub. in
1847, Lon., 12 vols. Svo; the continuation by C. Butler
should be added. *' It is easy to suppose," remarks his
nephew and biographer, Charles Butler, *' what it must
have cost our author to consign to oblivion the fruit of so
much labour, and so many vigils. He obeyed, however."
Happily they were restored in the subsequent editions.
The Lives of the Saints is a curious storehouse of ecclesi-
astical and secular learning.
" The erudition, the heauty of style, the true spiiit of religion,
and the mild and conciliating language, which pervade this work,
edified all its readers, disposed them to be pleased with a religion
in which Ihey .saw so much virtue, allaved tht'ir prejudicesasainst
its professors, and led them to consider the general body with good
will. It has been translated into French. Spanish, and Italian;
and, though a bulky and expensive work, has gone through seve-
ral editinns." — CriARLEs Butler.
Gibbon remarks of this compilation,
'' It is a work of merit: — the .^ense and learning belong to the
author; the pr'.ju<Iicos are thnse of his profession."
Upon which Charles Butler remarks with his usual grace-
ful and gentlemanly humour:
BUT
" As it is known what prejudice means in Mr. Gibbon's TOcab»
lary, our authors relatives accept the character."
The Rev. Alban Butler also pub. The Life of Mary of
the Cross.
" It is rather a vehicle to convey instruction on various import-
ant duties of a reli'.'ious life, and on sublime prayer, than a minute
account of the life and actions of the nun.'' — CinRLES Butler.
He left an unfinished Treatise on the Movable Feasts,
which was pub. by Mr. Challoner, (an edit., Dubl., 1839,
Svo;) and Charles Butler pub. his Short Life of Sir Toby
Matthews. The Rev. Mr. Jones superintended the publi-
cation of three vols, of his Meditations and Disctmrses,
issued in 1791, since the author's decease j new edit., by
Dr. Lanigan, Dubl., 1840, Svo.
"They are acknowledged to possess great merit; the morality
of them' is entitled to great praise; the discourse on conversation
shows a considerable knowledge of life and manners Ilis
sermons were sometimes interesting and pathetic; but they were
always desultory, and almost always immeasurably long." — Cha3.
Butler.
He made collections for the Lives of Bishop Fisher and
Sir Thomas More, which, it is to be regretted, with several
other projected works, were never given to the world.
Sometime after his return to England from his travels with
Mr. Howard, he wa.= chosen President of the English Col-
lege at St. Omer's, which responsible position he filled
until the day of his death — in 1773. He was always much
attached to literary pursuits, and ever ready to assist the
learned investigations of others. He aided Cardinal Qui-
rini in his edition of Cardinal Pole's Letters, who makes
this handsome acknowledgment of his valuable co-opera-
tion :
" The Letters were procured for the author by Mr. Alban lintler,
to whom the public is indebted for the most useful and valuable
work which has appeared in the English language on the Lives of
the Saints, and which has been so much esteemed in France, that
it is now translated into the language of a country celebrated for
biography, with large additions by the author. This gentleman's
readiness on all occasions to assist the author in his undertaking
was answerable to his extensive knowledge, and general acquaint-
ance with whatever has any relation to erudition."
The value of Quirini's commendation is too well known
to scholars to require to be enlarged on here.
Mr. Butler pursued his studies with such zeal that we
are assured by one of his friends that
"Every instant that Mr. Butler did not dedicate to the govern-
ment of his college, he employed in .study; and when obliged to
go abroad, he woiild read as he walked along the streets. I have
met him with a book under each arm, and a thiid in his hands,
and have been told, that, travelling one day on horseback, he fell
a readimr. giving the horse his full liberty. The creature used it
to eat a few ears of corn that grew on the madside. The owner
came in haste, swearing that he would be indemnified. Mr. But-
ler, who knew nothing of the damage done, no sooner perceived
it, than, blushing, he said to the countryman, with his usual
mildness, that his demand was just; he then draws out a louis-
d'or. and gives it to the fellow, who would have been very well
satisfied with a few pence, makes repeated apologies to him, easily
obt.Tins forgiveness, and goes on his way."
The character of Alban Butler was most exemplary.
L'Abbe de la Sepouze thus speaks of him :
"AVhat astonished me most was. that studies so foreign to the
supernatural objects of piety, shed over his soul neither aridity
nor lukewarmness. He referred all things to God- and his dis-
cnnrsp always concluded by some Christian reflections, which he
skilfully drew from the topic of his conversation. His virtue was
neither minute nor pusillanimous: religion had in his discourse,
as well as in his conduct, that solemn gravity which can alone
make it worthy of the Supreme Being. Ever composed, he feared
neither contradiftions nor adversities; he dreaded nothing but
praises. He never allowed himself a word that could injure any
one's reputation. ... In short. T will confess it to my confusion
that for a long time I sought to discover a f-tiling in him; and I
protest, by all that is sacred, that I never knew one in him." See
the whole of this interesting letter in the Account of the Life and
AVritincs of Alban Butler, prefixed to the Lives of the Saints.
ButleFi, C. The Age of Chivalry; a Tale, abridged
from the Knights of the Swan, by Madame de Geniis,
1799. 12mo.
Butler, Charles, 1559-1647, a native of High Wy-
comb. Buckinghamshire, was entered of Magdalen Hall,
Oxford, in 1579; Vicar of Lnwrence Wotton, Hampshire,
from fibout 1600 until his death. Feminine Monarchic ; or
The History of Bees, and the due ordering of them, Oxon.,
1609. Svo. ' In Latin, by Richardson, under the title of
Monarchia Feminina. sive Apium Hi:^toria. Lon., 1673,
Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Rhetoriese, libri
duo, Oxon., 1619, '29, 4to. De Propinquitate Matrimo-
nium impediente regula Generalis; or the Marringe of
Cousins german, Oson., 1625, 4to. Oratorise, libri duo,
Oxon.. 1638, 4to; often reprinted. The English Gram-
mar, 1633, 4to; quoted by Dr. Johnson in the Grammar
prefixed to his Dictionary. The Principles of Music, in
singing and setting, Lon., 1636. 4to.
*'The only theoretical or didactic work published on the subject
of music during the reign of Charles I. It contains more know-
3U
BUT
ledge in a small compass than any other of the kind in our lan-
guage; but the Saxon and new characters he uses, in order to ex-
plode such chai-acters as are redundant, or of uncertain powers,
render this musical tract somewhat difficult to peruse." See Dr.
Burney's Gen. Hist, of Music.
_ Butler, Charles, 1750-1832, a learned Roman Catho-
lic, and eminent lawyer, was the nephew of Alban Butler,
(q. V.) and a native of London. He was educated at the
English Roman Catholic Colle,2:e at Douaj, where he was
noted for his talents and studious aiijdication. He was
entered of Lincoln's Inn.'in 1775, and was called to the
bar in 1791, being the first barrister of the Roman Catho-
lic communion since the Revolution : he never argued any
case save the one of Chohuondeley v. Clinton. In 1832
he accepted from the chancellor a silk gown, and was
made a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn. Mr. Butler was a zeal-
ous champion of the religious faith which he professed,
whilst not unmindful of those amenities without which
there is little hope of rectifying the opinions of others or
recommending our own. The character which he gives
of his uncle, the celebrated author of The Lives of the
Saints, is a higher eulogy in his own favour than any we
could indite.
" He was zealous in the cause of relii^ion. but his zeal was without
bitterness or animosity: polemic acrimony was unknown to him.
He never f irgot that in every heretic he saw a brother Christian ;
in everv infidel he saw a brother man." — Charles Butler's Life of
Alban Jiuller.
In 1778 he pub. an Essay on the Legality of Impressing
Seamen. Mr. Hargrave had left unfinished, after seven
years' labour, his edit of Coke upon Littleton. Mr. Butler
took the remainder — nearly half the work — iu hand, .and
finished it in four terms, according to his contract. We
by no means assert, however, that Mr. Butler did as much
work as Mr. Ilargrave. Our reference is only to the
calendar. We notice other publieatiuus of Mr. Butler.
Hora; Biblica; ; being a .Series of Miscellaneous Notes
on the original Text, early Versions, and printed Editions,
of the Old and New Testaments, 1797, 8vo ; not sold ;
printed for the author's friends. Part 2, 1804, 8vo ; 1807,
vol. i., 4th edit ; vol. ii., 2d edit. The second vol. treats
of the books accounted sacred by the Mohammedans, Hin-
doos, Parsees, Chinese, and Scandinavians.
" An elegant work, the production of the leisure hours of Mr.
Butler. It docs great credit to his learning, research, candour,
and good sense. It supplies in a narrow compass a large portion
of useful information on all the topics of which it treats, and
directs to the sources whence it is chieHy drawn. In an appendix.
the ingenious writer gives a literary outline of the disputes on the
anthenticity of 1 .John v. 7 ; in which the evidence on both sides
is stated with great candour and accuracy. The fifth edition of the
Hone Biblica- is inserted in a collection of Mr. Butler's Philologi-
cal and Biographical Works. 1S17. 5 vols. 8vo," — Ormc's Bibl. Bxb.
" A judicious manual of Biblical criticism."— r.//.ffr>rnf's Introd.
" An eleu'ant and interesting work."— Dr. T. F. Dicdin.
In ISIO M. Boulard pnb. in Paris, 8vo, a French trans,
of this work, from the edit, printed at Oxford in 1799.
Horse Juridieae Subseciva ; being a connected Series of
Notes concerning the Geography, Chronology, and Lite-
rary History of the principal Codes and original Docu-
ments of the Grecian, Roman, Feudal, and Canon Law,
Lon., 1804, 8vo ; 1S07, 8vo ; 3d edit., with additions, Lon.,
1830, 8vo,- pub. in Phihada., 1808.
"The author in the compilation of this work, appears to have
freely used Schomlierg's Klements of the Roman Law, (■ an amusing
and Buperflrial Utile work.') with a sprinkling of authorilies bor-
rowed from Gibbon's 44th chapter. It Is an unfavourable specimen
of Mr. Butler's labours, being noted neither for accuracy nor depth
of research. It cont.ains, however, useful information upon the
subjects of which it treats, and refers the student to authorities to
assist him in a farther prosecution of each iiead of inquiry." See
Marvin's Legal Bibl.; 2 llotfman's Leg. Student, 523; "8 ■West-
minster Review, 422.
It is included in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works.
In 1S06 the Emperor of Austria renounced the empire
of Germany, and a r|Uestion anise on its territorial e.\tent.
This led to the publication of Mr. Butler's Notes on the
chief Revolutions of the principal States which composed
the Empire of Charlemagne, ic, 1S07, 8vo, repub. in 1812,
8vo, under the title of A Succinct History of the Geographi-
cal and Political Revolutions in the Empire of Germany,
or the Principal States which composed Ihe Empire of
Charlemagne, Ac. This work did the author great credit,
"There has been a book published by Mr. Butler on the German
Con.stitution that I consider invaluable. Here will be found all
the outlines of the subject. Let the detail be studied, wherever it
is thought necessary, in Gibbon, [Lecture I.] I must once more re-
mind you that the work of Mr. BuHer on the German Empire is
Indispensably necessary. [Lecture i.]"—Prof. SmyWs Lectures on
Modem H'dory.
" Mr. Butler h.as produced a work of great curiosity and interest,
Md one which must at the present period be peculiiirly acceptable.
Me know, indeed, of no othew works, in this or any language, in
which this regular series of information on the Germanic Kmpire
oan be found."— SnteA Critic, July, 1813.
312 '
BUT
It will be found in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works.
Fearne's Essay on Contingent Remainders and Execu.
tof-j- Devises, 6th edit,, with Notes, 1809, 8vo.
'■ The study of this pi-ofouod and useful work .Mr. Butler greatly
tiicilitated by his clear arrangement and intelligent notes." — Lim.
Gtnt. Mug.. l'S32.
We may mention that the 10th edit, of Fearne's Essay
was pub. by Josiah W. Smith, Esq., Lon., 1844, 2 vols,
r. 8vo; this edit, includes Mr. Butler's notes. Life and
Writings of J. B. Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, Lon , 1SI2,
8vo.
"The reader will do well to procure Mr. Butler's pleasing bio
graphical Memoir of Bossuet." — Dr. T. F. Dibdis.
Historical Memoirs of the English, Irish, and Scottish
Catholics since the Reformation, Ac., 3d edit., consider-
ably augmented, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. The Life of Eras-
mus, with Historical Remarks on the State of Literature
between the tenth and sixteenth Centuries, Lou., 1825,
8vo. An Historical and Literary Account of the Formu-
laries, Confessions of Faith, or Symbolic Books of the Ro-
man Catholic, Greek, and Principal Protestant Churches,
1816, 8vo; appended to this were ibur Essays, of which
the last was the celebrated one on the Reunion of Chris-
tians, which elicited much censure. Respecting this essay
the author remarks in a letter to Dr. Parr :
" Ihe chief aim of all my writings has been to put Catholic and
Protestant into good humour with one another, and Catholics into
a good humour with themselves. . . . I never had any notion that
the reunion of Christians was practicable."
It is certainly better to agree to disagree, than to disa-
gree in the effort to agree.
A Continuation of the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the
Saints to the present time, Ac, 1823. The Book of the
Roman Catholic Church, in a Scries of Letters addressed
to Robert Southey, Esq., in his Book of the Church, 1825,
Svo. Mr. Southey refers to this publication in his letters
to John May, Esq., March 16, and to Rev. Robert Philip,
Aug. 15, 1825: he reviewed it also in tlie Quart. Review,
xxxiii. 1 ; xxxvi. 305 : see also Edin. Review, xliii. 125.
As we h.ave not room to quote the statements of both par-
ties, of course we shall give neither. Mr. Butler in the
second vol., p. 59, of his Reminiscences, enumerates no
less than ten replies which were elicited by this work. He
answered his objectors in A Letter to the Rt. Rev. C. J.
Blomfield, Bishop of Chester, 1825. and in his Vindication
of the Book of the Roman Catholic Church, Ac., 1826,
Svo. The Vindication elicited six additional replies (!)
See Butler's Reminiscences, vol. ii. 62, which were noticed
by Mr. B. in an Appendix to his Vindication. His Re-
miniscences, a most interesting work, was pub. vol. i.
1822; vol. ii. 1827. For a biographical sketch of Mr.
Butler, and notices of his publications, see Gent. Mag.,
1832, 269. We have already referred to the collective
edit, of his works, Lon., 1817, 5 vols. Svo. Mr. Bntler,
following the example of his celebrated uncle, was a most
diligent student. He tells us that
" Very early rising, a systematic division of his time, abstinence
from all company, and fiom all diversions not likely to amuse him
highly. — from reading, writing, or even thinking on modern party
politics, — and, above all, never permitting a scrap of time to be
unemployed. — have supplied him with an abundance of literary
hours. His literary acquisitions are principallv owing to the rigid
observance of four rules: to dii-ect his attention to one literary
object only at a time; to read the best work upon it, consulting
others as little as possible ; when the subjects were contentious,
to read the best book on each side ; to find out men of information,
and when in their society, to listen, not to talk."
Butler, Charles. Introduction to Algebra, Lon.,
1800 : to the Mathematics, with notices of authors and
their works, Oxf., 1814, 2 vols. Svo.
Butler, Clement Moore, D.D., b. ISIO, Troy, N. T.
Year of the Church; a Poem. Common Prayer Book in-
terpreted by its History. Old Truths and New Errors.
Butler, D. Funeral Serm. on Sir Cloudesley Shovel,
1707, 8vo.
Bntler, Frances Anne. See Kemble.
Butler, George, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. Serm.,
Matt, xxviii. 18-20. Festival of the Sous of the Clergy,
Lon., 1843, Svo.
Butler, Mrs. H. 1. Love's Mazes. 2. Count Eu-
genie ; novels, 1S06, '07.
Butler, Lady Harriot. Memoirs from her MS.,
1761, 2 vols. 12mo.
Butler, Hon. Henry. To the Electors of Eng-
land, 1809 ; on the Necessity of a Reform in Parliament,
1809.
Butler, J. History and Picturesque Guide to the Isle
of Wight, ISOfi, 12mo.
Butler, James. Extent and Limits of Subjection
due to Princes ; serm., Rom. xiii. 1, 1707, Svo.
BUT
BUT
Butler, James. Justification of the Tenets of the
Romiin Ciitlu'liL' Religion. 17S7, 8vo.
Butler, John, Chaplain to James, Duke of Ormond.
An Acciniiit of Time, stating the day, hour, and minute
of our Saviiiur's Nativity, Lon., 1671, Svd. Kalendar,
Scriptural and Astronomical, for live years, during and
after Christ's Ministry, 1671, Svo. Serm., 1(>7S, 4to. As-
trology, I6S0, Svo. Last Legacy, 16St), Svo. Bellua Ma-
rina ; Hist. Descrip. of the Papal Empire from Prophecy,
1090. Svo.
Butler, John, D.D., 1717-1S02, a native of Ham-
burg, become a private tutor in the family of Mr. Child,
a banker. He obtained the living of Everly. Wiltshire ;
was made liij^hup of Oxfurd, 1777; and tnmylated to the
see of Hereford, 1788. He pub. a number of poUtii-al
tracts, and several sermons, 174li-7S. His discdurses and
two charges were cidlected by him, and pub. in 18(11,
under the title of Select Sermons, &c., Svo.
"They appear to be the plain, serinns. .ind impressive dictates
of the mind. They abound not with laboured ornaments and
well-turned periods, but with attractions of a preferable kind. —
with sriund sense and rational piety. We recommend both them
[the charges'! and the sermons to the serious attentiouof the clergy
and the public.'' — Lott. Montldy Kevieto.
The Letters of Junius were at one time ascribed to this
prelate.
Butler, John. Brief Reflections on the Liberty of
the British Subject : addressed to the Right Hon. Edmund
Burke ; occasioned by his publication on the French Revo-
lution. Canterb., 179"l, Svo.
Butler, Joseph, 1692-1752, a very eminent prelate,
was bnrn at Wantage, in Berkshire, where his father, a
Presbyterian, was a respectable tradesman. Joseph was
the youngest of eight children, and evinced at an early
age those powers of mind for which he afterwards became
so distinguished. His father designed him for the minis-
try in hi.'? mvii den-iininntiou, and |ilaced him at a Dissent-
ing academy in Tewkeslmrj' ; but an examination of the
principles of the Church of England resulted in a deter-
mination to enter its communion. Accordingly in 1714
he was received as a commoner of Oriel College, Oxford.
At college he formed a friendship with Mr. Eilmund Tal-
bot, son of Bishop Talbot, and to this fortunate alliance
he was indebted fur his future preferment. In 1718 he
was appointed preacher at the Rolls, which post he re-
tained till 1720, in the beginning of which year he pub-
lished Fifteen Sermons preached at the Hulls Chapel, of
which a second edition appeared in 1729. Subsequently
there were added to this collection. Six Sermons preached
upon puldic occasions.
'■In these adniii'iible di.scourses may plainly be discovered the
germs of those principles of analogy which were afterwards de-
veloped by him in his celebrated worli."
"Of these ?ernions. considered as di^iiuisitions on the philoso-
phy of morals and reli^^ion. it is diffiriilt to speak in terms of
proper and commensurate commendation. Thev exhibit a rare
combination of nearly all the excellencie.s of which compositions
of this class are susceptible, and are. generally, remarkably free
from most of the defects and blemishes of abstru.sely arirumenta^
tive sermons. They are chartreable. however, with one serious and
capital deficiency — a deficiency of evangelical sentiment." — Cun-
ninghani's Ti'og. /list.
'■ Able and ar^'umentative, but fitter for the closet than the
pulpit. More useful to give haViits of thinking, than to raise to
communinn with Hod." — Bickersteth.
In 1722 he was presented by Bishop Talbot with the
benefice of Haughtun, which he exchanged in 1725 for
that of Stanhope, where he i-emained for seven years.
He was in this retired country parish, when Queen Caro-
line asked whether he was not dead; to which it was an-
swered, " No. madam, but he is buried." In 173^:^ he was
appointed Chaplain to the Lord-Chancellor Talbot; and
in three years afterwards he was made clerk of the closet
to her Majesty. In 17.'i8 he was raised to the Bishopric
of Bristol, and in 17o0 was translated to the See of Dur-
ham. In the following year he delivered to the clergy of
his diocese a charge, in which he sets forth the great
value of external forms and institutes in religion. This
charge was published, and elicited a pamphlet from an
anonymous writer, entitled. A Serious Inquiry into the
Use and Importance of External Religion, occasioned by
some passages in the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of
Durham's Charge to the Clergy of that Diocese. He was
a man of uncommon liberality of disposition, and ex-
pended £401)0 in the repairs and enlbe^i^hment of the
episcopal palace at Bristol — which was a larger sum than
he received from the bishopric during his continuance in
the see. He one day asked his steward how much money
was in the house : to which it was answered, *' Five hun-
dred pounds," ** Five hundred pounds !" exclaimed the
worthy prelate, "what a shame for a bishop to have so
much money in the house at one time !" He then ordered
a great part of it to be distributed to the poor. Shortly
after he had been seated in his new bishopric, his health
began to decline, and in 1752 he died at Bath, in the sixty-
first year of his age. He was never married. The piety
of Bishop Butler was full of seriousness, humility, and
tervoui. Filu-eu years after his decease, a declaration was
published by an anonymous writer to the effect that the
bishoyj had died in the communion of the Church of Rome.
This falsehood was amply refuted by Archbkshop Seeker.
"This stnnjre slander, founded on the weakest pretences, and
most trivial circumstances, that can be ima^diied, no one was
better qualified to confute than the archbishop ; as well from hiy
lon^' and intimate knowled.^e of Bislxip Butler, as from the infor-
mation given him at the time, by thoNe who attended his lordship
in his last illness, and were with him when he died." — Bp, Por-
teus's Life of Secktr.
The last edit, of his works, with a Preface by Bishop Hali-
fax, was pub. in 1849, 2 vols. Svo, at the Oxf. Univ. Press.
We now come to speak of that great work, which will
secure the veneration of the world for the name of Butler,
as long as either religion or philosophy are held in esteem
by mankind. The Analogy of Religion, Jsatural and
Revealed, to the constitution and course of nature, ap-
peared in the same year in which the author was made
clerk of the closet to Queen Caroline. This work is less
surprising when considered as the production of the same
mind which twenty-fave years before (when Butler was a
youth of nineteen at the Tewkesbury Academy) had asto-
nished Doctor Clarke with the profundity of its disquisi-
tions on his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of
God. It has been remarked that *' the same reach and
sagacity of intellect which characterize all Butler's subse-
quent performances are exhibited to the greatest advan-
tage in these letters to Dr. Clarke."
The Analogy ever "since its first publication, has been univer-
sally considered as beyond comparison the ablest treatise on the
philosophy of religion. As a preparation for the student of the
evidences of natural and revealed relij^ion, it is invaluable; since
it both annihilates the most formidable a pHori objections of the
infidel, and is admirably fitted to form the mind to the serious and
earnest pursuit of truth. To good men of a speculative turn of
mind, who are tormented by the frequent recurrence of skeptical
doubts, it has always proved an inestimal>le blessing; and even
infidels have been compelled to acknowledge its superlative excel-
lence as a piece of reasoning."
'• Bishop Butler is one of those creative geniuses who give a cha-
racter to their times. His preat work. The Analogy of Keligion,
has fixed the admiration of all competent judges for nearly a cen-
tury, and will continue to be studied so long as the language in
which he wrote endures. The mind of a master pervades it. . . .
There are in his writinL'sa vastness of idea, a reach and generaliza--
tioii of reasoning, a native simplicity and grandeur of thought,
whirli <-nMini,iiuland till the mind. . . . He is amonerst the few classic
autliM] s of the first rank in modern literature. He takes his place
with Bacon and Pascal and Newton."— Bp. Wilson: Pref. to Anal.
Mr. Hallam, in a dissertation of considerable length
upon Bishop Cumberland's De Legibus Natura; Disqui-
sitio Philosophica, shows under what obligations both
Butler and Paley rested to this author. (Introduction to
the Lit. Hist, of Europe.)
Butler quotes the following observation of Ori gen's, (Phi-
local..) and perhaps we may consider it as the text upon
which he based his Analogy:
" He who believes the Scriptures to have proceeded from Him who
is the author of \ature. may well expect to find the same sort of
difficulties in it as are found in the constitution of Xature."
'Mithers had established the historical and prophetical i^rounds
of the Christian Relitrion. and that sure testimony of its truth
which is found in its perfect adaptation to the heart of man: it
was reserved for him to develope its analogy to the constitutioa
and course of natiu-e: and. layimr his sti-ong foundations in the
depth of that great arirument, tbiTi' to construct another and ii-re-
fra'.'able proof, thus renderiii'-T I'hilMsnjiliy subservient to Faith;
' and finding: in outward and ^ isiblc ibiiiLrs. the type and evidence
of them within the vail.'' — From the Kpituph on his Monument in
Bristol Coihedral.
"To a mind disposed to view with calmness, humility, and re-
verence, the whole system of providence, so far as it is pei'mitted
to man to view ' the work which God niakef h from the beirinning
to the end,' Dr. Butler has unfolded the analo|:y. or relation of the
I course of nature to reliirion. bv which all tbintrs are found to pro-
ceed in harmony from Him. who hath made nothing imperfect. I
' think this preat performance of Butler has peculiar force, when it
; is considered in the conclusion of our ivliginus researches, and not
as part of the ori^rinal proofs: or as Lord Bacon expresses himself,
'Tanquam pnrtum et fi^abbathum humanarum contemplationum
I omnium.' fDe .\ug. Scientiar., lib. iii.]" — Pnrsiats of Litfraturi.
I Dr. Chalmers pronounces Bishop Butler's Sermons to
I contain
'■ The most precious repository of sound ethical principles extant
in any laURuage."
But Dr. Wardlaw, in his Christian Ethics, designates
Bishop Butler's moral system as that ''of Zeno baptized
into Christ."
313
BUT
•'ThatthereissuchalhinaasaOTKi-scnfnafKre none ran deny. ;
This therefore, is the grounil on whii-h Butler taltes his stand,
whereon he fixes a lever th.^t shakes the strongholds of unbelief
even to their foundation; for on comparinR this scheme of nature
with the scheme of revelation, there is found a most singular cor-
respondence between the several parts.— such a corivspondence as
gives very strong re.ison for believing that the author of one is the
author of both.
' A^ hat if earth
Be hut the shadow of he,iyen. and tbiuss therein ^ _^
■ Each to each other like, more than on earth is Ihouirht,
!-ee Quarterly Keview, vol. xliii. Ih^.
" No author has made a more just and a more happy use of this
mode of reasoning than Bishop Butler, in his Analngn nf RrXujmn.
In that excellent work the author does not ground any ot the
truths of religion upon analogy as their proper evidence; he only
makes use of analogy to answer objections against them ^^ hen
objections are made against the truths of religion, which ni:iy be
made with equal strength against what we know to be true in the
course of nature, such objections can have no weight. —Kaa s
Essai/xrm IJn- liilMctwl rmiiers. ti oj
Dr. Reid also notices in his Active Powers, lissay dd,
the important distinction which Up. Butler makes
" Between sudden anger or resentment, which is a blind impulse,
arisiu" from our constitution, and that which is deliberate. Ihe
first may be raised by hurt of any kind ; but the last can only be
raised by injury, reiil. or conceived. Both these kinds of anger or
res'entment are raised whether the hurt or injury be done to oui-
selves or to those we are interested in." ^
To the Analogy are appended two dissertations : 1. On
Personal Identity. 2. On tlie Nature of Virtue. In the
first, Mr. Loclce's account of personal identity is considered
"Refuted in a stvle which shows that h.ad he concentrated his
attention up .n the philnsopbv of the human mind, he might have
celinsed the fame of some of the greatest metaphysicians. In the
second, he propounds and illustrates with great perspicuity the
same theory of virtue on which he had before insisted in the pre-
fiice to his sermons." ^ u ^
" We think that the illustrious Bishop of Durham has exhausted
the subject I Personal Identitvl by slating fairly the opinions which
he controverts, and by establishing his own upon a foundalion
which cannot be shaken, and which are certainly not injured by
the objections of Mr. Cooper."— Bucj/c. Bnl. , . , ^, ,
Our eminent author has been compared with the cele-
brated American philosopher— Jonathan Edwards.
" Mr Edwards comes nearer Bishop Butler as a philosophical
divine th.an any other theologian with whom we .are .acf|u;iinted.
His style, like Butler-s, is very much that of a man thinking aloud.
In both these authors, the train of thinking in their own minds is
more clearly exhibited to us than perhaps by any other author,
whilst they show us with great truth and distinctness, what their
notions are. and how they came by them, with very little concern
about the form of expression in which they are conveyed. Butler,
however, had a larger mind than Kd%vards. and was by no means
so much of a mere dialectician. If. therefore, he be less acute than
the American, he is more comprehensive, and gives fairer play to
every opposing argument." — Encyc. Brit. , i .
Lord Kames, speaking of devotion as being natural to
man, adils, in a note, j . o
'■ See this principle beautifully explained and illuslratcd in a her-
■ I ^ 1 p.-,. J 1... T^...,f.,.. r(„, i>i<l...[) ,,t Durliani. —
BUT
rmdtrs ; and those, too, persons of an improved taste, and cult|.
Tated minds." . , , ,■ .i j i.i.
Few productions of the human mind have elicited the
lab'oa/s of so many learned commentators as have em-
ployed their talents in the exposition of Butler's Analogy.
We notice the editions of (1) Duke; 2. Bushy, 1840; 3.
I>u<'he, 1842 ; 4. Halifax, last ed., 1.S44 ; 5. Wilson, 7th ed,,
1841; ; 6, Sir G. W. Craufurd, 3d ed., 1847 ; 7. Wilkinson,
1847; last ed., 1863; 8. Fitzgerald, 1848; 9. Hutton, last
ed., ISo.i: 10. Angus, I85,i ; II. (Jorle. 1S57; 12. Steere,
1857 To these may be added the American edits.: 13.
Bishop Hohart; 14. Rev. B. F. Tefft ; 15. Rev. Albert
Barnes, last ed., (Bon.,) 1S51 ; 16. Rev. Drs. Emory and
Crooks. 1856: 17. Howard Malcom, D.D., 1S57,
'■His qrral work on the Analogy of Kdigim to the Course of
Naturr, though only a commentary on the singularly original
and pre-nant.Vss.age of Origen, which is so honestly prehxed to it
as a motto, is notwithst.anding, the most original and profound
work extant in any language, on the Philosophy of Religion, llis
ethical discussions are contained in those deep, and sometimes
dark Dissertations, which he preached at the Chaiiel of the Rolls,
and afterwards published under the name of *rmons. while he
was yet fresh from the schools, and full of that courage with which
youth often delights to exercise its strength in abstract reasoning,
and to push its faculties into the recesses of abstruse speculation.
In these sermons he has taught truths, more capable of being
exactly distinguished from the doctrines of his predecessors, more
satisfactorily established by him, more comprehensively applied
to particulars, more rationally connected with each other, and
therefore more worthy of the name of dimnxi-y, than any with
which we are acquainted ; if we ought not, with some hesitation,
to except the first steps of the Grecian philosophers towards a
theory of morals. . . . There are few circumstances more remark-
able than the small number of Butler's followers in Ethics; and
it is perhaps still more observable, that his opinions were not so
much rejected, as overlooked. It is an insUnce of the importance
of style. No thinker so great was ever so bad a writer. Indeed,
the ingenious apologies which have been lately •■'jtemptod for this
defect amount to no more than that his power of thought was too
much for his skill in language. How general must the reception
have been of truths so certain and momentous as those contained
in Butler's Discourse.s— with how much more clearness must they
have appeared to his own great underst^inding, if he had possessed
the stren-th and distinctness with which Iloblies enforces odious
falsehood, or the unspeakable charm of that t™,"''P?,''f"* ''V'*'™
which clothed the unfruitful paradoxes of Berkeley I — Snt J1ME9
i,it.n\stOin: -id rrelim. Dissert, to Encyc.Bnt.
From the preface to Dr. Angus's edit, (which the Key.
Dr. T. H. Home, in a private letter, especially commends
as worthy of our attention) we extract the following :
'■I know of no author who h,as ni.ade a more just and happy use
of analogical reasoning than Bishop Butler in his 'Analogy of Ke-
lit^ion.'" — Dr. Thom.xs Rkid. .
°'The most original and profound work extant in any language
on the philosophy of religion."— Sm J. Mackintosh; Frogress of
"The'most argumentative and philosophical defence of Chris-
tianity ever submitted to the world."— Lord Brooge.vm; A Disc.
"■''"The autho'rVvviiom I am under the greatest obligations is
Bishop Butler." ' The whole .,f this admirable treatise— one of the
most remarkable that any language can produce-;-is intended to
mon upon the Love of God, by Doctor Bnler.l .
a writer of ihe first rank."-.S/.-cte;ics of the Ihsl.oy „/ l/,,,.. vol iv.
" Every reader nf Butler's Sermons must be sensible, that they
afford an admir.al.le proof nf his sag.acity in treating moral ques-
tions We cannot hut think that what he hath advanced, on the
several subiects discussed by him. is decisive ; and hat he ought
forever to have silenced those philosophers who resolve .all human
actions into the sole principle of self-love. It should ho remem-
bered that our author's Sermons are chiefly to be considered as pln-
losophic.al and moral discourses, addressed to a select auditory; for
thev can by no means be regarded as general models of preaching.
The obscurity of Butler's style has been frequently ob-
jected to. And vet both the Sermons and the Analogy
had received the revision of the accurate and perspicuous
Seeker. M.tinwaring, in his Dissertation on the Composi-
tion of Sermons, whilst ho greatly commended Bishop But- ' ^-^^^^^p Butler tban'I have bee
ler's writings also refers to this imputed want of clearness range of our extant authorship.
% \ t " Treatise, Pref
of style : , i,. 1
" Newton and Locke, who rescued learning from the si
systems, and tau-ht men to think for themselves, were both
laity and both friends to revealed relirion. Since their _
other writer arosr.. whose vein of thinking is alike origi:
w-hose works. thnii._.b he bad neither the gitt of eloquence, nor the
art of exm-essiiig biios.lf wilh gr.ace or ease, have done honour to
his country The m.^tbod of reasoning he chielly adopts, is an ap-
peal to fails, of which all men are judges; and even when most
abstruse or abstracted, it is not perplexed or fallacious. lor meta-
nhysics which had nothing to support it but mere abstraction, or
sh.adowy speculation. Bishop Butler hath placed on the firm basis
of observation and experiment: and, by pursuing precisely the
show that the principles of moral government taught in the Scrip-
tures are strictly analogous to those everyvvliere exhibited in the
government of the world as seen in natural religion. -DE. Wit-
Liro: 3fcra! P7i .7.. p. 5; /nW.P'ii'., p. 338.
1 "I am ready to acknowle.lge that I trace so distinctl.y to his
writing's the oj-igin of the soundest and clearest vnews that I pos-
Teas upon the nature of the human mind, that I could not write
upon this or any kindred subject without a consciousness that 1
was, directly of indirectly, borrowing largely from hun. — UB.
O'Bmr.ti- Sermoyi.'ionihe ITuman Nature qt our Lord.
" It is from this hook that I have been confirmed in many truths
of which it does not speak a word and which probably never
entereil the mind of the autbor."— Dr. McCrie: ii/c.p. 84.
I have derived greater aid from the views and reasonings of
- - ■ • n able to find besides in the whole
De. Ch.vlmers: Bridgeviater
same mode of reasoning in the science of morals, as his fea' P''
decessor Newton had done in the system of nature, hath formed
and concluded a happy alliance between liiith and philosophy. The
Sermons he published, excepting some tew of a more popular cast,
are deep disquisitions on the plan of his Ana'.ogy. w'ell suited to a
learned audience, in an .age so fond of enquiry, although the im-
propriety of preaching them appeared to him to require some
apolo-v. But surely such an exercise of the understanding, if the
hearers are capable of it, must meliorate the heart, "esides. 1
cannot but wish, that, as there is so great an abundance ot the
practical sort, some sermons were written chiefly with a view to
311
mains of.iiy J. B..\^^^^. , „ «_ t, ■ ., io=;
"I am an entire disciple of Butler."-CECIl: Rcmairj. , p. IM.
Butler, Lilly, D.D., Vicar of St. Mary. Alderman-
bury, London, 1601 ; Prebendary of Canterbury. Ser-
mons, pub. separately. 16<n-1716. . „^ „ .,
Butler, Piers Edmund, Curate of St. Margarets,
Ipswi.-h. The Rationality of Revealed Religion illustrated
in a Series of Sermons. Ac, Ipswich, 1835, 12mo
Butler, Robert, M.D. Blood-letting, Lon., 1734, Svo.
Butler, S. An Essay upon Education, Lon„ s.a, 8vo.
Butler, Samuel, 1612-16S0, the author of Hndibras,
was a native of Strensha.n. a parish in Worcestershire
He was sent to the cathedral scho.d in Worcestershire, and
thence, it is said, to Cambridge, but to what co lege is not
known. Returning home, he became a clerk to Mr. ,Ief-
feries of Earls Croombe, which situation he was so loriunate
BUT
as to exchange for a place in the household of Elizabeth,
Countess of Kent, where he made the acquaintance and
frieudbhip of her ladyship's steward, the great Selden.
This intimacy was no doubt improved by Butler to his in-
tellectual protit. We subsequently find him an inmate in
the family of Sir Samuel Luke, a gentleman uf Bedford-
shire, and a commander of note under Cromwell. Sir
Samuel is the original of Hudibras. After the Restora-
tion he was made secretary to Kichard, Earl of Carbury,
(the friend of Jbrkmy Taylor, 7. ?'.,) who ap])ninted him
steward of Ludlow Castle. lie became united in marriage
about this time to a Mrs. Herbert, a lady of fortune, which
was lost by unfortunate investments. lu 1663 he pub. the
1st part of Hudibras ; 2d part, 1664 ; 3d part, 1678 ; more
was doubtless intended, fur the poem is unfinished, aud
ends abruptly. Three parts, Lon., 1700, and 1710. 1716,
1720, 12uio. With large Annotations, aud a preface by
Dr. Z. Grey, aud plates by Hogarth, Camh., 17-14, 2 vols.
8vo, and 1819. 3 vols. 8vo. With an addit. vol. of Notes
by Dr. Nasb, Lon., 1793, 3 vols. 4to ; new edit., illustrated.
Lon., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Trans, into French by Townley,
Lon., 1757, 3 vols. 12mo, and 1819, 3 vols. 12mo, with
Notes by Larcher :
"Hudibras has been admirably translated into Toltan-e's own
language by an Knglish gentleman, (J. Townlfy,) whose version
displays a. singular union of spirit and fidelity."
" Scarron is among French writers what Butler is amongst our
own,"
Dr. Grey's edit, has been highly commended :
"The best critical edition of this author was by Dr. Grey, in
1744; a performance replete with curious, interesting, and accu-
rate historical and bibliographical int -Hi^ence. I rarely open
this book without rising gratilied by its perusal." — JJibdiJi's Li-
brary Companion.
Dr. Nash's edit., illustrated by 60 engraved Portraits,
and numerous fine wood-cuts, including the noted frontis-
piece styleil by Dr. Dibdin, *' among the miracles of modern
art," is a beautiful book:
"The introduc'tion of so many portraits of interesting person-
ages, must give the best recommendation these volumes can ob-
tain to the librai-y of the man of taste." — Lon. Art Unirm, Journal.
Mr. A. Ramsay has also edited an edit, in 1 vol. :
*• A careful analysis, with ample extracts ; such as may be read
with pleasure by the most fastidious." — L'm. Athnmum.
In 1715 appeared what is called The Posthumous Works
of Samuel Butler, in 3 vols. 12mo. Of this collection of
50 pieces, three only are genuine. An authentic collec-
tion was pub. by Mr. R. Thyer in 1759, 2 vols. Svo, en-
titled. Genuine Remains in Prose and Verse, with Notes.
'•These remains do not answer my expectations, and as for the
editor, he is always in the wrong where there was a possibility of
mistaking." — Bishop Warrurton.
Perhaps the best of Butler's prose works are the Cha-
racters, (vol. 2d,) in the style of Earle, Hall, and Over-
bury. The best-known of his poetical pieces, after Hudi-
bras, is Tbe Elephant in the Moon, a satire on the Royal
Society, It has been generally supposed that Butler spent
his last years in great destitution, though this has been
denied; but as his friend Mr. Longueville l)uricd him at
his own expense, there is little doubt of the truth of this
melaueholy story. Indeed, Oldham's authority settles tlie
question. It is known that Hudibras was *' the chief en-
tertainment of Charles II., who often pleasantly (pioted it
in conversation," and it is said that his majesty ordered
Butler the sum of £3000, but the order being written in
figures, somebody, through whose hands it passed, by cut-
ting off a cypher, reduced it to £300. Dr. Johnson re-
marks, *' all that can be told with certainty is, that he
was poor."
The general design of Hudibras is borrowed from Don
Quixote. Butler's hero is a Presbyterian Justice of the
Peace, [Sir Samuel Luke,] who, "in the coufideuce of
legal authority, and the rage of zealous ignorance, ranges
the country to repress superstition and current abuses, ac-
companied by an Independent Clerk, [Squire Riilpho,]
disputatious and obstinate, with whom he often debates,
but never conquers him.'*
"If inexhaustible wit cotild give perpetual pleasure, no eye
would ever leave halt-read the work of Butler: for what poet has
ever brou;j;ht so many remote images so happily together? It is
saircely possible to peruse a page without finding some association
of iuia^^es that was never found before. By the first paragraph the
reader is amused, by tbe next he is delighted, and by a few more
strained to astonishment; but astonishment is a tiresome plea-
sure; he is soon weary of wondering, and longs to be diverted." —
Dr. .Tohnson : Life nf BitthT.
''Concerning Hudibras there is but one sentiment — it is uni-
versally allowed to be the first and last poem of its kind; the
learning, wit, and humour, certainly stand unrivalled: various
have been the attempts to describe and define the two last. . . .
If any one wishes Ui know what wit aud humour are. let him read
Hudibras with attention: he will there see them displayed in the
brightest colours: there is lustre resulting from the quick eluci-
BUT
dation of an object, by a just and unexpected arrangement of it
with another subject : propriety of words, and thou.Lzhls elegantly
.•idapted to the occasion: objects whiL-h possess iin afhuity or con-
gruity, or sometimes a contrast to each other, assembled with
<|uicknesK and variety; in short, every ingredient of wit or of hu-
mour, which critics have discovered on dissecting them, may be'
found in this poem." — Rev. Dr. Nash : Pteface to Iludbnis.
Sir Walter Scott describes the poetry of Butler as being
merely the comedy of that style of composition which
Donno and Cowley practised in its more serious form. See
Scott's Life of Drydeu.
" Hudibras was incomparably more popular than Pai-adise Lost;
no poem in our language rose at once to greater reputation. Nor
can this be called ephemeral, like that of most political poetry.
For at least half a century after its pulilication it was gentially
read, and perpetually quoted. The wit of Duller has still pre-
served many lines; but Hudibras now attracts comparatively few
readers. The eulogies of Johnson seem rather adaptt^d.to what
he remembered to h.ive been the fame of Duller, than to the feel-
ings of the surrounding generation; and since his time, new
sources of amusement have sprung up. and writers of a more in-
telliitible pleasantry have superseded those of the seventeenth
century. In the fiction of Hudibras there was never much to di-
vert the reader, aud there is still less left at present. Dut what
has been censured as a fault, the length of dialogue, whith puts
tbe fiction out of sight, is in fact the source of all the pleasure that
the work affords. The sense of Butler is masculine, his wit inex-
haustible, and it is supplied from evei-y source of reading and ol>-
servation. But these sources are often so unknown to the I'eader
that the wit loses its effect through the obscurity of its allusions,
and he yields to the bane of wit, a purblind, mole-like pedantry.
His versification is sometimes spirited, and his rhymes humorous;
yet he wants that ease and How which we require in light poetry."
— IIallam: Introdiict. to Lit. JJiitmy.
Mr. Hallam's critique has not itself escaped criti-
cism, but we consider the opinions above quoted as very
just. It may be true, as alleged, that to the historical
reader the events of the Pvevolution are generally well
known, but even the historian must tax his recollection in
reading Hudibras, and there can be little opportunity for
amusement when the mind is engaged in coaxing the me-
mory. Hudibras is a work to be studied once, and gleaned
occasionally. It may continue neglected, but can never
be entirely forgotten.
Butler, Samuel, 1774-1840. a native of Keuilworth,
Warwickshire, was educated at Rugby School and St. John's
College. Cambridge, where he was highly distinguished
for his classical proficiency, oldaining two of Sir AVilliam
Browne's medals for the Latin odes, and one for the Greek,
and being elected Craven schtdar in 1703, against Kcate,
Bethell, and Coleridge. He was elected a Fellow of his
College in 1797; appointed head-master of vShrewsbury
School. 1798 ; Bishop of Lichfield, 1S36. The bishop pub.
a numl)er of works, consisting of classical treatises, ser-
mons, tracts against Priestley, (pnh. 1783, '84, '86 ; 3d edit.,
1812,) and several geographical works, which have had
large circulation. A new edit, of his Atlas of A. and M.
Geography, edited by his son, was putt, in 1853, 2 vols.
His most important undertaking was his edit, of .^schylus,
for which arduous duty he w.as specially selected about the
time of his appointment to the mastership of Shrewsbury
School. This elaborate work was pub. in 4 vols. 4to; also
in 6 vols. 8vo, 1806-12. See a list of this worthy and
learned prelate's publications in the Gent. Mag., February,
1840. The Bishop's Discourse on Christian Liberty
(Shrewsbury, Svo) has been praised as
" .A.n aide sermon. This eminent scholar seems to have a clear
insight into the free constitution of Christianity. He is er|ually
the enemy of superstition and of intolerance." — Lon. MontJtly lie-
posifnr;/.
Butler, Samuel. The Australian Emigrant's Com-
plete Guide, ISmo.
'• We have not seen any single work, great or small, where so
large a body of really useful and practical information was to be
found as in this little volume." — T/m Scotsman.
"We recommend the Australian immigrant's Guide strongly for
perusal." — Dumfries Times.
Emigrant's Complete Guide to Canada.
"Whether we regard the amount of the inform.itinn. or the
manner in which it is condensed and arranged, we must say Mr.
Butler has done good service to the cause of Kmigration." — Gretn.
A<lr,ulix>-r.
Butler, Captain T. The Little Bible of the Man.
"Printed in the first year of England's Liberty, lH4i>."
In this singular little volume the progress of the CLris-
tian's Life is characterized under the several Books of the
Bible, from Genesis to Isaiah.
Butler, Thomas, Doctor of the Canon and Civil
Laws. A Treatise of the Holy Sacrifice of the Altar, called
the Masse, Lon., 1570. 16nio, from the Italian.
Butler, Thomas, M.D. A Method of procuring any
quantity of Fresh Water at Sea, Lon., 1755, 8vo.
*' Dr. 15. "s plan is to add a ijuart of strong so.ip leys to fifteen
gallons '>f salt water, which will yield twelve gallons of fresh wa-
ter, by distillation."' — Dr. Watt: BVA.Brit.
315
BUT
BUT
Butler, Weeden, 1V42-1823, a native of Margate, ' 2. Letters on the Development of Christian Doctrine : a
was curate to tlio celebrated Dr. Dodd, and his successor Reply to ,T. H. Newman. D.D., [.?. .•.. No 14.J "ditcd by
at Charlotte Chapel, Pimlico. He kept a classical school -Dean Woodward, Dubl., ISdO. 8vo ; 18o4, «vo ; 1 sob. svo.
at Chelsea for 40 years, and — to his praise be it spoken
'planned ami instituted the .SiiNnAY School of that pa-
rish." He pub. .Sermons, 1798. '99: Memoirs of Mark
Hildesley, D.D., Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, 17H9;
of the Rev. Dr. Stanhope. Dean of Canterbury ; Jortin's
Traits. 1790, 2 vols. 8vo; The Cheltenham Guide, Svo, j
and Wilcock's Roniiin Conversations, 1797, 2 vols. Svo.
Butler, Weedeu, Jr., son of the above, and also a
divine. The French Republic and the Helvetic Body;
trans, from the French, Lon., 1794, Svo. Bagatelles, 1795,
Svo. The Wrongs of Uuterwalden, trans., 1799, Svo.
Zimao, the African ; trans., Lon., 1800, Svo ; 2d edit., 1807,
12mo.
Butler, William, Preliendary of St. Paul's. Ser-
mons pull. ,cpar.-ilcly. 1704, '12, '15, '19, '22, '21!, '24, '29.
Butler, William, 1748-1S22, a native of St, John's,
near Worcester, was long a well-known teacher of writing
and geography, and pub. several school-books which have
been used for many years in the schools of EngLaud. In-
trodue. to Arithmetic, 17S5, Svo. Arithmet. Questions on
a new plan, 1795, Svo.
"In a bonk nf i-ommon Arithmetic we did not expect to find
thatvarii't^ nt itit.i m.ttion wbiL-h this work contains Asa
book of u.'iii 111 iii^i iiirtion and amusement, altogether uncon-
nected with ;iiiUiiiuli< al rules, it does honour to the compiler,
and deserves to be remembered." — Lim. Mi'iithly Feview, vol. xxii..
New Series.
Also see commendations in the Monthly Preceptor, vol.
Ti. ; European Mag., vol. i. ; Dr. Willich's Domestic En-
cyclopedia; Edgeworth's Practical Education.
Chronological, Biographical, Historical, and Miscellane-
ous Exercises on a new plan, designed for daily use, 1798,
12mo.
*' We have .seldom seen such a quantity of useful information in
BO small a compass." — British Critic, vol. xxx.
o It does great credit to the information and industry of its au-
thor."— Eclectic Kevifw, vol. vi.
See also Critical Review; Monthly Review; Literary
Panorama; Gent. Mag.
Exercises on the Globes, 1798, 12mo.
" One of the best books of the kind that have come before us."
—Britisli CVitic.
" It would be ditlicult to fix upon any book of equ.il size that
contains so uiuch iuteresfin^! matter on almost every subject." —
Auxin's Annual l-'eriew, vol. vii.
See Monthly Review; Ladies' Monthly Museum; Monthly
Visiter ; European Mag.
Arithmetical Tables, 1802. 32mo.
" Various t:ib!es, with which it is necessary that the minds of
both sexes should be made thorou^^'hly acquainted." — Monthly
Visitor.
Geographical Exorcises on the N. Testament, 1813, 1 2mo.
*' lie slathers flowers from the fields and jcardens to strew the
p.ith of learning, and encourage the progress of the student." —
Emngeliod Mig., 1.S14.
See European Mag. ; Literary Panorama.
Butler, William Allen, b. 1825, a native of Albany,
New York, and sou of Benjamin F. Butler, late Attorney-
General of the United States, graduated at the New York
University in 1S43. He travelled in Europe from July,
1846, to December, 1848, and on his return commenced
the practice of the law in the city of New York. Mr.
Butler has contributed a number of papers to the Demo-
cratic Review, and The Literary World.
" He has wit. and humour, a lively fancy, and a style natural
and flexilile abiiundiug in felicities of expression. In generjil. he
writes hastilv. and finishes a piece at a sittiu;^." — Griswold^s Poets
and Puetrt/ of America.
The poetical piece entitled The Incognita of Raphael,
possesses great beauty, and will remind the reader of one
of the most celebrated compositions of modern times.
Nothing to Wear: an Episode of City Life, N. York,
1857, ISmo : many edits, in England and America.
"The nonsense, on the whole, is good nonsense; and we have
quoted it [entirel in order that the grave reader may find some-
thing in to-day's number of the Athenxutn that he may safely
skip if he pleases." — Lnn. Atfifn., 1857, 1320.
Two Millions: a Satire, 1858, 12mo. Not without merit,
but exhibiting great carelessness in versificntion.
Butler, William Archer, 1814-1848. a native of
Anncrville, near Clonmel, Ireland. He was born and edu-
cated a Roni.an Catholic, hut became a Protestant, and
entered Trinity College. Dublin, in which institution ho
was appointed (the first) Professor of Moral Philo.sopby in
1837. 1. .Serins., with a Memoir by Rev. (Dean) Thomas
Woodward. Dubl., 18 10. Svo; 3d cd., Lon., 1855. Svo;
Phila., 1856, 12mo; 2d Series. Camb., 1S55, Svo; Phila.,
1857, Svo: see Jereuie, James Ameriaux, D.D., No. 4.
31C
3. Letters on Romanism : a Reply to Cardinal Wiseman,
edited by Dean Woodw.ard, Lon.. 1854. Svo; 1856, Svo.
4. Lccts! on the Hist, of Ancient Philosophy, edited, with
Notes, by Wm. Hepworth Thompson, Camb., 1856, 2 vols.
Svo: Phila., 1857. 2 vols. Svo.
"I have seen enough of tbem to be convinced of their great
scientific value, and am much gratified in finding so important a
eiibjpct treated with so much learning and acut.-ncss."— SlE W M.
H.\M1I.T0N. Prn/esfor nf Logic awl Mitaphi/tics. Edinburgh.
Also commended by the Lon. Examiner.
Butler, William John, Vicar of Wantage. Lec-
tures on the Prophecies, 1S38. 12mo. 25 Serms.. 1847.
Butler, Miij. -General William O., of Kentucky,
is the aiitliiir nf :i number of poetical pieces; of which The
Boat Horn is one of the most popular.
Butley, John. Sermons, 1746, '48, '54, Svo.
Butt, George. Sermons, 1775, '76, '85, '93, Svo.
Butt, Isaac. Lectures on Protection to Home Indus-
try, Oxf , Svo. The Poor Law Bill for Ireland Examined,
Lon., 1837, Svo.
"A clever, well-written pamphlet, which deserved more atten-
tion than it appears to have met with."— JfcCuttorfi's Lit. of Pdit.
Economy.
Butt, J. M. Queries on the Doctrine of the Church
of England respecting Baptism, Ac. Oxf, 1824, 12mo.
" A very useful little work, compiled by a sound and learned
divine." — Loioridfs's Brit. Lilir.
Butt, James Strode. Mathomat. Con. to Nic.
Jour.. ISOfi.
Butt, John Marten. The Revelation of St. John,
1804. Prophecy of Daniel, Lon., 1SU7, ISmo. The Last
Vision of Daniel, 1808, ISmo. The Divinity of the Apo-
calypse, 1809, 12mo.
Butt, Martha Halnei?, h. 1834. Va. Anti-Fanati-
cism ; a tiilc lit the South. Contrib. to numerous journals.
Butt, K. G. 1. Appeal to the Public. 2. Sherborne
Castle, and other Poems, 1S15, '16.
Butt, Thomas, Rector of Kinnersley, and Curate of
Trcnth;iui. Serms. preached in the Parish Church of
Trentham. Lim., 1838, Svo.
Buttan, Christopher, D.D. Sermon, ISOS.
Butter, Alex., .Surg. Con. to Ediu. Med. Ess., 1734.
Butter, Mrs. H. Vensenshon ; or, Love's Mazes,
1S06, 3 vols. ,„,» „
Butter, Henry. Kev to the Old Testament, 1817, Svo.
Butter, William, M.D., 1726-1805, studied at Edin-
burgh, practised at Derby, and afterwards at London.
Cure for the Stone, Edin., 1754, 12mo. Dissejtatio do
Frii'oro quatenus Morborum Causa, Edin., 1757, Svo.
Dissertatio Medica et Chirurgica de Arteriotamia, Edin.,
1761, Svo. Treatise on the Infantile Remittent Fever,
Lon., 1782, Svo. Other profess, treatises.
Butterfleld. Microscopes and Magnetic Sand, Phil.
Trans., 1698, Ac. .
Butterfleld, Henry, of Trinity Church. Newington.
Homilies for earnest Imiuirers, Lon., 1839, 12ino.
Butterfleld, Svvithurne. A Suramarie of the Prin-
ciples of Christian Religion, Lon., 1582, Svo. Catechisme,
1590, Svo. .„, ,„
Butterman,W. Arithmetical Works, 1805, '06, 12mo.
Butterworth. Works on Writing and Arithmetic.
Butterworth, John. A New Concordance and Diet,
of the Holy Scriptures, 1767, '83: and 3d edit., by Dr.
Adam Clarke, with alterations, 1816, Svo.
"This is in a great measure a judicious and valuable abridg-
ment nf Mr Cruden's Concordance. Singular pains were bestowed
by its compiler, in order to insure correctness, by collating every
word and reference in the proof sheets with the several texts of
the liible."— r. H. Home's Jntrnduc.
Butterworth, liaAVrence. Superexcellency of the
Christian Religion Displ.ayed, Ac, 1784, Svo. Thoughts
on Moral Government and Agency, 1792, Svo. In those
treatises the views of Mr. Lindsoy and Dr. Priestley are
criticized.
Buttes, Henry, Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford.
Dyet's Dry Dinner: consisting of eight scueral Courses.
1. Fruitcs. 2. Hearbes. 3. Flesh. 4. Fish. 5. Whit-
meats. 6. Spice. 7. Sauce. 8. Tobacco. All serucd in
after the order of Time Vniuersall, Lon., 1599, 16mo.
See a portrait of the author of this curious work in
H.arding's Biographical Mirror.
Button, Edward. Trans, of the Persian Tables, 1764.
Button, John. Poems, 1804, 4to, and a vol., 1809,12mo.
Button, William, a Baptist minister. Reni.arks on
" The Gospel of Christ worthy, Ac," 1785, 12mo. A Dic-
tionary of the Bible, 1796.
BUT
BYG
"Button's Diet, of the BiVile. compared ■with Brown's, is Bot un-
like Butterworth's Concordance compared with Crudeii's: com-
prising much useful mattfr in a small space." — Dr. E. Williams.
'• By means of a very small, but clear, type, a vast quantity of
matter is comprised within the compass of this little volume. The
book, without doubt, may be serviceable to many." — British Critic^
O. S., X. liUl.
Buttonshaw, Thomas. A Defense of Bishop
Iloadly's Plain Account of the Nature and End of the
Lord's Supper, Lon., 1747, 8vo.
Butts, Robert, Bishop of Norwich, 1732, '33, trans,
to Ely, 1738. Sermon on the Accession, 1712, 4to; ditto
before the House of Lords, 1737, 4to. Charge to his
Clergy, 1740, 4to.
Buxton, Charles. Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell
Buxton, Bart., with selections from his correspondence, by
his son ; 3d edit., Lon., 1851, Svo.
*' Ihe editor has been contented to rely as far as possible on the
correspondeuce and diaries in his possession, and the anecdotes
furnished by a few elder friends: but both classes of material well
deserved in this case the advantajre of a neat setting, and have re-
ceived it. . . . It is highly creditable for bis son to have produced
thus early a biography generally clear, yet seldom profuse — and
though shewiiig entire sympathy with the cours^e portrayed,
hardly ever using language that will offend any candid reader."' —
Lon. QvarUn-l;/ h'evi^w. June, 1848.
"One of the most thoroughly well-written pieces nf bingraphy
that have issui^d from the modern press." — Erauf/elical M-ig.
"The memoirs will teach the world to do full justice to the cha-
racter of a true English gentleman." — Lon. Daily News.
Vide post.
Buxton, Isaac, M.B. Regulated Tcmnerature for
Invalids' Chambers, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Buxton, Jarvis Baring, late Rector of St. John's
Church. Fayetteville. N. Carolina. Parish Serms., N.Y., 8vo.
'■The style of these discourses is ner^-ous and unambitious:
they are niarkeil by sincerity and piety, and a fnil persuasion that
the preacher is delivering to his hearers the true meaning of the
Sacred Scriptures. It is an excelleut volume for the instruction
of the laity, and should find its place in every parish library. The
younger clergy may with profit master the sound doctrine here
contained, and Ktiuly to catch the glow of spirit and the devotion
to the church which are exhibited on every page." — Kew I'oi'k
Chwckmtm.
Buxton, Richard. Guide to Flowering Plants near
Maiu-be^tcr. Lnn., is('.f, 12mo.
Buxton, Sir Thomas FoAvell, 1786-1845, one of
the noblest examples of philanthropic zeal of modern
times, wns a native of Earl's Colne, Essex ; M.P. for
AVeymouth, 1818-1837; created a baronet. 1840. In con-
junction with his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry. and his
brother-in-law. Mr. Hoare, he personally laboured in the
important cause of Prison Discipline, As the successor
of William Wilberforce, in his praiseworthy efTorts to
abolish the Slave Trade, Mr. Buxton's persevering and
successful labours are well known. He pub. an Inquiry
whether Crime and Misery are Produced or Prevented by
our Present System of Prison Discipline, Lon., 1S18, Svo;
4th edit., Edin., 1818, 8vo; and a treatise on the African
Slave-Trade, 8vo ; several edits.
"In 1S40 he was created a baronet, — a dignity to which his
public character and large private fortune well entitled him, but
which he accepted rather as an acknowledgment of merit rendered
valuable by the slanderous attacks which had been made upon
hiiu than as an object of personal ambition. No man was more
exempt from vanity than Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton : his manners
were too plain and bis mind was too elevated for such a puerility.
Buxton's great merit as a public man consisted in his industry, his
energy, and his straightforward honesty of purpose. He never
aftected display, for he had the good taste to despise it; yet he was
always favourably beard, not only because he was the acknow-
ledged bead of the religious party, but because his statements
were stamped with authority: they were known and felt to be
true, and they were put forward with a manner and perspicuity
which essentially belong to truth. It was his principle to address
himself to the understanding and not to the passions of his au-
dience; and he rarely failed eventually in producing conviction.
lie was eminently a religious man; and those who knew iiim
privately can testify to the earnestness and humble faith with
which he always submitted the event of his important labours
with pious resignation to the will of God. He was a faithful and
affectionate member of the Church of England: but he was not
the man to regard sectarian differences as of importance where he
found hand and heart united in zealous effort for the good of man-
kind. Although he had selected for himself a peculiar path of
charity, he was liberal in his support of all benevolent institu-
tions, and particularly of the Bible and Missionary Societies and
such as had for their olyects the education and improvement
of the poor." — Obituary notice in Lon. Gent. Mug., May, 1846,
51=)-646.
We need .such examples of noble disinterestedness as
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton to cheer our hopes of humanity,
by proving to us that the world is not "wholly given to
[self] idolatry."
Buxton, William. Ship-Owner's Manual of Mercan-
tile Marine, Lon., 1862, 12mo.
Buy, William, Narrative of the Second Siege of
Zaragossa; from the Ppanish, Lon., 1S09, Svo.
Buyers, William, missionary at Benares. Recol-
lections of Northern India, 1840, Svo. Letters in India,
with Special Reference to the Spread of Christianity,
1848, 12mo.
" Such a practical manual was much needed as a guide to mis-
sionaries, and as a means of instruction to the triends of missions
Id general." — Lon. Evangelical Mag.
Byam, Francis. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1755: Im-
pression on a Stone; Quantity of Rain in Antigua.
Byam, Henry, D.D.. 1580-10f;u, a native of Somer-
setshire, was entered of Exeter College, Oxford, 1097;
elected a student of Christ Church, 1699; Prebendary of
Exeter, lOol. He was distinguished for his loyalty, and
four of his live sons were captains in the royal army. His
wife and daughter were drowned in flying trom the rebels.
During the Rebellion be was deprived of his dignities, but
alter the Pie&turatiou was made Canon of Exeter, and Pre-
bendary of Wells. He was the lather of the governor
alluded to in Southern's play of Oroonoko, whom Mrs.
Behn satirizes. A Sermon. Lon., 1628, 8vo. Thirteen
Sermons; most of them preached before Charles 11. in his
e.xile; with a life of the author, by Mr. Ward, Lon.,
1676, Svo.
*• For sanctity of life, for learning, charity, and loyalty, scarce
to be equalld by any in the age he lived." — Alhc.n. Oxfin.
Bycrley, John Scott, Novels, dramatic, poetical,
and political pieces, 1803-14. The Prince: trans, from
the Italian of IMachiavelli ; to which is prefi.xed an Intro-
duction, showing the clof^e analogy between the Principles
of Machiuvelli, and the Actions of Bonaparte, 1810, Svo.
"■To translate 'The Prince' of Machiavelli is to wiite the life of
Bonaparte, and the Secret History of the Court of St. Cloud." —
Tide Introduction.
Byfield, Adoniram, a zealous "Commonwealth-
man," satirized in Hudibras. The Grand Debate between
Presbytery and Independency; with other tracts, Lon.,
1652. 4to.
Byfield, Nathaniel, 1653-1733, Member of the
Council of Mas.sachusetts. Account of the Picvolution in
New England; together with the Declaration of the Gentle-
men, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston, 4tc., 1689, 4to.
Byfield, Nicholas, b. about 1579. d. 1652, a native
of Warwickshire, was an eminent Puritan divine. He be-
came a servitor of Exeter College in 1579, was invited to
be pastor of St. Peter's Church, Chester, and subsequently,
in 1615, Vicar of I.-^lewortb. Expo.'^ition of the Epistle to
the Colossians, Lon., 1615, fol. This contains "the sub-
stance of neare seven years' wccke-dayes."
"It is full of good sense and spiritual sa^ our. and abounds with
pertinent citations of Scripture, without any pretensions to ora-
torical dress." — Bb. E. ^Vii.liams.
"It has much spiritual instruction." — Bickersteth.
Serm. on the 1st chap, of 1st Peter, 1617, 4to. Essay
concerning the Assurance of God's Love and Man's Sal-
vation. 1614, Svo. The Marrow of the Oracles of God, A;c.,
1622, 12mo. Sermon on the 1st Epistle General of Peter,
1623, 4to. Exposition of the Apostles' Creed. 1626. 4to.
A Commentary on the first Chapters of 1st Peter, 1637, fob
*' An excellent Puritan exposition." — Bickersteth.
Other treatises.
" He was a strict observer of the Lord's Day, and preached and
wrote for the sincere observance of it." — AUu-n. Or<m.
" lie was a man of a profound judgment, strong memory, sharp
wit, quick invention, and unwearied industry. . , . He had a sin-
gular gift in diving into the depths of those points ^\hich he un-
dertook to handle." — Gocge.
Byfield, Richard, d. 1664, half-brother to the above,
a Puritan divine, obtained the living of Long-Dittou dur-
ing the Commonwealth : ejected at the Restoration. The
Light of Faith, and Way of Holiness, Lon., 1630, Svo.
Doctrine of the Sabbath Vindicated, lG32,4to, The Power
of the Christ of God, 1641, 4to. Sermons, and other treatises.
Wood, no favourer of Puritans, calls Byfield ironically
"A leading man for carrying on the blessed cause, a reformer
of his church of superstition (as he called it) by plucking up the
steps leading to the altar, and levelling it lower than the rest of
the chancel, by denying his parishioners (particularly his patron
that gave him L. Ditton) the sacrament, unless they would take
it any way except kneeling. Hewas one of the assemb. of divines,
a great covenanter, an eager preacher against bishops, ceremonies,
ic." — Athen. Oron.
Byfield, T. Medical treatises, Lon., 1 634, '85, '87, '95.
Byfield, T. A Closet Piece: The E.xperimental
Knowledge of the Ever-Blessed Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, according to Revelation in the Holy Scriptures,
Lon., 1721, Svo.
Bygod, Francis. His Epistle to his Treatise con-
cerning Impropriations of Benefices. See at the end of
I H. Spelman's work on Tithes.
317
BYL
-. Bylanil, William. The McchaDic's Guide, 1797. 8vo.
liyles, Sir John B. A Practical Treatise on tlie Law
of Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Banls Notes,
Baulcers' Cash Notes, and Checks, Ac, Lon., 1829, 12mo;
7th ed., 1S57 ; 4th Amcr. from the 7th Lon, ed., by Hon.
George Sharswood, Phila., 1S56, Svo.
"An able and carefully-written tre.itise. but too concise for the
purpose of general reference." — Myiraiit*^ LigiJ BiltL
Marvin's remark refers to the English edit, of 184.3.
Moreover, a work of this kind must necessarily be " con-
cise," in order to answer the purpose designed. We quote
some notices of the last American edition :
" I have b.id occasion to look into Byles on Bills and Promissory
Notes, with some care, and to examine the Notes of Jud'^e Shars-
wood. The English work is undoubtedly an excellent one ; and
is particularly convenient for reference, from its arrangement and
condensation. And the notes of American decisions, by Judge
Sharswood. displav much research and correct judgment on his
part, and add greatlv to the value of this edition."— R. B. Tanet.
ChiffJiislkeoftht Supreme Churl of the United States.
" The law of bills of exchange and promissory notes, every-
where in this trafficking and commercial country, claims much of
each practising lawyer's time and learning; and we have hereto-
fore had some excellent treatises from men abundantly able, and
wond.-rfull v patient and industrious— as Bayley, Chitty, and Story
—but nn tn-atise has commanded so immediate and so continued
rcL'ird fn.iii tlie bar as Serjeant Byles's. The learned American
edilnr has judged well in annotating a treatise less cumbrous than
Cbiltv. more neat and exact than Story, and more modern than
Bavl.-y. and perhaps quite as meritorious. The editorial depart-
mwit leaves little to be desired. The cases have been selected, and
arranged, and digested, with a view of aiding and illustrating the
principles stated in the text: the work is neither encumbered with
copious cases, cheaplv borrowed from the digests, nor is it swollen
by an amplified discussion of the grounds of the cases familiar to
ail the practitioners, and to be found in the horn-books of the law.
— Americun Law Jferjister, December, 1S53.
This edition has been introduced as a text-book into the
law school of Harvard Cidl.and the I'niversityof Virginia.
It is a fact worthy to be recorded, that Sir John B. Byles,
in the 7th edition of his valuable work, has incol'porated
the Notes of Judge Sharswood, Sophisms of Free Trade
and Political Economy Examined; 8th ed., 1851, 12mo.
Observations on the Usury Laws, Lon,, 1845, Svo, The
author advocates the French svstem,
Bylps, Mather, D.D.. 170(5-1788, a native of Boston,
New England, and minister there, was a man of consider-
able note in his day. Pope presented him with the Odys-
sey, and Dr. "Watts transmitted his works to him as they
were pub. Dr. Byles himself had some pretensions to the
character of poet. He puh. A Poem on the Death of
George I., Ac, 1727. A poet. Epistle to Gov. Belcher on
the Death of his Lady. 1736. Miscellaneous Poems, 1744.
Occasional Sermons, puh. separately, 1729-71.
" He possessed an uncommon talent in making poems ; his ima-
gination w.as fertile, and his satire keen ; his poetry evinces a rich
fancv. and the ver.sification is polished."
Bync, Marqiii.s. The ScornfuU Quakers Answered,
and their Railing Confuted ; with a Reply to Lawson's
Answer to XXXVIII. CJuestions, Lon., 1656. 4to.
Byns, Sir George, afterwards Lord Viscount
Torrinaton, 1663-1733. E.xpcdition to Sicily in the
years 1718, '19, '20, L»n., 1739, Svo.
Byn?, Honourable John, Admiral of the Blue, 4th
son of the above, 1794-1757. a victim to political persecu-
tion, and martyr to the " 12th Article of War." His De-
fence as presented bv him. and read in the Court. 1756,
Svo. His Trial, 1756, fol. His Trial, Defence, and an
Appendi.x, 1756, Svo.
Bynner, Henry. The Trial of John Binns for Se-
dition, at the Assize for the County of W.arwick, August
12. 1797, 1797, Svo.
Bynns, Richard, Prebendary of Lichfield. Ser-
mons, 1791, '19, '39.
Byou, John. An Account of the SulTcrings of the
French Protestants in the G.alleys, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Byrch, William. Death of Q. Caroline; Sermon,
1737. Svo.
Byrche, William, D.D., Chaplain to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, and Chancellor of Worcester. Consecra-
tion of Bishop Chandler; serm. 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1717, Svo.
Byrchenska, Rich. Discourse upon the Defeat of
the Rebels Tyrone and OdoncU. 1692, 4to. In verse.
Byrd.Josias. Serm. Canticles, ii. 19. Oxon.. 1613. 4to.
Byrd, Samuel. Dialogue betweene Paule and De-
mas. 1589.
Byrd, or Bird, William, 1543-1623, a very eminent
composer of sacred music, organist of Lincoln Cathedral,
1563; a gentlem.an of the Chapel Royal, 1569; subse-
quently organist to Queen Elizabeth. Some of his pieces
are recorded in Lowndes's Bibl. Miinual, and .1 fuller ac-
count will be found in Burney's Hist, of Music, The cele-
313
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brated canon, A'on nnhfs TJomi'iic, has been ascribed to him,
althoif'h some claim it for Palustrina.
■ Byrd, William. Con. to Phih Trans. 1697. Account
of a dappled Negro Boy.
Byrdall, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1668.
Byrde, John, d. 1556, a native of Coventry, educated
at Oxf., Bishop of Bangor, 1539 ; of Chester, 1541. Queen
Mary deprived him of his bishopric on account of his be-
ing married. He became suffragan to Bishop Bonner, and
Vicar of Duninow, Essex. He was a zealous opponent of
the doctrine of the Pope's supremacy, but Strype says that
he endeavoured to dissuade the martyr Bilney from be-
coming a Protestant. He was the author of Lectures on
the Epistles of St. Paul; De Fide Justificante, lib, i.
Learned Homilies ; an Epicede in prose. ^
"He was a person King Henry VIII. made use of: for m the
vear 1536. he, with Bishop Fox. the almoner, and Bedel, a clerk
of the council, were sent to Queen Catheiine. divorced from the
king, to forbear the name of queen, which nevertheless she would
not do." See Athen. Oxon.
Byres, James. Of the Extraordinary Heats at Rome
in 176S, Phil. Trans., 1768.
Byres, James. Hypog,Ti; or Sepulchral Caverns
of Tarqninia, the Capital of Ancient Etruria, 41 engrav-
ings, with descriptions, edited by Frank Howard; 5 parts,
imp. fob, Lon., 1842.
"The above is a very interesting and well-executed work, repre-
senting on a large scale the Sepulchral Temples of Etruna. with
the curious ancient paintings and sculpture preserved therein.
The author, James Byres, Esq., of Tonley. Aberdeenshire, was
nearly forty years antiquarian president at Rome."'
Byrne, M., Surgeon in the U, S. Army. An Essay
to prove the contagious Character of Malignant Cholera,
with brief Instructions for its Prevention and Cure, Svo,
2d edit., Phil., 1855. ,.,... ^„ ., ,
"The iiiethod, style, doctrine, and practical wisdom. entitle It to
the carefal perusal of everv practitioner in the country."— Da. J.
K. Mitchell, Prufessor of the Practice of Medicine in Jefferson Med.
Coll., PIdl.
Byrom, John, 1691-1763, a native of Kersall, near
M.anchester, England, was admitted a pensioner of Trinity
College, Cambridge, at the age of 16 ; took his degree of
B. A.? 1711. His p.i.storal of Colin and Phoebe, pub. in
the Spectator, No. 603, excited great and deserved admira-
tion. It is asserted that Phoebe was intended for Joanna,
the daughter of the great Bentley, master of Trinity Col-
lei-e, 'This young lady married Bishop Cumberland, and
was the mother of the celebrated William Cumberland.
Byrom had before contributed to The Spectator two excel-
lent papers on Dreaming, under the name of John Shadow :
see Nos. 586 and 593. Byrom was chosen Fellow of his
college, and soon after took his degree of Master of Arts.
Not designing to take holy orders, he vacated his fellow-
ship, and travelled for some time in France. Returning
home, he married his cousin, which displeasing his father
and uncle, the young couple were thrown upon their own
resources for li livelihood. Byrom now gave lessons in
stenography, and pub. two treatises upon the subject, 1767,
and Phil. Trans., 1748. (See the Encyclopa;dias of Rees
and Nicholson for an account of Byrom's system.) By the
death of a brother he came into possession of the family
estate, and spent the rest of his days in the enjoyment of
competence. An Epistle to a Gentleman of the Temple,
1749. Enthusiasm; a Poem, 1751. The Contest, [between
Blank Verse and Rhyme.] 1755, Svo, Universal Short
Hand, 1767 ; and Phil. Trans., 1748. Miscellaneous Poems,
1773. 2 vols. Svo.
" He always found it easier to express his thoughts in verse than
In prose. . .'. \Mth such an attachment to rhyme, he wrote with
ease : it is more to his credit that he wrote in general with correct-
ness, and that his mind was stored with varied imagery and original
turns of thouu-ht. which he conveys in flowing measure, always
delicate, and often harmonious. In his Dialogue on Contentment,
and his Poem On the Fall of Man. in answer to Bishop Sherlock,
he strongly reminds us of Pope in the celebr.ated Essay, although
in the occasional adoption of quaint conceits he appears to have
followed the example of tbe earlier poets. Of his long pieces, peiv
haps the best is Enthusiasm, which is distinguished by superior
information, and a glow of vigorous fancy suited to the subject."
If tbe reader bo unacquainted with Colin and Phcebe,
and wish to realize what the Eastern monarch sighed for
in vain — " a new pleasure" — let him or her immediately
refer tothe Spectali>r. No. 693. and read this sweet pastoral.
Byrom's poems will be fcnind in Johnscm and Chalmers's
English Poets. 1821, 21 vrd.s. r. Svo, and his life in Biog,
Brit., and Chalmers's Biog, Diet.
Byrom, John. Assize serm.. Rom. xiii. 1, 1681. 4to.
Byron, Sliss. The English Woman; a Novel. 189,5,
5 vols. Hours of Affluence, and Days of .Indigence. 1899,
2 vols. The Modern Villa, and the Ancient Castle. 1819,
3vols.l2mo. TheEnglishman.18ll.6vols.12mo. Bache-
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lor's Journal, inscribed (without permission) to the Girls
of England, ISU, 2 vols. 12mo.
" An in^'eiiious history of feelings and observations, displaying
some kuowlea-^eofhuuian nature, and written in a creditable style,
yet having so little either of plot or story, that most readers will
■wish the bachelor to have abridged his journal."— jUn. Monthly
Sevieiv. 1815.
Byron, Mrs. Anti-I>elphine; a Novel, 1806, 2 vols.
12mo. Drelincourt and Rodalvi ; or Memoirs of two Noble
Families. 1SU7, S vols. 12mo.
"The title-page of this work seemed to threaten us with a tale
of horror, and the preface added to our fuars. We were happy,
however, to find the author speedily indulging in a sportive rather
than a terrific humour; and to meet also some just reflections
arising naturally from the scenes portrayed by the fancy of the
writer." — Lon. Monthly Rpview. 1810.
The Borderers, 1812. 3 vols. 12010.
Byroi), George Anson, Lord, successor to the suc-
ceeding, and seventh Lurd Byron. A Narrative of the
Voyage of his Majesty's Ship Blonde to the Sandwich Is-
lands, in 1824, '25, 4to, with platos.
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, January 22, 178S-
Aprii 19, IS24. was the only child of Copfain John Byron
of the Ouards, and Miss Catherine Gordon of Gight, in
Aberdeenshire. The celebrated Admiral Byron was grand-
father to tho subject Oi* our memoir.
"It has been said of Lord Byron that he was proiider of being a
descendant of those Ryrons who accompanied William the Con-
queror into England, than of having been the author of Childe
Harold and Manfred."
The name of Ralph de Burun occurs in Doomsd.ay-book
among the principal tenants of Nottinghamshire; and his
descendants, the Lords of Horestan Castle, held large pos-
sessions in Derbyshire and Lancashire. The name of
Byron acquired fresh distinction at the siege of Calais un-
der Edward III., and in the fields of Cressy. Bosworth, and
Marston Moor. In the reign of Henry VIIL, on the dis-
solution of the monasteries, the church and priory of New-
stead, with the lands adjoining, were by royal grant con-
ferred upon "8ir John Byron the Little, with the great
beard.'' At tbe coronation of James I. his grandson was
made a Knight of the Bath, and in the year 1643, [temp.
Charles I..) Sir John Byron, "great-grandson of hira who
succeeded to the rich domains of Newstead," was created
Baron Byron of' Rochdale, in the county of Lancaster.
This honour was well deserved, for
"Sir John Biron. afterward Lord Biron, and all his brothers,
bred up in arms and valiant men in their own persons, were all
passionately the king's," — 0>h Hidchinson^s Mfnifnrs.
Cul. Hutchinson was cousin-german to Sir Richard Bi-
ron, and when the latter advised him to surrender his cas-
tle, ho returned an answer that
'■Except he found his own heart prone to such treachery, he
might consider there was. if nothing else, so much of a Biron's
blood in him. that he should very much scorn to betray or quit a
trust he had undertaken."
At the battle of Edgehill there were no less than seven
brothers of the Byron family on the field. William, third
Lord Byron, succeeded his father. Richard, second Lord
Byron, in 1679. About 1750 the shipwreck and sufferings
of the Hon. John (afterw.ards Admiral) Byron, second son
of William, fourth Lord Byron, excited the public attention
and sympathy. In 1765 the name was brought less credit-
ably into notice, by the trial before the House of Peers,
of the fifth Lord Byron, for killing in a duel, or rather,
hasty quarrel, his relative, Mr. Chaworth. His lordship
was indicted for murder, and only saved from the penalty
attendant on manslaughter by pleading his peerage. He
passed the rest of his life in seclusion at Newstead Abbey,
dying in 1798, when the title and estates of the family were
inherited by the subject of our memoir. The admiral's
only son, John, became a captain of the Guard. He was
conspicuous as one of the handsomest and most dissipated
men of his time, and known familiarly as ** Mad Jack By-
ron." In his 27th year he was the cause of a divorce be-
tween the Marquis and Marchioness of Carmarthen, and
married the lady himself. She survived their union but
two years. Their only child was a daughter, Augusta By-
ron, afterwards the wife of Colonel licigh. In the year
following the death of his first wife. Captain Byron mar-
ried Miss Catherine Gordon, only chilil and heiress of
George Gordon, Esq., of Gight. in Aberdeenshire. The
marriage was one of "convenience" on the part of the
groom, and he soon found it convenient to sacrifice her
estate to the importunities of his creditors : within two
years Miss Gordon's very large property, {the estate alone
being sold for £17.850,) with the exception of a trifle, was
thus swallowed up. Mrs. Byron's acerbity of disposition
has become world renowned, but we think that her bridal
experience shoidd not be omitted when her character is to
be weighed. Even a very amiable heiress may be pardoned
for a little discomposure of temper, when she finds that she
has fnllen a prey to a protligate fortune-hunter, who re-
duces her in a few years from a splendid establishment to
£150 per annum ! With such an unpromising honeymoon,
we need not wonder that the union proved to be such only
in name, and in a short time even the name was sacrificed
to embittered passions, and *' Mad Jack Byron" returned
to his bachelor life, only visiting the wretched woman
whom he almost beggared, for the purpose of extorting
more money from her scanty purse. At his last visit ha
did not leave Aberdeen until he had succeeded in wringing
from her a sufiicient sum to defray his expenses to Valen-
ciennes, where in the year following, (17SI3,) to the relief
of his wife in particular, and human niiture in general, ho
terminated his most unprofitable existence. Ilis wiib>w
was violently affected at the news of his death, tor she
never lost her affection for him ; .and when the young By-
ron's nurse would meet the Captain in her walks, the de-
serted and injured, but still loving, wife, would '■ inquire
with the tenderest anxiety as ti> his health and looks."
How common is it to blame this unfi>rtunate woman as the
cause of the mental, if not the moral, obliquities of the
future poet; but is it not eh.aritable to suppose that such a
melancholy reverse of fortune, eflected too b^' such means, —
so bitter a disappointment in tho object of her affections,
who, too, was "unmanly enough to taunt her with the in-
C(}nveniences of that penury which his own extravagance
had occasioned," — isit not charitable to suppose that health
of mind may have been impaired, where the heart had suf-
fered so much ?
We will make one concession to the modern apologists
for Lord Byron's character : bad as he was, he certainly
was a better man than his father.
In 1 798 the fifth Lord Byron, his great-uncle, died with-
out issue, and George, then ten years of age, succeeded to
tho title and estates of his family. He was now pliieed
under the care of the Earl of Carli.sle, who had m.arried
the sister of the late Lord Byron. The young nobleman
was placed at Harrow Schnul, where he was more distin-
guished for his love of manly sports than for any devotion
to study. When 16 years of age he was one of a party
assembled at the Hall of Annesley, the residence of the
Chaworth family. Miss Chaworth was then eighteen, and
a young lady of rare loveliness. Young Byron saw and
loved. The aflections of the Lady were, however, already
engaged, and had it been otherwise, the youthful lover
seems to have had but a doubtful prospect of success. By-
ron's admiration had been sufliciently obvious to its object,
and, it would appear, to others ; for he was doomed to tho
mortification of hearing her remark — or being informed
of the speech by some gttod-natured friend — "Do you think
I could care any thing for that lame boy?" This sarcasm
"was like a shot through his heart. Tliough late at night when
he heard it. he instantly darted out of the house, and, scarcely
knowing whither he ran. never stopped till he found himself at
Newstead." — Moore's Life of Bijron.
It is a curious fact that neither Lord Byron nor his bio-
grapher, Mr. Moore, seems to have been aware that Wil-
liam, third Lord Byron, who (more successful than his
kinsman) married, some time before 1679, Elizabeth,
daughter of John, Lord Chaworth, was also a poet. See
Thomas Shipman's Carolina, or Loyal Poems. 1683, 8vo.
When between sixteen and seventeen, Byron was entered
of Trinity College, Cambridge, and here he wasted the
hours, which properly employed would have secured to
him a solid foundation of learning, in reckless profligacy.
He quitted college at nineteen, and took up his residence
at the family-seat of Newstead Abbey, .and here he pro-
pared for publication a number of his early productions,
under the title of Hours of Idleness; A Series of Poems,
Original and Translated. By George Gordon, Lord Byron,
a Minor, 8vo, pp. 200, Newark, 1807. There was very
little in this collection to attract more than passing notice,
and notwithstanding some striking stanzas, it would, if
the autlicu- had written nothing else, have hardly survived
its year; but the Edinburgh Review thought a young lord
too'good a mark to be despised, and they forthwith served
him up for the entertainment of a public who had learned
to relish their highly-spiced dishes.
*' The poesy of this voung lord belongs to the class which neither
gods nor men are said" to permit. Indeed we do not recollect to have
seen a quantity of verse with so few deviations fiom that exact stand-
ard. His efTusions are spread over a dead Hat. and can no more get
above or below the level, than if they were so much stagnant water.
As an fxtenuatinn of this offence, the noble author is peculiarly for-
ward iu pleading minority. . . He possibly means to say, ' See how a
minor can write! This poem was actually composed by a young man
of eighteen, and this by one of only sixteen !' But. alas, we all re-
member the poetry of Cowley at ten, and Pope at twelve ; and so far
from hearing, with any degree of surprise, that very poor verse?
BYR
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■were written by a youth from his leaving school to his leaving
college. incli>sive, we really Ijelieve this to be the most common of
all occurrences; that it happens in the life of nine men in ten who
are educated in Enj:land; and that the tenth man writes better
Terse thau Lord Byron. . . . We counsel him that he do forthwith
abandon poetry, and turn his talents, whith are considerable, and
his opportunities, which are great, to better account. . . . ]f then,
the following beginning of a ' Sang of bards' is by his lordship, we
venture to object to it, as far as we can comprehend it. 'What
form rises on the roar of clouds, whos« dark ghost gleams on the
red stream of tempests? His voice rolls on the thunder; 'tisOrla.
the brown chief of Oithona. He was,' &c. After detaining this
* brown chief some time, the bards conclude by giving hiui their
advice to ' raise his fair locks:' then to • spread them on the arch
of the rainbow;' and ■ to smile through the tears of the storm.'
Of this kind of thing there are no less than nine pages; and we
can so far venture an opinion in their favour, that they look very
like Macpherson ; and we are positive they are pretty nearly as
stupid and tiresome. . . . As our author has dedicated so large a
part of his volume to immortalize his employments at sthuol and
college, we cannot possibly dismiss it without presenting the reader
with a specimen of these ingenious effusions. In an ode with a
Greek motto, called Granta, we have the following magnificent
stanzas:
'There in apartments small and damp,
The candidate for rnll.L't- piizfs
Sits poring by the midriiLrlit ianip,
Goes late to bed, yet early rises.
Who reads false quantities in Sele,
Or puzzles o'er the deep triangle;
Depriv'd of many a whnlesome meal,
In barbarous Latin doom'd to wrangle.
Renouncing every pleasing page,
From authors of historic use;
Preferring to the lettered sage
The sijuare of the hypotenuse.
Still harmless are these occupations.
That hurt none but the hapless student,
Compared with other recreations,
Which bring together the imprudent.'
p. 123. 124, 125.
" We are sorry to hear so bad an account of the college psalmody
as is contained in the foUowiug Attic stanzas:
' Our choir would scarcely be excus'd
Even as a band of raw beginners;
All mercy now must be refus'd
To such a set of croaking sinners.
If David, when his toils were ended,
Had heard these blockheads sing before him,
To us his psalms had ne'er descended:
In furious mood he would have tore 'em.'
p. 126,127.
"But whatever judgment may be passed on the poems of this
noble minor, it seems we must take them as we lind them, and be
content; for they are the last we shall ever have from him, . . .
'It is highly improbable, from his situation and pursuits here-
after,' that he should again condescend to become an author.
Therefore, let us take what we get, and be thankful. AVhat right
have we poor devils to be nice? We are well off to have got so
much from a man of this lord's station, who does not live in a
garret, but ' has the sway' of Newstead Abbey. Again, we say. let
us be thankful ; and, with honest Sancho, liid God bless the giver,
nor look the gift-horse in the mouth." — Edhi. Rev., xi. 2S0.
Doubtless the Reviewer, havlDg thus despatched and
quietly iuurned his unbappj victim, presumed that the
world had heard the last of the author of the Hours of
Idleness, in the capacity of poet. The Edinburgh had so
long had its own way in the wholesale decapitation of au-
thors, that the poor fellows had " become used to it." and
hardly ventured a respectful remonstrance. The critic was
mistaken in his man, however. Byron had no idea of tame
submission. He afifected indifference, indeed:
"You have seen the Edinburgh Review, of course. I regret
Mrs. Byron is so much annoyed. For my own part, these 'paper
bullets of the brain' have only taught me to sta,nd fire; and as I
have been lucky enough upon the whole, mv repfise and appetite
are not discomposed."— Z,'.'«.'r^j Mr. Bedirr. March 28. ISOS.
But his countenance was a more faithful index of what
was passing within :
" A friend, who found him in the first moments of exritement
after reading the article, inquired anxiously, whether he had just
received a challenge? not knowing how else to account for the fierce
defiance of his looks.''
He afterwards acknowledged that he essayed to drown
his mortification in three bottles of claret after dinner, on
the day he perused this terrible critique. Nothing, he
said, relieved him
•'Till he had given vent to his indignation in rhyme, and 'after
the first twenty lines he felt himself considerably better.'"
It is an evidence of Mrs. Byron's affection for her son,
that, she seems to have taken this matter as much to heart
as did the young author.
In March. 1S09, appeared his response to the Edinburgh
critics, for such it was in fact, under the title of English
Bards and Scotch Reviewers. That this pungent satire
pbould have obtained immediate celebrity is no marvel.
Men have a natural taste for belligerent demon.strations,
and twenty will stop to see a combat, where one will pause
320 ^
to see two friends shake hands. A fresh edition was
called for within a few weeks. The authors, long a suffer-
ing tribe, rejoiced in their new chanipion, delighted that
the reviewers had found a "foeman worthy uf their steel,"
whilst the public generally, who had before laughed at the
victims, were now equally well pleased to laugh at the exe-
cutioners in the day of their discomfiture. The injustice
of many of the attacks in this famed satire was afterwards
acknowledged by the author himscdf. He calls it "a fero-
cious rhapsody," and "a miserable record of misplaced
anger and indiscriminate acrimony." Jefirey was attacked
with the greatest severity; but the author was mistaken
in ascribing the critique which displeased him to this quar-
ter. Lord Brougham being really answerable for it. After
passing through four editions, his lordship suppressed his
satire. In li>Oy he concluded to travel on the continent,
and left home accompanied by his friend and fellow-colle-
gian, John Cam Hobhouse, who is still living, (1855.) Lord
Byron has given us a better idea of his peregrinations in
Greece, Turkey, Ac, in the pages of Childe Harold's Pil-
grimage, than any other pen can furnish. He returned
home in June, ISU, having been absent for two years.
Shortly after his reaching England, his mother was at-
tacked by sickness, which proved fatal before he arrived
at Newstead. In 1812 appeared the first two cantos
of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: they were eminently suc-
cessful :
"The effect was electric: his fame had not to wait for any of the
ordinaiy gradations, but seemed to spring up, like the palace of a
fairy tale, in a night. As he himself briefly described it in his
Memoranda, -I awoke one morning and found myself famous.'
The first edition of his work was disposed of instantly; and as the
echoes of its reputation multiplied on all sides. -Childe Harold,*
and "Lord Byron' became the theme of every tongue.'' — Moore's
Liff- of Byrfm.
The copyright money paid by Mr. Murray, £600, his
lordship presented to Mr. Dallas, saying that he never
wouM receive money for his writings, (see Dallas's Recol-
lections.) " a resolution," remarks Mr. Moore, perhaps with
some allowable esprit du corps, '* he afterward wisely aban-
doned."
Mr. Murray paid at different times, for copyrights of his
lordship's poems, certainly over £15,000. A few days be-
fore the publication of Childe Harold, he made his first
speeeli in the Hout;e of Lords, when he opposed the second
reading of the Framework Bill. His second speech was
in favour of Catholic Emancipation, and the third was on
the 2d of July, ISl.'i, when he addressed the House on
presenting Major Cartwright's petition. His lordship was
not calculated the "applause of listening senates to com-
mand," and did not care to occupy a position where he
could never hope to be first. On the 2d of January, 1S15,
he was married to Miss Anne Isabella, only daughter of
Sir Ralph Millbanke, (since Noel,} baronet, who had about
a year previously declined his overtures. The £10,000
received with this lady were speedily dissipated, and pecu-
niary embarrassment aggravated a want of congeniality,
which might have been anticipated from the first. Nor
did the birth of a daughter, Ada, afterwards Countess of
Lovelace, born December 10th, 1815, tend to produce per-
manent harmony. Lady Byron returned home in January,
1816, with the avowed object of a temporary vi.sit to her
family, but slie did not sec proper to again place herself
under his lordship's protection. Perhaps the true causes
of this alienation have never wholly transpired, but we
learn from her ladyship's explanation, that she liad good
reason to suspect the sanity of her husband, and did not
deem herself justified in remaining under his roof. But,
on the other hand, her ladyship has not escaped censure.
That there was much affection on the part of the groom at
the time of the marriage, we may he allowed to doubt.
Shortly before his second proposal, he permitted a friend
to offer " his hand and heart" to another lady. She de-
clined, as Miss M. had done.
'•You see," said Lord Byron, "that Miss Millbanke is
to be the person." He wrote her a letter, repeating his
proposition. His friend read it : the language was good,
the periods well turned. It was worthy of insertion in
the next edition of The Complete Letter Writer. His
friend was a judge of fine writing; he commended it
warmly :
'* This is really a very pretty letter ; it is a pity it should
not go!" "Then it shall go," replied his lordship. It
I went: the lady had already satisfied the usual punctilio
of her sex by saying "No;" she now satisfied herself by
saying '* Yes." Is it not strange that even in this day of
I increased light, there should be simple wooers so unso-
I phisticated as to take what is intended by the lady as the
BTR
first step to a suof^cssful pnrley — the niotter-of-coiirso "No,"
— fcr the conclusion of the treaty ? Hf>wever, the evil will
work its own cure. For if men thus persist in thus untler-
standin^; responses literally, the courted will have to ac-
commodate themselves to circumstances, and say that first
which they had intended to say last.
Lord Byron now left England with the avowed inten-
tion of never again seeing his native land. lie sailed
from London for Ostend. April 25, 1S16, proceeded to
Brussels, and visited the field nf Waterloo; then turned
his steps towards Cohlentz. sailed up the Rhine to Basle,
and passed through part of Switzerland to Geneva. There,
for the first time, he met with Mr. and Mrs. Shelley.
There was much congeniality in their tastes and disposi-
tions, and a warm intimacy sprung up between them.
Both were distinguished for extraordinary poetical powers,
with an apparent incapacity fur logical deduction, a morbid
passion for disgraceful notoriety, finding "their glory in
their shame," and, with an insane recklessness, contemn-
ing the judgments of that Almighty Ruler, whose precepts
they set at naught. Both were men of superficial acquire-
ments, and altogether without profundity of erudition.
Yet, shamefully ignorant of the records of the past, they
affected to doubt the authenticity of that inspired volume
whose evidences they had never probed, and permitted
their captious ignorance to quibble and contend where the
reverent learning of a Locke and a Newton believed and
adored. Yet even Byron was shocked by the profanity
of his friend, and seems to have had at times a "certain
fearful looking for a judgment to come." which forbade
entire security on the brink of ruin. Whilst :it Piodati, ;
near Geneva, be wrote the third canto of CliiUle Harold's
Pilgrimage ; to this succeeded The Prisoner of Chillon, A
Dream, and other Poems. In October. 18lfi, he visited
Italy, and settled at Venice in November. Of his course
of life whilst in this city, we have no disposition to enter
into the particulars. It is no pleasant thing to linger over
such sad details. Mr. Moore has increased the public
censure, before richly merited by some of his own effu-
sions, by the additional sin of apnlogiziug for the shame-
ful conduct of his friend and brother poet. For this
reason, and others, an expurgated edition of Moore's Life
of Byron is as necessary for the parlour table, as an ex-
purgated edition of his lordship's poems. In 1817 ap-
peared Manfred, a Tragedy, and The Lament of Tasso.
In the next year he puldished the fourth and last canto
of Childe Hamld. which tended to keep alive the interest
felt in the personal experience of the poet. Beppo ap-
peared in the t^ame year, and in the next. (1819,) the tale
of Mazeppa, and the first part of Don .luan were given to
the public. At an evening party, given by the Countess
Benzoni, he became acquainted with the Countess Guic-
cioli. Teresa Garaba, the daughter of a Romagnese noble-
man, had recently been emancipated from the restraints
of a convent, and became the wife of a widower in ad-
vanced life, who in his younger days had been distin-
guished as the friend of Alfieri, and in his old age was as
much courted for his wealth. At the time of this ill-as-
sorted union, Teresa was only eighteen, very beautiful,
and. as appears by the sequel, equally indiscreet. The
story of the first evening of their acquaintance can be best
told by herself:
" I became acquainted with Lord Byron in the sprinp; of 1819 :
— he was introduced to me at Venice, by the Countess Benzoni,
at one of that Iady"s parties. This introduction, which had so
much influence over the lives of us both, took place contrary to
our wishes, and had been permitted by us only from courtesy.
For myseifi more fatifiued than usual that evening on account of
the late hours they keep at Venice, I went with great repugnance
to this party, and' purely in obedience to Count Guiccioli. Lord
Rvron, too, whn was averse to forminp; new acquaintances — alleg-
ing that hi had entirely renounced all attachments, and was un-
willing any more to expose himself to their consequences — on
being requested by the Countess Benzoni to allow himself to he
presented to me. refu.'Jed. and, at last, only assented from a desire
to oblii^e her. His nobie and exquisitely be^iutiful countenance,
the tone of his voice, his manners, the thousand enchantments
that surrounded him, rendered him so different and so superior a
beincT to any whtm I had hitherto seen, that it was impossible he
should not have left the most profound impression on me. From
that evening, during the whole of my subsequent stay at Venice,
we met every day."
We need only dwell upon this unhappy story long
enough to remark, that when Count Guiccioli was, for po-
litical reasons, banished from the Tuscan States, and em-
barked for Genoa, his wife remained under Lord Byron's
protection. An application to the Pope severed the legal
tie which still bound her to her husband.
In December, 1810, he left Venice, and after visiting
some of the Italian dominions of Austria, took up his
21
BYR
residence at Ravenna, and subsequently at Pisa. In 1820
he published Marino Faliero. Doge of Venice, intended to
illustrate the theory of the dramatic unities. Upon thia
vexed question we shall hardly be expected to enter. In
1821 he published his celebrated epistle to the Rev. Wil-
liam Lisle Bowles, entitled, A Letter to the Author of
Strictures on the Life and Writings of Pope. In the samo
year appeared The Two Foscari, a Tragedy; Sardanapalus,
a Tragedy : and Cain, a Mystery. Perhaps this last is the
most shocking exhibition of folly and skepticism of which
the author was ever guilty. What folly can be greater
than that which arraigns the decrees of infinite wisdom,
because unfathomable by man's limited capacities?
In the year following, Byron and Shelley — par nolile
frntnim — in conjunction with Mr. Leigh Hunt, com-
menced the publication of The Liberal, a periodical which
was discontinueil after the 4th number, owing to the death
of Shelley, who was drowned by the upsetting of a plea-
sure-boat in the Mediterranean. Thus perished one of
the most truly original poets that England has ever seen.
Had his judgment been equal to his genius, and his pas-
sions under proper control, he would have proved a bene-
factor instead of an injury to his race.
In the Liberal first appeared The Vision of Judgment,
(elicited by a work with the same title by Southey.) which
subjected the puldisher to a prosecution, and a fine of £100.
Heaven and Earth, a Mystery, was presented to the public
through the same channel. To these latter compositions
of bis lordship, we have to add the concluding cantos of
Don Juan, Werner, a Tragedy, and the Deformed Trans-
formed.
In September, 1S22. be quitted Pisa, and passed the
winter at Genoa. About this time he received an invita-
tion from the London Committee of Philhellenes, thrimgh
Mr. Bbuiuicre. to aid in the deliverance of Greece from
the Mohammedan thraldom under which it suffered.
As this subject had already enlisted the sympathies of a
poet who had long loved (Treece for the past, and mourned
over her present degradation, the invitation was cordially
welcomed :
■*I cannot express to you how much I feel interested in the
cause, and nothing but the hnpes I entertained of witnessing the
liberation of Italv itselt; prevented me long ago from returning to
do what I could", as an individual, in that land which it is in
honour even to have visited.'"— ieffer to Mr. Blaquiere, Albaro,
April 5, 182.1.
On the 14th of July. 1823, he hired an English vessel,
and with a few followers sailed from Genoa for Cephalonia,
which he reached at the commencement of the third cam-
paign. Finding from his friends, Trelawney and Browne,
that Missobmghi was in a state of blockade, he advanced
400.000 piastres (about £12,000) for the relief of the be-
sieged city. On the 5tb of January, 1824, he arrived at
Missolonghi. and attempted to niise a force with which to
attack Lepanto. He took 500 Suliotes into bis pay. but
his expedition was delayed by the disorderly and unsettled
temper of his troops. Those whom he would gladly have
aided could not agree among themselves, and discordant
confusion reigned in their councils. Disappointed and
chagrined, bis constitution gave way, and on the 15tb of
February he was attacked by a severe fit of epilepsy. En-
treaties were unsuccessfully urged to induce him to remove
to the healthier climate of Zante : " I cannot," he writes
to a friend, "quit Greece while there is a chance of my
being even of (supposed) utility. There is a stake worth
millions such as I am, and while I can stand at all. 1 must
stand by the cause." Four times within a month the at-
tack was repeated, yet he recovered. But on the 9th of
April, being caught in a shower while taking bis ride on
horseback, a rheumatic fever, accompanied with inflamma-
tion of the brain, seized him. This occurred on the 12th
inst., and on the 19th he breathed his last. The account
of his last moments, as given by Major Parry, Dr. Mil-
linger, and his faithful servant Fletcher, is deeply inte-
resting. He had been charging Fletcher, in the weakness
of expiring nature, to carry messages to his sister, to
Lady Byron, and others, and
"ITethen said, ' Now I have told you all.' ' My lord.' replied
Fletcher. ' I have not understood a woid your lordship has been
saying.' 'Not understand me?' exclaimed Lord Byron, with a
look of the utmost distress, -^'hat a pity!— then it is too late;
all is over !' ' I hope not,' answered Fletcher, ' but the Lord's will
be done.' ' Yea. not mine,' said Byron. He then tried to utter a
few words, of which none were intelligible, except ' My sister — my
child!' He spoke also of Greece, saying, '■I have given her my
time, my means, my health— and now I give her my life!— what
could I do more?' . . . It was about six o'clock on the evening of
this day. when he said. ' Now I shall go to sleep:' and then, turn-
ing round, he fell into that slumber from which he never awoke."
— 3foore^s Li/f. of Byron.
BYR
BYR
An American gentleman, who spent some days with
Lord Byron in February, 1S24, two months before his de-
cease, has published a very interesting account of their
conversations. We give a brief extract :
" I found the poet in a weak, and rather irritable, state, but he
treated me with the utmost kindness. He said that at the time
I first called upon him. all strant;ers, and most of his friends, were
exiluded from his room. ' But,' said he, • had 1 known an .Ameri-
can was at the door, you should not have been denied. 1 love
your country, sir; it is the land of liljerty ; the only portion of
God's green earth not desecrated by tyranni/.' ... In a few days
after I left him. I received another note from him. requesting me
to call, and bring with me Irtvi.vo's .Skltcu Book. 1 took it in
my hand, and went once more to the illustriousauthor's residence,
lie rose from his couch when 1 entered, and. pressing my hand
warmly, said, ' Have you brought the sketch Book !' 1 handed it
to him, when, seizing it with enthusiasm, he turned to the
' Broken Heart.' ' That,' said he, ' is one of the finest things ever
tfritten on earth, and I want to hear an American read it. But
stay I do you know Irving ?' I replied that I had never seen him.
' God bless him I' exclaimed Byron ; ' he is a genius ; and he has
something better than genius— a heart. I wish I could see him,
but 1 fear I never shall. Well, read— the '-Broken Heart" — yes,
the "Broken He,^rt." What a word!'
" In closing the first paragraph. I said, ' Shall I conf -ss it? I
believe in broken hearts.' ' Yes,' exclaimed Byron, 'and so do I,
and so does everybody but philosophers and fools.' ^\■hile 1 was
reading one of the most touching portions of that mournful piece,
I observed that Byron wept. He turned his eyes upon me. and
said. ' You see me weep. sir. Irving himself never wrote that story
without weeping ; nor can I hear it without tears. I have not
wept much in this world, for trouble never brings tears to my
eyes; but I always have tears for the " Broken Heart."' When
I read the last line of Moore's verses at the close of the piece,
Byron said. ' What a being that Tom Moore i.s, and Irving, and
Emmet and his beautiful love! What beings all! Sir. how
many such men as Washington Irving are there in America?
God don't send many such spirits into this world. I want to go
to America for five reasons. I want to see Irving: I want to see
your stupendous scenery; I want to see Washington's grave; I
want to see the classic form of living freedom, and I want to get
vour government to recognise Greece as an independent nation.
Poor Greece!'
"These were the last days of Bvron ; and I shall ahvavs consi-
der myself happy that I was permitted so often to be with him."
The personal appearance of Lord Byron is so well
known through the medium of the portraits prefi.'ied to
his poems, that any description seems superfluous, and
must necessarily he very unsatisfactory.
" Many pictures have been painted "of him," savs a fair
critic of his features, " with various success ; but the ex-
cessive beauty of his lips escaped every painter and sculp-
tor. In their ceaseless play they represented every emo-
tion, wliether pale with anger, curled in disdain, smiling
in triumph, or dimpled with archness and love."
His eyes were liglit, and very expressive, his head re-
markably small, the forehead higl], and set off to great
advantage by his glossy, dark-brown curls. His teeth
were white and regular, his nose, though handsomely,
rather thickly, shaped, and his complexion colourless.
His hands were white, and aristocratically small. In
height he was five feet eight inches and a half. The lame-
ness of his right i'oot, so constant a suliject of mortifica-
tion to him, was in reality so slight, that Mr. Moore tells
us he had no little difficulty in deciding, .amidst the con-
flicting testimony of friends, which foot it was that was
so affected.
It will now be proper to quote some opinions upon the
works of an author, who, whether commended or censured,
will always occupy a distinguished rank in the records of
English literature :
■■ If the finest poetry be that which leaves the deepest impres-
sion on the nnnds of its readers— and this is not the worst test of
its excellence — Lord Byron, we think, must be allowed to take
precedence of all his distinguished ccintenipnraries He has not
the variety of Scott— nor the deliracx ,,r ( 'auipbell— nor the abso-
lute truth of Crabbe— nor the >|..i,klii,.. p ,lish of .lloore: but in
force of diction, and unextingiiishalile energy of sentiment, he
clearly surpasses them all. ■ Words that bi-e-ithe. and thou-hts
that burn' are not merely the ornaments, but llii. comtnnn staple
of his poetry; and he is not inspired or impressive only in some
happy |)as.sages, but through the whole body and ti.SMie ol his
composition. ... He delights too exclusively in fhe delineation
of a certain morbid ex.altation of character and of feelin- —a sort
of dem.iniacal sublimity, not without some traits of the ruined
archangel. He is haunted almost perpetually with the ima-'e of
a being feeding and fed upon by violent passions, and the recol-
lections of the catastrophes they have occasioned. . . Such is
the person with whom we are called upon almost excln«iNeIv to
sympathize in all the greater productions of this distinguished
writer :— In Cbilde Harold, in the Corsair, in Lara, in the Siege of
Corinth, in Parisina. and in most of the .smaller pieces It is im-
possible to represent such a character better than Lord Byron has
done in all these productions,— or. indeed, any thing more terrible
in Its anger, or more attractive in its relenting. In point of elTect
we re.adily admit that no one character can he moi-e pwlical or
more impressive :-But it is really too much to find the scene per- )
n Vt ■\"i''''' ^J ?"'' character— not only in all the .acts, but in
ttU the dimoent pieces;— and, grand and impressive as it is, we
feel at last that these very qualities make some relief more indis-
pensable, and oppress the spirits of ordinary mortals with too
de"j> an impression of awe and repulsion. There is too much
guilt, in short, and too much gloom, in the leading character; —
and. though it be a fine thing to gaze, now and then, on stormy
seas and thunder-shaken mountains, we should prefer passing our
days in sheltered valleys, and by the murmur of calm waters. , . .
We certainly have no hope of preaching huu into philanthropy
and cheerfulness; but it is impossible not to mourn over such a
catastrophe of such a mind, or to see the prodigal gifts of Nature,
Fortune, and Fame thus turned to bitterness, without an oppres-
sive feeling of impatience, mortification, and surprise.'' — Lord Jef-
frey: ICdin. Hcvuw, xsvii. 277. Bead this elaborate article, in
whii:h the merits and demerits of Byron's different poems are re-
viewed at leiigtli.
*''fhe I'liird (.'anto of Childe Harold exhibits, in all its strength,
and in all its peculiarity, the wild, powerful, and original vein of
poetry, which, in the preceding cantos, first fixed the public atten-
tion upon the author. If there is any difference, the former seem
to us to have been rather more sedulously corrected and revised
for publication, and the present w-ork to have been dashed from the
author's pen with less regard to the suljordinafe points of expres-
sion and versification. Yet such is the deep and powerful strain
of passion, such the original tone and colouring of description,
that the want of polish in some of its minute points rather adds
to, than deprives, the poem of its energy." — Lon. QuuTUrly i?©-
view, xvi. 172.
" 1 agree very much in what you say of Cbilde Harold. Though
thei-e is something provoking and insulting to morality and to
feeling in his misanthropical ennui, it gives nevertheless an odd
piquancy to his descriptions and reflections. This is upon the
whole a piece of most extraordinary power, and may rank its au-
thor with our first poets. I see the'Kdinbur'_'h Review h.as hauled
its wind."— Sir Waller Scott to Mr. Moiritt. Maij 1'2. 1.S12.
" My intrusion concerns a large debt of glatitude due to your
lordship. . . . The first coU7i^, as our technical language expresses
it, relates to the high pleasure I have received from The Pilgrim-
age of Cbilde Harold, and from its precursors; the foi-merj'with
all its classical as.sociations. some of which are lost on so poor a
scbokar as I am, possesses the additional charm of vivid and ani-
mated description, mingled with original sentiment. ... I hope
your lordship intends to give us more of Cbilde Harold. I was
delighted that my friend Jeffrey — for such, in spite of many a
feud, literary and political. I always esteem him — has m.ade so
handsomely the amende honorable for not having discovered in the
bud the merits of the flow er : and I am bapj.y to understand that
the retraction .so handsomely made was received with equal libe-
rality."—.Sl/r WaWr Scatt to Lonl Ili/ron, July 3 and Ifi. 1812.
[ Sir Walter gives an interesting account of his first in-
troduction to Lord Byron, which occurred in the snrine of
11815: '■ ^
_" I found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous, and even
kind. We met for an hour or two aimost daiiy in .Mr. Murray's
drawing-room, and found a great deal to say to each other. . . .
His reading did not seem to me to have been very extensiv^
either in poetry or history. Having the advantage of him in that
I respect, and possessing a good competent share of such reading as
I is little read, I was sometimes able to put under his eye objects
I which had for hun the interest of novelty." See Loikhart's Lilh
of Scott.
" Never had any writer so vast a command of the whole eloquence
of scorn, misanthropy, and despair. That Marah was never dry.
No art could sweeten, no draughts could exhaust, its perennial
waters of bitterness. Never was there such variety in monotony
as that of Byron. From maniac laughter to piei-cing lamentation,
there was not a single note of human anguish of which he was not
master. Year after year, and mouth after uujiith, be continued to
repeat that to be wretched is the destiny of all; that to be emi-
nently wretched is the destiny of the eminent: that .all the desires
by which we are cursed lead alike to misery : if thev are not grati-
fied, to the misery of disappointment; if they are g'ratified. to the
misery of satiety. His principal heroes are nien who have arrived
by different roads at the same goal of despair, who are sick of life,
who are at war with society ; who are supported in their anguish
only by an unquenchable pride, resembling that of Prometheus on
the rock, or of .Satan in the burning marl ; who can master their
agonies by the force of their will, and who, to the last, defy the
whole power of earth and heaven. He always descrilwd himself
as a man of the same kind with his favourite creations, as a man
whose heart had been withered, whose capacity for happiness was
gone, and could not he restored ; but whose invincible spirit dared
the worst that could befall him here or hereafter. . . . Among that
krge class of young persons whose reading is almost confined
to works of imagination, the popularity of Lord Byron was un-
bounded. They bought pirtores of him, they treasured up the
smallest relics of him ; they l.arned his poems by heart, and did
their best to write like him. to look like him. Many of them prac-
tised at the glass, in the hope of catching the curl of the upper
lip, and the scow] of the brow, which appear in some of his por-
traits. A few discarded their neckcloths in imitation of their
great leader. For some years, the Minerva press sent forth no
novel without a mysterious, unhappy, Ijara-llke Peer. The num-
ber of hopeful undergraduates and medical students who became
things of dark imaginings, on whom the freshness of the heart
cea.sed to fall like dew, whose passions had consumed themselves
to dust, and to whom fhe relief of tears was denied, passes all cal-
cul.ation. Tliis was not the worst. There was created in the minds
of many of these en I husiasts. a pernicious and absurd as.sociation
between intellectual power and moral depravity. From the poetry
of Lord Byron they drew up a system of ethics, compounded of
misanthropy and voluptuousness: a system in which the two
great commandments were to hate your neighbour and to lovo your
neighbour's wife."— Lord Macu'Lav: Edin, Ileriew, ,7iine, I831-
and in bis Crit. ami i/istor. Essat/s, 1864, i. 346, 347, :J4S.
See also KecoUections of Lord Byron, by K. V. Dallas,
mM.
BYK
1R24 ; Conversations of Lord Byron, by Thomas Medwin,
1S2 I ; The Last Days of Lord Byron, by Major Wtn. Parry;
Lord Byron and some of his Contemporaries, by Leigh
Hunt, 1828; Conversations on Religion with Lord Byron
and others, by James Kennedy, M.D., 1830 ; Conversations
with Lord Byron by Lady Blessington, IS'M) ; Life of Byron
by John Gait, 1837 ; Life of Lord Byron by Armstrong,
1846 ; Recollections of the Last Days of Byron and Shelley,
by E. J. Trelawney, 1S58; Shelley's Julian and Maddolo;
Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Ilalf-Century,
1851; Alison's Hist, of Europe, 1815-1852, chap, v.;
Newstead Abbey, — in Washington Irving's Crayon Mis-
cellanies; Lon. Quar. Rev., vols, vii., x., xi., xix., xxvii.,
xxxvii. ; articles by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., vols, ix.,
xix., xxL, xxiii., xxvii., xxviii., xxix., xxxv., xxxvi.,
xxxviii. ; articles in Norlh Amer. Rev., vols, v., (W. Phil-
lijis.) xiii. 227. (John Everett.) xiii. 450, (Wm. H. Pres-
cott,) XX., (A.H.Everett,) xxi., (A. Norton,) xxxi., xxxvi.,
(both by W. B. 0. Peabody,) Ix., (E. P. Whipple:) Index
to Blackw. Mag., 1855, vols. i.-l. j Poole's Index to Period.
Lit.. 1853. 00-61.
Lord Byron presented Mr. Moore with his autoldo-
graphy, aiid Mr. M. sold the MS. to John Murray for 2000
guiueas. Lord Byron's family, after his decease, expressed
some unwillingness to have the MS. published. Mr. Moore,
with a delicacy worthy of the highest praise, destroyed the
papers, and returned Mr. Murray the 2000 guineas pur-
chase-money, with int<?rcst. Au offer to reimburse the largo
sum thus cheerfully sacrificed was positively refused by Mr.
Moore. From specimens of this autobiography quoted to
us by Washington Irving, who inspected the MS., we are
perfectly satisfied with the disposition made of the original.
Two of our countrymen — Mr. George Ticknor, author of
The History of Spanish Literature, and Mr. Edward
Everett, lato minister of the United States of America at
the Court of St. James — have favoured us with their MS.
Recollections of Lord Byron. Mr. Ticknor writes us,
(July 22, 1858, 'MVom memoranda made at the time,")
"I became acinuiiiilrd with Lord Byron in June. ISl.^, throuf^h
the kinduess of .Mr. (iilloid, editor of the Quarterly Review, who
had a personal rt't,';ird U>r the grreat poi't, and to whom alone, as
Lord Byron more tliau once told me, he suppoMrl liiriisi-lf to be ili-
dt'bted lor the kindness shown him in that ciiiiiiriitly 'I'oiy journal.
Lord Byron was then living in a large and fim- li'-usr in i'iccadilly.
I naw him there only a few tunes — four in all — (luring; the ten djiys
I was in London after I became acquainted with him ; besides
which, however, I met him once in Murray's room in Albemarle
St.. and once pa.ssed an evening with him. Lady Byron, and .Sir
Ralph and Lady Noel, in liie private box in Drury Lane Theatre, to
see Kean in 'Rule a Wife.' — Lord Byron being then one of the
managing-committee of tliat lli.'atr'' ami an adrnirer of Kean.
The whole of such an ar.|iiiojiiMrn !■ wi- nn ^ -.>ai jly not much, and
could give only the most -iipii li- i:il \ i- w ■ v>)i m1 his manners.
"Each time that I saw bun at bimir, L;idy ISyion was with him,
or came into the room while I was there. On these occasions, as
well as at the theatre, his manners towards lier were very natural
and simple, and tho?ie of a bajipy man. lb' had then lieen niavrictl
about six iiii.iitlis. ;nid wa>i s'>parali-d from ber about t-'tx m.aitbs
aftiTwanis. ninl-T tiiciun.stanci'S .still imperfecHy explained lo (bo
pubhc, but wbii ;li weie known at the time to Dr. Lu.sbingtoii. Hid
remarkable letter, jiublished at the end of Abiore's life, when taken
in connection with tlie pure and elevated character of the eminent
magistrate who wrote it to express his deliberate judgment on
the whole affair, can leave no reasonable doubt that the separation
was made from causes very discreditable to Lord Byron.
'■ The first time I saw him, I was struck with his movements as
he came into the room where I was waiting for him. There was a
screen before the door, so that I could not immediately see him ;
but the sound that came from beliind it was as if two or throe
people were entering together. lie advancnl tnwards me rajiidly,
with his person bent forward, owing. I suppMsrd, to the malcon-
formation of his lower limbs, for 1 noticed tlie same thing on other
occasions, ikion after he sat down ho took up one of his feet —
which were nicely laced in Wellington boots, and had fashionable
white drill pantiiloons drawn down over them tight and low — and
patted and petted it, as I thought, to see whether I took any espe-
cial notice of it. I was careful not to do so. I had been warned.
But, except in these trifles, I never saw any thing in his manner
that was probably the result of his deformity. In all the upper
part of his person he was very handsome, round, and full; but bis
complexion was sallow and pale. His general air was perfrrtly
easy and natural. The tones of his voice were low and concili^itini,'
" lie talked a good deal about America, and was curiou-! i>u tb.-
Bubject of our universities and literature, inquiring particniaily
whether we looketl upon Barlow aa our Homer. Of his own ' Eng-
lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' which was then suppressed in
Enghand, he said that he wrote it when he was very young and
very angry, — adding that those were the only rirruiri^'t.un^ea under
which a man woubl writr snrb a saliic. SiH' ■■ In- bid rnme back
to England, he said that L-ml Ib^lland. \vb.> h^-d In ,u wry kind to
him, and Rogers, who liud Ijecomc bin tikrid. bad a.iki-d bim not
to continue to reprint it, and so ho bad suppressed it. Indeed, he
went on. he had become of late ac(iuaintfd with nearly all the
persons he had satirized, and had a hearty liking for tliem. espe-
cially as they did not refuse to know a person who had so much
abused them. He had no longer any quarrel with any of them
e,\cept Lord Carlisle : and. as that was a family ditlerencc. he said
he supposed it would never be settb-d. Oti every account, there-
fore, he expresHed himself as glad that the hook was out of print ;
and yet he showed no regret when I told Inui that it was freely
circulated in the United States. His poems published dining his
minority he said he had suppressed because they were not worth
reading; and he wondered that our booksellers should reprint them.
" While he was talking in this way. Sir James Bland Bmges — a
fourth or fifth rate poet who wrote 'The Exodiad' with Cinnber-
land, and a part of whose Epick on Richard the Lion-Ilearted
Lord Byron, in his ' Hints fiora Horace,' says he found at Malta
lining a trunk — came suddenly into the room, and said, abruptly,
'My lord 1 my lord! a great battle has been fought in the Low
Countries, and Bonaparte is entirely defeated.* * But is it true?'
said Lord Byron; ' is it true?' 'Yes, my lord, it is certainly true.
An aid-di ■ciuiip arrived in town last night: he has been in Down-
ing ^tn-ct this morning, and I have just seen liim, as he was going
to Lady ^VeMiLiglon's. He says he thinks Bonaparte is now in full
retreat towards Paris.' After an instant's pause. Lord Byron re-
plied, 'I am d— d sorry for it.' And tlien. after another slight
pause, he added, 'I didn't know but I might live to see Lord
Castlereagh's head on a pole; but I suppose I sha'n't now.' And
this was the first impression produced on his impetuous and ill-
governed nature by the news of the battle of Waterloo. Two days
afterwards I met him at Murray's Rooms, where he received very
I good buni'iui'dly the satirical congratulations of Gifford and some
othi r nf bis Tory friends on the. great victory; but he did not dis-
gnisr bis tirliiiL's iiT- opiuinus abiint it, and would not admit tliat
! the riii|ii'!i.i"s I ;.--r wj|s d''spiTa((^ I'vm then. I was much surprised
I at all tins, t! -Ii less than 1 shoubl have been if I had n<.tali.-ady
heard similar feelings about the whole war of the lInTidiid l'i\n
I with Bonaparte expressed by leading Whigs, such as rh. . \. . 11. ut
I Mr. Roscoe at Liverpool, who of course spoke moir wi-.. ly :iiid
mildly on the subject, and by Dr. I'arr, at Hatton, who was almost
as extravagant as Lord Byron.
"A day or two afterwards he sent me a copy of all his works,
with letters of introduction for Greece and Turkey, — adding t<i the
one for Ali Pacha a curious pistol, which I subsequently returned,
aa I went to Spain instead of Greece. Two of the letters 1 still
possess; and I have just observed, by a comparison with notes
that I received from Lady Byron twenty years later, that one of
them, which is in very nicely-turned French, is in her handwriting.
" On another occasion Lord Byron talked to me of a plan be had
once entertained of establishing himscdf in Greece; and twice he
expressed to me his purpose of visiting the United States, saying
the first time that he had never ciivird ;iny men more than he did
Lc\vis and Clarke when he reatl lln' ac< nunt of their travels, and
that he had ever since felt the gnati-st, desire to see our Indians.
The 'English Bards,' to which he recurred again, he told mo he
wrote at his place in the country the winter before he went to
Greece, at a time when there was a heavy fall of snow on the
ground; and he kept house for a month, during which time he
never saw the light of day, — rising in the evening after dark, and
going to bed in the morning before dawn. 'The Corsair' he said
he wrote in eleven days and copied for the press on the twelfth. —
adding that whenever he undertook any thing he found it neces-
sary to give himself wholly to it. For this reason he supposed he
could never complete Chiide Harold, which he began at Yanina
and broke off at Smyrna. It was so long since he had laid it aside
that he should not, he believed, ever be able to resume it.
"An American copy of his works, in two small and very shabby
volumes, printed. I think, at Philadelphi;*, gave him evident plea-
sure. He was glad, he said, to see it in so cheap a form that pvery-
body could buy it. It was in boards ; and he said he should keep
it so. preferring to have it just aa it tame from America. In this
and in other ways he showed that he valued his American reputa-
tion, of which he was then just beginning to be aware.
'•Above two years after ibis, in October. 1817. as I was passing
from Veiuce to Ferrara. I stoppiil at Miraon the Brenta, — the Mira
of Dante's Purgatorio, — wliere Lonl Byron was then living. It was
j eleven o'clock in the forcnoou; but he was not up. Fletcher, his
i body-servant, however, remembered nie, and, after taking my card
, to him, showed me into a room nicely furnished in the English
, fashion, where I found Mr. Hobhouse (now Lord Broughton) hard
j at work with learneddooking books, and liad some very agreeable
: talk with him till Lord Byron came down. Contrary to my ex-
pectation, he showed no marks of the wild and reckless life In* had
led since I saw him in London. His countenance was just as fiur,
smooth, and round as ever. His conversation, however, I thought
a little different. Its tone seamed to me to be more lively, various,
and decided. As I had beiMi a p.od tl-M in Germany, be aslcrl me
if I had seen Goethe; and. fiudiiit; that I bad. lie put to mo many
questions about him. He told me that Mr. M. G. Lewis had nmde
him an extemporaneous translation of Faust, reading it to him from
German intoPhiglish, — which accounted to me for a certain resem-
blance in parts of Manfr-^d to that remarkable poem, which had
not then bem translated into Kii;;lish and which I was aware he
could not n-ad in the original, lb' was curious, too, to know about
Goethe's personal enemies, whosi- Tiumbi-r ln' liad understood to be
consideraijle ; and when I gav(^ Idni au anouut of a very severe
article on Goethe in the Editdiurt;h Bcvi.-u*. which, to his great
annoyance, had been translated and i>ubli.sbed under his nose at
.lena by Oken. Lord Byron showed at first an amusing eagernesg
to bear all about it, but then, seeming to check himself, sairl, as if
i half in earnest though still laughing. * And yet I don't know what
sympathy I can have with Gorthf exri|it that of an injured
author.' And this, I think, was the i-\;iit truth ; for he left on my
mind that morning no doubt that he felt himself to be under-
valued as a poet in England.
"Both he and Mr. liobhouee spoke with great satisfat^tion of
their residence in Italy, — Lord Byron, to my surprise, placing its
; attractions nnnb biL'b''r than those of Greece. It will be remem-
' bered that br bad lli. ri written, but bad not printed, the fourth
j canto of Cbildr llar.'M; and Mr. Hoblnmse. I have always sup-
I posed, was, when I entered the parlour at Mira, at work on the
! notes to it, which he published soon at'terwards."
[ Mr. Everett writes u.^. (August y,, 1858.)
I "Having at a very early ago begun to feel a great inteie&t io
3:'3
BYR
BYW
mndem Greece, that feeling was raised to enthusiasm by the two
first cantos of Chiltle Harold, which appwired the year after I left
college. Determined to visit Greece myself, I felt on that account
especially desirous, on my arrival in London in the spring of 1S15,
of making the acquaintance of Lord Byron. I was offered an in-
troduction to him by more than one friend, — particularly by Richard
gharpe, Esq.. better known in society as 'Conversation Sharpe.'
Delays, however, took place, and my youthful impatience led me
somewhat to overstep the bounds of strict propriety. I addressed
a note to Lord Byron, eendin;^ with it a copy of a poetical trifle
privately printed by me some time before, in'which he was men-
tioned, and asking the honor of hia acquaintance. I received a
most obliging answer from him the next day, accompanied \vith a
set of his poems in four volumes, (rendered doubly valuable by
marginal corrections in hia handwriting,) and appointing an hour
when he would see me. His reception of me was most cordial.
Intercourse between the two countries was just ri-(i|ii-iii-d nUi-r the
war of 1812-1814, and I was the first person from tli.' Uiiit.-ii States
whose acquaintance he had made. He expressed lii^'h waii^faction
at the account I t^ave him of his transailantic fame. Our con-
versation was priiRip;iIIy un th..- .statr nf .■,liir;iti<.n and literature
in this country, luni on Groi'ic, t" wiiu It hr Mud fie was so much
attached that but lor Janiily coUfideratious lie sliould be disposed
to pass his life there. He offered me, without solicitation on my
part, letters to his friends there, and, among them, to Ali Pacha of
Albania.
"The state of public affairs wa-s then very critical. Napoleon,
recently escaped from Elba, w.as advancing rapidly to meet the
Prussian and English armies in Belgium. The probable result of
t\\-- impending conflict Wiis discussed with warmth by liord Byron.
■ N,ip<ik-on,' said he, 'will at first, no doubt, drive the" Duke of Wel-
liiiiitMU. That I shall be sorry for: I don't want to have my
countrymen beaten. But I will tell you what I do want. I want
to see Lord Castlereagh"s head carried on a pike beneath that
window.' This feeling, violent as it is, seems to have been pretty
deliberately cherished by Lord Byron. It is expressed in his con-
versation with Mr. Ticknor a few days later, after the battle of
Waterloo had been fought; and in a letter to Moore written a day
or two before I saw Lord B. he says, 'Of politics we have nothing
but the yell for war; and Castlereagh is preparing his head for
the pike, on which we shall see it carried before he has done.'
'■ Lord Byron — at this time in the enjoyment of his rfputiitiim as
the chief of the modern British Parnassus — liad laid a^idi- eiuin^ly
the misanthropic tone and eccentric manners with v/bicli he re-
turned from the East. He was a great favorite in society, and
happy, to all appearance, at home. He had also formed friendly
relations with mauy of those whom he had attacked most fiercely
in ' English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.' Mr. Rogers gave me an
amusing account of the commencement of his acquaintance with
Lord Byron on his return from the East. It took place in con-
nection with the reconciliation of Byron and Moore, of which the
successive steps are minutely related in Moore's Life of Byron. Mr.
Rogers, having been informed by Moore that Byron and be had
agreed on a meeting as friends, proposed that it should be at liis
(Mr. Rogers's) house, and desired Moore to invite Byron to meet him
at dinner there. This invitation was accepted in the most gracious
manner by Byron. It was intended at first that the party should
be confined to the trio; but Campbell happened t..call on Mr.
Rogers in the course of the morning, and wan iuvitril to join them.
This was in the first week of November, Ifill ; and at that time
Byron was not personally known to Rogers, Moore, or Campbell I
Mr. Rogers introduced himself to Lord Bvron. and presented the
other two as they arrived. Mr. Rogers— whose dinners were always
perfect — had taken pains to have a particularly nice one that day.
He soon found, however, somewhat to his consternation, that there
was nothing on the table which Lord Byron could eat or drink.
He was at that time in one of the frequent fits of abstinence which
he practised to check a tendency to gi-ow stout. After refusing
every thing on the table, lie asked' for hard biscuit and soda-water^
neither of which happened to be in the house. The soila-water
was sent for and procured, but the biscuit was not to be had in
the neighborhood. Lord Byron then called for the potatoes, filled
his plate with them, and, pouring the contents of the vinegar-cruet
over them, made a hearty meal. His manner and conversation on
this occasion did not appear to have pleased Mr. Rogers so much as
they did Mr. Moore. Whenever I saw Lord Byrnn. his deportment
and conversation were those of a well-hred. intelligent man of the
world, wholly free from affectation and eccentricity.
"It has been a question whether Lord Byron was lame in one
foot or both. My own impression, when I saw him. was that the
deformity extended equally to both feet: and such I understand
Mr. Trelawney, speaking from actual inspection after death, de-
clares to have been the case. It was concealed from the eye by
very long and loose trousers, but caused him to walk with a slight
jerk at the hip. Mr. Rogers and Lord Byron were leaving a party
together, shortly after his return from tlie Continent. A linknian
accosted Lord B. by name. Mr. Rogers heedlessly said. ' You see
everybody knows you already.' Lord Bvron rejoined, with a bitter
expression, • Yes ; I am deformed.' This feeling seems to have been
habitually present to his mind, if we can trust bis biographers;
but on no occasion when I saw him did hia countenance wear the
expression of gloom or care.
'■Three years and a half after I saw him in London, I had an
opportunity of renewing my acquaintance with Lord Byron at
Venice, where I saw him a few times in the autumn of 1818. Not-
withstanding the events which had occurred since I saw him in
London, there was no change in his general appearance and man-
ner. Our conversation was again verv much on Greece, which I
was to visit the next spring and for which he furnished me addi-
tional letters. He now .spoke with some confidence of taking up
his abode there, though the revolution which caused him to do so
had not yet broken out. He dwelt at some length on the state of
society in Italy, particularly in Venice, and especially on the circle
at the Countess Albrizzi's. which Lord B. attended "every evenin'^'-
for two years, to which I had the good fortune to he introduced by
Ugo Eoacolo. Ue spoke also with a good deal of interest of the
324
Armenian studies which he carried on for a short time under
Father Pascal .\uger, of the Armenian Convent at Venice. Thia
iearned and amiable eeclesi;istic, whom I had the pleasure of know-
ing, told me that for tlie short time that Lord Byron studied with
him he made rapid progress. He translated into English Father
Ancher'a Armeno-Italian grammar, and also the unauthentic
Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians, which had never appeared in
an English version. They are found, as translated by Lord Byron,
in the Appendix to Moore's Life.
" It is scarcely necessary to add that Lord Byron's letters to his
friends in Corfu, Albania, and Greece Proper were of the greatest
service to me, especially at the court of Ali Pacha. 'Dark Muctar,
his son.' so well known to the readers of Childe Harold, was the
first person of eminence whom I saw at Yanina, of which he was
then the governor."
Byron, Hon, John, 1723-1786. a distinguished Bri-
ti^sh athniral and circumnavigator, was the grandfather
of Lor<l Byron, the celebrated poet, and son of William,
fourth Lord Byron, and Frances, daughter of William, Lord
Berkeley, of Stratton. His Life will be found in Char-
nock's Biograpbia Kavjilis, Lon., 1794-96, 6 vols. Svo, and
other collections. Voyage round the World in the years
1764, '65. '66, in the Dolphin, by an officer on board the
same ship, Lon., 1767. Svo; also in Callander's Terra Aus-
tralis Incognita, iii. 673, 1766-68; and in Ilawkesworth's
Voyfiges, i. 1, 1773. Narrative of the great distress suf-
fered by himself and his companions, on the coast of Pa-
tagonia, 1740—1:6, Lon., 1768, Svo.
Lord Byron, the poet, relating an instance of the troubles
often encountered by those who brave the "perils of the
deep," thus reverentially refers to the hardships endured
by his respected ancestor:
" His sufferings were comparative,
To those related in my grand-dad's narrative."
Bysshe, Edward, 1615-1679, a native of Burstow,
Surrey, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, after
which he removed to Lincoln's Inn. where he applied him-
self to the study of the Common Law.
1. Notre in quatuor Libros Nicholai Upton, de studio
Militari. 2. Notie in Johaunis de Bado Aureo LibcUum
de Armis. 3. Notw in Henrici Spelmanni Aspidologiam.
He also pub. some trans.; Palladius de Gentibus, Ac,
and S. Ambrosius de Moribus, «tc. For further informa-
tion concerning these pieces, Wood refers to his account
of John Gregory, 1665, 4to. Wood tells us that he was
" An encou)"iger of learniTig and learned men, particularly that
noted critic, John Gieirory of Ch. h."
We must quote the following for the benefit of our BiB-
LioMANiACAL friends.
" He had a very choice library of books, all richly bound with
gilt dorses." — Allien. Oxtm.
Bysshe, EdAvard, The Art of English Poetry, Lon.,
1702, Svo. British Parnassus, or Commonplace Book of
English Poetry. 1714. 2 vols. Svo,
Bythewood, W,3I., and Jarman, T. Selection of
Precedents, forming a iSystem of Conveyancing, with Dis-
sertations and Practical Notes, Lou., 1824, Svo, vols. 1, 2,
and 3 ; 3d edit., enlarged by George Sweet, Lon., 1839—49,
9 vols. Svo, not yet completed.
"These volumes are composed of precedents drawn by eminent
conveyancers, and are those in general use at the present time.
The precedents are arranged under appropriate alphabetieal titles,
accompanying which are exceedingly v.iluable and carefully pre-
pared dissertations and notes." — MarvbCs Legal Bibl.
Bythuer, Victorinus, a native of Poland, resided
for many years, and died, in England. He read a Hebrew
lecture for a long period to the Hall of Christ Church, and
instructed in and pub. some books to facilitate the acqui-
sition of that language. He resided for some time at
Cambridge. About 1664 he settled at Cornwall, where he
practised physic. Lethargy of the Soul, <tc., 1636, 4to.
Tabula Directoria, kc, Oxf., 1637. Lingua Eruditorum,
1638, Svo; reprinted under a new title, Lon., 1639, Svo.
Cantab., 1645, '75, Svo ; usually called his Hebrew Gram-
mar. Clavis Linguae Sanctie, Camb., 1648, Svo. liyra
Prophetica Davidis Regis : sive Analysis Critico-practica
Psalmornm, Lou., 1645, '54, '64, '79, 4to. Glasguje, et
Londini, 1823, Svo; to this is added an Introduction to
the Chaldee. Trans, by the Rev. Thomas Dee, Dublin,
and London, 1836, Svo ; new edit., 1847, Svo.
*' Bythner's Lyra Davidis has long been known as perhaps the
most valuable help to the critical and grammatical study of the
book of Psalms. The reprint, at the University press at Glasgow,
is very beautiful." — Home's Introduction.
"Bythni-r was blessed with a most admirable geny for the ob-
taining of the tongues." — Alhen. Ox<m,
Bywater, John. An Essay on the History, Practice,
and Theory of Electricity. Lon.. 1810. Svo.
" He writes in a clear and conspicuous manner, and always
treats his opponents with liberality and candour." — Lon. Month,
liev., 1811.
An Essay on Light and Vision, Lon., 1814, Svo.
CAB
CAI
c.
Cabanel, Daniel, of Lincoln's Inn. The Tocsin
Sounded. Lon., ISIl. Epistle to Hon. S. Percival. 1S12.
Trilnite to the Memory of ditto, 1S12, Svo. Poems and
Imitations, 1S15, 8vo.
" Mr. C. appears to have been long a vot.iry of the Muses, some
rf the pieces in this collection beinp: dated nearly 30 years a^o. . . .
Tlie ciininion effect of the lapse of time on the poet is to slacken
his spirit, and to increase his correctness; but this does not appear
to have been the case in the present instance; the earlier poems
bein^ more correct and in bett^^r taste than the later and larger
producliims."— /.0/7. Atnut/ili/ Review. 1S15.
Cable, Daniel. Trans, from Sucbten ; concerning
the secrets of Antimony. Lon., 1670, Svo.
Cabot, Sebastian, h. abuut 1477, d. about 1557. an
eminent navigatur, of a Venetian family, was a native of
Bristol. Voyap:es to the North-East Frosty Seas, and to
tlie Kingdoms lying tbatWiiy. See Martyr's P. Decades,
p. 254, 1577: Navigatione nelle parti Settentrionali, Ve-
nice, foL, 1583. A Map. Cabot first noticed the variation
of the compass. See Life by R. liiddle, (7. v.)
Cabrera, Dr. Tanl F. " Trans. ..f Del Rio's Report of
the Ruins near Palenque; with additions, Lon.. 1822, 4to.
Catldell, Henry. Serms., Chelsea, 1843, 8vo.
CaddicU, Kiehard. Hebrew made Easy, 1799. Svo.
Serm., 18(J2, Svo. Ejiist. to Romans, in Hcljrew, corrected
from the version of Hutter. Nuremb., 1600; by Dr. Ro-
binson at Lun., 1601 J repub. with many improvements,
1804, 12mn.
Caddv, William, and N. Ward, Petition of. Lon.,
1654.
Cade, Anthony. Scrms.. 16IS, "21. '?.0, '61, 4to.
Cade, Capt. John, and John Mills. Their last
Speeches and Confessions, Lon., 1615, 4to.
Cade, John. Con. to Archa-ologia, 17S5, 'S9, '92;
on Roman Rnads and Stations in Britain.
Cade, William. Popery Shaken, Lon., 1678, 4to.
Cadell, W. A, Journey in Carniola, Italy, and
France, 1S17-1S, Edin., 1820. 8v.i. Mathematical Con.
to Ann. Philos.. 18] 4 ; to Trans. Edin. P-.c, 1S17.
Cademan, Thomas, M.D. 1. Bedford's Passage to
the Parliament. 2. The Distiller, Lon., 1641-52.
Cadge. Morton's Surgical Anatomy of the Principal
Regions of the Human Body ; completed by Mr. Cadge,
Lon., r. Svo; also sold in parts.
"The work thus completed constitutes a useful iruide to the
student, and remembrancer to the practitioner. . . We think that
Mr. Cad-re's contributions in no degree fall short of the original
work.'" — Lfin. Mntini} Ga:etle.
See Morton. Thomas.
Cadogan, Geori^e. The Spanish Hireling Detected,
Lon, 174o. This refers to Gcnl. Oglethorpe's expedition
against St. Augustine.
Cadogan, William, M.D., d. 1797, aged 86. a na-
tive of London, was educated at Oriel College. Oxford.
E.ssay on Cliildren, Lon., 1748, Svo; many edits. On the
<T(Kit. &c.. 1764, 8vo; many edits. HarverJan Orations,
1764 and 179;i, both pub.
Cadogau, William Bromley, 1751-1797, 2d son
of the Earl of Cadogan, was educated at Westminster
School, and Christ Church College, Oxford ; Vicar of St.
Giles. Reading, 1774; and subsequently Rector of Chelsea.
Sermons, 1780, '95, '96. Discourses, Letters, and Me-
moirs, by Richard Cecil, Lon., 1798, Svo.
'■These discourses abound with proof of the author's valuable
charai-ter. and of his intimate acquaintance with the scriptural
lan;rua2;e."' — Lown'bes.
Psalms and Hymns collected, 1787, 12mo.
Cadwallader, General John, d. 17S6, aged 43. a
soldier of the American Revolution, participated in the
battles of Princeton, Erandywine, Germantown, and Mon-
mouth. He pub. A Reply to General J. Reed's Remarks,
&r., 1783. See Marshall, Allen, &c
Cadwallader, Thomas, M.D., d. 1779. aged 72, was
one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital from
1752 until his decease. His dissections for Dr. Shippen
were among the earliest made in this country. Ho was
noted for his great courtesy of manner, which was once
the means of saving his life. The story is as follows :
'• A provincial officer, weary with his life, had determined to
shoot the first person whom he should meet, in order that justice
pbnuld brinix him to the trallows. An easier method of reaching;
hi-: end would have been to shoot himself. However, with hi*; re-
solution and his gun he sallied forth. He first met a pretty pirl ;
hut her beauty vanquished his intent. lie next met Dr. Cadwal-
lader. whose courteous -Good nicirning, sir. what sport?' also con-
quered him. lie then went to a tavern, and shot a Mr. Scull, for
which he was hanged." See Ramsay's Rev.; Thacher'sMed.Biog.;
Allen's Diet.
He pub. a Dissertation on the Iliac Passion, entitled,
An Essay on the West India Dry Gripes, 1745, in wliich
he recommended the use of opiates and mild cathartics,
instead of quicksilver, then employed. This was one of the
earliest American medical treatises. Boylston, llarwuod,
and Thacher had previously pub. medical treatises.
Ca'dmon, d. about 680, the father of English vSong,
is first mentioned by Bede, who gives us to understand
that he occupied, at least oecasioimlly, the humble post uf
a cow-herd. He was so ignorant as to be unable to bear
his part in the alternate vocal music with which our Saxon
forefathers recreated themselves at their feasts. Ca^dmon,
it is related, was supernatnrally inspired with the gilt uf
song whilst asleep in his stable; and the Abbess lliMa
considered herself honoured by his consenting to become
a monk in her house. Bede informs us that he celeln-atcd
in magnificent strains much of the Old and New Testa-
ment's history, the ''terrors of the day of judgment, the
pains of hell, and the sweetness of the heavenly king-
dom." Junius pub. in 1005 a MS. supposed to contain
some of the poetry of this distinguished bard. A new
edit., edited by the eminent Saxon scholar, Rev. Benjamin
Thorpe, was pub. by the Society of Antiquaries of London,
in 1832, consisting of a text formed carefully from the
original MS., and accompanied by a literal Engli.^Ii version ;
and illustrated by a volume of plates taken from tlic illu-
minations of the MS. This work is commended to the
careful attention of the reader.
*• An excellent and satisfactory edition, with a most valuable In-
dex.''— Kemble.
The striking resemblance between Cjedmon's account
of the Fall of Man, &c., and portions of Milton's Paradise
Lost, has been frequently noticed.
" The pride, rebellion, and punishment of Satan and his piinces,
have a resemblance to Milton so jriuat-kable, that most of his poi"-
tion might he almost literally translated by a cento of lines fiom
the great poet.'' — W. D. O/niiheart-^s Illustrations of Auylo-Si-ixon
Poet)-'/: and see Thorpe's Ca;dmou as above, and Wri-^ht's Uiog.
Brit. Lit.
CfTsar, J. James, D.D., Minister of the Prussian
Church, London. Sermons pub. separately, 1702, '04, '05,
'13, '14. 'If). '17, 4to.
C^sar, John, Vicar of Croydon. Serms., 1708, 4to.
CiTsar, Sir Jiilins, 1657-lt>'''6, an eminent civilian,
was the friend uf Lord Bacon, and a favourite of James I.
and Charles I. Antient State, Authority, and Proceed-
ings of the Court of Requests, L"t96, '97, 4to. Many of
the valuable MSS. collected by him are in the British
Museum. Fuller gives this high eharacter of him :
"■ A person of prodijrious bounty to all of worth or want, so that
he mi;;ht seem to be alnioner-^eneral of the nation. The story is
well known of a j^'-ntl.'niiin. who once borrowing his coach, (which
was as well known In |nioi- jirnple as any hospital in Knjiland.) was
so rendezvoused about Mith beiri-'arH in London, that it cost him
all the money in his purse to satisfy llnir importunity,. so that he
mi^'ht have hired twenty coacbis loi tbf s;inie terms. Sir Francis
Racon. Lord Vcrulam, was judiiious in bis election, when, perceiv-
inp: his dissolution to approach, he made his last hed in effect in
the house of Sir .Tulius." — Worthies nf Middlesex.
Caesar, Philip. Discourse of the damnable Sect of
Usurer.s, &c. ; trans, by T. Rogci's, Lon., 1578, 4to, A
Godly Treatise announcing the Lawfulness of Riches, Lon.,
1578. 4to.
Cafftin, Matthew. Deceiving Teachers, &q., 1656.
Cage, Thornton. Case between him and his wife, fol.
Cagua, John, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. Traua.,
1740.
Caines, Clement. Cultivation, &c. of the Otaheite
Cane, &c., Lon.. 1801, Svo.
Caines, George, d. 1825, aged 54, Reporter of the
Supreme Court of New York. Lex Mercatoria Americana,
New York, 1802. Svo.
"The author designed to add other volumes, but from the in-
different reception by the profession of tlin first, his intenti'in was
never carried into effect. It is a crud^:' lompilation. little known,
and less freciuently referred to." — Mari'in's Leijid Bibl.
Summary of the Practice in the Supreme Court of the
State of New York, New York, 1808, Svo.
'■ This work was rather a practical manual than a treatise bene-
ficial to experienced practitioners, or useful as a book of reference."
— Grahavi^s Practice,
Practical Forms of Supreme Ct. of N. York, 1808, Svo.
Cases in the Court for the Trial of Impeachments and
Correction of Errors, State of N. York, 1805-07, 2 vols.
325
CAI
CAL
Svo. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of State of
N. York, 1803-05, 3 vols. Svo, 1813, '14 ; 2d edit,, 1852.
"Geoi-j;e Caines, Esq.. w.astbe first Kepnrter of the Decisions of
the Supreme Court of the State of New York. rr^'ul:u-ly .ippointed
as such. The names of the Hon. Judges wlm pr.si,l,.il in this Court
durin-^ the period above stated, were — .Mor^riin Lrw is, James Kent,
(aft.rwaids Chancellor of the State.) Jac.h KadcliiT, Brockholdst
Livin-stt.u. Smith Thompson, (the two last-named ^'entlemen were
Bul/sc'iuenllyappoiuted Judges of the Supreme Court of the United
Stat..-s I .-Vuibrose Spencer, and David D. Tompkins — a more able
and independent Judiciary never e,\isted at any one period, in any
Court of the United States."
Caird, James, of Baldoon. English Agriculture,
1850, ■51, Lon., Svo; 5d edit., 1852.
•■ It contains many sensible remarks, and very shrewd observa-
tions; showing a most enlij^htened mind and sound understand-
ing."— D<mald.ion's AffricuU. Biog.
The Plantation Scheme, Svo, 1850.
High Farming under liberal Covenants the best substi-
tute for Protection, Svo ; and High Farming Vindicated.Svo.
" It must therefore be the interest of all personsronnected with
land to encourage the extension of the more skilful and improved
agriculture described by Mr. Caird. and by every means to dilTnse
the knowledge on which the profitable practice of the system de-
pends."—Bitn. Bev., Oct. 1849.
Caird, John, minister of the Park Church, Glasgow.
1. Religion in CommonLife; aSerm.,Edin.,1856. 2. Serms.
1858, p. Svo.
Cairncross.Andr., Surgeon. Con.toMed.Com.,1781.
Cairns, Elizabetli..\uti. 111. igraphy.Glasg., 1762, Svo.
Cairns, John. College and I'a^t.iVal Life, fp. Svo.
" Written with an eye to the w;iiits, dilliculties, and dangers of
students in the midst of their college-life; and in this point of
view curious and valuable." — Kitto's Journal of Sacred Lit.
Cairns, William, LL.D., Prof of Logic .and Belles-
Lettres in Belfast Coll. Mortil Freedom, Lou., 1844, Svo.
" This appears to be an able and popular work on metaphysics,
as far as metaphysics can be popular." — Ltm. ^prctatnr.
Cains, John, Poet Laureate to Edward IV., trans.
The History of the Siege of Rhodes.
Cains, Kaye, Keye, Key, or Cay, John, 1510-
1573, an eminent English physichan, was a ntttivc of Nor-
wich, and in 1539 was entered of Gonvil Hall, Cambridge,
to which he gtive a large sum to build a new (now known
as Caius) College. (See Biog. Brit.) Hippocratis de Me-
dicamentis, De Medendi Methodo, Ac, Basil, 1544, Svo.
Treatises on the Sweating Sickness, 1552, <ic. The best
description extant. He calls it a "contagious pestilential
fever of one day," and describes it as prevailing "with a
mighty slaughter, and the destruction of it as tremendous
as the plague of Athens." By request of Gesner, ho wrote
a treatise on British Dogs : be Canibus Britanuicis, Li-
berunus,Ac., 1570, (icSvo,) inserted entire in the British
Zoology of Pennant, who has followed his arrangement.
Of other works written by Cains, one of the principal is
De Antiquitate Cantabrigiensis Academiie, Libri duo. Adi-
unximus Apportionem Antiquitatis Oxoniensis Academia; :
ab Oxoniensi quodam, Lon., 156S, 12mo. The origin of
this work was as follows : Thomas Caius of Oxford had
written in 1566, a treati.se. Assertio antiquitatis Oxoniensis
Academiae, in which he affirmed that Oxford was the most
ancieut University, being fonnded by some Greek philoso-
phers, the companions of Brutus, and restored by King
Alfred in 870. It is said that Archbishop Parker sent a
copy of this treatise to John Cains of Cambridge, our au-
thor, and requested him to vindicate his University. It
was a labour of love with the valiant Cambridge man, who
wrote the above-named dissertation, which he pub. with the
Oxford champion's treatise. John Caius does not stop at
trifles, for so far is he from yielding the point, that he un-
dertakes to prove that Cambridge was foundeil by Cantaber,
397 years before Christ, and consequently was 1267 years
older than Oxford ! Thomas Caius, nothing daunted, wrote
a critique upon his adversary's arguments. We commend
this subject to antiquaries who now adorn the halls of Ox-
ford and Cambridge. John Caius pub. a list of his works
in De Libris Propriis, Liber nnus, 1570. He was one of
the best Grecians of his day.
Caius, Thomas, d. 1572, educated at, and Fellow of
All Souls' College, Oxford, afterwards Prebendary of Sarum,
and master of University College, has been noticed under
the preceding article. Assertio Antiquitatis Oxoniensis
Academiso, Lon., 1568, 12mo; 1574, 4to. Vindicia Anti-
quitatis Universitatis Oxoniensis, contra Joannem Caium
Cantabrigiensem. In lucem ex Autographo emisit, Tho.
Hearnius, Oxon., 1730, 2 vols. Svo. At the request of
Catherine Parr, he trans. Erasmus's paraphrase on St.
Mark, and ho also m.ade translations from Aristotle's de
Mirabilibus Mundi, and tho Tragedies of Euripides.
" An eminent I.,atinist, Crwian. pwt, and orator; excellent also
for all kinds of worth."— ^(Act. Oxm.
328
Calabrella, Baroness de. Double Oath ; a Novel,
Lon.. 3 vol.>. p. Svo. Land of Promise, sm. 4to, 1844,
Teri)]iter and Tempted, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1842. Prism of
Thought, p. Svo, 1843. Prism of Imagination, p. Svo, 1844.
".\ more m.afrnificent book for the drawing-room table it has
never been our lot to behold." — Lon. Oiurt Journal.
Evenings at Haddon Hall ; with engravings from de-
signs by George Cattermole, Esq., 1845, '49.
'■ 15y far the most elegant, the most splendid, and the most in-
trinsi.-ally valuable production of its class that has ever appeared.
Cattermole's designs ai'e perfect gems of art." — Loii. Kai'.al and
Mililnry Gmdle.
Calamy, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1686, son of Edmcni
Calamy, («/. V.) entered Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664,
'65, of which he became a Fellow, and was also tutor there;
Vicar of St. Lawrence, Jewry, with St. Magdalen, Milk
Street, annexed ; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 16S5. Sermons
pub. separately, 1663, '73, 'S2, '83, '84. Sermons, 16S7,
Svo. Sermons, 5th edit., 1712, Svo. 13 Sermons, 1726,
Svo. His celebrated Discourse about a Scrupulous Con-
science was preached in 1683, and pub. in 1684, fol.
" No piece of its kind or size gained more credit to its .author, or
was more taken notice of by the pul'lic."
Thomas De Laune wrote against it in such a manner as
to cause his imprisonment.
" As a divine. Benj;imin Calamy has been mentioned with high
approbation by Bishop Burnet, Archdeacon Kchard. Dean Sherlock,
who preached his funeral sermon, wherein he speaks of him iu the
highest terms, and Mr. Ciranger."
" ,\s a sermon writer he is characterized by constant good sense,
by sound judgment in the selection of his subjects, simplicity in
his plans, and ease, clearness, and purity of style. "^£r//ts/i Pulpit
Elf.qufnce.
Calamy, Edmund, 1600-1066, a native of London,
was admitted of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1616; made
Vicar of St. Mary's, in Swafiham Prior, Cambridgeshire,
which he resigned upon being appointed one of the lec-
turers of Bury St. Edmund's, Sufl'olk. Withdrawing from
the Fst.ablished Church, he was, in 1639, chosen minister
of St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, where he continued for
twenty years, attracting attention by his eloquence in the
puljiit. He was a warm advocate of the Restoration, and
Charles II. on his return offered him the Bishopric of
Lichfield and Coventry, which he declined. He afterwards
fell into disgrace with the government in consequence of
the freedom of his remarks. Calamy was one of the five
authors of Smectymnus, an answer to Bishop Hall's Di-
vine Right of Episcopacy. He pub. a number of sermons,
A'c, 1641-63. '^'indication of the Presbyterian Govern-
ment and Ministry, 1650. Jus Diviuum Ministerii Evange-
lici Anglicani, 1654.
" He was. though a very learned man, yet a plain and practical
preacher, and one who was not afraid to speak his sentiments freely
of and to the greatest men."
Calamy, Edmund, 1671-1732, grandson of the pre-
ceding, was sent to the University of Utrecht, 16S8; as-
sistant minister of a Nonconformist congregation. Black-
friars, London, ll'>92 ; pastor of a congregation at West-
minster, 1703. He pub. many sermons, Ac, 1683-1729.
Excercitationes Philosophicse, ic, Traj. ad Rhen., 1688,
4to. .^bridgt, of Baxter's Life and Times, Lon., 1702,
Svo; 1713-27, 4 vols. Svo; and Defence of Moderate Non-
conformity against Ollyft'e and Iloadly, 170.3-05, 3 vols.Svo.
"There were animadversions on Dr. Calamy besides those of
OllytTe and Iloadly ; but much useful informat'ion is to be gleaned
from Calamy. His own life, written by himself, has also been pub-
lished by J. T. Rutt, 2 vols. Svo. lS;iO." — Bickehstetu.
For a review of Calamy 's autobiography ride Brit. Critic,
vii. 295. Letter to Archdeacon Echard upon occasion of
his History of England, 1718. Svo. The In.spiration of
the Scriptures, 1710, Svo, in 14 sermons. Sermons con-
cerning the Doctrine of the Trinity, with a Vindication of
1 John v. 7, 1722, Svo.
" 'I'he discourses on the inspiration of the Scriptures are very
able, and defend those views of this important topic which are
generally held by the orthodox Dissenters. . . . Jlore light has
been thrown on the disputed passage iu 1 John v. 7. since Calamy
wrote; but his defence of it is tolerably good for the time." — Onn^i
Bib}. Bih.
The Life of Dr. Increase Mather, 1725, Svo. Noncon-
formist's Memoriiil ; abridged by Samuel Palmer, Lon.,
1778, 2 vols. Svo: 1802. 3 vols. Svo.
Calamy, James, d. 1714, brother of Benjamin Ca-
lamy, Prebendary of Exeter, pub. a dedication to hia
brother Benjamiu. Sermons.
Calbris, B. Guide to French, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Calcaskie, John. Trans, from Brentius of a theolog.
treatise. Lon., ] 550.
Calcott, John Wall. See Calicott.
Calcolt, Wellins. On Free Masonry. Lon. ,1769. 8vo.
Caldcleugh, Alexander. Travels iu South America,
1819, '20, '21, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo.
CAL
8vo; abo Biographical Notice by Dr. B. H. Coates before
Amer. Phil. .Soc.
Caldwell, Howard H., b. 1832, at Newberry, S.C.
Oliatta. and other Poems, N.Y.. 1855, 12mo. Pncms, Bost.,
1858, 12mo. See South. Lit. Mess., July, 1858.
Caldwell, Sir James. Political and Commercial
treatises, 1764, '65, '79. Affairs of Ireland, 1765, 2 vols.
8vo.
Caldwell, James Stamford. Laws of Arbitra-
tion, 1817. llcsults of Reading, 184.3, 8vo.
Caldwell, John. Sermon, Lon., 1577, 8vo.
Caldwell, Joseph. Fine Diuine Branches spring-
ing in the li.irdcn of Vcrtue, Lon., sine wino.
Caldwell, Thomas. A Select Collection of Ancient
and Jlodcru Ei>iiii|dis aud Inscriptions, 1796, 12mo.
Caldwell, \VilliamW.,b. 1823, Newburyport, Mass.;
grad. Bowdoin Coll., 1843; a poet, has pub. some trans-
lations from the (Jcrman.
Calef, Robert, d. 1719, a merchant of Boston, dis-
tingui.-hcd himself by opposing Cotton Mather and other
believers in witchcraft. The excellent iMather — for such
he truly was— pub. in 1692 The Wonders of the Invisible
I World, 4to. Mr. Calef thought proper to oppose the witch-
craft-theory, and answered this work in his More Wonders
of the Invisible World Displayed, 5 parts, Lon.. 1700; re-
printed at Salem in 1700. This publication excited great
indignation. Dr. Increase Mather, President of Harvard
College in 1700, ordered the book to be burned in the college-
yard," and the members of the Old North Church pub. a
defence of their pastors, the Mathers, entitled licmarks
upon a Scandalous Book, Ac, with the motto. Truth wiU
come off cnni|Ucror.
Calep, Ralph. Med. Con. to PhiL Trans., 1708.
Cales, Thomas. Voyages, &e.
Caley, John, 1763-1834, a learned antiquary, Secre-
tary to the National Record Commission during its conti-
nuance, 1801-31, was joint editor in 14 of the works un-
dertaken Ijy the Commissioners. He was also joint editor
with Dr. Bandinell and Sir Henry Ellis of a new edit, of
Dugdale's Monasticon. pub. in 54 parts, forming 8 vols,
folio, at £141 15s., 1817-30. He contributed several arti-
cles to the Archajologia, viz. : A Memoir of the Origin of
the Jews in England, vol. viii., 1787 ; Extract from a MS.
in the Augmentation OSBce, ix., 1789; A Valuation of
Corpus Christi Shrine at York, x., 1790; A Survey of the
Manor of Wymbledon, x., 1792.
Calf hill, or Calfill, James, 1530-1570, entered
King's College. Cambridge, 1545; Christ Chunh, Oxford,
1548; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1562; nominated by
Queen Elizabeth to the Bishopric of Worcester, 1570, but
died that year. Querela Oxoniensis Academicie ad Can-
tabrigiam," Lon., 1552, 4to. A Latin Poem. Historia de
Exhumationc Catherina;, ic, Lon., 1562, 8vo. An An-
swere to the Treatise of the Crosse, 1565, 4to.
'■ He was in bis younger days a noted poet and comedian, and
in his elder, an exact disputant, and bad an excellent faculty in
speaking aud preaching." — Allien. Oxon.
Calhoun, John Caldwell, 1782-1850, a distin-
guished American statesman, was born in Abbeville dis-
trict, South Carolina, on the 18th of March. During "a
period of forty ye.ars he rendered faithful services to the
Union in the various capacities of Representative. Secre-
tary of War, Vice-President, and Senator." Ho died at
Washington City on the 31st of March, 1850.
" Few men have been called upon to pass through scenes of
higher political excitement, and to encounter more vigoious and
unrelenting opposition than Mr. Calhoun; yet, amid all the pre-
judices which party feeling engenders, and all the jealousy of po-
litical rivals, and ail the animosity of political opponents, no one
has ever ventured to hazard his own reputation for judgment or
.sincerity so far as to doubt one moment his great and command-
ing talents."
Works, edited by Richard K. Cralle, New York, 1853-
54, &c., 6 vols. Svo.
We annex some notices of Mr. Calhoun's Essay on Go-
vernment, (vol. i. of his works,) to which he devoted the
careful attention of many of his leisure hours :
If we were called upon to select any one portion of the Trea-
i should be at great difficulty to separate,
where all is so closely connected. The history of parties in our
Union, the profound speculations on the dangers attending our
future destinies and their remedies, the account of the formation
of our Colonial Governments, and of our federative system, and
the demonstration that this is a federal, and not a national, go.
vernment. are alike admirable. No piece of reasoning can be more
conclusive than this vindication of the doctrine of State sove-
reignty. Every truth has more to fear from its half-way friends
than its avowed enemies. Few persons venture to deny that the
states are sovereign, but their federalism is hidden even to them-
selves, under the sophism of a divided sovereignty. They contend
his Autobiography, with Preface, Notes, Ac, PhUa., 1855, i that our system is partly federal and partly national, a^d imagine
CAL
"A work heavy and languid; but the author has added con-
siderably to our stock of informatinn concerning several parts of
South America."— /..on, Quarlrrh/ Nei-ieio.
Caldccott, R. M. The Life of Baber, Emperor of
Uindostan, Lon,, 1844, 8vo.
Caldccott, Thomas. Reports of Cases rclntrve to
the Duty and Office of a Ju.stice of the Peace, 1775-85,
Lon., 1786-1800, 4to ; 3 parts.
Calder, Frederick. Explanation, Ac. of Anth-
metic, Lon.. ]2mo. „, ., , „ --o,
Calder, Jas., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Calder, John, D.D., 1733-1815. a native of Aber-
deen, prcacliod for some time to a Dissenting congregation
near the Tower. Sermon, 1772, 8vo. Trans, of Le Cou-
rayer's Last Sentiments on Religion, 1787, 12mo. Notes
to'Nichols's edit, of the Tatler, 1786, 6 vols. 8vo. He was
not successful in an attempt to prepare for publication an
improved edit, of Chambers's Cydopsedia. The duty was
assigned to Dr. Abraham Recs. See Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes, Ac.
Calder, Robert, h. 1658, ordained about 1680, was
a minister of much note in the Episcopal Church of Soot-
land. He refused to acknowledge William and Mary,
and was deprived of his curacy. He suffered greatly from
persecution. In 1689 ho was imprisoned for eleven
months in the Edinburgh jail for exercising his ministe-
rial functions. Among his publications are. The Divine
Right of Episcopacy. Edin., 1705. 8vo. The Lawfulness
and Expediency of Set Forms of Pr.ayer, 1706, Svo. Mis-
cellany Numbers, 1713, Svo. This was a weekly sheet m
defence of Episcopacy, the Liturgy, Ac. His comparison
between the Kirk and the Church of Scotland. 1712. was
rcpub., Lon., 1841, 12mo. with a preface by Thomas Ste-
phens. His work on the Priesthood, now very scarce, has
been highly commended.
Calder'on de La Harca, Madame Frances, a
native of Scotland, was a Miss Inglis. In 1838 she was
married to his Excellency Don Calderon do la Barca,
Spanish minister to the United States and subsctpiently to
Mexico. She has pub. a work entitled Life in Mexico;
with a preface by W. H. Prcscott, the historian, 1843,
which has been most favouriibly received.
'■ Madame Calderon's book ha.s all the natural liveliness and
tact, and readiness of remark, which are sure to distinguish the
first production of a clever woman. ... A more genuine book, in
air. as well as reality, it would be difficult to find." — Edin. Jt'eii.nv.
" Here the wife of a Spanish Ambassador permits the publica-
tion of journals written in a land hitherto unvisited by any one
gifted with so keen an eye and so plea.sant a pen," — Lwi. AUientrum,
Calderwood, David, 1575-1651 ? an eminent Scotch
divine and Church historian; minister of Cniilling, near
Jedburgh. 1604: deprived, for opposition to Episcopacy,
1617; returned home from a visit to Holland, 1625, Ho
pub. several treatises, but is best known by his History of
the Church of Scotland. 1560-1625, 1678. fol. This is a
mere abridgment from the author's MS. History, which
was given to the world by the Wodrow Society, 8 vols.
Svo, 1842-49.
" In high esteem with the men of its author's principles."—
Bishop Nicolson.
'- The history in fiivour of Presbyterianism." — Bickebsteth.
" Written in a way. both with respect to the spirit and style of
it, which renders it very unpleasant in the perusal." — Bir>g. Brit.
Altare D.amascenum, 1621, '23, 4to ; in English, 1621,
12mo, under the title of the Altar of Damascus, or the
Pattern of the English Hierarchy and Church obtruded
upon the Church of Scotland.
Calderwood, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1784.
Caldwall, or Chaldwell, Richard, M.D., 1513?-
1585, was a Fellow of Brazenose College. Oxford, and in
1570 elected President of the College of Physicians. The
Tables of Surgery, trans, from H. Moro, a Florentine phy-
sician, Lon.. 1585.
Caldwell, Andrew, 1752-1808. Public Buildings
of Dublin, 1770.
" Very judicious observations."
Escape of James Stewart from some Turks, Lon., 1804,
fol. ; privately printed.
Caldwell, Charles, M.D.. 1772-1853, a learned phy- | tise'for quotat
Bician of Philadelphia. In 1795 he trans. Blumenbaeh's
Elements of Physiology, Medical and Physical Memoirs;
containing, among other sulyecfs, a Particular Inquiry
into the Nature of the Pestilential Epidemics of the United
States, Lon., 1801, 8vo. In 1S14 he succeeded Nicholas
Biddle as editor of the Port Folio. In 1816, edited Cullen's
Practice of Physic. Life and Campaigns of General
Greene, 1819. His pulilished writings and translations
from l'r94 to 1851 amount to upwards of 200 articles. See
CAL
CAL
that both the several States and the Union are sovereipn. To ex-
pose this fallacy it is nei't-ssary to have a just conception of sove-
reit;nty. Mr. Calboun's philosophical habits of thought kept this
ever present to his mind. . . . Our free quotations Lave affoided
to the reader some opportunity of judi^iu^^ of Mr. Calhoun's style.
It has mme of that curious fdiciti/ which makes some books plea-
sant leading, apart from the value of the ideas. There is less of
that magnificent imagery which adorns Burke's thoughts, without
encumbi;ring them, and illuminates the reason with the splendour
of the imagination ; though occasionally images of great brilliancy
flash, with meteor-like swiftness, across the path of Calhoun's dis-
course. The rhythm of his style seems rugged, when read in an
ordinary tone; but give it the earnest emphasis which marked
his mannerof speaking, and its march beats time to its meaning."
— Sinithern Quarterly lieview, vol. vii., New Series. JiTS. April. 1S53.
"Wo return to this volume, however, only for the purpose of
taking leave of it with an expression of sincere respect for the
fi-ankness and ability with which it is written, and for the honesty
of the author's purposes, however we may dissent from many of
his opinions." — N<jrth Amer. Review, vol. Ixxvi. 607, April. 1853.
"The elo<|uence of Mr. Calhoun, or the manner iu which he ex-
hibitt^ his sentiments in public bodies, was part of his intellec-
tual character. It grew out of the qualitiis ••t bis mind. It was
plain, strong, t^rse, condensed, concise; SMiiirliriU'S impassioned,
still always severe. Rejecting ornami'nf. not often seeking far for
illustrations, his power consisted in the plainness of his proposi-
tions, in the closeness of his logic, and in the earnestness and
energy of his manner." — Hon. Daniel Wedster; Sp'-ech in (he
Senate of the Uniied Stutes, on the day when the death of Mr. Gxl-
houn was announced.
See Life of John C. Calhoun, with Selections from his
Speeches and State Papers, by John S. Jenkiiii^, Aub., 12mu.
Callaghan, Dr. Vimliciaj Catholicorum lliberuia?,
Paris, 1650, 12mo.
Call, Daniel. Reports of Cases adjuflo;ed in the
Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1790-1818; 2d edit., by
Joseph Tnte, Richmond, 1824-33, 6 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Call's style of reporting is quite inartificial. His state-
ments of facts are long, overloaded, and pei-jjlexed. His marginal
notes of abstracts are confused, and often do not present the points
distinctly; and his index, or table of matters, is defective in ar-
Bftngement." — Avirrican Jurist.
Callam, James. Account of a Voyage from the
Cape of Good Hope to Botany Bay, 1789, 8vo.
Callauan, James Joseph, Irish poet, b. at Cork,
1795, d. at Lisbon, 1S2'J, partly educated at Maynuotb
College for the Roman Catholic priesthood. Ho subsequently
entered Trinity College, Dublin, with a view of becoming
a barrister, and there produced two Prize Poems, — one on
the Accession of George IV., the other on the Restoration
Toy Alexander the Great of the Spoils of Athens. Suddenly
abandoning the Uuivensity and the study of the law, the
remainder of his life in Ireland was spent iu the duties of
tutorship, partly in private families and partly in the
school kept at Cork by the celebrated Dr. William Maginn.
Encouraged by this great scholar, Callanan translated a
series of six Irish Popular vSoug.s, which appeared in 1823
in vol. xiii. of Blackwood's Magazine. Between this time
and 1827, when he quitted Ireland for Lisbon, Callanan
wrote numerous poems, of which the most ambitious was
"The Recluse of Inchidony," in the Spenserian stanza. His
most successful pieces were lyrical. The best are "The
Virgin Mary's Bank," and the spirited ballad-ode called
"Gouzane Barra," commencing
" There is a green island in lone Gouzane Barra,
Where Allna of songs rushes forth as an arrow," —
the most perfect, perhaps, »>' all Irish minor poems in the
melody of its rhythm, the flow of its language, and the
■weird force of its expression. Mr. Callanan died as be was
about returning to Ireland. A small 12mo volume of his
Poems was published at Cork almost simultaneously with
his death. A new edition, with a Memoir, — chiefly an ex-
pansion of an article in Bolster's Quarterly Magazine of
Ireland, — appeared in 1847, and a 3d editicm, edited by M,
F. McCarthy, author of the Memoir, was issued in 1848.
Callander, Jas. Military Maxims, Lon., 1782, 12mo.
Callander, John, d. 1789, a Scotch Lawyer, Fellow
and Secretary for Foreign Correspondence of the Society
of Scottish Antiquaries, presented this body with 5 vols.
folio, of his MS. works, and annotations upon Milton's
Paradise Lost in 9 vols, folio! What an opportunity for
some editor of the British Homer ! Two Ancient Scottish
Poems: the Gaberlunzie Man and Christ's Kirk on the
Green, with Notes and Observations, Edin., 1782, 8vo.
"The deficiencies of Callander as an editor are amply compen-
sated by his uncommon erudition as a philologist."
An Essay towards a literal version of the New Testa-
ment in the Epietle to the Ephesians, Glasg., 1779.
" This is a very curious specimen of literal rendering, in which
the order of the Greek words is rigidly followed, and the English
idiom entirely abandoned, to the utter destruction of the elegance
and meaning of the original. . . . The curiosity of the work is
that the notes are in Greek; a proof, certainly, of Mr. Callander's
dearning, but not of his wisdom." — Ornu's Bibl. Bib,
Callander, John, Terra Australis Cognita, or
Voy-;i^;;es to the Southern Hemisphere during the 16th,
17th, and 18th centuries, Edin., 1766-68, 3 vols. 8vo.
Callaway, John, ten years a Missionary at Ceylon.
Oriental Oti^ervations and Occasional Criticisms, more or
less ilhistrating several hundred passages of Scripture,
Lon.. 1S27, 12mo.
"This little and unassuming volume contains many valuable
elucidali'ins of the sacred volume which will be sought in vain in
some of its more voluminous predecessors." — Horne.
"The notes are. for the most part, brief; and when suggested
by thi' author's personal observations, interesting, and to the pui-
pose." — I^m. Eclectic Rfixnrw.
Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, R.A., 1779-1814
Illustrations of the Chapel of the Annunziato dell'Arena,
or Giotto's Chapel, in Padua, consisting of fine wood-
engravings of paintings by the celebrated Giotto, with
descriptions by Lady Callcott. imperial 4to, 1845.
"This work was published by Sir A. Callcott to preserve a me*
morial nf tliese int^uesting fresco paintings, executed in 1300 and
now i;ijjiilly iii'risliing. 'It may assist persons,' he saya, 'in re-
calling tlie ailiiiiration with which they cannot fail to have con-
templated this monument of one of the greatest geniuses of an
age fertile in great men.' "
Callcott, John Wall, 1766-1821, Musical Doctor,
brother of the preceding. Musical Grammar, 1SU6, '09,
8vo. Keyed Instruments, 1807. He left many MS. volumes
intended as materials for a comprehensive Musical Dic-
tionary. His Musical Grammar is much esteemed. It
is to be deeply regretted that he did not complete his Dic-
tionary. Are we not in want of such a guide? and who
shall furnish it?
Callcott, Maria, Lady, 1788-1843, a daughter of
Rear-Admiral George Dundas, was married first to Cap-
tain Thomas Graham, R. N., and after his decease became
the wife of Mr. {afterwards Sir Augustus) Callcott. Lady
Callcottsaw much of the world in her extensive peregri-
nations in India, South America, Italy, Spain, &c. Travels
in India, 1812. Three RLtnths in the Environs of Rome,
1S19, 1820. Memoirs of the Life of Poussin, 1820. His-
toirc de P"rance, 18mo. History of Spain, 1828. Essays
tnwards the History of Painting. 1S36. Other works. Her
last work was A Scripture Herbal, with upwards of 120
Wood Engravings, 1842, c. 8vo.
'• Kxecuted in a very meritorious and interesting manner. . . .
The Book is altogether An Kxcellent Bible Companion; we can
bestow no higher praise." — Lim. Literary Gazette.
Lady Callcott devoted the last two j-ears of her life to
drawing the specimens of the plants, and collecting the
best works on Botany to furnish materials for this valu-
able work.
Callcott, Maria Hutchins. Rome amongst Stran-
gers; a Tale, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. fp. Svo.
" A very simple yet graceful story. There is much variety in
the story, and the sketches of character are exceedingly good." —
Lon. Church ftnd State Gasettt:
Callender, James T., drowned at Richmond, Vir-
ginia, 1803, was an exile for the following pamphlet, The
Political Progress of Britain, itc, Edin., 1792, "Oo, Svo.
Ptditical Register, or Proceedings in Congress, Nov. 3,
1794, to March 3. 1795, vol. 1, 2 parts, Phila., 1795, Svo.
Sketches of the History of America, 1798. He was at one
time a friend, afterwards a violent opponent, of Thomas
Jefferson. Soe JeSersou's Letters; Col. Cent., July 30,
1803: Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Callender, John, of R. Island. Serms., 1739, '45.
Callicot, Theophilus Carey, b. 1826, in Cornwall,
England. His parents settled iu Fairfax co., Va., in his
childhood. Grad. Delaware Coll. ; studied law under Judge
Storrs at the Yale Law School, and was admitted to the
bar in N.Y. City in 1847. His pen has been employed
chiefly iu contributing literary, political, and legal articles
to the newspapers, magazines, and law-journals, and in
editing tbe works of others for the press. Histoire du
; Canada; from the French of Abb6 Brasseurde Bourbourg
j M. S. Lemoine's Etudes <in the Tragedies of Shakspeare,
I pub. N.Y. Musical World. 18o2. Handbook of Universal
Geography, N.Y., 1853, 12mo; new e<l., revised, 1856.
Callis, Robert. Tbe Case and Arguments against
Sir Ignoramus, Lou., 1648, 4to. Reading upon the Sta-
tute of Sewers, 1647, '85, 'S(S, 1710; 5th and best edit.,
with the Notes of Mr. Serg. Hill, by W. J. Broderip,
Lon., 1824.
Caiman, E. S, Description of the E.arthquako in
Syria. Lon.. 1837, Svo. Errors of Modern Judaism, Lon.,
1840, 12mo.
Calthrop, Charles. The Relation between a Lord
of a Manor and a Copyholder, Lon., 1635, 4to.
" It is a legal production of very considerable value in the opi-
nion of qualified judges."
CAL
CAM
Calthrop, Sir Harry. Liberties, Usapes, and Cus-
toms of the City of Loudon, 1612, 4to ; and in the Soiners
Collection of Tracts. It is a sort of alphabetical index to
the Liher Albue. Reports of Cases rcl. to City of London,
1655, 70, 12rao.
'* Prettily reported, and well worth reading."
Calthrop, John. Sermon, 1759, Svo.
Calthrop, John. Sermons, Lon., 1S39, 2 vols. 8vo.
Calver, Ktlward. Passion and Discretion of Youth
and Ase, Lon., 1041, 4to. England's Sad Pastime, 1644,
Svo. Royal Visions, 1648, 4to. Zion's Thankful Echoes,
1649. 4to.*
Calverly, William. Dyalocrue betwene the Playn-
tife and the Defendaunt : cnmpyled whyles he was Prisoner
in the Towre of LmikIou, 4to.
Calvert, Cecilins, Lord Baltimore, Proprietor
of Maryland, son of the founder. The Case of Lord Balti-
more concerning the Province of Maryland, adjoining to
Virginia, Lon., 165.3, 4to : for an account of this publica-
tion and the rejoinder thereto, see Park's Walpole's R. &
N. Authors, v. 177.
Calvert, Frederick, Lord Baltimore, Pro-
prietor of Maryland, 1731-1771. eldest son of Charle?. 6th
Lord Baltimore, died at Naples, leaving his property to
his 8on Henry Harford. A Tour to the East in 1763-64,
Lon.. 1767, 12mo. Gaudia Poetica. Latina. Anglica, et
Gallica Lingua coniposita, 1769. Augusta; Litteris Spa-
thianis, 1770; very rare; sold at Reed's sale for £6 10s.
Cadestes ct Inferni, Venitiis, 1771, 4to ; also rare.
'•Lord Baltimore's travels deserved no more to lie published
tl]:m bis bills on the road for postrhorses ; but they prove that a
man may travel without observation, and be an author without
ideas." — IIOKACE Walpole.
Calvert, Frederick. A Treatise upon the Law re-
specting Parties to Suits in Equity, Lon., 1837, Svo.
"It exhibits no acquaintance either with practice of Equity
drawing, or the modes of reasoning which a knowledge of its
principles would suggest." — 1 Jurist, 13S.
Ohservations on Proceedings in Ecjuity as to Joint Stock
Companies, with suggestions, Lon., 1S42. Svo.
'■ A brief and able pamphlet upon a subject of acknowledged
difficulty." — 5 Jia-ist, ls6.
Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, 15S2P-1632,
fiiunder of the Province of Maryland, M. P. for Oxford,
and Privy Counsellor to James L 1. Carmen Funebre in
D. Hen. Utonum ad Gallos his Legatum, ibique nuper fato
Functum. Oxon., 1596, 4to. 2. Speeches in Parliament.
3. Various letters of State. 4. The Answer of Tom Toll-
Truth. 5. The Practice of Princes. 6. The Lamentation
of the Kirk, 1642. 4to.
Respecting this worthy nobleman, and the early history
of Maryland, sec Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Pai'k's Wal-
pole's R. & N. Authors; Allen's Anicr. Biog. Diet.
Calvert, George Henry, a great-grandson of Lord
Baltimore, was h. iu Prince George's county, Maryland,
Jan. 2, 1803. 1. Illustrations of Phrenology, Bait., IS32,
2. A Volume from the Life of Herbert Barclay. Bait., 1S35.
3. Schiller's Don Carlos, translated. Bait., 1S36. 4. Count
Julian; a Tragedy, Bait., 1840. 5. Cabiro; Two Cantos,
Bait, 1840. 6. Correspondence between Schiller and
Goethe, translated, N.Y., 1845. 7. Scenes and Thoughts
in Europe, 1st Series, N. York, 1846; 2d Series, N. York,
1S52.
"Tliis i^a bonk after our own heart, — fresh, animated, vigorous,
and iii.Kj.rri^i.iit."— N. P. Waus.
AIs'. highly commended by H. T. Tuckerman.
8. Poems. Bost., 1847. 9. Oration ou the Fortieth Anni-
versary of the Battle of Lake Erie, delivered at Newport,
R.L, Sept. 1853, Camh., 1853, 8vo. A valuable contribu-
tion. See Duyckiucks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. 10. Comedies,
Bost., 1856. 12mo. 11. Social Science; a Discourse, in
3 Parts, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Also contributed many valu-
al)le articles to the North American and other Reviews.
" Mr. Calvert is a scholar of refined tastes and su.sceptibililies,
educat<?d in the school of Goethe, whn li»oUs upon the world, at
home and abroad, in the light not merely of genial and ingenious
reflection, but with an eye of philosophical practical improve-
ment."— Library World.
Calvert, James, d. 1698, a Nonconformist divine,
educated at Clare Hall, Camliridgc, a native of York, pub.
a work on the Ten Tribes : Naphtliali, seu CoUectatio Theo-
logica, do reditu decem trihuum, couversione, et mensibus
Ezekielis. Lon.. 1672, 4to.
Calvert, John. The Psalter and Canticles in the
Morning and Evening Services of the Church of England,
Lon., 1844. Anthems, 1844.
"Mr. Calvert's manual, with appropriate prefatory remarks, is a
further acquisition to those who delight in chanting."— C/turc/t
Calvert, Sir Pet. Speech rel. to Mrs. Inglefield, 1781.
Calvert, Robert, M.D. Reflections on Fever, Lon.,
1815. Svo. Treatise ou Hiomorrhoidcs, 8vo.
Calvert, Thomas, ir.06-1679, uncle of James Cal-
vert, and Vicar of Trinity, York. Mel Cadi, on Isaiah
liii. 1657, 4to. The Blessed Jew of Morocco. 1048, 8vo.
Three Sermons, 1660. Heart Salve for a Wounded Soul,
Ac, ir)75, 12mo.
Cam, Joseph, M.D. Med. treatises, 1729, '31, Svo.
Cam, T, C, surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805.
Cambden, John. Funeral serm., 1714, Svo.
Cambel, Lord of Lome. Speech, Lon., 1641, foL
Cambreiisis. See Barhv, Oirald.
Cambridge, Richard Owen, 1717-1802, wns en-
tered a gentleman commoner of St. Juhn's College, Oxford,
in 1734; became a member of Lincoln's Inn, 17.'^'7. and in
1741 was married to Miss Trenchard. About 1750 he re-
moved to Twickenham, where he resided in his bcnntiful
villa for_ the remainder of his life. The Seribleriad : an
heroic Poem, in six books, Lon., 1751, 4to. The parodies
in this poem upon well-known passages of Virgil and other
classical poets have been much admired. False taste and
pretended science are freely exposed.
The Dialogue between a Member of Parliament and his
Servant, 1752. The Intruder: a Poem, 1754, 4to. War
in India between the English and French in the Curoman-
del, 1750, '60, '61, 4to.
" Valuahle for its accuracy and authenticity." — Lowndks.
This was intended to have been continued on an exten-
sive scale, partly by means of Mr. Orme's papers, but the
project was abandoned iu consequence of Mr. Orme's pre-
paration of his valuable History, pub. 176."i-78, 3 vols. 4to.
Mr. Cambridge wrote 21 of the best papery in the periodi-
cal called The World. AVorks, [excepting the War in In-
dia.] with Life and Character, by his son the Rev. George
Owen Cambridge, 1S03, 4to. Mr. Cambridge entertained
the literary stars of his day at his hospitable villa at
Twickenham.
Camden, Lord, Arguments of, Lon., 1776, 4to; and
see Supplement vol. of Ilargrave's State Trials.
Camdeu, William, 1551-1623, " The British Pau-
sanias," was a native of London, a son of Sampson Cam-
den, a house-painter, who had removed from Lichfield to
the metropolis. His mother was of the ancient family of
the Curweus of Workington, in Cumberland. He received
the rudiments of education in Christ's Hospitiil and St.
Paul's school, and in his 15th year was admitted a servitor
in Magdalen College, Oxford. Failing to obtain a dcmi's
jdace here, he removed to Broadgate's Hall, now Pembroke
Ccdlege. He was unsuccessful as a candidate for a Fel-
lowship iu All Souls* College, and in 1570 failed in ob-
taining the degree of A.B. This, however, was conferred
upon him in 1573. In 1575 he was appointed second mas-
tor of Westminster school, and in 1593 was advanced to
the post of head master. From the troublesome, though
honounible, duties pertaining to this office he was relieved
in 1507, when, by the interest of Sir Fulke Greville, he
was appointed to the office of Clarencieux King-at-Arms,
He was now enabled to pursue those antiquarian pursuits —
by extensive peregrination through England and diligent
study of records — the results of which have conferred so
much celebrity upon his name. After ten years of inde-
fatigable industry he pub. 1586, in Latin, 8vo, the first
edition of the Britannia. The title retained in all the
editions was as follows: Britannia, sive Florenlissimorum
Regnorum Anglian, Scotia3. Hibernian, et Insulatum adja-
ccntium, ex intima Antiquitate, Chorographica Deseriptio,
2d edit.. 1587, 13mo; 3d. 1590; 4th. 1594, 4to : 5th, 1600;
6th and last edit., corrected by the author. 1607, fob ; the
1st edit, with Maps. As the work passed from one edition
to another, enlargements, corrections, and improvements
were made. The 4th edit., 1594. was attacked by Ralph
Brooke, who was answered in the Apology to the Render in
the 5th edit. Brooke again took up the cudgels ; — I'ut of
this controversy we have already treated under Ralph
Brooke. In 1610 the Britannia was trans, by Philemon
Holland, who is supposed to have consulted the author,
which impression confers great credit upon this version.
The best edit, is that of 1637. fol. In 1695 Bishop Gibson
trans. The Britannia into English, with large additi(-ns at
the end of each countj' and Holland's most material notes
at the bottom of each page. The names of Bishop Gib-
son's coadjutors in this labour will be found in the Censura
Literaria. This trans, was reprinted in 1753, 2 vols, fol.,
and again in 1772, 2 vols, fol., with some corrections and
improvements from his lordship's MS. in his own copy.
A first vol. of a trans, by William Oldys was printed in
4to, but Mr. Gough thinks was never finished nor dated.
The last and most complete trans, of this great work waa
CAM
pub. in 1789, (enlarged,) .S vols, fol., by Richard Gougb,
an antiquary of great learning. Mr. Gougli superintended
the first vol. of a new edit., but in 1806 declined proceed-
ing with his labours. He announced this determination
to the papers, that no improper use might be made of his
name. The work, however, was completed in 4 vols, fol.,
1806, and is sold for about the same price as the other im-
pression, say £7. Dr. Bliss suggests that the University
of Oxford,to which Gough bequeathed his collections re-
lating to British Topography, should pub. a new edit, of
the ijritannia. Liriza3us pub. a Latin abridgment of the
ori!;inal work, 1617, 12mo; 2d edit., 1639, 12mo; Amst.,
1648, fol. An edit, by Blcau in French, with maps en-
graved by Speed, was pub,, Amst, 1662, fol. An abridgt.
of the original by Charles Bbu-kwell appeared, Lon., 1701,
2 vols. Svo; with addits., 1728, 2 vols. fol.
The value of the Britannia can hardly be over-rated :
"The ylory of this .inet-n's vA];n, as well as her successor's, and
the prince of our En'.;lish :inti-iuaries, was Mr. Cimden. who,SB life
has been written at lai;;e l.v Dr. Smith, Mr. Wood, and Dr. Gibson.
So that I need not hire mention any of its particulars. His Bri-
tannia is the book which chiefly respects the subject of this chap-
ter- and may honestly be stiled the common sun. whereat our
modern writers have all li-hted their little torches."— BlsuOP Nl-
OOLSOM ; English Hid. Library, chap. i.
The work, even in its first and imperfect edition, was
declared to be " an honour to its author, and the glory of
his country." He was encouraged by that which was of
more v.alue than mere public commendation — the applause
of the learned in matters of antiquarian research. We
give a specimen :
"I thank you most heartily, (rood Mr. Camden, for the use of
these books of yours, since they deliver many thinRS that are not. so
iiir as I do know, elsewhere to be had. and the s^ime no less barnedly
picked out than delicately uttered and written."— i.;«er from
WiUiam Lambard. the famous Kentish anliquari/.July 9, 1585.
" Ilearne in one of his MS. Diaries in the Bodleian, (vol. Ixv. pp.
115, IIG.) says, -There is in the Ashmolean Museum amnngst Mr.
Ashmoles books, a very fair folio Manuscript, handsomely bound,
containing an English translation of Mr, Camden's Jij-itannia by
Kichard KnoUes. the Siimc that writ the History of the Turks.
This hook was found lock-.A up in a box, in Mr. Camden's study.
after his death, Mr. Camden set a prreat value upon it, I suppose
it was presented by the author to Mr. Camden.' This volume is
now the MS. .^shmole, .S49."
■We quote an account of a most desirable copy adver-
tised lately by Mr. Geo. 'Willis, London :
Camdeii's ISritannia, translated and enlarged by Gough
and Nichols. Last edition, illustrated with about 3000
additional portraits, engravings, maps, ic, in 15 vols,
royal folio, uncut. £16 16«., 1806.
" .\ valualile and very extensive collection of Portraits and Plates,
to illustrate this work" collected from the antiquarian puhlications
of Pennant, J. T, Smith. S, R. Meyrick, A'iews of Antiquities. Ca.s-
tles. Abbeys. Churches. Ac. by Sandby. Storer, Grei!;. Allom, 4c,
Portraits by Yertue, Lombert, Lely, (indudinj; Uichardson's Col-
lection.) Cuttings and Selections from topographical and historical
works, &c."
In 1697 he pub. his Greek Grammar for the use of ■West-
minster school, which when D. Smith pub. his life, in 1691,
had gone through forty impressions. It was superseded
at Westminster about 1650, by Busby's Grammar. lu
1600 he gave to the world a description of the monuments
in Westminster Alil>ey — Reges Beginae Nobiles, etc. ; re-
printed with additions in 1603 and 1606, 4to. In 1603
appeared his collection of Historians — Asser, Walsingham,
De la More, Cambrensis, Ac, Franck., fol. From these
writers he had intended to compile a civil history of Great
Britain, but abandoned the project. The article " Nor-
man" is a part of the proposed work. In 1605 he pub.
Remaines of a greater work concerning Britain, Ac, fob;
and 1614, 1627, 1629, 1635, 4to ; 6th edit, enlarged by Sir
John Phillpot and W. D., 1637, 4to ; 7th edit., 1674, Svo.
This is a collection of fragments illustrative of the habits,
manners, and customs of the ancient Britons and Saxons.
At the desire of James I. he drew up, in Latin, an account
of the Gunpowder plot, — Actio in Henricum Garnetum
Societatis Jesuitica:, etc., 1607, 4to.
'■ Performed with creat accuracy, elegance, and spirit."
It was immediately condemned by the Inquisition. His
attached friend and patron. Lord Burleigh, had in 1597, a
year before his death, urged Camden to compile a history
of the reign of Elizabeth. His lordship had carefully
noted the events and actors of the time, and his informa-
tion and literary records were of invaluable assistance to
the historian. C.amdcn completed the first part of his task,
extending to 1589, in 1615, when it was pulj. under the
title of Annates rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum rcg-
nante Elizabctha ad an.salutis. 1589, fob AVe can readily
imagine the difficulty under which a historian Laboured
who could only publish his MS. after inspection by one
occupying the position to Mary of Scotland and Elizabeth
330
CAM
of England -which was held by James I. The royal war-
rant- for the publication of part first empowered Camden
to publish " so much of the History of England in Latin
as we have perused," &c. ^. .
•' «ome ol.iuctious were made with respect to the account he has
riven of the uutortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, as if he had been
Viassi-d therein, from a complaisance for her son, who was his
sovereign: but there does not appear any just ground fcr these
suggestions : much less for what has been asserted, that his work
wa's altered or castrated, and that it did not appear to the world
as it fell originally from his pen,"— J3i(>9, llril.
However innocent Camden may have felt of cause for
any just censure, he doubtless was conscious that he was
placed in a position which no historian should occupy ;
and that he had erred in publishing his work under such
circumstances. He intrusted a copy of the original Mb.
of the second portion to his friend Mr. Dupuy, who was
ordered to puldish it after the historian's decease. The
trust was discharged. It was first printed at Leyden,
1625, Svo ; and again at London, 1627, fol. ; Leyden, 1639,
8vo; an English trans, by Thomas Brown, Lon., 1628,
4to- in English, 16.'!5. fob; Latin, Lugd. Bat., 1639, Svo;
London, 1675, fol. ; the same, Amst., 1677, Svo; in Eng-
lish, Lon., 1688, fob; best edit., by Hearne, from Dr.
Smith's copy, corrected by Camden's own hand, collated
with a MS. in Rawlinson's library, Oxf., 1717, 3 vols. Svo;
and see Kennet's Collection, ii., 1706.
" The method is clear and plain, judiciously laid down, and
constantly pursued, with equal .accuracy, skill, and attention.
The style' is grave, and suited to the majesty of the history, never
sweliiiig into a false sublime, or sinking even in the relation of
the smallest circumstances, but even and elegant throughout,
free fiom any mixture of .affectation, and from a vain and needless
ostentation of learning : no way deficient in necessai-.y circum-
stances, never loaded with tedious or trilling particularities, but
iroceeding in so just and equal a manner that the attention of
the reader is continually retained, and never embarrassed by any
ambiguity or doubtfulness of expression."— B!r«. ,Bi-i(.
" A most exquisite history."— Bisuop ^ICOl.so^l : Ergluh Hist.
'•■'ftimden's Annals of Elizabeth and Bacon's Hist, of Henry
Til are the only two Lives of the Sovereigns of England which
come up to the diguity of the subject, either in fulness of matter
or be-aufy of composition." — Selden.
The reader will be pleased to know the opinion of Mr.
Hume ; . ^ .
•■ Camden's History of Queen ElizJibeth may be esteemed goocl
composition, both for style and matter. It is written with simpli-
citv of expression very rare in that age, and with a regard to
truth It would not, perhaps, he too much to atTirm that it is
among the best historical productions which have yet been com-
posed by any Englishman
u„.,.^ ,., ...., -..,. It is well known that the English
have not much excelled in that kind of literature."— Hrsf. nf Eng.
Dr. Robertson protests against Camden's version of
Scottish aflrairs under Queen Mary as more inaccurate than
any which has come down to us. Doubtless the historian
was placed in circumstances calculated to cause him to fa-
vour the character of Elizabeth. Annales Jacohi Reges,
1603-23. Lon., 1691, 4to ; in English, see Kennet's Collec-
tion. Epistola cum Appendice varii argnmenti, Lon.,
1691, 4to. Description of Scotland. Edin., 1695, Svo.
Antiquities and Ofiice of Herald in England, Oxf., 1720,
Svo. Ipsius et iUustrium Virorum, Ac, Lon., 1691, 4to.
Camden also wrote some poems, epitaphs, .and antiquarian
essays. Vide Hearne's Collection, Ac The name of
Camden is, undoubtedly, one of the most distinguished
which adorns the English annals.
"The hi"h reputation bis writings acquired him an^ongst fo-
reigners, is'^ at the same time, a trihute to his merit, and to tha
glory of this nation, which owes to few of her worthies In the Ke-
puhiic of Letters more th.an to him. whose fame extended through-
out Europe, and yet escaped the rage of critics wherever it came.
This was certainly owing, in a great measure, to the sweetness and
candour of his temper, which so qualified his learning, that in
foreign nati<ms all were ready to commend, and none cared to dis-
pute with him," — Biog. Brit. , . , . ..
" In his writings he was amdid and modest, in his conversation
ea«v and innocent, and in his whole life even and exemplary."—
Bishop Oipson. See Life in Gough's Camden; Biog. Brit.; Life
by Smith; Athen. Oxon,
Camcll, Robert. Three Serms., 1726, Svo.
Camell, Thomas. 1. Rcoindre to Churchyarde.
2. Answer to Goodman Chappel's Supplication, tinr anno.
" These are two short poems, in an odd kind of metre, and uu-
"cVmel'ii, G. J., D.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698,
1703, '04 ; on natural history, medicine, and botany.
Canierariiis, DavitI, Prcsliyteri Scoti. De Statu
honiinis veteris, Ac, Ciitalauni, 1627, 4to.
Camerariiis, Gul. Select.-e Disputationes Philoso-
phictc, Paris, 1630. Antiquitatis de novitatc victorise.
Fast,,' 1635, 4to. Scoticanse Ecclesise infantia, Paris,
1643, 4 to. ,„ . ,.
Canicrarius, Ja. De Scotorum Fortitudino, Ac.,
Paris, 1631, 4to. Vide Bp. Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Library.
Cameron, Mrs., has pub. seventeen different works,
anuniljLT ot which are iatcndeit fur the henelit of children.
Addresses to Children on the Beatitudes, ISmo. Marten
and his Scholars, ISmo. Fruits of Education, ]2mo.
En^'lishwomeu. Lon., 1841, 12mo. The Farmer's Daugh-
ter, 1S43, 12mo.
"We welcome in this little Tolnme a valuable addition to the
excellent series of Tale* for the People and tbt-ir Children. The
story conveys high moml truths in a most attmctive form." —
Hunt's Magazine,
Cameron, Alexander. Letter to Rev. Dr. Smith,
on his Life of St. C'duiulia, 179S, Svo.
Cameron, C. R. Theolo^cical treatises, 1?09, '10.
Cameron, Charles. Baths of the Romans, Lon.,
1772, iinji. foL. with phites. A splendid work.
Cameron, Duncan, and Wm, Norwood. North
Carolina Cimference Court Cases, Raleii^h, 1805, Svo; 2d
ed.. with Taylor's X. Carolina Reports, with Xotes and
References, Ity Wm. Battle, Kaleish, 1844, Svo.
Cameron, Ewin. Ftngalof Ossianiu verse. 1777, 4to.
Cameron, Lieut. Col. G. Poulett, C.B., K.T.8.
Adventures in Georgia, Circassia, and Russia, Lon., 1S45,
2 vols. p. Svo.
"In the agreeable shape of a narrative of personal adventure,
Colonel Cameron has given an extremely entertaininir account of
his residence amonix the Don Cossacks, the inhabitants of the Cau-
casus, and of his travels in various portions of the Russian domi-
nions, and of the Emperor Nicholas and his military resources."
—Lon. New Mnnthhi Mag.
Cameron, John, elected Bishop of Glasgow, 1426.
Canons, in MS. in Bihliothcea Ilarl.. 4631 ; vol. i. 47.
Cameron, John, 15S0?-162.i, a Scutch divine of
great learning, was professor of Greek at the University
of Glasgow at the age of 20. and afterwards taught Latin.
Greek, and Divinity, at Bordeaux, Sedan, Saumur, and
Montauban. Myrothecium Evangelieum, Geneva, 1632,
4to. Pra?leetiones in selectiora quiedam loca Novi Testa-
menti, &c., Salinurii. 1626-28, 3 vols. 4to. Other works.
For notices of editions, see Orme's Bihl. Bib.
*' The most learned man Scotland ever produced." — Bishop Hall.
Such extravagance is in bad taste : who is to decide
who is the most learned man in any country, in any age?
The terms so current, of the most learned, or most polite,
or the best, or the wittiest, or the greatest, man, or the
handsomest woman — and, indeed, all superlatives — are
shocking vulgarisms, which cannot be too carefully es-
chewed.
" Cameron was a subtle theologian, who displayed much critical
acumen in the interpretation of the Sci-iptures." — Du. McCnii-:.
■• He spoke and wrote Greek as if it were his mother tongue.'' —
Dr. .J. Pyk SMiTfr.
Cameron, John. The Messiah, in 9 Books, 1770, Svo.
Cameron, Julia M, Leonora; from the German of
BUrger, with illust. by Maclise, Lon., 1S46. c. 4to.
*-Maclise revels in the illustrations." — Lnn. Literari/ Gasftt>i.
Cameron, Thos., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747.
Cameron, William. The French Revolution. Ediu.,
1802, Svo.
Camfield,Benj. Theological treatises. Lou., 165S-85.
His Discourse of Angels and their Ministries, 167S, Svo,
has been highly commended.
"The suViject here umlertaken to be treated upon is certainly
very hi^h and noble in itself and exceedinjjly useful for us to be
acquainted withul. I have read it over to my great satisfaction
and edification." — Geo. Hammond.
Camfield, Francis. Serm.. Lon.. 1694, Svo.
Camlan, Goronva. Lays from the Cvmbric Lyre,
Lon., 1S46, 12mo.
'' For sincerity of purpose. — for the enthusiasm of the writer. —
and for the erudition and al>ility which support that enthusiasm,
the volume deserves well at the hands of the public."' — Lon. Critic.
Campbell, Miss. Poems, Lon., 12nio.
Campbell, A., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 17S5.
Campbell, A. C. Apologi:e Ecclesine Anglicana?.
from Bp. .Tewel, 1812, 12mo: in Greek, by Smith. 1S12.
12mo : in English, 1S13. Svo. Trans, of the Law of Nature
and Nations, from Grotius, 1814, 3 vols. Svo.
Campbell, A, D. 1. Grammar of the Teloogo or
Gentoo Language. 2. Dictionary of ditto, Madras, 1S16,
'21. 4to.
Campbell, Alevander. Sequel to Bulkeley and
Cummin's Voyage to the South Seas, Lon., 1747, Svo. A
Chain of Philo=ophieal Reasoning in proof of the existence
of a Supreme Beins:. 1754, Svo.
Campbell, Alexander. History of Dover Castle,
Lon., 1786, 4to; a trans, from the Latin MS. of Rev. W.
Darell.
Campbell, Alexander. An Examination of Lord
Bolingbroke's Letters on History, (anon.j) 2d edit., Lon.,
1753, 'l2mo.
CAM
Campbell, Alexander. An Introduction to the His-
tory uf Poetry in Scothiiid. Edin., 1709, 4to.
'■ A valuable work, containing much interesting matter inamis-
cellanerius form." — Park.
A Journey from Edinburgh through parts of North
Britain. Lon., 1S02, 2 vols. 4to.
■' This work unitt^s pleasure, information, and instruction, while
it exhibits a model to the tourist. The physical. mi:>ral. prditical,
reIii,dons. and literary state of the Scotch Metropolis is lu-re truly
exhibited."'
Otlier works.
Campbell, Alexander. Piditical tracts, 1806-17.
Campbell, Alexander. History of Lcith, Leith,
1S24, Svo.
Campbell, Rev. Alexander, b. 17S8, at Shaw's
Castle, county of Antrim, Ireland, during many years a
resident in America, has written and edited the following
works: Christian Baptist; 7 vols., from 1S23 to 1829, both
inclusive. Millennial ILarbinger, now (lS5o) iu its 2Cth
vol. ; 1st No. pull. Jan.. ls3i). Christian System. Chris-
tian Baptism. Christian Hymn Book. Infidelity refuted
by Infidels. New translation of the Kew Testamentj
Pocket and Family editions, with prefaces, &c. Debates
with Walker, McCalla, Owen, Purcell, and Rice. The
Debate between Robert Owen, Esq., and Alexander Camp-
bell, as to the respective merits of Socialism and Chris-
tianity, Lon., Svo.
"With an acute, vigorous mind, quick perceptions, and rapid
powers of combination. Air. Campbell sorely puzzled his antagonist,
and at the same time both delighted and instructed his audience,
by his masterly defence of the truth, divine origin, and inestimable
importance of Christianity. " — Cincinnati Chronich.
Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Argyle, 1598-
1661. Speeches. Letters. Answers, Ac. connected with his
political life and trial for High Treason; pub. Lon.. 1641,
'46. '48, '52. '61. Instructions to a Son. Lon., UJSH, 12mo.
Campbell, Hon. Archibald, a Scotch Prelate, con-
secrated 1711, at Dundee, wrote several theological worka.
The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and the
Resurrection ; of Prayers for the Dead, «tc., Lon., 1713, fol,
"AH Christians believe in a middle state; but Bishop Campbell's
views are so like popery, though he very earnestly disavows it,
that very few it is presumed out of Home will be found to espouse
them." — Orme.
" A learned work, fending to Komanism, but with useful sug-
gestions."— BiCKERSTETH.
The Necessity of Revelati<in, Lon., 1739, Svo. Recom-
mended by Bishop Van Mildcrt.
Campbell, Archibald, D.D., Regius Professor of
Divinity and Ecclcs. Hist., University of St. Andrew's. The
Authenticity of the Gospel History Justified, Edin., 1759,
2 vols. Svo. Other thenlng. treatises.
Campbell, Archibald. Lexephoras, Lon., 1767,
12mo. Sale of Autliors, in iniit. of Luciau's Sale of Phi-
losophers, 1767. 12nio.
Campbell, Archibald. A Voyageround the World,
1S06-12. Edin.. ISIG, Svo.
'■lie has detailed many inti^restin^ particulars of the manners
and custnnts of the Sandwirh Islanders."
Canii)bell, Maj. Calder. The Palmer's Last Lea-
son, and other poems. Lon., 12mo, 1S3S. Rough Notes of
Rambles Abroad. 3 vols. p. Svo, 1S47. AVinter Nights; a
Novel, 3 vols. p. Svo, ISoO. The poetry of Major Campbell
has been deservedly admired.
Campbell, Charles, Traveller's Guide through Bel-
gium. Holland, and Germany, ISIo, 12mo.
Campbell, Charles, son of John Wilson Campbell,
horn 1SU7. at Petersburg. Va., grad. Princeton Coll.. 1S25.
The Bland Papers, Svo, iS40. Introduction to the History
of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia, Svo,
Richmond, 1847.
" This is a succinct outline of the History of Virginia from the
first discovery and settlement to the surrender of Lord Cornwallis
at Yorktown iu 1781."
Con. to vSouthern Lit. Messenger from its commencement.
Campbell, Lady Charlotte. See Bury.
Campbell, Colin, d. 1734. Harris's Voyages, en-
larc;ed, Lon., 1715, 2 vols. fol. Vitruvius Britannicus, Lon.,
1715, '17, '26, '67, 71 ; by C. C, and Wolfe, and Gandon.
Hist, of the Balearic Islands, 1719, Svo. Con. to Phil.
Trans.. 1734.
Campbell, D. Forbes, Trans, of Thiers's Histoi-y
of the Consulate, and the Empire of France under Napo-
leon, Lon., 1S45, Ac., S vols. Svo. Also trans, by Redhead
and Stapleton. Thiers's Hist, of the Revolution has been
trans, by Redhead and Shoberl.
Campbell, I>avid, M.D. Typhus Fever, Lancaster,
17S.5. Svo.
Campbell, Donald, (Carpenter, StepheQ Cul-
len, •i-r.) A .It>iirncy Overland to India, 1795, 4to.
*"lt abounds with natural reflections, and contains the travels
331
CAM
but point out the prominent parts and ciroumptanres of the general
subjtiitp, with interesting remarlis." — Dr. E. \Villi.\ms.
Lectures on the Pastoral Character; edited by J. Frazer,
Lon., 1811, Svo.
" Worthy of the pen which produced the Essay on the Miracles."
LOWXDES.
Dr. C. also pub. a number of Sermons, 1752, 71, '76,
'77, '79. Works pub. in 6 vols. Svo, 1840.
"The writings of Professor Campbell, thoufih not distinguished
for a rich exhiliition of the grace of the gosiK-1. are manifestly the
works of an upright, conscientious man."' — Bickeksteth.
" Had Campbell devoted his attention to mental philosophy, he
could have done all that Keid or Stewart has accomplished." —
KORERT lUl-L.
Campbell, Geo., of Ptwkbridge. Scrms.,Edin., 1816.
Campbell, Hector, M.D. Med. and Polit. works,
Lon., 18011, '10, '13.
Campbell, Sir Hugh. The Lord's Prayer, Edin.,
1709, Svo.
Campbell, Hugh, LL.D. The Case Mary Q. of Scots,
Ac, from the State Papcr.s ttc, Lon.. 1S25, Svo.
Campbell, Ivie. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Campbell, J. Trade to Turkey and Italy,Lon.,1734,4vo.
Campbell,J.,M.I). Letter to his Friend,Lon.,1746,8vo.
Campbell, Jacob, 1760-1788, b. in Rhode Island.
Political Essays.
Campbell, James. Modern Faulconry, Edin., 1773,
Svo. The introduction was written by Rev. Alex. Gillies
to ridicule Monboddo's work oi; language.
"Tilt- aiconnt of hawking is fabulous."
Campbell, John. Sec Macuhe. Johm.
Campbell, John, Earl of London, Lord-Chan-
cellor of Sccitlaud. Speeches pub. 11)41, '45, '46, '48.
, ... . , Campbell, John, Lord, b. 1779, at Springfield,
tioner; Pastor of Bancbory-Ternan, 1(50; Minister at j.jj.^gjjj|.|.^ Scotland, was educated at St. Andrew's, and
Aberdeen, 1756; Princip.al of Marischal College, 1769. ^^Ugj ^„ tij^ gar by the Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1806.
Dr. Campbell was a man of distinguished learning and jj^ ijeei^mc q.c. in 1824; Solicitor CJeneral and a Knight
abilities. . . | Bachelor, IS.'U ; Attorney-General, 1834; Lord Chancellor
A Dissertation on Miracles, containing an e.vamination ^j. j,.j.|_.,„,i^ jg^j. On the retirement of Lord Denham he
of the principles advanced by David Hume, Ac. Edin., ' ^^^ ^^^-^^ Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench. In poUtics
CAM
of the writer's mind, together with his bodily peregrinations."—
Lon. Munthhj Niview. 179.0.
Letter to the Marcjuis of Lon. on the Present Times,
1798, Svo.
Campbell, Dorothea Primrose, a native of Ler- ,
wick. Shetland Islands. Poems, Inverness, 1810, Svo. Miss
C. made the aciiuaintance of Sir 'Walter Scott during his
visit to the Northern Isles. He encouraged her literary
aspirations, and she pub. the above volume, which is dedi- j
cated to Sir Walter.
Campbell, Duncan. Time's Telescope, Lon., 1734,
Svo. Tlio Earth's Groans, 1755, Svo. De F(pc pub. in 1720,
Svo, The Life and Adventures of Duncan Campbell; and
Eliza Haywood pub. in 1725, Svo, A Collection of Stories
relating to Duncan Campbell.
Campbell, G. L. Expedition to St. Augustine, 1744;
this was Gen. Oglethorpe's expedition.
Campbell, George John Douglas, Duke of Ar-
gyll, b. l.'<23, ii warm advocate of the princiiilcs of the
Church of Scotland, pub. when 19 years of age, A Letter
to the Peers, from a Peer's Son ; this relates to the cele-
brated Auchterarder Case, which led to the disruption of
the Church of Scotland. In 1848 his Gr.ace pub. Presby-
tery Examined, iu which he reviews the Ecclesiastical His-
tory of Scotland since the Reformation. His Grace is a
man of extensive attainments, and labours zealously for
the advancement of science and literature.
Campbell, George, D.D., 1719-1796, a native of
Aberdeen, studied at Marischal College, and afterwards
applied himself to the study of Law. Preferring Divinity,
he qualified himself for examination, and in 1746 received
his license from the Presbytery of Aberdeen as a proba-
1762, Svo; 1766, '97, 1S12, '23, Ac Trans, into French,
Dutch, and German.
" It contains a most masterly defence of the evidence arising
from miracles, of the nature of the testimony by which they are
supported, and of the miracles of the Gospel themselves. He com-
pletely unravelled the web which the ingenious adversary of Chris-
his lordship is a Whig. Reports, Nisi Prius, 1807-16, Lon.,
1809-16, 4 vols. r. Svo. These volumes should accompany
Espiniisso's Reports, 1793-lSll, 6 vols. Svo. The Reports
are continued by Starkie. Ryan, and Moody. Campbell's
Reports have a high reputation. They were repub. in
tianity [Hume] had woven, for the purpose of entangling Its Ne„ York, 1810-21, 4 vols. bvo. Letter to Lord btanley,
friends; and did every thing but extort an .aclinowledgment from
him that he was beaten with bis own weapons." — Orme.
" An able answer to Hume's Essay on .Miracles."— lilcKEESTETH.
" Kiclily deserving repeated perusal: in it the most daring and
subtle olijections of iutidels are analysed, detected, and exposed,
in an iuterestiug and masterly manner." — DR. ?. Willi.<ms.
Philosophy of Rhetoric, Lon., 1776, i vols. Svo; 7th
edit., 1S23, Svo.
" Its utility is equal to its depth and originality : the philosopher
finds in it exercise for his ingenuity, and the student may safely
consult it for its practic:il suggestions and illustrations."
The Four Gospels, trans, from the Greek; with Disser-
tations and Notes Critical and Explanatory, Lon., 1790, 2
vols. 4to; 1807, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., Aberdeen, 1S14, i
vols. Svo.
" A re.al tre,asure of theological learning, exact criticism, and
sound divinity; it has given me more inli.)rmation in regard to
Scriptural kuowledge than all the other books I ever read."—
BE-\ttie.
" It is impossible to bestow too high commendation on this v-alu-
ablework. It is perhaps one of the best specimens of a translation
of the Scriptures in any language. To accurate and extensive
learning. Dr. Campbell united great natural acuteness, and deep
philosophical penetration. . . . His sentiments on doctrinal suiyects
rarely appear; in which respect, the work is very different from
that of his contemporary, Macknight, to wliom he was very supe-
rior in acuteness. candour, and originality." — Orme.
" The notes which accompany it form an excellent philological
commentary on the four Evangelists; .and the Dissertations are a
treasure of sacred criticism." — T. II. IIorne.
" A very valu.able work for critical purposes."— Bickerstf.th.
" Much valuable information in the style of judicious criticism."
— Da. E. Williams.
Lectures on Systematic Theology and Pulpit Eloquence,
Lon,, 1807, Svo.
'■ Contain many useful hints to theological students." — Dr. E.
Willi \Ms.
'■ Mueli important criticism." — Orme.
" Many excellent observ,ations." — Bickersteth.
Lectures on Ecclesiastical History, Ac, Lon., 1800, 2 vols.
8vo; 1813, 2 vols. Svo; Aberdeen. 1815, 2 vols. Svo; Lon..
1S40, Svo. Bishop Skinner answered this 'work in his
Primitive Truth and Order Vindicated, Lon., 1803, Svo.
"It discovers profound and accui-ate research, iudei>endence, and
impartiality, and contains more of the philosophy of Church His-
tory than anv other book in the English language. Considering
the" subject, it is a more entertaining book than might have been
expected." — Orme.
"Neither Campbell nor Jortin embrace a regular series of facts;
332
Lon., 1837, Svo. Speeches at the Bar and House of Commons,
Svo, 1842. Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of
the Great Seal of England, Lon., 1845^8, 7 vols. Svo; 4th
ed., 1857, 10 vols. cr. Svo.
" A work of BterUng merit,— one of very great labour, of richly-
diversified interest, and, we arc satisfied, of lasting value and esti-
mation. 'We doubt if there be half a dozen living men who could
produce a l!i" 'ra|ihical .Series on such a scale at all likely to com-
mand so miicli apiilioHi- from the candid among the learned as wea
as from tlie curious of the laity."— -ton. Qiiar. Bei:, Dec. 1S47.
" Lord Campbell has rendered a very acceptable service, not only
to the leg.al profession, but to the history of the country, by the
prepanition of this important and elaborate wor]i:'—Lnn.La>o Bee.
" I need scarcely advise every reader to consult Lord Campbell 8
excellent work."— Lord Mac.4CI.it.
Lives of the Chief-Justices of England, Lon,, 1S49, 2
vols, Svo, vol. ill., 1857. Sec Edin. Rev., Oct. 1857.
" In the Lives of the Chief Justices there is a fund both of in-
teresting infnrm.ation and valuable mjitter, which renders the book
well worthy of perusal bv every one who desires to attain an ao
quaintance with the constitutional history of his country, or .as-
pires to the rank of either a statesman or a lawyer." — BriUmnia.
"There is. indeed, in Lord Campbell's works much instruction;
his subjects h.ave been so happily .selected, that it was scarcely
possible that there should not be. An eminent lawyer and states-
man could not write the lives of great statesmen and lawyers
without interweaving curious information, and suggesting valu-
able principles of iudgment. and useful practical maxims; but it
is not for these that his works will be read. Their principal merit
is their easy, animated flow of interesting narrative. No one pos-
sesses better than Lord Campbell the art of telling a story ; of
passing over what is commonplace; of merely suggesting what
m.ay lie inferred ; of explaining what is obscure, and of placing in
strong light the details of what is interesting."- -Brfiji. Beview.
Campbell, John, LL.D., 1708-1775, a native if
Edinburgh, was a voluminous Historical, Biographical,
and Political writer. We notice a few of his works, a list
of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Military
Hist, of Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough,
Lon., 1736, 2 vols. fol. Lives of British Admirals and
other eminent Seamen, Lon.. 1742-44, 4 vols. Svo ; 3 edits,
in the author's lifetime ; 4th edit., with a continuation by
Dr. Berkenhout to 1779, S vols. r. Svo; continued by H.
R. Yorke and W. Stevenson, (to 1812,) Lon., 1812-17, 8
vols. r. 8vo. Severely criticized in the United Service
Journal, 1842, '43. Voyages and travels, from Columbus
to Ansoii, Lon., 1744, 2 vols. fol. This is a great improve-
CAM
ment on Harris's Collection. 1702. '05, 8vo. The Present
State of Europe, 1750, Svo ; many edits. Highlands of
Scotland, 1751, Svo. New Sugar Islands in the West In-
dies, Svo. Trade of Great Britain to America, 1772, 4to.
A Political Survey of Great Britain, Lon., 1774, 2 vols. r.4to.
"A most judiciousand most useful work."— BiWWfera Parriana
"This is a work of iuestimalili. value to those who wish to un
derstand the best means of promoting the prosperity of their native
country." — Kelt's Intrnduc. to Us-ful Books.
•■ It disappointed the out.lic, nor can it be considered as a safe
guide in affording that knowledge its title would assume."
"This is a work of great Labour and research; but it is ill ai^
ranged, overlaid with details, tedious, and of little practical value "
—McCullorh's Lit. rif roUt. Ecmimnij.
Dr. C. was a large and valuable contributor to the An-
cient Universal History. Sec Boswell's Life of Johnson,
The Jlodern Universal History, and the Biographia Bri-
tannica.
"I think highly of Campbell. In the first place, he has verv
good parts. In the second place, he has ver^- extensive reading"-
not, perhaps, what is properly called learning, but history, politics,
aud, in short, that popular knowledge which makes a'mau verv
useful." — Dr. Johnson. ^
Campbell, John. History of the Old Testament
1731, 2 vols. fol.
"I have applied myself so clcsely to this history of the Penta-
teuch, as. in sixteen months, not to have stirred more than a hun-
dred yards from home, above ten times at most."— Pre/ace.
Campbell, Rev. John, 1766-1.840, h. in Edinburgh.
He was the founder and for eighteen years the editor
of The Youth's Magazine. In 182.1 he established the
Teacher's Offering, which is still pub. by the London Tr.act
Society. Travels in South Africa, undertaken at the re-
quest of the Missionary Society, 1815, Svo. Second Jour-
ney, 1822, 2 vols. 8to.
--Mr. C.ampbcll. by his Travels, has considcr.iblv enlarged the
sphere of our knowledge of .*,5uthcrn Africa."- ion. 'Quar Kfv
'CampbeU penetr.ited further than La Trobe or Lichtenstein, and
discovered some populous tribes and large towns. La Trobe's is
the most interesting narrative." — Stevenson.
Campbell was the first to penetrate beyond Lattakoo,
the capital of the Boshuana tribe of the Matchapins. He
pub. some other works. Life, Times, and Miss. Enter-
prises of Rev. John Campbell, by Robert Philip, Lon.,
18-il, 8vo.
Campbell, John. Worlds Displayed: for Touno-
People. "
'■Twenty years ago I had met with eight ministers, and more
ministers wives, who had been converted by reading that book."
— Author s MS. °
Campbell, John, D.D. Jethro; Essay on Lay Agency,
p. Svo. The Martyr of Erromanga; or the Philosophy of
Missions; illustrated from the Labours. Death, and Cha-
racter of the late Rev. John Williams, 2d edit.. Lon 1842
12mo; 3ded., 1843, Svo. •, io*i,
"Never before has Missionary enterprise been placed in such a
ranety of commanding and all-absorbing aspects."— ZOT.£-canprf,
Memoirs of Daniel Nasmith.
'■ We wish the book a place in every library, in every family, in
e^ery hij^H."— Glasgow Examiner. "J< '"
Campbell, John, of Carbrook. Letter to Sir Henry
Parnel. on the Corn Laws, 1S14. Con. to Ann. Philos on
the Tide: Vegetat>lcs; Vision, 1814, '16, '17. Observa-
tions on Modern Education. Edin., 182.3, 12mo.
Campbell, John. The Stafford Peerage".Lori.,1818 4to
nu^i!*'"';'""i,'.' •'°''" ^•' ''• "^*' •■'K'^'l J6. a minister at
thlllicothe, Ohio. Doctrine of Justification Considered
Strictures on Stone's Letters, 1805. Vindcx, in answer to
Stone s Reply, 1806. He left a MS. History of the Western
Country.
Campbell, John Wilson, b. in Virginhi. For thirty
years a bookseller in Petersburg, Va. History of Yir
ginia. 181.'!. ■^
Campbell, Juliet H. L., a daughterof Judge Lewis
? i/rr^ ,?"'?' """^ •■' "'""■'= "'■ "'»' State, was married
in 184.3 to Mr. James H. Campbell. She resides in Potts
viUe, Pennsylvania. She gave early indications of poetical
talent, and has contributed many pieces both in prose and
verse to periodicals. The stanzas entitled A Story of Sun-
rise posse's considerable merit.
Campbell, Lawrence Dundas. India Observer,
Ac. See BovD, Hugh. Reply to the Strictures of the
Edm. Review relative to Marquis Wellesley's administra-
tion, ic. Lon., 1807. AsiaticAnnual Register, 1809 8 vols
Campbell, Peter. Forms of Procedure in a Process
of Cessio Bonornm, 2d edit.. Edin., 1837 lOmo
De'btor'^s'ut''"''' ""''"''''' '°'" *'"' decisions under the Insolvent
'■ No practitioner onght to be without this little Manual, and to
l.^ «™>1'°K community at large it will be found of great advan-
tage. — IvTt/t Advertiser.
CAM
Campbell, R. London Tradesman, Lon., 1747, Svo.
Campbell, Robert. Life of the Duke of Argyle,
Lon.. 1745. ''■' '
Campbell, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., account of
a man who lived IS years on water. 1742.
Campbell, Thomas, LL.D. Survey of the South
of Ireland. 1777, Svo. Sermon, 17S0, 4to. Strictures on
the Ecclesiastical and Literary History of Ireland, Dubl.
17S9, Svo. ''
" A well written and ingenious work."
Campbell, Thomas, 1777-1844, a native of Glasgow,
was educated at the University of that city, where he was
distinguished for his proficiency in classical studies. In
1799 he pub. The Pleasures of Hojie, Edin., 12mo, dedi-
cated to Dr. Anderson. Four editions were called for
within a year. He had sold the copyright to Mr. Mundell
for £21, but the generous bookseller g,ave the author £50
for each succeeding edition. Campbell now visited the
Continent, and from the mon.astery of St. Jacob witnessed
the battle of Hohenlinden, Dec. 3, 1800. Ho has com-
memorated the dreadful spectacle in lines which will never
be forgotten. At Hamburg, in 1801, he competed The
E.\ile of Erin, and Ye Mariners of England. Returning
home, he resided for upwards of a year in Edinburgh,
where he wrote Lochiel's Warning, which Sir Walter Sc'tt
heard read, read it himself, and then repeated the whole
from memory. In 1S03 he pub. in London an edition of
his poems in 4to. In this year he was married to Miss
Martha Sinclair, of Edinburgh, and settled at Sydenham,
in Kent. In 1806 he pub. Annals of Great Britain from
the Accession of George IIL to the Peace of Amiens. In
1805 his means had been increased by a pension of £200
per annum. In 1809 appeared Gertrude of AVyoming, a
Pennsylvanian Tale, (and other Poems.) which confirmed
his poetical reputation. In 1818 he again visited Germany.
In 1SI9 he pub. his Specimens of the British Poets, with
biographical and critical notices, and an Essay on En^-lish
Poetry, 7 vols. Svo; 1S41, '45, '4S. °
"In the Biographies, the Kditor has e.xerted the main part of
his strength on the M,rits and Writings of each /b,(asan Author
with an intention to form A Complete Eodv of English PoEiiCiL
Cbiticism."
"Rich in exquisite examples of English Poetry, and suggestions
of delightful thoughts beyond any volume in the langua.'e "—
Lon. Alias. "
•■ ■JVe are very glad to see Mr. Campbell in any way. and we
tbink the work which he has now given us very excellent and de-
lightful. — Edtn. Reviiiw.
The Selections however are not the best "Specimens" of
the authors. From 1810-20 he edited The Kew Monthly
Magazine, to which he contributed many beautiful poems:
of these, perhaps. The Last Man has been most admired!
In 1820 he delivered a course of Lectures on Poetry at
the Surrey Institution. In 1824 appeared Theodoric and
other Poems. In 1S27 he was elected Lord Rector of the
University of Glasgow. The dignified Lord Rector com-
menced his duties as follows:
"It was deep snow when he reached the College-green, the stu-
dents were drawn up in parties, pelting one another : the poet ran
into the ranks, threw several snow-balls with unerring aim then
summoning the scholars around him in the hall, delivered a speech
replete with philosophy and elociucnce. It is needless to say how
it was received. '— All.i-n Cdn.ni.voh.im.
In 1830 ho started the Metropolitan Magazine, to
which Thomas Moore occasionally contributed. It subse-
quently fell into the hands of Captain Marryat. In 1834
he pub. the Life of Mrs. Siddons, 2 vols. Svo.
In his letters from the South, 1837, 2 vols. Svo, or A
Poet's Residence in Algiers, 1845, 2 vols. Svo, originally
pub. m The New Monthly Magazine, we have an enter-
taining picture of scenes which produced a deep impression
on the writer.
"These admirable letters furnish us with by far the most inte-
resting and picturesque sketches of Algiers and the adjacent dis-
tricts that we have yet met with."- ion. Sun.
■■ A most remarkable and interesting hook."— John Bull.
The Life and Times of Petrarch, 2 vols. Svo, 1841.
'•The standard life of Petrarch. The fortunes and career of the
poet are traced with admirable distinctness; his devoted passion
lor Laura is finely developed and characterized: and his poetical
character is analyzed and estimated with .all the power of a kindred
genius. This work must take its place in our libraries .as one of
the most interesting and unportant historical works of our time"
— Lfm. Alhena'um.
'■The standard work of reference, to which after ages will anneal "
— (ymrl Journal. et"^*".
Frederick the Great, his Court and Times, 4 vols 8yo
1843: new edition, 2 vols. Svo, 1844. Ed. by T C ' '
"7}t Tu''"' ^V'*' '"'^ *'"' honour of being introduced to the
world by the author of Hohenlinden. is not unworthy of so di *
-T."b mI'^u lYr™' " '^ '"' e'tceedingly amusing cohipilation.'-
"Those Uemohs are of peculiar value m the light they throw
333
CAM
CAN
on the conciition and fortunes of the masses oyer whom Frederick
ruled." — Ltm. A(hen(Eum.
'• This ' Life of Frederick the Great' will become a standard work
iu the liliraries of Engliind." — Scotstiuni.
TJie Pilgrim of Glencoe, and other poems, 1S42. A
Life of Sbukspeare. In 1843 Mr. Campbell visited Bou-
logne, accompanied by his niece, for the benefit of his
health, and resided there until his death, June 16th, 1844.
He lies in Westminster Abbey. His friend Dr. William
Beattie was with him in the " inevitable hour," and has fa-
voured the world with his life and letters, 3 vols. p. Svo,184S.
" The Pleasures of Hope, a poem dear to every reader of poetry,
bore, amidst many beauties, the marks of a juvenile composition,
and received from the public the indulgence due to a promise of
future excellence. Some license was also allowed for the didactic
nature of the subject, which, prescribiu-:; no formal plan, left the
poet free to indulge his fiincy in excursions as irrejiular as they
are elegant and animated. It is a consequence of both these cir-
cumstances that the poem presents iu some degree the appearance
of an unfinished picture. . . . The merits and defects of Gertrude
of Wyomiug have this marked singularity, that the latter intrude
upon us at the very first reading, whereas, after repe-ated perusals,
we perceive beauties which had previously escaped our notice." —
Lon. Quarterly Beview, i. 241.
*' We rejoice to see onco more a polished aud pathetic poem in
the old style of English pathos aud poetry. This [Gertrude of
"Wyomimi] is of the pit<!h of the Castle of Indolence, and tlie finer
parts of Spenser; with more feeling, iu many places, than the first,
and more coudensation and diligent finishing than the latter. If
the true tone of nature be not everywhere maintained. It gives
place, at least, to art only, and not to affectation— and, least of all,
to affectation of singularity or rudeness. . . . There are but two
noble sorts of poetry— the pathetic, and the sublime ; and we think
he has given us very extraordinary proofs of his talents for both."
^LoRD Jeffrey : Rlin. Rwiew, xiv. 1.
" I do not think I overrate the merits of the ' Pleasures of Hope,'
whether taking it iu its parts, or as a whole, iu preferring it to any
didactic poem of equal length in the English language. No poet,
at such an age, ever produced such an exquisite specimen of poeti-
cal mastery— that is, of fine conception and of high art combined.
Sentiments tender, energetic, impassioned, eloquent and majestic,
are conveyed to the readeriu the tones of a music forever varied —
Einking or swelling like the harmonies of an ^^olian lyre — yet ever
delightful; and these are illustrated by pictures from ronumce,
history, or domestic life, replete with power and beauty. It is a
long fit of inspiiation— a checkered melody of tran.scendent excel-
lence: passage after passage presenting only an ever-varying and
varied tissue of whatever is beautiful and sublime in the soul of
men and the aspects of nature. . . . The greatest effort of Camp-
bell's genius, however, was his ' Gertrude of Wyoming,' nor is it
ever likely to be excelled in its own peculiar style of excellence.
It is superior to 'The Plea.sures of Hope' in the only one thing in
■which that poem could be surpassed— purity of diction; while in
pathos, and in imaginative power, it is no whit inferior." — Moir's
Poet. Lit. of Past Hiilf-Cintiiri/.
" The Pleasures of Hope is one of the most beautiful didactic
poems in our language." — Lord Bvron.
Much disappointment was felt that Campbell did not
give more to the world than the few compositions which
evinced the possession of such exalted poetical genius.
" What a pity it is," said Sir Walter Scott to ^Vashington Irving,
*'that Campbell does not write oftener, and give full sweep to his
genius! He has wings that would bear him to the skies, and he
does, now and then, spread them grandly, but folds them up again
and resumes bis perch, as if he was afiaid to launch them. The
fact is, Campbell is. in a manner, a bugbe,ar to himself; the bright-
ness of his early success is a detriment to all his after efforts. He
is afraid of the shadow thiii his oicn fame cast liefun'. )tim."'
Campbell, William, D.D. Serra., Belfast, 1774,
8vo. Vindication of the Presbyterians in Ireland. 3d edit.,
Lon.. 1786, 8vo. Exam, of the Bp. of Cloyue's Defence of
his Principles, 17SS, Svo.
Campbell, William. Value of Annuities, 1810, Svo.
Campbell, William, 12 years resident in India as
a niissiunary. British India, in it.s Relation to the De-
cline of Hindooism, and the Progress of Christianity,
Lon., Svo, 1839.
"The Raugalore missionary has produced a volume of extraor-
dinary interest." — Lrm. Patriot.
'■A vulnme uf great interest and worth."— U</(t'/imon.
Campbell, William W., b. 1806. Cherry Valley,
Otsego county. New York. His ancestors settled there in
1740, and some of them took an active part in the OUl
French and Revolutionary Wars. Judge C. grad. at Union
Culloge, 1827. 1. Border Wars of New York; or, Annalsof
Tryou County, N.Y., 1831. Svo; new cd., revised, entitled
Border Warfare, N.Y., 1849, 12mo. 2. Life and Writings
of De Witt Clinton, 1849, Svo. 3. Sketches of Robin
Hood and Captain Kidd, 1853, 12mo. 4. Life of Mrs.
Grant. Missionary to Per.'^ia, 1S40. 12mo.
Campion, Abraham, entered of Trinity College,
Oxfnrd. about 1656. Sermons. 1694. 1700.
Campion, or Campian, Edmond, 1540-1581, a
zealous champion of the Roman Catholic religion, was
hanged and quartered with other Romish priests for high
treason. Nine Articles directed to the Lords of the Privy
Council, 1581. The History of Ireland ; pub. by Sir James
Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. See Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib.
331
C-hjonologia Universalis. Conferences in the Tower,
1583, 4to. Rationes decern, Ac. 1581. See Campbell's
Ten Reasons for embracing the Catholic Faith, by the Rev.
Dr. Fletcher, Svo. Imitatione Rhetorica, 1631. Other
works. See Lowndes's Bib. Manual.
His life was written by Paul Bombino, a Jesuit: best
edit., Mantua, 1620, Svo.
'* lie was a rare dark, upright in conscience, deep in judgment,
and ripe in eloquence." — H. Stainhcrst.
" All writers, whether Protestant or Popish, say that he was a
man of most admirable parts, an elegant orator, a subtle phi-
losopher and disputant, and an exact preacher, whether in Kng-
lish or Latin tongue, of a sweet disposition, and a well-polished
man." — Atlien. Oxoji.
" He was detected in treasonable practices: and, being put to
the rack, and confessing his guilt, he was publicly executed. His
execution was ordered at the very time when the Duke of Anjou
was in England, and prosecuted with the greatest appearance of
success, his marriage with the queen ; and this Severity was pro-
bably intended to appease her I'rotestant subjects, and to satisfy
them that, whatever measures she might pursue, she never would
depart from the principles of the Reformat ion." — Hdme.
Campion, Thomas, styled by his contemporaries,
for his musical and poetical talents, " Sweet Maister Cam-
pion," appears to have been admitted a member of Gray'a
Inn in 1586. AVe have no particulars of his life or family.
Observations on the Art of English Poesie. This gave
rise to Daniel's Defence of Rhyme. Relation of the Enter-
tainment made for Queen Anne, Lon., 1613, 4to. Masque,
Lon.. 1614. 4to. Other pieces.
Camplin, John* Sermons, 1766, '77, 4to.
Canaries, James, of Selkirk. Discourses, 1684, '88.
Canceller, James. Tbeolog. treatises, 1576, Ac.
Candidins, George. Account of the Island of For-
mosa: See ('burchill's Voyages, i. 503, 1704.
Candidiis. See White, Thomas.
Candish, Thomas. Itinerarium Indicam, Francf.,
15'.»<f, fol. Diaphonta. or Three Attendants on Fiat Lus,
1665, Svo. Account of Dr. Stillingfleet's late Book against
the Church of Rome, 1672. 8vo.
Candlish, Robert S., a popular Scotch preacher,
and one of the leaders of the "Nun-intrusion" party at
the time of the division of the Scottish Church, has pub. a
Summary of the Question respecting the Church of Scot-
land, &.C., Edin., 1841, 8vo, pp. 32. Narrative, &c., Svo,
pp. 40. Exposition of the Book of Genesis, Edin., 1852,
2 vols. 12mo. The Cross of Christ. Scripture Characters,
&c. 4 Letters to Rev. E. B. Elliot. John Knox, his Times
and his AVorks ; a Discourse, 1846.
" We can very cnrdially commend this discourse as one of inte-
rest and excellence." — UjiiV'rse.
Cane, Henry. Ilort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1720.
Cauc, John Vincent, d. 1672, a Friar of the order
of St. Francis, lived principally in London. Fiat Lux,
1661, Svo; 2d edit, enlarged, 1662, Svo.
" The inference to be drawn from its miscellaneous discussions
is. that the only remedy for all existing evils and differences is
returning to the bosom of an infallible church. Rome alone is
tara ftrina, and all is sea beside." — 0>'ni''.''s Life of Oicrn.
Answered by Dr. John Owen, Lou., 1662, and by Dr.
Whitby. Oxon.. 1666. The Diaphonta of Thomas Cand-
ish, nnticed above, was elicited by Fiat Lux.
Caner, Henry, 1700-1792. a minister at King's Cha-
pel, Bo.^ton, graduated at Yale College, 1724; he pub,
several sermons. 1751, '5S, '61, *63, '64, '65.
Canfield, Francesca Anna, 180.3-1823, a native
of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Felix Pascalis, an
Italian physician. She was distinguished for her know-
ledge of languages, and the excellence of her poetical
pieces, many of which were pub. iu the periodicals. See
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Canfield, Henry Jndson, b. 1789 in Conn. Trea-
tise on Sheep. Coutrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. Agri-
culturist, &c.
Canham, V, Serm., 1711, 4to.
Canue, John, a leader of the English Brownists at
Amsterdam. Neee.-rsity of Separation from the Church
of England, Lon., 1634, fol. He pub. other works, but is
best known by his edition of the Bible with marginal
notes, showing Scripture to be the best Interpreter of
Stripture, Amst., 1664, Svo; vei-y rare; often reprinted.
The Edin. edit., 1727, Svo, is preferred by some.
'■ The marginal references of Canne are generally very judicious.
They still retain a considerable repufatii'n. tliuii-rh most of the
latter editions which pass under the name of ('anne'.s Bible are
full of errors, and crowded with references which do not belong to
the original author. Canne wrote a number of controversial
pieces, some of which are very curious, and all of them exceed-
ingly scarce." — Orme.
Canne, John. Evangelical Hist, of the Bible, Lon.,
1766.
Cannell, Joseph. Serm., 1708, 4to.
CAN
CAP
Canning, George, of the Middle Temple, d. 1771,
father *•!" tliu lit. Ilttn. George Canning. A Trans, of Anti-
Lucretius, Lun.. 1766, 4to. Puems, 1767, 4to.
•■We f».>iin no very favourable opiuion of this translation; — we
find a want of precision; — we obst-rve a diffusiveness in the ex-
pression, which rather enfeebles than illustrates the author, and
gives him a redundancy of sentiment with which he is not charge-
able. . . . The introductoiy address in the volume of P<H'ms has.
in our opinion, much poetical merit." — Lnn. MuniUhj Review. 1707.
Appeal to the PuMie from the Critioal Review, 1767,
8vo. Offering to a Young Lady from her Lover, 1770, 4to.
Canning, George, 1770-1S27, the son of the pre-
ceding, was only one year old wlien his father died of a
broken heart, after unavailing efforts to procure a comfort-
able livelihood. ]\Irs. Canning established a small school,
and subsequently tried her fortune on the stage, where she
was not succe.-^sful. George was educated at Etfin, and at
Christ Church. Oxford, and distinguished himself by his
application and uncommon talents. In 1793 he entered
Parliament, as member for Newport in the Isle of Wight,
and in 1796 was appointed under Secretary of State.
When the Marquis of Hastings was recalled from India,
Canning was appointed (yovernor General; but the death
of the Marquis of Londonderry, August 12, 1S22, altered
this arrangement, and Mr. Canning was appointed Secre-
tary for Foreign Atiairs. He was actively engaged in pub-
lic life for nearly 3^ years, 11 of which were spent in con-
nection with Jlr. Pitt. As an orator Mr. Canning's abilities
were of the first order.
'■ Among our own orators Mr. Canninj; seems to he the best mo-
del of the adorned style. In some (luiilities of style he surpassed
Mr. Pitt. His dii-tion was more vaiious. sometimes more simple,
more idiomatical, even in its more elevated parts. It sparkled
■with ima.sery. and was bri;j:htened by illustration: in both of
which Mr, l*itt, for so great an orator, was defective." — Sir J.a.mes
Mackintosh.
His Speeches, revised and corrected by himself, with a
Memoir of his Life, by R. Therry, have been pub. in
6 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S28.
- A work which is destined to convey to posterity the remains
of his splendid talents as an oratnr; tn exhibit his principles as a
statesman; and to shew with what eneriiy and success he carried
those principles into execution as a Minister of the Crown." — Mr.
Hiiskisi^mi'!i Letter.
'• An excellent and valuable edition of Mr. Canning's Speeches."
— ion. Times.
"It is the noblest literary memorial that can be preserved of
him."' — Ltm. Lih'rary Gazette.
Messrs. Bell, Styles, and Rede have each pub. a Life of
l\Ir. Canning, and one has been given to the world by his
private secretary, Mr. Stapleton.
'■A book which ouirht to be in everybody's hands who wishes
to understand the foreign policy of this country from 1822 to
1S27." — Lon. Tinu's.
His famous speech on the Silk Trade in 1826 will be
found in a volume of the speeches made on that subject,
pub. Lon., 1826, Svo. In his 15th year, whilst at Eton,
he established a periodical for the scholars, entitled The
Microcosm, which he edited, and to which he contributed
some remarkable papers signed B. In 1797, in conjunc-
tion with George ElHs, Frere. and others, he started The
Anti-Jaeobin, which was edited by Gifford. In this pe-
riodical the Whigs were sorely berated by the choicest en-
gines of raillery and satire. Canning's parodies on Southey
and Darwin, the Knife Grinder, and the Song of Rogero,
are examples of his rare powers of style and humour.
His Lines on the Death of his eldest Son present a touch-
ing picture of a father's grief. The Poetry of the Anti-
Jacobin has been collected into one volume. A second
enlarged edilion was pub. in ]So4, with E.xplanatory Notes
by C. Edmonds. Again, 1858: see Lon. Quar. Rev.;
Edin. Rev.. July, 1858.
Lord Byron, Lord Jeffrey, Sir James Mackintosh, Thomas
Moore, and many others praised this collection aa "one
of the wittiest books in the language."
'• These sparkling gems of wit have stood the test of more than
half a Century, and still their brilliancy is undimmed: nor. in-
dcL-d. is their lustre likely to be tarnished by age. Mr. Edmonds,
the editor, has acquitted himself ably of his task." — Z<m. N^av
Quart. Review.
" A model of political satire. The Needy Knife Grinder was a
joint production of Messrs. Frere and Canning, as was also the
masterly poem of Xew MoraHty, alluded to in Byron's English
Bards and Scotch Reviewers." — TnoMAs Moore.
■'The great literary reputation of the Anti-Jacobin. — the inte-
rest attaching to such well-known names as those of Canning,
Frere. Gifford, Wellesley. will induce the reader to glance with us
at their revived productions. We rather wonder that this book
waited so long for an intelligent and admiring editor. Mr. Charles
Edmonds comes forward at last, and is. indeed, the ' Old Mortality'
of Tory libellers." — Westminster Review.
For interesting notices of Canning, in addition to the
works referred to above, see Lockhart's Life of Scott,
Goodrich's British Eloquence, and De Vere, or the Man
of Independence, where Canning is represented by "Went-
worth."'
Canning, Richard. vSerms., 1746. '47.
Canning, T. John Bull and his Bride, <fcc.j a Poem,
1801, 8vo.
Cannon, James Spencer, D.D., 1776-1852, from
1826-52 Prof, of Pastoral Theology. Ac. in the Theol. Sem.,
New Brunswick, and Prof. Metaiihysics, <t-c. Rutgers Coll.
Lectures on Chronology, 8vo. Lectures on Pastoral Theo-
logy, N.Y., Svo : pub. after his decease.
Cannon, Nathaniel. Serms., 1613, ']6.
Cannon, Robert, D.D. Serm., 17l'7. Puldications
relative t'> the lower llnu^e of Convocation. 1712, '17, 8vo.
Cannon, T. Family Library; a Funeral Sermon,
Lon.. Svo.
Canon^ or Canonicus, John, by some called Mar-
bros, d. about l.UO, an English Franciscan monk, studied
at O.xford aud Paris. lie was a pupil and imitator of
Duns Scotus. He returned to Oxford, and there taught
theology until his death. He was an able commentator
upon Aristotle, in Aristotelis Physica, lib. viii. ; printed
at St. Alban's, 1481, Svo: reprinted at Venice, 1481, '87,
'92, and 1505, 4to; to the edit, of 1492 some other trea-
tises were added.
Cant. History of Perth. Perth, 1774, 2 vols. Svo.
Cant, Andrew, Bishop of Glasgow, d. 1728, was the
son of Andrew Cant, an Episcopal minister of PitslJgo,
from whose whining tone in the pulpit the terra "cant" is
supposed to be derived. See The Spectator, No. 147 ; but
cantn perhaps has better claim to the paternity. A Serm,
preached on the 30th of January-. 1703. Edin.' 1703. 4to.
Cantjrus, Andreas, Theses Philosophicae quas Ma-
reschallaini Alumni, ttc, publicepropugnabunt,<fcc., Abred.,
1658, 4to.
Cantillou, Philip, Merchant, of London. Analy-
sis of Trade, Commerce. Coin, Bullion. Ac, Lon., 1759, Svo.
"The author adopts several of the views of Hume, whose Poli-
tical Essays were published in 1752. His principles are, for the
most part, liberal, and some of his speculations display consider-
able initenuity. He is one of the few writers to whom Smith has
relen-i'd." — McCallodCs Lit. of Puht. Economy.
Canton, J. Alvar and Seraphina; a Novel, Lon.,
1S03, 2 vols. 12mo.
Canton, John, 1718-1772, a physician, astronomer,
and natural jdiilosopher, was a native of Stroud, Glouces-
tershire. He was the first person in Enghind. who. by
attracting the electric fire from the clouds during a thun-
der storm, verified Dr. Franklin's hypothesis of the simi-
larity of lightning aud electricity. He was one of the
committee — the others were Dr. Franklin, Mr. Delaval,
and Mr. Wilson — appointed by the Koyal Society in 1769,
to sugge.-'t a plan to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's,
for the proper arrangement of electrical conductors to pre-
serve that cathedral from damage by lightning. A num-
ber of Mr. Canton's papers will be found in Phil. Trans.,
1751, '59, and '62.
Canton, John. Telemachusin Blank Verse, 1778, 4to.
Cantova, Anthony. Voyage to Caroline Islands in
1696. See Callander's Voyages, iii. 23.
Cantrcll, Henry. The Royal Martyr a true Chris-
tian, Lon., 1716, 8vo; relates to Charles I.
Cantweli, Andrew, M.D., d. 1761, trans, into French
Mrs. Stephens's Medicine. 1742 ; Sir Hans Sloane's Medi-
cines for the Eyes, 1746. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1737.
Canvane, Peter, M.D. Oleum Palmse Christi, Lon.,
1746, 8vo.
Capadose, Lt. Col. Sixteen Years in the West In-
dies. Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"These volumes form an ag;reenble pendant to Coleridge's de-
liirhtfiil volume, [Sis .Months in the West Indies in 1S25.] Cole-
ridge presents us with a view of the past, Colonel Capadose of the
present." — Lon. Kaval and Military Gazette.
See also the Lon. Critic, the Spectator, and the Barba-
does Globe.
Capel, Arthnr, Lord, a noble champion of Charles
L, beheaded in 1649. After his death was pub. his Daily
Ohservations or Meditations, 1654, 4to ; afterwards pub.
under the title of Excellent Contemplations, &c., 1683.
See Gent. Mag., 1757, for some of his stanzas written
when in the Tower.
" He trod the fatal stage with all the dignity ol valour and con-
scious integrity." — Horace Walpoi.e.
" He was a man that whoever shall, after him. deserve best of
the Enj^lisb nation, he can never think himself undervalued
when he shall hear that his courage, virlue, and fidelity, are laid
in the balance with, and compared to, that of the Lord Capel."—
Eabl of Clarenhon.
Capel, Arthnr, Earl of Essex, eldest son of the pre-
ceding, d. 1638. Speech, 1680, fol. Letters and Histori-
cal Account of his Life, 1770, 4to.
CAP
CAR
Capel, Daniel, d. 1679. Tentamcn Medicum de
VariuHs, and some other triiots.
Capel, Richard, 15S6-1656, father of the above, be-
came a commoner of Alban Hall, Oxford, 1601. resigned
his rectory (refusing to publish the Book of Spurts in
1633) and practised physic. Temptations, Lon., 1650, 8vo.
" A valuable experimental work." — Bickebsteth.
Apology against some Exceptions, 1659, 8vo. Remains,
165S, 8vo.
Capelin, Geo. The Christian's Combat, 1591, 8vo.
Capell, Brooke A, de. Travels through Sweden,
Norway, and Fiumark to the North Cape, in 1820, Lon.,
1823.
"A volume by no means destitute of interest or amusement,
written with the feelings and in the style of a gentleman." — Ixm.
Qicarkrii/ Itevi^.w.
A Winter's Journey through Lapland and Sweden, Lon.,
1826, 4to.
Capell, Edward, 1713-1781, a native of Suffolk,
distinguished himself by his critical labours upon the text
of Shakspeare. lie tells us that as early as 1745 ho was
shocked at the licentiousness (wildness) of Uanmer's plan,
and determined to prepare an edition "ex fide codicum."
He pull, in 1768, 10 vols. 8vo, an edition of his favourite
author, for which he received £300 from the bookseller.
*' He appeared almost as lawless as any of his predecessors, viu-
diratinir his d.iim to public notice by his esta}>lished reputation,
the authoritafive air of his notes, and the shrewd observiitions. as
well as majesty, of his preface-. . . . There is not aniong the vari-
ous publications of the present literary Jera a more sin>::ular com-
position than that ' Introduction.' In style and manner it is more
obsolete, and antique, than the age of whii-h it treats. It has
since been added to the prolegomena of Johnson and Steevens's
edition."— iJt.yt/. Diet., 179S.
Capell announced in the title-page,
'■ Whi.-rennto will be added, in somy nther volumes, notes, criti-
cal and explanatory, and a body of various readings entire."
To these was to be added another work disclosing the
sources from which Shakspeare
"Drew the greater part of his knowledge in mythological and
classical matters, his fable, his history, and even the seeming pe-
culiarities of language — to which we have given for title, The
School of Shakspeare."
After the assiduons labour of forty years, Mr. Capell
died without seeing his great work in print, (a volume of
Notes and Readings had appeared in 1775, 4to;) it was
pub. by the care of Mr. Collins in 1783, 3 vols. 4to, en-
titled Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare. To
which is added The School of Shakespeare, &c. These
volumes contain much valuable matter. See Monthly Re-
view and Critical Review.
He also pub. Prolusions, or Select Pieces of Ancient
Poetry, Lon., 1760, Svo, and altered the Play of Antony
and Cleopatra as acted at Drury Lane in 1758.
"Capell's t^xt of Shakspeare, notwithstanding all which has
been achieved since his decease, is, perhaps, one of the purest ex-
tant."— DraJce's Shakspeare and H/'s Times.
" Mr. Capell I call the P'ltnm of f^hakspea^e. They who are ac-
quainted with his critical writings on Shakspeare, and his accu-
rate researches iuto this species of antiquity, will not scruple \YiIh
me to pronounce him the Father of all legitimate commentart
ON Shakspeare," — Pursuits of Literature.
Capen, Joseph^ of Massachusetts, d. 1725, aged 66,
pub. about 1682 an Elegy on John Foster.
Capen, Nahum, b'.*1804 at Canton, Mass. Biof^ra-
phy of Dr. F. J. Gall. Edited his works translated from
tho French, 6 vols. 12mo. Bio.£i;rnphy of Dr. J. G. Spurz-
heim, prefixed to his work on Physiognomy, Svo. Prin-
cipal editor of the Annals of Phrenology, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edited the writings of the Hon. Levi Woodbury, LL.D.,
Boston, 1S53, 3 vols. 8vo, Edited the Massachusetts State
Record from 1847 to 1851, 5 vols. He was among the
first to memorialize Congress on the subject of interna-
tional copyright. A letter of his, printed by the U. S.
Senate, led to the organization of tho Census Board at
Washington. He is the author of other works on History,
Political Econiuny. &c,
Capgravius, John, d. 1464. Nova Legenda, sivo
vitie sanctorum Angliiie, Lon., 1516. A beautiful speci-
men of de AVorde's press. Vita Henriei le Spenser,
Episc. Norwicensis. In Whartoni Angl. Sacr., torn. ii. 359.
A list of the lives in the N'lva Legenda (Capgrave's
Lives of the Saints) will bo found in Catal. Lib. MSS.
Bibl. Cottun. p. 40. Tib. E. L, edit. 1802.
Capp, Mary E, African Princess, and other Poems,
1813, 8vo.
Cappc, Catherine, widow of Newcome. pub. Me-
moirs of her late husb;ind in 1802, prefixed to his Critical
Remarks on Scripture, and some works on Charity Schools,
Ac, 1800. '05. "09. *14. Autobiography. 1822. 8vo.
Cappe, Newcome, 1732-1800, a Sociuian minister.
pub. Serms. and Discourses, 1784, '95, '96, a Selection of
Psalms, and a Defence of Mr. Lindsey agaiust Cooper,
and" of Dr. Priestley against the Monthly Reviewers.
Some of his Discourses were pub. York, 1805, Svo, and
1815, Svo.
" Eminent talents for pulpit eloquence, with a copious flow ol
strong and often heautiful expression." — Rev. W. Wood.
" In our judjiment the most eloquent sermon writer of moderc
times." — Lou. Miruihly Jiipository.
His Critical Remarks on many important Passages of
Scripture were pub. with Memoirs of bis life by Catherine
Cappe in 1802, 2 vols. Svo.
" A great part of his Critical Remarks turns upon points of con-
troversy, and is at variance with the sentiments of Christians of
almost every denomiuation." — Dr. Maltut.
" There is a great portion of very perverted ingenuity and
strained criticism. The reader will easily believe this, when I
mentir>n that Mr. Cappe's remarks were too free even for the
Monthly Reviewers." — Orme.
Capper, Benj. Pits. Statistical Account of England,
1801, Svo. The Imperial Calendar for 1808, 12mo.
Topog. Diet, of the United Kingdom, 1808, Svo.
Capper, James. Passage to India, 1784. Cultiva-
tion of Waste Lands. 1S05. Tracts, 1809. Other works.
Capper, Louisa* Abridgt. of Locke's Essay on tho
Human Understanding, 1811, 4to.
Capron, Klisha S., b. 1806 in N. Y., Counsellor-at-
Law. Hist, of California from its discovery to 1S54.
Caradoc, or Caradog, d, about 1154, a native of
Llancarvan, in Wales, is said by Geofi"rey of Monmouth
to have been engaged in a History of the Welsh Princes,
from the death of Cadwallader to the middle of the 12th
century.
" This work, which there can be no doubt was written in Latin,
appears to be now lost; exci-pt in a pretended Welsh version,
which has again been translated into Engli.sh, and printed with a
' continuation. How far this translation is a faithful representa-
! tive of Caradoc's history, we cannot determine without the origi-
nal test. Pits states that in his time there was a copy of the ori-
ginal in the library of Corpus Christi College, Camhridge."— BtVif/.
Brit. Lit.
Of translations, we have Humphrey Lloyd's, corrected,
&c. out of Records and Authors, by Daniel Powel, Lon.,
1584, 4to ; augmented and improved by W. Wynne, Lon.,
1697, Svo; reprinted, 1702, Svo; new edit., with a De-
scription of Wales, by Sir John Price, Lon., 1774, Svo;
new edit., with Topographical Notices, by Richard Llwyd,
Shrewsbury, 1832, Svo. Caradoc also wrote a short Life
of Gildas, which is extant. See articles Gildas and Cara-
doc in Biog. Brit. Lit., and Gildas de Excidio Britannise
recens, Jos. Stevenson, Ltm., 1S38, Svo. Bale also ascribes
to him Commentaries on ^Icrlin, and a book, De Situ Orbis.
Card, Henry. Historical and Theological works,
1801-14. Beauford, a noveU
Card, Henry, D.D., 1779-1844. Theological trea-
tises. 1820, '25.
Card, M'ilHam. Youths' Infallible Instructor, 179S.
Cardale, (ieorge. Sermon, 1755, 4to.
Cardalc, Paul. Thcolog. treatises, 1740, '61. '76, Svo.
Cardale, H. The Righteous Man ; 2 discourses, 1761.
CardeU, John. Serms., 1647, *49, '50, 4to.
Cardell, WiUiam S., d. 1S2S, of New York, pub. a
griunmar and several other educational works.
Carden, ,1. Con. U> Memoirs Med., 1S05.
Cardew, CorneHus, D.D. Serms., 1779. *96, '99.
Cardoiinel, Adam de. Numismata Scotia), Edin.,
17S6, 4to. Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland, Lon.,
1788, Svo and 4to. Intended as a supplement to Pen-
nant's Tour in Scotland.
Cardwell, Edward, D.D. Documentary Annals
of the Reformed Clmrch of England, 1574-1716, Oxf.,
1839, 2 vols. Svo; new edit.. 1S44. History of Confer-
ences, [rol. to C. Prayer Book,] 1558-1690, Oxf., 1840,
Svo; 3d edit, 1S49. Synodalia, Oxf., 1842. 2 vols. Svo.
"Much curious and useful information." — Bickkiistkth.
Dr. Cardwell has pub. several other valuable works,
among which may be meutioned Lectures on the Coinage
of the Greeks and Romans, delivered in the University of
Oxford. Oxf., 1832, Svo.
Care, George. Reply to " Reliciou and Liberty of
C." 168.'>.
Care, Henry. Polit. and Theolog. works, 1673-1719.
Carel, John. 1. English Princess. 2. Sir Solomon,
1667. '71.
Careles, Careless, or Carelesse, John. Cer-
toyne Godley and Comfortable Letters [3] of the constant
Wytness of Christe, John Careless, Lon., 1566, Svo; re-
peatedly reprinted, and lately by the Lon. Tract Society:
V. British Reformers, iu vol. ix.
CAR
CAR
Careless, Franck, i.e. Richard Head, q. v. Tho
Flo:Uin,i,' Island. 1073, 4to.
Careless, Thomas. Serra., 1661. 4to.
Carew, Abel. Against Rome and Papal Supromaey,
fol.
Carew, Sir Alevaiider. Speech and Confession,
1614. J to.
Carew, or Carey, Lady Elizabeth. Marian, the
Pair Queen of Jewry; a Tragedy. Lmi.. 1613, 4to. Lang-
baiue is so lost to gallantry as to remark
"For the Play itself. It is very well IVnVI. considering those
times and the Lady's sex." — Account of the EnnUsh Vramalick
Pvetx, 1(391.
We suspect — although he does not say so — that "The
Lady's Sex'' was the female sex. Oidys, in his MS. com-
ments upon Langbaine, supposes " her name should be
spelt Gary, and that she was the wife of Sir Henry Gary."
The Tragedy is forgotten, but tho Ghorus in Act the 4th,
Revenge of Injuries, embodies sentiments of Christian
morality which should never be out of date.
Carew, George, Earl of Totness. and Baron Carew,
of Cloptun, President of Munster, 1557-1629, subdued a
fonnidable rebellion in Ireland, defeated the Spaniards on
their lauding at Kinsale in 1601, and obliged them to
abandon their projects against Ireland. The following
work pub. by his natural son, Thomas Stafford, has been
ascribed to his lordship: Pacata Hibernia; Ireland ap-
peased aud redveed. or an Historic of tho late Warres of
L'eland. especially within the Province of Movnster, vnder
the Government of George Carew, Knight, &c., (1599-
1602,) Lon., 16:i3. fol.
" If any one takes the pains of lookin;; into the preface, and
into p. yii7, and other parts of Pacata liiljernia. he will be con-
Tiuced that Carew was not the author of it; but it was probably
compiled by his directions, to which he furnished the materials."
Waltkii Harris: Ware's Jrelutid. iii. '629.
" This [Treat and learned nobleman wrote other boolcs relating
to thi' affairs of Ireland; forty-two volumes whereof are in the
Archlii.-^liop of Canterbury's library at Lambeth; and four volumes
more of collections from the originals, in the Cotton Library." —
Bishop Xicolsos: Irish Hist. Library.
Sir George translated from the French version, Maurice
Regan's Fragment of the History of Ireland. See Harris's
Hlbernica, 1770. He also rendered into English The
Story of King Richard the Second, and Harris infers that
he drew up The Genealogy of the Fitzgeralds.
''lie also made several collections, notes, and extracts for the
writing of the History of the. liejgn of K. Hen. V., which were re-
mitted into the History of Great Britain, dx., published by Job.
Speed." — Alhe.n. Oxrm.
" He was a great patron of learning and lover of antiquities." —
Horace Walpole.
'' His History of the "Wars of Ireland, in which he was himself a
principal agent, is written with the unaffected openness aud sin-
cerity of a soldier." — CJraxoer.
Camden speaks of Carew with high respect,
" On account of his great love for antiriuities. and for the liirht
he gave him into some of the affaiis of Ireland." Yah Britannia,
and Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Carew, Sir George, second son of Thomas Carew,
Esq.. was ambassador to the Court of France, and ou his
return home, in 1609, drew up and adilressed to James I.,
A Relation of the State of France ; with the Characters of
Henry IV.. and the Principal Persons of that Court. The
Earl of Hardwicke placed the MS. into the hands of Dr.
Birch, who pub. it with his Historical View of the Nego-
tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus-
sels, 1592-1617, Lon., 1749, Svo. Gray, the poet, com-
mends it as an excellent performance. See Mason's
Memoirs.
'• It is a model upon which Embassadors may form and digest
their notions and representations."' — Dr. BiRcn.
Carew, Geo., Administrator of Sir AVilliam Courten,
pub. some pieces relative to his estate, and some political
treatises, 1659-62.
Carew, Richard, 1555-1620. brother of Sir George, '
the ambassador, pub. some translations from the Italian,
and wrote a True and Ready Way to learn the Latin
Tongue, but is best known by his excellent Survey of
Cornwall, Lon., 1602, 4to ; again, in 1723 and 1769;" but
the best edition is that of Francis, Lord De Dunstanville,
with additions, Lon., 1811, 4to.
''The survey of this county is so exactly taken by R. Carew,
Esquire, that there will be only occasion for posterity carefully to
continue a work so excellently begun; and to which Mr. Camden
acknowledges himself indebted for the chief light he had in these ;
parts."— Bisaop N'icolsox: Eng. Hist. Librnry.
'* Although more Histories of Cornwall have been written than
of any other county, they are all wretched productions: and the
Survey of Cartw remains beyond all comparison the most accmate
and satisfactory." — Lowndes.
Carew, Richard* Excellent Helps by a Warming
22
Stone, Lon., 1652, 4to. Tho Warming Stone first found
out, &e., Lon., 8vo.
Carew, Thomas, b. about 15S9, d. 16.39, gentleman
of the Privy Chamber, and Sewer in Ordinary to Charles
I., studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. His life
was that of an accomplished courtier, dividing his time
between attendance on his royal master, amusement, and
the composition of many beautiful little poems, which are
sometimes highly censurable as partaking of the licentious
tone which disgraces so many of the writers of his period.
For this fault the author was sincerely penitent. Many
of his pieces were set to music by H. and W. Lawes, and
other composers aud published in his lifetime. Othera
appeared after his death in a 12mo vol., 164U; again in
1642, '51, "70, '72; with notes by Thomas Davies, 1772,
12mo ; a later edit. pub. at Edin., and a Selection by John
Fry of Bristol.
" A very insij^nificant performance."
Carew's Coclum Britannicum, a Masque, was erroneously
ascribed to Sir William Davenant, and is in his works,
1673, fol. Garew was a great favourite both with his poet-
ical brethren and the fashionable circles of the day.
"Carew's sonnets were more in request than any puefs of his
time, that is. between 1630 and 1040. They were many of them
set to music by the two famous composers. Henry and William
Lawes, and other eminent masters, aud sung at court in their
masques." — Oldys's M^. notes on Langhatne.
Carew was one of the models upon which Pope formed
his style. The preceptor polished his lines with elaborate
care, for which he was gently rebuked by his friend, Sir
John Suckling :
" Tom Carew was next, but he had a fault
That would not well stand with a laureat:
His muse was hide-bound, and the issue of 's brain
Was seldom brought forth but with trouble aud pain."
l^ssions of I'oet-s, in Frogmenta aurea, or jioems, Lon„ 1C48, 8to.
" But this is not to be taken for the real Jud,Lz:ment of that Ex-
cellent Poet; and he was too good a Judge of Wit to be ij;;noi-ant
of Mr. Carew's Worth, and his Talent in Poetry, and had he
pleased, he could have said as much in his commendation as S'ir
William d'Avenant in those Stanzas writ to him.'' — Langbaine's
Draviatick Fodry.
" Thomas Carew, one of the favoured poets of his time for the
charming sweetness of his lyric odes and amorous sonnets. . . .
was untimely suatched away by death, in the prime of his years,
to the great reluctancy of many of his poetical acquaintances." —
Athen. Oxou.
" He was reckoned among the chiefest of his time for delicacy
of wit and poetic fancy ; by the strength of which his extant poems
still maintain their feme amidst the curious of the present age." —
Phillips.
"He was a person of a pleasant and facetious wit, and made
many poems, (especially in the amorous way.) which for the sharp-
ness of the fancy, and the elegance of the language in which that
fancy was spread, were at least equal, if not superior, to any of
that time. But his glory was. th.at after fifty years of his life spent
with less severity or exactness than it ought to have been, he died
with great remor.se fur that license, and with the greatest mani-
festation of Christianity that his best friends could desire." — Eabl
OF Clarendon.
" Elaborate and accurate." — LloyrVs Worthies.
''An elegant and almost forgotten writer, whose poems deserve
to be revived.'' — Bishop Percy.
" Carew has the ease without the pedantry of Waller, and per-
haps less conceit. lie reminds us of the best manner of Lord
Lyttelton. Waller is too exclusively considered as the first man
who brought versification to any thing like its present standard.
Carew's pretensions to the same merit are seldom sufficiently
either considered or allowed." — Headley's Sdect Eeaidies of Ancient
English Poetry., Lon., 1787, 2 vols. Svo.
" His lines are often very harmonious, but not so artfully con-
structed or so uniformly pleasing as those of Waller. He is re-
markably nnefjual ; the best of his little poems (none of more than
thirty lines are good) excel all of his time; but after a few lines
of great beauty, we often come to some ill-expressed, or obscure,
or weak, or inharmonious passage. Few will hesitate to acknow-
ledge that he has more fancy and more tenderness than Waller,
but less choice, less judgment and knowledge where to stop, less
of the equality which never offends, less attention to the unity
and thread of his little pieces." — Hallam: Jntrodtic. to Lit. Hist.
"The want nl I'mMh-'ss and expansion in Carew's thoughts and
subjects exiludrs liini from rivalship with great poetical names;
nor is it difficult, even within the narrow pale of his works, to dis
cover some faults of affectation, and of still more objectionable in-
delicacy. But among the poets who have walked in the same
limited path, he is pre-eminently beautiful, and deservedly ranks
among the earliest of those who gave a cultivated grace to our
lyrical strains." — CampbeWs English Poets.
Carew, Thomas* The Rights of Elections, Lon.,
1755. fol.
Carey, Alice, b. 1820, near Cincinnati, Ohio, contri-
buted for several years to Western periodicals before the
publication of the first collection of her poems, which ap-
peared in Phila. (1849) in a volume entitled Poems, by
Alice and Phebe Carey. She has since pub. Clovernook,
or Recollections of Our Neighbourhood in the West, 1851 ;
Hagar, a Story of To-Day; Lyra, and other Poems, 1852,*
Clovernook, 2d series, and Clovernook Children, 1854:
337
CAR
CAR
Poems, Including the Tla^callan Maiden, a Romance of the 1
Golden Age of Tezcuco J Married, not Mated, a Novel; and
Holy wood, a Novel, (1855.) I
" The poems of Alice Carey evince no ordinary power of iniagina- i
tion." — ^T'Ttli Am. RevUw. \
" No American woman has evinced in prose or poetry any thing ,
like the genius of Alice Carey." — Wt.'^tminster Keview. i
"She appears to combine the fine qualities of Mrs. Elizalieth ,
Barrett Browning with the best graces of pastoral poetry." — Jour-
nal des Dibais. Paris. i
'■We do not hesitate to predict for these sketches [Clovernook]
a wide popularity. They bear the true stamp of genius — simple, I
natural, truthful — and evince a keen sense of the humour and |
pathos, of the comedy and tragedy of life in the country. No one i
who has ever read it can forget the sad and beautiful story of Mary I
Wildermings; its weird fancy, tenderness, and beauty; its touch- |
ing description of the emotions of a sick and suffering human spi- J
rit, and its exquisite rural pictures."' — J. G. Whittier. j
'' It is impossible to deny that she has original and extraor- !
dinary poweis, or that the elements of genius are poured forth in '
her verses with an astonishing richness and prodigality." — E. P. \
Whipple.
" Alice Carey evinces in many poems a genuine imagination and
a creative energy that challenges peculiar praise. Vie have per-
haps no other author, so young, in which the poetical faculty is so
largely develnped." — R. W. Griswuld. See, also, Mrs. Hale's Wo- I
man's Record.
" Her characters are remarkable, considering their variety, for '
fidelity to nature, and her sentiments are marked by womanly I
delicacy, humanity, and reverence for religion; while over all is ,
the charm of a powerful imagination, with fi'e<nient manifestations I
of the most quiet and delicious humour." — Prof. .Tno, p. Hart. |
"The author has already given proof of her genius in the de- ■
partment of poetry, and in the present volume she shows the pos- j
session of no less decided talent for narrative, and the delineation
of character." — W. C. Bryant.
Carey, David. Pleasures of Nature, &c., and other
poems, 1S03, Svo. The Reign of Fancy ; a Poem, 3S04,
12mo. Secrets of the Castle ; a Novel, 1806. 2 voLs. 12mo.-
Picturesque Scenes; or a Guide to the Highlands, ISll,
Svo. Craig Phadric. &c. ISIO. Svo.
Carey, Edward, M.D. Trans, of Dr. L. J. De Jough's
treatise on Cod Liver Oil; with an Appendix and Cases,
Lon., Svo.
" As a most useful addition to our knowledge on this interesting
subject, we recommend the study of Dr. De .biugh's treatise, ex-
tended as it is, in its present form, by its able commentator." —
Lon. Liincet.
Carey, George. A Plani>:phere, or Map of the prin-
cipal Stars in the Northern Hemisphere, Edin., ISl-i; on
a Sheet.
Carey, George Saville, d. 1807, aged 64, son of
Henry Carey, the musical composer and poet, travelled
from town to town through England for furty years, giving
" lectures," or rather singing songs of his own composition.
If their poetical merit was not of the first order, it is yet
to be recorded to his credit, that, following his father's
example, he was careful to exclude every thing of an im-
moral tendency from his entertainments. The Inoculator,
C, 1766. Svo. The Cottagers, 0., 1766, Svo. Liberty
Chastised, T. C, 1768, Svo. Shakspeare's Jubilee, M.,
17()'.t. Svo. The Old Women Weatherwise. Int., 1770, Svo.
The Magic Girdle, Burl.. 1770, -Ito. The Nut-Brown Maid,
CO., 1770, 12mo. Noble Pedlar, Burl.. 1770, 4to. Ana-
lects, 1771, 2 vols. 12mo. Mimickry, 1776, ]2mo. Rural
Ramble. 1777, Svo. Poetical Efforts. 1787, 12mo. Dupes
of Fancy, F., 1792, Svo. Balnea, 1799, Svo. Eighteen
Hundred, being a Collection of Songs, Tewkesbury, ISOO.
'■ His talents and musical taste were such as uii'jht have raised
him to eminence, had he cultivated them with diligence, or had
he not been obliged to provide for the day that was passing over
him. . . . He wrote a great variety of songs, in which, like his
father, he never once trespassed on decency or good manners." —
Bioff. Dramat.
Carey, or Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 1596-
1661, eldest son of Robert, first Earl of Monmouth, was
admitted a Fellow Commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, at
the age of 15, and took the degree of B,A. in 1613. He
was made a Knight of the Bath in 1616. In 1623 he was
known by the name of Lord Lepington, his father's title
before he was created Earl of Monmouth. In 1639 he be-
came Earl of Monmouth.
'■ Being then noted fur a person well skill'd in the modern lan-
guages, a^id a general scholar; the fruit whereof he found in the
troublesome times of rebellion, when by a tbrced retiredness. he
was capacitated to exercise himself in studies, while others of the
nobility were fain to truckle to their inferiors for comp.any's sake."'
•~Atk<n. Oxim.
Horace Walpole considers that this pleasant employment
of time to which Wood refers was his lordship's chief in-
ducement to authorship.
" He seems to have distrusted his own abilities, and to have
made the fruits of his studies his amusement, rather than the
method of his lame. Though there are several large volumes
translated by him, we have scarce any thing of his own composi-
tion ; and are as little acquainted with hLs character as with his
genius." — Royal and NdbU AiUhurs.
338
The History of the late Wars of Christendom, Lon,,
1641, fob
" r believe this (which Wood says he never saw) is the same work
with his translation of ifir Francis Biondi's History of the Civil
Wars of England, between the Houses of York and Lancaster." —
Horace Wai-pole.
Historical Relations of the United Provinces, and of
Flanders, 1652, fob; trans, from Bentivoglio. History
of the Wars in Flanders, 1652, fob ; again, 1651, 78 ; also
from Bentivoglio.
" Bentivoglio is reckoned as a writer among the very first of his
age." — Hallam.
Politic Discourses in 6 Books, 1657, fob ; and History of
Venice, 1658, fob ; both trans, from Paul Parata, a no-
ble Venetian. His lords^hip also trans, from Senault, Man
become Guilty; or the Corruption of his Nature by Sin.
Romulus and Tarquin from Malvezzi ; and from the works
of Boccalini, Capriata, and Prlorati: the last (History of
France) he did not live to fini.sh. It was completed by
W. Brent, and pub. 1676. '77. His Amelia, a New Eng-
lish Opera, was pub. in 1632, Svo, and The Use of Pas-
sions, Lon.. 1649 and 1671. Svo.
His brother, Thomas Carey, was the author of some
occasional poems, one of which was set to music by Henry
Lawes, and will be found in his Ayres and Dialogues,
1653.
Carey, Henry, d. 1743, a musician and poet, was the
father of George Saville Carey, {q. r.) who inherited his
father's facility in composition. Poems. Lon., 1713, Svo;
1720, 12mo ; 1729, 4to. Verses on Gulliver's Travels,
1727, Svo. Cantatas and Essays, Lon., 1724, '32. His
Farce of the Contrivances, 1815. and Hanging and Mar-
riage, 1722, are among the best-known of his pieces. His
Dramatic Works were pub. in 1743, 4to: a list will be
found in Biog. Dramat. The cfnssical ballad beginning
"Of all the Girls that are so smart," or '• Sally in our
Alley," claims Carey as its author. The Musical Century,
2 vols, fob, was pub. in 1740. As we are fond of literary
coincidences, we shall record one which we discover in
reading the preface to " The Musical Century." It so
happened that our learned friend, the distinguished parent
of the new school of Political Economy — Henry C. Ca-
rey, (we wish that that C. could be expunged to render
the coincidence more perfect!) published in 1853 a seriea
of Letters on International Copyright, in which the sub-
ject of Copyright iu its general aspects is treated with
much vigour and ability. As regards the soundness of
Mr. Carey's doctrines, we are of course too wise to give
an opinion, surrounded as we are in this volume with such
a host of authors of opposing sentiments. Now it so
happens that Henry Carey, of musical memory, favours
us with some lines upon this subject in the Preface to his
Mu&ical Century:
'What retarded the publication thus long, was the prospect I
had from an act depending in Parliament, for securing the right
of copies toauthorsor their assigns, &c. ; it being almost incredible
how much 1 have suffered by having my works pyrated; my loss
on that account, for many years past, amounting to little less than
£300 per annum, as 1 can easily make appear to any person, con-
versant in publication.
" As the justice of such a law is self-evident; and an act already
made in favour of engravers, I doubt not but the wisdom and
humanity of the Legislature will, one time or other, regulate this
affair, not confining the property of authors, &c. to one particular
branch, but extending it to the benefit of arts and sciences in ge-
neral ;
'• * Oh ! could I see the day !' "
This coincidence is worth noticing, certainly.
Sir John Hawkins thus sums up the characteristics of
Carey as a musician and an author:
'■ As a musician Carey seems to have been of the first of the lowest
rank; and as a poet, the lastoftbat class of which Durfey was the
first; with this difference, that in all the songs and poems written
by him on wine. love, and such kinds of subjects, he seems to havo
manifested an inviolable regard for decency and good manners."
The last line is well enough, and could Carey have read
Sir John's estimate, we may imagine him exclaiming with
the vanquished monarch, *' All is lost, save honour !"
Carey, Heury, Lord Viscount Falkland. See Cary.
Carey, Henry. Essays, &c., pub. under the signature
of .lidin Waters.
Carey, Henry C, b. 1793, at Philadelphia, son of
Matuew Carey, (7. r.) succeeded his father in his exten-
sive publishing business, in 1821, and continued in a pur-
suit so congenial to his literary taste, until 1838. In 1S24
he established the system of periodical trade-sales, which
are now the ordinary channels of exchange between book-
sellers. Mr. Carey inherited an inclination to investiga-
tions in Political Economy, and in 1836 gave the results
of his speculations to the world iu an Essay on the Rate
of Wages, which was expanded into The Principles of Po-
CAR
CAR
Utical Economy. 1837^0, 3 vols. 8vo. The novel position
assumed by Mr. Carey excited no little surprise among the
European Political Economists. This work has been pub-
lished in Italian at Turin, and in Swedish at Upsal.
" Basliat has taken from Carey ideas that the American Econo-
mist had developed, and had presented to his readers with so much
skill, and with such an impo&iuji mass of facts, as in truth to leave
in suspense the decision of even the most accomplished student of
his works. . . . Carey, and. after him, Bastiat. have thus intro-
duced a formula in relation to the measure of value, that I believe
is destined to be universally adopted. It is a most felicitous idea.
. . , His work cannot be omitted from our collection, nor can its
publication be delayed." — Professor Fa-rar a. Editor of the Bihlio-
Uca deW Economista.
**The most important product of political economy for the last
half century." — Journal des EcnnomUtes.
In 1838 Mr. Carey pub. The Credit System in France,
Great Britain, and the United States.
"An American author, Mr. 11. C. Carey, well known by several
excellent works, seems to me, in this matter, (Currency.) and espe-
cially in the investijiation of causes and effects, to have succeeded
bettor than the English inquirers. As early as 18-38. he had in his
book — The Credit System in Knmee, Great Britain, and the United
States — clearly shown the primary causes of the perturbations oc-
carring almost periodically in commerce and currency, and that
the cause was the same iu France as in England." — M. CoguEUN:
Jieivif d€3 Deux Mondes.
"The best work on the credit system that has ever been pub-
lished."— Journal dejs Eco7iomixt''s.
In 1848 Mr. Carey pub. The Past, The Present, and The
Future.
*' A work whose desigin is to show that men are everywhere now
doinR precisely as has heretofore been done, and that they do so in
obedience to a great and universal law, directly the reverse of that
taught by Ricardo. Malthus, and their successors." — Men of iUt
Time. New York, 18.S2, q. v.
" It is. as our readers see, the theory of progress, redeemed from
the wildnessofphilosophical speculations, economically established,
and brought home to us by the fects." — Dictionnaire dc VEcononiic
Politique.
" The field surveyed by Mr. Carey in the Past and Present is a
broad one — broader than that of any other book of our time — for
it discusses every interest of man." — American Whig Hevicio.
" One of the strongest and most original writers of the age."—
Westminster Ifeview.
'• Every friend of agriculture ought to read IMr. Carey's remark-
able and convincing work." — S!,-in tier's Jour Jial <f Ai/ricidtnre.
" A volume of extensive information, deep tbi>n:_'ht, hiu'h intel-
ligence, and, moreover, of material utility." — Lim. Miming Adver.
This work also excited great attention abroad, and has
recently been published in Swedish at Stockholm. For se-
veral years Mr. C. contributed all the leading articles, and
many of those less important, to The Plough, the Loom,
and the Anvil. A number of the.^e papers have been col-
lected in a volume entitled The Harmony of Interests, Agri-
cultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial, and others of
them in a pamphlet called The Prospect; Agricultural,
Manufacturing, Commercial, and Financial, at the opening
of 1851.
Blackwood's Magazine remarks of The Harmony of In-
terests, Ac:
"Mr. Carey, the well-known statisti-'al writer nf America, has
supplied us with ample materials tor conducting such an imiuiry;
and we can safely recommend his remarkable work to all who wish
to iovestiirate the causes of the progress or decline of industrial
communities.''
In 1853 appeared The Slave-Trade ; Domestic and Fo-
reign; why it exists; and how it may be extinguished.
"It is an invaluable addition to the literature of the country
and of the world." — IVcw York Tribune.
" Mr. Carey has clearly substantiated his claim to be the leading
writer now devoted to the study of political economy. In his
pregnant discussions he has not only elevated the scientitic posi-
tion of his country, but nobly subserved the cause of humanity."
— A'w York Qu'irtf.rlif.
Mr. Carey has also pub. {in 1840) Answers to the Ques-
tions, What Constitutes Currency? What are the Causes
of its Unsteadiness ? And What is the Kemedy ? And Let^
ters on International Copyright, (1853.) In 1S58 he gave
to the world vols. i. and ii. of an important work, to be
comprised iu 3 vols. Svo, entitled Principles of Social
Science ; also Letters to the President of the U.i^.f Svo. We
subjoin an examination of Mr. Carey's merits as a teacher
of political economy, prepared for us by one of the most
eminent of American professors of this important science:
"Mr. Carey, not only in his own country, but throughout Eu-
rope, where his writings have been extensively studied, both in
their original language and in translations, is the acknowledged
founder and head of a new school of Political Economy. We can
only indicate the fundamental difference between his system and
that in undisputed supremacy when be began his contributions to
social science. This however will suffice to show how eminently
hopeful, progressive, and democratic, are the doctrines which he
proclaimed, and with what fulness of significance those who have
accepted them are styled the American school.
" Adam Smith's publication of the Wealth of Nations was con-
temporaneous with the opening of the American Revolution. That
work explained the manner in which the course of nature tends
to the concurrent and harmonious progress in well-being of all
classes of society, and how, whenever the feet is wanting — wher-
ever a community is stationary, or some classes fkll back in the
scale of comfort, while others advance — it is an anomaly which
may be traced to human interference. If all the industrial orders,
labourers, capitalists, and land-owners, fail to march forward with
the procession of time towards a bett^^r and steadily improving con-
dition, Adam Smith found the cause in misgoverument by earthly
rulers, not iu any defect of providential arrangements. There had
been little more than time fur the scholars of the continent to make
themselves acquainted with Smith's system, when the convulsion
of the French Kevolution began. The toiling millions hadjuuiped
with a sure instioct that needed no bookish instruction to the con-
clusion that their industry ought, in the natural course of things,
to have secured the enjoyment of the fruits that every day eluded
their grasp, to fall into the hands of the idle and protiigate: — that
the products of labour were abundant for the material comfort of
all, and that the false and partial distribution by which they were
defrauded of their fair share, was due to the wickedness or incom-
petence of their rulers. They were prompt to seek the remedy in
governmental reforms, Adam Smith had prepared the literary
class for sympathizing with their convictions and their aspirations.
Godwin's Political Justice was, in conservative England, among
the boldest and sharpest protests against the defects and failures
of the existing social organization, uttered with a calmness, sobrie-
ty, and force of reasoning, that were not to be met by deuouncing
it as Democratic and Kevolutionary, which sufficed for a reply to
more intemperate writers. Mr. Malthus, a clergyman of the Esta^
blished Church, while studying to refute it, was impressed with the
substantial justice of the plea for reform, upon the received data
for argument, and became satisfied that the evils of which the re-
publicans complained admitted of no detence which should come
short of demonstrating the neassHy of then- existence, or throw
the responsibility for it upon the sutferers.
" It was as an answer to Godwin's book that Malthus composed
his celebrated Essixy on Population, the theory of which was at (>nce
accepted and remains to this day as the strongest apology of which
despotism is capable. The ruling classes were not only excidpated,
but thL-y were taught to 'harden their hearts against the people*
by a theory which ascribed the miseries of the governed to the
regular operation of a fixed law of human and physical nature,
which even that charity which endeavoured to alleviate iudi\idual
suffering, could only aggravate. JIalthus assigned, as the effective
cause of poverty and wretchedness in the masses, a supposed law
of population, according to which it has a constant tendency to
outrun the growth of capital — the number of mouths to be fed to
exceed the food that should till them. The human race, according
to this theory, has implanted in it such instincts and powers that
under their free action it would increase in geometrical ratio, dou-
bling every twentv-five years. The means of subsistence, on the
other hand, are, as he believed, limited to an increase in arithmeti-
cal ratio. There must consequently, in the natural order of provi-
dence, be a constantly increasing disparity between the amount of
property in a community — especially that of the first necessity like
food — and the number of persons to divide, with a steady and ceasfr
less approximation towards famine. If. in point of fact, the press-
ure of population upon subsistence had been seen not to grow at
the territic rate which the law would demand, it was due to almost
perpetual wars waged at the instigation of kings and nobles — to fre-
quent famines, resulting often from the devastations of war — to pes-
tilence, brooding in the foul cabins of the poor, and fastening upon
them because they were poor, ill-fed, ill-clothed, and ill-sheltered.
Some little — if the poor had only been wiser, and piously submis-
sive to the decrees of Heaven — should have been owing to that
'moral restraint' which it was the object of Mr. Malthus to incul-
cate— to abstinence from matrimony, or, if the imprudence of matri-
mony were committed, to defeating its purpose — the propagation of
offspring. Alas, how little credit could the poor claim on this score!
Scandalously prolific had they been ever and evei-ywhere, and the
weak charity of their betters had, by administering relief to the
destitute, and thus interposing between their folly in begetting
children, and its heaven-ordained penalty, diverted their attention
from what Mr. Mill tells us is the only remedy, 'the grand practi-
cal problem — to find the means of limiting the number of births.'
" As man is a producer of food, as well as a consumer, the organic
law of Malthusianism required some supplementary dogma which
should explain why it is that the race cannot make its labour pro-
ductive in the ratio of its numbers. This was soon supplied in
the theory of Rent, which goes by the name of Kicardo. and is
based upon the allegation that settlement .and culture always be-
gin upon the most fertile and best-situated lands, and as they
are occupied by the growth of population, men necessarily recede
to soils of progressively deteriorating quality, and possessing less
advantages of situation. Kach generation of cultivators expend-
ing their energies upon soils yielding returns inferior in propor-
tion to their numbers to those tilled by their predecessors, each
increment to the population would harvest a less and less incre-
ment of food, and with every year a larger proportion of the entire
available labour of the community would be required for supply-
ir»T its primary necessity. This, if true — and it passed without
question until refuted by Mr. Carey— was a satisfactory and cor-
roborative explanation of the laws of population. It proved that
a steady declension towards misery and starvation would be the
inevitable lot of the masses, even upon the supposition that all
the means of subsistence were fairly and equally partitioned. But
the theory did more. It taught that as soon as the necessities of
society drove men to the cultivation of land of the second quality,
the owners of that of the first grade acquired the power ti> charge
for its use a rent equivalent to the difference in the crops of the
two. When land of the third quality became necessary to supply
the increasing mouths, the second yielded a rent, and the rent of
the first was also advanced by an amount equal to the difference
between the second and third. Consequently the smaller the sup-
plv of food became, the larger the proportion of it absorbed by the
landlords, and the less that of the labourers. This established
the necessary growth of a landed aristocracy, whose wealth and
: power wax, as those of the people wane. Nor was this all. It
CAR
taught that the price of all raw productions was necessarily fixed
by that of the portion raised with the greatest difficulty and ex-
pense, that is, on the worst soils under cultivation which pay no
rent. Kent therefore did not enter into price; but pi ice it was
held was divided between wages and profits, profits being the
highest when wages are least. The interests of the labourer and
the capitalist are thus held to be directly antagonistic, they having
to struggle with each other about the division of a continually de-
creasing share left by the landlord for the two.
CAR
afce and other costly amelioration. By geopraphical comparison
of contempoianeous commuuities, he shows that the lowest in the
se-Je of population and wealth are tbose in which the inlt-nor soils
are alone cultivated, and the better lie waste; and that the degree
to which they have subdued the better lands accurately marks
their progress. In a prolonged discussion in which Economists of
all parts of Europe have taken part, he has repeatedly— and in
vain— challenged the maintainers of the Uicardian hypothesis to
name a single spot where men have not commenced on the poor
ising share lelt bv the landlord lor the two. i .^..^..^ « =■..»,.„ "^jj ,; ivT: h.r,„, „i,i, i,„.rr,sino numbers and
If ^his system be true, the stratification of society after the , - >;- -^P^rir'^tlVa': n ' eVd ^\o "hTn™?^^^
aristocratic models is as certain and inevitable as any fact in Geo-
logy, and all dreams of the eqnality and brotherhood of man, or
of any permanent and practical amelioration of the condition of
the uiany as vain, as wuuM be projects for altering the location of
the eternal rorks. and making' the cranite of the globe overlay the
limestone. Well was it termed the ' Dismal science.' that thus taught
' the very philosophy of despair, resting upon an arithmetic of ruin.'
Itisuot singular that essentially retrograde and anti-democratic as
it was in its origin and its spirit, it should liave been welcomed in
Europe at a time when conservatism was shaken with strange fears
of change, and perplexed for a plausible answer to the demands of
political juslice; but it is strange that it should have been accepted
in this countrv. and be inculcated expressly, or by necessary im-
plication, by those who claim to be pre-eminently democratic.
-Such was the revolting aspect of Political Kconomy, when, in
183i5, Mr. Carey published his Essay on the Rate of Wages, the
main step out of the gliwm of the Ricardian system gained by
this first essay was its proof that profits and wages do not vary
inversely, but that high wages are an infallible evidence of pros-
perity, and of the rapid increase of capital: thus establishing har-
mony, instead of antagonism, between the interests of labourers
and of capitalists. We do not dwell on the importance of this
position, because Mr. Carey in his progress soon brought the par-
ticular truth under a more general law, as is ordinarily the case
when an empiiical system begins to grow into science. In 1837
he published the first Part of his Principles of Political Economy,
followed lietween that period and 184U by the three remaining
Parts. A new and very simple, but, as an Italian Economist has
justlv styled it. a very sagacious, expression of the measure or
limit of Value, as consisting not in the labour expended in the pro-
duction of any thing, but in the labour required to reprfiduce it,
at the time of estimation, marks the opening of this work. It
proceeds to establish these necessary consetiuences: — That the value
of existing capital is constantly falling with the advant,iges of as-
sociation, and the acquisition of improved machinery which attend
the growth of population ; for these reduce the labour of repro-
ducing the various commodities of which capital is made up. and
facilitate the construction of new machinery, by which still further
economy may be effected. That labour is therefore steadily grow-
ing in its power to command capital, and, e conversn, the power of
capital over labour as steadily diminishing. That labour and capi-
tal in their combiued action are continually producing a larger re-
turn for the same outlay, of which larger return an inrrmKinft prn-
portiim, and of course an increased absolute qnantit\, gMt-s tn the
labourer, while the share of the capitalist dimiiiislns in its pri>-
pnrtion. but is taken from a return so large as to yield him for that
smaller proportion, a. (lu^niity increased in its absolute amount.
Nii tiuth no luminous as that contained in this grand law of Dis-
tribution had ever before lighted up the p.ath of inquiry into Social
Science. It gave the clew by which History is made intellitrible
and consistent, for it alone explains the possiliility of that physi-
cal, social, and political progress through w hich aU classes advance
in their dominion over the powers and the stores of nature, with
a constant approximation towards equality in their relations to
each other, in other words towards Democracy.
"The doctrines of Kicardo were not merely negatived, but re-
versed, when in the same work it was shown that land owes all its
Talue to labour, and so far from exchanging for an amount of la-
hour equal to that expended in bringing it to its existin-^^ condi-
tion, never commands more than the quantity requisite to bring
new land to an equally productive condition; — a quantity much
inferior, because every improvement enables men to expend their
labour more advantageously than their predecessoi-s. and thus to
reproduci' land, that is to say, all those ameliorations and advan-
tages of market which give value to land, at a cheaper rate. That
rent only represents the interest on the cost of reproduction, and
therefore the profits of I;inded investment obey the same laws which
govern capital in other forms; the landlmd nlilaining a decreasing
proportion, though an increasing ijiniiiiiv. IVum the crops of his
domain. Jlr. Carey arrived at this l■^>nl■ln^itnl. though he then
believed with liicardo in the 'decreasing feilility of the soil.' by
finding a sufficient compensation in the enhanced power of labour
through the aid of capital (other than raw i»roduce) growing at a
rate sufficiently more rapid than that of population to countervail
the disadvantages of its being forced to the cultivation of the in-
ferior lands. He has brought a large portion of the European
economists, as recent discussions prove, up to this stage of his pro-
gress— a point where they must renounce Malthusianism entirely,
and the errors of Kicardo in great part. But the incongruity re-
mains that "the decreasing fertility of the soil" is an ever-growing
impediment to that accumulation of capital, by which at any given
point its decreased productiveness and enhanced demand for the
application of labour may be overcome, and this stumbling-block
remained until 1848.
*'In that ye.arMr. Carey published The P.ist, Present, and Fu-
ture, in which he attacked the central fiilsehood of Ricardo's sys-
tem, and demonstrated that the fact is the very reverse of his
hypothesis. By an elaborate historical investigation, he shows
conclusively that in all countries in an advanced stace of civiliza-
tion, men, instead of beginning settlement and cultivation upon
the best soils, have begun upon the poorest, the licht, sandy soils
of the uplands, which are easily tilled by the rudest and least effi-
cient tools, and that with the improvement of machinery, and the
increased powers of association attending the growth of popnl.v
tion. they have proceeded regularly to the heavy bottom-lands
covered with dense timber, and requiiing great outlays for drain-
310
wealth: or' where they have not receded to the poorer with the in-
roads of poverty and depopulation. The acquisition of this truth
gave harmony and completeness to the system. It accounted lor
an accelerated rate in the accumulation of capital, by showing how
a decreasing proportion of a growing community is able to supply
the whole with food and material, and an increasing proportion is
left free to devote its labour to the conversion of that material;
while it taught the philosophy of concentration as the means of
facilitating exchange, and the diversification of industry. It ex-
plained the prevalence of war, and of military institutions in the
earlier ages of society, by showing how and why it is that sparse
communities, finding themselves stinted in food, and imtigunng
themselves pinched in space, covet the territories of their neigh-
bours, and waste their energies in alternate aggression and deleuce
against the reprisal provoked by it,— how a military aristocracy
(and all aristocracies have been military in their origin) is possible
when wages are low. and the landlord taking two-thirds ot the
product of his fields in the shape of rent, is able to support a re-
tinue of men-at-arms equal in number to the cultivators, and be-
comes impossible as his proportion decreases, and that of the culti-
vators increases— how the latter successively emerge from the
condition of slaves, serfs, feudal vassals, to equality of political
rights, and Republican self-government. We have said enough to
indicate how naturally the system of Mr. Carey, shining over and
beyond the narrow field of material wealth— to which the old
school of Economists, not less from necessity, than from inclina-
tion, limits itself— lights up the whole realm of political interests,
and all the social relations of man. Slavery and the Slave Trade
published by Mr. Carey in 1850, is no more than an application tn
ej-teiiso to the elucidation of the particulartopic of principles clearly
established and developed in the preceding works. The circum-
stances and the policy which increase or diminish the power of
men to control their own labour and its fruits, are treated with
the same dispassionate logic as a physiiian would employ in treat-
ing of the cause and cure of malarious fevers, and equally irre-
spective of the colour or localitv of the patients. In fact, it is the
characteristic of Mr. Carey's system. th;.t having based it upon
physical facts, and thus brought it into affiliation with the positive
sciences, he pursues the same methods of investigation which have
conducted to precision and cert.-iinty in physical discovery ; and
thus arrives at those ' great constitutive laws in which dwell do-
minion and the power of prophecy.'
■'Our limits have confined us to the elucidation of the radical
distinction between the American and European systems, at the
expense of omitting any reference to the diversities of their out-
growth in the minor developments and collateral consequences.
The reader must explore them for himself and we trust will ere
long have new aid in the inquiry. It is the distinction of genuine
science that every step opens the way for further progress, and
that it tends to constant simplification, by bringing a wider range
of facts under general laws, diminishing in number as they en-
large in scope. We have reason to expect from Mr. Carey the pul>
lication of his maturest views in the order of their logical genesis.
This is usuallv the reverse of the order of discovery, and admits
of much greater condensation, for man's path to the central and
mother truth is through a converging spiral. As he has advanced
from circle to circle, he has announced his progress in treatises,
if not essentially polemic and critical, yet necessarily swelled by a
mass of evidence and illustration which may now be dismissed.
To prove empiiically that the planets revolve in ellipses, requiies
innumerable observations of their actual position and volumes
of figures, but the demonstration becomes brief and easy as soon
as the focus and the law of attraction have been ascertained.
■'Mr. Carey has been an industrious anonymous writer in Ma-
gazines and' Journals, in defence of the protective policy which
his theory for the first time made logically tenable, and reconciled
with the philosophy of Adam Smith, which those who quote with-
out reading, or read but in scraps, assume it to condemn. The Ilai^
niony of Interests— Agricultural. Manufacturing, and Commer-
cial, is devoted expressly to this topic."
Carey, John, LL.D., d. 1829, a native of Ireland, was
well known as the editor of more than 50 volumes of tlio
Regent's Classics, of Ainsworth's Ltitin DictioDary, &c.,
and author and translator of several useful works. AVo
notice the following valuable work; Schleusuer's Kew
Testament Lexicon, compressed into the Form of a Ma-
nual. Lon., 1826, 8vo.
'• The main principle of this volume is, that it contains all
Schleusuer's lexicographical interpretations, together with his
Scripture references, and thiswithout .Tbridgment; while nothing
is sacrificed but what, in a majority of instances, may be advan-
taseously dispensed with. . . . Dr. Carey's name is a guamntea
for correct impression.'" — Lo7i. Echciic Heview, N. S. xxvL 180.
Carev, John. See Cart.
Carey, ftlathew, 1760-1839, an eminent philan-
thropist, was a native of Dublin. His father, a man of
great intelligence, bestowed upon him nnd his five brothers
a libernl education, and they all subsequently became dis-
tingui.shed for their learning or literary taste. At tho
early age of 17, Mathcw pub. an Essay on Duelling, which
was'foUowed in 1779 by A Letter to the Catholics of Ire-
land, which caused much excitement; and compelled his
CAR
CAR
temporary exile to France, where he mnde the aequnintance
of Dr. Franklin, with whom, and with the Marquis de
Lafayette, Mr. Carey was on terms of frienHsIiip. Pietnrn-
in^ to Ireland, he estahlished the Volunteer's Journal,
which speedily took its place as the leading opposition
paper of the day, but pert;ecution fmm the *;overnment
led to his arrest and imprisonment, and finally forced him
in 17S;> to quit his country. Arrived in Philadelphia,
where he continued to rej^ide until his death in 1839. he
commenced his career in 17S5 as editor and proprietor of
the Penn.=ylvania Herald, and this was followed by the
American Museum, a monthly journal of which he was
also editor. This periodical extended to L'i volumes,
17S7-92, and forms a valuable record of the facts of that
period. Mr. Carey was author of numerous pamphlets on
various subjects of public interest, and of several books
which had much su^-cess. Of the^^e the earliest published
in America was a History of the Yl-Uow Fever of 1793, of
which four editions were published. In I^IO, 'IT, he pub.
Letters and Reflections upon the United States Bank. In
1814: appeared The Olive Branch, or Faults on lioth Sides,
Federal and Democratic, an appeal to the good sense of
the political parties of the day to lay aside their differences
during the pendency of the then existing war with Great
Britain: this paper speedily passed through ten editions,
comprising 10,000 copies.
" No publication has appeared since the formation of the Ame-
rican Government which contains such copious and authentic in-
formation of the state of the country."
In 181S appeared his ViiKlicnT Ilihprmcfv : an examina-
tion and refutation of the charges against his countrymen,
in relation to the alleged butcheries of Protestants in the
insurrection of 1640: this work passed through several
editions. In 1820 he gave to the world The New Olive
Branch, and in 1822 Essays on Political Economy, both
advocating the policy of protection to domestic manufac-
tures. It is worthy of remark that it is in this particular
department — the science of Political Economy — that one
of Mr. Carey's sons (see article IIknuv C. Carey) has be-
come so conspicuous a labourer. Mathew Carey also pub.
a volume of Miscellaneous Essays. As the mo^t eminent
publisher in the United States, he contributed largely to
the dissemination of sound intelligence amidst a popula-
tion too much occupied with the material cares of life to
be properly attentive to intellectual culture. Our limited
space prevents more than a passing notice of Mr. Carey's
zealous efforts on behalf of the helpless and afflicted — of
his persevering labours in the promotion of public improve-
ments and private happiness. We could say nothing so
much to the purpose as is contained in the following ex-
tract from a letter to the late Joseph Reed, Esq., of Phi-
ladelphia, (son of President Reed,) from the late John
Sergeant, Esq., long one of the most eminent statesmen of
the United States :
" Mr. Cai-ey— a man to whom we are all a preat deal more in-
debted than we are aware of. and who is entitled to respect and
regard for the generosity of his nature, the extent and variety of
his knowledge, and his devoted and disinterested exertions in the
public service. lie has jxiven more time, money, and labour to
the public than any man I am acquainted with. and. in truth,
hnn founded in Philadelphia a school of public spirit. This is bare
justice to an excellent citizen, to whom also I am free to acknow-
led'^^'e my own particular obligations for his uniform friendship." —
llcxlcn, April 19, 1S27.
The citizens of the United States will ever owe to Mr.
Carey's memory a debt of gratitude for his invaluable
labours as a citizen, a politician, and a philanthropist.
Carey, Patrick. Trivial Poems and Triolets; edited
by Walti-r Scott, Edin., 1820, 4to, from the original MS.
" These poems were previously printed, of which i^ir Walter
Scott was not aware." — Lowxpes.
Carey, Phoebe, sister of Alice Carey, b. 1825, has
pub., in addition to Poems by Alice and Phoebe Carey,
Poems and Parodies, 1854. See Carey, Alice.
'■ A Vein of tender and jiraceful religious sentiment pervades
her more serious compositions, and her Parodies comprise some of
thi? cleverest humorous verse produced in this country." — R. W.
Gri-jwolh.
Carey, or Cary, Robert, first Earl of Monmouth,
b. 1559 or 1560, d. IfirtO, a near relation of Queen Eliza-
beth, and father of Henry Carey, second Earl of Monmouth,
left MS. memoirs of his own life, which were lent by Lady
Elizabeth Spelman to John, Earl of Cork ant> Orrery,
(9. r.) who transcribed them with his own hand, and pub.
them in 1759. 8vo. They contain some curious particulars
oftbesecrethistory of the Elizabethan period. Horace Wal-
pole, who recommended their publication, is complimented
by the Earl of Cork as exhibiting (in his Royal and Noble
Authors)
'• So spirited a manner of writing, that he has given wit even to
a Dictionary, and vivacity to a catalogue of names."
Carey, Walter. See Carye. '*
Carey, William. Stranger's Guide through Lon-
don, ISd's, iSiii,..
Carey, William, D.D. Sermon, 1809, 4to.
Carey, William, D.D., 1701-1834, missionary to
Bengal, and Professor of Oriental Languages in the Col-
lege of Fort William. He pub. a number of phihdogical
works in Bengalee, Bhotanta. ttc, and assisted in the pre-
paration of many more issued from the Serampore presa.
He was the principal founder of the Serampore mission.
1. Sanscrit Grammar, 4to, pp. 1000. 2. Bengalee-and-
English Dictionary, 1815-25, 3 vuls. 4to. 3. Abridgment
of do. by Dr. Marshman, under the supervision of Dr.
Carey, 1827, 8vo. See Memoir by Rev. Eustace Carey,
Lon., 1836; Remarks on the Character and Labours of
Dr. Carey, by H. H, Wilson ; Life by Dr. Jos. Belcher,
Phila., 1856, ']2mo.
Carey, William Paulett, 1768-1839, a native of
Ireland, brother of John and Mathew Carey, (ante,) took
part in the struggle of 1798, and, subsequently removing
to England, distinguished himself as an eloquent advocate
of art, artists, and political reform, and as the author of
many critical and poetical contributions to the periodicals
of the day. Among those on whose behalf his pen was
early enlisted may be mentioned Chantrey, Hogan, Gib-
son, and James Montgomery.
Carie, Walter. See Carye.
Carier, BeiiJ., D.D. A Missive to K.James, Paris,
1649, 8vo ; his "motives for conversion to the Catholic
Religion," &.v.
Carion, John. The Thre Bokes of Cronicles, which
John Carion (a man singularly well seen in the Mathema-
tycal Sciences) gathered, with great diligence, of the best
authors that have written in Hebrew, (Jreek, and Latine,
&c. With this was printed (written by John Funche, a
Lutheran divine of Nureraburg) An Appendix to the Thre
Bokes of Cronicles; gathered by John Carion; conteyn-
ing all such notable thynges as be mentyoned in the Cro-
nicles, to have chaunced in sundry partes of the worlde,
from the yeare of Christ, 15.^2, to thys present yeare of
1550. Both pub. in one 4to vol., in 1550, by W. Lynne.
See Watt's Bild. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual.
Carkeet, Samuel. GospelAVorthies: Senn., 1719, 8vo.
Carkes!?e, Chas, Tonnage and Poundage, 1782, fol.
Carkesise, James. Lucida Intcrvalla, Lon., 1679, 4to.
Carlell, Lodowicke. Deserving Favourite; T. C,
1629, 4to. Passionate Lovers; T. C, 1665, 4to. Other
plays.
Carleton. Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light
of Nature, 1652, 4to. Written by Walter Chaiileton,
M.D.. tf. V.
Carleton, Captain. Hyde Marston, or a Sports-
man's Lite, Lon., 1S44. ."^ vols. p. 8vo.
"A lar^'c proportion cf the scenes are artual transcripts from
the reality, and it is eiiually certain that. ni:iny of the characters
are drawn from originals." — Lon. New Mmitfili/ Mjg.
Recreations in Shooting, with some Account of the
Game of the British Islands, 1846, p. 8vo.
Carleton, Sir Dudley, Lord Dorchester, 1573-
1631, an eminent statesman, was educated at Westmin-
ster, and at Christ Church, Oxford. Letters from and to
him during his Embassy in Holland, edited and pub. by
the Earl of Hardwicke, Lon., 1757. 4to ; with additions to
the Hist. Preface, 1775, 4to; 1780. His lordship was the
author of some piditical tracts, and some of his speeches
will be found in Rushworth's Collection.
•■ Kiuf; Charles used to say that he had two Secretaries of State,
the Lords Dorchester and Falkland; one nf whom was a dull nma
in comparison with the other, and yet pleased him the best; for
he always brought him his own thoughts in his own words; the
latter [Falkland] cloathed them in so tine a dre«s. that he did not
always know them aijain." — Sh- P. Warwick's Mfvioirs,
Carleton, George, D.D., d. 1628, born at Norham,
Northumberland, sent by Bernard Gilpin to Edmund Hall,
Oxford, 1576; Bishop of Llandaff, 1618; translated to
Chicliester, 1619. Heroici Characteres carmine, Oxon.,
1603, 4to. Tithes, Lon., 1606, 4to. On Jurisdiction. Re-
gal, Episcopal, and Papal, Lon., 1610, 4to. Concensus
EcclesijL' Catholicas Ac, Francf., 16l;i, 8vo. A Thankful
Remembrance of God's Mercy in the Deliverances of his
Church CejH^. Eliz. and James I., Lon., 1614, 4to. Trea-
tises against Judicial Astrology, Lon., 1624. Thirteeu
Sermons, 17;^6, 8vo. Other works.
•MVhom I have loved in regard of his sinjtular knowledge in
divinity, which he professeth; and in other more delightful litera-
ture, and am loved again of him.'* — Camiien.
'■ His good affections appear in his treatise, entitnled A Thank*
ful remembrance of God's mercy : solid judgment, in his Confu.
tation of Judicial Astrology; and clear invention, in other juve*
341
CAR
nile exercises. Indeed, when young, he was grave in his manners ;
80 when old he was youthful in his parts, even unto his death." —
Fullfrs W'irtfi'es.
Carleton, Captain George. Memoirs of an Eug-
lisli Officer, Lon., 1728, Svo. His Memoirs, Edin., 1808,
8vo ; pub. in 174-3. Carleton's Memoirs hiive been attri-
buted to Daniel De Foe and also to Dean Swift.
" Lord El-IOT ; * The best account of Lord Peterborouiih that I
have happened to meet with is in Captain Carleton's Memoirs.'
Johnson said he had never heard of the book. Lord Fallot sent it
to him. Johnson was about goinfi to bed when it came, but sat
up till he had read it throu','h; and remarked to Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds, ' I did not think a ijounri lord could have mentioned to me
a book in the Euf^lish history that was not known to me.' " — Bos-
wdJ's Johnwn.
Carleton, Lancelot. Letter to Rev. J. Stade, Read.,
1727.
Carleton, Thomas Conipton. Pliilosophia Uni-
versa, Antw., 1649. Tbeologia Scholastiea, Lcod., 1659-
64, 2 vols. fol.
Carleton, William, M.D. The Immortality of the
Human Soul demon.«trated by the Ligbtof Nature, 1699,4to.
Carleton, William, b. at Clogher. Tyrone, Ireland,
in )79S. was for some time tutor in a village school. He
resolved to try his fortune in Dublin, and in IS.'iO pub.
(anon.) Traits'and Stories of the Irish Peasantry, 2 vols.
Svo. Their great merit insured their immediate success.
A second series was pub. in 1832. In 1839 appeared Far-
dorougha, the Miser, or tbe Convicts of Lisnamona. In
1841 he pub. The Fawn of Spring Vale, The Clarionet,
and other Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. Mr. C. has also pub. Va-
lentine McClutchy, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. Willey Reilly,
1855, 3 vols. p. Svo, and other works. Perhaps no Irish
author was ever more successful with the acknowledged
readers of criticism than Mr. Carleton has been. He now
enjoys a pension of £200, and is residing near Dublin.
"Shepherd. 'What sort o' vols, are the Traits and Stories of
Irish Peasantry, published by Cun-y 4 Co., in Dublin!'
"North. 'Admirable, truly! intensely Insh. Never were th.at
wild, imaginative people better described; and, amongst all the
fun, frolic, and folly, there is no want of poetry, pathos, and
passion.'"— Btaclm. il/ii!?- . , .v .• i » j i, .
' Mr. Carleton lias caught most accurately the lights and shades
His tales are full of vigorous, picturesque description
of Irish life. — ^ . ^ - . , .
end genuine p.ithos. They may be referred to as furnishmg a very
correct portrait of the Irish peasantry."— ion. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1S41.
Carliell, Robert. Britain's Glorie, Don., 1619, Svo.
" To all vertvovs Nobilitie, Reuerend Clergie, and well-affected
Oentrie." ,
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 147, £2 2s. It is m verse and prose.
Carlile, James, D.D. A Manual of the Anatomy
and Physiology of the Human Mind. The Use and Abuse
of Creeds and Confessions of Faith, Dubl., 1836, Svo.
Other works.
Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 1768-1840, a distinguished
surgeon .and physiologist. Disorders of Old Age, 1817,
4to; 2d ed., ISIS, Svo. Alleged Di-scovery of the Use of
the Spleen and Thyroid Gland, 1829. For a list of his
valuable mod. and bot. contrib., see Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog.,
Carlisle, Charles Howard, 3d Earl of, d. 1738,
is worthy of mention among the Noble Authors for his
excellent poetical address in.scribcd " To my .so.i. Lord
Morpeth." Horace Walpole remarks, (referring to the 5th
Earl, vide post :)
" The present Earl of Carlisle is his grandson, and may boast a
more copious and correct vein of poetry, but cannot surpass in
moral observation or physical truth, the force of tbe precepts,
directed to the author's eldest son a short time before his own de-
cease. A character is said to have been given of him [the father]
in the Political State of Europe; but I have sought without suc-
cess for the publication so entitled."— ffoj/ffi iimi A'oWe Authors.
Carlisle, or Carlile, Christopher. Theolog. Dis-
course, 1582.
Carlisle, Rev. D. Roman Antiquities;v. Archaeol.,
1794.
Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of, 1748-
1825, Viceroy of Ireland, a distinguished statesman, is
entitled to a very respectable rank as an author. Poems,
1773, 4to. TheFather's Revenge; a Tragedy, and other
Poems. lictter to Earl FitzwiUium, Dubl. and Lon., 1794,
8vo. Unite or Fall, Lon., 1798, 12mo. The Step-Mother ;
a Tragedy, 1800, Svo. Tragedies and Poems, 1801, Svo.
Verses on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1806. Thoughts on
the Stage, anon., 1808, Svo.
A criticism (highly laudatory) by Dr. Johnson upon the
Father's Revenge will be found in a letter to Mrs. Chapono.
See Boswell's Johnson.
In the Hours of Idleness, pub. ISOS, Lord Byron refers
to his relative's works as having long received the meed
of public applause to which, by their intrinsic worth, they
were entitled; but in revenge for an imagined slight, in
342
CAR
1 the English Bards and Scotch Reviewers we find the DO"
ble earl thus unceremoniously impaled with a crowd of
unhappy authors.
" Let Stott, Carlisle, Matilda, and the rest
Of CIrub-street and the Urosvenor-PIace the best,
Scrawl on, till death release us from the strain,
Or common sense assert her rights again."
To this disrespectful mention is appended a more disre-
spectful note, of which as the critic repented and apologizes
in Childe Harold—
" .\nd partly that I did thy sire some wrong" — •
we shall take no further notice.
Carlisle, George, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1766.
Carlisle, George William Frederick Howard,
the present Earl of Carlisle, b. 1802, is well known as a
man of letters. His lordship a few years ago travelled in
America, and on his return communicated the results of his
observations in 1850, in a lecture delivered before the Me-
chanics' Institute at Leeds. Some of his comments have
found their way into the journals. His lordship also de-
livered before the same excellent institution a lecture upon
the Life and Writings of Pope. In 1854 he published A
Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, p. Svo ; Amer. ed.,
edited, with Notes, by Prof C. C. Felton, Best., 1855, 12mo.
"An unpretending volume, which bears on every page evidence
of tbe wise and tolerant spirit, the various scholarship, and the
eeusibility to the beautiful so characteristic of its noble author.
. . . The account of Malta is not the le.ast attractive portion of this
charming work, to which Felton's notes have given additional
value."— Wm. H. Prescoit: P;ii7i> tlie Second, 1856, i. 392, n., 601, n.
See also a review of the Diary in Turkish and Greek
Waters, in N. Amor. Rev.. Ixxxi. 91-112, July, 1855.
The Second Vision of Daniel : a Paraphrase in Verse,
1S58. Sec Lon. Athen.. 1S5S, 110.
Carlisle, Isabella Byron, Countess of, 1721-
1795, daughter of William, 5th Lord Byron, married in
1743, Henry, 4th Earl of Carlisle, by whom she had Frede-
rick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. A volume on the Edu-
cation of Youth, and a poem in Pearch's Collection entitled
The Fairy's Answer to Mrs. Greville's Prayer for Indiffer-
ence, have been ascribed to her ladyship.
Carlisle, James. The Fortune Hunters; a Comedy,
Lon., 1689, 4to.
Carlisle, James, Jr. Letters on the Divine Origin
and Authenticity of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1833, 2
vols. 12mo.
"Indicative of sound judgment, correct taste, and respectable
acquirement." — Lowndes.
Carlisle, Nicholas. Topographical Dictionary of
England, 1808, 2 vols. 4to; of Wales, ISll, 4to; of Scot-
land and the Islands in the British Seas, 1813, 2 vols. 4to;
of Ireland, 1810, 4to.
"If ever there was a book indispens.able for reference to a vast
variety of persons, it is this, which bears at the same time every
mark of the utmost accuracy." — British Critic.
Carlos, James. Serm., 1773, 4to.
Carlton, Osgood, of Massachusetts, d. 1816. pub. a
number of IVIaps and works on Navigation, 1801-10.
Carlyle,Alex.,D.D., Edin. ,1721-1805. Serm.,1779-94.
Carlyle, Joseph Dacre, 1759-1804, Prof, of Arabic,
Cambridge. Specimens of Arabic Poetry, Camb., 1796,
4to; 1810, r. Svo. Poems, 1805, 4to.
" For many elegant poems, also, we are highly indebted to Pro-
fessor Carlyle. As beautiful and exquisitely finished pieces, they
are entitled to warm commendation." — Drake's Literary Hours.
This eminent Orientalist pub, some other works.
Carlyle, Robert. Dc Vaux; a Poem, 1S18, Svo.
Carlyle, Thomas, the " Censor of the age," was born
in 1795 at Ecclefechan, in Dumfriesshire. His father, an
agriculturist, was noted for quickness of mental percep-
tions, and great energy and decision of character. After
preliminary instruction at a school at Annan, Thomas was
sent in 1810 to the University of Edinburgh, where he re-
mained for seven or eight years, distinguishing himself by
devotion to mathematical studies then taught there by
Leslie. He seems at this period to have designed entering
the ministry, but the idea was abandoned. For about two
years he taught mathematics at a school in Fife; on relin-
quishing this post, he devoted himself in 1S23 to literature
as a profession. In 1824 he contributed to Brewster's Edin-
burgh Encyclopaedia the articles " Montesquieu," " Mon-
taigne," " Nelson," " Norfolk," and those on the two ''Pitts ;"
to the New Edinburgh Review, an Essay on Joanna Bail-
lie's Plays of the Passions. In the same year he completed
a translation of Legendre's Geometry, to which he pre-
fixed an Essay on Proportion, and also pub. his trans, of
Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, " a work which betrayed a di-
rection of reading destined to influence materially his fu-
ture career." After completing his trans., he commenced
CAR
his Life of Schiller, which was pub. in numbers in the
Lornlon Magazine. — Men of the Time, Lou., 1853.
The life of Schiller was highly commended :
<' Schiller was one of the great men of his a-^e, and Carlyle has
given evidence in this book of a critical insitjht into his character,
both as a man and a writer. His analysis of the works of Schiller,
and his critical observations, are de*-ply interesting and instructive.
The I'ook will l)i> read with pU-asure and profit." — Lon. Examiner.
About 1826 Mr. Carlyle married, and resided alternately
at Comely Bank and Craigenputtoch, in an estate in Dum-
friesphire. The reader will find an interesting account of
his manner of life in the letters to Goethe, in the corre-
spondence of the great German bard.
" Two ponies which carry us everywhere, and the mountain air,
are the best medicines for weak nerves. This daily exercise, to
which I am much devoted, is mv only dissipation; for this nook
of ours [Crait^enputtoch] is the loneliest in Britain— six miles re-
moved from every one who in any case might visit me. Here
Rousseau would have been as happy as on his island of St. Pierre.*'
In his rural quietude Mr. Carlyle was a contributor to
the Foreign Review and other periodicals, and composed
his Sartor Resartus. which was pub. in Eraser's Magazine
on Mr. Carlyle's return to London, which occurred in 1830.
It appeared* in book form in 1S34, " reprinted for friends,"
and in 1836; again in 1S41.
" The work is a sort of philosophical romance, in which the author
undertakes to give, in the form of a review of a Oerman treatise
on dress, and a notice of the life of the writer, his own opinions
upon Matters and Thinjjs in General. The hero. Professor Teutels-
droeckh, seems to be intended for a portrait of human nature as
affected by the moral influence to which, in the present state of
society, a cultivated mind is naturally exposed. . . . The volume
contains, under a quaint and singular form, a great deal of deep
thnu!_'ht. sound principle, and fine writing. . . . The only thing
about the work, tending to prove that it is what it purports to be,
a commentary on a re.-il German treatise, is the style, which is a
sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of richness,
vigour, andat times a sort of felicity of expression, but very strongly
tinsed throughout with the peculiar idiom of theOerman language.
This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a great
familiarity with Geraian literature, and we cannot, therefore, look
upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evi-
dence of an opposite character. ... It is. we believe, no secret in
England or here, that it is the work of a person to whom the public
is indebted for a number of articles in the late British Reviews,
which have attracted great attention by the singularity of their
etvle. and the richness and depth of their matter. Among those
may be mentioned particularly those on Choractn-idtcs and the
Life nf Burns in the Edinburgh Review, and on Croethe in the Fo-
reign Quarterly. . . . We take pleasure in introducing to the Ame-
rican public a writer, whose name is yet in a great measure un-
known among us, but who is destined, we think, to occupy a large
space in the literary world. We have heard it insinuated that 5Ir.
Carlyle has it in contemplation to visit this country, and we can
venture to assure him. that, should he carry this inteution into
eSect. he will meet with a cordial welcome." — Alexander H. Eve-
rett: iV. Amer. Jievu'ir. xli. 45-t, 1835.
In 1837 he pub. The French Revolution, 3 vols. c. Svo:
vol. L.TheBastile : vol. ii., The Constitution : vol. iii., The
Guillotine. This work produced a profound impression
upon the public mind.
" No work of greater genius, either historical or poetical. h.as
been produced in this country for many years. A more pains-
taking or accurate investigator of fects and testimonies never
wielded the historical pen." — JV-strnmster Bevievt.
••Let a man who would exhibit the frightful drama of the French
Revolution for the benefit of his reader, place the reader before its
scenes, and leave him to himself— as most men. in going through an
interestingbuilding. longto be left alone and not be troubled with
the impertinence of a guide. The scenes themselves are already
there — not painted or described as by a spectator, but existing un-
intentionally in the records of thetimes. Few things, perhaps,
wonld do more to arrest our present headlong course of license.
No hiL'bly-wrought language would be required, or any language
but that employed by the actors themselves. The most graphic
portions of 5Ir. Carlyle's work are those in which he has most
closely transcribed from these sources ; and in other parts we think
he has failed to convey not only a correct philosophical view of the
history, but even clear, vivid pictures of Cict." — Lon. Qiuxt-Urly
Review, Ixvj. 457.
" After perusing the whole of this extraordinary work, we can
allow, almost to their fullest extent, the high qualities with which
Mr. Carlvle's idolaters endow him." — Lon. Times.
" This is one of the few books of our time that are likely to live
for some generations beyond it. Some years will pass before these
volumes begin to be generally relished; but relished they will be,
and that thoroughly, sooner or lat«r." — Lon. Eraminer.
"There is no account of the French Revolution that can be in
the slightest degree compared with this fi-r intensity of feeling
and profoundness of thought." — Lnn. Mrmthhj Repnsitnrii.
'■It would be an interesting book if well translated into Eng-
Hsh."
In 1839 appeared Chartism; 2d edit., 1S40, p. Svo.
See a Review of this work in the British and Foreign Re-
view, xi. 1 ; also articles on Chartism in vol. xii. 30,^, and
in Blackwood's Ma}:;., xlvi. 289. His Six Lectures on He-
roes. Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, delivered
in London in 1840. were pub. in ]841, and 4th edit, in
1852, 12mo. In 1843 Mr. C. pub. his Past and Present,
p. Svo.
CAR
"Pant and Present has not, and could not have, the same wild
power which Surtrn- Resartus possessed, in our opinion, over the
feelings of the reader; but it contains passages which look the
same way, and breathe the same spirit." — Blackwood's Mag., My. 138.
Mr. C.'s Critical and Miscellaneous Essays have been
collected, and the ?>d edit, was pub. in London in 1S47, 4
vols. p. Svo. They have also been pub. in America. See
a review in Brit, Quart. Rev., ii. 297. In the same year
appeared the 2d edit, of the Letters and Speeches of Oliver
Cromwell. Mr. Carlyle's Latter Day Piimphlets. Nos. 1,
2, 3, and 4, were pub. in 1850, p. 8v(» : the life of his friend,
John Sterling, pub. in 1851. The 3d ed. of The French
Revolution was pub. in 1856-57, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d ed. of
Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, 1857, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 4th
ed. of Essays, 1S57, 4 vols. p. Svo ; Lives of Schiller and
Sterling, 1857, p. Svo. (vol. vi. of collective ed. of Car-
lyle's works.) The Life of Frederick the Great, L-.u. and
New York, 1858, 2 vols. Svo. A critic remark.?, " Tho
work is thoroughly Carlylish, and worthy of the author.
It has long been announced that it was to be the work of
his life."
" Few writers of the present time have risen more rapidly into
popularity than Mr. Carlyle, after labouring through so long a pe-
riod of comparative neglect. AVhatever judgment critics may be
pleased to pass on him. it is certain that his works have attracted
of late no common share of attention." — Edinhurgh Review.
We have quoted some highly commendatory notices of
Mr. Carlyle as an author; but by many critics the pecu-
liarities of his style have been severely censured, and tho
value of his .speculations greatly doubted.
"Mr. Carlyle has disdained the easy-beaten track, and struck
out a new taste in writing, combining, we had almost said, all pos-
sible £aults. and yet not unlikely to become popular. . .. It is la-
mentable to see that Mr. Carlyle's early writings, in which there
is far the most truth and genuine pood sense, are the most free
from his faults. They appear to have gathered on him as he ad-
vances. Is it that he'is permitting himself to dress up his style
like a mountebank to attract popular wonderment, which we have
too good an opinion of him to believe? Or is it that his mind it-
self as we fear, is becoming embarrassed and perplexed with the
speculations into which he is falling, and in which he evidently
is struggling about like a man sinking in the water, and just be-
ginning to suspect that he is out of his depth? Some of his early
writings are verv pleasing in their language, as in their sentiments.
(.See, for example, his paper on Boswell. Miscellanies, vol. iii. 114;
but his Life of Schiller appears to us in point of style by for the
best of them all. JVote.) In his last works, the Sartor Resartus,
and Chartism, he runs wild in distortions and extravagancies." —
Lon. Quarterly Review, Ixvi. 1S40.
'•Mr. Carlyle— an astute and trenchant critic might, with show
of justice, remark— assumes to be the reformer and castigator of
liis age — a reformer in philosophy, in politics, and religion — d&-
nouuciuj; its mechaTiical method of thinking, deploring its utter
want of faith, and threatening political society, obstinately deaf
to the voice of wisdom, with the retributive horrors of repi'ated
revolutions; and yet neither in philosophy, in religion, nnr in
politics, h.as Mr. Carlyle any distinct dogma, creed, or constitution
to promulgate. . . . He is any thing but aman of practical .ibility.
Setting aside his style for the present, let us see whether he has
ever, in the course of his life, thrown out a single hint which
could be useful to his own generation, or profitable to those who
may come after. If he could originate any such hint, he does not
possess the power of embodying it in distinct language. He his
written a History of the French Revolution, a pamphlet on Chart-
ism, a work on' Heroes and Hero-worship, and a sort of jiolitical
treatise entitled Past and Present. Can any living man point to a
single practical passage in any of these volumes? If not, what is
the real value of i\lr. Carivle's writings? What is Mr. Carlyle
himself but a Phantasm of the sj)ecies he is pleased to denounce.''
—Blackwood's Mag., liv. 1843; btvii. 1S50.
See Passages Selected from the Writings of Thomas
Carlyle, by Thomas Ballantyne, 1855. p. Svo.
Carlyle, Thomas, of the Scottish Bar. The Moral
Phenomena of Germany ; 2d edit., enlarged. Lon., ISmo.
Carmarthen, Marciuis of. Journal of his Brest
E.xpedition, 1G94, 4to.
Carmey, Coins of the Kings of Syria, Lon.. 1761, fol.
Carmichael, A. N. Greek Verbs, Lon., 1841. p. 8vo.
Carmichael, Alex. Morti6cation of Sin, &c., 1677.
Carmichael, Andrew. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad.,
1811: on Habit, and the InventionofWriting. Disquisitions
on the History and Metaphysics of Scripture, 2 vols. Svo.
'■ A very remarkable prodMCtion."— Phrenological Journal.
Carmichael, Frederick, 17US-1751, Prof, of Di-
vinity in Marischal College. Serms., Lon., 1757, Svo.
Carmichael, James. Grammatica Latina de Ety-
mologia, Canib., 15^7. 4to.
Carmichael, James, Con. to Med. Com. and Ann.
Med., 1776-U9.
Carmichael, James. Peerage of Scotland, Edin.,
1791. 4t...
Carmichael, Uichard, Med. treatises, 1806-18.
Carnarvon, Lord. Don Pedro; a Tragedy, Lon.,
Svo, Moor; a Poem, Svo. Notes ou Portugal, GalUcia>
Ac, p. Svo. ^
CAR
" Not only a graphic description of the country, hut it relates a
series of pefsonal aavi-ntures and perils very unusual ni modern
^'^7^^'sZ^^ny, interest, and value."-K Ser..Jnur.
Came, John. Letters in the East, 2 vols.; and Re-
collections of Travels in Syria and Palestine, Lon., lf>M,
^ " Pe(;uliarrv"'valuahle hy the graphic ^''f "P"»°.»V^;"'fv °°
the spot, of the pr«,i( adwd Uate nf 1« j,ac,s «h.eh b=Aeheen
the thejitres of the great events recorded in the Bible, -ion- A™
""'Svrfaft.^e Holy Land, Asia Minor, Ac; illustrated by
Bar'tlett and others; descriptions by J. C, Lon., 1!?^», '■
"""i Tht'descriptions are well drawn up by Mr. Carne, whose resi-
dence in the J?ast °ome years since fitted him for such an under-
*'*Live3''of"EmiliTut Missionaries, 3 vols. 12mo. Other
Carne, Robert H. Two Covenants, Lon., 182S, 8vo.
Carnett, P. P. Wine-Making, IRU, 8vo
Carolaii, Patrick. Schools in Ireland, IsOb, etc.
Carol!, William. Answer to ColUns's Essay con-
ternin? the use of Reason, ic., Lon , 1707, 8vo.
•Caron, R. P. Remonstratia Hiliernoruin, IbbS, loi.
Carpenter, Agricola. Psevchognirhica Anthropo-
magica ; or a Magical Description of the boul, Lon., 16o.,
"carpenter, Benjamin. Theolog. and other works,
Carpenter, Daniel. The Poor Laws, 18»^ 8™-
Carpenter, Elias. Nocturnal Alarm, Lon 180.1, 8vo.
Carpenter, George, Lord. Con. to Ph.l. Trans.,
1738 • account of a bullet lodged near the gullet.
Carpenter, Henry. The Deputy Divinity, Lon.,
1637, 12nio. ,.„„ . ,
Carpenter, J. Merchants' Accounts, Lon., Ib.ii, tot.
Carpenter, J. Treatise on Practical and fc.\pen-
mental AgriculHue, 1803, 2 vols. Svo. . . , , , .
Carpenter, Jacobus. Platonis cum Anstotcle in
Universa Pliilosophia Coraparatio, Pans, 157^, 4to.
Carpenter, John, of Ricklin, Essex. Epicedmm m
obitum decide ratissimi principis Guililmi Glocestiffi
^Carpenter, John. Sorrowful! Song for Sinfull
Soules, Lon., 15Sfi, Svo. Theolog. treatises 1588-1612.
•■ Cioins throuL'h the courses of lo-ic and philosophy for the
space of four years or more, with uu>5eaned industry. —Mhm.
"carpenter, Joseph Edward. Lays and Legends
of Fairy Land. Ac., Lon., Svo. Other works.
•• In the rank of lyric poets Mr. Carpenter deservedly holds a
■^'^cSenter, Lant, LL.D., 1780-1840 b at Kidder-
minster lather of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, the distinguished
physiologist, (r/.i'.;) settled as Unitarian minister at Exeter
L 1805: reinoved to Bristol in 1817. His publica ions
including those which were posthumous, amount to 44, ot
which we notice a few. 1. Introduction to the beography
of the New Testament, 1S05. 12mo. 2. Unlananism the
Doctrine of the Gospel, 1809, 12mo. 3. Examination ot
the Charges made against Unitarianism, Ac. by Dr. Jlageo
to his Dfscourses on Atonement, Ac. 1820, 8vo 4. Prin-
ciples of Education, Intellectual, Moral, and Physical,
^*" I know of no work more excellent or complete on the subject
of education, in all its parts, than this. It is a monument to the
sound, pacical good sense, the enlarged views, the erud.t.on. and
the niety of the author."-C. D. Cl.Evi!Lim: Eng. L'tA^tU a-nt.
5 Harmony ; or. Synoptical Arrangements the Gospels,
1835 8vo 6 Dissertations ou the Duration ot our Saviour s
Ministry, Ac, 1836, Svo: a reprint from Harmony, Ac.
"The third dissertation is particularly valuable and instructive.
"'t' "sem^s on Practical Subjects, 1840, Svo ; edited by
his Son, Dr. W. B. Carpenter. See Life of Dr. t. by hi.-
Son, Rev. Russell Lant Carpenter.
Dr. C. pub. some r.ther works. , . v
Carpenter, Nathaniel, a native of Devonshire, b.
15SS,d.accordingtoWood, 1628, acc.u-ding to Filler 1635,
was educated .at Edmund Hall, Oxford, berm. )bl2 Svo.
Philosophia Libera, Ac, Franef., 1621, Svo ; with add. s.,
162'> Svo • Oxf., 1636, '75, Svo. Memorable as one of the
first-attacks upon the Aristotelian Philosophy ^.ee Bruck-
er's Hist, of Philos. Geographie Delineated, Oxt., lb 5,
4to • with addils., 1625, 4to. See a high encomium on De-
vonshire at p. 200. Achitophel; Serm.,162!),4to. berm.,
Oxf., 1640.
" He was right-handed in the Cyclopaedia of all arts; logic, wit-
ness hisT/ades [Philosophia. *c.;l mathematics, expressed m the
S of his Geography ;^u4 divinity, appearing m his excellent
iu
CAR
sermons called Achitophel. As fur his Optics, it had been a m^f "•
plec- ^n tliat kind, iltruly and perfecUy prmeed."-.PuH«- s nurtl.tes.
Carpenter, Richard, d. 1627, battler in E.xeler Col-
lego, Oxford, 15y2; Fellow, 1596; pub. serms.. 1612, 16,
'20 '23. One of his discourses was pub. in lbo7. fol.
Langbaine erroneously suggests the identity of the author
with the following. , , x u i
Carpenter, Richard, D.D., a divine and poet, about
the middle of the 17th century, joined the Church of Rome,
returned to the Church of England, and died a Roman
Catholic. Experience, History, and Divinity, Lon., 1642,
Svo Repub. in 1648 as The Downfall of Antichrist. Astro-
lo'^y Proved Harmless, Pious, Useful ; a Serm., 1663, 4to.
Rome in her Fruits, 1663, 4to. The Pragmatical Jesuit
new Leavened. 4to. Other publications.
"Those that knew him have often told me that he was an im-
Budeut 'fantastical man. that changed his mind with his cloatha,
and tint Im lii-^ ju^'sl'S and tricks in matters .jf religion he was
esteemed a tlnMl,,i:ical muuntebank."— .<(/icn. Oirm.
Carpenter, Samuel. Election for Saltash, 1808.
Carpenter, Stephen Cullen, d. about 1820, a nit-
five of Great Britain, and settled in the U. States in 1803,
where he soon united with J. Bristed as co-editor of the
U.S. Jla-'azine. pub. at Charleston, S.C. He originated
the Monthly Register, pub. at Charleston, ISOo. He had
been previously engaged as reporter of the Pariiamentary
proceedings during the trial of Hastings, and from his
personal knowledge doubtless was enabled to make the
»reat speeches of Sheridan on the Belgium affairs as found
fn the Select Speeches of Dr. Chapman. He was the
author of the Overiand Journey to India, pub. under the
assumed name of Donald Campbell ; 2d cd., ISOO-IO. Life
of Thomas Jefferson, Phila. and N. York, 1809, 2 vols. Svo.
Select American Speeches ; being a sequel to Dr. Chap-
man's Select Speeches, Phila,, 1S15, 2 vols. Svo. See
Donald. Campbell. , „ ,,•
Essay on the Vices and 1 oUies
Educational works, 1798-
Carpenter, Thomas.
of .Mankind. Ac. 1795.
Carpenter, Thomas.
1813 : Orthography. Ac
Carpenter, Thomas. Devotional Reflections on the
Psalms of David, Lon.. 1S37; 2d ed., 1841, ISmo.
Carpenter, William, D.D. Fast Serm. ,Lon.,17i6,4to.
Carpenter, William. Calendarium Palestinifi, 1825,
8vo. This is a very useful work. Scripture Difficulties
Examined with a View to their Solution, 1S25, Svo. The
author elucidates 700 passages in the Old and New 'Testa-
ments Popular Lectures on Biblical Criticism and Inter-
pretation, Lon., 1826, Svo. Scripture Natural History,
1828 Svo. Dr. Harris's Natural History (Boston, Mass.,
1820) is generally preferred; but some consider Carpenter's
work "more readable."
"Without that pretence to originality which in the present day
is as much dislinguislied by personal vanity aa it is at variance
with truth Mr. Carpenter has, we think, presented to tlie public
an interesting and useful work."— ion. Clu-is. Keniemh.
A Guide to the Practical Reading of the Bible, Lon.,
1S30, ISmo. ^ .
" This is a useful and interesting compilation, and gives in a very
small compass a great deal of information."-CTi. of Ireland Mag.
Biblical Companion, Lon., 1836, Svo. ^_
"To the use of less advanced students it is especially adapted.
— DR. K. WlI.LI.^MS.
Carpenter, William Benjamin, M.D., F.R.S., .son
of Dr Lant Carpenter; a distinguished ].hysiologist and
eminent writer on physiology ; Prof. Med. Jur. in Univ.
Coll., London ; Lecturer on General Anatomy and Physio-
logy at the London Hospital School of Med., and E.xa-
miner in Physiology and Comparative Anat. in the Univ.
of London ; studied medicine in University College, 1833 ;
passed his examination in the Royal College of Surgeons
and Apothecaries' Soc, 1835; subsequently pursued his
studies in the Univ. of Edinburgh, where his capacity for
original thought and dealing with the most profound phy-
siological discussions became apparent. 1. On the Volun-
tary and Instinctive Actions of Living Beings, Edin.
Med. and Surg. Jour.. No. 132. 2. The Unity "f Func-
tion in Organized Beings, Edin. New Phil. Jour. 3. The
Differences of the Laws regulating Vital and Physical
Phenomena; ibid. 4. Dissertation on the Physiologie_al
Inferences to be deduced from the Structure of the
Nervous System in the Invertebrate Class of Animals,
Edin 1S38 After publishing the above, he graduated at
Ediui.urgh in 1S39. 5. Principles of General and Com-
parative Physiology, Lon., 1839, Svo ; 2d ed..l.Ml.Svo;
9th ed., rewritten, was pub. in 1854, entitled (b) Prin-
ciples of Comparative Physiology; (7) the Principles of
Gcncr.'il Physiology being pub. in a separate vol. Men
Amer. ed., Phda., iS54, Svo.
CAR
"Not the profession only, but the scientific world at large, must
feel deeply iiuiebted to DV. Carpenter for tkis great work." — Lon.
Medical Tunes.
"An Encyclopedia of the subject, accurate and complete in all
respects; a tiutliful reflection of the advanced state at which
science has nuw arrived." — Dublin Qtiar. Jour, of Medical Science.
"A truly magnificent work, — in itself a perfect physiological
Btudy." — Ranking s Abstract.
-' No treatise on I'hyaiology which Iiaa hitherto appeared in our
languiige exceeds the present, either in the comprehensiveness of
its principles or in ibe value and abundance of its facts. We
recommend it to all our readers and to men of science of every
description." — British and Forevjn Mediral Ifeview.
" In Dr. Carpenter's work will be found the best exposition we
possess of all that is furnished by comparative anatomy to our
knowledge of our nervous system, as well as to tlie mure general
principles uf life and organization." — Dr. Holland's Medical Notes
and Rejkctinnn.
'* I recommend to your penisal a work recently published by Dr.
Carpenter. It h;is this advantage: it is very much up to the pre-
sent state of knnwlidge of the subject. It is written in a clear
style, and is \\A\ Ulustrated." — Prof. Skarpey's Jntroduc. Lecture.
'•See Dr. Carpenter's Principles of General and Comparative
Physiology, — a work which makes me proud to think he was once
my pupil." — Dr. EUU>tson''s Physiology.
8. Principles of Human Physiology, Lon., 1S46, 8vo; 4th
od. ; 6th American ed., from the 4th Enjjlish ed., with
additions by Francis Gurney Smith. M.D., Prof. Institutes
of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College.
" We speak advisedly when we say that w« know of no work on
physiology from which the student is likely to derive so much
advantage. The whole of it reflects the highest honour upon the
talents, knowledge, and judgment of the author." — Bi-itisk aiid
foreign Medical Review.
'■Di. Carpeutei-*s work, Human Physiology, is an important one
in support of the spirituality of the mind. Nothing can be more
Batisfiictory than his arguments and illustrations as to the distinct
existence and manifestatiuns of the thinking principle." — BlaJccy's
ffist. of tlie, Phihfii'phy of Mind.
Nos. 6, 7, and S are now pub. as three independent vols.,
comprising the whole range of Biological Science.
9. Vegetable Physiology and Botany, 1844, 8vo. 10. A
Manual of Physiology, 1846, fp. 8vo. Several editions.
"Although designed for the student and framed expressly to
meet his wants, it is a work that may be cousulted with advantage
by most physicians and surgeous, however learned." — British and
Foreign Medical Revieuy.
11. Elements of Physiology, including Physiological
Anatomy, 8vo. 12. The Popular Cyclopjedia of Natural
Science, 1847, 5 vols. 8vo. Commenced in 1843.
" It possesses merits of a very high order. The talents and at-
tainments of its autlior are evidently such as qualify him to take
his station as an original author, experimenter, and discoverer
among the most excellent sons of science." — Lon. Eclectic Review.
13. Zoology and Instinct in Animals, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"For clearness of arrangement, perspicuity of style, and read-
able matter, we know of no complete work on zoology which we
couid recommend so fully as this by Dr. Carpenter." — ton. Athen.
14. A Prize Essay on the Use of Alcoholic Liquors in
Health and Disease; 2d ed., 1S51. 12uio. New Amer. ed.,
with a Preface by Dr. D. F. Condie, M.D.. and Explana-
tions of Scientific Words, 12ino. 15. Mechanical Phi-
losophy, Astronomy, and Horology, 1848, Svo. 16. On
the Microscope : its Revelations and its Uses, 1856, 8vo.
"The works of Dr. Carpenter manifest some of the best qualities
both of the thinker and the observer." — Morell's Hist, of Modem
Pha-'S.. q.V.
Carpmeal, W, Reports, Patent Cases, Lon., r. Svo,
4th ed.. 1S46. The Law of Patents for Inventions.
"Designed for inventors and others unlearned in the law. but
may be consulted with profit by professional readers on points of
practice, and for the scientific illustrations which abound in the
work." — Miri'in'.<i L'-gal Bibl.
See Ci-RTis, Grorgb T.
Carpue, J. S, The Muscles of the Human Body, as
they appear on Dissection, Lon., 1801, 4to.
" An esteemed work." — Lowxdes.
Electricity and Galvanism, 1803, Svo. Account of Sur-
gical Operations, 1816, '19.
Carr, Allan. A Peacable Moderator, Lon., 4t.o; re-
specting the book of Common Prayer.
Carr, George, 1704-1776, ediicatcd at St. John's Col-
lege, Cnmbridt;e ; appointed senior clergyman of the Epis-
copal Chapel. Edinburgh, 1737, where he officiated 39 years.
Sir William Forbes pub. his sermons, Edin., 1777, S" vols.
12rao: 5th edit, 1784, 2 vols. Svo.
'•AUhouLih they do not contain the profound reasonings of
Butler, nor the elegant discussions of Sherlock; neither the iearn-
iug of Tillotson. nor the declamation of ^eed. they exhibit the
most useful and important truths of the gospel, not only with
plainness and perspicuity, but in langu.age always elegant, and
seldom incorrect." — .Sir Wiluam Forbes.
'■ They are sliort, vigorous, important, and useful." — Dr. David
Scot.
"To his merits as a preacher, great as they were, the lustre of
his private character wns still superior: the death of such a man
was a real loss to society."' — Dr. Beattie.
Carr, J. H. Prize Essay : The Local Ministry, 1851,
cr. Svo.
CAR
Carr, Jo, His Ruinous Fall of Prodigalitie, Lon.,
1573, Svo.
Carr, Sir John, 1772-1832. of the Middle Temple.
The Striinger in France, Lon., 1803, 4to. A popular work.
The Stranger in Ireland, 1806, 2 vols. 4to. This was ridi-
culed by Edward Dubois by the publication of his jcn
d'esprit. My Pocket Book, 1807, 12rao. A Tour through
Holland. Is07, 4to. Caledonian Sketches, 1809. 4to. De-
scriptive Travels, 1811, 4to. Sir John also pub. some
poems. lSO:i. "09, and a Drama, 1804.
Carr, John, LL.D., 1732-1S07, master of the Gram-
mar School at Hertford. Vol. 3d of Tristram Shandy,
1700. This imitation of Sterne was soon detected. Filial
Piety, 1703, fol. To a Critic, 1764. fol. Eponina, 1705.
The Dialogues of Lucian, trans, from the Greek, 1773-98,
5 vols. Svo.
'■ An excellent translation, that preserves much of the wit and
spirit of the ori-'inal." — Dr. Advm Clarke.
Carr, Lascelles Robert. Serms., 1800. '01, '04. 4to.
Carr, Nicholas, Professor of Greek, University of
Camliridge. Epl^tola ad J. Checura, Lon., 1551, 4to. Do
obitu, &,c. M. Buciri, 1551, 4to. Demosthenis Graecorum
Oratorium, ^c, 1571, 4to. Epistola Berth. Dodingtoni,
itc, 1571, 4to. De Scriptorum Britannicorum Puucitate,
&c., 1576, 12mo. Ilearne commends Carr as an elegant
and judicious Latiuist.
Carr, Ralph. Mahumetane Historye. Lon., 1600, 4to.
Carr, Richard, M.D. EpistoUe Medieinales, Lon.,
1691, Svo; published in English by Quiucy as Medicinal
Epistles. 1714, Svo.
Carr, Rich. Algebraist's Companion, Lon., 1751, Svo.
Carr, Robert. Eugenia; a Tragedy, 1766, Svo.
Carr, Samuel, D.D., Prebendary of St. Paul's. Ser-
mons on practical subjects, Lon., 1795, 3 vols. Svo; seve-
ral edits., 1817, 3 vols. Svo.
" A valuable accession to this extensive theological class. The
styleisembellishedwith those temperate ornaments which increase
its beauty without destroying its simplicity." — British Critic.
Carr, T. S,, master in King's College School, has pub.
a number of useful classical guides; Greek aud Latin;
Mythology: Antiquities.
Carr, William. Travellers' Guide in the German
States, Ac., 1600, '8S.
Carr, William, Glossary of the Craven Dialect,
Lon., 1828, 2 vols. Svo.
'•\Ve would particularly recommend it to our dramatists and
novelists. They have now the means of studying the present
form of West Kiding dialect synthetically as well as analytically.
We can vouch for the general accuracy of the dialect and idiom." —
Lon. QiUirterly Review.
"Of great value." — Archdeacon Todd.
Carr, William Wiudle. Poems. Lon., 1791, Svo.
Carre, Thomas, alias Miles Pinkney, d. 1674, a
native uf Broomhal, founded a Nunnery (Sion) at Paris,
1634. and became resident Confessor. Pietas Parisiensis
et Romana, Paris, 1666, ]2mo : Oxf., 1687, 12mo. Funeral
of Charles I.; Serm. on Ps. ii. ID, 1670, 12mo.
Carrel, Armaud N., 1800-1S36. History of the
Connter-Revolution fur the Re-Establishment of Popery
in England under Charles II. and James IL. by Armand
Carrel; to which is added the History of the Early Part
of the Reign of James IL, by C. J. Fox, sm. Svo, 1854.
'• The reigns of the last two Stuarts have leen written, with the
mind of a dtatesman and the hand of a vigorous writer, by Armand
Carrel." — Edin. Rev.
As we kuownotthenameof the translator of this valuable
work, we introduce it under that of the French author.
Carrick, A., M.D. Medical treatises, 1797, 1803.
Carrick, John D, Life of Sir William Wallace.
'•The lifst hi^ti.)ry with which weare acquainted of ihose important
events which, under the auspices of that hero and palri'tl. led to
the re-establishment of Scottish indep*'ndence." — Edin. Lit. J<-ur.
Carrier. Kcasuus for Forsaking Protestantism, 161 4, 4 to.
Cai-rigaii, Philiv- Map of iS'ew Hampshire, 1816.
Carrington, F. A. Legal repts. and works, 1823-50.
Carrington, James. Theological treatises, 1750-76.
Carrinsiton, Jas, Serms. on Isa. ii. 78 ; Ephes. v. 15.
Carrinsiton, Noel Thomas, 1777-1S30, a native
of PIvmouth, England, pub. several poems of great merit.
The Banks of Tamar, 1820. Dartmoor. 1826. My Na-
tive Village. Poems collected in 2 vols. 12mo.
"Dartmoor met with greater success than the author had eve?
iared to anticipate. It was received with much delight by the
public, and was very highly spoken of by the periodical press.*'—
Lon. Ginf. Mag., March. ISSl.
Carrington, Robert Smith, Lord. Speech deli-
vered at the Board of Agriculture, 1803, 4to.
Carrington, S. History of Oliver Cromwell, Lon.,
1659, Svo.
Carrington, Susanna. The Perjured Husbandj
a Tragedy, Lon., 1700, 4to.
as
CAR
Carrington, W. Angler's Vade-Mecum, 1818, 12mo.
Carroll, B. R. Historical Collection of South Caro-
lina, N. York, 18uti, 2 vols. Spo. A valuable collection
relating to the early literature of South Carolina,
Carroll, Wm. On Locke's Essay, Lon., 1706, Bvo.
Carruthers, William, of Virginia. 1. Cavaliers of
Viri'inia. 2. The Kentuckian in New York. 3. The
Kufghts of the Horse-Shoe ; a Traditionary Tale of the
Cocked-Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion, Wetumpka, Ala.,
1845.
Carson, Alexander. Theolog. treatises. The lol-
lowing have been highly commended: Explanation of the
Principles of Biblical Interpretation of Erncsti, Ammnn,
Stuart, and other Philologists ; A Treatise on the Figures
of Speech ; A Treatise on the Right and Duty of all Men
to read the Scriptures, New York, ISbi. 12nio, pp. 463.
"He differs from Stuart and other prominent ptidologists.
"One of the first Biblical critics of the nineteenth century. —
Carson, James, M.D. Med. and Political treatises,
Livcrp., 1800-15. . ^ „ ,. , t.
Carson, Joseph, M.D. Illustrations of Medical Bo-
tany 2 vols. 4to. Synopsis of the Course of Lectures on
Mate'ria Medica and" Pharmacy, delivered in the Umver-
Eity of Pennsvlvania, Phila., pp. 208, 1852, Svo. Amer.
edit, of Pereirii's Materia Medica, Phila., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo.
Carstairs, J. Works on Writing, Lon., 1814, '15.
Carstairs, or Carstares, William. See McCor-
JIICK, Joseph, D.D.
Carswell, Francis, D.D. Serms., 1684, S9, ito.
Carte, Samuel, 1653-1740, Prebendary of Lichfield,
Coventry, England, was educated at Magdalen College,
Oxford." Serms., 1649, 1705, 4to. Tabula Chronologica
Archiepiscopatuum et Episcopatuum in Anglia et Wallia,
Ac, sine anno. Con. to Phih Trans, arid Bibl. Top. Brit.
He was an intelligent antiquary, and Dr. Willis and Dr.
Stukeley acknowledged his assistance.
Carte, Samuel, grandson of the above, also a learned
antiquary, edited Brewster's Collectanea Ecclcsiaslica, to
which he added some valuable notes. He also assisted
Johnson in his account of the benefactions and chanties
of Coventry. See Archa;ol., x. 209, 1792.
Carte, Thomas, 1686-1754, father of the ahove,
was a native of Clifton, in Warwickshire. He was ad-
mitted of University College, Oxford, in 1698; took his
degree of B.A. in 1702, and was subsequently incorporated
at Cambridge, where he hecame M.A. in 1706. After tr.a-
velliuf on tlie Continent, he entered into holy orders, and
was appointed reader of the Abbey Church at Bath, where
he preached a discourse, January 30, 1714, in which he
vindicated the character of Charles L with reference to
the Irish rebellion. This elicited a controversy with Dr.
Chandler, which called forth Carte's first publication— The
Irish Massacre set in a Clear Light : see Lord Somers s
Tracts. When George I. ascended the throne. Carte was
unwilling to take the oaths to the new government, and
therefore assumed a lay habit. For a time he assisted
Jeremy Collier, who preached to a Nonjnring congregation
in London. Carle was suspected of being concerned in
the rebellion of 1715, and orders were issued for his arrest.
He escaped, and became secretary to Bishop Atterbury,
which incre.ased the suspicions against him. and a rew.ard
of £1000 was offered for his person. Carte now fled to
Fr.anoe, where he resided for some years under the name
of Phipps. He mingled with men of learning, and fre-
quented the best libraries, which enabled him to collect
materials for illustrating an English edition of Thuanus.
In 1724 he consulted Dr. Mead as to the best mode of pub-
lication. The doctor perceived the \alue of the collec-
tion, and determined to publish the whole. He purchased
them from Carte, and confided them to the care of Mr.
Buckley, who gave them to the world in 1733, 7 vols. fol.
By the intercession of Queen Caroline, Carte was permitted
to return to his native country. Ho arrived in England
between 1728 and 1730. In 1735 appeared the 3d and in
1736 the 1st and 2d vols, (fol.l of his History of the Lile
of James, Duke of Ormonde, from his birth in 1610 to his
death in 1688. This is one of the most important histo-
rical works in the language, and contains the fullest ac-
count of the Irish rebellion. The author was rewarded
by the approbation of the best judges in the premises:
•' Your history is in great esteem here. .'VU sides seem to like
it The dean of St. Patrick's [Swift] honours jou with his appro-
bation. Any name after his could not add to your .satisfaction.
But 1 may iay. the worthy and the wise are with you to a man,
and you have me into the bargain."— ioij Omrii s LrHtr t,< UirU
"Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormonde is considered as a booK
of authority; but it is ill written. The matter is diffused in too
i,_ :^ !.....,:..» r,n ..mnn,.o«Ki(in. no VlirOUr.
Of authority; but it is iiiwrnien. au« uiivtLwi i.^ u. ««....,« ... —
many words ; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour
34e
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Two good volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two
rthree^l in folio."— Dr. Jou.nson. . .
SVe are glad that the doctor's expunging views ^ere not
adopted by the editor of the beautiful edition pub. in 1861,
Oxford, 6 vols. Svo. Let the historical reader procure this
edition forthwith. - „ , j
The author had long projected a history of ingland—
findin.' much fault with Rapin and with Rymer s locdera—
and in April, 1738, he pub. "A general account of the ne-
cessary materials for a history of England ol the society
and subscriptions proposed for defraying the expenses ol
it and the method in which he intended to proceed m
carrying on the work." In October £600 per anniina
were subscribed, and the historian set to work with a glad
heart We have not space in which to enumerate the
learned and corporate bodies who favoured this great un-
dertaking : suffice it to say that seldom has an author been
'° ^evTwf s a history more anxiously expected, and mo™ ^"J-
ously supported. The City of London and the University of Ox-
ford seemed to yie with e.^ch other in their acts of generosity. -
Dilitliii's Library Omjianirm. ,
In 1744 he was arrested by the government for supposed
desi.-ns favourable to the Pretender, but nothing was found
to justify his detention. In August, 1744, was printed m
an Svo pamphlet, -A collection of the several papers that
had been published by him relative to his great woili.
Proposals for printing were circulated in 1746, and m De-
cember, 1747, the first volume was given to the world.
■'Of the first volume of this History, 160 copies were printed on
royal paper. 860 on a second size, and 2000 on small paper. Of the
succeeding volumes. 100 only were printed on royal paper, and 650
on small paper."— -VWio/s's Lileram Am'cdotes. n. p. 101.
But a few lines in this noble book were permitted to
brin<' the whole into undeserved odium. Carte in one of
his notes, not originally intended for publication, refers
to the " sanative virtue of touching for the king s evil,
and adduces the case of a Christopher Lovel who was
touched by the Pretender, and cured. We make a short
extract, as this is a curious literary anecdote :
•• From thence Christopher made bis way fir.st to Pans, and
thence to the place where he was touched, in the beginning of
November following, by the eldest lineal descendant ot a race of
kings, who had indeed for a long succession of ages cured th.^t
distemper by the royal touch. But this descendant and next heir
of their blood had 'not, at least at that time, been crowned or
""now 'there was no treason in this. His avowed object
was to prove that it was an error to suppose that the 'sa-
native virtue" resided only in the eldest descendant of the
royal line, or in the wearer of the crown. That the Pre-
tender had the blood-roval in his veins, no one could deny.
But the corporation of London, perhaps not unwilling to
recommend themselves to the reigning monarch by their
rather ostentatious h.y.alty, withdrew their subscriptions,
and the history was neglected by the Bceotians of that
generation. In 1749 it was retailed at a shilling a num-
ber (36 nos.. 1. e. vol. 1, all yet pub.) to those who had the
sense to profit by the stolidity of their "f gl>''™'-=- .1^"'
Carte struggled manfully on. The 2d vol.---l 21 6-1509---
nppearedinl750; and the 3d-1509-1613-in 1/52 \ ol.
4th 1613-54, was pub. in 1755, about a year alter the au-
thor's decease. He intended to have brought it dow;n to
the Restoration. His valuable materials were lelt by Mrs.
Carte, for his lifetime, to her second husband, JSlr. Jerne-
gan, then to be deposited in the University of Oxford.
Mr Jernegan delivered them to the University in In 8,
for a valuable consideration. Whilst they were in his
possession, he charged the Earl of Hardwicke £'200 for the
perusal of them, and Jlr. Macpherson paid £.100 for the
same privilege. His History of Great Britain Lon., 17 ,5
2 vols. 4to, and Original Papers, 1775, 2 vols. 4to, with
Extracts from the Life of James II., as written by himself,
show that he was disposed to lose nothing by the invest-
°" 1-he character of Macpherson seems at an end. He endeayoured
to deceive the public, and to make them bebevo that the extiacts
he gave were from the king's o,„„ journal; but this they were not
He nerer saw the journal, as I have before mentioned He made
extracts from the Stuart papers, and additions from Carte. — Jlo/.
,'^mylh's Lectures on Mmi. Hist.
For the ten 4to vols, of the Brunswick Papers, Macpher-
son was indebted to a fortunate purchase of Mr. Duanc .s.
Mr. .lernegan was pleased with such a profitable^ mode
of assisting literary antiquaries, and as late as li7o he
advertised that he was still willing to loan them for a con-
sideration. But there were no more Earl Hardwickcs and
Macpbersons to be found, and. as we have stated, be re-
ceived a handsome sum in 1778 to place them in their
intended repository. Wo need not wonder that few were
hardy enough to attack "20 folios, 15 quartos, and some
OAK
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loose papers" in MS. : for such was the hulk of those
which treated of matters from 1654 to 168S. Of borrowers
from Carte, Hume is one of the largest, and would have
acted with more justice by a frank acknowledgment of
his obligations. It is amusing to observe the cavalier
manner in which he incidentally alludes to Carte in his
noles as "a late author of great industry and learning,
but full of prejudices and of no penetration." The two
authors occupy the same relative position as those of the
laborious miner and the skilful polisher of the precious
metal, which but for the assiduity of the former might still
be undistinguished beneath the clod. But those who wish
to gather ail the gold must still revert to Carte.
'' You may read Hume for his elotiuence, but Carte is the his-
torian fiir facts." — Warton.
*' Altbou:j:h the author died before the publication of the last
volume iu 1755 — intending to bring his work down to the Resto-
ration— yet he lived lou^ enou-jh to witness its success, and the
victory which be obtained over its numerous opponents, and the
shame attachL-d to those who bad withdrawn their oriizinal pa-
trona<;e. This work will live louj^, and always be consulted." —
Dibdin's Library Chmpanum.
" Notwithstandini; our author's opinions and pre^iudices, his
general History is undoubtedly a work of great merit in point of
information. It is written with eminent exactness and diligence,
and with a perfect kuowled'ie of orijiiinal authors." — Biog. Brit.
" In the eitrly part of the Kn^dish History, I should always pre-
fer the history of Carte to any other historian. lie was indef:iti*ra-
ble himself, in his researches, having dedicated his whole life to
them, and was assisted in what relates to "Wales by the labours of
Mr. Lewis Morris, of Penbryn, in Cardi;:ranshire. As for his poli-
tical prejudices, they cannot be supposed to have had any bias in
what relates to a transaction five hundred years ago, and which
hath nothing to do with the royal touch for the cure of king's
evil." — Daines Baerinuton.
"His learned work, which in other respects is but indifferently
Written, is replete with very useful researches, though mixed with
incurable prejudices." — MoNS. D'Eyverddm: voyez Memoires Lit-
tfiraires de la Grande Bretagne, 1768.
Dr. Richard Rawlinson declined the arduous task of
completing this valuable History. Mr. Carte also pub.
The History of the Revolution of Portugal. T740, Svo,
6ome Translations, &g. In 1742 he pub. A Full Answer
to a Letter from a Bystander. (Corbyn Morris, Esq., F.R. S,.)
which appeared in I74I. This elicited some other pam-
phlets.
"These tracts embody much curious discussion and information
with respect to taxation, and the expenditure of the public re-
venue for a lengthened period." — McCulhch\<i Lit.of Polit. Ecmomy.
Carter. Instructions for the Ladies in Riding, 1783, Svo.
Carter, Benjamin, Sermons, 1712-29.
Carter, Bezoleel. Sermons, 1618. '21.
Carter, Charles. Works on Cooking, 17.S0, '32. 4to.
Carter, E., of Exeter. Con. to Phil. Mag., ISlfi,
Description of a Gas Lamp for Coal Mines.
Carter^ Edmund. Artificer's Looking-Glass, Lon.,
1726, Svo.
Carter, Edmund. Assize Sermon, 1712, Svo.
Carter, Edmund, of Chelsea. The History of the
County of Cambridge from the Earliest Account to the
Present Time, Camb., 1753, Svo ; 2d edit, continued to
1819, by Wm. Upcott.
" The original edition having become extremely rare, 140 copies,
(100 on small, and 40 on large, paper) have been reprinted to gra-
tify the Topographical Collector." See Upcott's Preface.
The History of the University of Cambridge, from its
Origin to the Year 1753; in which a particular Account is
given of each College and Hall, their respective Founda-
tions, Founders, Benefactors, Bishops, Learned Writers,
Masters, Livings, Curiosities, tfcc, Lon., 1753, Svo, pp. viii.
and 471, with table and errata page.
" This most inaccurate book is the best outline for a history of
the university, which we possess." — Lowndes.
By no means : Thomas Baker's MS. Collections afford a
much better guide, (see the name in this volume,) where
we have already urged the preparation of an Athene
Cantabrigiensibus. With all due modesty, we think
that this Dictionary would be a great assistance to a Cam-
bridge Anthony Wood. We give a specimen of Carter's
work :
" In the course of this work, Mr. Oirkr mentions such as were
most famous for their learning and abilities, belonging to that
TJniversity; and as a specimen of bis judgment and talents for
characterizing learned men, take the following account of the
great Dr. Middleton.
" Dr. CoNTERS MiDDLETON, Fellow of Trinity ColUge.. many years
chief librarian of this University, author of Marcus Tullius Cicero,
A free ewjuiry into the miracitlous porvers, Ac, and some other
learned pieces, in which he displayed his learning, and lost his cha-
racter, as a divine, and as a churchman^ See Lon. Won. Kev.. 175.?.
After perusing this copious a,nd perspicuous morsel of
biography and bibliography, even we feel encouraged to
proceed.
Carter, Elizabeth, 1717-1S06, an ornament to her
eex^ and an honour to her race, was the eldest daughter
of the Rev. Nicholas Carter, D.D., perpetual curate of
the chapel in the town of Deal, Kent. Whilst yet very
young, she displayed a great desire for knowledge, to which
was added unwearied diligence in its acquisition, which is
the more creditable from the difficulty she experienced in
learning.
" This ardent thirst after knowledge was at length crowned with
complete success, and her acquirements became, even very early
in life, sncb as are rarely met with. What she once gained; she
never afterwards lost, an efl'ect, indeed, to be expected from the
intense application by which she acquired her learning, and which
is often by no means the case with those, the quickness of whose
faculties renders labour almost useless." — Kev. Montagu Penning-
ton: Memoirs of Mrs. Carter, Lon., 1S07, 4to.
She first made her appearance as an author in 173S,
when she published a volume of Poems, (in 4to,) composed
before she was twenty years of age. These were first pub.
anonymously, and were not subsequently much admired
by the fair author, for in another collection, pub. in 1762,
Svo, she only admitted two pieces from the former volume ;
{. €. Lines on her Birth-Day, and an Ode of Anacreon,
which she had trans, before her 17th year. In 1739 she
pub. a trans, from the French — the Examen of Crousaz on
Pope's Essay on Man. In the same year she gave to the
world a trans, from the Italian of Algorotti's Newtonionis-
mo par le Dame; Algorotti's Explanation of Newton's
Philosophy for the Use of the Ladies, 2 vols. 12mo. These
evidences of ability gave the authoress considerable repu-
tation in the literary world at home and abroad. Her
Ode to Wisdom, one of her best poetical pieces, was com-
posed in 1746. In 1719, at the solicitation of her friend
Miss Talbot, and Dr. Seeker, then Bishop of Oxford, after-
wards Archbishop of Canterbury, she commenced a trans-
lation of the writings of Epictetus. The choice was a good
one. Hereby all were admitted to enter
"That noble school of Philosophy, which preserved great souls
untainted at the court of dissolute and ferocious tyrants, which
exalted the slave [Epictetus] of one of Nero's courtiers to be a
moral teacher of after times."— SiR James Mackintosh.
This excellent work, not originally intended for the
press, was pub. in 175S, 4to ; pp. 34 and 505. 1018 copies
were struck off at once, and 250 more within three months
afterwards. The price was one guinea.
" It sold so well, and the price kept up so remarkably, that some
years after Dr. Seeker, then Archbishop of Canterbury, brought a
bookseller's catalogue to her, saying, Here, Madam Carter, see
how ill I am used by the world ; here are my sermons selling at
half-price, while your Epictetus truly is not to be had under IS
shillings; only three shillings less than the original subscription."
By this publication Mrs. C. was a gainer by about
£1000. As regards the merits of this translation, it is
sufficient to quote Dr. Warton's opinion that it "excels
the original." Her reputation as a profound and elegant
classical scholar was now established upon a firm basis.
Dr. Johnson had always been a warm admirer of her
talents, and as early as April, 173S, wrote to Cave:
"I have composed a Greek epigram to Eliza, and think she
ought to be celebrated in as many different languages as Lewis le
Grand.'' See Gent. Mag., April, 173S, for this Epigram to Eliza.
Cave thought that they should be better known to each
other, and introduced them. Johnson was then 29, and
"Eliza" 21. She mentioned the name of her new ac-
quaintance to her father, in a letter to the worthy clergy-
man. His answer is amusing to the present generation :
" You mention Johnson: but that is a name with which I am
utterly unacquainted. Neither his scholastic, critical, nor poeti-
cal character ever reached my ears. I a little suspect bis judgment
if he is very fond of MartiaV— Pennington's Memoirs of Mrs.
Carfrr.
Now, when a young lady dwells in her letters upon the
name of a new male acquaintance, especially if she be of
a literary turn, and adduce his literary tastes, be assured
that her heart is no Gibraltar. Even Johnson's physical
ugliness could be forgotten in the classic charm of his
comments upon Martial, and other worthies of the "elder
time." But, alas for his corpulent, elderly wife, alas for
Mrs. Johnson ! she was too substantial to be dissipated by
the incantations of Anacreon or the reveries of Plato!
Perhaps this is all imagination on our part. Perhaps
there was nothing more like love for Johnson than she
woidd have felt for the animated bust of Epictetus had it
suddenly assumed life and corrected the translator's ver-
sion. However, tbey lived in friendship for nearly half a
century, that is, until Johnson's death in 1784. Some of
our readers of the gentler sex will tell us that the airy
tissue of Love could never be woven into the substantial
fabric of a 46 years' friendship ! Perhaps this is as proper
a place as any to state that Elizabeth Carter was never
married. Seriously, we have no idea of any stronger feel-
ing than mutual regard between the author of Rasselaa
and the translator of Epictetus. That under other cir-
347
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cumstances, there was sufficient congeniality of taste to
have led to more tender sentiments, no one can question.
That Mrs. Carter would have made a good wile, we have
Johnson's own authority:
" Upon hearing a lady commended for her learninf;. Dr. Johnson
said, ' A man is in general better pleased when he has a good
dinner upon his table, than when his wife talks Gr^eli. My old
friend Mrs. Carter,' he added, ' could make a pudding as well as
translate Epictetus from the Greek; and work a handkerchit-f as
well as compose a poem.' "
Johnson as early as 173S had been anxious that she
Bhould turn her learning to account, for Cave writes to
Birch in that year : .,,.,„
" Mr. .lohnson advises Miss C. to undertake a translation of isoe-
thius de Cons, because there is prose and verse, and to put her
name to it when published."' r t.
When a celebrated Greek scholar was spoken ol, the i
doctor remarked, " Sir, he is the best Greek scholar in
England, except Eliz.4BETH Cakter." It is not a little
curious that the lady's translation of Crousa-i's E.tamen
of Pope's Essay on Man was ascribed to Johnson. Bos-
well quotes an article from Dr. Birch's MSS. in the Briti.sh
Museum, which confirmed his opinion that his "guide,
philosopher, and friend" was not the translator :
•' Klisu Carterie S. P. D. Thomas liirch Versionem tuum Kxa-
minisCrous:i/i:inijam,.erlegi. . . . Summam st.vli et elegantiim,
et in re difti.illinia |,r.,i,rietatem. admlratus. Dabam Novemb. 2/, I
1T3S." See liinh MSS,, Brit. Mus.. 43l^i.
As a linguist, Mrs. Carter was familiar to a greater or
less degree°with Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish,
French, and German. „ , , ..,
Of the few numbers contributed to the Rambler, Nos.
4i and 100 are by Mrs. C. Eighteen years after their
first introduction, Johnson writes with much gallantry to
the lady : ^^ <• r.
'■The name of Miss Carter introduces the memory of Cave.
Poor dear Cave ! I owed him much ; for to him I owe that I have
known vou. ' — Jan. 14. IToii. ., -n
Twenty-eight years later Johnson remarked at the Jissex
•• I dined yesterday at Mrs. Cxrrick's with Mrs. Carter, Miss
Hannah Jlor'e, and Fanny Burney. Three such women are not to
be found." . . , r
Thus comely and pleasant was that friendship which lor
nearly half a century nothing hod broken ; but Dealh ac-
com]ilished what naught else could, and in a few months
after the above was spoken, the " mourners went about the
streets" for one of the greatest of philosophers and best of
men. Mrs. Carter's testimony to his worth should have
great weight with those petty cavillers who would question
the excellence of an apostle, if he should happen to prove
that he was not quite an angel also !
" I see by the papers that Dr. Johnson is dead. In extent of
learning, and exijuisite purity of moral writing, he has left no su-
perior, and 1 fear very few equals. Ills virtues and his piety were
founded on the steadiest of Christian principles and faith. His
faults. I firmly believe, arose from the irritations of a most suffer-
ing state of nervous constitution, which scarcely ever allowed him
a moment's ease." — Lt'tUr to Mrs. Montagu.
Be it remembered that this is the testimony of one of
the wisest of women and most devout of Christians. Let
those who would be convinced of this — especially let all
of that sex upon which she has conferred such undying
honour— peruse the Memoirs of her Life by Mr. Penning-
ton, (1807, 4to; 1808, 2 vols. Svo,) and her Letters to Miss
Talbot and Mrs. Vesey (1808, 2 vols. 4to; l.-^og. 4 vols.
8vo;) and to Mrs. Montagu, (1817, 3 vols. 8vo.) The fol-
lowing commendation from one of the most polished gen-
tlemen of Europe will have far more weight than any
thing which we can urge :
" Mrs. Carter's Correspondence pleases me very much ; the purity
and respectability of their lives. [Mrs. Carter and Mrs. Vesey,]
their uninteirupted friendship, the elegance of their pursuits-
form altogether an agreeable subject of conversation."— SlE J.4MES
M^CKI.VTOSE.
So truly humble was the unobtrusive female whom the
rank and genius of the land delighted to honour that
when Mr. Pennington, her nephew, told her of his design
of writing some account of her life if he should survive
her, she replied—" '^Vhat can be said of so obscure an in-
dividual as I am? and what do you think the world will
care about me?"
What a noble example does this excellent woman pre-
sent f..r the emulation of her sex ! We have occasionally
in the course of this volume felt it our duty to stimulate
the ambition of our female readers to the acquisition of
Bomething better than mere fashionable elegance, and
nidder conquests than those afforded by the Opera or the
Ball-room. The amelioration of the heart, the cultivation
of the intellect, the visitation of the poor and wretched,
the instruction of the ignorant, and the duties ol devotion,
Eurely have higher and holier claims upon immortal be-
318
CAR
ings than the frivolities of fashion and the petty compe-
tilTons of rivalry, where success is without honour, and
pre-eiiiineuce entitled only to contempt.
Carter, Francis, d. 1783. A Journey from Gibral-
tar to Malaga, Lon., 1777, 2 vols. Svo; plates sold sepa-
rately; reprinted, 1778, 2 vols. Svo, including
Mr. C. resided long in Spain, and
the plates,
_ ^ _ collected"'a library of
books in the Spanish language, of which he drew up a
descriptive catalogue, with biographical notes and speci-
mens of style. Only one sheet was pub. — An Historical
and Critical Account of early-printed Spanish Books —
when ho was overtaken by death. Mr. George Ticknor,
of Boston, h.as recently published A History of Spanish
Literature, New York, and London, 1849, 3 vols. Svo,
which has been higlily commended, (%: n.)
Carter, Francis, M.D. An Account of the various
Systems of Medicine, from the days of Hippocrates to the
present time, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo.
-.sofar is the author from giving an account of «fe uarioMS .^ys-
tems, &€.. that he wholly omits several, touches but slightly on a
few, and fiiUi/ e:rplains only one system, viz., that of Dr. Brown.
Di- Carter seems no less'indined to abuse, than was his late friend,
Dr B ; but he abuses with less art and less keenness. « e shaU
conclude with an humble hint to the defenders of the Brunonian
doctrine: a weak cause requires a .strong advocate; but we have
not observed tluit any very powerful champion hath yet entered
the lists in fiivour of the opinions maintained by the late Dr.
Brown." — Lon. Monthti/ Jtevtew. 11^9.
Carter, George. Loss of the Grosvenor E. India-
man, 1791, 8vo.
Carter, Harry W., M.D. Remarks upon a pub. by
Belsham, 1819, Svo.
Carter, Henry Y., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts,
1792-95.
Carter, John. Vindicise Decim.arium, Lon., 1040,
4to. This is a plea for the Jus Vivinnm of Tithes, based
on Hebrews vii. 8.
Carter, John. The Nail hit on the Head; two
Serins., Lon., I.i47, 4to. The Tomb-stone, and a rare
Sight, Lon., ir.J3, 12ino.
I Carter, John. Life of J. C, the Authors Father,
I 1653, Svo. ., ,
1 Carter, John. Practical English Grammar, Leeds,
1773, Svo. .
Carter, John. Treatises on Infant Baptism, Ac,
1774, 'SO, '81, '88.
i Carter, John. Albert; a Tragedy, 1787, Svo.
Carter, John, F. S. A., an eminent architect, 1748-
1817, was a native of London. Specimens of Ancient
Sculpture now remaining in England; commenced in
numtiers, 1780, terminated in 1794; not completed ; price
£15 15». ; new edit., much improved, with illuminations
and complete Index, 1838, 2 vols. r. fob in one ; £8 8«.,
120 lar.'e engravings. The letter-press was written by
Francis Douce, the Rev. Jlr. Milner, Sir S. R. Meyrick,
Dawson Turner, John Britton, and Messrs. Gough, Bray,
Fenn, Hawkins, Ac. Collection of 120 views of ancient
Buildings in England. 1786, 6 vols. 32mo. ; repub. as
Specimens of Gothic Architecture; ancient buildings in
England, comprised in 120 views, Lon., 1824, 4 vols.
16mo. This includes Warton's Essay on Gothic Archi-
tecture. Progress of Architecture, 4to. His miupium opiit
was The Ancient Architecture of England, 1795-1816;
2 vols. foL, vol. i. 21 nos. : of vol. ii. only 7 nos. were pub.
A new edition, enlarged and improved, was pub. by Mr.
John Britton in 1837, 2 vols. r. fol. in one; £4 4».
"This great national work exhibits almost every important
Architectural Hemaiu iu the kingdom, from the earliest time to
the rei.-ns of Henry III. and Kdward III.; together with nume-
rous DCtails (irnaments. &c. It has always been considered one
of the most useful bu,.ks the architectural student can possess
" This ori-'ioal :incl important work contains, in 109 large plates,
as many Archit.cturid Examples. Ornaments, and Antiquities, as
on the ordinary plan of publishing would suffice for at least twenty
" '°Mr Carter was the first to point out to the public the right
wav of delineating and representing the component and detached
parts of the Did Buildings of England. His National ^\ork on
Ancient Architecture occupied him, in drawing, etching, arrang-
ing and publishing, more than twenty years. It is highly valu-
able."—BiiHon'.'s Arch. Antiq.. v. 3S, 68. , ,. .
" This Collection supplied a want which has long heen felt, and
enabled the architect to do his work."— if.ii. Quart.rli, ^"'ific.
Mr. Carter pub. many criticisms in the Gent. Mag.,
1798-1817, upon Architectural Innovation, in which he
severely censures the alterations made in the cathedrals
of Salisbury, Durham, Lichfield, Ac.
"Tlie enthusiastic zeal of that able draughtsman and antiquary
was undoubtedly eltectual in checking the mutilation of ancient
monuments. ' We ne'er shah, look upon his uke .lU.ilN. — t COIN.
See, also. Memoir of John Carter, by W. J. Dampicr,
p. Svo.
CAR
Carter, Landon, of Virginia. Con. to Trans. Amer.
Soc, i. 274, ITSy ; on the Fly-Weevil that destroys the
W ]l C SI t/
Carter, Matthew. Expeditioa of Kent, Essex, and
Cukbcsler, Lon., 1650, Svo. v t j
• Tliis Iract lecoids suveral particulars not noticed by Lord
Clareiid.in and cmr neneial historians."— LowNDES.
llon.piir Re.livivus, or the Analysis of Honour and Har-
mony, liiW), 'fiS, 7.3, Svo.
Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine, 17SS?-183n, a
poet, was a native of Kew Hanipshire. Letters from
Euro].e. 1S27, 2 vols. Svo. His longest poetical piece was
The I'ains of Imagination, delivered at Dartmouth Col-
Ictie. See Specimens of Amer. Poetry for his Hymn for
Ciiristmas.
Carter, Nicholas, D. D. Sermons, 171b -57, 4to
and -Svo.
Carter, Peter. A Latin treatise, Lon., 1563, Svo;
in J.diiinuis Setoni Dialecticam Annotationes, Ac.
Carter, Ralph. Trial of George Timewell, Lon.,
17-lS. Svo. . ,
Carter, Richard, The Schismatick stigmatized,
Lun., 1611, SV".
Carter, Samuel. Legal Reports and Treatises,
Lon., 16SS-17:-:7.
Carter, Thomas. Semis., 1645. Ac.
Carter, Thomas, 1768-1800, a musical composer,
was tlie author of "0 Nanny, wilt thou gang with me?"
" Stand to your guns, my hearts of oak," Ac.
Carter, Thomas Thellusoii, Rector of Clewer.
1. Doctrine of the Priesthood, 1857, Svo. 2. Life of Bishop
Armstrong, fcp., 1857, Svo : see Akmsthono, JoH.f, D.D.
3. Sermons.
Carter, William. Serms., 1642, '48, '54.
Carter, M illiam, or WooU. Publications on Trade,
Ac, Lou., 1(;71-'.I4.
Carter, William, M. D. Med. Treatises, Lon.,
1771. 72.
Carter, William, Lt. A Detail of the several En-
gagements, Ac. of the Royal and American Armies,1775-
76, Lon., 1784, 4to.
Carteret, John, Viscount Carteret and Earl Gran-
ville, 1690-1763, contributed to S. Buckley's 3d letter to
Dr. Mead, respecting B.'s edit, of Thuanus, a character of
that historian, (i>. p. 21,) and favoured Buckley with some
useful hints concerning the enterprise. See Buckley,
Samuel, and Carte, Thojias.
Johnson excused his Letter on the Battle of Dettingen
upon the plea of want of practice ; and his lordship him-
self did not consider it a classical piece of composition,
for he remarked, when he had finished it,
" Here is a letter expressed in terms not good enough for a tal-
low-chandler to have used."
His lordship, however, had learning, if he lacked stylo,
and turned it to profitable account in procuring MSS. for
Dr. Bentley's use when urging him to underlako a new
edition of Homer. In this connection, an anecdote occurs
to us, too good to be omitted :
The great Centley, who was known to old Lady Gran-
ville only as " the country clergyman," when in town
would spend the evenings with Lord Carteret in classical
conversations. On one occasion Lady Granville rebuked
her son for having kept " the country clergyman" up the
night before till he became intoxicated. His lordship
denied that his friend was in such an unclerical condition.
Lady Granville replied that "the clergyman could not
have sung in so ridiculous a lu.anner, unless he had been
in liquor." " The truth was, that the singing thus mis-
taken by her ladyship, was Dr. Bentley's endeavour to in-
struct and entertain his noble friend by reciting Terence
according to the true cantilena of the ancients !"
Amidst his lordship's struggles for place and power, he
had an affectation of saying — '* I love my fireside." This
gave rise to the amusing poetical satire by Hawkins
Browne, entitled. The Fire-side ; a Pastoral Soliloquy.
He gave a copy of the Bible to a friend, who shortly after
displayed it to him in an elegant binding. " You have
done with it," said his lordship, *' as the king has done
with me : he made me fine, and he laid me by."
" Lord Granville had great parts, and a most nnconinion share of
learning for a man of quahty. lie was one of the best speakers in
the House of Lords, both in the declamatory and the argumentative
way. . . . Uis character may be summed up in nice precision, quick
decision, and unbridled presumption."' — Lord Chesterfield.
Carteret, Capt. Philip. Voyage round the World
in 1766, '67, '68, '69 : see Hawkesworth's Voyages, i. 522,
,1779,
CAR
Carthew, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the King's
Bench from 3d Jas. II. to 12 Will. III., Lon., 1728, fok;
2d edit., with additions, 1741, fol.
" Carthew, in general, is a good reporter." — Lord Kenton.
"I own that he is in general a very good and a very faithful re-
porter, but 1 laucy he was mistaken in the case of Leigh v. Brace.'*
— Chief Justice Willes.
" Carthew and Counterbach are equally had authority. — Lord
Thurlow.
Now the lawyers may settle this case for the judges, as
they think best. It is too knotty for a layman.
Cartouche, t. D. His Life and Actions, Lon.,
1722. Svo.
Cartwright, !>Irs. Novels and Memoirs, Lon.,
'80, '85, '»7, 12mo.
Cartwright, Charles, M.D. His unfortunate Ad-
ventures, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Cartwright, Charles. Commercial Treatises, 1782^
'88, Svo.
Cartwright, Christopher, 1602-1658. Electa Tar-
gumico-Rabbiuica; sive adnotationes in Genesin ex trip-
lici Targum, Ac, Lon., 1648, 12mo. Idem in E-iodum,
1653, 12ino.
" The Targums referred to are those of Onkelos. .Jonathan, and
the Jerusalem. R.abbi Solomon, Aben Ezra, and other Jewish
writers, are often quoted. The Septuagint, and the versions of
Aquila, Theodotion. and Symm.achus, are also used."— Orme.
Mellificium Hebraicum. sive observationes ex Hebrse-
orum Antiquiorum monumentis desumpta?, Ac; in the
8th vol. of the Critici Sacri, pp. 1271, 1426.
" It applies successfully the Rabbinical writings to the illustra-
tions of the Scriptures." — OltME.
'•To our learned counlryman. Cartwright, belongs the honour
of being the fir.st who applied the more ancient writings of the
Jews to the illustration of the Bible. He was followed in the
same path of literature by Prusius, whose Fratei-ita sive Anwita-
timies m Tnlum Ji-su Clirisli TeshimmUan. (4to, Fran., 1012,) con-
tain many valuable illustrations of the New Testament. Some
additions were subsequently made to his work by Balthasar
Scheidius. whose Pra-terita Pra'teritorum are included in the
publication of Meuschen — Novum Teshameutum ex Talmude,
A-c. Lipsiae. 1730, 4to."— T. II. HoRXE.
Cartwright pub. some other works.
Cartwright, Edninnd, 1743-1823, a Fellow of Mag-
dalen College, Oxford. Constantia, 1768, 4to. Almine and
Elvira, 1775, 4to ; 9th edit, with other poems, 1804, Svo.
The Prince of Peace, and other poems, 1779, 4to. Sonnets
to Eminent Men, 1783, 4to. A Memorial, 18110, Svo.
Serms., 1802, '08. Svo. Letters and Sonnets addressed to
Lord John Russell, IS07, 12nio.
" Almost of historical value in reference to the present high
standing of his lordship, the letters being early attempts at direct-
ing his judgment and improving his literary tastes."
Cartwright, Eliza. To this lady we are indebted
for the literary portion of Mr. John Gilbert's Chrono-
logical Pictures of English History. Lon., imp. fol.
" An elegant mode of insinuating a knowledge of English His-
tory." — A&iati€ Journal.
Cartwright, Frances D. The Life and Corre-
spondence of her uncle, Major (John) Cartwright, Lon.,
2 vols. Svo. This work contains a map of his discoveries
and explorations in the interior of Newfoundl.aud, re-
marks on the situation of the Aborigines, correspondence
with President Jefferson, Ac
" An entertaining and rather curious piece of biography." —
Lon. Monlliiy Uri'iew, July, 1S2G.
Cartwright, Francis.
1621, 4to.
Cartwright, George.
IGGl, Svo.
Cartwright, George.
Life, Confession, Ac, Lon.,
The Heroic Lover, Lon.,
Journal of nearly 16 years'
Residence in the Coast of Labrador, Newark, 1792, 3
vols. 4to.
"The annals of his Campaigns among the Foxes and Beavers
interested me more than ever did the exploits of Marlborough or
Frederick; besides, 1 saw plain truth aud the heart in Cartwrighfs
Book; and in what history could I look for these? The print is
an excellent likeness." — Coleiudoe.
Cartwright, J. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo.
Cartwright, John. A Preacher's Travels, Lon.,
1611, 4to. See Purchas's Pilgrim, vol. ii., and Osburne's
Voyages, i. 709, 1745.
Cartwright, Ma.ior John, 1740-1824, of the Royal
Navy, and Major in tho Nottinghamshire Militia, was a
warm friend of the Independence of America, and refused
to fight against her liberties. In 1774 he pub. American
Independence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain ; 2d
edit., 1775. A list of his political pamphlets will he found
in Watt's Bib. Brit. His Life and Correspondence by hia
niece are noticed above. He corresponded with a number
1773. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1770 : of Camelopardalis found I of American gentlemen, and at homo was an earnest advo-
at the Cape of Good Hope, I cate of annual parliaments and universal suffrage. The
CAR
Cartwright, Thomas, of Q. College, Oxf. Serms.,
le.i'J. 4to.
Cartwright, William, 1611-1643, anative of North-
way, Gloucestei-shire, was educated at Westminster, and
Chiist Church. Oxfurd. He tiiok holy orders in 1638.
'■ He becime the most florid and serapbic.il preacher in theUni-
Tersity. . . . His prciching Tvas so graceful and profound withal,
that none of his time or age went beyond him." — Athen. Oxon.
But he seems to have been unwilling to relinquish the
society of the Muses. He pub. The Royal Slave ; a Tragi-
comedy, Oxf., 1639, 4to ; 1640, 4to. To the Earl of Pem-
broke and Montgomery, 1041, fol. Comedies. Tragi-Come-
dies, with other Poems, 1641. Poemata Grwca et Latina,
and some other pieces. In 1643 he was chosen Junior
Proctor of the University of Oxford, and Reader in Meta-
physics, and died the same year of a malignant fever. An
edit, of his Plays and Poems was pub. in lOol, 8vo, pre-
ceded by fifty copies of verses, highly eulogistic, from the
chief literary characters of the day. Of this edit, some
copies contain more matter than others. See Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon. Perhaps there is no instance in the annala
of English literature of an author more admired by hia
ship was taken from him. He visited the Continent, where ' contemporaries of distinction than Cartwright appears to
he remained for some years, and, returning, followed up ' have been. Indeed, he is now better known by the praises
Field and Wilcox's admonition to the Parliament by a , of others than by his own works. These, with the excep-
Second Admonition for relief ag.ainst the subscription re- | tion of his plays, which are now entirely neglected, consist
quired by the ecclesiastical commissioners, 1572. To this , principally of political addresses to distinguished characters
Dr. Whitfift pub. an answer the same year. Cartwright I of the day. We quote a lew of the commendations which
replied in 1573, and Whitgift responded in 1574, which were showered so profusely upon Cartwright and his me-
last elicited two more publications from Cartwright in 1675
CAR
following enlogy upon his character from a distinguished
source is worthy of quotation :
*' He was one whose enlightened mind and profound constitu-
tional knowledge placed him in the highest rank of public cha-
racter, and whose purity of principle and consistency of conduct
through life commanded the most respectful attention to his opi-
nions.'"— Ch.^rles James Fox.
Cartwright, Thomas, 1535?-1603. acelebr.ated Pu-
ritan divine, was a native of Hertfordshire. He was ad-
mitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1550, and in
1560 wjis chosen Fellow. In 1567 he commenced B.D.,
and in 1570 was chosen Lady Margaret Divinity Reader.
His lectures gave great offence to Archbishop Grindal, who
complained to Sir William Cecil, Chancellor of the Uni-
versity, that the students were " in danger to bo poisoned
with a love of contention and a liking of novelty." Dr.
Whitgift also found fault, not only with his public state-
ments, but also with " what he had uttered to him in pri-
vate conference." Ho was forliidden to read any more
lectures until further orders, and in 1571, when Dr. Whit-
gift became Vice-Chancellor of the University, Cartwright
was deprived of his Professorship, and in 1572 his Fellow
and 1577. To the disgrace of the government, he was
several times imprisoned, and his health injured by con-
finement and bad treatment. An Admonition to the People
of England, Ac, Lon., 1589, 4to. A Briefe Apologie, Ac,
Lon., 1596, 4to. In lilirum Salomonis qui inscribitur Ec-
clesiastes, Ac, Lon., 16114, 4to. Metaphrasis et Homilia.'
in Ecclesiasten, Marp. Catt, 1604, 8vo ; Amsi, 1632, '47,
4to. Comment, upon Epistle to the Romans, Lon., 1612,
4to. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1616, 4to. A Confutation
of the Rhemish Translation, Glosses, and Annotations on
the New Testament, 1618, fol.
" It came forth privately without license, and seems to have been
printed abroad." — SIrt/pr's Annals.
'■The confutation of the English Roman Catholic version oWbe
New Testament displays the wi-iter's extensive acquaintance with
the Scriptures, and the power of his controversial talents. All the
passages in dispute between Catholics and Protestants are largely
discussed." — Okme.
"In 1749 a new edition of the Anglo-Romish Bible, with some
alterations in the text, .and many in the notes, was published from
the copy of Dr. Chaloner. titular bishop of Debra, and one of the
vicars-apostolic of the Romish Church in England. Various other
editions have been printed at different times and in different sizes."
— T. II. UoaNE.
Commentarii in Provcrbia Salomonis, Ac, Lug. Bat.,
1617, fol. ; Amst., 1638, 4to. The Pope's Dc-idlie Wound,
Ac, Lon.. 1621, 4to. Commentaria Practicain totum Ilis-
toriam Evangelicam, ex quatuor Evangelistis harmonice
concinn.atum, 1630, fol.; elegantly printed by Elzevir at
Amst., 1647, 4to, under the title llarmonia Evangeliea, Ac.
An English version appeared in 1650. A Directory for
Church Government, 1644, 4to.
'■ Cartwright was the leader of the Puritans, and remark.ible for
his extensive acquaintance with the Scriptures, and the power of
his controversial talents." — Park.
'■ He continued his diligence and assiduities in his studies even
in his old age: and his usual manner was to rise at two. three, and
four o'clock in the morning at the latest, both summer and winter;
notwithstanding that his bodily infirmities were such that he was
foi-ced to study continually upon his knees. . . . His manner was
not to keep any more money in his pui-se. but what might serve
for charitable uses. He was very bountiful to poor scholars. He
distributed money every S.al>bath-day .among the poor of the town
of Warwick, besides what he gave to the prisoners, and upon other
occasions both at home and abroad." — Clarke's Lives of 32 English
Divines, <£c.
'* One saith. ' for riches, he sought them not.' and another saith,
' thivt he died rich ;' and I believe both say true ; (iod sometimes
making wealth to find them who seek not for it, seeing many and
great were his benefactors." — FiJJer's Worthies.
See Biog. Brit,; Zouch's Walton's Lives; Strype's Par-
ker; Strype's Grindal: Peck's Desiderata.
Cartwright, Thomas, 1634-1689, supposed to be
grandson to the preceding, was a native of Northampton.
He was educated at Magdalen Hall. Oxford, but was re-
moved to Queen's College by the Parliamentary Visitors
mory :
« Qtrtwright. rare Cartwright. to whom all must bow,
That was best preacher, and best poet too ;
Whose learned fancy never was at rest.
But ;ilways labouring, yet laboured least." — John Leigh.
*' His style so pleases the judicious Gown,
As that there's something too for Wits o' th' town :
Rough-handed Critics do approve, and yet
'Tis treasure for the Ladies cabinet." — Ralph BATHtntST.
" Cartwright is the utmost man can come to." — Da. Eell, Bishop
of Oxfiml. See also Mayne's and Stapylton'e lines.
" aiy son Cartwright writes all like a man." — Ben. Jonson.
" He was another Tnlly and Virgil, as being most excellent for
oratory and poetry, in which faculties, as also in the Greek tongue,
he was so full and absolute, that those who knew him best, knew
not in which he most excelled. ... If the wits read his poems, di-
vines his sermons, and philosophers his lectures on Aristotle's
metaphysics, they would scarce believe that he died at a little above
thirty years of age."— Asthoxt Wood.
" He was extremely remarkatde both for his outward and inward
endowments, — ins body being as handsome as his soul. . . . Hewaa
an excellent ur;itnr. aiVl vet an adioir;iIile poet,— a quality which
Cicero witli all Ins jiiiin- culii imt attain to." — Gerard Laxgbaine.
Cartwriglit, William. Stem. graphy,Lon.,16i2,12mo.
Cartwright, Rev. William. Seasons of Life; a
Poem, 17S6, 8vo.
Carus, William, Canon of Winchester. Sermon,
1 Tim. iv. 16, Camb., 1845, 8vo. Memoirs of the Life of
Charles Simeon ; with a Selection from his Writings and
Correspondence. Lon.. 1847, 8vo.
Carvalho, S. N., of Baltimore, accompanied Col.
Fremont in one of his exjdoring-tours. Perilous Adven-
tures in the Far West, N. York, 1856, 12mo.
Carve, Thomas, Tipperariensis, a priest, Apos-
tolic Notary, and Vicar-Chor.al of St. Stephen's, b. 1690,
living in 1072. when he pub. his Responsio Veridica. 1.
Itincrarivm, (Pars I.,) Mogunt, 1639, 18mo, Editio tertia
auctior correctior, 1640, ISmo. Pars II,, 1641, ISmo.
Pars III., Spir.Tj, 1646, 18mo. The Itinerarium was also
pub. in German. 1640, 18mo. 2. Rerum Germanicum,
1617-41,8.;.; 1641. 12mo. 3. Lyra, sen AnacephaUcosis
Hibernica, Ac, Vienna', Austria-, (1051,) 4to. Editio se-
cunda, Sul-ibaci, 1666, 4to. Nicolson says that the first
ed. was in 1060. 4. Responsio Veridica ad illotum Libcl-
lum, Solisbaci, 1672, ISmo. See an account of Curve's
very rare works in Bibliotheca Grcnvilliana, vol. i. 1 IS-
119. See also Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib., ed. 1770, 9.
Carver, J. Treatise on Arithmetic, 1815.
Carver, Capt. Jonathan, 1732-1780, a native of
Stillwater, Connecticut, commanded a company in the
French War. He travelled 7000 miles, being absent two
years and five months, through the interior portions of
North America, with a design to the public benefit. In
1778 he pub. Travels through the interior p.arts of North
Americainthe years 1706. '67, and '68, Lon.. 8vo ; 3d edit.,
1049; Prebendary of Durham. 1672; Dean of Ripon, ! with an account of his Lite by Dr. Letlsom. Lon., li 81. Svo.
He was one of the Com- I He died in great poverty, and it was owing to Dr. Lettsoni s
account of his sufferings and ill-reqnited labours tor tlie
English government.that the Literary Fund was establi.shed.
Carver also pub. A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco
Plant, Lon., 1779, 8vo. The New Universal Traveller,
Lon., 1779, fol. This is not his production, but ho is said
1677; Bishop of Chester, 1686,
missioners in the attempt made by James II. to control the
President and Fellows of Magdalen College. Sermons,
Speech, Ac, 1662-87.
We can say nothing in commendation of Bishop Cart-
wright.
350
CAR
to hare lent his name to it An edit, of his Travels was
pub. at Boston in 1797.
"Tbere is murh inforitiation in this work respecting th-it part
of AmeriL-a which h-ts lately attracted so much attention from its
Ticinity to the supposed northwest passage: it is in all other re-
spect s. except natural history, an interesting and instructive work."
.— iS'ci'f »,'<i»\s' Vi-n/agrs and Travels.
Carver, Blarmaduke. Sermons, Lon., 1662, '66, Svo.
Carwell, Thomas. Labyrinthus Cantuariensis; or
Dr. Laud's Labyrinth, Paris, 1658, fol.
Carwithenj J. B. S., 1781-1S32, P. Curate of Sand-
hurst, Berks, ISKI ; of Frimlcy, Hants, 1814. A 'View of
the Brahminical Religion, Lon., ISIO. Ilist. of the Church
of England ; 2d edit, Oxf., lSi9. 2 vols. sm. Svo : for re-
view, see Brit. Crit., vii. 45, and xiv. 45.
t'arivithin. Rev. William. The Seasons of Life :
a Poem in four parts, 17SS, 8yo.
Cary. SoU'inn Call to Baptism, 1690, Svo.
Cary, Anthony, fourth Viscount Falkland, wrote Pro-
logues to The Old Bachelor, and to Otway's Soldier's
Fortune.
Cary, Sir George. Reports of Cases in Chancery,
&c., Lon.. 1650; 1655, Svo; 1820, 12mo.
Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth. See Carey.
Cary, Heury, first Viscount Falkland, d. 1633, was
sent to E.'ieter College, Oxford, at the age of 16, where he
acquired distinction by his talents. He was Comptroller
of the Household, and in 1622 created Lord Deputy of
Ireland. The History of King Edward ; puli. from Lord
Falkland's MS. in 1680, fol. and Svo. A Letter to James I.
Epitaph on Elizabeth, Countess of Huntingdon. These
were all that were pub. from a number of MS. works.
" He was a most accomplished gentleman, and complete cour-
tier."— FuUri's Wtrrtlucz.
'• Lord I-'alkland seems to have been more distinpuished by his
rectitude than abilities."— Dr. Leland: Hist, if Ireland.
" Lord Falkland, instead of enriching himself by his great places,
■wasted a full fortune.it court, in those olBces and employmentsby
which other men use to obtain a greater." — Karl of Clarendon :
Bist. f'f the Febetlion.
Cary, Henry. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1720,
12mo: "l729, 4to.
Cary, Henry. Fruit of Pleading, in Sir Edward
Coke's Reports, ton., 1601, Svo. The Law of Engliind;
or a true Guide for all Persons concerned in Ecclesiastical
Courts. Lon., 1666. 12mo.
Cary, Henry. The Law of Partnership, Lon.,1827,Svo.
"t'arv nn JJartnership has nothing in particular to recommend
it. except it be the addition of new Cases, arising since the publi-
cation of Mr. Gow, [4th edit, of Gow, Lon., Ili41, Syo.]''— 3 Kent's
Oim., m.
On the Statutes relating to Offences against the Person,
Lon., 1828, 12mo. A Commentary on the Tenures of Lit-
tleton, written prior to the publication of Coke upon Lit-
tleton. Editeil by Henry Cary from the MSS. in the British
Museum, Lon., 1829, 8vo. The author of this Commentary
lived toiip. James I. ; his name is unknown. Some of his
illustrations have been highly commended, hut
" As far as authority is concerned, no newly-discovered and
anonymous manuscript can compete with tlie i-eputation of the
Firstlnstitute." See HotTman's Legal Study ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Cary, Henry, of Worcester College, Oxford, son of
the translator of Dante, Ac. Testimonies of the Fathers,
Ac, Oxf., 1S35, Svo.
'• This work may be classed with those of Pearson and Bishop
Bull ; and such a classification is not a mean honour." — C/ntrch of
EiKjland Qirarteiti/.
Sicmorials of the Great Civil War in England from 1646
to 1652, Lon., 1S42, 2 vols. Svo.
" We can safely recommend this work to all lovers of historical
literature." — Lojt. Literari/ Gmrlte.
Mr. Cary has edited new edits, of his father's E.arly
French Poets, Lives of English Poets, and trans, of Dante,
and also some of the works of Wm. Cavf:, {e/. r.)
Cary, Henry Francis, 1772-1.S44. a native of Bir-
mingham, pub. at the age of 1 5 An irregular Ode to (ieneriil
Elliott, Lon., 17S7, 4to, and in the next year Sonnets and
Odes, 17il7, 4to. At IS he was entered as a Commoner of
Christ Cliurch, Oxford: M.A.. 1796; Vicar of Bromley's,
Abbat's, 1797 ; assistant Librarian in the Brit Museum,
1826. He was in receipt of a pension from the Govern-
ment of £200 per year. Ode to Gener.al Kosciusko, Lon.,
1797, 4to. Inferno of Dante, with an English trans, in
Blank Verse; Notes and Life of the Author. Lon., 1806,
'22, fp. Svo; 2d edit., with the Inferno, together with the
Purgatorio and P.aradiso, ISl.S, 3 vols. 32mo. A trans, of
the Birds of Aristophanes and of the Odes of Pindar. New
edit of the trans, of Dante, revised by the translator's sons,
1847, p. Svo. Lives of English Poets, from Johnson to
Kirke White; designed as a continuation to Johnson's
Lives, edited by Mr. C.'s son, Lon., 1846, 12mo. The Early
CAR
French Poets; a Series of Notices and Translations, edited
and with introduc. by Mr. Cary's son, Lon., 1847, 12mo.
The contents of the last two works were originally I>ub.
anon, in the Old London JMagazine. Mr. C. also edited
the poetical works of Pope, Cowper. Milton, Thomson, and
Young. In 1847 (2 vols. p. Svo) his son. Rev. Henrt
Cary, {</. v.) pub. Memoirs of the Rev. Henry Francis
Cary : with his Literary Journal and Letter.s. Mr. C. was
buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. His trans,
of Dante cannot be too highly commended : its merits wera
perceived and brought to public attention by Samuel Taylor
Coleridge.
'^Of all the translators of T>ante with whom we are acquainted,
Mr. Cary is the most successful; and we cannot but consider his
work asa great acquisition to the English reader. It is executed
with a fidelity almost without example." — Edin. Jfeview. No. 5S.
■■ Mr. Cary's translation — the Ijest we have ever read of any work."
— Lon. Qitarierhj I\'tv)ew,Jtdy, 1S23.
" Cary's version of Dante is universally allowed to be one of the
most masterly productions of modern times."
" A translation of magnitude and difficulty, executed with pei^
feet fidelity and admirable skill."— Sodphey.
With Cary's trans., nnd Flaxman's Designs, the reader
may consider himself in possession of a treasure.
'■'Mi-. Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has transLated
it into the universal language of X.ature."
As to the great poet himself, nothing need here he said : —
let timid young poets beware of him, for
" Shelley always says, that reading Dante is unfavourable to
writing, from its superiority to all possible compositions." — Byron,
" That wise poet of Florence, bight Dant ."—Chaucer.
Cary, Henry Ijucius, third Viscount Falkland, was
the only son of Lucius Cary, the great Lord Falkland, d.
1663, wrote The Marriage Night; a Play, Lon., 1664, 4to;
erroneously ascribed by Wood to his lordship's son.
'* Being brought early into the House of Commons, and a grave
senator objecting to his" youth, and to his not looking as if he had
sowed his wild oats, he replied with great quickness, 'Then I am
come to the properest place, where are so many geese to pick them
up.' " — Horace AValpole.
" lie was a man of great abilities, and well versed in every kind
of literature." — Doniiiaas's Peerage.
" His quick and extraordinary parts .and notable spirit perfoi-med
much, and promised more." — Lloyd's State Worilties.
*' His play contains a great deal of true wit and satire." — Bwff.
Dramat.
" He was cut off in the prime of his years, and was as much missed
when dead as beloved when living : being a person eminent for his
extraordinary parts and heroick spirit."— iciiigiwi'/ic's Dram. Poets.
Cary, J. VV. Acts of the Apostles, with Notes, Lon.,
1842, 18mo.
Cary, John. Eights of the Commons, Lon., 1718, Svo.
Cary, John, of BristoL Treatises on Political Eco-
nomy. Politics, and Trade, 1695-1745, Discourse on Trade
and other JIatlers relative to it Lon., 1745, Svo.
'' Hiiwev. r little it ilcservtft such an honour, this work was made
the f.-on.biti'Ui .if a Fo-n.-b pulilication entitled Kssai Sur L'Etat
Du Conunerce D'Angleterre. 2 vols, post Svo, Paris, 1755.
"1'he latter, however- contains much additional matter, and is
in .all respects a more v.aluable work than that of Cary."— McCoL-
LOCH : Ltt. Paid. Econoiiil/.
Cary, or Carey, John. New Itinerary through
England, Wales, ic, Lon.. 179S, Svo ; 10th edit, 1821, Svo.
'■°\ jiopular and highly useful work."— Lowndes.
Cary pub. several other topographical works, 17S6-1S01.
Cary, Lncius, second Viscount Falkland, b. about
1610. killed at the battle of Newbury. 1643, was a son of
Henry, tirst Viscount Falkl.ind. Ho was educated at
Trinity College. Dublin, and became distinguished for his
nncommon proficiency in classical and general literature.
His death at an early age in defence of his sovereign, was
greatly lamented. Speeches, 1640, '41. Draft of a Speech
of Episcopacy, 1644. Discourse upon the Infallibility of
the Church of Rome, 1645, 4to. Holland, a Romish priest,
answered this Discourse. A View of some Exceptions
made against the Discourse on the Infallibility of the
Church of Rome, Oxf, 1646, 4to. Discourse and Reply
printed together, 1651, 4to ; with T. White's Answer, Lon.,
1660, 4to. A Letter to Mr. F. M., anno 1636; at the end
of C. Gatakcr's Answer to Five Copious Question.?, Ac,
1673, 4to. His lordship also wrote some other pieces, po-
etical, Ac.
Wood savs that it was the current opinion of the Uni-
versity of Oxford, that Chillingworth and Falkland had
such extraordinary clear reason, that if the great Turk or
the Devil were to be converted, they were able to do it
Hor.ace Walpole, with his usual pertness, attempts to
disparage the ardent eulogies with which Falkland's me-
mory was honoured; but Horace was a much better judge
of a FaenzaVase ora Poussin landscape tlian of the value
of any historical testimony. Hear Lord Clarendon and
other good judges :
" He was a person of such prodigious parts of ]e.arning and
S6l
CAR
knowledge, of that inestimable sweetness and deliRht in conrcrsa-
tien. of so flowinR and ol.liging a liumanity and goodness to man-
kind, and of that primitive simplicity and intei;iitv of life, that
it there were no other brand upon this odious iind accursed civil
war than th.at single loss, it must be most infamous and execrable
to all posterity."— Zfistorj/ ./ tlie HebdUrm.
" Lord Falkland's usual saving was — * I pity unlearned gentle-
men on a rainy day.' " — Llotd,
" He was the envy of this age. and will be the wonder of the
next."— r/-t>;rf's Epist. Utdic. before the Discourse of IiifalliliiHl!/;
1051.
" He was the greatest ornament to our nation that the last age
produced."— Ore!.<i/'s Epist. Apologrtiml, l(i74.
" As for his parts, which speak him better than any elegy, they
were incomparable, and needed no supplies of industry.'' — Aihen
Oxon.
" A person of great wit. conspicuous for his natural perfections ;
in his printed writings there is an incomparable happy mixture of
that great, beautiful, charming thing called wit."— Genuine ife-
mains of Dr. Barlow, 1673.
We will conclude with SuckliDg'.s character of this nohle
writer :
•' He was of late so gone with divinity,
That he had almost forgot his poetry,
Though to say the truth (and Apollo did know it,)
He might have been both his priest and his poet."
Tlie Session of FOets ; in Fragmenta Aurca, or Poems, Lon., 1648,
8to.
Cary, M. Theological treatises, Lon., 1647-53, 4to.
Cary, Mordecai, d. 1752, Bishop of Clonfert, trans-
lated to Killala, 17:i5. Serm., J.ts. i. 27, Duhl., 1744, 4to.
Cary, Philip. Reply to R. Burthegge on Infant
B.iplism, Lon., lfiS4, 12mo.
Cary, liich.trd. Le n^cessaire use et fruit de les
Pleadings, conteine en le Livre de Edw. Coke, avesque un
collection de coinmemorable cases sparsim cite en les argu-
ments de mesme les reports. A\ queux est au-\i adde, un
pleine et perfect table de les choses conteinus en ycel, Lon.,
Ifilll.Svo. Thi.s would appearto be Henry Gary's book, (ajite.)
Cary, Robert, Earl of Monmouth. See Carey.
t'ary, Robert, 1615?-16SS, great-nephew of Sir
George Cary, Lord Deputy of Ireland temp. Elizabeth,
was a native of Devon. He was admitted of E.xetcr Col-
lege, O.xford. in 16.31 ; Doctor of Laws, 1644 ,■ Archdeacon
of Exeter, 1662. Paleeologia Chronica; a Chronological
Account of Ancient Time ; in three parts: 1. Didactical.
2. Apodeictical. 3. Canonical, Lon., 1677, fol. This is
an excellent work.
" He was in his young years pretty well skilled in poetry, as well
Latin .as English : though he published nothing in this kind, but
tho.se Hymns of our Church, that are appointed to be read after
the Lessons, together with the Creed, Ac." — Biog. Brit.
" He was accounted very learned in curious and critical learn-
ing."— Atlieu. Ojon.
Cary, Samuel, A. 1815, aged 30, a minister of Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, pub. Serms., Ac, 1806-15.
Cary, Thomas. Serms., 1691, 4to. A trans, of the
Sicur de la Serre's Mirrour which flatters not; with some
verses by the translator, 1639, Svo.
"Thisltooke. which expresseth to thee in a Mirrour a dying life,
and life-devouring Death, layes thee open to thvselfe. reader, in
such a happie shape of truth, and so cleare a light of a sublime
style, that thou canst not scape thyselfe. Gaze hereon often," An.
Cary, Thomas, d. 1S08, aged 63, a minister of New-
buryport, Ma.ssachusetts, pub. Serms., Ac, 1796-lSOl.
Cary, Mrs. Virginia, d. 1852. Mutius, a story of
the first century, pub. about 1S28. Letters on Female
Education, pub. about 1S30. Ruth Churchill. Mrs. Cary
contributed many tales, ess.ays, and poetical compositions
to the periodicals of the day.
Cary, Carie, or Carye, Walter. A Book of the
Property of llerbes, Lon., 8vo, sine unno. The Hammer
for the Stone, 1581, 16mo. Carie's Farewell to Physic,
15R3, 12mo; 1587, 16mo; 1611, Svo.
Cary, Walter, a writer on PoUlical Economy. The
Present State of England, with the Paradox, our Fathers
were very rich with little, and we poor with much, Lon.,
1627, 4to. England's Wants, or Several Proposals proba-
bly bencBcial to England: otfcred to the consideration of
all good Patriots of both Houses of Parliament, Lon.,
1685, Svo.
Caryl, John, supposed to have been a native of Sus-
sex, was secretary to Queen Mary, the consort of James
II., and followed his master after his abdication. He was
rewarded by knighthood, and the title of Earl Caryl and
Baron Dartford. The English Princess, or the Death of
Richard IIL ; a Tragedy, 1667, 4to. Sir Salomon, or the
Cautious Coxcomb ; a Comedy, 1671, 4to. The Psalms of
David, trans, from the Vulgate, 1700, 12mo. In Tonson's
edit, of Ovid's Epistles, that of Briseis to Achilles is as-
scribed to Caryl ; and he trans, the first Eclogue of Virgil,
pub. in Nichols's Select Collection of Miscellany Poems,
CAS
vol. i. He was a Roman Catholic, and one of the intimate
friends of Alexander Pope.
- 1 have been assured bv a most intimate friend of Mr. Pope's,
that the Peer in the Hape of the Lock was Lord Petre; the person
who desired Mr. Pope to write it, old .Mr. Caryl of Sussex; and
that what was said of yir George Brown in it was the very picture
of the man." — Speuc's Anecdotes of Ptqic, Ltm.. 1S20.
Caryl, Joseph, 1602-167.3, an eminent Nonconform-
ist divine, a commoner at Exeter College, Oxford; ap-
pointed one of the Triers for the approbation of ministers,
1653; ejected, 1662. He afterwards preached to a con-
gregation in the neighbourhood of London Bridge. Serms.,
Lon., 1643, '45, '46, '51, '67. Exposition, with Practical
Ob.servations, on the Booke of Job, 1644-66, 12 vols. 4to ;
166B, 2 vols. fol.
" It is a most elaborate, learned, judicious, and pious work, con-
taining a rich fund of critical and practical divinity." — Dr. K. "WiL-
LIABIS.
'■ This is the most ponderous of all the expositions which have
been published on this part of Scripture. ... It is impossible it
can be useful, as no man can endure the tatigue of toiling through
it. . . . While I do ju.stice to the piety and feelings of the writer,
I cannot approve of a mode of treating the word of God, which
partakes more of enOnnljing than of exhibiting it." — Obme.
" A complete text-book of divinity."
'• I have never had an opportunit'y of examining it ; but TValch
eulogizes it in very high terms. (Biblioth. Theol.. vol. iv. p. 4«7.)
It is now very little read, or even consulted ; few readers being
able to wade through two large folio volumes.'' — T. H. HoRNE.
"Spiritual, practical, and evangelical." — Bickkrstkth.
Mr. Berrie has pub. extracts from Caryl's Exposition of
Job, ISmo.
Carysfort, John Joshua Proby, Earl of. Letter
on Universal SuflVage, itc, 17Stl, Svo. Thoughts on the
Constitution, 1783, Svo. Revenge of Guendolin : 12
printed. Dr,amatic and Miscell. Works, Lon., 1810, 2 vols,
cr. Svo.
" Evidently the fruit of a cultivated mind and a correct ta.stc,
and they display no inconsiderable stores of poetical expiession."
— Lon. MonViln Review, ISll.
Case, Charles. Thirteen Serms., 1774, 12mo.
Case, H. Treatises on the Scurvy, Dropsy, Ac.,
1676, Svo.
Case, John, M.D., d. 1600, Fellow of St. John's Col-
lege, Oxford; Prebendary of North Aulton in the Church
of Salisbury, 1589. He died a Roman Catholic, an incli-
n.ation to which religion was supposed to be the cause of
his abandoning his Fellowship. Summa Veterum Inter-
pretum in univers.im Logicam Aristoteli.s, Oxon., 1585,
4to; Francf, 1616, Svo. Speculum Moralium Questionum
in universam Ethicam Aristotelis, Oxon., 1585, 4to •
Francf, 1616, Svo.
" The first book printed at the new press at Oxford." — Lowndes.
Reflexis Speculis Moralis, ic, Oxon., 1584, '96, Svo.
The Praise of Musicke, Oxf, 1686, 8vo ; anon. Wood is
uncertain as to the authorship of this work. Dr. Farmer
attriliutes it to Case, .and Thomas Watson compliments the
same person as the .author. See Brit, Bibliographer, ii.
543. Thesaurus dconomiae, Ac, Oxf, 1597, '98, Svo-
Hanov., 1598, Svo. Spa'ra Civilitatis sive de Political
Oxf., 15SS, 4to; Francf, 1616, Svo. Lapis Philosophicus,
Ac, Arist. Oxf, 1599, 4to. Other works.
" He was the most noted disputant and philosopher that ever
before set foot in that college. [St. John's, Oxford.] ... A man of
an innocent, meek, religious, and studious life, of a facete and af
fable conver.sation. a lover of scholars, beloved of them again, and
had in high veneration." — Athen. Oxon.
Case, John, M.D., a famous astrologer and quack,
temp. Anne, was a native of Lyme-Regis, in Dorsetshire.
" He was looked upon as the succes.sor of the famous Lilly,
whose magical utensils he possessed. These he would sometimes
expose in derision to his intimate friends; and particularly 'the
dark chamtjer and pictures, where Lilly used to impo.se upon
people, under the pretence of showing them persons who were at>
sent.' " — Biographia ; Gr.\xgkr.
" Dr. Case ei-ased the ver.ses of his predecessor out of the sign-
post, and substituted in their place two of his own, which were as
follows:
Within this place
Lives Doctor Case.
He is said to have got more by this distich than Sir. Drvden did
by all his works." — Tatter, No. '240.
Compendium Anatomicum nova arte institutum, Lon.,
1694, '95, 12mo. ; Amst,, 1696, 12mo. It has been ques-
tioned whether Case really wrote this work. It espouses
the opinion of Harvey and De Graaf as to the generation
of quadrupeds and other animals nh oro. The AVords of
the Key to Hclmont, Ac, Lon., 1682, 4to. Medical Ex-
positor, 1698, 12mo. The Angcliciil Guide, shewing Men
and Women their Lot and Chance in this elementary Life,
Lon., 1697, Svo.
" This is one of the most profound astrological pieces that the
world ever saw. The diagrams would probably have puzzled Eu-
clid, though he had studied astrology. I have seen the doctor's
CAS
head pasted into a portfolio, amidst these Btrange diagrams, with
the following motto:
' Thron'd in the centre of bis dark designs.'
Immediately after the unintelligible hieroglyphic inscribed ' Adam
in Paradise,' is this passage, which I have selected as a specimen
of the work :
" ' Thus Adam was created in that pleasant place Paradise, about
the year before Christ 4002. viz.. on April 24. at twelve o'clock, or
midnight. Now, this place Paradise is in Mesopotamia, where the
pole is elevated 34 deg. 30 min., and the sun riseth IVmr hours
sooner than under the elevation of the pole at London.' ' — Gran-
ger's Butg. Hist.
" The following authentic anecdote of Case was communicated
to me by the Hev. Mr. Gosling, in these terms;
'■ Dr. Maundy, formerly of Canterbury, told me, that, in his
travels abroad, some eminent physician, who had been in England,
gave him a token to spend at his return with Dr. Itadcliffe and Dr.
Case. They fixed on an evening, and were very merrv. when Dr.
Kadcliffe thus began a health : ' Here, brother Case, to all the fools,
your patients.' ' I thank you. good brother," replied Case ; ' let me
have all the fools, and you are heartily welcome to the rest of the
practice.'" — Granger's Jiing. History.
Case, Llicila J. B., a native of New Hampshire, is
a daughterof Air. Bartlctt, and was married in 18H8 to Mr.
E. Case. She is at present a re.sidcntof Cincinnati. Her
contributions, both in pro.»e and verse, to periodicals, " have
been generally admired." — Woman's Record.
Ca.se, R. J, Comment, on Proverbs of Solomon,
1822. 12mo.
Case, Thomas, 1509-1682. a Nonconformist divine,
student of Christ Church, Oxford, IGlti, was ejected from
the living of Erpingham, Norfolk: afterwards Rector of
St. Giles in the Fields, Ac. He pub. many sermons, 1611-
70, and was the originator and one of the writers of the
celebrated Morning E.-!ercise.s, at Cripplegate, St. Giles in
the Fields, and Southwark, Lon., 1677-90, 6 vols. Ito;
new edit., by Jame.? Nichols, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
"In fine, the six volumes will give you such a variety, both of
matters and of talents, that I could wish you not to be without
them." — Dr. Cotton .M.ather.
Case, Rev. Wheeler. Poems, &c., N. Haven, 1778.
Revolutionary Memorials j embracing Poems by Rev. W.
C, N. York, 18.i2.
Case, William. Scrms., Lon., 1616, 4to.
Case, William, .Ir. The Minstrel's Youth: with
other Poems, l.sul, 12mo. Pictures of British Female
Poesy. 1803, 12mo.
Casino. A Mock-Heroic Poem, Salisb., 4lo.
Casley, David. Report of Committee on Cottonian
Library, Ac, with an Appendix, by D. C, Lon., 1732, fol.
A Catalogue of the MSS. of the King's Library, an appen-
dix to the Cottonian Library; with 150 Specimens of the
manner of Writing in different .Ages from the 3d to the 1 5th
century. The " MSS. of the King's Library" were a part
of the munilicent donation of George II. to the British
Museum. It comprises the literary trca.sures collected by
the sovereigns of England from the time of Henry VII.
The magnificent library of George III., including 80,000
volumes, which cost his ni.qjesty £130,000, was also confer-
red upon the nation by George IV. The most important
donation to the British Mu.=eum, with the above exception,
was the libr.ary of the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, con-
taining 20.240 volumes, which cost upwards of £54.000. and
would bring more money at the present period. See Sims's
Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, Lon., 1854.
We should not omit to mention that Mr. Casley compiled
the Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. from 2405" to 5709.
Cason, Edmond. Letters rebating to the redemption
of the Captives in Algiers, Lon., 1647.
Cass, General I.ewis, LL.D., b. October 9, 1782, at
Exeter, New Hampshire, was called to the Bar in 1802:
elected a member of the Ohio legislature in 1806: served
in the war against England 1812-14; appointed Governor
of Michigan 1813; which post he held until 1831, when
he became Secretary of War, under Gener.al Jackson. In
1S36 he was appointed minister to France, and discharged
the duties of this important post until 1842, when he re-
quested to be recalled. In 1848 he was a candidate for the
Presidency of the United States, and received the elector.al
votes of half the States of the Union. In the hall of the
Senate at Washington General Cass long held a com-
manding influence. In 1857 he was appointed Secre-
tary of Stale of the United States. As a writer, he
is entitled to no ordinary commendation. Specimens of
his style and argumentative powers may be seen in his In-
quiries respecting the History, Traditions, Languages, <ic.
of the Indians living within the United States, Detroit,
1823, 8vo, and in the Historical .and Scientific Sketches of
Michigan, delivered by General C. and Messrs. Whiting,
Biddle, and Schoolcraft. See also the North American
Review, Nos. 1. and Iv. General Cass has given to the
world his impressions of the country in which he was for
23
CAS
six years a resident, in his work entitled France : its King,
Court, and Government. See Outlines of the Life and Cha-
racter of General Cass, by H. R. Schoolcraft, Albany, 1848,
8vo ; Sketches of the Life and Public Services of General
Cass, by Wm. T. Young, Detroit, 1852, 8vo ; Fifty Years
of Public Life : The Life and Times of Lewis Cass, by
W. L. G. Smith, N. York. 1856, 8vo.
Cassan, Stephen Hyde, 1789-1841, presented to
the living of Bruton, with Wyke. Champfiower. 1831.
Lives and Memoirs of the Bishops of Sherborne and Salis-
bury. 705-1824, Salisb., 1824, 8vo. Lives of the Bishops
of Winchester, from Birinus to the present time. Lon.,
1827, 2 vols. 8vo. Lives of the Bishops of Baths and Wells,
from the earliest to the present time, 1829. Svo. Conside-
rations respecting the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon.,
1828, 8vo.
Cassel, James, M.D. Med. Advice to Masters of
Ships, 1814, 18mo.
Cassin, John, born 1813, in Del.aware county. Penn.
Distinguishetl Ornithologist. Illustrations of the Birds of
California and Texas, 8vo, 1855, Phil. Zoology of the U.
S. Exploring Expedition, vol. viii., (Quadrupeds and Birds,)
4to, 1855. Zoology of Gilliss's U. S. Astronomical Expe-
dition to Chili, 1855, 4to. American Ornithology : A Ijene-
ral Synopsis of N. American Ornithology: containing De-
scriptions and Figures of all N. American Birds not given
by former American Authors, after the manner and de-
signed as a continuation of the Works of Audubon ; 50
coloured plates, Phila., 1856, 8vo. Ornithology of Icono-
graphic Encyclopedia, N.Y., 1851. For many years Mr.
Cassin has been an active member of the Academy of Na-
tural Sciences, Philadelphia, and has contrib. many articles
to its Journal since 1844.
Castamore. Conjugium Languens. Lon., 1700, 4to:
on the Jliscbiefs arising from Conjugal Infidelity.
Castell, Edmund, 1606-1685, a native of Hatley,
in Cambridgeshire, was entered of Emanuel College,
Cambridge, 1621 : he afterwards removed to St. John's
College for convenience of access to the library, in the
prep.aration of his great work, the Lexicon Heptaglotton,
Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum, Samaritanuni. Ethio-
picum, Arabicum, conjunctim ; et Persicum separatim, &e.,
Londini, 1669, 2 vols. fol. Some copies are dated 1086.
This was intended as a companion to Bishop Walton's
Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, Londini, 1657, 6 vols. fol. Castell
assisted upon this work, also, and laid out more than £1000
upon it. His own Lexicon occupied him for eighteen years,
and cost him more than £12,000, and when completed, it lay
upon his hands as dead stock, with the exception of a few
copies sold. He received some preferments, but nothing
to compensate him for his time and expense. In 1666 he
was made King's Chaplain, and Arabic Professor at Cam-
bridge : in 1688. Prebendary of Canterbury. The vicarage
of Hatfield, Essex, and subsequently the rectory of Wode-
ham Walter, were bestowed upon him. His last preferment
was the rectory of Higham Gobion, Bedfordshire. He
pub. some learned pieces. 1660, '67, 4to. About 600 copies,
it is supposed, of his Lexicon were unsold at the time of
his death. A melancholy fate was theii-s ! Hear the sad
tale:
" These were placed by Mrs. Crisp. Dr. Castell's niece and execu-
trix, in a room of one of her tenants houses, at Martin, in Surrey,
where, for many years, they lay at the mercy of the rats; who de-
stroyed them in such a manner, that, on the lady's death, her ex-
ecutors could scarcely form one complete copy out of them. The
whole load of learned rags sold for £7." — Bif>g. Brit.
It was a happy thing that the good old man never saw
that sight !
To Dr. Lightfoot's assistance he was greatly indebted.
Whilst preparing this work, Castell maintained in his own
house and at his own expense seven Englishmen and seven
foreigners as writers; all of whom died before the work
was completed. His reference to his desolate situation and
ill-requited labours at the end of the third page of the Pre-
face, is truly afi'ecting:
'• Socios quidem babui hoc opere. sed peresiguo tempore mecum
in illo commorantes, nescio an dicam. immensitate laboris plane
exteritos. Per pleures annos. jam jetate provectus. et una cum -
patrimonio satis competenti. exhaustis etiam animi viribus, oculis
caligantibus. corporis variis in hoc opere confractis. et dislocatis
membris, relictus sum solus, sine amanuensi, aut vel correctore
ullo."
So industrious an author was Castell, that he informs us,
" I considered that day as idle and dis.satisfactory in which I did
not toil sixteen or eighteen hours either at the Polyglot or Lexicon."
Mr. Disraeli, referring to Castell's sad experience, de-
clares that " all the publishers of Polyglots have been
ruined."
'• 8uch were the melancholy circumstances under which the Lexi-
con of Castell was composed; a work which has long challenged
3i3
CAS
thP admiration, and defied the eompetition, of foreigners; and
whiih, nith the great Polyjrlot of Walton, its inseparaUe and in-
valuable eompanion, has raised an eternal monument of literary
fame." — JH'jiiiti's Greek and Lalin Cliysics.
" It is probably the greatest and most perfect work of the k:nd
ever performed by human industry and learning." — Dr. Clark e.
Seo Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics ; Home's Intro-
duc. to the Scriptures ; Orme's Bibl. Bib. ; Biog. Brit.
Castell, Robert. Villas of the Ancients, 1728, fol.
Castell, William. A Petition e.\hihitcd to the High
Court of Parliament, for the Propagating the Gospel in
America and the West Indies, and for settling our Colonies
there, 16il, 4to. A Short Discoverie of the Coasts of the
Continent of America, from the Equinoctiall Northward,
and of the Adjacent Isles, Lon., 1644, 4to. See Osburne's
Voyages, ii. 733, 1745.
Castildine. Annual Tables of the Taxes, 1803, '04, Ac.
Castle, George. The Chymical Galenist, Lon., 8vo ;
containing Reflections upon March Nudhomo's Medcla
Medicine.
Castle,WiHiam. Treatise againsttheJesuits,1642,4to.
Castlehaveii, James Touchet, Earl of. Baron
Audley. Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the
Wars of Ireland, lli42-51; 1680, 12mo ; suppressed, and
very rare ; 2d edit., enlarged, 1684.
" I lay these my Memoirs at vour Majestie's feet, and I pass them
on my word not to contain a lie. or a mistake, to my knowledge."
—Dedication to Jatnts II., ofterii:ards cancelltd.
See a specimen, and a notice, of tracts elicited by this
volume iu Park's Walpole's K. and N. Authors ; also see
Athen. O.\on.
"James, Duke of Ormond, finding himself and his government
of Ireland therein reflected uptin with great disadvantage, as he
thought, he wrote and published a letter to the Earl of Anglesey,
dated at Dublin. Nov. 12, HSl, to yindicate himself. Anglesey
thereupon m.ade a reply in another. Ac." — Athen. Oi^m.
'■ If this lord, [Castlehaven,] who led a very martial life, had not
taken pains to record his own actions, (which however he has done
with great frankness and ingenuity,! we should know little of his
story, our historians scarce mentioning him."— Horace Walpole.
Castlemain, Roger Palmer, Earl of, husband
of the infamous Duchess of Cleveland, was ambassador
from .James II. to the Pope, of which Embassy an account
was pub. by Michael Wright in Italian, Rom., 1687: in
English, with addits., Lou., 16S8, fol. "A splendid book."
His'lordship pub. several works. An Account of the pre-
sent War between the Venidans and the Turks, Lon.,
1666, sm. 12mo.
" In the dedication he discovers that the Turk is the (Jroat Le-
viathan, and that renegades lose their talents for sea affairs."—
Horace Walpole.
A Short and True Account of the material Passages in
the late War between the English and Dutch in the Savoy,
1671, 8vo. Manifesto, 1681, sm. 8vo. This is a defence
of himself from TuberviUe's charge that he was concerned
in the popish plot. An Apology in behalf of the Papists,
8vo ; reprinted and answered by Dr. Lloyil, Bishop of St.
Asaph, Lon., 1667, 4to ; this led to a controversy, which
produced several tracts. See Biog. Brit, and Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors. The Compendium ; or a short
View of the Trials in relation to the present [Popish] plot,
Lon., 1679, 4to.
"This piece is ascribed to him. but I cannot affirm it to be of his
writing. I believe he wrote other things, but I have not met with
them." — Horace Walpole.
Castleman, John. Serm., 1744, 4to.
Castleman, Richard. His Voyage, Shipwreck,
and Miraculous Escape, with a description of Pennsylva-
nia, and the City of Philadelphia. This will be found ap-
pended to the account of the Voyages and Adventures of
Captain Robert Boyle, Lon., 1726, 8vo, pp. 374.
" Boyle's narrative is probably a fictitious one ; but that of
Castleman bears marks of authenticity. The tatter's visit to
Philadelphia took place in 1710. Boyle's Voy-ages have been often
reprtuted; but Castleman's relation is only to be found in the
early editions."— /I'icA's Bihtiothe'-a Amtriritnn Nnrii.
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Lord Viscount,
1769-1S22, a distinguished statesman. Speeches : viz..
On the Union, Lon., 1800, Svo ; Bullion Committee, 1811,
8vo; R. Catholic Petitions, 1810, Svo; Earl Stanhope's
Bill, 1811, Svo. Memoirs and Correspondence, edited by
bis brother, the Marquis of Londonderry, Lon., 1848-51,
8 vols. Svo.
" This valuable publication gives us a new insight into history.
Wo are always thankful to get State Papers at length."— ion.
AthenfEum.
"The most v.aluable contribution to modern history that we
know of Without these n-ronis il is impnssililo for any man to
say that up to this moment he lias had the opportunity of know-
ing the real history of the Irish Kebelliou and Union." — Lon.
Moi-ning Heridd.
" .\ work of the highest and most universal interest." — Lon.
Morning Chronicle.
354
CAT
" The work is equally valuable to the historian and the poli-
ticiall."— ,/o/in Bnll. ,
- ',' I cannot adcfjuatcly express the gratification and interest
these papers have atforded me. I consider tbem as invaluable
materials for history."— Sir Arcbidald Alison,
Castlereagh, Lord- Viscount, Marquis of
Londonderry, nephew of the preceding. Narrative of
his Journey to Damascus from Egypt, Nubia, Arabia
Petra;a, Palestine, and Syria, with illustrations, Lon.,
1847, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" These volumes are replete with new impressions, and are espe-
cially characterized by great power of lively and graphic descrip-
tion."—io?i. JVcTO Monthly Mag.
" Lord Castlereagb's Journey includes his lordship s voyage up
the Nile to the second cataract — his account of the Pyramids,
Luxor, I'hila?, Thebes, and all the wonderful monnments of the
ancient world accessible to the traveller— his visits to Mount Sinai
and other places famous in Biblical history— his descriptions of
Bethlehem, Jerusalem, and the sacred localities of Christianity-
his characteristic sketches of the modern Egyptians. Arabs. Ai^
meiiians, Jews, Druses, and Turks, and his personal recollections
of Mehemet All and the nobles of his Court, the great Sheiks of
the Desert, and the Princesses of the Lebanon. To future tourists
in the East the work will be extremely valuable."— ion. Globe.
Castles, John. Sugar Ants, Phil. Trans., 1790.
Castres, Abr. Suppressing Beggary, Lon., 1726, 4to.
Castro, Chris. Merchant's Assistant, Lon., 1742, Svo.
Casus, John. Seo Case.
CasH'all, E. Serms.. Lon., 1S46, Svo.
Caswall, George. The Trifler ; a Satire. 1767, 4to.
Caswall, Henry. America and the American Church,
Lon., p. Svo, 1849. The Prophet of the 19th Century,
or the Rise. Ac. of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints,
1.843, p. Svo. City of the Mormons, 12mo, 1842. Mr.
Caswall gives an interesting account of the vilest system
of consummate hypocrisy, stupid credulity, and disgusting
licentiousness, which the present day h.as witnessed. It
is to be hoped that the leaders of this wicked delusion—
who openly set the laws of God and man at deiiance — will
speedily be arrested by that Justice Avhich has too long
slumbered. To call such a system as Mormonism a " re-
ligion," is something worse than ridiculous.
Caswell, John. Mathemat. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1695-170J.
Catcott, A. S. Theological treatises.
Catcott, Alexander. Eighteen Sermons, Lon.,
1752, Svo; 1767, 8vo. Separate Serms., 1736, Ac. A
Treatise on the Deluge, Lon., 1762, Svo; 1767, Svo.
" This work is framed on the principles of Ilutchioson, and con-
tains what the author considers a full explanation of the Scripture
history of the flood. . . . Parkhurst speaks very respectfully of it
in bis Hebrew Lexicon. Mr. Catcott was the author of several
single seriiions : all of tbem strongly marked with the peculiarities
of his philii,snpliicu-lliri>l..;iical systom. He also wrote a Latin
work Ou till' True and Sacred Philosophy, as lately explained by
John Hutchinson, Esii. This has been lately translated, and pub-
lished, with notes, &c., by A. Maxwell, Lou., 1821. Svo."— Orme.
" Catcott was the most celebrated, next to Spearman, of the
Ilutchinsoniau philosophical school."
"One of the best of the school of Hutchinson, though he par-
took somewh.at of the spirit, and entered into the visions, of his
preceptor." — £>//». liei^iew.
Catcott, George J., or S. Pen Park Hole, Brist.,
1792, Svo; account of a descent into this cavern.
Catelinc, Jeremy. Rules, Ac. of the Ordinence of
Parliament, 164S, Svo.
Cater, Samuel. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 16S3, Svo.
Cntcsby, Lady Juliet. Letters to Lady Camply,
17WI. 12nio.
Catesby, Mark, 16S0?-1749, an eminent naturalist,
resided in Virginia from 1712 to 1719, and on his return
to England was persuaded by Sir Hans Sloane and other
naturalists to revisit America for the purpose of delineat-
ing the botanical and zoological curiosities which he might
discover. He arrived at Carolina in 1722, and spent about
three years on the Continent, and some time in the Baha-
ma Islands; returning to England in 1726. He pub. in
numbers, from 1731 to 1748, The Natural History of Caro-
lina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, 2 vols. fol. The
figures were etched by himself: new edit., revised by
(ieorgc Eilwards, 1754, 2 vols, fob; another edit., with a
Linniean Index and Appendix, 1771, 2 vols. fol.
" In this splendid |>crtoiiiiaiice, the curious are gratified with the
figures of many of tbc most beautiful trees, shrubs, and hcrliiccoug
plants that adioii Ibi' gai dens of the present time." See Pulteacj's
Sketches of Bolany ; liich's Americana Bibliotheca Nova.
Ilortus Europoj Americanns, Lon., 1767, fol. (posth.)
On Birds of Passage. Vide Phil. Trans., 1747. His
name htis been perpetuated by Gronovius in the plant de-
nominated Cdlesbtrin. Weston ascribes to him The Prac-
tical Farmer, or Herefordshire Husbandman, 12ino. A
Plan of an Experimental Farm, Svo. Uniting and Monopo-
lizing Farms proved disadvantageous to the Landowners.
CAT
CAT
Cathcart, Hon. George, Major-General, K.C.B.,
Governor and Ci'iumarnler-in-Cbicf at tlio Otipo of (iuod
Hope, b. 1794, third son of the late Earl Cathcart. has
served in the army in various parts uf the wiirld, and was
aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington at the battle of
Waterloo. He sailed from England, February 1, 1832,
shortly after his appointment, to assume his duties at the
Cape of Good Hope. He has lately pub. Commentaries
on the War in Russia and Germany, 1812-13.
" This humble, but authentic, contribution to the general stock
of materials from which historical knowledj^e is to be derived, is
otTered as the tt?stimony of an eye-witness of much he has recorded,
and one who had peculiar opportunities of correct information re-
specting the rest." — Author's Pre/ace.
"We owe Colonel Cathcart's solid and unpretending volume a
notice. . . . Sound, concise, and pregnant. It seems to us to be
equally valuable for its facts and its commentaries." — Z^n. Quart.
Jievieio.
'• As a treatise on the Science of War, these Commentaries ought
to find their way into the hands of every soldier. In them is to
be found an accurate record of events of which no military man
should be ignorant." — Lo». Morning Chronicle.
We have to add to the above that, in Dec, 1853, Major-
Gen. Cathcart was appointed Adjutant-General to the
Forces, vice Lieut-Gen. Sir George Brown, K.C.B., re-
signed. Major-Gen. 0. was one of the first victims to the de-
solating spirit of war which raged in the Crimea 1853-55.
Cathcart, John. Letter to Admiral Vernon, Lon.,
1744, 8vo.
Catherall, Samuel. Serm. and other publications,
1692-1721.
Catherine Parr, d. 1548, sixth and last consort of
Henry VIII., wrote Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation
of a Sinner bewailing the ignorance of her blind Life;
found among her papers after her death, and pub. with a
preface by Secretary Cecil, (afterwards Lord Burleigh,)
Lon.. 1548, and 1563, 8vo.
" This was a contrite meditation on the years she had passed in
popery, in fasts and pilgiima^es." See \Valpole"s R. k N. Authors.
In her lifetime she pub. Prayers or Meditations, wherein
the mynd is stirred patiently to suffre all afflictions here,
to set at nought the vaine prosperitie of this world, and
always to long for the everlastynge felicitee. Collected
out of (eertayne) holy woorkes by tlie most virtuous and
gracious princessc Katherine, queene of p]nglandc, France,
and Irelande. Printed by John Wayland, 1545, 12mo,
and 1546, '47, '48, and '63 : these early edits, have been
sold for 3 to 7 guineas, according to condition. It was re-
pub, by the Keligious Tract Society. Lon., 1S31, c. 64mo,
and it will be found in The Writiugs of the British Re-
formers, {Lon., 12 vols. 12mo,) vol. xi.
Catherwooil, John, M.D. Apoplesia, Lon., 1715,
'35, Svo.
Cathrall, Isaac, M.D., d. 1819, aged 55, a physician
of Philadelphia, studied in that city, and in London, Edin-
burgh, and Paris. During the prevalence of the yellow
fever in Philadelphia, he attended the sick, and even dis-
sected those who died of the disease. He died of the
apoplexy. Remarks on the Yellow Fever, 1794. An edit,
of Buchan's Domestic Medicine, with Notes, 1797. Con.
to Annals of Med., Lon., 1798; to Med. Facts, 1800; to
Trans. Amer. Philos. Society, {on the Black Vomit,) 18O0.
In conjunction with Dr. Carrie, a pamphlet on the Yellow
Fever, 1802.
" lie was a judicious physician, a skilful anatomist and sur-
fjeon ; a man of rigid morality and Inflexible integrity ; and truly
estimable in the relations of a son, husband, and Cither." See
Thacber^s Med. Iliography.
CatJew, Samuel. Theological and Educational
works. 17S8-lS0Si.
Catley, Ann. Memoirs of, by Miss Ambross, 1790,
Svo; another, entitled Life and Memoirs of A. C. sw(ea/i?(o.
Catlin, Georgrc, is well known for his eight years'
adventures among the North American Indians in his per-
severing investigations into the manners and customs of
a people who will soon be only known by the records of
Mr. Catlin. and gentlemen who have laboured in the same
field. Mr. C. took a number of Indians, and many of
their national curiosities, with him to Europe, ami at-
tracted much attention by his interesting exhibitions.
'■The public has fully confirmed the opinion we formerly pro-
nounced on Catlin's Indian Gallery, as the most interesting exhi-
bition which, iu our recollection, had been opened in London." —
Lon. AlhejKTum.
Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition
of the North American Indians, written during Eight
Years of Travel and Adventure among the Wildest and
most Reraarkal>Io Tribes now existing. With above 300
steel-plate illustrations, taken from the numerous Paint-
ings in his Indian Museum, now exhibiting in Egyptian
Hall, Piccadilly, London, 1841, 2 vols. r. Svo; 5th edit.
1846, £2 2h.
" Mr. Catlin is the historian of the Red Races of mankind; of a
past world, or at least of a world fast passing away, leaving hardly ~
a trace or wreck behind. Eight years has he devoted to this me-
morable task, and with his pen and pen<'il has brought the ex-
istence of these wild and uncivilized beings so vividly beffre our
eyes, that we seem to have accompanied him in his wanderings,
seen them, mixed with them, and impressed the recollection of
their forms and features, their costumes, strange customs, feasts,
ceremnnies, religious rites, wars, dances, sports, and other modes
of lifi'. distinctly upnii our minds. And i1 is impossible not to be
led away by liis di'Vuft-d fiilbiisi.ism, ;ind li-'I, like himself, a deep
couci-rn Ii>r Ib-'sr n'ii];iiiiiiig rliibhrii nt tbi- jiraiiir and the forest,
the last IVagnient ^tfd} iiig nations, and, uilh all the errors of their
condition, a splendid variety of the genus Man." — Lon. Literary
Gazette.
'* A unique work; a book of extraordinary interest and valun;
we need not recommend it to the world, for it is beyond all praise."
— Lnn. Atlwnfvum.
" One of the most valuable books that has appeared in the pre-
sent centurv. We predict the greatest success for this work.'" —
Lon. rta)i>t'
*' A laithful and well-authenticated declaration, not only of a
most interesting portion of the globe, as it at present exists, in a
state of nature, but of a race of innocent, unoffending men so..
rapidly perishing, that too truly it may be said of them,
' Apparent rari nantes iu gurgite vasto.' "
Lrm. Qiiarterlij Rtviexv.
The North American Portfolio of Hunting Scenes, and
Amusements of the Rocky Mountains and Prairies of
America; from Drawings and Notes of the Author, made
during Eight Years' Travel amongst Forty-Eight of the
Wildest and most Remote Tribes of Savages in North,
America, large fol. ; 25 plat«s and 25 pp. of letter-press,
£5 5s. ; coloured and mounted, Lon., 1844.
Notes of Eight Years' Travel and Residence in Europe
with his North American Collection, Lun., 1848, 2 vols. Svo.
'•This amusing work contains anecdotes and incidents of the
Travels and Adventures of three different parties of American
Indians whom the author introduced to the Courts of England,
France, and ISelgium."'
Catlin, J. J., D.D., of Massachusetts, d. 1826, aged
68. Compendium of the System of Divine Truth, 2d edit.,
1825, 12mo.
Catlow, Agnes. Popular Field Botany, Lon., 1 6mo ;
3d edit, 1852.
"The plants are classed in months, the illustrations are nicely
coloured, and the book is altogether an elegant as well as useful
present." — lUuslrated London News.
" We recommend Miss Catlow's Popular Botany to fevourable
notice." — Lon. Gurdevfirs' Chronictc.
Popular British Entomology, r. 16mo; 2d edit., 1852.
"■Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the common
species, for the use of young beginners." — Annual Address of the
President of the Lon. Entomological .Societi/.
" A treasure to any one just commencing the study of this fasci-
nating science." — Westminst>T and Foreign Quarterly licview.
Popular Scripture Zoology, 1852, Svo.
'^ A short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the
Bible." — Lon. Guardian.
Popular Conchology, 1842, fp. Svo.
"An admirable little work." — St.Jamfs^s Cfironide,
*' A pleasant, useful, and well-illustiated volume."' — Prof. JamC'
soil's Phih)Soph. Journal.
Drops of Water, 12mo, 1851.
'' The plates are scarcely inferior to those of the well-known
Ehrenberg." — Liverpool Standard.
The Conchologist's Nomenclature, by A. C, assisted by
Lovell Reeve, Svo, 1845. Brit. Verteb. Animals, 1845, Svo.
" Miss Catlow's abilities as a naturalist, and her tact in popular-
izing any subject she undertakes, are too well known to need itera-
tion on this occasion." — L(jn. Notes and Queries.
Catlyn, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1742, '50: 1.
Transit of Mercury over the Disk of the Sun. 2. Oba, of
a Lunar Eclipse.
Caton,T.Wotte,M.D. Med. treatises. 1807, '08,'ll, '12.
Caton, William. Moderatns Inquisitor resolutus,
Lon., IGfiO, Svo. .Journal of his Life, 1689, 4to.
Cattell, Joseph. Sermons, 1711, '13, Svo.
C'attell, Thomas. Assize sermons, 1734, 4to.
CalternioIe,Kichard, Vicar of Little Marlow, Bucks.
Sermons preached in the District Church of St. Matthew's,
Brixt(m, 1832, Svo.
"They set forth the doctrines of the rjospel simply and truly,
and they give exactly that quiet instruction on ordinary points of
divinity which we conceive to be necessary for the Ivind of congre-
gation which is always found in or near Lon. Ion, or great towns."
— British Magasive.
The Book of the Cartoons, Svo.
"An elegantly-written volume." — Lon. Sprcfat.vr.
The Literature of the Church of England, 2 vols. Svo.
A work of great value. The Sacred Classics, 30 vols. 12mo.
"Many standard and useful treatises." — Bickf.rsteth.
Illustrated Hist, of the Great Civil War of the Times of
Charles I. and Cromwell : with 29 engravings from draw-
ings by George Cattermole, Lon., lh-16, '52, 2 vols. Svo.
355
CAT
CAV
"Mr. Cattermole knows well how to cive force to those stirring |
movements which were the turnin<r points in the preat contest; |
his narrative is never prolix, or wanting in matter, and his style i
is carefully preserved from inflation." — Lou. M'lrmng Chronicle.
Jlr. George Cattermole's abilities as an artist are well
known. His Portfolio of 12 beautiful drawings was issued
in 184S; £6 6s.
Cattley, Stephen, Speech on Bullion. ISll, 8vo.
Catton, Charles, Jr. Animals from NaturcJTSS, fol.
Catty, Lewis. Elements of Freaeh Grammar.
Caudi'y, Thomas. The Accidence, 1006, 4to,
CaiilfieUl, D. D., R. C. Bishop of Wexford. Reply
to Sir R. Musgrave, ISOl, 8vo.
Caulfield, J. The ^lemoirs of Paphos, or Triumph
of Love: a Poem, Lnn., 1777, 4to.
Caulfield, James. Portraits, Memoirs, and Charac-
ters of ReraarkaV.lc Persons temp. Edw. III. to the Revo-
lution, LoD., 1794, '9;'», 2 vols. 4to ; 1S13, 3 vols. r. 8vo ;
illustrating Granger; from the Revolution 1688 to end of
the reign of Geo. III., 1819, '20, 4 vols. 4to ; temp. Jas. I.
and Chas. I., 1814, 2 vols. fol. Hist, of the Gunpowder
Plot. 1796, 8vo ; 1804, Svo. Chalcographimania ; the Print-
geller's Chronicle and Collector's Guide to the Knowledge
and Value of engraved British Portraits, Lon., 1814, Svo.
" Notwithstanding the playful vein of ironical sjitire that cha-
racterizes the ensiling pages. I think it expedient to acc^uaint my
readers that the information is not the mere result of a few months'
inijuiry, but owes its foundatinu to many years' research into, and
connexion with, the Mysteries of Chalcograpkian and other Ma-
nias.'''— Preface.
Caulkius, Francis M,, born in Conn. Tract Primer.
Bible Primer, pah. by the Am. Tract Soc. Hist of Norwich,
Conn., 8ro, pp. .358, 1845. Hist, of New London, Conn.,
Bvo, pp. 680, 1852.
Caundishe, Richard. The Image of Nature and
Grace ; containing the whole course and condition of Man's
Estate, Lon.. 1574, 8vo.
Caunter, G. H. Hand Book of Chemistry. 1840, 12mo.
Caunter, Hobart, of St. James's Chapel, Lambeth.
24 Sermons, 1832, 8vo.
"The style, if not quite pure, is fluent and easy; the doctrine
sound, and the applications often forcible and striking." — Britisfi
Mofjazine.
Bible with Explanatory Notes, Lon., 1836, Svo; pub. in
Nos. Romance of India. 3 vols. p. Svo. Eastern Legends,
p. Svo. The Oriental Annual was for five years indebted
for its attractions to the pen of Hobart Caunter, and the
pencil of William Daniel.
- Mr. Caunter's literary productions are too well appreciated to
require comment"
Caunter, John Hobart, of Kensington. London.
1794-1852. The Island Bride ; a Poem. Lon., p. Svo. 1830.
Serms. 1832, 3 vols. 8vo. The Poetry of the Pentateuch,
1839, 2 vols. Svo. Serms. on the Lord's Supper and the
Eight Beatitudes. 1S49, Svo. Other works.
Caurvana, Philippo. Oration to Q. Mary, Lon.,
1601, 4to.
Canty, W. Natura, Philosophica, et Ars, in concordia,
Lon.. 1772, Svo.
Cauvin, Joseph, assistant editor of Brande's Dic-
tionary of Science, Literature, and Art, Lon., 1842, Svo.
(See Brande. W. T.) New edit, of Lempricre's Classical
Dictionary, abridged from Anthon and Barker's; with
Corrections, Improvements, and Additions, so numerous as
to render it almost a new work, Lon., 1845, p. Svo.
"Throughout the whole work, the Kditor. keeping in view the
class of persons for whom it is especially intended, has studiously
aimed atdelicnci/ of language avd stntiment."
Cave, Edward, 1691-1754, the projector of The
Gentleman's Magazine, and foster-father of manj' poor
authors, can claim a place amongst the class whom he so
nobly befriended. He wrote an Account of Criminals, and
was employed by the Company of Stiitioners to correct the
Gradus ad Parnassum. As the founder of that invahialile
periodical — to which this volume is deeply indebted — The
Gentleman's Magazine — he is entitled to lasting honour.
The first number was issued in January, 1731, and Johnson,
writing in 1754, (see his Life of Cave, in Gent. Mag. for
February,) remarks,
" It has now subsisted three and twenty years, and still con-
tinues equally to enjoy the fiivour of the world."'
We, writing one hundred years later, {i. e. in 1854,) can
repeat the latter clause of the paragraph. The whole series
to the present time, about 220 volumes, (now at our side,)
should be in the library of ev^ry student of English lite-
rature or political history. We are glad to see that the
present proprietors announce their intention of continuing
this work till "Time shall be no longer." If the "Last
Man" should inherit part, and take the rest, of the series,
Ue will (to use the bookseller's phrase) "need no other Li-
brary!" It is probably known to the reader, that in tha
commencement of Dr. Johnson's literary career, he drew
his chief means of support from his contributions to the
Gentleman's Magazine.
" The Uentlemans Magazine, bet;un and carried on by Mr. Ed-
ward Cave, under the name of Sylvanus Urban, had attracted the
notioe and esteem of Johnson, in an eminent decree, before he
came to London as an adventurer in literature. lie told me that
when he first saw St. John's Gate, the place where that deservedly
popular miscellany was originally printed, he 'beheld it with
reverence.' "
Cave treated the needy young author with great kind-
ness. He little thought that the highest honour wliich
would attach to his name would be the fact of this then
obscure contributor's becoming his biographer. See John-
son's Life of Cave, and Boswell's Johnson.
The publisher devoted himself to the prosperity of his
magazine with a zeal seldom equalled :
"Cave never looked out of bis window but with a view to the
Gentleman's Magazine. ... lie used to sell ten thousand; yet
such was then his minute attention and anxiety that the sale
should not suffer the smallest decrease, that he would name a par-
ticular person who he heard had talked of leaving off the Maga-
zine, and would say 'Let us have something good nest month.'"
^Dr. Johnson.
It is interesting in this connexion to remark, that after
the death of Edward Cave, in 1754, The Gentleman's Ma-
gazine was continued by David Henry, Edward Cave's
brother-in-law. and R. Cave. David Ilenry was connected \
with this periodical until his death, in 1792, having " for
more than half a century taken an active part in the
management of the Gentleman's Magazine.'' In 1778
John Nichols — a name which we never mention or write
without emotitms of respect and affection — obtained a
share in the Magazine, and rendered it more valuable than
at any period of its former history. Edmund Burke en-
titled it *■ one of the most chaste and instructive miscella-
nies of the age :*' — Dr. Warton wrote to Nichols — " under
your guidance it is become one of the most useful and en-
tertaining miscellanies I know ;" — and Edward Gibbon
urged him to make a selection for future reference from
its overflowing pages. On the death of Mr. Nichols, in
1826, the magazine descended to his son — Ihe surviving
partner — and the last number, i. e. for October, 1854, bears
the imprimatur of John Bowyer Nichols and Sons — di-
rectly under the venerable Gate of St. John's. It has
been in one family about fourscore years; and may the
Nicholses "live a thousand years," and issue the Gentle-
man's Magazine " punctually on the first of every month !"
AVe need not apologize for tins scrap of literary genea-
logy. They who are wise, and yet lack the Gentleman's
Magazine, will forthwith procure the whole series ah initio,
if they can — and if not, they will procure what they can
of the back volumes, and commence their subscriptions
with the next number. See Nichols, John.
Cave, Henry. AntiquitiesofYork, Lon., ISIS, imp. foL
Cave, Jane. Poems on various subjects.Brist.,1725,Svo.
Cave, John. Sermous, 1679, '81, 'S2, '85.
Cave, Lisle. Against the Feare of Death, Lon.,
1587, lOmo.
Cave, William, D.D., 1637-1713, a divine of great
learning, was a native of Pickwell, Leicestershire; ad-
mitted into St. John's College. 1653; B.A., 1656; M.A.,
1600; D.D., 1672: Vicar of Islington. 1662; Rector of
Allhallows the Great, London, 1679; Canon of "Windsor,
1684; Vicar of Isleworth, 1690. Primitive Christianity,
or the Religion of the Ancient Christians, in 3 parts, Lon.,
1672, '73, '75. '82, 1702, '14. Svo: 1677. 2 vols. fol. Ta-
buhe Ecclesiastics, Lon., 1674. Svo; Hamb., 1676. The
Hamburg edit, w.ns pub. without his knowledge. Anti-
quitates Apostolical; or the History of Christ, the Apos-
tles, and St. Mark and St. Luke; being a continuation of
Jeremy Taylor's Life of Christ, Lon., 1675, '76, '77, fob;
new edit., carefully revised by Henry Cary, Oxf., 1840, Svo.
''Dr. Cave's work requires to Ije consulted by all men of ecclesi-
astical views."
Serious Exhortation relative to Dissent. Lon., 1685, '96,
fob Apostolici : or the Lives, Acts, Deaths, and Martyr-
doms of those who were contemporary with, or immedi-
ately succeeded, the Apostles,* also of the most eminent
of the Primitive Fathers for the first Three Hundred
Years. To which is added A Chronology of the first three
Ages of the Church, 1677. '82. 1716. kc, fol.
" If you will read ('ave'.s Lives of the Fathers, you may be
tempted, by his faithful account of their lives and their works, to
search farther into those valuable remains of antiquity." —
Knowi.es.
In 1732 (Lon., 4to) was pub. The Lives of the Fathers
of the Primitive Church, chiefly collected from the writ-
ings of Dr. Cave. Sermon, 1680, 4to. Ecclesiastica; or
CAT
CAV
the History of the Lives, Acts, Deaths, and Writings of
the must eminent Fathers of the Church that flourished in
the 4th century ; wherein, among other things, an Account
is given ut' the Rise, Growth, and Progress of Arianism
and all uthcr ^eets of that age, dej^cending from it. To-
gether with an Introduction, containing an Historical Ac-
count of the State of Paganism under the iirst Christian
Emperor, Lon., IHS.'J, fol. The Apostuliei (1677) and the
Ecclesiastici (1683) have been recently republished (Oxf.,
1840, 3 vols. 8vu) by Kev. Hfnry Cary, under the title of
Lives of the must eminent Fathers of the Church that
flourished in the first four centuries, &c. A Dissertation
concerning the Government of the Ancient Church of
Bishops, Metropolitans, and Patriarchs, more particularly '
concerning the Bishop of Rome, and the encroachments
of that upon other Sees, especially the See of Constant!- i
nople, 16S3, 8vo. Discourse of the Unity of the Catholic !
Church maintained in the Church of England, 1684, 4to. I
Chartophylax Ecclcsiasticus, 16S5, Svo. Sermon, 1685, ,
4to. Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria a |
Christo nato usque ad saeculum XIV., cum Appendice, ab I
alia manu ab iuuenle sa^culo XIV., ad annum usque 1617, !
Lon., 1688, 2 vols. fol. Ejusdem pars altera accedit ad
linem eujusvis saiculi, Lon., 1098, fol. Col. Allob., 1720,
fol. J reprinted, with many additions and alterations, by
the author, Oxf., 1740-43, 2 vols. fol. Henry Wharton as-
sisted in this work, and a controversy was thereby elicited,
(»'. n. in Chalmers's Biog. Diet.)
Bishop Watson observes that Casimiri Oudini Commen-
tarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesite, &c., Leipsic, 1722, 3 vols,
fol., is a kind of supplement to Cave's Historia Literaria,
and other works of the same kind.
" Dr. Ciives other works are idl iuferinr to this, which is his capi-
tal perf-iruiiiuce. It discovers great reiidinp;. research, and accu-
racy. It contjiins much iuiprirUint infoiuiation, in comparatively
little room. It is hij^hly praised by \\ ali'h. and was reprinted at
Geneva in 1705 and 17*20. It occasiont'd a controversy with Le
Clerc, [Epistola Apolo^ietica, Ac, 1700, 8vo.] which produced the
correction of Several mistakes iu the first edition. On this account
the latter edilions are the best." — Orme's Bihl. Bib.
Cavendish, Charles, Lord. His Case, 1759, fol.
Cavendish, George, of Glemsford. The Xegotia-
tions of AVoolsey, the Great Cardinall of England, &,c.
Composed by one of his owne servants, being his Gentle-
man-Usher, Lon.. 1641; reprinted as The Life and Death
of Thomas Woolsey in 1667, 12mo, and 1700, Svo, and in
the Ilarleian Miscellany. This version is incorrect. A
faithful transcript from MSS. was pub. by Dr. Wordsworth
in his Ecclesiastical Biography, ISIO, 6 vols. 8vo ; 4th
edit., 1839, enlarged. See Cavendish's Life of Woolsey
in this collection. This biography was formerly attributed
to Sir William Cavendish, the founder of the House of
Devonshire. Tbat his brother George was really the au-
thor, is satisfactorily proved by the Rev. Joseph Hunter,
of Bath, iu his pamphlet Who wrote Cavendish's Life of
Woolsey? 1814, 8vo. 100 copies printed. It was re-
printed in Cavendish's Life, with notes and illustrations,
edited by Mr. Singer, 1827, 8vo.
" All the memorials of such a man are, of course, worthy of
being preserved, and in achieving this object. Mr. Singer is entitled
to our praise and gratitude.'" — Lon. Critical Gazette.
" The pen of Cavendish is a lively and a ready one, and all that
came under his own observation he describes with fidelity and ac-
curacy. His style has the unstudied graces of a man writing in
e;irnest: and when it rises, as it frequently does, in denouncing
the blind caprices of chance, the degeneracy of the times, or the
neglect of obscure worth, it often possesses a dignity and impres-
sive eloquence which marks a lofty and intellectual spirit. . . .
But what adds to the value of this production is, that there is no-
where a more vivid or striking representation of the manners of
that distant age." See this excellent article in the Lon. Retro-
spective Review, v. 1, 1822.
"There is a sincere and impartial adherence to truth, a reality
in Cavendish's narrative, which bespeaks the confidence of his
readers, and very much increases his pleasure." See Singer's
Metrical Visions, by Cavendish.
Cavendish, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire.
The Passage of the Mountain of St. Gothard, Lon., 1802,
Svo.
Cavendish, Hon, Henry, 1730-1810, younger son
of Lord Charles Cavendish, and grandson of the Duke of
Devonshire, was a chemist of great eminence. He lived
a secluded life, engaged in his experiments, never married,
and left a million pounds sterling to his heirs. The results
of manv of his experiments will be found in the Phil.
Trans., 'l766, '69, '71, '7G, 'S3, '90, '92, '98, 1809. Caven-
dish ranks among the first of chemical philosophers. But
this is a subject upon which the learned may claim to
speak :
" Cavendish est un des savants qui ont le plus contribue aux
progr^s de la chiniie moderne. C*est lui qui. le premier, analysa
les proprietes particuli6res du gaz hydrog^ne, et assigna les carac-
tdres qui distinguent ce gaz de I'air atmosphfrique. C'est k lul
que Ton di^it la fameuse decouverte do la composition de I'eau,
. . . Cavendish ne s'est pas moins distingue dans la physique en
y portant la meuie esprit d'exactitudo. II etait aussi ti^s vers6
dans la haute geometrie, et il en a lait une determination de la
densite moyenne de notre globe." — BiOT. Voyez Biographie Uni-
verselle.
" Mr. Cavendish was a profound mathematician, electrician, and
chemist. Dr. lilack, who had discovered carbonic acid, laid the
foundation of pneumatic chemistry. Cavendish is usually said to
have discovered hydrogen, (although it was prepared by Mayow,
Boyle, and Hales, long anteriorly.) and placed the second stone on
the great superstructure which was afterwards to be raised by
Priestley and others. That common air consisted of oxygen and
nitrogen was known; but Cavendish demonstrated (1783) that it
consisted of a volume of 20-8ii3 oxygen, and 79'16ti nitiogen — a
result which has been thoroughly confirmed by subsequent e.\-
perinients. lie likewise demonstrated the exact constitution of
water, although it is confidently affiimed that James Watt at the
same time knew its composition, and that his views were known
to Cavendish. Cavendish likewise showed that nitric acid is com-
posed of nitrogen and oxygen — Priestley having previously found
that electric sparks, when passed through air, turned litmus red,
Cavendish added potash to the solution evaporated, and obtained
nitre. While there is scarcely any doubt that there has been a
tendency to overrate Cavendish at the expense of others, he must
be always ranked as one of the first of English Chemists, who has,
by the accuracy of his experiments, ;^ssi^tl•d in laying the sure
foundation of the science." — Kobt. Di;niias Tiinm.soN, M.D-, F.R.S.,
I^nifessor of Ciiemistry, St. 2'homas''s Htnpital College^ London. See
Rich's Cyc. of Biog., 1854.
The following opinion of an eminent authority and un-
exceptionable judge in the premises must not be omitted:
"Cavendish was possessed of a minute knowledge of most of the
departments of Natural Philosophy; he carried into his chemical
researches a delicacy and precision which have never been ex-
ceeded; possessing depth and extent of mathematical knowledge,
he reasoned with the caution of a geometer upon the results of
his experiments; and it may be said of him. what perhaps can be
scarcely said of any other person, that whatever he accomplished
was perfect at the moment of its production. His processes were
all of a finished nature; executed by the hand of a master, they
required no correction; the accuracy and beauty of his earliest
labours have remained unimpaired amidst the progress of dis-
covery, and their merits have been illustrated by discussion, and
exalted by lime.'" — Sir Hi ^ipiikv Daw : Clifmical Philosopliy.
Cavendish, Marsraret, Duchess of Newcastle, d.
1673, was as fond of authorship as her noble lord proved
himself to be. Lord Orford speaks disparagingly of her
ladyship's talents, but it is well known tbat Horace Wal-
pole spared no man (or woman) in his humour. Philo-
sophical Fancies. Lon., 165."i, 12mo. Poems and Fancies,
1653, fol. The World's Olio, 1055. fol. Nature's Picture
drawn by Fancie's Pencil, to the Life, 16d6, fol. Pliilo-
sophical and Physical Opinions, lGo5, fol. Orations, 1662,
fol. Pluyes, 1662, fol. She wrote 26 Phnys, and a num-
ber of Scenes. Sociable Letters, 1664, fol. Observations
upon Experimental Philosophy, 1666, fol. Life of Wil-
liam Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, 1667, fol. The same in
Latin, 1668, fol. ; — '' The Crown v( her Labours." Grounds
of Natural Philosophy, 160S, fol. Letters and Poems,
1676, fol. Select Poems, edited by Sir E. Brydges, 181.3,
Svo. Her autobiography, edited by Brydges, 1S14, r. 8^'o,
In one of her last productions, her ladyship, with corfi-
mendable frankness, avows a most ungovernable cacoethea
scribendi :
" I imagine all those who have read my former hooks will say
I have writ enough, unless they were bett^-r; but say what you
will, it pleaseth me, and since my delights are harmless, / will
salis/i/ vMj hummiT :
'• For had my brain as many fancies in't
To fill the world. I'd put them all in print;
No matter whether they be well or ill exprest.
My will is done, and that pleases woman best."
" A lady worthy the Mention and Esteem of all Lovers of Poetry
and Learning. One who was a fit Consort for so Great a Wit as
the Duke of Newcastle. Her Soul sympathizing with his in all
things, espfi'ially iu Dramatick Poetry; to which she had a more
than Mnlinary propensity." — Langbaine's Dramatick Poets, 1691.
" A tiiiil.- pidant, with an unbounded passion for scribbling."
■ — lIoRAct: Walpole. See R. & N. Authors.
" She makes each place where .she comes a Library." — Flecknoe.
"She was the most voluminous writer of all the female poets,
and had a great deal of wit." — .Iacobs.
*• We are greatly surprised that a lady of her quality should
have written .so much, and are less surprised that one who loved
writing so well has written no better." — Gr.\nger.
" Her person was very graceful. She was most indefatigable in
her studies, contemplations, and writings ; was truly pious, chari-
table, and generous, and a perfect pattern of conjugal love and
duty." — Ballard.
Cavendish, Sir Thomas, 1564-1592, a native of
Suffolk, was the second English circumnavigator of the
globe. Voyage to Magellanica in 1586 j see Callander's
Voyages i. 424 ; 1776.
Cavendish, William, Duke of Newcastle, 1592-
1676, husband of Mahgaret, DrrnESS of Newcastle,
(q. V.) was a zealous champion of Charles L, and fought
valiantly on his side. La M^thodo uouvclle de dresser
367
CAV
les Chevaux, ic, avec Figures; or the new Method of \
mannging Horses; with Cuts, Aiitw])., ]t;oS, foL. first
written in English, and trans, into French by a "VValloun.
A new Method and Extraordinary Invention to dross
Horses, Lon., 1667, foh Five Comedies, 16liS, 4to. The
Triumphant Widow, 1677, 4to. System of Horsemanship
in all its Branches, 1743, 2 vols. fol. Other compositions ;
verses, songs, Ac. Hora: Subseciva>, 162U, 8vo, has been
attributed both to Lord Cavendish and Lord Chandos.
" The greatest master of wit. the most exact observer of man-
Uind, and the most accurate judge of humour I ever knew."—
SuADWELL. , ,_ , ^ J .
" Since the time of Augustus, no person better understood dra-
matic poetry, nor more generously encouraged poets; so that we
may truly call him our Knglish Mseceuas."— iu/ijliume s V-rama-
'■ This noble personage was. from his earliest youth, celebrated
for his love of the Muses, and had a true taste for the liberal arts."
— Bwg. Dratnat. ,
" Nothing could have tempted him out of those paths of plea-
sure which he enjoyed in a full and ample fortune [which he sa-
crificed by his loyalty, and lived for a time in extreme poverty]
but honour and ambition to serve the king when he saw hmi in
distress, and abandoned by most of those who were in the highest
decree obliged to him."— Earl of Clarendon.
° "But now behold a nobleman indeed.
Such as a w' admire in story when we read." — Flecknoe.
" One of the most finished gentlemen, as well as the most dis-
tinguished patriot, general, and statesman of his age."— Cibeer.
Cavendish, VVilliam, first Duke of Devonshire,
1640-1707, a distinguished statesm.an, also cl.aims place
as an author. Speeches, 1680, '81. An Allusion to the
Bishop of Camhray'3 Supplement to Homer ; a Poem. An
Ode on the Death of Queen Mary. Some Fragments on
the Peerage. Most of his writings were printed in an Ap-
pendix to the Memoirs of the Cavendishes by Dr. Kennelt.
This Is the nobleman who was fined £.30,000 (declared
illegal by the House of Lords, and not exacted) for taking
Colonel Culpepper by the nose, before the king, leading
him into an antechamber, and caning him.
'• He was the finest and handsomest gentleman of his time. —
Mackat; a crmicmporari/. , , it , ■ a
" His gr.ace was a poet, not by genms only, but by learnnig and
judgment ; whence Lord Rosco'mmon made him a constant reviser
of his poetical productions."— CoUins's Parogi.
Dryden is said to have preferred his grace's Ode on the
Death of Queen Mary to any one ever written on the same
occasion.
" lie was the friend and companion, and at the same tmie tne
equal of Ormond, Dorset, Koscommon. and .all the noble orn.a-
ments of that reign of wit in which he passed his youth."— Dr.
Campbell. „ _,
" A patriot among the men, a gallant among the ladies. — HO-
EiCE Walpole: vidt R. 4 N. Authors.
Caverhill, John, M.D., Royal College of Physicians,
London. Explanation of the 70 Weeks of Daniel, &c.,
Lon., 1777, 8vo. ,.. . ,
" Dr. Caverhill has certainly studied the subject on which he
has written with great care, and brought a considerable portion
of iearDing to bear upon it."— Oi-me's £iW. Si6. _
The Gout, 1769, Svo. Other profes. treatises, 17b7,
'70, '72.
Caverley, Sir H. Remarks in his Travels, 1683, fol
Caveton, Pet. Junhrigalia.
Cavii, Guel. Tidr Cate.
Caw, George. Poetical Museum, Hawick, 1784, 18mo.
" Many of the border ballads, afterwards published by Sir Wab
ter Scott in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, first appeared
in this collection." — Lowndes.
Cawdray,or Cawdry,Rol»ert. Treasurie or Store-
House of Similes, Lon., 1600, 4to, dedicated to Sir John
Harrington, &c. Of the Profit and Necessity of Catechis-
ing, Lo'n., 1592, 8vo.
Cawdrey, or Cawdry, Daniel, d. 1664, a Noncon-
formist divine, ejected from his living in Northampton-
shire. The Good Man a Public Good, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Other theological treatises, 1624-61.
Cawdrey, Zacharias. 1. Patronage. 2. Sermon,
1675, '84, 4(0. „ „ , . ,
Cawdwell, Thomas. A Defence of an Ordained
Ministry, against the Brnwnists, Lon., 1724, 4to.
Cawley, J. The Nature and Kinds of Simony dis-
cussed, Lon.. 1689, 4to.
Laws concerning Jesuits, &c.,
1. Navigation. 2. Fishery and
Cawley, William.
16S0, fol.
Cawood, Francis.
Manufactures, 1710, '13.
Cawood, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, Per-
petual Curate of Bewdlcy, Worcestershire. The Church
of England and Dissent; '2d edit., Lon., 1831, 12mo,
mons, 1S42, 2 vols. Svo.
" Forcible, impressive, and evangelical."— Bickersteth.
Cawte, R. Academic Lessons, 1786, 8vo.
358
Ser-
CAX
Cawthorn, James, 1719-1761, an English divine
anU-i.uet. was matriculated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, in
1758. The Perjured Lover, 1736. Abelard to Eloisa, 1746.
Sermons, 1745, '48. An edit, of his poems was pub. in
1771, Svo.
■■As a poet he displays considerable variety of power, but pei^
baps he is rather to be placed among the ethical versifiers, than
ranked with those who have attempted with success the higher
tiiu'hts of genius. As an imitator of Pope, he is superior to most
of "those who have fi'imcd themselves in that school."
Cawton, Thomas, 1605-1659, a learned Puritan
divine, a native of Norfolk, England, studied at Queen's
College, Cambridge. He was skilled in Oriental learning,
and assisted Brian Walton in the Polyglot Bible, and
Castell in the Polyglot Lexicon. Serm., 1662. His Life,
by his son, and Serm. by the father, 1664, '75, Svo.
Cawton, Thomas,' 1637-1677, son of the above, also
a learned Orientalist, studied at Merton College, Oxford,
at Rotterdam, and Utrecht. Disputatio de Versione Sy-
riaca Vet. et Novi Tcstamenti, Ultraj., 1657, 4to. Disser-
tatio de usu Linguie Hebraica; in Philosophia Theoretica,
Ibid., 1657, 4to. , „ ,^ V »
"Th-it on the Syriac Scriptures is more valuable, though not
more curious, than the one on the Hebrew language. He discusses
the Syriac version both of the Old and New Testaments. . . .
Leusden speaks in the highest terms of the author's diligence,
learning, and extensive acquaintance with the Hebrew and its
cognate dialects. Chaldaic. Svriac, and Arabic. It is gratifying to
perceive, that these branches of biblical literature are again reviv-
ing in both parts of the island." — Orvie^s Bihl. Bib.
Wood acknowledges that Hurst's eulogy on Cawton was
well deserved. , „, , ,
Caxton,William,1412?-1492, a native of the Weald
of Kent, is entitled to the lasting gratitude of posterity as
the introducer of the art of printing into England. At
the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a mercer in London,
Robert Large, created Lord Mayor in 1439, who, on his
death in 1441, left his apprentice the handsome legacy of
34 marks. Caxton left home for the Continent in 1442,
acting according to most authorities as commercial agent
for the Mercers' Company of London. Mr. Oldys remarks :
■•It is agreed on by those writers who have best acquainted
themselves^with his story, he was deputed and intrusted by the
Mercers' Company to be their agent or factor in Holland, Zealand,
Flanders, ic, to establish and enlarge their correspondence, nego-
elate the consumption of our own, and importation of foreign,
manufactures, and otherwise promote the advantage of the said
corporation in their respective merchandise." Vide Caxioh in
Biog. Brit.
Upon this Mr. Knight comments :
'■ This indeed is a goodly commission, if we can make out that
he received such. . . . The real fact is, that for twenty of those
years in which Caxton describes himself as residing in the coun-
tries of Brabant. Holland, and Zealand, there was an absolute
prohibition on both sides of all commercial intercourse between
England and the Duchy of Burgundy, to which these countries
were subject; and for nearly the whole period, no tnglish goods
were suffered to pass to the continent except through the town of
Calais, and ■ in France,' says Caxton, 'I was never.'" — Kmght's
Life of aixton. Lon., 1S44, 32nio.
In 1464 Edward the Fourth appointed Richard White-
hill and William Caxton, still abroad, to be his ambassa-
dors and deputies to the Duke of Burgundy, for the ■" pur-
pose of confirming an existing treaty of commerce, or, if
necessary, for making a new one." In 1466 a treaty was
concluded, by which the commercial relations between the
two countries, which h.ad been interrupted for twenty years,
were restored. Margaret, sister of Edward IV. of Eng-
land, was married to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, in 1468
at Bruges, and Caxton, who was then residing in this city,
received an appointment — it is not known in what capa-
city in the court of the duchess. He became a great
favourite with this noble lady, and in the course of con-
versation she elicited from Caxton an acknowledgment
that " having no great charge or occupation," ho had be-
fore her grace's arrival commenced the translation from
French into English of the " Recuyell of the Historyes of
Xroye" — (by Raonl Ic Fcvre) "for to pass therewith the
time." Discouraged with the difficulties attendant upon his
task, ho had abiindoned it ; hut his noble mistress made
him go for his " five or six cjuires," and submit them to
her inspection, and then "commanded me straightly to
continue, and make an end of the residue then not trans-
lated. Whoso dreadful commandment I durst in no wise
disobey."
" The translation was begun in Bruges, the 1st of Marche,
in the yere 1468, continued in Gaunt, and finished in Colon,
the 19th of September, 1471." He then •'deliberated in
himself to take the labour in hand of printing it together
with the third book of the Destruction of Troye, trans-
lated of late by John Lydgate, a monk of Buryc, in Eng-
lish ritual."
CAX
The book was printed; but being tine anno et Inco, the
place has been a matter of dispute. Perhaps there is
little risk of error in assigning Cologne as the city where,
and 1476 as the year in which, this first book in the Eng-
lish language saw the light. It has been agreed by many
aathoritles that Caxton had previously printed in the Low
Countries the original Recueil des Histoires de Troye, (in
1467.) and a Latin Speech by Russell, ambassador of Ed-
ward IV. to Charles of Burgundy, (in 1469.) Mr. Knight
joins issue with Dibdin, Bryant, HalLam, and others upon
this point, and to their works we must refer the curious
reader. Ca.xton is supposed to have returned to England
about 1474, this being the date of the Game and Play of
the Chess, which is presumed to be the first book ever
printed in England. Authorities, however, are much at
variance in this matter. Raoul le Fevre's Recueil des
Histoires de Troye in the French, is by some presumed to
be Caxton's first issue in England. Some of his earliest
impressions are without date. We have .already referred
to the bold assertion of Richard Atkyns, that Frederick
Corsellis had published a book in England in 146S. ( Vide
Atky.s-s, Rica.iRn.) We need not linger upon a story
the details of which never obtained much credence. We
now behold the father of English printing installed in his
printing-office in Westminster Abbey, and assiduously la-
bouring to extend the benefits of the new invention to his
grateful countrymen. He was one of the most industrious
and indefatigable of men, and literally " died in the har-
ness," for (although he printed nothing after 1490) it is
believed that he spent some hours of the last day of his
life in translating for the press Vita Putrum, or " The righte
devout and solitairye lyfe of the anciente or olde holy
faders, hermytes, dwellinge in the deserts." He left this
world in May or June, 1492, after having zealously served
his generation.
" Exclusively of the labours attached to the workinR of his press
as a new art, our typor^rapher contrived, though wet! stricken in
years, to trauslate not fewer than live thousand closely piinti-d
folio pages. As a translator, therefore, he ranks among the most
laborious, and, I would hope, not the least successful, of his tribe.
The foregoing conclusion is the result of a careful enumeration of
all the books translated as well as printed by him; which, [the
translated books,] if published in the modern fashion, wouJd ex-
tend to nearly twenty-five oct.avo volumes!" — Diljdiii'sTypographi-
col Antiqmtirs. q. v. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Life of Caxton;
Life of Caxton. pub. by Poc. for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.
All of Caxton's impressions are now very valuable. A
copy of his first book, and the first printed in English,
which had belonged to Elizabeth 6rcy, Queen of Edward
IV., produced in the Roxburghe sale, (6:).i0,) £1060 18».
This is of course no criterion of the value of ordinary
copies ; but an imperfect one of the same work brought at
the Lloyd sale, (1469.) £126, and a copy of the Chronycles
of Englond was sold by Leigh and Solheby in 1S15 for
£105. The number of books printed by Caxton was sixty-
four, and we cannot add any thing of more value to this
article than a list of the whole, extracted from Dibdin's
Typographical Antiquities, Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols. 4to.
Alphabetical List of the Books printed by Caxton. with
their supposed DEGREES OF R.^RITY : the number 6 beinff
the hhhest degree:
Date. Deg. of Rarity.
Accidence No date 6
jEsop I'lS-l 0
Arthur. Histories of 1485 6
Ballad, Fragment of No date 6
Blanchardin AND Eglantine " 6
BOETItJS " *
Book OF Divers Ghostly Matters... " 5
Book OF Good Mansers 1487 4
Book FOR Travellers " 5
Cato Magnus 1483 4
Cato Parvus No date 5
Charles the Great 1485 6
Chastising of Gob's Children No date 4
Chaucer's Book OF Fame " 4
" Canterbury Tales " 5
" " " " 4
" Troilits and Cresside.... " 4
" MinorWorks,withLydgate's" 5
Chess, Game of 1474 5
" " No date 4
Chivalry, Fait of Arms and 1489 4
" Order of 1484 6
Chronicle of England, ic 1480 3
Cordial "SO 4
Craft to Know well to Die 1490 5
CuRiAL OF Alain Chartier No date 6
Dictes of the Philosophers 1477 4
eio
Date. Deg. of Rarity.
De Fide et Cantu, &o No date 5
DlBECTORlUM SaCEHDOTUM " 5
Doctrinal OF Sapience 1489 4
Edward the Confessor qu?
Godfrey of Boulogne 1481 5
GoLDEK Legend 1483 4
Gower's Confessio Amantis 1483 3
HoR.E No date 6
Jason 1475 5
Infancia Salvatoris No date 6
KaTHERINE of SlENNE " 4
Knight of the Tower 1484 4
Liber Festivalis 1483 4
Life of our Lady No date 4
" Saint Wenefrid " 5
Lombardy, History of..
qu.'
Lucidaby No date 6
Lvndewood qu?
Mirror of the World 1481 4
Ovid's Metamorphoses 14S0 5
Paris and Vienne 1485 6
Pilgrimage of the Soul 1483 4
polychronicon 1482 4
Proverbs OF Pisa 1473 5
Reynard THE Fox 1481 6
Royal Book 1484 4
RussEL, Ob.ation'of No date 6
Siege OF Rhodes " 6
Speculum Vite Christi " 4
Statutes " ^
Troy, Reciteil DES Histoires " 6
" Histories OF 1471 5
TuLLY OF Old Age, Ac 1481 3
Virgil's .Sneid 1490 4
Work of Sapience No date 4
Cay, Dr. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698.
Cay, Henry Boult. Abridgt. Public Statutes, from
11th of Goo. II. to 1st Geo. III. inclusive. Lon., fol. This
is a supplementary vol. to J. Cay's Abridgt.. (q. v.) Abridgt.
of Statutes from Magna Charia to 1st Geo. III.. 1739,
2 vols. fol. ; 2d edit., 1762, 2 vols, fol.; sup. vol., 1766.
Cay, John. Abridgt. Public Statutes, <tc.. from Magna
Charta— 9th Hen. III. to 11th Geo. II. inclusive, Lon.,
1739, 2 vols. fol. Continuation r. Cay H. B. Statutes at
Large from Magna Charta to 30th Geo. II., 1785, 6 vols,
fol. Continuation from 30th Geo. II. to 13th Geo. III., by
Owen Ruffhead, 1768-73, 3 vols, fob
Cay, John. Analysis of the Scotch Reform Act, with
Decisions of the Courts of Appeal. Parts 1 and 2, Lon.,
1837-40, 8vo.
Cay, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722; bending
Plank bv a Sand Heat.
C'ayley, Arthur, The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh,
Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 4to; 2d edit., 1806. 2 vols. Svo. Memoir
of Sir Thomas More, with a new trans, of his Utopia, his
History of K. Richard III., and his Latin Poems, 1808,
2 vols. Svo.
" He is either no favourite of the historic muse, or he does not
pay her sufRcientfy assiduous court, for be can as yet boast of few
of the fascinations and enchantments which she places at the difi-
posal of her successful suitors."
See Lon. Monthly Rev., 1806, Svo.
Cayley, Arthur, b. 1821, at Richmond, Surrey, a
distinguished mathematician. Contributions — principally
on the Pure Mathematics — to The Cambridge, The Cam-
bridge and Dublin, and Quarterly, Mathematical Journals,
Philosophical Transactions, Camb. Phil. Trans., Phil. Maga-
zine, Liouville's Journal de Mathematiques. and Crclio's
Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik.
Cayley, Cornelius. 'I'bcolog. treatises, 1758-62.
Cayley, Edward. The European Revolutions, 1848,
2 vols. 8yo.
"Mr. Cayley has evidently studied his subject thoroughly; he
h.os consequently produced an interesting and philosophic history
of an important epocli.'' — jV'iy (^iinr. ii'tc.
Cayley, Sir George. Con. to Nic. Jour.. 1807, '09,
'10; and to Phil. Mag., 1816; subjects. Aerial Navigation ;
Mechanical power from Air expanded by Heiit.
Cazenove, J., President of the London Chess Club.
Selection of curious and entertaining Games at Chess that
have been actually played by J. Cazenove, Lon., 1817, 12mo.
Circulated only among the friends of the author.
Ceby. Opuscules Lyriques; Lyric Poems, or Songs,
presented to Lady Nelson, 1801, Svo.
Cecil, Catherine. Memoir of Mrs. Hawkcs, late of
Islington, including Remarks in Conversation and Extracts
from Sermons and Letters of the late Rev. R. Cecil ; 4th
ed., 1849, Svo.
359
CEC
Original Tiioughts on Scripture, etc., from serms. of R.
Cecil, Lon.. IS 1.1.
Cecil, Edward, Lord Viscount Wimbledon. Journal
of his Expedition upon tlie Coast of Spain, Lon., 1625, '26,
4to. His Answer to the Earl of Esse.x and nine others. A
Letter to the Mayor of Portsmouth. Some Letters in the
Cabala, the Harleian MSS., and two JNIS. tracts in Brit.
Mus. He was second son of the Earl of Exeter, and grand-
son of Lord Burleigh.
Cecil, Sir Edward. Speech in Parliament, 1621, 4to.
Cecil, Henry Montasrue. The M.ystcrious Visitor;
or May, the Rose of Cumberland ; a Novel, 1S05, 2 vols.
Cecil, Richard, 1743-1810, a native of London, was
entered of Queen's College, O.\ford, in 1 773 ; ordained Dea-
con, 1776; Priest, 1777: Minister of St. .lohn's, Bedford
Row, London, 1780; presented to the livings of Chobham
and Bislcy, in Surrey, 1800. Mr. C. was distinguished as
a preacher, and for his sliill in music and painting. Life
of Hon. and Rev. W. B. Cadogan, 179S; of John Bacon,
the sculptor, ISOl; of Rev. John Newton, 2d edit., ISOS.
Tliese biograpliies are contained in vol. i. of the edit, of
his Worlis, (edited by Rev. Joseph Pratt,) in 4 vols. 8vo,
ISU ; vol. ii. contains his Miscellanies and Practical Tracts ;
vol. iii. his Sermons; vol. iv. his Remains. He pub. a Se-
lection of Psalms and Hymns for the Public AVorship of
the Church of England, of which the 32d edit, was pub.
before 1S40. In 1839 a vol. of his Sermons, then first col-
lected, was issued ; new edit., 1853, 12mo, An edit, of his
Works, ed, by Mr. Pratt, appeared in 1838, 2 vols. Svo; and
his Original Thoughts, edited by Catherine Cecil ; 2d ed.,
1851, p. Svo. Some of his original melodies will be found in
Theophania Cecil's Psalm and Hymn Tunes, and a number
of his letters and remarks in the Memoir of Mrs. Hawkcs.
" Cecil W.1S a man deservedly distinguished .amoD}]: the evangeli-
cal clergymen of the established Church." — Bishop Jebd.
'' Remarkabl.v original : with striking and judicious views. His
Remains, eminently useful to ministers, and perhaps one of the
most valuable books that has been given to them in modern times.''
— BiCKRRSTETH.
"Cecil's style of preaching partook largely of his characteristic
excellence. . . . Ilis ideas, like the rays of the sun. carried their
own light with them. Images and illustrations were at his com-
mand, and rendered his discourses not only instructive but fos-
cioating. They were living pictures."
" In Richard Cecil we see a man combining the rich soil of
native talent with a refinement of cultivation not surpassed by
classic example; while in him the elegant and profound .scholar
and polished gentleman are only the' subordinate characters of
the humbls-minded. devoted, and enterprising follower of the lowly
Jesus." — Baptiat Advncate.
"His style of preaching wils original and striking, acutely scruti-
nizing, richly embodied with evangelical statements, and "bearing
pointedly upon the experience of the Christian."— ion. Christian
Observer.
Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbur.y, 1550 F-1612, son of
the great Lord Burleigh, and his father's successor as prime
minister of England, was educated at St. John's College,
Oxford. An Answer to several scandalous papers, Lon.,
1666, fob, and 4to, The State and Dignity of a Secretary
of State's Place, 1642, 4fo, Secret Correspondence with
James VI., King of Scotland, pub. by D. Dalrymple, Lord
Hailes, Edin., 1766, 12mo. Some of his papers are in the
Harleian MSS,, 305 and 354.
" He was t^videntlv a man of quicker parts, and a more spirited
writer and speaker, than his father." — Dr. Birch.
""Tofore great men were glad of pnets; now
I. nU the worst, am covetous of thee,
Yet dare not to my thought least hope allow
Of adding to thy fame: thine may to me.
"VThen in my book men read but Cecil's name."
Ben Jonson ; Epigrams.
See Park's Walpole's R. A N. Authors.
Cecil, William, Lord Burlei|:h, Lord High Trea-
surer of England, 1520-1598, was prime minister for more
than half a eeulury. He was entered of ,St. John's Col-
lege, Ciiiuhridge, May 27, 1535, and speedily distinguished
himself by his proficiency in his studies. As regards his
subsequent career we may adopt the words of Lord Orford.
Burleigh's is
" One of those gre.at names better ftnown in the annals of his
country, than in those of the republic of letters. In the latter
light only it is the business of this work to record him." — R. d-N.
Authors.
The Execution of Justice in Eng., Lon., 1583, 4to; again,
1583, 4to; 1675, '88, Svo; in Latin, 15S4, Svo ; Italian, 1584,
8vo. Precepts, <fec., 1536, ISmo. Diarium Espeditionis
SeoticiB, 1541, 12mo. Speech, 1592, Advertisement, Ac,
1592, Svo, Advice to Q. Elizabeth in Matters of Religion and
State, 1592, Svo. Memorial presented to Q. Elizabeth against
hcrbeing Engrossed by any Particular Favourite,1714,i2mo,
Advice to his Son, 1722. 12mo. His Life of Collins, 1732, Svo.
Memoirs of his Life and Advanced Station, &c. ; with an
360
CIIA
Appendix of Original Papers by R. C, 1738, 4to. Preface
to Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation of a Sinner, For
an account of his Letters, Genealogical and other pieces
in MS., Ac, see Park's Walpole's R. A N. Authors. Col-
lection of State Papers, 1542-70; 1740, fob; ditto, 1571-
96; 1759, fol. Letters, 1542-70, were pub. by Haynes in
1740; ditto, 1571-96, pub. by Murdin, 1759. Scrinia Ce-
ciliana; being his Letters, 1663, 4to, See Somers's Tracts
for his First Paper, a Memorial, and Ballard's Brit, Ladies
for his Meditation on the death of his Lady, A review of
Haynes's and Murdin's collection of Cecil's State Papers
j will be found in Retrosp. Review, N. S., i. 204-30; 419-
36, (1S27.) In 1828-31 a most important work was giver,
to the world by the Rev. Dr. Nares, Regius Professor
i of Mi'dern Hist, in the University of Oxford; viz.. Me-
moirs of the Life and Administration of Cecil, Lord Burgh-
ley, containing a Hist. View of the Times in which lie
lived, and of the illustrious Persons with whom he was
connected ; now first pub, from the originals, 3 vols, 4to.
No man should pretend to dogmatize upon the events of
Elizabeth's reign who has not digested these quartos.
I " A publication of the highest national interest, and a great
and valuable accession to our knowledge of Knglish histoi-y, at a
period when that history is most important In his preface
Br. Nares tells us that he found that he bad done but little when
he had carefully read and examined more than fifty-nine thousand
closely printed pages for one volume alone. It is by such indefa-
tigable researches that he has been enabled to correct many errors
in Hapin. Strype, Neale, Lingard. and others."— Zon. Atheixtfim.
'• This elaborate and sterling work appears in the good old solid
form of nearly 800 pages to the volume. As, it would be impossi-
ble, in a journal like ours, to afford any adequate idea of the mul-
titude of great historical, biographical, religious, and political
questions which are embraced and discussed in a work of such
magnitude, we mu.st here take leave of it. and content ourselves
with again recommending it on its intrinsic merits as a work of
' great historical value." — Lfm. Literary Gazette.
"Both public depositories and private collections h.ive been con-
sulted with all the ardour that the maguitude and importance of -
the work required."^i>)7;. Gent. Slag.
"If thou would'st know the vertues of mankind,
Read here in one, what thou in all canst find.
And go no further: let this circle be
Thy universe, though his epitome: —
Cecil, the grave, the wise, the great, the good]
\S hat is there more that can ennoble blood ?"
Ben JmisoiVs Epigrams.
Cecil, William. Every Bankrupt his own Lawyer,
1715, Svo,
Celer, t. The Censors Censured, Lon., 1698, Svo.
Celhcr, Eliz. Malice Defeated, ic, 16S0, '89, 4to.
Celsius, Andrew. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1725-36 :
Astronomy: Antiquities; the Barometer.
Cennick, John, a Calvinistic Methodist, d. 1755.
Edward Lee, 1729. Svo, Autobiog., 1745, Svo, Serms.,
1762, 2 vols. 12mo; frequently reprinted; last edit., 1852,
12mo.
"Great simplicity and zeal."— Dr. E. Wihiams.
" Kvangelii-.Tl.'' — Bickerstetm.
Cent, Nehem. A Word to L. P. Assembly, Lon.,
1650, 4to.
Centlivre,Su.sannah, 1667 ?-1722, a dramatic writer
of consideralde note in her day, was a daughter of Mr.
Freeman, of Lincolnshire. She was thrice married : 1st
to a nephew of Sir Stephen Fox; 2dly to Colonel Carrol;
and 3dly to Joseph Centlivre, principal cook to Queen
Anne. She sometimes appeared upon the stage, but was
more successful as a composer. Her wit, beaut.y, and ac-
complishments made her a favourite in the literary circles
presided over by Steele, Budgell, Rowe, Ac. Her AVorks,
with a New Account of her Life, appeared in 1761, 3 vols.
12mo. A listof her 19 plays— among which A Bold Stroke
for a Wife and the Perjured Husband— wUl be found in
the Biog. Dramatica.
" AVe cannot help giving it as our opinion, that if we do not al-
low lier to be the very first of our female writers for the stage she
h.as but one above her. and may justly be placed next to her pre-
decessor m dramatic glory, the great Mrs. Behn."— B%. Ih-amat.
Ceolfrid, or Ceolfrith, 642 ?-716. succeeded Benedict
Blscop in 690 as Alibot of Wearmouth. His letter ad-
dressed to the King of the Picts on the observance of Easter,
has been highly commended.
" Bale attributes to Ceolfrid, Homilies, Epistles, and other works
amongst which one, he says, treated of De sua peregrinatione.
Little credit however can be given to this statement, as Bale had
evidently not seen the books he describes."— Wright's Biog. Brit.
Cetta, John. Tryal of AA'ifchcraft, shewing the true
and right method of discovery, 1616, 4lo.
Chad, G. W. Revolution in Holland, 1814, Svo.
Chaderton, Lawrence, D.D., Urst Master of Ema.-
nucl College, Camliridgc, 1546-1640, was educated at
Christ's College. He was one of the translators of the
CHA
CIIA
version of the Bible made by order of James T. Sermon,
1578, 16mo. Treatise on Justification ; pub. by A. Tbysius,
Prof, of Divinity at Leyden, with other tracts on the same
subject. His Life was pub. by AVilliam Dillingham, at
Cauil'rid.tce. in 1700.
"llf \s;i> J iiKin of acknowledged piety, benevrlencf. and learning."
Chadlicet, Thomas. Speech in behalf of the King
and PiuliauK-nt, Lon., 1042, 4to.
Chadwell, Scripture Concordance, Lon., 1650, 12mo.
Satyr to bis Muse. Lc.n.. 1GS2, fob
Chadwicli, Daniel. Sermon, Lon., 169S, 12mo.
Chadwich, John. Sermon, 161-4, 4to.
ChaUwick, Edwin, b. ISOl, near Manchester. Re-
port from the Puor-Laiv Commissioners, Luii., 1H42.
" A grt'at deal of iiuthentic and very valuable information. . . .
The interesting and elaborate report by the same gentleman, on
interment in towns, disclost-s some really frightful abuses." —
McCtillncli's Lit.of Pulit, Eamomi/.
Chadwick, Rev. Jahez, b. 1779, at Lee, Mass. For
more than fifty years a pastor in Western N. Y. Two works
on Christian "Baptism, 1S32-38. Kew Testament Diet.,
1849; a work wliich received high commendation.
Chalie. Tiie F-.urth Commandment. 1652. 4to.
Chatin^ William. Anecdotes and History of Cran-
bonrn t'b;l^e, Lmi.. Svo.
C'hafy, John. Fast Sermon, 1757, 8vo.
ChatV, William. Sermon, 1803, Svo.
Chalenor, Mary. Walter Gray; a Ballad, and other
Poems, Lon., 12ino ; 2d ed.. 1843. Poctic;iI Kemains of
M. C, 12mo. 1843; and included in 2d edit, of "Walter Gray.
"As tliL' simple and s))outaneous effusions of a mind apparently
filled with feelings which render the fireside happy, and untinc-
tured with atTeciutiun or verbiage, they may with benefit be re-
ceived intn the ' happy homes of Euirland.' and offered as a gift to
the youthful of both sexes." — iliamhers's Jjim. Jaurnal.
"The poems are sweetly natural; and tlnaigh on topics often
eung, breathe a tenderness and mclanehirily which are at once sooth-
ing and cnnsnlatfiry." — Lon. Literary Gu2ilt,\
Chalford, K. Sermon, Oxf.. 1644. 4to.
Chalk, Eliza. A Peep into Architecture, Lon., 16mo;
2d ed., 1848.
'■What has been done by Mrs. Chalk is simply, unaffectedly,
and Well written. Most of the principal details nf Church Archi-
tecture and ornaments are briefly explained iii lanL'uaL'e divested
of technical charactA?rs; and the neat lithographic illustrations are
decidedly well chosen, and correctly delineated." — 3x!eswlnQ7St.
"It traces the history of Architecture from the earliest times."
—Tlu: Bwlder.
" A nu'rilorious attempt — pleasingly written." — Lon. Aihmceum.
ChalkhilU .John, is a name prefi.xed by Izaak Walton
to a work ])uli. by him in 1683, entitled Thealma and
Clearchus : A Pastoral History in smooth and easie verse.
Walton speaks of Chalkhill as the Friend and "Acquaint-
ance of Edmund Spenser," but as there is no other evidence
of the existence of such a friend of the author of the Faery
Queen, (for the Winchester Cathedral Chalkhill cannot be
the poet wanted.) some critics have considered Chalkhill
as only a vom de phmie, and believe Walton to be the au-
thor of the Pastoral History. See this question discussed
in Mr. Singer's reprint of Thealma and Cle.archus in an
article in the Lon. Retrospective Review, iv. 2;i0. 1821, and
in Beloe's Anecdotes, i. 69-74. Those who have confidence
in Izaak's veracity, when they read the followinf; positive
assertions, may feel inclined to range themselves on the
side of Chalkhill believers:
" He was in his time a man prenerally known, and as well be-
loved: for he was humble and obli;j;infi in his hi-haviour; a gentle-
man, a scholar, very innocent and prudent ; and, indeed, his whole
life was useful, quiet, and virtuous."
'■ The versification of Thealma and Clearchus is extremely sweet
and equable. Occisiunally harsh lines and unlicensed rhymes
occur; but they are only exceptions to the general style of the
poem, — the errors of liaste or negligence." — Loji. Kdroap. /^eii.,1821.
Chalkey, Thomas, d. 1749, whilst on a missionary-
visit at the isle of Turtola, came from England to Penn-
sylvania in 17U1, and resided chiefly in this State for the
rest of his life. His Journal, and a cuUection of his writ-
ings, were pub. at Phila., 1747 ; Lon., 1751; N.Y., 1808.
" He was a man of many virtues." See Proud's Hist., i. 403.
Challen, Rev. James, b. at Hackensaek. N.Jersey,-
a publisher in Philadelphia. 1. The Cave of Machpelah,
and other Poems, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 2. The Gospel and
its Elements. 3. Christian Evidences.
Challice, A. E. The Village School F^te, Lon., 12mo.
"Considered as a religious tale, the story is well contrived, and
there is with it a better knowledge of the world than is often found
in serinns novels." — Lfm. Spectator.
Challoner, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Debra, 1691-
1781, a native of Lewes, Sussex, studied at the English
R. C. College at Duuay, and embraced the Roman Catho-
lic religion. In 17?-i) he returned to England, and pub.
an answer to Middleton's Letter from Rome, for which he
was denounced as an enemy to his country, and obliged to
abscond. In 1741 he was made titulary Bishop of Lon-
don and Snlisbury, and Vicar Apostolic of the Metrepoli-
tan District. Church History, 1737. 3 vols. fol. Britan-
nia Saneta, Lon., 1745, fol. A IVIauual of Prayers and
other Christian Devotions, revised liy K. C, 1819, 18mo.
Grounds of the Catholic Doctrine, 13th edit., 1828, ISmo.
A Popular Tract. Memoirs of Missionary Priests, and
others of both Sexes, who sufiered on Account of their Re-
ligion from 1577 to 1688, Mauchest., 1803. Spirit of Dis-
senting Teachers. Grounds of the Old Religion. Unerr-
ing Authority of the Catholic Church. A Caveat ngainst
Methodism. Meditations for every Day in the Year. Der-
by, 1843, 2 vols. 24mo. A repub. of Gother's Papist Misre-
presented and Represented; 26th edit., Lou.. 1825, 18nio,
a popular R. C. tract. Life of Richard Challoner, by
James Barnard, Lon., 1784. 8vo.
Chalmers. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1750.
Chalmers, Alexander, 1759-1834. a native of Aber-
deen, where his father was a printer, received a good clas-
sical and medical education. He came to London about
1777, and found literary euiphiyment as a contributor to
St. James's Chronicle. The Morning Chronicle. The Morn-
ing Herald, and the Critical and Analytical Reviews. A
Continuation of the History of England, in Letters, 1793,
2 vols. ; 1798 ; 1803 ; 1821. Glossary to Shakspeare, 1797.
Sketch of the Isle of "Wight, 1798. Barclay's English
Dictionary. The British Essayist, 1843, 45 vols. 12mo:
commencing with The Tatler, and ending with The Ob-
server; with Prefaces, Hist., and Biog., and collated with
the original editions; again pub. in 1808 and in 1823,
38 vols. 18mo. The Spectator, Tatler, and Guardian in
1S22, 12 vols. Svo.
"The long series of periodical works, which, from the days of
Addison to those of Mackenzie, have enriched our literatui-e with
so many effusions of genius, humour, wit, and learning." — Sir
Waltee Scott.
"As we read in these delightful volumes of the ' Tatler' and
' Spectator.' the past age returns — the Kngland of our ancestors is
revivified. The May I'ole rises again in the Strand, in London — the
beaux are gathering in the Coffee Houses. The footmen are run-
ning with links before chariots, or tightiug round the theatre doors,
Ac."— Thackeray.
In 1809 he pub. an edition of Shakspeare with Hist, and
Explanatory Notes from the most eminent Commentators,
&c. ; from Steevens, &.c. ; again, 1812 and 1845, 8 vols. Svo.
We quote an opinion without comment :
" This is, unquestionaVily, the most desir.^I>le edition for all who
desire to enjoy their author, without having theij- attention drawn
from him every moment to the putty squabbles of his parasitical
commentators."
Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowpcr;
with Johnson's Lives, and additional Lives, by A. C. 1810,
21 vols. r. Svo, £25. History of the Colleges, Halls, and
Public Buildings attached to the University of Oxford, in-
cluding the Lives of the Founders, 1810, 2 vols. Svo.
" This work contains much information which will be useful
and amusing to the generality of readers, and which could not be
procured, except in works which are now become both scarce and
expensive." — L<m. Quarterly lievitw.
"A litter person to execute this task than Mr. Chalmers could
not have been found ; long versed in every branch of inquiry re-
lative to the history, biography, and antiquities, as well as prac-
tised in the art of writing, of a discriminating mind, and cool judg-
ment."— L(m. British Critic.
The General Biographical Dictionary, 1812-17, 32 vols.
Svo. This is a very valuable work, to which this volume
is very much indebted.
" No pood library can possibly be considered complete without
the excellent Biographical Dictionary of Chalmers."
'■The most extensive and important body of Biographical and
Bibliographical information ever published in this country."
This work is now (1854) worth £7 to £10, according to
the binding and condition.
Among the last labours of Mr. C. were an abridgment
of Todd's Johnson Dictionary, in 1820; the 9th edit, of
Boswell's Johnson, in 1822, and a new edit, of Shakspeare,
and one of Dr. Johnson's works, in 1823. In addition to
the labours noticed by us, he edited the works of Fielding,
Gibbon. Bolingbroke, Pope, Ac, wrote many biographi-
cal sketches, and assisted in a number of literary under-
takings. For particulars see Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1835.
"Mr. Chalmers was most indefatigable and laborious in his stu-
dies and devotion to literature. No man ever edited so many
works for the booksellers of London: and his attention to accuracy
of collation, his depth of research as to facts, and his discrimina-
tion as to the character of the authors under his review, cannot
he too highly praised." — Lrm. Gent. M'<g., ^^'^f>.
Chalmers, Lt. Chas. Polit. Pamphlets, 1706-1S02.
Chalmers, David. See Chambers.
Chalmers, George, 1742-1825, a native ofFochabers,
Scotland, was educated at King's College. Old Aberdeen.
After devoting some time to the study of the l:iw, he emi-
grated to Maryland, and practised in the colonial courts
361
CHA
for ten years. The American struggle for independence,
to wWeh he was opposed, proving successful, he returned
to England, and his loyalty was rewarded in lih6 bya
clerkship in the hoard of trade, which he retained until his
death He puh. a numher of political, historical, biogra-
phical, and miscellaneous works, some of which we notice.
A Cllectiou of Treaties between Ureal Britain and oilier
Powers. Lon., 1750, 2 vols. 8vo ; and UaU. Political An-
nals of the Present United Colonies, Book 1, to lOSb, llbU,
,4to ; all published. Repub., with addils., Inlroduc. to the
Hist., Ac, Host., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. , j ,„ t»
■• Vou will sometimes see the work of Chalmers referred to. It
is an immense, heavy, tedious hook, to explain the legal histoi-y
of the different colonies of America. It should be consulted on all
such points. But it is impossible to read it. The leaves, however
should be turned over, for curious particulars often o''™;- »"<^^ °?
nature ofthefirstsettk.ment.andorii;iuallawsofc*;h colony should
be known. The last chapter, indeed, ought to be read, the right
to tax the colonies became a great point of dispute. Chalmers
means to show that the sovoreisnty of the British Parliament ex-
isted over America, because the settlers, thoush emi-rants, were
still English subjects and members of the empire. —FtuJ. t^mym s
Ltd. on'UM. Hist. ,
Lord Sheffield's Observations on tho Commerce of the
American Stales were pub. in 1784. An Estimate of the
Comparative Strength of Great Britain during the next
and four preceding Keigns, ic, 1782, 4to ; 1794 1802 ; new
edit , corrected and continued to 1810; IblO, 2 vols. 8vo.
'• Written to dispel the gloomy apprehensions of those who sup-
nosed that the country was in a ruined state at the close of the
American war; and it successfully accomplished its object. —
McCuLLOCH. „ T^ , ,. T J
Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Laws and
Commercial Policy, arising frcm American Ind.
dependence,
1784, 8vo. Apology for the Believers of the Shakspeare
Papers, 1797, Svo. Supplementary Apology, 179U, 8vo.
Appendix, 1800, Svo. . „ , „
"Indispensably necessary to every Shakspearian collector. —
LOWNOES. m, . 1.
Life of Thomas Buddiman, 1794, Svo. Tho Appendix
contains a v.aluable chronological list of early English
newspapers, and other interesting matter.
Life of Sir David Lyndsay, and a Glossary of his Poetical
Works, 1806, 3 vols. Svo.
" Mr. Chalmers has here given a much-improved and excelleiit
edition of the works of Sir David Lyndsay. His publication is
entitled to the highest commendation."— /?<i7)S^ Cnlic.
Life of Mary, Queen of Scots, from the State Paper.?, 2d
edit,, 1822, 3 vols. Svo. A valuable history.
Mr. C.'s great work, to which much of his life was de-
Toted, was a comprehensive topographical and historical
account of Great Britain, from the earliest times — styled
Caledonia. Of the four volumes projected, only three
appeared— the result of vast labour and research — Vol. i.,
1807; ii., 1810; iii., 1824; all 4to. The concluding por-
tion was left by the indefatigable author in JIS.
"The Caledonia is to the Anglo-Saxon History what Stonehenge
is to a carved front in an old cathedral. It is one of the children
of Anak. In deep research and heaping together of matter, the
Britannia of Camden fades away before it. A life, and a long and
busy one, was almost exclusively devoted to this stupendous
work: the author lived to complete it, and no more. The con-
cluding volume is still in manuscript; and no boiikseller has ap-
peared willing to hazard the expen.se of giving to the world a
thousand pages quarto. This is one of those cases in which lite-
rature is not its own reward; and bad Chalmers lived in any land
under the sun save this, bis Caledonia would have been published
by the government, and the learned author pensioned." — Allan
CONNINGFAM : Lit. of the Lust FiJ'ln Tears.
" It is impossible to speak too highly of the excellencies of this
elaborate work— more elaborate, indeed, and copious, more abound-
ing with original information, than any work in British History
or Antifiuities which ever came from one author. It will rank
with the immortal Britannia of Camden, which it far surpasses in
industry of research and accumulation of matter." — Lon. Quar-
terly Review. . , „. .
" This gentleman is the Atlas of Scotch Antirjuaries and Histo-
rians; bearing on his own shoulders whatever has been collected,
and with pain separatelil endured by his predecessors; whom
neither difficulties tire, nor dangers daunt."— Z>iMi«'s Library
Compnninn.
Will it be thought impertinent in an American to urge
one of the Literary Clubs, which do such credit to Great
Britain, to worthily distinguish itself by publishing tho
remaining MSS. of this great work?
Chalmers, James, D.P. Sermon, 1714, 4to.
Chalmers, Lionel, M.D., 1715?-1777, a native of
Scotland, emigrated to South Carolina, where he practised
medicine for more than 40 years. Essay on Fevers, Lon.,
1768, Svo. The Weather and Diseases of S. Carolina, Lon.,
1776, 2 vols. Svo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ii"|.
Chalmers, Robert. SermoDs. Edin., 1798.
Chalmers, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., and member of
the Royal Institute of France, 1780-1847, the most emi-
nent Scottish divine of his day, was a native of Austru-
362
CHA
ther, Fifeshire. He entered the University of St. An-
arcr's in 1791. Selecting tho ministry as his profession,
ho was ordained in the Church of Scotland, and officiated
as assistant minister in the parish of Cavers, from whence
ho removed to Kilmany, in Fifeshire, and in 1814 to the
Tron Church of Glasgow, where he speedily become cele-
brated as the most eloquent preacher of his day. The ar-
ticle Christianity, contributed to Sir David Brewster's
Edinburgh Encyclopaidia, and since pub. in book form,
added to the evidences of the writer's eminent abilities.
In 1817 he pub. his Discourses on Astronomy; in 1818 his
Commercial Discourses; in 1819 and 1820 appeared the
Occasional Discourses, and in 1821 (1821-26, 3 vols. Svo)
he gave to the world The Civic and Christian Economy of
Lar^e Towns. Mr. McCuUoch thus notices this work :
"llr Chalmers is a zealous, or rather a fanatii-al. opponent of
pooiMaws. His projects for providing for the support of the poor,
w ilhnut resorting to a compulsory provision, which he regards as
one of the Greatest possible evils, are developed in this work. But
while we admit the goodness of his intentions, nothing, as it ap-
pears to us, can be more futile and visionary than his schemes;
more inconsistent with principle, experience, and common sense.
— Lit. of Polit. Ecrmomy.
In 1824 he was appointed to the Professorship of Moral
Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's. Whilst
thus settled he pub. his works on Endowments, his Bridge-
water Treatise, the Lectures on tho Romans, and his Poli-
tical Economy in connexion with the Moral Stale and
Moinl Prospects of Society, (Glasgow, 1832, Svo.) This
work also incurs the censure of the celebrated critic whom
we have just quoted :
" The principles which pervade the work are mostly borrowed
from the Economists and Mr. Malthas; and are frequently either
wholly unsound, or carried to such an extreme as to become inap-
plieable and absurd. It, however, contains some ingenious dis-
qui'sitions. It was reviewed in the Kdinburgb Keview. (vol. Ivi.
pp 62-72.) Dr. Chalmers replied to the reviewers in a pamphlet,
in which he ineffectually endeavoured to vindicate bis doctrines
fiom the objections urged agaiust them." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Pol.
Eeonom i/.
In 1828 he was removed to the Chair of Theology in the
University of Edinburgh, " the highest academical dis-
tinction which could be bestowed."
Dr. Chalmers was the principal leader of tho seceding
party in the difBcultics which resulted in the disruption
of the Church of Scotland in 1843. Resigning his pro-
fessor's ch.air in tho lliiivcr.sily of Edinburgh, he was
elected principal .and priraarius Professor of Theology to
the seceding body. The degree of LL.D. conferred by tho
University of Oxford, and election as a corresponding
member of tho Royal Institute of France — " honours
never before accorderl to a Presbyterian divine, and seldom
to a Scotsman" — are striking evidences of the esteem in
which this eminent man was held by the most learned
judges of literary merit. On the evening of Sunday,
May 30, 1847, Dr. Chalmers retired to rest "apparently in
perfect health, and died calmly during the night, the bed-
clothes being found undisturbed about his person." He
left a widow and six children — one married to the Rev.
Dr. Hanna of Stirling, an author .and editor of the North
British Review, who has since pub. Dr. C.'s posthumous
works, and Memoirs of his Life and Writings. See Lon.
Gent. Mag., July, 1847, to which we are indebted for many
of tho above facts. The writings of Dr. C. were pub. by
Messrs. Thomas Constable & Co., Edinburgh, in the fol-
lowing order :
Worl-s : 25 viih. 12mo.
Vols. 1, 2. Natural Theology.
" 3, 4. Christian Evidences.
" 5. Moral Philosophy.
'I 6. Commercial Discourses,
" 7. Astronomical Discourses.
" 8, 9, 10. Congregational Sermons.
'•' 11. Sermons on Public Occasions.
" 12. Tracts and Essays.
" 13. Introductory Essays to Select Authors.
" 14, 15, 16. Polity of Nations.
" 17. Church Establishments.
" 18. Church Extension.
" 19, 20. Political Economy.
" 21. Parochial System.
" 22, 23, 24, 25. Lectures on the Romans.
Poslhumoiie Works; edited by the Rev. Dr. Hanna, 9 voU.
8ro., 1847-49.
Daily Scripture Readings, 3 vols.
S.abbath Scripture Readings, 2 vids.
Sermons Illustrative of Different Stages in His Minis-
try, 1 vol.
"This volume of the Posthumous Works of the great Scottish
divine has a distinct utility of its own. These discourses extend
CHA
CHA
over a period of nearly fifty years; they mark the ripening of a
ruiud Liii:j,iii!illy fertile, and the purfectiog of an floiiuence Ibrcitile
froui its i-ailirst (■iritit; but they are still morn inturesting to the
miuistei- ;ind tin- rLtiiiious inquiier, as showing not an education
but a iv;^t.'ueiatiMii uf the spiritual nature; not a completion, but
a roluruiatiou, of buliel on the great evangelical articles of our
fiiith. ■ — UlitchiiKin.
Institutes of Theology, 2 vols.
** lu 1S41 Dr. Chalmers tommenced rewriting and remoulding
his Tbeologicai Lectures into the furm of a cumplt^te and compre-
hensive Treatise on t^ystematic Divinity. To this work all his
leisure time was given. !Noue of his published writings received
laigei'. il SI) large, a measure of the author's care and thought iu
their preparation. lie looked forward to it himself, when com-
pleted, as his largest and most matured contiibutiou to the science
of theology ; and he has loft it nearly in the state in which he de-
signed to present it to public notice."
"A woik worthy of the veteran theologijin and preacher whose
masi'uline yet child-like mind lives in its pages. For the spirit it
breathes, still more than for the views of truth it exhibits, we de-
sire that it may be widely studied among our young preachers and
theoIoL;ical students." — Patriot.
Prelectious on Butler's Analogy, Ac, 1 vol.
" Never did Calvinism appear to greater advantage than in these
Prelections. We ivfer not so much to the victorious argument
that is wielded in its defence, as to the life our professor breathes
into it, and the life that he draws from it. How often is the Kd-
wardean Calvinism of the North defended as a system scientific-
ally correct, and the argument left there! But the volume before
us may convince any one that, rightly interpreted, and savingly
experienced — understood in all its parts, and seen in all its rela-
tions, it is not more a system of orthodoxy than a source of god-
liness.''— Journal of Piophtcy.
'•To commend these works is superfluous: they have met with
universal approbation from the British press and public. That
the pfiiodi.al press, representing so great a variety of religious
and ijtilitical opinions, should have so generally noticed them, and
that luowith high commendation, is a circumstance exceedingly
rare, if not unparalleled. They have charms for the merely lite-
rary man, and they will obtain a hearing for evangelical truth,
in quarters fi-om which it would otherwise bo excluded." — Kitto's
Journal: Noticf nf thu Posthumous Wvrl.s.
In addition to the above, the reader must procure Me-
moirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Chalmers. By his son-
in-law. the Rev. AVm, Ilanna, LL.D., 4 vols. 8vo, 1849-52,
"Dr. Hanna is to be congratulated on the manner in which he
has fulfilled the important task on which he has now for several
years been engaged. Dr. Chalmers is a man whose life and cha-
racter may well engage many writers ; but no one possessed such
materials as Dr. Hanna for writing a biography so full and de-
tailed as was in this case demanded. The Jour vnjuuics which he
has laid before the public are not only an aiiip]>' discharge of his
special obligations as regards his splendid snl ject. Ijut iilso a nuich-
needed example of the manner in which biographies of this kind,
combining original narrative with extracts from wi-itings and cor-
respondence, ought to he written." — Lnn. At/ienmum.
*' We find that throughout this article, we have been serving
Dr. Hanna very much as he has served himself in the course of
his labours, in compiling these Memoirs. He, occupied with his
great subject, has kept himself out of view: and we. warmed at
the same lire, have been almost as forgetful as he himself. But
he will have his revenge of us. All the world has read, or will
presently be reading, what he has written; and thousands of
readers will be grateful to him for what he has done, so well, for
their editicatiou and pleasure; or even if they forget to render
this deserved tribute, it will be because with them as with us, a
Memoir of Chalmers, if worthily compiled, must, in the nature of
the case, quite fill the readers thoughts and heart, criticism for-
gotten."—Isaac Taylor, ?« /AeiVori/i British RiiviKw.
" We lose no time in recommending our readers to procure this
hook, which abounds with choice extracts from the earlier corre-
spondence of the true-hearted Dr. Chalmers; throwing much light
on the progress and development of an intellect destined to exer-
cise an iufiuence so important on the Church of his own day, and
to transmit to posterity a legacy so precious." — Eclectic Hcview.
It were easy to adduce many more testimonies to the
Talue of the labours of Dr. Chalmers as a Christinn teacher
and a zealous and enlightened philanthropist: — but this
article is already long, and three or four more quotations
must conclude it :
*'To activity and enterprise he has read a new lesson. To dis-
interested but far-seeing goodness he has supplied a new motive.
To philanthropy he has given new impulse, and to the pulpit new
inspiration. And whilst he has added another to the short cata-
logue of this world's great men, he has gone up, another and a
majestic ou-looker, to the cloud of witnesses."— iWi/i British
^evino.
" We meet Br. Chalmers as we should the war-horse in Job. with
feelings which almost unfit us for marking his port, or measuring
his paces: 'his neck is clothed with thunder; the glory of his
nostrils is terrible; he paweth in the valley, and rejniceth in his
strength.' Such a champion in the arena of spiiitual warfare
ought to be hailed with acclamations, and heralded by every loyal
trumpet on the walls of /.ion." — Ojnoregatiorial Magazine,.
'■'• Known and prized throughout Europe and America, the works
of Dr. Clialnieis have taken that elevated place in our permanent
national lit.-ralui-e whirh must always command for them the
Btudy and ;idiiiir;itiiin of every person."
"As specimens ..f s;icred eloquence, sound philosophy, and as
impressive exhibitions of evangelical truth and duty, his works
will doubtless be read as long as the Knglish language is under-
stood."—Dr. E. Williams.
Chalmers, WiUiam, M.D., d. 1702. Con. to Med.
Com., 177;^.
Chaloner, Etlward, D. D., 1590-1025. educated at
Mii^dalen Hall, Oxfonl, became chaplain to James I., and
Principal of Alban Hall. Six Sermons, Lun., 1623, Svo.
Sermon, 1624, 4to. Six Sermons, Oxf., 1629, 4tn.
"Able for the pulpit, and well read in polemical divinity, as
some of his lucubratii"'ns shew. There was nothing of his compo-
sitiou so mean, which the greatest person did not i alue.'' — Athen.
Oxon.
Chaloner, James, d. 1661, brother of the preceding,
was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. I>c^ciiptiun
of the Isle of Man, printed at the end of King's Vale Koyul
of Chc.'^hire, Lon., 1656, fol.
Chaloner, Thomas, brother of the preceding, waa
educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Political Treatises
relative to Charles I., Lon., 1646. A true and exact Re-
lation of the strange iinding out of Moses his Tomb, in a
Valley near unto Mount Nebo in Pulestina, &.C., Lou.,
1657, Svo.
"This book at its first appearance, made a great noise, and
pnsled the Presbyterian rabbles for a time: at length the author
thereof being known, and his story found to be a meer sham, the
book became ridiculous." — Athcn. Oxon.
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1559-1615, father of the
three preceding, was educated at Magdalen College, Ox-
ford. Ho was a great favourite with King James, both
before and after Queen Elizabeth's death, and was in-
trusted with the education of Prince Henry. A Short
Discourse of the most rare and excellent virtue of Nitre,
Lon., 15S4, 4to.
'' In this he discovers very considerable knowledge of chemistry
and mineralogy."
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1515?-156d, educated at
Cambridge, father of the preceding, was sent by Queen
Elizabeth as ambassador first to tjlermauj', and subse-
quently to Spain. He was distinguished as a soldier, a
statesman, and an author. Tbe Office of Servants, from
the Latin of Cognatus, Lon., 154.'i. Svo. Trans, from St.
Chrysostom, 1544, Svo. Trans, of Moriie Encomium, 1549.
In Laudem Henrici Octavi, Ac, 1560, 4to. De Republica
Anglorum, A^c. ; libri decem ; i.e. of tbe Keforming or
Restoring [right ordering] of the English Republic, 1579,
4to : written during his leisure hours during his Embassy
to Spain :
" At a time when he spent the winter in a stove, and the sum-
mer in a barn." — Preface to the irnrl-.
"AVritten in learned and elegant Latin verse." — Wood.
Do IHustrium quorundum encomiis Miscellanea, cum
Epigramniatibus ne Epitaphiis nonnulHs ; printed with the
above. A Little Dictionary for Children.
"The most lively imagination, the most solid judgment, the
quickest parts, and the most unblemished probity, which are
commonly the lot of different men, and when so dispersed fr&-
quently create great chamcters, were, which very rarely happens,
all united in Sir Thomas Chaloner; justly therefore reputed one
of the greatest men of his time." — Biog. Brit.; quoted from Sir
William Cecil's Eulogium.
Chamber, John, d. 1549. A Treatise against Ju-
dicial Astrologie, Lon., 1601, 4to.
'• lloughlv handled by [fir Christ. Ileyden in his Defence of Ju-
dicial Astrology, [Camb., IGOIJ, 4to."j
Astronomiiv? Encomium, Latin and English, 1601, 4to.
Chamberlain, David. Counterfeit Money, and
Trade, Ac. 1696, 4to.
Chamberlain, Chamberlen, Chamberlayne,
Hugh, M.D., 1664-1728, known as the inventor of an
obstetric forceps, afterwards improved by Smellie and
others, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. His
extensive practice enabled him to amass a large fortune.
Midwife's Practice, Lon., 1665, Svo. Practice of Physick,
1664, 12mo. Trans, of Mauricenus's Midwifery, 1683.
Manuale Medicum, 1685, 12mo, Queries relative to the
Practice of Physick, 1694, 12nio.
Chamberlain, John. Blow at Infidelity, ISOl, Svo.
Chamberlain, John. New Testament Church,
Lon., ISmo.
" A vast deal of useful matter in a small compass." — Baptist
Mag.. 4S20.
Chamberlain, or Chamberliu, Mason. Poems,
ISDO-dl. 8vM.
Chamberlain, or Chamberlayne, Robert, b.
1607. Nocturnall Lucubrations; Epigrams and Epitaphs,
Lon., 1638, 16mo. Swaggering Damsel, a Comedy, 1640,
4 to. A Pastoral.
Chamberlain, Robert. ArithmeticalAYorks, 1679.
Chamberlain, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 1730, Svo.
Chamberlain, Thomas. A Help to Knowledge,
Lon., 1839, 12mo. The Theory of Christian Worship, Svo.
" A volume of by no means ordinary sermons." — Guardian.
Selected Letters, 12mo. Windsor^ a Poem, 12mo.
363
CHA
Chamberlaine, or Chamberlaync, Edward,
lf!l6-170;i. a iKitive of Gloucestershire. w;is edufatcd at
Oxford. The Present AVar paralleled, 1G47 : 1600, with
title slightly altered. England's Wants, 1667. AnMiie
Notitia, or the Present State of England, &q., 1668. 8vo ;
many edits. ; the first 20 of which were pub. by Edward
Ch.amberlaine, and the rest by his son. Several Theolog
and Political Works.
Chanibprlaine, or Chamberlain, Henry. His-
tory and .Survey of Loudon and Wcstiuiustor, Lou., 1769,
'70, fol. '
" An inacrur.iff public.ition." — Lowndes.
Chamberlaine, Jas. Sacred Poem, Lon., 1686, Svo.
Chamberlaine,nrChamberlayne, John, d. 1723,
son of Enw.\iii) C'hambrhlaixk. (7...,) was educated at Trin.
College, Oxfor.I, aud distingni.-^hcd as a lin-uist. He con-
tinued his father's Angliie Notitia. and pub. some trans-
lations and other works, of which we notice, A Treasure of
Health, from the Italian, Lon., 16S6, Svo. The Eeli"ious
Philosopher, from the Dutch of Nieuwentyt, 1718, s'vols.
Svo; and Dissertations, 172.3, fol. Of the Notitia, which
saw 30 to 40 edits., Mr. McCulloch remarks, referring to
the want of good statistical works at that period,
'■ Its statistical information is mcigre in the extreme; hut, . . .
till the present century, there were none better by which to supel^
Bode it.' — Lit. of P'ilit. Ec'mmny.
Chamberlaine, John. Imitations of Original Draw-
ings, by Hans Holbein, with Biographical Tracts by Ed-
mund Lodge, It numbers pub. at £37 16»., Lon., 1792-
1800, 2 vols., atlas fol.
" The binjraphical tracts are derived from no common sources,
and exhiliit the recondite research and happiness of display for
whi(^h Air. Lnd;,^e is so remarkable." — LoWiVOES.
Other publications of Engravings, 1797, fol.
Chamberlaine, Joseph. Alm.anac, Lon.,1631,12mo.
Chamberlaine, ^fath. Tr.actatus de Literis et
Lingua Philosophica. Duld.. 1679. 4to.
Chamberlaine, Richard. Coniplcte.Tnstice,1681,Svo.
Chamberlaine, Itichard. Lithobolica: Stone-
throwing Devil. Lon., 16HS, 4to.
Chamberlaine, William, Surgeon. Professional
Essays, Lon.. 17S4-1S1.1. Con. to Mem. Med., 1789-99.
Chamberlayne, Uarth. Sermons, 1613.
Chaniberlayne, Israel, D.D., b. 1795, N. T. The
Past and the Future. Australian Captive, Ac. Contributed
extensively to various Religious and Temperance Journals.
Chamberlayne, Capt. S. E. Court Martial on,
1809.
Chamberlayne, or Chamberlain, or Chamber-
lane, William, 1619-16S9, a n.ativo of Dorsetshire, was
a soldier, physician, and poet. Love's Victory ; a Trai'i-
Comedy, Lon.. 1658, 4to. A portion of this appeared on
the Stage in 1678. under the title of Wits Led by the Nose,
or a Poet's Revenge. Pharronida; a Heroick Poem
1659, Svo.
" This Poem, though it hath nothing extraordinary to recom-
mend it, yet appeared abroad in Prose, 16S3. under the Title of a
Novel called Eromena, or The Noble Stranger."— Lunoiaiiie's
Oram. PoiUs.
*' Never, perhaps, was so much beautiful design in poetry marred
by infelicity of execution : his ruggedness of versification, abrupt
transitions, and a style that is at once slovenly and quaint, per-
petually interrupt us in enjoying the splendid figures and spirited
passions of this romantic tablet, aud makes us catch them only bv
glimpses." — Cimciiell.
Mr. Campbell exhumed this poet for a season, but he
seems to be again "quietly jnurned."
" A poet who has told an interesting story in uncouth rhymes,
and mingles sublimity of thought and beautv of expression" with
the quaintest conceits and most awkward invei-sinns." Southet:
noteloJoan of Arc; and see Cens. T.it.; and Itetrosp. Rev.
Chamberlen, Hugh, M.D. Papers relating to a
Bank of Credit upon Land Security, 1693, 4t.o. The Con-
stitution of the Office of Land Credit dechared in a Deed
by H. C. and others, Lon.. 1698. 12mo. See McCuUoch's
Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 160. A Few Proposals relative to
Land Credit. Edin., 1700. 4to. Petition and Proposals, fol.
Chamberlen, Paul, M.D. A Philosophical Essay
on the celelirated Anodyne Necklace, Lou., 1717, 4to.
Chamberlen, Paul. History of the Reign of Queen
Anne, Lon., 1738. Hist, and Antifp of the Ancient Egyp-
tians, Babylonians, Romans, Assyrians, Medes, Persians,
Grecians, and Carthagenians, 1738, fol.
Chamberlen, often spelt Chamberlain, Chambbr-
LAiNE. CiiAiiBEnLANE, and Chamberlayne; all of which
refer to.
Chamberlon, Peter, M.D. Theolog. and political
works, 11)48-62, Ac.
Chambers, C. H. Legal Treatises, Lon., 1819, '23.
See Chambers, Sir Eobebt.
CHA
Chambers, Charles. Account of the Earthquake at
Maileira. Phil. Trans.. 1755.
tiambcrs, Chambrc, or Chalmers, David, a
Scottish historian, judge, and lawyer, 1630-1592. was a
native of Ro.ss, and educated in the University of Aberdeen
and at Bologna. He travelled i.n the Continent for some
time, and returning home in 1556, took holy orders, and
was presented to the parish of Suddie, of which he was
made Chancellor. He was an adherent of Queen Mary,
who in 1564 created him a Lord of Session by the title of
Lord Ormond. Ho left home when no longer aide to serve
the failing cause of his queen, and died at Paris. He as-
sisted in the compilation of the Scottish Act of Parliament,
(Black Acts, 1566,) and was employed in digesting the
Laws of Scotland. Hist(dre Abregee de tons les Roys de
France, Angleterre, et Ecosse, Ac, Paris, 1579, Svo.
" The affairs of his own country are his chief subject, and what
he had principally in view : and he pretends to give the marrow
of whatever had been offered to the world by Veremund. the Black
liook of Scone, the old Chronicles of Icoliikil. kc. ^Vhereas, in
truth, lioethius is his main author: and the rest are only orna-
ments of his preface."— Bishop NicoLSos: ScoUish Hist. Library.
La recherche des Singularites plus Remarkables concern-
ant le Estat d'Ecosse. Discours de la legitime Succession
des Femmes aux Possession de lenr Parens, et du Gouvcrn-
ment des Princesses aux Empires et Royaumes. All pub.
at Paris, 1679, Svo. Inter soriptores, 16 a Jebb, Lon., 1705
torn. i. p. 1. '
He tells us that the work upon the Succession of Women
to the Inheritance of their Parents was written in defence
of his Royal Mistress, Queen Mary. Dempster commends
him highly ;
" Sive Camerarius Abredonensis, in Qallias celebri admodum no-
mine vixit; vir multa et variie lectionis. nee inamoeml ingenii "—
^iifc Tl/uctoi.-ic's WriUrsof the Scots Nution; and Vitus in kis Hist.
■■ It appears from his Works that he wasaMan of great lieading
a good Divine, an eminent Lawyer, a judicious Historian, a lovii
Subject, and well seen in theOrcek. Latin. English. French, Itali.an,
and Spanish Languages ; but especiallv. it is much to be admired
that he .attained to such Perfection in the Prmch Language, that
he made Choice of it to write all his Works in."— Mackenzie, vbi
supra. '
Chambers, Ephraim, d. 1740, author of the well-
known scientific Dictionary which bears his name, was a
native of Kendal. Westmoreland. He was placed with Mr.
Senex. a globe-maker, as apprentice, and was encouraged
by his master in his taste for scientific investigation. After
quitting Mr. Senex, he took chambers at Gray's Inn, (his
principal residence for the rest of his life.) and assiduously
devoted himself to the preparation of his Dictionary, the
first edition of which appeared in 172S. 2 vols, fol., pub. by
a subscription of four guineas, with a large list of subscri-
bers. The value of Mr. Chambers's labours was handsomely
acknowledged, Nov. 6, 1729. by his being elected F.R.S.
A second edition, with corrections and additions, was pub.
in 173S. Mr. C. had projected a new work, rather than a
new edition, and more than twenty sheets on this plan were
printed, with the design of publishing a volume yearly until
the completion of the whole. But tliis plan was abandoned
m consequence of an Act then agitated in Parliament,
which contained a clause obliging the publishers of all im-
proved editions of books to print their improvements sepa-
rately. This Bill passed the Commons, but was negatived
in the House of Lords. In 1739 a third edition was called
for, a fourth in 1741, and a fifth in 1746. After the edition
of 1,46 the work was greatly enlarged ; first by Mr. Scott
and Dr. Hill, afterwards by Dr. Rees, Lon., 17S1-S6, 4 vols,
fol., £11, or 418 numbers at 6rf. each. In this edition the
Supplement, which was pub. Lon., 1755, 2 vols, fol., and
modern improvements, were incorporated in one alphabet.
Dr. Rees's New Cyclopedia;, 1803-19, 85 parts, 45 vols. 4to,
is an invaluable treasury of scientific knowledge.
Mr. Chambers was also concerned in the Literary Maga-
zine, begun in 1735, and in a trans, and abridgment of The
Philosophical History aud Memoirs of the Roval Academy
of Sciences at Paris, Ac, 1742, 5 vols. Svo. The following
remarks in connexion with Mr. Chambers's great work are
not without interest:
"While the second edition of Chambers's Cyclopn'dia. the pride
of Booksellers, and the honour of the English Nation, was in the
press, I lyent to the author, and begged leave to add a single sylla-
ble to his magnificent work; and that for Cvclopa-dia. he would
writ." /:«( .v,l..|,.-,,,Ha. To talk to the writer of a Dictionary, is like
talking t" the wiiterofaM.agazine; everv thing adds to his parcel,
I we quote this feelingly!] and, instead of contritiuting one sylla-
tt '* ju"^ the occasion of a considerable paragraph. I told'him
that the addition of the preposition en made the meaning of the
word more precise; that Cyclopaedia might denote the instruction
of a circle, as Cyrop,T;dia is the instruction of Cvrus. the 011 in com-
position, being twined in 0; but that, if he wrote Kncvclop.-edia
it determined it to be from the d,ative of Cyclus, instruction in a
CHA
CHA
circle. T nrped. secondly, that Vossius had observed in his book
d»i VUiis Sermoiiis, that ■ Cyclopa-dm was used by some authors, but
Enryi'lnpadia by the best.' This deserved some rej!:ard. and he
paid to it the best he could : he made an article of his title to jus-
tify it." — W. Buwyer: Nic/ivls''s Likrart/ Anecdotes, v. 6G0.
Bowyer at one time entertained the idea so happily car-
ried out subsequently by Dr. Rees — of an enlargement and
improvement of the Cychipajdia — we beg his pardon — £"-
cyclopaedia. Mr. Clarke thus refers to it:
" Your project of improving and conectinp; Chambers is a veiy
good one; but, alas! who can execute it? You should have as
many undertakers as profesFi-ms ; nay, perhiips, asmany Antiiiua-
ries as there are different branches of antient learuiug.'* — Nichols's
Lit. Alter. : ubi sttpra.
Chambers, Goo. Treat. ao;ainst Judicial Astrology.
Chambers, Humphrey. Serms.. ttc, Lon., UU;i-55.
Chambers, J. Harmony of the Gospels, ISl:^, Svo.
Chambers, J, D. Legal compilations and Treatises,
Lon., lS:i2-42.
Chambers, John. History of Malvern, Worcest.,
1818, Svii. BiograpliiLal Illustrations of Worcestershire,
18111. Svo.
Chambers, Itlariana. He Deceives Himself ; a Do-
mestic Tale. 1799, '6 vnl^. 13ino. The School for Friends;
Com., 1801. Svo. Ourselves; Com., 1811. Svo.
Ch.imbers, Peter. They must needs go that the
Devil drives; or, a Whip for Traitors, Lon., 1652, 4to.
Chambers, Richard. Petition to Parliament, Lon.,
lOlli. fnl.
Chambers, Richard. Introduction to Arithmetic,
1809. Svo.
Chambers, Robert, first confessor to the English
Benedictine Nuus at Brussels. Miracles lately wrought by
the Intercession of the Virgin Mary at Mont-aigu, Antw.,
ICllfi. Svo; a trans, from the French. Sernis., Lon., 1620. 4to.
Chambers, Robert, See William and Robert
CHAMOKftS.
Chambers, Sir Robert, 1737-1803, Chief Justice of
the Sujireme Court of Judicature in Bengal, a native of
Newc;istle-on-Tyae. was educated at the University of Ox-
ford, and became a Fellow of University College. In 1762
he succeeded Sir William Blackstone as Vinerian Professor
of the Laws of England, and filled the duties of this ro-
sponsihle position until 1774, when he sailed for India,
where he remained for twenty-five years, returning to Eng-
land in 1799. A selection from his lectures delivered at
Oxford was pub. in 1824, Svo, (edited by C. II. Chambers.)
entitled A Treatise on Estates and Tenures.
Chambers, Sabin. The Garden of the Virgin Mary,
St. Om., ]:)19, 8vo.
Chambers, T. and G. Tattersall. Laws relative
to Buildings, etc., with a Glossary, Lnn., 1845, 12mo. Me-
tropolitan Building Act, 7 and 8 Viet, c. 84, 1845, 12nio.
Mr. C. and A. T. T. Peterson have pub. a Treatise on the
Law of Railway Companies, 184S, Svo.
Chambers, William, D.D. Scoticanas Ecclesice In-
fantia viriiis vEtas Seneetus, Paris, 1643, 4to.
Chambers, William and Robert, born at Peebles,
Scotland, the first about 1800, the second about 1802, are not
only distinguished as eminent public benefactors by their
■wide-spread distribution of vnluable knowledge, but also
occupy a highly respectable position in the ranks of authors.
Mr. Robert Chambers's first work. The Traditions of Edin-
burgh, was pub. in 1824, and met with immediate and de-
served success. In 1826 he pub. The Popular Rhymes of
Scotland ; in the following year his Picture of Scotland ;
and shortly afterwards three volumes of histories of the
Scottish Rebellions, two of a Life of James I., and three
volumes of Scottish Ballads and Songs. His Biographical
Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, in 4 volumes, was com-
menced in 1832 and concluded in 1835. This work elicited
warm commendation, and added to the reputation of the
intelligent author. (Revised ed., 1855, 5 vols. Svo. The
5th vol. is by the Rev. Thomas Thomson.)
"There is not a pa^e in the volume that can be pronounced un-
worthy of the undertaking; which will form a Standard Work in
Ihw Literature of Scotland, and a book of reference in every li-
brary throughout the British dominions."— iVctw Monthly Mag.
" No Scotsman who has any reverence for the great names that
have done honour to Scotland, should be without this work, if he
can at all afford to purchase it.'' — Glasgow Free Press.
•* It is a standard work, and honouniMe to every library in
which it may find a place." — JHetropoh'tan Mug.
*- The biographical sketches are executed in the author's happiest
manner, — characterized by that unfailing tone of kindness and
good-humour which is the finest trait both in his character and
writings. . . . His materials are, we know, abundant; consisting
not only of collectious which he had for years been silently mak-
ing, but also of those whk-h his publishers, unaware of his inten-
tions, had accumulated for a similar work." — Edinburgh Literary
Journal.
In 18.30 Mr. William Chambers gave to the world The
Book of Scotland, a general description of the customs,
laws, and institutions of that part of the United Kingdom.
In 1833 the brothers published a work, the result of their
joint labours — A Gazetteer of Scotland. In 1832 William
projected the Edinburgh (Weekly) Journal, which imme-
diately obtained a circulation of 50,000, and by 1844,
when the folio was exchiingcd for the octavo form, 90,000
copies were required to supply the demand. Complete
gets of this valuable periodical sometimes occur for sale,
and should be procured for the library as a vaUial)le repo-
sitory of instructive and entertaining literature. The
success of this Journal induced the brothers to enter into
partnership. The results of this union are seen in The
People's edition of Standard English Authors, the Educa-
tional Course, Chambers's Miscellany. Tracts, Papers for
the People, Ac. (See Men of the Time, Lon., 1853, to
which we are indebted for many of the above facts.) The
Select Writings of Robert Chambers have been pub. in 7
vols., the fii'st four of which contain his E.^says. In
1844 Mr. Robert Chambers pub. a work which claims a
far higher rank than any preceding comiiilation of the
same character. This was A Cyclopaedia of English Lite-
rature; A Critical and Biographical History of English
Writers in all departments of Literature, illustrated by
Specimens of their Writings, 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. It is
difficult to speak too highly of the merits of this compre-
hensive and judicious work. No less than 832 authors
are noticed, and the specimens presented of some of the
choicest treasures of English lore enable the reader to im-
prove his literary taste while he augments his biographical
knowledge. Researches of a similar character may per-
haps entitle us to give an opinion in the premises, and we
add our testimony to the value of this excellent work, and
commend it to the attention of every one who desires an
introduction to the English classics. It is well worth four
times the trifle which will place it in the reader's posses-
sion. In a few years after its appearance, 130,000 copies
were sold in England; and there has been a large sale of
the American reprint. New cd., with additions, 1858.
" From wliat I know of the literary reputation and writings of
Mr. Hubert Clianibers, I should be disappointed if he were not
qualitied for the task. . . . The work will put the reader in the
proper point of view for surveying the whole ground over which
he is travelling." — Wiluam II- I'rescott.
Information for the People, 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. Also
Amer. ed. Nearly 200.000 copies of this work have been
sold in Europe and America. Life and Works of Burns.
Domestic Annals of Scotland, 1858, 2 vols, demy Svo.
William Chambers is the authnr of A Tour in Holland in
1833; Things as They Are in America; Peebles and its
Neighbourhood : Improved Dwelling-Houses for the Hum-
bler and Other Classes in Cities; American Slavery, &,q.
We beg to add upon our own account, that no father of
a family, or director of a Li)>rary Company, should be
satisfied until the whole of the Messrs. Chambers's publi-
cations are procured. We commend to the attention of
the reader an excellent article in the Dublin University
Magazine, entitled William and Robert Chambers, in
which the interesting history of the brothers is sketched
with a graphic pencil. They are well described as
" Both of tbt-m men of remarkable native power, both of them
trained to habits of business and punctuality, both of them up-
held in all their dealinf^s by strict prud<.'nce and conscientiousness,
and both of them practised, according to their different aims and
tendencies, in literary labour."
'Oluch of Robert Chambers's leisure time has been devoted to
scientific pursuits, and especially to geology, — the result of which
has been given to the public in a handsomely-illustrated volume,
entitled Ancient Sea-Margins as illustrative of Changes of the
Rblative Level rf Sea and Land.''
It was a noble resolve announced by William Chambers
in the opening address of the Edinburgh Journal:
'■I see the straight path of moral responsibility before me, and
shall, by the blessing of God, adhere to the line of rectitude and
duty."'
Chambers, Sir William, 1726-1706, an eminent
architect, of Scottish parentage — of the family of Chal-
mers, of Scotland, Barons of Tartas in France — was
born at Stockholm, but sent to England when two years
of age. He pub, two volumes of Designs, Ac, 1757, '63,
fol. ; a Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, 1774, 4to; and
a Treatise on Civil Architecture, 1759, fob; 4th edit.,
edited by Joseph Gwilt, 1825, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Mr. Pap-
worth also has edited this work.
"The most sensible book, and the most exempt from prejudices,
that ever was written upon that science." — Horace Walpole.
The ITeroic Epistle to Sir William Chaml)er9, attributed
to Mason, excited much attention at the time of its publi-
cation.
365
CHA
CHA
Chambre, Richard. Sermons, 1710, '11.
Chambre, Rowland. Sevmon, 1759, 4to.
Chambre, Willelmus de. Historia de Episcopis
Dunelmensis, ab anno i;i33 ad annum 1559, cum notis
Hen. Wharton. Vide Wharton's Anglia Sacra, (i. 6S9,)
Lon., 1691, 2 vols. fol.
Chambres, Charles. Sermons, 1715, '22, '29, '33.
Chamier, Frederick, Captain, R.N., b. at Londoa
in 1796, has written a number of very popular works,
which have been complimented by a translation into Ger-
man. The Life of a Sailor, 1S34. Ben Brace, 1S35. The
Arethusa, 1S36. Jack Adams, 1S38. Tom Bowline, 1839.
"One of the most characteristic, spirited, and entertaininf; illus-
trations of sea life that our recent literature has furnished." —
Xfaval and ilUilary Gantic.
*' The Kaval Sketches of Chamier are truths touched slightly by
the fingers of fiction." — ALL.i.N Cunningham.
Trevor Hastings, 1841. Passion and Principle, 1843.
Other works. Captain Chamier was in Paris during the
Revolution of 1848, and pub. a Review of the scenes wit-
nessed by him, in 2 vols. 8vo.
*' A graphic, most excitiug sketch, overflowing with incident
and anecdote." — Lon. Atlas.
'• Much as we have heard about tbe French Revolution, this
dashing account from the pen of an eye-witness of no common
talent or powers of description, will gratify no small share of pub-
lie curiosity." — Lrm. Literary Gazette.
Chamier, John. Weather at Madras, 1787-88.
Champney, Anthony. Vocation of Bishops, Douay,
1616, 4to.
Champion, Anthony, 1724-25-1801, educated at
St. Mary Hall, O.vford, served in two Parliaments, 1754
and 1761. A collection of his Miscellanies in Prose and
Verse, English and Latin, was pub. by his friend William
Henry, Lord Lyttleton, in 1801, 8vo.
'■ From his ^liscellanjes it is discernible that he was a polite
scholar, and had many qualities of a poet, but not unmixed with
a love for those disgusting images in which Swift delighted."
Champion, J. The Progress of Freedom ; a Poem,
Lon., 1776, 4lo. Poems imitated from the Persian, 1787,
4to. The Poems of Ferdosi ; trans, from the Persian,
1788, 4to; 1799.
" Ferdosi is the Homer, and the Shah Nameh the Iliad, of
Persia."
Champion, Joseph, b. 1709. at Chatham, was a
celel>rated penman. He pub. a number of manuals upon
penmanship. 1733-60.
Champion, Richard. Reflections on G. Britain,
1787. Svo : its political, commercial, and civil state.
Champlin, James Tift, b. 1811, in Connecticut.
Gr.iil. Brown Univ. 1834; Prof. Langunpes Waterville
Coll. ; a distinguished classical scholar. English Gram-
mar. Greek Grammar. Translated and remodelled
Kiihner's Latin Grammar; Kiihner's Latin Exercises.
Editor of Demosthenes on the Crown ; .^schines on the
Crown : Popular Orations of Demosthenes. Review of
Grote's Greece, &c.
Champney, or Champneis, John. Tbe Harvest,
(fee. 1548. 4to ; a religious work.
Champney, T. Medical and Chirurgical Reform,
1797. Svo.
Chance, Henry. A Treatise on Powers, Lon., 1831,
2 vols. 8vo. Suppl., bringing the Enactments and Cases
down to 1841; 1841, 8vo.
" It is profound, learned, and practical, more full than Sir E.
Sugden's work upon the same subject: and. perhaps, in some in-
stances, unnecessarily diffu.se." — MarvWs Legal Bibl.
Chancel, A. D. Journey over Europe, Lon., 1714. Svo.
Chancy, Charles. His Retraction, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Chandler. Debates H. of Lords, 1660-1741. Lon.,1752,
8 vols. ; in H. of Commons, 1660-1741 ; 1752. 14 vols.
Chandler, B., M.D. Med. Essays, 1767, '84, Svo.
Chandler, Renjamin. 1. Essay. 2. Apology, 1714,
2 vols. Svo.
Chandler, Caroline H., a native of Philadelphia,
formerly Miss Hieskill, has contributed some poetical pieces
to the periodicals.
"They evince a warm and impassioned temperament, ardent
feelings, aud great poetic sensibility." — Mrs. Hale's }^imans lieeord.
Chandler, Edward, D.D., d. 1750; educated at
Emanuel College, Cambridge; Bishop of Lichfield. 1717;
of Durham, 1730. Sermons pub. separately, 1707, '10, '15,
'16, 'IS, '24; a Charge, &c. Defence of Christianity, from
the Prophecies of the Old and New Testament ; wherein
are considered all the olijcctions against this kind of proof,
advanced in a late Disctuirse on the grounds and reasons
of the Christian Religion, [by Anthony Collins.] Lon.,
1725. Svo.
" X very elaborate and learned work, executed with great judg-
ment."— Da. LEL-iND.
A Vindication of the above work, 1728, 2 vols. 12mo.
Chandler, Elizabeth M., 1807-1834, a native of
Debiware. Poetical Works and Essays, with a Memoir of
her Life and Character. Philadelphia, 1836. Many of Miss
C.'s Essays are of a philanthropic character.
Chandler, Ellen Louise, b. 1835, a native of Pom-
fret, Connecticut, commenced contributing to periodicals
when only fifteen years of age. Her first volume. This,
That, and the Other, was pub. in May, 1854, and a 2d edi-
tion followed in the ensuing August. See Hart's Female
Prose Writers of America.
Chandler, George, Surgeon. Treatise on a Cataract,
Lon.. 175.i, Svo. Trent, on Diseases of the Eye, 1780, Svo.
Chandler, George, LL.D., of iSoutbam. Eight Ser-
mons at the Bampton Lecture, 1825, O.xf., 1825.
Chandler, Henry. Sermons, 1699, 1718, Svo.
Chandler, John. Proceeds, agst. Quakers, 1662, 4to.
Chandler, John. The Small-Po.\, Lon., 1729, Svo.
Chandler, John. A Treatise on a Cold, 1761, Svo.
Chandler, John. Coasting Directions, 1778, 4to.
Chandler, John. Sir Herljcrt; a Ballad, ISOO, Svo.
Chandler, John. Hymns and Sermon, 1837, '39.
Chandler, Joseph R., b. 1792, Kingston, Plymouth
CO., Mass., for many years a resident of Philadelpbia, and
formerly its representative in the National Congress, is a
writer of no ordinary merit. As editor of the LTnited States
Gazette, he wrote many miscellaneous essays, which elicited
general admiration. 1. A Grammar of the English Lan-
guage, Phila., 1821, 12mo, pp. ISO; revised ed., 1847,
12mo, pp. 208. 2. Address before the Pennsylvania Peace
Society, 1829, Svo. 3. Masonic Discourses, 1844, Svo:
delivered whilst Grand-Master of Pennsylvania. 4. Ora-
tion before the Society of the Sons of New England in
1845, Svo, 1846. 5. Address before the Franklin Insti-
tute, [Phila..] 1847, Svo. 6. Address at the Girard Col-
lege in 1848. 7. Social Duties; an Address before the
" Girard Brotherhood" of the (iir.ard College, 1855, Svo.
8. Fourth Celebration of the Landing of the Pilgrims of
Maryland ; an Oration, 1855, Svo. Also, Speeches de-
livered in Congress, pub. separately.
Chandler, Mary, 1687-1745, a native of Wiltshire,
resided at Bath. Poems, Svo ; several edits.
"Mr. I'ope visited her at Bath, and complimented her for her
poem on that place. . . . Mrs. Rowe was one of her particular
friends."
Chandler, Mary G. The Elements of Character, 16mo.
Chandler, Peleg W. The Bankrupt Law of the
United States, Bost. 1842, 12mo. American Criminal
Trials, Bost., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo.
Chandler, Richard, D.D., 1738-1810, a native of
Hampshire, entered of Queen's College, 0.\ford, in 1755,
was sent by the Dilettanti Society in 1764 to travel in Asia
Minor and Greece, in company with Revett, the architect,
.and Pars, the painter. They returned to England in 1766.
The results of their investigations were given to the world
by the Society in 1769, fol. ; vol. ii., edited by the Society,
1797, fol., 100 plates and vignettes. In 1774, fol., was
pub. Inscriptioncs Antiquce, Ac, which should accompany
Grutcr's work. Travels in Asia Minor, 1775. 4to; and in
Greece, 1776, 4to, .and in 1817, 2 vols. 4to; and (with a
Life of Dr. C.) by Rev. R. Churton, 1835, 2 vols. Svcf; in
French, Paris, 1806.
" These are valuable travels to the antiquarian. The author,
guided by Pausanias (as respects Greece, Sfrabo for that country
and Asia Minor.) and Pliny, has described with wonderful accuracy
and perspicuity the ruins of the cities of Asia Minor, its temples,
theatres, Ac.'' — Slnensem's Hist. 5AWc/i nf Discoverv.N. and C.
History of Illiuin or Troy, 1802, 4to. In 1763 he edited
the Marmora Oxoniensia, Oxf., fol. ; and left in MS. a Life
of William Waynllete, which was pub. in 1811, Svo.
Chandler, Samuel. Tbcolog. Discourses,&c.,1691,'99.
Chandler, Samuel, D.D., 1693-1756, an eminent
Dissenting minister, a native of Berkshire, was educated
at an academy at Tewkesbury, and completed his studios
at Leyden. In 1716 he took charge of a Presbyterian
congregation at Peckham. Having lost his fortune, ho
opened a book-store in London, still discharging his minis-
terial duties. He was highly esteemed through life for bis
learning and piety. Of his many publications, 1722-77,
we notice the following: A Vindication of the Christian
Religion; in two parts, Lon., 1728, Svo. The first part
contains a Discourse on Miracles, the 2d an answer to
Tindal's Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons of the
Christian Religion. Plain Reasons for being a Christian,
1730, Svo. A Paraphrase and Crit, Comment, on Joel,
1735. 4to.
" The criticism is not of a high order, and many important diffl-
culticsiu .loci remain untouched." — Obme.
" Critical and illustrative."— BiCKHislElll.
CHA
CHA
Br. C. projected a commentary iipnn each of the prn-
phetieal liouks. A Vindication of the Hist, of the Old Testa-
ment. 1741, 8vo. This was an answer to Morgan's Moral
Philosopher. A Critical History of the Life of David,
1766, 2 vols. Svo. (The Review of the History of the Man
after God's own Heart was puh. in 1762.)
"This very learned and valuable work contains a successful
vindication of many parts of David's condnct to which fxceptions
have been taken by skeptics and unbelievers. It throws great
lio-ht also upon many of thu Psalms, not a few of which are here
presented to the reader in a new and iniproved translation." — Dr.
E. Williams.
"Chandler's Life of David is more critical and sober in judgment
than Delany's; but the latter has finer thoughts and more taste.
Chandler too much palliates David's crimes." — Bickebsteth.
'■ It is the most valuable of all Chandler's productions, abound-
ing with solid learning, accurate research, and many important
and original views. ... It is very far superior to the work of
Delany on the same subject." — Orme : q. v. fur the cause of its pub-
lication.
'• A book above all praise. It was occasioned by the publication,
in 17fi2. of a vile and blasphemous tract entitled The History of
the Man after God's own Heart. Dr. Chandler has illustrated many
of the Psalms in an admirable manner." — Horne,
Sermons, from his MSS. ; with Life, &c. hy Amory,
1768. 4 vols. Svo.
*• A vein of goodness and rational piety pervades the whole." —
Xo7i. Critical Review.
" His practical discourses are excellent: there is such a fulness
of thought upon every subject which Dr. Chandler treats as is
rarely met with and shows a mind richly furnished." — Lou. Month.
Mev.
Mr. White pub. in 1777, 4to, from Dr. C.'s MSS., his
Paraphrase and Not«s on the Epistles to the Galatians
and Ephesians, with a Orit. and Prac. Comment, on the
Epistles to the Thessalonians.
"The author adheres most closely and constantly to the spirit
of the original," Ac. — White.
" Dr. Chandler's sentiments were too incorrect on some im-
portant subjects to leave him capable of doing full justice to Paul's
Epistles. He was an Arian, — the effects of which appear in the
unnatural coldness of his style on some of those topics which
warmed and elevated the souls of holy men of old, as well aa in
his perverted interpretations of various passages." — Orme.
See Home's Introduc. ; and Lon. Monthly Rev., O.S.,
Ivi. 161.
"He was not a man of strictly evangelical views; but he pos-
sessed great learning, very strong sensf, iiilli.'xiMt.' resolution, and
was a zealous advocate of diviue rev*-littinii. His four volumes of
Sermons are well worth reading." — Dr. E. Williams.
Chandler, Thomas. Vitre Will. Wickhami, Episc.
Winti.ini, et Thuma' de Beckintoua, Episc. Bath et Walleus.
Vide Wharton, p. 355.
Chandler^ Thomas B., d. 1790, aged 64, a native
of Connecticut, was an eminent Episcopalian minister. He
wrote several works in favour of the Episcopal Church, a
sermon, <fec.. puh. 1767-1805.
Chandler, William. Sermon, Lon., 1682, 4to.
Chaiiler, Isaac, 17U1-1749. Sermons, Ac, 1704.
Channel, Elinor. A Message from God to the Pro-
tectt)r, 1651).
Channing, Edward Tyrrel, LL.D., 1790-1856,
brother of Dr. Wm. EUery Chanuing. and Walter Chan-
ning, M.D., (7.''..) Prof, of Rhetoric and Oratory in Ha»-
vard College from 1819 to '61, — "where the exactness of
his instruction, his cultivated taste, and his highly-disci-
plined mental powers gave him an eminent reputation
with his pupils." He edited vols. vii.. viii., and ix. of the
,N. American Review, and contrihuted many articles to
Buhsequent volumes of that journal. He is the author of
the Life of his grandfather, William Ellery, in Sparks's
Amer. Biog. ; and in 1856 was puh. his Lectures read he-
fore the Seniors of Harvard College, with a Biographical
Notice by R. H. Dana, Jr.. Bost., 12mo.
Channing, John. De Variolis et Morbillis, Arabice
et Latine, cum aliis nonuullis ejusdem argument!, Lon.,
irCfi, 8vo.
Chanuing, Walter, M.D., b. 1786, at Newport, R.L,
son of Wm. Channing, a distinguished lawyer, and grand-
son of Wm. Ellery, who was a member of Congress 1776-
86 and one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. His grandfather and father held offices under
commissions from Gen. Washington. He is a brother of
Wm. Ellery Channing. Educated at Harvard Coll., and
grad. M.D. at the Univ. of Penna., having studied in the
office of Prof. Barton, of Phila. Prof, of Midwifery and
Medical Jurisprudence at the Univ. of Cambridge. 1.
Address on the Prevention of Pauperism, 184.'^, 12mo. 2.
Treatise on Etherization in Childbirth ; illustrated by 581
cases, Bost., 1S48, r. 8vo, pp. 400. 3. Professional Remi-
niscences of Foreign Travel, 8vo. 4. New and Old, I80I,
12mo. 5. A Physician's Vacation ; or. A Summer in
Europe, 1866, Svo, pp, 564. Dr. C. is the author of
many valuable tracts, essays, and discourses on medical
subjects.
Channing,William Ellery, D.D., 1780-1842, b. at
Nowjiort, brother of the preceding, was entered of Harvard
College when fourteen years of age, and graduated with
distinction in 1798. After leaving college he resided for
some time as a private tutor in a family in Virginia. Se-
lecting the ministry as his profession, he was ordained in
June, 1803, and assumed the charge of a cliurch in Federal
Street, Boston. At the ordination of the Rev. Jared Sjiarks
in Baltimore, 1819, he preached a sermon on the Unitarian
belief, which elicited responses from a number of the advo-
cates of the Trinity. In 1823 he pub. an Essay on Na-
tional Literature, and in 1826 (in the Christian Examiner)
Remarks on the Character and Writings of John Milton.
He had now gained an extensive reputation as a literary
man, which was confirmed and strengthened by his subse-
quent productions, — of which may be mentioned his Re-
marks on the Character and Writings of Feuelon, (Chris-
tian Examiner, 1829:) Address on Self-Culture, 1838; a
work in opposition to Negro Slavery, 1835; and Discourses
on the Evidences of Revealed Religion. IHs last public
address was delivered at Lenox, Massachusetts, August 1,
1S42. (two months before his decease,) in commemoration
of Emancipation in the British West Indies. See Gris-
wold's Prose Writers of America.
The first collected Amer. ed. of his works was pub. in Bos-
ton in 1841, 5 vols. 12mo; 6th ed.. 1846, 6vols. 12mo; Lon.,
1845, 6 vols. Svo, (edited by Joseph Barker;) last Lon. ed.,
1855, cr. Svo. The Essay on Milton was reviewed with
much severity by Lord Macaulny, (Edin. Rev., Ixix. 214;)
but Dr. Channing's literary abilities have been estimated
highly by many critics on both sides of the Atlantic.
" He looks through the external furniB of things in search of the
secret and mysterious principles of thought, action, and being,
lie takes little notice of the varieties of manner and character that
form the favouiite topics of tlie novelist and poet. Mind in the
abstract, its nature, properties, and destiny, are his constant theme.
He looks at material objects chiefly as the visible expressions of
the existence, character, and will of the sublime Unseen Intelli-
gence whose power created and whose presence informs and sus-
tains the universe."— A. H. Everett : N. Amer. Rev., Oct- 1835, :J66.
Read Mr. Everett's comparison {supra) between Chan-
ning and Washington Irving. See also Wm. H. Prescott's
Miscellanies, 1855, 270.
"From the appearance of hie Disconrfe on the Evidences of
Christianity — a luminous exposition — till the lamented death of
this eminent man, the public expectation which bad been raised
so liigh by the character of his earliest performances was con-
tinually excited and fulfilled by the appearance of some new and
earnest expression of his thoughts on themes which come immedi-
ately home to men's business and bosoms, — religion, govcrnnifnt,
and literature in their widest sense and application." — Retrospect
of the Rcliffious Life of England, (by John James Tayler, B..\.)
"Channing is unquestionably the first writer of the age. From
liis writings may be extracted some of the richest poetry and
richest conceptions, clothed in language, unfortunately for our
literature, too little studied in the day in which we live." —
Eraser's Magazine.
" The thoughts that breathe and the words that burn abound in
his writings more than in those of any modern author with whom
we are acquainted. He seems to move and live in a pure and ele-
vated atmosphere of his own. from which he surveys the various
interests of society and pronounces on them a just and discrimi-
nating judgment." — India Gazette.
Other notices of Dr. Channing's writings will be found
in Westm. Rev., vols, x., xii., I., (by Rev. James Mar-
tineau ;) Edin. Rev., I., Ixix. ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Sen. xxiv.;
Lon. Month. Rev., cxv. ; Blackw. Mag., xviii. ; Eraser's
Mag., xvii., xvlii. ; Amer. Quar. Rev., xvi. ; Method.
Quar. Rev., ix., (by A. Stevens;) Mass. Quar. Rev., i. ;
Bost. Chris. Exam., iv., (by A. Norton,) xiv., (by 0.
Dewey,) xxviii., xxxiii., xlv., (by W. H. Furuess;) Bost.
Liv. Age, xix. ; N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., i., (by L.
Withington,) iii., (by E. Pond;) N. York Eclec. Mag., xv.;
Democrat. Rev., ix., xi., xii., (by George Bancroft;) South.
Lit. Mess., iv., vi., xv., (by H. T. Tuckerman ;) New Eng-
lander, viii.; Phila. Mus., xvi., xxxv.
Memoir of, with Extracts from his Correspondence and
Manuscripts; edited by his nephew, William Henry Chan-
ning, Boston, 1848, 3 vols. 12mo; Lon., 1850, 2vols. 12mo.
"This is a valuable contribution to literature. We recommend
it to all who take an interest in such subjects." — Lon. Athenseum.
" It is a work of high merit, and in many respects of deep inte-
rest."— Lon. Examinnr.
"Every page teems with thought." — Brit. Quar. Rev.
Channing, William EUery, nephew of the pre-
ceding, and son of Dr. Walter Chanuing. Poems: Ist Ser.,
Bost.. 1843 ; 2d Ser., 1847. Youth of the Poet and Painter:
a Series of Psychological Essays, pub. in The Dial, 1844.
Conversations in Rome : between an Artist, a Catholic, and
a Critic, 1847. The Woodman, and other Poems. 1849.
367
CIIA
CHA
"There ia much originality and a fine rein of reflection ia both
this author's prose and \erse."~Du>/cl'incJcs' Cyc.
Chaiiiiing, William Francis, M.D., son of Dr.
"William Ellery Channing, b. 1820, at Bogton. 1. Davis's
Manual of Magnetism, 1S41, 12mo. 2. Not«s on the Medical
Application of Electricity, Bost., 1S49, 12mo. 3. The Ame-
rican Fire- Alarm Telegraph; a Lect. before the Smithsonian
Institute, 1865. Contributed" to Silliman's Jour., &c.
Channing, William Henry, nephew of Dr. Wm.
Ellery Cbanning, and son of Francis Dana Channing,
graduated at Harvard College 1S29, and the Cambridge
Divinity School, 1833. 1. Memoirs of the Rev. James H.
Perkins, Bost., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Joutfroy's Intro-
duction to Ethics, including a Critical Survey of Moral
Systems ; translated for Mr. Ripley's Series of Specimens
of Foreign Literature, Bost., 1840. 3. Memoir of \yilliam
Ellery Chauning, with Extracts from his Correspondence
and Manuscripts, Bost., 1848, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. On the
Christian Church and Social Reform : see Brownson's
Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., iii. 209, 438, 5. With R. "W. Emer-
son and J. F. Clarke, Boston, Memoirs of Margaret Fuller
Ossoli : see Ossuli, Marchesa d'.
Chanlrell, Mary Ann. Poems, 1748, Svo.
Chapiii, Alonzo U., D.D., 1S08-1858, a native of
Somers, (.'onu. ; practised law six years ; entered the
ministry 1838. Classical Spelling-Book. Primitive Church,
1845. Gospel Truth. Puritanism not Protestantism, 1847.
Hist, of Glastonbury, 1853, 8vo. Author of many pamph-
lets on religious subjects. Contributed to Knickerbocker,
Chris. Spect., Amer. Quar. Rev.. N.T. Rev., Church Rev., Ac.
Chapin, E. H., D.D.. b. 1814, in the State of New
York ; a distinguished pulpit-orator. 1. Hours of Com-
munion. 2. Characters in the Gospels. 3. Discourses on
the Lord's Prayer. 4. Crown of Thorns. 5. Token for the
Sorrowing. 6. Moral Aspects of City Life. 1853. 7. Hu-
manity in the City, 1854. 8. Christianity the Perfection
of True Manliness, 1855, 12mo. Other works.
Chapin, Walter. Missionary Gazetteer, 1825, 12mo.
Chapin, Wm. Gazetteer U. States, N.Y., 1839, 12mo.
Chaplin, Daniel, of Mass. Sermons, 1802-08.
Chaplin, Ebenezer, ofMass. Serras., <tc.. 1772-1802.
Chaplin, Mrs. Jane D., b. in Mass. The Convent
and the Manse. 12mo. Green Leaves from Oakwood, 18rao.
Chaplin, Rev. Jeremiah, b. 1813. in Mass. Even-
ings of Life, 12mo. Riches of Bunyan, 12mo, &c.
Chaplin, William. Sermons. 1820, '2fi, Svo.
Chapman, Sermons, Oxf., 1790, 2 vols. Svo.
Chapman, Alex, Sermon, Lon., 1010.
Chapman, Edmnnd, Surg. Med. treatises, 1737, '59.
Chapman, Kdw. Materia Medica, Edin., 1850, 12mo.
Chapman, Rev. F. W, The Chapman Family:
The Descendants of Robert Chapman, of Saybrook, Conn.,
Hartford. 1854, Svo.
Chapman, George, 1557-1634. supposed to have
been a native of Kent, was entered when 17 of Trinity
College, Oxford, where he was distinguished for his know-
ledge of the Greek and Latin authors. On leaving college
he cultivated a friendship with Shakspeare, Spenser, Da-
niel, and other eminent poets of tho day. His first pub-
lication was Ovid's Banquet of Sauce, 1595, 4tn, to which
was added The Amorous Contention of Phillis and Flora.
After this he pub. many poetical and dramatic pieces of
greater or less merit, for a detailed account of which we
must refer the reader to Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; War-
ton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Lang-
baine's Dramatick Poets; and the Retrospective Review,
■/ols. iv. and v., 1821-22. He is now best known by his
.rauslation of Homer, — the first into English. He pub. in
1596, 4to, The Shield of Achilles; and in the same year
.'even books of the Hiad appeared. The entire transla-
vion, with comments, followed, printed by N. Butter, in a
folio without date, supposed to bo about 1600. This
translation has elicited warm commendation and censure
equally decided. Waller, Dr. Johnson. Godwin, Hallam,
Lamb, and Coleridge are among his admirers. Pope, whilst
admitting his defects, considers that he covers them by
"A d.iring, fiery spirit, that animates his translation, which is
somethiii;; like wliat one might imagine Homer himself to have
written before he arrived at years of discretion."
The seholars of Chapman's day were greatly delighted
with wh;it they looked upon as a credit to tho brotherhood :
'• At which time Chapman was highly celebrated among scholars
for his hrave hiiig^iage in that translation. I mean of those Iliads
that aro translated into teeter ad ecca syllabous, or lines of fourteen
eyllables." — Athe.n. Oxon.
'• He has by no means represented the dignity or the simplicity
of Uonier. He ia sometimes paraplirastic and redundant, biit
more frequently retrenclies or impoverishes what he could not feel
and express. In the mean time, ho labours with the inconvenience
36S
of an awkward, inharmonious, and nnheroic measure, imposed by
custom, but disgustful to modern ears. Yet he is not always with-
out strength or ppirit. He has enriched our language with many
C'linp.iiind ■■pitliets, so much in the manner of Honn.T. such as the
silvfr^jiiiA-d Tln'tis, the silver-throyied Juno, the triple-feathered
beinu', tlie fn't/h-iralleil Thebea, the /air-haired hoy, the xih'er-Jlow-
ni'j MiiOiis. tlif hiifjeJy-penpled towns, tlie Grecians navii-bound, the
stroiig-wuiijol lance, and many more which might be collected." —
Warton''s Hist, of English Poetry.
The Rev. R. Hooper haS;pub. new eds., with Notes, Ac,
of translations by Chapman, viz. : — Homer's Hiads, with
Life of Chapman, 1857, 2 vols.; Homer's Odysseys, 1857,
2 vols. ; Homer's Batrachomyomachia, Hyiuns, and Epi-
grams. Hesiod's Works and Days, Musaeus's Hero and
Leander, and Jurenal's Fifth Satire, 1858, 1 vol.
Eastward-Ho — the joint production of Chapman, Ben
Jonson, Marston, and Martin — was pub. in 1605, 4to. We
notice it especially in order to give an amusing specimen
of Langbaine's deference to "rare Ben:"
" I can give liim no greater commendation than that he was bo
intimate with the famous Johnson [sic] as to engage in a Triimi-
virate with Him and Marston in a Phiy called ikistward-Ho, — a
Favour which the haughty Ben could seldome be perswaded to."—
DramaticJc J\iets.
The reflection upon the Scots got the authors into trou-
ble. In 1611 appeared his May-Day, a wittie Comedy, in
which ''a man of the highest literary taste for the pieces
in vogue is characterized"' as "one that has read Marcus
Aurelius. Gesta Romanorum, the Mirrour of Magistrates,
&c." Am'ing Chapman's other works were Bussy d'Am-
bois. The Widow's Tears, a version of the Odyssey, of the
Batrachomyomachia, and the Hymns and Epigrams, a
trans, of Musaeus, 1616. and the Georgicks of Hesiod, 1619.
Warton remarks that his eighteen plays,
" Although now forgotten, must have contributed in no incon-
siderable degree to enrich and advance the Enghsh stage."— //is*.
of Emjlish I'oetry.
"Webster, his fellow-dramatist, praises his full and heightened
Btjde, — a character winch he does not deserve in any favourable
sense; for his diction is chiefly marked by barbarous ruggedness,
false elevation, and extravagant metaphor. Tlip dnuna owes him
very little: his Bussy d'Ambois is a piece of frigid atrocity; and
in 'The Widow's Tears,' where his heroine Cynthia falls in love
with a sentinel guarding the corpse of her husband, whom she
was bitterly lamenting, he has dramatized one of the most puerile
and disgusting legends ever fabricated for tlie disparagement of
female cnnstancy." — Campbell : Lives of the Poets.
Chapman, George, 172:-.-lS06. a Scottish school-
master. Treatise on Education, Edin.. 1773, 8vo ; many
edits. Hints on Education, &c. Advantages of a Classical
Education, &c. Abridgment of Ruddiman's Rudiments
and Latin Grammar. East India Tracts, Ac, 1805, 12mo.
Chapman, George T. Sermons on the Episcopal
Church. isi^S; 3d ed., ISU. 12rao. Do. to Presbyterians.
Chapman, H. T. I.Atlas of Surgical Apparatus, Lon.,
4lo; text, , Svo. 2. Ulcers of the Legi 1848, p. 8vo. 3. Vari-
cose Veins. 1856, p, 8vo.
Chapman, Henry. Thermce Rediviva: the City of
Bath Described. L-m.. 1673. 4to.
Chapman, Isaac. Hist, of Wyoming, 1830, 12mo.
Chapman, James. Tho Orator, &c., 1804-13.
Chapman, Jane Frances. King Eric and the Out-
Iaw.s ; troui the Danish of Ingemaun. 3 vols. p. Svo.
Chapman, John, 1704-1784, educated at Eton and at
King's College, Cambridge. Archdeacon of Sudbury, 1741,
pub. several classical and theological works. An Answer
to Collins, Cantab., 1728, 8vo. Remarks on MiJdleton's
Celebrated Letter to Dr. Waterland, 1731. Eusebius :
against Morgan and Tindal, 1739, 8vo. Sermons, 1739,
'43. '48, '52. De iEtate Ciceronis Librorum do Legibus,
1744. Chapman was a close student of Cicero : he gained
great credit by his position that the illustrious orator pub.
two edits, of his Academics ; and he corrected Middleton in
some errors which he had committed. Letter to Dr. Middle-
ton, 1744. A Charge. 1746. Miscellaneous Tracts relating
to Antiquity, with Addits., 1743, 8vo. A View of the Ex-
pediency and Credibility of Miraculous Powers among the
Primitive Christians after the Decease of the Apttstlcs,
1752, 4to. His Case against Dr. Richardson, f(d. Middle-
ton attacked his Charge to the Clergy. See Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes, and Bishop Warburton's Correspondence.
Chapman, John, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med.,
171HI : Mc.l. and Phys. Jour., 1800.
Chapman, John, editor of the Westminster Review.
Characteristics of Men of Genius; selected chiefly from
the North American Review, Lon., 1847, 2 vols. Svo.
"They are essays which wnuld do honour to thu literature of
any country." — Westminster Hevicw.
Other publications.
Chapman, John. The Cotton and Commerce of
India Con.sidcred, Lon., 1851, Svo. Various articles in
the London quarterlies.
CHA
Chapman, J. G., of New York. American Draw- I
m<;-Book, N. York, 4to : originally pub. in numbers.
'• It is the best work of its claaa that I have ever eeen. Clear <
and simple in its luutliod. it adapts itself to every degree of capa-
city and insures most siitisfactory results to all." — A. B. Ddrand,
Esq., Presifhmt of the National Academy of Design.
The Amateur's Drawing Manual, and Basis of Study
for the Professional Artist, 1858, 4to.
'•This American work, though occasionally verbose and re-
dundant, is one of the most comprehensive books of instruction
thiit has yet been published. It deals with ;irt in a workmanlike,
honest, wide, exhaustive way, and rises far bcyuiid tlie prettinesees
of dilettantism into the purer air where the Old Masters ait, high
and apart." — L^n. Athen., July 17, 1858.
Chapman, Nath., M.D., d. July 1, 1853. aged 74,
Prof, in Univ. of Penna., and Pres. of Amor. Philos. Soc. ;
an eminent physician of Philadelphia. Eruptive Fevers,
Phila., 8vo. Thoracic Viscera, 1844, 8vo. Lects. on Fevers,
Dropsy, Gout, Rheumatism, ic, 8vo. Elements of Thera-
peutics and Materia Medica, 2 vols. 8vo. Compendium of
his Lectures by Benedict. Dr. C. pub., in 1807-08, 5 vols.
8vo, Select Speeches, Forensick and Parliamentary, with
Prefatory Remarks. See Discourse on Dr. C, by S. Jack-
son, M.D., 1854. 8vo; Carpenter. Stephen Ctllen.
Chapman, Richard. Serms.. 1703, 04, 09.
Chapman, Richard. Greek Harmony, Lon., 1836,
4to. In this the arrangements of Newcome, Townsend,
and Grcswell arc incorporated, with Notes.
Chapman, Samuel, surgeon. Profess. Essays,
1751. '70.
Chapman, Samnel. Serms., 1815, 3 vols.
Chapman, Stephen. Serm., Oxf., 170.^, 4to.
Chapman, Thomas, D.D.. 1717-1760, Master of
Magdalen College, was educated at and Fellow of Christ
Church, Cambridge. Essay on the Roman Senate, Camb.,
1750, 8vo. He agrees with Dr. Middleton. Hooke takes
them hoth to tn.sk in his Observations, &q., 1758, 4to.
*■ Chapman died in the flower of his life and fortune. I knew
him formerly very well. lie was in his nature a vain and busy
man." — Bishop lIuriD.
Chapman, Thomas. Cyder-maker's Instructor,l757.
Chapman, VV. The Parriad, Lon.. 1788, 4to. This
was addressed to Dr. Parr upon "his elegant but illiberal
preface" to Bellenden.
Chapman, W. Serm., Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Chapman, William. Canal Navigation, 1797-1805.
Chapman, William. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1758;
distilling from Sea Water ; Fossil Bones of an Alligator.
Chapman, Sir William. Inventory of bis Lands,
Ac, 1721, fol. His Petition to the H. of Commons.
Chapone, Hester, 1727-1801, was a daughter of
Thomas Jlulso, Esq., of Twywell in Northamptonshire.
Her literary taste was developed at an early age; as it is
asserted that when only nine years old she composed a
romance entitled The Loves of Amoret and Melissa. At
the house of Samuel Richardson, the novelist, she met
with Mr. Chapone, a lawyer, to whom she was married in
1760. after a long engagement Mr. C. lived but ten
months after his marriage. She was the intimate friend
of Elizabeth Carter for more than fifty years, and had the
courage to argue with the redoubted Dr. Johnson. In
1753 she contributed to the Adventurer the story of Fide-
lia. See Nos. 77, 78, 79. "When Elizabeth Carter's trans,
of Epictetus was pub. in 1758, Mrs. Chapone prefixed an
ode to the work. Her letters on the Improvement of the
Mind, addressed to her niece, were pub. in 1773, 2 vols.
12mo, (and 1801, 8vo ,■) and two years later appeared the
Miscellanies in Prose and Verse ; many of these were the
compositions of her earlier days. Her Letter to a new-
married Lady was pub. in 1777, 12mo. Miss Mulso — for
she was then unmarried — contributed four billets in the
10th No. of the Rambler.
Johnson complains to Mrs. Thrale :
''You make verses, and they are read in public, and I know
nothing about them. This very crime, I think, broke the link of
amity bftween Rithardson and Miss M. [ulsoj after a tenderness
and confidence of many years." — April 18, 1780.
We have already referred to Dr. Johnson's letter to Mrs.
Chapone, giving his opinion of the Earl of Carlisle's Fa-
ther's Eevenge, {q. v.)
Her Posthumous Works, including Correspondence and
some pieces not before printed, were pub. in 1807, 2 vols.
12mo ; 2d edit, 1808. Her poetry has been much admired,
and the Letters on the Improvement of the Mind have
proved extensively useful.
** Although more than sixty years have elapsed since this work
was first published, its advice does not even yet appear anti-
quated: and is as well calculated to improve the risini^ generation
as it was to instruct the youth of their grandmothers." — Mas.
Elwood.
24
CIIA
Chappel, Bart. Garden of Prudence, Lon., 1595, 8vo.
''The commentators on .Shakspeare may add to their notes on
Romeo and Juliet that 'griping grief occurs more than once
among the metre." — RcstHuta, ii. 503. q. i\
This rare work is priced iu Bibl. Anglo-Poet, £25.
Chappel, R. Universal Arithmetic, Lon., 1793, 8to,
Chappel, Samuel. A Diamond, or Rich Jewel,
presented to the Commonwealth of England, Lon., 1650, 4 to.
Chappel, William, 1582-1649, a native of Notting-
hamshire, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge;
Dean of Cashel, 1633 ; Provost of Trinity College, Dub-
lin, 1637; Bishop of Cork, 1638. The persecution to
which he was subjected in Ireland obliged him to return
to England, where he died. Methodus Concionandi, Lou.,
1648, Svo. The Use of the Holy Scriptures, 1653, 8vo.
The Preacher, 1656, 12mo. Vita Seipso conscripta, et
edit, per Th. Heanie, Oxf., 1715, Svo. He is one of the
persons to whom the authorship of The Whole Duty of
Man has been ascribed :
'• 'Tis certain The "Whole Duty of Man was written by one who
suffered by the troubles in Ireland; and some lines in this piece
give great grounds to conjecture that Bishop Chappel was the au-
thor."— Bealpr6 1Jf.LT/. See Peck's Desiderata.
This is hardly legal evidence.
Chappell, Edward, Lt. R.N. Voyage to Hudson's
Bay, Lon., 1817, Svo.
" He might just as well have written his little volume on a voy-
age to the South Stras as to Hudson's Bay, for any thing nautical
which is to be found in it respecting this bay." — Lon. Qiiar. Rev.
Chappelou, John. An Essay to suppress the Pro-
fanation of the reverend name of God, in Vain Swearing,
Ac, Lon., 1721, Svo. An excellent theme. No profane
swearer should be tolerated in civilized, to say nothing of
Christian, society.
Chappelow, Leonard, 1683-1768. was educated at
St. John's College. Cambridge ; Fellow, 1717; succeeded
Simon Ockley as Arabic Professor at Cambridge. 1720.
He was presented with the livings of Great and Littlo
Hormead, Hertfordshire. An edit, of Spencer's De Legi-
bus Hebraeorum Ritualibus, 1727, 2 vols. fol. Elementa
Linguie Arabicse, <fec., 1730, Svo. The Traveller; an
Arabic Poem. Ac., 1758, 4:to. Two Sermons by Bishop
Bull. Ac, (c. Bull.) 1765, Svo. Six Assemblies, 1767, Svo.
A Commentary on the Book of Job, with the Hebrew te.xt,
English trans., and Paraphrase, Camb., 1752. 2 vols. 4to.
"Chappelow is a disciple of Schulten's, to whose learned work
he is indehted for much of his criticism. He thinks the bonk of
Job was oriiiinally composed in Arabic by Job himself, and after-
wards translated into Hebrew, and digested into its present form
by one of that nation." — Obm£.
Chappelow largely promoted the study of Oriental Litera-
ture in England. See Lon. Monthly Review. 0. S.. vol, vii.
Chappie, WilUani, d. 1781, compiled a History of
Exeter, pub. 1714, 2 vols. A Review of part of Risdon's
Hist, of Devon, Exeter, 1785. 4to. He contributed to the
Gent. Mag. and the Lady's Diary.
Chardin, Sir John, 1643-1713, a celebrated traveller,
a native of Paris, lived many years in England, where ho
died. He was knighted by Charles II. The last edit, of
his travels was pub. by M. L. Langles, Paris, 1811, 10 vols.
Svo, with an imp. fol. atlas. His travels through Persia
will be found in vol. ii. of Harris's Collection, and extracts
from them in vol. ix. of Pinkerton's Collection. In Harmer's
Observations on divers passages of Scripture, &c., 1764,
and 1776, are incorporated many of Sir John's MS. notes.
The lover of Travels should secure when possible that de-
lightful folio — The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia
and the East Indies, <fec., Lon., 1686 — which is, says an emi-
nent authority,
"The best account of Mahomedan nations ever published.'*—
Sir William Jones.
'"The feculty of seizing, by a rapid and comprehensive glance,
the character of a country and people, was possessed in the highest
degree by Chardin, and secures him an undisputed supremacy in
that department of literature." — Sir James Mackintosh.
" Ce voyage est un des plus interessants que Ton ait publies dans
le si6cle dernier." — Bruxet: Manuel da Librairet-tde V Amateur de
Livres. Voyez Bibliotheque Universelle des Voyages, par G. Boucher
de la Richarderie, iv. 4D0, Paris, 1808.
There is a monument in Westminster Abbey, to the me-
mory of Sir John Chardin, with only this inscription —
"NOMEN SIBI FECIT ELNDO."
Chardon, or Charldon, John, D.D., educated at
Exeter College, Oxford, was consecrated Bishop of Down
and Connor iu 1596. Serms. pub. at Lon. and Oxf., 1580,
'S6, '87, '95.
" A noted preacher, and wonderfully followed for his edifying
sermons." — Athai. Oxon,
Charfy, J, Fisherman; or the Art of Angling made
Easy, Lon., Svo.
" Of no value."— Lowndes.
CHA
Charier, B., D.D. Serm., Lon., 1606, 4to.
Charke, Charlotte, d. 1760, was the youngest dnngh-
ter of Colley Cibber. She separated from her worthless
husband, Eichard Charke, and appeared on the stage. Her
unha|>|iy temper led to a separation from Fleetwood, the
manager of Drury Lane Theatre, and she ridiculed him in
a dramatic piece entitled the Art of Management, or Tra-
gedy expelled, Lon., 17.35, Svo. It is said that Fleetwood
purchased and destroyed nearly the whole of this impres-
sion. The Lover's Treat; or Unnatural Hatred. Lon.. Svo.
The Hist, of Henry Dumont, &c. In 17S5 she pub. a Nar-
rative of her own Life, which presents a sad picture of im-
petuosity, recklessness, and distress.
Charke, Ezcchlel. Theolog. treatises, 1669, 4to.
Charke, William, a Puritan divine. Follow of Peter
House. Cambridge, in 1572, and expelled. Answer to a
pamphlet by a Jesuit, Lon., 1580, Svo. Other theolog. trea-
tises. 15S0, '81, Svo.
Charldoii, John, D.D. See Chardon.
Charlemont, James Caiilfield, Earl of, 172S-
1799, a distinguished Irish nobleman, left an unpublished
history of Italian poetry from Dante to Metastasio. Some
of his letters, with others addressed to Henry Flood, were
pub. in 1S20. 4to.
Charles I., King of England, b. Nov. 9, 1600,
executed Jan. 30, 1049. Two years alter the death of the
king ajtpeared Reliqniaa Sacra? Carolina^ ; or. The Works
of that Great Monarch and (llorious Martyr, King Charles
the First, both Civil and Sacred, juinted by Sam. Brown,
at the Hague, 1051, Svo. The Books, Speeches, Letters, &C.
of Charles I. were pub. Lon., 1601, 12mo; and the Works
of King Chailes the Martyr, with a Collecticm of Declara-
tions, Treatises, and other Papers, &c., appeared in 1664,
2 vols. fol. — lUhHotheca Reyia, bearing date 1689, Svo.
Horace Walpole considers that the greater part of the
above papers were the composition of his majesty, but
Isaac Reed, an abler critic, divides the Letters, Declara-
tions, and Messages between Lord Clarendon, Lord Falk-
land, and Sir John Colpepper. Indeed, it is impossible
to decide, of the numerous collections and separate papers
pub. in this volume, what the king did or did not write.
A copious list of these publications will be found in ^^'att's
Bib. Brit. The literary ability of the king is beyond
question. Sec Gadden, John. He did not confine him-
self to prose. The elegy written at Carisbrook Castle is
not devoid of merit, and an English version (Lon. 1655,
Svo) of Bishop Saunderson's Lectures de Juramenti pro-
missorii Obligatione affords us a specimen of his majesty's
skill as a translator. Whether meritorious or otherwise,
the king was not afraid to submit it to the criticism of
Bishop Juxon, Dr. Hammond, and Mr. Thomas Herbert.
But the most interesting literary question connected with
Charles I. is the authorship of EIKSIN BASlAllcH.
The Pourtraicture of his sacred Majestie in his solitudes
and sufferings.
This work, dated 1648, was pub. by Dr. Gauden imme-
diately after the execution of the monarch :
■^Had it appeared .a week sooner, it might have preserved the
king." — Malcolm LiiNG.
But Mr. Laing little knew what manner of spirit the re-
gicides were of, when he supposed that a book — or an Alex-
andrian library of books — would have been suflered to
stand between them and their victim ! The unlearned
reader must be informed that from that day to this it has
been a matter of vehement controversy — in which many
great and good men have warred high in strife — whether
Charles I. or Dr. Gauden wrote this most interesting hook.
So great indeed was the interest which it excited, that 47
editions — 48,000 copies — were speedily absorbed at home
and abroad. We have already alluded to the vexed ques-
tion of the authorship of this volume under Annesley, Ar-
thur, Earl of Anglesey, and there referred the reader to
our notice of Bishop Gauden. — which reference we repeat.
Charles II., King of England, 1630-1685,—
"the only genius of tlie Hue of Stnart, — was no author, unless wo
allow him to have composed the two simple papers found in his
stronn; box after his de.ath. But they are universally supposed to
have been given to him as a compendious excuse for his embracing
doctrines which he was too idle to examine, too thoughtless to re-
member, and too sensible to have believed on reflection." — WuJr
pok's If. t£ iV. AuOutrs.
Charles II. may still claim a place in the roll of authors
on the strength of the song,
'• I pass all my days in a ghatly old grove."
Sir ,Iohn Hawkins credits it to him, and Lord Orford
does not decide against it. See Appendix to Hawkins's
History of Music, v. 477; Park Walpole's R. & N. Authors;
a list of State Papers, Letters, and Speeches, pub. under
the name of Charles U., in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
370
CHA
Charles, James Edward, "The Young Chevalier."
Narrative of the Chevalier, Lon., 1765, Svo.
Charles, Joseph. History of the Transactions in
Seatl.aud. 1715-16, 1745-46, Sterling, 1817, 2 vols. Svo.
Charles;., Joseph. The Dispersion of the Men of
Babel Consi.lcred. Lon., 1769, 2 vols. Svo.
Charles, Richard, Surgeon. Ccmsumption, 178S,Svo.
Charlesworth, John. Practical Serms. abridged
from various authors, Newark, 1788-93, 3 vols. Svo. Serms.,
4e.. 1788-92.
Charlet, Arthur, D.D., Master of the University of
Oxford. Letter relative to the death of Anthony Wood.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708.
Charleton, George. Astrologomania, or the Mad-
ness of Astrologers, in answer to Sir C. Hevden, [q. v., and
also Chambers, George,] pub. by T. Vicars, D.D., Lon.,
1624, 4to. Theolog. treatises, 1615, '26.
Charleton, Rice, M.D. Bath Waters, 1754, '70, '75.
Charleton, or Charlton, Walter, M.D., 1619-1707
was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he was
noted for his attainments in logic and philosophy. Ho
was physician to Charles I., and to Charles II. during his
exile and after his Restoration. In 1689 he was chosen
President of the College of Physicians. He wrote and
compiled many learned professional and other works,
1650-SS, an .account of which will be found in Athen. Oxon.
Among the best known of these .are the following: The
Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light of Nature; a
Phisico-Theologicall Treatise, Lon., 1655, 4to. Epicurus
his Morals, collected out of Various Authors; with an
Apology for Epicurus, 1655, '56, '70, 4to. Chorea Gigan-
tum ; or. The Most Famous Antiquity of Great Britain, —
Stone-Henge, — standing on Salisbury Plam, referred to
the Danes, 1663, 4to.
Sir William Dugdale and many other eminent antiqua-
ries agreed with our author in depriving the Romans of
the credit of Stonc-Hcnge. Inigo Jones led the other
side. See Biog. Brit., and Athen. Oxon.
Two Philosophical Discourses; the first concerning the
Wits of Men ; the second concerning the Mystery of Vin-
ters, 1668, '76, '92, Svo.
'• This some have thought a little below the character of ourau-
thor, and inferior to his other writings.''
Yet there is much merit in the Discourse of the Wits of
Men. Three Anatomy Lectures Concerning, 1. The Motion
of the Blood through the veins and arteries. 2. The Or-
ganic Structure of the Heart. 3. The efficient cause of
the Heart's pulsation, 1683, 4to.
" It was in these lectures that he clearly and effectively refuted
the pretence that Dr. ILarvey had borrowed his doctrine of the
Circulation of the Blood from Father Paul of Venice." — Dr. Camp-
bell.
Charlotte, Elizabeth. See Tonna, Mrs.
Charlton, Charles. Excercitationes Pathologicse,
ic, Lon.. 1601, Ito.
Charlton, Lionel. Hist, of Whitby Abbey, 1779, 4to.
Charlton, Mary. Novels, Ac, 1797-1805.
Charlton, Judge Roberts!., of Savannah, Georgia,
d. 1854. Poems, Boston, 1838. Poems, New York, 1843.
The compositions of Judge C. have been greatly admired.
Charlton, Saniuel,"D.D. Sermon, 1714,'Svo.
Charlton, Judge Thomas, M.P., of Savannah,
Georgia. Reports and legal compilations, New York and
S.avannah. 1817-3S.
Charlton, M alter. See CnARLETON.
Charnock, John, 1756-1807, educated at Winchester,
and Merton College, Oxford. Biographia Navalis : Lives
and Characters of British Naval Officers, Lon., 1794-96,
6 vols. Svo. A History of Marine Architecture, 1800-02,
3 vols. 4to. This work should be studied by all interested
in the subject. Life of Lord Nelson, 1806. Other publi-
cations.
Charnock, Richard. Legal Compilations, 1837-45.
The Police Guide, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Charnock, Stephen, 1628-1680, a celebrated Non-
conformist divine, entered of Emanuel College, Cam-
bridge, removed to New College, Oxford, in 1649, and
obtained a Fellowship from the visitors appointed by Par-
liament. He subsequently preached for some time in
Ireland. Upon the Restoration he returned to London,
but was unwilling to conform, and preached in private
assemblies of the Nonconformists. He pub. only one ser-
mon, (in the Morning Exercises,) but after his decease two
vols, were ]mb. by Adams and Veel from his MSS., Lon.,
1682, 'S3, fol. Works, Lon., 1S15, 9 vols. Svo.
"tiaining [by his preaching] infinite love .and applause from
the brethren, wliob.'ld him to be a person of excellent parts, strone
reason, great j udgmcnt, and (which Jo not often go together) cut*
CHA
ous fiincy. ... Such .also as did not love his opinion did, notwith-
standing, commend him for his learning.'' — Atlif^7uOxmi.
" The sublimeness, variety, and rareness of the'truths handled,
to.:ether with the excellence of the composure, neatness of the
style, and whatever is wont to make any book desirable, all concur
in the recommendation of it, [Charnock on the Attributes.] It is
not a book to be played with or slept over, but read with the most
intense and serious interest." — .\Ti.\MS and Veel.
"His thou'ihts are often in disorder; he has no clear and dis-
tinct idea in many of the differences he makes."' — DR. Dopdridge.
" .None of the writintrs of Charnock are properly exegetical. and
yet they contain a considerable portion of scriptural interpretation,
mixed with the most important doctrinal and practical views. Ilis
style is generally chaste and easy; remarkably free of that verbo-
sity and clumsiness which .so generally belonged to the writers of
his class and period. 1 think Doddridge scarcely does justice to
Charnock — by representing his style as incorrect, and his thoughts
obscure and badly arranged. Mr. Toplady, on the contrary, eulo-
gizes his work on the Attributes in the strongest manner." — Ohme.
" Perspicuity and depth ; metaphysical sublimity and evfingelical
simplicity ; immense learning, but irrefragable reasoning, conspire
to render this performance one of the most inestimable productions
that ever did honour to the sanctilied judgment and genius of a
human being." — Toplaot.
'■ In Charnock you will find substantial divinity, and of the right
sort." — MaUier's Student.
"Charnock was a deep divine, rather than an elo<(uent writer.
He reasons well; but the connecting links of his chain are too
much neglected. His sentences have the cast of independent pro-
positions. Too much uniformity of style prevails, and vei-y seldom
any real pathos occurs : his sentences are also defective in the collo-
cation of the words; and often the terms are not well chosen."' —
Dr. E. Wii.li-\ms.
" I have not seen any .author who has exceeded, probably no one
who has equalled. Charnock on the Existence and Attributes of
God." — Criffith Williams.
" The best practical treatise the world ever saw in English upon
this subject.
" Charnock's works are full of force and oritrinality."
'■ Mr. Charnock with his masculine style aud inexhaustible vein
of thought." — IlERVEY.
'■ .4 deep searching, often sublime, and powerful writer." — BlCK-
ERSTETH.
Calamy and Ryland also highly commend our author.
After giving so many critics (14) an opportunity of being
hoard, we may perhaps be pardoned for giving our own
opinions: we have twice carefully studied every word of
the Discourses on the Attributes, and we consider the work
one of the greatest of uninspired compositions. We ad-
vise the reader, if he have it not, to procure it immediately,
and read it through once a twelvemonth for the rest of
his life.
Charnock, Thomas. The Breviary of Natur.al Phi-
losophy : r/./c Tlie;i.t. Clicm. per Asliraolc. His Enigmas ; ib.
Charrier, S. J. Chorographical works, 1781, &c,
C'harsley, W., M.D. An Essay to investigate the
Cause of the general Mortality of Fevers, Lon., 1783, 8vo.
Charters, Samuel, D.D., Minister of AVilton, Scot-
land. Scrms., Edin., 17SG, 2 vols. Svo ; a new edit., Edin.,
1816. 2 vols. Svo.
•' There is something in all the performances of Dr. Charters that
forcibly reminds us of the moral ess,ays of Lord Bacon. The reader
will tind in the Sermons before us a rich vein of originality and
just observation.'" — Edin. Christ. Instructor.
Discourse on the duty of making a Testament, Lon.,
17it4, Svo.
Chartham, "Will. Historiola de "Vlt-a Simonis Sud-
bury Archicp. Cant. ; vide Angl. Sacr. per Wharton, p. 49,
Lon , 1691.
Chase, Heber, M.D. Professional works, Phila.,
1836, &c.
Chase, P. E. Arithmetical works. Phila.
Chase, Philander, D.D., Senior Bishop of the P.
Episcopal Church of the United States, was born at Com-
i.sh, Connecticut, in 1775. He was abundant in labours,
indefatigable in zeal. Reminiscences, New York, 1844, 2
vols. Svo.
Chase, Samuel. Messiah's Advent, 1815, Svo. Anti-
nomianism Unmasked, 1S19, Svo.
'■ M.any good thoughts. The preface by Robert Hall very strik-
hig."" — BiCEERSTETH.
Highly commended by the Lon. Christian Observer.
Chase, Stephen, 1813-1851, a native of Chester, N.
IT. ; graduated at, and subsefjuently Prof, of Mathematics
in, Dartmouth College. A Treatise on Algebra, New York,
1849. 12mo.
■■ The terms of the science are explained with gre.at clearness,
and the rules are given with much precision. The work is one of
undoubted merit."
Contributions to several religious journals.
Chater, James. Grammar of the Cingalese Lan-
guage. Colombo, 1815, Svo.
Chater, Thomas. A Poetical Tribute to Cowper,
ISOO, Svo.
Chatfield, C. 1. View of the Hist, of the Darker
Ages. 2. Teutonic Antiquities, Lon., 1828, Svo.
CIIA
Chatfield, John. Triogonal Sector, Lon., 1680, 12mo.
Chatfield, Robert. Ilistoric;tl view of Hindostan,
Lon., I.SIIS, 4to.
Chatham, Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of,
170S-177S, was the second son of Robert Pitt of Boconnoo,
in Cornwall. After studying at Eton and Trinity Colleges,
Oxford, he obtained a cornetcy in the Blues. In 1736 he
was returned to Parliament as a member for Old Sarum.
Here his distinguished abilities and powers of oratory soon
attracted the eyes of the nation, and gained him that com-
manding position which he occupied for so many years to
the glory of England and the confusion of her enemies.
The name of this great man belongs to political, rather
than to literary, history, but we must be allowed to linger
for a few moments upon so suggestive a theme. We have
already given some interesting particulars connected with
Chath.am as an orator: see Bailey, Nathan; Barrow,
Isaac. The History of his Life, Lon., 1783, Svo. Aneo-
dotcs of his Life, 1792, 2 vols. 4to.
" A wretched publication of Almon the bookseller — a mere tissue
of fabsehood and absurdities." — Lowndks.
Letters written to his nephew, Thomas Pitt, afterwards
Lord Camelford, then at Cambridge, 1S04, 12mo. Tweniy-
thrce in number, and containing much valuable advice.
The Earl's opinion of the books recommended are inte-
resting to the student. The Letters were pub. by Lord
Grenville.
"What parent, anxious for the character and success of a son,
would not. in all that related to his education, gladly have re-
sorted to the advice of such a man?"' — Loan Grenville: Frefact
to Vtt LutUrs.
" Five speeches were written out from notes taken on the spot
by Sir Philip Francis and Mr. Hugh Boyd. One of them is said to
have been revised by Lord Chatham himself. These are the best
specimens we possess of his style and diction: and it would be
diflicult, in the whole range of our literature, to find more perfect
models fur the study and imitation of the young orator."— Good-
ri>Ws Select Britisli Elociuence. N. "i'ork, 185"2, </. i'. for eighteen of
Chatham's Speeches, and an admirable analysis of his eloquence.
History of the Earl of Chatham, by the Eev. Francis
Thackeray, A.M., Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 4to.
" BiOizraphers. translators, editors— all, in short, who employ
themselves in illustrating the lives or the writings of others, are pe-
culiarly exposed to the Lues Be'swetliaua, or disease of admiration.
But we scarcely remember to have seen a patient so far gone in
this distemper as Mr. Thackeray."— T. B. MACAULiY: Edinburgh
iflTOM, 1S.34.
ire must be careful to avoid the " Lces Boswelliana !"
But in our case "there is safely in numbers."
The reader must peruse Thackeray's quartos, and not
neglect the following valuable work :
Chatham Papers: Correspondence; from the original
MSS., Lon., 1838-40, 4 vols. Svo.
"There is hardly any man in modern times, with the exception,
perhaps, of Lord s'omers. who fills so large a space in our history,
and of whom we know so little, as Lord Chatham; and yet he Is
the person to whom every one would at once point, if desired to
name the greatest statesman and oiator that this country ever
produced. We regard this work, then, as one of the greatest
value: and hold the editors (of whom his gre.at-grandson and pei^
sonal representative is one) to have rendered a great service to the
memory of their illustrious ancestor, and to the public interests,
by determining to keep back no part of the precious documents
intrusted to their care." — Edin. lieview.
" Never did history offer more instructive lessons for present
guidance than are contained in this Correspondence."— i'jn. Litf-
rarji Gazelle. » jv i ■„
" Lord Chatham was the most powerful orator that ever illus-
trated and ruled the senate of this empire. For nearly half a cen-
tury he was not merely the arbiter of the destinies of his own
country, but ' the foremost man in all the world.' "—Lon. QuarUrly
Eei-iew. .
" .«ir. the venerable age of this great man. his merited rank, his
superior clof|uence. his splendid qu.alities. his eminent services,
the vast space he fills in the eves of mankind, and. more than all
the rest, his fall from power, which, like death, canonizes and sanc-
tities a great character, will not suffer me to censure any part of
his conduct. I am afraid to flatter him ; I am sure I am not dis-
posed to bkame him. Let those who have betrayed him by their
adulation insult him with their malevo!ence."—EDMUND Burke:
Speerl, on American Taxation. April 19. 1774. .... ,j
'■ Upon the whole, there was in this man something that could
create, subvert, or reform : an understanding, a spirit, and an elo-
quence to summon mankind to society, or to break the Ix-nds of
slavery asunder, and to rule the wilderness of free minds with un-
bounded authority : something that could establish or overwhelm
empire, and strike a blow in the world that should resound
through its histor)-."— Grattam. , , ., i j
Chatterton, Lady. Rambles in the South of Ireland,
Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. The Pyrenees, &c., 1843, 2 vols.
Svo. Home Sketches and Foreign Recollections, 1841,
3 vols. Svo : see Dubl. Univ. Mag., .xviii. 12. Good Match;
a Novel, 1839, 3 vols. Svo. Lost Happiness, 1845. Life
and its Realities, 1857. The Reigning Beauty, 1858.
Chatterton, Thomas, 1752-1780, a native of Bris-
tol, was the posthumous son of a schoolmaster. His an-
cestors had long held the office of sexton of St. Mary
371
CIIA
CIIA
RedclifiFe, and it was in the muniment room of this church
tbat he found the materials which he converted to the pur-
poses of imposture. He was so much indisposed to appli-
cation, that efforts to teach him the nlphahet were ahan-
doned as hopeless, and he was sent home to his mother.
"When eight years of afije the illuminated capitals of an
old French Musical MS. attracted his attention, and his
mother taught him to read from a Black-Letter Testament
or Bible. So early did he display a fondness for antiquity !
He was then admitted to Colston's charity school, where
he remained until he had passed his 14th year. He was
now apprenticed to a scrivener of Bristol, where he had
but litlle employment, and most of his time was devoted
to the perusal of works on antiquities, heraldry, and
joetry, not neglecting history and divinity. Before hia
12th year he had proiluced some poetry, which evinced
considerable talent. In 17G8, when the New Bridge at
Bristol was opened, a paper appeared iu Farley's Bristol
Journal, entitled " A Description of the Fryers first pass-
ing over the Old Bridge, taken from an Ancient Manu-
ecript." This excited much attention, and was traced to
Chatterton, who declared that this paper and many other
MSS. had been found by his father in an old iron chest in
the muniment room of the Church of St. Mary Kedcliffe.
He now distributed MSS. according to the tastes of those
to whom he sent them. A citizen addicted to Heraldry
was presented with a pedigree which carried his name up
to the Conquest; a religious gentleman was favoured with a
fragment of a sermon, and Mr. Burgum, an advocate of
the authenticity of the MSS., was rewarded by a poem en-
titled The Roraount of the Cnyghte, written by John de
Bergham, an ancestor, about four hundred and fifty years
before ! The principal part of these MSS. Chatterton dis-
covered— he said — to be the poetical compositions of W.
Canynge (a distinguished merchant of Bristol in the 15th
century) and his friend, Thomas Rowley, a monk or secu-
lar priest. Chattertuu was emboldened by his success
with Barret, a surgeon, then writing a History of Bristol,
Catcott, and others, to try his imposture upon Horace Wal-
pole, who had sometime before conipleled his Anecdotes
of Painters. He proposed (by letter) to furnish him with
accounts of a series of great painters who had flourished
at Bristol, and transmitted specimens of the nncient poetry.
Mr. Walpole submitted these to Gray and Mason, who im-
mediately declared them to be forgeries. "Walpole advif^ed
his correspondent to devote himself to the duties of his
profession in future. The poems were returned at Chat-
tertun's request, and he was very indignant at his adviser.
AValpole has been greatly, and, as we think, most unjustly,
blamed for his conduct in this afl'air. He drew up a state-
ment of the facts which should satisfy the most captious.
In April, 1770, having previously sent some antifiuarian
contributions to the Town and Country Magazine. Chatter-
ton arrived in London, and sought literary employment.
The young author — but seventeen years of age — was
greatly encouraged by some engagements with which he
was favoured by the booksellers, and sent home cheering
letters, accompanied with presents, to his mother and
sister. In a short time, however, this happy frame of
mind vanished : he became despondent, seems to have lost
all hopes of prosperity, and was found dead in his bed,
August 25, (four months after his arrival in London,) from
the eff^ects — as was supposed — of a dose of arsenic. There
has been much controversy wasted respecting the causes
which led to this sad event The oft-repeated complaint
that he was suffered to perish from irant of the necessaries
of life, is altogether erroneous. It is true that he had not
eaten any thing for two or three days before bis death ;
but it is also true that he refused with indignation Mrs.
Angel's (his landlady) invitation to participate in her
dinner, declaring that he was not hungry ; and it is also
true that Mr. Hamilton supplied him with money a short
time before his rash act. and invited him to apply to him
when again in need. The solution of the mystery attend-
ing his melancholy end is to us very plain ; if any man
was ever insane, Thomas Chatterton was. If any one
doubt this, let him read his Last Will and Testament,
penned before he left Bristol. We might say more upon
this subject, but our limits forbid excursions. That in-
sanity was in the family — developed in his own sister, in-
deed— is no secret. At the time of Chatterton's death he
wa-s aged 17 years, 9 months, and a few days.
Of these celebrated Poems the principal are The Tra-
gedy of Ella, The Execution of Sir Charles Bawdin, Ode
to Ella. The Battle of Hastings, The Tournament, One or
Two Dialogues, and a Description of Cannynge's Feast.
See a notice of these in Warton's History of English
372
Poetry. They were pub. by Thomas Tyrwhitt, in 1777,
Svo, and an animated controversy as to their authenticity
sprang up and raged for a long period. See list of publi-
eiCLTons in Lowndes's Bibl. Mauual, and the dissertations
of Warton, Campbell, Mathias, Gregory, Southey, &c. A
second edit., Svo, appeared iu the same year, (1777 ;) the
3d, in 1778, Svo; and a splendid 4to in 17S2, with a Com-
mentary, in which the Antiquity of them is considered
and defended, by Jeremiah Milles, D.D. A nmre completa
edit, was pub. in 1SU3, 3 vols. Svo, edited by Southey and
Cottle, (with a review by the former of the Rowley Con-
troversy,) and a Life by Gregory. Another edit, of Chat-
terton's works was pub. by H. G. Bohn, in 1842, 2 vols.
p. Svo, containing a Life, the Controversy, &c. To these
volumes the reader should add the Life of Chatterton by
John Dis, author of Lays of Home, Local Legends, &c.,
Lon., 1S37, fp. Svo; new ed. 1851. This volume contains
the poet's unpublished Poems and Correspondence.
'•Mr. Dix has most consistently come forward as the biographer
of Chatttrton. Himself a poet, he has successfully endeavoured
to renew an interest in the fate of one of Knj^'hind's greatest,
thou-ih most unfortunate, bards."' — L(m. Literary Gazette.
" This volume contains all that can be desired to be known re-
specting Chatterton.' — Lnn. EchcUc lie.viexo.
'•Mr. Dix has. in addition to what was before known, gathered
up ' all the fragments.' Uis biography is heart-touching." — IiEiuH
Hunt.
'^ The best Life of Chatterton."— r/;^ Symposium.
The genius of Chatterton was of the very first order, and
under the guidance of sound principles, and a well-regulated
mind, would have added greatly to the poetical treasures
— so rich and so abundant — of the English tongue.
"This youth w.ts a prodi^'v of genius; and would have proved
the first of English poets had he reached a mature age." — Thomas
Warton.
'■ Chatterton's was a genius like that of Homer and Shakspeare,
which appears not above once in many centuries." — VictSiMua
Knox.
"The inequality of Chatterton's various productions may be
compared to the disproportions of the ungrown giant. His works
had nothing of the detinite neatness of that precocious talent
which stops short in early maturity. His thirst for knowled-^e
was that of a being taught by instinct to lay up materials for the
exercise of gre;it and undeveloped powers. . . . Ko English poet
ever equalled him at the same age. Tasso alone can be compared
to him as a juvenile prodigy."— Thomas Campbell.
"The poems of Chatterton may be divided into two graml
classes— those ascribed to Rowley, and those which the bard of
Bristol avowed to be his own compo.'^ition. Of these classes the
former is incalculably superior to the latter in poetical powers
and diction.'" — Sir Walter Scott.
" Nothing in Chatterton can be separated from Chatterton. His
noblest flight, bis sweetest strains, his grossest ribaldry, and his
most common-place imitations of the productions of magazines,
were all the ellervescences of the same ungovernable impulse,
which, chiimeleou-like, imbibed the colours of all it looked on. It
was Ossian, or a Saxon monk, or Gray, or Smollett, or Junius;
and if it failed most iu what it most aftected to be.— a poet of the
fif'eenth century,— it was because it could not imitate what had
not existed.' — IIurace Walpole.
Warton well sums up the question of the authenticity
of the Rowley poems by demonstrating that
" However extraordinary it was for Chatterton to produce them
in the 18th L-entury, it was impossible that Kowley could have
written them in the fifteenth."
He also remarks :
" It will be asked. For what end or purpose did he contrive such
: an imposture? 1 answer, from lucrative views; or perhaps from
■ the pleasure of deceiving the world, a motive which, in many
\ minds, operates more powerfully than the hopes of gain. He pro-
' bably promised to himself greater emnluments from this indirect
I mode of exercising his abilities : or he might have sacrificed even
I the vanity of appearing in the character of an applauded original
' author, to the private enjoyment of the success of his invention
, and dexterity."— i/is?ory o/£rm//(V' Poetjy.
I "Nothing can be more extraordinary than the delight which
: Chatterton appears to have felt in executing these numberless
■ and multifarious impositions. His ruling passion was not the
j vanity of a poet who depends upon the opinion of others for its
gratification, but the stoical pride of talent, which felt nourish-
I ment in the solitary cont-emplation of superiority over the dupes
I who fell into his toils."— Sir Walter Scott.
As the Rowley controversy was one of the most interest-
ing and animated in the History of English Literature, wo
present {from the St. James's Chronicle of the time) a list
j of the partisans on each side. This will correct the mis-
; apprehension that on their first publication the forgeries
j of Chatterton enlisted many advocates.
I Indeed, considering the philological obstruction to cre-
I dence, it is not a little remarkable that such scholars as
Jacob Bryant and Deau Milles could allow them.-elves
I to be so grossly deceived, even for an instant. That when
; once committed, they should perversely adhere to their
judgment, and refuse to encourage any doubts suggested
by the skeptical, is most natural. To be strictly impartial
I in judgment, especially where personal reputation is at
I stake, hardly belongs to man.
CHA
Roroleiani.
Jacob Bryant,
Dean Milles,
Dr. GLYiNN,
Mr. Henley,
MONTRLY REriEW, WHILE
rsriER Langhorn,
E. B. Gbee.ne.
Anti- Rowteiane.
Mr. Tyrwhitt,
Horace Walpole,
Dr. Warton,
Mr. Thomas Warton,
Dr. Johnson,
Mr. Steevens,
Bishop Percy,
EllMUND Malone,
Edward Gibbon,
Mr. Jones,
Dr. Farmer,
Mr. Colman,
Mr. Sheridan,
Dr. Lort,
Mr. Astle,
Mr. Croft,
Mr. Haylet,
Lord Camden,
Mr. Gough,
Mr. Mason,
Mr. Knox,
Mr. Badcock,
Critical Review,
Gentleman's Magazint:.
"I thought of Crattfuton. the marvfllous boy.
The sleepless soul th.it perished in his pride!"
WORPSWORTH.
Chatto, Wm. Andrew. A Treatise on Wood En-
graving, Historical and Practical, with upwards of 300 il-
lustrations on wood, by John Jackson, Lon., 1839, r. Svo ;
and 1849. Facts and Speculations on the Origin and His-
tory of Playing Cards, with numerous engravings from
copper, stone, and wood, both plain and coloured, 1848,
Svo.
" A perfect fund of antifjuariau research, and mo.st interesting
even to persons who never play at cards." — Taii^s Edinl'urgh
"The ejitire production deserves our wannest approbation." —
Loii. Litfrarij Gtizftte.
" A curious, entertaining, and really learned book." — Londim
Raviblf.r.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 1328?-1400, "The Father of
English Poetry," was a native of London. His parentage
and early life are involved in great obscurity, and tbe
honour of his education is claimed by both Universities :
therefore as an amicable adjustment of the controversy,
an ingenious theory presumes bim to have resided al-
ternately at O.\ford .and Cambridge. Chaucer was a great
favourite at the court of Edward III., and a devoted ad-
herent to the celebrated John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,
whose sister-in-law, (she became so subsequently.) Phi-
lippa de Rouet, accepted the offer of his hand. By this
connexion the poet became linked with the good or ill for-
tune which might attach to greatness. Even this generally
received narrative has been doubted by some critics. It
will however be easily believed that in this season of court-
ship he composed The Parliament of Birds. In 1356 we
find Chaucer bearing arms in the expedition of Edward III.
against France. For some time he was held as a prisoner
of war by the enemy. In 1367 he was allowed an annual
pension of twenty m.arks, (say £240,) and in 1373 was em-
ployed in an embassy to Genoa on affairs of State. A year
later than this he was appointed comptroller of the customs
of wool, Ac. It was during this visit to Italy (he had be-
fore travelled on the Continent) that he enjoyed some de-
lightful converse with Petrarch, to which he alludes in the
Prologue to the Gierke's Tale :
" I wol you tell a tale, which that I
Learned at Padowe of a worthy clerk.
As preved by his wordes and his work;
Fraunceis Petrai'k. the laureat poete.
lli^hte this clerk whos rhetorike swete
Enlumined all Itaille of poetrie.
As Lyny.in did of philosopbie." &c.
Mr. Tyrwhitt is inclined to doubt this meeting of the
poets, but De Sade promised to prove its occurrence. He
died before he had fulfilled his pledge. Four years befcre
this acquaintance, Ch.aucer had added to tlie evidences of
his own poetical talents by the lament for the death of
Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, entitled The Booke of the
Dutchesse. In the early part of the reign of Richard II.
our poet became involved in the political and religious
troubles of the day. espousing the cause of John Comber-
ton, (John de Northampton.) a warm champion of the doc-
trines of WicklifTe. Comberton was imprisoned, while
Chaucer escaped the same fate by a precipitate flight to the
Continent. Of course he lost his place in the customs.
He was so imprudent as to return to London in a short
period ; was committed to the Tower, and only released by
criA
disclosing the names and projects of his late associates.
For this breach of confidence, he subsequently experienced
great remorse, and composed his Testament of Love, in
which he complains of the change of his fortunes, and of
the disgrace in which his conduct had involved him.
In 1386 he was elected Knight of tbe Shire for Kent,
and the rise of his fortunes was accelerated by the return
of the Duke of L.ancaster from Spain in 1389. In this
year the poet was made clerk of the works at Westminster,
and in the next year at Windsor and other palaces. Other
proofs of regard were bestowed by the king, (and also by
his successor Henry IV., son of his patron, the Duke of
Lancaster,) and with his annual pipe of wine and his hand-
some pension, the poet felt himself sufficiently at ease to
compose those famous Canterbury Tales which will carry
his name to the remotest posterity. His experience of the
world had taught him the value of retirement, and it does
not appear that the prosperity of the great House to which
he had ever been a devoted adherent induced him to ex-
change the quietude of his rural walks and meditations for
the splendour and excitements of a brilliant Court. The
necessity of arranging some business concerns drew him
to London for a few days, where fatigue brought on an ill-
ness with which his advanced age was unable to cope.
" He was buried in the Abbey of Westminster before the chapel
of St. Bennet; by whose sepulchre is written on a table hanging
on a pillar his epitaph nuade by a poet laureate."— Caxton, m his
edit: of Chaucer's tmvs. f>f Boethivs.
Chaucer was a voluminous writer. In addition to his
minor poems, and his prose compositions, of which the
Testament of Love and two of the Canterbury Tales are
the principal, he was the author of the following poetical
works :
1. The Canterbcrt Tales, extending to above 17,000
lines, (exclusive of the doubtful portion and the prose.)
2. The Romacnt of the Rose, a translation from the
French of William de Lorris; and of a portion of
Meun's continuation, of which there are nearly 8,000
lines.
3. Troilus and Creseide, 5 Books.
4. The Court of Love.
5. The Complaint of Pitie.
6. Of Queen Armelide and False Arcite.
7. The Assembly of Foules.
8. The Complaint of the Black Night.
9. Chaucer's A. B. C.
10. The Booke of the Dctchesse.
11. The House of Fame, 3 Books.
12. Chaucer's Dream.
13. The Flower and the Leaf.
14. The Legend of Good Women, 9 Examples.
15. The Complaint of Mars and Venus.
16. Of the Cuckow and the Nightingale.
Of these compositions the Canterbury Tales is much the
best known. The plot is doubtless taken from the Deca-
meron of Boccaccio. A company of pilgrims, twenty-nine
I in number, on their way to the shrine of Thomas a Becket,
at Canterbury, pass tbe night at the Tab,ard Inn at Soulh-
wark, where they make the acquaintance of our poet, the
narrator, who promised to bear them company, their des-
tination being the same as his own:
" Befelle. that in that season on a day.
In Southwark at the Tabard .as I lay,
Kedy to wenden en my pil;^rimage
To Canterbury with devoute coi-age,
At night wascome into that hostelrie
Wei nine and twenty in a compagnie
Of sundrv folk. . . .
And shortly, when the sun was gon to reste,
So hadde 1 spoken with hem everich on.
That I was of hir felawship anon
And made forword early for to ri.se,
To Lake oure way ther as I you devise."
The Host of the Tabard offers to accompany the party,
and suggests to them that they should divert each other
with entert.aining stories, and that on their return,
" Which of you that bereth him best of alle,
That is to'svan. that tellcth in this cas
Tales of best sentence and most solas,^^
Shal have a souper at youre alU-r cost."
The proposition was joyfully accepted, the tales were
told : and truly, however much there may have been of
pilgrimage, there was but little of penance, in that merry
jotirneying! About seventy-five years after the death of
this great poet, Ca.xton, the first English printer, pub. The
Book of the Tales of Cauntyrburye, without date; sup-
posed to have been printed about 1475. Only two perfect
copies of this edition are known. — one in the Library of
George III. in the British Museum ; the other in Merton
College. The first edition of the entire works of Chaucer
CHA
CHA
(with the exception of the Ploughman's Tale, which was
first printed in the edition of 1542) was pub. by Thomas
Godfrey, Lon., 1532, fol. See particulars of early editions
in Dibdin's Typographical Antitiuities, and Lowndes's Bibl.
Manual. The edit, of 1721, fol., has a Glossary and a Life
by Urry. By far the best edition of the Canterbury Tales
is by Thomas Tyrwhitt, who prefixed to them an Essay on
Cbaucer's Language and Versification, and an Introductory
Discourse, which, with the learned Notes and Glossary, add
much to the value of the work. Tyrwhitt's first edit, was
pub. Lon., 1775, 78, 5 vols. 8vo; 2d edit., Oxf., 179S, 2 vols.
4to. In the impression of 1822 the Glossary is under an
alphabet, and the general arrangement is improved. The
reader should procure Mr. Moxon's beautiful edit, of the
Poetical Works uf Chaucer, (which includes Tyrwhitt's
Essay. &c.,) last impression 1852, r. Svo. The following
works should not be neglected :
Todd's Illustrations of the Lives and Writings of Gower
and Chaucer, Lon., ISIO, Svo.
*'A curious work, displaying preat industry of investigation.
Mr. Todd's researches into English literature have been equalled
by few of our lexicographers or commentators."
Godwin's Life of Chaucer, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 4to.
*' Considerable praise is due to Mr. Godwin for the comments on
the works of our bard, which occur in these volumes." — Edin. liev.
An Svo vol. entitled Chaucer's Poems Modernized, by
Wordsworth, R. H. Home. Leigh Hunt, and others, has
been highly commended, and an English critic declares that
" Too much applause cauuot be bestowed upon the projection and
execution of this design."'
But we confess that we have no taste for these rehashes
of ancient delicacies. Their tendency is to increase read-
ing at the expense of knowledge. What will a reader of a
modern Chaucer know of glorious old "Geffary Chaucer,"
who wrote "dyuers Workes which were neuer in Print be-
fore?" See Godfrey's edition; the first, 1532, fol.
If any man or woman will not take the trifling trouble
which is necessary to understand Chaucer's antique ortho-
graphy.— let them be ignorant. The last " Minerva" novel
will prove metal mure attractive to such painstaking "stu-
dents uf English Literature."
Mr. Saunders pub. a vol. in 1845, entitled Chaucer*s Can-
terbury Tales Explained, and rendered more intelligible
with the help of modern prose. This work treats of Gtelic
construction, and other matters connected with antique
spelling. Charles Cowden Clarke has given to the world
Tales from Chaucer in prose, in imitation of Lamb's Tales
from Shakspeare; also a vol. entitled The Riches of Chau-
cer, 1839j Svo. There is also a Life by Singer, and one by
Nicolas.
It will be proper to gratify the reader with some quota-
tions from ancient and modern critics referring to the merits
of the Father of English Poetry:
" And upon hys imaginacyon
He made also the Tales of Canterbury,
Some vertuous, and some glad and merry,
And many other bokes, doubtless,
He dyd conipyle. whose godly name
In printed bokes doth rem.iyne in fame."
H.YWEs: Pastime of Pleasure, c. 14.
" Yet what a time hath he wrested from time,
And won upon the migbtie waste of daies.
Unto the immortal honour of our clime.
That by his means came first adorned with bayes:
Unto the sacred relickes of whose rime
AVe yet are bound in zeal to offer praise."
Daniel: MuRophUus.
The usual titles by which Chaucer was complimented by
his contemporaries were "The Chief Poete of Britanie,"
"The Flour of Poetes," Ac.
'■ Maister Chaucer, that nobly enterprysed
How that our englysshe myght fresshly be enued."
Skeltos : Garlande of Laurelle.
*' So wise a man as our Chaucer is esteemed." — Milton.
Among the warmest admirers of Chaucer in earlier days
may be mentioned Gawin Douglass, Bishop of Dunkeld,
Caxton, William Botteville, Leland, the great antiquary
who honoured his memory with three copies of verses;
Roger Ascham, Sir Philip Sydney, Speght, Stowe, John
Fox, Camden, Sir Henry Savile, the illustrious Selden, Sir
Francis Kynaston. &c. In his close imitation of Chaucer
in his Temple of Fame, Pope has paid him the highest of
compliments. The learned Dr. Skinner complains that
'• The poet Chaucer set the worst example, who by bringing whole
shoals of French words into our language, which was but too much
adulterated before, thioixgh the effects of the Norman Conquest,
deprived it almost wholly of its native grace and splendour, laying
on paint over its pure complexion, and, for a beautiful face, substi-
tuted a downright mask." — Trans, from Vie Latin m-iginal. See
Biog. Brit.
This charge is summarily disposed of by Mr. Tyrwhitt
in his Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer:
374
" I cannot help observing from a contempoi-ary Historian, that,
several yeais before that great event, [the Aorman Ctmiiuest,] the
l.vniTuage of France had been introduced into the Court of England,
and from thence among the people."
After proceeding with an exposition of this statement,
Mr. Tyrwhitt remarks :
"From what has been said I think we may fairly conclude, that
the English language must have imbibed a strong tincture of the
French, long before the age of Chaucer, and cousequently that he
ought not to be charged as the importer of words and phrases
which he only nsed after thu example of his predecessors, and in
common with his contemporaries. This was the real fact, and is
capable of being demonstrated to any one, who will take the trouble
of comparing the writings of Chaucer with those of liobert of
tiloucester and liobert of Brunne who both lived before him, and
with those of Sir Jobn Maudeville and M icliff who lived at the
same time with him."
The censures of Verstegan and Skinner are thus rebuked.
Mr. Tj'rwhitt also contends that the verse in which the
Canterbury Tales are written, although apparently irregu-
lar, is in fact as correctly rhythmical as the verse now used.
We do not now pronounce the final e in many words in
which it was sounded in Chaucer's time. This of itself is
an important item in the consideration how far Chaucer is
to be censured for irregularities in rhythm. The following
remarks of Mr. Tyrwhitt are entitled to great weight:
"In discussing this question we should always have in mind,
that the correctness and harmony of an Knglish verse depends en-
tirely upon its being composed of a certain number of syllables,
and its having the accents of those syllables properly placed. In
order, therefore, to form any judgment of the VeVsitication of
Chaucer, it is necessary that we should know the syllabical value,
if I may use the expression, of his words, and the accentual value
of his syllables, as they were commonly pronounced in his time;
fnr without that knowledge, it is not more probable that we should
determine justly upon the exactness of his metres, than that we
should be able to cast up rightly an account stated in coins of a
former age, of whose correct rate and determination we are totally
ignorant."
We commend these observations to some of our modern
index-critics.
Dryden's comment is perfectly correct:
'' The verse of Chaucer, I confess is not harmonious to us; they
who lived with him, and some time after him, thought it musi-
cal, &c."
And the reason is perfectly obvious ; but we do not won-
der that Dryden refused to believe all that Speght claimed
for Chaucer's versification. Mr. Tj'rwhitt's theory (which
was that of Gray, also) was generally concurred in until
the appearance of Dr. Nott's edition of the poems of Sur-
rey and AVyatt. Many considered that Ductur N. had de-
monstrated the arguments of the former to be erroneous.
But we have already lingered sufficiently long upon a
hydra-headed subject, and the reader must pursue the in-
vestigation by a reference to the authorities cited, and to
Mr. Hallam's Literary History of Europe. Mr. Warton's
illustrations in the following lines are well worthy of quo-
tation :
'•I consider Chaucer as a genial day in an English spring. A
biilliant sun enlivens the face of nature with an unusual lustre :
the siidden appearance of cloudless skies, and the unexpected
warmth of a tepid atmosphere, after the ^loom and the inclemencies
of a tedious winter, fill our hearts with the visionary prospect of a
speedy summer; and we fondly anticipate a long continuance of
gentle gales and vernal serenity. But winter returns with redou-
bled horrors: the clouds condense more formidably than before;
and those tender buds and early blossoms, which were called forth
by the transient gleam of a temporary sunshine, are nipped by frosts,
and torn by tempests." — Thos. Warton: History of Eng. Pott)-y.
Dr. Joseph Warton, in his Essay on the AVritings and
Genius of Pope, remarks that Chaucer excels as much in
the pathetic and sublime as he does in his manner of treat-
ing light and ridiculous subjects.
" I take unceasing delight in Chaucer. His manly cheerfulness
is especially delicious to me in my old age. How exquisitely ten-
der he is, yet how perfectly free from the least touch of sickly
melancholy, or morbid drooping." — S. T. Coleridge; and see Ilip-
pisley's Early En-^lish Literature.
Mr. Campbell concludes his essay upon Chaucer with a
remark which the admirer of the poet will fully confirm :
■'After four hundred years have closed over the mii-thful features
which formed the living originals of the poet's descriptions, [in the
Canterbury Tales.] bis pases impress the fancy with the momentary
credence that they are still alive; as if Time had rebuilt his ruios,
and were reacting the last scenes of existence." — Essay on English
Pbetry.
*'Tn elocution and elegance, in harmony and perspicuity of ver-
sification, Chaucer surpasses his predecessors in an intinite pi-opoi^
tion; hisgenius was universal, and adapted to themes ofunbounded
variety; and his merit was not less in p;tinting Ihmiliar manners
with humour and propriety, than in moving the passions, and re-
presenting the beautiful or gi-aud objects of nature, with grace and
sublimity." — Thos. AVarton.
Like many others who have given their thoughts to the
world, without an ever-present, proper sense of moral re-
sponsibility, Chaucer in his last hours bitterly bewailed
some too well-remembered lines, " which dying" he vainly
CIIA
CUE
wished "to blot." "Wo is me, wo is me," he exclaimed
in that solemn hour, " that I cannot recall and annul those
things which I have written : but alas ! they are now con-
tinued from man to man, and I cannot do what I desire !"
One thing, however, he could do: from the depths of his
sincere repentance and hearty contrition, he could send
forth a warning voice to his fellow-men, urging them to a
submissive endurance of earthly trials, and a constant re-
ference in their actions to that enduring habitation which
the Judge of all the earth hath prepared for them who " by
patient continuance in well-doing, look for glory, honour,
and iniuiortality." To these wholesome meditations of the
dying poet, we owe the '" Good Counsail" of Chaucer, by
the quotation of the conclusion of which we shall help to
promote the design of the author, and perhaps confer uo
inconsiderable benefit upon some thoughtless reader:
"That thee is sent receive in buxomuesse.
The wrastliDj^ of this world asketh a tiUl,
Here is no home, here is but wildernesse,
Forth, pilgrime! forth, beast, out of thy stall!
Looke up on hi;^h, and thauke God of all!
Weive thy lusts, and let thy ghost thee lede,
And trouth thee shall deliver, it is no drede."
Chauchard, Captain. Map of Germany, Arc, ISOO.fol.
Chauucy, Angel, D.D. Sernis., Lon., 1747, 'oS, 4to.
Chauncy, Charles, 1592-1672, a Nonconformist di-
vine, a native of Hertfordshire, was educated at West-
minster School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He
emigrated to New England, and in 1654 became President
of Harvard College, which office he retained until his de-
cease. Serms., 1655, 'i>6; 26 on Justification, 1659. An-
tisynodalia Americana. 1662. He also wrote an article
prefixed to Leigh's Critica Sacra, Lon., 1639, «i;c.,4to. See
Mather's Magnalia; Rushworth's Hist. Coll. ; Neal'sN. E.;
Hutchinson ; Holmes.
Chauncy, Charles, D.D., 1705-17S7, a native and
minister of Boston, a descendant of the above, pub. a num-
ber of sermons and theolog. treatises, 1731-85.
'■ lie was eminent for his learning, and ftr the spirit of inde-
pendence which marked his inquiries." See Clarke's Funeral
Serm., Miller, ii. StJS.
Chauncy, Sir Henry, 1032-1719. of the Middle
Temple, was admitted of Gonvil and Ciiius College, Cam-
bridge, in 1647. In 16SS he was made a Welsh Judge.
Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire, &e., Lon., 1700, fol.
^' The near affinity historical antiquities have to that strience [the
Law] which I have studii?d .ind all along practised, obliged me to
be conversant in authors that treat thereof." — Prpfac-.
See Savage's Librarian, and Upcott's British Topogra-
phy. Sir Henry left some additions to this work, which
were the foundation of Salmon's History of Hertfordshire,
Lon., 1728, fol.
Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1712. Theological treatises,1692-
1737.
Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1745, aged 74. Sermon, 1729.
Chauncy, Maurice, d. 1581. a monk of the Charter
House. Historia alitpiot nostri Siuculi Martyrum, Mentz,
1550, 4to. Much of this work will be found in Strypo's
Ecclesiastical Memorials. Chauncy wrote some other
works : see Athcn. Oxon.
Chauncy, Nath., of Connecticut. Serms., 1719. '34.
Chauncy, William. TheKootingout of the Romishe
Supremacie, Lou., 1580. 16mo. The Conversion of a Gentle-
man long Tyme misled in Poperie to the sincere and true
Profession of the Gospel of Christ Jesus, 1587, 4to.
Chaundler, E. See Chandler.
Cliaundler, Thomas. See Chandler.
Chauvel, R. A. Sermon, 1805.
Chauvenet, William, b. 1820. in Pennsylvania.
Qrad. Yale Coll., Pruf. Astron. U. S. Naval Acad., Anna-
polis, Maryland, which flourishing institution he was chiefly
instrumental in establishing. Prof, of Math, in U. S. Navy,
1841. Treatise on Plane and Spheric. Trigonometry, Phila-
delphia, 3<led., 1853.
" We know of no English work, in which the subject of Spheri-
cal Trigonometry, especially, is presented in so satisfactory a man-
ner."— Atna: Jour. Sci., Sept., 1850.
" In this work he has rendered good service to science." — Astron.
Jour., vol. i. No. 13.
" This is the most complete treatise on Trigonometry extant in
the English language." — Jour. FranUia InstdtUe, vol. xx. No. 3.
Contributor to Amer. Jour. Sci.; Amer. Astron. Jour.;
and collaborator in the preparation of the Amer. Ephe-
meris published under the auspices of government, for
which he lias furnished new and original methods of find-
ing longitude by lunars, ^c.
Chavasse, William, surgeon. Med. Con., 17S5,
Chavernac, T. Surgery in France, 1801. 4to.
Cheare, Abr. Words in Season, Lon., 16118, 12mo.
Cheaste^ Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1(313, foL
Checkley, John, 16S0?-1753. an Episcopal minister
of Boston, Mass. Theolog. treatises, 1715, '20, •27, '28, '38.
Checkley, Samuel, d. 1769, aged 73, a minister of
Boston, Mass. Serms.. 1727, '48, '55.
Checus, Sir John. See Cheke.
Chedsey, William, President of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, 1558. Serm. at Panics Crosse, Nov. 16, 1544,
Lon., 8i)ie anno. Disputation with Cranmer, Philpot. Ac,
1545-55. lie was a zealous Roman Catholic ; was deprived
of his preferments, and committed to the Fleet Prison.
Chedworth, John, Lord. Notes upon some of the
Obscure Passages in Shakspeare's Plays, Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Privately printed; now scarce. Extracts from Lord C. 'a
MSS. will be found in Seymour's Remarks upon Shaks-
peare, Lon.. 1805, 2 vuls. 8vo. Letters (140) from Lord
Chedworth to Rev. Thos. Crompton, 1828, 4to.
Cheeke, Henry, Trans, of Freewyl, a Tragcdie.
Cheeseman, Lewis, D.D. Difference between Old
and A'cw School Presbyterians, Rochester, N. York, 1848,
12mo. Ishmael and the Church, Phila., 1856. 12mo.
Cheesman, Abraham. Serms., Lon., 1663, 'i)S, Svo.
Checsman, Christopher. Berkshire's Agent's hum-
ble Address, Lon., 1051. 4to.
Cheesman, Thomas. Serms., 1G95, 1707, 4to.
Cheetham, James, d. ISIO, aged 37. A Reply to
Aristides, 1S04. Life of Thomas Paine, 1809.
Cheetham, Robert Farren, Poems, Stockport,
1798, 4to. Odes and Miscellanies, 1798, Svo,
Cheever, Ezekiel, 1617-170S, a native of London,
emigrated to New England, and resided at Boston, 1671-
1708, as a teacher. He pub. a Latin Accidence, which
passed through 20 editions.
Cheever, George Barrel!, D.D., b. 1807, at Hallo-
well, Maine, graduated at Bowdoin College, 1825 ; installed
pastor of the Allen Street Church, New York City, 1839 j
of the Church of the Puritans in New York, 1846. See
Men of the Time, N. York, 1852, 12mo. Dr. C. has con-
tributed largely tu The Biblical Repository, North Ameri-
can Review, Quarterly Repository, &c. AVe note some of
his works : The American Common Place Book of Prose,
1828; of Poetry, 1829. Studies in Poetry, 1830. Inquire
at Amos Giles's Distillery. This led to a famous lawsuit.
God's Hand in America, 1841. Lectures on Hierarchical
Despotism. Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress, 1843. This
work has been highly commended.
" All readers of the charming allegory should not fait to read the
Lectures." — Ch. Chronicle.
"Wanderings of a Pilgrim in the shadow of Mont Blanc,
Ac, 1846; ditto to Jungfrau. The Hill Ditficulty, &c.,
1849. Christian Melodies, (in conjunction with J. E. Sweet-
ser.) Selection of Hymns and Tunes. The Right of the
Bible in the Common Schools.
*'It is a question which in its decision is to influence the happi-
ness, the temporal and eternal welfiire, of one hundred millions of
human beings." — Daniel Webster.
The Voice of Nature to her Foster-Child, the Soul of
Man, 1852, 12mo. A Reel in the Bottle for Jack in the
Doldrums, 1852, 12mo.
"Another veiitablo Pilgrim's Progress, — only made by sea, and
with the greater variety of peril incident to that way of travelling.
Some of the best traits of Buuyan's immortal poem are here re-
produced."
Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, N.Y., 1848, 12mo.
Punishment by Death ; its Authority and E.\pediency,
1849, 12mo. The Windings of the River of the Water of
Life, 1849. Powers of theAVorld to Come, 1853. Lectures
on Cow(»er, 1856. God against Slavery, 1857.
Cheever, Rev. Henry T., a popular author, brother
of the preceding. The Whale and his Captors, N.Y., 1849,
ISmo. The Island-Wurld of the Pacific, 1851, 12mo. Life
in the Sandwich Islands, 12mo.
"An agreeable addition to Kev. Mr. Cheever's former works on
the Pacific, written in a kindly tone to Christians and Heathen.
... It will be found an agreeable and sensible work, with an ap-
pendix contiiining valuable commercial stiitistics." — iV. J'. Literary
World.
Autobiography and Memorials of Capt. Obadiah Congat,
16mo, 1851.
'• It is proper that the example of stirh a man should be em-
balmed, and Mr. Cheever has done it well."'— iV. i'. Obs'^irr.
To Mr. Cheever we are indebted for the Memoir of the
Rev. Walter Colton, {q, v.) prefixed to Mr. Colton's Sea
and Sailor, &c,
"It is Well written, warmly and kindly, as biography ought to
be. and with good taste." — iV. F. Evangelist.
Biography of Nathaniel Cheever, M.D., 1851, 12mo:
vide post. The Pulpit and the Pew, N.Y., 1858, 12mo.
Highly commended.
Cheever, Nathaniel^ M.D. Biography of. by Rot.
375
CHE
Hannah Foster) was author of one of the earliest Ameri-
can novels, The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Whar-
ton; repub. in 1855. See Foster, Hannah.
iDheiiey, John. On Conformity, Lon., 1680, Sto.
Chcringlon, Lord Viscount. Memoirs of the Go-
vernment and Manners of the present Portuguese, Lon.,
1782, 2 vols. 12mo. See Monthly Mag. for 1782.
Chernocke, Robert. Piipcrs dcl'd to Sheriffs of
London and Middlese.x, 1695, fol.
Cherpillourd, J. Book of French Versions, &e.,
1817, I2mo.
Cherry, A. Dramatic Pieces, 1793-1807.
Cherry, Henry C. Illustrations of the Fasts and
Festivals, Lou., 12nio, 1844.
" \\<: boldly recommend these lectures.'' — X™. Chrid. Rememb.
Cherry, John. Scottish Poetry, Glasg., 1806, 12mo.
Chertsey, Andrew. The Passiim of Christ, Lon.,
1520, 4to; trans, from the French. The Floure of God's
Commandments, 1521. fol. Other publications. See War-
ton's Hist, of English Poetry.
Chesebro', Caroline, a native of Canandaigua,
New York, has pub. several volumes, and is a contributor
to some of the principal American periodicals. Dream-
land by Daylight, 1S51. Isa, a Pilgrimage, 1852. The
Children of Light, 1852. The Little Cross-Bearers, 1853.
See Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1854.
Cheselden, William, 1688-1752, an eminent sur-
geon and anatomist, a native of Leicestershire, studied
under Cowper, the celebrated anatomist, and Feme, the
head surgeon of St, Thomas's Hospital. At the age of 22
he began to read lectures in anatomy, and at;^.'i was chosen
. „ member of the Royal Society. Syllabus of a Course of
grave, and he was gathered to his fathers at the early age ; Lectures on Anatomy, Lon., 1711, 4to. The Anatomy of
of 43. England could have better afforded the loss of i the Human Body, 1713, 8vo ; 1722; with thirty-four
many courtiers than of this great man! Sir John left many ' coppcr-plales, 1726 ; 1730; 11th edit, 1778. Treatise on
works in MS., a catalogue of which we find in Stry]ie, the High Operation for Stone, 1723, 8vo ; attacked in Litho-
His publications consist almost entirely of translations tomus Castratus. Osteograiihia, or An.atomy of the Bones;
from the Greek into the Latin tongue, and from English i „ith plates the size of life, 1728, '33, large fol. ; attacked
into Latin, Ac. A Latin trans, of two of St. Chrysostom's jn 1735 by John Douglass, in Remarks on that Pompous
Homilies, 1543, 4to ; of six ditto, 1645, 8vo. The Hurt of , Work, the Osteography of Mr. Cheselden,
CHE
Henry T. Cheever, with an introduction by George B.
Cheever, D.D., New York, 1851, 12mo.
" It is lull of the most weighty Christian lessons ; and no one can
peruse it and not he struck with the orijiinality of the character
illustrnted. nor without laying it aside a wiser and better man."
Cheever, Samuel, d. 1724, aged 85, a son of Ezekiel
Cheever, was the first minister of Marblehead. Serm., 1712.
Cheisley, John. Letter, 1647, 4to.
Cheisolm, Guil. Scotus et Episc. Varionensis. E.t-
amen Confessionis Fidel Calviniante, Aven., 1601, 8vo. In
French, Paris, 1603, 8vo.
Cheke, Sir John, 1514-1557, a native of Cambridge,
was admitted into St. John's College in 1531. and applied
himself with such zeal to the study of the Greek language —
then much neglected in England — that about 1540, when
the king founded a Greek professorship in the University
of Cambridge, Cheke, only 26 years of age, was chosen
the first professor. His persevering efforts to reform the
English pronunciation of Greek were crowned with success,
although violently opposed by Bishop Gardiner and others.
In 1644 he was appointed one of the Latin tutors to Prince
Edward. He was a zealous advocate of the Protestant
Reformation, and interested in the settlement of the crown
upon Lady Jane Grey. Upon the accession of Queen Mary
he was imprisoned in the Tower, from whence the queen's
pardon released him, and he travelled for some time on the
Continent But he was too important a personage to be
overlooked by the persecutors of the day ; and being ar-
rested near Brussels, was sent to Londim, again imprisoned
in the Tower, and only escaped martyrdom by an open re-
cantation of the principles of the Reformation. The re-
morse which followed this step soon brought him to the
Sedition, 1549. 8vo; and in Ilolinshed's Chronicle, anno
1549. A Latin trans, of the English Communion Book,
done for the use of M. Bucer; vide Bucer's Opuscula
Anglicana; a Latin trans, of Cranmer's Book on the Lord's
Supper, 1553. The New Testament in Englishe, after the
Greeke trans., 1550. 8vo. A Latin trans, of the English
The work received a more judicious censure from the celebrated
Haller, who, whilst he caudidly pointed out its errors, paid the
writer that tribute of applause which he so justly deserved.
Ileister, likewise, in his Compendium of Anatomy, has done jus-
tice to its merit." — Biorf. Brit.
To Goutcher's trans, of Le Dran's Operations in Sur-
gery, Cheselden added 21 plates and some valuable re-
Communion Book. De Snperstitione ad Rogem Henricum. ! Jiai-ks. Cheselden made many improvements in surgery,
The Latinity of this piece has been greatly commended. I and banished the complicated French instruments formerly
Some Letters. Sir John pub. a few other pieces,
" As to his character, he was justly accounted one of the best and
most learned men of his a^e, and a singular ornament to his country.
He was one of the revivers of polite literature in Kngland. and a
great lover and encourager of the Greek language in particular."
" The E.'ichequer of eloquence ; a man of men, supernaturally
traded in all tongues.'' — Nash's Letter to the Two Universities, vide
Athen. Oxon. See, also, Strype's Life of Cheke; of Cranmer; of
Parker; and Biog. Brit.
Cheke, William. Anagrammata & Chron. Agram-
mata Regia, Lon., 1613, 8vo.
Chelsum, James, D.D., 1740-1 801, educated at West-
minster School, and at St. John's College, and Christ
Church, Cambridge. Remarks on Mr. Gibbon's Roman
History, Lon., 1772, 8vo; enlarged. 1778. 8vo. Reply to
Gibbon's Vindication, Winchest, 1785, 8vo. Hist of the
in use. Sharpe acknowledges his great obligations to him.
Pope held him in high esteem ;
"1 wondered a little at your quaere, who Cheselden was. It
shews that the truest merit does not travel sn far any way as on
the wings of poetry. He is the most noted and most deserving
man in the whole profession of chirurgery ; and has saved the
lives of thousands by his manner of cutting for the stone." —
Letter from Pojie to Swift.
We find the worthy surgeon also celebrated in the versea
of his poetical admirer :
" To keep these limbs, and to preserve these eyes,
I'll do what Mead and Cheselden advise."
Cheshire, John. Rheumatism, Ac, Lon., 1723, 8to.
Cheshire, Thomas. Serms.. 1641. '42.
Chesney, Col. Francis Rawdon, b. 1789, in Ire-
land. The Expedition for the Survey of the Rivers Eu-
Art of Engraving in Mezzotint, Winchest, 1786. 8vo. He phrates and Tigris, 1835, "36, '37, Lon., 1850, Ac, 4 vols.
is supposed to have contributed to Olla Podrida, pub. at
Oxford. He pub. some occasional Serms., 1777-93.
" His learning was extensive; and his manners, though some-
what austere, were yet amiable."
Chenevix, Richard, d. 1830, a native of Ireland.
Dramatic Poems, ISOl, 8vo. Chemical Nomenclature, 1802,
12mo. Mineralogical Systems, 18U, 8vo. Chemical Con-
tributions to Phil. Trans., 1801, '02, 03, '04, '05 ; to Nic.
Jour., 1801, '10; to Trans. Irish Acad., viii. 233. The
Mantuan Rivals ; a Comedy ; Henry VII. ; Hist Trag.,
1812, 8vo.
" The boldest, the most elabo^,^te, and. upon the whole, the most
8vo. On Fire-Arras, 8vo. Russo-Turkish Campaigna
of 1828, '29, Lon., 1852; 3d ed. May, 1854.
" Few men possess more extensive knowledge, personal and
other, of the geography and statistics of the East." — Lon. Athen.
Chester, Robert. Love's Martyr; or Bosalin'a
Complaint. Lon., 1601. 4to. To this trans, from the ItSr-
lian are added some Poems of Shakspeare, Jonson, Mar-
ston, and others. A very rare volume : sold at the Rox-
burghe sale for £24 3». ; Sykes's, £61 lOs. ; priced in
Bibl. Anglo-Poet, £50.
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Eail
of, 1694-1773, was the eldest son of Philip, third Earl of
Buccessful. imitation of the general style, taste, and diction of our Chesterfield, by Lady Elizabeth Saville. daughter of George,
older dramatists, that has appeared in the present times."— Edm. i Marquis of Halifax. In his 18th year he was entered of
Kevieiv. .
An Essay upon National Character, 2 vols. Svo. (Posth.)
" What a noble legacy for a man to leave liehind him 1 In these
volumes are garnered the Labours of a life." — Lon. Literary Gaz.
Cheney, Harriet V., a native of Massachusetts.
The Sunday School, or Village Sketches ; written in con-
junction with her sister. A Peep at the Pilgrims. 'The
Rivals of Acadia. Sketches from the Life of Christ;
Confessions of an Early Martyr; pub. in 1840. Mrs.
Gushing, her sister, has pub. Esther, a dramatic pnem, and
•ome works for the young. Mrs. Cheney's mother (Mrs.
S76
Trini'ty Hall, Cambridge, where he studied to so much
purpose that he left the University an excellent classical
scholar. He was returned for St Germain's in Cornwall
in the first Parliament of the reign of George I., and in
the national council.s, as well as in the diplomatic positions
which he afterwards occupied, displayed considerable
energy of character. As a gentleman, a courtier, and a
p.atron of literature, he aspired to fill the first rank, and
his ambition was gratified. Johnson's suit to the " Con-
queror of the World," and the celebrated letter which
CITE
CHE
closed tbeir distant acquaintance, is ■well known. They
were not calculated to be agreeable to each other. The
earl considered the lexicographer to be no better than "a
respectable Hottentot." and the awkward scholar styled
the nobleman " A Wit among Lords, and a Lord among
Wits." Johnson's letter to his lordship must be condemned
as a piece of great injustice. The cail is now best known
by his Letters to his Son, (who died at an early age, in
1768.) 1774, 2 vols. 4to ; often reprinted; which were not
intended for publication. They display much knowledge
of the wort-t part of the world, and little taste for any
thing of a more elevated character.
"Tbuse who wish to see the supt'riority of dissemblinfj over
openness demonstiatcd with admiialile furce, may consult the
philosopher of Hatfeiy find dissimulation." — De V£,be.
'• It was not to be wondered at that they had so great a sale,
considering that they were the letters of a statesman, a wit, one
who had been much in the mouths of mankind, one long accus-
tomed vir6m volitari' per nra. . . . Does not Lord Chesterfield
give precepts for uniting wickedness and the graces? . . . Lord
Chesterfield's Letters to his .Son, 1 think, nii^ht be made a very
pretty book. Take out the immorality, and it should be put into
the hands of every gentleman." — Dr. Johnjon.
What Johnson desired — an expurgated Chesterfield —
has been prepared by Dr. Trusler (Principles of Politeness)
and others. The most epigrammatic description which
Johnson gave of the Letters, for obvious reasons we have
not quoted.
It is not a little curious that these Letters should have
been rc|nib. in Boston as early as 1779; five years after
the first London edition. His lordship's Miscellaneous
Works were pub. in 1777, Lon., 2 vols. 4to ; Appendix,
1778, 4to, (of doubtful authenticity.) Characters, 1777,
12mo. Supplement to his Letters. 1777, '87. 4to. The
Art of Pleasing, in Letters to his Kephew, 1783, 12mo.
Letters to his Heir, 1783, 12mo. Memoirs of Asiaticus,
1784, 4to. Particulars, etc., respecting Chesterfield and
Hume. 1788, 4to. Letters, including many now first pub-
lished from the original MSS. Edited, with Notes, by Lord
Mahon, Lon., 1845, 4 vols. Svo. The papers upon John-
sou's Dictionary, which elicited the celebrated response,
are Xos. 100 and 101 in The World. Some verses of his
composition are in the miscellanies of Dodsley, Almon.
Debret, &c. Pope once borrowed his diamond ring, and
wrote on the window of an inn :
"Accept a miracle instead of wit,
See two dull lines by Stanhope's pencil writ."
"Lord Chestei-field's eloquence, though the fruit of study and
imitation, was in a great measure his own. Equal to most of hi?
contemporaries in eloquence and perspicuity, perhaps surpassed
by some in e.\tensiveness and strength, he could have no compe-
titors in choice of imagery, taste, urbanity, and graceful irony." —
Da. Maty.
"Chesterfield's entrance info the world was announced by his
bons mots; and his closing lips dropped repartees, that sparkled
with his juvenile fire." — Horace Walpole.
Chesterfield, Thomas de, Canon of Lichfield.
Historia de Episcopis Coventrentibus et Lichfield a prima
sedis foundationc ad annum 1347. cum notis.
Chesterton, George Laval, for about twenty-seven
years Governor of Cold-Bath Fields Prison. Proceedings
in Venezuela, 1819-20, Lon., 1820, Svo, Revelations of
Prison Life, ISofi, 2 vols. Svo; two eds. in same year.
" As a cuiious bit of human history these volumes are remark-
able. They are very real, very simple, — dramatic without exaggo-
ration, philosopliic without being dull." — Lon. Athcn., 18it6. KOo-
Che^ton, K. B. Profess, treatises, 17f't6, '80, '84.
Chethaui, Jas. Angler's Vade-Mccum. Lon.. 1CS9. Svo.
Chetham, Johu. Psalmody; Sth edit.. 1752, Svo.
Chettle, Henry, a dramatic writer of the age of
Elizabeth, was tlic author of the Tragedy of Huffman, or
a Revenge fur a Father, 1631, 4to; and" was concerned,
more or less, according to Henslowe's Diary, in the pro-
duction of 38 plays, "only four of which have been
printed and have descended to us." See Collier's Hist, of
English Dramatic Poetry, and the Biog. Dramat.
Chetwind, Charles. Narrative rel. to Mr. Ireland,
executed for Hi^-^h Treason, Lon.. 1679. fol.
Chetwind, Edward, D.D. Serms., 1608, '12. Vow
of Teares fur the Losse of Prince Henry, 1612, Svo.
Chetwind, .John. See Chktwynd.
Chetwind, Philip. Petition to Parliament. 1649, fol.
Chetw^ood, Knightly, D.D., 1652-1720, Fellow of
King's College, Cambri-lge, 1683. Serms., 1700. '08, '15.
Speech, 1715. Life of Lycurgus, in trans, of Plutarch's
Lives, pub. in lfiS3. Poems in Nichols's Collection, <fec.
Chetwood, William Rufus, d. 1766. The Lover's
Opera, Lon., 1730, Svo. Gentral History of the Stage,
1749. Plays, 1750. The British Theatre, 1750, 12mo.
*' A compilation full of the prossest blunders."
Life of Ben Jonson, 1756, 12mo. Theatrical Records,
1756, 12mo. George Steevens did not venerate Chetwood
as an author ; he calls him
'* A liloi-kh. ad, and a measureless and bungling liar."
Chetwynd, James. Treatise on Fines, Lon., 1773,4to.
Chetwynd, Johu, 1623-1692, a Presbyterian; con-
formed on the Restoration. Serms., 1653, "59, "82. An-
thologia Historica, 1674, Svo ; repub. under the title of
Collections, Historical, Political, Theological, collected out
of the most esteemed Authors of all Sorts of Learning,
digested into fifteen Centuries, to which is annexed a Cen-
tury of Legendary Stories, 1691, Svo. He edited hia
grandfather's (Sir John Harrington) Brief View of the
State of the Church of Enghiiid, Ac, being a character
and history of the Bishops, 1653, 12mo.
Chevalier, Thomas, Surgeon, d. 1824. Observa-
tions, Lon., 1797, 8vo. Introdue. to Lectures, 1801, Svo,
Treatise on Gun Shot Wounds, 1804, 12mo. History of an
Enbirgement, &q. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1S09, "11, "13.
Chevalier, Temple, Prof. Mathematics and Astro-
nomy, and Honorary Ctinon of Durham. Trans, of the
Epistles of Clement, Polycarp, Ignatius, and of the Apo-
logies of Justin Martyr and TertuUian, Camb., 1803, Svo.
■*An ext-ellent translation, with an intniduetion. and briet notes
illustrative of the ecclesiastical history of the first two centuries,"
— LnwNDFs.
Historical Types in the Old Testament: 20 Discourses
preached at the'llulsean Lecture in 1826, Camb., 1826, 8vo.
" The subject chnsen is important and inteiestinir. and h:is been
illustrated with ability and judgment."' — British Critic. Oct. IS21.
On the Proofs of Divine Power and AVisdom derived
from the Study of Astronomy ; preached at the Hulsean
Lecture, 1S27 Camb., 1827 Svo.
Chew, Samuel, Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania, d.
1744. The L.iwfulncss of Defence against an Avowed
Enemy, 1741, '75. Juilge C. was a Quaker, and this pub-
lication gave great offence to the members of that sect.
Chewney, \ichoIas. Theolog. treatises, 1656, '60,
Cheyn, William. Theolog. treatises, 1718, '20.
Cheyne. Funeral Sermon, 1H69, 4to.
Cheyne, George, M.D., 1671-1743, a native of Scot-
land, was a pupil of the celebrated Dr. Archiliald Pitcairn,
whom he styles his '' grcnt master and generous friend."
Dr. Cheyne pub. a number of medical, theological, and
philosophical works ; some of which we notice. A New
Theory of acute and slow-continued Fevers, Lon., 1702,
Svo. Flu.\iorum Methodus inversa, &c., 1703, 4to. Plii-
losophical Principles of Natural Religion, 1705, Svo. Ob-
servations on the Gout, Ac, 1720, Svo. Essay on Health
and Long Life, 1725, Svoj in Latin, 1726, Svo; Paring,
1742, 2 vols. 12mo.
'■ 1 heartily condemn and detest nil personal reflections, all mar
liciouH and unmannerly terms, and all false and unjust misrepre-
sentations, as unbecomintj gentlemen, scholars, aud Christiaus."
— /Vf/(j(T to Essii)/.
What a noble lesson to all controversialists !
The English Malady, or a Treatise of Nervous Diseases
of all Kinds: as Spleens. Vapours, Lowness of Spirits, Hy-
pochondriacal and Hysterical Distempers, Ac, 1733, Svo.
In this work he tells us he never found any sensible tran-
quillity till he came to the firm and .settled resolution, viz. :
"To netllect nnthinf!; to secure my eternal peace, more than
if I had been certified I should die within the day ; nor to mind
any thin^r that ray secular obligations aud duties demand of me,
less than if 1 had been insured to live filty years more." — English
Miiiadij, p. 'i'.'j'i.
What a noble example to all men !
Essay on Regimen, 1739, Svo. This last work was en-
titled. Natural Method of Curing Diseases of the Body,
and the Disorders of the Mind depending on the Body: in
three parts, 1742, Svo: dedicated to the Earl of Chester-
field. An Account of Dr. Cheyne and his various Cures,
1743, Svo.
" He is to be ranked amoriK those physicians who have accounted
for the operations of un.-dicine, and the morliid alterations which
take place in the human body, upon mechanical principles. A
spirit of piety and benevolence, and an ardent zeal for the inte-
rests of virtue, are predominant throui^hout his writings.'' — T. :
Bv-g. Brit.
Cheyne, James, d. 1602, a native of Aberdeen. Pro-
fess, of Pliilns., and Rector of the Scuts College at Donay.
Analysis in Philosuphiam Aristot., Douay, 1573, Svo. De
Sph.xre seu Globi Ccelestis Fabrica, 1575, Svo. De Geo-
graphia; lib. duo, 1576, Svo. Orationes duo, 1577, Svo.
Analysis et Scholia in Aristot., 1578, Svo. Analysis in
Physiologiana Aristoteliana, Par., 1580, Svo.
" He was a man of extraordinary Krudition, and p'eat Prudence;
and by his many and subtile writings in I'hilosophy and Matho-
matics. acquired a p;reat reputation." — (<kurok Con, trans, from the
jAitiv in Miiclenzir's .Satcfi Wn'tcrs. vol. iii.
Cheyne, John, M.D., 1777-1836, a native of Leith,
acted for some time as assistant to bis father, who prac-
377
CUE
tised medicine and surgery, and studied pathology with
Sir Charles Bell as an associate. la ISOS ho removed to
Dublin, and at first bad so little success that his receipts
from November, 1810, to May. ISll, were only three gui-
neas. From 1820 to 1830 they averaged £6000 per an-
num. Essays on the Diseases of Children; with Cases
and Dissections, Edin., ISOl, '03, '08. On Hydrocephalus
acutus, 1808, 8vo. The Pathology of the Membrane of the
Larynx and Bronchia, 1809, 8vo. Cases of Apoplexy and
of Lethargy, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Cheyiie, R. M., and A. Bonar. Narrative of a Mis-
sion of'lntiuiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland
in 1839.
"We have enjoyed no travels in Palestine like these, and we
have read munyr—Piesbulerian Keview. „,_.., , „
" The volumes furnish delishtful reading. The Scriptural Ke-
terences amount tn more than 900."— PriJitffore Ilnnfw.
Cheynell, Francis, 1608-1665, a Nonconformist di-
vine, a native of Oxford, was elected Probationer Fellow
of Merton College in 1629; Rector of Petworth. Sussex,
1643 • ejected 1662. The Rise, Growth, and Danger of
Socinianisme, Lon., 1643, 4to. In this hooli, which was
pub by authority, some eminent divines were charged with
Socinianism. Chillingworthi Novissima, or the Sickness,
Heresy, Death, and Burial of W. C, 1644, 4to; also pub.
by authority. ^ ^ ...
'■A most ludicrous as well as melancholy instance of fanaticism,
or religious madness."— ii/c o/ (?'aHi>i(7i"'»-Wi.
Cheynell had a most violent antipathy to some ot cnil-
lingworth's views and to his memory, and evinced it in a
manner not the most decorous. Sermons, 1645, ■46, 4to.
Disputation between Cheynell and Erburg, 1646, 4to. The
Sworn Confederacy between the Convocation at Oxford
and the Tower at London, 1647, 4to. Doctrine of the
Holv Trinity, 1650, 8vo. The Beacon Flaming, 16o2,4to.
•• 1 shall now only tell you that he was accounted by many, es-
pecially those of his party, (who had him always in great venera-
ttou,) a good disputant and preacher, and better he might have
been and of a more sober temper, had he not been trouliled with
a weakness in his head which some in his time called craziness.
Chibalil, William. Theolog. Treatises, 1622, 25, 30.
Chichester, lidward. Oppressions and Cruelties of
Irish Revenue Officers, Lon., 1818, Svo. See McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Economy. Deism compared with Christianity,
3 vols. 8vo. , , . ..
"A. book of reference, containing all the prmoipal objections
against lieve.aled Religion, with their refutations."
Chiilley, Catherine. Independent Churches, Ibii.
Chidley, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651-57.
Chifney. Genius Geuuine, a Treatise on Horses and
Horse Racing, Lon., 1804, Svo. ,,. « » v
'•This book, containing an account of some of the first charac-
ters on the turf, i.= said to have been suppressed." I'ub. at i.5 6s.
Chilcot, Ilaiript. See Meziere.
Chilcot, William, d.l7U. Serm., 1797, Svo. Seven
Sermons on Evil Thoughts, 1734, 12mo ; 1835, 32mo;
1851. ISmo.
Child, Miss. Spinster at Home, Lon., Svo.
Child, Francis J., Boylston Prof, of Rlietoric and
Oratory in Harvard College. lu 1S48, soon after leaving
college, he pub. an edition of some old plays, under the
title °of Four Old Plays. Is editing, (1858,) with much
success, A Complete Collection of the British Poets, from
Chaucer to Wordsworth; embracing the whole Works of
the Most Distinguished Authors, with Selections Irom the
Minor Poets; accompanied with Biographical, Historical,
and Critical Notices. Ninety-six vols, have appeared, pub.
bv Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
"'■All persons whnse standard of home-comfort embraces more
than one siiK-le bookshelf must have the British Poets in some
form- and they may he sure that they will never be able to pro-
cure them in a more couveiiient and economical form than that
wliich ilicse vuluines wear." — Cln^tian Examiner.
Child, George Chaplin, M.D. On Indigestion a,nd
Certain Bilious Disorders often conjoined with it ; to which
ire added Short Notes on Diet; 2d ed., Lon., 1854, Svo.
'■ [his edition is considerably altered and iaiproved by the incor-
Doration of tlie extended experience which tlie author luis acauiied
We must warmly recommend it to our readers as a safe and usetul
guide in the trca'tuieiit of a very troublesome class of disorders. —
Dii'din Qiiaiierhi Jmirmd.
Child, Major John. Now England s .Jonas cast up
at London. Lon., 1647 : refers to the trial of Robert ChUd,
of which Winthrop gives an account.
Child, Sir Josiah, an eminent merchant and writer
on Political Economy temp. Charles IL Di^'^ourse of
Trade, Lon., 1668, 4to; 6th edit., Glasg., 17ol, 12mo.
•■ Some of the priuciples advanced by Child are so sound, and so
for,iMv and concisely expressed, that they assume the sh.ape of
maxims."-McCui.LOC[l: iit. raw. Sccaoniy
A Treatise, wherein it is demonstrated that the Ji. India
378
CHI
Trade is the Most N.ational of all Foreign Trades, Lon.,
16S1, 4to. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. Obser-
ratio'ns concerning Trade and the Interest of Money, 1668,
4to'. ' Sir Thomas Culpepper's Tract on Usurie, 1623, 4to,
is annexed to this treatise. The Interest of England Con-
sidered, 1694, Svo. Relief and Employment of the Poor.
Repub. in the Somers CoUec. of Tracts, voh xi.
Child, L.ydia Maria, one of the most eminent of
American authors, was Miss Francis, a sister of the Rev.
Convers Francis, D.D., of Harvard University. Her first
publication was Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times, 1824;
which was followed in 1825 by The Rebels, a Tale of the
Revolution. In 1831 she pub. The Mother's Book.
"This excellent work, while it displays the intelligence of the
enli-htencd instructor, breathes throughout the spirit of the affec-
tionate Christian parent."— A'odce of the Enyhsh rejtrtnt.
A History of the Condition of Women ot all Ages and
Nation.s, aiid The Girl's Book, appeared in 1832, and The
Coronal, pieces in Prose and Verse, was pub. in 1833. In
1835 Mrs. Child gave to the world Philothea, a Romance
of Greece in the days of Pericles, which has been highly
recommended as a successful effort in a difficult field. In
1S41 Mr. and Mrs. Child removed to New York, and as-
sumed the editorial oversight of the Anti-Slavery Standard.
Mrs. Child's well-kuown letters to the editor of the Boston
Courier were collected into a volume under the title of
Letters from New York; a second series was pub. in 1845.
To this popular and instructive writer we are also indebted
for the following works :
The American Frugal Housewife. Appeal in Favour of
Africans. Biographies of Good Wives. Flowers for Chil-
dren ; three parts. The Family Nurse. Memoirs of Ma-
dame De Stacl and Roland. Power of Kindness, and other
Stories. Rose Marion. Fact and Fiction. Isaac T. Hop-
per: a True Life. The Progress of Religious Ideas through
Successive Ages, 1855, 3 vols. 12rao.
Interesting particulars respecting Mrs. Child's literary
history, and specimens of her writings, will be found in
Griswold's Prose Writers of America; and Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record.
Child, Samuel. Every Man his own Brewer, Lon.,
'childi William, Mus. Doct., 1607-1697, B. A., Christ
Church College, Oxford, 1631; Mus. Doct., 1663; was for
65 years organist of Windsor Chapel. Psalms for three
Voices, Lon., 1 639, Svo. Some of his secular compositions
will be found in Court Airs, pub. in 1655 ; and his Services
and full Anthems are in Boyce's Collection. Some of bis
compositions are in Dr. Tudway's MS. Collection of Eng-
li.sh Church Music in British Museum. See Burney's and
Hawkins's Histories of Music.
Childe, C. F. Sermons at Walsall, Lon., Svo.
Childe, E. N. Edward Vernon, New York.
Childe, F. V. Trans, of Santarcm's Americus Ves-
pucius and his Voyages. Bost., 1850, 12mo.
"An interesting little volume, and one which throws valuable
light on obscure portions of our history, of value to om- own his-
toriographers."
Children, John. A Public Caution, Svo.
Children, John G. Chemical Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1S09 '15; to Phil. Mag. 1SI6 ; to Ann. Philos., 1816.
Childrey, Joshua, 162,3-1670, of Magdalen Col-
lege, Oxford; Archdeacon of Salisbury, 1663. Indago
Astrologica, Lon., 1652, 4to. Syzgiasticon Instauratum,
1673, Svo. Britannia Baconica, or the Natural Rarities
of England, historically related, according to the precepts
of Lord Bacon, 1661-62, Svo ; in French, Paris, 1662-
67, 12ino. This w.irk suggested to Dr. Plot his Natural
Hi'storv of Oxfordshire. Con. to Phih Trans., i. 516.
Chiids, G. B. Improvement of the Female Figure,
Lon., 12mo. Operation of L.ateral Curvature of the Spine,
r. Svo. Medical Treatise, 12mo.
Chiids, J. J. Picture Bilile, Lon., 2 vols. 64mo.
Chiids, Uichard. Commercial Tables, Lon., 12mo.
Chillester, James. Trans, of Chelidonius's Hys-
torie of Christian Princes, ic, Lon., 1571, 4to.
Chillinden, Edmund. Preaching without Ordina-
tion, Lon., 1647, 4to. Nathan's Parable; with a Letter to
Cromwell, 1053, 4to.
Chillinsworth, William, 1602-1644, was the son
of WiUianf Chillingworth, M.ayor of Oxford. In IblS
he was admitted to Trinity College, of which he became
Fellow in 1628. Ho was noted at an early age for great
application to study, and that acuteness in controversy
which distinguished him in later years. v »v- „
''^it was '•> -'-■•-Vl-dr nrhira' iTtf "t'e'w'h^n-hl
semed to r 'Zwouirot'n waSTn'the CoUege grove, and con-
CHI
template; hut when ho met with any scholar there, he would
enter into disooursc, and dispute with hiui, purposely to facilitate,
and make the way of wrangling conmn n with him, which was n
fashion used in those days, especially among the disputing theo-
lo^ists or among those that set themselves apart purposely for
Divinity. But upon the change of the times, occasioned by the
Purit.an. that way, forsooth, was accounted boyish and pedagogi-
cal.''— Wood's Athfn. Oxon.
He paid some attention to poetry, and was considered
by Sir John Suckling worthy of a place in his Session of
the Poets :
"• There was Selden, and he sat hard by the chair,
Wainman not far oCF, which was very fair.
Sands with Townshend, for they kept no order,
Digby and Chillingworth a little further."
Chillingworth's reputation fur uncommon powers of
luind drew upon him the attention of the famous Jesuit,
John Pisher. alias John Perse, (his true name.) and by
dexterously plying him with his arguments in proof of
the infaUibility of the Church of Rome, be persuaded
Chillingworth to embrace the religion of that communion,
and to go over to the College of the Jesuits, at Douay.
But his godfather, Laud, then Bishop of Loudon, in his
correspondence with him, argued with such effect against
his new opinions, that in two months from the time he
left England, be returned home, and upon due examina-
tion of the questions between the two churches, he re-
turned to the communion of the Church of England. If
Laud bad done nothing more than this for the Protestant
cause, be deserved better treatment than he has received
from those who have charged bim with an inclination to-
wards Popery.
As might have been anticipated, Chillingworth now be-
came engaged in several coiitri)ver.-ies with bis late fellow-
churchmen. A Jet^uit named Mwltblas Wilson published
in 1630, under the name of Edward Knott, a little treati.^e
called Charity Mistaken, ko. Dr. Putter answered this in
1633. The next year the Jesuit published a rejoinder,
entitled Mercy and Truth, or Chanty maintained by Ca-
tholics. It was in answer to this treatise, that in 1638
Chillingworth published his great work. The Religion of
Protestants a safe Way to Salvation, <fec. This book im-
mediately became so popular, that two editions were pub-
lished in five months. After overcoming some scruples
relative to the subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles, he
was promoted to the chancellorship of Salisbury, with the
prebend of Brixworth in Northamptonshire annexed. lie
was a warm adherent of the Royal p.arty, and was present
at the siege of Gloucester in 1643, where he made some
military suggestions, which were not acted on, for the
very excellent reason that the successful enemy prevented
the opportunity. He was taken prisoner shortly after by
the parliamentary forces, while suffering under sickness at
Arundel Castle : he was conveyed to the Bishop's palace at
Chi'.bester, where he died about the 30th of January, 1644.
Chillingworth's Nine Sermons on Occasional Subjects
were pub. Lon., 1664. The Apostolical Institution of
Episcopacy, in 1644. Letter giving an account why bo
deserted the Church of Rome, in 1704. In 1725 there
was published by M. Des Maizeaux, an Historical and
Critical Account of his Life. An edition of his works ap-
peared in 1684, fob; and the tenth edit, with corrections
and improvements was pub. in 1742, fol. New edit., Ox-
ford Univ. Press, in 3 vols. Svo, 1838. Contents : Vol. I.
Life; Charity maintained by Catholics, with Prefaces.
II. Charity maintained, (continued.) III. Sermons; Addit.
Discourses; Answer to Rushworth's Dialogues; Against
Punishing Crimes with Death; Index to Charity main-
tained.
Wood declares that the Royal party in Chichester
looked upon the impertinent discourses of Cheynell (a
Nonconformist divine, who attended Chillingworth in bis
last illness.) as "a shortening of his days." This man
published a work called Chillingwortbi Novissima: or the
Sickness, Heresy, Death, and Burial of William Chilling-
worth, 1644, concerning which an eminent authority
remarks :
"One of the most viUainous books that ever was printed: it is
the quintessence of railing, and ought to be kept, or rt-garded, as
the pattern and standard of that sort of writing; as the man he
spends it upon, for that of good nature, and clear and strong
argument." — JoiiN Locke.
Wc might fill many pages with encomiastic opinions of
our author, and his principal work.
" Hobbes of Malmsbury would often say that he was like a
lustv, fighting fellow, that did drive his enemies before him, but
would often give his own party smart back blows; and it was the
current opinion of the University that he and Lucius, Lord Falk-
land, had such extraordinary clear reason, that, if the great Turk
or devil were to be converted, they wei-e able to do it."
" I know not how it comes to pass, but so it is, that every one
CHI
that offers to give a reasonable acrount of his faith, and to esta-
blish religion upon rational piintiples. is presently branded for a
Socinian; of which we have a sad instance in that incomparable
person Mr. Chillingworth, the glory of this age and nation." —
AECHBISnOP TlLLOTSON.
Mr. Locke recommends the last-quoted author as a pat-
tern for the attainment of the art of speaking clearly, and
then proceeds to remark:
"Besides perspicuity, there must be also right reasoning, with-
out which perspicuity serves but to expose the speaker. And for
attaining of this, I should propose the constant reading of Chil-
lingworth, who, by his example, will teach both persviicuity. and
the way of right leasoning, better than any book that I know,
and therefore will deserve to be read upon that account over and
over again, not to say any thing of his argument." — Some ThougHs
canceniing Heading and Study for a GtnU&nan.
Lord Clarendon tells us that
"Mr. Chillingworth was a man of so great subtilty of \inder-
standing, and bo rare a temper in debate, that as it was impossible
to provoke him iTito any passion, so it was very difficult to ket-p a
man's self from being a little discomposed by his sharpness, and
quickness of argument, and instances, in which he bad a rare
facility, and a great advantage over all the men I ever knew."
"Those who desire to know the doctrines of the Church of Eng-
land, must read especially Chillingworth's admirable book, The
Reli-ion of Protestants."— MosHEiM.
Chillingworth's "new creed was built on the principle, that the
Bible is our sole judge, and private reason our .sole interpreter;
and he most ably ninintains this position in the Relijiion of a
Protestant, a book which is stJU esteemed the most solid defence
of the Kefurmation."— Edward Gibbon.
He was '■ the best reasoner and the most acute logician of his
age."— Dn. Keid.
" His great excellency consisted in his acquired logic, the syllo-
gisms of Aristotle audCrakenthorp having been a principal part
of his studies."— Up. Barlow,
" In testimony of his true conversion, he wrote a book entituled,
The Reliiiion of Protestants a safe way to Salvation, against Mr.
Knott the .Jesuit. I will not say, ' Malo nodo mains qua?ivndu3
est cuneus,' but affirm no person better qualified than this aulhor
with all necessary accomplishments to encounter a Jesuit. It is
commonly reported that Dr. Frideaux compared his book to a
lamprey ; fit for food, if the venomous sting were taken out of the
back thereof: a passage, in my opinion, inconsistent with the
doctor's approbation, prefixed in the beginning of his book." —
Fuller's Whrtl'ies.
Lord Mansfield mentions Chillingworth as a perfect
model of argumentation. Bishop Warburton observes
that the student
" Will see all the school jargonof the subtle Jesuit incomparably
exposed; and the long dispute between the two churches, for the
first time, placed upon its proper immovable ground, the Bible
alone."
" If you would have your son reason well, let him read Chilling-
worth."— Locke: On Educidifm.
For a comparison between Chillingworth, Barrow, Tay-
lor, and Hooker, see Barrow.
Mr. Hallam, in comparing Chillingworth with his po-
lemical adversary Knott, remarks that
"Knott is by no means a despicable writer; he is concise, po-
lished, and places in an advantageous light the great leading
arguments of his Church. Chillingworth, with a more diffuse and
less elegant style, is greatly superior in impetuosity and warmth.
In his long parenthetical periods, as in those of other old English
writers; in his copiousness, which is never empty or tautological,
there is an inartificial elegance, springing from strength of intel-
lect and sincerity of feeling, that cannot fail to impress the reader.
But his chief excellence is the close reasoning, which avoids every
dangerous admission, and yields to no ambiguousness of language.
. . , The work of Chillingworth may at least be understood and
appreciated without reference to any other: the condition, per-
haps, of real superiority in all productions of the mind." — Intro-
duction to the Lcteralure of Europr.
Chilniead, EdAVard, 1610-1653. clerk of Magdalen
College, Oxford. Catalogus MSS. Grreoorum in Bibl.
Bod., 10;ifi ; a MS. for the use of the Bodltian, and the
most complete of its time. Chilmead wrote some learned
works, and pub. translations from Ferraud, Modena, &c.
His tract, De Musica antiqua Grteca, was printed at the
end of the Oxford edit, of Aratus, 1672. His work on
Globes, Celestial and Terrestrial, appeared in HV.'S, Svo.
Chilton, John, Positive Institutions, Lon., 1730, Svo.
Chilton, Richard. Observations rel. to Anabaptism,
<fcc., Lon.. 174S. Svo.
Chipman, Daniel. Law of Contracts, Middlebury,
1822, 8vo, See Hoffman's Leg. Stu., 3So. Reports of
Cases in the Supreme Court of Vermont, 17S9-1824, Mid-
dlebury. 1824, Svo; Burlington, 1S35. Life of Nath. Chip-
man, with selections from his Papers, Boston, 18J6. Svo.
Chiiiman, Nath. Principles of Government, 17'J3,8vo.
"The style of this work is very involved and obscure. His
thoughts are not distinct, and the work, as a whole, is too al>-
stract and inconclusive to be of much service to practical men." —
13 A. J.. 4(15.
Chii)pendale5 Thomas. Household Furniture,
1762, ful.
Chirol, J. L. 1. Serm. 2. Inquiry, 1810. '20, Svo.
Chisenhale, Sir Edward. Catho'like History, Lon.,
379
cni
1653, 12mo. Elicited by Thos. Vane's Lost Sheep Re-
turiKHl Hume, 1I.U8, Svo.
Chisholii), Mrs, Caroline, b. 1810, Wooton, North-
amptousliire, Eng. Voluntary Information of the People
of New Suuth Wales. See Memoirs and Sketches of, by
Macki-nzie. 12mo.
Chi^holm, Colin, M.D. Profess, treat,, 1795-1813.
Chistiull, Kdmund, d. 1733, a native of Bedford-
shire, M.A., Corpus Christi College, 1693 ; Chaplain to the
English Factory at Smyrna, 1698-1705; Vicar of Wal-
thamstow, 1711; Rector of South Church, Essex, 1731.
A charge of Heresy against Dodwell, 1706, Svo. Serms.,
1708, '11, '12, '14, '16, '18, '19. Mr. C. paid much atten-
tion to Classical Antiquities. Inscriptio Sigae antiquissima,
Lon., 1721, fol. Antiquitates Asiaticje, &c., 1728, fol. In
this learned work are included previous publications of
the author. Travels in Turkey and back to England, 1747,
fol. ; pub. by the learned Dr. Mead.
ChishnU, John. Theolog. Treatises, 1657, '58.
Chi!!imun, Chris, The Lamb contending with the
Lion, 1649, 4to.
Chittenden, Thomas, 1730-1797, first Governor of
Vermont. Several of his Letters to Congress and to Gene-
ral Washington have been pub. See Williams's Vermont;
Graham's Sketch of V.
Chitty, Edward. An Index to all the Reported
Cases, A.C. in the English and Irish Courts of Equity to
August, 1837, 2d edit., Lon., 1837; 3d edit, brought down
to 1853, by James Macauley, 4 vols. roy. Bvo, Lon., 1853 ;
Phila., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Chitty, E., and Foster, F.; A
Digested Index to C. L. R., relative to Conveyancing and
Baukruptey, from 1558 to the present time, Lon., 1841,
Svo. Cbitty, E., and Montagu, B. ; Cases in Bankruptcy
in C. of R. and S. C, 1838-40, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Chitty, Henry. A Treatise on the Law of Descents,
Lon., 1S25, Svo.
Chitty, Jos,, 1776-1841, an eminent special pleader,
was called to the Bar by the honouralile Society of the
Middle Temple in 1816. As a legal author he long occu-
pied the first rank. On the Laws of Bills cf Exchange,
Lon., 1799, Svo; 9th edit... by J. II. Chitty and J. W. Hulme,
1840, 8vo; 10th Amer. edit.. Springfield, 1842, Svo, new
edit., 1849, Svo. The Precedents of General Issues, Ac,
Lou., 1805. Pleadings and Parties to Actions, Lon., 1S08,
2 vols. Svo; 7th edit., by H. Greening, Lon., 1S44, 2 vols.
Svo; 8th Amer. edit., Springfield, 1S44; 11th Amer. edit,
by J. C. Perkins, 1847, 3 vols. Svo.
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Svo. Mr. Chitty at one time studied Medicine, and has
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complete.
" Invaluable to lawyer or medicnl man." " Chitty's eminence as
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ori"'inally educated for the medical profession. This work w;is bis
own favourite subject, and he laboured incessantly to render it
perfect, availing himself of assistance and works of all eminent
men,— Dr. Beck, Darwall, Paris. Fonblanque. Gordon Smith, Ryan,
Quain, Klliotson, Blumenbat-h, Good, Astley Cooper, Copeland.
Prichard, Gray, Thonisnn, Farr, Fordyce, Wilcocke, Lancet, Medi-
cal Gazette, journal, liell. Amos. Edwards, Turner, Itostock, Law-
rence, Lizars, Cuvier, Younc and numerous otheis."
Concise View of the Principlesj Object, and Utility of
380
CHO
Pleadings, 2d edit., Lon., 1835, 2 vols. Svo. General Prao-
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1807-42; Phila., 1836-40, 4 vols. Svo.
"Valuable as are Mr. Chitty's former labours, and highly as
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expressing our conviction that the merits and usefulness of the
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of gratitude.' — Loitd"7i Law Magazmt.
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stone's Commentaries."— irurrm's Law Studies.
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and References by E. D. Ingraham. Esq., Phila., 1852,
Svo. The 1st edit, of Vattel was pub. in Switzerland in
175S; in English, 1760. Mr. Cbitty thus commends it:
" I affirm, without the hazard of a contradiction, that every one
who has attentively read Vattel's work, will admit that he has ac-
quired a knowledge of superior sentiments, and more important
information than be ever derived from any other work.
Mr. Chitty's edition deserves high praise:
'• The reader and student of Monsieur Vattel's work cannot fail
to admire the style and manner in which the grave and difficult
subjects of which it treats are elucidated and discussed. There is
a clearness and conciseness, and at the same time, an eloquence
in these commentaries, presented even iu the translation, which
entitle them, apart from their weight of authority, to a place by
the side of Blackstone."— i-m. LiUirary World.
Mr. Chitty's edit, of Elackstono should accompany the
above volume. Several members of Mr. Chitty's family
have distinguished themselves as legal authors or editors,
{q.v.)
Chitty, Joseph, Jr. A Treatise on the Law of the
Prerogatives of the Crown, and the relative Duties and
Rights of the Subject, Lon., 1820, Svo.
" A valuable work."— Pcie^-St/orjf s Lrct. 64.
Precedents in Reading. &c., edited by Henry Pearson
and Thompson Chitty, Lon., 1836, 2 parts, Svo. Amer.
edit, Springfield, 1S39, 2 vols. Svo. Bills of Exchange,
Ac. Lon., 1834, 2 vols. Svo. Summary of the Office and
Duties of Constables, Lon., 1837, 12mo; 3d edit., by T.
W. Saunders, 1844, 12mo. Law of Contracts not uuder
Seal, &,c. ; 3d edit., corrected, rearranged, and enlarged by
T. Chitty, Lon., 1840, Svo; 6th Amer., from the 3d Lon.,
edit., with addits. by J. C. Perkins, Springfield, 1844, Svo.
" I ought not to omit to recommend Chitty on Contracts. The
book is skilfully arranged, clearly written, the cases well classitied,
and most fully collected. For both the student and practitioner
this work is equally useful, instructive, and necessary." — PuoF.
Whiteside.
Chitty, T. Forms of Practical Proceedings in the
Courts of Q. B., C. P.. and Exchequer of Pleas, Lon., 1834,
Svo; 7th edit.. 1845, 12mu.
Choate, Rufus, b. 1790, at Ipswich, Massachusetts,
an eminent lawyer and late United States Senator from
Mass., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819. He was
chosen a tutor iu that institution, but preferred the pro-
fession of the Law, and entered the Law School at Cam-
bridge. His orations, several of which have been pub.,
have been greatly admired. In 1832 he was elected a
member of Congress from the Essex district. In 1841 he
was elected a U. S. Senator iu jjlace of Daniel Webster,
resigned.
Cholmley, Ilus^h. State of the New Roman Church,
1629, Svo.
Cholmondeley. The Four Gospels, Lon., 1836, r. Svo.
See Home's Bili. Bibl.
Chorley, H. F, Conti, and other Tales, Lon., 3 vols,
p. 8vo. Lion, 3 vols. p. Svo. Music and Manners in France
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1845. Sketcbesof aSeaPort Town, 3 vols. p. Svo. Memo-
rials of Mrs. Heraans. The Authors of England; 15])lales;
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"An annual of the first magnitude and importance." — I^on.
Spectator.
"■ This, for the present season, shall be our Annual. The plates
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Chorley, Joseph. Metrical Index to the Bible,
Norw., 1711, Svo.
Chorley, William B,, b. about ISOO, in Lancashire,
Eng.; i:iaer brother of H. F. Chorley. Translated Lyrics
of Kcirnt-r from the German. Liverpool, 1835, 12mo.
Chorltoii, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1773, Svo.
Choules, John Overton, D.D., b. 1801, at Bristol,
Eng.; settled iu America. 1824. History of Missions, 2 vols.
4to, plates; 3d ed.,lS40. Christian Offering. YouugAmcri-
Clio
CIIU
cans Aliriiai], 1S52. Cruise of Steam Yacht "North Star."
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Chovenus, Thos. CoUectiones Theologicae, Lon.,
1635, Svo.
Christian, Edward. Reflections. Ac. rcl. to the mur-
der of Sir E. Go.H'rcy. Lon., 1679, fol.'
Christian, Edward, d. 1823, Professor of the Laws
of England in the Uixiversity of Cambridge, was educated
at St. John's College, Cambridge. A Vindication of the
Rights of the Universities of G. B. to a copy of every new
publication, 3d edit., Lon., 1S18, Svo. Rules of Evidence
before the House of Lords, 1792, Svo. Blackstone's Com-
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Svo. Every statute and general order of the chancellor is
considered chronologically. Game Laws, 1816, Svo. Plan
for a country Provident Bank, 1816, Svo. Other treatises.
Christian, Edward. Minutes of C. Martial rel. to
the Mutiny on the " Bounty," 1792.
Christian, Lt. T. P. Pl.ays, Ac, 1790, '91, '95.
Christian, Thcoph. The Fashionable World dis-
played, 1804.
Christie, Alex. Theolog. treatise?, Montrose, 1790.
Christie, Hugh, 1730-1774. Educational works,
1760, '91.
Christie, J. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour., 1799, 1800.
Christie, J. Traill. Concise Precedents of Wills,
Lon., 1849, 12mo.
Christie, James, d. 1831, an antiquary and auc-
tioneer of London. lutjuiry into the Ancient Greek Game,
supposed to have been invented by Pal.amedes, Ac, Lon.,
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An Essay on the earliest species of Idolatry, the Worship
of theElement.x, 1815. Svo. Painted Greek Vases,lS25,4to.
Christie, James. Analysis of a Report, Ac., Lon.,
1S47, Svo.
Christie, Thomas, 1761-1796, a native of Montrose.
Letters on the Revolution of France, Lon., 1791, Svo.
Miscellanies ; Philosophical, Medical, and Moral, 1792,8vo.
Christie, Thomas, M.D. Small Pox. Ac, 1799, ISll.
Christie, W. D. Plea for Perpetual Copyright, Lon.,
1840. Svo.
Christie, William, 1710-1744. Latin Grammar, Ac
Christison, Alex. General Diffusion of Knowledge,
Edin., 1802. Mathemat. con. to Ann. Philos., 1815, '17.
Christison, John. Simson's Euclid; new edit., Svo.
Christison, Ilobert, M.D., Prof. Materia Medica,
Univ. Edin. A Dispensatory; Amer. ed., with addits. by
R. E. Gritfith. M.D., Phila,. 1848, Svo.
"It appears to us as perfect as a Dispensatory, in the present
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Journal r.f Methane and Surgery.
Granular Degeneration of the Kidneys, Lon., 1838, Svo.
A Treatise on Poisons, 4th edit., Edin., 1844, Svo. 1st Amer.
from the 4th English edit., Phila., 1845, Svo.
"It is beyond comparison the most valuable pr.actical Treatise
on Toxicology extant."— inn. Med. and Phi/s. Journal.
" Dr. Christison's great work on Poisons, by far the best in Me-
dical .lurisprudeuce in our lani^uai^e." — Blackwood's Mag.
" One of the greatest additions that has been made to the stores
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Reperlorium.
■■ It exliausts the subject, and is of the highest authority."— 2
We^t. Law Journal^ 4o2.
Christmas, Henry, Rev. Cradlo of Twin Giants:
Science and History, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo. Sundry theo-
logical treatises. Preachers and Preaching, 1858, fp.
Svo.
Christmas, Joseph S. Valedictory Admonit., 1828.
Christopherson, John, d. looS, Bishop of Chiches-
ter, educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, opposed
the Reformation. Trans, of Philo Judajus into "Latin,
Antw., 1553, 4to. Trans, of the Ecclesiastical Histories
of Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomon, Evagrius, and Theodoret,
Louv., 1570, Svo; Cologne, 1570, fol. The Tragedy of
Jephtha, both in Latiu and Greek; about 1546: probably
a Christmas Pl.ay for Trinity College. Exhortation to all
Menne to take Hedo and Beware of Rebellion, Lon., 1553,
'64, 16mo.
Christy, David, h. 1802, in Ohio. Letters on the
Geology of the West and South-West, Chemistry of Agri-
culture. Lectures on Colonization. This work was favour-
ably noticed by the Westminster Rev. History of Missions
in Africa. Elements of Slavery. Billy McConnell, the
Witch-Doctor, Ac.
Chubb, Thomas, 1679-1746, a literary tallow-ch.and-
ler. The Supremacy of the Father asserted, Lon., 1715, Svo.
The Previous Question with regard to Religion, and a Sup-
plement, 1725, Svo. Three Tracts, 1727, Svo. A Collec-
tion of Tracts, 1730, Svo. A Discourse concerning Reason
with regard to Religion and Divine Revelation, 1731, Svo.
An Enquiry, Ac, 1732, Svo. Memoirs, 1747, Svo. Tracts
and Posthumous Works, 1754, 6 vols. Svo. For a confu-
tation of Chubb's follies, see Leland's Deistical Writers •
Lemoine on Miracles ; Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. ; Van MU-
dert's Boyle Lectui-es.
"He acts the part of a solemn, grave buffoon; sneers at .all
things he does not undeistand; and after all his fair promises, and
the caveat be has entered against such a charge, must unaviiiilably
be set down in the seat nf the scorner." — Dr. Law.
Chnbb, Hilliam. Sermons, Ac, Lon., 1585.
Chudleigh, Sir George. Declaration, Lon., 164J,4to.
Chudleigh, James. Exploits Discovered, Ac, Lon.,
1643. 4lo.
Chudleigh, Lady Mary, 1656-1710, wife of Sir
George Chudleigh, was a daughter of Richard Lee of De-
vonshire Poems, Lon., 1703; 3il edit,, 1722, Svo. Essays
in Prose .and Verse, 1710, Svo. For a number of her letters,
see Curll's Collection, vol. 3d ; and the Memoirs of Richard
Guinnctt and Mrs. Thomas, 1731, 2 vols. Svo.
" Her Kssays discover an uncommon degree of piety and know-
ledge; and a noble contempt of those vanities which the generality
of her rank so eagerly pursue." — Ballard's Bntis/t Ladie.<i.
Lady Mary, it is said, left in MS. a number of tragedies,
operas, masques, Ac.
Church, Albert E., b. Salisbury, Conn., Prof. Math.
U.S. Military Acad., West Point. Elements of Analytical
Geometry. Elements of the Differential and Integral Calcu-
lus; containing the Elements of the Calculus of Variations.
" The works of Prof Church are used in many of the best Col-
leges throughout the United States."
Church, Benjamin, 1639-1718, of Du.xbury, Massa-
chusetts. History of Philip's War, compiled from his MS.
by his son Thomas Church, 1716; 4th ed., with Notes by
S. G. Drake, 1827. See Church's N.arrativc
Church, Benjamin, M.D.. of Boston, Mass. Elegy
on the Times. 1765; on Dr. Mayhew, 1766; on the Death
of WhitefieUl, 1770. Oration, 1773. See Thacher's Medi-
cal Bif)g.
Church, C. C. A Due Ordination as necessary as a
Due Call to the Gospel Priesthood, Sermon, 1797.
Church, Daniel, or Ecclesiensis, a domestic in
the Court of Henry II., circ. 1180. Parvus Cato, trans,
by Burgh, and afterwards by John Lydgate. Printed by
Caxton. Lon., fol., slue aiiuo.
Church, Mrs. Eliza Kodman, (acVMcIUvane,)
b. 1S31. She has written under the iwni de filume of
Ella Kodman. Her works are Flights of Faucy, N.Y.,
12mo. Grandmother's Recollections, N.Y., 1851, 12rao.
The Catancse, N.Y., 1S53. Christmas Wreath, Phila., 1857.
Contrib. to various magazines.
Church, Henry. Nature of God and his Attributes,
Lon., 1637, fol. Church Incense,
" Heie many secrets in .Scripture are unveiled,"
Church Incense, or Divine Ejaculations, Lon.,1665,12mo.
This is ascribed by Lowndes to Nath. Church.
Church, John. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1648, 4to.
Church, John, Surgeon. A Cabinet of Quadrupeds,
Lon., 1795-IS05, 2 vols. 4to; £9; in 43 Nos.
"A beautiful and interesting work. The representations are
remarkable for the singular elegance of the designs and engrav-
ings."— Br('/f'.s-/( Critic.
Con. to Meracdrs Med., 1789, '92.
Church, Nafh. 1. Cheap Riches; or a Pocket Com-
panion made of Five Hundred Proverbiall Aphorismes, Ac,
Lon., 1054, 12mo. 2. Divine Ejaculations, 1665, 12mo.
This is ascribed by Watt to Henry Church.
Church, Pharcellus. Mapleton ; or. More Work
for the Maine Law, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
" Wo see plainly before us, panorama-tike, in living pictures, the
horrid effects of the use of intoxicating liquors."
Other works.
Church, Richard. National Education in England,
Lon., 1854. Svo.
" It emltraces all the dehatuhle questions of national education,
(omitting only the subjects that should be taught,) and it deals
with tlieni with a master's hand." — Wnsfvunster Review.
Church, Thomas. His Remonstr.anoe, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Church, Thomas, D.D., 1707-1756, educated at Bral
scnose College, Oxford, Prebendary of St. Paul's, wrote
several controversial treatises, Ac A Vindication of the
Miraculous Powers, Ac, in answer to Dr. Middleton's Free
Inquiry, 1750, Svo. A Second Vindication, 1751, Svo.
Analysis of the Philos. Works of Bolingbroke. Serms
174S, '51, '52, '53, '54, '55, '66, '68, '7S. Other works.
331
CHU
cnu
Chnrchey, WiUiam, Poems, Essays, Ac, Lou., 1789,
1804.
Churchill, Col. Ten Years' Residence on Mount Le-
banon, from 1842-52, Lon., 1S54, 3 vols. 8vo.
*' A vahi.'ilile .niid interestinf^ work."
Churchill, Lord. Letter to the King. fol.
Churchill, Charles, 1731-1764, a native of West-
minster, uf which parish his father was curate, was educated
at Westminster School, and resided for a short time at
Trinity College, Cambridge. A clandestine marriage at an
early age indicated a want of prudence, which was after-
wards manifested in a remarkable degree. In 1756 he was
ordained priest by Bishop Sherlock, and two years later
succeeded his father in the curacy and lectureship of St.
John's at Westminster. About this time his parishioners
■were much shocked by the very unclerical deportment of
their pastor, who was more frequently to be found at the
theatre than in his library, and who neglected the society
of grave and reverend prelates for companionship with
6ome of the most dissipated " men about town." External
decency soon fulluwed forsaken principles, and the clergy-
man shortly appeared, to the wonder of the town, in a blue
coat, ruffles, and gold-laced hat ! He had already tried his
powers as a poet. The Bard, written in 1769, was rejected
by the booksellers, and The Conclave, a satire upon the
Dean and Chapter of Westminster, was suppressed by the
influence of Churchill's friends. In 17G1, after being re-
fused five guineas for The Rosciad — a satire upon the per-
formers at Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres — he
pub. it at his own risk in March, 1761. Its success sur-
passedhismostextravnganthopes. The Critical Reviewers
showed it no mercy, and Cluirchill retorted in The Apology.
Dr. Pearce. the Dean of M'c-tminstcr, took the triumphant
and gratified author seriously to t;isk for such dereliction
from his professional duties and character. Churchill was
in no mood to be reasoned with, and he at once resigned
his post, and became an avowed man of the world — we are
sorry to say in the worst sense of the term. He even de-
serted his wife, who had shared his privations in the strait-
ened circumstances of earlier days, and thus walking "in
the counsel of the ungodly," we soon find him occupying
**the seat of the scorner," and casting off all fear of Hea-
ven. That notorious profligate and abandoned debauchee,
John Wilkes, was a proper mate for such an apostate, and
in him Churchill confided as his Guide, Philosopher, and
Friend. Wilkes made him pay for the honour of his com-
pany, and instigated him to write The Prophecy of Famine,
a Scots Pastoral, 1763. 4to, which he said was sure to suc-
ceed, as it was at once personal, poetical, and political. It
is a bitter satire against the Scotti.sh nation. He had pre-
viously given to the Wftrld, Night, a Poem, 1761, 4to. The
Ghost, in 4 Books, 1762, '63, 4to. Epistle to Hogarth, 1763,
4to. (The painter had represented Churchill in the form
of a bear, dressed canonically, with ruffles at his paws, and
holding a pot of porter.) The Conference, a Poem, 1763,
4to. To the Prophecy of Famine succeeded The Duellist,
1763, 4to. The Author; Gotham; The Candidate ; Inde-
pendence; The Times; Farewell; all 1764, 4to. The Jour-
ney was pub. after his death; also a vol. of sermons. In
1764 Churchill visited the Continent to embrace his friend
Wilkes, who had
" Left bis country for his country's pood,"
and was residing in France. The friends met at Boulogne ;
but almost amidst the fir.st congratulations, Churchill was
attacked with the military fever, and after a few days' ill-
ness he was summoned to his " dread account," at the early
age of 34. It was reported that his last exclamation was,
"What a fool I have been!" Wilkes denied this : we should
not have expected him to admit it, if undoubtedly true.
His own character, as well as CliurchiU's, was at stake.
That the erring poet experienced remorse, if not repentiince,
for his transgressions, may be fairly inferred from some
memorable lines in The Conference:
*'The tale which angry Conscience tells,
When she with more than tragic horror swells
Each circumstince of guilt; when stern, but true,
She brings bad actions forth into review,
And. like the dread hand-writing on the wall,
Bids late remoi'se awake at Reason's call :
Armed at all points, bids scorpion vengeance pass,
And to the mind holds up reflection's glass. —
Thi^ mind which starting heaves the heart^felt groan,
And bates that form she knows to be her own."
A volume of Churchill's Sermons on the Lord's Prayer
(by some attributed to C.'s father) were pub. in 1765, 8vo.
Prefixed is a satirical dedication (which induced the pub-
lishers to give £250 for the ten sermons) to Bishop Warbur-
ton, in which that dignitary is addressed as '* Doctor, Dean,
Bishop, Gloster, and Mv Lord." An edit, of his works was
382
pub. in 1754, 4to; 1774, 4 vols. 12mo; with Life by W
Tooke, 1S04, 2 vols. Svo. Churchill's poetry attracted littla
fl,ttention after his death, and is now almost entirely neg-
lecttJd.
"No English poet had ever enjoyed so excessive and so short
lived a populaiify ; and. indeed, no one seems more thoroughly to
have understood his own powers ; there is no indication in any of
his pieces that he could have done any thing better than the thing
he did. To Wilkes he said that nothing came out till be began to
be pleiised with it himself; but, to the public, he boasted of the
haste and carelessness with which his verses were poured forth. . . .
' When the mad fit comes on I seize the pen ;
Rough as they run. the i-apid thoughts set down.
Rough as they run, discharge them on the town.'"
Cowper was a great admirer of the poetry of a man whoso
principles — or want of them — he could not but detest:
"He is. indeed, a careless writer for the most part; but where
shall we find in any of those authors who finish their works with
the exactness of a Flemish pencil, those bold and daring strokes
of fancy, those numbers so hazardously ventured, and so happily
finished, the matter so compressed, and yet so clear, and the colour
so sparingly laid on, and yet with such a beautiful etTect ? In short,
it is not the least praise that he is never guilty of those faults as a
writer, which he lays to the charge of others. A proof that he did
not charge from a borrowed standard, or from rules laid down by
critics, but that he was qualified to do it by his own native powers,
and his great superiority of genius."
" Churchill may be ranked as a satirist immediately after Pope
and Dryden. with perhaps a greater share of humour "than either.
He has the bitterness of Pope, with less wit to atone for it. but no
mean share of the fine manner and energetic plainness of Dryden."
— Thomas Campbell.
Churchill, F. F., D.D. Serm., 1773, 4to.
Churchill, Fleetwood, M.I>. On the Theory and
Practice of Midwifery, Dublin. 2d ed., 1S50, Svo. Amer.
edit., from the hist edit, with Notes and Addits., by D.
Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1851, Svo.
"The lecturer, the practitioner, and the student, may all have
recourse to its pages, and derive from their perusal much interest
and instruction in every thing relating to theoretical and practical
mkXv/ifL'iy. "—Dublin Quar. Jot(r. nf Med. Science.
Researches on Operative Midwifery, Dublin, 1841, Svo.
Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and other Diseases Peculiar
to Women; Amer. edit., by Dr. Condie. Phila., 1S50, Svo.
"To these papers Dr. Churchill has appended notes, embodying
whatever information has been laid befnrethe profession since their
author's time. He has also pretixed to the Essays on Puerperal
Fever, which occupy the larger piiriinn of the volume, an interestr
ing historical sketch of the |iriiirii);il epidemics of that disease.
The whole forms a very valvKtl'lc follertion of papers, by profes-
sional writers of eminence, on some of the most important acci-
dents to which the puerperal female is liable." — Ama'ican Jownial
of Medical Sciences.
Ou the Diseases of AVomen, Dublin; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo.
A new Amer. ed., revised by the Author; with Notes and
Addits. by D. Francis Condie, M.D., Pbila., 1857, Svo.
"It surp.asses every other work that has ever issued fiom the
British press." — DuhUn Quar. Jour.
" We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's book. Had our
typographical limits permitt^^d, we should gladly have borrowed
more from its richly stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily re-
commend it to the prnft'ssion. and would at the same time express
our firm conviction that it will not only add to the reputation of
its author, but will prove a work of great and extensive utility to
obstetric practitioners." — Dublin Mi diced Press.
Diseases of Infants and Children, Lon., 1849, Svo.
Amer. ed., by Dr. Keating, Phila., Svo.
"We regard this volume as possessing more claims to complete-
ness than any other of the kind with which we are acquainted.
Most cordi.^lly and earnestly, therefore, do we commend it to our
professional brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp nf their
approliation will in due time be impressed upon it. After an atten-
tive perusal of its contents, we hesitate not to say, that it is one uf
the most cnmpnhensiveever writt*-u upon the di.seases of children,
and that, fnr iM[iii.usness of reference, extent of research, and per-
spicuity nf (lit.iil. it is scarcely to be equalled, and not to be ex-
celled, in any language." — Dublin Quarterh/ Jnumal.
" We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill most cordially both
to students and practitioners, as a valuable and reliable guide in
the treatment of the diseases of children." — Amer. Jour, of the Med.
Sciences.
Churchill, James. Sermons, 1S06, '11.
Churchill, James Morss, M.D., and John Ste-
venson, M.D. Medical Botany; new edit., edited by
Gilbert Burnett.
" So high is our opinion of this work, tb.at we recommend every
student at college, and every surgeon who goes abroad, to have a
copy, as one of the essential constituents of his library." — Dr.
John.fon'.i Mid. Cliir. Ji''i-inv.
Churchill, Junius. Liverpool Odes, 179.1, 4to.
Churchill, Owusham, and John. Collection of
"Voyages and Travels, 1704, 4 vols. fol. : 17;^2, 8 vols, fol,
1744, 6 vols. fol. ; 1752, 6 vols. fol. ; the Harleian Collection,
1745—47, 2 vols, fol., form a Supplement to the above.
"This collection is very valuable; its place cannot be supplied
by recurring to the origin.il works, as a gieat part of them are first
published in it fmm the MSS." — G. B. de la Ricuarderie: Bihlio
thcqxc Universdle des Voi/age.^.
In his Directions for Study, Bishop Warburton advises
CHU
CIB
the stuflont rather to read over Churchill's Cnllection, (if
he would liiuiw what human nature really is,) than to waste
his time in travelling through the artificial circles of society
in Europe.
" Here we may see Nature stripped stark naked, and study her
without disguise."
The American student, especially, should also procure
M. Du Perier's General History of Voyages and Travels
throughout the Old and New AVorld, Lon., 1707, Svo.
'■ Except the Introduction of 36 pages, the whole of this volume
relates to the early voyages of the Spaniards to America, from
Ovicdo. and other Spanish authors." — Iticu.
And let the lover of Voyages and Travels not fail to pro-
cure Harris's, Kerr's, Haliluyt's, and Pinkerton's Collec-
tions, and G. Boucher dc la Richarderic's Biiiliotheque
Universolle des Voyages, Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 12mo. The
following remarks from an eminent authority should he
sufficient to stimulate an appetite for such instructive and
delightful studies.
" The old voy.<igers are .always more picturesque and poetical
than the modern ; they describe those simple appearances, which
we now suppos,. to be known. Churchill and Harris's Collections
will furnisb you with great abundance of Indian imagery." — Sir
James Mackintosh.
Churchill, T. O. Trans, of Herder's Philosophy
of History, Lon., ISlKi, 2 vols. Svo.
" Herder is the founder of the Philosophy of History : nobody
before nor after bim has taken up the grand subject in its full ex-
tent."— Chev. Bttnscn's Uippoh/l/is.
Life of Lord Nelson, 1808. 4to.
"This publication may he considered as a vehicle for prints;
which, however, are neither good in design or execution." —
Lowndes.
Churchill, Thos. F., M.D. Profess, works, 1808, '10.
Churchill, Sir Winston, father of the Duke of
Marlborough, 1620-168S, a native of Dorsetshire, was
educated at .St. John's College, O.\ford. Divi Britanniei,
being a Remark upon the Lives of all the Kings of this
Isle, from the year of the World 2855, unto the year of
Grace 1660; with cuts, Lon., 1675, fol.
"The notices in this work are very slight, but said to he very
accurate as to dates and authorities." — Dr. Watt.
In some copies occurs a passage stating that the king
may raise money without his Parliament, which
"Being much resented by several membersof pari, then sitting,
the leaf of the remaining copies where it was. was replanted with-
out that passage, purposely to please and give content."— ^//iea.
Oxoa.
" The Divi Riitannici giv(s the reader a diverting view of the
arms .-iiiil fxplnils of our kings down to the Restoration in 1000."
—Bnliap y,r,,Js:,ii-s Eiiij. Hisl. Librari/.
Churchman. History of Episcopacy, 1642, 4to.
Churchman. John, d. 1805, a n.atiVe of Maryland,
M.agnetic Atlas, Phil.. 17911: Lon., 1704, 4to : 1S04, 4to.
Churchman, Theophilus, i. e. Peter Hcylin. A
Review of the Certamcu Epistote between Heylin, D.D.,
and Hen. Hickman. B.D., Lon., 16.39. 12mo.
Churchman, Walter. A New Engine for Raisin"
Water. See Phil. Trans., 17.54.
Churchy, G., of Lyons Inne. A New Book of Good
Husbaudrie, 1599.
Churchyard, Thomas, 1520-1604, a native of
Shrewsbury, author of many prose and poetical pieces,
was a domestic to the celebrated Earl of Surrey, and after
the death of this nobleman served as a soldier in several
campaigns. A list of many of his works will be found in
Athen. O.xon., Ritsou's Bibl. Poetiea, Biog. Brit, Lowndes's
Bibl. Manu.al, and some specimens in the Censura Lite-
raria. George Chalmers repub. in 1817, Svo, Churchyard's
Chips concerning Scotland, being a Collection of his
Pieces relative to that country ; with Historical Notices
and Life.
" The best of his poems, in point of genius, is his Le-ende of
Jane i?hore, and the most popular his Wortliincss of Wales, 1680
Svo, of which an edition was published in 1778."
" An excellent soldier, and a man of honest principles."—
Steype : Lifr of Grhuhtl
" By the men of those times he was accounted a good poet, by
others a poor court poet ; but since, as much beneath a poet as a
rhimer. — Athen. Ortm.
But honest Fuller protests against such depreciating
observations : °
"Though some conceive him to be as much beneath a poet as
above a rhvmer, [s,c.] m my opinion his verses may go abreast
witb any of fliat age, writing in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth.
It s,.ems by lus bis tp.taph in Mr. Camden's ' Remains,' that he
died not guilty of much wealth:
' Come Alecto, lend me thy torch.
To find a church-yard in a church-porch:
Poverty and poetry his tomb doth inclose;
Wherefore, good neighbours, be merrv in prose.' "
What could be expected but " poverty" of
"One of those unfortunate men. who have written poetry all
their d.iys, and lived a long life, to complete the misfortune"—
DlSEAZU : aUamities of Authors.
Chnrton, Edward. The Early English Church,
new ed., Lou., 1841, 12mo. Lays of Faith and Loyally,
1847, 18mo. Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, i. to iv 1844-
46, fol.
Churton, Edward. The Railroad Book of England,
Lon., r. Svo, 1851. °
" Mr. Churton has been pre-eminently successful in accomplish-
ing his Herculean undertaking, and has placed his work beyond
the danger of failure." — BpU's M'sscng'r.
Churton, H. B. Whitaker. Thoughts on the Land
of the Jloruing: a Record of Two Visits to Palestine,
1849, '50, Lon., 1.852, c. Svo.
" An agreeable and [imfital'le companion to all students of the
sacred volume." — I'ut/listi Jurit'w.
" It may be recntnuiended especially as a book for families." —
Lan. Christian Observer.
Churton, Ralph, 1754-1S31, a native of Bickley,
Cheshire; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1772;
elected Fellow, 1778; Archdeacon of St. David's, 1805.
Eight Serin.s., Lon.. 1785, Svo. Serms., 1785, '90, '93, '98,
1803, '04, '06. Letter to the Bp. of Winchester, 1796, Svo.
Lives of Bishop Smith and Sir Richard Sutton, Founders
of Brasenose College. Life of Alexander Nowell, Dean
of St. Paul's, 1809, Svo.
" Among the happiest specimens of its kind which the present
century has seen. The very portrait of the good old dean, placing
his hand upon his fishing-rod, is enough to rejoice a Waltonian."
DiUDIN.
Works of the Rev. T. Town.snn, D.D., ISIO, 2 vols. Svo.
Memoir of Dr. Richard Chandler prefixed to a new ed. of
his Travels in Asia Minor and Greece, Oxford, 1825, 2
vols. Svo.
Chute, or Chewt, Anthony. Beautie dishonoured,
written under the title of Shore's Wife, Lon., 1593, 4t0.
Perry sale. £26; Jadis, £15 15s.; Bindley, £34 13s.
" An imitative history in verse, supposed to be unique, consisi>
ing of 197 six-line stanzas."
Cibber, Collcy, 1671-1757, Poet L.aure.ate to George
II., made his appearance as an actor at the early age of 18,
but not meeting with the success he anticipated, he deter-
mined to turn author, and in 1695 prodnced his first play.
Love's Last Shift, or the Pool in F.ashion. The author
performed the part of Sir Novelty Fashion, and in both
capacities ho was rewarded by great .applause. In 1704
was acted his best piece. The Careless Husband, in which
Cibber and Mrs. Oldfield enacted the principal characters.
Ho injured himself in the eyes of the Jacobites, in 1717,
by his Comedy of the Nonjuror. He was quite consoled,
however, for their enmity, liy receiving a pension from
Geo. I. of £200, being promoted to the post of Laureate in
1730. In this year he quitted the stage; but appeared
again on spechal occasions. An edit, of his Plays appeared
in 1721, 2 vols. 4to ; and a later one in 1777, 5 vols. Svo.
A list of 30 plays, with which he had more or less to do,
will be found in Biog. Dramat. His Apology for his Life
presents a very curious picture of state afl'airs in his day.
It was pub. in 1740, 4to ; 1756, 2 vols. 12mo; new edit.,
with explanatory Notices, by E. Bollchambers. 1822, Svo.
Pope h.ad made himself ridiculous, as he generally did
in his petty malice, by m.aking Theobald the hero of the
Dunciad, because he had convicted Pope of gross igno-
rance of Shakspearo. He now made himself ridiculous a
second time, by exalting to that dull eminence. CoUey
Cibber, one of the wittiest .and most sprightly authors of
the day. Cibber's letter of remonstrance to Pope was un-
answerable. His ambition led him into a grave error,
when it induced him to undertake such a criticism as The
Character and Conduct of Cicero considered ; pub. Lon.,
1747, 4to. Fielding took great delight in ridiculing him.
Gibber's name is frequently introduced in Boswell's Life
of Johnson.
" BoswEix : ' Cibber was a man of observation V Johnson : ' I
think not.' Boswell: 'You will allow his Apology to be well
done.' Johnson: ' Very well done, to be sure, sir. 'That book is
a striking proof of the justice of Pope's remark:
' Each might his several province well command.
Would all but stoop to what they understand.' "
Swift was so much pleased with Cibber's Apology for
his Life, that he sat up all night to read it: upon hearing
which. Cibber, it is said, shed tears for joy.
Cibber, Susanna Maria, d. 1766, a celebrated ac-
tress, sister of Dr. Arne, and wife of Theophilus, son of
Colley Cibber, trans, in 1752, The Oiaelo of St. Foix.
Cibber, Theophilus, 1703-1758, son of Colley Cib-
ber, bore oven a worse moral character than his father,
which was quite unnecessary. He was an actor, and mar-
ried first an actress of the name of Johnson, and, secondly.
Miss Arne, (see .above.) The Lover, C. 1730. Patie and
Peggie, B. 0., 1730. The Mock Officer, F., 173,3. Other
Dramatic pieces, and alterations of Henry VI., and Romeo
CIR'
CLA
nn J Juliet, from Shakspoare. The following work appeared
under his name. The Lives of the Poets of (i. Britain and
Ireland, from the time of Dean Swift, Lon., 1758, 5 vols.
12mo: but we have direct evidence that Gibber was not
sole author of this work:
" I take this opportunity to testify, that the book called Cihher's
Lives of Vie P-wts was not written, nor, I believe, ever seen, by
either of the Gibbers, but was the work of Robert Shiels, a native
of Scotland, a man of a very acute understanding, though with
little scholastic education, who, not long after the publication of
his work, died in London of a consumption. His life was virtuous
and his end was pious. Tbeopbilus Gibber, then a prisoner for
debt, imparted, as I was told, his name for ten guineas. The
manuscript of Shiels is now in my possession." — Dr. Johnson;
Life of Ifiimmmid.
Here Johnson is much in error, for we have GrifEth's
(the publisher) testimony that Gibber did revise, correct,
and add to the MS., and probably wrote some of the Lives.
See Boswell's Johnson ; and for publications connected
with the Gibbers, father and son, see Lowndes's Bibl.
Manual.
Cirencester, See Richard of Chichester.
Clack, J. M. Serms. and other Remains, with Me-
moir and Fun. Serm., by J. Hooper, Lon., 1817, 8vo.
'• We have seldom met with so many incidents of an affecting
nature in connection with one who was not permitted to see many
years on earth, as are presented to us in this small but respectr
able volume." — Lfm. Cuftgrt'g. Mag.
Clacy, Mrs. Charles. A Lady's Visit to the Gold
Diggings of Australia in 1852, '53, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo.
" The most pithy and entertaining of all the books that have
been written on the gold dit;;(^jngs." — Lon. Literary Gaz.
" We recommeud this work as the emigrant's vade mecum" —
Lon. Home Orjinpatiion,
Clagctt, Nicholas, 1607-1663, entered Merton Col-
lege, O.tford, 1028; Vicar of Melbourne, Dorsetshire,
about 1636; subsequently preacher at St. Mary's in St.
Edmund's Bury, Suffolk. The Abuses of God's Grace, Ac,
Oxf . 1659, Ito.
Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., 1654-1726, son of the pre-
ceding, ailmitted of Christ Church College, 1671 ; preacher
at St. Mary's, in St. Edmund's Bury, 1680 ; Archdeacon
of Sudbury, 1693. A Persuasive to an Ingenious Trial of
Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to. Serm., 1683, '86,
1710. Truth Defended, and Boldness in Error Rebuked, <tc.,
being a confutation of Mr. Whiston's book entitled, The
Accomplishment of Scripture Prophecies, Lon., 1710. Svo.
'• This emiuent divine lived extremely valued and respected on
account of bis exemplariness, charity, and other virtues."' — Biog.Br.
Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., son of the preceding, d.
17-46. Bishop of St. David's, 1731; translated to Exeter,
1746. Serms. 1714, '33, '37, '40, '42.
Clagett, William, D.D., 1646-1688, uncle of the
preceding, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 1659;
was for 7 years preacher of St. Edmund's Bury, and sub-
sequently preacher to the Society of Gray's Inn. He
pub. many theological treatises, chiefly controversial.
M'e notice a few : A Discourse on the Holy Spirit, with a
Confutation of some part of Dr. Owen's book on that sub-
ject, Lon., 1678-80, Svo. An Answer to the Dissenter's
Objections against the Common Prayers, Ac, 1683, 4to.
Extreme Unction, 1687, 4to. A Paraphr,ase and Notes
upon the First Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1686, 4to. See
Orme's Bibl. Bib. SerDis.,1689-93, 2 vols.; 4thed.,1704-20,
i vols. Svo.
" I should not scruple to give Dr. Clagett a pbice among the
most eminent and celebrated writers of this Church, and if he
may be allowed that, it is as great an honour as can be done him."
— ARCHnrsHOp Sh\rpe.
'■ His writings are not of great value, and are now little known."
—Orme's Bilil. Bib.
Bishop Burnet praises Clagett for his learning, piety,
and virtues.
Claggett, John. Arianism Anatomized, 1719, Svo.
Clairant. Con. to Phil. Trans, on the Rays of Light,
17.54. ' ^
Clanes, Thomas. Answer to Vestry, 1812.
Clancy, M., M.D. Templum Veneris, Lon., 1745, 4to.
Clanny, W . R., M.D. I\lincral Water.s, &c., 1807-16.
Clanricarde, Ulick, Itlarquis of, and Earl of
St. Alban's. Menndrs, 1722, Svo. Memoirs and Letters
respecting the Rebellion in Ireland tcm2>. Charles I., 1757,
fol. The first work Bishop Nicolson styles
'• A lean collection of letters, warrants, orders, and other loose
and incoherent slate-papers relating to the Irish Rebellion."
Clap, Nath., 1668-1745, a minister of Newport,
Rhode Island, pub. a Serm. on the Lord's Voice crying to
the People in some extraordinary dhspensations, 1715.
■■ Before I saw Father Glap, I thought the Bishop of Rome had
the gravest aspect of any man I ever saw; but really the mi-
nister of Newport has the most venerable appearance."— Bishop
j Clap, Roger, 1609-1691, one of the first settlers of Dor-
! setshire, Massachusetts. Memoirs of himself, 1731; with
an .appendix by Jas. Blake, 1807.
Clap, Thomas, 1703-1767, President of Yale College,
1739-66, was eminent for his proficiency in Mathematics,
Astronomy, and Natural Philosophy. Serm., 1732. Letter
to Mr. Edwards, 1745. Religious Constitution of Colleges,
1745. Doctrines of the Churches of New England, 1755.
Essay, 1765. History of Yale College, 1766. Conjectures
of Meteors, 1781. See Holmes's Life of Stiles; Hist, of
Yale College.
Clapham, Henoche. Briefe of the Bible's History,
Lon.. 1596. Theolog. treatises, 1597-1609.
Clapham, Jonathan. Theolog. treatises, 1651-84.
Clapham, John. Narcissus, Lon., 1581, 4to.
Clapham, John. History of G. Britain, 1602, 4to.
Clapham, Samuel, d. 1830, aged 76. Serms., 1792,
Ac. The three following were pub. under the name of
Theophilus St. John : Orig. Serms., 1 790, Svo. Prac. Serms.,
1802, 2 vols. Svo. Charges of Massillon, from the French,
1805, Svo. Points of Sessions Law, 181S, 2 vols. Svo.
" This work may serve as an index, but cannot be relied on for
accuracy."
Serms. selected and abridged from various authors,
1803-15, 3 vols. 8vo., enlarged ed., 1S30, 2 vols. Svo.
"The abridgments will be found extremely useful to the clergy
as skeletons, or heads to form discourses from."
"These sermons are truly excellent." — British Critic.
The Pentateuch, or the Five Books of Moses Illustrated,
Lon., 1818, 12mo.
"The plan is judicious, and the execution is, on the whole, re*
spectah\e."—Lfm. Eclectic Beiietv,
Other publications.
Clapp, John. Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1S19, 3 vols. Svo.
Clappe, Ambrose. Emmanuel Manifested,1655,12mo.
Clapperton, Hugh, 1788-1827, a celebrated African
traveller, was a native of Dumfriesshire. He was cut off
by the dysentery at Saccatoo. His Journals were pre-
served and published. Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney's
Travels in Africa, 1822-24, Lon., 1826, 4to. Clappertou's
Journal of a second Expedition into the Interior of Africa,
with Lander's Journal, 1829, 4to. Clapperton and Oud-
ney's Travels in Africa, 1828, 2 vols. Svo. Our knowledge
of Africa has been greatly increased by these publications.
See Lanber, Richard ; Denham, Dixon.
Clapperton, William. Poems, Ac, Edin., Svo.
CI apthorne, Henry. The Hollander; a Play,1640,4to.
Claramont, C, M.D. De Aere, locis et aquis Anglirs
deque morbis Anglorum Vern.iculis. Diss, nee non Obser-
vationes Medica3 Cambro-Britannicse, Lon., 1672, 12mo:
1657, Svo.
Clare, John, b. 1793, at Helpstone, near Peterborough,
of obscure parentage, excited much attention by his re-
markable powers of poetical description. He pub. in 1820,
Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, which im-
mediately secured the public favour.
" 'f be instance before us is, perhaps, one of the most striking of
patient and persevering talent existing and enduring in the most
forlorn and seemingly hopeless condition that literature has at
any time exhibited." — Lon. Quarterti/ Heview.
In 1S21, he pub. The Village Minstrel and other Poems,
2 vols. Svo. He has also contributed a number of articles
to the periodicals. See an interesting account of Clare in
Chambers's Cyd. of Eng. Literature.
Clare, John Fitz-Gibbon, Earl of, 1749-1802,
Lord High-Chancellor of Ireland. Speech on the Union.
Verses, 1774, 4to. Report, 1798, Svo.
"A man of an ardent, daring spirit, but able, virtuous, and par
triotic." See Park's Malpolo's R. and N. Authors.
Clare, John Hollis, Earl of, father-in-law of the
Earl of Strafford, who was beheaded. An Answer to some
Passages of Sir Francis Bacon's Essay on Empire. Speech
in behalf of the Earl of Oxford. Letter to his son-in-law,
Strafl'ord.
" Lord Clare was admired for his letters; and Howell, in two of
his, bears testiniony to the earl's learning and skill in languages."
See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
Clare, Martin. Treatise on the Motion of Fluids. Lon.,
1735. Svo; with addits. by R. Hall. M.D.. Lon., 1802, Svo.
Clare, Peter, Surgeon. Prof, treatises, Lon.,177S,Svo.
Clare, 15. Trans, of a Political Declaration, 1649, foL
Clare, R. A., Surgeon. Con. on the Air Pumps to
Nic. Jour., 1801.
Clare, William. The Natural way to Learn the
Latin Tongue. Lon., 1688, Svo.
Clarek, Timothy, M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans.
1668; on the Injection into Veins, the Transfusion of
Blood, Ac.
Clarence, Duke of, (William the Fourth.)
Speech iu the House of Lords on the Slavc-Trade, Lon.,
CLA
CLA
1799, 8vo. Stibstjincc of his Speeches in the House of Lords
against the Divorce Bill. If^llll, Svo.
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1608-1673,
one of the most illustrious characters of English history,
was the third son of Henry Hyde, of Dintou, Wiltshire,
where he was born on the 16th of February. He was en-
tered of Magdalen College. Oxford, in 1622, where he re-
mained one year ; after which he removed to the Middle
Temple, and pursued his legal studies under the direction
of his uncle. Nicholas Hyde, afterwards Chief Justice of
the King's Bench. In his twenty-first year he married
the daughter of Sir George Aylitfe, who only survived the
union six mouths. Three years afterwards he married the
daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests.
He informs us in his Life, that he made it a rule to select
for his associates none but persons distinguished for their
rank, fortune, or accomplishments. AVe need not be sur-
prised, therefore, to find among his " list of friends," stars
of the first m.agnitude : — Ben Jonson. Selden, May, Sir
Kenelm Dighy, Edmund Waller, Lord Falkland, Sheldon,
Morley, Earle, Hales, Chilliugworth, &c. (See Memo-
rials of his own life.) The patronage of the Marquis of
Hamilton and Archbishop Laud was of great value to the
ambitious aspirant for brilli.nnt honours. In 1640 he was
elected a member of Parliament, and as a Koyalist, waged
stern war with Hampden and other representatives of
popular pretensions. His zeal was not overlooked, and in
161.'! he was raised to the high position of Lord Chancellor
of the Exchequer, sworn a member of the Privy Council,
and knighted. When affairs had taken so grave a turn
that it was deemed prudent to send the priucc, afterwards
Charles II.. out of the way of danger, Hyde was his com-
panion, but remained in Jersey when the prince sailed for
France. During this retirement of two years, he wrote por-
tions of his two celebrated works. The History of the Rebel-
lion, and Account of his own Life. His studies were inter-
rupted in 1618, by directious to attend the prince at Paris.
He found him at the Hague, where the news soon arrived of
the execution of King Charles I. Whilst on the Continent,
Clarendon chiefly resided at Madrid and Antwerp. In
1657, King Charles II.. still an exile, rew.arded the fidelity
of his follower by creating him Lord High Chancellor of
England. But he suffered greatly from poverty at dif-
ferent times, having, as he tells us, "neither clothes nor
fire to preserve me from the sharpness of the season." At
the Restoration he displayed great sagacity in reconciling
the hostile parties who composed the strength of the king-
dom, and it was mainly owing to his counsels that the
Republicans escaped the bitter chalice which they had
commended to the lips of the persecuted and down-trodden
Royalists. In 1660. Hyde was chosen Chancellor of the
University of Oxford, and created a peer by the title of
Barou Hyde, of Hindon, in Wiltshire, to which were added
in 1661, the titles of Viscount Cornbury in Oxfordshire, and
Earl of Clarendon in Wiltshire. Such greatness must
needs excite the envy of the malicious ; and this ill will
was heightened by the announcement of the marriage of
his daughter to the Duke of York, afterwards James II.
This event was unknown to Chuendon until its publicity
became a matter of necessity, and Charles II. did not per-
mit it to deprive him of his favour. In 166.3, the Earl of
Bristol exhibited a charge of High Treason against Claren-
don, the gravamen of which w.as an alleged intention to
favour the introduction of Popery into Great Britain.
There were other causes of resentment — the king's neg-
lect of public affairs, the extravagance of the Court. Ac—
which prudence did not permit to be openly exposed. In
1667 he was removed from his post of Chancellor, and
shortly afterwards received the king's orders to leave the
country. lie sailed for Franco. November 29, 1667, and
on the 19th of the ensuing month an act of banishment
shut the door to all hopes of return to his native land.
He resided for four years at Montpellier, passed some time
at Moulins. and finally took up his residence at Rouen,
where he died, December 9, 1674. There was nothing
now to excite the animosity of his foes, and his body was
permitted to rest in the land he had so faithfully served,
and by which he had been so ungratefully rewarded. He lies,
" Without a line to mark the spot,"
on the north side of Henry Vllth's chapel, in Westminster
Abbey. Lord Clarendon had by his second wife four sons
and two daughters : Henry, the second Earl of Clarendon,
(?. f.,) d. in 1709; Lawrence, Earl of Rochester, d. in
1711 ; Edward and James died unmarried. Frances was
m.arried to Thomas Keightly of Hertingfordbury ; Anne
married James, Duke of York, and was the mother of
Mary and Anne, Queens of England.
25
As an author. Lord Clarendon can never become obso-
lete while the slightest interest exists in one of the most
eventful portions of England's annals. Speeches, Argu-
ment, Ac, Lon., 1641, Ac. An Answer to the Declaration
of the Commons, Lon., 1648. Svo. Character of Robert,
Earl of Essex, and George, Duke of Buckingham, 1706;
orig. pub. in Reliquia; Wuttoniana', 1672.
'•'I'he reader will be here entertained with the pictures of two
of the greatest subjects of Europe in their time : anfi althouffh one
of tliem is inimitably drawn by the noble Author in his History,
yet this signature will still I>e acceptable, since 'tis all thrown
into another view." — Prpfact to id. 1706.
Narrative of the Settlement in Ircl.and, Lovain, 1668,
4to. Animadversions on a Book called Fanaticism, 1674,
4to. Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's Leviathan, Oxf.,
1676. 4to. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in
England begun in 1641, Ac, Oxf., 1702-04, 3 vols. fol. >
1705, '06, 6 vols. Svo; 1717, 7 vols. Svo. Supplement,
1717, Svo; 1724, Svo. A new edit, of the History of the
Rebellion, with all the suppressed passages, and the un-
pub. Notes of Bishop Warhurton, Oxf., 1826, 8 vols. Svo;
edited by Dr. Bandinel :
"Clarendon's History of the Rebellion is one of the noblest his.
torical works of the English nation. In the present edition, which
is the first correct and complete publication of his History, tlio
passages omitted and the words alteied in the original and pie-
ceding editions are now for the first time laid before the public."'
— i-dtnbtt7'ffli Itn-ii'W.
Last edit., Oxf., 1849, 7 vols. Svo. Hist, of the Rebel-
lion, Ac, with his Life, written by himself, in which is in-
eluded a continuation of his Hist, of the Great Rebellion,
Lon., 1842. 1 vol. Svo. Life by Himself, with continua-
tion of Hist. Rebelliim, 55 plates, Oxf., 1827, 3 vols. Svo ;
2 vols. 4to. Hist, of Rebellion, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. imp.
8to. Religion and Policy, (first pub. from the MS. ,1811.)
2 vols. r. Svo. Hist, of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in
Ireland, 1720, '21, Svo. This is a vindication of the Mar-
quis of Ormonde. Hist, of the Reign of Charles II., 2
vols. 4to. This is included in his Life. Collection of
Tracts, Lon., 1727, fol. Vindication of himself from the
Impeachment of H. Commons in regard to the sale of Dun-
kirk, Lon., 1747, fol.; with Reflections upon the P.sahns,
applied to the troubles of the times. State P.apers, 1621-
74, containing the Materials from which his History was
composed, and the authorities on which the truth of his
relation is founded ; with an Appendix from Archbishop
Sancroft's MSS., Oxf., 1767-86, 3 vols. fol. Miscellaneous
Works. 2d edit,, 1751, fol. An Account of his Life, writ-
ten by himself, Ac, Oxf.. 1759; new edit.; see above.
Essays, Moral and Entertaining; new edit,, pub. by Rev.
J. S. Clarke. D.D., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The Natural His-
tory of the Passions, Svo.
" Many doubted whether Lord Clarendon was the author of it;
and more thought that it was the sharking trick of a bookseller
to set his name to, for sale sake." — Wood.
The reader should peruse T. H. Lister, Esq.'s Life and
Administration of Edward, First Earl of Clarendon, with
Original Correspondence and Authenlic Papers, never be-
fore published, Lon., 1838. 3 vols. 8vo; vol. i., 1609-60;
vol. ii., 1660-74; vol. iii.. Letters and Papers.
" Lister's Life of Clarendon is not the ingenious or eloquent
pleading of an advocate, but the severe and enlightened neutrality
of a judge. The characteristics proper for the occasion were good
taste and good sense, intelligent research, and perfect candour.
And these Mr. Lister possesses in an eminent degree." — Edinburgh
Ifnnew.
" A v.aluable contribution to the history of our native countiy.'*
— Lon. Literary Gazette.
See LisTEK, Thomas H. To these valuable volumes
should be added The Correspondence and Diaries of Henry
Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde. Earl of Ro-
chester, Ac, by S. W. Singer, Esq., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. r. 4to.
(See below.) The reader will also be interested in An His-
torical Inquiry respecting the Character of Edward Hyde,
Earl of Clarendon, Ijy the Hon. Agar Elli.s, Lon., 1827, Svo.
Mr. Ellis arrives at the conclusion, which will be rejected by
many of his readers, that Clarendon was an unprincipled
man of talent. This notice of Mr. Ellis's opinions may
properly introduce some quotations from various authori-
ties respecting the character of Clarendon as a statesman
and an author :
" I cannot but let you know the incredible satisfaction I have
taken in reading my late Lord Clarendon's History of the Kebel-
lion. so well and so uncxpritrilly wi-Il wiltten — the preliminary so
like that of the noble P'iI\tiios. leading us by the courts, avenues,
and porches, into the fal-iir; tiic style masculine; the characters
so just, and tempered without the least impediment of passion nr
tincture of revenge, yet with such natural and lively touches as
show his lordship well knew not only the persons' outsides. but
their very interiors."— LeWers of Jolm Eretiin to famud Prpi/.i,
Jan. 20, 1702. '0.3. See Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pep'ys
Lon., IS.M, 4 vols. Svo.
" Uis lordship died in exile, and in the displeasure of his ma-
CLA
CtA"
jesty, and others wlio envied his rise and fortune — tarn hreivs
J\)pHU Romani amores I But I shall say no more of his uiinistryj
and what >¥as the pretence of his fall, than that we have lived to
see great revolutions. The buffons, parasites, pimps, and concu-
bines, who supplanted him at court, came to nothing not long
aftev, and were as little pitied. 'Tis something yet too early to
publish the names of hJs delators, for fear of one's teeth. Jiut
lime will speak truth, and sure I am the event has made it good.
Things were infinitely worse mana.ied since his disgrace." — Evflyn
to Pepys. See Diary and Corresp. of .1. Evelyn, Lon., 1 So'2. 4 vols. 8vo.
It is not to be denied that many of his lordship's con-
temporaries entertained a very different opinion of him ;
and Mr. Agar Ellis, amon<; modern writers, accuses him
of treachery, as well as imbecility, in the management of
Btate affairs.
"We continue our quotations :
" The Earl of Clarendon, upon the Restoration, made it his busi-
ness to depress everybody's merits to advance his own, and the
king having gratitied his vanity with hi;;h titles, found it nt-ces-
sary towards making a fortune in proportion to apply himself to
other means than what the crown could afford." — Lord 1)art-
llOUTH : N'lte on Burnet.
" Uad Clarendon sought nothing but power, his power had ne^
ver ceased. A corrupted court and a blinded populace were less
the causes of the chancellor's fall, than an ungrateful king, who
could not pai'don his lordship's having refused to accept for him
the slavery of his country. . . . liurkingbam, Shaftsbury, Lauder-
dale. Arlington, and such abniiiiiiable nn-n, were the exchange
•which the nation made for my Lord I'laieiidNii ! . . . As an historian
he seems more exceptionable. Ilis majesty and eloquence, his
Sower of painting characters, his knowledge of his subject, rank
un in the first class of writers— yet he has both great and little
fiults." — Horace Walpole: li. & N. Authors.
"lie particularly excels in characters, which, if drawn with pre-
cision and elegance, are as difficult to the wrilers as they are
agreeable to the readers of history. lie is in this particular as
unrivalled among the moderns as Tacitus among the ancients. . . .
His style is rather careless than laboured : his periods are long,
and frequently embarrassed by parentheses. Hence it is, that he
is one of the most difficult of all authors to be read with an audi-
hle voice." — Gravger''s Bing. Hist.
"Clarendon will always be esteemed an entertaining writer,
even independent of ouv curiosity to know the facts which he re-
lates. His style is prolix and redundant, and sulTucates us by the
length of its periods; but it discovers imagination and sentiment,
and pleases us at the same time that we disapprove of it. ... An
air of probity and goodness runs thi-ough the whole work, as theso
qualities did in reality embellish tlie whole life of the author. . . .
Claryudon was always a friend to the liberty and constitution of
his country." — Hume : Hist, of Eiifihuid.
"The lustre of all partial and even general Histories of England,
was eclipsed, at the opening of the eighteenth century, by the
Histoi-y nfthe HebelHon and Civil Tl^n-s— from Ihft poM-erful pen of
Lord Clarendon: a work, of which the impressions and profits
have increased in an erjual ratio — and of which the popularity is
built upon an imperishable basis. A statesman, a lawyer, and a
philosopher in its most practical, and perhaps rational, sense, there
is hardly any name which has reached us, encircled by purer rays
of renown. th:in that of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, or any which is
more likely to go down to posterity in a more unsullied stat« of
purity." — Dr. DiBDix: Lihranj Compauion.
So Southey declares Cliircndnn to have been "the wipcst
and most upright of statesman :" Init Brodie, on the other
hand, brand.s the Lord Chancellor as. '* a miserable syco-
phant and canting hypocrite." The remnrks of Southey in a
letter to Henry Taylor. Dcc.31, 1825, are well worth quoting:
"For an Englishman there is no single historical work with
which it can be so necessary for him to be well and thoroughly ac-
quainted as with Clarendon. I feel at this time perfectly assured,
that if that book had been put into my hands iu youth, it would
have preserved me from all the political crmis wbi^h I have out-
grown. It may be taken for granted that knows this book well.
The more he reads concerning the history of these times, the more
highly he will appreciate the wisdom and the integrity of Claren-
don."—.S'oH^/jfy's Life and Corrfspnndeuce.
*' Clarendon— a lover of the constitution, of his country, a patrio-
tic statesman— is always interesting, and continually provides
materials for the statesman and philosopher." — Professor Smttu,
of Camhridge.
" His ' Life' is full of a thousand curious anecdotes." — Bishop
War BURTON.
" You ask me about readinghistoi-y. You are quite right to read
Clarendon ; his style is a little long-winded, but, on the other hand,
his characters may match those of the ancient historians, and one
thinks they would know the very men if you were to meet them
in society. Few English writers have the same precision either in
describing the actors in great scenes, or the deeds which they per-
formed. He was, you are aware, himself deeply engaged in the
scenes which he depicts, and therefore colours them with the in-
dividual feeling, and snmetinu-s, doubtless, with the partiality, of
a partisan."— N/r W,dt>'r Smtr^ Lrlt.-r t" his S<m.
" The respect wbirh we justlv f.-,-I fnr Clarendon as a writer must
not blind us to the faults wbi.h he cnmniitted as a statesnia-n. . . .
In some respefts he was well fitted for his great place. No man
■wrote .abler state papers. No man spoke with more weight and
dignity in council and Parliament. No man was better acquainted
with general maxims of statecraft. No man observed the varieties
of character with a more discriminating eye. It must be added
that he had a strong sense of moral and religious obligation, a sin-
cere reverence for the laws of his country, and a conscientious re-
gard for the honour and interest of the crown. But his temper
■was sour, arrogant, and impatient of opposition." — T. B. Macaulay :
Jlist. of England, q.v. ■ ■
3b6
" lie is excellent in every thing that he has performed with care:
his characteis are b.-autifiilly d«-lineatfd. his si-ntiments have often
a fi<ible gravity, which the length of his periods, far too great in
itself, seems to befit; but in the general course of his narrative,
he is negligent of grammar and perspicuity, with little choice of
words, and. therefore, sometimes idiomatic, without ease or ele-
gance. The official papers on the royal side, which are generally
attributed to him. are written iu a masculine and majestic tone,
far superior to those of the Parliament."— l/tifiam's Jntroduc. to Lit.
Hist.; and in his Constitutional Hist. of Engbmd.
See Life of Edward, Earl of Clareudun, written by him-
self, printed from the original MS. in tho Bodleian Library,
Lon., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
Clarendon, George William Frederick Vil-
liers, Earl of, b. in 1800, is the present representative
of the great Eurl of Clarendon, and of the brother of Vil-
lier.s, the favourite of Jame.s I. He succeeded to the title
in 1838. lie was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1847
to 1S52, and has held several important offices. In 1816
he was appointed President of the Board of Trade. He
was associated (when Mr. Villiers) with I>r. Bowring in
dr.awing up the First Report on the Commercial Kclations
between France and Great Britain, 1834. ful.
Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, 1638-
1700, eldest son of the tirst earl, was carefully trained
for public business by his illustrious parent. In resent-
ment of the treatment to which his father was subjected,
hejoined the party which opposed the court, and made many
speeches, some of which were preserved by Mr. Grey. On
the accession of James II. he was made Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, but was superseded by Lord Tyrconuel. He
refused to take the oaths to William III., and was for some
time imprisoned in the Tower. After his release he lived
in retirement until his death in 1709. The History and
Antiquities of the Cathedral Church at Winchester, con-
tinued by Samuel Gale, Lon., 1715, 8vo. Two Papers in
Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i. 309-13. State Letters
and Diary, Oxf., 1763, 2 vols. 4to.
'• This lliarv presents us with a picture of the manners of the
age in which the writer lived. We may learn from it. that at the
close of the seventeenth century a man of the first quality made
it his constant practice to go to church, and could spend the day
in society with his family and fiieuds, without shaking his arm
at a gaming-table, associating with jockies at Newmarket, or mui^
dering time by a constant round of giddy dissipation, if not of cri-
minal indulgence." — Editor^s Preface.
In 1828 was pub. Clarendon Papers; viz.: The Corre-
spondence of Henry Hyde. Earl of Clarendon, and of his
Brother, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, with the Diary
of Lord Clarendon, 16S7-90, and the Diary of Lord Ro-
chester; pub. for the greater jjart for the first lime from
the original MSS., recently discovered by S. W. Singer,
F.S.A., Lon., 2 vols. 4to.
"One of the most important contributions which has in our day
been made to history.'' — L>m. Rrvirw.
"This Collection of Letters and Diaries is of great historical
value." — Lon. Athenaitm.
"A most valuable addition to our national records, and especially
interesting to the History of Ireland."— Xo?t. Literary Gazette.
Henry Hyde, Lord Hyde and Corneury, the eldest
son of this nobleman, pub. a Comedy called The Mistakes,
or The Happy Resentment, printed in 1758, at Strawberry
Hill, with a preface, said to be written by Lord Orford;
but this imputed authorship has been questioned. He wrote
A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, 1751, and A
Letter to David Mallet on the intended Publication of Lord
Bolingbroke's MSS.; see Hawkesworth's edition of Swift's
Works. A few pamphlets of his composition were pub.
anonymon.sly, and he left some tragedies in MS. He was
killed in France, in 1753, by a fall from his horse.
Clarendon, R. V. A Sketch of the Revenue and
Finances of Ireland, Lon., 1791, 4to.
'•A clear and elaborate view of the finances of the sister island."
— L"WM>KS.
Clarendon, Thomas. Treatise on the Foot of tho
Horse, Dubl.. 1847, 12mo.
Claridge, John. The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules
to know of the Change of the Weather, Lon., 1744, 8vo;
reprinted, 1827, 8vo. This little work, once very popular,
has been attributed to John Campbell, LL.D.
Claridge, John, Agricult. of Dorset, Lon., 1793, 4to.
'■ It seems iudiciously pertbrmed."— My7a/rr/so7i's Agricult. Biog,
Claridge, Richard, 1649-172.3, an eminent Quaker
writer, b. in Warwickshire ; entered of Ealiol Coll., Oxf.,
1666; Rector of Peopleton, Worcester, 1673; joined the Bap-
tists. 1691; joined the Quakers about 1697, and became a
minister in tiiis society. Serms.,16S9,'91. Answer to Richard
Allen. 1697, 4to. Mercv Covering the Judgment-Seat. <&c.,
1700, 4to. His Case and Trial. 1710. 4to. The Novelty
and Nullity of Dissatisfaction, &q., 1714. Lux Bvangelica
Attestata. Melius Inquirendum Tractatus Hierographicus.
Life and Posthumous Works, by Joseph Besse, 1726, 8vo.
OLA'
CoEsMn^hf*'? *^??**,"; ^- •''"■'^<' "'""g 'te Danube to
in;i^;^;i;"';;t;;:x°T'il::i^S5^!i!;;f,"-,^'y ^•i^ « not
Clark. Almanack for 1634, Camb., 12n,o.'
r nrt' ?Z'"'7- '^"'""■""■•y treatises, 1809, Ac.
Lon ISW *i'"*"5^'- ^ S"™"'"y "f C'<>l'>"ial Law, Ac,
w5^^iinf::::H4=th^l^^?c:^r"^"'^''^^
iT- ", ' r "*• '^°''° Noakes and Mary .'^tyles ■ a Poem
e:.h,bit,ng l.ngual localisms of Essex, 12L,Lon' 1838 '
ArcLjlo^L^"'"" ^°<' '---t' piece of loc.,' aes"np,io„'-.-
M,i,?fi 'm ' ^*^-' ''■P- ''• 1«'2. Mount Desert Island,
M.a me. 6rst became known by his contributions to Method-
ist Quarterly Review. He is the author of several works,
among wh.eh are: 1. Treatise ou Mental Disei,dine. 2
Death-Bed Scenes. 3. Life and Times of Bishop Heddin..
^t„ f ?ulf\ '""^ ""■' '^^toDsively and favourably re-
viewed by the N. Amor. Rey. and other leading Quarterlies
of America and England. It is one of the standard pub-
Iicaticms of the "Methodist Book Concern." In 1852 Dr
the Western Book Concern" of the Meth. Church.
tiark, l,mily. Novels, Lon., 1798, 1800 '05
f. "'M';"""- 1- Poems. 2. Rustics. 1775, 1805, Svo.
r.i . ' U^'^'Se. Legal compilations, Lou., 1777-1803
Clark, Rev. (.eorge H., an Episcopal minister, born
^f ^ttn^Sl'^J^k. '''' ^''^^""'^ ^"" ^■'■^"-»-
fiv'^'^e'''''. ^i'',"?*","- Oughtrcdus cxplicatus, Lon., 1682,
Svo. Spot-DialI,lG87,4t.,. Traetatus duo de Fide Nieena
Ac, conda (i. Bullum, 1095, 8yo i>icena,
clnrr' JJrr' 7'f "'»S-.*™='ti-'''S,Lon.,1655-5r,4to.
19 ,; "",?"• Iiilroduetion to Heraldry, Lon., 1776
12mo; 14th edit., 1845, 12mo. on., i,/o,
A Concsc Ita. of Knighthood, 1784, 2 voIs.'Svo.
Clark, J. Patersoii, Dentist Extraordinary to his
R. H. Prince Albert. System of treating the Teeth Lon
Svo. Treatise on Teeth, Ac, 12mo, 1S39. Teething and
Management, Svo, 1839. The Odontalgist, 1854, p. fvo
J"^^^} ^:.i=:^"cS;ISS^ne^^ J(^
Life, Syracuse, 1854, 12mo. Pioneer
Clark, James. Sermon, Edin., 1704.
Clark, James. Velorinary treatises, 1770, '88
Clark, Jaracs, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1788-97
Clark, S.r James, Bart., Physieian-in-Ordinary to
the Queen; b. 17SS, at Cullen, Banffshire. Sanative Influ-
ence of Climate, 1S29; 4th ed., 1846, 8vo.
tin'l'^,? ilrnUir""'"''' ';""'l'*"'"" t" c'very invalid who seeks rostoi-a-
tS JhXl Pr"l"08-itin„ of life b,,,u.,.th a milder sky than
th.jt wh ch lowers over his native lan,l."-io«. Mal.-Chir. Rn.
treatise on Pulmonary Consumption and Scrofula, 1835.
CLA
n , '""Kv/"''"* Caledonian Bards, trans, from the
Gaelic, 17,8 Svo. Poems of Ossian, 1781, Svo. General
V lew of the Agriculture of Brecknock county; of Radnor:
of Hereford; all 1794, 4to. '
A^JmI*,!^!"^ """"i*/ c''"''*^ '■"''' "^^laBed in a superior style."-
Nature and Value of Leased Property, 1808, Svo
Clark, John. Sermons, Lon., Svo
Clark, John, M.D., 1609-1676, came from London to
Rhode Mand 111 News from New England; or, A Narra-
tive of Ivew England's Persecution, Lon., 1652, 4to, etc.
Clark, John. Tamerlane, Lon., 1653, 4to.
Clark, John. Sermons, 1T16, 4to
i-^'"*/''' ^,"''"' ,''■ ^'^^*- Education of Youth, Lon.,
1,-0, 8vo. On Study, 1731, Svo. Making of Latin, 1749
J-ino. Other works. He edited several Latin authors. '
Clark, John, M.D., 1744-1805, a Scotch physician,
ruh. a work on Contagious Fevers, Newcast,, 1802 ]''mo
and several other profess, works, 1777-1801.
Clark, John. Penman's Diversion, 4to.
Clark, John. See Clarke
Clark, Sir John. See Clerk.
works, whichattainedconsiderablepopularity Awake Thon
'Ir'T k'V"';V ^^" ^'°'-'^' I-'"' Gather dFragm^ts
5th ed., N. Y. i2mo. The Young Disciple, 6ih cd^ N Y
12mo.^ The Pastor's Testimony, 6th 'ed. N. Y. fimo
Gleanings by the Way, Phila., 12n,o. A Walk abo, t Zion'
r8l7,''2'f:i'r'; if ^"'""^ ''^ «• h- ^^^g- ^■^■> ^^t
as';j::-,S'?;|Sj^lis^,^S^^:;^^s;*;;^;;:;^!sz'"l^;^
works are al characterized bv iroo,l th,,i„ri,t= ,„ ii •^■j ■
paceful and appiopHate man^eri;' - ' «' ^us;;' sfa'^f r^iilln"
R-n'orme™™"' """-^ '" ^'"^""^ ">« ■^l'i-"-l"fr,e?estro'f"b^
Clark, Jonas, of Lexington. Mass., 1730-1805 Ser-
mons, 1766, '68 '81. See Everett's Orations, i. 536.
Clark, Joshua. Sermons, 1691, '98, 4to
Clark, Kennedy. Poems, 1804, 12mo
Clark, Lewis Gaylord, twin-brother of Willis Gav-
LORn Clark, p,,,,) has obtained groat popularity In his
capacity of editor of the New York Knickerbocker Maga
?s?9 K n' ^^?T"a°' P'"°<iieal was started in Decembe,
l».i-, by C.F. Herman, who was succeeded in the editor
ship ,n 183.3, by Timothy Flint. Mr. Clark assumed the
of ;tV-\ / ' ''"V," ! ''? ^^^^^ niaiutains a post the duties
of which few could disch,argo so well. So long as he offers
the tempting display of an "Editor's Table" furnished
with so great a profusion of good things, he may reasonably
expect an abundant supply of delighted guests. It is no
small recommendation of such fare, that each may partake
to his hearts content, without diminishing the ouantity
or injuring the quality, of the common stock; and Mr
Uark has kindly offered for the benefit of the public at
large, a portion of the viands which have for so many
years tickled the literary palates of the readers of the
Ne"w Yotlsstlfrnf ■'""'"''^'^"'"'^" ^^''"'^ '>^'^"'='
matter."— P„(„am's ihigarine, Jmumry, 1S53. ^
Clark, M. Sermon, Lon., 1718, Svo.
Clark, i»Iargaret. Confession of, Lon., 1688, 4to
Clark, N. Way of Truth, Lon., 1717, '18, 2 vols. Svo.
Clark, Peter, of Danvers, Mass., d. 1768, aged 75.
Sermons, i-c, 1728-63. , a ^ ••>■
Clark, R. Veriniculars destroyed; with an Historical
Account of Worms, Lon., 1690-93. 4to
Clark, Richard. Favourite Pieces, performed at the
Glee and Catch Clubs, Ac, 1814, Svo.
Clark, RobeTt. The Lying Wonders, or rather the
Wonderful Lies, Lou., 1600, 4to.
1824''*sv^ ""'^•^■''- "^^^ "^"^ "^ »■ Sheriff in Scotland,
lova'^^'^jT"?^' ""^"^ ^•' " Presbyterian minister, b.
181.), at ^ewburyport, Mass. Heaven and its Scriptural
Emldems. Memoir of Rev. John E. Emerson. Lectures
to loung Men. Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery Ro
manism in America. Life Scenes of the Messiah. Also
i-amphlets. Sermons, Ac, and contributions to various
journals.
Clark, S. Description of the World, 1689, fmo
Clark, Samuel. Laws of Chance, Ac, 1758-77 '
.«.,?' '^'"""•-''' Theory and P. of Mechanics, 1763,
04, 4t0. '
Clark, Rev. Samuel A., an Episcopal minister, b.
at Newburyport, Mass. Memoir of the Rev. Albert W
Duy, prefixed to a vol. of Mr. Diiy's sermons, Phila , 1846
n 8vo, and pub. separately by (he American S. S. Union.'
Hist, of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N.J., 1703-1857,
Phila., 1857. 12mo. See Murray, Nicholas, DD., No. 1.
laE « ',^**'P'"'" ^*''' '^- '" ^'-Y-: grad. Amherst Coll.,
i8.J7. Analysis of the English Language. Practical Gram-
mar. Etymological Chart.
EngUsi'lan^'ai;."'""" " ™" "™ ""^ '"'''^ etymology of the
Clark, T. Perpetuation or Extinction of the Eeclesi
astical Jurisdiction in Temponal Concerns, Lon., 1840 Svo"
r^ *''^ ' ?^*'"""»s. Nature.&c.of Fever, Edin.,]801,8vo'
C ark, Thomas. Long-Shore Pilot, Lon., 1810,8v"
J^i ' . ' gliomas. System of Arithmetic, 1812, Svo
_C lark, 1 homas. Hist, of Intolerance, Lon Svo
pr^ui^^i^^it^s^i^r- -'''"'-' '"^*"'^ --^ ""=-<
CLA
CLA
Clark, Thomas M., D.D., Bishop of the P.E. Church I
in the State of Khnde Island, b. in Is^ewburyport, Mass. '
Lecture:^ on the Formation of Character, Hartford, 1S52, '
12mo. Purity a Source of Strength. The Efficient Sun-
day-School Teacher. An Efficient Ministry. Early Disci-
pline and Culture, Prov., 1855, 12mo. Other publications.
Clark, W. Hist, of England; ed., with Addits. and Ques-
tions, by Prof. J. C. Moffat, of Princeton Coll., Ciu., 1851.
Clark, W. B. Asleep in Jesus, Phila., 18mo.
Clavk, Wilfred. Serms., Lon., 1754, '97, 4to.
Clark, William. The Grand Tryal; or, Poetical
Excereitations upon the Book of Job, Edin., 1685, fol.
"A very liberal and respectably-executed paraphrastic version:
tbo coinnion En^'li^h translation is given on tlio margin." — Orme.
Clark, William. The Restless Ghost; or, Wonder-
ful News from N.irtbamptonshire and Southwark, 4to.
Clark, William. 1. Tythes. 2. Relief of the Poor,
1-^15. .S\-o.
Clark, William George, M.A. Gazpacho; or, Sum-
mer Months in Spain, Oxfurd, 1S50, 8vo. Peloponnesus:
Notes uf Study and Travel, 8vo.
" For archajological illustrations relafiii;^' to "Mycf-nae, Mantinea,
and Olympia, the Styx, the site of tlip lnitllM-iji-lil of Mantinea,
botanical notes upon the banks of the Ladon ainl the Kurotas, the
flowers of asphodel, the brai.-keu3. the pools fringed with lashes of
fern, which the modern Greeks call poetically ' black eyes,' we have
much pleasure in referring the reader to this scholar-like voUime,
fullof 'beauty with simplicity.'" — Zion..4(/jen., No. 1601, July 3.1858.
Clark, "William H. Water Colours, Lon., 1807, fol.
Clark,WiUisGaylord,lS10-1841,anativeof Otisco,
New York, proprietor and editor of the I'enerable Phila-
delphia Gazette, gained great distinction in the walks of
both poetry and prose. As specimens of the former, we
need only select from the many pieces the '* Song of May,"
" Memory," and "A Lament." His facility and excellence
in prose composition will be seen by reference to Ollnpo-
diana, (New York. 1S44, 8vo,) a series of papers contri-
buted to the New York Knickerbocker Magazine, of which
his brother, Lewis Gaylord Clark, was, and still is, editor.
His Poems, also, have been pub. in a collective form. See
Qriswold's Poets and Poetry, also bis Prose Writers of
America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
*' These three numbers of Mr. Clark's writings contain a series
of essays and sketches, under the rather liintastic title of ' Ollapo-
diana,' which were originally published in the Knickerbocker.
They are written in a free and flowing style, merry and sad by
turns, now in the sunshine and now in the shade, but always with
an undercurrent of deep feeling, in whii h thern are no impurities.
Occasionally poems, sometimes original and at others selected, are
introduced, showing the taste and graceful power of the author,
and the habitual tendency of his mind toward the beautiful. In-
deed, we think Mr. (.'lark a better poet than prose writer. The
whole tune of his mind is highly poetical, and his thoughts con-
tinually flow into rhythm, if not into rhyme. ... All Jfr. Clark's
friends faud few men have had more or warmer ones) will welcome
this vdlume. as a minor of his mind, of his quiuntness, his hu-
mour, his pathos, his ea.sy, careless manner, his disi-egard of con-
ventionalities, and, above all, of his gentle, humane, and generous
heart." — N. Amer. i?fi'., Vix. 239: Tfie Litp.rarii Remains of the
Ute Willis Gaylord C/ark, Nua. 1, 2, and 3, New York, 184-1, 8vo.
Clark, William Tierney, 178;.l-18j2: a distinguished
civil engineer. Account of Suspension Bridge across tho
Danube, r. 8vo.
Clark, Zachary. Charities in Norfolk, 1S12.
Clarke's British Gazetteer, Political, Commercial, Ec-
clesiastical, and Historical, 1852. 3 vols. imp. Svo.
Clarke, Adam, LL.D.. 1762-1832. a native of Ma-
gherafclt. near Londonderry, Ireland, was recommended to
the notice of the excellent John Wesley, and by his influence
placed at the Kingswood School near Bristol. The pur-
chase of a Hebrew Grammar led him to cultivate an ac-
quaintance with Oriental literature, in which he attained
considerable proficiency. When PJ he became an itinerant
preacher, and was thus employed for 26 years. In 1805
he settled in London, where he assiduously devoted him-
self to a work which engaged his attention more or less for
a large portion of his life — the Commentary on the Bible.
In 1815 he retired to an estate at Millbrook, in Lancashire,
purchased for hina by some generous friends. In 1826 he
visited the Shetland Isles, to ascertain the condition of the
Methodist Mission, established by the conference, at his
suggestion, in 1822. In 1823 he returned to London, but
finding his health impaired, removed to the parish of Rus-
lip, in Middlesex, where be remained until his death in
1832. Dr. Clarke was eminent for industry, piety, and zeal.
His Commcntiiry on the Scriptures will carry his name to
the remotest generation. Dissertation on the Use and
Abuse of Tobacco, I^on.. 1797, Svo. A Bibliographical
Dictionary, Liverp. and Manchest., 1802, '04, 6 vols. 12mo;
Supplement. Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. This work is not
entirely without merit, although frequently inaccurate, but
tho miserable paper on which it is printed, and the trouble
of consulting 8 small volumes, are sufiicient to repel aught
save the most determined bibiiogrnphical zeal. It includes
the' Vvh'de of the 4th ed. of Harwood's View of the Classics.
100 copies of the Dissertation on Polyglot Bibles was pub.
separately, 1823. Baxter's Christian Directory Abridged,
1804, 2 vols. Svo. A new edit, of Claude Fleury's Hist, of
the Ancient Israelites, [trans, into Engli^h by Farneworth,
Lon.. 1756, Svo.] 1805, 12mo. Ptespecling this valuabla
work see Bishop Home's Discourse, vol. i. The Eucharist,
1808, 8vo. The Succession of Sacred Literature, 1807,
12mo and Svo; 1821, 12mo; new edit., 1831, 2 vols. Svo;
vol. 2d, by Rev. J. B. B. Clarke. This valuable catena ex-
tends from Moses, B.C. 1451, to Thomas Wicke, a.d. 1299.
No bibliographer should be without it.
"The whole contains much important information relative to
biblical and ecclesiastical literature." — Home's Bihl. Bib'.
A new ed. of Shuekford's Connexion, 1803, 4 vols. Svo.
Illness and Death of Richard Porson. Sturm's Reflectiona
on the AVorksof God and his Providence,trans. from the Ger-
man, 2 vols. Svo ; 4 vols. 12nio ; 3 vols. 12mo ; 2 vols. 12mo.
" Kay, Derham, and Sturm, make Science the handmaid to Iteli-
gion, by interspersing serious and devotional reflections with
scientitic information."
See Andrews, Eliza. The Holy Bible, with a Com-
mentary and Critical Notes, Lon., 1810-26, 8 vols. 4to,-
improved cd., 183.3, '34, 4to; also in royal Svo; new ed. io
60 parts, 2((. each, or 6 vols. imp. Svo, 1851.
"^'ow, my dear Kverett, tell Mr. Tej^g it will not be to him a
secrmd-Uand edition, for the multitudinous emendations and cor-
rections from the author's own and last hand will ^\\& him a com-
plete new copyi ijiht. A. Clarke."
A Supplementary volume, entitled The Biblical Com-
panion, by another hand. Dr. Clarke culled his materials
from more than two thousand hooks in various languages.
" It is assuredly a wonderful performance, carried on as it was,
in the midst of journeyinys and privations — of weai-iness and pain-
fulness — of care and distraction; and carried on too by an unaided
and single-handed man; for he himself affirms that he had no
mortal to alTord him the smallest assistance." — Lowndes.
'•It displays much learning and vast reading. It dwells fre-
quently on minute points of comparatively small importance, and
touches some other points very lightly. . . . The doctrines of Armi-
nius appear in it, but are not offensively urged; and those who
cjinnot afford to purchase many books, will find in the stores of
Dr. Clarke's Commentary valuable assistance for the understanding
of the Bible."— Or /HP's Bill. Bib.
'■ The literary world in general, and biblical students in particn-
lar, are greatly indebted to Dr. Clarke for the light he has thrown
on many very difficult passages." — Hornets Bihl. Bib.
"A wonderful. monument of the author's erudition and perse-
vemnco. . . . Dr. Adam Clarke has done more to promote the popular
study of the sacred books in Kngland than any other man what-
ever; and at the same time he ha.s carefully applied them to the
advancement of personal godliness." — Dr. E. Wjlli.vus: Christian
Preacher.
"There is much valu.ible matter in it. Light is sometimes thrown
on difficult passages: but he is too fond of innovations, and justi-
fying generally condemned characters, and has both eccentric and
exceptionable passages ; yet he often makes good practical remarks.'*
— BiCKEBSTETH : Chri.'itiaji Student.
Harmer's Observations, with his Life; 5th and best ed.,
1816, 4 vols. Svo, by Dr. A. Clarke. Clavis Biblica, or a
Compendium of Biblical Knowledge, 1820, Svo. Memoirs
of the Wesley Family, Svo.
" To those who have read the Memoir of the Wesley Family no
recommendation of ours will enhance its value. To those, on the
contrary, who have that pleasure in reserve, we can promise an
exquisite treat." — Lon. Wotc/iman.
Dr. Clarke, assisted by his eldest son, J. W. Clarke, and
Mr. Holbrooke, laboured for some time in the preparation
of a new edit, of Rymer's Foedera. Vol. i. and the 1st
part of v(d. ii. {pub. ISIS) bear his name. He did not con-
tinue his labours on this undertaking. The Gospels Har-
monized. Arranged by Samuel Dunn, 1836. Svo. His Mis-
cellaneous Works were pub. in 13 vols. 12mo, 1836, Ac.
'"Dr. Clarke's Miscellaneous Works are worthy of a place in every
theological library. The four volumes of Sermons which they con-
tain are very valuable. They are argumentative, evangelical, and
impressive. All that Dr. Clarke wiote bears evident marks of re-
search and of strong sense." — Dr. E. Williams: Christian Pi-eacJu-r.
Memoirs, ed. by J. B. B. Clarke, 1832, 3 vols. Svo. See a
review of this work by Southey, in the Quar. Rev., li. 1 17.
Clarke, Alexander. Theob.g, treatises, 1763, 79.
Clarke, Ahired, 1590-1742. Fellow of Corpus Christi
College. Cambridge, 1718; Prebendary of Exeter, 1731;
Dean of Exeter. 1740. Serms., 1726, "'31, '37, '41. Cha-
racter of Queen Caroline, 173S, Svo.
'"IIh is s;ud to have spent the wholt? surplus of his annual income
in works of hospitality and charity."
Clarke, Andrew. A Tour in France, Italy, and Swit-
zerland in 18-10 and 1S41, Lon., IS4.3, p. Svo.
"The author's description of manners or localities is always ac-
ceptable: he never tells more than the reader wishes to know."—
Edin. Eveni7ig Cfmrant.
Clarke, Anne. Literary Patchwork; or a CoUectioa
of Prose and Verse, 1813, Svo.
CLA
CLA
Clarke, Anthony, Public Accounts, 1782, 4to.
Clarke, Sir Arthur. Essay ou Bathing, Lon., 12mo.
"This work will be found to contain more useful instruction,
and more valuable practical remarks than any that has appeared
on the subject." — Lon. Gazette of Health.
Diseases of the Skin, 12mo. Use of Iodine, Ac, 12mo.
Manual for Preservation of Health, 12mo. Mother's Medi-
cal Assistant. 12mo.
Clarke, C. L. Chancery Cases, Rochest., 18-11, 8vo.
Clarke, Charles, Antiquarian treatises, 1751-94.
Clarke, Charles. Treatise on Gypsum, 1792, 8vo.
'■With an account of its extraordinary effects as a manure;
cheap ; and more productive to vegetation than auy hitherto made
use of."
Clarke, Charles C. Hundred Wonders, 1S18, 12mo.
Clarke, Charles M. Diseases of Females, 1814,
8vo.
Clarke, Cuthbert. 1. The True Theory and Prac-
tice of Husbandry, deduced from Philosophical Researches
and Experience, Lon., 1775, 4to. 2. Weights and Mea-
sures, Edin., 17S9, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
For other treatises on Weights and Measures, see
Adams. John Qtincy; Alexander, John Henry, Ac.
Clarke, Edward, 1730-1786, educated at St. John's
College, Cambridf;e, Rector of Pepperharrow, Surrey, 1758 ;
Chaplain to the Embassy at Madrid, 1760. Letters con-
cerning the Spanish Nation, Lon., 1765, 4to. They treat
of antiquities and Spanish literature. In the Appendix
will be found a catalogue of the MSS. in the Library of
the Escurial. A Defence of General Johnstone, 1767. A
Letter, 1765. Serm., 1759, 4to. Proposals for a folio ed.
of the Greek Testament.
Clarke, Edward Daniel, LL.D., 17G9-1822, one of
the most distinguished of modern travellers, second son of
the preceding, entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1786;
in 1S05 he received the College living of Harlton. and sub-
sequently the living of Yeldham. In 1807 his Lectures on
Mineralogy, delivered at Cambridge, excited much atten-
tion, and in the following year the University established
a Professorship of this science iu favour of Dr. Clarke.
In 1790 he travelled with a pupil, a nephew of the Duke
of Dorset, through parts of Great Britain and Ireland.
He pub. an account of this tour in 1793. 8vo. This volume
is now rare : many copies having been bought up by the
author, who regretted its publication.
*' It is throughout natural, eloquent, characteristic of youthful
ardour and spirit, and strongly indicative of feelings which do
honour to the goodness and humanity of his heart.-' See Otter's
Life of Clarke.
The Colossal Statue of Ceres at Cambridge, 1803, Svo.
The Tomb of Alexander in the British Museum, Camb.,
1805. 4to; repub., Lou., 1806, Svo.
"Dr. Clarke and his friends have taken no ordinary pains to
prove the curious chest which is now in the British Museum, to be
the actual depository of the Macedonian Hero: and they have
brought to;;;ether a body of materials which certainly does credit
to their learning." — Lon. Annual Review.
The Mineral Kingdom, Lon., 1806, fol. Letter to the
Gentlemen of the British' Museum, 1807, 4to. The Greek
Marbles at Cambridge, Camb., 1809, Svo. Letter to Her-
bert Marsh, D.D., Lon., 1812. Svo. Chemical Con. to
Ann. Philos., 1816, '17. In 1798, in company with a pupil,
Mr. Cripps, he made the extensive tour, the description
of which has conferred so much just celebrity on Dr.
Clarke's name. Their absence, which it was intended
should not exceed six mouths, was prolonged to three
years and a half. The travellers visited Denmark,
Sweden. Lapland, Finland, Russia, Tartary, Circassia,
Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Greece; return-
ing home from Constantinople, across the Balkan moun-
tains, through Germany and France. The medals, mine-
rals, plants, and MSS., collected during this tour, were
sold to tlie Bodleian Library. Dr. Clarke's Travels in
Europe, Asia, and Africa, <fcc., were published : Vol. i.,
1810; ii., 1812; iii., 1814; iv.,1816; v., 1819 ; vi., (posth.)
1823, 4to; also in 11 vols. Svo, 1816-24. These charming
and instructive volumes not only claim a place in the first
rank of travels by Englishmen, but the first place in the
first rank. We shall adduce some valuable testimonies to
their merits :
" You have seen and described more of the East than any of
your predecessors, — I need not say how ably and successfully.
Will you accept my very sincere congratulations on your second
volume, wherein I have retraced some of my old paths, adorned
by you so beautifully, that they afford me double delight? How
much you have traversed! I must resume my seven-lea-^ued
boots and journey to P.alestine, which your description mortifies
me not to have seen more than ever. I still sigh for the ^gean.
Shall you not always love its bluest of all waves and brightest of
all skies? You have awakened all the gipsy in me. I long to be
restless again, and wandering; see what mischief you do; you
won't allow gentlemen to settle quietly at home. I will not wish
you success and fame, for you have both; but all the happiness
which even these cannot always give." — Letter from Lord Byron to
Dr. Clarke.
" We willingly pass over a host of minor, and even respectable,
travellers to journey iu company with Dr. Clarke, whose strong
powers of observation, and eloquent and animated pictures, both
of art and nature, have raised him to so high a rank, among
modern travellers. His profound skill in antiquities peculiarly
qualified him for exploring the regions he principally traversed."
— Alurray^s History of Discoveries.
"There is no department of inquiry or observation to which
Dr. C. did not direct his attention during his travel: in all he
gives much information in a pleasant style: and to all he evidently
brought much judgment, talent, and preparatory knowledge." —
Stevenson^s Discovery, A'avigatiim, and Onnmerce.
" The splendour and celebrity of all travels performed by Eng-
lishmen have been exceeded hy those of the late and deeply la-
mented Dr. Edward Clarke. Few travellers have attained so large
and so general a reputation. His style is easy and perspicuous:
his facts are striking, interesting, and instructive: his matter,
while it is highly to the best interests of science, displays the keen
and penetrating observation, the hardy enterprise, and the invin-
cible perseverance of the author. That Dr. Clarke will live, in the
purest sense of the word, cannot be doubted for au instant: his
name will be held in more than ordinary estimation by a grateful
posterity. Upon the whole, if Humboldt be the first, Clarke is
the second, traveller of his age."— />r. Ihbdin's Library Companion.
'* Few travellers can be compared with Dr. Clarke, whether wo
consider the number of countries which he visited, the extentand
variety of his researches, or the diligence and success with which
he applied himself to collect materials, illustrations of natural
philosophy, antiquities, and the fine arts." — Museum Criticum,
Oiinhridge.
" He has a power of selecting object.';, and raciness in describing
them, almost unparalleled. Few men have seen so much as this
lively and interesting traveller, and still fewer have so well de-
scribed what they have seen."' — Lon. Quarterly Heview.
*' On all the topics which interest a traveller. Dr. Clarke's infor-
mation is important and extensive; and we accordingly find in
these volumes a vast body of matter exceedingly valuable for rec-
tifying the errors of other writers, and for increasing our know-
ledge of countries aspiring to the first rank among European na-
tions."— Edin. Bevieu'.
" No man has surveyed the world with the advantages of more
various learning, or has communicated to the public the results of
his remarks on mankind, in a style more distinguished for clear-
ness, elegance, and facility, than the learned and intelligent author
of these matchless volumes." — L071. Ectfctic Revitvj,
" The accomplished and famed traveller of Cambridge. He is a
most favourable specimen of English travellers, and does honour
to the great Vniversity of which he was such a distinguished or-
nament."— BlacJcwood''s Muyazine.
Let no fireside circle complain of ''dull winter even-
ings" until they have exhausted the volumes which con-
tain Dr. Clarke's fascinating descriptions of his peregri-
nations. The 4to ed., pub. at £27 2s., can now be had for
£6 to £8; and the Svo ed., pub. at £10, for about three
guineas. Let there be added the Life and Remains of
Dr. Clarke, by his friend, Mr. Otter, Lon., 1824, 4to.
Clarke, Edward Goodman, M.D. The Modern
Practice of Physic. Lon., 1805, Svo.
"This volume may be recommended to the student as contain-
ing the best compendium of modern improvement in medicine
and therapeutics which we have had occasion to peruse." — Lon.
Critical Review.
'' We earnestly recommend this work as deserving of the atten-
tion, particularly, of the junior branches of the profession ; as it
is written in an able and scientific manner." — Lon. Med. Journal.
The New London Practice of Physic ; 7th ed., Lon.,
1811, Svo. Other profess, treatises, 1799, ISIO.
Clarke, Edmund William. Serms., Lon., 1835, Svo.
Clarke, Francis. See Clerke.
Clarke, Francis F. Serms., Lon., 1839, Svo.
Clarke, Francis L. 1. Geography. 2. Wellington,
1810, '12.
Clarke, Geo, The Landed Man's Assist. 1715, 12mo.
Clarke, George. Theolog. treatises, 1789,lS00,12mo.
Clarke, George Somers, D.D. Trans, of CEdipus,
Lon., 1791, Svo. Verses, 179:^, 4to. Serms., 1808. He-
brew Criticism and Poetry, 1810, Svo.
Clarke, H, J. Two Serms., Lon., 1851, Svo.
Clarke, Henry, 1745-1818, a mathematician, Profes.
R. Military Cull, at Marlow. The Summation of Series,
trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1780, 4to. Practical Perspect-
ive, 1776. Virgil Revindicated, being a reply to Bishop
Horslcy. 1809. 4to. Other publicjitions.
Clarke, Henry. Angels, a Poem, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Poems on the Church, itc, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
"They fully merit the riniiiiiriKbitinn which we remember to
have seen bestowed by the Uriti>h Criti.-on a previous volume." —
JCnyliiihman's Mug.; and see t'lnistian Remembrancer.
Clarke, Hewson. Saunterer, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo.
Art of Pleasing, 1807, Svo. Campaign in Russia, 1813, Svo.
Clarke, Hyde, has pub. several works, and contri-
buted the Statistical Information to 1850, in Porter and
Long's Geography of England and Wales.
CLA,
"We cannot, speak too highly of the statistical portion, whifh
contains a complete view, in a condensed form, of the whole body
of statistirs relating tn Enj^Iand and Wales, brought down to the
present time." — Civil Engtnctrs Journal.
See Porter, G. R.
Clarke, J., M.D. Seder 01am; or the Order of Ages.
From the Latin, Lou., 1696, 8vo.
Clarke^ J- Clerk's Assistant, Lon., 1783, 12mo.
Clarke, J. B. B., son of Dr. Adam Clarke. Concise
View of the Succession of Sacred Literature, vol. ii., Lon.,
1832, 8vo. Memoirs of Adam Clarke, Ac. : see Adam
Clarke. Serms., 1S33, 8vo.
*■ They evince an earnestness of appeal, grounded upon solid
argument, and urged with considerable animation." — Lon. Otris-
tian liememhrancer.
Clarke, J. H. Effects of Landscape Scenery, 1812:
pub. at £5 5».
Clarke, J. W. See Clarke, Aham.
Clarke, James. Topograph, works, 1787, '93.
Clarke, James. Puhlications on Politics, Political
Economy, and Religion, 1809, ']1.
Clarke, James Edward. Dissert, on the Dragon,
Beast, and False Prophet of the Apocalypse, Lon., 1814, 8vo.
*' We caunot agree with the author in many of his explanations:
yet we have read his work with some degree of satisfaction, and
think he has succeeded in throwing additinnal li^ht on some of
the obscure subjects which he undertakes to illustrate." — Lon.
EdfCtic Review.
Clarke, James Freeman, a native of Boston. Mass.,
a minister of the gospel, fci-merly editor of The Western
Messenger, pub. in 1846 a Poem delivered before the Phi
Beta Kappa Society. See some of his minor poems in
Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
Clarke, James Stanier, d. 1834, brother of Dr.
Edward Daniel Clarke, the celebrated traveller, was Do-
mestic Chaplain and Librarian to George IV., Vioar of
Preston, Rector of Coombs, and Canon of Wimlsor.
Naval Serms., Lon., 1798, 8vo. The Progress of Maritime
Discovery, vol. i. ; all pub. 1803, 4to. This work was left
incomplete, but it is well worth purchasing were it only
for its analytical Catalogue of Voyages and Travels in all
languages. An ed. of Falconer's Shipwreck. 1804, 8vo.
Naufragia, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo, In conjunction with Dr.
McArthur, The Life of Lord Nelson, 1809, 2 vols. 4toj
Abridgt., 1810, 8vo.
"Every Englishman ought to possess this interesting and im-
portant biography, forming a complete naval history of the last
half century."
Serm., 1811. An ed. of Lord Clarendon's Essays, 1815,
2 vols. 12mo. The Life of James II. : pub. from the ori-
ginal Stuart MSS., 1816, 2 vols. 4to.
"From such a treasure as tliis .luuinal [James IT.'s MSS.] it isa
matter to be lamented, and imli'id lit-servinf; of extreme surprise,
that such a historian as Iluim- did im more than produce a sint^le
extract."— J°/vj/. Smyth's Led. en M<d. Hi.^t.
The Naval Chronicle originated with Mr. Clarke.
Clarke, Jeremiah, d. 1707. a composer of Church
Music, tfec. Some of his songs will be found in The Pills
to Purge Melancholy. He pub. Lessons for the Harpsi-
chord. " I will love thee," in the 2d book of the Harmonia
Sacra, "Bow down thine Ear," and "Prnise the Lord, 0
Jerusalem." are Clarke's compositions. To these must be
added '* The Bonny grey-ey'd Morn," in the Beggar's
Opera. It was composed fur D'Urfey's "Fond Husband."
Clarke, John. Trumpet of Apollo, Lon., 1602. 12mo.
Clarke, John, of Fiskerton. Transitionum Rhetori-
carum Fumiulrc. Lon., ltJ2S, 8vo.
Clarke, John. Holy Oyle for the Lampcs of the
Sancturie, ir.30, 4to.
" For the use and benefit of such as desire to spcake the lan-
guage of Canaan ; more especially the souues of the Prophets, who
would attaiue elegaucie and suhlimity of expressions."
Serm,, 1646, 4to. Treatise about the Comfort of God's
Children, 1670, 8vo.
Clarke, John. The Plotters Unmasked; or. Murder-
ers no Saints, 1661. 4to.
Clarke, John, 1650-1721. The Humours of Harle-
quin, a series of 12 plates.
Clarke, John, D.D., d. 1759, Dean of Sarum. Trans,
of Rohault's Physics, 2 vols. 8vo, into English. Notes in
Wollaston's Religion of Nature. Newton's Principles of
Nat. Philoa., Lon., 1730, 8vo. Cause and Origin of Evil,
vol. i. ; 8 serms. at Boyle's Lecture, 1719, '20, 8vo ; vol. ii. ;
8 serms. at Boyle's Lecture, 1720, '21. 8vo. Serm., 17.12,
8vo, Trans, of Grotius on the Truth of the Christian Re-
ligion, with Le Clerc's Notes; new ed., 1814, Svo.
"An excellent manual; clear, forcible, and easy. So common
that almost everybody has it. and so excellent that nobody ought
to be without it." — Bishop Watson.
Clarke, John. Medical treatises^ Lod., 1751, '58, '93;
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1815. Med. Trans., 1815. Trans. Med. and Chir., 1793,
1800. Phil. Trans., 1793.
Clarke, John, Lieut, of Marines. Military Institu-
tions of Vegetius; trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1767, 8vo.
An impartial and authentic Narrative of the Battle of
Bunker's Hill, Lon., 1775, Svo.
*' Differs, in several respects, from the Gazette account. Time
will shew whether General Gage or Lieutenant Clarke will be ac-
counted the better authority." — Lon. Monthly RtvUu>, liii. 205.
The collector of books upon American History should
procure Lieut. Clarke's Narrative.
Clarke, John. Serm., 1803, 4to.
Clarke, John. Illustrations of the Morning Service
of the Church of England, 1804, 12mo.
Clarke, John, D.D., 1755-1798, a minister of Boston,
Mass. Serms.. .tc, 1784-1804.
Clarke, John. Serms., Ac, 1808, '12.
Clarke, John. Bibliotheca Legum : Complete Cata-
logue of the Common and Statute Books of the United
Kingdom; new edit., 1819, Lon., 18mo. This excellent
catalogue — most elaborately arranged according to sub-
jects, yet rendered easy of consultation by a general in-
dex— should be in every public library and on every law-
yer's table. We refer below to several works of a similar
character. A comprehensive Bibliotheca Legum is still
a dfsidcratmn. The profession will see that we have not
entirely neglected so important a subject.
See "Bridgman, Rd. W. ; Brooke, Edward; Hoffmax,
David; Marvin, J. G. j "Worrall, John.
Clarke, John. An Inquiry into the nature and value
of Lauded and Household Property, Ac, Lon., 180&, Svo.
We have no doubt that this work should be attributed to
John Cliirk, the author of the Caledonian Bards, Ac. We
have, therefore, placed it under his name, also, and sup-
plied the abiive date.
Clarke, John. Sixteen Serms., Camb., 1829, Svo.
Clarke, John L, A Rule how to bring up Children,
Lon., 158S, Svo. This work is based upon the Bible; the
only competent "rule" for men, women, and children.
Clarke, Jos. Serm., Lon., 1691.
Clarke, Joseph. Thculog. treatises, Lon., 1746, '49.
Clarke, Joseph, M.D. Profess, con. to Med. Com.,
1790; Phil. Trans., 1786,- Trans. Irish Acad., 1788.
Clarke, L. History of the Bible, 1737, 2 vols. 4to.
Clarke, L. Letter to Henry Brougham, 1818, Svo.
Clarke, M. A., M.D. Management of Children, from
the Time of Birth to the Age of Seven Years, Lon., 1773, Svo,
Clarke, M'Donald, 1798-1842, known for many
years in N.Y. as The Mad Poet. We are indebted to Duyc-
kincks' Cyclopedia for the following li^t of his publications,"
1. Review of The Eve of Eternity, and ..ther Poems, 1820.
2. The Elixirof Moonshine; beingac-^Uection of Prosoand
Poetry, by the Mad Poet, 1822. 3.'Thc Gossip; or, A Laugh
with the Ladies, a Grin with the Gentlemen, Ac, 1825.
4. Sketches, 1826. 5. Afara; or. The Belles of Broadway,
2 Series. 6. Poems, 1836. 7. A Cross and a Coronet, 1841,
Clarke, Mary Ann. The Rival Princes, 1810, 2 vols.
Svo. Letter to Rt. Hon. W. Fitzgerald, 1813, Svo. Mrs.
Clarke received £10,000 and an annuity of £600 for sup-
pressing an edition of 10.000 copies of another work. See
Timperley's Encyclopaedia of Literary and Typographical
Anecdote. Lon., 1839. r. Svo.
Clarke, Mary Cowden, an English lady, for some
years past resident at Nice, has distinguished herself for
all future time by the successfid execution of one of the
happiest literary projects which ever entered into the ima-
gination of man or woman. That laborious index-maker,
Samuel Ayscough, had pub. in 17U0 a Copious Index to the
Remarkable Passages and Words made use of by Shaks-
peaie ; reprinted, Dublin, 1791, and Lon., 1827, Svo.
Francis Twiss also gave to the world in 1805-07, 2 vols.
Svo, a Complete Verbal Index to the Plays of Shakspeare.
But these works, which had cost the authors such an outlay
of time and toil, were very incomplete, and perhaps more
frequently productive of headaches and new instances of
the " pursuit of knowledge under difficulties," than suc-
cessful explorations. Now, it occurred to Mrs. Clarke that
a Complete Concordance to the Dramatic Works of Shaks-
peare would bo invaluable to the literary world, and would
enter into a companionship with the great bard as close
and enduring as that which subsists between Coke and
Littleton. Or if Mrs. Clarke did not exactly think all
this, we may be allowed to think it for her. To this vmg-
nnm opus, pub. in 1846, she devoted the untiring labour
of sixteen years, twelve in the preparation of the MS. and
four more in guiding it through the press. The length of
time employed will not seem extravagant, when we con-
CLA'
Bider tlint the 2578 colnnins which compose the work con-
tain about ^^09,000 Hues, each one of which required, both
in MS. anrl print, a rigid scrutiny. How faithfully this
duty was discharged, may be judged from the fact, that
the table of errata contains but thirteen lines; all of which
are omissions merely: as to errors, we have no evidence
of their existence. The reader will feel a great curiosity
to know the modus ojierandi adopted in such an Herculean
undertaking :
" We had been erroneously informed that each line of the Con-
cordance was written on a separate slip of paper, and put into
baskets alphabetically arranged. Had this been so, we opine it
would have required buck-baskets as large as that into which fat
Jack was so unceremoniously thrust, and a room to hold them as
capacious as fSt, (Jeorge's Hall, in Windsor Castle. Far different
and more ingenious was the mode pursued." — H. Balmanno; see
A Testimonial to Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke, New York, lSo2, pri-
vately piinted for subscribers only.
We trust that we shall not be blamed if we gratify a
laudable curiosity, by an extract from a letter from Mrs.
Clarke to the author of this Dictionary, in which the grand
secret is disclosed :
"The method I pursued was this: — I had a wide-backed port-
folio for each letter of the Alphabet, (in some instances — as S, for
example — it required two portfolios.) I took afresh sheet of paper
for each word I inscribed. I worked straight throuj.'h two pages
of Phakesptjai-eas they lay open before me, letter Ity letter, thus: — ■
suppose the top line of the pajic was *■ Angrls are tiri;i;ht still,
thou^-h the brightest fell :' I entered the word ' Anjiel' under its
properhead.andall the succeeding words beginning with A through
the two pages; then 'fell,' and so on, till the whole of the two
pages Were gone through; and then on to two more. At the end
of each play, I collected all ih^ fdled pages of the MS., that my
portfolio might be as little loaded as need be; but even with this
precaution, the bulb in use was very large. However, although
the bulk may be increased by using a fi-.'sh sheet for each word,
yet I think the advantage of clearness tlius olit.iined quite coun-
terbalances the inconvenience, &c." — D--ri:h<.s(i:r Terrace, Bays-
vjater, March 25, 1852.
So admirably simple and ingenious was the path which
led the adventurer safely through this wJlileniess of words.
Every one who has a Shakspkaue — as ''who hath not,
that hath" a book at all — should immediately procure Mrs.
Clarke's invaluable Con'cordanck. Let tho reader add to
this volume Mrs. Clarke's Girlhood of Shakspere's Hero-
ines; Shakspere Proverbs; Kit Bam's Adventures, and
The Iron Cousin, or Mutual Influence.
'•Mis. Cowden Clarke, whose Concordance of Shakspeare shows
such ma&tery of the letter of the poet's works, now evince.s her
appreciation of their Rpirit in a series of fictions entitled The
Girllicod of Shakspcare's Heroines." — Dichens^s Household Narra-
tives.
World-Noted Woman ; or, Types of Particular Womanly
Attributes of All Lands and Ages Illustrated, N.Y., 1858,
Svo. This elaborate volume was prepared by Mrs. Clarke
at the suggestion of the Messrs. Api)lcton, the well-known
publishers of New York. Mrs. Clarke has also trans, from
the French Catel's Treatise on Harmony, and Cherubiui's
Treatise on Counterpoint and Fugue.
Clarke, Matthew, li504-172t>, a. Dissenting minister
in London. .Serins.. 17IK '21, '23, '27.
Clarke, Matthew St, Clair, an.l D, A, Hall. His-
tory of the Bank of the United States. Washington, 1S32,
Svo, pp. 80S. See North American Review, July. 1832.
Cases of Contested Elections in Congress, from 17S9 to
1834, inclusive, Washington, Svo. M. St. C. C. and Peter
Force: Documentary History of the American Revolution,
Washington, 1S38, fob; pp. 943. This voL extends from
March 1, 1774, to May 2, 1775.
'•It includes all the debates in the English House of Lords and
in the Commons. ... It is a documentary history such as never
before existed, when the greatest minds of the age were brought
into collision, and met to discuss the doctrines and the riiihts
which were effecting a change in the destiny of the race." — North
American Review, AjtriJ, 1S38; q.v. See Force, Peter.
Clarke, Reuben. Serms., Lon.. 1767, '95, Svo.
Clarke, Richard, an English divine, was some time
Rector of St. Philip's Church, Charleston. S. Carolina. He
returned to England in 1759, and in 1768 was curate of
Cheshunt in Hertfordshire. Theolog. treatises, 1759-95.
Clarke, Richard, M.D. Plan for increasing Naval
Force of Great Britain, Lon., 1795, Svo. Medical Stric-
tures, 1799, 8vo.
Clarke, Rev. Robert. Med. Ac. eon. to Phil. Trans.,
1697, 1748.
Clarke, Robert. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1795.
Clarke, Saiimel, 15'.)9-16S2. a native of Worlston,
Warwickshire, educated at Emanuel C^dlege, Minister of
St. Bennet Fink, ejected, 1062, pub. several valuable theo-
logical works. The Saint's Nosegay, Lon., 1642, 12mo.
A Looking Glass for Saints and Sinners, and Lives of
Persons eminent for Piety, 1646, 12mo; 1672, fol. ; vol.ii.,
1673, foL
OLA
" lie must have turned over a prodigious number of volumes to
accumulate such a mass of anecdote."
Marrow of Ecclesiastical History, 1650, 2 vols. 4to; best
ed., 1675, fol. Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons in this
Latter Age. 1683, fol.
*' Various particulars of the lives of eminent men, not now to
be found elsewhere." — EicKERSTKTn.
General Martyrology, 1651, fol.; the same, with the
Lives of 32 EngHsh Divines, 1652, fol.; with addits., 1677,
fol. The Marrow of Divinity. 1650, fol. New Descrip-
tion of tho World, 1689. ful. Other works.
"The value of most of his lives is, that they are taken from
scarce volumes and tracts, which it would now be extremely diffi-
cult, as well as expensive, to procure."
Clarke, Samuel, 1623-1669, an eminent Oriental
scholar, a native of Brackley, Northamptonshire, entered
of Merton College, Oxford, 1638. assisted Walton in his
Polyglot Bible. Varise Lectiones et Observationes iu
Chaldaicam Paraphrnsim. — i^olyj. BibL, vol. vi. Scien-
tia Metriea et Rhythmica. Oxon.. 1661, Svo. Beracoth,
1667, Svo. See a descripti^m of his works, printed and
in MS., in Athen. Oxon. Wuod tells us that he was
'• Ilight famous fi^r Orieutal learning."
Clarke, Saninel, 1626-1700-01, son of Samuel
Clarke the Martyrologiat, was educated at Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge. The Old and New Testament, with Annota-
tions and Scriptural Passages, Lon., 1690, Svo; 1735, '60,
fol.; Glasg., 1765, fol. This commentary was the princi-
pal employment of his life.
'■ This work is recommended by Owen, Bates, Baxter, and Howe.
Except the parallel Scriptures, however, it does not appear to me
to possess great value, or to contain much original composition.
It is generally very judicious, and is recommended by the Uishop
of Chester."— 0?-?H<''.>t Bibl. Bib.
"The selection of parallel texts is admirable; and the notes,
though very brief, are written with great judgment." — Uurne's
Bibl. Bib.
" The notes are very short, sometimes only a single sentence, but
generally excellent. Dr. Doddridge made it his commonplace
book." — Bichersieth''s Christian .Stmh'y/t.
It is also highly recommended by Bishop Cleaver, Dr.
Calamy, and others.
'•It has been an excellent fund for .some modern commentators,
who have republished a great part of it. with very little alteration."
Abridgt. of tho Hist, Part of the 0. and N. Testaments,
1690, Svo. Survey of the Bible, 1693, 4to.
"A useful analysis of each chapter." — Bicker stHh's Chris. Stitdent
Serm.. 1693, 4to. Brief Concordance of the Holy Scrip-
tures, 1606, 12mo. A Discourse of Justification, 1698, 4to.
Clarke, Samuel, D.D., 1675-1729, one of the most
celebrated of English philosophers and divines, was a na-
tive of Norwich, where his father, Edward Clarke, was an
alderman. He entered Caius College. Cambridge, in 1691 ;
Chaplain to Dr. Moore, Bishop of Norwich. 1698, who gave
hitu the rectory of Drayton ; Rector of St. Bennet's, PauTa
Wharf. London, 1706 ; Rector of St. James's, Westminster,
1709. When only twenty years of age he distinguished
I himself by a successful effort to substitute the Newtonian
for the Cartesian philosophy, which still prevailed at Cam-
bridge. The physics of Rohault, *'a work entirely Car-
tesian," was the Cambridge text-book. The Latinity of
this work was very defective, and this fact gave Clarke an
opportunity to supplant its principles under the cloak of a
better translation, and supplementary notes.
"A new and more elegant translation was published by Dr.
[then Mr.] Samuel Clarke, with the .addition of notes, in which
that profound and ingenious writer explained the views of Newton
on the piincipal subjects of di-scussion, so that the notes contained
virtually a refutation of the text: they did so, however, only vir-
tually: all appearance of argument and controversy being care-
fully avoided. Whether this escaped the notice of the learned
doctors or not, is uncertain; but the new translation, from its
better Latinity. . . . was readily admitted to all the academical
honours which the old one had enjoyed. Thus the stratagem of
Dr. Clarke completely succeeded ; the tutor might prelect from the
text, but the pupil would sometiniea look into the notes; and
error is never so sure uf being exposed aa when the truth is placed
I close to it, side by side, without any thing to alarm prejudice or
I awaken from its lethargy the dread ufinnuvat ion."— Prof. Playfair.
I "This certainly was a more prudent method of introducing
I truth unknown before, than to attempt to throw aside this treatise
' entirelv and write a new one inste.id of it. The success answered
exceedingly well to his hopes; and he may justly be styled a great
benefactor to the university in this attempt. For by this means
the true philosophy has. without any noise, prevailed ; and to this
day the translation of Rohault is, geuerally speaking, the stand-
ing text for lectures, and his notes the first dh-ection to those who
are willing to receive the truth of things, in the place of invention
and romance."' — Bishop Hoaply.
Of this translation there have been four editions ; the
last and best, in 1718. 8vo. A translation of Rohault into
English, with Dr. Samuel Clarke's Notes, was made by
the brother of the latter, Dr. John Clarke, Dean of Sarum,
Lon., 1710. 2 vols. 8vo.
Our author, having chosen divinity as his profession, ap-
CLA
CLA
plied himself with much zeal to theological learning, in '
which lie made great att:unments. Three Practical Es- j
gays on Baptism. Confirmation, and Repentance, 1699, 8vo.
"Mr. Whiston esteems these Essays the most serious treatises
Dr. Clarke ever wrote, and which, with a little correction, will
Btill be very useful in all Christiau families." — Biot/. Brit.
But (indi alttrain partem :
'■The>;..' pubIi.-ations trave little promise of Clarke's subsequent
perftiruKinces. They are destitute of orJ<:;inaUty and acuteness;
nor is there any thing in the style to compensate for medioL-rity
of thouL'lit and illustration." — Cu7}7ungfia>iis Bug. Hist, of Eng.
Reflections on Amyntor, 1(199. Paraphrases upon the
Gospclof St. Matthew, 1701; St. Mark and St. Luke, 1702;
St. John : often reprinted under the title of A Paraphrase
on the Four Evangelists, 2 vols. 8vo.
" Dr. Clarke's Paraphrase deserves an attentive reading : he
narrates a story in handsome laniruage, and connects the parts well '
to;z:etber; but fiails much in emphasis, and seems to mistake the
order of the histories." — Dr. Doddridge.
" Dr. Clarke was a superior scholar, and a man who studied the
liible with attention, though some of its grand doctrines were not
correctly understood by him. . . . Those who are partial to para-
phrases of the Bible, which the author of this work is not, will
find Clarke and Pyle not inferior to the generality of parapbrasts.''
—Orme^x Bibl. Bib.
Pyle's [Thomas] Paraphrase on the Acts and the Epis-
tles, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo, and on the Book of Revelation, 1735,
8vo, were designed as a continuation of Clarke's work.
See Pyle, Tuomas. Controversy with Mr. Dodwell re-
specting the Immortality of the Soul; five treatises, puh.
1706, '07. Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of
God. The Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth
and Certainty of the Christiau Revelation, in Answer to
Hobbes, Spinoza, &c., being the Substance of 16 Sermons
preached 1704, '05. at the Lecture founded bv the Hon.
Robert Boyle, 1705 and 1706, 2 vols. 8vo. The first eight
sermons are devoted to A Demonstration of the Being and
Attributes of God.
Very diflferent opinions have been entertained of this
celebrated demonstration. The satirical commentary of
Pope has but little weight, for the theological opinions of
the author of the Dunciad have never been considered
especially valuable. Dr. Thomas Brown has a better
claim to be heard, and he considers the speculations of
Clarke and others of a like character, as
•' Kelics of the mere verbal logic of the schools, as little capable
of producing conviction as any of the wildest and most absurd
of the technical scholastic reasonings on the properties, or supposed
properties, of entity and nou-entity."
Dugald Stewart acknowledges that "argument a priori
has been enforced with singular ingenuity I'v I>r. Clarke,"
yet he confesses that it *' does not carry complete convic-
tion to my mind."
Bishop Hoadly, the stout apologist for Clarke, declares
that his demonstration
" Is one regular building, erected upon an unmovable fbundor
tion. and rising up from one stage to another, with equal strength
and dignity."
Whiston tells us that he was in his garden when Clarke
brought him this famous volume :
" Now I perceived that in these Sermons he had dealt a great
deal in abstract and metaphysical reasonings. T therefore asked
him how he ventured into such subtilties, which I never durst
meddle with? And shewing him a net tie. or the like contemptible
weed, in my garden, I tdd him. that weed contained better argu-
ments for the Ueing and Attributes of God, than all his metaphy-
sicks. lie confessed it to be so; but alleged for himself. th:it,
since such philosophers as Uobbes and i^pinoza had made use of
those kind of subtilties against, he thought proper to shew, that
the like way of reasoning might be better made use on the sidf of,
religiou. "Which rea.son, or excuse, I allowed not to be iuconsidei^
able."' — Hist. Mem.: see Biog. Brit.
We think that Clarke's ''reason or excuse" should have
been most satisfactory.
Agreatphilosopher remarks, with much modesty, of such
'* metaphysicks," as Whiston styles them,
"These are the speculations of men of superior genius; but
whether they be as solid as they are sublime, or whether they be
the wanderings of imagination in a region beyond the limits of
human understanding, I am unable to determine.'" — Dr. Keid.
The topic was not a new one, nor the arguments ad-
duced altogether original, even in the English school of
philosophy. Ralph Cud worth, Henry More, and John
Howe, (especially see The Living Temple.) had all pre-
viously been "sailing on this sea of speculation."
Trans, of Sir Isaac Newton's Optics into Latin, 1706.
Caesar's Commentaries, 1712, fol.
" It is no wonder that an edition should he very correct which
has passed through the hands of one of the most accurate, learned,
and judicious writers this age h;is produced." — Addison: Specta-
tor, No. 367.
The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity. Lon., 1712, 8vo.
This work led to a protracted controversy, in which Dr.
Waterland, Mr. Nelson. Edwards. Wells, Gastrell, Whitby,
Jackson, and others took part. For a list of the publica-
tions of Dr. Clarke and his opponents on this subject, see
Watt's Bibl. Bib. and the Biog. Brit.; also Walchii Bibl.
Tii-ool. 964-6 ; and T. H. Home's Cat., 2 Col. Library, Camb.,
vol. i.
'■The sentiments of Clarke upon this point were undoubtedly
Arian ; but it was an A rianism which approached as closely as pos-
sible to the doctrine of the Trinity. He regarded the Son and Holy
Spirit as emanations fr^^m the Father, endowed by him with every
attribute of Deity, self-existence alone excepted." — Cunningham's
Biog. Hist, of England.
"Jones and Waterland will furnish a sufficient reply to Clarke."
— BiCKERSTETH ; Christian Student.
*' The writings of Dr. Clarke on the Trinity contain a great deal
of discussion respecting the meaning of Scripture, and occasioned
a vei"y extended controversy in England. He seems to have been
led to the sentiments adopted and defended, by his metaphysical
tone of mind, and by pursuing improperly the language of human
creeds respecting the generation of the Son of Ood. The contro-
versy tended greatly to spread Arianismoverthecountry." — Orme:
Bibl. Bib.
Clarke was now called upon to defend the Newtonian
philosophy against Leibnitz, who had represented it to the
Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Consort of George II.,
as false in philosophy, and dangerous in theology. At the
request of the princess, Sir Isaac Newton took up the ma-
thematical line of defence, leaving the philosophical branch
to Dr. Clarke. The latter pub. the Collection of Papers
which passed between him and Leibnitz, relating to the
Principles of Natural Philosophy and Religion, in 1717.
Discour.se on some 0. T. Prophecies, 1725, 8vo. His dis-
cussion with Leibnitz respecting Philosophical Liberty and
Necessity was succeeded on the death of Leibnitz by a
similar controversy with Anthony^ Collins. Clarke pub. in
1717 his Remarks on Collins's Enquiry concerning Human
Liberty. This work and his discussion with Leibnitz were
pub. in French by Des Maizeaux in 1720. Seventeen Ser-
mons, 1724. Trans, of the iirst Twelve Books of Homer's
Iliad, 1729, 4to. Twelve last Books, (partly tran.s. by Dr.
Samuel Clarke,) pub. by his son, Samuel Clarke, 17^2, 4to.
The Latin version is almost entirely new, and annotations
are added at the bottom of the pages.
" The translation, with his corrections, m.ny now be styled accu-
rate; and his notes, as far as they go. are indeed a treasury of
grammatical and critical knowledge." — Bishop Hoadlt.
E.\position of the Church Catechism, Lon., 1729, 8vo;
17.10, 8vo, and inhis Works, vol. iii. This Exposition occa-
sioned a controversy, in which Drs. Waterland and Sykes
and Thos. Emlyn were concerned. Sermons from the au-
thor's MSS., by Jno. Clarke. D.D., Dean of Sarum, 1730,
'31, 10 vols. 8vo. Eighteen Sermons, 1734, 8vo. Works,
with his Life, by Bishop Hoadly, 1738, 4 vols. fol. Homeri
Odyssea; Gritce et Latine, 4th ed., Glasg., 1799, 2 vols.
Letter to Dr. Hoadly. Mathematical Con. to Phi!. Trans.,
1728.
**Dr. Clarke was as bright a light and masterly a teacher of truth
and virtue as ever yet appeared among us. . . . His sentiments and
expressions were so masterly, his w.iy of explaining the phraseology
of Scripture by collecting and comparing together the parallel
places, so extraordinary aud convincing, as to make his method of
preaching so universally accejitable. that there was not a parish-
ioner who was not always pleased at his coming into their Pulpit,
or who was ever weary of his instruction. lUs works must last as
long as any language remaius to convey them to future times." —
Bishop Hoadly.
" He rarely reaches the sublime, or aims at the pathetic ; hut in
a clear, manly, flowing style, he delivers the most important doc-
trines, contirmed on every occasion by well-applied passages from
Scripture. He was not perfectly orthodox in his opinions; a cir-
cumstance which has lowered his character among many." — Da.
K.xox.
" Kminently and justly celebrated." — Br. Parr.
"If a preacher's disposition incline him to the illustration of the
sacred text, which, in strict truth, is performing what by his office
he has engaged him.self to undertake, that is to say. to preach the
word of God, the best models I can think of are the Sermons of Dr.
Samuel Clarke of St. .lames's, who is always plain, clear, accurate,
and full." — Bishop Warbcrton.
'■ I should recommend Dr. Clarke's Sermons, were he orthodox ;
however, it is very well known where he was not orthodox, which
was upon the doctrine of the Trinity, as t<i which he isacondemned
heretic; so one is aware of it." — Dr". Johnson.
We quote from a very eminent authority the following
admirable sketch of Dr. Clarke considered as a philosopher:
" The chief glory of Clarke, as a metaphysical author, is due to
the I'oldness and ability with which he placed himself in the breach
again t the Necessitarians and Fatalists of his times. With a mind
far inferior to that of Locke, in comprehensiveness, in originality,
and in fertility of invention, he was nevertheless the more wary
and skilful disputant of the two; possessing, in a singular degree,
that re-ach of thought in grasping remote consequences, which
etTectually saved hini from tho.se rash concessions into which Locke
was fretiuently betrayed by tbe greater warmth of his temperament
and vivacity of his fancy. This logical foresight (the n.iluial ri'snlt
of his habits of mathematical study) rendered him peculiarly fit to
contend with adversaries eager and qualified to take advant.age ot
every vulnerable point in his doctrine; but it gave, at the samo
time, to his style a tanienessand monotony, and want of coJnuring,
whiL-h never appear in the easy and spii ited, though often unfinished
CLA
CLA
and unequal, sketches of Locke. Voltaire has somewhere said of him, ;
that he was a mere reasouing machine, (un mmdin d rais<mnpment,) 1
and the expression (though doubtless much too unqualified) pos- :
sesses merit, in point of just discrimination, of which Voltaire was
probably not fully aware."— Duqald Stewart: \st Prelim. Dissert.
hi E}icyc. BHt.
Sec Lives of Clarke by Whiston and Hoadly; Whitaker's
Origin of Ariauism ; Warburton's Letters; Biog. Britj
Nichols's Bowyer; Tytler's Memoirs of Lord Karnes.
Clarke, Samuel, D.D., grand.son of the preceding,
pastor to a congregation of Dis.-^enfers at St. Alban's.
Christian's Inheritance, being a Collection of the Promises
of Scripture under their Proper Heads, &.Q., Lon., 1790,
13mo; new edit., with an Essay, by Kalph Wardlaw, D.D.,
12mo, Lon., 1850.
" In this edition every passa'^e of Scripture has been compared
and verilied. The Tolume is like an arran!j;ed museum of s'-'ins,
and precious stones, and pearls of inestimable value. The divine
promises comprehend a rich and endless variety." — DR. AVardlaw.
"The proaiises [Clarka's Collection] are for the most part well
arranired. and this book has been found food for many. Uut it has
one serious fault: they are Scripture promises, but not in the
Scripture mode and connection. They are often dissevered from
the Christian tempers and duties with which they are associat*-d in
the Scripture, and in which alone an interest in them is maintained
and enjoyed." — Bickersteth: Chridian .S/udent.
Clarke, or Clark, Samuel. The Life and Death of
Nebuchaduezzer the Great, IfJtU; and in the Somer.s Col-
lection, vid. vii. Protestant Schoolmaster, IfiSO, 12mo.
Clarke, Sir Samuel. Fleta Book; the first; contain-
ing the Ancient Pleas of the Crown, with corrections and
illustrations; Latin, Lon., 1735, fob See Selden, Jous.
Clarke, Sara Jaue. See Lipimxcott.
Clarke, Stephen. Serms., 1727, '30, Svo.
Clarke, Stephen, Coal Merchant. The Poison Tree;
a Dram., 1809, Svo. Torrid Zone; a Dram., 1809, 8vo.
The Kiss; a Com., 1811. Svo.
Clarke, Thomas, Priest of the College of Rheims.
Recantation of Popery, 1593, Svo. Life of P. Kcmpe, Svo.
Clarke, Thomas. Meditations in my Confinement,
Lon., 16(11, 4to.
Clarke, Thomas B. Political treatises, 1784-1812.
Clarke, William, Serms., Lon., 1656, 4to.
Clarke, William. Nitre, Lon., 1670, Svo; in Latin,
Francf., 1675, Svo.
" lie describes it as an emetic, purgative, refrigerant, and febri-
fuge-'" — Dr. Watt,
Clarke, William. Party Revenge, 1720, Svo.
Clarke, William, 1696-1771. Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted, 1724. Oration,
1763, Svo. Connexion of the Roman, Saxon, and English
Coins, Lon., 1767, 4to.
'■There is in this work (pp. 54-fi5) a very cood account of the
ancient trade of the Blatk Sea.' — McCulloch's Lit.o/ _F.ilit. Economy.
Clarke, William, M.D. Prof, treatises. 1751, '53, '57.
Clarke, William, M.D. 1. Observations on the Con- i
duct of the French. 2. Letters on the French Revolution,
1755, "95.
Clarke, William. Repertorium Bibliographicum, or
gome Account of the most celebrated British Libraries,
Public and Private, 1819, Svo. Let the reader secure this
book on the first opportunity.
'■ A most valuable and interesting book, and more especially so
to the lovers of Bibliomania: containing much valuable matter
relating to celebrated libraries, with an account of their collectors."
Clarke, William, Architect. Extracts from the MS.
Journals and the Drawings of this gentleman will be found
in that useful compilation from Mazois, Sir Wm. Gell, &c.,
entitled Pompeii; its Past and Present State.
*' Those whf> have vi.sited Pompeii iuvariably admit the great
accuracy of these little volumes."
Clarke, William. See Lewis. Merriwether.
Clarke, William A. Abridgt. of Life of Rev. T.
Hogg, Lon., 1799, 12mo.
Ciarkson, Charles. Serms., Lon., 1773.
Clarkson, Christopher. Serms., 1733, '37, 4to.
Clarkson,David,1622-10S6,alearned Nonconformist
divine. Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, succeeded Dr.
Owen, 1683. Primitive Episcopacy, Lon., 16S0, Svo. No
Evidence of Diocesan Episcopacy in Primitive Times,
16S1, 4to, in answer to Stillingfleet. Discourse of Litur-
gies, 1689, Svo. Serms. and Discourses, 1696, fol. He
wrote several treatises against Romanism.
"Tillotson, notwithstanding Clarkson's nonconformity, always
preserved a very hi;.'h respect for him."
" A Divine of extraordinary worth, for solid judgment, healing,
moderate principles, acquaintance with the Fathers, great minis-
terial ability, and a godly, upright life." — Baxter.
"The matter of his Sermons was always judiciously derived
fi-om his text, and remarkable for depth and clearness." — Dr. W.
BVTES.
John Howe and Matt. Mead also recommend his sermons.
" Evangelical and comprehensive." — Bickzestetu.
Some of them have been printed by the London Reli-
gious Tract Society. His attack upon Diocesan Episco-
pacy was answered by Henry Maurice, in A Defence of
Diocesan Episcopacy, Lon., 1691, Svo, and 1700, Svo.
Clarkson, D. A. Designs for Tombs, Monuments,
&c., Lon., imp. 4to.
Clarkson, Lawrence. Truth released from Prison
to its former Liberty.
Clarkson, Thomas, 1760-1S46, the di.^tinguished
advocate of the abolition of slavery, was educjitcrl ut St.
John's College, Cambridge, and took Deacon's order.s. He
pub. several Essays against the Slave Trade, 1783, '87, "89,
'91, 1S07; a History, &c. of the Abolition of the Slave
Trade in ISOS, 2 vols. Svo, and 1839, and a Vindication
of this work. A Portraiture of Quakerism, 1S06 and 1809,
3 vols. Svo ; 3d ed.. 1813. 3 vols. Svo. Of the 1st ed. 2500
copies were sold without advertisement. It was reviewed
by Lord Jeffrey, Edin. Rev., April, 1807. Memoirs of the
Private and Public Life of Wm. Penn, 1813, 2 vols. Svo.
" Mr. Clarkson seems to have spared no pains or labour in in-
forming himself of every circumstance relative to Penn, whether
contained in well-known or obscure works." — I^n. FcJeclic lin-iao.
Lord Jeffrey also reviews this work in the Edin. Review
for July, 1813,
'' It should be sufficient for the glory of William Penn, that he
stands upon record as the most humane, the most moderate, and
the most pacific of all rulers." — Lord Jeffrey.
See T. Taylor's Biog. Sketch of Thomas Clarkson, Lon.,
12mo; 2d ed.. by Dr. Stebbing, 1S47.
"Mr. Taylor has performed his undertaking with the zeal of an
affectionate admirer, and with taste, jud^rment, and accuracy." —
London Christian Advocate. See DisoN, William IIepworth.
Clarkson, William. Cause of the Increase of Pau-
perism and Poor's Rates, with a remedy for the same,
Lon.. 1815, Svo.
Clarkson, William. Missionary Encourngements
in India. Lon., ISmo. "A volume of thrilling interest."
India and the Gospel, or an ETn]>ire for the Messiah ; with
introduc. by Rev. T. Archer, D.D.
" The book should be circulated by tens of thousands." — Lon.
Evangdind Mugnzine.
Claromont. See Clar.\mont.
Clason, Isaac Starr, 1796-1830, a native of New-
York, wrote ''the 17th and 18th cantos of Don Juan," — a
continuation of Lord Byron's poem.
Clatcr, Francis. Every Man his own Farrier. Newk.,
1783, Svo ; 28th ed. Lon.. 1843, 12mo. Ry John Clater and
W. C. Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (Amer. ed.)
Every Man his own Cattle Doctor. Lon., 1810. 8vo; 9th
ed., Lon., 1842, 12mo ; revised by Wm. Youatt and W. C.
Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (American ed.)
"Clater and Youatt are names treasured by the farming com-
munities of Europe as household gods ; nor does that of Skinner
deserve to be less esteemed in America."' — Anui-ican Fanner.
Mr. Edward JMayhew has recently edited a 29th ed. of tho
"Farrier," and a 10th ed. of the "Cattle Doctor."
Clavel, Rog:er. Tables of Discount, 16S3, fol.
Clavell, John, a highwayman taup. Charles I. Dis-
covery of the Highway Law ; with instructions how to
shun or apprehend a thief; in verse, Lon., 1628, Svo. Re-
cantation of an ill-led Life, 1634, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,
109, £3 8*. This gentleman-robber was a nephew of Sir
N. Clavell.
"Clavell hepe [in his Recantation] recites his own adventures on
thehi'-'hwav. His first depredations are onGad's-hiU." — Wurton's
Hid. Eng. rortri/.
Clavell, Robert. Dominion of the British Seas, Lon.,
1665. Svo. General Catalogue of Books printed in England,
1666-16S0; Lon.. 16S0, '81, '82.
Clavering, Henry. A Select Law Library, 1817, Svo,
Clavering, Robert, d. 1747; Bishop of Llandaff,
1724; trans, to Peterborough, 1728. Moses Maimonides,
Ox., 1705, 4to; Perms., 1708, '29, '30, '33. ^
Clavering, Robert. Carpentry, Ac, 1776, 79, Svcfc
Clavers, Mary. See Kirklasd, C.\ROLiNn M.
Claxton, John. Saxon Arch : ArchEeoL, 1792.
Claxtou, L. The Right Devil Discovered, Lon., 1659,
12 mo.
Claxton, Timothy. Hints to Mechanics on Self-
Education and ISIutual Instruction, Lon., 12mo.
*■' The amusing bonk before us has all the ease and pimplirity of
De Foe. and the exemplary utility of Fi-anklin. To the mechanic
it offers at onre an example and a pleasant comparion in the pm^
suit of knowledge, and to the treneral reader it aflfords a deep in-
sight into those labouriuB; classes which are the sinews of the
nation." — Lon. Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, fib. 1839.
Clay, C. C. Laws of Alabama, Tusea., 1843, Svo.
Clay, Cassius M., b. ISIO, in Madison county, Ken-
tucky, editor of The True American Newspaper, devoted
to the overthrow of slavery in Kentucky, is well known as
one of the most zealous opponents of negro bondage. His
393
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writings and speeches have been pub. in New York, 1848,
8vo, editeii by Huraee Greeley.
Clay, Edward, Jun. llist. and Topograph. Descrip-
tion of Framlingham, 18mo; pp. lU, with 2 plates of the
castle.
Clay, Francis. News from England, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Clay, Henry, one of the most distinguished of Ameri-
can statesmen, and eloquent of modern orators, was b. April
12, 1777, in Hanorer county, Virginia; d. at Washington,
D. C, June 29th, 1852. Clay Code, or Te.xt Book of Elo-
quence, edited by Vandenhoff. Life and Speeches, edited
by D. Mallury, 1844, 2 vols. Svo. Life and Speeches, col-
lected by James B. Swain, New York, 184:i, 2 vols. 8yo.
Speeches, collected by Richard Chambers, Cincinnati, 1842,
Svo. Biography, by George D. Prentice. Hartford, 18,31,
12mo. Biography, by Epes Sargent, New York, 8yo. Life
and Speeches, by Henry J. Raymond, Phila., 1863, Svo.
Life and Times, by Rei?. Calvin Colton, N. Y., 1846, 2 vols.
r. Svo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay, by
Calvin Colton, N.Y.. 1856. 8vo, Private Correspond"ence,
ed. by C. Colton, N.Y., 1855, Svo. Speeches, ed. by C.
Colton, N.Y., 1857, 2 vols. Svo.
" Mr. Colton visited Henry Clny at his residence, Ashland, Ken-
tucky, in 1S44, and oljtaiiR'd free access to all ids papers. After
tlie di-atb of tliat distinguished statesman, those pa])ers came into
Wr. ( '' -Itun's possession, from winch the above works were compiled."
Clay, J. Elegy, 1793, 4to.
Clay, John. Public Statutes, Lon., 1739, 2 vols, foh
Clay, John. 25 Semis., Lon,, 1827, 12mo.
Clay, John Curtis, Rector of Swedes' Church, Phila-
delphia. Aunals of the Swedes on the Delaware, &c.,
Phila., 1835, 12mo.
Clay, Joseph, 1764-1811, a native of Savannah,
Judge of the District Court of Georgia, and subsequently
a Baptist minister at Savannah, afterwards at Boston.
Serm., 1807.
Clay, R. Ijomax. Pool for Essex, 1768, Svo.
Clay, Samuel. Med. Treatise, Ultr.aj., 1690, 4to.
Clay, Thomas. 1. Revenue. 2. Interest, 1619, '24.
Clay, W. Keatinge. Hist. Sketches of the Book C.
Prayer, Lon., 1849, fcp. Svo. Prayer Book Version of the
Psalms, 1S39, 12mo. Book of C. Prayer, illustrated, 1S41,
12mo. Liturgical Services temp. Elizabeth, Camb., 1847,
Svo. (Parker Society.) Private Prayers temp. Elizabeth,
Camb., 1851, Svo. (Parker Society.) " See a Review in the
Lon. AVesleyan Method. Mag,, Feb. 1854.
Clayton, A. S. Laws of Georgia, 1800, '10, Augusta,
IS12, 4to. ' » 6 >
Clayton, George. Serms., 1821, Ac.
Clayton, Gyles. Martial Discipline, 1591, 4to,
Claj-ton, John. Topics in the Laws of England, Lon.,
1646, 12mo. Reports and Pleas of Assizes at Yorke, 1651,
12mo. If this book will do all that Mr. Clayton promises
for it, we should suppose that our friends the lawyers
would insist on its immediate republication :
" You may see here how to avoid a d.in)ierous jury to your client,
what evidence best to use for him. how to Iteep the judRe so he
overrule you not, so that if it be not your own fault— .as too often
it is for fear of favour — the client may have his cause so handled
as if he be plaintilT, he may have his lijrht. and if defendant!
moderately punished, or recompensed for his vexation; and such
Pleaders the people need." — PnfaCf,
Clayton, John. Serms., 1736, Svo.
Clayton, John, d. 1773, aged 87, on eminent bota-
nist anil physician, a native of Fulhnin, emigrated to Vir-
ginia when 20 years of age. Flora Virginica. Lugd. Bat.,
1762, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans, respecting Virginia; In-
dians, Natural History, ic, 1693, 1739. See Barton's Med.
and Phys. Journal.
Clayton, John, d, 1843. Serms., Ac, 1789-1805,
Clayton, John. 1. Serm. 2. On the Choice of Books,
Clayton, John. Serms., Ac, 1829-48.
Clayton, N. Serms., 1776, Svo.
Clayton, Prudence. Her case. fol.
Clayton, Sir Richard. Hist, and other trans, from
the French, 1793, '97.
Clayton, Robert, 1695-1758, a native of Dublin, was
educated at, and became Fellow of. Trinity College, Dub-
lin; Bishop of Killala, 1729: trans, to Cork, f7,'J5 ; to
Clogher, 1745. Chronology of the Hebrew Bible Vindi-
cated, Lon., 1747, 4to.
* J' I,'"k ■'''/"'"'' ""' """kers of the Hebrew text, and maintains
the Ush.Tlan system of Chronology with a great variety of leainin".
It contains many observations which deserve the attention of the
learned reader."— Orme : ISM. Bib.
Dissertation on Prophecy, 1749, Svo. Letter relative to
the Restoration of the Jews, ic, 1751, Svo; a second Let-
^ ter, 1751, Svo.
CLE.
""Whether the bishop's views on these topics shall be received
or rejected, his learning and intrenuity must lie admired."— Urme.
Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testa-
ifients, in Answer to Lord Bolingbroke's Objections, Dubl
p.art i., 1752, Svo; ii., 1754, Svo; iii., 1757, Svo. The
sophistry and ignorance of Bolingbroke are here strongly
displayed. An Essay on Spirit, 1751, Svo. This Arian
treatise was not written by the bishop, but was adopted
and pub. by him. It elicited replies from 20 to 30 writers,
and the Irish Convocation h.id determined to proceed
against tho bishop, when he was seized with a nervous
fever, which terminated his life, February 26, 1758. But
for the publication of this Essay, he would have been
raised to tho Archbishopric of tuam. He pub. several
sermons and treatises, and trans, from a MS. A Journal
from Grand Cairo to Mount Sinai, and back again, Ac,
1753, 4to.
" Published with a view of exciting anti(|uaries to make some
inquiry into those ancient characters which are discovered in
great numt'ers in the wilderness of Sinai."
Clayton, Sir Robert. Truth Vindicated, 1681, 4to.
Clayton, Thomas. Sermons, 171.3, '27.
Clayton, Wm. Rural Discourses, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
'■ i'lain and practical, and admirably suited for country cou-
grejrations."
Cleadon, Thomas. The Sabbath, Lon., 1674, 4to.
Clearidge, John. Shepherd's Legacy, 1670, Svo.
Cleavelaud, Ezra. Genealogical History of the
noble and illustrious Family of Courtcnav, Oxon., 1735 fol
Cleavelaud, Cleavland, Cleveland, or Clieve-
land, John, 1613-1659, a nutivo of Loughborough, Lei-
eestershire. was educated at Christ's College, and St. John's
College, Cambridge. He had the honour of being the first
poetical champion of the royal cause, and sufl'ered impri-
sonmcnt when the opposition prevailed. He was for some
time a tutor at St. John's College, and subsequently lived
in chambers at Gray's Inn, where he died in 1659.
The King's Disguise. 1646, 4to. A London Diurnnl-
maker. Ac, 1647, '54, 4to. The Rustic Rampant, 1653,
Svo. Poems, Orations, and Epistles. 1660, 12mo. Peti-
tion to the Lord Protector for the Scots Rebel; a satirical
Poem. Works, 1687, Svo. Seenoticeof edits, in Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual, Bibl. Anglo-Poet., and Eetrosp. Review, xii.
123. Clieveland's poetry was greatly admired by his con-
temporaries : the nephew of Milton remarks, perhaps with
some little asperity,
"In fine, so great a man Clleveland has been in the estima-
tion of the generality, in regard his conceits were out of the com-
mon road, and wittily far-fetched, that grave men, in outward ap-
pearance, have not spared, in my hearing, to affirm him tue Bt.sT
OF tsGLlsn Poets; and let them think so still, whoever pleases
provided it be made no article of faith."— Edward Phillips. '
It is easy to see who did jio( think so: whether Phillipa
had any family pride to prejudice him, we shall not decide.
" V, bile the first edition and sheets of Paradise Lost were slowly
struggling through the mists of bigotry and party prejudice into
public reputation, the poems of Clleveland were pouied forth in
innumerable impressions. The reverse is now the singular con-
trast; and Cliereland has had the iiite of those poets, desciibed in
Johnson's hife of Cowley, who, 'paving their court tt, temporary
piej udices, have been at one time too much praised, and at another
too rnuch neglected."'-ffe<TO,!p. Jteview, xii. 123; read this article.
"A general artist, pure Latinist, exquisite orator, and iwhi.h
W.1S his master-piece) eminent poet. His epithets were pregnant
with metaphors, carrying in them a difficult plainness; difficult
at hearing, plain at the consideration thereof. His Infty fancy may
seem to stride from the top of one mountain to the top of ani.lher,
so making to itself a constant level and champaign of continued
elevations."— Fuller ; m,rll,ies of Lfici'ster>/i:re
Cleavelaud, or Cleveland, John, 1772-1815, a
minister of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Serins., Ac, 1763-84
Cleavelaud, Parker, b. 17S0, at Byfield, Essex co.'
Mass.; Prof, in B..wdoin College Mineralogy and Geo-
logy, Boston, 1816, Svo; 1S22, 2 vols. Svo.
" The Elementary Treati.se of Mr. Cleavelaud is a work of con-
siderable merit." — Edin.Rcvmw, xxx. 374.
Cleaver, John. Sermon. 1676. 4to.
Cleaver, Robert, d. 161.3, a Puritan divine. Serms.,
1613, '14. Tho Sabbath. 1630. In conjunction with John
Dod, Exposition of the Ten Commandments, 1606, 4to.
In conjunction with John Dod and William Fliiidc, Ex-
position of tho Book (if Proverbs, 1606, 4to.
Cleaver, William. Sermons, 1739-62, Svo.
Cleaver, William, D.D., 1742-1815, educated at tho
University of Oxford; Prebendary of Westminster, 1784;
Principal of Brasenose, 1785; Bishop of Chester, 1787;
tr.ans, to Bangor. 1800; to St. Asaph, 1806. De Khythmo
Groscorum Liber, Lon., 1789, Svo.
"An excellent little work."
Serms., 1773, '91, '94. Collec of his own and his father's
aerms., 1808, Svo. Serms. on select Subjects, Svo. A List
of Books recommended to tho Clergy and younger Stu-
CLE
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dents in Divinity, Oxf., 1791, Svo ; 3(1 ed. enlarged, with
Dodwell's t'atalugue of tlie Christian Writers and genuine
Works of the tirst three Centuries, 1S08, Svo.
A very useful catalogue for all students.
Cleaver, Wm. Serms., Dubl., 1813; Lon., 1817, Svo.
Cleaver, William. See Clever.
Cleeve,AIex. Serm.,1773. Devotional Exercises, 1801.
Cleeve, J. K. Sermon, 1812, Svo.
C'legat, Nic. Persuasive to an ingenious Tryal of
Opinions in Keligion, Lon., 1685, 4to.
Clegate. Travails from Terra Incognita through the
Wilderness of Sinne, Lon., 1650, 12mo.
Clegg, James. Sermons. 1731. '36, '38.
Clegg, James. Dyeing Black, Phil. Trans., 1774.
Clegg, .lollll. Elements of Geography. Liverp.,1795,4to.
Clegliorii, Uavid. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1792.
Cleghorn, George, M.D., 1716-17S7, a native of
Edinburgh, resided 13 years at Minorca with the 22d re-
giment, of which he was surgeon. Diseases of Minorca,
Lon., 1751, Svo.
"A just model for future writers." — Dr. Potheroill.
lude.'i of an Annual Course of Lectures, Dubl., 1767,
Svo. Con. to Mcil. Ol.s. and Inq., 1766.
Cleghorn, George. Ancient and Modern Art, His-
torical and Critical, Edin. k Lon., 2 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed.,1848.
""We have the pleasure of recommending it to a pKice in every
public library, and on the table of every man who values art, re-
finement, elegance, and tast«." — Lon. Morning Post.
Cleghorn, James. Med. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad.,
1787.
Cleghorn, James. The depressed State of Agricul-
ture, Edin.. 1822, Svo. A System of Agriculture, with 13
plates, Edin., 4to. From 7th ed. Encycl. Brit.
"The best account of the AijricuUure of the .Scotch Counties is
to be found in IJIack's Edition of the Encyclopa2dia Britannica." —
Loudon's Agriritlturfy p. 1178.
"The initiation shows much discernment; and the subsequent
arranjjement of the materials is judiciously m.ade, and each article
has t^iveu to it a proper description both in the nature and extent."
— Donahhon's AgricuU. Bug.
'■The animals are sketched with an ease, spirit, and precision,
approiiuiatini- to the lidelity of nature."— /)i<r/iam Chnmide.
Cleghorn, Thos. The Hydra Ai/ronaut, ISIO, 12mo.
Cleig, George. Fast Sermon, 1795, Svo.
Cleiveland, John. See Cleaveland.
Clcland, Archibald, Surgeon. Appeal to the Pub-
lic, Lon.. 1743, Svo. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans., 1741.
Cleland, Ucnjamin. Sermon, 1B67, Svo.
Clelaud, Charles. Laws rel. to Imp. and Exp. of
Wine, Lon.. 1737, 4to.
Cleland, Elizabeth. Cookery, Edin., 1759, Svo.
Cleland, Henry. Life of William Pitt, 1807, 12mo.
Cleland, James. The Institution of a Young No-
bleman. Oxf., 1607, 4to. Serm., 1024, '26, 4to.
Cleland, James. Annals of Glasgow, 1810, 2 vols.
Svo. The Green of Glasgow, 1813, Svo.
Cleland, John, d. 17S9, in his 8Dth year, the son of
Colonel Cleland, i. e. Will noNEYco.iiB. of the Specta-
tor's Club. Besides several works which did him no credit,
he pub. The Way to Things by Words, and to Words by
Things, 1766, Svo. Specimens of an Etymological Voca-
bulary, or Essay by Means of the Analytical Method, to
retrieve the ancient Celtic, 176S; Proposals relative to
the above : Drnmatic pieces, Ac.
Cleland, Thomas. Sermon, 1660. 4to.
Cleland, Lt. Col. Wm., a Scotch poet in Lord
Angus's regiment. Disp. Jurid. de Probationibus.Traj. ad
Rh., 1684, 4to. A Collection of several Poems and Verses
composed upon various Occasions. 1697, Svo.
Clemence. The French Language, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Clemence, M. The true Lover of his Country; or,
a Treatise on Sovereignty, 1801, 12mo.
Clemens, Hon. Jeremiah, at one time U.S.
Senator from Alabama. Bernard Lile ; an Historical Ro-
mance, Phila., 1S50, 12mo. Mustang Grey: a Romance.
1S58. 12mo.
Clement of Lathony, flourished about 1180, Sub-
prior and Prior of Lathony. Series Collecta, or a Harmony
of tbcGospels, and a patristic Commentary thereon, entitled
Collectarium. Of this work an English version was made,
it is supposed, by a follower of Wycliff'e, and several MSS.'
of it m.ay be seen in the British Museum. The conclusion
of the original has been attributed to William of Notting-
ham. Clement also wrote a Commentary on the Acts, and
on the Canonical Epistles, a gloss on the Psalter, ic' See
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Clement. A Dyalogue, Ac, 1530?
Clement. Petie Schole oo Orthography, ic, Lon.,
1587, 16mo.
Clement. DL-^course of Money, Trade, and Exchacge,
1596. 410.
Clement, A. Mystery Unmasked, 1769, Svo; ad-
dressed to "people of any Religion, and tho.-^e of none."
Clement, Benjamin. Scrms.. 1774. 2 V(ds. Svo.
Clement, Margaret, 1508-1570, a niece of Sir Tho-
mas More, corresponded with Erasmus, who applauds her
epistles for good sense and good Latin — not a necessary
conjunction. When she married her tutor. Dr. .John Cle-
ment, the great Leland indulged in an Epithalamium : Jo.
Clementis Medici & Margarets. Vith Encom. Troph.
Epithalamiis. Ac, p. 38 ; or Ballard's British Ladies.
Clement, Thomas. Nat. Philosophy, Lon.,1790,Svo.
Clement, William, d. 1799, aged 88. Curate of
St. Mary-at-hill, London, and Librarian of Sion College.
Eight Serms. at Lady Moyer's Lecture.1757, Lon. ,1797, Svo.
"The subject of these discourses is the Trinity, .and the author
has couducted tlie arp:ument with much judi^uient.'' — Lowndes.
Clenche, John. Tour in France and Italy, 1776. 4to.
Clendon, John. Treatise on the Trinity, 1710, Svo.
Clendon, Thos. Justitication, Serm., Lon., 1653, 4to.
Clennil, John. Manufactures, Newc, 1807, Svo.
Cleobury, Miss. Practical Geography, 1816, 4to.
Cleombrotns. England's Warning Piece, 1661, 4to.
Clephane, M.D. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq., 1755.
Clephane, A. Decisions C. of Sessions, 1812,'13, 1815.
Clerk. Modern Precedents, 1655, 12mo.
Clerk, Charles. On Swedish Spiders; included (with
E. Albin's work on English Spiders) In Thomas Martyn'3
Aranei, Lon., 1793, r. 4to.
Clerk, David, M.D. Con. to Ess. Phys. & Lit., 1771.
Clerk, Sir George Maxwell, 1715-17S4. Two Let-
ters respecting Wool, Ac, 1766. Con. to Ess. Phys. & Lit.,
1756, '71. Shallow ploughing, Ac.
Clerk, John. Serm., Camb., 1656, Svo.
Clerk, John, d. 1813. Ess.ay on Naval Tactics, Lon.,
1790-98, 4to; new ed., Edin., 1S04, 4to.
"To the system of manft-uvres laid down and explained in this
work, the British nation are indebted for those splendid and deci-
sive victories which their fleets have gained since the latter end
of the American war. Lord Rodney first adopted and followed
the mode of attack recommended by'Mr. Clerk; and the success
which attended this new mode has since recommended it to our
most celebrated admirals." — Edin. Ri:vii:w.
ButGener.al Sir Howard Douglass professes to prove that
Lord Rodney amid not possibly have been informed of
Mr. Clerk's theory at the time of the battle, (against the
French under De Grasse in the West Indies;) and it has
been .asserted that Clerk's E.ssay is principally taken from
P. Paul Hoste's L'Art des Armes Navales. William Clerk
is thus honourably mentioned by Sir Ay.aUer Scott:
"Milliam Clerk is the second son of the celebrated author of
N.av.al Tactics. I b-ave known him intimately since our college
d.ays; and to my thinking, never met a man of greater pow-ers or
more complete information on all desirable subjects." — ScotVs Jour-
nal, Nov. 20, 18'Jo.
Clerk, John. Views in Scotland, Ac, Edin..l825,4to.
Clerk, Sir John. Con. to Phil. Trans. The Stylus
and Paper of the Ancients, 1731. Eflects of Thunder on
Trees ; of a large Deer's Horns found in the heart of an
Oak, 1739.
Clerk, Sir John, and Mr. Baron Scroopc. Hist.
View of the Courtof Exchciuer in Sc.itliind,Edin.,lS20.4to.
Clerk, T. or W. Works of Hogarth, Lon., ISIO, 2
vols. r. Svo.
Clcrk,William, Surgeon. Profess.con. to Phil. Trans.,
1699.
Clerke, Bartholomew. Fidelis Servi Subito Infi-
deli Responsio, Lon., 1573, 4to. De Curiali sivo Aulico
libri quatuor, 1577. Svo; from Castiglione.
Clerke, Charles C, Archdeacon of Oxford. Form
of Prayer and Ceremonies, Lon., Svo. A Charge at the
Visitation June and July, 1S44, Oxf., 1844, Svo.
Clerke, Francis. Praxis; being the manner of pro-
ceeding in the Ecclesiastical Courts. 2d ed. i)y T. Blanden,
1606, 4to. Praxis Suprema; Curia; Admirnlilatis Una cum
Indice et notis, 1667, Svo; new ed., 1829, 12mo.
" A work of undoubted credit." — Lord Uardwicke.
See Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Clerke, George. The Landed Man's Assistant, Lon.,
1715, Svo.
Clerke, Gilbert. Theolog. Latin Treatises, 1660, '62.
'87, '95.
Clerke, John, Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 1540,
presented the treatise of Henry VIII. against Luther to
Pope Leo X. Oratio ad Leonem X. in exhibitione Libelli
Regii Henrici VIII. contra Lutherem ; cum Papte respon-
sione ot aliis hinc quibusdam spectantibus, Lon., by Pynson,
1521, 4to.
CLE
CLI
Clerlte, John* Opusculum de Mnrtuorum Resurrec-
tioue et Extrcmo Juclicio.m qualuor Lingiiis conscriptum,
Lon,, 1545, 4to. In double columns; Latin and Italian in
the Roman character, the English and French in black
letter.
"Curious on account of some of the speculations it contains;
but above all as it affords a comparative vi(.-w of the orthosrM'liy
and idiom of the English, French, and Italian languages at that
period."
A Declaratlnn respecting the Articles, 1546, 8vo.
Clerke, Richard, d. Ifj34, one of the translators of
the English Bible. Serms. pub. by C. White, Lon., 1637, fol.
*' Worthy to be remembered of us. though dead; for he loved ns
and our church. "Wituesse this pledge of his love to both, — his
Workes." — Preface.
Clerke, Samuel. Serms., 1693, 1700, 4to.
Clerke, Thos. W, Rudiments of Amer. Law and
Practice, on the plan of Blackstoue, N. York, 1842, Svo.
"Mr, CIi?rke's Itudiments of . American Law and Practice appears
to me to be drawn up with great care, and to condense in a brief
form a great deal of learning, highly useful to students at law,
and well adapted to the highest classes in our colleges; and espe-
cially for students in the State of New York." — Joseph Story.
Digest of the Reports of Cases determined in the Su-
preme and other Courts of the State of N. Y. ; revised and
continued to present time by Wm. Hogan, N. York, 1850,
4 vols. 8vo.
Clerke, Tim, Papers relative to Phvsick, 1670, 4to.
Clerke, William. The Trial of Bastardie, 1594. 4to.
Clerke, William. Marciano, or the Discovery; a
Tragi-comedy, Edin., 1663, 4fo.
" This piece is s;iid to have been acted with great applause before
his Majesty's high Commissioner, and others of the nobility, at the
abbey of Ilnlyrnnd hnuse." — Lowndes.
Clerke,"Sir William, Rector of Bury. Thoughts on
the manner of preserving the health of the Poor, Lon.,
17911. Svo.
Clery, Michael, sen O'Clerich, a native of Ireland.
Lexicon Hibernicum prresert. pro VocabuUs Antiquioribus
et Obscuris, Lovanii, lfi43, Svo.
Cleveland, Aaron, (son of Rev. Aaron C. and
Susannah Porter, d. of Rev. Dr. Porter of Maiden, Mass.,)
b. in Haddam, Conn., 1744. d. at New Haven. 1815. The
Philosopher nnd Boy ; a Poem, writlen before he was
twenty-one; Family Blood, a burles(|ue poem; Slavery
Considered, an anti-slavery Poem, in blank ^ ers e, of about
800 lines, published in 1775; and two Peace-Sermona,
1815, entitled The Life of M:m Inviolable, which were re-
published in England. For a Memoir of him, and extracts
from his poems, see Poets of Connectieut. We understand
that his grandson, Prof. C. D. Cleveland, of Philadelphia,
is about to publish his works with a life.
Cleveland, Charles Dexter, son of Rev. Charles
Cleveland of Boston, was born at Salem, Mass.. December
3, 1802. After spending five years in mercantile pursuits,
in 1S23 he entered Dartmouth College, and graduated in
1827. In 1830 he was elected Professor of the Latin and
Greek languages in Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pcnn. ;
and in 1S32 Professor of the Latin Lnnguage and Litera-
ture in the University of the City of New York. In 1S34
he established a Young Ladies' School in Philadelphia, of
which he still (1858) continues the Principal.
The following is a list of the works puh. by Prof. C. In
1826, while a Junior in College, The Moral Characters of
Theophrastus. with a Translation and Critical Notes: in
1827, while a Senior, An Epitome of Grecian Antiquities :
in 1828, First Lessons in Latin upon a New Plan, and in
the same year, The National Orator: in 1830. Xcnophon's
Anabasis, with English Notes: in 1831, a Compendium of
Grecian Antiquities, being the Epitome rewritten and
greatly enlarged, with Maps and Illustrations: in 1832,
First Lessons in Greek : in 1834, a Sequel to First Lessons
in Latin : in 1836. an edition of Adams's Latin Grammar,
with numerous Additions and Improvements: in 1844, an
Address of the Liberty Party of Pennsylvania to the People
of the State: in 1845. First Latin Book, and in the same
year, Second Latin Book : in 1846, Third Latin Book : in
184S, A Compendium of English Literature, from Sir John
Mandeville to William Cowper: in 1850, Hymns for
Schools; with appropriate Selections from the Scriptures:
in 1851, English Literature of the Nineteenth Century: in
1853, an edition of Milton's Poetical Works, with Life,
Dissertations on each Poem, Notes, an Index to Subjects
of Paradise Lost, and a Verbal Index to all the Poems : in
1858, A Compendium of American Literature, on the plan
of the Compendium of English Literature.
"The hooks of Professor Cleveland's Latin Series are well calcu-
lated for leading the learner forward, etep by step, in acquiring a
' knowledse of that language which enters so largely into all our
Bcieutiiio works," — Hunt's Merchant's Maga^ne.
Professor Cleveland's edition of Milton we consider the
most correct, compact, and convenient edition publisbed
in this country. It is "critical enough for the scholar,
fiiU enough for the general reader, beautiful enough for
the table of the opulent, but, above all, cheap enough for the
school-room and for the dwellings of those whose limited
means prevent them from buying expensive books."
"Ad edition which must have cost immense labour, from tho
care and accuracy with which every word has been weighed." —
National Magazine.
" A pre-eminently appreciable pleasure it is to find a new and
carefully-prepared edition of a favourite writer." — Knicherbocler.
" Tlie Index of Sulyects is full and judicious; the Verbal Index
remarkably accurate; and the Notes signally per tine nt."^iJi7*^' o-
theca Sacra.
" The Text T have found in all cases the best; the Notes most
judiciously selected or supplied; wliile tlie Index is complete and
faultless as far as human labour can be." — Jos. G. Cvgswtll, Li-
brarian of the Astor Library.
Professor Cleveland's Compendium of English Litera-
ture and his English Literature of the I'Jth Century are
most valuable manuals, and should be in every college,
school, family, and library, and on every parlour-table
where literature is not eutirely repudiated.
Notices of the Conijwndivm of E7igh'xh Literature.
"Having, some years since, meditated a einiilar undertaking, I
can appreciate, in a measure, Ilie difliculties with which you were
called to contend, and the skill with which you have surniouutcd
them."— Rt. Kev. A. Pottfr. D.D.. LL.D.
"To form such a Compendium, good taste, fine schr-larsliip. fami-
liar acquaintance with Knglish literature, luiwearied industry, tact
acquired by practice, an interest in the culture of the young, a re-
gard for truth, purity, philanthroity. religion, as tlie highest attaiu-
nient and the highest beauty, — ?ill these were needed; and they are
united in .Mr. Clevelaud.'* — Boston Christian licgister.
"Of the tilial attachment of Americans to the literature of Old
England the work before us is a most creditable specimen. It is
decidedly the best book of the kind we know. Though it is not
bulky, it comprises an immense amount of valuable matter.'" —
London Athenstum, March, 1S51.
Cleveland, Ezra. See Cleaveland.
Clevelaiul, Henry K., 1808-1848, son of Richard
J. Clevflaud, {<:/. v.) Kcmarks on the Classical Education
of Boys, by a Teacher, 1S34. Life of Henry Hudson, in
Sparks's Amer. Biog., vol. x., 1838. Address delivered before
the Harvard Musical Association, 1840, Svo. A Letter to
Hon. Daniel Webster on the Causes of the Destruction of
the Steamer Lexington, by a Traveller, 1840. Mr. C.
contrib. several papers to N. Amer. Rev., New England
Magazine, and other jcmrnals. A selection of his writings,
with a Memoir by Geo. S. Hillard, was printed for private
distribution after his death, Boston. 1844, 12mo.
"He was an accomplished scholar, particularly in the ancient
classics." — J-\!tF.D Spabkju. LL.D.
Cleveland, John. See Cleaveland.
Cleveland, PaiUer, See Cleavelajjd.
Cleveland, Richard J., father of Henry R. Cleve-
land. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enter-
prises. Camb., 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. Several edits, also re-
pub, in Eug.
" The result of long experience in practical navigation in various
parts of the woild, replete with intcreKtiug incidents and judi-
cious remarks, and written in a clear and forcible style." — Jared
Sparks. LL.D.
Clever, or Cleaver, William. A Knowledge for
Kings, &c. ; trans, into English, Lon., 1574, 8voj a theo-
logical treati.'je.
Clever,\Villiani. Flower of Physicke. Lon., 1590, 4to.
CUHbrd. Introduc. to Geography, 1682, Svo.
Clifford, Abr. Methodus Evangelica, 1676, Svo.
Cliflord, Anne, Countess of Dorset and Pembroke,
1580-1676, daughter of the famous Earl of Cumberland,
and author of the most celebrated letter by a female in the
English language, is commended by Mr. Pennant as the
most eminent person of her age for intellectual accomplish-
ments, for spirit, magnificence, and deeds of benevolence.
She erected a monument to Daniel the historian, another
to Spenser, founded two hospitals, and repaired or built
seven churches and si.x castles.
" She knew well how to discourse of all things, from predestina-
tion to slea-silk." — Dr. Dosne.
Bishop Rainbow commends the countess as of
"Great understanding and judgment, faithful memory, and
ready wit."
Horace Walpole ascribes to her pen Memoirs of her Hus-
band, Richard, Earl of Dorset, never printed. Sundry Me-
morials of Herself and her Progenitors. The famous lett«r
referred to above was in answer to Sir Joseph Williamson,
Secretary of State to Charles the Second, who took the
liberty of nominating to her a member for the borough of
Appleby. The countess settled the matter on this wise :
"I have boon bullied by an usurper, I have been neglected by
a court; but I will not be dictated to by a subject: yovu" mau
CLl
CLO
shan't stand !"—7n T!,e Win-Id, Nb.li; see Park's 'Walpole's R. 4 N.
Auth'trs.
Clifford, Arthur. Tixall Poetry, pub. by Sir Walter
ScotI, Ellin., lsl;i, 4to.
"OTer this Aston speculation the KdinburRh Review of the
Sadler has thrown a heavy cloud; the fiict is. it seems to me to
have ruined it." — James Ballanlyne to Sir W. Scott.
See an account of this vol. in Drake's Evenings in Au-
tumn. History of Tixall, Paris, IS 17. Carmen Seculare,
1814, Svo. Collect.anca Cliffordiana, Paris, 1.S17, 8vo.
State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler: with a Me-
moir and Notes, by Sir W. Scott, Edin., 1809, '10, 2 vols.
4to, or 3 vols. r. 4to.
" Written with all that lively solicitude about points of antiqua-
rian detail which accompanied him throuf^h so many tasks less
attractive than the personal career of a distinguished statesman
intimately connected with tlie fortunes of Mary, Queen of Scots."
— J. G. LOCKHART.
Cliil'ord, Charles. Remarks on Lord Thurluw's
Speech, 17SS. Tlie Angler; a liidactic Poem, 1804.
Clifford, Chr. Schole of Horsemanship, Lon., 4to.
Clifford, George, third Earl of Cumberland, 1558-
1605, the champion of Queen Elizabeth in the tournaments
of the day, also distinguished himself as a navigator. See
Biog. Brit. The Discov. and Con. of Peru, Lon., 1581, 4to.
Clifford, Francis. Ruins of Tiv<di, 1804, 4to.
Clifford, Henry, E.arl of Cunil)erland. Deck as Lt.
Col. of his Majesty's Forces in Yorkshire, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Clifford, Heiiry. Political treatises, 1790-1807.
Clifford, J. B. The Church's Triumph; a Sermon.
■■ Let the Church calmly prepare for that tremendous final con-
test between good and evil to which all things seem hiistening with
rapidity."— Sii/iop nf Oi/onrs Charge, p. 36, M.ay, 1S42.
Clifford, James. Serms., 1694, 12mo.
Clifford,James. Services and.^nthems,1663 or '64, Svo.
■• To this book. Xnl. il Wood and others frequently refer in speak-
ing of our choral music. It contains the words of the services and
anthems of near seventy of our church composers, whose works
were in use in the cathedrals soon after the restoration." — Lowndes.
Clifford, Jeronimy. Case, ic., Lon., 1768.
Clifford, M. M. 1. Egypt. 2. Poems, 1802, 'OS.
Clifford, Martin, d. 1677. 01«ervations on Human
Reason, Lon., 1675, Svo. Treatise of Human Reason,
Lon.. 1676, 12mo. An Apology for this treatise, by Albcr-
tus Warren, ICSO, 12mo. The Treatise will be found in
the Phoenix, vok ii.. No. 2, 23, and in the Harleian Miscel-
lany, vok is. Notes upon Mr. Drydeu's Poems, 1687, 4to.
See Athen. O.xon.
Clifford,Rob. History of Jacobinism, from the French
of Barruel, 1789, 4 vols. Svo.
"The best account of the exertions of the French Philosophers
to produce a new order of things in Church and State, will bo
found in these Memoirs." — Ch.irles Butler.
To this work should be added the paper entitled Revo-
lution de Paris, pub. from 1789-94, giving original accounts
of events as they transpired from day to day. A complete
Bet of this paper, bound in 14 vols. Svo, was lately offered
for sale: it rarely occurs. Add to these Prudhomme's
Crimes of the French Revolution, 1796, 6 vols. Svo. Clif-
ford also pub. The French in Russia, 1813, fob sheet.
Clifford, Samuel. Melancholy; from Baxter, Lon.,
1716. Svo. Dissuasive from Perjury, 1723, Svo.
Clifford, W. Farmer's Sure (iuide, 1796. 12mo.
Clifford, William. Serm., Lon., 1682, 4to.
Cliffton, William, 1772-1799, of Philadelphia, wrote
a Poetical Epistle to William GifTord. Escj., which has been
much admired. He commenced a poem entitled The Chi-
meriad, which was not completed. A vol. of his poems
was pub. in New York, 1800,- 12mo.
Clift, Henry. Book of Declarations, Pleadings, Ju-
dicial Writs, ic, 1703, fol.
Clift,William, Pliysiolog. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1815.
Clifton, Francis, M.D. Hippocrates, a trans, of
Lon., 1727, fol.
" A taithiul translation."
Other medical works.
Clifton, Jo. Serm.. 1703, 4to.
Clinch, J. B. An Inquiry, legalandpolitical,lS0S,8vo
Clinch, William, M.D. Prof, treatises, &c., 1724-60
Cline, Henry, Surgeon. Essay on the Form and
Breeding of Domestic Animals, Lon., 1815, Svo, pp. 14
"The contents describe very correctly the forms and bulk's of the
dltferont parts of the animal organization, deduced from experience
and anatomical principles. The author's ideas have ever been held
to ba very correct; and if he had enlarged upon the subject his
time would have been well spent, and the labour of readiu'i- would
be profitably emf\oyL-A:'—Donnldson'sAgriciat.Biog.,LoJi.,Wbi Svo
Clinton, C. J. F. 21 Serms., Lon., 1842, p. Svo.
"This volume will be a great fiivourite with many."— OAurcA
and SlutJ', Gmetlr.
_ Clinton, De Witt, 1769-1S2S, a distinguished Ame-
rican statesman, pub. Discourses before N. York Hist. Soc,
1811; Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1SI6; Amer. AcaJ. of
Arts, 1816; Phi Beta Kappa Soc., 1823: Amer. Bible .'^oc,
1823, '25; to The Freemasons, 1825. Hibernicus' Letters
on the Natural History and Internal Resources of the State
of New York. 1822, Svo. Life and Writings of, Ijy W. W.
Campbell, N. York, 1849, Svo. Lilo and Times of, Buffalo.
Life of, Ijy Prof. Renwick, N. York, ISmo. Memoirs of,
by David Hosack, N. York, 4to.
Clinton, Sir Henry, d. 1795, an English officer who
served in the American War. Narrative of his conduct in
America, Lou., 1783, Svo. Observations on Earl Corn-
wallis's Answer to the Narrative. 1783, Svo. Letter to the
Commissioners, 1 784, Svo. Observations on Stedman's Hist.
American War, 1794, 4to.
Clinton, Henry Fynes, 1781-1S52, b. at Gamston,
Nottinghamshire, a distinguished classical scholar. 1.
Fasti Hellenici: The Civil and Literary Chronology of
Greece, Oxford, three parts in 3 vols. 4tu, 1834-51.
"Indispensable to the right understanding of Ancient History.
It is such a work as the poet Gray felt the necessity of, and which
he once had the intention of executing."
2. Fasti Romani: The Civil and Literary Chronology
of Rome and Constantinople, Oxf., 1815, '50, 2 vols. 4to.
3. Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece,
Oxford, 1851, Svo. 4. Epitome of the Civil and Literary
Chronology of Rome, Oxford, 185.3, Svo. Nos. 3 and 4 are
abridgments of 1 and 2. See Lit. Rem. of H. F. C, by
C. J. F. Clinton, 1S54.
Clinton, W. Henry, Maj. Genl. Remarks relative
to the Operation of the British Army in Spain, 1809, Svo.
Clipperton, John. Voy.age to the South Seas and
East Indies in 1719. See Callander's Voyages, iii. 444, 176G.
Clipsham, Robert. The Grand Expedient for sup-
pressing Popery Examined ; or the Project of Exclusioa
proved to be contrary to reason and religion, Lon., 1685, Svo.
Clissold, Augustus. Illustrations of the End of the
Church, Lon., 1841, Svo. Two works on the writings of
Swedenborg, 1842, 1 vol. ; 1851, 4 vols. Svo. Apocalyptical
Interpretation, 1845, 2 vols. Svo. Expos, of the Apocalypse,
1851, 4 vols. Svo.
Clissold, Henry. Last Days of Eminent Christians,
Lon., Svo, 1848. Family Worship, Svo. Prophecies of
Christ and Christian Times, Svo. Last Hours of Scripture
AVomen, 1851, 12mo.
Clive, Catherine, 1711-17S5, an eminent English
actress. Case of Mrs. Clive submitted to the Public, Lou.,
1744, Svo. She introduced a i'Qvi "petite pieces on the
stage." See Biog. Dramat. ; Davies's Life of Garrick. vol. ii.
Clive, J.H. Marvor's Stenography abbrev.,1811,12mo.
Clive, Kobert. Serm., 1770, Svo.
Clive, Robert, Lord, Baron of Plassey, 1725-
1774. A Letter to the Proprietors of the East India Stock,
Lon., 1764, Svo. Speech in House of Commons relative to
the E. India Company, 1773, 4to. Charles Caraecioll wrote
a life of Lord Clive, Lon., 1775, '76, 4 vols. Svo. which Dr.
Watt compliments as "a confused jumble." Sir John Mal-
colm pub. in 1836, 3 vols. Svo, a life of Lord Clive, col-
lected from the Family Papers.
"The love of Sir John Malcolm passes the love of biograpliers." —
Rcvicvi hy T. S. Macaulay, Edin. Sev., Jan. 1840.
The Rev. Mr. Gleig also has presented the public with a
memoir of Lord Clive.
Clodius, John. Dissertatio, Ac. Politicis, Lon., 1658.
Clogie, Alexander. Vox Corvi. Lon., 1694. 12mo.
Cloke, Thomas. De Atrophia, Lugd. Bat, 1675, 4to.
Close, Francis, Archdeacon of Carlisle, formerly
Vicar of Cheltenham. Discourses on Genesis, Lon., 1826,
Svo; 6th ed., 1841, 12m<y.
"It contains full, clear, and striking Expositions and Illustra-
tions of divine truth." — Lon. Chrisfiun Guardian.
Miscellaneous Serms., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 52 Sketches of
Serms., 1842, Svo. Other works, 1840^3.
"Close is a popular and admired pre:icher. His discourses af^
ford a aithful exposition of the doctrines of the evangelical school
in the Church of England." — Lowndes.
Close,Henry J. Fam.Prayers,Lon.,18mo; 2ded.lS41.
" Well adapted for the purposes of tamily prayer." — Lon. Gospel
Mofjanne.
Close, William. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1800, '01, '02,
'05; Natural Philos. and Chemistry.
Closse, George. The Parricide Papist. Lon., 1606,4to.
Clossy, Samuel. Diseases of the Body, 1763, Svo.
Clough, Arthur H., Fellow aud Tutor in Oriel Col-
lege, Oxford, and late Professor in University College,
London. The Bothie of Toper-Nit-Fuosich : a Long Va-
cation Pastoral. Lon.. 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Plutarch's Lives;
the trans, called Drydcn's, corrected from the Greek, and
revised by A. H. C. Messrs. Little. Brown & Co., of
Boiton, Mass., will shortly issue this work in 5 vols. Svo.
CLO
' Cloiish, Henry J., M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 8vo. I
flough, Jam»'^s. Diseasesof Children. Ac, 17tl6,8vo.
C'louit, Thomas. Sermons, 1806, '1)9, 8vo.
Clowes, John, 1743-1831, Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge, Rector of St. John's, Manchester, 1769. New
Jerusalem Sermons, Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 8vo. This divine
pub. several other works in defence of the doctriues of
Swedeuborg.
Clowes,VVllliam, an eminent English surgeon temp.
Elizabeth, pub, several professional treatises, the best of
which is The Approved Practice for all young Chirurgeons,
1591, '96, and 1637, 4to,
" lie is a strong advocate for writing medical and rhirurgical
books in the vernacular hiUfiuage, and bis practice was always in-
genious, and often successful."
Clubbe, J., Surgeon. Profess, treatises, 1778, '86, 8vo.
Clubbe, John. Serm., 1751, 4to. Hist, and Anti-
quities of the ancient Villa of Whatfield, in the county of
.Suffolk, 1758.
"A Piece of excellent Irony, at the expense of Modern Antiqua-
ries."— Da. Watt.
A Letter, 1763. Physiognomy. Miscell. Tracts., 1770,
2 vols. 12mo.
Clubbe, William, d. 1814, aged 70. Trans. Ac. from
Horace, Lon., 1795, '97, 4to. Omnium, 179.8, 8vo. Other
works, 1804, '06.
Cliinie, James. Sufferings of Christ, Lon., 1810.
Cluiiie, John. The Storm Improved, ISIO.
Cluny, Alexander. The American Traveller, Lon.,
1769, 4to; reprinted, 1770, in French, 1783.
" The author was the first to give accurate intelligence of Hud-
sou's Bay. and to institute an inquiry about a more successful
cnuuuerce with the Ameiicans. The book was said to have been
putilislied under the auspices of Lord Chath.am: and both the
Kugtish and .\meiic,-ins. at that crisis, were so ea^er to possess it,
that it was bout:lit ;mhI read by one party with the same avidity
that it w.^s bou-bt :nia d.stroyed by the other. It now rests in
peace: an example (if ten thousand others were wanting) of the
short-lived popularity of ' things mundane.' " — Dihdm's Library
Companion ; q. v. for an account of Cluny's travels.
"Even in 1775, according to Daiues Barrington, it was a book
not commonly to be met with." — Rich's Bibiiotkeca Americana
iV'«'(i ; 5- y- for the full title.
Clutterbuck, Henry, M.D. Prof, treat,, 1794-1807.
Clutterbuck, J. Liturgy. 1694. Psiilms, 1702.
Clutterbuck, Robert, 1772-1S:U. an eminent anti-
quary and topographer, a native of Watford, Hertfordshire,
w.as educated at Exeter College, O.iford, The Hist, and
Antiquities of the County of Hertford, Lon., 1S15, '21, '27,
r. fol. ; 3 vols. pub. at £25 4s. ; large paper, with proof
plat«s, £47 5s. This work was the labour of 18 years. He
draws from Chauncy where the history of the latter suits
his purpose.
'■ This elegant aud complete History will band down his name
In honourable connection with his native county, to the latest
posterity. The plates have never been surpassed in any similar
publication, whether we consider the appropriateness of the em-
bellishmeuts, or the beauty and fidelity of their execution." — Lon.
Gent. Mag. ; see Review of vob i. in vol. Ixxxvi. ; of vol. ii. in vol.
Xci.; and of vol. iii. in vol. xcvii.
Clutterbuck, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1687, 4to.
Clutton, John. Serm., Lon.. 1789, 8vo.
Clutton, Josejih. Med. treatises, Lon., 1729, '36.
Clyfton, Richard. Baptizing Infants, 1610, 4to.
Clyfton, William. Advertisement, Ac, 1612, 4to;
rel. to the '* English exiled Church at Amstcrd.am."
Clymer, Meredith, M.D. On Fevers ; edit, with ad-
dits. from Tweedic's Library of Pract. Medicine, Phila.,
1846, 8vo. Fourth Amer. ed. of C. J. B. Willi.ams's Prin-
ciples of Medicine, Pbila., 1854, 8vo ; also editor of AVil-
liams's work on Fevers, and of his Treatises on Diseases
of the Respiratory Organs, both pub. in Phila., 8vo.
Coachman, Robert. Churchof Christ, Lon. ,1642, 4to.
Coad, John. A Memorandum of the wonderful Pro-
vidences of God to a poor unworthy Creature, (from 12th
of June, 1685, unto the 24th of November, 1690,) in and
after the Revolution hetweene the Duke of Monmouth and
King J.ames. By John Coad, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
"The best account of the sufferings of those rebels who were
sentenced to transpoi'tation is to be found in a very curious nar-
rative written by .Tohu Coad, an honest God-fe,iring cai-penter, who
-joined Monmouth, was badly wounded at Philip's Norton, was
tried by .Teffreys, and was sent to Jamaica. Tlie original manu-
script was kindly lent to mo by Mr. Phippard, to whom it belongs."
—Macaulat/'s England^ vol. i. p. 647, inote)
Coad, Joseph. 1. Finance. 2. Taxation, 1804, '06.
Coakley, John Lettsom. Account of the late John
f othergill, M.D., Lon., 17s:',. 8vo.
Coates, Benjamin H., M.D.. b. at Philadelphia,
1787, Cases, Memoirs, Essays, Pamphlets for private
Distribution, and Courses of public Lectures. Coutribu-
tions to Chapman's Medical Journal, 1819-26, and to the
393
COB
North American (medical) Journal, of which be was one
of the founders ; pub. 1826-31, 12 vols. Courses of Lce-
tjires on Physiology, the Practice of Medicine, and on
Bandages. Clinical Courses on Medicine in the Penna.
Hospital, 1828-41. Two Courses of Physiological Experi-
ments tin Absorption, with Drs. Lawrauce and Harlan,
Dr. Coates being reporter, 1821-2. On a Machine bed for
Fractures. On Gangrene of the Mouth of Children. On
Delirium Tremens. On the Mortality of the Coloured Po-
pulation in Separate Imprisonment. On the Origin of the
American Indian Races. On the Larva of the Hessian
Fly. A Memoir of Thomas Say, the naturalist. A De-
scription of a Hydrostatic Balance, dispensing with Cal-
culation. An Oration on Certainty in Medicine, 1830 ; an-
ticipating by several years the modern Arithmetical School.
Coates, Charles. History and Antiquities of Read-
ing, with Supplement, Lon., 1802. Reading, 1810, 4to.
Coates, or Cotes, Digby, Public Orator of the Uni-
versity of Oxford, appears to have partly executed the
trans, revised by Wotton of Du Pin's Hist, of Eecles.
AVriters, pub. in Lonilon, 1097-1725. 17 vols, in 7. An
cd. which is preferred, but which comes down only to the
end of the 16th century, was printed by Gricrson, Dubl.,
1722-24, 3 vols, fob
" Du riu was a laborious, and. for a Catholic, a liberal, writer;
the work is full of erudition." — Hisnop Watsox. ,
" It is uncinestionably the most standard work of that kind ex-
tant, whatever debcii'ncirs may have been found in its execution."
— Hallam : Lit. Hist, of Europe,.
Coates pub. Oratio, Ac, Chris. Codrington, Oxon., 1716,
8to. Sermon, 1713; 15 ditto, 1721, 8vo.
Coates, Reynell, M.D., b. 1802, Philadelphia, sur-
geon, naturalist, and political, scientific, and popular es-
sayist and lecturer. Popular Medicine, 8vo, Phil. Phy-
siology for Schools, 12mo, Phil., 1840. Nat. Philos. for
Schools, 12mo, Phil., 1845. Monographs. Reviews, Ac,
in N. A. Med. .and Surg. Jimr.. Amcr. Jour, of Med. and
Phys. Sci., Jour, of Acad. Nat, Sci., Phil. Cycl. of Prac.
Med. and Surg., 1826-40. Ed. of many Journals and An-
nuals, c. ry. Leaflets of Memory, 1845-63. Anth. of Na-
tive American N.ation.al Address, 1845. Founder of the
Patriotic Order of the United Sons of America. 1845.
Coats, James. Diet, of Heraldry. Lon.. 1725. '39, 8vo.
Coatsworth, Edw. De Variolis, Tr£ij. ad Rhcn.,
1708, 4to.
Coatsworth, W. Pharmacopoeia Paupennn, 1718, 8vo.
Cob, Chris. The Sect spoken against; or the Doc-
trine of Ely, Lon., 1651, 8vo.
Cobb, James, 1756-1813, a dramatic poet, author of
the Humourist, Strangers at Homo, 1786, and other dra-
matic works. See Biog. Dramat.
Cobb, John. 8 Sermons, Bamp. Leet., Oxf., 1783, 8vo.
Cobb, Lyman, an American writer, is favourably
known as the author of a series of Piqmlar Readers,
Cobb, Samuel, d. 1713, of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. Collections of Poems. 1707. Carpenter of Oxf.,
(1712, Svo.) and the JliUer's Talc, from Chaucer. Trans,
of the Muscipula. The Oak and the Briar; a Tale. The
Female Reign, in Dodsley's Collec, aud in Gent, Mag.,
1753, with .alterations by Dr. Watts.
Cobb, Sylvanus, Jr., b. 1823, Waterville, Maine,
son of Kev. Sylvanus Cobb. ed. and prop, of the Christian
Freemau, Boston; was editor and publisher of a paper
called The Rechabite; also edited the New England Wash-
ingtonian, Boston. H.as principally contributed to Glea-
son's Pictorial, Flag of our Union, and is now (1858) en-
gaged in writing for the N.Y. Lodger, (circulation 350,000
copies weekly.) Upwards of twenty novelettes have beer
republished from his newspaper-writings.
Cobb, Thomas. His Case, fol.
Cobbe. Prophecies, Signs, and Tokens, 1614, 4to. '
Cobbe, Richard. Bombay Church, 1765, 8vo.
Cobbet, Thomas, 1608-1685, a Nonconformist di-
vine, emigrated to New England, and there died. Sclf-
Emjiloyment in Secret.
" Edifying and consoling."— Bickeusteth.
On Infant Baptism, Lon., 1648, 4to.
"A large, nervous, golden discourse." — .Mather.
M.agistr.ate's Power in Matters of Religion, 1C53, 4to.
Prayer, 1654. Svo. Discourse, 1656, 8vo.
Cobbett,William, 1762-1835, a voluminous political
writer, was the son of a farmer and publican at Farnbam,
in Surrey. He ran away from his father, enlisted as a
soldier, .and served for some time in Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick. Returning to England, he received his dis-
charge, and in 1792 visited France, from whence he sailed
for America, arriving in New York in October of the same
year. In 1796 he settled in Philadelphia, and, establish-
(50B
coc
irin; Poter Porcupine's Gazette, took a lively interest in the
political questions of the clay. Ili.s intemperfinec in con-
troversy provoked suits for slander by Dr. Rush and others,
and the satirist was fined the sum of $5000. The works
of Peter Porcupine, 1783-1801, in 12 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1801,
should be carefully perused by the student of American
history.
" Ciil.bett, in these volumes, has li^ft a picture of the politics and
It-adin;; politicians of America, whii'h (with caution) must be stu-
died by all who would uiulcrstand the party questions with which
thev were discussed." — Kent.
in ISOO he sailed for England, where he started The
Porcupine, an advocate of Mr. Pitt, lie subseiiuently
established The Weekly Register, in which he communi-
cated with the public fur thirty years. In 1817 he again
visited America, in consequence of the Six Acts. These
■were repealeil in ISIU, and the exile returned, carrying
with him the bones of the notorious Tom Paine, for which
riddance America owes Cobbett's memory no little respect.
In 1832 the noisy gentleman was returned to Parliament,
where, by a wonderful metamorphosis, like Bottom in the
Play, he "roared as gently as any sucking dove." He
died at his farm in Surrey, June 18, 1835. His Political
Works, being an Abridgment of 100 vols, which compose
the writings of Peter Porcupine, and The Weekly Political
Register, with Notes by his S<ins, were pub. in 1812, Lon.,
6 vols. 8vo j to 1848, 9 vols. He also wrote the Emigrant's
Guide; Poor Man's Friend; Cottage Economy; Village
Sermons; An English Grammar; A Grammar to teach
Frenchmen the English Language; Trans, of Marten's
Law of Nations; A Year's Residence in America; Par-
liamentary History of England to 1S03, 12 vols., and De-
bates, 1803-10, 16 vols, royal 8vo ; and some other works.
See a list of his pamphlets, &c., in Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; a
memoir in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1835, and a notice in the
Lon. Times, same year. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
for a notice of Cobbett's works on Agriculture and Horti-
culture : Cottage Economy, Lon., 1822, 8vo. An edit, of
TuU's Horse-hoeing Husbandry, 1822. Rural Rides, Ac.;
Tho Woodlands, or a Treatise on Planting, 1825, 8vo.
Treatise on Cobbett's Corn, 1828, 8vo.
" This author did not in any way advance the practice of agri-
culture, either by preceptor example; but he adorned the parts
that have been mentioned, by bis homely knowledge of tho art.
and most agreeable delineation. He did not grasp the art as a
comprehensive whole, nor did he aspire to the higher branches,
among which to indulge a lofty seat of view and ideal elevation."
— D'maldson''s AijrtcuU. Biog.
The following is a specimen of the compliments with
which controversial writers must expect to be occasionally
favoured :
'• He is a man filled with odium humnni grnens. His malevo-
lence and lying are beyond any thing." — Jeremv Bentham.
*' The general characteristics of his style were perspicuity un-
equalled and inimitable: a homely, muscular vigour, a purity, al-
ways simple, and raciness, often elegant." — L<jn. Times.
"The style of Cobbett is the perfection of the rough Saxon
English, and a model of Political Writings for the People."
Cobbin, Ingrain. Child's Commentator, Lon., 7 vols.
18mo; new ed. 1851, 1 vol. sq.
" It is distinguished by a praiseworthy simplicity and plainness,
both iu the ideas and the phraseology." — Lownpfs.
The French Preacher; Serms. trans, from the French
Divines, Lon., 1816, 8vo.
*■ Containing much Biographical and Ilistoric^il information. . . .
Mr. Home considers Cobbin's notices of French Sermons as very
candid and correct" — Bickersteth.
Reformed Church of France, Lon., 1816, 8vo. An edit,
of Albert Barnes's Exposition of the New Testament, Lon.,
9 vols. 12mo, 1853. Condensed Comment, on the Bible; with
upwards of .^0,000 Notes, Lon., imp. Svo, and r. 4to, 1837;
2d edit., 1839, and later edits. (A Portable Commentary
in 12mo.) Of this excellent work there are lying before
us commendations from perhaps 35 to 40 authorities. We
have room for but two or three.
"It i.s derived from the best accessible sourpes."' — T. 11. IIobne.
" The most valuable book of the kind that has yet appeared." —
Lon. Eclectic Review.
" I cannot doubt but that by the use of this work the reading
of the word of God will be rendered much more beneficial to all
classes in the present active and inquiring age." — Rev. J. Pye
Smith. LL.D.
The Domestic Bible, imp. Svo, 1849, '52.
•* All the chief religious periodicals of the day have, without
exception, concert, or collusion, employed the most superlative ex-
pressions th.it language supplies, in praise of this work." — Lon.
Cltri.*itian Witufss.
Mr. C. has pub. many educational and religious works.
Cobbold, Elizabeth. Waterloo ; an Ode, Lon.,
3815, 4to.
Cobbold, John S. Theolog. treatises, 1797-1815.
Cobbold, Richard. Zenon, the Martyr, Lon., 2d
ed., 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"The incidents of this work are at once various .and striking;
and moral and religious truths of great importance are both simply
and powerfully expresst-d." — Lcti. Messenger,
Freston Tower, 1852, 3 vols. p. Svo. Voice from the
Mount: Pastoral Letters. 1848, 12mo.
" It may be read to edification by every age." — Church and State
Gazette.
Mary Anne Wellington, new ed., 1853, 12mo. Hist, of
Margt. Catchpole, p. Svo ; new ed. 1852, Svo. Other works.
Cobden, Edward, D.D., d. 1764, educated at Trinity
College, Oxford, removed to King's College, Cambridge.
Scrms., 1736, '48, '53. Poems. 1748, Svo. Concio ad
Clcrum, 1753, 8vo. Essays and Discourses, 1755, '57, 4to.
28 Discourses. 1757, 4to.
Cobden, Richard, b. 1804, at Dunford, Sussex, M.P.
for Stockport, 1841-47. and for the West Hiding, 1847-57,
has distinguished himself, in aud out of Parliament, by his
efforts for the repeal of tho Corn-Laws and by the advocacy
of other "political reforms." 1. England, Ireland, and
America. 2. Russia. These two pamphlets were pub.
about 1835. 3. Extracts fmm the Works of Col. T. Pcnm-
not Thompson. This anti-Corn-Law pamjihlet was pub.
about 1843. 4. Speeches delivered during 1849, 12mo.
5. How Wars are Got Up in India: the Origin of tho
Burmese War, 1853 : pamph. 6. 1793 and 1853 : in Three
Letters, 1853: pamph. 7. What Next? 1855: pamph.
Cocburuus, ou<f/ice Cockburii.
Cochraii,WiHiam. Serm.,1795. Trans., L A., ix. 133.
Cochrane, Alex, Itaillie, I\I.P. Meditations of
Other Days, Lon., 1841, Svo. The Morea, wilh Remarks
on Greece. 1841, p. 8vo. Young Italy, 1850, p. Svo. Ernest
Vane ; a Novel, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
" Ernest Vane is of high merit as a production of genius. . . .
Its pages abound with brilliancy of thought, and depth of feeling."
— Lfrn. Morning I'ost.
Cochrane, Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, 1749-
1831. an eminent chemist. Manufacture of Salt, Lon.,
1785, Svo. Coal Tar. and Coal Varnish, 1785, Svo. Me-
morial, (fee., E. I. Company, 1786, 4to. Agriculture and
Chemistry, 1795, 4to. Chemistry and Agricultnre,1799, 4to.
" The author was the first scientific person who directed atten-
tion to cbifmical agriculture." — Dnn<ih/son\i AgriaiU. Biog.
" The discoveries effected by his scientific research, with its di-
rection altoi^ether to utility, have been iu many instances benefi-
cial to the community." — Annual Address of the Registrars >■/ the
Literary Fund fiochty, 1823 : see Mem. iu Gent. Mag., Aug. 18*31.
Cochrane, Hon. Basil. The Vapour Bath, 1809,
'10, 4to; its ap].!i(';ition to diseases.
Cochrane, Charles Stuart, Capt. R. N. Residence
and Travels in Colombia. 1823, '24, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo.
" A work of little or no valuo." — Lowndes.
Cochrane, James. Manual of Family and Private
Devotion, Edin., 1835, p. Svo; selected from upwards of
40 Authors.
" There is no book of (he kind ■which I have better relished or
more highly approved of" — T)r. Thomas Chalmers.
Discourses, Edin., 1848, Svo. Discourses, 1851, Svo.
Cochrane, James, Hon. and Rev. Scrm.. 1777, 4to,
Usesof Clay Marl, Agricultural Salts, Ac, 1791, 4to, Other
publications, 1779-1805.
Cochrane, John, Oame of Chess, Lon., 1822, Svo.
Cochrane, Hou. John. Seaman's Guide, Lon.,
1797, Svo.
Cochrane, John Dundas, Capt.,R.N., 1780-1825.
Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary,
&c.; 2d ed., Lon., 1824, 8vo.
" The eccentricities of this most hardy and indefatigable traveller
sometimes approach to insanity."
"It contaiua, fi'om the writer's want of scientific knowledf^e,
little that is satisfactory ou tho face of the country aud its natural
productions." — Lon. Quar. Ktc.
Cochrane, Thomas, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1774,75.
Cochrane, Thomas, M.D. Med. Com.. 1785.
Cochrane, Thomas, Lord, has been Earl of Dun-
donald .since 1831. 1. Letter to Lord Ellcnborough. 2.
Address to the Electors of Westminster, ISll, '15.
Cock, Charles G. Household of God, Lou., 1651, fol.
Cock, John. Sermons, 1704, '07, "10.
Cock, n, R. Amer. Poultry Book, N. Y.. 1851, ISmo.
Cook,S. I. Navigation System. 2. Bullion, 1S04, '11.
Cocli, Capt. Samuel. Voyage to Lcthc, 1741, Svo.
Cock, Thomas. Discourse ou Air, Lon., 1605, 4to.
Cock, William. Metcorologie, or the true way of
Foreseeing and Judging the Weather, Lon., 1671, Svo.
Cockaine. Sec Cockayne.
Cockayne, George. Sermon, Lon., 1648, 4to.
Cockayne, J. England's Troubles Anatomized, Lon.,
1644, 4to.
Cockayne, O. Civil Hist, of the Jews, from Joshua
to Hadrian, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Greek Syntax, with Metrical
Examples, 1846, 12mo. Hist, of Erance, 1840, 18mo.
coo
coc
Cockbnrn, Archibald. Philosophical Essay codc.
the Intermediate State of Blessed Souls, Lon., 1722, 8vo.
Cockburn, Mrs. Catherine, 1679-1749,wasanativo
of Loniiou, a daughter of Captain David Trotter, R. N. In
her 17th year her tragedy of Agnes de Castro was produced
with great success at the Theatre Royal. In 1698 she gave
to the world the Tragedy of Fatal Friendship, and in 1701,
The Unhappy Penitent. In the same year she contributed,
with .several other ladies, to the Nine Muses; a tribute to
the memory of John Dryden. In 1706 her tragedy en-
titled The Revolution of Sweden was acted at the Queen's
Theatre. In 1708 she was married to the Rev. Mr. Cock-
burn, who was subsequently presented to the living of
Long- Ilorsley, Northumberland. In the i)revious year
she returned to the communion of the Church of England,
which she had when quite young forsaken for the Church
of Rome. In 1726 she pub. a Letter to Dr. Holdsworth
in vindication of Mr. Locke'.s Essay respecting the resur-
rection of the body. In 1747 appeared her Remarks upon
the Principles and Reasonings of Dr. Rutherforth's Essay
on the Nature and Obligations of Virtue.
" It [Mrs. Cockburn's refutation] contains all the clearness of
expres.sion. the streufrth of reason, the precision of lofric, and at-
tachment to truth, which makes books of tiiis nature really useful
to the common cause of virtue and reIij,'ion." — Bishop Warbdrton.
In 1751 Dr. Birch pub. an edition of Mrs. Cockburn's
Works in 2 vcds. 8vo. This collection, however, contains
none of her dramatic pieces excepting The Fatal Friend-
ship. Of her poetical essays. The Flowers of the Forest
is best known to the public, and has even been placed in
competition with Miss Jane Elliott's beautil'ul ballad of the
same title. Sec Life by Birch; Biog. Brit.; Forbes's Life
of Beattie; Ciblier's Lives.
Cockburn, Henry Thomas, Lord, Scottish Judge,
1779-1854. 1. On the Best Ways of Spoiling the Beauties
of Edinburgh. 2. Life and Correspondence of Lord Jeffrey,
Lon., 1S52, 2 vols. 8vo. He was an early contributor to
the Edin. Rev. Memorials of his Times 1866, 8vo.
'■ We are by no means satisfied that wo have made the best
imaginable selection from this amusing and valuable volume.
That, however, wliich has been given will suffice to recommend the
reader to it as one full of value and anniscment." — Lnn. Atfien.
Cockburn, Lt.-Gen. James. Voyage to Cadiz
and Gibraltar, up the Mediterranean to Sicily and Malta,
Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cockburn, John, D.D., d. 1729. Serms. and theolog.
essays, 1691-1717. History of Duels, showing their hei-
nous nature, 1720, 8vo.
Cockburn, John, D.D. Serms., ic, 1698-1718.
Cockburn, John. Journey over Land, from the
Gulph of Honduras to the Great South Sea, Lon., 1 735, 8vo.
" This curious and authentic narrative appeared so extraordinary,
that it was looked upon by many who perused it as little better
than a romance." — Lowndes.
Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1559, Professor of the Ori-
ental languages at Paris, was considered by Dempster and
Bale as one of the greatest scholars and ablest divines of
his age. Oratio de Utilitate et Excellentia Verbi Dei,
Paris, 1551, 8vo. Do Vulgari Sacrre Scriptura; Phrasi,
Paris, 1552, 8vo. In Orationem Dominicara, pia Meditatio,
St. And., 1555, 12mo. In Symbolum Apostolicum, Com-
ment., Lon., loGl, 4to,
'* He was so well seen in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew lan-
guages, that there were but few either in France or in Europe, that
could equal him." — Dempster.
Cockburn's works are rarely to be met with. See Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1749, aged 71, husband of
Mrs. Catherine Cockburn, was Vicar of Long - Ilorsley,
Northumberland. Penitential Office, Lon., 1721, Svo. Pray-
ing for Superiors, &c., 1728, '39, 8vo. An Inquiry into the
truth .and certainty of the Mosaic Deluge, 1750. Svo.
" One of the most valuable treatises on the Deluge that has been
published." — Orme: Bibl. Bib.
Cockburn, Robert. An Historical Dissertation on
the Books of the N. Test.ament ; vol. i., 1755, Svo.
Cockburn, Thomas. Sketch, Ac, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Cockburn, William, M.D. (Economia Corporis Ani-
m.alis, Lon., 1695. Svo. Other profess, treatises, 1696-1732.
Cockburn, William. Reign of Queen Anne, Lon.,
1710, 8vo.
Cockburn, William. ,Serm., Edin., 1712, Svo.
Cockbnrn, William. Clerk's Assistant, or Practice
of the Ecclesiastical Courts, ic, Dulil., 1753, Svo.
Cockburn, William. Essay on the Epistles of Igna-
tius, Lon., 1806, Svo.
" An excellent tract, tending to remove every shadow of reason-
able doubt from a subject of m uch collateral importance to religion."
Credibility of the Jewish Exodus ; in answer to Gibbon,
4e., 1809, Svo. Commended in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Strictures on Clerical Education at the University of Cam-
bridge, 1809, Svo.
** A very important tract."
■ O'her publications. 1802, '09.
Cockburn, William, D.D., De.an of York. A Letter
to Prof. Buckland concerning the Origin of the World,
Lon., 1S38, Svo. A New System of Geology, dedicated to
Prof. Sedgwick.
Cockburn, Sir William, of Langtown. Eespub-
lica de Decimis, Edin., 1627, 4to.
Cocke, Charles George. England's Complete
Lawyer and Law-.Ju<lge, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Cocke, Thomas. Kitchen Physic, Lon., 1676, 12mo.
Cocke, William Archer. 'The Constitutional His-
tory of the United States, from the Adoption of the Articles
of Confederation to the close of Jackson's Administration,
Phila,. 2 vols. Svo: vol. i., 1858.
Cockell, William, M.D. Professional Essay, Lon.,
1788, 4to.
Cocker, Edward, 1631-1677? an arithmetician of
London, pub. 14 books of exercises in penmanship, and
scver.al educational treatises. He is best known by his
Vulgar Arithmetic, pub. after his decease by his friend
John Hawkin.s. The 1st cd. (1677 or 1678) is very rare.
A copy sold at Puttick and Simpson's, March, 1851, for
£8 10». The 52d ed. was pub. in 1748, and there have
been several reprints since; the last of which we have any
account is dated Glasgow, 1777.
"Ingenious Cocker! now to rest thou'i-t gone,
No art can show thee fully but thyownl
Thy r.are Arithmctick alone can .show
The vast sumx o/Uumls we fur tliy labour owe."
The 2d ed. of his Dictionary was pulj. inl715and another
in 1725.
" lie certainly doth hit the white
Who mingles profit with delight."
Cockerell, Charles Itobert, R.A., b. 1788, Lon.;
a distinguished architect. Iconography of Wells Cathe-
dral, 4to. Descrijdions to Michael Angelo, 1867, fol. In
connexion with J. S. Harford, D.C.L.
Cockerham, Henry. Eng. Dictionary,Lon.,16.32,8vo.
Cockes, or Cox, Leonard. The Art of Crafte of
Rhetoryke, Lon., 1532, 12uio. Com. on Lilly, 1540. Trans,
of Erasmus's Parap. of the Epistle to Titus, 1549. Marcus
Eremita de Lege et Spiritu, 1540.
Cockin, or Cokayne, Francis. Divine Blossoms;
a prospect of a looking-glass for youth, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Cockin, Joseph. Serm., 1814, Svo.
Cockin, William. 1. Language. 2. Arithmetic,
1755, '66.
Cockings, George. W.ar; an Heroic Poem, 1760,
Svo. Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce ; a Poem, Lon.,
1769, Svo. TheConquestof Canada, or the Siege of Quebec;
a Tragedy, Lon,, 1766, Svo.
Cockle, Mrs. The Juvenile Journal, or Tales of Truth,
1807, 12mo.
" A strict observance of truth in the most trifling as well as the
more important concerns of life is the basis of every moral and
religious duty."
Moral Truths, Ac, ISIO, 12mo.
" This work may serve to show that the performance of duty is
the most important business of life." — Lon. Critical I^eview,
Important Studies for the Female Sex, 12mo.
" We present it to the Female W'orld as a worthy companion to
Dr. Gregory's Legacy to his Daughters, and as a friend whose pre-
cepts would lead them to virtue, honour, and happiness." — Jnty
Jacohilt Review.
Other publications.
Cockman, Thomas, D.D., Master of University Col-
lege, Oxford. Serm., 1733, Svo. Select Theolog. Discourses,
1750, 2 vols. Svo. Trans, of Cicero's Offices.
Cockohan, Thomas, D.D. Serm., Oxf., 1733, Svo
Cockrile, Richard. Trigonometry, 1793, Svo.
Cocks. Musical Publications, Lon.
Cocks, C, Prof, of Living Languages in the Royal
Colleges of France. Bordeaux, its Wines, and the Claret
Country, Lon., 1846, p. Svo. Translations from the French:
Ultramonlanism, by E. Quinet; Priests. Women, and Fa^
milics, by J. Michelet; The People, by the same; Antonio
Perez and Philip II. of Spain, hy M. Mignet.
" This remarkable historiette comes recommended to the general
reader, as well as to the historical student, by M. Mignet's very
complete mode of treatment and pleasing style of composition,
which it is no small credit to Mr.Cocksto have so well preserved in
his translation." — Lon. Dailij Newa.
Cocks, John. ,See Somers, Lono.
■ Cocks, Sir Richard, Bart. Church of England
Secured; 2d cd., Lon., 1722, Svo. Discovery of the Longi-
tude, 1721, Svo. Charge to the G. Jury, 1723.
Cocks, Sir Robert, D.D. Serms., 1714, '15, '16.
Cocks, Roger. Ilcbdomada Sacra; aWeekesDevo-
COG
COK
tlon. Lon., 1630, Svo. Answer to A Discourse by Sir E.
Peyton. 1642, 4to.
Cocks, \V. P. Treatise on Operative Surgery.Lon.,8vo.
" An assistant teacher for the student in anatomy and sunjjery —
a book to accompany him to the hr»spitals, to supply the defects of
experience or memory."' — Lon. Atlas.
Anatomy of the Brain, (fee, 18mo. Illustrations of Am-
putations, 8vo; of Dislocations and Fractures, Svo.
Cockson, Edward. Quakerism Dissected and laid
open, Lun., 1708, Svo.
Cockson, Thomas, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1775.
Cockton, Henry. Love Match. Lon., Svo. Sisters,
Svo. Stanley Thorn, 1S41, 3 vols. p. Svo. Steward. 1850,
Svo. Sylvester Sound, 1S44, Svo. The Ventriloquist ; being
Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox. Svo, 1840. Lady
Felicia.1851,'52. p. Svo. Percy Effingham,1853, 2 vol. p. Svo.
"It abounds in droll scenes, which will keep the most melan-
choly reader in a side-aching fit of lau-^hter as long as he has the
book in his hands." — Lon. Times.
" One nf the most amusing works we have ever read." — Oxvibridgc
Chronic! f.
Codes, Barth. Phisiognomie Englished by Thomas
Hyll; s. a. an ed., 1613, Svo. Numerous foreign edits, in
Latin and French. Chyromantia, Lat.j Ven., 1525, Svo.
La Geomantia, Ven., 1550, Svo.
Cocus : nu'jlut'. Cock, or Cooke.
Coddington, William, d. 1678, aged 77, the principal
of the first eighteen settlers of Rhode Island, and its first
Governor. A Demonstration of True Love unto you, the
Rulers of the Colony of Massachusetts in New England,
1674, 4to. See Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 265-
70; Winthrop; Hutchinson.
Code, II. B. Spanish Patriots a thousand years ago;
an Historical Drama, 1812, Svo.
Codriugton, Christoi>her, 166S-1710, a native of
Barbadoes, Fellow of All Souls' College, 1680; left £10,000
to his college for the erection of a library, and his West
India Estates to the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts. Ho ad<lressed some verses to
Garth on the publication of his Dispensary, and is the
author of some Latin poems in the Musae Anglicance, 1741.
Codrington, Robert, 1602-1G65, was educated at
Oxford. Trans, of Du Muulin's Knowledge of God, Lon.,
163L Life aud Death of Robert. Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to.
Heptanieron, 1654, Svo. Life of Esop, prefixed to Barlow's
ed. of the Fables, 1(>66, fob A Collec. of Proverbs, 1664,
'85, 12mo. Wood, referring to the Life of Essex, remarks:
"In this book Codrington shows himself a rank parliamenteer."
"His account is not only defective in point of method, but is
also very barren of facts, such only excepted as are collected from
the news-writers of those times." — Pars.
The Life of Essex is reprinted in the Harl. Miscel., vol. i.
Codrinscton, T. A Sorm. in Catholick Serms., (2 vols.
8vo, Lon., 1741.) vol. i. 259.
Coe, Richard. Diary relative to Waller's Army, 1644.
Coe, Richard, of Philadelphia, has pub. a number
of poems which have lieen commended as possessing un-
usual merit. The Old Farm-Gate : Stories and Poems,
Phila., 1852, 16mo.
Coe,Thomas,M.D. Dissert. In aug.Medica, Ac., Lugd.
Bat., 1728, 4to. Treat, on Biliary Concretions. 1757, Svo.
Coelson, Laiincelot. Aimanacks, Ac, 1056, '81, '84.
Cottey, Charles, d. 1745, an Irish dramatic writer,
altered a numl)er of jdays, of which The Devil to Pay, or
the Wives Metamorphosed, was a great favourite, chiefly
on account of the character of "Nell."
Coffin, J. G., M.D., of Boston. Mass., d. 1829. aged
59. Cold and Warm Bathing, 1818, 12mo. Medical Edu-
cation. 1822.
Coffin, Joshua. See Lonufellow, Hgnry Wads-
worth.
Coffin, Mryor Pine. Stutterheim's account of the
Battle of Austerlitz ; trans, from the French, 1S()6, Svo.
Coffin, Robert S., 1797 ?~1S57, of Brunswick, Maine;
the self-styled " Boston Bard." Poems, 1826.
Cogan, E. Scrms., &c.. 17S9-1817.
Cogan, G. Test, of Richard Brothers, 1795, Svo.
Cogan, Henry. The Scarlet Gown: Cardinals of
Rome, Lon., 1653, Svo. The Voyage and Adventures of
Ferdinand Mendez Pinto during his Twenty-One Years'
Travel in Ethiopia, China, Tartaria, Japan, Ac; done into
English by H. C, Lon., 1633, fob Cervantes calls Pinto
" The Prince of Liars."
Cogan, Thomas, an English physician, d. 1607, Fol-
low of Oriel College, Oxford, 1563. The Haven of Health
made for the Comfort of Students ; with a Censure of the
lat« Sickness at Oxford, &e., Lon., 1586, 4to, and 1589, '96,
1605, '12. Cogan wrote some other pieces. See Athen. Oxon.
Cogan, Thomas, an English physician and divine,
d. 1818, resided much of his time in Holland. The Rhine,
or a Journey from Utrecht to Frankfort, 1791, '92, Lon,,
1794, 2 vols. Svo.
"The style of this work is lively and interesting:: its pictures of
manners and scenery good; and it contains a learned disquisition
on the origin of printing." — Stevenson : Voyages and Travis.
A Philosophical Treatise on the Passions, Lon., 1800, Svo j
an Ethical ditto, Bath, 1807-10, Svo.
'■ Dr. Cogan — an adept on the subject of morals." — Lon. Mmi. Rev.
The Works of Camper, trans, from the Dutch, Lon., 1794,
4to. Theolog. Di.?quisitions, Lun., 1812, Svo.
Cogerhall, Henry. Timber Measure and Gauging,
Lon., 1677, Svo.
Coggeshall, Capt. George, of Connecticut, b. 1784.
Voyages to various parts of the World, made 1799-1844,
New York, 1851. "52, 2 vols. Svo. History of the American
Privateers, and Letters of Marque, during our War with
England, 1812, '13. and '14, Svo : Elustrated. Religioua
and Miscellanerius Poetry.
Coggeshall, Wm. T., b. 1824, in Penna. Easy
Warren and his Contemporaries, 12mo, N. Y. Spirit Rap-
ping. Cin., 1851, 12nio. Ed. Genius of the West. Haa
contributed largely to Periodical Literature.
Coggeshalle, Ralph, d. about 1228, an English
Monk nnd Hi:*torian. His principal work is A History of
the Holy Land. pub. in 1729 in vol. v. of the Amplis.'^xma
Collectio veterum Scriptorum et Monumentnruui ; in which
are two other works of his: 1. Chronicon Anglicanum ab
anno 1066 ad annum 1200. and 2. Libellus de Motibus An-
glieanis sub Johanne Rege.
Coghlan, Lucius, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1810, Svo.
Coiihlan, R. B. Apology for Catholic Faith, &q.,
1779, 12H10.
Coglan, Thomas. Mnemonics, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Cogswell, James, D.D., 1720-1807, of Connecticut.
Funeral Scrm. on S. Williams. 1776; 2d ed., 1806.
Cogswell, Joseph Green, LL.D., b. in Ipswich,
Mass.; grad. at Harvard College, 1806; was Professor of
Mineralogy and Geology in his alma mater, and Librarian
in the same institution,from 1821 to '23. In 1823, in con-
nexion with Mr. George Bancroft, he established the Round
Hill School at Northampton, Mass., and, after Mr. Bancroft's
retirement in 1830, continued it by himself until 1836. In
1848 he was appointed Superintendent of the Astor Library,
(in accordance with the expressed wish of the founder,) —
an office for which his remarkable attainments in Biblio-
graphy eminently qualify him. Dr. Cogswell has been a
contributor to Blackwood's Mag., the N. Amer. Rev., the
Monthly Anthology, and the N. York Rev., (ed. by him for
several years before its termination in 1842.) He is now
employed upon a Catalogue of the Astor Library, to be
comprised in 8 vols. r. Svo: Authors and Books, 4 vols. j
Subjects, 4 vols. : vols. i. and ii. were pub. 1857-58.
Cog:swell, William. Christian Philanthropist, Bost,
1830, 12mo. Other tiieologicjil publications.
Cohen, Rernard. Compendium of the Finances of
Great Britain and other Countries, Lon., 1822, r. Svo.
Cohen, L. Sacred Truths addressed to the Children
of Israel in the Brit. Empire, 1808, 12mo.
Cohen, Moses. Serm. on Prov. xx. 10, 1761, 4to.
Cohen, William. Seventh ed. of Fairman's Funds
trans. ,at the Bk. of England, Lon., 1824. Svo.
Coilzear, Rauf. "The Taill of Rauf Coilzear, how
he harbreit King Charlis Sanctandrois be Robert Lekpreuik,
1572, 4to. Reprinted in Select Remains of the Ancient
Popular Poetry of Scotland; and at Edin., 1821.
Coit, Thos, Winthrop, b. N. London, Conn. ; grad.
Yale Coll.. 1821 ; Prof. Triu. Coll. ; Pres. Transylvania Univ.
Theological Common-Place Book, 1832, '57, 4to. Remarks
on Norton's Statement of Reasons, 1S33, Svo. Bible in Para-
graphs and Parallelisms, 1834, 12mo: see Home's Bibl. Bib.,
^S. Townsend's Chronological Bible, 1837, '38. 2 vols. Svo.
Puritanism; or, A Churchman's Defence against its As-
persions, 1844, 12nio. Contrib. Ch. Rev., Churchman, <feo.
Cokain, Cockaine, Cockayn, Cokaine, or Co-
kayne. Sir Aston, 160S-16S4. a native of Elvaston,
Derliyshire, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge,
The Obstinate Lady; a Comedy, Lon., 1657, 12mo. Trappo-
lin, 1658, 12mo. Small Poems. A Chaine of Golden Poems,
Ac., 165S. Poems, 1662; sold at Sotheby's for £7. Choice
Poems, 1669; Bindley's sale. £3 17«. Ovid, 1669. See
notices of this author in the British Bibliographer, vol. ii.,
by Sir Egerton Brydges.
"His d;iys seem to have been passed between his bottle, his books,
and his rhymes. . . . His mind appears to have been much culti-
vated with learning; anditiscleiir that he possessed considerable
talents; but he exhibits scarcely any marks of genius." — Ubi supra,
4U1
COK
COK
• His poems may perhaps be c
who search after anecdotes of contemporary •
. consulted with advantage hy those ' of society should hecomo deeply injlnied with the wisdom
characters."— 2;«isJi , and the courage of those mighty luen of old, who in the
Spccimcm. , , ' advocacy of what they knew to be right, treated with equal
The following is so conclusire an evidence of the pood | ^o^jempt the wrath of the king and the rage ot the popu-
taste of 8ir Aston, that we quote it to his credit, and for j^^^,^ When the judges were questioned, whether if the
the benefit of our readers. After reviewing the claims of | ^^-^^^ should desire them to stay proceedings in any case
the various attractions which the world offers to its votaries, ^^^^^^ them, until he had consulted with them, they would
A Short
he thus announces his own preference
'■ Give me a study of trood bixjlis. and I
Envy to none their hussM feli.ity."
Cokainc, or Cockaine, Sir Thomas
Treatise on Hunting. Lon., 1591, -Ito.
Cokayne, George. See Cockayn.
Cokayne, VVilliani. The Foundation of Prudence
Vindicated, Ijon., 1649, 4to. „_„,., -o
Coke. Circumcision of Mustapha,Lon.,16i 6, lol. Ke-
printed in Ilarleian Miscellany, vol. v.
Coke, Sir Edward, 1551-52-1632, a native of Mile-
ham, NorfoUi, was entered of Trinity College, Cambridge,
in 1567- became a member of the Inner Temple in 167J ;
and was'callcd to the Bar in 1578. In 1593 he was elected
a Member of Parliament for Norfolli. and was chosen
Speaker of the House of Commons. In 1694 he was ap-
pointed Attorney-General, notwithstanding the strenuous i our licentious times have
effort of the Earl of Essex to secure the vacant post for j calness of the ' reports ot a
Francis Bacon. Hence arose the enmity which existed I
between Coke and Bacon. In 1598 he was left a widower, |
and in the same year married the widow of Sir William
Hatton, a grand-daughter of Lord High Treasurer Burleigh.
Upon the accession of James I., Coke received the honour
of knighthood. In 1603 he conducted the proceedings I
against Sir Walter Raleigh, and incurred merited censure
for his professional insolence. In 1606 he was promoted ;
to the Chief Justiceship of the Common Picas, and in 1613 j
to the Chief Justiceship of the King's Bench. His resist-
ance to the arbitrary and illegal acts of the king brought
down upon liiiu the royal displeasure, and in 1622 he was
committed to the Tower, and there imprisoned for more
than seven months. In 1625 he was returned to Parliament
for Norfolk, and in 1629 represented the county of Buck-
ingham. Though now in his 79th year, an attack upon
the constitutional rights of Englishmen proved that his
eagle eye, jealous in the cause of liberty, was not too dim
to decipher the imperishable lines of Magna Charta, and
that his "natural strength was not abated" in the cham-
pionship of political freedom. At the close of this session
he retired to his estate at Stoke Pogis. where he devoted
himself to literary pursuits until the coming of that " night
when no man can work." Repeating with his last breath
the solemn invocation— "Thy kingdom come, thy will be
done," he resigned his soul to his Maker on the 3d of Sep-
tember, 1632, and was buried at Titcshall Church in Nor-
folk. His principal works .are Reports from 1600 to 1615.
1. A Book of Entries, 1614, fol. 2. Complete Copyholder,
1630, 4to. 3. A Treatise of Bail and Mainprise, 1637, 4to.
4. Re.ading on the Statute of Fines, 27 Edw. I.. 1662. 4to.
The work by which as a writer he is principally known to
the present generation, and will be famous for all future
ages, is Institutes of the Laws of England, in four parts,
the first of which contains the Commentary on Littleton's
Tenures,(1628,) the second, a Commentary on Magna Charta
and other statutes, (1642,) the third, the Criminal Laws,
or Pleas of the Crown, (1664,) and the fourth, an Account
of the Jurisdiction of .all the Courts in the Kingdom, (about
1644.) The first part of the Institutes, or Coke upon Lit-
tleton,has been styled "The Bible of the Law." We can
hardly do justice to our subject without noticing this cele-
brated Commentary somewhat at length. The edits, from
the 1st to the 14th were pub. in folio; those pub. subse-
quently are in octavo. Edit. 1st, 1628, is very incorrect;
2d, 1629, had the advantage of the author's revision;
14th edit., with Notes, References, Ac. by F. Hargrave |
and C. Butler, (7. v.) 1789 ; to folio 195 by Hargr.ave, and
from 196 to the end by Butler; 17th edit., with addit. notes
by Charles Butler, 2 vols. 8vo; 18th ed., 1823, 2 vols. 8vo,
and 1832. 2 vols. 8vo, are reprints of the 17th edit., with
some addits. from Butler .and Hargrave's Notes. (See arti-
cle Coke in Marvin's Legal Bibl.) Thomas's Arrangement
can hardly he called an edit, of Coke. American edits.,
Phila., hy'Thomas Day, 1812, 3 vols. 8vo ; this is a reprint,
witli some addits. by the American editor, of the 16th Lon-
don edit. Phila., beautifully printed by R. H. Small, from
the 19th London edit., 1863, 2 vols. 8vo. Wo trust that
the publication of tliis very cheap and excellent edit, will
have a tendency to increase the study of Coke upon Little-
class
we feel a deep interest tliat those who are intrusted .. i^i not the American student of law supposi;
consent to such interference, all answered in the afiirinative,
until it came to the turn of the stout Lord Chief Justice
Coke, who courageously responded that,
" When that case should be, he would do that should be fit for
ajudge to do."
Did any freeman ever make a holder answer, and did
any lawyer ever make a wiser one? We shall quote a few
from the many testimonies we might adduce to the value
of the professional labours of this great ornament of the
Bench and the Bar: .„ , . ^
" His most learned and laborious works on the law will last to
be admired bv judicious p.istcritv whilst Fame hath a trumpet left
her. and any breath to blow therein. His judgment lately passed
for an oracie in law ; and if, since, the credit thereof hath care-
lessly been questioned, the wonder is not great. If the prophet
himself, living in an incredulous age, found cause to complain,
'Who hath believed our report?' it need not seem strange that
e afforded some to shake the authenti-
calness of the ' reports' of any earthly judge.''— Juifer's Worlhies of
Lord Bacon, whilst praising Coke's large and fruitful
mind, complains (though not with reference to his Com-
mentary) of his habit of straying from his text :
" When you wander, as you often delight to do. you wander in-
deed and give never such satisfaction as the curious time requires.
This'is not caused by any natural defect, but first for want of elec-
tion, when you have a large and fruitful mind, which should not
so much labour what to speak, as to find whiit to leave unspoken.
— LoRii Bacon : Letter to Cohc.
This desultory habit is very perceptible in the commen-
tary upon Littleton : ^ 1 » , ., «
-The Institutes of Sir Edward Coke are unfortun.ately as defi-
cient in method as they are rich in matter; at least the two first
puts of them; wherein, acting only the part of a commentator,
he hath thrown together an infinite treasure of learningm a loose,
desultory order."— Sir William Blackstose.
This want of method induced Mr. J. H. Thomas to pre-
pare a Systematic Arrangement of the Commentary, on the
Plan of Sir Matthew Hale's Analysis, Lon., 1818, 3 vols.
8vo. American edit, Phila., 1836, 3 vols., 8vo. We can-
not recommend this Arrangement in place of the original
to the legal student. We agree with Judge Sharswood :
" It may be that the original wants method;— but the life and
spirit of it are lost when it is hacked to pieces to be refitted to-
gether upon a new and ditTerent skeleton."
For notices of Coke's Reports, Ac, we refer the reader to
the works mentioned below.
" A knowledge of ancient legal learning is absolutely necessary
to a modern lawyer. Sir Edward Coke's Commentary upon Lit-
tleton is an immense repository of every thing that is most neces-
sary or useful in the le','al learning of ancient times. » ere it not
for" his writings, we .should still have to search for it in the vo-
luminous and'chaotic compilations of cases contained in the Year
Books, or in the dry. though valuable abridgments of Statham,
Eitzherbert, Brooke, and llolle. Every per.son who has attempted
it must be sensible bow very difiicult and disgusting it is to pm--
sue a rc'ular investigation of any point of law through these
works 'T'he writings "of Coke have consider.ably abridged, if not
entirely taken away, the necessityof this labour."— Charles Butler.
Mr. Butler, who declares that he is the best lawyer who
best understands Coke upon Littleton, did much to increase
the general usefulness of Coke :
" One cannot help observing how ranch the annotations of Mr.
Butler excel those of his predecessor. Mr. llargrave. both in suc-
cinctness of order, comprehensiveness of style, and elegance of
diction."— Hawksheai).
But Mr. Martin dissents from this judgment:
" Butlers notes, tliough deservedly esteemed, were confessedly
too hastily nrcpar,-.! to reach the high standard of his predecessor.
His knowl. .l^'H aj.pcars to have been more various than profound."
See Mart Conv.: Bart. Com.; and Hitso's Introduction.
'■ Sir Edward Coke— that great oracle of our law. — EnMO.VD
JirniKi- liefl'dions on the Hn'ohilimi in Frana. _
"To Coke's opinion I must attribute more than to any single
opinion of anv judge. No one man hath deserved so well of the
professors of the law ; no one man in any human profession hath
written so much and with so few errors as he. '— Sm OrlasbO
We may properly conclude this article with the opinions
of some eminent American Jurists : . , ,_
"The Commentary ought to be studied and mastered by every
lawyer who means "to be well acquainted with the reasons and
grounds of the law, and to adorn the noble science he professes.
~"'inrfaTOurite'L''w-book wa,s the Coke upon Littleton, which he
had read many times. Its principal texts he had tre.asur«d up m
his memory, and his arguments at the bar abounded with pei-
ne uTlrecurrences to the principles and analogies drawn from ths
?icb mine of common law learning."- ir/,c«to.'. L,fi^;f i^-ii^^y^
to 80 large an extent with the conservation of the interests j necessity does not here exist, as m England, to make this golden
COK
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booli* his principal guide in the real law. All precedent in this
country contradicts such an idea. The present jreneration of dis-
tinguished lawyers, as well as that which has .just passed away,
have piven ample proofs of their familiarity with the writings of
Lord Coke ; and our numerous volumes of reports daily illustrate,
that, with trivial exceptions, what is the law of real property at
Westminster Hall is equally so in the various tribunals through-
out our extensive country." — Hoffman's Leijal Sludi/.
" The work is one which cannot be too highly prized or too ear-
nestly recommended to the diligent study of all who wish to be
■well grounded in legal principles. For myself, I agree with Mr.
Butler in the opinion that he is the best lawyer who best under-
stands Coke upon Littleton." — Judge Sharswood.
See also Johnson's Life of Coke, 1S45, 2 vols. Svo; "War-
ren's Law Studies; Petersdorff's Com.; Man-in's Legal
Bibl. ; Biog. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual : Lodge's Il-
lustrations; Bridgnian's Legal Bibl.; The Retrospective
Review; Roger Coke's (grandson of Lord Coke) Detection
of the Court and State of England.
Coke, Georgius Henricus. Historia Principum
AnhaUinornm, Jenio. 1686, 4to.
Coke, John. The Debate betwcnc the ITeraldes of
Englande and Frnunce, Lon.. 1550. 16mo. The debate
turns upon a question propounded by Lady Prudence —
'' Which realme christened is most worthy to be ap-
proached to honoure?"
The decision, of course, is in favour of " Englande."
Coke, John. Sylloge variorum Traetatum, &c., 1649,
4to ; refers to the murder of King Charles I.
Coke, John, M.D. Treatise on Poisons, Lon., 1770,
12mo.
Coke, Roger, grandson of Sir Edward Coke. Justice
Vindicated, Lon., IfifiO, fob How the Navigation may be
Encreased, &c., 1675, 4to.
'• Though wrong in his suppositions respecting the state of the
countiy, Mr. Coke recommended several measures fitted to promote
its improvement.'' — McCuUoch's Lit. of J'olit. Ecmirrnvj ; where see
other treatises of Coke's noticed.
A Detection of the Court and State of England, 1694, 2
vols. ; 1719, 3 vols. 8vo.
" A sort of secret history, engaging to an Englishman, naturally
inquisitive, curious, and greedy of scandal."
Coke, Thomas. Serra.. Prov. xxi. 6, 1773, Sro.
Coke, Thomas, LL.D., 1747-1814, an eminent Wes-
leyan missionary, a native of Brecon, South Wales, was
educated at Jesus College. Oxford. In 1780 be was ap-
pointed by John Wesley superintendent of the London
district. In 17S4 he visited America, and made altogether
nine voyages to the United States and the West Indies for
missionary purposes. In December 1813. be sailed for
Ceylon with six preachers, and was found dead in his cabin,
May 3, 1814. His untiring zeal for the advancement of
religion is worthy of all imitation. Besides some extracts
from his Journal, &c., he pub. (in conjunction with Henry
Moore) a Life of John Wesley, Lon., 1792, 8vo. His
principal work is A Commentary on the Old and New
Testaments, Lon., 1803, 6 vols. 4to.
"This is a sensibly written work; but neither critical nor very
profound. After the exposition, which is itself rather practical
than exegetical, there follows what he calls in/i-rctici'a, and, last
of all, rcjlectiims. Every thing important in the work might have
been put into half the size."— t)R>TE: Bihl. r.ih.
*• It is in the main a reprint of the work of Dr. Dodd. with seve-
ral retrenchments and some unimportant additions. Though the
major part of the notrs, and even the dissertations: of Dr. Dodd are
here republished ivilhnut the authors name, yet all the marginal
readings and paralk-l texts are entirely omitt4?d." — Dr. Adam
Cl.\rke.
Coke, Thomas W., Earl of Leicester, Ad-
dresses to the Freeholders of Norfolk, 1802.
Coke, Zachary. The Art of Logic, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Coker, John. 1. Remarks. 2. Reflections, &c., 1806,
*10; political pieces.
Coker, 3Iatthe\v. A Whip of Small Cords to scourge
Antichrist, Lon., 16.54, 4to.
"The writer was evidently a wild enthusiast."
A Prophetical Revelation from God, 1G54, 4to.
. Coker, N. Survey of Dorsetshire. Lon., 1732, fob
*' This Survey appears to have been finished iu the latter end of
James I.'s reign.'" — Dr. Watt,
•' A very incorrect and imperfect work." — Lowndes.
Coker, Thomas. Sermon, 1721, 8vo.
Colbatch. Account of the Court of Portugal under
the Reign of Don Pedro II., 1700, 8vo.
Colbatch, John, a London surgeon, wrote several
medical treatises, vindicating the theory that disease in
the system arises principally from an excess of the alka-
lies in the blood and humours. He liberally administered
acids to bis patients. Collection of Med. and Chir. Tracts,
Lon., 1700, 8vo.
Colbatch, John, D.D. Theolog. Treatises, Camb.,
1718-41.
Colbeck, Joseph, Jnn. Poems, 181.3.
Colbert, Jnn. The Age of Paper; or an Essay on
Banlcs and IJanking. Lon., 8vo.
Colborne, Robert. English Dispensatory, 1753, 8vo.
Colburne. Discourse upon the Catalogue of Doctors
of God's Church, shewing the Succession of the Church,
1589, 8vo.
Colby, H. G. O. Practice in Civil Actions and Pro-
ceedings at Law in Massachusetts, Boston, 1848, Svo.
'' A familiar acquaintance with practice is one of the most strik-
ing; and indispensable qualifications of an accomplished Lawyer.
It teaches him how to handle his weapons."
Colby, John. Sermons, 1732. 12mo.
Colby, Samuel. Sermons, 1708, *09.
Colby, Capt. Thomas, and Lt. Col. William
Mudsre. Account of the Operations for accomplishing
the Trigonometrical Survey of England and Wales, 1800-
08, Lon'.. 1799-1811. 3 vols. 4to.
Colchester, LoriU Sec Abbot, Charles.
Colclong:h, Geors;e, Repentance, Lon., 157-, 12mo.
Colden, Alexander. Kxamination of the New Doc-
trines in Philosophy and Theology of Priestley, Lon.,
1793, 8vo.
Colden, CadAvallader, 1688-1776. a Scotch physi-
cian, educated at Edinburgh, emigrated to Pennsylvania
about 170S. In 1718 he removed to New York, and was
made Lieutenant Governor in 1761, and again in 1775.
He practised medicine in early life, and pub. a treatise on
the Yellow Fever, which prevailed in New York in 1743.
He was a zealous botanist, and his description of between
300 and 400 American plants was pub. in the Acta Upsa-
liensia, (1743.) The establishment of the American Philo-
sophical Society, located at Philadelphia, was chiefly owing
to his suggestions. Dr. Franklin and Colden communi-
cated to each other their experiments in Natural Philoso-
phy. The History of the five Indian Nations depending
upon New York. New Y'^ork, 1727, Svo; reprinted with the
2d part and large addits., in 1747, Lon., Svo.
"In the reprint, the dedication, which was originally to Go-
vernor Burnet, is transferred by the London publisher toGeneral
Oglethorpe. Mr. Colden complained of this, as well as of some
additions [several Indian treaties] which were made to the London
edition without his knowledge or consent." — Rich: Amtricana
BiliUothfica Neva.
The 3d edit, was pub. in London in 1755, 2 vols. 12mo.
A work on Gravitation, &.c, New York, 1745, Svo; Lon.,
1752. 4to. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.. 1755. See Amer.
Museum, iii. 53-59 ; Rees : Conduct of C. Colden, Esq.,
relating to the Judges' Commissions, &c. ; Allen's Amer,
Eiog. Diet. ; Encycl. Amer.
Colden, Cadwallader D. Life of Robert Fulton,
New York, 1817, Svo. See a severe critique upon this work
in the London Quarterly Review, xix. 347.
"Although our readers may be inclined to give us credit for
some knowledge of our transatlantic brethren, yet we can honestly
assure them we were not quite prepared for such a sally as this of
Cadwallader Colden, Esq." — Ubi stijn-a.
Cole. English and Latin Dictionary, 1677, 4to.
Cole. Oratio de Ridiculo, Lon., 1811, 4to.
Cole, Abdiah. The Rational Physician's Library,
Lon.. lOfU, ful.
Cole, Benj. Map of 20 Miles round Oxford, 4to.
Cole, Christian. Triumphant Augustus; a Poem on
his ]\Iajestv's Return, Lon., 1095. 4to. Memoirs of Afiairs
of State, lV.97-1707, Lon., 1723. fob
Cole, Charles Nalsou, 1722-1804. educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge. Laws rel. to Bedford Level
Corporation, Lon., 1761, Svo; 1S03, Svo. An ed. of Dug-
dale's Embankhig of Fens and Marshes, Ac, 1772, fob
Works of Sname Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. Svo.
Cole, Francis. Prologue and Epilogue to a Comedy,
kc, Lon.. 1012. See Restituta, iv. 263.
Cole, Ilenry, d. 1579, a learned Roman Catholic di-
vine, Perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1523;
Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1540; Provost of Eton, 1554.
Disputation with Cranmer and Ridley at Oxford, 1554,
Funeral Serm. at the burning of Cranmer. See Fox's
Acts and Monuments. Letters to Bishop Jewel, Lon.,
1560, Svo. {In Jewel's Works.) Letters to Bishop Jew-
el, An Answer, Ac, will be found in Burnet's Hist, of the
Reformation.
"Job. Leland the antiquary was Dr. Cole's acquaintance^ and
having had expei-ience of his learning, hath eternized his memory
among other learned men of our nation and of his time, in his
boolc of Encomia's — to which the curious reader may recur if he
please, wherein he'll find a just character of this oui- author Dr.
Cole and his learning." — Athen. Oxon.
Cole, Henry. Popular Geology Subversive of Divine
Revelation : a Letter to Rev. Adam Sedgwick, Lon., 1834,
8vo. Luther's Com. on the Psalms; now first trans, into
English, 1837, 12mo.
403
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In this summary Comwmlary tie godly reader will see how I I surrive her. That I will, most religlonsly, and make it as happy
sedly this great ma.l opened and taught the word of God." as it is i>03silile."-i/orace nalpok t„ Cole. Ulaiji. l.M.
)bs/rv«ti.ms on our Public Schools, 184li, 8vo. " I congratulate the 1'"1^\1'»'-'='%^;'°S ''?' '° ''"^/^^^
-«lo Ho..v„_ .1,„ „„.,r>nt„. ..f .h„ "Art Mnnnfnc- t^-e hands of Bo humane a nmster I have a 1 ttle dm nutne dog
blessedly
Ob:
Cole, Henry, the promoter of the "Art Manufac-
tures," and editor of the Journal of Design, has puh. seve-
ral useful books under the name of Felix Summekly, tj. v.
Cole, James L., <1. 1S23, aged 24, a native of Ca-
nandaigua, pub. some fugitive poetry in the New York
Statesman, and in the Ontario Repository, under the signa-
ture of Adrian.
Cole, John. Mathemat. Tracts, 1.S12, 8vo.
Cole, John, llerveiania: illustrative of the Life and
Writings of Rev. James Hervey, 1822, '2?,, '26, 3 parts Svo.
Bibliographical and Descriptive Tour from Scarborough,
<tc., 1824, Svo. The Scarborough Repository, 1824, 8vo.
The Scarborough Album of History, 1825, p. Svo. Cata-
logue of a Select Portion of his Collection of Books, 1825,
Svo. Hist, and Antiquities of Ecton, 1S25, Svo. Life,
"Writings. Ac. of Thomas Hinderwcll, 1S26, Svo. Anti-
quarian Trio, 1826, Svo. Tour round Scarborough, 1826
Svo. Book-Selling Spiritualized, 1826,
Busy, full as great a favouiit**. and nn-er out of fiiy lap. I have
already, in case of an accident, ensured it a refuge from starvation
and ill us.ige. It is the least we can do for poor harmless, shiftless,
pampered animals, that have amused us, aud we have spoilt." —
Ojh: to Walpple, Muy 7, Vbl. , _
"How could he ever have got through the transcript of a Bishops
Kegister or a Chartulary, with Bu.sy on his lap?" See Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes.
Cole made large MS. Collections for the compilation of
an Athena; Cantabrigienses. We have already strenuously
insisted upon the preparation of a work of this kind, (see
Baker, Thomas, Ac.,) and never intend to be satisfied
until such an one we have ! Cole also collected towards a
county history of Cambridge, and seems to have commenced
both this and the preceding compilation as early as 1724.
His " purposes were not broken off in the midst," but like
Thomas Baker's {q. r.) delayed until death would wait
no longer. He left 100 small folio volumes of MSS., more
Antiq. of Weston FovcU, 1827, Svo. Hist, and Antiq. of
Filey, 1828, Svo. Catalogue of Standard Books, made
out on an entirely new plan, 12mo. Other works. See
Lownilcs's Bibl. Man.
Cole, John Webb. Commentary on the Prophecies
and the New Testament, ic, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo. I
Cole, Josiah. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1736. j
Cole, Mary. Cookery, Confectionary, Ac, 17S9, Svo.
Cole, Nathaniel. 'Serms. and theolog. treatises, j
1615-33.
Cole, Robert. News from Ireland. Lon., 1642, 4to.
Cole, T. Account of fat Mr. Bright, Phil. Trans., 1751.
Cole, Thomas. Serm. against Anabaptists, Lou.,
1553. Svo.
Cole, Thomas, Archd. of Essex. Scrm., Lon., 1564.
Cole, Thomas, d. 1697, student of Christ Church,
Oxford; Principal of St. Mary's Hall, 1656; ejected for
Nonconformity, 1660; Tutor to Johu Locke. Three of
his serms. are in the Morning Exercises. Discourse of Re-
generation, F.iith, and Repentance, Lon., 1689.
• in"hly evangelical and judicious." — Da. E. Wnu.\MS.
Cole, Thomas. Sermons, 16S3, '90, '93.
Cole, Thomas. British Hei'ring-Fishery, Lon., 1753.
Cole, Thomas. Discourses. Poems, Lon., 1762. '95, '97.
Cole, Thomas, 1801-1847, artist and author, b.
in Lancashire, Eng.; settled in the U.S., 1819. The Spirit
of the Wilderness; a Dramatic Poem. MS., 1835. Sec Eulogy
by Wm. C. Bryant, and Life and Works, by his friend. Rev.
L. L. Noble. N.Y., 1855, 12mo.
Cole, William. The Irish Cabinet, Lon., 1645, fol.
Cole, William, 1628-1662, an English botanist, en-
tered of Merton College. Oxford, 1642; secretary to Diippa,
Bishop of Winchester, 1660. The Art of Simpling, Lon.,
1656, 12mo. Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise: the
Hist, of Plants, Herbs, and Flowers, 1657, fol. This work
was a favourite iu its day.
" Cole Ijecame the most famous simpler or hotiinist of his time."
Cole, William, M.D., graduated at Oxford, 1666,
practised at Bristol. De Secretione Animali Cogitati,
Oxon., 1674, Svo. Purpurea Anglicana: on a Fish found
near the Severn, Lon., 16S9, 4to. De Mech.anica, Ac., 1693,
Svo. Treatise on Apoplexies, 1689, Svo; on Fevers, 1693,
Svo. Epilepsy, 1702, Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '85.
Cole, William, Rod for the Lawyers, 1659, 4to.
Cole, William. Impris. for Debt, 1680, 4to.
Cole, William, 1714-1782, an eminent anticjuary and
a divine, a native of Cambridgeshire, was educated at Clare
H.all and King's Ccdlege, Cambridge; F.S.A., 1747; Rec-
tor of Ilornsey, 1749; of Bletchley, 1767; Vicar of Burn-
ham, 1774. in 1705 he accompanied his friend Horace
Walpolo to Franco, and had some thoughts of a permanent
residence there; probahly in consequence of his partiality
for the Roman Catholic religion. He was an industrious
antiquary, and contributed to Grose's Antiquaries; Ben-
tham's Ely ; Ducarel's publications ; Philip's Life of Cardi-
nal Pole; Gough's British Topography; Memoirs of the
Gentlemen's Society at Spalding; Nichols's Collection of
Poems ; Anecdotes of Hogarth ; History of Hinkley ; Life
of Bowyer, Ac. He was a zealous collector of portraits,
and the letters between Horace AValpole aud himself are
sufficiently amusing, especially that relating to the " Alge-
rine Hog," who carrieil off " 187 of my most valuable aud
favourite heads." The fidlowing extracts from two of the
letters of these friends will not be unacceptable to the
reader :
" My poor dear Madame du Deffand's little dog is arrived. She
made me promise to take care of it, the last time I saw her, should
404
Hist, and I than 50 of which relate to his projected AthenaJ. In a fit
of despondency respecting the completion of his labours,
he thus laments :
" In gi^od truth, whoever undertakes this drudgery of an Athenje
Cantal'iigiens.-s must be contented with no prospect of credit and
reputation to himself, and with the mortifv ing relleclion that after
all his pains and study, through life, he must be looked upon iu
an hunitile light, and only as a journeymen to Anthony Wood,
whose excellent book of the same sort will ever preclude any other,
who shall follow him in the same track, from all hopes of fame; and
will oidy represent him as an indtator of so original a pattern. For
at this "time of day. all great chixracters. both Cantabrigians and
Oxonians, are already published to the world, either in his book,
or vai ions others ; so' that the collection, unless t he same characters
are reprinted here, must he made up of second-rate persons, and
the refuse of authorship. However, as 1 have begun, and made
so large a progress in this undertaking, it is death to think of Uuk-
ivg it off, — though, from the former considerations, so little credit
is to be expected from '\\,:'—Qwite.d by Disraeli from a ft y-ka/ of
1777. See Miscellanies of Literature.
Now, no one could better confute this sophistry than Cole
could, and did himself by his protracted labours. When
will some Cambridge m.an, endued with the spirit of John
Cains, — ik/c De Antiquitate Cantabrigienses Aeademicas,
— arise to take away the reproach from his alma mater?
Cole, William. Nature of Light, Col., 1777, Svo.
Cole, William. Key to the Psalms, Camb., 1788,
Svo. Poems, Ac. 1790, '96, '99. Con. to Archa;ol., 1789 :
The Horns given bv Henry 1. to the Cathedral of Carlisle.
Cole, William, D.D., Preb. Westminster. Serm., 1798.
CoIc,>\ illiam. Conversations on Algebra. ISIS. 12mo.
Colehrook, Sir George. Letters on Intolerance,
Lon., 1791, Svo.
Colehrook, Josiah. Antiquarian, Astronom., and
Medical C.n. to An-ba-ol.,1772. '76; Phil. Trans., 1769.
Colebrooke, Henrietta. Thoughts of Rousseau, 17SS.
Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, 1765-1837, an
eminent Oriental scholar, settled in India in 17S2, and
held many high positions there. He comi)leted the Digest
of the Hindu Law on Contracts and Successions, from the
Original Sanscrit, which was left unfinished by the clcath
of Sir William Jones, Calcutta, 1797, 3 vols. Svo; Lon.,
ISOl, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Collection of Compositions in Sans-
crit, Ac, Calcutta, 1804, 4to. 3. Grammar of the Sanscrit
Language, Calcutta, 1805, fol. 4. Dictionary of the Sans-
crit Language, Calcutta, 1808, 4to. Also several other
Oriental works, and many contributions Oriental, scien-
tific, and literary. 5. Remarks on the Husbandry and In-
ternal Commerce of Bengal, Lon., 1800, Svo.
"Notwithstanding the lapse of nearly half a century since its
publication. Mr. Colebrooke's account of the husbandry and internal
commerce of Bengal continues to be by far the best and most trust-
worthy work on the subject." — McCuLLOCU : Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Miscellaneous Essays. Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo.
Colebrooke, Robert. On Barren Island and its
Volcano: Trans, of the Soc. of Bengal, iv. 397.
Coleeber. Existence and Nature of God, 1718, Svo.
Coleire, Richard, of Isleworth. Serms., 1708—15.
Coleman. Letters to M. Le Chaise. 1678, 4to.
Coleman. Benjamin. Serms., 1717, '2S, '35.
Coleman, Charles. S.atirical Peerage of England,
17S4, -Ito.
Coleman, Charles. Serms., 1S17, Svo.
Coleman, Charles. Mythology of the Hindus, Lon.,
1832, 4to. Commended by Lon. Athn.
Coleman, Eilward. Legacies; a Poem, Ac, 1679, fol.
Coleman, Ed« ard. Foot of the Horse, 179S-1S02,
2 vols. 4 to.
" .\n esteemed work." — Lowndes.
Other veterinary. Ac. works, 1791, 1800, '01.
Coleman, J. N. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1827, Svo.
OOL
COL
Coleman, John, D.B., b. ISO."., at Baltimore, Mfl., an
Episi-upul clurgyniiin of great worth and talents, resident
in St. Louis. Editor of Faber's Difficulties of Roman-
ism, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1S40 ; of the
Einsoopji! Manvial by Dr. Wilmcr, with addits. and emen-
dati<tns, 1811. Contributions to various religious journals.
Editor of the Banner of the Cross, Phila., in coujunction
with the Rev. Frederick Ogilby.
Coleman, Lyman, D.D.. born 1796, Mass.» grad.
Yale Coll., after whiidi. durin;; tlirce years, he was Princi-
pal in the Latin (jraui. Soluiol at llartfurd ; was then more
than four years tutor in Yale Coll., where he studied theo-
logy ; was pastor of a church in Belchertown, Mass., for
seven years ; Principal of the Burr Seminary in Vermont
five years; Principal of the Engli^^h Department of Phillips
Academy in Andover; spent a year in study in Germany,
and in travel ; Professor of German in Princeton Coll.,
from which he received the degreeof S.T.D. 1. Antiquities
of the Christian Church, (trans, from the German; pub. in
Ward's Library of Standard Divinity : see Williams's Christ.
Preacher.) 2. The Apostolical and Primitive Church, 12nio;
with an Introduc. Essay by Dr. Augustus Neander, Prof.
Univ. of Berlin.
•• Its Well (liu'estod. and ri;_ditly npfilii'd, K-arnintr. catbnlic spirit,
and comprehensi\L- pian, r.iiinul l.til t.i pht.f it aniniii: stamlaiii
works in its partimhu liriiartim-nt, ;iii(.i to ii-ii'.ier it su^^ervi^.■n^ to
the final triuuipb ut Si.iii>luial i'Uiistiaiiity." — .hiuy IIarhls, D.D.
'■It is too calm. judi<i(»us, and ficbnlar-like a prodnctiou to lie
allowed to remain unanswered with safety." — Lon. Quar. lieiniw,
July, 1S44.
;i. Hist, Geog. of the Bible, Phila., 1S50, 12mo, pp. 516.
4. Ancient Christianity, Phila., lSo2. 8vo, pp. 045.
'• It is the fruit of labnrious and cnnsii.utiimw research. It is
based upon a dilif;ent study of tlie eoun i s ni iIk ivijun arclia?olofi;y;
and it presents the results in a form ln-tti r jul.qiti.d to our practical
needs than iiiiy similar work. It is clear and also candid in its
BtiLteinents." — Hililiolhfca Sacra, Jan. 1S53.
" Vi'Q know nf 111) work in our languat;e which contains the same
amount of intorniation on the Antiquities of the Church. It is a
M'ork which, we doubt not. will long remain without a rival in that
field." — Princeltm Hevit'w.
b. Historical Text-Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography,
Puila., 1854, r. 8vo; new ed., revised, with Appendix, ISo'J.
*■ Dr. Coleman's style is easy, and adapted to the subject. As he
recApitulates and unfolds the statements of the Sacred writers, in
the tbrm of a continuous narrative, the reader finds himself borne
alont; by the story, with uutl.agsini; interest, from bey.iniiin;; to
end. while so many new liL'bts are thrown upon the subjci;t from
the discoveries of modern research that he hardly remembers that
they are the same tnpies about whieh he has beeu readiuf; and
hearing all his Wi't."— Christian Review.
Coleman, Thomas, 1508-1647. a Puritan divine, a
native of Oxford, was Vicar of Blyton, and subsequently
Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill, London. Serms. and thuo-
log. treatises, 1643-46.
Coleuso, John William, Rector of Forncctt St.
Mary, Norfolk. Works on Arithmetic, Algebra, and Plane
Trigonometry for schools, Lon.
Coleny, Thomas. England and other northern re-
formed Countries reconciled to Pmme, Coimbrn, 1738, 8vo.
Colepepper, J. S, Important Facts, 1793, 8vo.
Colcpepyr, Robert. Proposals rel. to Harbours, fol.
Colepresse, S. Con. to Phih Trans., 1667, 8vo;
Chemistry, Magnetism, Ac.
Coler, Richard. Christian Experience, 1652.
Coleraine, Henry Hare, Lord, La Scala Santa ;
a scale of Devotions upon the 15 Psalms of degrees, Lon.,
1670. '81, ful. The situation of Paradise found out; beino-
the History of a Late Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, 1683,
8vo. This work has been attributed to Lord Coleraine.
Mr. Todd, in his Life of Milton, points this work out as
being the earliest that notices Milton's Paradise Lost.
Coleridge, Rev, Derwent, son of Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, ('/.('.;) b. 1800, and finished his education at
St. .John's College, Cambridge; Prebendary of St. Paul's,
and Principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea. The Scrip-
tural Character of the English Church Considered: in a
Series of Serms., with Notes. &e.. Lon., 1839. 8vo.
'-Written exclusively for perusal, and arran^'ed as a connected
whole.''
Lay Serms. ; 3d cd., 1852. Ed. S. T. Coleridge's Dra-
matic Works, 1852, 12mo. Notes on English Divines,
1S53, 2 vols. 12mo. Poems by S. T. Coleridge, edited by
Derwent and Sara Coleridge, 1852, 12mo.
Coleridge, Hartley, 1796-1849, eldest son of Samuel
Taylor Coleridge, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford.
He lived a secluded life at Grasmere, and on the hanks of
Rydal Water, contributing to Blackwood's Magazine, and
occupied with other literary pursuits. He was a pnet of
no ordinary excellence, and his sonnets are among the
best in modern literature. We may instance The First
Sound to the Human Ear, and Prayer. Mr. Coleridge
pub. BiographiaBorealis; or. Lives of Distinguished North-
men, 1833, 4to. Poems: vol. i., Leeds, 1833, 8vo. The
Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire, 1836. 8vo; new ed.,
by Derwent Coleridge, Lon., 1852, 3 vols. 12rao.
"This collection of Lives is, in our judgment, a work of such
unusual merit, that it seems equally an act of justice to the
author, and a service to sound literature, to rescue it from the
mass of county histories and provincial biographies, with whii'h,
iu consequence of its title, it runs the risk of beiug confuuuded."
— Quarterly Heineiv.
" It is a book which has every title to he popular which a li^ht
and interesting subject, sin'^ular fulness and variety of interesting
matter, and a phiyful brilliancy of execution, cau give." — Edui/-
burgli lin-inv.
'■ As a poet Hartley Coleridge holds a more than respectable
rank. Some of bis pieces are exquisitely heautiful, and there are
not many sonnets iu the language more highly finished thau his:
in these, indeed, his chief streiii;tli lies." — ling. Lit. X'Alh Century.
" Though we do not rank Hartley Coleridge with the greatest
poets, the most profound thinkers, or the most hrilliant essayists,
yet we know of no single man who has left, as his legacy to the
world, at once poems ao graceful, thoughts so just, and cs.says ao
delectable." — Fraser's Afag.: repiinted in Living Age, xxx. 145.
Read this article. See an interesting sketch of Hartley Coleridge,
by a personal acquaintance, George S. HiUard, in Living Age,
xxi. 161.
Life of Andrew Marvell, Hull, 1835, Svo. Essays and
Marginalia, edited by Derwent Coleridge. 18.t1.2 vols. p. 8vo.
See Poems of Hartley Coleridge, with Life by his bro-
ther, Rev. D. Coleridge, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coleridg^e, Henry Nelson, d. 1843, nephew of
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, was educated at Eton and at
King's College, Cambritlge, where he became Fellow. He
accompanied William Haut CoLEniDGE, Bishop of Barba-
does, {q. v.) on his outward voyage. We have the impres-
sions he derived, in his work entitled, Six Months in the
West Indies in 1825 ; anon. : 3d ed., with the author's name,
1832; now one of the series of Murray's Family Library.
He was called to the bar by the Hon. Society of the Mid-
dle Temple in 1826. Mr. Coleridge married his cousin
Sara Henky, daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. (She
is noticed on ]>. 4U6.) As editor of many of his uncle's writ-
ings, the public are under great obligations to Mr. Coleridge,
He edited his Literary Remains, Lon., 1836-39, 4 vols. 8vo;
The Friend, 1844, 3 vols. 8vo; Constitution of Church and
State, 1839, Svo; Biographia Literaria ; 2d ed., edited partly
by H. N. C, and completed by his widow, 1847, 2 vols, in 3,
Svo; Confessions of an Ini[uiring Spirit, 1849, 8vo. Mr.
Coleridge contributed to the Quarterly Review, and was au-
thor of an excellent Introduction to the Study of the Greek
Classic Poets ; 1st ed., 1830 ; 3d ed.. Lon.. 1846, 8vo.
■• Written in that fiesh and ardent spirit, which to the congenial
mind of youth, will convey instruction, in the most effective
manner, by awakening the desire of it, and by enlisting the lively
and buoyant feelings in the cause of useful and improving study;
while by its pregnant brevity, it is more likely to stimulate than
to supersede more profound and extensive research. We sh.all be
much mistaken if it does not become as popular as it is useful.*' —
Quarti'.rhi Rmfw.
Coleridge, James Duke, Vicar of Kenwin and Kea,
Cornwall. Observations of a Parish Priest, or Scenes of
Sickness and Death. Truro, 12mo. Practical Advice to the
Young Parish Priest, Lon., 1834, 12mo.
Coleridge, Sir John Taylor, b. 1790, nephew of
S. T. Coleridge, grad. at Oxford. Ed. Blackstone's Com-
mentaries, with Notes. Lon., 1825. 4 vols. Svo.
Coleridge, John, Vicar of Ottcry St. Mary; father
of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. A Critical Latin Grammar.
" By no means an ordinary production."— Lon. Gent. M'ltj.
Miscellaneous Dissertations arising from the 17th and
ISth Chapters of the Book of Judges, Lon., 1768, Svo.
"The.se dissertations contain a new translation of the above
chapters, with critical remarks on them and on a number of other
pas.sages; besides disquisitions on the l'roseucha^ or the Star
Gods; on the conversive Van, and some other subjects. The
author appears to have been a man of learning and research."—
Oi"me's Bihl. Bih.
^Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, son of the preceding,
1772-1834, one of the most distinguished literary charac-
ters of modern days, was a native of the market-town of Ot-
tery St. Mary, in Devonshire. He received his early edu-
cation at Christ's Hospital, where he became senior-Gre-
cian, or head scholar, and obtained an exhibition to Jesus
College, Cambridge, where he remained from 1791 to 1793.
Finding himself in London without resources or prospects,
he enlisted in the 15th Elliot's Light Dragoons. That he
was not happy in this situation, may be inferred from a
Latin sentence which he one day wrote on the stable-wall
under his saddle:
'■ Eheu ! quam infortuni miserrimum est fuisse felicem !"
This scrap of learning elicited an inquiry on the part of
his captain, which led to the restoration of the young
scholar to his friends. In 1794 he published The Fall of
405
COL
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Robespierre, a Hist. Dranja, and a volume ofPoems; and | ^Wg^;----"-^ ^d^upo^j-^nd n^
the next year two politieal pamphlets — Cunciones ad °°^"^a7e"the"mo5t unrestrained induljjenre to his speech— and
Populum, or Addresses to the People, and a Protest aj^ainst , jj„^y fraught with acuteness and ori;^iuality was that speech, and
certain Bills then pending for Suppressing Seditious ' in what copious and eloquent periods did it flow!
Meetings. At that time he was a zealous Democrat and ' " ' '
a Unitarian, with which sentiments his later tenets pre-
sented a remarkable contrast. Hunger, however, io
Htronger than speculation, and as a means of livelihood,
our young enthusiast — who, with Southey, ^Vordsworth,
and Lovell, had contempLated the establijhment of a Pan-
tisocraoy on the banks of the Susquehanna — consented to
write politics for the Morning Post, a supporter of Govern-
ment. The three friends, instead of emigrating, married
three sisters, Misses Fricker of Bristol. In 1798, by the
liberality of Josiah and Thomas Wedgewood, he was
enabled to spend some time in Germany, where he pursued
his studies with great diligence. In 1812 he pub. a series
of Essays entitled The Friend, which extended to twenty-
seven numbers ; in the year following appeared Remorse,
a Tragedy ; and in 1S16. by the persuasion of Lord Byron,
Christabel was given to the world. This poem, with the
Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Genevieve, attained a
popularity which has been perpetuated to the present day.
To these poetical pieces must be added Zapoyla, a Drama,
founded on The Winter's Tale, pub. in 1818, and some
minor poems. A complete edition of his Poems in 3 vols,
was issued by Pickering, not long before the author's death.
Of his prose works may be mentioned The Statesman's
Manual, or the Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and
Foresight; a Lay Sermon, 1816; a second Lay Sermon,
1817; Biographia Literaria, 1817, 2 vols.; Aids to Reflec-
tion, 1S25; On the Constitution of Church and State, 1830 ;
Lectures on Shakspeare; Table Talk; Theory of Life.
He planned several great works which were never com-
mitted to paper. Indeed, an excessive use of ()pium,
added to a native want of energy, produced an indolent
habit, and lack of application, which were fatal to the pro-
secution of any extensive project. After a wandering life,
residing in the houses of friends, alternately lecturing and
contributing to periodicals, he settled in 1816 with Mr.
Gilman, a physician at Highgate, and remained in his
family until his death in 1834. A month or two before
his decease he composed his own epitaph :
"Stop, Christian passer-ljy! Stop. Child otOodl
And read with i^.-ntli- tireast. Beneath this sod
A poet lies, or tliat wliiih once seemed he;
0 lift a thought iu prayer for S. T. C. !
That he who many a year with toil of breath
Found death iu liio. may hero find life in death I
Mercy, for praise — to be forgiven, for Fame —
He asked, and hoped through Christ. Do thou the .same."
His Poetical and Dramatic Works were pub. in 1847, 3
Tols. Svo. The Friend, edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1844,
3 vols. Svo. Essays on his own Times ; 2d series of The
Friend; edited by his daughter, 1850, 3 vols. Svo. Aids
to Reflection ; 5th cd., enlarged, 1843, 2 vols. Svo. Con-
stitution of Church and State ; edited by H. N. Coleridge,
1839, Svo. Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, &c., edited
by H. N. Coleridge, 1849, Svo. Literary Remains, col-
lected and edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1836-39, 4 vols. Svo.
Biographia Literaria, partly edited by H. N., and partly
by iVIrs. IL N. Coleridge, 183S, 2 vols. Svo; 5th and con-
cluding vol., by Derwcnt Coleridge, 1853, who also con-
templates issuing a Life of his father, and a collected
edition of his works. To his works should be added The
Ideal of Life, edited by Dr. Watson, his Life by James
Gillman, Lon., 1838, 1 vol. Svo, and Joseph Cottle's Remi-
niscences of Coleridge and Southey, Lon., 1847. Svo. As
a conversationist, Coleridge enjoyed a remarkable repu-
tation. He loved to keep the field entirely to himself;
and hour after hour— if the auditors could spare the time-
would he pour forth "things new and old," illustrated by
a " boundless range of scientific knowledge, brilliancy and
exquisite nicety of illustration, deep and ready reasoning,
immensity of bookish lore, dramatic stoiy, joke, and pun."
His friend Charles Lamb gave a significant hint to Cole-
ridge of his propensity to monopolize, in answering the que-
ry of the latter — " Charles, did you ever hear me preach ?"
(When young, he sometimes filled the Unitarian pulpit at
Taunton.) " I never heard you do any thing else," replied
Lamb. Dr. Dibdin gives us a graphic sketch of the impres-
sion produced upon him by Coleridge's conversation :
" I shall never forget the etfect his first conversation made upon
me at the first meeting. It struck me as si.mclliiog not only out
of the ordinary coursw of things, but as an intellectual exhibition
altogether matchless. The party was unusually largo, hut the
presence of Coleridge concentr.ited all attention towards him-
self. The viands were unusually costly, and the l^mquet was at
©nee rich and varied; but there seemed to be no dish like Cole-
The auditorti
seemed' to" be"wrapt in wonder and delight, as one observation
more profound, or clothed in more forcible language than another,
fell from his tongue. . . . For neaily two hours he spoke with
unhesitating and uninterrupted fluency. As 1 retired homeward
I thou"ht a SECOND Jobsson had visited the earth to make wise
the sons of men; and regretted that I could not exercise the
powers of a second lioswEtL to record the wisdom and the elo^
nuence which had that evening flown from the orator's lips. It
haunted me as I retired to rest. It drove away slumber."— Z>!0-
rf/Ti'.s- Ti'cnn'ju'.sccTicy. i. 254.
In his Illustrations of Scripture, Mr. Coleridge was more
largely indebted to Cocceius than to any other commenta-
tor. The reader should procure an essay, reprinted from
the Eclectic Review, entitled, The Relation of Philosophy
to Theology, and Theology to Religion, or S. T. Coleridge,
his Philosophy and Theology. It is to be regretted that
Coleridge did not devote himself in earnest to the prepara-
tion of the great undeveb.ped work which so long haunted
his imagination. We must doubt if he could ever have
succeeded in his ambitious aspirations to " reduce all know-
ledge into harmony"— " to unite the insulated fragments
of truth, and therewith to frame a perfect mirror;" but
that he could have produced a magnum opiii, who can
doubt? To those not familiar with the plaudits of Colo-
ridge's admirers, the degree of admiration which was la-
vished upon him will appear almost absurd. No less a
man than De Quincey speaks of him as
" This illustrious man, the largest and most spacious int-'llect,
the subtlest and most comprehensive, in my judgment, that has
yet existed amongst men."— Literal i/ Jiemimscmccs.
Lord Egmont declares that
" No man had ever been better qualified to revive the heroic pe-
riod of literature in England, and to give a character of weight to
the philosophic erudition of the country upon the contment."—
Ubim/pra. ,
Another most respectable authority gravely records his
judgment:
•' i think, with all his laults, old Sam was more of a great man
than any one that has lived within the four seas in my memory.
It is refreslnng to see such a union of the highest philosophy and
poetry with so full a knowledge, in so many points at least, of
particular fa.;ts."— Dr. .^rnolti: Lultrr to W. W. Hull, Esq.
John Foster, himself a moral philosopher of no ordinary
rank, tells us that
" Ills mind contains an astonishing map of all sorts of know-
ledge while iu his power and manner of putting it to use, he dis-
plays'more of what we mean by the term genius than any mortal
I ever saw, or ever expect to see." _ _ _
A short extract from a well-known and favourite criUc
must bring our article to a conclusion :
" On his incomparable ■ Genevieve' he has lavished all the melt-
in" graces of poetry and chivalry ; in his 'Ancient Mariner' he has
safled, and in his ' Christabel' flown, to the very limits of mven-
tion and belief, and in his chaunt of • Fire. Famine, and slaugh-
ter ' he has revived the vehement strains of the slbjls. or rather
furies, and given us a song worthy of the prime agents of perdi-
tion . His translation of ■ Wallenstein' 1 have heard commended
by good judges, as superior to the drama whose language it pro-
fesses to -re.-ik ; and his ' Remorse,' though a play for the closet
nihil- tliau the stage. h.is p.assages full of p.assion and Are. In
priiM' lii- iiuwirs are not .all equal; he is occasionally, indeed, gra-
pliic and liv.lv. as when he gives an account of his voyage; often
dramatic in the description of his success as a preacher of lay sei^
mons; but he is too frequently obscure and mystical. ... As his
fame will be settled by his best poems, he is as sure of future repu-
tation as any poet of this age."— All.un CuN.NIKoniU : £ii,g. and
Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last bO ytars.
Coleridge, Sara Henry, 1803-1852, only daughter
of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and widow of his ncphcvy,
Henry Nelson Coleridge; h. at Keswick. As the able edi-
tor of her father's works, {q. v..) as a translator, and by her
original compositions, she has added to the family laurels,
'frans. from the Latin of Martin Dobrizhofi'er's Account
of the Abipones, an Equestrian People of Paraguay, Lon.,
1822, 3 vols. Svo.
"My dear (Jau"hter's translation of this hook is. in my judg-
ment, unsurpassed for pure mother English."— S. T. Colebidue.
The reader will find the work a most interesting account
of savage life. Phantasmion, a Tale, 1837, Svo.
" • Phantasmion' is not a poem; but it is poetry from begin-
ning to end. and has many pneras iu it. A Fairy Tale, nnique m
its kind pure as a crystal in diction, tinted like the opal with the
hues of an evei'-springing sunlit fancy."— i"». Quarterly Iltvitw.
Pretty Lessons for Good Children, ISmo.
" With an imagination like a prism, shedding rainbow changes
on her thoughts,' she shows study without the afl^ectation of it,
and a Greek-like closeness of expression."
Coleridge, William Hart, D.D., 1790-1S50, Bishop
of Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands, only son of Luko
H Coleridge, was educated at Christ Church, Oxlord. In
1824 ho was consecrateil the first Bishop of Barbadoe.s,
resigned iu 1841, on account of the failure of his health.
COL
COL
Address to Candidates for Holy Orders in the Diocese of
Barbadoes, Lon., 1829, 12mo. Charges delivered to the
Clergy of the Diocese of Earbadoes and the Leeward Is-
lands, Lon., 1S35, 8vo. Sermons, Lon., 1841, '42.
Coles, Elisha, d. 1688, Steward of Magdalen College,
Oxford ; subsequently Clerk to the East India Company.
Practical Discourse of tJod'a Sovereignty, Lon., 1673, 4to.
14th ed.. 1768.
"One of the most useful and the best known to all experimental
Christians of any written in any languajre." — 1»R. Ryland.
" Coles is equally argumentative, Scriptural, and practical." —
Dr. E. Williams.
" Many good thoughts, but hardly guarded enough." — BiOKEES-
TETH.
Vfm. Sellon wrote an answer to Coles, entitled, Defence
of God's Sovereignty against the impious and horrible As-
persions cast upon it by Elisha Coles, 1770, 12mo. Romaine
commends Coles's Discourse in high terms, and Dr. E.
Williams tells the following anecdote concerning it:
"Wh&n setting out in the ways of God, I found this book sin-
gularly usefuL A carnal minister(who had gravely recommended
for my perusal Dean vSvvift's 'Tale of a Tub') observing my par-
tiality to it, remarked with emotion, 'If the doctrines contained
in that book be true, I am sure to go to hell ;' I then replied, what
I now deliberately confirm; ' If these doctrines be not true, I have
no hope of going to heaven,'"
AVe have read the work with the attention and interest
which the subject demands ; but instead of giving our
opinion of its merits, we consider that we do better by
quoting both pro and con.
Coles, Slisha^ b. about 1640, nephew of the preced-
ing, a schoolmaster, educated at Magdalen College. The
Complete English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1674, 8vo. Short
Hand, 1674, 8vo. In this work he improves upon Mason.
English Dictionary, 1677, 8vo. Dictionary English-Latin,
Latin-English. 1677. 4to; ISth ed., 1772, Svo. Harmony
of the Euur Evangelists, 1671, Svo. Other educational
works. Dictionary of Heraldry, 1725, Svo, (tc.
Coles, Gilbert, D.D. Theophilus and Philodoxus,
Lon.. 1574, 4to ; rel. to Ch. of England and Ch. of Rome.
Coles, Joseph, England to he walled with Gold,
and to have the Silver as plentiful as the Stones of the
Street, Lnn., 1700, 4:to. This prophecy still awaits the
time of its iultilment.
Coles, R. Certayne Godly Exercises, &c., Lon., Svo.
Coles, Thomas. Sermon, 1813.
Coles, Thomas, D.D. Sermon, 1664, 4to.
Coles, William. See Cole.
Colet, John, D.D. 1466-1519, Founder of St. Paul's
School ; entered Magdalen College, Oxford, 14S3 : Rector
of Denington, 1485 ; of Thyrniug in the .same year; Dean
of St. Paul's, 1505. His lectures, and those of his coadju-
tors Grocyn and Sowle, did much to prepare the way for
the Reformation by calling public attention to the Holy
Scriptures. The boldness of Colet excited the animosity
of Dr. Fitz James, Bishop of London. Whilst travelling
on the Continent, Colet became acquainted with Budoeus,
Erasmus, and other learned men, and studied the Greek
tongue, then much neglected in England : so much so in-
deed, that it was a proverb, Cave d Gnects, ne Jlas hxertti-
cue — Beware uf Greek, lest you become a heretic. Its in-
troduction at Oxford was viulently opposed. Colet, whilst
yet living, appropriated his property to the founding of
St. Paul's School. He appointed William Lilly first master
in 1512.
Responsis ad Dissertatiunculam Erasmi de Pavore, Colon.,
1519, 4to. Oratio habita a Doctore Johanne Colet, De-
cano Sancti Pauli, ad Clerum in Convoeatione, anno 1511.
Rudimenta Grammatices £i Joanne Coleto. Decano Sancti
Pauli, Liiudin., in Usum Schol« ab ipso Instituta?, [com-
monly called Paul's Accidence,] 1539, Svo. The Con-
struction of the Eight Parts of »Speech, entitled Absolutis-
simus de octo orationis Partium coustructione libellus.
This, with some alterations and considerable additions,
forms the syntax in Lilly's Gi'ammar, Antwerp, 1530, Svo.
Daily Devotions, Lon., 1693, Svo. Monition to a Godly
Life. 1534, Svo. Epistolte ad Erasmum. Serm. on Rom.
xii. 2, on Conforming and Reforming, Camb.. 1661, 12mo ;
see the Phcenix, ii. iii. 23. Life of Dean Colet, by Dr. Sa-
muel Knight, Lon., 1724, Svo; ditto, by Erasmus, see
Phoenix, ii. 13; and see Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. i. 433;
Statutes of Dean Colet, Lon.. 1816, Svo.
" He [Bishop Fitz .Tames] would have made the old dean Colet
of Paules an heretick for tran.slating the Pater noster in English,
had not the bishop of Canterbury (Warham) helpt the dean." —
Ttndal: aiuwer itntn M. More.
" He should have bin burnt if God had not turned the King's
heart to the ontrarie."' — Lafimcr's ,'^ermons, 1595, 4to.
'■ So exquisitely learned, that all Tully's works were as familiar
to him, as his epistles. He was also no stranger to Plato and Plo-
tinus,whom he not only read, but conferred and paralleled, perusing
the one as a commentary on the other. And as for the matbiina-
tii.-ks, there was scarce any part thereof wherein he was not st-on
above his years." — Wood's account of Colet, iit the time when he
was " licensed to proceed in arts."
The reader, however, is to understand that Colet read
Plato and Plotiuus through the medium of the Latin
translations: Greek was scarce in Colet's college-daya.
The statutes of St. Paul's School require that the master
is to be " learned in good and clene Latin literature, and
also in Greke, if euck mrn/ be gotten,"
Colet, John A. Review of the Life and Writings of
John Wesley, Lon., 1791, Svo. Letter to Thos. Coke and
H. More, 1792, 8vo.
Coleveuman, John. True Alarm, Lon., 1654, fol.
Coley, HeiirV" Clavis Astrologiea, Lon., 1669, Svo;
1676, Svo. Almanack for 1690, &,c. Starry Messenger for
16S1, Lon., 12mo. Coley, once a tailor, became a noted
astrologer.
Coley, James M., M.D. Profes. treatises, 1S06-12.
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children, Lon.,
1846, Svo.
'• A very useful and interesting addition to medical literature."
— Lon, Lancet.
Coley, William. Ague at Bridgeworth, 1785, Svo.
Colgaii, John, an Iri.-*h friar, Mendicant, and Divinity
Lecturer in the University of Louvain. Acta vSauctorum
veteris et Majoris Scotise, seu Hiberniie Sanctorum lusulee,
&c., Lovanii, 1645, fol.
" In this volume he has hooked in most of the old holy-men and
women in England and Scotland: so that even Dempster himself
could not be more intent on multiplying the Scotch army of saints
and martyrs, than Colgau of raising recruits for that of his own
native country." — Bishop Nicolson: Irish Hist. Library.
Acta Triadis Thaumaturgse sive Divorum Patricii, Co-
lumbie et Brigida^, Ac, Lovanii, 2 vols. fol.
" Into these he has transcribed all the long and short lives that
he could meet with, either in print or manuscript, which had been
written of these three £±mous and contemporary saints." — Uhi
supra.
These three vols, were marked in a bookseller's cata-
logue. £20.
Tractatus de Vita Joannis Scoti Doctoris Subtilis, Ant-
werp, 1655, Svo.
Colinson, Robert. Book Keeping, Edin., 1683.
Collard, John, pub. some works under his name re-
versed, (■. c, John Dhalloc. Life. &c. of J. H. Hobera,
Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. Epitome; 2d ed., called The Es-
sentials of Logic, 1796, Svo. Praxis of Logic for Schools,
1799, Svo.
Collard, Thomas. The Fatal Period, 1748, Svo ; on
Ezek. xviii. 31.
College, Stephen. His Trial, Ac, 1681, fol.
Collens, John. To the Anabaptists, Lon., 1660, 4to.
Colics, Abraham, M.D. Surgical Anatomy, part 1,
Dubl., ISll, Svo. Lectures on Surgery, Lon., 1S45, 2 vols.
12mo.
" Even without the precious impress of Mr. Colles's name, any
prar*tii.al man looking over these pages would at once perceive that
he was reading the doctrine of a master in the art." — Bmt. and
For. Medical Review.
Colles, Richard. Reports in Parliament, 1697-1713,
Dubl., 17S9, Svo. This forms vol. 8th of Brown's Cases.
Collet, Henry. Laws rel. to Estates, &c.. 1754, Svo.
Collet, John, M.D. Med. Trans., 1772. Phil. Trans.,
xi. S7.
Collet, Joseph. Sermons, 1713, '42.
Collet, Samnel. Paraphrase on the 7 Cath. Epistlea;
after the manner of Dr. S. Clarke's Parap. on the Evangel.
1734, Svo.
Collet, Samuel, M.D. Restor. of the Jews, 1747.
Collet, Stephen. Relics of Literature, Lon. ,1823, Svo.
" Contains upwards of 260 very amusing .articles, many of them
notices of Hare and Curious Books." — Lon. Literary Gazette..
This is a work which should be in the possession of
every bibliographer.
Colleton, John. Defence of some Priests, Lon., 1602.
Collett, J. Three Discourses, 1774, Svo.
CoUett, Jolm. Sacred Dramas, 1805, 12mo.
Colley, John. Observation con. Religion, 1612, 4to.
Colliber, Samuel. Columna Rostrata : or a Critical
Hist, of English Sea Affairs, 1727. Theolog. treatises,
1719. *34. '35, '37.
Collier, Arthur. Clavis Universalis; or a New In-
quiry after Truth, Lon., 1713, Svo. Serms., 1713, '16, '30.
Collier, Giles. Answer to E. Fisher's 15 Questions,
Lon., 1656. 4to. Vindicise Thesium de Sabbato, 1656.
Serms.. Oxf.. 1661.
Collier, Miss Jane. Art of Tormenting, 1753, 4to.
New edit., entitled The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting,
407
COL
with proper rules for the exercise of that agreeable study,
Lon., lSi)4. 8v(i. What a subject for a lady's pen !
Collier, Jeremy, 1660-1726, au Knglish Nonjuring
bishop of great celebrity, was b. at Stow-with-Quy, in
Cambridgeshire. His father and grandfather were both
clergymen of the Church of England. In 166"J he was
admiitcd a poor scholar of Caius College, Cambridge. He
was urilained deacon in 1676, and took jtricf^t's orders the
year following. After officiating for some time at the
Countess-dowager of Dorset's in Knowle, in Kent, in 1679
he removed to the rectory of Ampton, near St. Edmund's
Bury in Suffolk. In 1685 he removed to London, and ac-
cepted the post of lecturer at Gray's Inn. He pub. a
Sermon in 1686, and The Office of a Chaplain, in 1688.
At the Revolution he refused the oath of allegiance, and
with that undaunted courage and zeal which always dis-
tinguished him, he openly espoused the cause of James II.,
and vindicated the refusal of his Nonjuring brethren. We
remember au acute observation of Mr. Burke, to the effect
that it is sometimes as necessary to .'^atisfy people with
what they have dune, as it is to stimulate those to action
who are undecided. It was somewhat such conviction as
this which caused Bishop Burnet to put forth in 1688 his
Inquiry into the present State of Affairs, and in particu-
lar whether we owe Allegiance to the King in these cir-
cumsUinces, and whether we are bound to treat with him
and call him back again, or not ? The Bishop says " not/'
very decidedly :
" He having given that just advantage ap-ainst himself, which
came after all that series of injiistii'i? and violence that had gone
before it. no man ran think that it was not very fittiiiir to carry
it as far as it would pn. aud not to treat him any more upon the
foot of acknowledirinj; him kiug."
This elicited from Collier an answer under the title of
The Desertion discussed in a letter to a Country Gentle-
man, Lon., 16SS. In this reply the author states that there
was no abdication on the part of James, and that there
were no grounds, from the laws of the realm, to pronounce
the throne void in consequence of a retreat impelled by a
fear of personal dauger. Edmund Bohun answered this
treatise, and takes occasion to give a very high character
of Collier:
" The author of it is my acquaintance and a person for whom I
have a great esteem, both on account of his profession, and of his
personal worth, learning, and sobriety. &c."
For this free expression of his opinions, our worthy Non-
juror was seized and committed to Newgate, where he
remained for some months. He pub., in 16S9, A Transla-
tion of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Books of
Sleidan's Commentaries; Vindici Juris Regii, or Remarks
upon a Paper entitled An Enquiry into the Measures of
Submission to the Supreme Authority; Animadversions
upon the modern Explanation of 2 Henry VII., chap, i.,
or a King de facto. In 1690, A Caution against Incon-
sistency, ifec. Dr. Sherlock's Cause of Allegiance consi-
dered, 1691. For a number of years afterwards, indeed
until the time of his death, he was in the habit of attack-
ing his opponents by minor publications, in which his zeal
and honesty were very apparent. The most important of
his works we shall notice presently.
So conscientious was he, that being admitted to bail, the
government having the second time arrested him, he be-
came satisfied that he had done wrong in thus tacitly ad-
mitting the power of the government to exercise any legal
authority: he therefore delivered himself up to Sir John
Holt, who, as we may readily suppose, when the good
divine had explained his scruples, did not at all hesitate
to exercise authority so far as to commit him to the King's
Bench. He was, however, speedily released on the appli-
cation of his friends.
The kingdom was thrown into great commotion in 1696
by the discovery of what has since been called the Assas-
sination Plot. An insurrection was to be promoted in fa-
vour of James, and King William was to be assassinated,
or made prisoner. On the 3d of April, Sir John Freind
and Sir William Perkins were executed for treason at Ty-
burn. On this occasion, Collier and two other clergymen,
Cook and Snatt, attended the unhappy men on the scaffold,
and administered absolution to them ; although they bad
justified what was styled their treason, in a paper delivered
to the sheriff immediately before their execution. This gave
great oflence, and led to the imprisonment of Cook and
Snatt in Newgate, whence, however, they were speedily
released without a trial. Collier aI.>?conded, and was out-
lawed. Nothing daunted, however, by these frequent con-
flicts %vilh the government, the courageous Jeremy put
forth a Defence of his Absolution given to Sir W. Perkins
at the place of Execution, Lou., 1694. In 1713 Collier
lOd
COL
was consecrated a bishop by Dr. Hickcs, one of the Non-
juring clergy. Dr. Hickes had received consecration at
the hands of the deprived bishops of Norwich, Ely, and
Peterborough. Collier was a man of estimable character,
and, as we shall presently see, one of the greatest literary
benefactors ever enjoyed by England. One of his princi-
pal works was Essays upon Several Moral Subjects, part 1,
piib 1697; part2,n03; part .3,1705. Part 1 consists of
six Essays: 1. Pride. 2. Clothes. 3. Duelling. 4. Ge-
neral Kindness, b. The Office of a Chaplain. 6. The
weakness of Human Reason. The four first arc in dia-
logue, written with great spirit and vivacity. The two last
are continued discourses.
'■ That on the cffice of a chaplain is particularly laboured, and
has been looked upon as the author's masterpiece."
The Second Part contains Seventeen Discourses : 1. Fame.
2. Music. 3. The Value of Life. 4. The Spleen. 5. Eager-
ness of Desire. 6. Friendship. 7. Popularity. 8. The
Immateriality of the Soul. 9. The Entertainment of Books.
10. Confidence. 11- Envy. 12. The Aspects of Men.
13. Despair. 14. Covetousness. 15. Liberty. 16. Old
Age. 17. Pleasure.
Several of these arc written in dialogue, but most of them
are discourses.
" They are all of them calculated to inform the nnderstanding,
reform the manners, and to give a right turn to the thoughts of
the reader."
In the Third Part the author treats of— 1. Pain. 2. Re-
venge. 3. Authors. 4. Infancy and Youth. 5. Riches
and Poverty. 6. Debauchery. 7. Drunkenness. 8. Usury.
9. The Character of an Apostle. 10. Of Solitude. Then
follows several miscellaneous pieces.
*'If we abate the tioweriness of the languape, which was tho
fashion, I will not say the tault, of that time, it will be difluult to
find any essays more capable of affording a rational pleasure than
those of our author."— I>R. Campbkll.
In 1701 Collier pub. in 2 vols, folio, a translation with
additions of Moreri's Great Historical Dictionary, under
the title of The Great Historical, Geograi)hical, and Poeti-
cal Dietionary. This was well received; and in 1705, a
third volume appeared, under the title of A Supplement,
&Q.- and in 1721. a fourth volume, called an Appendix,
was published. This bulky work is now in little request,
although very curious and worth more than the few shil-
lings a.vked for it by the London booksellers.
Before we notice' the most useful purpose to which Col-
lier applied his very respectable talents, we shall devote a
few lines to the truly valuable Ecclesiastical History of
Great Britain, chiefly' of England, from the first planting
of Christianity, to the death of Charles 11. ; with a brief
account of the affairs of religion in Ireland, collected from
the best ancient histories, councils, and records, Lon.,
1708-14, 2 vols, fob, {v. jjont for notice of a new edit.)
This work called forth severe animadversion from three
bishops, Nicolson of Derry, Burnet, and Kennett. But
our doughty warrior, who cared neither for kings nor
bishops, when he considered them in the wrong, and be-
ing " every inch" a bishop himself, again set the press to
work, and levelled his batteries against Bishops Burnet
and Nicolson in 1715, and despatched Bishop Kennett
two years later. At one period the price of this work
had fallen very low.
" I have seen many a copy sold for little more than waste paper.
But the age of book-vandalism is past." — Dibpin.
It contains much matter not to be found in Mosheim,
especially many curious particulars relative to the theolo-
gical publications of the 16th century. Dr. Campbell
speaks hit^hly of this work:
"The method in which this history is written is very clear and
exact, his authorities are constantly cited hy the author, bis re-
marks are .'^hort and pertinent, and with re-'-pict to the disserta-
tions that are occasionally inserted, they are such as lend to illus-
trate and explain those perplexed points of which they treat, and
contribute thereby to the clearer understanding of the narration,
. , . Taking the whole together, it will be found as judicious .and
impartial a work, as the world, in doing justice to his talents,
could have expected it."
See conclusion of this article.
We now proceed to notice one of that small number of
books — of which the Letters of Pascal and the Romance
of Cervantes are instances— which have been found suffi-
ciently powerful to effect a revolution in public opinion,
or to awaken sufficient opposition to real or supposed evils,
publicly tolerated, to drive them into obscurity, or brand
them with disgrace. Our good bishop lived in those evil
days of corruption of morals which followed the stern
morality which distinguished the ascendency of the Puri-
tans. From the sjilcndid antechamber of a depraved mo-
narch, to the humble tenement of the obscure artisan, the
"pestilence" of licentiousness "wasted at noonday/* lack-
COL
ing even sufficient remains of rirtue to make it willing to
wait for the twilight, with the less shameless libertinism
of the days of Job. This was pain and grief of heart to
the zealous Nonjuror. Compelled to dwell among them,
he "in hearing and seeing rexed his righteous soul from
day to day," with that which, whilst he earnestly deplored,
it seemed hopeless to try to remedy.
That master painter, Mr. Mac.iulay, has given us a
sketch, in his own graphic style, of the morals of the time :
"Then came those days, never to be recalled without a blush—
the davs of servitude %vithout loyalty, and sensuality without
love, of dwarfish talents and gigantic vices, the paradise of cold
hearts and narrow minds, the golden age of the coward, the bi'.-ot,
and the slave. The king cringed to his rival that he mi"ht tram-
ple on his people, sunk into a viceroy of Frauce. and pocketed with
complacent infamy, her degrading insults, and her more dei-rad-
ing gold. The caresses of harlots, and the jests of bulfoous. regu-
lated the m&asures of a government, which hadjust ability enough
to deceive, and just religion enough to persecute. . . . Crime suc-
ceeded to crime, and disgrace to disgrace, till the race, accursed
of 6od and man, was a second time driven forth, to wander on
the fece of the earth, and to be a by-word and a shaking of head
IB the nations."— .Mu,TON : Ed. Iteneio, xlii. 304.
The unsound condition of public and private morality
was faithfully reflected in the drama, and ostentatiously
displayed upon the stage :
"During the forty years which followed the Restoration, the
whole body of the dramatists invariably represent adultery- we
do not say as a peccadillo— we do not s,ay as an error which the
violence of passion may excuse— but as the caDingof a fine .rentle-
man— as a grace without which his chai-acter would be imperfect.
It IS as essential to his breeding and to his place in society that
he should make love to the wives of his neighbours, as that be
should know French, or that he should havea sword at his side
In all this there is no passion, and scarcely any thing that can be
called preference. The hero intjigues, just as he wears a wi-; b(^
cause if he did not, he would be a queer fellow, a city pri<'. per-
haps a Puritan .Ml the .igreeable qualities are always gi?en to
tne gaUant. .411 the contempt and aver.^ion are the portion of the
nnfortun.ate husband. ... The dramatist evidently does his best
to make the pei-son who commits the injury graceful sensible
and spirited, and the person who suffers i't a fool, or a tyrant, or
both. —Oimic Dranialistsof the Xcstoratmn.
There is nothing too wicked, nothing too absurd, to lack
advocates and apologists. Therefore we need not be sur-
prised to find Dennis, Drake and Filmer abetting, Leigh
Hunt defending, and Charles Lamb apologizin"- for, such
literary satyrs as Wycherly, Congreve, Farquhar, Van-
brugh, and, we are sorry to add, John Dryden.
The stage seemed to present an available point of attack
on the unclean monster of social corruption, and Collier
resolved to commence the war of e.Mtennination on its
stronghold. In 109,8 he published A Short View of the
Immorality and Profanencss of the English .'^tac'e. to-
gether with the Sense of Antiquitv upon this Argument.
In the preface to this work, nowbef^ore us, he briefly states
the object of his critique, and the necessity existing for a
rebuke of the character attempted :
'• Being convinced that nothing has gone further in Debauching
the Age than the .Stage-Poets and Pl.ay-House: I thought I could
not employ my Time better than in writing airainst them These
men. sure, take Virtue and Regularity for Great Enemies; why
else IS their disalTection so very remarkable? It must be said
they have made their attack with great Courage, and gained no
very inconsiderable Advantage. But it seems, Lewdness without
Atheism is hut half their Business. Conscience might possibly
recover, and Revenge be thought on : and therefore like Foot-Pads
they must not^only Hob but .llurther. . , . I confess I have no
Ceremony for Debauchery. For to Complement Vice, is but one
Remove from worshipping the Devil."
The first charge is the immodesty of the stage, and the
natural consequences of such indecency. He shows that
the theatres of the Greeks and Romans were far less guilty
in this respect than the English theatre. In the latter
part of the first chapter, he quotes the testimony of Ben
Jonson. Beaumont and Fletcher, .and Corneille a<'ainst the
abuses which he condemns. Chap. 2d is entitled "The
Profanencss of the Stage," which is proved by instances
of • Cursing and Swearing." " Blasphemy," "Abuse of Re-
ligion and the Holy Scriptures." He brings this grave
charge against the writings of Dryden. Congreve, Otway,
and Vanbrugh. Chap. 3d is entitled, " The Clergy abused
by the Stage. Chap. 4th considers the subject of " Im-
morality encouraged by the Stage." Chap. 5th is devoted
to miscellaneous reflections. " Remarks upon Amphytrion,
On the Comical History of Don Quixote." &c. In chap 6th
he reinforces his position by citations from Heathen philo-
sophers. Christian fathers, and Catholic councils. The
sale of this work was so large, that the 4th edition lying-
before us liears the date of 1699; the first was published
March 1697-9S.
That Collier, like zealous disputants generally, may in
some instances have stretched his indictment too far, and
mistaken levity for sin, and want of taste for want of de-
COL
conim, can be allowed without denying him the character
to which he is justly entitled, of the Reformer of the Eng-
lish Stage. Not by any means that he cleansed entirely
the .Augean Stable. He removed some abominations, but
many remained, and exist in destructive vitality to this
day. From that time to the present, the English and
American theatres have been the prime corrupters of the
morals of the people. The Stage is emphatically the
School of Vice. We have sometimes pleased ourselves
with the speculation that the drama might be purified, and
made an agent of innocent amusement, and historical,
perchance even moral, instruction : but we almost despair
of such a renovation. Certain it is, that conducted as
our theatres are at present, taking together that which is
acted upon, behind, and before the stage, we consider
that no one who has a proper regard for the interests of
morality can consistently lend his influence or counte-
nance to such demoralizing exhibitions.
If it should be thought that we are too severe in our judg-
ment, we answer that the facts of the case are in this, as
in every other question, the best evidence. This evidence
will prove that three out of every four young men who be-
come victims to licentiousness and intemperance are first
introduced to vice through the medium of the theatre. As
to the other sex — how fathers can permit their daughters,
I husbands their wives, lovers the objects of their afl'ections,
to have their eyes and ears offended by what must be hearcl
and witnessed by those who visit the theatres, is marvel-
lous indeed !
But to return to our subject. Collier's vigorous charge
threw the ranks of the enemy into great confusion. Hia
proofs were too strong to be evaded; his cause too good to
be disgraced by ridicule, ^\"hen they had a little recovered
from the shock, Congreve made a feeble attempt at a de-
fence, which he entitled Amendments of Mr. Collier's false
and imperfect citation from the Old Bachelor, the Double
Dealer, &c. Vanbrngh also came to the rescue of his sorely-
berated production, in a pamphlet which he called A Short
Vindication of The Relapse and the Provoked Wife. Nor
were these all. Collier had disturbed a hornet's nest : Set-
tle, and Dennis, and Drake, attacked him with impertinent
buzzing, though unalde to sting. Wycherley was suspected
of being one of his assailants. Dr. Filmer took sides
against the redoubtable Nonjuror in A Defence of Plays,
which had better have been unwritten.
But a man who had the courage to deny the right of a
king to his throne, and to beard bish^rps upon their bench,
was not to be intimidated by a few licentious poets and
their apologists. He followed up his first fire with unwa-
vering resolution, in the following publications; L A De-
fence of the Short View. Jtc, being a Reply to Mr. Con-
greve's Amendments, Ac, and to the Vindication of the
author of the Relapse. Lon., 1699. 2. A Second Defence
of the Short View, being a Reply to a Book entitled The
Ancient and Modern Stages Surveyed, Ac, Lon., 1700.
This "Book" was written by Dr. Drake. 3. A farther Vin-
dication of the Short View, ic., in which the objections of
a late Book, entitled A Defence of Plays, are considered,
Lon., 1708. 4. Mr. Collier's Dissuasive from the Play
House ; in a letter to a Person of Quality, occasioned by
the late calamity of the Tempest, Lon., 1703.
Collier's victory was not only decided, but overwhelming.
Dramatists and actors from that time felt that a healthful
public sentiment was in action, which would call them to
account for at least heinous ofl'ences. and they become more
circumspect, if not really more virtuous. " It was not a
little to the credit of Dryden, that he attempted no defence
of that which he doubtless felt to be indefensible. He did
not even put forth th.at most foolish of all pleas, which we
are sorry to see sometimes used on behalf of others by
writers who should know better, that he was no worse than
the prevailing tone of the times. If this be a valid defence,
how shall the world ever grow better? How did Collier
happen to be better than the times? Had they not the
same code of morality, in the inspired volume, two hun-
dred years ago, that we have now? To hear such apolo-
gists, we might suppose that the Scriptures were a recent
grant to mankind. Some years later, indeed, Dryden, in
referring to the subject in the preface to his " Fables," en-
tered a protest against the rough handling he bad received,
and put in a plea to mitigate the force of the sentence,
but he winds up with a confession which is to the credit
of his candour. He finds fault with Collier's rudeness,
and the "horse play of his raillery," and decl.ares that "in
many places he has perverted by his glosses the meaning"
of what he censures; but he admits that he is justly con-
demned;
COL
" I have pleaded giiiltT to all thoughts or expressions of mine
that can he truly accused of obscenity, immorality, or profaneness.
If Mr. Collier." lie continues, "bo mine enemy, let him triumph;
if he be my friend,— as I have given him no personal occasion to
be otherwise,— he will be glad of my repentance."
Dr. Johnson, in his Life of Congreve, gives an animated
description of the battle between Collier and the Dramatic
poets. Of the assailant, he remarks:
•'Hew,as formed for a controvertist; with suflicient learning;
with diction vehement and pointed, though often vulgar and in-
correct: with uncontjuerable pertinacity; with wit in the bi;;hest
degree keen and sarcastic; and with .all those powers exalted and
invigorated bv just confidence in his cause. Thus qualified, and
thus incited.'he walked out to battle, and assailed at once most
of the living authors from Drvden to D'Urfey. His onset wa.s vio-
lent ; those passages, which while they stood single had passed
■with little notice, when they were accumulated and exposed to-
gether, excited horror; the wise and the pious caught the alarm; i
and the nation wondered why it had so long sulfered irreligion
and licentiousness to be openly taught at the public charge. No-
thing now remained for the poets but to resist or fly. Dryden's |
conscience, or his prudence, angry as he was, withheld him from
the conflict. Congreve and Vanbrugh attempted answers. . . . |
The stage found other advocates, and the dispute was protracted
througli ten years:— but at last Comedy grew more modest: and [
Collier lived to see the reward of his labour in the reformation of
the theatre. Of the powers by which this important victory was
achieved, a quotation from ' Love for Love,' and the remark upon
it, may afford a specimen :
'"Sir Sampson Sampson's a very good name ; for your Sampsons
were strong dogs from the beginning.
'■'^Trp'/icn.— Have a care! If you remember, the strongest
Sampson of your name puU'd an old house over his head at last!'
" • Here von have the Sacred History burlesqued : and Sampson
once more' brought into the house of Dagon to make sport for the
Philistines.' [Collier's Comment."]
For a graphic sketch of this controversy, and of the
dramatic poetry of the time, we refer the reader to Mr.
Macaulay's Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Edin-
burgh Review, January, 1841. The Reviewer admits the
occasional errors in his indictment, into which an honest
zeal betrayed the author of the Short View, but agrees
with the verdict of the day, that
'• When all these deductions have been made, great merit must
be .allowed to this work. There is hardly any book of that time
from which it would be possible to collect specimens of writing so
excellent and so various. To compare Collier with Pascal would
indeed he absurd. Yet we hardly know where, except in the
Provinci.Tl Letters, we can find mirth so harmoniously and becom-
ingly blended with solemnity, as in the Short View. In truth, all
the models of ridicule, from hroad fun to polished and antithetical
sarcasm, were at Collier's command. On the other hand, he was
complete master of the rhetoric of honest indignation. AVe scarcely
know any volume which contains so many bursts of that eloquence
which comes from the heart, and goes to the heart. Indeed the
spirit of the book is truly heroic. . . . Congreve's answer was a
complete failure. He was angry, obscure, and dull. Even the
Green Room and Will's Coffee House were compelled to acknow-
ledge, that in wit the parson had a decided advantage over the
poet."'
Collier has received ample commendation from many
quarters :
'• I question whether any man can read Swift's Tale of a Tub. or
Don Quevedo's Visions, without finding himself the wor.se for it.
In regard to all such indiscreet applications of wit, every young
student may guard his mind, and rectify bis .iudiment. by read-
ing Mr. Collier's View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the
English Sta,ge; a book which brought Drvden to repentance, and
doe's indeed' beggar every work upon the same argument. It is
the triumph of\vit over scurrility: of piety over profaneness: of
learning over ignorance; and of Christianity over Atheism." — Ldf^-r
from a Tutor In Ms Pupils.
"It was certainly a very bold thing in Mr. Collier to attack at
once the Wits and Witlings of those times: among the first were
Mr. Dryden. Mr. Congreve, and >Ir. Vanbrugh; among the hatter,
were Tom Durfev and many more: hut he is certainly to be com-
mended for forming so good a design as th.at of reducing the stage
to order, and thereby preventing the morals of mankind from be-
ing corrupted, where they ought to be amended "—Dr. Cimpbeu..
'•The public opinion ran so much .against the defenders of the
theatre, .and in f;ivour of their enemy, that King William consi-
dered Mr. Collier's book as a work which entitled the author of it
to some lenitv in a prosecution then carrying on in conser|uence
of errors in his political conduct."— iVe/ace to Sup. to Dodsley's
Coll. nf Old Plays.
Cibher observes that the calling our dramatic writers to
this strict account had a very wholesome efl'cct upon those
■who wrote after this time. They were now a great deal
more upon their guard; indecencies were no longer wit;
and by degrees the fair sex came .agtiin to fill the bo.xes on
the first day of a new comedy, without fear or censure,
■We may be allowed to repeat the opinion that neither at
that, nor at any subsequent time, has the bo.x of the theatre
been the most proper place in the world for a modest and
refined woman. In concluding our notice of this warm-
hearted, e.xemplary. and truly excellent divine, we should
not forget to metition that Father Courbeville speaks in
the highest terms of Collier's Miscellaneous Works, which
he decl.nres set him on a level with Montaigne, St. Evre-
410
COL
mond, La Bruyere, &c. He made a translation of the Short
View iuto French, which gave him an oipportuuity of re-
newing his commendation. Collier has been suspected of
a leaning to popery, because, towards the close of his life,
he "mixed water with wine in the Eucharist, made the
sii'n of the cross in confirmation, employed oil in the visi-
tation of the sick, and offered up prayers for the dead."
But we have many instances of an adoption of some par-
ticular ceremonies, and even doctrines of ecclesiastical
communion, whilst other portions of the same code are ve-
hemently denounced. ^
Bishop Burnet indeed complains of our author s iccle-
siastical History on this wise ; , , u
'■There appeared to me quite through the second volume, sucn
' a constant inclination to favour the popish doctrine, and to cen-
i sure the Reformers, that I should have b:.d a better opinion of the
author's integrity, if he had professed himsell to be not of our
communion, nor of the communion of any other Protestant Church
1 —PrefaK to tht Hist, oflht Keformatiun of the Cl.urcU of Lngland.
I Now we believe the bishop to have been a truly honest
man. mtiny opinions to the contrary; but the charges of a
party writer, and veteran disputant, must always be re-
i ceived with caution, and Bishop Burnet was " a man of war
from his youth."
We are pleased to notice the appearance of a new edition
of Collier's Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, from
the first planting of Christianity to the Reign of Charles
the Second, with a brief Account of the nfiairs of Religion
in Ireland, with Life of the Author by Thomas Lathbury,
the Controversial Tracts connected with the History, and
a new and much enlarged Index, 9 vols. Svo, 18o2.
'■ There are onlv two writers of the genuine History of our Church
who deserve the 'name of historians, Collier and I'uller. —Bishop
Warbvrlnn's Directions to a Student in Thmlrg!/.
'• Collier died in the vear 17'26; his Church History is still one of
our most, if not the most valuable of our Ecclesiastical Histories,
and all his works display talents of no ordinary kind."— Lathbury.
Collier, Joel. Musical Travels through England,
Lon , 1774, Svo, '76 and '85, 12mo. This is a burlesque
of the Musical Travels of Dn. Bi'knet (q. r.) Alexander
Bicknell wrote part of it, and Peter Beckford the latter
Collier, John. Compendium Artis NauticiB, 1729.
Collier, John. Jewish History, Lon., 1791, 2 vols.
Svo. Life of Christ, &c., 1797, 2 vols. Svo. Animation
and Intellect, 1800. Svo. Reanimation from the Repro-
duction of Vegetable Life, and the renewal of Life, alter
Death, in Insects, 1809. Svo. _
Collier, John. Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq., in Prose
and Verse, with Life of the Author, by John Corry Roch-
dale, 1S19, r. Svo. Other pub. under name of Tim Bobbin,
176i '62, '6;), ISIO.
Collier, John. Essay on Charters, Newc, li i7.
Collier, John Dve. Law of Patents, L.ra., ISC,
Svo. Life of Abrtiham Ncwland, Esq., ISOS, 12mo.
Collier, John Payne, b. in London, 1789, was en-
tered a student of the Middle Temple at the age of 20, but
found the attractions of Elackstone insuflicient to overcome
the blandishments of Elizabeth.an literature. He occa-
sionally relieved his poetical studies by contributions to
the Morning Chronicle, the Literary Review, the Edin-
burgh Magazine, &c. In 1820 he pub, in 2 vols. r. 8vo,
The Poetical Decameron, or Ten Conversations on English
Poets and Poetry, particularly of the Reigns of Elizabeth
and James. The reader should secure this work.
'• Few books lately published contain so much valuable and ori-
ginal information." — Hallam. ,ooo mi •
The Poet's Pilgrimage, a Poem, appeared in 1822, Ihis
was an early composition. In 1825-27 he pub. an edit, of
Dodslev's Old Plays, to which he added six dramas, and
in a su'pplementarV vol. (1S2S) he pub. five more dramas
temp. Elizabeth. In 1831, in 3 vols. p. Svo, appeared his
excellent History of English Dramatic Poetry to the Time
of Shakspeare, and Annals of the Stage to the Restoration.
" As an authoritv in all points connected with the history of the
stage the production of Mr. Collier not only stands alone in our
literature, but it may be said, that he has so thoroughly sifted and
discussed the subiect. as to have left little or nothing to reward
the labour of future inquirers."- i»». Mw Mm Mug., Aug IS61.
" A valuable record of the British Stage."— JMrop»i., Aug IbJl.
Mr. Collier now found a labour of love in the compila-
tion of a Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of Lord
Ellesmere's Collection of Rare English Books. This was
privately printed. In his examination of the treasures of
Lord Ellesmere's Library, Mr. Collier discovered some
precious documents, which threw much light upon the his-
tory of onr (for we Americans claim a property m Shaks-
peare) great dramatist, and from those papers and other
records, he compiled his New Facts regarding the Life of
Shakspeare, pub. in 1836. In the next year appeared New
COL,
Particulars, and in 1839, Fi.rtber Particular?, eoBcernin.'
the same "great argument." In l.S-i2-44 appeared the
result of more tlian thirty years' toil, in the shape of a new
edit, of The Works of Shal;speare, the text formed from
an entirely new cllation of the old Editions, with the va-
rious Readings, Notes, a Life of the Poet, and a History of
the Early English .Stage, 8 vols. Svo; new ed., 1858, 6 vols,
8vo. See Lon. Athen., No. 1592. This work was preceded in
1S41 by a List of Reasons for a New Edition of Shakspearc's
Plays, which should be studied as a model for all editors.
Mr Collier is entitled to the praise of bavin? brourrlit toRether
all the known facts that in any way bear upon the life of Sbaks-
peare.' — Lon. Spectator.
tu'""''!!'?; y™re of unwearied rese.ircb into the history of bis au-
thor entitle Mr. Collier to be beard."-£o,i. Alhmnum
Ibe most perfect text with the fewest possiMe notes Whoever
wants to know what Shakspeare wrote must refer to Collier's edi-
tion. — ijim. Slontlihf ^fog(tz^np..
Mr. Collier's Memoirs of the Principal Actors in the
Plays of Shakspeare appeared in 18i6. In lUl Mr. C
pub. A Book of Ro.'iburghe B.allads.
J'J}/:^^"^^'", ','!!''v,"V!"'i ^''""'* i°'*'-«'i"K and v.alnable addition
to ou> store of old ballads by the puhIi.-ation of this volume, which
embra.-es a cl-iss almost wholly overlooked by former editors."-
ix»i. JJ -filing Chrf'ii'de.
rare"""' '"'"'"''''^ volume is a treasure of curiosities, rich as well as
it,'^°A^^''^ appeared Shak.speare's Library, a Collection of
the Ancient Romances, Novels. Legends. Poems, and His-
tories used by Shakspeare as the foundation of his Dramas.
JNow first collected, and accurately reprinted from the Ori-
ginal Editions, with Introductory Notices, 2 vols. 8vo.
Ihis va uable work places in the hands of the reader, for a
few shillings, matter that could before have been purchased
only oy an outlay of hundreds of i)ounds, and which was
in many eases altogether inaccessible. In the same year
Mr. C. pub Extracts of the Registers of the Stationers'
Comp.any of Books entered for publication, 1555-70. In
the midst of his many labours, Mr. C. has occasionally
found time o promote the objects of three societies in
which he l^elt deeply interested :-he has edited several
Hilnf fl 1 ^t""^''^ '■'•"'' S'^-k'^Peare Societies, and con-
tributed to the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries,
of which body he was made Vice-President in 1850. But
It IS by his hast publication that Mr. Collier has produced
a ternblo e.witement among the antiquaries and ,4akspea-
rian critics, red .and mock. In 1S« Mr. C. purchased
fiom Thomas Rodd a folio Shakspeare of 1632, which
proved to be full of emendations, which a little c.xamina-
re nect nf,1 " . 1?^^ Possessor were entitled to great
IuTs5^\fr C '"'f'l'g™' annotations of an early hand,
lu lSo2 -Mr. C. put forth a volume with his newlv-found
treasures displayed to the eyes of a curious worli. The
' rnl^royn"' them, certainly-were in ecstasieL
„„ '".''.l"*? f "V O'^n anticipations, and in spite of Mr Collier's
«r. we ven™e to think nf ^''"'7 ^""^ ^^'^ ?'^'^° to the world,
see also the Lon. Examiner, Jan. 29, 1853; Morning
n l?5v'Ben' m''' ''"''• ^-'"-'P'» Mercurv Feb^
zine Mai'ch iLV b'^'T' ^"^^ ^' ^''^^- F^^er's^Maga-
h " f, r h.^If ; . ' '■''°'.''° "'""' ""^^ bad been fight-
we"re bv n , mef "J'^ "^f '*''" "■ '^°'-''° "emendations,"
ZZl t] disposed to swallow twenty thousand at
Mr ^rir ''"""'""'^to'-^ K^^e "l.'.rrid note of war,'"and
Mr. Co her was soon stoutly assailed by those who felt
themselves so far outdone in "emendations." Of cmirse
2'nZ'T7"^l\ P"'"'™ °f=^ Recorder, not of a JuXe:
do not proless o have any opinion upon the snbieet The
siTtlf; r ' "^'''^ "■''"' J'»"''Von., 1853) will i!
sist the reader in his inquiry: and he is also referred toli
volume, pul. in New York, 1854. entitled Shak ^eare's
Scholar, by Richard Grant White, A M
Collier, Jo.seph. Obs. on Iron and Steel; in Soc.
of Mancljos. Mem., v. 109. '
Collier, Joshua. Double Entry, 1?96, 4to.
COL
Collier, Nathaniel. Sermons. 1714-5')
Collier, R, P A Treali.se on the Law' relating to
Mines, Lon.. I.SI'.I, 1 vol. 8vo; Phila, 1S53
follicr, Thomas. Sermons and theolog. treatises.
Collier, W., d. 1803, aged 61. Poems. 1800, 2 vols. 8vo.
Collier, William. Sermons, 1744, Ac
Collisnou, I harles, M.D., d. 1785. Profe.-^. of Ana-
tomy in the University of Cambridge. Compendium Ana-
tomieo Medicum. Ac, 1756, 4to. The Human Body. Canib.,
1794. 8vo. Medicina Politica, .ic. Lon., 1765. 8vG. .Moral
and iMedical Dialogue, Lon.. 1769, Svo. Miscell. Works
Lon., 1786, 4to. Con. to Phih Trans., 1772.
Collin, Nicholas, Rector of the Swedish Churches
Pcnnsylvani.a. Con. to Trans. Americ. Soc., 1799: 143.
476. 519: phikdogy, etc. '
Colling, James K. Details of Gothic Architecture,
Lon., 18o0-62, 4to. Gothic Ornaments drawn from Chris-
tian Authorities, Lon., 1847-50, 4to.
■■ Every contriliution towards a more accurate know!ed-e of our
ancestors is worthy of commendation, and the work bel'oie us is
one of the most elaborate which has been published with this ob-
'^.■, ^'"' '■"'""'■s are ma.rnihcent, and beautifuUy printed."— i,.-«
tivil hiiijiiieer mill Archit'ct.
•■To young Architects the series will he invaluable."— JcrnArj
JScwspiip'')-.
Collinges, or Collings, John, D.D., 1623-1690, a
Nonconlormist divine, educated at Emanuel College. Cam-
bridge, w.as ejected from the living of St. Stephen's, Nor-
wich, in 1662. He wrote a portion of the commentaries
in Poole s Annotations on the Bible, and pub. a number
of serms. and theolog. works. See Watt's Bibl. Bib. Par
Nobile, Lon.. 1669. Svo. A Cordial for a Fainting Soul,
IboL, 4to. Discourses of the Actual Providence of God
lbj8. 4to.
■■ ^\ h.it Colliugs has written on Providence is well performed "—
Cotton Mather. ^
"Scriptural and spiritu.al."— Bickebsteth.
'■ A man of great worth and reputali..n. one of general learning,
signal piety, and eminent nnuisteiial aMlities. He was a spiritui
father to beijet many souls to Christ by the Uospel. He was emi-
/™1"'.< ';,i;:.'',:,°' '°'' '° ■"■"■■"'^ '" saints."-C„/amy. Nonci.^
Collings, John. Life and Death of Marv Simpson;
with her Funeral Sermon, 1649, 4to.
Collingwood, Francis. The House-Keeper, Lon.,
1(92, 8vo, '
Collingwood, G. L. N. Memoirs and Correspond-
T-.'il "I '^'ice-Admiral Lord Collingwood, Lon., 5th ed.,
1837, 2 vols. 12mo.
■•It is a work which will occupy a permanent place in the Ene-
!ish Library. Ihe portrait of one English worthy more is now
secured to posterity."— Z™. Quarterlij Kn\
'■We do not know when we have met with so delightful a book
?,.",. b"';,"''/^■''w"^."■\''■,'' "care so well pleased with ourselves
101 Oeing deJiylitcd. — Lilm. Btrvieiv.
Collingwood, John. The Church, Apostolic Pri-
mitive, and Anglican : a series of Serm.s., Lon., 1850 8vo
Collingwood. Thomas. Con. toMcd.Com.,1785 '93
Co nine, William. Fanatics Dissected, 1660, 4to.
Collins. .Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Collins. Chapter of Kings, Lon., 16mo.
,„£""'"*' Anne. Divine Songs and Meditation. Lon.,
Jb53, sm. Svo. A very rare volume. Priced in Bibl. An^lo-
Poet. £18. There is an edit. 1658, sm. Svo.
"Her poetic turn and moral sentiment are both deservinir of
praise." See I!estitut.i, iii. Ii-i-7. ifii)-|. ueservmg oi
Collins, Anthony, 1676-1729, a native of Heston
near Huunslow, in Middlesex, was educated at Eton and
King s College, Cambridge. He was entered a student in
the Icmple, but soon abandoned the law for the cultiva-
tion of such literary pursuits as might strike his fancv.
Unfr.rtun.ately. ho selected a dep,artment far beyond his
depth,— theology. Essay concerning the Use of Reason
&c., Lon., 1,07, Svo. In the same year he took part in
the controversy between Dodwell and Samuel Clarke re-
specting the natnr.al immortality of the soul. On this sub-
ject Collins pub. four pieces, 1707, 'OS. Priestcraft in
Perfection, 1,10, Svo. This work attacks the XXth Arti-
cle of the Church of England. It elicited .several answers
and comments, (see prefatory epistle to Dr. Bennefs Ess^iv
T^^^u^^^- ^'■"'■les. ins, 8v,),) which were responded
!,?.^-^.f"'l»f •" l"24in hisHisLand Crit. Essav on the
;Vro V ^'''.eles. ^ indication of the Divine Attributes,
i/tu, Svo. Discourse on Frecthinking, 1713 8vo This
work caused much excitement, and Collins, alarmed a«
.was supposed at the noise he h.ad created, took a trip
(the second) to Holland, and remained on the Continent
for some months.
.,„7»",t"''' 7°'^ ColIin.s inveighs against the vices of the clerirr
and attempts to prove that the divisions among ChrLtians arf^
proof of the uncertainty of their prmciples."-Coat,E
«1
COL
COL
Several answers appeared, and the great Dr. Bentlcy
despatched tlie Discourse at a single blow in bis Remarks
upon a Late Discourse of Freethiuking, in a Letter to F.
H.. D.D., [Dr. Francis Hare,] in two parts, by Pliilileuthe-
rus Lipsieijsts, Lon., 17L3, Svo, 1719; and Cumb., 1743,
8vo. In the next year, 1714, Lon., Svo., Dr. Hare pub.
The Clergyman's Thanks to Philileutherus, &c. Bentley's
"Work was trans, into several foreign languages.
'• It should be stu(lii_-d by every man who is desirous of forming
just notions of biblical criticism. His observations ou the vaiious
readini^s of the New 'I'estament are especially worthy of attention."
— Ormb: Bibl. Bib.
Philosophical Inquiry concerning Human Liberty and
Necessity, 1715, '17, Svo: trans, into French, and printed
by Des Maizeaux in the Recueil de Pieces sur la Philoso-
phie, &c.. Amst., 1720, 2 v(ds. 12mo. A Discourse of the
Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion, 1724, Svo.
" In Ibis the auth'ir maintains that Christianity derives no con-
firmation fiom the prophecies of the Old Testament." — Bogue.
This discourse was replied to by Whiston, Bishop Chan-
dler, Dr. Samuel Clarke, Dr. Sykes, and Dr. Sherlock, and
others ; no less than 35 answers appeared. Whiston treats
" Collins and Toland in very severe terms, as guilty of
impious frauds and laycraft."
In 1720 Collins pub. Scheme of Literal Prophecy con-
sidered, in view of the controversy occasioned by a late
book, entitled A Discourse of the Grounds, Ac., Hague, 2
vols. 12mo; with corrections, Lon., 1727, Svo. Letter to
Dr. Rogers on his 8 serms. concerning the Necessity of
Divine Revelation, Lon., 1727, Svo.
'■ Collins is one of the most subtle and mischievous of his tribe.
He rejects as inadmissible every kind of testimony in behalf of
Christianity, except that which may be drawn from Piophecy li-
terally accomplished ; and this he represents as the sole and exclu-
sive evidence on which our Lnrd and bis Apostles I'ested the proof
of the Christian Faith."— Bishop Van I\Iildi:rt.
See Leland's Deistical Writers; Collier's Eccles. Hist. j
Whiston's Life; Biog. Brit.; Curll's CuUec. of Letters.
Collins, Arthur, 16S2-1760, a laborious antiquary
and heraldic writer. Late in life be received a pension of
£400 from George II. Peerage of England : first ed.,
Lon., 1709, Svo; many edits.; the 3d ed., being the last
pub. under the superintendence of the author, contains
memorials and letters of Henry, Earl of Northumberland,
which were suppressed in the subsequent edits. A new
edit., augmented and continued to 1S12, was pub. by Sir
Egerton Brydges in 1812, 9 vols. Svo.
'■ The work of Sir Egerton Bryd^'es is one of the highest value.
In the hands of a man of genius the annals of the noble families
of Enj!;land acquire all the historical interest that the subject de-
mands."
Baronettage of England, 1720, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., en-
titled An. Hist, and General Account of Baronets, &c.,
1742, 2 vols. Svo.
"This work is of necessary reference to the genealogical writer,
as containing accounts of families which became extinct previous
to any subsequent publication." — Lowndes.
The English Baronage, 1727, 4to, vol. i.; all pub. This
was intended as a specimen of a Baronage upon an ex-
tended plan. Life of W. Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 1732, Svo.
Proceedings, Precedents, kc. on claims and controversies
concerning Baronies, (tc, 1734, fol. Antiquaries, and
members of the legal profession, should have this volume
on their shelves. Life, &,q. of Edward, Prince of Wales,
sou of Edward IIL, 1740, Svo. Family of Ilarley, 1741,
Svo. Sidney's Family Collections of Letters and Memo-
rials of State, 1746, 2 vols. fol. Hist. Collections of the
Noble Families of Cavendish, Holies, Vere, Harley, and
Ogle, Lon., 1752, fol. Compiled at the request of the
Countess Dowager of Oxford.
"The merit of Collins's works is unquestionable, and to the
present day they have continued the great authorities to which
all subsequent writers on the same subject have had recourse." —
MOUT.E.
"To the industry of Collins this country owes an account of its
Kobility which few others can show, and certainly none more cor-
rect in gpnealot,^ical detail." — Dall\wat.
Collins, C. T. Summary of Mosheim's Eccl. Hist.,
Lon., 1S22, 2 vols. Svo. The Lost Church Found, 2d ed.,
1837, 8vo.
Collins, Charles, D.D., born 1813. at Cumberland,
Maine. Graduated at Wesleyan University, 1S37. Presi-
dent of the Emory and Henry College, Va., from 183S to
1852; in which year he became President of Dickinson
College, Pa. Principal work, Methodism and Calvinism
compared. Has contributed extensively to the Methodist
Journals of U. S.
CoUius, Charles. Icones Avium, cum nominibus
Anglicis: Designed )iy C. Collins, H. Fletcher, and J.
Myrdc. Sc, 173t); 8 Engravings.
Collins, David; 1756-lSlO^ Judge Advocate of New
South Wales, subsequently Governor of Van Dieracn's
Land. Account of the English Colony in N^ew South
Wales, with some Particulars of New Zealand from Lt
Gov. King's MSS., <fec., Lon., 1798-1802, 2 vols. 4to.
" A singularly curious and painfully interesting Journal, which
may be considered as a sort of Botany Bay Calendar." — Iaiti.
Qu'irterh/ Jiiri'W.
Collins, Francis. Voyages to Portugal, Spain, Sicily,
Malta, Asia Minor, Egypt,&c., 1794-1801, Lon.,lS08, 12mo.
Collins, G. W. The Stamp Acts, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Collins, Greenville. G. B. Coasting Pilot, 1693, fol.
Collins, Hercules. Theolog. treatises, 1673-1702.
Collins, J. Sermons.
Collins, John, 1G24-I6S3, <an eminent mathematician,
a native of Wood Eaton, near Oxford, contributed greatly
to the diffusion of mathematical knowledge. Description
and use of three Quadrants, Lon., 165S, 4to. Gcomet. and
Arithmet. Navigation, 1659, 4to. Geomet. Dialling, 1659.
4to. Commercium Epistolicum, «tc., 1712, 4to. Other
publications.
'• Collins was the register of all the new improvements made in
the mathematical science; the magazine to which all the curious
had recourse; and the coramon repository where every part of
useful knowled^;e was to be found. It was on this accouut that
the learned styled him ' the 3']n{rlish Mercenus.' "
See Biog. Brit.; Martin's Biog. Philos.
Collins, John M., and Ludlow, James R., editors
of the 2d Amer. edit, of Adams's (John, Jr.) Equity. 1S52,
Svo. The value of Mr. Adams's work ou The Doctrine of
Equity can hardly be e.xaggeraied. It is a commentary on
the Law as administered by the Court of Chancery ; being
the substance, with additions, of three series of Lectures
delivered before the Incorporated Law Society of London,
in the years 1842-45. The volume was pub. in Nov., 1849,
shortly after the death of the author, who had added his
final corrections to the whole of the work, with the excep-
tion of the last four cha]>tcrs of the fourth book. The 3d
American ed., by H. Wharton, reflects great credit on the
editors and publishers.
" The task of the American editors has been well performed.
Their notes are frequent, able, and full. Over two thousand crises
from our reports have been added. The typographical execution
of the work is of the highest order. In paper and printing, no
law books in the United States surpass the recent publications of
the Messrs. Johnson." — Americini Law HegisUr, Nov., lSo2.
" The character of the work is well established, as is proved by
a demand for a second edition in this country, whose value is
much increased by the labours of its American editors." — Judge
Gbier.
"The notes of Mr. Ludlow and Mr. Collins have been prepared
carefully, and embody very fairly the American decisions on the
topics discussed in the text.'" — Judge Kaxe.
" Of the value of the original work I need not speak. The pre-
sent edition has been ably and carefully enriched with annotations,
which add greatly to its value. The notes are judicious and accu-
i-ate."' — Judge Sharswood.
*' The arrangement is clear and comprehensive; the doctrines
are generally stated with accuracy, and the whole subject is judi-
ciously presented." — E. Spencer Miller.
"It is a treatise of great merit and oriirinality." — James P. IIOL-
COMBE, Prof.nf Equity in the Univ. nf Virginia.
" It is a work of great intrinsic value, enhanced by the judicious
and well-selected notes of Jlessrs. Ludlow and Collins, and I doubt
not will be highly esteemed by the profession." — S. Greenleaf.
Collins, Joshua, an assumed name. Address on the
Choice anil use of Books, Lon., 1S02, 8vo ; 4th ed.. 1S05,
12mo; new ed., revised and enlarged by Rev. Saml. Catlow,
1812, 12mo.
" This little book contains the best list of English works known."
^Watt.
Collins, Nicholas. Summary of the Statutes con-
ceruiuLT Justices of the Peace: 4th ed., Ififi.S, 12mo.
Collins, R. N. Sunday School Teacher's Companion,
with introdnc. Essay by Kev. Dr. Moore, Lon., 184.3, Svo.
It is a standincr reproach to selfish men, styled Christians,
that Sunday Schools should ever lack teachers.
Collins, Richard. Country Gauger's Vade-Mecum,
1677, Svo.
CoMins, Richard. Serms., 1705, '15, '16.
Collins, Samuel. Serms., Ac, 1607, '12, "17.
Collins, Samuel, M.D. The Present State of Russia,
Lon., 1(171, 12mo.
*' We can answer for thislittle 12mo comprising a fund of amus-
ing matter infinitely more copious than many very large and fine
works, and that upon not very dissimilar subjects." See Keview
in the Lon. Retrospective Rev., xiv. 32, 1S26.
Collins, Samuel. Paradise Retrieved; or the Me-
thod of manao;inp; and improving Fruit Trees ; with a Trea-
tise on Melons and Cucumbers, Lon., 1717, Svo.
Collins, Thomas. The Penitent Pnblican, 1610.
The Tcares of Love, or Cupid's Projcresse, 1615, 4to. Seo
extracts from this poetical tract in Todd's Milton.
Collins, Thomas. Physic and Chlrurgery,lC58,8vo.
COL
Collins, Thomas. Disscrtatio do Frisiila; Lava-
tionis Antiiiuitato et nsu in Medicina, Lyons, 1720, 4to.
Collins, Thomas. Serms., 17S7, '94.
Collins, Thomas. Eeady Reckoner, ISOl, 24mo.
Collins, W. Memoir of Goorgo Morland, 180B.
Collins, Walsingham. Address to Rep. in Parlia-
ment, Lim.. 1778, Svo.
Collins, William, 17211-1756. a lyric poet of the first
rank, was a native of Chichester, and educated at Win-
chester School, and Queen's College, and Magdalen College,
O.vford. Whilst at Winchester he wrote his Persian Ec-
logues, which were puh. in January, 1742.
"In simplicity of description and expression, in delicacy .and
softness of numbers, and in n.ituial and unatfected tenderness,
they are not to be equalled by any thing of the pastoral kind in
the Enjjlish lan};u.ige." — Langhorne.
*' In bis last illness be spoke with disapprobation of his Orient.il
Eclo;,'ues. as not sufficiently expressive of Asiatic manners, and
called them his Irish Eclogues."— it/s by Dr. Johnson.
About 1744 he came to London, "a literary adventurer,
with many projects in his head, and very little money in
his pockets." He pub. Proposals for a History of the Re-
vival of Learning, planned several tragedies, and designed
many works which he never wrote.
" His grciit fault was irresolution; or the frequent calls of im-
mediate Tier, ssity broke bis scheme, and suffered him to pursue
nosettled pm pose.''— Dli. JoHrisO!(. See Disraeli's commcuts upon
Johnson's remarks : Calamities of Authors.
In 1747 he pub. his Odes, hnt excellent as they were,
they were entirely neglected, and Millar, the publisher, was
a loser liy the operation. In 1749 the unsuccessful poet
received a legacy of £2000 from the executors of his uncle,
Colonel Martin, who h.ad previously befriended him. Ho
paid Millar the money which he had lost by the Odes, and
threw the remaining copies into the fire. An irregular
life had combined with mortification and disappointment
to unsettle his mind, and to avert the fearful calamity with
which he felt him.self threatened, he travelled for some
time in France, in hopes of benefit from change of scene.
But he returned home to enter that sad mansion — a luna-
tic asylum ; from which he retired to the house of his sister
at Chichester, where he died at the early age of thirty-six.
Johnson visited him at Islington, and gives .an alfecting
account of the interview. Collins held a volume in his
hand. " I have but one book," he remarked, "but that is
the best," It was a copy of the New Testament. Several
edits, of his works have been pub. ; one of the best of which
is that by Rev. Alexander Dyce, which includes the Life Ijy
Johnson, and Observations on his Writings by Dr. Lang-
horne, Lon., 1827, r. Svo. See Collections of English
Poetry by Johnson, Bell, Anderson, i'c. The Odes on the
Passions, To Evening. To the Brave. To Mercy, and On
the Death of Thomson, can never become obsolete. We
append some opinions upon the works of this truly excel-
lent poet:
'■ The works of Collins will abide comparison with whatever
Milton wrote under the age of thirty. If they have rather less
exuberant wealth of genius, they have more exquisite touches of
pathos. Like Milton, ho leads us into the haunted ground of
imagination : like him. he has the lich economy of expression hal-
lowed with thought, which bv single or few words often hints
entire pictures to the imHgimition. . . . Had he lived In eiii..v .lud
adorn existence, it is not easy to conceive his sensiiiie t|iiti> and
harmonious ear descending to mediocrity in any ].allj <>i j hy:
yet it may he doubted if his mind had not a passion for the vi-
sionary and remote forms of imagination too strong and exclusive
for the general purposes of the drama."— Cnmnteifs Lives of the
B^eLs.
'■ One of our most exquisite poets, and of whom, perhaps, with-
out exaggeration, it ni.ay be asserted, that he partook of the cre-
dulity and enthusiasm of Tas.so, the magic wildness of Shakspeare
the sublimity of Milton, and the pathos of Ossian."— ZlraJe's iii'c'
rari/ Hours.
" He had a wonderful combination of excellencies. United to
splendour and suljlimity of imagin.ation, he had a richness of eru-
dition, a keenness of research, a nicety of taste, and an elegance
and truth of moriil reflection, which astonished those who had the
luck to be intimate with him." — Sir Egerton Hrydoes.
"Of all our minor poets, that is. those who have attempted only
short pieces, Collins is probably the one who has shown most of
the higher qualities of poetry, and who excites the most intense
interest in the bosom of the reader. He soars into the regions of
imagination, and occupies the highest peaks of Parnassus His
fancy is glowing and vivid, but at the same time hasty and obscure
Ho has the true inspiration of the poet. He heats and melts ob-
jects, in the fervour of liis genius, as in a furnace." — H.\zlitt.
" His diction was often harsh and unskilfully laboured and in-
judiciously selected. He affected the obsolete when it was not
worthy of revival ; and he puts his words out of the common
order, seeming to think, with some later candidates for fame, that
not to write prose is certainly to write poetry. His lines com-
monly are of slow motion, clogged and impeded with clusters of
consonants. As men are often esteemed who cannot be loved, so
the poetry of Collins may sometimes extort praise wdien it gives
Uttle pleasure." — Johnson : Lives of the Eyiglish roets.
COL
"Though utterly neglected on tlicir iirst appearance, the Odes
of Collins, in the course of one gcneralion, without any adventi-
tious aid to bring them into notice, were acknowledged to be the
best of their kind in the language. Silently and imiierceptilily
they had risen by their own buoyancy ; and their power was felt by
every reader who Iiad any poetic feeiing." — Southey.
An excellent ed. of Collins's works was edited by Mr.
Thomas and puh. Lon.. 1858, Svo.
Collins, William Wilkie, h. 1824, in London.
1. Memoirs of his Father, William Collins, E.A., the cele-
brated painter. Lon., 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" Sometimes the son describes a picture as happily as the father
painted it." — Lon. £xami7ter,
"Most interesting and instructive volumes. In speaking of
himself, he describes with much simplicity a frame of mind well
calculated for the achievement of distinction in any walk of life,
but more especially in the profession of art." — Lmi. Art Journal.
2. Antonina; or. The Fall of Rome; 2d ed., 1860. 3.
Rambles beyond Railways, 1851, Svo. 4. Basil, 1852. 3
vols. p. Svo; 1856, 12mo. 5. Mr.Wray's Cash-Box, 1852,
12mo. 6. Hide and Seek, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. After
Dark, 1856, 12mo. 8. Dead Secret, 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"Mr. Wilkie Collins has justitied the expectations that were
formed of him on the appearance of his tirst acknowledged romance,
'Antonina.' Since then he has gone ou steadily improving, each
work making progress on the preceding one; and this, we believe,
is the nmst acceptable praise that can be oflered to an artist. In
his earlier works he delighted in the morbid anatomy and painful
delineation of monstrous growths of miscalled liuman nature. As
his mind has matured and mellowed, it has become healthier. Mr.
Wilkie Collins has his faculty of invention well under control; and
he keeps clear of extravagance either iu style or incident. '■ — Lon.
jK/icn., Mar. 1, 1856: After Dark.
His works have been translated into French and German.
Collinson, G.D. A Treatise on the Law concern-
ing Idiots, Lunatics, and other Persons Non Compotes
Mentis. Lon. 1812, 2 vols. Svo.
"Collinson on Lunacy, I take this occasion to say. is a valuable
work, both for doctrine and precedents, on this melancholy sub-
ject of the humau mind in ruins." — Cil.\NCELLon Kent.
Collinson, John. Lifeof Thuanus, 4c.,Lon.,lS07,8vo.
" It is said that Lord Chancellor Hardwicke resigned the seals
that he might have leisure to peruse Thuanus's History."
The best edit, of Thuanus's Historiam sui Temporis is
Buckley's, Londini, 1753, 7 vols. fol. Analysis of Hook-
er's Eccles. Polity, 1810, Svo. Key to the Fathers; being
8 Sermons at the Bampton Lecture, 1813, Svo,
" We recommend this work either as a key to those who are de-
sirous of scrutinizing these rich treasures of antiquity {the Fa-
thers) in the course of their own labours; or as the best substitute
for them, to those who wish only to be generally acquainted with
their contents." — British Critic.
Preparation for the Gospel, Ac, 1S30, Svo.
Collinson, John. ISeanties of British Antiquity;
selected from the writings of esteemed Antiquaries, Lon.,
1780, Svo. Hist, and Autiq. of the County of Somerset,
Bath, 1791, 3 vols. 4to.
Collinson, Peter, 1693-1768, an eminent botanist,
a native f>f Westmoreland, contributed many valuable pa-
pers to the Phil. Trans. See 1729, '44, '60, '65, '69, '64,
'67. A paper of his relating to the Round Tower at Ard-
mere in Ireland will be found in Archajologia. i. 305, 1770.
This was answered by B. 0. Salusbury, in p. 80 of vol 2d.
An Account of P. Collinson was printed, not pub., Lon.,
1770, 4to. Dr. J. C. Lettsom pulj. in 1786, Svo, Memoirs
of Drs. Fothergill, Cuming, Cleghorn, Russel, and Col-
linson. A Tribute to Peter Collinson was contributed by
the late Wm. H. Dillingham of Philadelphia to the Biblical
Repertory, Princeton, (New Jersey.) anil since pub. in
pamphlet form. See also Nichols's Literary Anecdotea
for notices of Peter Collinson.
Collis, Edward. Medical treatise, Lon., 1791, Svo.
CoUisson. M.A. 17 Sermons, 1848, 12mo.
Collop, John. M.D. Poesy revived. Odi Profanum
VulgusotArceo.Lon.. 1666, Svo. Iter Satyricum, 1660. 4to.
Collot, A. G., b. 1796, in France. Settled in America.
Complete Study of French, 6 vols. French and English,
and English and French Dictionary, Svo, pp. 1300. Phi-
ladelphia, 1863.
"A very valuable and reliable work.''
Colls, John H. Poetical and dramat. works, 1785-
1805.
Colly, Anthony. Golden Purging Pills, 1671. 4to.
CoIIypr, IJ. Fugitive Pieces for Schools, 2vols. ]2mo.
CoUyer, David, 'Vicar of Great Coxwell, Berks.
The Sacred Interpreter, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. Svo.; trans,
into German in 1760. Several English edits. ; the last
Lon., 1831, Svo.
" This work is calculated for readers in general, and is a good
popular preparation for the study of the Holy Scriptures."— Bishop
Marsh.
Also recommended by Bishops Watson, Lloyd, Van
Mildert, Drs. E. Williams, Burton, and others.
COL
COL
" It is not a profound or critical book; but it is a tolerable in-
troduction to the Scriptures." — Or.siE.
CoUyer, J. 1. Sermon. 2. Remarks, 1S12.
Collyer, John. New Game Act, Lon., 1831, 12mo.
Crimiual Statutes, &c., Analyzed and Arranged, 1832,
12mo. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, H. T., 1S44
to U. T., 1845,1845-47, 2 vols. r.Svo., continued by Messrs.
Be Gex and Smale. Practical Treatise on the Law of
Partnership, 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Lon.. 1840, 8vo.
1st and 2d ed., American edits., by W. Phillips and E.
Pickering, Springfield, 1834-39; 3d Amcr. edit., l)y J. C.
Perkins with large addits., Boston, 1848j and 4th Amer.
edit., with Perkins's notes. 1S53.
" In the preparation of this work, Mr. Perkins has rendered a
l>enefit to the profession which should not pass unnoticed." — Law
Keporter.
" The best English treatise on the law of partoeiship is unques-
tionably that of Mr. Collyer. as cont-iining a full .^tittt'ment of the
principal decisions of Lord Eldon. whnge subtle and powerful ]e<za\
intellect pre-eminently distincuished itself in cases of partnership
and Imnkruptcy." — Warretrs Law Sludics, 761.
Collyer, John B. Sermon, 1806. Charge, 1846.
Collyer, Joseph, d. 1776. Parent's Directory, 1761.
Trans, from the German : Noah, 1767, 2 vols. 12nio. Hist.
of Lady iS., 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. Continuation of Klopstock's
Messiah, commenced by his wife, Marv C<t]lyer, pub. in
1763, 2 vols. 12mo. Collyer also pub. the Hist, of Eng-
land, 1775. 14 vols. 12mo, and assisted in writing a Geog.
Hist, and Biog. Diet, of the World, 1772, 2 vols. foL His
works are now forgotten.
Collyer, Mary, d. 1763, wife of the preceding. Let-
ters from Felicia to Charlotte, Lon., 1750, 3 vols. 12mo.
Trans, of Gesner's Death of Abel, 1761, 12mo. She com-
menced a trans, of Klopstock's Messiah, but did not finish
it. It was completed by her husband, and pub. in 1763,
2 vols. 12mo.
Collyer, William Bensro, D.D., d. 1854, Minister
of the Independent Chapel, Peckham. Lectures on Scrip-
ture Facts, Lon.. 1807; On Scripture Prophecy, 180y: On
Scripture Miracles. 1812: On Scripture Parables, 1815 ;
On Scripture Doctrines, 1818; On Scripture Duties, lS20j
On Scripture Comparisons, 1822; in all 7 vols. 8vo.
"The popular Lectures embrace a multitude of important sub-
jects, and afford strong proofs of the laborious diligence of the well-
known author. They do not contain mu<-h liiblical criticism or
interpretation; which indeed would scarcely have suited the wri-
ter's plan and subject. But they contain many interesting views
of the diversified topics which they discuss, and coustantly weave
the leading principles of the evangelical system into every subject."'
— Orme: Bihl.Bib.
Dr. Collyer pub. some other works.
Collyn, Nich. Justice of the Peace. Ac, 1650, 8vo.
Collyns, W., Surgeon. Ten Minutes' Advice to my
Neighbours, on the Use and Abuse of Salt as a Manure,
Exeter, 1827, 8vo.
Colman, 31iss. First Lesson in French, Pbila.,
16mo. Ladies' Casket, 32mo. Ladies' Vase of Wild
Flowers. 32mo.
Colman, 3Irs. The Bridal Keepsake, New York,
1850, Svo. Innocence of Childhood, New York, 1850.
'• Mrs. Colman wiites in a style so easy and so true to nature,
that the stories contained in tliis little book cannot fail to please
the youthful mind." — Boston Ti--iv^cnpt.
Colmau, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1673, at Boston, and
first minister of the Brattle Street Church, graduated at
Harvard College, in 1692. He pub. many sermons and
other works, for an account of which see his Life, by his
son-in-law, Mr. Turell, 1749, Svo. Evangelical Sermons
Collected, 1707, '22, 3 vols.
'• The rejider will find some of the most spiritual and evangeli-
cal subjects trtiated with a vein of good sense and true piety, and
sacred truth agreeably represented." — De. Isaac VTatts.
Colman, George, 1733 ?-1794, was the son of Thomas
Colman, British resident at the court of the Grand Duke of
Tuscany, at Pisa. George was born at Florence, but placed
early in life at Westminster School, where he attracted at-
tention by his talents and application. He was elected to
Christ Church College, Oxford, in 1751, and took the degree
of M.A. in 1758. Upon coming to London he studied law,
and was entered of the Society of Lincoln's Inn; but poetry
and the drama were more congenial to his tastes, and Little-
ton and Blackstone were soon abandoned. His first drama-
tic piece. Polly Honeycomb, was acted at Drury Lane in
1760, with great success ; and his reputation was increased
by The Jealous Wife, which appeared in the next year.
When quite young, he had contributed some excellent pa-
pers to The Connoisseur, and about 1761 he pub. many hu-
morous pieces in the St. James's Chronicle, (of which he
was proprietor,) in which Bonnel Thornton, his old ally in
the Connoisseur, was also a writer. In 1761 Lord Bath,
a connexion,Ieft him a handsome anuuitv, which was in-
creased l>y tlie demise of General Pulteney (Lord Bath*a
successor) in 1767. In 1764 he pub. a Trans, of the Come-
dies of Terence, into familiar English blank Verse, 4toj
and 1768. 2 vols. Svo. This publication displayed uncom-
mon al.iilities.
'■A better translation cannot be expected ; it is such as Terence
deservfd, and done by a man of almost equal comic powers with
himself." — Db. A. Clakke.
In 1768 he became one of the proprietors of Covent-
Garden theatre, from which he soon retired, and subse-
quently conducted the Haymarket theatre. He wrote
pieces (the list of his productions includes 35) for the stage,
and traus. others from the French. In 1783 he pub. a new
Trans, of Horace's Art of Poetry, with a commentary, in
which he ovei-throws Dr. Hurd's hypothesis of the origin
of this work. In 1789 he lost his reason, and died in 1794.
His Dramatic Works were pub. in 1777, 4 vols. Svo. This
collection does not contain all of his dramatic publications.
His Miscellaneous Works were pub. in 1787,3 vols. 12mo;
and some particulars of his Life, written by himself, in
1795, Svo.
*' As a scholar he holds a very respectable rank, as may be seen
by his translations of Horace's Art of Poetry, and of the'comedies
of Terence; and his manners were as pleasing as his talents were
respectaltlc."
See Biog. Dramat. ; Pref. t«rthe Connoisseur.
Colman, <;eorge, the younger, 1762-1S36, son of the
preceding, was educated at Westminster School, Christ
Church College, Oxford, and King's College, Aberdeen.
He wrote many plays, of which The Iron Chest. 1796, was
perhaps the most striking, and John Bull the most profit-
able. Sir Walter Scott commends the latter highly. See
Biog. Dramat. He also pub. My Nightgown and Slippers,
1797, 4to; enlarged and repub. under the title of Broad
Grins, Lon., 1802, Svo; 8th edit., 1S39, 12mo.
'• Few books have caused more loud lauphs than the Broad Grins
of George Colman the younger: it is a happy union of mirth and
the muse, and good jokes are related in so agreeable and facetious
a manner, that they can scarcely be forgotten." — Lon. Lit. Oiron.
"■ What antic have we here, in motley livery of red and yellow,
with cap on h^ad. and dagger of lath in hand? It is the king's
jester, a prof-sstd dmll. strangely gifted in all grimace, who pulls
faces, and .sells l'i ins bv the yard'. For the impudent joke he baa
scarcely an eijual," — )yef,(vii7ister Jieview.
Poetical Vagaries, 1812, 4fo. Vagaries Defended, 1813,
4to. Eccentricities for Edinburgh; Poems, Edin., 1816,
Svo. Poetical Works; Broad Grins, Vagaries, and Eccen-
tricities, Lon.. 1840, 24mo, The 1st edit, of The Iron Chest,
1796, Svo, contains severe strictures on John Philip Kem-
ble. In the later edits, these were cancelled. Kandom
Recollections, 1830, 2 vols. Svo.
'MVe consider these volumes to offer the most amusing, if not
the best, specimen of Dramatic Memoirs hitherto offered to the
public." — Court Jmtrvah
Colman, Henry. Serm., 1711, 4fo. Essay.
Colman, Henry, 1785-1S49. b. Boston. Reports of
the Agriculture uf Massachusetts, Boston, 1840, &c. Euro-
pean Agriculture and Rural Economy; 4th ed., 1S51, 2
vols. Svo. Agriculture and Rural Economy of France,
Belgium. Holland, and Switzerland, 1848, Svo. European
Life and Manners. 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. Sermons, 2 vols.
Colman, Morsran. Genealogies of K. James and Queen
Anne, his wife, from the Conquest, 160S, 4to. See Granger,
Colman, W. La Dance Machabre. or Death's Duell,
Lon., 16.'J-, 12mo. See British Bibliographer, ii. 463.
*• Though not perform'd with that poeficke fire,
Tbe niceness of our present times inspire;
He spoyles the operation of a pill,
Conformeth it onto the patient's will."
Poem Iry the '* aut?tor to ?iis hook.'*
Sold at Reed's sale. 6661, £7 lbs.
Colmore, 3IattheAV, Oratio Funebris, &c., Oxf.,
1613. 4to.
Colnett, James, Capt.,R.N. Voyage to the South
Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, for the purpose of extending
the Spermaceti Whale Fisheries, and ascertaining the Is-
lands, Ports, &c., Lon., 1798, 4to. This Voyage was made
in 1793, '94. and extended Northward as far as the coast
of California.
Colnett, William, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1711, 4to.
Colpitts, T. Improvements in Police. 1803, Svo.
Colquhoun, Mrs. Maurice, the Elector of Saxony,
Lon.. 3 vfds. p. Svo.
*' Mrs. Colqnhoun has spared no pains or research to make her-
self mistress of her subject. It has all the merits of a sterling
history." — Lnn. Literarv Gazette.
"Interwoven with hist<>riial facts, we have a romance of stirrine
adventure. The fa'iliiy ..f invention displayed is reniarlialile. It
teems with incidents, TIih style is fluent." — Cmn-t Junriial.
CoIq!!hoiin,T).C. Animal Magnetism, Lon. .3 vol.s.Svo.
Colqnhonn, J.C. Education in Ireland. Cbelt., 1838,
12mo. Hints on the cpicstion now affecting the Church of
COL
COL
Seotlantl, Glasg., 1840, 8vo. Isis Hevelata: Peven Lec-
tures on Somnambulism; trans, from the German of Dr.
Arnold WieuhoU, Lon., Svo.
'' A very extraoi dinary work, full of profound thought, and very
elegantly translated." — Lon. Medical Times.
Magie, Wit eh or aft, «tc., ISJl, 2 vols. p. Svo. Short
Sketches of snnie Notable Lives, 18.^5, ]2mo.
Colquhoiin, Lady Janet, 1781-1846, daughter of
Sir John Sinclair of Ulster, wife of Sir James Colquhoun
of Rossdhu. Narrative founded on Facts, 1822. Thoughts
on the Religious Profession and Practice of Scotland, 1823.
Impression of the Heart, 1825. Sorrowing yet Rejoicing.
•- Pervaded thvouiihout by a tone of the most evangelical devo-
tion."— Sirotdsh Gu'irdiau.
Despair and Hope. The Kingdom of God. The World's
Religion as contrasted with Genuine Christianity, 1839.
" We should particularly reconimeud this excL*llent volume to
be put into thf h;tnds of such educated young females as admire
the writinjrs of Hannah Mnie. and are able to relish them. The
pious and gifted writer treats her subjects under the evident in-
fluence of great spirituality of feeling, very clearly, and very im-
pressively."— Lmi. JVatchmun.
The Memoirs of this excellent woman were pub. by Rev.
James Hamilton. Lon., 1854; 4th ed., Svo. A Memoir of her
sister. Miss Hannah Sinclair, who died in 1818, was pnb. by
Rev. Legh Richmond. A vol. of her Letters on the Prin-
ciples of Christian Faith was given to the world after her
decease, and a collective ed. of her works in 1S51, Svo.
Colquhoun, John, D.D. Spirit. Comf'-rt, 1813. 12mo.
"This is suited rather for the depressed, than the backslider." —
BlCKERSTETH.
The Covenant of Grace, 1818.
Colquhoun, John* The Moor and the Loch, Lon.,
3d edit., 1851. Svo.
" The Moor and the Loch is the book of the season." — Lon. Sport-
ing Hei'inv.
•■ Unpretending, clear, and practical, and does honour to the
'parent lake.' The book bre;ithes of the mountain and the flood,
and will carry the sportsman back to the days of his youth."* — Lon.
Quarter!}/ Iteview.
The Rocks and Rivers of Scotland, Lon,, 1849, p. Svo.
"Mr. CoIquh"un. we believe, was the first (with cue exception)
who occupied this field of letters: assuredly he has not been its
least successful cultivator." — Edin. Even. Cotirant.
Colquhoun^ Lud. Report of the Proceedings under
a Brieve of Idiotry. Duncan v. Yoolow, Edin., 1837, Svo.
" A work of no ordinary value." — Ed. ^fed. and Surg. Jour.
Colquhoun, Patrick, LL.D., 1745-1820, a native of
Scotland. Police of the Metropolis, Lon., 1796, Svo; 8th
edit., 1806. Svo.
'■ A curious, important, and interesting; work." — Lownties.
Commerce and Police of the River Thames. 1800. Svo.
Treatise on Indigence, 1806. Svo. On the Wealth, Power,
and Resources of the British Empire; 2d edit., 1815, 4to.
'' This work enjoyed for a while a considerable d(?gree of popu-
larity, to which it certainly had but slender claims. It is, from
beginning to end, a tissue of extravagant hypotheses and exagge-
ration."— McCuLLOca: Lit. of Polit. Economy.
System of Education for the labouring People, 1806, Svo.
Colquhoun, Patrick. Summary of Roman Civil
Law, illustrated by Ci>mmentaries on, and Parables from,
the Mosaic, Canou, Mohammedan, English, and Foreign
Law; vol. i., Lon., 1S50, r. Svo; vol. ii., 1851-53.
Colrane. See Colerain-e, Lonn.
Colse, Peter. Penelope's Cnniplaint; or a Mirror
for Wanton Minions. Taken out of Homer's Odissea, and
written in English Verse, Lon., 1506, 4to: 32 leaves. A
copy in a bookseller's catalogue is priced £15 15*.
" While Pet(;r Colse indulijed an obliquity of reflection against
"Willobie's Avisa, he avowedly imitated its style and structure of
lyric versification." — Re.stituta^ iii. 532.
Colson. Langne Toscane, Lon., Svo.
Colson, Charles. Serm. on the Eucharist, 1844, Svo.
Colson, John, d. 1760, Prof, of Mathematics at Cam-
bridge. Jlethod uf Fluxions, &c., trans, from the Latin of
Sir 1. Newton, Lon., 1736, 4to. Analytical Institutions,
from the Italian of Agnesi ; edited by John HelHns, 1801,
2 vols. 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1707, '26. '36,
Colson, Xath. Mariner's N. Kalendar, 1697, 4to.
Colson, \Vm. 1. Arith. 2. Fr. Grammar. 1612, "20.
Colston, Launeelot. Philosophia Maturatse ; con-
taining the practicalpartthereof in giving the Philosopher's
Stone ; whereunto is added a work compiled by St. Dunstan,
Lon., 166S, 12mo.
Colston, Itlarianne. Journal of a Tour in France,
Switzerland, and Italy, 1S19, '20, 21; and 50 Prints illus-
trative of the above Tour.
'■ The .\uthor appears to have been indefatigable in her researches,
and she has given us descriptions of every object in her route
which was worthy of the smallest notice ; so that her volume will
be a great acquisition to future Tourists, as well as a fund of in-
formation and amusement to stay-at-home Travellers." — European
Mag., Aug. 1S23.
Coltheart, P. Quacks Unmasked, 1727, 4to.
Colthrop, Sir Henry. The Liberties, Usages, and
Customs of the City of Loudon. Lon., 1642, 4to. Reprinted
in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. v,
Coltman, John, d. 1808. Every Man's Monitor, 1781,
12mo; a collection of sentences and maxims.
Coltman, N. New Traveller's Companion, ]Sn8,4to.
Colton, Caleb C.,d. 1832, Vicar of Kew and Peter-
sham, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge.
Narrative of the Sampford Ghost, 1810, Svo. Hypocrisy,
a satirical Poem, 1812, Svo. Napoleon, a Poem, 1812. Svo.
Lines on the ConHagration of Moscow, 1816. Svo. Lacon,
or Many Things in Few Words, 1820, Svo; 6th ed., 1821;
vol. ii., 1822. In the preparation of this work, Mr. C.
profited by the Essays of Bacon and the Materials of
Burdon. It is one of the most excellent collections of
apothegms in the language, but benefited none less than
the author. A passion for gaming involved him in embar-
rassments, which forced him to abscond to America in 1828,
to avoid his creditors. He next took up his residence at
Paris, where he was so successful at play that in two years
or less he is said to have cleared £25,000. A dread of an
impending surgical operation so preyed upon his mind, that
he blew out his brains whilst on a visit to Major Sherwell
at Funtaineblcau. What a commentary upon one of his
own apothegms in Laeon :
" The gamester, if he die a martyr to his profession, is doubly
ruined. He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act of
suicide, renounces earth to forfeit heaven !"'
Colton, Rev. Calvin, 1780-1857, a native of Long
Mcadiiw. iMa^sachusetts, graduated at Yale College in
1SI2. In 1831 he visited England, where he remained for
four years as a correspondent of the New York Observer.
He was appointed Prof, of Pulitieal Economy in Trinity
College. Hartford. I. A Manual for Emigrants to America,
L m., 1832. 2. History and Character of American Re-
vivals of Religion; 3d ed. 3. The Americans; by an
American in London, 1833. 4. The American Cottager.
5. A Tour of American Lakes, 2 vols. 6, Church and
State in America: being a Reply to the Bishop of London.
7. Four Years in Great Britain. N.Y., 1835. 8. Protestant
Jesuitism, 1836. 9. Thoughts on the Religious State of the
Country, and Rca.sons for Preferring Episcopacy, — written
by Mr. C. at the time he left the Presbyterian ministry
and took orders in the Episcopal Church. 10. Abolition
a Sedition, and Abolition and Colonization Contracted,
1838. 11. A Voice from America to England, 1839. 12.
The Crisis of the Country. 1840. 13. Junius Tracts, 1840-
43-44. 14. The Rights of Labor, 1844. 15. Public
Economy fur the United States, 1S48, Svo. 16. Geniua
and Mission of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the
U.S., 1853. In 1S44 he visited Henry Clay, and obtained
from him the necessary materials for the preparation of
his Life and Speeches, N.Y., 1844, 2 vols. Svo. After Mr.
Clay's death he edited Private Correspondence of Henry
Clay, 1855, Svo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry
Clay, 1856, Svo. Speeches of Henry Clay, 1857, 2 vols. Svo.
Colton, George Hooker, 1S18-1S47. Tecumseh,
or The West Thirty Years Since; a Poem. New York, 1842,
12mo. An L'dit. uf Cormeuiu's Orators of France, with an
Essay by J. T. Headley, from the 16th Paris ed., 1847, 12m(h
In 1S44 Mr. Colton established the American Review.
Colton, J, O. Greek Reader,
Colton, Thomas. De Chylosi Vitiata, Lugd. Bat.,
1691, 4to.
Colton, Walter, 1797-1851, a native of Rutland,
Vermont, was educated at Yale College, and the theological
seminary at Andover. In 1S20 he was appointed chaplain
in the U. S. Navy, which situation enabled him to gratify
his love for travel, the results of which he has given to tho
world in his popular volumes. Mr. C. was the author of
some poetical pieces also. He held for some time the office
of Alcalde of Monterey. Ship and Shore; new ed., edited
by Rev. Henry T. Cheever. 1851, 12mo.
'■A most spri^'htly and amusing book of Travels, which made
for its young author a reputation at once. . . . The present t-ditinu
has been remodelled under the tasteful and experienced eye"f Mr.
Cheever. whose ample knowledge of the localities finely tiualifies
him for the service."
A Visit to Constantinople and Athens ; new ed., entitled
Land and Lee in the Bosphorus and .^gean, edited by Rev.
H. T. Cheever. 1851. 12mo.
" Replete with information descriptive of Oriental life and man-
ners, customs and scenery." — Parker s Journal.
Deck and Port : Incidents of a Cruise to California.
"A charming book, full of information and entertainment."
Three Years in California. 1850, 12mo.
"Graphic, instructive, and often in the most provoking degree
mirthful." — Kational Intelligencer.
415
COL
COM
The Sea and the Sailor; and other Literary Remains of
Rev. Walter Culton, with a Memoir edited by Rev. il. T.
Cheever. 1851, 12mo.
Columbaiius, St., supposed to have been born about
540, died 015, was a native of the province of Leinster,
Ireland, according to respectable authorities. — though Mac-
kenzie claims him as a North Briton. He fnunded the
monastery of Lu.\euil, near Besan^ou, in France, which he
governed for twenty years. In G13 he founded the Abbey
of Bobio, near Naples, and died there, Nov. 21, 615. His
poems were first printed collectively by Goldasti in his
Pari^netici Veteres, 4 Insul., ltU14. They are in vol. viii.
of the Bibl. Magna Patrnm, Par., 1644, fob. and in vol. xii.
of the Bibl. Maxima Patrum, Lyons, 1677. His prose-
writings, consisting of theolog. discourses, peuitentials,
letters, &c., will be found in the two Bibliotbecie noticed
above, and in the Collectanea of Fleming, Augs., 1621, 8vo.
Colvil, Sanil. The Grand Imposture Discovered,
Edin.. 1673, 4to. The AVhigg's .Supplication, or the Scots
Hudibras: a Mock Poem, Edin., 1657; several edits. See
a valuable paper on imitations of Hudibras — this among
the number — in Lon. Retrosp. Review, iii. ;U7, 1S21.
Colvile, alina Coldewell, George. Trans, of Boe-
thius De Consolatione Philosophiie, Lun., 1556. 4to.
Colville, John, d. 1607. The Palinode, Edin., 1600,
Svo. Panenesis. Paris, 1601, Svo. Oratio funebris exe-
quis Eiizabethit Anglijv RegiiB-destinata, Paris, 1604, Svo.
Colville, H'iUiam. Refreshing Streams, 1655, 4to.
Discourses, 1067, '73. Philosophia Moralis Christiana,
1670, 12mo.
Colvocoresses, Lt. Geo. M., b. 1816, in Greece;
Attache to the U.S. Exploring Expedition. Four Years
in the Government Expedition, New York, 1853. 12mo.
Colwall, Daniel. Chcm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1672.
Colwell, Stephen, b. 25th March, ISOO, in Brooke
CO., Va. ; grad. at Jcflcrson Coll., Pa., 1819; admitted to
the Bar in Va. in 1821: practised law for some time in
Pittsburg, but has been for many years past an iron-
merchant in Philadelphia. 1. A Letter to Members of
Legislature of Penna. on the Removal of Deposits from
the Bank of the U.S. by Order of the President of the
U.S., signed Mr. Penn, 1834, Svo, pp. 45. 2. The Relative
Position in our Industry of Foreign Commerce, Domestic
Production, and Internal Trade, by Jonathan B. Wise,
Phila., 1850, Svo, pp. 50. 3. New Themes for the Pro-
testant Clergy. Ac, with Notes on the Lit. of Charity, Ac.,
1851, 12mo. This work was censured in A Review of New
Themes, 1862, 12mo, and New Themes Condemned, 1853,
12mo: and supported in Hints to a Layman, 1S53, 12mo,
and Charity and the Clergy, 1853, 12mo. 4. Politics for
American Christians, &c., 1852, Svo. 5. Article on Money
of Account in Merchant's Mag. for April, 1852, pp. 25. 6.
Preface and Notes to Race for Riches, 1853, pp. 54. 7. Po-
sition of Christianity in U.S. in its Relations with our Po-
litical System and Religious Instruction in Public Schools,
Svo, pp. 175. S. The South : a Letter from a Friend in the
North with Reference to the Eifects of Disunion upon Slavery,
1856, Svo, pp. 46. 9. Preliminary Essays and Notes to the
National Economy of Frederick List, 1S56, Svo, pp. 67. 10.
Article on Money of Account in Banker's Mag., in numbers
of July and Aug. 1857, pp. 25. 11. The AVays and Means of
Commercial Payment; The Money-System and the Credit-
System, with the Agency of Money of Account; Analysis
of Former and Present Systems of Banking; An Account
of the Modes of Payment at the Fairs of Lyons and other
Cities; of the Banks of Venice, Genoa, Amsterdam, and
H.amburg. and the Bank of England, 1868, Svo, pp. 550.
Sec List, FnEnrnicK: MArCrT.j.ocH, John Rams.w.
Colwil, Alex., 1620-1076, pub. some controversial
tracts. He has been confounded with Samuel Colvil, (ante,)
Colyer, Thomas. Certain Queries, 1645. 12mo.
Coly net, Anthony. CivilWarresof France. Lon. ,1591.
Combe, .\ndre\v, M.D., 1797-1S47, b. in Edinburgh;
studied medicine at Edinburgh and Paris, and. after taking
the degree of M.D., commenced practice in Edinl.mrgh in
1823. App. consulting physician to the King of the Bel-
gians, 1S36. As early as 1S18, like his brother, he became
a convert to Phrenology. Observations on Jlental De-
rangements, Edin., 1831, 12mo; Lon., 1S41, p. Svo.
" The work is not surpassed by .any one of its kind m medical
science." — Mcd.-Chirurff. liev., Oct. 1831.
The Principles of Phvsiology applied to the Preserva-
tion of Health, &e. ; 14th ed., 1852, p. Svo. From 1S34 to
'41, 14.000 copies of this work were sold in Great Britain,
and 3000 in the United States.
" It contains more sound philosophy, more tme practical wisdom
relative to the all-impurtaut subject of preserving the health, than
4il6
any other volume in our language." — BHL and Fhr. Sffd. Beview,
Oct. 1S41.
The Physiology of Digestion; 9th edit., 1S49, p. Svo.
Trans, into German and Danish.
"It leaves nothing to be desired." — Brit, and Fur. Med. HevieWj
Jan. 1S42.
Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy j 6th
edit., 1847, p. Svo.
" It is :i worlt which will clearly reveal to any person of common
understanding; the main causes of health and sickness in childi*en."
^WkstmiiLflir Kn'J'ew.
Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and
Physiology of Digestion, by William Beaumont, M.D., Sur-
geon to the U. S. Navy; reprinted with Notes by Andrew
Combo, M.D., Lon., 1S38, p. Svo.
'■ The profession owes Dr. Beaumont a debt of gratitude for his
disinterested labours, which we are convinced they never can re-
pay : and Dr. C. is entitled to their thanks for putting the work
within Ibeir reach at so moderate a price." — Dublin Medical Press,
April. 1S40.
Dr. Beaumont's experiments were made upon Alexis St.
Martin, whose extraordinary case is well known to the
profession. See Beaiimo-nt, Wm.. M.D. See Life and
Correspondence of Andrew Combe, M.D., by George Combe,
Edin., 1850, Svo.
Combe, Charles, M.D., 1743-1817, devoted much
attention to the classics and to numismatics. He pub. an
Index Nummorum, &Q. in 1773, 4to, and the Nummorum,
ic. in Musa'O Gul. Hunter, in 1782, 4to. In conjunction
with Rev. H. Homer, Horatii Opera, 1793, 2 vols. 4to.
This was criticized by Dr. Parr in the British Critic.
Combe pub. a Stnlcment relative to the review in 1793, Svo.
Cat. of Prints ; rel. to the Hist, of Engraving, 1S03, Svo.
Con. to Phil. Trans,, 1801; Med. Trans., 1813.
Combe, Edward. Sermons, 1708, '17, '20.
Combe, Edward. Sale of Dunkirk, 1728, Svo.
Combe, George, 1788-1858, b. Edinburgh, practised
as an attorney for twenty-iive years. Becoming a disciple of
Gall an.l Spurzheim, he zealously advocated the science of
Phrenology, both as a lecturer and writer of books. His
works have had a most extensive sale. He was one of the
founders of the Phrenological Journal, afterwards con-
ducted by his relative. Mr. Cox. E.'says on Phren., 1819;
5th ed. .as A System of Phrenology, 1843, 2 vols. Svo, 1853.
'■ A woik of hijrh excellence."— G/</.«;ou> Fm Press, Feb. 1S3I.
Severely criticized in the Edinburgh Review. The Con-
stitution of Man considered in relation to External Objects,
1S28 ; 8th ed., 1848, p. Svo. Of this work between 90.000
and 100,000 copies have been sold in Great Britain, and
the sale has been large in the United States. It has been
trans, into German, French, and Swedish. Lectures on
Mor.al Philosophy. 3d ed., 1S46, p. Svo; On Phrenology,
1S47. p. Svo ; On Popular Education. 3d ed., 1848, p. Svo ;
Elements of Phrenology, 7th ed., 1849, 12mo ; Notes on the
United States of America, 1S3S-40, 3 vols. p. Svo. 1841.
Remarks on the Principles of Criminal Legislation, &c.,
Lon.. 1854, Svo. Phrenology applied to Painting and
Sculpture, Lou. and Edin., 1855, Svo. Science and Re-
ligion, 1857, Svo.
Combe, Taylor, 1774-1826. keeper of the Antiqui-
ties and coins at the British Museum, was a son of Dr.
Charles Combe, and educated at Oriel Ccdlege, Oxford.
Ancient Terracottas in Brit. Museum, 1810, 4to; Ancient
Marbles in ditto, part 1st, 1812, 4to; Veterum populorum
et regum Nummi, ic, in ditto, 1S14, 4to. Con to ArchaeoL
ISOO; '03.
Comber, Thomas, D.D., 1644-1699, a native of
Westcrbam, Kent; admitted of Sidney-Sussex College,
Cambridge, 1659; Prebendary of Y'ork Cathedral, 1677;
presented to the living of Thornton, 1678; Precentor of
Y'ork, 1683; Dean of Durham, 1691. Among his works
are the following: Roman Forgeries in Councils during
the First Four Centuries, and forgeries in Baronius, Lon.,
1673, Svo. Dr. James in his Treatise of the Corruptions
of Scripture. Ac. 1611, 4to, also discloses fraudulent altera-
tions in the Councils. A Companion to the Temple and
Closet, or a Help to Devotion in the use of the Common
Prayer, part 1st, 1672; 2d, 1674; 3d, 1675, Svo; 1679, 3
vols. Svo: reprinted in two folios; 4th edit, of 1st fob, 1701;
2d fob, pub. 1702. New edit, without addits., Oxf , Cla-
rendon Press. 1841. 7 vols. Svo. To this learned and com-
prehensive writer, Wheatley and other writers stand largely
indebted.
'■Let him read Comber's Companion to the Temple, whicll I
heartily wish might be put into the hands of every clergyman."—
Dr. H. Owen's Address.
'• It is an able and devotional work of considerable value." —
BlCKERSTETH.
The Plausible Arguments of a Romish Priest, Ac. an-
swered, 16S6, Svo; 3d edit., with a Serm. of Comber's,
COM
CON
Tork. ISOf), ]2nio. Comber's arguments against the R.
Catholics arc on the list of books of the P. C. K. Society.
Scholastical Hist, of Liturgies; 2 part.';, 1G90: in answer to
Clarkson's Discourse against Liturgies, 10^9. Friendly
Advice to the R. Catholics of England; a new ed., with
Preface and Notes, by W. F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds,
8vo. Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by his great-
grandson, Thomas Comber, 1799, Svo.
Comber, Thomas, LL.D., d. 177S, grandson to the
preceding, educated at Jesus College. Cambridge: Rector
of Kirkby, Misperton, Yorkshire: sub.«equently of Mor-
borne and Buckworth, Huntingdonshire. Vindication of
the Revolution in England, 16S8, Lon., 175S, Svo. Hea-
then Rejection of Christianity in the First Ages consi-
dered. 1747, Svo. Real improvements in Agriculture, on
the principles of A. Young, Esq., Ac; and a Letter on the
Rickets in Sheep, 1771, Svo.
Other publications, 1747-78.
" He was a man of considerable parts and learning.'*
Comber, Thomas, Rector of Oswald Kirk, Tork-
ehire, and great-grandson of the Dean of Durham. Me-
moir of the Life and Writings of Dean Comber, Lon., 1779,
Svo. Serms., 1807, Svo. Uist. of the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 1810, Svo. Adultery Analyzed, 1810, Svo.
A Scourge for Adulterers, Duellists, Gamesters, and Self-
Murderers, anon., ISIO.
Comber, W. T. An Inquiry into the state of National
Subsistence, as connected with the Progress of Wealth and
Population, &c., Lon., 1808, Svo. See MeCuUoch's Lit. of
Polit. Economy.
Comberbach, Roger. Reports of Cases in Court of
K. B., from 1st of Jas. IL to lOtb of Wm. III., Lon., 1724,
fol. Arranged and pub. after the author's death by his
Bon, who remarks ;
" Had the author prepared them for the press himself, they had
appe.ired iu another dress."
■■The Cases cenerally are brietiy and carelessly reported, and
unilbrmly have been treated with disregard." — Jlarvin's Leg.Bibl.
Combes, A. New Metals. Nic. Jour., 1808.
Conibrunc, Michael. Works on Brewing, 1759,
'62, '68.
Comeford, R. E. The Rhapsodist, &e., in an Epistle
to Aristus, 1SI8, Svo.
Comegys, Cornelius G., M.D., native of Delaware;
Prof, of Institutes of Medicine in Miami Coll., Ohio.
History of Medicine from its Origin to the 19lh Century,
with an Appendi-^ containing a Pbilosojibical Review of
Medicine to the Present Time. Translated from the French.
Cincinnati. Svo, 1S56. Highly commended.
Comerford, T. Hist, of Ireland for 3000 Years,
Dnbl.. 17.54. 12mo.
Comfort, J. W., M.D.. of Philadelphia. Practice of
Medicine im Thomsonian Principles, adapted as well to
the use of Families as to the Practitioner. Phila.. 185.'i, Svo.
Comings, B. N., M.D. Class-Book of Physiology,
N. York. ISj;',, 12mo. This vol. is taken from the Princi-
ples of Physiology by .1. L. Comstock and Comings.
Comings, Fowler. Serms., 1790, 2 vols. Svo.
Conily, John, a native of Pennsylvania and member
of the Society of Friends, is best known as the author of
Comly's Speller, of which there have been several milliona
printed. He also published a Grammar, Reader, andPrimer.
Commius, John. Eug. Scholar's 1st Book, 1801.
Compeon, John. Sermon, 1S04.
Compton, Henry, 16.'!2-1713, youngest son of Spen-
cer, second Earl of Northampton, was entered of Queen's
College, O.xford, 1019; Canon of Christ Church, 1669;
Bishop of O.xford, 1674; trans, to London, 1975. Episco-
palia, or Letters to his Clergy, Lon., 1686, 12mo. Trans,
from the French and Italian, 1667, '69. Letters to his
Clergy, 1679, 'SO, 'S3, '84, '85. Letters to a Clergyman,
1688, 4to. A Charge, 1696, 4to. Ninth Conference with
his Clergy, 1701, 4to. Letter concerning Allegiance, 1710,
Svo. His Life, Svo.
Comstock, Andrew, M.D., b. 179.7, N. Y.. Prof, of
Elocution. Author of a Xew System of Phrjnetics; also
Lecturer on Oratory. Elocution, 16th ed., 1854. Phonetic
Speaker; Reader; Historia Sacra; Homer's Hiad; Pho-
netic Testament, &c.
Comstock, Franklin G. Digest of the Law of
Executors ami Administrators, Guardian and Ward, and
Dower, Hartford, 1832, Svo.
Comstock, G. F. Reports of Cases argued and de-
termined in the Court of Appeals of the State of N. York,
Sept. lS47-April, 1851, Albany, 1849-60, 4 vols. Svo.
Comstock, John Lee, M.D., b. in Conn., d. 185S,
received only a common-school education, studied medi-
27
cine, and a few months after receiving hts diploma, was
appointed assist.ant surgeon in the 25th Reg. of Infantry
iu the U. S. .\ruiy, during the war of 1812. He served at
Fort Trumbull, Conn., part of the time during the war, and
a part on the northern frontier, where he had the sole
charge of three bospititls, containing from 20 to 30 patients
each. At tlic close of the war he practised medicine in
Hartford, Conn., and .about the year 1830 became an au-
thor by profession. An Introduction to Mineralogy, Svo,
1832.
'■ This work was introduced into the Military Acad. W. Point."
Natural History of Quadrupeds, 12mo, 1829. Natural
History of Birds. System of N:itural Philosophy, 12mo,
1831.
■■This work has been translated info German. Greek, and several
other I'oreiu'n l.iniiuaires. It has been edited in London, Edinburgh,
and Canada : and is now in common use. More than 000,000 copies
have already been sold."
Introduction to Botany. Elements of Chemistry, 12mo.
'■ Of Itie Elements '2,00,000 copies have been sold."'
Elements of (ieology, including Fossil Botany and
Palseontology. Y'outh's Book of Natural Philos., ISmo.
Young Botanist. Y'oung Chemist. Common-School Philos.
Youth's Book of Astronomy. Outlines of Physiology.
Treatise on M;ithematical and Physical Geography. Read-
ings in Zoology. Hist, of the Greek Revolution. Cabinet
of Curiosities. Hist, of Precious Metals, &c.
Comyn, R. B. Landlord and Tenant : 2d ed., by G.
Chilton. Jr., Lon., 1S3U, Svo. The Law of Usury, 1817, Svo.
Comyn, Samuel. Law of Contracts and Promises;
2d ed., Lon., 1824, Svo; 4th Amer. ed., N. Y., 1835, Svo.
This was formerly the best English treatise upon contracts.
It is now superseded.
'■As a purely common-law work it is entitled to much praise."
See Hoffman's Le:J:al Study.
Comyns, Sir John, Lord Chief Baron of the Ex-
chequer. Reports of Cases K. B., C. P., and Excheq. ; 2d
ed., by S. Rose, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. Svo.
'■ I am not aware that the volume has elicited any marked judi-
cial commendation," — .l/ircm's L't/al Bibl.
A Digest of the Laws of England, 1762-67, 5 vols, fol, ;
5th ed., with continuation by A. Hammond, Lon., 1822,
8 vols. Svo. 1st Amer., from the 5th Lon. ed.. with Amer.
decisions, by Thomas Day, N. York and Phila., lS24r-26,
8 vols. Svo.
" The first is fer superior to all the late editions. The modern
editions have the addition of the modern cases, it is true, but they
consist of the mart;in:il notes of the reporters, thrust iuto the text
without order or propriety, aud destroy symmetry and connection."
— JrnoE Storv.
'■ Comyns's opinion alone is of ixreat authority." — Lord Ke.nvov.
'■We cannot have a better authority than that learned writer.''
— CniEF Ji'sTicE Best,
Cona-us, Georgius, amfU'cg Cone, a native of Scot-
land. Pra^mctia;, sen Calurania; Hirlandorum indicatao,
et Epos de Deipara Virgine, Bonon, 1621. Svo. ^■ita Ma-
riK Stuartie Reginae Scotorum, Romse, 1624, Svo; Wirceb.,
1624, 12mo. See Jebb Scrip., xvi. De duplici statu Re-
ligionis apud Scotus, Rom., 162S, birge 4to. Assertionum
Catholicanim, libri tres, Rom., 1621, '29, 4to.
Conant, John. Sermon. 1643, sm. 4to.
Conant, John, D.D.. 1608-1693, educated at Exeter
College, Oxforil, of which he became Fellow and tutor;
Prof. "of Divinity, 1654; Vice-Chancellor of the Universi-
ty, 1657; Prebendary of Worcester, 1681. Serms., 1693-
1722, 6 vols. Svo.
" These discourses are such as Vr. Con.ant usually composed ;
plain and practical, and suited to the meanest capacity." — BlSBOV
M'lI,T.t\MS,
Conant, T. J., Prof, of Hebrew in Rochester Uni-
versity, New York. Trans, of the Hebrew Grammar of
Gesen'ius, 14th edit., as revised by Dr. E. Riidiger ; with
the modifications of the edits, subsequent to the 11th, by
Dr. Davies, of Stepney College, London ; with a Course of
Exercises, and Hebrew Chrcstomathy by T. J. Conant.
" The hest Hebrew Gramniar extant is the work of a German—
Gesenius."— Xnn. Mrmlhly Clironicle, Pec, 1840.
Professor Conant is now (1855) engaged upon a nei»
version of the Book of Job. Mrs. Conant also has con-
tributed to the literarv treasures of the country.
Concanen,G. Trials, Rowe i'. Brenton. Lon., lS30,8vo.
Concanen, Matthew, d. 1749, a native of Ireland,
of considerable abilities, pub. 1724 a vol. of Miscellaneous
Poems by himself and others, and edited The Speculatist,
a Journal : The Flower Piece, a Miscellany, Ac. He is
principally remembered by the celebrated letter of War-
burton concerning him, and by his position in the Dun-
ciad: his reward for .attacking Pope. In 1732 he w.a*
appointed attorney-general of the Isle of Jamaica. See
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vols. v. and viii.
Concanen, Matthew, Jun. Hist, and Antiq. of
417
CON"
St. Saviour's Thurch, Southwark ; by M. C. and A. Mor-
gan. Letter to Garrow, 1790, Svo. Distribution of Bank-
rupts' Estates, 1801, Svo.
C'oncanon, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Merl. Com.,
179(1; Hist, of an Aneurism of the Aorta Descendens.
Coiuler, (;. \y. Lectures to Working Men on Chris-
tianily, L'.n., 1850, 12mo.
Coiider, James. Tokens, Coins, and Medals.1799.8vo.
Conder, John, D.D., 1714-1781, a Dissentinf^ minis-
ter of London. Ministerial Character. Serms, 1755^ '5S,
'59, '62, 'fiS.
Couder, Josiah, 1789-1855. b. in London; son of
a bookseller. "At an early age displayed a taste for lite-
rature, and published snmo articles in The Atlienjeum,
edited by Dr. Aikin. In 1810, in connexion with a few
friends, he published a volume of poems, with the title of
the Associate Minstrel. In 1814, being a publisher and
bookseller in St. Paul's Churchyard, he purchased the
Eclectic Review, of which he continued to be the editor
until 1837, — though he retired from the bookselling business
in 1819. Under his management the Eclectic Review re-
ceived the assistance of many eminent men among the
Non-Conformists, such as Robert Hnll, John Foster, Dr.
Chalmers, Dr. Vaughan, and others." Protestant Non-
conformity, 181S, 2 vols. Svo. Epist. to the Hebrews; a
new trans., 18.34, Svo. Law of the Sabbath, 18;i0, Svo.
Choir and the Oratory, 12mn. Hist, of Italy, 3 vols. ISmo.
Diet, of Anc. and Mod. Geography, 12mo. Poet of the
Sanctuary, 12mo. Star in the East. &c., 12mo. View of
All Religions, Svo. Expos, of the Apocalypse, Svo.
"The author diRplays extensive readinj;, diligent research, ana
a thorough acquaintance with the subject." — Lrm. Christian Times.
Analytical and Comparative View of all Religions,
1838, Svo.
" It will become, as it deserves to become, a standard book in
our literature." — Church of En/j. Quart. lieview.
Modern Traveller: Description of the various Countries
of the Globe, 33 vols. ISmo, v. y.
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supply the place of Thi.> Modern Traveller."— i"/)". LH. Gazr:lU.
" It deserves a place in the library of every inquiring person."—
Blacktooo(rs Mag.
" That useful work, The Modera Traveller, by Mr. Conder, who
has broui^ht together so much interesting matter." — Lambert, tht
Botanist.
"An excellent publication, ably executed." — McCuUcch Lit.P.E.
Literary Histoiy of the New Testament, Svo. 1845.
" Contains a considerable amount of useful infurniation. brought
together from various sources with discriminating judgment." —
BlCKERSTETH.
" I feel it a duty and pleasure to bear my glad testimony to the
learning, in particular sacred and ectlesiastiual, the indefatigable
diligence, the wide research, the candour and impartiality, and
the sound judgment, which characterize this welcome addition to
our natiimal literature." — Dr. J. Pte Smith.
Condie, D. Francis, M.D., h. in Philadelphia, May
12, UUG; grad. as Doctor of Medicine in the University of
Pennsylvania, March, 1S18. An abridged Edition, with
Notes, of Thomas's Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1817. A
Course of E.vaminatious for the Use of Medical Students,
Phila.; 2d ed., 1824. The Catechism of lleallh. Phila.,
1831. A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera: in coujunction with
Dr. J<dm Bell, 1832. Practical Treatise on the Diseases
of Children; 3d ed., Phila., ISoO, Svu; 4th ed., revised and
augmented, 1854, Svo.
" We pronounced the first edition to be the best work on the dis-
eases of children in the English language; and. notwitlistandiug
all that has been published, we still regard it in that light."— J/o/t-
cal JC.rami7ie.r.
" Dr. Gondio's scholarship, acumen, indu^^try, and practical sense
are manifested in this, as in all his numenms contributions to
science."— />/•. Ifo/,iu:s's liepnrt to the Jmrr. Mud. Aswaalion.
"A veritable p;eili:itric encycIo}.a?dia. and au honour to Ameri-
can medical literature." — 0/iin M'lir.i! .,,,,1 Sarqical Journal.
"We feel pernuaded that tie Am. n. m medical prolessioo will
Boon regard it not only a-s a v. i \ -■•.<.{ hut as the very best, Pr.ic-
licat Treatise on the Diseases ol Children." —^?Hrr. M>;d. Journal.
" Perhaps the most full and complete work now before the pro-
fession of the United States,— indeed, we may say, in the English
language. It is vastly superior to most of its" predecessors."—
Transylvania Med. Journal.
Dr. Condie has edited Dr. Fleetwood CHuncHiLL's(7. r.)
works on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery and the
Diseases of Women, and made contributions to American
Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery, Phila.,
1834: contributions to Philadelphia Journal of the Medi-
cal and Physical Sciences; North American Medical and
Surgical Journal; Journal of Health. Phila.; American
Journal of Medical Sciences: Transactions of the College
of Physicians of Phila.; North American Medico-Chirur-
gieal lleview.
Couduitt, John, Master of the Mint Observations on
4L6
CON
English Gold and Silver Coins, 1774; from Mr. C.'s MS.,
written in I 730.
Cone. Scolding no Scholarship ; rel. to Dempster, 1669.
Cone, or Caune, C-eorge. See Con^ci s.
Coney, John. Beauties of Continental Architecture,
Lon., 4to. Church Architecture of Yorkshire, edited by
Giles, fol. Ancient Cathedrals in France, Holhintl, and
Germany; 32 engravings, atlas fob, 1832 ; pub. at £11) 10*.
"These are the largest and best pl.ntes Coney ever executed, and
the only ones which exhibit his distinctive excellencies in this
style of art."
English Ecclesiastical Edifices of the Olden Time; 200
engravings, 2 vols. r. fol. ; pub. at £S S«. In these vols,
are included the whole of the copperplates which illustrate
the S vols, of the new edit, of Dugdale's Monasticon, pub.
at £141 15s.
" Our readers Tvill here find a rich mine of artistic wealth, in the
most beautiful models of every age. during which the pointed, or
ecclesiastical, stvle of .Trehitecture flourished in this country." —
Dul'Jin Revieiv. 'Aug. 1839.
Coney, Thomas, D.D., Prcb. of Wells. Serm., 1710,
Svo; 25 ilo., 1730, Svo; 2 do., 1731, Svo; 2 vols., do., 1750,
Svo. Sick Bed, 1747, 12mo.
Congletun, Ut. Hon. Henry Brooke Parnell,
Lord. See Pah.nell. Sih HiiNuv.
Congreve, Charles W., Arehd. of Arm:igh. Serm.,
174(1. Svo.
Congreve, Thomas. Navigable Communication be-
tween Trent and Severn, 1717.
Congreve, William, 1(366-1729. an eminent drama-
tist, was a native of Bardsa, near Leeds. His father, an
officer in the army, stjitioned in Ireland, placed him nt
school at Kilkenny, from whence he was removed to Tri-
nity College, Dublin. Returning to England, he entered
as a student at the Middle Temiile. Very early in life he
pub. under the fictitious name of Cleoiihil, a novel, entitled
Incognita, or Love and Duty Reconciled. In his 21st
3'^ear his play of The Old Bachelor — written some years
before — was acted at Di'ury Lane, and proved eminently
successful. Lord Halifax gave a substantial proof of his
approbation, by rewarding the triumphant author with a
conmiissioEcrship for the licensing of coaehee — a prelude to
future favours. Di-yden commended the play as the best
first effort in that line which be had ever witnessed. Mrs.
Barry and Mrs. Bracegirdle, Mr. Betterton and Mr. Powel,
whose personal attractions and artistic excellence bad been
brought forward to such advantage by the new author,
were of course delighted, the audience was equally charmed,
and in short the town was taken by storm. What a com-
mentary is this upon the morality of the generation of that
day ! That a piece which could not with propriety be read
aloud in the family circle should be hailed with applause
by the thousands who crowded the theatre ! In 1694 Con-
greve produced The Double Dealer, which was less success-
ful than its predecessor. Dryden disgraced himself — no new
thing for him — by most profane adulation of the author:
*' Heaven, that but once was prodigal liefore.
To Shakspeare gave as much, he could not give him more."
Love for Lovo appeared in 1695, and The Mourning
Bride, a Tragedy, two years later. He subsequently pro-
duced the Comedy of The Way of the World, a Mastjue,
entitled The Judgment of Paris, and Semele, an Ojiera.
After suffering for years from bodily infirmity and blind-
ness, this thorough man of the world was summoned to
that account which none can escape. In 1710 he i)ub. a
collection of his works in three vols. Svo ; dedicated to
Lord Halifax. Between this and Baskerville's impression,
1761, 3 vols. Svo, there were many edits. The last edit,
was pub. by.Mr. Moxon in 1S49. r. Svo, edited by Leigh
Hunt. In our article upon Jeremy Collier, we have anti-
cipated much respecting Congreve — bis controversy with
Collier, the character of his plays, &c. — that we should
otherwise have found a place for here. We have already
intimated that the fact of the popularity of such produc-
tions as the plays of Congreve, Wycherley, and Farquhar,
is a suflicient index of the moral tone of the age. Perhaps
no English author has been lauded more by his contem-
poraries than William Congreve. We have already given
an exhibition of the fulsome adulation of Dryden, the
most distinguished literary man of his time. M'e may
instance another:
"Mr. Congreve has done me the fiivour to review the ^T!neis,
and compare my versi^m with the origin.il. I shall never Imj
ashamed to own that this excellent young man has shewed me
many Ciults which I have endeavoured to correct."
Pope honoured him by the dedication of the Hiad, and
better men than Pope so far forgot the tribute due to vir-
tue, as to join in the general applause which rewarded the
champion of the most shocking descriptions of vice. AVe
coif
are not surprised, then, that Voltaire should declare that
. „u„reve ■■ raised the glury „f Comely to a greater hciirht
than any Enghsh wriler before or since his time."
the "glory" of such men is "their shame." Mr. Leigh
Hunt to the many mischievous tendencies of his pen, has
added in his old age another offence to public decency and
private morality, in his apology for, or rather vindication
ot, the lieeut.ousness of Congreve's "genteel vulgarilv."
Charity would fain hope that the unhappy author? before
his departure from a world which his talents might have
done so much to improve-alns 1 that they should have
been busily employed in the effort to corrupt and debase '
—repented of his offences against God and man. For— to
borrow the words of Lord Karnes—
" If they did not rack their author with remorse in hi<i list mo-
ments, be must have l«en lost to all sense of"°r™e °
Con-reve has merit of the highest kind; he is an orieinal
u:;'of Ws d llor/* ■"^''^^ .«>'■ ""^<"^ "f tis pmt noTthe"^"':
uer of his diiiloRue. ... Of his miscellaneous pwtry I cannot sav
Jiim when he leaves the stage, as Antaus w.as no lont-er stron-
than when he could touch the -round If I were required to
mrt-r Tl'^'n ""<'"' "T%"'r ^">''''-'' ^"'"'^ thrmoS'poe.ta
Th?Mou,m'n^> Rri, "'/'■''n' ',™''J P''"'^^ ^ "» exclamation in
ine .uouining Bride," ic— Dr. Joh.vson.
iJJ"-' f.^^yg'','!' commendation refers to the conversa-
tion in the Temple, act 2, scene 3.
heartl,"snpsfjH''A' ".'i'-.fl'iisiteof their kind, and the excessive
taken wSt^n '^"^^'"^i "'r'"" °f '^'^ 'Characters are not to be
not D. ur^rL^h ^l™ '°u "■" "S'y '""■'"• 'i'^-'" '» something
nith°r t"ee w '^ \"- *''™<''<"-s and wit; and we read him
.Vnd Blen lemen^nd wh r'"'^ ^'?° """"' W-' superior fine ladies
lik . b'^""?'"'^''' ""d '\hat a pack of sensu.nl busvhodics thev are
and ;";ren.-'?17.^,cfe°"m'.'?." '"" ""^ '-" ^^^ "' '"- - --
The reader is referred to Mr. Thackeray's English Hu-
gr-e/l^d Addi'r?' '"" ''^"■"^ ''™'-'^ «-«' Con-
whL„ 1 to be that we should eat and drink and be menv
toe con'",e"we''conTet"'t''"'r ^" """^ "- " d^-efwhcrti-:
di^'h.j:,^s™.sn';^t'zr-^:;r;./;;::^.fZdT!:;^
h s'^ever hld''rrT'? r ""' ""' V'""^' benciact.rrs'tbat sSIw
ab^Lrt^;n?e''n',i:n"'iL;S.;?rhJ'™n?^d"nar"'' ''"'''' "-' ' ^^
See also an weellent article by Mr. T. B. Macaulay, en-
KeWew'Tanurr™T84f "' """ ^^^"'™''™' '" '^^ '^"i-
Congreve, Lt.-Col. Sir William, I772-1S2S, a
ini itary ciiginccr, the inventor of the " Congreve rocket,"
pub. an ilcmeutary TrcatLso on the Mounting of Naval
Ordnance, Lon., IS 12, 4to. Details of the Rocket System,
with General Instructions, oblong fob, £2 S«. Treatise on
the Pointing of Naval Ordnance, Svo. A Short Account
ot a New Principle of a Rotative Steam-Engine. Svo A
Description of the Construction and Properties of the
Hydro-Pneumatic Lock, 1815, 4to. A Treatise on the
Genera^ Principles, Powers, and Facility of Application
01 the Congreve Rocket System as compared with ArtUlery,
with plates, 4to. ■"
Colliers, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '77, '78 ■
of a Uygroscope, a Trumpet, a Pump.
17Q8"?'"f'",o*'' *'■'•'•'• Attorney's New Pocket Book,
ll98, 2 vols. 12ino.
'OS^'"""'^''"™' •'^'"^^- 1- Medals. 2. Sorms., 1704,
Coiiinssby, George, D.D. Serras.. 172.3, '33 '42
Coiinigsby, Robert. Q. Fabularum, ic, 1693, Svo.
rnnlLT!!^'' n?u*""'"'-'^''-'""'"*"™'T'-eatise,1647,ic.
in^?he If ''' 7';?""''^' '^'"•1 "«■• Collee. cone;™-
ing the Man.,r of Marden, in Hereford, 1722-27 See
Lowndes^s Bib. Man., and Duncumb's Hereford. '
fl,» c" , "''u^lf'''^''- Admiralty Jurisdiction, &c. of
the Courts m the United States, 2 vols. Svo, 1848 Trea
tise on the Organization and Jurisdiction of the Supreme
''Z' ""n^ ?■>''■• ct Courts of the U. S., 2d ed., 1842, Svo
supplies a want hitherto extensively felt in the prolession Md 1
z:°:j-°^iz'ii„v^ ""^^"^ ' '^'^^ *''^'"'-> - ""-""'
Prfnrs"ofw!!!e's': n^ts.^o""^'^^ "' ^"S" ^™- ^^^ V™'
„lp."""'^"' '^■"•''U"'- Election Laws in Scotland, Edin,,
Sroiland;i84t Svo. ''"''''' "' '^^ ""^""""^^ "' ^''^ "'
CON
T? .^"","o^l''o^" ■'"^"- '^•■'"' "f f^'^otland rel. to Parishes,
Edin., ISIS, Svo. Supplement, 1S23, Svo
" Connell on the Law of Parishes, pubjish.-d a few years after
Burns. ,s confined to topi.vs of a nature purely ec-icsi.SM ll
s rather a continuation and fit concomitant of his valuable Tie.a-
-l" Ed rl^'-m"" "" ""P"""'"" °' "^" '""' K-Sarding the poor."
Treatise on the Law of Scotland respect. Tithes and the
btipendsof theP.arochialClergy,1815,8vo; 2ded.,lS30 Svo
It IS unnecessary to enter into any details coucerning a'book
Which no lawyer oi- clergyman will go without "
Couiiell, Richard. His Case, fol.
Connelly and Higgins's New Dictionary of the
Spanish and Engli.sh, and English and Spanish Langua-es,
4 vols. 4to, Madrid, 1797, '98. = o >
"The best and m..st complete Spanish and English Dictionary,
comprising al the Idioms. Proverl.s. Marine Terms, MetaphoriS
Expressions, ir. in Inilh L.-ingna-cs." F""'".*"
Connor, Bernard, 1066-1698, M.D., a native of
Kerry was physician to John Sobieski, King of Poland
and subsequently a pr.actitioner in London. Dlssertationes
Medico-Physicis, &c., Oxf., 1095, Svo. Compendious Plan
of the Body of Physic, O.ion., 1697, Svo. De Secrctione
Animah, Lon., 1697, Svo. He pub. several other profess
works and one which created much attention— Evange-
lium Medici, Ac, Lon., 1697, Svo.
l.'lh^'W^ a singular produotioa, in which the author endeavours
to show that the mua.-ulons cures performed hy on,- Lord and his
BiS Bib'"''^ accounted for on natural piinciples."-ORME :
Conny, Robert, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1098:
a Shower ol Fishes in Kent.
Conoid, Robert. Serm. and Letters, 1675 '77
Conolly, Lt. Arthnr. Overland Journey to the
iNorth ol India from England, Ac, Lon., IS34, 2 vols Svo
—Lon^A']'^^ =<""Paiiou to the labours of Elphinstoue and Fikser.""
-A better guide we could scareely desire."— £„„. Mhnimum..
We strongly recommend this hook, as containing much amuse-
ment and inl"rm.ation."—i>„. iJ„artfWv /fre. "'."amuse-
Conolly, John, M.D. Study and Practice of Medi-
cine, Lon , 1831, 12mo. An Inquiry concerning the Indi-
cations of Ins.anity, Svo, 1830.
"^.I" "^ '""rv™"!' ""? '""^ satisfactory works on the philosophy,
or rather on the physiology, of the human undcrstauding. which
have been hitherto produced."— Jfed. a„d Surg. Journal, isSO
Ihe Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums
and Hospitals for the Insane, 1847. Svo. The Treatment
of the Insane without Mechanical Restraint.s, 1856, demy
Svo. "^
Conolly, Joseph. Telegraph Co., Lon., ISOS, Svo.
Conolly, L. A. The Friar's Tale, 1S05, 2 vols.
Conover, J. F. Digestive index of all the reported
decisions in Law and Eipiity of the Supreme Courts of Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois, Phila., 1834, Svo.
Couoway, Jane. Petition to Ministers, Ac, 1649.
Conrad, Judge Robert T., 1S0S-1S5S, a native of
Philadelphia, long occupied a prominent place as one of
the most eloquent orators and successful dramatic writers
of the United States. Judge Conrad's dramatic pieces
Conrad of Naples, and Aylmere, or The Bondman of Kent
— »Tince the possession of poetical powers of no ordinary
cast. The latter, together with a number of minor poems,
was published in 1S52, Phila., 12nio. Among the most
striking of the smaller pieces in this volume may be noticed
the Sininets on the Lord's Prayer, aud Lines on a Blind
Boy Soliciting Charity by Playing on his Flute. Judge
Conrad's prose compositions possess merits not inferior to
those which charm the readers of his poetry.
'• As a citizen, a lawyer, and a judge, .Mr. Conr.ad obtained a
widely extended and highly-merited reputation. He was a bril-
liant orator, sparkling in diction, classical iu allu,?ion, poetical in
imagery, clear in narrative, rhetorical iu style, genial io humanizing
thought, and eloquent in all. As a speaker, whatever subject he
touched he undoubtedly adorned. On whatever platform he stood,
-^wliether on the arena of commerce, the forum of justice, the ex-
citing scene of politics, or the broad foundatiuu of that humanity
which emanates from the Creator.— Mr. Conrad was invariably a
successful and mostly a convincing speaker. It is as a man of
letters, however, that Mr. Connid will probably bust be known in
future years. He did not write much ; but he wrote well."— Da. R.
Shelton Mackenzte.
Conrad, Timothy Abbott, born 1803, in N. Jersey.
A distinguished naturalist. Fossil shells of the Tertiary
formations of the United States, 1S32. New Fresh-water
shells of the U. S., 1»34. Monogr.aphy of the Urioiiidae
of the U. S., 1836. Miocene shells of the U. S., 1838.
Papers describing new fresh-water shells and fossils of the
U. S. in Silliman's Journal. Pateontology of Palestine
expedition under command of Lieut. Lynch, in Jour. Aca.
Nat. Sei. Phil. Paleontology in New York State Ann.
Rep., 1838-40. Geological Report in 1837, as one of the
State Geologists of N. York. Palieontology of the Pacific
413
CON
COO
Kail Koad Survey in California, lS5i. Palaeontology of
the Mexican EuunJary Survey, conducted by JMujur Kuiory,
1S64.
Conroy, John. Custodian Reports, Dubl., 1795, 8vo.
Couset, Ileury. The Practice of Spiritual or Ec-
clesiaytical Courts, Lon., 16>i5, 1700, 'OS, Svo.
Consett, Matthew. Tmr thnuigh Sweden, Swedish
Lapland, Finland, and Denmark, Lon., 17S9, 4to; 1815,
12mo.
"A hasty tour, containing, however, many amusing observa-
tions, anecdotes, and little dcsciiptive sketches." — Lowndes.
Consett, Thomas. Church of Russia, &c., Lon.,
172i», 2 vols. Svo.
Const, Francis. Laws relating to the Poor, 6th ed.
by J. T. Pratt, Lon., 1S27, 2 vols. Svo.
" A valuable acquisition to ]iractitioners in this branch of the
law." — LowNOKs.
Constable, C. S. Catholic Emancipation, 1808, Svo.
Constable, F. Pathoraachia, or The Battle of
Afiet'lions; a Drama, 1630, 4to.
Constable, Henry, a poet, was educated at Oxford,
but took his bachelor's degree at St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, in 1579. Diana, or the excellent conceitful sonnets
of H. C., &c., Lon,, 1584, Svo. Reprinted for the members
of the Roxburgbe Club, by E. Liftledale, Esq., 1818, Svo.
Spiritual Sonnettes : see Hcliconia, vol. ii. Sonnets: see
Harleian Miscellany, vol. ix.
'■ Noble lleury Constable was a great master of the English
tongue; nor had any gentleman of our nation a moi'e pure, quick,
or higher delivery of conceit: witness, amon? all others, that sou-
net of his before his Majesty's Lepanto." — Edmund BoWai's Hy-
percritica.
" He was highly praised by Bolton, Ben Jonson. and others, and
Mr. Warton mentions him as a ' noted sonnet writer;' yet the I'ol-
lowHig, though as notable sonnets as his Diana coulj furnish, can
hardly entitle him to be denominated * the first sonnetteer of his
time.'" — Ellis''s Specimens: and see Malone's Sbakspeare, x. 74;
Todd's Milton, and Warton's Eng. Poetry.
Constable, John, was educated at Byham Hall, op-
posite Mertou College, Oxford, where in 1515 he took the
degree of M.A., and obtained great reputation as a poet
and rhetorician. Querela Veritatis. Epigrammata: both
in Latin, 1520.
Constable, John. Reflections on Accuracy of Style,
Lon., 1734, Svo. A mo.st important theme.
Coustancio, F. S.,M.D. An Appeal, Edin., 1797, Svo.
Constantine, William. Interest of England, 1642,
4to ; on Unity of the Protestant Religion.
Convenant, J. ilistoire des Dcrnieres R^volutiona
dans la Princepaiit6 d'Orauge, Lon., 1704.
Conway. The Depopulated Valej a Poem, Lon.,
1774, 4to.
Conway, Lord Viscount. Proceedings of the Eng-
lish Army in Ulster, Lon., 1642. 4to.
Conway, H. D. Tales of Ardennes, Lon., Svo.
'* The language of these Tales is gniceful. aud many of the de-
gcriptions are poetical." — Lim. Liferan/ Guzelte.
Conway, General Henry Seymour, 1720-1705,
Secretary of State from 1705 to 170S. Speech in II. of
Commons, Lon., 1780, Svo. Who can ever forget Conway,
that remembers the speeches of Edmund Burke? False
Appearances, a Comedy; altered from the French, f^S'J,
Svo. Conway Papers, 5 vols. Svo.
'■■ Think what I have in part recovered! Only the state papers,
private papers, Ac. &c. of the Lords Conway. Secretaries of State.
. . . They seem to have laid up every scrap of jiaper they ever had,
from the middle of Queen Klizabeth's reign to tbt- middle of Charles
the Si'cnud's. . . . Will here not be food for the press r'—i/onece
Walpnie in Gcnrqe M-miagut.
Sec Walpole's Letters to General Conway.
Conway, Sir John. Godly Meditations and Praiers
gathered out of the Sacred Letters and Vertuous Writers,
Lon.. Svo.
Conway, William. An Exortation to Charitie, very
neodefull at this Tymc, for echo Man and Woman to em-
brace, Lon., s. a. 16mo.
Couybeare, John, D.D., 1692-1755. admitted a bat-
tler of Exeter College, 1708; Fellow. 1710; Rector of St.
Clement's, Oxford. 1724; Rector of Exeter College, 17.S0 ;
Dean of Christ Church, 1732; Bishop of Bristol, 1750.
Serm. on Miracles, 1722, Svo, Highly esteemed. Sermon,
1724, Svo, Subscription to Articles of Religion, a Serm.,
1726, Svo. Very celebrated. Defence of Revealed Reli-
gion, in answer to Tindal's Christianity as Old as the Crea-
tion, 1732, Svo. An admirable confutation. Three edits,
in a year.
" One of the best-reasoned books in the world."— Bis noP War-
BURTON.
Other serms. After the bishop's death a collection of
his sermons was pub. for tlie licnefit of his family, in 2
Vols. Svo, 1757, on a subscription list of 4600 copies.
" His sermons abound with just and solid reflections, useful ol>
serralions on the conduct of human life, and clear reasouin.'js on
a variety of important subjects." — Lon. Mimlhhj l^evitw.
Some of Bishop Conybeare's sermons will be found in
Bishnp Randolph's Enchiridinn Theologicnm.
Conybeare, John Josias, 1779-1824, entered of
Christ Church. Oxford. 1797; elected to the Anglo-Saxon
Professorship, 1807; Profe.ssorof Poetry, 1812. TheBamp-
ton Lectures for 1821; on the interpretation of Scripture,
Oxf., 1824, Svo.
'This work contains much valuable information." — Bickersteth.
Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, edited by W. D. Co-
nybeare, 1826, Svo. This worli has done much to promote
the study of Anglo-Saxon literature. Large portions of
the Song of the Traveller and Beowulf will be found in tlio
volume. Mr. Conybeare was a contributor to the British
Bibliogriiphcr.
Conybeare, Very Rev. William Daniel, Dean
of Llandati", 17S7-1857, was born at his father's rectory,
St. Bntolph's, Bishopsgate; entered Christ Church Coll.,
Oxford, 1S05; took the degree of B.A., 1808, and M.A. in
1811. "Ho was one of the earliest promoters of the Geo-
logical Society; and the important services he has rendered
to geological science may be seen in his numerous papers
printed in the Society's Trans." Theological Lectures, in
3 parts. Lon., lS34;"2d ed., 1836. Svo.
" His theological lectures are beyond all praise."
"Much valuable and erudite information, conveyed in a popular
form- on the character of the Semitic dialects in general, wdl by
found in the essay appended." — Lowndes.
Bampton Lectures for 1839: On the Fathers during the
Ante-Niceno Period, Oxford, 1S39, Svo. Outlines of the
Geology of England and Wales, by W. D. C. and William
Phillips, 1822: Parti: all printed. Geological Memoir of
the Laudslij) in Devon, fob, 1840.
Conybeare, W.J,, son of the preceding, d. 1857; lato
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Principal of the
Collegiate Institution, Liverpool. Serms. preached in the
Chapel Royal at Whitehall, Lon., 1844, Svo. The Life
and Epistles of St. Paul, Lon., 1850-52, 2 vols. 4to. (Amer.
ed.. N.Y., 1854. 2 vols. Svo.) by W. J. G. and Rev. J. S.
Howson; the trans, of the Epistles and Speeches of St.
Paul by W. J. C. the narrative, archaeological, and gco-
grajihieal portions by the latter. This is one of the most
important contributions to theological literature since tho
Reformation.
*-The purpose of this work is to give a living picture of St. Paul
himself, and of the circumstances by which he was surrounded.
The biography of tho apostle must be compiled from two sources:
1st. his own letters; and 2dly, the narrative in the Acts of the
Apostles."
"A valuable help towards understanding the New Testament.
Tlie Greek and Latin quotations are almost entirely conllned to
the notes: any unlearned reader may study the text with ease auil
j>rofii:'~N. Brit. Re.v., Feb. 1854.
" It is our sober conviction that, as a guide to the true knowledjrn
of Paul's life and writings, it is worth any halfdozen commenta-
ries we have met with." — Rev. Dr. Sprague, of Albany.
Essays, Ecclesiastical and Social, Svo. Perversion, Svo.
Conyer.s, James. Serm., Lon., 1635.
Conyers, Richard. Med. Essays and Serm., I729-G4.
Conyers, Tobias, Serm., 16.^9, 4to.
Coode, G. Remarks on Legislative Expression, or
the Language of the Written Law, Lon., 1845, Svo: 2d
ed., 1852.
" To statesmen, capable of clo.se thought, and to well-educated
lawyei's, this extremely able tieafise will boof mneh value, if they
choose to profit by it; to the herd of ordinary draftsmen it will lio
utterly unintelligible. Its object is to teach these persons the ru-
diments of the art of expressing laws." — 2 N. S. Law Hhig., 413.
Cook. The Eng. Sch<...UJIiistcr, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Cook, Anrelian. Tilus Brilunnicus, 16S5, Svo.
Cook,Ebenezer. The Sal Weed Factor; or, A Voy-
age to Maryland; a Satire, Lun., 4 to.
Cook, Edward. Duello Foiled. See Hearne's Col-
lection, ii. 223.
Cook, Eliza, b. 1817, the daughter of a tradesman in
the borough of Southwark, near London, gained consider-
able reputation when in her 20th year, as a poetical con-
tributor to some of the higher class of London periodicitla
— The New Mnnthly Magazine, The Metropolitan, Tlio
Literary Gazette, <fee. In 1840 a vol. of her poems was
pub. in London, and was repub. in New York in 184!,
under the title of Melaia, and other Poems. Many edit.-*.
of her poems, considerally augmented, have been since
pub. in England and America. The Old Arm Chair, Tho
Old Farm Gate, Home in the Heart. The Last <iood-Byc,
and^I Miss Thee, My Mother! are known to and lovedby
thousands, both old and young. In September. 1S49, ap-
peared the first number of Eliza Cook's Journnl.
" I am anxious," she remarks, " to give my feeble aid to the gl-
coo
pantic stru2!;le for intellectual elevation now poing; on, and fling
my fnfi-;^i^s and will into a cause whefe my lieart will zealously
aiiiiiiiifc iiiv duty."
Such pliihuithropic aspirations were not doomed to dis-
ai'i'ointincnt : — Eliza Cook's Journal now (IST^i) stands
aiuuii^ the tiryt in point of popularity and circulation in
the list of periodicals, which have done so much for the
mental culture of Great Britain and America.
'■The characteristics of her poetry are, great frcudom, ease, and
heartiness of sentiment and expression; and slie makes you fi^el
at once that her whole heart is in all she writes: that she gives full
utttMance to the depths of her soul — a soul that is in sympathy
Willi all that is pure aud true." — Prof. Cleveland; Etig. Lit. of the
VJth Crntui\v.
Cook, F. C- Poetry for Schools. Comment, on Acts,
186U, 12mo.
"This little book is rbiefly designed for publii- or popular Kchools;
and thi- .^iel'Ttions have been made upnu the high piinciple of ex-
pa intiiig tlir intellects of the pupils, aud humauj^iug and elevating
their seiitimi-nts." — Spuctufor.
Cook, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1641, '45, '50.
Cook, George. Perm., 1805, 4to.
Cook, George, D.D., of Laurence Kirk. Iliat. of the
Eeiormation in Scotland, Edin., 1811, 3 vols. 8vo, and 1819.
''The author is a friend to civil and religious liberty; he has
done justii-e to the talents and charact+^r of the Reformers, and
evinced much industry and impartiality in examiuing the author-
ities from which he has taken his materials." — McCrie's Life '>/
Knox.
Hist, of the Church of Scotland, Lon., 1815. 3 vols. 8vo.
See Edin. Review, xxvii. 163. Reality of Christ's Kesur-
rectjou. 1808, 8vo.
'• A Well-written and valuable book." — Bntish Critic.
Substance of a Speech in the G. Assembly, 1816, Svo.
Cook, J, Address to the Public on the Prevention of
Crime, 1793, 8vo.
Cook, Captain James, a celebrated circumnaviga-
tor, b. in Yorkshire, 1728, killed in a quarrel with the na-
tives at Owhyhee, one of the Sandwicli Iwlands, iu 1799.
Of Cook's First Voyage, 1768-71, an account will be found
in Dr. Hawkesworth's collection, including voyages of By-
ron, Wallis, Carteret, and Cook, pub. Lon., 1773, 3 vols. 4to.
Captain Cook's account of his Second Voyage, 1772-75,
was pub, in 2 vols. 4to, Lon., 1777. His Account of his
Third Voyage, 1776-79, with its conclusion by Captain
King, 1 779, '80, was pub. in 3 vols. 4to, Lou., 1784, '85. Ac-
count of the Three Voyages, pub. iu 7 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1821,
and in 2 vols. 8vo, 1842. See Dibdin's Lil)rary Companion ;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; and read Dr. Kippis's Life of Cook
iu Biog. Brit.
"The spirit, disinterestedness, penetration, physical and intel-
lectual energies of Captain James Cook, titted Lim in an especial
manner for the various and extraordinary discoveries which he so
successfully accomplished, and to which, alas! he fell a vi<-lim and
a sacrifice. Never were such labours closed by such a tragical ca-
tastrophe; and if the eulogies of the good and the wise of all coun-
tries be grateful to depart+^d spirits, surely there is no spirit which
can be soothed with purerattestations of worth, and higher acknow-
ledgments of excellence, than that of this unparalleled and most
unfortunate commander." — Dibdiii''s Lib. Camp.
The eight 4to vols, referred to above, fthe Admiralty
edit.,) comprehending accounts of Cook's inrce voyages,
are richly ornamented with plates by Bartolozzi, Basire,
Pouncey, Lerpiniere, and other eminent engravers.
" This noble set of books is the tittest monument raised to Eng-
land's greatest navigator. All the literary and artistic resources
of the age were employed in it, and there is no greater ornament
to a public or private library."
Cook, John. Redintegratio Amoris. Lon., 1647, 4to.
Passage from Sea from Wexford to Kinsale, 1650, 4to.
Monarchy no Creature of God's Making, wherein is proved
thai the Execution of the Late King was one uf the Fattest
Sacrilices that ever Queen Justice had, Waterf., 1652, Svo;
new ed., 1794, Svo. Other treatises.
Cook, or Cooke, John. Green's Tu Quoque : or the
Cittie Gallant; a Play of much humour, Lon., 1614, 4to.
He also wrote ^>0 Epigrams.
Cook, John. Serm., Lou.. 1675, 4to.
Cook, John, D.D., Prof, of Divinity at St. Andrews.
In.|niry into the Books of the New Testament, Edin., 1821,
" He treats of the elements of theology, of the interpretation,
the authenticity, the integrity of the text, the purpose nnd style,
and the divinity of the revelation of the New Testament. On all
these subjects the work deserves to be consulted." — On me : BibJ. Bib.
" Amasterlv treatise on Sacred Criticism." — T. If. Home' n hi f mi/.
On a similar plan with the lectures of Bishop Marsh.
See Lon. Eclectic Review, N. S., xviii. 310.
Cook, John, D.D., of Hadrlington. Styles of Writs
and Forms of Procedure in the Church Court^* of Scotland,
revised and ada])ted to the Present State of the Law of the
Church, Edin., 1850, Svo.
'• A work which ouL'lit to be on the table of every Presbyter,
and iu the Library of every parish minister." — £din. Advertiser.
coo
Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,
from IS4;i to 1S60, inclusive, imp. Svo,
"Tbi'sn Acts contain a great mass of liti-ation, generally of a
sound practical character, a iinowlcdgo of wliicli is aljsoluUJIy in-
diypcnsjilile to every member of our Church Courts."' — tdhi. Adrcr.
Cook, John, M.D. Philosophy Unveiled, 172.1, .Svo.
Cook, John, M.D. Voyages and Travels tlin.uKli the
Russian Empire, Tartary, itc, Edin., 1770, 2 vols. Svo.
Cook, M. Waste in Dross, Lon., 1787, Svo.
took, Moses. Raising, Ac. Forest and Fruit Trees,
*tc., ltJ7()-7y, &c.
Cook, S. Answer to Lord .ShufEcld on the Navin-ation
System, ISOt.
Cook, Captain S. E. Sketches in Spain during tba
years lS29-:i2, Lon., 18.14, 2 vols. Svo.
■' Full of cuiious iuformation, aud anecdotes not to be met with
elsewlicre."'
Cook, Thomas. Industry ami Idleness; forming a
part of a new edit, of the Works of Hogarth, 1796.
Cook, W. H., M.D., b. 18.12, in New York City; Prof,
of Tlierapeutics, itc, in the Pliysio-Medieal Coll., Ohio.
Treatise on the Dysentery, 1855. Principles and Practice
of Physio-Medical Surgery, Cincinnati, 1857, Svo.
Cook, William. Warmin,n;liy Pipes ; Phil. Trans., 1745.
Cooke, of the Inner Temple. Chronica Juridicalia,
Lon., Ui85, Svo. Argumeiitum Anti-Normanicum, 1082,
Svo. See this answered in Brady's Introd. to Old Eng. Hist.
Cooke. Remark. Declarations and Speeches, 1H81, fol.
Cooke. Trans, of Histoire de I'Editde Nantes, 161l4,4to.
Cooke, Alexander. Pope .l(}nne ; proving that a
woman called .Joan was Pope of Rtnne, Lon., 1010, 4to ;
with addits., 1625. See Harleian Miscellany, vol. iv. In
French, Sedan, 1633, 8vo. Worke, more Worke, and a little
more Worke for a Masse-Priest, Lon., 1628; best edit..
1630, 4to. The Weather Cocke of Rome's Religion, 1625,
4to. The Abatement of Popish Braggs, pretending Scrip-
ture to be theirs, 1625, 4to.
'' Cooke was a person most .admirably well read in the controver-
sies between the protestants and the papists, vers'd in the lathers
and schoolmen, a great Calvitiist. yet witty and ingenious, and a
satyrical enemy in his writings against the llomanists." — Antuokt
"Woot^.
Cooke, Anne. See Bacon, Lady Anne.
Cooke, Uenjamin. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738, '45,
'47; Nat. Philos., llorticnUure, &c.
Cooke, Uenjamin, d. 1793, a composer of mnsio.
Cooke, Benjamin, Con. to Nic. Jour., 1809, '10,
*11, '12; Nat. Philos. and Domestic Economy.
Cooke, Sir Charles, Commerce of G. B. and Ireland.
Cooke, E. Prospective Glass of War, 1628.
Cooke, E. W. Shipping and Craft, Lon., 1829, r. 4to ;
65 etchings.
'•Tlicse illustrative etchings are of a very surprising character.
They are executed in a bold and niasterl.v style, wliich, coupled with
the fidelity of the design, shows uncommon power."' — Lnn. Times.
Cooke, Edward. A .just and seasonable Reprehen-
sion of Naked Breasts and Shoulders ; with a preface by
Richard Baxter, L<m., 1678, Svo.
Cooke, Edward. Magna Charta, Lon., 1680, 12mo.
Cooke, Edward. Certain Passages which happened
at Newport, Nov. 29, 1648, relating to Charles I., Lon.,
1690, 4to.
" In this pamphlet are several things worth reading that were
never before pulilished.'" — jHln'tt. Oj-fin.
Reprint, with Sir Thos. Herbert's Memoirs of K. Chas. I.
Cooke, Edward. Love's Triumph, etc. ; aTrag., Lon.,
1678, 4to.
Cooke, Edward. A Serm., Lon., 1719, Svo.
Cooke, Edward. Union between Q. B. and Ireland,
1798.
Cooke, Captain Edward. Voyage to the South
Seas and round the World, Lon., 1712, 2 vols. Svo.
Cooke, Elizabeth. See Ri'sskll, Lapv Elizabijth.
Cooke, Elisha, d. 1737, of M.ass. Political tracts.
Cooke, V. Universal Letter-Writer, Lon., ISl'.l, 12mo.
Cooke, G. Wingrove. Memoirs of Lord Boling-
broke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. Svo. Life of the Earl of Shaftes-
bury, edited by G. W. C, 1836, 2 vols. Svo.
'■An invaluable piece of biography, and one of great interest,
relating to the most instructive portion of our history — the wars
between Charles I. and his Parliament." — Lon. AUiencetim.
The History of Party; 2d edit, 1840. 3 vols. Svo.
''Mr. Co^ike's work is a valuable one. He has laboured zealouslj
antl well." — Lfin. Globe.
Treatise on the Law of Defam.ation, 1S44, 12mo.
*■ This is one of the latest and best books on the Law of Defama-
tion."— Marrin^s Legal Bibl.
Inclosnre of Commons: 3d edit., 1856, 12mo. Enfran-
chisement of Copyholds, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853. Law
and Practice of Agricultural Tenancie.s, 1851, Svo.
421
coo
coo
"There is much wading in order to arrive at a usefiil truth. The
time is now come to disentangle nefrotiations such as a farming
tenancy from all feudal entertainments, and place them on sound
economical principles, and the intelii^encies of common sense, rea-
Bon. ana simple notice." — Drmaldsrm^s AaricuU. Birg.
China in 1857-58, Lun., 1858. Commended.
Cooke, George. Etchings of Views of London and
its Vicinity; 50 cngravinf^s, 1326-28, r. 4to. Thames
Scenery; 75 engrarings, Lon., 1822, r. 4to. See H. Q.
Bohn's Guinea Catalogue, Lon., 1841. Also refer there to
Cooke, E. W., and W. I).
Cooke, Sir George. Reports of Cases in the C. P.,
Ac., and Rules, Orders, Ac. in the K. B., Lon., 1740-42, fol.
Cooke, Henry. Serm., Camb., 1704, 4to.
Cooke, J. ,Serm., 1X12, Svo.
Cooke, J. A. Now Orders of the H. C. of Chancery ;
2d ed.. Lon., 1S42, 12mo.
" This is said to be a meat^re and indifferent pnblic.ition." See
2 Jurist, 971.
Cooke, James. Juridica Deterrainatio trium Ques-
tionum de Majestate, 0.\on., 1608, 4to.
Cooke, James. Melliflcium Chivurgia; ; or, the Mar-
row of Chirurgery, Anatomy, and Physiek, much enlarged,
Ac, Lon., 1616, Svo; Supplement, 1655, 12mo.
Cooke, James. Drill Husbandry perfected, 1784.
Cooke, John, of Canterbury. Serms.,! 729, 2 vols.Svo.
" Qua; conciones multum laudautur,'' — ]Vittchu BibUot/teca Theo-
logica.
Cooke, John. Compting H. Assistant, 1761, 12mo.
Cooke, John, Rector of AVentnor. S.alop. .Sermon,
177.% Svo. The Preacher's Assistant, Oxford, nS'i, 2 vols.
Svo : vol. i. containing the Texts of Serms. and Dis-
courses pub. since the Restoration; vol. ii. The Authors, and
a succinct view of their worlis.
" I refer the reader to this, as a useful cat.alogue from which he
may select such writers of sermons as he may think tit for his
library; for where all are equally good, it would he presumptuous
in me to attempt to particularize the best," — Hisuoi' ^V^TsoN.
'■If continued to the present time, and made to include Com-
mentaries and Treatises founded on chapters and texts, and printed
in a smaller type, so as to come into one volume, it being only
wanted for reference, it would bean invaluable work for ministers.
For older Treatises, Ac. see A Catalogue of our English Writers in
the Old and New Testaments, 12mo, Vmir—Bichratetli's Chris-
tian Siiidftit.
Cooke, John. De Intestinis eorumque afiectibus in
gencre, Ultr., 16 IS, 4(o.
Cooke, John. Trans. Iri.sh Acad., 17S0, 1818 ; Steam
Engine ; Inslrnnient for Navigation ; Wheel Carriages.
Cooke, John. Hist, Account of Greenwich Hii,»pital,
by ,T. C. and Mr. Maull, 17S9, 4to. Sermon, 17S9, Svo.
Voyage of the Earl of Sandwich, 1799, 4to.
Cooke, John. Confess, of a Deist, 1796, Svo. Let-
ters, 1797. Memoirs and Remains of G. Redford, 1828, Svo.
Cooke, John. Circular Atla.s, 1801. See Nic. Jour.
1801.
Cooke, John. Serms., Birmingham. IS.IS, Svo.
" Written in an unpretending style, and while thev are correct
in their views, are pleasing as to manner." — British Mog.
Cooke, John, M.D. Profess, treatises, Lon., 1730-
89 : medical, medical botany, chemical, and antiquarian.
Cooke, John Conrade. Cookery and Confectionary.
" The present work cannot be surpassed by Gunter, Jarrin, llde,
or Iteauvilliers." — tnn. JAUrary Maq-net.
Cooke, John Esteu, b.'l830, at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, brother of Philip Pendleton Cooke. 1. Leather
Stocking and Silk. 2. The Virginia Comedians; from the
MSS. of C. Effingham, Esq.
" The period of the storv is about the middle of the last century :
the place Williamsburg. Virginia, and its vicinity; the characters
Virginia gentlemen of that day and generation, among whom
comes Beatrice HalLam. the leading actress of a company of come-
dians of that ilk. and one of the most striking, truthful, and
lovable characters in modern fiction. The interest of the book
never flags. The characters are such that we cannot be indifferent
to them, and the author absorbs us in their actions and their fate."
'A. Y-'.-'h of JeBersuu. 4. Henry St. John, Gentle-
man, NaiT York, 1858. Contributor to the Southern Lite-
rary Messenger.
Cooke, Joseph. Tbeolog. Essays, 1S06, 'OS. '11.
Cooke, Layton. The Gr.azier's" Manual; being Ta-
bles showing the net weight of Cattle, Calves, Sheep, and
Swine, on new princiides, Lon., 1819, 12mo.
" A neat volume of most useful materials." — VonaJdsnn's Agri-
cult. Sing.
Cooke, Nath. Treatises on Polit. Economy. Lon.,
179S, ISII, Svo. Immortality of the Soul. ISIH, 4to.
Cooke, Philip Pendleton, 1S16-1S50, a native of
Berkeley county, Virginia. 1. Froissart Ballads, and other
Poems. 2. The Cbev<alier Merlin : in course of publica-
tion in the Southern Lilerary Messenger at the time of
Mr. Cooke's death. Mr. Cooke eontributeil many papers
to the above-named m.agaziue and other periodicals.
422
"UiHloubtcdly Philip Pendleton Cooke was one of the truest
poets of our day, and what he has left was full of promise that ho
would become one of the most famous." — Dr, R. W. Griswold.
"In its rare and peculiar excellence, in delicately-touched senti-
ment, Florence Vane has the merit of an antique song." — Duyo-
kincks^ Cijc. ff Amcr. Lit.
" The CJievalur Merlin is less a novel than a prose poem. No
one but Mr, Co(.ke could have written it." — Edg.^r A. PoE.
Cooke, Richard. A White Sheet; a Serm. on Heb.
xiii. 4, Lon., 1629, 4to.
Cooke, or Cocus, Robert. Censura quonindum
Seriptorum quae sub Noniinibus Siinctorum et Veterum
Auctorum Pontificiis citari soleut, Lon., 1614, 1623-29, 4to.
Cooke, Samnel, of Mass. Serms., 1748-71.
Cooke, Shadrach. Serms., 1686-1723.
Cooke, Thomas. Episcopiicy Asserted, 1641.
Cooke, Thomas. Serms., 1702, '12, Svo.
Cooke, Thomas. Christian Sacrifices, 1704, 4to.
Cooke, Thomas, Funeral Serm., 1709, 4to.
Cooke, Thomas, 1702 ?-1756, a native of Braintree,
Essex, a poet and man of learning. In 1725 he pub. a
poem entitled The Battle of the Poets, in wltich Pope,
Swift, and others were treated with more freedom thaa
reverence. But Cooke excited Pope's ire to a much higher
pitch by publishing in The Daily Journal in 1727 a tr.ans.
of the episoile of 'Thersites in the 2d book of tlie Iliad, to
show the blunders of Pope. For this exposure, and Cooke's
share in Penelope, a Farce, the reader already anticipates
the penalty. If Pope was not a Hellenist, he was an ex-
cellent satirist, and Mr. Cooke was at once placed in the
literary pillory yclep'd The Dunciad. In a subsequent
edit, of 'The Battle of the Poets, Cooke notices this con-
temptible conduct of Popo, and speaks with little respect
of his
'• Philosophy or dignity of mind who could be provoked by what
a boy writ concerning his translation of Homer, and in verses
which gave no long promise of duration."
The Knights of the Bath. 1725. The Triumph of Love
and Honour, a Play. The Eunuch, a Farce. The Mourn-
ful Nuptials, a Trag. Life and Writings of A. Marvell,
1726. 2 vols. 12nio. Trans, of Hesiod, 1728; of Cicero on
the Nature of the tiods, Poems, 1742. Trans, of Plautua,
vol. i., 1754; all pub.
'■ Dr. .tohn.son told us of Cooke who translated Ilesiod. and lived
twenty years on a translation of iqautus. for which he was always
taking in subsci'iptions; and that he presented Foote to a club in
the following singular manner — 'This is the nephew of a gentle-
man who was lately hung in chains for murdering his brother,'"—
Bosweirs Tour to the Hebrides.
Cooke, Thomas. Serm., 1752. Essay, 1753.
Cooke, Thomas. The King Cannot Err,Com.,(1762,)
12mo. The Hermit Converted. (1771.) Svo.
Cooke, VV. Trans, of G. Zollikofer's Sermons, 1807-
14, 11 vols. Svo.
"These Sermons breathe the pure and gentle spirit of Chris-
tianity, and exhibit religion to our view in the most animated and
alluring ii."irni."
Cooke, W. Notes to Morgagni's Seats and Causes of
Diseases. Philn.. 2 vols. Sv(X
Cooke, William. Vindication of the Professors
and Profession of the Law, 1642, 4to. What a book for
lawyers !
Cooke, William. Infant B.aptism, 1644, '51, 4to.
Cooke, William. Inquiry into the Patri.arcbal and
Druidical Religion. Temples, Ac, Lon., 1755, 4to. The
Medallio History of Imperial Rome, 1781, 2 vols. 4to.
Other works.
Cooke, William, 1757-1S32, a law writer of London,
of considerable eminence. Bankrupt Laws, 1786 ; Sth ed.,
with addits. by Goo. Roots, 1823, 2 vols. r. Svo. This was
long the standard upon the subject, but has now become
obsolete excelling for reference to the old statutes.
Cooke, William, d. 1824, a native of Cork, settled
in London, and obtained some celebrity as a writer. The
Art of Living in London; a Poem. The Elements of
Dram.atic Criticism, 1775, Svo. The Capricious Lady; a
Cora,, 17S3, Svo. Conversation, a Didactic Poem, 1796,
4to; 2d ed., 1S07. Svo; 4tb ed., IS 15. A poem of great
merit. Memoirs of C. JIacklin, Svo. Memoirs of Sam.
Foote, with some of his writings, 1805, 3 vols. Svo.
Cooke, William, Fellow of King's College, Cam-
bridge, Greek Prof, at that University from 1780 to 1790.
Serms., 1780, '81. Aristotelis de Re Pootica, 1785, Svo.
Pra'lectio ad auctuni publicum habita, Cantab.. 17S7. 4to.
The Revelalions trnnslateil. examined, and explained
throughout, with Keys, Illustrations, Notes, and Com-
ments. Ac, Lon., 1789, Svo. This work has been severely
criticized :
" A writer who can discover the .Towish church in the Iliad,
and Chiistianitv in the I'dyssev. may certainly lilid whatever ha
pleases in the Book of Itevelatiuu ; but it is not equally certain
coo
coo
that he is qualified to detect the fallacies of Joseph Mede and to
prove him mistaken, false, and erroneous." — Lon. Munth. Kev.^
N.S., iii. 148.
"A veiy useless and trifling performance, and noticed here
merely to prevent the reader's beini; taken in — as the author once
was — by ordering it." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Cooke, William, Surgeon. Profess, treatises, 1810/11.
Cooke, William. Geography, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Cooke, William. Isle of Wight, Southamp., 1813,
8vo.
Cooke, William. Sermons, 1847, '50.
Cooke, William B, Southern Coast of England,
1S17-27. Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to. For other wurks of this
eminent artijit. see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and H. G. Bohn's
Guinea Cat., 1841.
Cookesey, John. Serm., Lon., 1743, '57, *60.
Cookesley, William, Surgeon. Profess, treatises,
17ofi, ic., in Ed. Med. Ess., v. p. 427, and Med. Obs. and
Inq., iii. p. 64.
Cookesley, William G. Serms., Lon., 1843-44, 2
vols. 8vo.
" Sound and niodr-rate in doctrine, earnest in their exhortations,
and well suitt'il tor th.i purposes of family and domestic worship."
—Churcli Olid Sdif^ (;-i:^rUe.
Cooksey, llichard. Essay on L(trd Somers. and
Philip, Earl of Hardwieke ; proposed to be inserted in a
compendious Hist, of Worcestershire, Lou., 1791, 4to.
*' An esteemed VFork."
Miscellaneous Poems, 1796, Svo.
Cookson, J., M.D. Phil. Trans., 1735, '45: Med.
and Magnetism.
Cookson, Rev. James. Polygamy, 1782. Prayer
Book, 1811.
Coole, JtenJ. Reflections on a Letter on Locke's Pa-
raphrase and Notes, 1717, Svo.
Cooley, Arnold James. Pharmaceutical Latin
Grammar, 1S45, Lon., 12mo.
•■Illustrated by apposite quotations on medical suhjects." —
Med. Gaz.
Cyclopcedia of Practical Keceipts; 3d ed., 185S, Svo,
pp. 1350.
" A compendious dictionary of reference to the manufacturer,
tradesman, and amateur." — Preface.
Cooley, James Ewing, h. 1802. in Massachusetts.
The American in Egypt, &.i.: in 1831», "40, N. York, Svo.
Cooley, William D. Euclid's Elements; Figures
of Euclid; both. ls;j'J, 12mo. Geomet. Propos., 1810, 12mo.
The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and E.xplaiaed,
Lon., 1841, Svo.
" A truly classical work." — Count G. da Kemso.
Hist, of Maritime and Inland Discovery, 1830, 3 vols.
Svo; and 1846.
" A comprehensive and well-written sketch." — McCnxocn.
The World Surveyed in the 19th Century; vol. i,. Par-
rot's Ascent of Mount Ararat, 1845, Svo; vol. ii., iii., Er-
man's Travels in Siberia, 1848, 2 vols. Svo.
'* Mr. Cooley has done the causf^ of knnwk-dse much pcoori service
by his able and vigorous translatiouof Mr. Krnian's v.iluablework.
To no more skilful hands could the task have been intrusted." —
Dublin Review.
Claudius Ptolemy and the Nile, 1854, Svo.
Cooling, Dennis. Assize Serm., 171)8. 4to.
Coombe, Thomas, D.D., a native of Philadelphia,
bani-^bed at the time of tiic Revolution ; afterwards became
Prebenilary of Canterbury. 1. Tbe Peasant of Auburn,
or The Emigrant; a Poem, Lon., 1775. 2. Serms., <fec., 1771,
'83, '89.
Coombe, William, 1741-1823. 1. Tbe Diabolaid; a
Poem. 2. Devil iii)un Two Sticks in England. 3. Royal
Register, (7. v.) 4. Lettt-rs which parsed under the name of
Lord Lyttleton. 5. River Thames. 6. Tours of Dr. Syn-
tax in Search of the Picturesque, &c., 3 vols. Svo, coloured
plates. A popular work. 7. The English Dance of Death.
8. The Dance of Life. 9. History of Johnny Quie Genus.
Coombes, W. Trans, of C. Brancadoro's oration at
funeral of Pius VI., &.c., 1800.
Cooper. Poetical Blossoms. 1793. 12mo.
Cooper, 1. Serm. 2. Poem, 1790. *97.
Cooper, A. Complete Distiller, Lon., 1757, Svo.
Cooper, Alexander. Essay upon the Chronology
of the Wurld. Edin.. 1722. Svo.
•■ It is not a book whi'-h will satisfy a person who is acquainted
with the present stattt of ohronolofrical and Viil)li<-;d science; but it
affords evidence that the author studied the Scripture and the his-
tory of the world very (dosdy; and was desirous of promoting the
honour of the sacred vnlume." — Orin"'n Bib!. Hih.
Cooper, Andrew. The History of the English Civil
Warrs; in English Verse, Lon., 16ii0, Svo.
'' Little more than a gazette or journal of passing events, in halt-
Insj rhyme." — Lowm>fs,
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first Earl of Shaftesbury,
1621-1683, a distinguished politician, educated at Exeter
Cnllege, O.\ford, the son of Sir John Conper. Baronet, exer-
cised a commanding influence upnii the events of his time.
Ilis intellectual character was much admired by John
Lcicke, who is supposed to have been indebted for the
groundwork of his celebrated essay on Toleration to an
outline drawn u]> by his lordship. A list of Speeches, Ac,
by this distinguished nobleman will be found in Park's
Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
" He canted tyranny under Cromwell, practised it under Charles
the Second, and dis^;;raced the cause of liberty by being the busiest
instrument for it, when every other party had rejected him." —
IlORACK Walpole.
'■ For close desir^ns and crnokpd counsels fit,
t^;i^';ir-ious, bnid, and turl'ulent of wit:
j;.'st!i.-ss. untised iu prioiiples and place;
In puw'r unpleas'd. impatit-nt of disgrace.'*
Drydim's Absalom and Achitophd.
But after this satire was published, his lordship nominated
Dryden's son to a scholarship iu the Charter House, where-
upon the poet thus made the amende honm-able for his
savage assault. He tells us of Lord Chancellor Shaftes-
bury :
"In Israel's court ne'er sat an Abethdin
■\Vith more discerning eyes, or hands more clean:
Unbrib'd, unsought, thu wretched to redress,
Swift of despatch, and easy of access.''
"Charles the Sewnd said to him one day, 'Shaftesbury. T believe
thou art the wickedest fellow in my dominions.' Ue bowed, and
replied, * Of a subject, sir, I believe I am.' "
'■ The celebrated Shaftesbury : of powers as universal as his am-
bition was unbounded; the idol of the rabble at Wapping; the wit
and man nf fashion among the fourticrsat Whitehall, and a states-
man in the House of Lords; whom the King, after listening to him
in a d.'bate. pronnunred tit to teach his liisliops divinity, and hia
jiulgi-s ];i\v; a niiiiister, a patriot, a chancellor. and a demagogue;
in whatever direction he moved, the man on whom all eyes were
to be turned; to whom nothing was wanting but virtue." — ProJ",
Siuf/f/i's Led. on MimI. Hist.
A Life of the Earl, by G. Wixgrote Cooke (7. r.) was
pub. in 1836. See Biog. Brit. ; Burnet's Own Times ; Athan.
Oxon.
Cooper,Anthony Ashley, third Earl of Shaftesbury,
1671-171;^. grandson of the above, bad his early studies in
part directed by John Locke, and was instructed in Latin
and Greek by a lady of tbe name of Birch, who spoke these
languages with ease and fluency. Under her care he be-
came no contemptible scholar when only 11 or 12 years of
age. at which time he was placed at Winchester School.
After travelling on the Continent, he entered Parliament,
and his remarkable ^^pohxjy for a ajieech on High Treason
is still celebrated. In 1711 be again visited the Continent,
and died at Naples, Feb. 4, \~\?>. His Letter concerning
Enthusiasm appeared in 1708. The Moralist, a Philoso-
phical Rhapsody, 1709. Sensus Communis, 1710. This
is '*a recital of certain conversations on natural and moral
subjects." Soliloquy, or Advice to an Author, 1710. Let-
ters written by a Noble Lor<l to a Young jMan at the Uni-
versity, 1716. Letters to Robert Molesworth, Esq., 1716.
Judgment of Hercules. Letter concerning Design. But
his most celebrated work was his Characteristics of Men,
Matters, Opiiiions, and Times, 1711-23, 3 vols. Svo, and in
17^12. Many sentiments in the Characteristics are consi-
dered as unfavourable to Cbrii-tianity.
"Mr. pope told me, that, to his knowledge, the characteristics
had done more harm to Revealed Iteligi'in in England than all the
works on Infidelity put together." — ItiSHOP Wahiivrton.
This would seem to prove that his lordship found many
readers of as shallow perceptions as his own. His Inquiry
concerning Virtue is highly commended by Sir James
Mackintosh, who does not admire bis ordinary style:
"Grace belongs only to natural movements: and Lord Shaftes-
bury, notwithstanding the freiiuent beauty of his thoughts and
language, has rarely attained it. . . . He had great power nfthnuL'ht
and conmiand over words. But he had no talent for inventing
character, and bestowing life on it. The Inquiry concerning Vir-
tue is nearly exempt from the faulty ]>ecnliarilies nf the author;
the method is perlect, the reasoning just, the style precise and
clear." — Prelini. Dissert, to Enci/c. Brit.
Blair takes him to task for want of simplicity and ease:
" Ilis lordship can express nothing with simplicity. He seems
to have considered it as vulgar, and beneath the dignity of a man
of quality to speak like otlier men. Hence he is ever in buskins;
full of circumlocutions and artifii-ial elegance. In every sentence
we see tbe marks of labour and ai-t: nothing of that ease which
expresses a sentiment coming natural and warm from the heart.
Of figures nod ornament of every kind he is exceedingly fond. —
sometimes happ\ in them; but his fondness for them is too visible;
and having once laid hold of some metaphor or allusion that pleases
him. he knows not how to part with it." — Lectures on Rhetoric and
Bellf-i-Lrllres.
His great admirer, Horace Walpole, cannot brook hia
oratorical flourishes :
"His writings are much more estimable for the virtues of his
mind than for their stylo and manner. Ue delivers hl= doctrinea
42i
coo
In ecstafic dilution, like one of the Ma^i inculcating philosophic
visions to an Etstern auditory." — R. and N. Autlmrs.
Bishop Warburton is for a time uncommonly gracious,
though afterwards not so courteous :
" Tb8 nolile authnr of the Cbaracterislics had many excellent
qualities, both as a man and a writer. lie was tempenite, chaste,
honest, and a lover of his country. In his writings he has shown
how much he has inihibed the deep sense, and how peneially he
could copy the pracious manner, of Plato." — D^d. to The Free
Thitikf rs. pvffiieil to t'le Diviite Li/jatiOJi.
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, fourth Earl of Shaftes-
bury, only son of the iirei-eiling, wrote a life of his father
for the (jeneral Biog. Dictionary; see vol. i.'i. 179, 17.39.
He seems to have been a much wiser man than his father,
for we are tohl that
" Tliere never existed a man of more benevolence, mor.al worth,
and true piety." — Bishop IIoxTiNi^Foan.
We must say that we prefer his Characteristics to his
father's. Maurice Ashley t'on])er, brother to the third Earl,
added to the literary honours of the family by a trans, of
Xenopbon's Cvropedia.
Cooper, Sir Astlcy Paston, Bart, 1768-1841, son
of the Kev. Dr. Cooper, Rector of Yelvcrton and Morley,
Norfolk, studied surgery under his uncle, William Cooper,
surgeon to Guy's Hospital, and the celebrated Mr. Cline.
The latter assigned him a sh.ire in his anatomical lectures,
and Mr. Cooper's class rapidly increased from 60 to 400
students, the largest class ever known in London, In 1792
he visited Paris, and attended the lectures of Desault at
the Hotel Dieu, and those of Chopart. Returning to Lon-
don, he resided alternately in Jeffrey-Square, New Broad-
Street, and New-Street, Spring Gardens. His practice was
very large, and in 1822 he realized the largest sum ever re-
ceived by a medical practitioner — £22,000. For some years
his receipts averaged £18,000 to £20,000. He was made
a biironct at the coronation of George IV., in 1821. The
Anatomy and .'Surgical Treatment of Inguinal and Conge-
nital Hernia, Lon., 1804, fol. Crural and Umbilical Her-
nia, 1807, fol. Con. to Phil Trans., 1800: to Med. Chir.
Trans., 1809, '11, '13. Surgical Essays, by Sir A. P. C.
and B. Travers. P.irt 1, 1S18. Principles and Practice of
Surgery, ed. by F. Tyrrell. 1824, '2.^ '27, 3 vols. 8vo; ed.
by Dr. Alex. Lee, Lon., 1836-41. .3 vols. Svo. The Anato-
my and Diseases of the Breast, 1840, 4to. The Testis and
the Thymus Gland ; 2d ed., ed. by Bransby B. Cooper, 1841,
r. 4to. Dislocations and Fractures of the Joints; ed. by
B. B Cooper, 1842, Svo. Amcr. edit., with addit. ob.serva-
tions by Prof. J. C. Warren, Phila., Svo. Sir Astley left
addits. in MS. for tliis new edition. Anatomy and Surgi-
cal Treatment of Hernia; new edit., Lon., 1S44, imp. Svo.
The original edit, is entirely out of print. Life of Sir
Astley P. Cooper, Bart., interspersed with sketches of dis-
tinguished characters, by [his nephew] B. B. Cooper, 1843,
2 vols. Svo.
" Sir Astley was principally distinguished as a hold operator, a
decided practitioner, and asa most industrious and popular teacher.
Perhaps no man ever taught any branch of medicine who possessed
more of this element of ^reat succe.ss. His manners were of the
most enu.aginjj; kind, white his attention, urbanity, and regard for
his pupils, were of the most exemplary character.'*— Kobeut Dun-
D.\s Thomson, M.D.
Although a bold operator, as Dr. Thomson remarks, Sir
Astley seems to have been a very graceful cue. Mr. Petti-
grew tells us :
"The li^ht and elefrant manner in which Sir. Astley employed
his various instruments always astonished nie. and I could not
refrain from making some remarlis upon it to my late m.aster, Jlr.
Chandler, one of the surireons to St. Thomas's Hospital. I ob-
served to him that Sir Astley'soperationsappeared like the grace-
ful efforts of an artist in making a drawing. Mr. C. replied. ' Sir,
it is of no consefjuence what instrument Mr. Cooper uses ; they are
all alike to him: and 1 verily believe, he could operate as easily
with an oyster-knife, as the best bit of cutlery in Laundy's shop.' "
On one occasion Sir .Astley had a patient from the
West Indies named Hyiitt, who was a rather eccentric
character, as the following anecdote testities. After a
skilful operation by the surgeon, ho desired to know the
amount of his debt.
"•Two hundred guineas,' replied Astley. 'Pooh, pooh!' ex-
claimed the old gentleman, • I shan't give you two hundred gui-
neas;— there — that is what I shall give you,' tossing off his night-
- cap, and throwing it to Sir Astley. 'Thank you, sir,' said Sir A.,
'any thing from you is acceptable.' and he put the cap into his
pocket. Upon exanunation it was fouud to contain a cheque for
a thousand guineas."
We doubt not that the respected professors of the heal-
ing art would all be quite willing to prescribe "AVest In-
dia Night-Caps" to their patients.
Cooper, Ifransby IJ., Senior surgeon to Guy's Hos-
pitJil, »te., nephew to the jjreeeding. Lectures on Anato-
my, Lon., 1835, 4 vols. r. Svo. Treatise on Ligaments,
4th ed., 1836, 4to. Lectures on Osteology, 1844, Svo.
m
coo
Surgical Essays, 184.3, r. 8vo. Lectures on the Principles
and Practice of Surgery, 1801, r. Svo.
'- For twentv-tive years Mr. Bransby Ctoper has been surgeon to
Guy's Hospital; and the volume befure us may be .-aid to consist
of an account of the results of his surgical experience during that
lon" period. We cordially recommend Mr. Bransby Croper's Lec-
tures as a most valuable addition to our surgical literature, and
one which cannot tail '.o be of service both to students and to those
who are actively eng.aged iu the practice of their profession." —
Lon. Lancet.
Mr. B. B. Cooper has also edited some of his uncle's
works, and favoured the public with an account of his life
Cooper, C. Grammatica Lingua) Anglicaua;, Lou.
1685, Svo.
Cooper, C. Municipal Corporations in England and
Wales, Lon., 1S35, 12mo.
Cooper, Rev. Charles D. See Oxenden, Ashton. -
Cooper, Charles Purton, Doctor of Laws of the R.
Catlndic University of Louvain, and one of her majesty's
counsel. Legal aiid Ecclc.xia.-fical Publications, 1828-51.
Sec Marvin's Legal Eibl., and Darling's Cyc. Brit.
Cooper, Chris. Heresy Unmasked, Lon., Svo.
Cooper, E. Poesy, 1761, 8vo. Elbow Chair, 1765, Svo.
Cooper, Kdwaril. Abridgt. of Anatomy, Lon., fol.
Cooper, Edward, d. 1833, Rector of Yoxhall, 1S09.
Pract. and Famil. Serms., 7 vols. 12mo. V. Y., many edits.
Scrms., 6th ed., 2 vols. 1819.
"Sound in his doctrine, judicious in his arrangement, simple
and unafTected in his language, animated yet correct in his man-
ner, he generally pleases and edifies his reader." — i«i. Cknsliun
ObseTver.
" Plain, sound, and useful."— Bickeesteth.
The Crisis ; Prophecy, and Signs of the Times, 1825, Svo.
"A practical and edifviiig work, though serious doubts may be
entertained of the justness of the interpretation of the particular
prophecy." — Bickersteth.
Cooper, Elizabeth. The Muses' Library, or a Se-
ries of English Poetry from the Saxons to the Reign of
Charles IL, 1737, '38, '41, but nil the same edit. It is a
collection of much merit, and can he hadfor a few shillings.
Mrs. C. had the valuable assistance of Oldys.
Cooper, George. 1. Letters on the Irish Nation,
1800, Svo. . .
" Manners, national character, government, religion, prmcipally ;
with notices on agriculture, commerce, &c." — Stevenson's Vot/ages
and Travels.
2. Treatise of Pleading on the Equity Side of the High
Court of Chancery, Lon., 1809, '13, Svo. This work is
founded upon Mitford on Equity Pleading. 3. Reports of
Cases in II. C. of C. in Lord Eldon's time, Lon., 1815; N. _
York, 1824, Svo.
Cooper, George. 1. Designs for the Decoration of
Rooms, Lon., 1S07, fol. 2. Architectural Reliquesof Great
Britain ; part 1st, 1S07, 4to.
Cooper, George. Domestic Brewer, 1811, 12mo.
Cooper, Sir Grey. Duke and Duchess of Athol;
Proceedings in H. of C. rcl. to the Isle of Man, 1769, Svo.
Cooper, Ileury Fox. Poem, 1805, 12mo.
Cooper, James. Vaccination Vindicated, ISII. Svo.
Cooper, James. S.rms., Lon., 1S40, 12ino.
Cooper, James Fenimore, 17S9-1851, a distin-
guished American author, w:is a son of Judge AVilliam
Cooper, a native of Pennsylviinia, whose ancestors had
been settled in the United States since 1G79. The subject
of our notice was born at Burlington, New Jersey, on the
15lh of September. He entered Yale College in 1S02, and
for the three years of his residence there applied himself
diligently to his studies. In 1805 he obtained a midship-
man's warrant in the U. S. Navy, and followed the life of
a sailor for six years. How apt a scholar he became in
this arduous school may be judged from the technical accu-
racy which distinguishes his marine sketches. In 1811
be resigned from the navy, and was married to Miss De
Lanoey, a sister of the estimable Bishop De Lancey of
AVeste'rn New Y'ork. Mr. Coojier's first volume was en-
titled Precaution, a novel of the English " fashionable
society" school, with few indications of the remaikiiblo
powers of description and eloquence of narration which its
successors evinced. Ho next pub. The Spy. a tale of fbo
Neutral Ground, founded upon incidents connected with
the American Revolutiim. The theme was one too closely
connected with the sympathies of his countrymen to appeal
in vain to their attention. The critic of the leading pe-
riodical of the country, in a review not in all respects the
most Battering to the young author, compliments him
" For ha\ ing demonstrated so entirely to our salisfaclien. that
an admirable topii' for the romantic historian hasgrown out ot the
American Itevolution. . . . He has the high praise, and will have,
we may add. the future glory, of having struck info a lU'w path—
of having opened a mine of exhaustless wealth — in a word, be has
laid the foundations of American romance, and is really the firbt
coo
coo
xrho has (leserved tTie appell.-itinn nf a distinguished American
nu\il wiitei-."' — N. Amcnctn J^'euiew. xv. 281.
The popularity of The Spy was not confined tn Ame-
rica. It was soon republi.'^heii in many parts of Europe.
I ami the reputation of the author was eoufirmed abroad as
well as at home by the appearance of The Pioneers and The
Pilot in 1S23, and the Last of the Mohicans in 1826. Be-
tween the two last works was pub. a novel {Lionel Lincoln)
founded upon the early revolutionary troubles in America,
which never succeeded in gaininj^ the popular favour.
AV)outl827 Mr. Cooper visited Europe, and whilst abroad,
gave to the world a surcession of works of various grades
of merit, of which a critical examination will not be ex-
pected in the limited space to which we are confined.
The first of the works pub. in Europe was The Prairie,
one of the very best of his productions — which was suc-
ceeded by The Red Rover, The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish.
The Water-Witch, The Bravo, Tho TIeidenmnuer. and The
Headsman of Berne. He also pub. a vindication of the
land of his birth from many current misrepresentations:
doubtless the Notions of the Americans did much to cor-
rect error and abate prejudices among candid foreigners.
But if Mr. Cooper was ready to defend his country when
unjustly criticized, he was quite as willing tu censure those
faults to which he perceived a growing proclivity among
some of her most prominent sons. We have no disposition
to dwell upon family quarrels, and if we enumerate The
Letter to his Countrymen, and Tlie Monikins, a political
satire, among Mr. Cooper's works, it is with no desire to
revive controversy, but only to act the part (»f a faithful
chronicler. To the last-named work succeeded the Glean-
ings in Europe : the Sketches of Switzerland, and the
works on France, Italy, and England, the series compris-
ing 10 volumes, excited much attention both at home and
abroad. England, with Sketches of Society in the Metro-
polis, aroused in no small degree the ire of the Liuidon
Quarterly Reviewer, who declares, not in the most cour-
teous style imagiuable, that
*' Jfo ill-wiitteii — ilMnfirmcd — ill-bred — ill-tempored, and ill-
mannered a production it has never yet been our fortune to meet.
. . . We must say in justice to every thing Americau that we have
happened to meet, either in litei-ature or in society, that we never
met such a phenomeuon of vanity, folly, and fable, as this book
exhibits — we say table, because (whatever may be Mr. Cooper's in-
tentions) his i^nni-ance and pi'esumption betray him at every mo-
ment into misstatemeuts so gross, and sometimes so elaborate, as
to have all the appearance and elTect nf ab.solute falsehood."
The critic indignantly denies Mr. Cooper's assertion that
"the Quarterly Review was the organ of a national anti-
pathy to America." It is hardly worth while to linger
over such civilities, and we proceed to notice Mr. Cooper's
other productions.
The American Democrat, or Hints on the Social and
Civil Relatitms of the United States, appeared in 1^35.
Three years later Mr. Cooper gave to the world a work of
a more elaborate character than its predecessors. This
was a History of the Navy of the United State^^. Phila.,
18:^.9; 2d cd., Phila., IS-IO; :Ul ed.. Coopcrst^-wn, 18-16;
reprinted in London. Paris, and Brussels. A new ed., with
a continuation. ISId-S^, in a supplement of 100 pages
from Mr. Cooper's MSS. and other authorities, was pub.
in 185a.
"The work of an unsurpassed writer: it is so full of interest,
and .'JO abounds in the most vivid illustrations of American pa-
triotism, enterprise, and courage, that it cannot be too widely cucu-
lated."-— Ceoroe HaiNCROFT.
" Mr. Cooper appears to be fair, and imwarped by national preju-
dice in these records." — Ixm. Literarif Guzrtle.
"We have perused this history with no little curiosity and with
great interest." — British Naval mnl A/. Ufa}-}/ Mogazine.
'' Tbi'se volumes are filled with the graphic records of darinr;
adventure, and contain in their nai raticn of mere facts, .t treasure
to the lovers of .^ea- romance. The n.ime of Snmers is a household
word in America: and the desperate enterprise in whifli he and
his companions peli^hed. i.s narrated in this work with an extra-
ordinary effect.'" — Lon. Atlm'O-um.
"This is a very valuable .^dditif^n to naval history. Mr. Cooper
has used a cnuimendaV'le dilii^encein sear(.hinc out whatever facts
the early history nf America affonls. illusti-ative of the oii^;in and
growth of her national navy, and has dressed them out in a form
as attractive as possible." — N. Aiuer. Review.
Commendation, however, was not the only response with
■which the labours of the author were greeted. The ac-
count of the Battle of Lake Erie was not suffered to escape
without nn earnest protest from .several critics ; and Mr. C.
felt called upon to notice these strictures, in a volume pub.
in 1842, entitled The Battle of Lake Erie, or answers to
Messrs. Burgess, Duer, and Mackeuzie. A fitting compa-
nion to his history is the author's Lives of American Naval
Officers, in 2 vols. The novels of Homeward Bcmnd and
Home as Found also excited no little nniniadversirm — the
charge of misrepresentation being warmly urged against
the author. To these succeeded The Pathfinder, Mercedes
of Castile, The Deer-Slayer, The Two Admirals, Wing and
Wing, or Le Feu F<dlet. Wyandotte, or the Hutted Knoll,
the Autobiography of a Pocket Handkerchief, Ned Myers,
Ashore and Afloat, Miles Wallingford, The Little-page
series, including, 1. Satanstoe, 1845, 2. Chainbearer, 1845,
3. The Red Skins, 1846. Among the last of hi.s pub-
lications were the Islets of the Gulf, pub. in Graham's
Magazine, 1846, and the Ways of the Hour, pub. in 1850.
A complete edition, carefully revised, of the works of Mr.
Cooper, iu 34 vols., was, very opportunely, puldished in
1856 by Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, of New York. An
interesting sketch of the literary history of the great Ame-
rican novelist, to which we have been indebted for some
of the above facts, will be found in R. W. Griswold's Prose
Writers of America. We have lying before us many critical
opinions from high literary authorities, upon the merits and
demerits of Mr. Cooper's productions. Our space, however,
restricts us to a few extracts. Indeed, works which have been
translated into so many languages, and are in continual
demand with each new generation of readers, are them-
selves the best evidence of their author's tact in the se-
lection, and ability in the treatment, of the subjects upon
which he employed his pen. It is but a slight deduction
from the merits of so excellent a writer, to wi.'h that upon
some subjects he had written less, and upon others not at
all. But it ill becomes those who share in the glory which
the lustre of his name has shed upon the literary annals of
his country, to quarrel with tho.'^e eccentricities irom which
genius is but rarely free, and those occasional el)ullition3
which are the more remarked on account of the prominent
position of the offender. Nothing is more easy than the
condemnation with which the indiff'erent spectator visits
the heated controversialist, and nothing more common than
the transformation which makes him liaVde to his own cen-
sure. The proper inference to be drawn hence is, not that
Truth should remain siknt, and permit transgression to
pass unrcbuked, but rather that Charity should be ever at
her side as a remembrancer of human infirmity, and man's
many provocations and sore trials.
But we are occupying with our reflections the space
which should be allotted to those who have better claims
to be heard :
"The same sort of maj:ical authority over the spirit of romance,
which belontrs in common to Scott. Kadrliffe. M alpole, and our
eouutryman, lirown. is. for us. at K-ast. possesst'd by this writer in
an eminent degree. Places, for example, familiar to us from our
boyhocd. and whirh are now d.iily before our eye.^, thronj^ed with
the vul;:ar associations of real life, are toldly seized upon for scenes
of the wildest romance: and yet our iniULrinalion does not revolt
at the inconttiuity. . . . This seems to us no inconsiderable proof
of the power of the writer over us and his subject." — N.A.J.tvitWt
xxiii. 152.
The critic, however, charges the author with many grave
faults and signal failures in the delineation of chiir;icter
and manners; and it is somewhat remarkable that some of
the mo;t prominent critics among Mr. Cooper's own coun-
trymen seem from the first to have been utterly unjible to
discover in our author those merits which have been so
lavishly ascribed to him by others. There are occasionally,
indeed, icorth of commendation, but they are scarcely dis-
cernible amidst pages of broad and unsparing censure.
Whether just or otherwise in these abundant strictures, it
is not in our province to delermine. Certain it is, that if
the author of The Spy and the Pilot could in his latter
years claim to have been among the most voluminous
writers of his day, the critics are not chargeable with the
birth of so numerous a literary progeny. In his earlier
days he received, indeed, many invitations to continue his
walks in the realm of Romance, but the awkwardly-afleeted
courtesy scarcely concealed the intentions of the lion winch
would persuade the lamb to leave the fold for the benefit
of a summer day's excursion.
Abroa<l, the great American novelist has not escaped
censure — we have already quoted something that can
hardly be called complimriit from the Quarterly Reviewers;
but his distinguishing merits have been frankly acknow-
ledged. Victor Hugo goes much further than Cooper's
intelligent countrymen are willing to follow, when he
places the author of The Spy above the "Wizard of the
North."
A more discriminating English critic has recorded his
judgment, that
"ihe power with which the scenes on the waste of waters are
depicted, and the living intei'est with which Cooper invests every
particle of a ship, as if it were all an intellij^ent being, cannot be
excelled, and has never been reached by any author with whom
we are acquainted. For these qualities his novels wiil live with the
liiULMini-'e, for we may look in vain elsewhere for piLtmes so vivid,
so Ciiihlul, and so intelligible."
coo
The Edinburgh Review grants our author all that 13
claimed above, and only does him justice in enlarging the
sphere of his dominions ;
"The empire of the sea lias been conceded to him by acclama-
tion; and in the lonely desert or untrodden prairie, among the
savage Indians or scarcely less savage settlers, all equally acknow-
ledge his dominion.
'Within this circle none dare move but he.'"
Messrs. W. A. Townsend & Co., the successors of Stringer
& Townsend, will shortly issue a new ed. of Cooper's novels,
beautifully illustrated by Darley, in 32 monthly vols. cr. 8vo,
commencing March, 1SJ9. We append a list, furnished by
the publishers, of the dates of the first editions of the novels
as separately published. The average sale of the novels by
Messrs. Stringer A Townsend, for the last fourteen years,—
1845-68,— has been fully 60,000 vols, per annum.
Precaution, 1821.
The Spy, 1821.
" Pioneers, 1823.
" Pilot, 1823.
Lionel Lincoln, 1825.
Last of the Mohicans, 1826.
Eed Rover, 1827.
The Prairie, 182".
Travelling Bachelor, 1828.
Wept of Wish-ton-Wish, 1829.
The Water Witch, 1830.
" Bravo, 1831.
" Ileideiiniauer, 1832.
" Headsman, 1833.
" Monikius. 1836.
Homeward Bound, 1838.
Home as Found, 1838.
The Pathfinder, 1840.
Mercedes of Castile, 1840.
The Deerslayer. 1S41.
" Two Admirals. 1842.
Wing and Wing, 1842.
Ned Jlyers, 1843.
Wyandotte. 1843.
Atloat and Ashore, 1844.
Miles Wallingloid, 1844.
The Chaiulieaier, 1846.
Satanstoe, 1845.
The Red Skins, 1846.
Cr.ater, 1847.
Jack Tier, 1848.
Oak Openings, 1848.
The Sea Lions, 1S49.
The -Ways of the Hour. 1860.
'-The enduring monuments of Fenimore Cooper are his works.
W bile the love of country continues to prevail, his memory will
exist m the hearts of the people. . . . i5o truly patriotic and Ame-
rican throughout, they should find a place in every American's
library." — Ih.mel Webster.
" His writings are instinct with the spirit of nation.ality. In his
productions every American must take an honest pride. For
surely no one has succeeded like Cooper in the portraiture of Ame-
rican character, or has given such glowing and eminently truthful
pictures of .American scenery.-' — Wm. H. Prescott.
'• lie wrote for mankind at large : hence it is that he has earned
a fame wider than any author of modern times. The creations of
bis genius shall survive throuijb centuries to come, and only pe-
rish with our language."' — Wm. C. Bryant.
"The glory which be justly won was reflected on his country,
and deserves the grateful recognition of all who survive him. His
surpassing ability has made his own name and the names of the
creations of his fancy 'household words' throughout the civilized
world."' — George Ba.vcroft.
" The works of our great national novelist have adorned and
elevated our literature. There is nothing more purely American
whi.-h the latest posterity • will not willingly let die." "—Edward
KVERETT.
" Cooper emphatically belongs to the nation. He has left a space
in our literature which will uot easily be supplied."— Wisni.xGToN
Irving.
" His country and the world acknowledge and appreciate his
claims, and the productions of his genius will go down to posterity
among the noblest efforts of the age. He will ever live in the
history of human greatness." — Lewis Cass.
"With what amazing power has be painted nature! How all
his pages glow with creative fire! Who is there writing En"lish
among our contemporaries, if not of him, of whom it can be said
that he has a genius of the first order?"'— /Tccue de I'.iris.
" Altogether he is the most original writer that .\merica has
yet pinduced, and one of whom she may well be proud."— Xot.
Atlientpuiii.
'• We accord to Cooper an equal degree of talent and power with
that ascriljed to Scott, and would place the originality of the Ame-
rican author at a higher point. There is certainly in Cooper more
power of concentration, a more epigrammatic style, and greater
terseness of expression No one can peruse the' works of Cooper
without being convinced of the innate beauty of his own mind
His ethial notions are of the highest order, bis morality is as
pure as that of the men whose unalTected religion he is so fond of
poui-tr.aying.
" The philosophy of his mind is of a high order, and few can be
unsusceptible of this. The most ordinary reader must be con-
scious of a superiority and elevation of thought while he peruses
the writings of Fenimore Cooper. The geiitliiies.s of his own mind,
its lofty apprecialion of every thing that was goid. its innate poetry
breathed forth in bis graphic descriptions of nature, in the love
with which he regards the forests, the broad prairies, and the sun-
lighted vallev.s.
'• It is rarely so many qualities are combined in one writer. His
name is endeared in his country, and his productions will hand it
down to posterity with undiminished lustre. Cooper's novels will
be standaid works as long as liction continues to evcite an interest
in the admirers of literature." — Obituary A'nlicf, Ecbctic Jteview.
Cooper, John, Professor of Astrology. Primum Mo-
bile, with The.-ics to the Theory and Canons of Practice,
wherein is demonstrated from Astronomical and Philoso-
phical Principles, the nature and extent of Celestial In-
flux on Man, l.'^U. 8vo. New Trans, id" Dcd.acus Plaeidus
de Titus's Primum Mcdiile, or Celestial Philosophy: Illus-
trated by upwards of :iU remarkable Nativities of'tho most
eminent men in Europe, ISIJ, Svo.
426
COO
] Cooper, John Gilbert, 1723-1769. was educated at
I Trin. Coll., Cambridge, where he applied himself zealously
to classical literature. The Power of Harmony, 1745 :
" In which he endeavoured to recommend a perfect attention to
] what is perfect and beautiful in nature, as the means of harmoniz-
ing the soul to a responsive regularity and sympathetic order.
This imitation of the language of Shaftesbury's school was not
affectation. He had studied the works of that nolleinan with
enthusiasm, and seems entirely to bare regulated his conduct
by the maxims of the ancient and modern academies." See Chal-
mers's Biog. Diet.
The Life of Socrates, 1749, Svo. In this work Cooper
pub. some notes furnished by John Jackson, levelled
against Bishop Warburtou. The bishop thus returns the
compliment in a note on an Essay on Criticism:
'■As ignorance, when joined with humility, produces stupid ad-
miration, on which account it is so commonly observed to he the
mother of devotion, and blind homage; so when joined with
vanity (as it always is in bad critics Jit gives birth to every iniquity
of impudent abuse and slander. See an example (for want of a
better) in a late worthless and now forgotten thing, called The Lite
of Socrates; where the head of the author (as a man of wit ol>-
served on reading the book) has just made the shift to do the ottice
of acnwicra obscura, and represent things in an inverted order;
himself above, and Sprat, Rollin, Voltaire, and every other author
of importance, bdtnuy — Fopi's Wnrhs. ed., 1751, i. 151.
This is in the favourite style of the amiable prelate, and
we need not be surprised that it somewhat excited the ire
of the author of The Life of Socrates. He followed up
the war by Remarks on Warburton's edition of Pope, in a
Letter to a Friend, 1751. In this work Mr. C. appeals to
the impartial reader, " Whether there is the least reflection
through the whole Life of Socrates, or the Notes, upon
W.'s morafs, and whether he has not confined his criticism
to W.'s practice as an author?" and he declares the epithet
bestowed upon him to be a downright slander. Letters on
Taste, 1754.
'•These Letters may still be perused with interest; they are
more remarkable, however, for splendour of style and imiigcry
than for strength of reasoning, and are occasionally tinged with
the hue of affectation." — Dr. Draee.
The Tomb of Shakspcare, a "Vision, 1755. The Genius
of Britain, 1756. Epistles to the Great from Aristippus,
1758. The Call of Aristippus, 1758. Trans, of Ver Vert,
1759. Poems on several subjects, 1764: — Originally con.
to Dodsley's Museum, under the signature of Philaretes.
"Mr. Cooper was a gentleman of an agreeble appearance, of po.
lite address, and .accomplished manners." — Dr. Kippis. See Biog.
Br it. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Johnson and Chalmers's Knglish
Poets, and works cited above.
Cooper, Joseph, 1635-1699, a Nonconformist divine.
Eight Sermons on 1 Pet. v. 15, 1663, Svo. Domus Mo-
saics Cl.avis, sive Legis Sepiuientum, 1673, 12mo.
" This is a curious Latin work, written in defence of the Maso-
retic doctrines and punctuation ; in which p:iias Levita, Cappelus,
Walton, Morinus. Gordon, surnanied Huntly, are all attacked:
and the Buxtnrfs, Owen. Glassius, and the rest of the same school,
are defended. Cooper was a pious and learned man : but on this
subject had more zeal than knowledge." — Orme: Bibl. Bib.
Cooper, Maria Susanna. Jane Shore to her
Friends; a Poetic Epistle, 1776, 4to, The Exemplary
Mother. The Wife, or Caroline Herbert, 1812, 2 vols.;
poslh.
"An example of virtue which may be useful and interesting to
many of our fiiir readers : particulaily such as are speculatiug on
matrimony." — ton. Monthh/ lirvirw. 1813.
Cooper, Mary Grace. Thamuta, The Spirit of
Death ; and other poems, Lon.. 1839, 12mo.
"A pure pearl, deserving of notice: calculated to con.sole and
cheer the sick chamber, or rest amongst those Sabbath books w hich
ought to have a place 'sacred and a]iart" in every English home."'
— Britannia.
Cooper, Myles, D.D., d. at Edinburgh, 1785, aged
about 50, was educated at the University of Oxford. Ho
emigrated to New York in 1762, and was (at the instanco
of the Archbishop of Canterbury) appointed Prof, of Moral
Philosophy in King's CoUege.New York city. In 1763
he succeeded Dr. J<ihnson as president. In 1775 his Tory
principles caused him to leave America. He was subse-
quently one of the ministers of the Episcopal chapel of
Edinburgh, in which city he died. Poems, 1758. Fast
Sermon, 1776. Sermon on Civil Government. Oxf., 1777.
He wrote on the subject of an American Episcopate, and
also upon the politics of the country. To his pen is as-
cribed A Friendly Address to nil Reasonable Americans
on our Political Confusions, and the Necessary Conse-
quences of Violently Opposing the King's Troops, Ac, N.
York, 1774, Svo. Dr. Cooper was much disliked by the
Whigs. Those who desire to become acquainted with the
history of the Tories, as they were styled in the Revolu-
tionary Contest of America, should con.sult Mr. Lorenzo
Sabine's American Loyalists, Boston, 1847, Svo. A new
eilil. is now (ISo-O in course of preparation. See Sabine,
LoitEKzo.
coo
Cooper, Oliver St. Johu. 400 Texts of Scripture ;
Explained, Lou., 1791, Svo.
"A small, but useful, work. ... It contains muKum in parvo."'
— Or.ME: B'bl. Bib.
Cooper, R. Bransby, Trans, of Mede's Clavis Apo-
calypti<^a, Lon., 1SS;J, Svo. Commentary on the Revela-
tion of St. John, 1S33, Svo.
'•The fiiKt of these publications will be a very acceptable present
to the Ifffal student of the Bible; as. in having Mede's views set
before hini, he will certainly have those nf the soundest writer on
prophecy unfullilled. The second work is also valuable, as the
commentary is nearly founded upon M*'df\s views, and Mr. Cooper
points out where he has gone beyond them." — British Magazine,
June, 1833, 092.
Cooper, Richard. Countryman's Proposal to raise
£20.0011 a <i;\y, Xutt.. 1711, 12mo*.
Cooper, S. 31. Life in the Forest; or the Trials and
Sufferiii,<;s of a Pioneer, Phila., 1854, 16mo.
Cooper, Samuel. On a Storm at Norwich: Phil.
Trans., 1759.
Cooper, Samuel, D.D., 1725-1783. graduated at
Harvard College, 1743; associate minister of the Brattle
Street Church, Boston, 1746. lie was one of the principal
promoters of the Americon Revolution. He puh. many
political papers in tiie journals of the dny, and some ser-
mons, Ac, 1751-60. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Cooper, Samiiel, D.D.. Rector of Morley and Yel-
verton. Norfolk. Serm<ins. 1776. '77, '90.
Cooper, Samuel, D.D., Minister of Great Yarmouth,
d. 1800. Delinitions and Axioms relative to Charity, Cha-
ritable Institutions, and the Poor Laws, 1764, Svo. Serms.,
17S2, '86, "89, '90. Letters to Dr. Priestley, 1791, Svo.
Cooper, Samuel, Surgeon, London. Reflections on
tte Cataract, Lon., 1805, Svo. First Lines of the Practice
of Surgery. 1807, Svo ; 7th ed., 1840, Svo. Dictionary of
Practical Surgery, 1S09, '13, Svo; 7th ed., 1838, Svo. Dis-
eases of the Joints, 1807, Svo. This took the prize nd-
judged by the Royal College of Surgeons in 1806. Eid-
tome of Modern Surgery. 1812, Svo. Dr. C. has also given
to the world a thinl ed. of Dr. Mason Good's Study of
Medicine. Lon., 5 vols. Svo.
Cooper, Miss Susau Fenimore, daughter of the
distinguished American novelist, has already (1855) added
to the family laurels, and thereby proved that no Salique
Law exists in the Republic of Letter.^. Mi.^s Cooper's first
publication was Rural Hours, by a Lady, New York, 1S50,
Svo. This is a jnurnal of the scenes of country life, com-
mencing with the spring of 1S4S, and concluding with the
spring of 1849.
'■ The scenery described so charmingly is that surrounding her
own lair home in Cooperstnwn : out of these simple matei-ials Miss
Cooper has formed one of the most interesting volumes of the dav,
displaying ]»owers of mind of a high order." — Mrs. H.u,e; Wo-
man's mecrd.
"An admirable portraiture of American out-door life, just as it
is, with no colouring but that which every object necessarily re-
ceives in passing through a contemplative and cultivated mind.
. . . Miss Cooper has an observant eye. and a happy faculty of
making her descriptions interesting by selecting the light objects,
inste;id of the too common method of extiavagant embellishment.
She never :^ets into ecstasit-s, and sees nothing whi^ h anybody else
might not see who walked throu;h the same fields after her." —
PRuFESi;OR H\rt: F'male Prase Writrrs fifAmeric.l'^tib.
"A very pleasant book — the result of the combined effort of good
sense and liood feeling, an observant mind and a real, honest,
unaffected appreciation of the countless minor beauties that Nature
exhibits to her assiduous lovers."— --'1/i''i'>».
It is no matter of surprise that so attractive a book has
reached the 4th. edition.
Miss Cooper has also edited Country Rambles, or Jour-
nal of a Naturalist in England, with Notes and Additions,
New York. 12mo.
"Thanks to Miss S. P. Cooper, whose own'I^nral Hours' show
how well she is titted for the task she has undertalvpn. . . . Every
rural library shnuld have this book. No kind nf iiifnrmation gives
Puch cert-;*in returns of gratification as that we gain by the study
of works like this." — New F>r/.- Errninfj />».•!^
Miss Cooper's last publication is entitled Rhyme and
Reason of Country Life; from Fields old and new: New
Tork, 1S54, Svo. This is a volume of "selections, con-
nected together by a mere thread of remarks."
'■ The lar-re reading and fine taste of Miss Cooper are admirably
displayed in her choice as well as arrangement of the (lowers which
go to make up her .several bouquets. . . . Precisely such a book as
cultivated persons like to snatch up for a spare hour, durinc the
long eveninirs nf winter, in the cnuntry, or to rarry out with them,
in the summer-time, to the shade of a favourite arbour or tree." —
J*ut'>'^m''s }f<i/j(m'ne.
We believe that Miss C. has ready for the press The Shield,
a Narrative. She has commenced her literary career under
such brilliant auspices that we see not how she can be ex-
cused from the rreiiuciit use of a pen whicii she knows so
Well how to guide. If the paterual name tirst secured her a
coo
hearing, it at the same time subjected her coDipositions to
a trying ordeal. Having encountered with honour so se-
vere a test, there need be no hesitation in the future.
Cooper, Capt. T, H. Practical Guide for the Light
Infantry Officer. 1S06, Svo. Military Cabinet: a PoUec-
ti«tn of extracts from the best authors, ancient and modern,
1809, 3 vols. 12mo.
Cooper, or Couper, Thomas, 1517?-15U4, edu-
cated at, and Fellow of, Miigdalen College, Oxford ; Dean
of Gloucester, 1569; Bishop of Linc(dn, 1570: translated
to Winchester, 15S4. Bibliotheea Eliota, 1541. (Elyofs
Diet, of Latin and English was first pub. in 15:;8;) the
second time, enriched, 1548-52. fob : third. 1559-65. fob
Epitome of Chronicles, by T. Languetand T. Cooper, 1549,
4to; augmented, 1565 ; continued, 1565, 4to. Thesaurus
Lingua; Romanje et Britannica', 1565, '73, '78, 'S4, fol.
'■The fnundation was taken from >^ir Thomas 1-liofs di.timiary,
and the materials, for the most part, fmm liob. Stevens s 'thesau-
rus, and John Frisius's Lat. and (ierm. Dictionary.'" — Jtlien. Oxon.
Cooper does not pretend that the work is an original one.
It was a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth, nnd was
the cause of Cooper's preferments. It contnins many (juo-
tations of early Engli-sh, and is undoubtedly a philologi-
cal curiosity. Brief Expositions of such chapters of the
Old Testament as usually arc read in the Church at Com-
mun Prayer, on the Sundnys throughout the year. 157.'5,
4to. Serm., 1575. 12 Serms., 1580, 4to. An Admoni-
tion to the People of England, 15S9, 4to. This is an an-
swer to John ap Henry's books against the Church of
England, pub. under tlio name of Martin Mar-Prelate.
Bishop Cooper's admonition elicited two " ludicmus pam-
phlels," entitled. Ha* ye any work for a Cooper? and More
work for a Cooper. An Answer in defence of the Truth
against the apology of private Mass. 1562, 12nio, anon.
There is some doubt as to the authorship of this treatise.
See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxmh. It was iu 1850 edited
for the Parker Society by the Rev. W. Go.idc, Canib., Svo.
Cooper was less happy in his domestic relations than his
merits deserved.
" A man of great gravity, learning, and holiness of life." — ■
Godwin'.
" A very learned man : eloquent, and well acquainted with the
English and Latin languages."' — Balk.
" He was furnished with all kind of leaminfr. almost beyond all
his contemporaiies: and not only adorned the pul|iit with bis ser-
mons, but also the commonwealth of learnini^ with his wiiiins^s."
. — Wood.
*'0f him J can say much, and T shnuld do him great wrong if
I s;nd nothing: for he was indeed a reverend man, very well
learned, exceedinsr industrious: and, which was in Ih- se days
counted a sreat praise to him, and a chief eauseof his preferment,
he wrote that great dictionary that yet bears his name." — Siu John
IlARRIMlTOJf.
There was a story current that his wife, fearing lest he
should kill himself with study, burnt nil the notes which
her husbnnd had for eight years been industriouj-ly etdlcct-
ing for the compilation of his dictionary. But. his wife
gave palpable evidence that she cared very little either for
her husband's comfort or rejtutation.
Cooper, Thomas. Nona Novembris. Ac, Oxf., 1607,
4to. R.imish Spider, 1606, 4to. Worldling's Adventure,
1610, 4to. Oihcr wnrks.
Cooper, Thomas, Pcliiicnl treatises. Ac.. 1794-1806.
Cooper, Thomas, M.D.. LL.D.. 1759-1S40, a native
of Londi>n, educated at Oxford, emigrated to Pennsylvania,
and was appointed president-judge of a judir'al district
by Governor McKean. He was subsequently Prnfcf^sor of
Chemistry, first in Dickinson College. Cfirli^Ie. 2d!y in the
University of Pennsyivanin, ?,(\\y at Columbia CoHege,
South Carolina. He afterwards became Prc-^iilcnt of the
last-named institution. The Bankrupt Law of America
compared with the Bankrupt Law of En.:land, Pbihi.,
ISOl, Svo. An English VerMon of the Institutes of Justi-
nian. Phila.. 1812. Svo; New York. ISM. Sv.. ; :Ul ed.,
Phila., 1S52. He contrasts the Roman Jurisprndeni e with
that of the United States. Tracts on Mc'i. al Jnri.-piu-
dencc. Phila., 1819, Svo. Opinion of Judge Cot.pi r in tho
case of Pempsey r. The Insurance Co. of Penn.-ylvania,
on the Eflect of a sentence of a Foreign Court of Admi-
ralty; pub. by A. J. Dallns, Phila., 1810. Svo.
'' i would recommend every Amerir-an student to read this opi-
nion of Judir<^ Cooper's; not so much for the reasoning and ideas,
as f!jr the analysis and systematic comprehension of the subject.
It is a model that deserves to be admired.'" — Judge BRAtKLMtiDCE:
Miscellavies. f}'lh\ Note.
"Tt is perhaps one of the ablest, most comprehensive, and per-
spicuous arfiuments that has appeared nn that dif^mlt and lii'^My
important question, the effect of a sentence of a fon-i/n court of
Admiralty as evidence in domestic suits. Both in KnHand and
this country, tht^ question has been very freiiUi*nflv a-ji*;i*> d. and
not less frequently, variously, and confusedly decided." — H"ffinait's
1 Legal Htudy, 472.
427
coo
Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy, Colum-
I.ia, 2d ed., 1829, 8vo. .
"This work, thoujlh not written in a vei-y philosophical spirit,
is the l>est of the American worlis on political economy that we
liave ever met with."— McCdlioch : Lit. nf P.Jil. Ecrmmiii/.
Dr. Cooper's infirmities obliged him to resign the presi-
dency of C ilumbia College, and he devoted his last years,
in conjunction with Mr. D. McCord, to a revision of the
statutes of South Carolina. These were pub. in 10 vols.
8vo, Columbia, 1836-41. Besides the works mentiouc.l,
Dr. Cooper pub. the Emporium of Arts, trans, from the
French, and many pamphlets on politics, physics, ami
theology. Few men have led so active a life, and still
fewer have exhibited so great a variety of talents.
Cooper, Thomas, the Chartist. The Baron's Yule
Feast: a Cliristmas Rhyme. Lon., lS4(i, 12mo. The Pur-
gatory of Suicides; a Prison Khyme, 3d ed., lS5:i, 12mo.
Wise Saws and Modern Instances : a Series of Short Tales,
1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. Two Orations against Taking away
Human Life, p. Svo.
" Mr. Cooper's style is intensely clear and forcilile. and displays
great tainestness and tine humrni sympathy : it is in tiie highest
degree manly, plain, and vigorous." — Lmi. Morn. Adcerliarr.
Cooper, yV. White. Invalid's Guide to Madeira,
Lon.. 1840. 12mo. On Near Sight, Aged Sight, and Im-
paired Vision. 1846, p. 8vo.
"Truly practical and consequently truly valu.al4e, we recom-
mend this volume to all eyes." — Z>m. Liln-unj Ga:Mr.
Cooper, William, Bishop of Galloway. Dikaioltigi;
containing a just defence of his former apology against
David Hume, Lon., 1614, 4to.
Cooper, William. Serm.. Lon., 1619. 4to.
Cooper, William. Serins., Lon., I(i6:i, '76. '77.
Cooper, William. Ciit;ilo,gue of Chymicall Books,
Lon., 1675, 12ino. Other publications.
Cooper,William, D.D., Archbishopof York. Sernis.,
Ac.. 1763-79. Discourses, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. Address, 1788.
Phil. Trans., 1784; of a remarkable meteor.
Cooper, William, d. 1743. aged 49. a minister of
Boston. Massachusetts, was in 1737 elected President of
Harvard College, but declined the trust. He pub. a number
of serms., 1714-41. The Doctrine of Predestination unto
Life explained and vindicated in 4 serms., 1741 ; and Lon.,
1765, 12mo.
*' A c.mdid and practical view of this doctrine." — Pickeksteth.
Cooper, William, D.D., Archdeacon of York. Dis-
courses, Lon.. 179.1. 2 vols. Svo.
Cooper, William, M.D. Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770.
Phil. Trans.. 1775.
Coore, Richard, D.D.. d. 16S7. Practical Exposi-
tion of the more difficult Texts that are contained in the
Holy Bible, Lon., lfiS3, 8vo.
"The drnams in Daniel and the visions of all the Prophets, and
the two mystical 1 on!,s of the Canticles and the Kevelation are all
clearly op.'iied." — -lu'/c/r's J^rf.
Coortresse, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. A
Serm. before the Queone's Mnjestie, Lon., 1573, Svo.
Coote, Charles, LL.D., of Pembroke College, Oxford.
Graii Elegaia, A-c. Lon., 1794, 4to. Hist, of England to
1783, 1791-98, 9 vcds. Svo. Cont. of the Peace of Amiens,
1803, Svo. English Grammar, and a hist, of the language,
17S8, Svo. Life of Csesar, 1802. Svo. Hist, of the Union. I
1802, Svo. Hist, of Modern Europe, ISIO; continued to
1815, 1S17, Svo. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist, by Maclaine,
brought down to the ISth century. ISll, 6 vols. Svo. Hist.
of Ancient Europe. 1815. 3 vols' Svo. This was intended
to accompany Dr. Wm. Russell's Hist, of Modern Europe,
Lon.. 1779, 2 vols. Svo.
Coote, Sir Charles, Earl of Montrnth, Governor of
Dublin, d. 1661. Declarations, Dubl., 1659; Lon., 16C0,
4to. His Victory, Lon., 1649, 4to. Transactions with 0.
R. O'Neal, Lon.," 1649, 4to.
Coote, Chilly. Ireland's L.imentations, Lon., 1664.
Coote, Edward. English Schoolmaster, Lon.. 1627.
Coote, H. J. The Homologies of the Human Skele-
ton. Lcin., 18)9. Svo.
Coote, J. Jlcmoirof Princess Charlotte, etc., ISIS. Svo.
Coote, R. II. An Analysis, armngcd to serve also
as a compendious digested Index to Mr. Fearnc's Essay on
Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, and of
Mr. Butler's Notes, Lon., 1814, Svo.
" Every topic to he found in the text and notes is concisely
abridired by Mr. Coote. and the whole is alphahetically arraii'^ed.
This small volume should ever he in view whilst the student is
enpa^ed with the threat t.riL'inal."— ff :,^*'((/n's L^g'l St'ithf, 2U.
Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant. L(ui., 1840,
Svo. Treatise on the Law of Mortgage, with an .Appendix
of Precedents, Lon., 1822. Svo. The 3d ed. of this valuable
work, by the original author and Richard Coote, Esq., was
COP
pub. Lon., 1S50, r. Svo. An American ed. (the third)
founded on the 3d Lon. ed., is now (1868) in the press of
the enterprising and well-known publishers, T. and J. "W.
Johnson, of Philadelphia. It is edited by Judge Sharswood,
whose name is sufficiently known to the profession to render
any comments useless. The Practice of the Ecclesiastical
Courts, with Fcunis and Tables of Costs, Lon., 1846, Svo.
" Kcclesiastical Piacticeisnow forthet.rst time made the subject
of a formal and elaborate treatise, audit has remained for Mr. Coote,
by a comliioation of industry and experience, to give to the pro-
fe.ssion a work which has long been wanted, but which so few are
competent to supply." — Lin- Law Timn.
Coote, Richard, Earl of Bellamont. Articles of
agreement between him, E. Livingston, and Capt. W. M.
Kidd, fol.
Coote, Hon. Robt. Compleat Marksman; Poem, 1755.
Cope. Hist, of the East Indies. Lon., 1754, Svo.
Cope, Alan, .an English R. Catholic, d. about 1580.
Historia Evangclicic Veritas, Lon.. 1672 ; Doway, 16U3,4to.
*'This is a lutul of Ilatmonv of the tn.siiels. or rather a digest
of the Life of Christ, in the woids of the livangelists. . . . Crow
speaks of Cope as 'eximii ingeuii vir."— OnMt:: BiU. B,b. ^
Cope also pub. Dialogi sex contra Sumiui Pontificatua
Momistica; Vitae, Ac, Antw., 15C6, 4to. This work was
written by Nic. Harpesfield.
" Whii h honk Vieing put into the hands of his friend AI,an Cope,
he put it out under his name, lest danger should befall the author
in ]>ersiui."— ^r'"-'H. Ox^n.
Cope, Sir Anthony. Historic of Anniball and Sci-
pio, Liin.. 1514. 4to. Godly Meditacion vpon XX. Psalmes
of Dawid, 1517, 4to ; a new ed. with Biog. Pref. and Notes,
by G. W. II. Cope, 1848, Svo.
" He went into France, Germany. Italy, and elsewhere; in which
places visiting the univer.sifies. and ji'ining his company to the
most learned men of them, became an accomplished gentleman,
wrote several things beyond the seas, as well as at home." — AUten.
0x1 m.
Cope, Henry. Demonsfratio Medico-Practiea Prog-
nostimm llip]p(icratis. Dubl., 1736, Svo.
Cope, Henry. Scrutiny alter Religion, 1620, Svo.
Cope,.)olin. An ancient date at Widgel-Hall; Phil.
Trans., 1735.
Cope, Sir .lohn. Report on his conduct. 1749, 4to.
Cope, Michael. Expi>sition on Proverbs, in French,
Geneve, 1557; trans, into English by Marcelline Outrerd,
16S9, 4to.
"Jlany deep and .striking thouihts."— Bickersteth.
Exp. snr le Livro de TEcclesiaste, Genev., 1563, Svo.
" I lind. .^lichael Cope to have been a zealous Calvinist at Geneva
and other places, a frequent preacher in the French tongue, and
author ill the I'reiirli l.-iiigua-e."— vlf^i'Vj. Oxon.
CopclanU, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1713, 12mo.
Copeland, Thomas. Medical treatises, Lon., 1810,
'12, '18.
Copeman, E. Cases of Apoplexy, Lon., 1S45, 8to.
Copinger, Manricc. Excise Laws, 1799, 4to.
Copland, Alexander, Advocate. Mortal Life, and
the State of the Soul after Death, Ac. ; 2d ed.,Lon..l834,Svo.
'• This work gives us all that can be known of the subject w hich it
treats, and a great deal which can only be conjectured." — Low ndes.
Copland, James, M.D. Pestilential Cholera, Lon.,
12mo. Pal.sy and Apoplexy, 1S50, p. Svo. Dictionary of
Practical Medicine, Library of Pathidogy, and Digest of
Medical Literature, 1S33-58, 3 vols. Svo. This invaluable
work should be in the possession of every medical man,
and in every pulilic library. From the many commenda-
tions before us. we have room but for a few lines from two
or three eminent authorities :
■MVe feel it a great duty to record our opinion that, as there is
no medical practitioner iii this c(>untry. old or young, high or low,
who will not derive gre,at pleasure and great profit by consulting
Dr. Copland's Dictionary, so we think there is no one who should
not add the work to his'libiary."— ifri^ f'wrf Fur. ikd. Kcview.
"The labour is immense, and will stamp the author as a man of
great research, unusual industry, and sound judgment.'' — Lrrn.
Meilicn-Cln'r. I>'fn'nu.
" It is the prodU'-tion of a physician profoundly acquainted with
the medical literature ofall countries. and one practically acquainted
with the immense class of diseases usually consigned to that order
of the profession to which he belongs." — Lon. Medical and Surgical
Journal.
Copland, Patrick. Virginia's God be thanked; a
Thanksgiving Serm., with some Epistles by Peter Pope, an
Indian Voiilli, L'Oi., 1622, 4to.
Copland, l»cter. Con. to Med. Com. Facts and Me-
moirs, Lon.. 1791. '93. '99, and 1805.
Copland, Robert, a printer, Ac, d. about 154S? Hye
Way to the Spvttel House, Lon.. 4to; reprinted in Utter-
son's Pieces of early Popular Poetry, vol. ii. lyl of Braunt-
ford's Testament, newly compiled, 4to. Copland was author
of some other i>ieces. and trans, from the French. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; AVarton's Eug. Poet.; Athen. Oxon.;
llitson's Bibl. Poet.
COP
COR
Copland, Robert, The Qucstionary of Chyrurgions;
with the Formulery of Uttl Guido in Chyrurgirie, with
the Spectacles of Cbyrurgiens newly adtled, and the fourth
book of the Terapeulycke, or Metbod Curative of Claud.
Galyen, Prince of Physicians, with a singular Treatise of
the cure of Ulcer?, Lon., 1541, 4to.
Coi)lau(I, Samuel, D.D. Christian Character, 17S5.
Copland, Samuel. Hist, of Madagascar, Lou., 1S21,
8vo.
Copleston, Edward, D.B., 1776-1849, a native of
Offwell, Dcvitn, elected scholar at Corpus Christi College,
Oxford. 1791; chosen Fellow of Oriel College, 1795; Col-
lege tutor. 1797; Prof, of Poetry, 1802; Proctor. 1S07;
Provost of Oriel. ISU; Dean of Chester, 1S26; Bishop of
Llandafl" and Dean of St. Paul's, 1S27. Letter to John
Coker. ISIO. Enquiry into the doctrines of Xeeessity and
Predestination ; 4 discourses, Lon., 1S21. Svo. See Review
in Quart. Rev., xxvi. 82. See a list of Bishop C.'s other
serms., speeches, &c. in Darling's Cyc. Bibl. The follow-
ing work conferred great reputation upon the author : Pra?-
lectiones Academicas Oxonii habitse, 1813, Svo, and 1828,
Svo, Oxonii.
'■The eleiiant and masterly Pra?lectiones of Mr. Copleston, de-
livered iiy him as Professor of Poetry at Oxford, are. we presume,
ab-eady in the hands of our readers." — Muscuin Criticum.
Copleston, John. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to.
Copley, Anthony, A Fig for Fortune. Recta securas,
Lon., loUl). 4to. Trans, of the prose porli<in of Wits,
Fittes, and Fancies, 1595, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
iv. 1966.
Copley, Esther, late Mrs. Hewlett, one of the most
useful writers of the present century. AVc notice a few of
her many excellent works. Scripture Hist, for Youth, Lon.,
1829. 2 vols. 16mo.
" The plan and executinn of this work are both biirhly creditable
to the piety, talents, research, and taste of the esteemed author."
^Lon. Ev'i/igi-h'c'il Miff.
Scripture Nat. Hist, for Youth. 1S2S, 2 vols. Svo. Scrip-
ture Biography, 1S35, Svo. Early Friendships, 1S40, ISmo.
*• It is aJfr;n;Iively wi-itten, and full of interest." — fhm. Jidr.
Little Harry and his Uncle Benjamin, IS II, 16mo. Hist.
of Slavery and its Abolition; 2d ed., 1S;>0, Svo.
"The best compendium with which we are acquainted." — Lon.
Chr'isti'in Guardian.
Copley, J. S. Borough of Horsham, ISOS, Svo.
Copley, John. Observ. on Religion, Lon., ICll, 4to.
Copley, Josiah* Thoughts of Favoured Hours,
Phila., 1858, l8mo.
Coppe, Abiezer. Flying Roll, Ac, Lon., 1G46,*49, '51.
Coppee, Henry, b. in Savannah, Georgia, Oct. lo,
1821 ; grad. at West Point in 1845, and served through
the Mexican War as a lieutenant of artillery; at its close,
breveted a captain and sent as an instructor to the Military
Academy; remained on that duty until 1855; was then
appointed Prof. English Literature and History in the
University of Pcnna., in the place of Prof. Henry Reed.
Elements of Logic, Phila., 1857. Elements of Rhetoric,
1S58. Edited Gallery of Famous English and American
Poets, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1S5S, Svo. Con-
trib. artitdes in prose and verse to various periodicals, Ac.
Coppin, Richard, Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1649,
'53. '54, -bb.
Copping, John, Dean of Clogher. Sermon, Lon.,
1740, 4tn.
Coppinsr^ Thomas. Fast Serm., 1702, 4to.
Coppinger, 31at. Poems, Songs, and Love-Verses,
Lon., 1GS2. 12mo. Reed s.ile, 6600, £6 Gs.
Coppinger, Sir Nath. A Speech for the bringing
in of the Archbishop of Canterbury to his Long-Expected
Trial. Lou.. 1641. 4to.
Copway, George, (Kahgegwagehow,) Indian
of the Ojibway nation, b. August, 1820, in Michigan; for
many years connected with the press of New York Cityj
has lectured extensively throughout Europe and America.
1. Recollections of a Forest Life, 1S47, 2. Traditional
History of the Ojibway Nation, 1850. ?,. Ojibway Con-
quest; a Poem, [curious,] 1850. 4. Running Sketches of
Men and Places in Europe, 1851. 5. Copway's American
Indian.
Corbet, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Corbet, Jeft'ray. Protestant's Warning Pieces, 1656.
Corbet, John, of Bonvl. Scotland. Ungirdling of
the Scottish Armour. Dubl.,'l639. 4to.
Corbet, John, 1G20-16S0, educated at Magdalen Hall.
Oxford, obtained the living of Bramshot, Hampshire ;
ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Hist. Relation of the
Milt. Government of Gloucester, Lon., 1645, 4to. Vindi-
cation of the Magistrates and Ministers of Gloucester, 1646,
4to. Self-Employment in Secret, 16S1, 12mo. Remains,
1684, 4to. Other works. See Athen. Oxon.
Corbet, John, beheaded in the Irish Rebellion. Epistle
Congratuhitorie to the Covenanters in Scotland. 1640. 4to.
Corbet, John, English Grammar. Shrew., 1784, 12mo.
Corbet, Miles. Speech in H. of Commons. 1647, foL
Corbet,Richard,D.D.,1582-16;i5. educated at Broad-
gate's Hall and Christ Church. Oxford, Bean of Christ
Church. 1627; Bishop of Oxford, 1629; translated to Nor-
wich, 1632. Journey to France; a Poem. Oratio-Oxon.,
1613, 4to. Certain elegant Poems. Lon., 1647,12mo. Poetical
Stromata, or Pieces in Poetry, 1648, '72, Svo. Fourth ed.
of his Poems, with addits. and Life by Octavius Gilchrist,
1809, 12mo. Of Corbet's Poems the Journey into France,
an amusing sketch, is
*■ Remarkable for eiving; some traits of the French character that
are Tisible iu the present day."
The Farewell to the Fairies also possesses much humour.
See Aubrey's Letters; Life by Gilchrist; Athen. Oxon.
Corbet, Roger, Letter from Court, Lon., 1647, 4to,
Corbet, Thomas. Gospel Incense, 1653, 12mo.
Corbett, Misses. The New Happy Week; or, Holi-
days at Beechwood, Lon.
"Thf convt-rs.itious ave natural, animated, and sparkling with
good humour and agreeable plt-apantry." — Ediii. Even. Fo.st.
The Happy AVeek; or, Holidays at Beechwood, 3d ed.
"The Happy "Week will be read with avidity by those of our
youn^ fi-iends who may be so fortunate as to obtain possi'ssioD of
it. The * Large Nose" is capit.al. The contents of the book are agree-
ably varied." — Cliridian Advocate.
Lessons for the Heart, selected from the best Examples
for the Improvement of Young Persons.
" We have been delighted with this volume, and consider it a
very valu-ible addition to the list of books designed for the in-
struction of the young. A safer, or more useful, or more entertain-
ing little work could scarcely be put into their hands." — Christian
Instiitclor.
Elucidations of Interesting Passages in the Sacred Vo-
lume, drawn from the Works of the most celebrated Coni-
mentator.s and Travellers, First and Second Series.
'• We assure parents, guardians, and teachers, that they cannot
do a better service to the education of the young, than put into
the hands of those under their charge these deserving volumes."
— Srndish Guardian.
The Cabinet for Youth, containing Narratives, Sketches,
and Anecdotes, for the Instruction and Amusement of the
Young, 3d edition.
'• The book is a good one. and will be a popular one, or we err
greatly in our eslim.ite of what young folks like to read, and what
their guardians think it advisable to purchase for them." — Ediii'
hurgh Oh.errer.
Corbett, 31. de* Oriental Key to the Sacred Scrip-
tures, as they arc illustrated by the Rites, &c. of Eastern
Nations. Lon., 18."17, 18mo.
Corbett, Thomas. An Inquiry relative to the
Wealth of Individuals, Lon., 1841. ]2mo.
'• It deserves the attentive perusal of the commercial world."—
Lon. Ni'w MrmOilii Mag.
Corbett, Uvedale. Inquiry into the Election Lawi»,
Lon., 1816, Svo. U. C. and E.'R. Dauiell: Reports of
Controversial Elections. 1821, 8vo.
Corboultl, Edward. Aristoraenes : a Grecian Tale,
with Illustrations, Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
'•In these two handsome volumes we find considerable power
of writing." — Lon. Literary G^tzctie.
" The whole effusion bears the very spirit of classical antiquity."
— Lfm. Muuihly A<h'erti^er.
Corbyn, Benjamin. Sermon.
Corbyn, Samnel. To the Unconverted, 1677, Svo.
Corbyn, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1765, Svo.
Corder, Susannah. Life of Elizabeth Fry. This
work has been highly commended.
Corderoy, Jeremy. Theol. treat., Lon., 1604, '08, Svo.
Cordiuer, Charles. Antiquities and Scenery of the
North of Scotland, Lon., 1780, 4to.
'•An intelligent and very amusing work, designed as a supple-
ment to Pennant's Scottish Tour."— LoviNDis.
Remarkable Ruins and Romantic Prospects of North
Britain, -with Ancient Monuments and Singular Subjects
of Natural History. Lon., 1788-95. 2 vols. 4to.
Cordiner, James. Description of Ceylon, Lon.,
1S07, 2 vols. 4to.
" Mr. Cordiner made the tonr of the -svhole sea-co.ist of the island,
a journey of nearly SOU miles. lie states many valuable facts ; liia
two volumes contain a great deal of curious matter." — Lon. Qua>t.
Jieview.
Cordwell, J. New System of Physic, 1668-70, Svo.
Core, Francis. Treatise on Witches, Lon., 1564. Svo.
Corfe, Joseph. Treatise on Singing, Lon., 1791, foL
Coriat, Jun. See Coryate.
Coriat, Thomas. See Coryate.
Corker, Edward. His Case, foL
COR
Corker, James, is supposed to hn.va written the
treatise cntitleil, Roman Catliolie Principles in reference
to Gorl and the king, 1680, which was referred to by Lord
Stafford on his trial in vindication of his faith. A new
edit, was pub. by Rev. John Kirk, 1815, 8vo.
" It is a clear and accurate exposition of the Kom.in t'ajoo'"^
Creed on some of its most important principles, and has all tnc
authority that such a document can receive from time and unj-
versal assent."— Charles Butler. , ., ^. . • ■ „.;.i
'• In perusine the Principles. Dr. Leland, the historian, is s.Tid
to have declared, that, if such were the principles of Roman Catho-
lics, no government had any risht to quarrel with them. bee
Charles Butlers Memoirs respect, the En-lish, Irish, and fecottisn
Catholics. 1819: ii. 40, 345-353.
Corker, Samuel. Funl. Serm., Dubl., 1695, 4to.
Cormack, John. Lives of Philosophers ; trans, from
Fonelon, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. Fem.ale Infanticide in
Guezerat, 1815, Svo. Sermon, Edin., 1810.
Cormiek, C. M. Hist, of England, from the Death
of George XL to the Peace of 1783, Lon., 3 vols 12iiio
Cormouls, Thomas. Eversion; or the Refutation
of the present Principles of Mundane Philosophy, Wol-
verh., 1804, Svo. ,
Corncob, Jonathan, Loyal American Refugee, The
Adventures of, Lon., 1787, 12nio. ,,.,,, ,,,,,.
-The piotolvpe of the IMIs and Tmllorei. who, as the Month >
Keview says, •'thou-ht that his ridicule of the JonaUmm would
render his work the more acceptable in England.' "-Rice i B,b.
Amcr. Kifva.
Cornelius, Lucins. Do Monarchia Jesuitarum,
Lon., 1648, '65, '80, 8vo.
Cornelius, Peter. A Way to make the Poor, in these
and other Nntions, happy, Lon., 1659, 4to Surely so phi-
lanthropic a proposal demands, a respectful consideration :
Cornell, Ebenezer. Sermon. Lon., 1756, 8vo.
Cornell, S. S., Corresponding Member of the Ame-
rican Geographical and Statistical Society. Author of a
series of popular School Geographies.
Cornell, Kev. Wm. Mason, M.D., b. 1802, Massa-
chusetts, gra.l. at Brown Univ., 1827. Grainmar of the
Encrlish Language. Consumption Prevented, 8th edition.
Consumption Forestalled and prevented. Sabbath made
for Man. Treatise on Epilepsy. Contributed largely to
the various medical and educational journals.
Corner, Julia, may be styled, without compliment,
one of the most useful writers of the age. Of her many
valuable works, we notice : Questions on tlie Hist, of liu-
rope; a Sequel to Miss Mangnalfs Hist. Questions; new
ed., Lou., 1847, 12nio. „ . •
"Miss Corner is a worthy successor to Miss Manpiall. An im-
mense quantity of matter is condensed in these pages. —Urn. L,u.
''"children's Sunday Books, 1860-52. Hist, of China and
India. The Historical Library, 1840-48, 14 vols. 12mo.
"Wo know of no works better suited for youth, or the careful
perusal of which is likely to be attended with m.a-e lasting laiprcs-
?ions, than Miss Corner's Hist. Library. '--ion. OmservaUveJoiu
" Aliss Corner writes intelligibly and Hucutly, with much easy
end winning grace."— ioji. Mig. of Arts and Scimts.
We have perhaps 20 or 30 such commendations before us.
Corney, Bolton. New Curiosities of Literature, in
Dlustration of D'Israeli. Lon., 1838, p. Svo : and a 2d ed.
"Ce livre est nne vive critique des Curiositcs rtc la bitterature,
recueil d'anecdot*s et de remarques bihlio-r.ipliiquys fort .epandu
en Aneleterre . . . M. Dolton Corney a dc,;a piiMie uu C-cnt fort
hidMeux sur la Tapiss.ii.. dc I>,ayeux."-.f...rm.; Jcs Havants. _
■'•• These illustratiM,^ a,,- bv tu- the best specimens of hrstoncal
and bibliographical rrilirism that we have seen anywhere this
many a day."— ion. Mflr<,pi,htau Magazine.
"A m.asterlv volume."— iMid™ Kraiin>i€?-. , , ,. -
See a communication from Mr. Corney, and a letter from
the Rev. Alexander Crombio, respecting the above-named
work, in the Gent. M.ag., Oct. 1841, 355.
Thomson's Seasons, edit, by Bolton Corney, 1842, sq. 8vo.
" Mr Bolton Cornev's labours are not the less to be commended
because they are unobtrusive : the work is extremely well edited.
The Poetical Works of Oliver Goldsmith; edited by
Bolton Corney, 1845, Svo. A valuable edit.
"The whole of the poems have been collated with the several
oHilinns- (ho Deserted Villa"" lioasts an improved text ; and the
orat^rtoof^he Capt vitv is piotcd complete from the MS. in Mr.
Mun-ay's possession. A new memoir of the poet has the merits
of ful ness and accuracy in respect of facts, and conciseness in point
of style."— i»"f'oK ■SP'ctator. ., , i ht . j'
Mr Corney is well known as a contributor to Notes and
Queries and other journ.als. He is one of the few learned
archffiologists still left (1858) of the school of Nichols and
Gough. Baker and Cole. . . t,t ii
Comings, Benj. N., b. 1817, at Cornisb, N. Hamp-
shire. Principles of Physiology, 1S51. Class Book of
Physiology, 1853. Preservation of Health and Prevention
of Disease, 1854.
4ao
COR
Cornish, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, ic, 17S0, '89,
'90. Importance of Classical Learning. 1783, Svo.
Cornish, T. H. Juryman's Legal Hand Book and
Manual of Common Law, 2d ed., Lon., 1843, 8vo.
"This little volume contains much curious as well as useful
m.itter. collected from various sources, adapted pnncipallj to the
use of the gener.al re-ader."— 25 Legal Observer. 600.
Cornish, William Floyer. Essay on Vs<:s, Lon.,
18''5 Svo. Essay on the Law of Remainders, 1S2(, Svo.
" It involves ciitical discussions upon the most abstruse, subtle,
and arifici.al distinctions in the 1".«; »,'.'l!''f- ■'""'"r^'* %f U^
and dry critic, dealing in occult pmnts.' -^ Kent s Om., 198, 24d,
260.
Tlis new classification may be maintained without materially
impaiiin" the usefulness of Mr. Fearne's treatlse."-i*#nu>n<i ie-
''"Treatte"'on Purchase Deeds, 1828, 8vo.
"A very creditable production, better smted however, for Eng-
lish conveyances than for this cnun ry. . . ■J^']'jJ^";,^J[°'^J^;.
pen of Air Cornish is learned and able.' —Hufnan sLigal iludi/ .
f, ?'r an account of this learned author, who died at an early age.
Cornthwaite,Robert. The Sabbath, Lon.. 1740,8vo.
Cornwall, Barry. See Procter, Brv-4N ^\ alter.
Cornwall, Frederic. As.size Serm., Lon., 1 , 10, Svo.
Cornwall, Capt. Henry. Observations upon several
Voyngcs to India, Lon., 1720, fol. Magnetic ISeedle;
Phil. Trans., 1722. ,™ ,. w ■. t
Cornwall, James. Tables of Pleadings, Writs, ic.,
Lon., 1705. fid. This sometimes accompanies G. Town-
seud's Tables. 1667.
Cornwall, John, D.D. Serm., Camb., 1(01, 4to.
Cornwall, N. E. Music as it Was and as it Is, ISew
CornwaIIeys,Henrv. Serms., Ac. Lon., 1693-1706.
Cornwallis, Sir Charles, d. about 1630. The Life
and Death of Henry. Prince of Wales, Lon., 1641, Svo
and 4to- 1644, 1738, '51 ; with an Appendix, 1788, Svo.
Granger' commends this work for elegance of style, but
Birch condemns it as extremely superficial.
Cornwallis, Charles, Marquis, 1738-1805, served
against the Americans in their revolutionary struggle, and
afterwards distinguished himself in Ireland and the East
Indies. In 1762 he succeeded his father in the Earldom
of Cornwallis. He accepted the government of British
India in 1790, and again in 1805. He died m the latter
vear at Ghazepore, in the province of Benares. An Answer
to that part of the Narrative of Lieut.-Gen. Henry Clinton,
K B which relates to the Conduct of Earl C. during the
Campaign in North America, in the year "81. '82 8vo.
Cornwallis, Frederick, Archbishop of Canterbury,
d 1783 son of Lord Cornw.illis, was consecrated Bishop
of Lichfield and Coventry, 1749 ; translated to Canterbury,
1768. Serms., 1751, '52, '56, '62.
Cornwallis, James, Dean of Canterbury, 1775, con-
secrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1781. Serms.,
1777, '82, ISll. . ^, „
Cornwallis, Mrs. Mary. Observations on the Ca-
nonical Scriptures, Lon., 1S17, '20, and last ed., 1831, 4
^°" A judicious and pleasing companion in the perus.al of the Holy
Scriptures."— ioioKte's Brit. Lib.
Cornwallis, Sir William, son of Sir Charles. Es-
says, Lon., 1600, Svo; newly corrected, 1632, Svo. Dis-
coiirscs upon Seneca, 1601 , 16mo. Union of England and
Scotland, 1604, 4to. Essays on Encomium of Sadness
and of Julian the Apostate, 1616, '26,4to. Praise of Rllig
Richard 1617: in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. iii.
Corn'well, B. M. L. The Domestic Physician, 17S5,
Cornwell, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1644, '45, '46.
Cornwcll. James, has jmb. many useful educational
.„orts— on (iiammar. Gcogruiiby, Composition, &e.— some
of them in coniunction with the late Dr. Alexander Allen.
Their works hive been highly commended as
" Written bv those who are protbundly acquainted with the
sources of ourlanKU.age."-('?»/rc;; »/ England Qimrtfrl;/.
Corp, Harriet. An Antidote to the Miseries of Hu-
man Life, or the Widow Placid and her daughter Rachel,
1814 '* vols fc. Svo.
Corn, W'illiam, M.D. Jaundice. 1785. Essay, 1792.
Corri, I). Singer's Preceptor, 1811, 2 vols. Svo.
Corrie, Archibald, 1777-1857, a distinguished agri-
cultural writer. , ,, , „
Corrie, !>., LL.D.. first Bishop of Madras. Memoirs
of- compiled cbicflv from his own Letters and Journals,
bv' bis Brothers, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
Corrie, Edgar. Treat.onPolit.Econ.,li91, 96,1808.
Corrie, George Elwes, Norrisian Prof, of Div'mty.
Cambridge. Burnet's Hist, of tho Reformation abridged,
Lon., 1847, Svo.
COR
COS
" Tn this Edition, tho supplemental Matter added by the Bishop,
and which has hitherto existeii in a St-|.ai-;ite Form, hris been in-
corpni-.ited into llie Ili'^tory : admitted Error has been corrected,
ami simie ih:in;4es and adilitious made."'
Corrie, James, M.D. Vitality of the Blood, Lon.,
1791, Svo.
Corrie, John. Apologry for the diversity of religious
sentiments, 1802, Svo. ReflectioDs on Private Judgment
in Reli-ficn ; a serm., 1S04, Svo.
Corrigan, Andrew, Theory and Practice of Modern
Agriculture ; to which is added, the breeding and manage-
ment of sheep, cattle, pigs, and poultry, with some remarks
on dairy-husbandry, 1853.
'•Tliis small work is truly a muUum in parvo, showing a very
rnrrect knowledge of the articles described."' — DonaldUoii's AgricuU.
Hi Of/.
Corry, John. Life of Washington, Lon.. 1800, 12mo ;
of A. Berkelev, 1808, 12mo; of Cowper, 1803, 12mo; of
J. Priestley, 1805, Svo. Tales. 1S02, 12mo. View of Lon-
don, 1799, 12mo. Addre.ss, 1803, 12mo. Novels, 1S03. &c.
The Detector of Quackery, or Analysis of Medical, Philo-
sophical, Political, Dramatic, and Literary Imposture,
ISOI, Svo.
Corry, John. Hist, of Bristol, by J. C. and John
Evans, Bristol, 1816, 2 vols. r. Svo.
" In little estiiiiatioii.'' — Lowndes.
Corry, Joseph. Windward Coast of Africa, 1S07, 4to.
Corse, John. Nat. History : see Phil. Trans., 1799,
1800.
Corser, William. Fast Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to.
Corwine, Richard 1>I. Digest of Cases in H. C. of
E. and A., &c. of Mississippi, Cincinnati, 1845, 8vo.
'"The material of this volume seems to have been carefully col-
lected, and is very well an-ant^ed." — Afiirvin's I-P.ijal Bihl.
Cory, E. A. Diseases of Children, Lon., 12mo.
Cory, Isaac Preston. Ancient Fragments of vari-
ous writers, 2d ed., Lon., 1S32, Svo, Ancient and M. Phi-
losophy, 12mo. Inquiries, 12mo,' ditto, 12mo. Accounts,
Svo. Official Accounts, Svo.
Cory, Thomas. Course and P. of C. C. Pleas, 1672,4to.
Coryate, or Coryat, George, d. 1606, educated at,
and Fellow of. New College, Oxford : Rector of Odcombe,
1570 ; Prebendary of York, 1594. Poemata varia Latina,
1611, 4to. Descriptio Anglite, Scotia3, et Hibernire.
'• lie was a person much commended iu his time for his fine
fancy in Latin poetry, and for certain matters which he had writr
ten." — Athen. Oxon.
Coryate, or Coryat, Thomas, 1577-1617, son of
the preceding, educated at Gloncester Hall, Oxfor<l, was
celebrated for his extended pedestrian excursions over a
large portion of the Continent. In 1608 he travelled
through France, Germany, ami Italy, walking 1975 miles,
more than half of which were accomi'lished in one pair of
shoes, which were only once mended, and on his return
were hung up in the church of Odcombe. Of this trip he
pub. an accnunt in 1611, 4to, under the title of Coryat's
Crudities hastily goblcd vp in five months' Trauclls in
France, Ac. Bib. Anglo-Poet., 113, £15. Repub. in 1776,
3 vols. Svo.
" Which book was then usher'd into the world by an Odcombi-
ant-Ranquet. ronvisting of near 60 copies of excellent verses made
by the poets of that time, (which did very much advantage the
sale of the book :) among them were Ben Jouson, Sir Jo. Harring-
ton," etc. — Athen. Oxon.
" His book, known by the name of Coriat's Crudities, nauseous
to nice readers, for the rawness thereof, is not altogether useless;
though the porch be more worth than the palace : 1 mean, the pre-
face of other men's mock-commending verses thereon."
This collection of ironical verses presents an amusing
specimen of the taste for humour of many of the greatej^t
names of the day. Coryats Crambe, or his Colwort twise
sodden, and now serued in with other Macarouicke dishes,
as the second course to his Crudities, 1611, 4to. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., £10 Ids. Traveller for the Euglish Wits,
1616, 4to. Mr. Thomas Coriat to his Friends in England
sendeth greeting from Agra, &c., in the Easterne India.
Oct. 16. Lon., 1618, 4to. Some of his pieces will be found
in Purchas's Pilgrimes. In 1612 this eccentric genius
gathered the citizens around him at the cross in Odcombe,
delivered a valedictory oration, and left his country for a
ten years' ramble. But half the assigned limit had ex-
pired, when the wanderer was called to depart to that
*' undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveller re-
turns." He died at Sural in 1617, after explorations in
Greece, Asia, Egypt, and India. Before his roaming pro-
pensities became so strongly developed, he was in the ser-
vice of Henry, Prince of Wales, and seems to have filled
the honourable post of Court Fool, but it appears that he
sometimes displayed more wit than those who had more
reputation for wisdom,
•' Ue carried folly (which the charitable called merriment) in his
very face. The shape of bis head had no promising form, beinjy
like a sugar-loaf inverted, with the little end liefure, as composed
of fancy and memory, without any common sense He ac-
counted thnse men guilty of superfluity, who had more suits and
shirts tb.in bodies, seldom putting oil' either till they were ready
to go away fmm him. Prince Henry allowed him a pension, and
kept him for his servant. Sivret-meats and Coriat made up the
last course at all court entertainments. Indeed he was the cour-
tiers' anvil to try their wits upon : and sometimes Ibis anvil re-
turned the li;ininiers as hard knocks as it received, his bluntness
repaviiii,^ Ihi ir abusiveness.". — Fuller's Worl/iies.
'•The disiiiiL^uished characteristic of Coryat's mind seems to
have l.een a pas^-ion for travelling, and an irrepressible desire to
render his name tiimous by his peregrinations. 'Of all the plea-
sures in the world.' says he, 'travel is (in my opinion) the sweetest
and most deliL'htful."" — Xon. Rttmsp. Ii'ev., 1822, vi. 2H(i.
" He was a man of a very coveting eye, that could never be sa-
tisfied with seeing, tho" he had seen very much, and yet he
took as much content in seeing, as many others in the enjoying
of great and rare things." — Athrn. Oxrni. See also Biog. Brit.;
Censura LJteraria; Bibl. Anglo-I'oet. ; Purchas's Pilgrims.
We should not omit to mention that the useful thousand
miles shoes which Coryat wore in his first travels were al-
lowed to hang in undisturbed dignity in Odcombe Church
for nearly a century. About 1702 they were removed, and
where they are now preserved, or whether preserved at all,
is more than we can say. We commend the subject to the
early attention of the Society of Antiquaries.
Coryat, [Coriat,] Junior. Another Traveller; or
Cursory Remarks and Critical Observations, maile ujion a
Journey through part of the Netherlands, in the latter
part of the year 1766, Lon., 1767, 3 vols. 12mo. This la
the production of the celebrated Samuel Paterson, tho
London auctioneer,
"This book was an imitation of Pferne.and not of Coriat. whose
name Paterson had chosen as a whimsical one."' — Dr. Johnson.
But Paterson pub. a pamphlet entitled An Appeal, Ac,
to prove that his work was written before the appearance
of Sterne's Sentimental Journey.
'* As travels we are in conscience bound to say. that we cannot
reckon them very praiseworthy ; they do not, in fact, contain above
half a dozen descriptions. Nor as a series of anecdotes will they
stand the test; the number of these not being great, and honest
Paterson not being the very best narrator of a story we have met
with." — Lon. Eeirosp. Bn:. 1825, xii. 290. q. v. For an account of
Sam. Paterson, see the above, and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Corye, John. Tho Generous Enemies, or the Ridi-
culous Lovers, a Comedy, Lon., 1672, 4to.
'■ A compilement or rather plagiarism from other authors." —
Lowndes.
Corymbnpus, ?*. e. Richard Brathwait.
Coryton, John. A Treatise on the Law of Letters
Patent for the sole use of Inventions in the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, includiiig the practice
connected with the Grant; to which is added a Summary
of the Patent Laws in force in the principal foreign States ;
with an appendix of Statutes, Rules, Prncticiil Forms, <te.,
Lon., 1S55. Svo ; Amcr. ed., with notes referring to Amer.
Cases. Phila., 1S55, Svo.
Cosbic, Arnold, Ultimum Vale to the Vaine World,
an Eiegie written by himself in the MarshalscM. after his
condemnation for murthering Lord Brooke, 1501, 4to.
Cosens, John, D.D. The Economy of Beauty; in a
Series of Faldes addressed to the Ladies, 1777, 4to. Serms.,
Lon.. 1793, 2 vols. Svo.
j ''The style of these sermons is vigorous, animated, and well
suited to popular discourses.'' — Lon. Mnnthln lievifw.
*'They tend to promote the cause of piety and virtue, and may
j be read with considerable pleasure and edification." — BHt. Critic.
I Cosh, William. The Cause of the Cooper, Lon.,
, 17G5, 4to.
j Cosin, James. Names of Roman Catholics, Nonju-
! rorsi and others who refused to take the Oath in George
I the First's time, Lon., 1745, Svo.
Cosin, or Cozen, John, D.D., 1504-1672, a native
of Norwich, educated at, and Fellow of, Caius College,
Cambridge, Mat^ter of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1638 ; Dean
of Peterborough, 1640. In the time of the Commonwealth
I he was de]jrived of his ecclesiastical preferments, and re-
tired to Paris, where he exercised his ministerial functions
greatly to the advantage of the Protestant cause,
I '-Yea. whilst he remained in France, hf wa'^ the Atlas of the Pro-
testant relitrinn. supporting the same with his piety and learning.
cnnfirming the waveiing therein, yea. adding daily proselytes (not
of the meanest rank) thereunto." — Fiilltr\-i Worthins.
j At the Restoration he returned, and within the year was
raised to the Bishopric of Durham. A Collection of Pri-
' vato Devotions in the Practice of the Ancient Churches,
called the House of Prayer, Lon., 1627, Svo. This manual,
said to have been compiled at the re(|uest of Charles I., or
I of the Countess of Denbigh, was a chief cause of the trou-
bles which befell the worthy doctor. The frontispiece' — a
cross, angels, &c. — especially, aroused the ire of Prynne
431
COS
COT
and Burton. The Puritans style! the collection a book of 1 nnd most popular writers of H'c day Specimens of the
— Early Poetry of France, Lon., Ib35, bvo.
-Dr.
Cozening Devotions. A Scholastical History of the Canon
of Holy Scripture*, Lon., lOoJ, 4to, 1072, 'S3; now edit.,
1849, vide poel.
''This work coutains a pretty satisfactory induction of the evi-
dence for the authenticity of the Scriptures; and of the dilTerent
degrees of authority or respect which the church has attached to
the apocryph.^1 boolis. It hiis long Iwen couipletcly superseded by
the more' extensive and accurate worlvs of .tones. Lardner. and
Michaelis; but is still deserving of respect for the service which it
rendered at the time." — Onne's Biht. Bib.
Historia Transubstant. Papalis, 1675, 8vo ; in English,
1676, 8vo ; now edit., revised with a Memoir of the author,
by Rev. J. S. Brewer, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
" A most substantial treatise .against trausubstantiation,
John DruEL.
Notes on the Book of Common Pniyor, 1710, fol. Dr.
C. pub. some other treatises. An edit, of his works, now
first collected, was pub. in Oxford, 1843-45, 5 voLs. 8vo;
Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theology. A letter of Dr. C.'s upon
the Validityof the orders of the Foreign Ref<.rmod Churches,
will be found in Two Treatises on the Church, edited by
Rev. Wm. Goode, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
'■ One whose abilities, quicit apprehension, solid judgment, va-
riety of reading. 4c. are suthcit-ntly made linown to the world in
bis learned booivs, whereby he h.ath perpetuated his name to pos-
terity. I must not pass over his constancy in his relisiou. which
rendered him amiable in the eyes not of good men only, but of
that of God, with whom there is no variabliness nor shadow of
changing. It must beconfesscd that a S'.rt ol' f"nil p."i.li' surmised
as if he had once been declining to the pn],i.-li pcrsu.'o-inn. Thus
the dim-sighted complain of the darkness of tlie room, wljcn, alas,
the fault is in their own eves; and the lame, of the unevenness of
the floor, when indeed it lieth in their unsound legs."— i^'aUcr's
WirtMes.
Cosin, Richard, LL.D., Dean of the Arches, also
Chancellor of the diocese of Worcester from 1579 until
1598. An Answer to a Libel entitleil An Abstract of Cer-
tain Acts of Parliament, Lou., 15S4, 4to. Conspiracio for
pretended Reformation, viz.: Presbyterial Discipline by
Haeket, Coppinger, and Arthington, 1592, 4to. Apologie
for sundrie Proceedings by lurisdiction Ecclesiastieall,
159.1, 4 to. Commended .as ■' a learned and excellent work."
There was an earlier edit, in two parts, only 40 copies
printed. Carmina, Ac, 1598, 4to. Eeclesia; Anglicanio
Politeia in Tabulas digesta, Lon., 1604, fob: O.Kt'., 1634,
fob; with preface by Allane, 1684, fob Regni Anglife sub
impcrio Reginse ElizabethEC Religio ot Gubernatio Eccle-
siastica, ancta et emendata, cura Joaunis Cosinl. Gul.
Wechct, Editoro, Lon., 1729, 4to.
" lie was a general scholar, geometrician, musician, physician,
divine, but chiefly civil and canon lawyer. . . . His last words
were these, * Farewell, my surviving frimids; remember your mor-
talitv and eternal life.' -—Fiilh-r's Wnrthirs.
Cossham, J. N. Interest Time Tables. 1813, 12mo.
Costa, Emanuel M. Da. See P.i Costa.
Costard, George, 17111-1782, Fellow and Tutor of
■Wadham College, Vicar of Twickenham, 1761. Mr. C.
was versed in astronomy, and famous for his Oriental learn-
ing, and thereby acquired the title of Rabbi Costard. Ob-
servations on some Psalms, 8vo. Use of Astronomy. 1764,
4to. Hist, of Astronomy, 1767, 4to. A second edit, of Hyde's
Historia Rcligiouis Veterum Persarum corumque Magorum,
1760, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1745, '51, '53, '54, '77.
Observations on the Book of Job, 1747, Svo.
"Ingenious, but not all correct. He was of opinion that it was
not older th.an the time of the Babylonish captivity; and consi-
dered it a piece of exalted and regular Eastern poetry, of the dr.v
ruatic Itind." — Orme^s Bill. Bib.
Other publications. See Biog. Brit; Bibb Brit.; Ni-
chols's Literary Anecdotes.
Coste, Peter. Trans, of Montaigne's Essays, 1769,
3 vols. Svo.
"All inunense treasure-house of observation, anticipating all
the discoveries of succeeding essavists: you cannot opeu him with-
out detecting a Spectator, or liambler."— I.vioh Hint.
Very extravagant, this, Mr. Lcigb Hunt!
Costeker. The Fine Gentleman; or. The Education
of a Young Nobleman. Lon.. 1732. Svo.
Costello, Mrs. The Soldier's Orphan; a Tale, 1809,
3 vols. 12mo.
*' Some novels hiive no character at all. and this is one of them.
It is neither remarkably dull, nor particularly lively ; neither per-
fectly uninteresting, nor peculiarly pleasing; in short, neither
commendalile nor reprehensible." — Lon, Mfmthhi Beviet'K 1809.
Costello, Dudley. A Tour through the Valley of
the Mouse. Lon., 1846, p. Svo.
Costello, t'ol. Edward. Adventures of a Soldier,
Lon., 1841, p. Svo.
'•This highly interesting volume is fdled with details and anec-
dotes of the most sterling character, and well deserves a place in
the library of every regiment iu the service." — Naval mid Military
Cazrilr.
Costello,l,ouisa Stuartjoneof the most yoluminous
132
We warmly rccommeud MissCostello's very elegautlittlc work."
— Lfm. All'emrum.
Summer amongst the Bocages and Vines,1840, 2 vols. Svo.
"These volumes are written with true gusto: they sparlJe over
with skct. ins "f romantic scenery, outlioes of antitiue places, his-
toiii-:il Ic'z- ii'ls, local traditions, i&c." — Lon. AtUts.
" Most uLMccatile volumes.'" — Lon. Qiiar. litview.
The Queen Mother, a Romance, 3 vols. p. Bvo. A Pil-
grimage to Auvergne. 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
" •' Two more delijhlful volumes have not proceeded from the pen
of the tourist." — h.lm Bull.
Memoirs of Eminent Englishwomen, 1844, 4 vols. Svo.
The reader will here find 37 biographies.
The Rose Garden of Persia; trans, from the Persian
Poets, 1845, Svo.
'• She has by this remarkable volume of specimens at once won
her w:iy into the foremost rank of modern pouts."— ion. M. VI rim.
The Falls, Lakes, and Mountains of N. Wales, 1846, Svo.
" It is gralifving to find that she has broucht her exquisite sense
of the picturesque, and vivid aiqiieciation of local historical asso-
ciation, alwavs simple and unpictcuding in their enuniiatmn, to
bear npon a "portion of Great liiitain."— jtmsworyi's JUai/aane.
A Tour to and from Venice, 1846, Svo.
" A pleasanter hook for travellers bound to the north of Italy it
would be difficult to Raii."—Oj-f<iril ami Camlridije Utriew.
Jacques Coeur, the French Argonaut, and His Times,
1847, Svo. Miss C. has also pub. Beam and the Pyrenees,
1844, 2 vols. Svo; Catherine de Medicis, 1S4S, p. ]2mo. and
p. Svo; Clara Fane, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo; Gabrielle, 1S43,
3 vols. p. Svo ; and Songs of a Stranger, Svo. We express
the wish of many, when we record the desire that Miss
Costello may long continue to delight and instruct a public
whom she has made so familiar with her merits.
Coster, Robert. A Mite cast into the common Trea-
sury, 1649, 4to.
Costigau, Capt. A. W. Sketches of Society and
Manners hi Portugal, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo.
" Verv good pictures of Portuguese life and manners, though, in
manv instances, the portraiture seems considerably over-charged —
the outline caricatured—and the colouring too much heightened."
—Lmi. Monthhj Rn\, 17S9.
Costill, O. II. Practical Treati.se on Poisons, their
Symptoms. Antidotes, and Mode of Trcatment,Phila.,18mo.
"Cosway, Blrs. Mary, d. 1804, a miniature painter of
great reputation, projected and partially prepared a collec-
tion of copies of paintings in the MusC'C Franfaise. .accom-
panied with historical notices. In consequence of the loss
of a child, she abandoned her design, and retired to a nun-
nery'near Lyons. Sec Woman's Record.
Cotes. Sketches of Truth, 1803, 3 vols. 12mo.
Cotes, Charles. Oratio, Ac., Harveiana, 1716, 4to.
Cotes, Disby. See Coates.
Cotes, Heury. Scrms., ISOo, '13 ; ditto, from Beau-
sobre, 1S22, Svo.
'• A paraphrase, rather than a translation."— Prc/aoc.
Cotes, J. SurvcyiT's Guide, 1806, Svo.
Cotes, Roger, 16-^2-1716. an eminent mathematician
and astronomer, a native of Burb.age, Leicestershire, was
educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Fellow, 1 705 ; Plu-
mian Prof, of Astronomy, 1706. In 1713 he took orders,
and in the same year, at the desire of Dr. Bentley, he pub.
at Cambridge the second edit, of Sir Isaac Newton's Ma-
them.atica Principin. Ac, with the author's improvement.s,
and a preface of his own, which has been greatly admired.
A number of bis works were pub. after bis death, llar-
monia Mensurnrum, pub. by Dr. Smith, 1722, Camb., 4lo.
Opera Miscellanea, Camb., 1722, 4to. Theoreniata, Ac,
Camb., 1722, 4to. Extracts from his Lectures, 4to. Com-
pendium of Arithmetic; in English, pub. by Dr. Smith,
1737, Svo. Account of a great Meteor which appeared in
1716, Phil. Trans., 1720. Hydros, and Pncumat. Lectures,
pub.'witb notes by Dr. Smith, 1738, Svo. Cotes was emi-
nently versed innmthematics, metaphysics, philosophy,
and divinity. Those not conversant with the sciclitilic his-
tory of the period would consider us extravagant in rank-
ing" Cotes as the eipial of any idiilosopber whom England
has hitherto produced. That Sir Isaac Newton considered
himself as inferior to the editor of his Prineipia, wo have
good reason t') believe. We must not, however, forget to
make proper allowance for the remarkable humility of this
wonderful genius: a humility to which we find a striking
counterpart in the character of a cclebrsited personage,
equally distinguished, though in a far diiferent sphere, —
the illustrious Edmund Burke. The great Dr. Bentley
" Never mentioned Cotes but with the highest regret, [he died at
the a"e or.':5:] he had formed the highest expectations of new
li-lits^aud (tiscovcrirs in Philosniihv horn the penetrating force of
hi's cNlrcuclin.irv'inius; and on tile tablet devoted to his memory
in thechapetof Tii'uity (.■oUcge, has recorded his sorrows, and those
COT
COT
of the whole learned world, in the followiug beautiful and pathetic
epitaph:
II. S. E.
RogtTUS Kobertis filius Cotes,
Collet;ii hiijiis S. Tiinitatis Sni-ius,
Astronomiii' et Kxperinifiitnlis Fhili)Sophife :
Professor I'lumianus.
Qui
immatura morte prareptus,
panca quidem iuKenii sui pijiuora reliquit,
sed egregia, sed adaiiranda,
es inaccessis Mathesws pi/netralibus
felici solertia cum priuium ertua.
Post magnum ilium Newtonum
Sociotatis hujus spes altem
et decus gemellum
Cui ad summam doctrina- laudem."
See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, \\. 128.
Sir Isaac Newton mourned the loss of a great philosopher
ia Cotes, and would exclaim when referring to his early
death — "If Cotes had lived, we had known something."
Cotes, William. Short Questions betwene the Father
and the Sonne, Lon., 15S5, 8vo.
Cotgrrave, John, The English Treasury of Wit and
Language, collected out of the best Dramatick Poems j
methodically digested into common places for generall use,
Lon., 1665, Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., HJS, £:i 8s.
" Thou maj-st not reasonably expect the abstraett- d Quintessence
of betwixt three and foure hundred Poems iu this sniall compasse,
(which yet may be large enough for an es--ay, ) Ibr 1 find that nn ab-
solute impossibility. But I can assure thee, that what is herein
couched, is a great part of the best, and generally Uiken out of the
best." — Address to the Jtmder.
Wit's Interpreter, or the English Parnassus, 1655, Svo.
Cotgrave, Raiidle. French and English Dictionary,
with another by H. Sherwood; edit, liy J. Howell, Lon.,
1673, fol. To thdse who read the old French writers, or
wish to compare the changes in language, this is a valuable
book.
"It is a rich storehouse of old French, and English also." —
Todd.
Cotmau, John Sell, 17S0-1843,b.atN()rwich. Archi-
tectural Antiquities of Jsorraandy, Lon., 1S20. "21, with Hist.
and Descrip. Noti'-es by Dawsun Turner, snpcr-ruy. ful.
" A highly valuable and faithful delineation of hitherto inedited
monuments." — Lon. Qtmr. Jffvinv.
Miscellaneous Etchings, super-roy. fot.. 1812. Architect.
Antiq. of Norfolk, 1812-17, imp. fol. Sepulchral Brasses
in Norfolk. 1819, roy. 4lo ; new edit., greatly enlarged, 2
vols. imp. 4to.
"•A work highly interf^^tincr to the Antiqn.ary and the man of
taste, as throwing imicli li.'hl mi t)i,. i-;iilv hi-tMrv nithis country;
andbeariuganei|uaM.--rv.M.|,Mtiviir,tliiLfiit with tin" Antiquities
of Norfolk' by the same artist," — fJeneral Ili,-i(. of Norfolk.
"Cotman's work on Sepulchral Brasses is by far the most im-
portant publication on the subject." — Dawson Turner.
Liber Studiorum, 183S, imp. fol. Illustrations of Dr.
Dibdin's Bibliographical Tour in France and Normandy,
by J. S. C. and Mrs. D. Turner, imp. Svo. Architect, and
Picturesque Remains in various Counties of England, but
chiefly iu Norfolk. With descriptions by Thomas Rick-
man. Other publications of a similar character. See H.
G. Bohn's Cat., 1841.
■• llis Etcbiniis have all the richness and vijrour of the best artists
of the old ^^chobl, and are hi^rhly prized by all whu are capable of
appreii.itiu^j; them." — Luit. (^nar. litvtew.
Cotta, Johu. Medicine and Witchcraft, 1612-25.
Cotter, George SackviUe. Poems, Cork. 1790, 8vo.
Cotter, Johu U, Gospels of Matt, and Mark, para-
phrased, Lou., 2d ed., 1810, ]2mo. Treatises, Ac. for the
Times, Lon., 1849, ]2mo. Mass and Rubrics of the R. C.
Church, trans, into English, 18-15, 12nio.
"■A very exact version iu our own language."
Cotterel, Sir Charles, Master of the Requests to
Charles II. Cassandra, trans, from the French of La Cal-
prenede, Lon., 1735, 5 vols. 12mo.
" The most famous of the Ileroical Romances, from which Rous-
seau (a <;reat reader of them) has taken some of the affecting inci-
dents in the New Heloise" — Dl'.vi.op.
Historie of the Civill Warres of France, trans, from the
Italian of Davila, by C. C. and Wm. Aylesbury, 1647, fol. :
2d ed., 1678, fol.
" A noble historian, equal to Livy."— Lord Bolinodroke.
*' The History of the Civil Wars from 1559 to 1598 displays pro-
found knowledge of times, ch:iractei's, intrigues, &c." — Hismondi.
Cotterill, T. Speech before the Bible Society, 1813,
Svo.
Cottesford,S. Against Traitors, 1591. Serm.,1622.
Cottin^haiii, John. Serms., Ac, 17S4-1807.
Cottiii£;ham, L. \, Architectural works, 1822-24.
Cottle, Amos Simon, d. 1800. was educated at Mag-
dalen College. Cambridge. Icelandic Poetry, or the Edda
of Sheraend, trans, into English Verse, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Other poetical compositions. Both Amos :ind Jn.se])h Cot-
28
tie were roughly handled by a very foolish young man,
smarting under a deserved rebuke:
"(_»h! Amos Cottle, Phoebus! — what a name
To fill the speaking trump of future fame I
Oh! Amos Cottle! lor a moment think
What meagre profits spread from pen and iukl"
Byron's E»g. Bards and .V. Reviewers.
Tet Amos was a favourite with the terrible Monthly Re-
viewers :
" His Icelandic, like his other poetry, is versified often with vi-
gour, and always with neatness, with grace, and with euphony.
Of Mr. Cottle's poetical talents we have repeatedly spoken with
approbation.'' — Monthly HevUw, 1708, 3S1.
Cottle, John. New Version of the Psalms, Lon.,
1802, 12mo. The author states that he has omitted, trans-
posed, and paraphrased, as the occasion seemed to require.
Cottle, Joseph, d. 1853, in his 84th year. Poems,
1795, 12mo. Malvern Hills, a Poem, 1798, 4to. John the
Baptist, a Poem, 1801, 8vo. Alfred, an Epic Poem, 1801,
4to; 1804, 2 vols. 12mo, and 1810. iSelectiou of Poems for
Young Persons, 1805, '15, 12mo. The Fall of Cambria, a
Poem, 1809, '11, 2 vols. 8vo. Other publications. Early
llccoUections of Coleridge, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. C. was
in early life a bookseller, but relinquished that business in
1798, shortly after publishing the Lyrical Ballads of Cole-
ridge. He pub. iu 1796 Coleridge's first vol. of Poems.
f?ee Coleridge's Letter to him in tient. Mag., Aug. 1853.
"lloeotian Cottle, rich Bristowa's boast,
Impoits old stories from the Cambrian Coast,
And s.-nds his goods to market — all alive!
Lines forty thousand. Cantos twenty-five."
Byron's Eng. Bards and S. Reviewers.
Well had it been for Byron had ho been as good a man
as " Bceotian Cottle." He may have been a bad poet, but
he was — that rarer character — a good friend. To both
Coleridge and Southey he extended the hand of kindness,
when kindness was the most needed:
'■If my poems should ever acquire a name and character, it
might be said the world owed them to you. Had it not been for
you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some
not written. Your obliged and ever .afTectJTHuite friend,
S. T. CoLERii>(;E:"i.7/,.T ^. fhfdr, AfrU 15, 1798.
'*Doyou suppose. Cottle, that I have f.-r^intt.-n thuse true and
mnst essential acts of friendship wliich you showed me when I
stond most in need of them? Your house was my house when I
bad no other. . . . Sure I am, there never was a more generous or
a kinder heart than yours; aud you will believe me when I add
that there does not live that man upon earth whnm I remember
with more gratitude aud affection. . . . Good ni','ht! my dear old
friend aud beuetactor." — Robert Southey :" Letter to Cbtlle., A mil 20.
ISOS. ^
Commend us to that noble-hearted man who in the day
of his prosperity is not ashamed to acknowledge the bene-
factions received in the dark hours
" When friends were few and fortune frowned !"
In the letter quoted above, (the reader must devour the
whole of it; see Southey *s Life and Correspondence,)
Southey, to his lasting honour, tells his friend,
" You are in the habit of preserving your letters, and if you
were not, I would entreat you to preserve this, that it might be
seen hereafter."
The reader will now understand that our transcriptiona
have been made from a sense of duty (accompanied with
much pleasure) to both writer and recipient.
In the same generous spirit he writes to .John May:
'■ You ought to become acquainted with my old friend Joseph
Cottle, the best-hearted of men. . . . Become acquainted with one
who has a larger portion of original goodness than falls to the lot
of most men." — S>2>t. 15, 1827.
" Cnttle pol'lished my Joan of Arc in 1796, and there are very
few who fiiti'itjiin a warmer regard for me than he has done from
that t\ui>r:"—L,(!rr to Charles Swain, Oct. 27. 18.30.
We trust we have no reader who will complain of the
length of this article, consecrated to two of the noblest
feelings of the human breast — to Friendship aud Grati-
tude!
" If such there breathe, go mark him well,
For him no Minstrel raptures swell."
Cotton, Bartholemew de. Monk of Norwich. An-
nales Ecelesiiie Norwicensis, 1042-1295, et Historia de
Episcopis Norw., ad an. 1299. Accedunt continuatio his-
torian ad an. 1446, et successio Episcoporum et priorum.
Vide Wharton, Anglia Sacra, 1691.
Cotton, Charles, 1630-1687, educated at Cambridge,
obtained considerable celebrity as a humorous poet and
translator. See a list of his publications in Watt's Bibl.
Brit. We notice a few: Devaix's Philos. of the Stoics,
1664. A Voyage to Ireland. Virgil Travestie, 1664-67,
and '92, 3 vols. 8vo. Some of Lucian's Dialogues m Eng-
lish Fustian, 1675, Svo.
" Xothing can be more vulgar, disgusting, or licentious, than
his paroilies on Yirgil and Lucian. That they should have been
s<^ often repiintod, marks the slow progress of the refinement of
public taste during the greatei- part of the eighteenth century."
433
cor
The Wonders of the Peake, 1681, Svo. Genuine Works,
1715 Svo. Trans, of Montaigne's Essays, 1759, 3 vols.
8vo.' Poems, ICSS), Svo. Poetical Works, 1765, 12mo;
»th eel., 1771, 12mo. j . j
Cotton is hoFt known by his addition to his adopted
father's (Izaak Walton) Complete Angler. This treatise-
How to angle for a Trout or Orayling in a clear stream-
was written in ten days. It is often found bound up in
the 3d and Ith edits, of the Complete Angler, and was re-
printed with every subsequent edit. See an account ot
their Fish House, &c. on the river Dove, in Biog. Brit.
"It is of stone, and thp room on the inside a cube of ahout
fifteen feet: it is paved with black and wliite marlilc. . . . In the
ferther corner, on the left, is a fire-place, with a chmine.v ; and on
the lieht, a large Ijeaufet with folding-doors, wherein are the por-
traits o? Mr. Cotton, with a boy-servant, and Walton. ■■> the die.s
of the time: underneath is a cupboard, on the door whereof the
ficures of a trout, and also of a gwyling, are well pourtrayed . .
Over the door the initial letters of his own name and Is.iac Wal-
ton's were placed together in a cypher."-Ao(e to the Compl. Angler,
21st edit, 17S4.
Cotton, Clement. Mirror of Martyrs, Lon., 16.il,
Svo Convert's Catechism, 1616, Svo. Concordance to the
Biliic, 1631, '33, fob; enhirged, Ac. by S.amucl Newman,
1013. Way of Life, 1011, 4to.
Cotton, Edward. Loadstone; Phil. Trans., 1067.
Cotton, G. E. L., D.D., Lord-Bishop of Calcutta
and Metropolitan of India. 1. Doctrine and Practice of
Christianity: 3d ed., Lon., 1S53, ISmo. 2. Short Prayers
for Public Schools; 5lh ed., 1864, ISmo. 3. Seven Serms.,
1855, fp. Svo. 4. Serins., 1S5S, cr. Svo. „„,,....,
Cotton, Henry, D.C.L.. Archdeacon of Casheb Listof
Edits, of the Bible and Parts thereof in English, 150D-182U,
Ac , Lon., 1821, 8vo;2ded.,enlarged,lS52,Svo. SeeLEWls,J.
■' Evidently the result of deep research, and drawn up with great
care.*' — IJorm's Introduction. .... ..
'• Vcrv complete. . . . The most valualile part is the Appendix,
in which Mr. Cotton gives spei-i.nens of all the early translations
of the Scriptures into English: besides accurate descriptions of the
several scarce fditlons. The author has avaded himself of the
previous labours of Lewis, Ducarel, (or rather Tutet,) and Gilford,
Crutwell, .and Newcome."— Orme's BiH. ISib.
■• This and Lewis's Hist, of Enp. Trans, give the fullest accounts
of the points on which they treat."— Bidersffi/is nrutian Student.
The Typographical Gazetteer. 0.\f., 1S25, Svo ; 2d ed.,
enlarged, 1831 . Mem. of a French trans, of the N. Testa-
ment," Lon., 1827, Svo.
'< Dr Kidder's pamphlet having become extremely rare, ur. l^ot-
ton has rendered a valuable service to the Protestant cause by re-
nrintin" it, with some corrective notes: and he has prefixed an
totortsting bibliographical memoir on the Bordeaux New TeBt«r
meut." — Hornets Introduction.
The Five Books of Maccaliees in English, with Notes and
riustrations, Oxf., 1832, Svo.
"Dr Cotton has for the fir^ time given an English translation '
of what are called the fnorth and fifth books: ami h,. sui .vsslully
adapted the stvb- and l:ii.-ua-e of liis v.-rsion t.. tli.is,- of h- pn- |
ceding books, as closely as was lonsisteiit ivitli ii cii-elnl adhercn.-o
to the original.'' — Ibid. ,t . ^ .v
A Short Explan. of Obsolete Words in our Version of the
Bible, Ac., Oxf.. 1S32, 12mo. Fasti Ecclesitc Hihernic-B: The
Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral
Bodies in Ireland, Dubl., 1845-50. 4 vols. Svo. Rhemes and
Doway : An Attempt to Shew what has been done by R.
Catholics for the Ditfusion of the Holy Scriptures in Eng-
lish, Oxf.. 1855, Svo. , „ „, „
"A most valuable contribution to Biblical bibliography. —1. U.
HORNE, D.I)., in a hUerto the author of this Dictionary, Aup. SI, 1858.
Cotton, J. D. L,achryma! Elegiaca!, Ac., 1765, 4to.
Cotton, John, 1585-1652, a native of Derby, Eng-
nd, edncated at Trinity and Emanuel College, Cambridge,
. _ , __ 1.:^ nciU ...:..: 1'.,.^.. ..C TJ...c.t,.,i ,„ T.ino^l,i_
laUu, t.m^.^ 1^1.1 I, ........•, J " — 0-' - ,:■ ' .
became in his 2Sth year minister of Boston in Linc(Jn- ]
shire. Having adopted the principles of the Puritans, he
emigrated to Boston, Mass., and spent the rest of his days
in America. He was eminent for profound learning and
devoted piety. He pub. many theological works, the most
celebrated of which were in defence of the interference of
the civil power in support of the truth. In this position
he found a powerful antirgouist in Roger Williams. Cot-
ton's Letter concerning the power of the Magistrate in
matters of Religion was answered by W. in 1614, in The
Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the cause of conscience.
This elicited Cotton's Bloody Tenet washed .and made
•white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1647. Williams rejoined
in The Bloody Tenet yet more bloody by Mr. Cotton's en-
deavour to wash it white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1652.
A Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation,
Ac, was pub. in Camb., 1663, sm. 4to, under Cotton's name,
but it was really the proiliietion of John Davenport of
New Haven Colony. 'This book is so rare, that a copy in
sheets sold in Now York in 1847 for $14 50. Cotton's
youngest daughter married Increase Mather. See Mather's
r- - COT
Ma.'nalia ; Norton and Mather's Life of Cotton ; Neal's
N. E.; Hutchinson; Winthrop; Mass. Hist. ColL; AUen 3
Amcr. Biog. Diet.
Cotton, John, 1640-1609, minister at Plymouth,
Mass., son of the preceding, revised and corrected Eliot 3
Indian Bible, printed at Cambridge in 1685.
Cotton, John, d. 1757, in the 64th year of his age,
minister of Newton, M.ass., great-grandson of the first-
named John Cotton. Serms., 1728, '29, '34 '39, '53
Cotton, John, d. 17S9, aged 77, first minister of
Halifax Mass., great-grandson of the first-named John
Cotton. ' Two Serms., 1757. Baptism. Hist, of Plymouth
Cotton, Josiah, 16S0-1756, father of the preceding,
compiled and left in MS. a copious English and Indian
Vocabulary. He had four sons who were ministers. ^
Cotton, Nathaniel, 1707-1788, an English physi-
cian and poet, was noted for his skill in the treatment of
insanity, and had a private establishment for lunatics.
Obs. on Sc:irlet Fever, Lon., 1749. Svo. Visions in Verse,
1761 '64 Works in Prose and Verse, 1791, 2 vols. 12mo.
Marriage, a Vision; being an addit. to J. Macgowen on
Marriage, 1811, Svo. » „f .i.^
'■ He i1 truly a Dhilosopher, according to my judgment ot the
char.acter, every tittle of his knowledge in natural subjects being
connected in his mind with the firm belief in an omnipotent agent.
— Cowper; who had been Dr. C.'s patient.
Cotton, It. v., M.D. On Consumption: its Nature,
Symptoms, and Treatment. To which Essay was awarded
the Fothcrgillian Gold Medal of the Medical Society of
London. Lon., 1852, Svo.
■• Notwithstanding the hackneyed nature of the subject, and
the multitude of works which have appeared upon phthisis, the
present work is of verv considerable interest, from the clear and
simple manner in which it is arranged, and from the use made by
the author of the ample materials placed at his disposal at the
Brouiptou Hospital."— J/erfic.i! T'mra. . , r. ■ a
Phthisis and the Stethoscope : a concise Practical Guide
to the Physical Diagnosis of Consumption, 1851, fp. Svo.
Cotton, Richard Lynch, D.D. Provost of Wor-
cester College, Oxford, formerly Vicar of Denchworth.
The Way of SaIv.ation, a series of Serms., Oxf., 1837, Svo.
Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce, 1570-1631, an emi-
nent antiqu,ary, a native of Denton, Huntingdonshire, Init
a descendant of Robert Bruce, was educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge. He was created a knight upon the
accession of James I., and was highly esteemed by the
king and principal statesmen, who often solicited his ad-
vice. In 1629 he was .arrested and confined in the Tower,
in eonsenuence of a manuscript, which proposed a plan by
which the king could enslave his subjects, being traced to
his library. It was the production of Sir Roliert Dudley,
and Sir Robert Cotton seems to have been unconscious even
of its possession. Upon his innocence being made ap-
parent, he was released, and his liberty restored to him.
This was a severe blow to the excellent man, and he never
regained his strength of body or cheerfulness of mind.
" When 1 went several times to visit and comfort him in the year
1630. he would tell me ' they had broken his heart that had locked
up his library from him.' He was so outworn, within a few months,
with anguish and grief as his face, which had been f. irmerly ruddy
and well coloured, (such as the picture 1 have of hm shows,) was
wholly changed into a grim blackish paleness, near to the resem-
blance and hue of a dead visage."— Sir Simonds D Ewes.
He died of a fever at Westminster in the next year.
His noble library, the fruit of many years' collections, re-
ceived augmentations from his son and grandson, and was
deposited in the British Museum in 1753. It had suffered
severely from a fire in 1731. Its inestimable value is too
well known to require any enlargement upon the subject.
Sir Robert wrote many historical, antiquarian, and poli-
tical treatises. For a particular account of them, see re-
ferences below. Wo notice a few: Life and Raigno of
Henry III. of England, 1627, 4to. A Treatise against
Recusants, in Defence of the Oath of Allegiance, 1641, 4to.
Warrs with Foreign Princes dangerous to our Common-
wealth, 1657, Svo. Abridgt. of the Records (Rolls of Par-
liament) in the Tower, with addits. by Win. Prynne, 16o7,
2 vols fol. Narrative of Count Gondomar's Trajisactions
during his Embassy to England, 1659, 4to. The King's
Revenue. Discourse of Foreign War, 1690, Svo. Many
of his Pieces will be found in Hearne's Discourses, and
also in Cottoni Posthuma: Divers choice Pieces of that
renowned Antiquary, ,'iir Robert Cotton, by J. (.araes)
H. (owell.) Lon., 1051, '72, '79, Svo. Also refer to Biog.
Brit. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. : Lowndes's Bibl. Manual ; Pref.
to Planta's Cottonian Cat., 1S02, fob; Life prefixed to Dr.
.'Smith's Cat,, 1696; Nichols's Leicestershire; Hist, ot
Hinckley; Life of Bowycr: Bridgmnn's Legal Uibl.j t,cnt.
Mag., 1767; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Cunningbam 3 Biog.
COT
Hist. ; Dihdin's Bibliomania. For a recent description of
the Cottoninn Library, see the excellont Ilanil Book to the
library of the Brit. Museum, by Richard Sims, Lon., 185-1,
ISmo. It may be said without
'• Ex.<igp:eriition, that the writers upon the history and antiquities
of Great Urit-tin and Ireland have been more iiidelited to the in-
exhaustible treasures of the Cottonian Library than to all other
sources together."
There can be no question that Sir Robert Cotton is en-
titled to a place in tlio first rank of England's learned an-
tiquaries ; a noble array, truly !
"The name of .Sir Kobt-rt Cotton must alwavs be mentioned
with honour; his memory cannot fail of exciting the warmest
sentiments of gratitude while the smallest regard ftir learning sub-
sists among us." — De. SAMUti. Johnson.
See Gale's eloquent tribute — " quisquis bona fide Histo-
riam nostram," Ac. — in Rer. Anglia Script, Vet. i. pra;f. 3.
Cotton, Roger. Direction to the Waters of Lyfe,
Lon., 1590, Ito. Treatise, 4to. Armour nf Proofe brought
from the Tower of David to fight against the Spannyardcs
and all Enimios of the Truetb, 1 590, 4to. Spirituall Songs,
1596, 4to.
Cotton, \V. C. My Bee Book, Lon., 1842, p. Svo.
"One of the most elegant volumes that ever graced a library-
table. . . The perfection of a scrap-book for the gentleman or lady
bee-keeper." — ton. Quar. Review.
Two Letters to Cottagers on Bees : 1. On Bee Manage-
ment. 2. On the Natural Theology of Bees, 1843, 12mo.
Short and Simple Letters to Cottagers, 1844, 12mo.
Cottrcll, C. II. Don Carlos, a Dramatic Poem, Lon.,
Svo; 2ded.,1844. RccoUectionsof Siberia in 1S40, '41, 1843,
Svo. Relig. Move, of Germany, 1849, Svo. Trans, of C. J.
Bunsen's Egypt's Place in Universal History, 1848, '53,
2 vols. Svo.
" The fullest and most ex.act woi-k that hjis hitherto appeared on
the interpretation of hieroglyphical inscription." — Church of Evg.
Quar. Hcvitxu.
"The learned author is one of the most erudite and accom-
plished exposit^irs of ancient Egyptian learning." — Lou. Ci-i/ic.
The Chevalier is also favourably known as a learned
writer by his Constitution of the Church of the Future ;
trans., 1847, p. Svo. Memoirs of the Duchies of Sehleswig
and Holstein, 184S, p. Svo. Hippolytus and his Ago; or
The Chris. Church of the Third Cen tury, 1852, 4 vols. p. Svo.
Couch, John. Anabaptism.arum ; or Answer to a
Kentish Anabaptist, made in the year 1649, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Couch, Jonathan. Illustrations of Instinct, Lon.,
1847, p. Svo.
" This volume is full of anecdote which must delight readers of
all ages, and is written in a most popular and unpretending style."
— BriUtntu'a.
Couch, Robert. Praxis Catholica, by C. Pack, 1680.
Couchman, Giles. An Exhortation or Warninge,
to beware of greater Plagues and Troubles th.au are yet
come rpon this Realme, for the Sinnes .and Wickedness
that has been, and is yet dayly committed therein. Lon
1551, Svo.
Coucs, Samuel Elliot. Outlines of a System of
Mechanical Philosophy ; being a Research into the Laws
of Force, Boston, 1S51, 12mo.
" We heartily commend this work to philosophical intiuirers, as
one full of strength, beauty, and oiiginality, and eminently en-
titled to their attention." — George Ripley.
Couleius, Abrahamus. See Cowley.
Couling, Nich. The Saints Perfect in this Life or
never, Lon., 1647, 12mo.
Coulson, William, Surgeon to the Magdalen Hos-
pital, London. Diseases of tho Bladder and Prostate
Gland, 4th ed., 1852, Svo.
" We strongly recommend it to the attention and perusal of our
readers." — Lon. Lancet.
Deformities of the Chest and Spine, 2d ed., 1839, p. Svo.
Diseases of tho Hip Joint, 2d ed., 1S41. New ed. of Lau-
rence's trans, of Blumenbach's Manual of Comparative
Anatomy.
"The most useful elementary work on Comparative Anatomy
which we yet possess is the Short System of Professor Blumen-
bach."— ,S'«p. to Encijc. Brit., art. Animal Anatomy.
Trans, of Edwards's Manual of Surgical Anatomy.
" The work contains a great deal of practical information, which
cannot tail to be interesting to the student and practitioner The
translation is well executed, and Mr. Coulson has increased its
value by the addition of notes containing information derived
from the records of both English and German surgery."— ioH
Mi'd. and Phi/s. Jour.
Coult, Nich. Patterne of True Repentance, 1595.
Coultas, Harland. Principles of Botanv, as exempli-
fied in tlio Cryptoganiia. with Illus., Phila., 1853, 12mo.
Coulter, John, M.D. Adventures in tho Pacific,
Dubl., 1S45, p. Svo. Adventures on the Western Coast
of South America, and in the Interior of California, Lon.,
1847, 2 vols. p. Svo.
COU
"Kvery page teems with adventure of the mo.st extraordinary
and most racy kind." — Lon. Naval and Milt. O'az.
" In energy and power of observation it resembles Danipier and
the otlirr old voy.agers." — Jtrnild's Paper.
Coulthard, Clara. Poems, 16mo. Rhymes for an
Hour, 1S42, ISmo. Prayers and Hymns, 1845, ISmo.
Coulthart, J. R. Decimal Interest Table. Lon., Svo.
Coulthurst, II. W., D.D. Sermon, 1796.
Coultou, David Trevena. Inquiry into the Au-
thorsbij) of tho Letters of Junius. Fortune : a Story of
London Life, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1S53.
"All is reality about it : the time, the characters, and the inci-
dents. In its reality consist its charm and its merit. It is, in-
deed, an extraordinary work, and has introduced to the world of
fiction a new writer of singularability, with a genius more like that
of Bulwer than any to whom we can compare it." — Lon. Critic.
Coultou, James Trevena. Doctrine of the Bible,
1805. Svo.
Counsel!, George. Midwifery, Lon., 1752, 12mo.
Couper, Catherine M. A. Visits to Beechwood
Farm, Lon., 1S47, 16mo. Lucy's Half Crown, ISmo.
Trans, of Wm. Von Humboldt's Letters to a Female Friend.
" Remarkable letters." — Westminster Review.
"We have seldom, read such a rendering of German thought into
the English tongue." — Lnn. Critic.
Couper, Robert, M.D. Poetry, chiefly in the Scottish
Language, 1802, 2 vols. ]2mo. Med. Treatise, 1803, Svo.
The Tourifieations of Malachi Meldrum, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hist, of Brit. Isles, 1807, Svo.
Courayer, Peter Francis, 1681-1776, a French
divine of the Roman Catholic Church, after a careful ex-
amination became satisfied of the validity of the orders of
the Church of England, and drew up a treatise entitled,
Dissertation sur la validite des Ordinations dos Anglois,
et sur la Succession des Eveques de I'Eglise Anglicane :
avec les preuves justificatives des faits avancez dans cet
ouvrage; printed at Nancy (though Brussels appears on
the title) in 1723, 2 vols. Svo. It was tran.s. into English
by tlie Rer. Daniel W^illiams. and pub. in Lon., 1725, Svo;
2d ed., 1727; new ed., Oxf., 1S44, Svo. In 1726 Couray
pub. a Defence de la Dissertation, Ac, Brux., 4 vols. 12ino.
Tho Defence was also trans, by AVilliams, Lon., 1728,
2 vols. Svo. Tho new Oxf ed. Botiod above docs not
contain the " Defence." In 1727 b« received the degree
of D.D. from the University of Oxford. Bting subjected
to much censure at home on account of this wnrk, and
anticipating personal danger, he look refuge in England,
where he resided from 1728 until hie death in 1776. He
attended the services of the Church of England, but never
renounced the communion of the Church of Rome. He
pub. a Letter to Card, de Noailles, Lon., 172S, Svo, trans,
of Father Paul's Hist, of the Council of Trent, 1736, 2 vols,
fob, and a trans, of Sleidau's Hist, of the Reformation,
1767, 3 vols. 4to. His declaration of his last sentiinents
on the subject of religion was pub. in French, by W. Bell,
D.D., in 1787, Svo, (also pub. in English,) and a Tre.atise
on the Trinity, in French, appeared in 1810.
Courcy, Richard De. See De CorccT.
Coureen. Catastrophe. &c. rel. to E. I. Company, 1644.
Court. Trans, of Josephus, Lon., 1733, fol.
Courtail, John. Serm., Lon., 1760, 4to.
Courtenay, Charles. Eiesion; a Novel. 1809, 2 vols.
Courtenay, Edward II. Trans, of Bouch.arlat's
Mechanics, with addits. and emendations, New York, Svo.
Courtenay, Henry Reignald, Bishop of Bristol,
1794; translated to Exeter, 1797. Fast Serm., 1796, 4to.
Charge, 1796, 4to.
Courtenay, John, M.P., 1741?-1816, a native of
Ireland. Commission of the Treasury, 1806. Poetical
Review «i the Literary ami M.iral Character of Dr. Saml.
Johnson, 1786, 4to. Philos. Kcflec. on the French Revo-
lution, in a Letter to Dr. Priestley, 1790, Svo.
"Mr. Courtenay is a true believer in the Iloi-atian precept : no
one more frequently substitutes tlie ridiculnm for the acre, nor
comes to the discussion of grave matters with a more laughing
countenance." — Lon. Monthly Review, 1790.
Manners. Arts, and Politics of France and Italy, in Po-
etical Epistles, 1792, '93, 1794, Svo. Poet, and' Pliilos.
Essay on the French Revolution, addressed to Mr. Burke,
1793, Sve.
Courtenay, Rt. Hon. Thomas Peregrine, M.P.
Obs. on the American Treaty, being a Contin. of the Let-
ters of Deeius, 1808, Svo. S'tate of the Nation, 1811. Svo.
Treatise on the Poor Laws, 1818, Svo. Letter to Lord
Grenville on tho Sinking Fuml. 182S. Sir William Temple,
his Life and Times, with his Unpub. Essays and Corresp.,
1836, 2 vols. Svo.
" It is in every sense an important addition to the Hlirary. and
will no doubt find a place in every sterling collection." — Lon. Lit,
Gazette.
cou
'■ Fairly entitled t« the praise of diligence, care, good sense, and
impartiality."-T. B. JUnAULAT: see Edin. Kev Oct. 1838.
eommentaries on the Hist. Plays of Sbakspeare, 184U,
2 vols. p. 8to.
" An almost inseparable companion to Shakspeare s Flays. . . ■
The production of a scholar and a gentleman of refined taste ana
acute judi^ment." — Lon Literary Gazette,
Courthope, Sir William. Synopsis of the Eitinct
Baronetage of England. Lon., 18.35, p. Svo.
'■ A most useful book of reference to the genealogist, the anti-
quarian, and the lawyer."
Courtier, Peter L. Poems, Ac, Lon., 1795-181.3.
Courtney, Mrs. Isuliinda, a Novel, 1796, 3 vols. 12mo.
Courtney, John. 1. Serm. 2. Parish Registers,
1812, Svo.
Consin. See Cosm. _
Coustos, John. Sufferings in Inquisition, 174b.
Couteau, J. B. Confessions of, Lon., 1794, 2 vols.
12mo: A satire of the depravity of French manners,
written by Robt. Jophson.
Couton, John. The English Gil Bias ; or, the Atl-
ventures of tiabriel Tangent, Lon., 1807, 3 vols.
Coutts, Robert, born 1803, of Brechin, Scotland.
Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo ; 3d ed., Edin., 1847, 12mo.
Cove, Augustus. Tocsin Sounded, 1813, Svo.
Cove, Morgan, Preb. of Hereford. Revenues of
the Ch. of England, Lon., 1797, Svo; 1816. Inquiry resp.
Tithes. 1800. Svo. , „, . ,
Covel, John, D.D., 1638-1722, Fellow of Christ
Church, Cambridge, and Master, 1688, resided 7 years at
Constantinople, as Chaplain to the Embassy. Account of
the present Greek Church, Camb., 1722, fol.
Covell, 1.. T., an American author. Prim. Grammar,
1814. Digest of Eng. Grammar, 1852 ; adopted by many
schools. „ , , ..^ , T,
Covell, William. Defence of Hooker's Eccles. Po-
lity, Lon., 10113, 4to. Examination of some things in
Ch. of Eng., 1604, 4to. Answer to an Apology by John
Surges, 1606, 4to.
Covell,William. 1. Letter. 2. Proclamation, Lon.,tol.
Coven, Stei>heu. The Militant Christian, 1781, 12mo.
Coventry, Andrew, M.D., d. 1830, was Professor of
Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh. Discourse
explanatory of the nature and plan of a course of lectures
on Agriculture and Rural Economy, Edin., 1808, Svo.
Observations on Live Stock, in a letter to Henry Clive,
Esq., Svo. Notes on the culture and cropping of Arable
Land, 1812, Svo.
'■ The professional life of the author was distinguished by much
sound inf.irmatiou and a very discreet judgment."— /)o»Ml<isMiS
AqricuU. Bifyq.
"Coventry, Lord. Journal of his Embassy, bar.,
1667, 4to. „ , ,
Coventry, Francis, d. 1759, educated at Magdalen
Collei'e. Cambridge, Curate of Edgeware. Penhurst, a
Poem°1750; rcpub. in Dodfley's CoUec. Absurdities of
Modern Gardening; a paper pub. in The World. Pompey
the Little, a Satirical Romance, 1751.
" Pompey is the hasty production of 5Ir. Coventry, (cousin to
him you know,) a young clergyman. I found it out by three ch.y
racte'rs, which made part of a comedy that he shewed me, of his
own writing." — Gray^ Vie Fwi. to Horace Wolpole.
Coventry, Henry, d. 1752, referred to by Mr. Gray
as a cousin of the preceding, a Fellow of Magdalen Col-
lege, pub. Letters of Philemon to Hydaspes, relating a
Conversation with Hortcnsius upon the Sulijcct of False
Religion, in 5 parts, Lon., 1736, '37, '38, '41, '44. Svo. He
■was also one of the writers of the Athenian Letters.
Coventry, Thomas, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
of England lemp. Charles II., 1578-1640. Answer to the
Petition against Recusants. Fees of C. Pleas, Chancery,
Ac. Prothonotary'sandChanceryFees,1644,12mo. Wood
enumerates 9 speeches of his lordship. 1625, '26, '27, '28;
and other papers of his occur among the Harleian MSS. ;
see Nos. 2207 and 3305.
Coventry, Thomas. A New and Readable Edition
of Coke upon Littleton, Lon., 1830, Svo.
'' Certain parts regarded as antiquated are omitted, which we
regard, however, as a defect more than a recommendation.'' — Hoff-
man's Legal Study.
Concise Forms in Conveyancing, 4th ed., Lon., IS.ii,
12mo.
'■ The attempt to shorten Conveyances by legislative enactment
is hopeless; it must bo left to the good sense and honour of the
Conveyancer." — Su{/dtn's Ansiver to Huinpltreys.
T. C. and Samuel Hughes, Analytical Digested Index
to the Common Law Reports, Hen. III. to George III.,
Lon., 1828, 2 vols. Svo: Phila., 1832.
'■ This Digest is very well arranged, and will answer as a pretty
good substitute for tlio Old Reports." — Marvin's Legal Bibi.
COW
Other leal compilations. In a notice of his Convey-
ancer's Evi°lence, Lon., 1832, Svo, in the Law Magazine,
some faults are noticed, and the following compliment
passed upon Mr. Coventry's publications generaUy ;
■■In London his books have long since found their level, and no
books could tind a lower one."
Coventry, Sir William, M.P., 1626-1686, youngest
son of Lord Keeper Coventry, educated at Queen's College,
Oxford, filled several public posts with great credit. Eng-
land's Appeal from the Cabal at Whitehall to Parliament,
Lon 1673, 4to. Letter to Bishop Burnet resp. Cardinal
Pole' Abbey Lands, i-c, 1685, 4to. Character of a Trim-
mer,'1st ed., anon.; 2d, 1689, 12mo; 1697. Wood and
some later authorities ascribe the Character of a Trimmer
to Sir William, but the credit has been transferred to the
Marquis of Halifax and others.
'■This niece is in the Miscellanies of the Marquis of Hali&x,
whose mother was sister to Sir William Coveutrie "-Lovedav. See
Echard, and Bliss's Wood's Athcn. Oxon., iv. 193.
■ It will he seen that I believe Ilalifa.'c to have been the author,
or at least one of the authors, of the Character of a Trimmer
which, for a time, went under the name of his kinsman, Su- W illiam
Coventry.'— il/<icaufa.v's Hist, of Knghnd. Head Mr. M.s admi-
rable sketch of the character of Halifax.
The Character of a Trimmer has been reprinted by Dun-
can, a London publisher. _. , , .
Coverdale, Miles, 1487-1568, a native of Yorkshire,
was educated at the house of the Augustine friars at Cam-
bridge. He became an Augustine monk, and was ordained
at Norwich in 1514. He afterwards embraced the princi-
ples of the Reformation, and was one of its most zealous
promoters. In 1532 he was abroad, and assisted Tyndale
in his trans, of the Bible. In 1535, fol., appeared his own
trans, of the Scriptures, being the first impression of the
whole Bible in English. An account of this version, and
the sources from which it is drawn, will be found m Mr.
Whittaker's Inquiry into the Interpretations of the Scrip-
tures, and a bibliographical account of the original edit,
is prefixed to a reprint in 1838, 4to. Mr. Lowndes could
only discover one perfect copy. One nearly perfect is in
the British Museum. A copy with the title and two fol-
lowing leaves in facsimile was sold at auction for £89 5«.
In 1538 a quarto New Testament in the Vulgate Latin, and
Coverdale's English was pub. So an.xious was he to dis-
seminate a knowledge of the word of God, that in the same
year he again visited the Continent, to superintend a new
edit, of the Bible, as it could be printed cheaper and better
in Paris. 2500 copies were struck off, when the Inquisi-
tion interfered, and committed them to the flames. The
presses, types, and printers were transferred to England,
and in 1539 Cranmer's, or the Great Bible, was issued from
the ofiice of Grafton and Whitchurch. For many years
Coverdale now enjoyed the opportunity of labouring for
the spiritual enlightenment of his countrymen. As a
preacher he was in high esteem with the people ; his value
was recognised by those in authority, also; and in IjjI
he was raised to the see of Exeter. Upon the accession
of Marv, in 1553, he was deprived of his bishopric, cast
into prison, and confined for two years. When released,
he visited the Continent, where he remained untd Eliza-
beth became Queen of England. Coverdale now returned
to England, and brought home some notions of the Geneva
school with regard to vestments, which were not calculated
to recommend him to preferment. Bishop Grindal, who
ineffectually endeavoured to aid him at court, collated him
to the rectory of St. Magnus, near old London Bridge,
which he retained until 1556, shortly before his death.
His publications were chiefly translations from the
writin.'S of the foreign Reformers. A list, taken princi-
pally from Ames and Herbert, will be found in Chalmers s
Biog. Diet., and in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Of his Letters of
the''Martyrs, 1564, a new edit, was pub. by Rev. E. Bick-
ersteth in 1837, Lon., Svo. Writings and translations,
edit, for the Parker Society, by the Rev. George Pearson,
Camb 1844, Svo. Remains, 1846, Svo. Trans, of a Spi-
ritual Pearl, Lon., 1838, ISmo, and in Richmond's Fathers,
viii 793 Also see his writings in Brit. Reformers, xii.
See Bale and Tanner ; Strype's Life of Cranmer ; Parker
Memorials; Annals; Biog. Brit. , „ ,
Coverley, Sir Roger de. A Cure for the _Spleen ;
or. Amusement for a Winter's Evening, Anver., li i5, Svo.
Covert, Nicholas. Serivincr's Guide, 1716, 2 vols. Svo.
Covcrte, Captain Robert. A trve and almost in-
credible Report of an Englishman that travelled by Land
through many vnknowne Kingdomcs and great Cities, Lon..
1612, 4to. Reprinted in Osborne's ^ oyages, ii. 236 ; 1745.
Cowan, Andrew, M.D. General Education, 180,1,
2 vols.
cow
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Cowan, Charles. Article " Paper*' in Encyc. Brit,
7th edit
'•A luminous and accurate account of the newest processes and
the most improved niarhinery used in the manufacture of this ar-
ticle.''— Birmutglia m Herald.
Cowan, Charles, M.D. Trans, of Louis on Con-
sumption. Lon., 8vo.
'■An excellent t ranslat ion ofa most excellent work." — Lon.Lancet.
Phrenolo^v consistent with Science and Religion, 1841,
12mo. Beds-ide Manual, 2d ed., 1842, ISmo,
Cowan, James, 1738-1795. Serras., Edin., 1795, 8vo.
Coward, John. The Gospel Preached, Ac, Lon.,
1803, Svo.
Coward, William, of Walthamstow, founded a Lec-
ture, at which Hubbard, Guyse, Godwin, and others
preached. 12 Serms., Lon., 1729, Svo; Christ's Luveli-
ness and Glory. 54 Serms., 1757, 2 vols. Svo.
" Hiirbly and deservedly esteemed."' — Dr. E. Williams.
Coward, William, M.D., 1656-1725, educated at
Hart Hall and Wadham College, Oxford, trans. Dryden's
Absalom and Achitophel in Latin, and pub. some medical
and poetical works. His Licentia Poetica discussed, ap-
peared in 1709, Svo. He is best known, however, by his
Second Thoughts concerning the Human Soul, by Estibius
Psychalettres, 1702; 2d ed., 1704, Svo. This work was
answered by William Nichols, in his Conference with a
Theist, 169S-17U3 ; by John Broughton. in his Psychologia,
1703; and by John Turner, in his Vindication of the
separate Existence of the Soul, 1703. Coward answered
Turner in his Further Thoughts upon Second Thoughts,
and Broughton in an Epistolary Reply annexed to his
Grand Essay. The work which excited this controversy
was burnt by the common hangman in 1704, by order of
Parliament
" It is an elaborate defence of the doctrine of materialism, and
is mentioned in this place because of the quantity of critica^l dis-
quisition on passages of Scripture which it contains."— (Vmze's
Bihl Bib.
Dr. Coward strongly affirmed that he never intended to
promulgate any sentiments contrary to religion and mo-
rality.
Cowdry, Richard. Pictures, &c. at Wilton House.
1751.
Cowe, James. Serm., &c., 1797-1S06.
Cowell, J. W. Letters on Currency, Lon., 1843, Svo.
Cowell, John, 1554-1611. educated at King's Col-
lege, Cambridge. Institutiones juris AngUcani, &c., Can-
tab., 1605, Svo. Written after the method of Justinian's
Institutes. Law Dictionary, 1607, fol. This was thought
to attack the principles of the Common Law, and was
publicly burned: many edits, and continued.
" It is an excellent glossary to Coke, Littleton, and the old law-
books, and will be found of considerable utility to a modern stu-
dent of English law and antiquities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.;
1 Kent's C«m., 508.
Cowell, John. The Snare Broken, 1677, Svo.
Cowell, John, a gardener. Atrcount of the Olive in
Blossom ; containing an account of the Torch Thistle,
part ii. p. 33 ; of the Glastonbury Thorn, part ii. p. 44.
Lon.. 1729. Svo. The Curious and Profitable Gardener,
1730, '32, Svo.
CoAVen, E, Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace
of the State of New York. 2 vols. Svo, 1844. New York
Reports, 1823-28. 9 vols. ; 8%^o, 1824-30. Digested Index
of Reports, 1831, Svo. Ed. Phillipps on Evidence, 5 vols.,
1850.
"I have long considered Mr. Phillipps's work on Evidence as
the most thoroufch, accurate, and able that T have ever seen ; and
I have used it mnie constantly than anv other." — Joseph Story.
Cowen, Sidney J. 2ded. of E. Cowen's Justice, 1841.
Cowif, George. Dissenter's Guide, 1799.
Cowlard. Kepublication of Devises. Lon., 1S33, Svo.
Cowley, Captain. Voyage round the Globe. See
Hacke's Voyages, vol. i. 1699. and Harris's Vovages, 1702.
Voyage to Magellanica and Polynesia, 1683. "See Callan-
der's Voyages, ii. 582, 1766.
Cowley, Abraham, M.D., 1618-1667, a poet of great
eminence, was a native of London, where his father was a
grocer. His taste for poetry was awakened by a perusal
of the poems of Spenser, which he bad devoured with
great zest before he was 12 years of age. When only three
years older, being then at Westminster School, he pub. a
volume of poems, containing, with other pieces, the tra^-i-
cal History of Pyramus and Thisbe, written at the age of
ten, and Constantia and Philetus, composed two years
later. This volume was entitled Poetical Blossoms.
" In which there were many things that might well become the
vigour and force of a manly wit." — Dr. Sprat.
In 1636 he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge,
where he continued his poetical pursuits. In 163S he pub.
his Love*s Riddle, a pastoral comedy, and a Latin comedy
called Naufragium Joculare. or the Merry Shipwreck.
" Written without due attention to the ancient models; for it is
not loose verse, but mere prose."
In 1643 he was, with others, ejected from Cambridge by
parliamentary influence, and retired to St. John's College,
Oxford. In the same year be pub. a satire entitled. The
Puritan and the Papist. Whilst referring to bis residence
at Oxford, it may be proper to state by anticipation, that
in 1657 the university granted him the degree of M.D.,
but he never practised as a physician. His loyalty and
wit recommended him to the favourable notice of the court,
and when Oxford was surrendered to the Parliament,
Cowley attended the queen to Paris, where he was secre-
tary to the Earl of St. Alban's. and agent of correspond-
ence, by means of cypher, between Charles I. and his con-
sort He remained abroad between 10 and 12 years, and
in various ways was zealously devoted to the royal inte-
rests, which fidelity excited no unreasonable expectations
of reward at the Restoration. The profligate Charles,
however, like most profligates, was too fond of his own
ease to care for the comfort of others, and valued the last
pleasure above the first friend. A real or pretended offence
at his comedy — The Cutter of Coleman Street — a new
edition of his old play of The Guardian — afl'iirded an ex-
cuse to the court party for neglecting his claims upon the
royal favour. The disappointed poet, after an unsuccess-
ful *' Complaint" (in an ode so called) of this ingratitude
— in which he declared that his desire was " to retire to
some of the American plantations, and forsake the world
forever" — c<mcluded to retire to a plantation nearer
home, and took up his residence first at Barn Elms, and
subsequently at Chertsey. He found a country life more
delightful in anticipation than in reality: his country neigh-
bours were as debauched in their morals as the roysters
of London, his tenants refused to pay him his rents, and
his grass was devoured at night by strange cattle quartered
upon the London gentleman by the innocent rustics whose
guileless simplicity and honest virtues have so often in-
spired the poetic muse. After a residence at Chertsey of
about two years, he caught a severe cold, attended with a
fever, which proved fatal July 28, 1667, in his 49th year.
Sprat's account of the circumstances connected with his
last days differs from that in Spence's Anecdotes, but this
is a point in which minute accuracy is not always to be
expected. Sprat certainly had the best means of knowing
the truth. When the ungrateful king heard of his death,
he declared that ''he had not left a better man behind
him ;" but
■' Can Flattery soothe the dull, cold ear of Death?"
We return to his works. In 1647 he pub. his Mistress,
remarking in his preface, that
" Poets are scarcely thouirht freemen of their company, without
paying some duties, or obli^'in^ themselves to be true, to Love."
Upon his return to England, in 1656. he pub. a new edit,
of all his poems, consisting of four parts: viz. : 1. Mis-
cellanies. 2. The Mistress: or Love Verses. 3. Pindaric
Odes. 4. Davideis ; a Heroical Poem of the Troubles of
David. In 1660 appeared An Ode upon the Blessed Re-
storation of King Charles II. This title reminds us forci-
bly of Barrow's admirable Epigram :
"Te magis optavit reditu rnm, Camle. nemo,
Et nemo sensit te rediisse minus!"
"Thy restoration. royal Charles, X see.
By none more wished, by none less fflt, than me!'*
In 1661 he pub. his Proposition for the Advancement
of Experimental Philosophy. Whilst in England he wrote
his two Books of Plants, pub. first in 1662. To these he
afterwards added four more books, and all the six. together
with his other Latin puems, were printed in 1678, Svo,
after his death, under the title of Poemata Latina. viz. :
Plantarum,lib. vi. cum Notis; Herborum, Florum, et Syl-
varum. lib. ii. ; Miscellaneorum, unus; quibus premittitur
Autoris vita, per T. Sprat conscripta.
"Botany, in the mind of Cowley, turned into poetry." — Dr.
Johnson.
"The two first books treat of Herbs, in a style resemblinK the
elepes of Ovid and Tibullus: the two next, of Flowers, in all the
variety of Catullus and Horace's numbers, and the two last, of
Trees, in the way of Virgil's Geor^ncs.'' — Dr. Sprat.
A later critic has questioned the extent of Dr. Cowley's
acquaintance with the modern botanical authors, who would
have proved the most useful to his researches in point of
accurate knowledge.
Cowley's History of Plants, with Rapin's Disposition of
Gardens, a Poem, in 4 Books, was pub. in English in 1795,
12mo : the former trans, by N. Tate and others, the latter
by James Gardiner. The' Iron Age, pub. 1656 and 1675,
Svo, was disclaimed by Cowley. The Poem on the late
437
cow
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Civil War appeared iu 1G79, 4to. A Di-scuursc, by "Way j
of Vision, concerning the Government of Oliver Crom-
well, pub. 1661. 4to, is commended by Bishop Hurd as one
ot the best of its author's prose works. It will be found
in vol. V. of the Harlcian Miscellany. Cowley's "Works,
1669; with Life bv Thomas Sprat. B.D., 1680, 12moj
many edits. : 1710-11, 3 vols. Svo : 12th ed., 1721, 2 vols. '
12mo. Select Works, with a Preface and Notes by the ,
Editor, Bishop Hurd, 1772-77, 3 vols. p. Svo. Prose AVorks, I
including his Essays in Prose and Verso, 1826, cr. Svo. |
The edit of the Poetical Blossomes, 16^8, 4to, is of great i
value if it have the portrait of the author; Bibl. Anglo-
Poet. 140, with two portraits of Cowley, £16. Cowley's
prose writings, occupying about 60 fulio pages, consist
])rincipally of his Essays, which are of a high order of ;
merit. They have none of the affectation and love of con-
ceit which often disfigure his poetry.
'• The Essays must not b«^ for^'otten. M'hat is said by Sprat of
his conrersatiun, that uo man could draw from it any &uspioion of
his excellence iu poetry, may be applied to these compositions. No
author ever kept his verse and bis prose at a greiiter dihtanoo from
each other. His thoughts are natural, and his style has a smooth
and placid equability, which has never yet obtained its due com-
mendation. Nothing is lar-sou^ht, or hard-laboured; but all is
easy without feebleness, and Ihmiliar without grossness." — Db.
Johnson.
'• To Cowley we may justly ascribe the formation of a basis on
which has since been constructed the present correct and admira-
ble fabric of our lanpuafje. His words are pure and well chosen,
the collocation simple and perspicuous, and the members of his
sentences distinct and harmonious." — Dr. Drake.
Read the Essays '* Of Myself," " Poetry and Poets,"
a-nd "Of Procrastination." The "Vision of Oliver Crom-
well" may also be mentioned as a noble specimen of a
dignified yet graceful style :
*' Cowley's character of Oliver Cromwell, which is intended as a
satire, (though it certainly produces a very different impression on
the mind. I may vie for truth of outline and force of colouring with
the masterpieces of the Greek and Latin historians." — IIazlitt.
Of his poetical pieces, the general favourites will be found
among the Anacreontics and the Miscellanies. The lines
on the death of Harvey, and the Elegy on Crashaw, the
Ode on Wit, the Chronicle, and the verses to Davenant,
have been greatly admired. The wit by which Cowley
was so highly distinguished is of a character which pos-
sesses but little charms save for the poet's own generation.
But by that generation, and for some years after bis death,
he was lauded to a degree which appears to modern readers
very extravagant.
" These times have produced many excellent jx^ts. amoni? whom,
for strength of wit, Dr. Abraham Cooley [Cowley] justly bears the
liell." — From Baxter''s Prefatory Address to his Poetical Fragm»mts,
1(381.
"Clarendon represents him as having taken a flight beyond all
that went before him; and Milton is said to have declared, that
the three greatest English poets were Spenser. Shakspeare, and
Cowley. ... It has been obsei-ved by Felton. in his Essay on the
Classics, that Cowley was beloved by every Muse that he courted ;
and that he has rivalled the Ancients in eveiy kind of poetry but
Tragedy."
Even in Pope's days, how sadly was the once great
Cowley neglected !
" Who now reads Cowley ? If he pleases yet,
His moral pleases, not his pointed wit:
Forgot his epic, nay, Pindaric art.
But still I love the language of his heart,''
Charles Lamb, in a Letter to Coleridge, refers to the
general neglect of the accomplished author of Poetical
Blossomes :
" In all our comparisons of taste, T do not know whether I have
ever heard your opinion of a poet very dear to me, though now out
of feshion — Cowley."
The reader will find an admirable criticism upon the
works of this once famous author, in I)r. Johnson's Lives
of the English Poets, an extract from which may appro-
priately conclude our article :
*'It may be affirmed, without any encomiastic fervour, that he
brought to his poetic labours a mind replete with learning, and
that his pages areembellished with all the ornaments which bnnks
could supply; that he was the first who imjiaitrd tn Ent:li>h
numbers the enthusiasm of the greater ode. and lln- iravt-ty of the
less; that he was i-qually 'inalified for sprightly sallit-s and fur
lofty flights; that hr wasaniung those who freed translation from
servility, and, instead nf fn|]nwiiig his author at a distance, walked
by his side; and that, if he left versification yet improvable, he
left likewise, from time to time, such specimens of excellence as
enabled succeeding poets to improve it.*'
Read an eloquent paper by Mr. Macaulay in his Miscel-
lanies, entitled A Conversation between Mr. Abraham
Cowley and Mr. John Milton, touching the great Civil
War: set down by a Gentleman of the Middle Temple.
Cowley, Haiinah, 17-i;j-lS09, the daughter of Philip
Parkhouse, of Tivoiton, in Devonshire, was married in
her 25th year to Captain Cowley, of the East India Com-
pany. In 1776 she produced the Runaway, a Comedy,
which met with such success as to encourage her to further
attempts. Her works principally consist of dramatic
pieces: among which are Who's the Dupe? 1779; The
Belle's Stratagem, 1780 ; A Bold Stroke for a Hu.sband, Ac.
See a list of her 14 pieces in Biog. Draniat. Her Poems,
The Maid of Arragon, The Scottish Village, and the Siege
of Acre, have been highly commended. An edit, of her
AVorks. with a memoir, was pub. in 1S13, 3 vols. Svo.
"In her writings, nothing was laboured; all was spontaneous
effusion: she had nothing of the drudge of literature; and fame
was not half as much her object as the pleasure of composition."
— Bioy. Dramatica.
Cowley, J. Sailor's Companion, Lon., 1740, 12mo.
Cowley, John L. Geometry made Easy, Lon., 1752,
Svo ; new ed., by Wm. Jones, 1787. On Comets, 1757, Svo,
App. to Euclid's Elements, 1759, 4to. Theory of Per-
spective Demonstrated, 1766, 4to.
Cowper, Allau. Assize Sermon, 1722, Svo.
Cowper, Charles. Sermon, Lon., ]763, 4to.
Cowper, Henry. Reports of Cases C. K. B., Lon.,
1783, fol. ; 2d ed., 1800, 2 vols. Svo. 1st Amcr. ed., Bost.,
1809, 2 vols. ; N. York, 2 vols, in 1, by J. P. Hall, 1833.
'*A very accurate and v.iluable collection."
Cowper, James, M.D. Narrative of the efiects of a
celebrated niedi(_ine, Lon., 1760, Svo.
CoAvper, John. Sermon, 1752, Svo.
Cowper, Robert. See Couper.
Cowper, Spencer, D.D., 1713-1774, second son of
the Lord High Chancellor Cowper, was educated at Exeter
College, Oxford. Uo became Rector of Fordwich, Pre-
! bendary of Canterbury, and Dean of Durham. Speech,
' 1752, 4to. Serm., 1753, 4to. Discourse, 1773, Svo. Dis-
sertation on the distinct Powers of Reason and Revelation,
1773, Svo.
Cowper, William, 1566-1619, Bishop of Galloway,
was educated at the University of St. Andrews. Before
his elevation to the episcopate, he preached 8 years at
Bothkennar, in Sterlingshire, and 19 years at Perth. His
works, consisting of serms., expositions of the 51st and
119th Psalms, and theolog. treatises, pub. 1611, '12. '13,
'14, '16, and '18, were collected in 1623, fol. This vol, in-
cludes a Comment, on Revelation, then first pub. His
sermons have been highly praised:
" Perhaps superior to any sermous of that age. A vein of pi-ac-
tical piety runs through all his evangelical instructions; the style
is remarkable for ease and fluency ; and the illustrations are strik-
ing and happy."— Dr. McCbie.
'■ Dr. McCrie's character of the sermons will apply to the expo-
sitions."— Orme.
'•An excellent writer — full of devotion, ChristLiu experience, and
consolation." — Bickeksteth.
Cowper, AVilliam. Catalogue of the Chemical Works
written in English; in 3 parts, Lon., 1672, '75, Svo.
Co'wper, William. Charge at the General Quarter
Sessions of the City and Liberty of Westminster, Oct. 19,
1719. Svo. The same, April, 1730, Svo. The same, June,
1736. Svo.
Cow^jer, William, 1666-1709, a surgeon and anato-
mist of eminence, was a native of Hampshire. Myotamia
Reformata ; or A New Administration of all the Muscles
of the Human Body, Lon., 1694, Svo; an edit, by Dr.
1 Mead, with an Introduction on Muscular Motion. 1724.
The Anatomy of Human Bodies: illustrated with 114 cop-
': per-plates, Oxf., ]69S, fol. The publication of this work
' led to a warm controversy with Godfrey Bidloo, the Ger-
: man anatomist. The latter accused Cowper of using his
plates. Cowper contributed many papers to Phil. Trans.,
I 1694, '96, 1702. '03, '05, '12.
CoAvper, William, M.D., d. 1767, practised physic at
Chester. England. Life of St. Werburgh, 1749, 4to. This
is said to have been stolen from the MSS. of Mr. Stone.
The Doctors Cowper seem to have had a propensity for
availing themselves of the labours of others : see above.
II Penseroso, 1767, 4to. Dr. C. prepared materials for his-
tories of the town and county of Chester, but death pre-
vented the comjilction of his labours.
I Cowper, William, 1731-lSOO, one of the most emi-
' nent of English poets, was the son of the Rev. John Cow-
I per. Chaplain to Geo. II.. and Rector of Berkhampstead,
Hertfordshire, where the subject of our memoir was born
on the 26th of November. His grandfather was the dis-
tinguished lion. Spencer Cowper, Chief Justice of Chester,
! and Judge in the Court of Common Pleas, and brother to
Earl Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England, William
j Cowper, deprived of a mother's care at the early age of six
I years, was placed at the boarding-school of Dr, Pitnam,
Market street, Bedfordshire, where he remained Jbr two
I years. There being reason to fear that some unfavourable
1 symptoms would result in a loss of sight, he resided for
cow
cow
two years in the house of a female oculist of great repu-
tation. When ten years of age he was sent to "Westminster
School, where he remained for seven years, leaving with a
character for scholarship, especially in the classics. The
timid, sensitive character of the poet was but little suited
for the rude conflicts to which school-boys are often sub-
jected, and a portion of this season of life was embittered
to Cowper by a tyranny upon the part of a senior scholar
of the most intolerable character. Having selected the
profession of the law, Cowper was now articled for three
years to a Mr. Chapman, a solicitor of some eminence.
How assiduously ho devoted himself to Blackstone, and
with what pleasing tliraldom he submitted to the tenures
of Coke, may be gathered from the following honest con-
fession to his cousin. Lady Hesketh:
" I did actually live three years with Mr. Chapman, a solicitor;
that is to say, I slept three years in his house; but I lived, that is
to say. I spent my days, in Southampton Kow. as you very well
reme'mher. There w.is I. and the future Lord Chancellor, (Thur-
low. I constantly employed from morning till night in giggling and
making giggle, instead of studying law."
With such an apprenticeship, we need not be surprised
that, when at the age of 21 he took possession of a set of
chambers in the Temple, he neither sought business, nor
business sought him. It was at this c:irly period of his Ufo
that we first find strongly-marked indications of that ter-
rible mental malady, which to a greater or less degree held
its victim all his lifetime "subject to bondage" of the most
fearful and tormenting character. Upon this extremely
painful subject but little can be said — but little can he ex-
pected— in the brief limits to which we are confined. "We
must, however, be allowed to enter our most decided pro-
test against the strange misapprehension — grounded upon !
a deplorable ignorance both of the effects of religion, and i
of the mental characteristics of Cowper — that the derange-
ment of this gifted man was either originated, developed,
or increased, by theological truths or theological errors. |
The contrary to this has been often asserted au'l denied '
at great length, and truly, we marvel as mu(di at the un- |
necessary prolixity of those who adopt and support the
negative, as we wonder at the obtuseness of those, who,
professing a knowledge of Cowper's mental history, stereo-
type their simidicity or dishonesty, l>y charging religion
with the unhappy gloom which enshrouds the halo of one
of the brightest suns of England's literary firmament.
Why should apologists waste the elaboration of argument
and fervours of eloquence upon a cause which unadorned
chronology can settle in a few lines decisively and forever?
If we cannot take Cowper's own testimony, we know not
whose should be admitted, for "What man knoweth the
things of a man save the spirit of a man?"
We assert then, first, that Cowper's derangement was not
in the most remote degree to be attributed to religious im-
pressions of any kind, true or erroneous.
We assert, secondly, that nothing but the soothing, re-
straining, and purifying influences of religion stood for
forty years between William Cowper and the madman's
cell, or the suicide's grave. In support of these assertions,
we appeal to the whole mental history of the unhappy
poet, to his own experience, and to the testimony of those
true friends whose unwearied kindness mitigated his suffer-
ings, ministered to his necessities, augmented his comforts,
and smoothed his dying pillow. Before leaving this sub-
ject, however, we will adduce one or two facts of simple
chronology, which may correct the misapprehensions of
some who lack time for the examination of the voluminous
testimony to which we have appealed.
Cowper informs us that in his earlier yenrs (and long
after) he was entirely ignorant of any experience of a re-
ligions character, and even neglectful of the ordinary duties
of prayer and attendance upon public worship. Vvhilst a
etudent of law, he never attended church, unless when
visiting at his uncle's:
" By this means I had indeed an opportunitvof seeing the inside
of a church, whither I went with the family on Sundays, which
probably I should otherwise never have seen." — AutobioQraphi/.
It was whilst thus utterly unforgetful of his 'Creator,
that
'' I was struck, not long ofU^ my stUUment in the Temple, with
such a dejection of spirits, as none but they who hare felt the same
cm have the Uast cmiception of. Day and night J wan upon the
rack, lying down in horror, and rising up in despair." — Ibid.
At this time he was about 21 years of age. Undoubtedly
this was the commencement of the development of con-
stitutional insanity. EUrcn years later he tells us,
"To this moment I had Jelt no concern of a spiritual kind. Igno-
rant of ori'_'inal sin, insensible of the guilt of actual transgression,
1 understwd neither the law nor the gospel: the condemning
nature of the one, nor the restoiing mercies of the other. I was as
much unacquainted with Christ, in all his saving offices, as if his
blessed name had never reached me. Now, therefore, a new scene
opened upon me. Conviction of sin took place, especially of that
just committed, [the attempt at suicide;] the meanness of it, as
well as its atrocity, were exhibited to me in colours so inconceiva-
bly strong, that I despised myself, with a contempt not to be im-
agined or expressed, for having attempted it."' — Ibid.
We have asserted that religion alone stood between the
unhappy man and the grave of the suicide : can we make
our affirmation good? Cowper proceeds as foUow.s :
" This sensfr of it secured tnefrnm the repetition of a O'lme^ which
I could not now reflect on wU/unU horror." — lb. ^
Did religion drive Cowper mad? Hear him further:
*• The only thing that could promote and effectuate my cure was
yet wanting; an experimental knowledge of the redemption which
is in Christ Jesus J" — 10.
Does this look like Religious Insanity? This "only
thing yet wanting" was graciou-sly imparted to the poor
sufferer, — and what was its effect upon him?
"The next day I went to church fov the lirst time after my re-
covery. Throughoutthe whole service 1 had much to do to restrain
my emotions; so fully did I see the beauty and glory of the bard.
. . . Such was the goodness of the Lord, that he gave ' the oil of
joy for mourning, and the garments of praise for the spirit of hea-
viness.'"— lb.
''Hia residence at the Temple extended through eleven years.
In 1763 — the last year of that residence— the offices of the Cleik of
tUe Journals, Heading Clerk, and Clerk of the Committees in the
House of Lords,— all which offices were at the disposal of a cousin
of Cowper's, — became vacant about the same time. The last two
were conferred on Cowper. His patrimony was by this time well-
nigh spent, and the gift was therefore so far acceptable. But the
duties attached to the offices of reading-clerk and clerk of the com-
mittees were duties which required that he should frequently ap-
pear before the House of Li>rd8; and to him, who suffered from ex-
treme nervousness, a public exhibition of any kind was, as he
himself expresses it, 'mortal poison.' He, therefore, almost imme-
diately after having accepted them, resigned those offices and took
that of clerk of the jouruals. But here, again, his cousin's right
of nomination having been questioned, Covs'per was unexpectedly
required to submit himself to an examination at the bar of the
House before being allowed to take the office. Thus the evil from
which he seemed to have escaped again met him. 'A thunder-
bolt,' he writes, in his memoir of himself, 'would have been as
welcome to me as this intelligence. ... To require my attendance
at the bar of the House, that I might there publicly entitle myself
to the office, was in effect to excfude me from it. In the mean
time, the interest of my friend, the honour of his choice, my own
reputation and circumstances, all urged me forward, all pressed
me to undertake that which I saw to be impracticable.' Unce;i3ing
was the anguish which he now suffered. Ue even looked forward
anxiously to the coming of insanity, — a constitutional tendency to
which had manifested itself some years before, — that he might
have a reason for throwing up the office; and, when the dreaded
day drew near and he found liimself still in possession of his
senses, he determined on the commission of suicide. Uis many
attempts to destroy himself all failed of success, owing, as he
pleased to explain it in his memoir, to direct interpositions of Pro-
vidence. The office was ultimately resigned upon the very day
appointed for the examination, and shortly afterwards he became
insane. He was immediately placed under the care of Dr. Cotton,
at St. Alban's, with whom he stayed until his recovery, which took
place about eighteen months after, in June, 1765."~iL7»'^A('5 Eng.
Cyc, vol. ii., Div. Biography. - ■ ■*
He settled at Huntingdon, where he formed an acquaint-
ance with the llev. Mr. and Mrs. Unwin, who proved the
kindest of friends. He became an inmate of their man-
sion; and, upon the death of Mr. Unwin in I7t)7. he
removed with his widow to Olncy, the residence of the
Rev. John Xcwtou, who also became an attached and
valuable frienil. The value of the judicious ministrations
of vigilant affection in cases of mental disorder cannot
be too highly estimated. A derangement of a com-
paratively trifling character may be tortured to madness
or soothed to a repose which precedes restoration, accord-
ing to the course of treatment to which the sufferer shall
be subjected. IIow weighty, then, the responsibility which
devolves upon those to whom the guardianship of the
atfiictcd appertains ! For about eight years Cowper's men-
tal health was hut little affected; but in 1773 the clouds
again settled over his mind, and for a period of ten years
it was more or less enveloped in darkness. In 17'.*4 he
was again a victim to this horrid malady ; and the death
of Mrs. Unwin in 1796 — so long his faithful and devoted
nurse — added to his deep despondency. He gazed upon
her lifeless form, left the chamber of death, and was never
al'terwards once heard to utter her name. In January,
ISOO, he betrayed alarming syuipU.ms of declining health,
and, on the 25th of April following, his troubles were
ended by a change from a world in which he had so long
and so acutely suffered to the presence of that almighty
Being whom he had humbly served with the best offerings
of which a perturbed spirit and distracted mind were
capable. All that enlightened human sympathy and de-
voted Christian friendship could perform had been zeal-
ously lavished upon one whose mental gloom was only to
be entirely dissipated by the brightness of that exceliiug
439
cow
glory which illumines the City of the living God. Such
priceless offices of love, such unwearied, self-sacrificing
devotion, can never be forgotten : the names of Unwin,
Ilesketh. Austen, Johnson, Hayley. and Rose, must be
closely connected with the memory of William Cowper, so
long as the noblest qualities which adorn humanity are
valued among men. Having thus taken a rapid view of
the character of the man, we now proceed to a brief con-
sideration of the author.
Few men who commenced authorship at so late a period
'of life have attained so large a measure of popularity in
their lifetime. When Cowper's first volume was given to
the world, he had seen more than fifty years. He lacked,
therefore, what had been considered almost indispensable
to the character of a poet — inexperience of the world, and
that freshness of feeling and fervour of thought which are
supposed to accompany the earlier stages of life. The
Eubjects, too, of his first volume, (1782. Svo,) were of too
didactic a character to arouse or gratify public curiosity
or literary interest. But little to charm the imagination,
or delit'ht the fancy, could be expected from the discussion
of The" Progress of Error, Truth, Table Talk, Expostula-
tion, Uope, Charity, Ac. It was evident, indeed, that
" Wisdom had prepared her Feast and uttered her Voice,"
but until the nature of man changes, she must continue to
" lift up her voice in the streets, and cry in the chief places
of concourse," ere she can gather around her the very few
who prefer instruction to amusement, and moral improve-
ment to mental dissipation.
But the applause of a few sages was more valuable than
the indifference of the children of the world ; and Cowpcr
was more delighted at having pleased Johnson and Frank-
lin, than he would have been with the applause of Holland
House, and the adulation of half the fashionable assem-
blies of London. Mr. Hayley gives us his own opinion
of the merits of the volume in these words :
" It exhibits such a diversity of poetical powers as have been
given very rarely indeed to any individual of the modern or of
the ancient world."
By the influence of Lady Austen, who had previously
elicited the famous ballad of John Gilpin. Cowper was
induced to commence a new poem — The Task, which was
pub. in 1785. Its success was immediate, and almost un-
bounded. There were few, however opposed in their tastes,
who could not find something to charm them in the many
pleasing pictures and graphic sketches presented in this
volume.
" The Task is a poem of such infinite variety, that it seems to
Include every subject and every style, without any dissonance or
disorder; and to h,ave flowed, without effort, from inspired philan-
thropy, easier to impress upon the hearts of all readers wliateyer
may lead them most happily to the full enjoyment of human life,
and to the final attainment of Heaven."— IIatiey.
" It is impossible to describe this fine poem better than by say-
ing that it treats, in a masterlv wav. of all that affects us here, or
influences us hereafter; that it pleads the cause of the poor and
the desolate in the presence of the rich : admonishes the rich of
their duty to their country, their cotters, and their God ; takes the
senate to task; shakes the scourije nf undving verse over the
pulpit; holds a mirror before tin- iin.fliiiacy ..f citi.'s till Ibcy shud-
der at their own shadow, and .xliil.its t.. the bills ,ind dales of
the country, an image of the fnlliis of (b.ir sons and daughters.
— Allan Cunninoham: £/o!7.((«'/ 'ViV. //(.rf../ ii(.
"Of all the verses that have be.-ii ever devnt.'d to the subject of
domestic happiness, those in his Winter Evcjuiiig. at the opening
of the fourth book of The Task, are perhaps the most beautiful.
In perusing that scene of 'intimate delights,' 'fire-side enjoy-
ments,' and ' home-born happiness,' we seem to recover a part of
the forgotten value of existence, when we recognise the means of
its blessedness so widelv dispensed and so cheaply attainable, and
find them susceptible of description at once so enchanting and so
feithful."— Campbell: Bsnvo" ^'if''-"'' ''"•'''!'•
'• It contains a number of pictures of domestic comfort and so-
cial refinement which can hardly be forgotten but with the lan-
guage itself."
Cowper's next production was the Tirocinium, intended,
as he tells us, , , . ^^
"To censure the want of discipline, and the scandalous inatten-
tion to morals, that obtain in public schools, especually in the
largest." &c.
In the same year, (1784,) ho commenced his translation of
Homer, which was completed and pub. in 1791, 2 vols. 4to.
Not entirely satisfied with his performance, he commenced
a revision in 1792, and devoted his leisure time for several
years to the corrected version. It was pub. in 1802, 4 vols.
8vo, bv J. .lohnston. Very different opinions arc enter-
tained'both of the merit of the translation generally, and
of the respective excellencies or defects of the earlier and
later versions.
Mr. Southey greatlv prefers the former :
" The version he composed when his faculties were most active,
and his spirits least subject to depression, ought notjo b^ siipw
6eded by a revisal, or rather reconstruction, " ' ^
'440
, undertaken tliree
COW
years before his death; not like the first translation, 'a pleasant
work, an innocent luxury.' but ' a hopeless eniploymeut.' a task to
which he gave ' all his miserable days and often many hours of
the night.' " . .
Dr. Clarke appears to be of a different opinion :
"For fidelity, accuracy, and the true poetical fire, this corrected
edition of Cowper's Translation stands yet unrivalled."
Mr. Croker remarks that
" It is the fashion to call Cowper's translation ' a miserable fail-
ure.' but the more one reads it the lietter it seems to represent the
original than any other."
"We admire Mr. Cowper's abilities; some passages are executed
with great taste and spirit, and those that were difflcult he has
happily elucidated, "—ioa. Crilical Bmmj.
"1 Ion" to know your opinion of Cowper's translation. The
Odyssey, especially, is surelv very Homeric. What nobler than
theappearanco of I'ha'bus at the beginning of the Iliad— lines
ending with 'llre.ad sounding-bounding on the silver bow'? "—
Oiarlrs Lamb ti: O'lfriJge. j ,.. , ,v
"That til.' traosl;itinn is a great deal more close and literal than
any that had iir.viniislv been attempted in English verse, probably
will not be disputed by those who are the least disposed to admire
it- that the style into which it is translated is a true English style,
though not pt'rhaps a very elegant or poetical one, may .also be as-
sumed; but we are not sure that a rigid and candid criticism will
go farther in its commcud.ation." — Lord Jeffrey : £din. Jicv., ii. 85.
It is useless to venture any suppositions as to the cha-
racter which his intended life and edition of Milton would
have assumed. Certainly few men have been better quali-
fied for so arduous a task.
Of Cowper's minor poems, perhaps the best known are
the Lines addressed to his Mother's picture, .and that in-
scribed to Mary, his faithful friend and nurse Mrs. Unwin.
The fDlney Hymns, written in conjunction with Kev. John
Newton, have had a wide circulation, and doubtless proved
very useful. In 1803, '04, Mr. Hayley pub. A Life, and
the Posthumous Writings of Cowper, Chichester, 3 vols. 4to.
"The little Mr. Hayley writes in these volumes is by no means
well written, [but] with a very amiable gentleness of temper, and
with the strongest appearance of a sincere veneration and aHeo
tion for the departed friend to whose memory it is consecrated."—
Lord Jeffrey.
In 1806 Mr. Hayley added Supplementary Pages to the
Life of Cowper, Chichester, 4to. In 1824 his Private Cor-
respondence with several of his most intimate friends, from
the originals in the possession of his kinsman. Mr. John-
son, appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. A complete edition of his
Works, Correspondence, and Translations, with a Life of
the Author, edited by Robert Southey, was pub. in 15
vols. p. Svo. A new ed., with additional Letters, in Bohn'B
Standard Library, 8 vols., plates.
" There is no one among our living writers who unites research,
taste, and sincerity, (the three great requisites of a biographer,)
so delightfully as Dr. Southey; and it is almost superfluous to
sav that his work is as readable for its anecdotes and contempo-
rary sketches, as for its clear, manly, and eloquent style."— Xon.
Athcnfntm. . , ,_ ,x. .^ ,
" It is hardly too much to say that it derives nearly half its value
from the labours of the editor and biographer." , . .
" In the Life of the Poet, Dr. Southey has introduced much of
the Literary History of Engkind during half a century, with bio-
graphical sketches of many of his contemporaries."
The Rev. T. S. Grimshawe, author of the Life of Rev.
Legh Richmond, pub. an edit, of the Works, Letters, and
Life, in 183."^, Lon., 8 vols. Svo; new edit., 1847, 8 vols.
Svo, and also an edit, in 1 vol. r. Svo.
"Mr Grimshawe's labours are not only recommended by the
power his relationship to Dr. Johnson placed in his hands, but by
the deep concern he takes in every thing which regards the essen-
tial and beautiful parts of Cowper's character."— JVonoicA Jfcrcury.
We notice some other editions. Cowper's Poems, with a
Memoir of the Author, by John McDiarmid, Edin., ISmo.
"The iMemoir has the merit of being written with remarkable
critical acumen, of delineatinir the character of Cowpcr with accu-
racy, and of including, stripped of all Ixiok-making periphrases,
the whole course of the poet's life, agitated as it was by acute
ment.al sufferings."— Coi/rf jl/,i9a,-.>if.
Cowper's Works, with Life, by Dr. Memes, Glasg., 185i,
12mo. , .,
" The Memoir greatly surpasses, in philosophical accuracy, the
former estimates of Cowper's Life. The editor is evidently a stu-
dent of human nature, under all the varieties of physical and
moral causes bv which it may be affected. He is also a cleai-. good
writer, who. understanding his subject, expresses himself mth
equal beauty and precision."— £i'anjclicti! Mtiganrte.
To these may be added Memoirs, Essays, Ac. by Nico-
las. Gre.afheed, Stcbbins, Cary, Dwight. Ac.
The Letters of Cowper have gained him as much repu-
tation as liavo the most favourite passages of his poetry.
On this theme it were easy to enlarge, but we must rest
content with a citation from one of the greatest masters of
our tongue : „ .,_ ^ _*
" I have always considered the letters of Mr. Cowper as the finest
specimen of (he epistolary style in our language. . . . To an air ol
inimitable ease and carelessness they unite a high degree of cor-
reotiicis. such as could result only from the clearest intellect, com-
bined with the most finished taste. I have scarcely found a single
cox
cox
word which is capable of beinp exchanged for a better. Literary
errors I can discern none. The SfU'ction of words, and the con-
struction of periods, are inimitable; they present as striking a
contrast as can well be conceived to the turpd verbosity which
passes at present for fine writing, and which bears a great resem-
blance to the degeneracy which marks the style of Ammianus
Marcellinus, as compared to that of Cicero or of Livy. In my
humble opinion, the study of Cowper's prose may on this account
be as useful in forming the taste of young people as his poetry." —
Jiev. Robert Hail to Bev. Dr. Johvs'm.
The reader should peruse an article, nominally a review
of Thomas Taylor's Life of Cowper, by Mr. W. B. 0. Pea-
body, in the North American Review for January, 1834.
Also see articles by Lord Jefirey, in the Edinburgh Re-
view, vols. ii. 64, and iv. 273 ; two reviews in the London
Quarterly Review, vols. xvi. 116, and xxx. 185. To these
may be added the articles in the N. American Review, by
W. Phillips, ii. 233 ; H. Ware, xix. 435, and E. T. Chan-
ning. sliv. 29. Also consult the Life, Dissertation, and
Notes, in the new ed. of Cowper's Poetical Works, by Rev.
George Gilfillan, 1854, 8vo.
A few brief extracts from two or three eminent authori-
ties must conclude an article already sufficiently extended :
'*0f Cowper how shall I express myself in adequate terms of
admiration? The purity of his principles, the tenderness of bis
heart, his unaffected and zealous piety, his warmth of devotion,
(however tinctured at times with gloom and despondency,) the
delicacy and playfulness of his wit, and the singular felicity of his
diction, all conspire by turns
'To win the wisest, warm the coldest heart.'
" Cowper is the poet of a well-educated and well-principled Eng-
lishman. ' Home, sweet home' is the scene — limit*.'d as it may be
imagined — in which he contrives to concentrate a thousand beau-
ties, which others have scattered far and vvide upon objects of less
interest and attraction. His pictures are. if I may so speak, con-
ceived with all the tenderness of Kaflaelle, and executed with all
the finish and sharpness of Teniers. No man, in such few words,
tells his tale, or describes his scene, so forcibly and so justly. Ills
views of nature are less grand and less generalized than those of
Thomson : and here, to caiTy on the previous mode of comparison,
I should say that Thomson was the Gaspar Poussin. and Cowper
the Hobbima of rural poetry. . . . The popularity of Cowper gains
strength as it gains age : and. after all, he is the poet of our study,
our cabinet, and our alcove." — Dr. IHudin.
'• Uis language has such a masculine idiomatic strength, and
his manner, whether he rises into grace or falls into negligence,
has so much plain and familiar freedom, that we read no poetry
with a deeper conviction of its sentiments having come from the
author's heart, and of the enthusiasm, in whatever he describes,
having been unfeigned and un exaggerated, lie impresses us with
the idea of a being whose fine spirits had been long enough in the
mixed society of the world to be polished by its intercourse, and
yet withdrawn so soon as to retain an unworldly degree of sim-
plicity and purity." — Thomas Campbeil.
" The great merit of this writer appears to us to consist in the
boldness and originality of his compositions, and in the fortunate
audacity with which he has carried the dominion of poetry into
regions that had been considered as inaccessible to her ambition.
... He took as wide a range in language, too. as in matter; and
shaking off the tawdry incumbrance of that poetical diction which
had nearly reduced the art to the skilful collocation of a set of
appointed phrases, he made no scruple to set down in verso every
expression that would have been admitted in prose, and to take
advantage of all the varieties with which our language could
supply him.'* — Lord .Jeffrey.
Cox, Dr. 1. Med. Discourses. 2. Discourse against
Apothecaries, Lon.. If)fi6, '69, Svo.
Co\, Dr. Medical Compendium. Ac, 180S.
Cox, Mrs, .Joseph ; a Poem. 1783, 12mo.
Cox, or Coxe, Beuj. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645,
*46. 4to.
Cox, D. Address to Dissenters, 1807, 12mo.
Cox, Daniel, M.D. Prof, treat., &c., 1753. '57/58, 8vo.
Cox, David. Landscape Painting and Effect in Wa-
ter Colours. Lon., 1814. fol. Highly esteemed.
Cox,E.W. Registration ofVoters' Act, Lon., lS43.12mo.
Cox, F. A., li.D. Christian Knowledge. Lon., 1806,
Svo. Life of Melancthou, 1815, 8vo; 1817, Svo.
"Correct in narrative, forcible in argunu-ntatinn.ic." — BHt. Jifv.
Female Scripture Biography. 1817 : 1852. 2 vols. Svo.
On Baptism, Svo. On the Book of Daniel, 183.3, 12mo.
"A very useful manual." — Lon. Cmiffreff'itinnal Mag.
Our Young Men : a Prize Essay, isSS, 12mo.
"A word in season to young men in every grade of Society." —
Evangel. Mag.
Mr. C. has written some other theological treatises.
Cox, George. Chemical Delectus, 2d ed.. 1844, 32mo.
Spectable Secrets. 2d ed.. 1844, 12mo. Agricultural Che-
mistry. Lon., 1844, p. Svo.
"The author discusses aeriform matters, salts, acids, &c.. but
fails to estab]if;h any fact for practical adoption. This is the lault
of all chemical essays." — Donaldso/t's AgricuU. Biog.
Cox, Capt. Hiram. Journal of a Residence in the
Eurman Empire, Ac, Lon., 1821. Svo.
Cox, Sir J. H. Letters on Catholic Claims, 1S12.
Cox, James, D.D. Conjugal Affection: a Poem,
1813, Svo.
Cox,James, D.D. TithoCommutatioDS,Lon.,1838,Svo.
Cox, John. Dialecticon Vivi boni et literati de veri-
tate et Nntura atque Substantia corporis et sanguinis
Christi in Eucharistia, Lon., 1557, Svo.
Cox, Johu. Trans, of H. BuUinger's Exhortation to
the Ministers of God's Word, Jcc, Lon., 1575, Svo.
Cox, Johu E. Protestantism contrasted with Roman-
ism, Lon., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. Trans, of Dr. H. Olshausen's
Com. on 1st and 2d EpisL to the Corinthians j Vol. xx. of
Clark's For. Theol. Library.
"A superior help to the study of those two important epistles.''
— British Banner.
Cox, John H, Harmony of the Scriptures, Lon., 1823,
Svo. Highly commended. Jesus shewing Mercy, 18mo.
"A most useful book to be put into the hands of young con-
verts."— Christum Guardian.
Cox, John S. Two Serms.,with Notes, Lon.,1835,12mo.
"These are sensible and sound discourses, which we recom-
mend to all lover.s of orthodoxy.'' — Chris. Bememb.
Cox, Joseph. Narrative rel. to Thief-takers, 1756, Svo.
Cox, Joseph M., M.D. Insanity, 1804, Svo.
Cox, Leonard. See Cockes.
Cox, 3Iichacl, Bishop of Ossory, 1743; Archbishop
of Cashel. 1751. Sermon, Duhl., 1748, 4to.
Cox, Nicholas. The Gentleman's Recreation, in
four Parts, viz. : Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, Fishing,
1674, Svo; fith ed., 1721.
Cox, Oweu. Intelligence from Ireland, 1642, 4to.
Cox, Kichard, 1499-15S1, educated at Eton and
King's College. Cambridge, became Chancellor of the
University of Oxford, and Dean of Westminster. On the
accession of Mary he was imprisoned. In 1559 he was
made Bishop of Ely. He trans, for the "Bishops' Bible"
the four Gospels, the Acts, and the Epistle to the Romans.
He also a.-^sisted in the Cuiiipilation of the Liturgy, 4c.
Cox, Richard. Sl-i' ('hancii, William.
Cox, Sir Kichard, 165i.l~1733, was created Chancellor
of Irelandin 1703. Hibernia Anglicana; or the History of
Ireland from the Conquest to the present time, Lon., 1689,
2 vols. fol. Compiled chiefly from the accounts of Sir
Johu Temple and Dr. Borlase. An Imiuiryinto Religion,
Lon., 1711. Svo. Linen Manufactory, Dubl.. 1749.
Cox, Robert. Action and Diana, with a pastoral
Storse of the Nimph Oenone, &c., Lon., 1566, 1656, 4to.
In Eras. Kirkman's. The Wits, or Sport upon Sport.
"Cox was an excellent comedian, who lived in the reign of King
Charles I." See Itiog. Dramat.
Cox, Robert. Hist, of an Old Pocket Bible. Lon.,
1S13, Svo. Narratives of the Lives of some of the most
eminent Fathers, &c., 1817, Svo. Horas Romans, or an
Attempt to elucidate St. Paul's Epist. to the Romans, by
an original Trans., <tc., 1824, Svo.
" While possessing merits of ahit^h order, it is entirely free from
display." — Lon. Eclectic Jieview.
The Liturgy Revised, 1830, Svo. Secession Considered,
1832, Svo.
Cox, Ross. Adventures on the Columbia River, Lon.,
2 vols. Svo; New York, 1832.
Cox, S. C. P. Williams's Chancery Reports, 4th edit.,
17S7, 3 vols. r. Svo; 5th ed., 1790. Reports of Cases In
Courts of Equity. 1783-96, &q., Lon., 1S16, 2 vols. Svo.
Amer. edit., by .Murray Hoffman, New York, 1824.
"Most brief and perspicuous Reports of unquestionable accu-
racy."— 1 Keut's Otm., 494.
"The American edition is ably edited." — Man-in' s Legal Bibl.
Cox, Samuel H., D.D., a Presbyterian minister, long
settled in Brooklyn, New York. Quakerism not Chris-
tianity, New York, 1833, Svo. Interviews. Memorable
and Useful, from Diary and Memory, reproduced, New
York, 1S53, 12dio.
Cox, Samuel S. The Buckeye Abroad; or Wander-
ings in Eurojie and the Orient, N. York, 1852, 12mo.
"One of the most readable books of travel that we have taken
up for a long time." — N. V. Mirror.
Cox, Thomas. See Coxe.
Cox, William, d. 1S5I ? an Englishman, for some
time resident of New York City. Crayon Sketches, by aji
Amateur, N.Y.. 1853. 2 vols. 12mo.
Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, D.D., b. in Mendham,
New Jersey, 1818, grad. at the University of New Y'ork,
has gained great reputation for classical attainments and
poetical talents. Advent, a Mysterj' ; a Dramatic Poem,
1837. Athwold; a Romaunt. 1S3S. Saint Jonathan ; the
Lay of a Scald. Cantos 1st and 2d, 183S : all that was
pub. Athunasion, and Miscellaneous Poems. Christian
Ballads; new edit., Lon., 1S5.3, Svo. Halloween. Saul;
a Mystery. Trans, of Dr. Von Hirseher's Sympathies of
the Continent, or Proposals for a New Reformation.
" The following work will be found a noble apology for the posi-
441
cox
titm assumed by the Church of Ei.ghind in the sixteenth Mntury,
an" foi Z pritical reforms she then introduced into her theology
and worsliip."— />r. Coxe's Introduction.
Impressions of England, N.Y., 1856, 12ino. Dr. Coxe
lias published Sermons on Doctrine and Duty, 1855.
•■ They .^l■e remarkably able and elaiuent. and discuss a variety
of subjects. The spirit throuKhout is eminently thristian and
persuasive, and all may Ik- read with pleasure and with protit
Coxe, Daniel, M.D. Discourses and papers in i-hil.
Trims., 1074; Alkaline Seeds; Sea Sandj Volatile bait
from Veget.-iblcs. ... Tr„
Coxe, Daniel, resided 11 years in America. lie
claimed the territory of Georgi.i, Florida, and Louisiana
under his father's purchase. Description of Carolina, lion.,
1722, '27, '41, 8vo. . . , j
" A crude performance, drawn up from various journals and
voyages to impress the public with the great importance of the
rerion described, and to make them jealous of its occupation by
the French." See N. .American Review, ii. 1.
Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1741, 8vo.
Coxe, Edward. 1. Miss. Poetry. 2. Valentino, 1805,
Coxe, Eliza A. Liberality and Prejudice, a Noyel,
■1 Qi o o vol''
Coxe, Francis. His Retraction. Lon., 1561. A short
Treatise declaringe the detestable Wickednesse of magicall
Sciences, Lon., 1561, 8vo. Oyies, Vngents, Emplaisters,
and Stilled Waters, 1575, Svo.
Coxe, Henry. A Picture of Italy, 1816, 18mo.
Coxe, John Redman, formerly Prof, of Materia
Medica and Pharma<-y in the Univ. of Penna. 1. On In-
flammation, Phila., 1794, Svo. 2. Importance, Ac. ot Me-
dicine, 1800, Svo. 3. On Vaccination, 1800, Svo. 4. Oii
Combustion, Ac, 1811, Svo. 5. Amer. Dispensatory, 18.i7.
8vo, Ac. 6. Refut. of Harvey's Claim to the Discovery of
the Circulation of the Blood, 1834, Svo. 7. Appeal to the
Public, Ac, 1835, Svo. 8. Agaricus Atramentanus, 184.,
Svo. 9. Recog. of Friends in Another World, 1845, 12mo.
10. Epit. of Hippocrates and Galen, 1846, Svo. 11. Crys-
tallization; Ann. Philos., 1815, vi. 101. Edited: 12. Pliila.
Med. Museum, 1805, 6 vols. Svo; New Ser., 1811, 1 vol.
Svo. 13. Emporium of Arts and Sciences, [continued by
Thomas Cooper, M.D.,] 1812, 5 vols. Svo.
Coxe, Leonard. See Cockes.
Coxe, Margaret, a native of Burlington, New Jersey.
Claims of the Country on American Fem.ales, Phil., 2 vols.
12mo. Botany of the Scriptures. Wonders of the Deep.
Young Lady's Companion and Token, 12mo.
'• A series of Letters replete with the faithful monitions and pre-
cepts a good mother, or. rather, an aflectionate elder sister, would
urge on those under her care."— S. J. Hale: WnnanS Record.
Coxe, Nehcmiali. Heresies, Ac. in Thomas Collier's
Body of Divinity, confuted. Discourses of the Covenants :
wherein Circumcision as a Plea for Pasdo-Baptism is in-
yalidatcd, Lon., 1681, Svo.
Coxe, Peter. Social Day, a Poem with 32 engravings,
Lon., 1823, Svo.
" A poem of no merit."— LowxnKS. .
This beautiful volume contains engravings after Wilkie,
Stothard, Smirke. Cooper, Hills, Ac. The exquisite plate
of the Broken Jar, by Wilkie, engr.aved by Warren, has
been sr)ld for £3 3s.
Coxe, R. C. Lectures on Miracles, Lon., 1832, 12mo.
Lent Lectures, 1836, 12mo. Advent Lectures, 1845, Svo.
Church Subjects, Newc., 1851. Svo. Poems, 1845, p. Svo.
Practical Serins. Wood Notes and Musings, 1848, p. Svo.
Coxe, Richard S. Reports of Cases, in S. Court, N.
Jersey, 1790-95, Burling., 1816, Svo. Decisions in the S.
C, C. C. and D. Courts of the U. States, Phila., 1829, Svo.
This work is the result of great labour, well employed.
Coxe, Tench, of Philadelphia, Commissioner of the
Revenue, d. 1824, aged 68. 1. Address on American M.i.nu-
factures. 2. Inquiry into the Principles of a Commercial
System for the United States, 1787. 3. Examination of 1
Lord Shefadd's Observations on the Commerce of the United
Provinces. 1792, Svo. 4. View of the U. States of Amc-
rica, in a series of papers written 1787-94, Phila., 1794,
Svo ; Lon., 1795, Svo. 5. Thoughts on Naval Power, and
the Encouragement of Commerce and Manufactures, 1806.
6. Memoir on the Cultivation, Trade, and Manufacture of
Cotton, 1807. 7. MemoironaNavigation Act, 1809. 8. State-
ment of the Arts and Manufactures of the U. States, 1814.
Coxe, Thomas. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1667.
Coxe, Thomas. Serms., 1709, '12, '26, '27. M.agna
Britannia ct Hibcrnia, antii|ua et nova: or a new Survey
of Great Britain, Lon., 6 vols. 4to, 1 720-31 ; 1738. Coun-
ties which have not been elsewhere particularly described-
Lincolnshire. Suffolk, Shropshire, Yorkshire— are noticed
in these volumes.
4(2
-.i^ cox
Coxe, 'tVilliam, 1747-1S28, one of the most useful of
modern historical writers, was a native of London ; lellow
of King's College, 1768; Curate of Denham, 1|71; Rec-
tor of Bemerton, 1788; Canon-Residentiary of Salisbury,
1803- Archdeacon of Wilts, 1805. He was also Chaplain
of the Tower. Ho made several excursions on the Conti-
nent, in company with young members of the nobility, and
pub the result ofhis observations to the world. 1. Sketches
of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Switzerland,
Lon., 1779, Svo. See No. 6. 2. Account of the Russian
Discoveries between Asia and America, Ac, 1780, 4to; 2d
edit., 17S0, (supplet. pub. in 1787; see No. 5;) 3d edit.,
1787; 4th edit, enlarged, with maps, 1804, Svo.
'■ This work is interesting, not merely from the particular sul^
iect which the title indicates, hut also on account of the .sketch it
contains of the conquest of Siberia, and of the Kussian commerce
with China."— Stevenson: roi/a<7esoniirmi'*.
"This work confirmed the literary reputation of its author, and
from the time of its first appearance it ha.s been esteemed one of
he most valu.able sources of knowledge on the subject »/ N °rth« "
Europe. Some of the earlier P"/''™' ''^''^i^h "'*•'' /!?„ La?
bertson, the historian, who carefuUy revised them. —Lon. duar.
"^Mr Coxe's book contains many curious and important facts
with respect to the various attempts of the Russians to open a
communication with the New World."— Dr. Hobertsox.
3 Account of the Prisons and Hospitals in Russia, Swe-
den, and Denmark, 1780, Svo. 4. Travels in Russia, Po-
land, Sweden, and Denmark, 1784, 2 vols. 4to ; vol. ui.,
1790, 4to; 2d edit., 1787, 5 vols. Svo; 3d edit., 1802, 5 vols.
8vo;'4thedit., 1803, '04, 3 vols. 4to. „,,,,.
" Coxe-s Tour has lost little of its value by time. The sterling
ore of the matter preserves it, and though it h.as been dis illed,
and hashed up inti a hundred snbsi.,|uent works, there is always
a freshness in the original relation which literary piracy cannot
sncc^sslullv counterfeit. "-Sir Eoerton Bsydges.
"The substantial merits of this work are weU known.'--STEVEN-
son: Voi/ancs (irid Travds. ^ . ta. . -.i,
6 A'Comparative view of the Russian Discoveries, with
thoie made by Captain Cook and Gierke ; and a Sketch of
what remains to be ascertained by future Navigators, 1 1 87,
4to See No. 2, to which this work is supplementary.
6 Travels in Switzerland and in the country of the Gns-
sons, 1789, 3 vols. Svo. This may be called an enlarged
^" These travels were performed in 1776, and again in 1785 and
1787 and bear and dese,^-e the same character as the author.s tra-
vels in Russia, &c. Mr. Coxe gives a list of books in i';'''^"laid
It he end ofhis 3d volume, which may be consulted with advan-
tage There is a similar list at the end of his travels in Russia,
4c°'— Stevexsox: Foy.irarf rrnc. , . .^. ,i. t ,„
1 Letters to Dr. R. Price upon his Discourse on the Love
of our Country, 1790, Svo. 8. Expl. of the Catechism,
179') Svo 9. Of Confirmation, 1793, Svo. 10. Gaysia-
bles"'with Life and Notes. 11. Letter to the Countess of
Pembroke on the secret tribunals of Westphalia, 1' 96, Svo.
12. Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert
Walpole, Earl of Orford, 179S, 3 vols. 4to. The Sta e Pa-
pers which accompany these Memoirs are most valuable
to the historian.
"A more judicious and instructive biographical work, or one
more satisfactory to every rational desire of knowledge, ts-ot found
in English literature. It combines m a remarkable degree the
exact and dispassionate inquiry which forms the grea merit of
compiled history, with the lively circumstantual illustration which
Sgs to contemporary narrative, or that drawn from recent tra-
di ™n It would be snperHuous to dwell longer on a book with
which no accurate reader of English history can permit himself to
be unacquainted."— io". QMir. Nevim. j • » „„
Mr Pitt remarked that he had never formed a just ap-
preciation of the character of Sir Robert Walpole and his
Administration, before ho had perused Mr. C'o.xc s work.
13 Biographical Anecdotes of Handel !ind C. J. Smith,
1799 4to This vol. contains some of Smith's music never
before pub. 14. A Serm. on the excellence of the British
Jurisdiction, 1799, Svo. 15. Historical Tourin Monmouth-
shire ; with upwards of SO engravings, by Sir R. Colt Iloarc,
1801, 2 vols. 4to. Abridged by the author s sister, ISOJ,
™" On™ f Coxe's most agreeable works, and may be ranked anions
the most elegant and interesting publications esUnt on British
Topography."- /.on. Quarltrl)/ Itn: , i,- , „ „„ i
This valuable work contains much local history ami
many interesting biographical anecdotes. This is a de-
partment^Topography-in which Americans will long
have to enw their elder brethren, lb. Memoirs of Ho-
ratio, Lord SValpole, 1802, 4to. This may be considered
as supplementary to No. 12. 17. Vindication of the C^elte,
ISO'l 8vo 18. History of the House of Austria, 1218-
1792! 1807, 3 vols. 4to; 2d edit, 1820, 5 vols. Svo; 3d ed.,
"'^The Ilou'se o?Aust°ria has in particular received due homage
and respect tVom the labours of ,T. V. Kraft and Jlr. Archdeacon
Coxe."— Dr. DlDDlx ; Lib. Comp.
cox
" Coxe'p Hou ^e of Austria must be diligently read," kc—SmyUi's
Ltct. on Mix/. lll.st.. q. V.
19. Essay on the Epist. of Ignatius, 1807. 8vo. 20. The
Literary Life and Select Works of Benj. Stillingfieet, 1811,
3 vols. 8vo. Vol. i. contains the Life; ii. and iii. S.'s
Poetry, Tracts on Nat. Hist, and Prof. Martyn's Observa-
tions.
'■ The value cf these original and truly curious extracts cannot
foil to be appreciated by every person conversant with the subject.
Mr. StilliugHeet's Keoiarks on Agricultural Writers are particu-
larly valualile. Ilis Works will now attain the rank iu every Li-
braiy to which they are so justly entitled." — Lon. Gent. Mag.
21. Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of
Bourbon, 1700-88, 1813, 3 vols. 4to; 2ded., 1815, 5 vols.Svo.
*' In Mr. Coxe's llouse of Bourbon every subject th:it I have
now alluded to is treated very fully. Ilis work is in many places
entertaining, and is on the whole a valuable accession to our his-
torical information." — Prof, pMYTri: Led. on Mod. Hist.
22. Letter on Tithes, 1815, 8vo. 23. A Sermon, 1817,
4to. 2-4. Memoirs of John, Duke of Marlborough, with
his original Correspondence, 1818, '19, 3 vols. 4to ; 2d ed.,
1820, 6 vols. 8vo; new edit., revised by John Wade, 18-48,
3 vols. sm. 8vo, and an Atlas in 4to. One of the large
paper copies of the first edit, had the two portraits of the
Duke taken on siitin. This copy was marked £30 iu a
bookseller's catiilogue.
" To write the Life of Marlborough is to write the history of the
reign of Queen Anne; and it is impossible for any one to judge
properly of this pait of our annals, without a diligent perusal of
this very ent^-rtAiiuing and valuable work." — Prof. Smyth : Led. on
Mod. Hist.
25. Private Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of
Shrewsbury, 1S21, 4to. 26. Sketches of the Lives of Cor-
reggio and Parmegiano, 1823, 8vo. 27. Memoirs of the
Administration of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham, 1829,
2 vols. 4to.
" The late Archdeacon Coxe has terminated his long and useful
literary course by a work which adds largely to our stores of au-
thentic information. . . . He has executed his task with no less
diligence and fidelity than he displayed while in the full enjoy-
ment of earlier vigour." — British Critic.
"These Memoirs have lately acquired a new title to attention,
(if such a work needed any casual inrideut to enhance its valu*^)
by the publication of Lord Orford's lively letters to .Sir Horace
Mann, where a great part of the small talk embodied in "Walpole's
Memoirs, and of which Mr. Coxe's History is the best correction,
reappears in a lighter form." — Lnn. Quartn-h/ Jferiew.
"I have now then only to refer the student to Mr. Coxe's Me-
moirs of the Pelham Administration, and to request that he will
depend on this regular and authentic account of an important
period in our annals, not only while he wishes to know the trans-
actions that belong to it. but the character of the ministers and
parliamentary leaders by which it was distio'zuished. In no other
way can he derive a proper idea of the merits of !^Ir. Pelham. Lord
Hardwicke. and. above all, of the Duke of Newcastle." — Prof.
Smtth : Lfict. on Mod. Hist.
We notice a set of Coxe's Historical Works and Travels,
24 vols. imp. 4to, all on large paper, in Mr. H. G. Bohn's
Catalogue for 1841, elegantly bound in red morocco by
Lewis, priced £84. The same enterprising publisher has
recently issued in his excellent Standard Librahy, cheap
edits, of several of the works of this author: see ante.
Here is an opportunity for both long and short purses.
Let no historical student fail to secure the.^e invaluable
Tolumes in some form, for, as Dr. Aikin well remarks,
" He who wishes to understand intimately the politics nt" the
two last reigns must consult the volumes of Mr. Coxe: the future
historian will refer to them with confidence and gratitude." —
Annual Jievieiv.
"The biographical labours of Mr. ARrnnEACox Coxe are consi-
derable in extent, aud meritorious in quality ; and. as they appear
to my judgment, are likely to be yet more appreciated by posterity
than in the jireS'iil tiuies." — Dr." Dibdin; Lib. Comp.
Coxeter, Thomas, 1689-1747, a native of Lechlade,
Gloucestershire, was educated at Magdalen School and
Trinity College, Oxford. He collected some of the mate-
rials used in what is styled Gibber's Lives of the Poets,
assisted Ames in his Typographical Antiquities, and aided
Theobald iu his black-letter researches, when the latter
was preparing his edit, of Shakspeare. Some of his MSS.
were used by Warton in his History of English Poetry.
He pub. in 1739 an edit, of Daily's, or rather Hall's, Lite
of Bishop Fisher, first pub. in 1655. He was the originator
of the scheme adopted by Dodsley of publishing a collec-
tion of Old English Plays. He also pub., in 1710, a poem
supposed to be his own, entitled Astrea Licrimans, to the
memory of Sir John Cook, and in 1759 an edit, of Mas-
singer's Works appeared, said to he "revised, corrected,
and the editions collated, by Mr. Coxeter."
" We talked nf a collection being made of all thp En^-lish pnots
who had published a volume of pot:-ms. .'fftlin*;nn tnM ni'- ■ tli;it
a Mr. Coxeter. whom he knew, had gone the greatest l.-ngtb Inwards
this; having collected, I think, about five hundred vuluiiifs of
poets whose works were but little known; but that upon his death
Tom Osbourne bought them, and they were dispersed, which he
thought a pity, as it was curious to see any series complete; and
CRA
in every volume of poems something good may be found.' " — Bos-
wdVs JoJnistm.
It should 1)6 mentioned to Dr. Johnson's credit, that he
often afi'orded aid to Coxeter's daughter, who was left in
needy circumstances by her father's death. Coxeter was
secretary to an English Historical Society, and he con-
templated the publication of an edit, of the Driimatic
Works of Thomas May. See a notice of him in Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, and in the Gent. Mag. for 1756.
Coyte, B., M.D. Con. to Med. Trans., 17s5. Hortus
Botanicus Gippovicensis, Ipswich, 1796, 4to. Index Plan-
tarum, vol. i. 1808, 8vo.
Coyte, Joseph William, A Cockney's Rambles in
the Country. 1811, 12mo.
Coyte, 'Tobias. Fifteen Serms., 1762, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coyte, William, Serm., Norw., 1710, 12mo.
Cozens, Dr. Mercurius Ecclesiasticus, 1645, 4to.
Cozens, Alexander, d. 1786, a drawing-master in
London, born in Russia. 1. 32 Species of Trees, 1771.
2. Landscapes, 1785. 3. Nature. 4. Principles of Beauty
relative to the Human Head, with 19 Plates by Bartolozzi ;
Letter Press in English and French, 177S, imp. fol.
"A work very ingenious, but somewhat tjinciful." — I>B. Watt:
Bill. Brit.
Cozens, Charles, Adventures of a Guardsman,
Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Cozens, Samuel, Biblical Lexicon of 2500 names
and places, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Cozens, Zachariah, 1. A Tour through the Isle
of Thanet, 1794. 2. The Margate Hoy. .3. A Poem.
Con. to Gent. Mag. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Cozzens, Fred. S., b. 1818, in New York City. 1.
Prismatics, N. York, 1852. 2. Stone House on the Sus-
quehanna. 3. Sparrowgrass Papers, 185G, 12mo. A work
full of wit and humour. 4. Acadia; or, A Sojourn among
the Blue Noses, 1858, 12mo. Ed. The Wine-Press; a
Monthly devoted to the interests of American vine-
planters and wine-makers.
Cozzeus, Issachar, b. 1781, Newport. R.I., uncle
of the preceding. Geological History of New York Island,
N.Y., 1843, 8vo.
Crabb, George, of Magdalen College, Oxford, d.
1854. 1. Universal Historical Dictionary, 1825, 2 vols.
4to. 2. Dictionary of General Knowledge, 5th ed., by
Rev. H. Davis, 1853, cr. 8vo. 3. Universal Technological
Dictionary, 1823, 2 vols. 4to. 4. English Synonymes, 3d
ed., 1824, Svo; 1826, 4to; pub. in N. York, lOth'ed. frcrm
the folio edit., 1852, 8vo.
"A valuable addition to the philological treatises which we pos-
sess."—SriVw/f Critic, Od. 1823.
"As an etymologist. Mr. Crabb seems to have some dictionary-
knowledge of many languages; but to be unacquainted with the
philosophy, or history even, of languase in general. . . . However,
with all this appjiceiit in<T.nip.'ti'in'y for thi' office of Pynonymist,
Mr. Crabb has most indu^tiinusly lnou-^bt together a m.iss of ma-
terials and observatiuiis, wbirh. und^r judicious selection, in more
skilful hands, may, hereafter, essentially contribute to the service
of English literature." — Lon. Quarterly Rev., xxv.
"It is wished that some such work aa the Abbe Girard's Si/no-
nivies i^fl?jfwsc5 were undertaken for our tongue. Nothing would
contribute more to precise and elegant writing." — Blair's Led ures.
5. German Grammar for Englishmen, 12mo. 6. Eng-
lish Grammar for Germans. 7. Extracts from Germ. Au-
thors ; 7th ed. by Tiarks, 1841, 12uio. 8. Germ, and Eng.
Conversationists; 9th ed. by Bernays, 1846, 12mo. 9. New
Pantheon, or Mythology of All Nations, 1847, ISmo. Like
all Mr. Crabb's works, most useful and instructive.
Crabb, George, 1. Conveyancer's Assistant, 3d ed.,
Lon., 1845. 2 vols, 8voj 4th ed., by J. T. Christie, Lon.,
1855. 2 vols.
''Mr. Christie has not only ably revised this Fourth Edition of the
late Mr. Crabb' s work, but very materially improved it by amend-
ing, and in many rases curtailing, the length of the oiiginal pre-
cedents, and adapting them to the established forms of the present
day." — Lmi. I^njul Observr.
" Xo lawyer will feel his library to be complete without it." —
BdVs Messenger.
2. Law of Real Property, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Hist, of
the English Law, 1829.Svo: 41st Am. ed.. Burling., 1831,
8vo. This is founded upon Reeves's Hist, of the English
Law. 4. Digest and Index of the Statutes, Ac, Lon.,
1841, '47, 4 vols. r. 8vo.
"A work of immense labour, most carefully and s;itisfactorily
stated." — Marvi/i's L^gal Bill.
Crabb, Habakkuk, 1750-1794. Serms., Camb.,
1796, r. 8vo.
"A valuable addition to the stock of English Discourses." — ntTOS
■WORTHINGTOX.
Crabb, John, Poem, 1704; ditto, 1719, Oxf., fol.
Crabb, Maria J. Tales for Children, 1807, 12mo.
Crabb, Roger, '^he English Hermite ; or Wonder of
this Age, Lon., 1655, 4to; reprinted in Harl. Miscell., vol. iv.
443
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Crabbe's Report of Cases in D. C. TJ. States for the
E. District of Penna., 1836-46, chiefly hefore the Hon.
Joseph Hopliinson, Phila., 8vo.
"Mr Crflblip's Reports are extremely "well done. The style is
Rood, the t-.cts of the cases well stated, and the syllabus carefully
abstracted." See Amer. Law Kepis.. June, 1853.
Crabbe, George, 1754-1832, a native of Aldborough,
Suffolk, was the son of a collector of the salt-duties, who
placed him as an apprentice with a surgeon, which pro-
fession the future author for a time adopted. Meeting
with l)Ut little success, and having liecome enamoured of
authorship, he determined to seek his fortune in London,
which he had already visited as a medical student. A
poetical address to the monthly reviewers, entitled, The
Candidate, profited him but little either in pocket or repu-
tation, and the ret amjmta dumi — if the term may be ap-
plied to a poet's garret — stared him in the face with a most
threatening aspect. In this emergency he made unsuc-
cessful applications for relief to Lord North, Lord Shel-
hurne, and Lord Chancellor Thurlow. The latter was
subsci|uently more gracious to him. and presented him
with £100, and two years later with two small livings.
But at the earlier period of which we speak, he would
have been desolate and destitute indeed, had it not in a
happy moment occurred to him to make known his case
to that exalted character— Edmund Burke, a name never
to be mentioned without reverence nor thought of without
admiration and esteem. His written application will be
found in the Life of the poet by his son, and several letters
to Mr. Burke are pub. in the Correspondence of the latter.
In our memoir of this distinguished statesman and philo-
sopher, we have quoted an eloquent tribute by Crabbe to
the virtues of his generous benefactor, and we have such
delight in recording any thing to the honour of this illus-
trious man, that we cannot withhold from the reader the
enthusiastic eulogy of the grateful child of the deeply
obliged author:
■• He went into Mr. Burke's room, a poor youns adventurer,
spurned by the opulent, and rejected by the publishers, his last
shillini; cone, and all but his last hope with it: he came out vir-
tu.llly secure of almost .ill the good fortune that, by successive
steps afterwards fell to his lot— his genius acknowledged by one
whose verdict could not be qnestioned— his character and manners
appreciated and approved by a noble and capacious heart, whose
l>enevolence knew no limits' but its power— that of a giant in in-
tellect, who was, in feeling, an unsophisticated child— a bright ex-
ample of the close affinity between superlative talents and the
w:u-mth of the generous affections. Mr. Crabbe had afterwards
many other friends, kind, liberal, and powerful, who assisted him
in his professional career; but it was one hand alone that rescued
him when he was sinking."
By the assistance of this true friend, who took him un-
der his own roof, Cr.abbe was enabled to prepare himself
for admission to holy orders. He was ordained deacon in
1781 and priest in 1782. After officiating for a time as
curate to the rector of Aldborough. he became, by the in-
fluence of Mr. Burke, chaplain to the Duke of Kutland.
.and took up his residence at Belvoir Castle. In 1783
Lord Thurlow presented him with two small livings in
Dorsetshire. He now felt at liberty to marry the object
of his early afTections— Sarah Elmy— who was removed by
death in 181 3. In this year — ho had in the meantime held
several rectories and curacies — the Duke of Rutland gave
him the living of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, to which the
incumbency of Croxton, near Belvoir, was subsequently
added. Here he lived for the rest of his life, a useful,
respected, and beloved parish priest, occasionally relieving
his piistoral duties by a visit to his literary friends in
London, who admired the poet, esteemed the man, and
revered the priest. In 1822 he paid a visit to Sir W.alter
Scott, in Edinburgh. We now come to the consideration
of his writings. The Poem of the Library was pub. in
1781, 4to, and met with a flattering reception. Two years
later appeared The Village, which confirmed his literary
reputation, and made the obscure priest one of the most
noted in an age of great names. Both of these poems had
before publication received the benefit of the revision of
Mr. Borkc. and The Village had passed under the critical
eye of Dr. Johnson :
■^ "March 4, 1763.
"Sir— I have sent you back Mr. Crabbe's poem, which I re.ad
■with great delight. It is original, vigorous, and elegant.
"The alterations which I have made I do not require him to
adopt, for my lines are perhaps not often better than his own ;
but he mav take mine and his own together, and perhaps between
them produce something better than either. He is not to think
his copy wantonly defaced. A wet sponge will wash all the red
lines away, and leave the p.age clear.
" The d'edica lion wilt be least liked. It were better to contract it
into a short, sprightly address. I do not doubt Mr. Crabbe's suc-
cess."— 1)>-. Jtihuson th Sir Joshua EarntiUh.
Scenes so graphically described, appealing to the ex-
CRA
perience of so many, could not he otherwise than widely
read Those who read extracts in the jimrnals wore not
satisfied until they had procured the volume, and the au-
thor felt his position to be no longer doubtful. Ibe News-
p.aper appeared in 1785; The Parish Register in 1807:
The Borough in 1810; Tales in Verse in 1812; and his
last publication-Tales of the H.-ill-in 1819. He so d this
work, and the unexpired term of his former copyrights, to
Mr Murray for the handsome sum of £3000. We should
not omit to mention, that two years before the publication
of the last-named work, Mr. Crabbe pub. a Sermon on the
Variation of Public Opinion as it respects Religion. In
delineating the homely everyday scenes of common Lng-
li.li life —in depicting the tenants of the lowly cottage, the
rude hut, the parish workhouse, and the jail— perhaps
Crabbe has never been surpassed. His command ot
language and facility in rhyme are remarkable, and
without being free from diffusiveness, there is often an
epigrammatical terseness in his lines which delights even
a careless reader. Horace Smith calls him " Pope in
worsted stockings," but Horace said many things in his
wit which he would have repudiated in his wisdom. One
of the most eloquent criticisms upon Crabbe s writings with
which wo are acquainted will be found in Cunningham s
Biog. Hist, of England. We give a brief extract ;
"The severity of fr.ibbes muse consists in a failhlul portraiture
of nature. If "man is not always happy, it is not the poet s fault.
There is too much of sober reality in life to make the picture other
than it is This Crabbe knows, for he writes of scenes under his
own observation. He lived amidst the people he describes, felt
their occasional joys, and saddened over their many misfortunes.
Bu i^his gloomiLt character he ■?<^'" ' ""'"t^Pf "« "°*f '^
of mature' He does not accumulate horrors for etlect. He has no
extravagant and unnatural heroes pouring forth their morbid sen-
iment fn his pages. There is no sickly affectation, but a pure and
healthy portrait of life-of life it may be in its unhappiest but m
fts least artificial, development, where society haf .*""^. '^ *°
alter its rough uneducated tones, where the actual feeliigs and
passions of man m.ay be tr.aced at every footstep. --Vol. m. 420.
Gifford, referring to the affecting story of the village girl
betrothed to the sailor, in The Borough, remarks :
" Longinus somewhere mentions, that it was a question among
the critics of his age, whether the sublime could be produced by
tenderness. If tbfs question had not been already determmed,
this history would have gone far to bring it to a decision.
Allan Cunningham hardly agrees with the critic quoted
" •"crabbe is a cold and remorseless dissector, who pauses with the
streaming knife in his hands, to explain how strongly the blood
is tainted, what a gangrene is in the liver, how conipletelj the
sources of health are corrupted, and that the subject is a had one
Deliver us from Cnabbe in the hour of depression! I'l'tures
of moral, and mental, and bodily degradation, are frequent through
all his works; he is one of Job's chief comforters to the people. -
Jliog.amlCrit.Hisl.o/Lit.
We quote an able criticism on Crabbe from an eminent
''""mT Crabbe is the greatest matincnrf, perhaps, of .all our living
poets ; and it is rather uufortun.ate that the most prominent features
of his mannerism are not the most pleasing. 'Ibe homely, quaint,
and proSiic stvle-the flat, and often bi-oken and J.ngly versifea-
tion-the etefnal full-lengths of low and worthless characters-
"ith their accustomed garnishing of sly jokes and ""'bar mo-
ralizing-are all on the surface of his writmgs; and are almost
unavoidably the things by which we are first «minded of him
when we take up any of his new produc ions. Yet they are not
the things that truly constitute his peculiar manner, or g ve that
character by which he will and ought to be remembered with fu-
Uire generations. It is plain, indeed that they are thing.s that
will make nobody remembered-and cin never, therefore, be
re.ally characteristic of some of the most original and powerful
P°f.te'a?c^orr41y"has"oTher gifts; and those not less pecu-
liar or ess strongly marked than the blemishes with which they
are cnntrasted-an unrivalled and almost magical power of olv
seTvation. resulting in descriptions so true to nature as to strike
u, rather as transcripts than imitations-an anatomy ol character
■lud feeling not lessexquisite and searchmg-an occasional touch of
manlv enderness-and a d.'ep and dreadful pathetic. ■"<".'P<'"»'»
bv fits, and strangelv interwoven with the most minnteand humble
of his details. Add to all this the sure and profound sagacity of
the emarks with which he every now and then -•»>■' ;-;«"y"">«
midst of very unambitious discussions; and the weight and teise^
ness of the maxims which he drops, like O"™ ^F.^'f.P""^;^; ™
occasions that give no promise of such a revelation ; and last,
?h"S. not leas?, that s,?eet and seldom^sounded chord of l.^^^l
inspiration, the lighte.st touch of which instantly "Charms away
M Kness from'his numbers and .all harshness from h'S hemes
-and at once exalts him to a level with the most energetic and
inventive poets of his .ige."— Loan Jeffeet. _
Read articles in Edin, Review, xii. IBl.Jsyi- 30 :sj. 2, ,,
rxxii lis Ix. 131; Lon. Quar. Rev.. 1. 468, In. 9( ; Black-
wood's Mag., v. 469; N. American Rev., xxx.x. 135. An
edit, of Crabbe's Works was pub. in 7 vols. fp. Svo. Lon.,
ISOO- 1S03 5 vols. Svo, and r. Svo. Life, with his Letters
anljour^'ls, by his son: new edit 1838 fp. Svo New
edit, of his Life and Poetical Works, edited by his son.
CRA
CRA
1847, 1 vol. r. 8vo. Poetical Works, with his Letters and
Journals, 1847, 8 vols. fp. 8vo ; Works, Ac, 5 vols. 8vo ;
also in 1860 and 1851. The Life, by the son of the poet,
has been highly commended.
" We never read a more interestinf; piece of biography — it is so
unaffected, and we are sure so iaithful. that we now feel as well
acquainted with the man as we haye hitherto been with the poet."
~-Lon. Alfirn<rum.
Crabtree, Wm. Observationes Ccelestes, 1672, 4to.
Crabtree, Wm. Funeral Serm., Leeds, 1780, 8vo.
Cracherode, Rev. Clayton Mordaunt, 1729-
1799, educated at Christ Church, O-iford, was conspicuous
for his taste in books, pictures, Ac, and for his noble Li-
brary and collection of curiosities, which were bequeathed
to the British Museum. Three specimens of his e.xccllent
Latin poetry will be found in the Carmina Quadragesi-
inalia, for the year 174S, and an account of the author and
his books is recorded by Dr. Dibdin in the Bibliographical
Decameron. Also .see Gent. Mag., vol. lix., and Sims's
Hand Book to the Library of the British Museum.
'• He was a splendid star in the old school of biljlioi^raphy — from
the time of the .sale of Askew's library to the day of his death —
which latter event took place about eifiht or nine years after the
dispersion of the Pinelli collection." — Dibdin's Biblioa. Decameron,
lii. 329.
Cracklow, C. Views of Churches in Surrey, Lon.,
1827, 4to. This should accompany BrittonandBrayley's
Hist, of Surrey.
Cracknell, Beoj., D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1794-
1806.
Craddock,Francis.Rerenuo without Taxes,1661,4to.
Cradock, John, Archljp. of Dublin. Serm. before
the Univ. of Camljridge, 1739 ; H. of Commons, 1752 ;
Fast S., 1758.
Cradock, Joseph. Tour in Wales, Lon., 1770, 12mo.
Zobeide; a Trag., 1771, Svo. Account of parts of N. Wales,
1777, 12mo. Literary and Misc. Memoirs and some of the
author's writings, 1826-28, 4 vols. Svo.
'' Anecdotes of many distinguished political, literary, and thea-
tric characters of the ISth centui-y, travels in parts of Europe, and
reprints of several of the author's tracts and plays." — Low.ndes.
Cradock, Samuel, 1620-1701!. a Nonconformist di-
vine. Fellow of Emanuel College, O.xford, Rector of North
Cadbury, ejected, 1662. 1. Knowledge and Practice, Lon.,
1659, 8vo.
" I know of no book so well adapted to help a yount; minister "
— Orton.
"One of the best systems of divinity which a plain man can
read." — Bogde.
'• Much instruction is condensed."
2. Harmony of the Four Evangelists, 1668, fol. This
was revised by Archbishop Tillotson.
"In the seventeenth century it was deservedly held in the
hiEhest estimation ; though it is now superseded by later and more
critical works." — T. H. IIorne.
3. The Apostolical History, 1672, fol. 4. The Old Testa-
ment History Methodized, 16S.S, fol. ; in Latin, at Leyden,
1685, 8vo. Superseded by the labours of Stackhouse and
Townsend. 5. Exposition of the Revelation, 1692, Svo.
" Superseded by later and better works." — T. H. HoRNE.
" Anti-millenarian, but ev.anjxelical." — Bickersteth.
fi. Gospel Liberty. 7. A Catechism.
"Ciadock's three volumes are very readable: the two last on
the New Testament are much better than the first on the Old. His
extracts in the m.irgin from Hammond, Lij^htfoot, and Grotius,
are very judiiious: and I think, on the whole, I never read any
one author that assisted me more in what relates to the New Tes-
tament."'— Dr. DoiiDltlDGE.
Cradock, Thomas, d. 1760, Rector of St. Thomas's,
Baltimore county, Maryland. Two Serms., 1747, Svo.
Trans, of Buchanan's Latin Psalms into Eng. Verse, 1754,
Svo.
Cradock, Walter, d. 1 660, a Puritan divine, travelled
m Wales, and excited great interest in religion by his ser-
mons. To this day in some parts of Wales professors of
religion are called " Cradocks." Serms., 1646, 4to. Gospel
Liberty, 1646, 4to. Divine Drops, 1650, 4to. Gospel-holi-
ne3.»e, 1651. 4to. Works, Chester, 1800, Svo.
"His works excel in clearness of doctrine, especially in the
grand article of Christian righteousness. The author discovers a
great simplicity of manner as a preacher, with much energv and
loving zeal."— Dr. E. Williams.
Cradock, William, D.D. .Serms., 1713, '18, 8vo.
Cradock, Zachary, D.D., 163.3-1695. iSerms., 1078,
1706, '42. Two of his serms., one on Providence, and one
on the Design of Christianity, have been greatly admired.
Cradocke, Edward. 'The Shippe of Assured Safetie.
Discourse of God's Providence, Lon., 1571, 16mo.
Cradocot. Sermon, Lon., 166.3, 4to.
Craford, Earl of. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Crafordius, Matt. Latin treat, on the Sabbath,
1669, Svo. '
Crafts, William, 1787-1826, a native of Charleston,
S. Carolina, and for some time editor of The Charleston
Courier. He attained considerable distinction as a law-
yer. Poems, Essays, and Orations, with a Biog. Memoir,
Charleston, 1828. See Kettell'a Spec. American Poetry,
ii. 144.
C'rafurdius, Thomas. Sec Craufdrd.
Crafurdiiis. See Chai:ford.
Crag, John. A Prophecy concerning the Earl of
Essex that now is, 1641, 4to.
Cragge, John. 1. G. Britain's Prayers in the time
of dangerous Contagion, 1641, 4to. 2. Against Annbap-
tism, 1656, Svo. 3. Cabinet of Spirituall Jewells, in Eight
Serms., 1657. 4. The Royal Prerogative, <tc., and a Serm.,
1661, Svo.
Craghead, Robert. Answer to a discourse of Dp.
Eing, Edin., 1694, 4to.
Craig, A. R. 1. Corporal Punishments in Schools,
Lon., 1844, Svo. 2. Philosophy of Training, 1847, 12mo.
" Worthy of attention ; for its purpose is not only to obviate the
necessity of normal schools for teachers, but to afford better guides
to the mode of teaching languages, so as to abridge the time em-
ployed in attaining them, and to enable the learner to gain them
with more ease and accuracy." — Lmi. Gent. Mag.
Craig, or Craige, Alexander. Poeticall Essayes,
Lon., 1604, 4to. Amorose Songs, Sonets, and Elegies,
1606, 12mo. Poeticall Recreations, Aberd., 1623, 4to.
Craig, Edward. Jacob, or Patriarchal Piety, 1826,
12mo. Sermons, 1S28, 12mo.
"The grand doctrines of the gospel are here brought promi-
nently Jbrward, and established by clear and appropriate testimo-
nies from the sacred volume. Wo feel as we read these sermons
the kindling ardour of a devotional spirit." — Loil. Cong. Mag.
Craig, James, 1682-1744, a native of East Lothian,
one of the most popular preachers in Edinburgh. Divine
Poems. Serms., Edin., 1732-38, 3 vols. Svo. Greatly ad-
mired ; very scarce, and should be republished.
Craig, John, 1512 ?-1600, a preacher of the Reforma-
tion in .Scotland, wrote the celelu-ated National Covenant,
and partly compiled The Second Book of Discipline. A
Short Summe of the whole Catechism, Edin., 1581, Svo.
,So rare, that a copy iu a Ijookseller's catalogue some years
back, was priced £S 8s. Reprinted, Lon., 1591, Svo.
Craig, John, a Scotch mathematician. Theologize
ChristianjK Principia Mathematica, Lon., 1699, 4to; Leip-
sic, 1755. In this he attempts to prove that tlie Ciiristian
religion will last only 1454 years from the date of his book,
unless the second coming of Christ prevent its extinction.
Abbe Hautville refuted his arguments in his Christian Re-
ligion proved by facts. Craig pub. several mathematical
treatises, and some papers in Phil. Trans., 1698-1712. See
Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Craig, John. Origin of. the Distinctions of Rank,
by Prof. Millar, with account of his life and writings,
Edin., 1806, Svo. Remarks on Doctrines in Political
Economy, Svo. Elements of Political Science, 1814, 3
vols. Svo.
Craig, John. New Universal Etymological, Tech-
nological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English
Language, with an Essay on Language, Lon., 1852, 2 vols.
Svo.
" Partaking, from the copiousness of its explanations, and the
number of words, of the claaracter of an Encyclopaedia. It con-
t.iins a vast m.iss of important information on Natural History and
Science."
Craig, R. D., and T. J. PhilHps. Reports of
Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 3 Vict., 1S40, '41, Lon., 1842,
Svo. R. D. C. and J. W. Mylne's Reports in Chancery,
1835-41, 5 vols. r. Svo, 1837-48.
Craig, Rev. Robert. Refutation of Popery. Lon.,
2 vols. Svo. Tlieocracy, or the Principles of the Jewish
Religion and Polity adapted to all Nations and Times,-
1848, p. Svo.
"An excellent treatise, written with clearness and vigour.'' —
Edinburgh Advirtiser.
Craig, Sir Thomas, of Riccarton, 1548-1608, an
eminent lawyer and antiquary, a native of Edinburgh.
Poemata, Ed'in., 1603, 4to ; et inter Delit. Poet. Scotar.,
Amst., 1637, Svo. Jus Feudale, tribus Libris comprehen-
sum, left in MS. by the author, edited and pub. by Robert
Burnet in 1655, fol. The 2d edit, was enlarged Ijy Mencke-
nius : the last edit, was improved by the notes and cor-
rections of James Baillie, Edin., 1732, fol. ; Lon., 1766,
4to; Lipsiii', 1716. fol. Other edits, and translations. It
illustrates the Feudal Law as applied in Scotland.
" A basting monument of the extraordinary learning of its great
author." — Bishop Nicolson: Hist. Lib.
"Craig has taken little pains to search into the anlinuitips of
our law. It was not the practice in his days either for historians
or lawyers to dip into records ; and our author appears to be better
419
CRA
CRA
acquainted with the Feudal history of other countries, which
niit^ht be learned from books, than with the Feudal history of his
own country, which must be gathered from records." — LordKames:
^ttiluie Law of Scotland.
*' Craig's is a work of authority all over Europe." See Moreri ;
and Laing's Hist, of Scotland.
Scotland's Sovereignty asserted; being a dispute con-
cerning Homage, Lon., 1695, 8vo.
"An elaborate treatise, provintr that the kinps of Scotland neyer
paid nor owed any homage to those of England." — Bishop Nicol-
BON : Hist. Lib.
The Right of Succession to the Kingdom of England,
Lon., 1703, fol., answered by W. Atwood. Craig was au-
thor of some Latin poems, which have been highly ad-
mired. See an Account of his Life and Writings by Pat-
rick Fraser Tytler, Edin., 1823, 8vo; and see Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual.
" Sir Thomas Craij; is known in every enlightened country In
Europe — and his Latin Poems have been mentioned in commenda-
tory terms by critical writers." — Irvine.
Craig, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1821, 8vo.
Craig, VV. Marshall, Study of Nature in drawing
Landscape, Lon., 1703, 4to, He attacks Gilpin's principles
of drawing. Craig pub. several other works on painting,
drawing, ic.
Craig, William, D.D., 1709-1783, of St. Andrew's
Church, Glasgow. Essay on the Life of Christ, Edin.,
1767, 12mo. Discourses, Edin., 1775, 3 vols, 12mo; new
edit., 1808, 2 vols. Svo.
*' Habitually pious, ardently devout, and deeply interested in
the welfiire of those who listened to his instruction, he delivered
himself with genuine and becoming earnestness."^pROF. Kichari>-
SON, in Biog. BHt.
Craigie, David, M.D. Elements of the Practice of
Physic, Edin., 1837^0, 2 vols. Svo. Elements of General
and Pathological Anatomy, 2d edit., Edin., 18-47, Svo,
pp. 1088.
"A volume which may be perused with pleasure and advantage,
both by the non-professional man of science and the practical ana-
tomist."— La n cet .
See "Anatomy," in Encyc. Brit, 7th edit.
Craigie, J., and J. S. Stewart. Reports of Cases
decided in the H. of Lords under Appeal from Scotland,
1720-53. being a continuation of Kob*F(sOQ'ft Reports,
Edin., 1825, Svo.
Craik, George LiUie, b. 1799, in Tifeshire, son
of a schoolmaster, settled in London in 1824; Prof. Eng-
lish Literature and IIi:-'tory, Queen's College, Eellast, since
1849. From the commencement t^:" the close of the Psnny
Cyclopedia he was one of its most valuable contributors
in history and biography, and is one of tbo most useful
writers of the dav. 1. Romance of the Pe«rage, Lon.,
1848-50, 4 vols. p'. Svo.
" We believe there are few literary men in England who are Bo
well ac'juaiuted with this subject as the present author." — Jer-
roJd's Ne-wspapf^r.
2. Bacon : his Writings and his Philosophy, % vols. 18mo.
Highly commended : see notice in Lon. Athena-um, &c.
3. Spenser and his Poetry, 3 vols. 18mo. 4. Paris and its
Historical Scenes, 2 vols. ISmo. 6. Evils of Popular Tu-
mults, illustrative of the Evils of Social Ignorance, ISmo.
6. History of British Commerce from the Earliest Time
to the Present Day, 3 vols. i8mo.
"To the merchant, the capitalist, the manufacturer, the trades-
man, to all who are dt^sirous of knowing by what means England
has arrived at her present state of eommercial greatness and pros-
perity, we recommend this worlt as the cheapest and by Cvr the
hest mode of obtiiiuinfj the desired information." — Lincoln Stan.
7. History of Literature and Learning in England, from
the Earliest Time to the Present Dav, 6 vols, in 3, ISmo,
1844, '45.
"An invaluable textrbook to all students of English literature."
^Lon. Critic.
8. The Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties, (3 vols.
ISmo;) a new edit., to which is added Female Examples,
(2 vols. ISmo.) 5 vols, in 2. 1845-47.
"A body of examples, full of anecdotes and interest, to show how
an ardent desire for knowledj^e has been able to triumph over the
most unpropitious cirL-umstances. A pleasant book, worthy of
being accepted by all thoughtful women and honourable men." —
Zon. Atfwnceuvi.
9. Outlinesof theEng. Language, 1851. 13mo. Mr. Craik
and Charles Macfarlane were the pfineipnl euntrihutors to
Knight's invaluable Pictorial History of England, 8 vols,
supur-roy. Svo. Sec Andrews, J. Pettit.
"Scrupulous accuracy, unwearied research, and sound criticism,
united with an ardent deeire for the safe and gradual advance of
all that may practically improve the condition of society, are the
leading characteristics of Mr. Craik's ■writings." — KnighVs Eng.
Cyc, Div. Biog., vul. ii.
Crakanthorpc, Richard, D.D., 1569-1624, Fellow
of Queen's College. Oxford. 1598. Defensio Ecclesise Ang-
licana;, Ac, Lou., 1625, 4to,
446
" Which book was held to be the most exact piece for controversy
since the time of the Ueformalion." — At/ien. Oxim.
Dr. C. also wrote A Defence of Justinian, 1616, 4to; of
Constantine, 1621, 4to; Popish Falsitications, 1607; A
Treatise of the 5th Genl. Council at Constantinople, 553,
1631, fol.; and some sermons, <fec. See Athen. Oxon.
'^ Dr. Crakanthorpe's Defensio gives the best account of most
Popish controversies."
In his Treatise of the 5th General Council he contends,
in opposition to Baronius and Blnnius, that the Pope's
apostolical cnstit. and definitive sentence in matter of
faith was condemned as heretical by the Synod.
Crakelt, \V. Trigonometry, &c.
Cralle, Richard K., of South Carolina. Life and
Works of .John C. Calhoun, N.Y., 6 vols. 8vo. See p. 327.
Cramer, J. A. Catenae Gra-corum Patrum in Novum
Testamcntum, Oxon., 1838-44, 8 vols. 8vo. Ancient Greece,
3 vols. Svo. Italy, 2 vols. Svo. Asia Elinor, 2 vols. Svo.
Study of Modern' History, 1843, Svo. Cramer and Wick-
ham's Dissert, on the Pass, of Hannibal over the Alps,
1828, Svo.
"A scholar-like work of first-rate a^n\iiy."—Edin. Review.
Crammond, H., M.D. Outlines of Human Life, 1787,
Svo.
Crammond, Robt. and H., M.D. A Letter to the
National As^emljly of France, 1790, 4to.
Cramp, J. M. Text Book of Popery, Dubl., 1831,
12mo ; enlarged, Lon., 1839. Svo ; 3d ed., 1851. |
"A complete exposure of the imposture of the Papal religion by
authorities the most unexceptirnalilt-. the most decisive, the most
condemning." — Mendham: M'-miTt-ils of the GjujicU of Ti-ent.
Lectures for these Times, 1844, 12mo.
Crampton, Philip, M.D. Profess, treatises, Lon.,
1805, '13.
Cranch, Rev. C. P., b. 1813. in Alexandria, District
of Columbia, is a son of Junon William Cranch. (q.v.)
He pub. a vol. of poems in 1844. (Phila., 12mo.) See spe-
cimens in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, The
Last of the Huggermuggers, Bost., 1856, 12mo. Kob-
boltozo ; a Sequel to the above, 1857, 12mo.
Cranch, John. Wills, by W, Langworth, 1794, Svo.
Fine Arts. 181 1, 4to.
Cranch, Judge Richard, 1726-1811, a native of
England, resided for 61 years nt Braintree, near Quincy,
Massachusetts. He pub. his Views of the Prophecies con-
cerning Antichrist. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Cranch, Judge William, 176S-1S54, son of the
above. Reports of Cases in Sup. Court U.S., Aug. ISOl,
to Feb. 1815, 9 vols, in 8, Washington, 1S04-17; N. York,
1812, Svo.
" Tlie period taken in by Judge Cranch is perhaps the most
momentous and lustrous in uur judicial historv." — Soff. Leg. Stu.,
421, 7-1'., et 41.3, 660. 569; Story's Prom, yotes'.
Cranch. W., and Richard Cox. Condensed Reports Su-
preme Court U. States, Washington, 1835, Svo. Reports
of Cases in U. States Circuit Court of the District of Co-
lumbia. 1801-41. 6 vols. Svo.
*'The extensive jurisdiction, civil and criminal, original and
appellate, of the tribunal whose decisions are here i-eported, — the
lon^ period covered by the volumes. — the interest and variety
of the subjects adjudicated by the court, and the great research
which characterizes its most important decisions, — concur to
render this publication in the highest degree desirable to the
community."
Craudolph, A. J. Mysterious Hand, 1811, 3 vols.
12mo.
Crandon, John. Baxter's Aphorisms, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Crane, John, M.D. Nottiugton M. Water, Lon.,
1790. Svo.
Crane, Ralph. The Workes of Mercy, both corporal
and spirituall : A Poem, Lon., 1621, Svo. Sykes's sale,
£9 lOs.
Crane, Thomas, of Lancashire. A Prospect of Di-
vine Providence, Lou., 1672, sm. Svo. Has only the ini-
tials, T. C.
'■A valuable work." — Bickerstetr.
Serm. at Funeral of Rich'd Sherlock, D.D., 1690, 4to,
Crane, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1772, '74,
'86. Poet. AVorks of Wm. Smith, D.D. Life and Writings,
1788, Svo.
Crane, Wm., Jun., M.D. Con. to Phil. Mag., ISM,
*15: Chemical Affinity ; the Nature of Light.
Craner, Henry. Sermons, 1749, '63.
Craner, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Cranfield, Thomas. An Harmony of the Gospels,
Dubl., 1795. fol.
" It contains much accurate research, and much useful informa-
tion."— Dns. (JRAVES Asn Barrett.
" The testimony of two scholais of such eminence is entitled to
the greatest deference and respect." — Orme ; Bibl. Bib.
CRA
Cranford, James. The Teaves of Ireland, Lon.,
16+2, 12mo. Bindley sale, £13 13». ; Nassau ditto, £17.
Sermon on Heresies. 1646, 4to.
Crank, W. H. Theory and Practice of Arithmetic,
Lon.. 1843, 12mo.
" Many rules not generally known are introduced in this work.
Cranley, Thomas. Amanda, 1635, 4to. Reed, Ti.
728; Bindley, i. 2195, £5 17«. dd. ; Steevens, 1051.
Cranmcr, George. New Church Discipline, 1641, 4 to.
Cranmer, Thomas, D.D., 14S9-1556, a native of
Aslacton, Nottinghamshire, was entered of Jesus College,
Cambridge, in 1503, became a Fellow, 1510, '11; D.D.,
1523. The cipncurrence of his opinions with the desires
of Henry VIII. in the matter of his divorce from his bro-
ther's widow gained him the favour of the sovereign, and
raised him to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, March 30,
1533. Upon the death of Henry he was one of the Council
of Regency to Edward VI., and laljonred zealously to pro-
mote the principles of the Reformation. Upon the acces-
sion of Mary, he was imprisoned as an abettor of the
treason of Lady Jane (5rey, and also declared guilty of
heresy by Pope Pius IV. The melancholy story of the
recantation wrung from the bodily intirmities and mental
distraction of an old man, goaded by merciless demons in
human shape to a state of desperation, is too well known
and too painful a theme to be lingered over here. Indeed,
the Life of Cranmer belongs to ecclesiastical and political,
rather than to literary, history. He passed to heaven
through the tires of martyrdom on the 21st of March, 1556,
in his 67th year. His writings — for an account of which
refer to the works cited below — greatly tended to the pro-
motion of the English Reformation. Cranmer's Bible, or
the Great Bible, as it is called, was printed by Rychard
Grafton and Edw.ird Whitchurch, 1539, fol. The trans-
lation is Tyndale's and Rogers's, carefully revised through-
out. Many edits, were printed between 1540-69. A
beautiful copy on vellum — probably unique — formerly the
property of Henry VIII., can be seen in the British Mu-
seum. For an account of Cranmer's Bible, see Lewis,
Cotton, Home, Lowndes, &c. The Instruction of a Chris-
tian Man was pub. iu 1537, fol., and Catechismus, a trans,
from Justus Jonas, in 1548, Svo. Cranmer wrote some of
the Homilies, and various controversial and explanatory
treatises. See the following works : Memorials of the Life
and Works of Archbishop Cranmer, collected by the Rev.
John Strype, Lon., 1694, fol. New ed., Oxford, Clarendon
Press, 1812, 2 vols. r. Svo; 50 copies, large paper, imp. Svo;
Sykes's sale, £7 10s./ again Oxf., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. Re-
mains ; collected and arranged by the Rev. H. Jenkins,
Oxf., 1833, 4 vols. Svo. Writings and disputations relative
to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Edited for the
Parker Society by the Rev. John Edmund Cox, Camb.,
1844, imp. Svo. Works; Miscellaneous Writings and Let-
ters, edited as above, for the P. S., vol. ii., 1846. Writings,
see British Reformers, ix. Reprint of Catechismus, Oxf.,
1839, Svo ; Extr.acts from E. J. Barrow. Tracts of An-
glican Fathers, i. 7. Life of Cranmer by William Gilpin,
1784, Svo. Life of, by Charles Webb Le Bas, 1833, 2 vols.
sm. Svo. Also see Burnet, Fox, and Biog. Brit. Nor must
we forget Archdeacon Todd's Vindication of Cranmer
against Lingard, Milner, and Butler, 1825, '26 ; Reply to
Dr. Lingard's Vindication of his Hist, of England, 1827 ;
and Life of Archbishop Cranmer. 1831, 2 vols. Svo. This
biogr.aphy is thus highly commended by an eminent au-
thority :
'•The most impartial and complete historical narration of the
life of this celebrated Churchman. By a judicious arrangement,
and a pleasing and unprejudiced style, Mr. Todd has rendered bis
work highly interesting." — Lon. LiLtranj Gazette.
The amiability and ingenuousness of Cranmer's cha-
racter were so well known, that Shakspeare mentions it as
a common saying concerning him :
'■ Do my Lord of Canterbury
But one shrewd txu-n, and he's your friend forever."
Cranston, David, a native of Scotland. Quaestiones
in lib. Magist. Martini de Fortitudine, Paris. 1611, fol.
Additiones in Mor.alia Jacobi. Almoin. Gourment, 1518, fol.
Cranwell, Rev. J. The Christiad, a Poem from
Vida, 1767.
Cranwell, L. Bishop .and Presbyter equal, 1661, 4to.
Crashavv. Delays in Religion, Lon., 1653, 4to.
Crashaw, H. the Bespotted Jesuit, Lon.. 164S, Svo.
Crashaw, Richard, d. 1650 ? son of the Rev. Richard
Crashaw, was a native of London, and educated at the
Charterhou.se, and Pembroke Hall. Cambridge. In 1637
he was Fellow of Peterhouse. Entering the Church, he
became distinguished as an eloquent prcathcr, but was
CRA
ejected in l(i44 for refusing to take the Covenant. Ho
now removed to France, and beoamo a convert to the Ro-
man Catholic religion. In 1646 Cuwley found him in
Paris in great pecuniary distress, and secured him the in-
fluence of Henrietta Maria, whose commendatory letters
procured him the posts of secretary to one of the cardinals,
and canon of the church of Lorctto. Soon after this last
promotion he died of a fever, about 1650. In 1634 be pub.
a vol. of Latin poems, in one of which occurs the well-
known line — sometimes ascribed to Dryden — referring to
the miracle of the convergion of water into wine:
"Nynipha pudka Deum vidit et erubuit."
Thw modest water saw Us God, mid Mu^bfcl.
His English Poems, Steps to the Temple. The Delights of
the Muses, and Carmen Deo Nostro. werepub. in 1646,12m"",
and 164S, 12mo. Carmen Deo Nostro, te decet Hymnus :
Sacred Poems, collected, Paris, 1652, Svo. Poetry, with
some Account of the Author and Introductory Address, by
Peregrine Phillips, 1758, 12mo. Poetical Works ; now tirst
completely edited by W. B. Turnbull. 1S5S, fp. 8vo. His
poetry consists principally of religious invocations and
translations of uncommon merit from the Latin and Italian.
His luxuriance of imagination and exquisite facility in
the expression of his poetical visions have seldom been
surpassed. Among his best-known pieces are Hymn to
the Name of Jesus ; Lines on a Prayer-Book ; Music's
Duel; the translation from Moschus, Catullus, and of a
portion of Marino's Sospetto d'Herode. The latter will
remind the reader as forcibly of Paradise Lost as the
same author's Elegies on St. Alexis will recall the fervid
strains in which Eloisa invokes Abelanl. Mr. Hayley con-
siders that Pope conferred quite as much as he borrowed :
" If Pope borrowed any thing from Crashaw in this article, it
was only as the sun borrows from the earth, when drawing from
thence a mere vapour, he makes it the delight of every eye, by giv-
ing it all the tendt^r and gorgeous colouring of heaven."
Pope thus announces his favourite pieces in Crashaw's
collection :
'■ I will just observe that the best pieces of this author are a
Paraphrase on Psalm xiii. — On Lessius. — Epitaph on Mr. Ashton, —
Wishes to his supposed Mistress, and the Dies Ir<s.'' — LttUr to H.
Crumivdl, Dec. 17. 1710.
Crashaw's editor dissents from this opinion :
"The reader must determine whether Mr. Pope has mentioned
thti best pieces: on the contrary, whether many much superior
are not to be met with in the little work before us; and if so. what
fair reason could there be for such a partial selection."— P/(i7/i>5'5
Crashaw, p. 22.
Selden and Cowley were intimate friends of our poet,
and the monody in which the latter laments his death has
been highly commended :
'■ Cowk-y seems to have had what Milton is believed to have
wanted, the skill to rate his own performances by their just value ;
and has therefore closed his Miscellanies with the Verses upon
Crashaw. which apparently excel all that have gone before them;
and iu which there are beauties which common authors may justly
think not only above their attainment, but above their ambition."
—Br. Jnhiison^s Life of Cmvley.
" Crashaw has originality in many parts, and as a translator, is
entitled to the highest applause."— i/etWZfy '5 Select Beauties of An-
cient Eng. I\ietry.
'■ His translations have considerable merit, but his original po-
etry is full of conceit."— E?Zis's Specimens of the Early Eng. Foets.
" Poet and Paint ! to thee alone are given.
The two most sacred names of earth and heaven.
********
How well (blest Swan) did fate contrive thy death,
And made thee render up thy tuneful breath
In thy great mistress' arms? Thou most divine
And richest offering of Loretto's shrine.'" — Cowlet.
Crashaw, William, father of the preceding, was
preacher at the Temple, and was as much opposed to Ro-
manism as his son was in favour of it. Roman Forgeries,
and Falsifications of Authors. Lon., 1606, 4to. Newes from
Italy of a second Moses, &c., 1608, 4to ; being the life of
the Marquesse of Vico, from the Latin of Beza, by W. C,
1608, Svo. In this is contained '* the story of his admira-
ble conversion from popery." Fiscus Papalis. 1617, 4to.
See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 468. '6il. The Jesuites
Gospel, written by themselves, laid open and reproved, 1641,
4to. Other tbeoloi^ical works: pec Bibl. Bib.
Cranford, Capt. C. Events of the War, 1766-63,
and a Treatise on some branches of the Military Art, trans.
Lon., 1787, 3 vols. 8vo.
Crawford, Crawfurd, or Crawford, David, 1665-
1726, alawycr and hi.^torio;:rapher of Scotland, Memoirs
of the Affairs of Scotland. 1566-81, Edin., 1706, Svo : 1767,
12mo. His veracity has been questioned: see M. Laing's
Pref. to his ed. of the Historio and Life of James the Sixth,
Edin.. 1804. Svi..
Crauford,Geor!;e. Treats. on Polit.Econ.. 1785-1800.
U7
CRA
CRA
Craufurd, Lt. Col. Spanish Lite, 1837, 2 vols. Svo.
Craufurd, A. Essay on the Development of Func-
tions, Lon., 1S44, 8vo. Verses on various occasions, IS-iG,
12mo.
Craufurd, Charles H, Scrms., Lon., 1840, 8vo.
Craufurd, Sir G. W. Examinations on Butler's Ana-
logy, 3d ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Craufurd, George. See Crauford.
Craufurd, John Lindesay, Earl of. Memoirs
from his own Papers, At;., Lou., 1709, 12mo. R. Rolt also
pub. his Memoirs. 1753, 4to.
Craufurd, Quiutiu. Sketches, Ac, relating to the
Hindoos, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. A. and M. India, 1817, 2 vols.
Svo. Other works.
Craufurd, Thomas. Prof, of Philos. and Math, in
the College of Edinburgh, in 1646. Loeorum Nominum,
&c. Scotorum historiis, Ac, emend. C. Irvinis, Edin., 1665,
12nio. Notes, &c., on Buchanan's Hist, of Scot., 170S,
12mo. Hist, of Univ. of Edinburgh, 1580-1646, 1808, 8vo.
" An extraordinary critick in the history and antiquities of Scot-
land."— Bishop Nicolson: Scot. Hist. Lib.
Craven. See Carleton, Capt.
Craven, Lady Elizabeth. Sco Anspach, Mar-
gravine OF.
Craven, Isaac. Sermon, Lon., 1658, 4to.
Craven, Hon. R. Keppel. Tour through the South-
ern Provinces of Naples, Lon., 1821, 4to.
*' His work, without pretending to deep science or extensive
scholarship, is both entertaining and instructive.'" — filin. Jierneto.
Excursions in the Abruzzi and Northern Provinces of
Naples, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
"To all those who have ever 'swam in a gondola,' &c. these
volumes will be received as welcome." — Lon. AVtencettm.
Craven, William, 1731-1815, Prof, of Arabic, Cam-
bridge, educated at St. John's College. Sermons on the
Evidence of a Future State of Rewards and Punishments,
Ac, Camb., 1776, Svo.
" The subject is treated with great perspicuity, and Mr. Hume's
objections solidly refuted." — Bishop Watson.
Sermon, &c., Lon., 1798, Svo. Discourses, Ac, in An-
swer to Mr. Hume, Camb., 1802, Svo.
" We recommend it, as furnishiutj a series of important facts and
observation.'^, to all int^enious inquirers into the very interesting
subject of ^vliii-h it treats." — Edin. Review.
Crawford. The Olive Branch, a Poem, Lon., 1814, Svo.
Crawford, Mrs. The Lady of the Bedchamber, Lon.,
2 vols. p. Svo. The Double Marriage.
"A first-rate novel, both as regards purity of style, the interest
of the tale, and life-like development of character." — Lon. Ev. Post.
Crawford, Capt. Reminiscences of distinguished
Commanders, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"■A work which cannot fail of being popular in every portion of
our seagirt isle, and of being read with delight by all who feel inte-
rested in the right hand of our country — its navy." — Plymouth
Herald
CraAvford, Col. Ireland's Ingratitude to the Parlia-
ment of England. Lon., 1643, 4to.
Crawford, A. Account of Mr. Stern, 1760, Svo.
Crawford, Adair, d. 1795, Prof, of Chemistry, Wool-
wich. Animal Heat, 1779, Svo. Reviewed by "Wm. Mor-
gan, 1781, Svo. Tonics; edited by Alex. Crawford, 1817.
Phil. Trans., 1790.
Crawford, Charles. Dissert, on the Phtvdo of
Plato, Lou., 1774, Svo. Several polit. and theolog. pub-
lications, 1776-lSll.
Crawford, G, Drainage Act, Dubl., 1843, 12mo.
Crawford, Gr., and Edw. S. Dix. Cases in Courts of Law
and Equity in Ireland, 1837, '38, Arc. Dubl., 1839, Svo.
Cases on the Circuits in Ireland, 1839^2, 2 vols, and 3
parts of vol. 3d, Dubl.. 1844. Svo.
Crawford, Georgre. Discourses, Edin., 1832. 12mo.
Crawford, George M. The Case of Saunders v.
Smith, as to Copyright in Law Reports, Lon., 1839, Svo.
Craw^ford, James, Writer to the Signet, d. 1783.
The Decisions of the Court of Session, &c.
Crawford, James, M.D. Practical Remarks on the
Sympathy of the Parts of the Body.
Crawford, John. Statue to K. William, &c.
Crawford, John. 1. Theory of Physic. 2. Causes,
ic, 1724. •32,
Crawford, John Lindesay, Earl of. See Crau-
furd.
Crawford, John, M.D. 1. Liver. 2. Muscles,1772,'S6.
Crawford, John. Philosophy of Wealth, 3d edit.,
Lon., 1817, Svo.
Crawford, Patrick. Returne from Poporie, 1627, 4to.
Craw'ford, Robert, d. 1733, gained some celebrity
as the author of The Bush aboon Traquair, and the ad-
mired lyric of Tweedside. He assisted Allan Ramsay in
hia '* Tea Table Miscellanies."
448
'■ Tho true muse of native pastoral seeks not to adorn herself with
unnatural ornaments; her spirit is in homely love and fireside
jny, tender and simple, like the religion of the land, she utters
nothing out of keeping with the character of her people, and the
aspect of the soil ; and of this spirit, and of this feeling, Crawford
is a large partaker." — Allan Cunsingham : see Chambers's Cyc. of
Eng. Lit.
Crawford, William, 1676-1742, a Scottish divine,
a native of Kelso. Dying Thoughts. Scrmon.s, Lon.,
1825. 12mo.
" Dying Thoughts will prove a real friend to the devout reader."'
Crawford, William. 1. Remarks on Lord Chester-
field's Letters to his Son. 2. Sermon, 1776, '86.
Crawford, William, D.D., of Straiton, Scotland.
Hist, of Ireland in a Series of Letters, Strabane, 1783,
2 vols. Svo. See an unfavourable notice in the London
Monthly Review, Ixx. 39, which concludes thus:
*■ We are sorry there is no Judex. An omission of this kind is
particularly inexcusable in a History."
Or inexcusable In any work which aspires to take a
permanent place in literature. *' What, even in works of
imagination or fancy?" Yes, even in sueh. Dr. Johnson
advocated an Index for Clarissa, and who would not de-
light to see one to the Waverley Novels? Let not this
hint be thrown away. Mrs. Clarke has given us an index
to Shakspeare — let us next have one to Scott. Who will
undertake it? Profit and honour await liim. We have
already expressed our.sclves at large upon the Index head :
See AYscotJGH, Samukl. Dr. Crawford also pub. a vol.
of Sermons, Edin., 1815, Svo.
Crawford, William H,, and Horatio Marbury,
A Digest of the Laws of Georgia, Savannah, 1802, 4to.
Prepared under the special authority of the State.
Crawfnrd, Charles. See Crawford.
Crawfnrd, David. See CnAUFURD.
Crawfnrd, Thomas, See Cuaufurd.
Crawfnrd, George. 1. Hist, of the Family of the
Stewarts, U);i4-1710. Edin., 1710, fol. New edit, to the
present time by W. Semple, Paisley, 1782, 4to. Enlarged
and continued to present time by George Robertson, Pais-
ley, 1818, 4to. A valuable work. 2. The Peerage of
Scotland, Edin., 1716, fol.
"As the first publication on the Peerage of Scotland, this work
is deserving of great praise."
Lives and Characters of the Crown and State Officers of
Scotland. Edin., 1726, fol., vol. i. only pub.
Crawfnrd, John, late British Resident at the Court
of the Sultan of Java. 1. Hist, of the Indian Archipelago,
Edin., 1820, 3 vols. Svo.
" This is a valuable work, particularly in what relates to the
actual commerce and commercial capabilities of these islands ; it
also treats of the manners, relifjion. language. &c. of the inhabit-
ants; but on some of these points not with the soundest judg-
ment, or the most accurate information." — Stevenson : Toy. aiid
Trav.
Dr. Murray tells us that he was induced to omit a de-
scription of the Islands of the Indian Archipelago, in con-
sequence of so "full and interesting a view having been
given by Mr. Crawfurd." See Hist. Acct. of Discoveriea
and Trav. in Asia.
2. Siam and Cochin China, 1828, 4to; 2d ed., 1830,
2 vols. Svo.
"A very valuable contribution to the geography and statistics
of the Oriental world, and one of the most interesting nari-atives
we have for some time past been called upon to notice." — Ltm.
3Ioi}(fd)/ i?ei'/('i(',
3. Court of Ava in 1827, 1829, 4to; 2d ed., 1S34, 2 vols.
Svo.
" This, like Mr. Crawfurd's other p^lbli^■.^ti^•np. contains a large
store lit iiifnriiKitinn, and many sound ami jmiii jnus remarks on
the institutiuiis ;iiid manners of the Etist."—})'- s/mi/tsfer Bei-iew.
"This and ihv prect^dinp work give not only (he latest, but the
best and nmst ;iiith.'ii1i''. amiunts of the countries referred to;
and have adtb'd imtst in.iteriaHy to onr knowledge of a very large
portion of Eastern Asia." — MuOuLLOcn; Lit. nf Polit. Economy.
Mr. Crawfurd is also one of the contributors — the others
are Hugh Murray, Peter Gordon, Capt- Thomas Lynn, and
Professors Wallace and Burnett — to the excellent account
of China, illustrated by Jackson, pub. in '6 vols. sm. Svo,
forming part of Oliver and Boyd's Edin. Cab. Library.
" The best digest which has yet appeared, adapted to the object
in view, that of giving a popular account of the empire of China."
— Asiatic JmirnaJ.
4. Inquiry into tho System of Taxation in India, Svo.
5. Letters on the Interior of India, Svo. 6. Taxes on Know-
ledge, 1836, Svo. The taxes objected to — the stamp-duty
on newspapers, and the duty on paper — were subsequently
reduced, tho former about (^&, and the latter about 50, per
cent. ; and the duty on newspapers has also been repealed.
7. Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, 1852,
2 vols. Svo.
" These volumes are inestimable to the philologist as well as the
Eastern traveller and trader."— Xon. Examiner.
CRA
CRE
Crawskey^ John. The Countryman's Instructor,
Lon., ItJ.'Jtl, 4to. The Goud Husband's Jewel, York, 1661.
Crayon, GeollVey. See Irving, Washington.
Creamer, Hannah G., b. at Salem, Mass. Gift for
Young Students. Eleanor. Delia's Doctors, &c.
Crease, J. Prophecies Fulfillinc;;, 17S;i, Svo.
Crease, Jas. 1. Varnishing. 2. Wood Work, 1300/03.
Creaser, Thomas. Vaccine Inoculation, 1800, '(>?>.
Creasy, Edward Shepherd, M.A.. b. 1S12, at Bex-
ley, in Kent, Eng., Prof, of Hist, at Univ. Coll., Lon. 1.
Parcga: Poems. 1843, r. 8vu. 2. Eton College, Lon., 1848,
p. Svo: see Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1848, .305. 3. Text-Book of the
Constitation, 1848, Svo : see No. 10. 4. Sub Rege Sacerdos :
Comments on Bp. Hampden's Case, 1848, 8vo. 5. Eminent
Etonians, 1850, r. Svo. 6. Battle of Waterloo, 1S52, 12mo.
7. Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World : Marathon to
Waterloo, 1852, Svo ; 9th ed., 1S5S. 8. Invasions and Pro-
jected Invasions of England from the Saxon Times, 1852,
Svo. 9. History of the Ottoman Turks. 1856. 2 vols. Svo,
10. Rise and Progress of the English Constitution, 1856,
Svo. This is the 3d ed. of No. 3.
"Ao admirable summary of knowledge, which every well-edu-
cated Englishman ought to possess."- — Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Creech, Rev, Thomas, 1659-1701, Fellow of All
Souls* College. Trans, of Lucretius, Oxf., 1682, Svo; best
ed., Glasgow, 1759, 12mo.
" Creech's Lucretius, the notes included, is a great performance."
— Hartley Colerihge.
Trans, of Horace, 1684. Creech also pub. translations
from Theocritus, Ovid, Plutarch, Juvenal, and others.
Creech committed suicide, which rash act JacoVj ascribes
to his splenetic temper.
But Mr. Malone has proved that Creech had previously
exhibited marks of insanity. See Biog. Brit.
*' Creech is a much better translator than ho is usually supposed
and allowed to he. lie is a nervous and vigorous writer: and
many parts not only of his Lucretius, but of his Theocritus and
Horace, (though now decried,) have not been excelled by other
translators. One of his pieces may be pronounced excellfut: his
translation of the thirteenth satire of .7uvena] ; equal to any that
Pryden has given us of that author." — Db. Warton, — an un-
doubted judge.
A Step to Oxford — an Essay on Creech's Suicide — was
pub., Lon.. 1700, 4to.
Creech, William, 1745-1815, an eminent bookseller
of Edinburgh. Trial of Brodie and Smith, Edin., 1789,
4to. Edinburgh Fugitive Pieces, Edin., 1791, Svo; new
ed., 1815, Svo.
Creea, Cary E. Of Pembroke's Statues, 1731, 4to.
Creed, \Vm. 1. Refutcr. 2. Sermon. 3. Sermon,
Lon.. 1600.
Creflield, Edward. Thcolog. treatises, 1711-77.
Creichton, Capt. John. Memoirs of, from his own
materials ; drawn up nnd digested by Dean J. Swift, 1731.
By the Dean's intere^t in this work, £200 was secured to
the aged soldier. See an interesting account of the work
in the Lou. Retrosp. Review, v. 238.
Creigh, Alfred, b. ISIO. in Penna. Masonry and
Anti-Masunry, Svo. Analytical Text Book for the Ma-
sonic Student, 12rao.
Creighton, H. Ruins of Gour, 1817, r. 4to.
Creisfhton, J. C. Acts relating to Insolvent Debtors,
DubL. 1841, Svo.
Creighton, James. Origin of true Religion, Lon.,
1803, Svo. Fenelon's Dialogues on Eloquence, trans, by
Simpson ; new ed., 1808, Svo.
Creighton, or Crighton, Robert, 1593-1672, edu-
_cated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Bishop of Bath and
Wells, 1670, trans. Sylvester Syguropolus's History of the
Council of Florence "from Greek into Latin, Hague, 1660.
Wood stntes thnt he hnd s(»me sermons in print.
Creighton, Robert, D.D.. 1639-1736, son of the
above, pub. a vol. of Sermons in 1720. lie was quite fa-
mous for skill in Church Music. The celebrated anthem
for four voices, " I will arise and go to my Father," pub.
by Dr. Boyce, is the composition of Dr. Creighton.
Cresncr, A. Vindication of, Lon., 1687, 4to.
Cresseiier, Drue, D.D. Judgments of God on the
R. Catholic Church, Lon., 1689, 4to. Demonstration of
the First Principles of the Protestant Applications of the
Apocalypse, 1690, 4to.
'* A work full of instruction and copious testimonies from the
Romanists." — Bicker.steth.
Cresset, Edward, d. 1754. Bishop of Llandaff, 1748.
Serm., Ps. Ixvi. 7, L(.n.. 1749. 4to ; 2 Tim. ii. 9. 1753, 4to.
Cressey, or Cressy, Hugh Pauliu de, or Sere-
nns, 1605-1674, a native of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Fellow
of Merton College, Oxford, 1626, took holy orders, and
became chaplain to Thomas, I-ord Wtntworth, and subse-
quently to Lucius, Lord Falkland, who promoted him to
the deanery of Laughlin, and a canonry of Windsor, which
the troubles of the times prevented his enjoying. He
travelled in Italy, and in 1646, whilst at Rome, embraced
the Roman Catholic religion. He resided for seven or
more years in the College of Douay, where he changed his
name to Serenus de Cressey. After the Restoration he
came to England, and became chaplain to Queen Cathe-
rine. Shortly before his death he retired to Grinstead in
Sussex.
Exaraologesis, or a faithful Narrative of the Conversion
unto Catholique Unity, of Hugh Paulin, lately Deane of
Laglilin in Ireland, and Prebend of Windsoro in England,
Paris, 1647, sni. Svo ; 1653, Svo. The last ed. contains an
answer to J. P., author of the preface to Lord Falkland's
work on Infidelity.
*' His Kxamoloj^esis was the golden calf which the Enslish
Papists fell down and worshipped. They brag'd that book to be
unanswerable, and to have given a total overthrow to the Chil-
lingworthians, and book and tenets of Lucius, Lord Falkland." —
Athen. Oxmi.
" Among the Catholic writers in the reign of Charles the Second,
none was more distinguished thau Hugh Paul Cressy. The fruit
of his studies appeared in his Examoloj;esis." — Charles Butler.
Sancta Sophia, Douay, 1657, 2 vols. Svo: see Bakeri
David. R. C. Doctrines no Novelties, 1663, Svo. Church
Hist, of Brittany, or England, from the beginning of
Christianity to the Norman Conquest, Roan, 1668, fol. ;
completed only to about 1350. Vol. ii. was unfinished
when the author died. This is compiled principally from
the Annales Ecclesiso Britannicin of jMichael Alporp,
q. v., vols. i. and ii. of Monast. Anglic, the Decem Scrip-
tores Hist. Anglicana?,and the collections of David Baker,
q. v., et Athen. Oxon.
Cressey has been blamed, particularly by Lord Clarendon,
for introducing the accounts of so many miracles and
monkish stories into this history; but Wood excuses him
as follows :
" Yet let this be said of him. that for as much that he doth
mostly quote his authors for, and k-aves what he says to the judg-
ment of the readers, he is to be exciised. and in the meantime to
be commended for his grave and good stile, proper for an ecclesias-
tical historian." — Athen. Oxon.
Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love. Fanaticism fana-
tically imputed to the Catholic Church, by Dr. Stillingfleet,
and the imputation refuted and retorted, 1672, Svo. Ques-
tion, Why are you a Catholic ? with the Answer; Why are
you a Protestiint? an Answer attem])ted in vain, Lon.,
1672, Svo. Answer to Dr. Stlllingfleet's Idolatry practised
in the Church of Rome, 1674, 8vo. The Earl of Claren-
don came to the rescue in a Vindication of Dr. Stilling-
fleet. This elicited Cressey 's Epistle Apologetical to a
Person of Honour, touching his Vindication of Dr. Stil-
lingfleet, 1674, Svo. Cressey jnib. an Answer to Bagshaw,
1662, a Letter and Remarks upon the Oaths of Supremacy
and Allegiance. Clarendon had been his acquaintance at
Oxford, and lamented his change of religion :
" If we cannot keep him a minister of our cluuch. I wish he
would continue a layman in theirs, which wmiM snmi.\\hat lessen
the defection, and, it may be, preserve a great. -r pMrtiou of bis in-
nocence."— Letter to Earle: see State Papers, Oxf., 177o, vol. ii.322,
and Bliss's "Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii, lOlG.
Cresswell, C. See Barnewall, R. V.
Cresswell, Daniel, D.D., 1776-1844, Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge. Linear Perspective, Camb.,
1811, Svo. Maxima and Minima, 1S16. Svo, 1822. Sphe-
rics, 1816, Svo. Sup. to the Elements of Euclid, LS22, Svo.
Treatise of Geometry. 1S22, Svo. Sermons on Domestic
Duties. Lon., 1829, 12mo.
Cresswell, R. N. Cases of Insolv. Debtors, Lon.,
1830, Svo.
Cresswell, Thos. E, Narrative of his Affair with
Miss S ce, 1747, Svo.
CressAvick. The Female Reader; pieces in prose and
verse, Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Cressy, H. P. de. See Cressey.
CressAVell, Jos. Elizabetha; Angliae, Reginae Res-
ponsio ad Edictum, Romn, 1593, 4to.
"^Vritten to ptove the lawfulness of rising against an heretic
prince." — Lowndeh.
Cresy, Edward, Architecture of the Middle Ages
of Italy, Lon., imp. 4to. Treatise on Bridges, Vaults, <tc.,
1839, fol. Analytical Index to Hope's Architecture, Svo.
Encyclopedia of Civil Engineering. Historical, Theoreti-
cal, and Practical. Illustrated by upwards of 3000 engrav-
ings on wood, by R. Branston, pp. 1655, Lon., 1847, Svo,
£3 13s. 6d.
"An extremely valuable book, filled with information of the
most important kind to the young engineer." — Lon. Artisan.
4^
CRE
Creuze, A. F, B., editor of the Papers on Naval
Architecture. Treat, on the Theory and Prac. of Naval
Architefture, Edin., 1840, 4to : see Encyc. Brit., 7th edit.
" One of the best, because the clearest and at tho same time most
perfectly comprehensive, disquisitiuns on ship-buildiug."
Crevecoeur, Hector St. John, 1731-18i:),b. at Caen,
Normandy, of a noble family, settled in America, 1754. 1.
Letters from an American Farmer, Phila., 1794; Lon., 1782 :
flee Edin. Rev., Oct. 1829: Ayscough, Saml. Trans, into
French, 2 edits., Paris, 1,784, '87. 2. Voyage dans le Ilaut
Pcnnsylvanie et dans I'Etat de New York, par un Membre
Adoptif de la Nation Oneida. Paris, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo.
Crewdson, Isaac. A Beacon to the Society of
Friends, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
"An admirable work.'"— Low si>E3.
Crewe, Charles H. Seven weeks in the West, Lon.,
1841, 12mo. Doctrine of the N. Test, on Prayer, ISmo.
The System behind the Age, 1846, 12mo.
Crewe, Thomas. Nosegay of Moral Philos., Ac.,
Lon., 1580, ate.
Crewe, or Crew, Sir Thomas. Proceedings and
Debates in the House of Commons, Lon., 1707, 8vo.
Creyghton, Robert, D.D. See Ckeighton.
Crilib, William. Med. Treatise, Lon., 1773, 8vo.
Crichton, Alexander, M.D. Ment.al Derangement,
Lon., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Table of Diseases, 1805. Tar as
a cure for Pulmonary Consumption, 1818. Arnica Mon-
tana ; the Lichislandieus ; in Med. Jour., vol. x.
Crichton, Sir A. M. Commentaries on some Doc-
trines of a dangerous tendency in Medicine, Lon., 1842, 8vo.
Crichton, Andrew. Converts from Infidelity, being
vols. vi. and vii. of Constable's Miscellany.
" These vols, amply Ulustr.Tte the truth of Abp. Sharpe's asser-
tion, that the best evidences of Christianity mij^ht be obtained
from the death-bed." — Loioiides^s Brit. Lib.
Koch's Revolutions of Europe; from the French, 3 vols.
ISmo.
" A most usefid work, and written with much care.' — IIeehex.
History of Arabia, Ancient and Modem, 1848, 2 vols.
sm. 8vo.
'■ We recommend this able and elaborate work to our readers,
as the only one in the Knglish lan^masie to which they can refer
with the expectation of obtaining.' satisfactory information on the
history and national character of the .\rabs." — Lon. Mnnthly Fev.
Scanilinavia, Ancient and Modern; being a History of
Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, by A. Crichton and Henry
Wheaton, author of the Hist, of the Northmen, Ac, 2 vols,
sm. Svo ; 2d ed., 1848.
" To the student of our own early records, this work will prove
a T.aluable auxiliary." — Asintic Journal.
" A complete account of its subject." — Lon. Spectator.
Crichton, James, " Tho Admirable," can hardly
claim much space as an author, but shall not be altogether
omitted. His birth has been generally placed in 1551, but
Lord Buchan has decided that he was born in August,
1560. His lord.ship also settles upon .July, 1582, as the
time of his death. He was the son of Robert Crichton,
Lord Advocate of Scotland, and was descended by his
mother, a Stuart, from King Robert II. After studying
at the Perth, and at the University of St. Andrew's, and
"acquiring a knowledge of ten languages, and all the
sciences when 16 to 20 years of age," (!) he travelled
abroad, and visiting Paris, Venice, Rome, Ac, challenged
the Rabbi of the different universities to learned disputa-
tions upon any subject whatever. He was killed, it is
said, in a rage of jealousy, — a lady, of course, being the
exciting cause, — by Vincentio, his pupil, a son of Gonzaga,
Duke of Mantua. Those who would know more of one
of the most remarkable characters of history, must con-
sult the works of Sir Thomas Urquhart, Bayle, Joannes
Iniperialis, Francis Douglas, Patrick Fraser Tytler, and
the article by Dr. Kippis in the Biog. Brit., partially com-
piled from a MS. drawn up by the Earl of Buchan, for the
Society of Antiquaries at Edinburgh. In the Biog. Brit,
will be found four Latin Poems, the only literary remains
of the Admirable Crichton.
" The.se will not exhibit him in a very high point of view,
{^ome foncy, perhaps, may be thought to be displayed in tho
longest of his poems, which was written on occasion of his ap-
proach to the city of Venice. . . . The other three poems have still
less to recommend them. Indeed his verses will not stand the test
of a rigid examination, even with regard toiiuanlity." — Biog. Brit.
Crichton was as celebrated for his personal beatity, and
his skill in fencing, drawing, and other polite accomplish-
ments, as for his marvellous erudition. Joannes Iniperia-
lis, an ItJilian biographer, cannot say enough in his praise:
"What can more exceed our comprehension, than that Crich-
ton, in the twenty-first year of his age, should be m.TSter of ten
different languages, and perfectly well versed in philosophy, ma-
thematics, theology, polite literature, and Jill other sciences? Be-
sides, was it ever heard, in the whole compass of the globe, that to
*50
■--.4. CRI
these extraordinarv endowments of the mind, should be added a
singular skill in fencing, dancing, singing, riding, and in every
exen-ise of the gymnastic art!" . ,. . ,
This is sufficiently high-flown, but Impenahs has not
done with us yet; for he goes on to declare that when
Crichton died, . ^ .. » .
" The report of so sad a catastrophe was spread to tlie remotest
parts of the earth; that it disturbed univers.al Nature: and that
in her grief for the loss of the Wonder she had produced, she
threatened never more to confer such honour upon mankind.
The last paragraph is not to be disputed. Certainly the
world has since seen no such Phoenix ! AVe should not
omit to mention that Crichton's tract of Epicedium lUus-
trissimiietreverendissimi Cardinalis Boromei, Mcdiolani,
1584, 4to — so rare that it is asserted there is no other copy
known than that in the Sapienza College at Rome— was
reprinted in 1S25 by a distinguished book-collector for pri-
vate distribution. 25 copies were struck off on paper, and
one on vellum.
Crighton, Robert. See Creighton.
Crimniin, I>. M. Diss, upon Rhetoric, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Crimsall, Richard. Cupid's Solicitor of Love, with
sundry Compliments, Lon., 12mo.
Crine. Management of the Gout, 1758, Svo.
Cripps, Henry W. Reports, 1849-50. Laws relating
to the Church and Clergy, Lon., 1845, Svo; 2d ed., 1850.
'■ Mr. Cripps has taken the happy ria media between too copious
and elaborate a Codex of Church Law on the one side, and a txtile
mecum of it, in a too abstract and narrow consideration, ott the
other.'— 3 i.i/.JVr. 5.151.
Cririe, James, D.D. Scottish Scenery; or Sketches
in Verse, Ac, Lon., 1803, 4to. ^
Crisp, J. The Conveyancer's Guide, or Law Student 3
Recreation, a Poem, 3d ed., Lon., 1835, 12mo. Mr. Crisp
is a wag. He here teaches the principles of Conveyancing
in Hudibrastic verse! He insists that Poetry is the ori-
ginal language of the Law ! Every lawyer must have it.
Crisp, John. Nature of Vision, Lon., 1796, Svo.
Crisp, Samuel, son of Tobhas. Christ made Sin,
Lon., 1691, 4to. New ed., 1832, 2 vols. Svo. See Crisp,
TOBHS. , , ., ,
" With mxich earnestness we recommend this masterly defence
of Dr. Crisp, written by his son; happy such a father, and blessed
is such a progeny !"' — Lon. Gtjspd Mag.
Christ Alone Ex.alted in Dr. Tobias Crisp's Sermons ; in
answer to Mr. D. Williams's Prof, to his Gospel Truth
stated, Lon., 1693, 4to.
Crisp, Samnel. Two Theolog. Letters, Lon., 1795, Svo.
Crisp, Stephen, a Quaker. Charitable Advice, Lon.,
1688, 4to. Serms. or Declarations, 1693, 'S4, 3 vols. Svo.
A Word in due season, 4to.
Crisp, Tobias, D.D., 1600-1642, a native of London,
studied at Eton and Cambridge, and afterwards removed
to Balicd College, Oxford. He became Rector of Brink-
worth. Wiltshire, in 1627. In 1642 he removed to London
to escape " the insolencies" of the Cavaliers, who disliked
his puritanical principles and republican tendencies.
" Where [in London] his opinions [ Antinomiau] being soon dis-
covered, he was baited by 52 opponents in a grand dispute concern-
ing freeness of the grace of God in ,Jesus Christ to poor sinners,
&c. By which encounter, which was eagerly managed on his part,
he contracted a disease that brought him to his grave."— ^(/len.
Oxon.
Surely 52 opponents were too much for a mortal man !
Some good old bishop used to say that when a man en-
gaged in controversy, he might bid adieu to peace. If,
then, one disputant can rob us of peace, 52 would soon fin-
ish the most robust! The principal parties in this contro-
versy were Williams, Edwards, Lorimer, &c. against Crisp,
and Chauncey Mather, Lohb, ic. on his side. Crisp loft
them to carry on the war — ho died in 1642 — and it was
maintained for seven years. After his death 14 of his
serms. were pub. under the title of Christ Alone Exalted,
1643, Svo; 17 serms. do., 1644, Svo; 11 serms. do., 1646;
2 serms. do., 1683, Svo. Christ made sin, Lon., 1691, 4to.
New ed., with Explanatory Notes and a Memoir by Dr.
Gill, 1832, 2 vols. Svo. See an account of this celebrated
controversy in Bogue's Hist, of the Dissenters, and in Nel-
son's Life of Bishop Bull. See Crisp, Samuel, aa(e. The
Dr. seems to have been a most excellent man, however
erroneous may have been his views.
'• Ills life was so innocent and harmless from all evil, so zealous
and fervent in all good, th.at it seemed to be designed as a practiMl
confutation of the slander of those who would insinuate that his
doctrine tended to licentiousness." — Lancaster.
" He was much followed for his edifying manner of preaching,
and fur his great hospitalitv." — Neal.
"One of the first patrons of Calvinism run mad.'— Bojue ana
Bennett's Hifteiry of the Dissenters.
"Crisp's statements are not scripturally guarded, and their ten-
dency is to weaken the abomin.ation of sin."— Bickersteth : Cin-ilh
tian StiuUnt. .
" Crisp s woi'ks, with explanatory notes by Dr. Gill, have m them
CRI
^m^iZ ^!;'"„"'"'f "*■ «="«l'«",'^.e »i>a ftults. What is exception- I
thi\,llhZ:-^ ^^ H " unqi^lified expressions, rather (ban from
the author s mam des.gn. '-Dr. E. Williams : CT,ni(ta I'r.acher.
Crispe, Samnel, of Bungay. Serm.,Lon., 1686, 4to.
•94 ":''*'' ^^°"'^^- Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1682,
Crispin, Gilbert, d. 1114 or im, a noble Noraan,
was brought to England by Lanfrane, who made him Abbot
of Westminster, which dignity he is said to have enjoyed
for 32 years— until his death. Two of his works were
printed.^ 1. De Fide Eoclosia contra Juda-os; Tide Sanct
Anselmi opera, fob, Parisiis, 1721, pp. 512-544. 2. Vita
Aof^% >' Beccensis abbatis primi et conditoris; vide
Acta Sanctorum, <tc., Paris, 1701, fob
"5Iost of the treatises ascrihed by Cave and others to r.ilhert
Crispin belong to other persons of the name of OilCrt "-.rlw''
Bu^. Brd. Lit. ; q. v. et Leland, Bale, Pits, Tanner ^
1795"!™ "*■"" '''*"'^"- P^^t'O"! Sketches, Lon.,
'rritTp,wl?n' «"lv' '^r'''^'":'^'"'' "<'ri'-"-'K'«'s Bihl. Brit.
Crittenden, S.yV. Treatise on Book-Keeping, Phila.,
r. Svo, and school edit., Phila. f e,>'- ""«•,
"The elementary portion is simple, clear, comprehensive and
Croce, Giovanni. Musica .Sacra, 16IIS, 6 Pts "For
a full, lofty, and sprightly vein ho was second to none "
bee Peacham's Compleat Gentleman
Crocker, Abr. Theological, educational, and other
works. Elements of Land-Survcying, 1805, 12mo- new
ed., by T. (1. Bunt, 1842, p. Svo. '
Crocker, Hannah Mather, grand-daughter of the
Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, (p„»t.) and wid,.w of Joseph
Crocker of Taunton. Mass. 1. Letters on Free Ma-
sonry, 1815; with a Preface by Th.addeus Mason Harris,
D.B., who urged the republication of these letters, which
originally appeared in a newsp.aper in 1810 2 The
School of Reform : Seaman's Safe Pilot to the Cape of
Good Hope, by the Seaman's Friend. X Observations on
fte Rights of Woman, 181S. This vol. is dedicated to
^Zm-'""'?^ f'?- ^{"^ ^""'^''' ''«" "P -^ statement
respecting the history of Madam Knight, the schoolmis-
tress of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, (see p. 1040, «o./,) which
can be seen in the library of the Antiquarian Society of
Worcester, Mass. See Bost. Living Age, No. 735, June
,Sj°,%^'^^'^^^"^"^- Catastrophe of the Pres. Church,
Crocket, G. F. H. Abolition of Cap. Punishment,
Georgt., Kentucky, 1823. '
Crockett, Col. David. E.'tploits in Texas, 12mo
Tour Down East, 12mo. Autobiography, 12mo. Sketches
and Eccentricities of. Song Book onercnes
to V8,"l™':,"i8?o: ft;. ^''= ^'""'"''° '^ ^"™p^' p"'' 1
Crocus, atiglicd Choke.
4 v^fs"'^'' '*''*■ ^"'''^'"^'''''^ Castle; a Nov., Lon., 1800,
Croft, G. The Christian Instructor, Lon., 1S25, ]2mo
1„„ n V *',''°^f''',^-^" l"i7-lS09, Fellow of Univ. CoU
lege, Oxford. Theolog. work.s, Lon., 1781-1811. Eight
faerms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1786, Oxf., 1786 Svo
the „?. 'f ■" *'"'«^rt, d. 1 622, became a R. citholie .at
the age of o2, and entered the monastery of the English
Benedictines at Douay, where he resided until his death
1. Letters persuasive to his Wife and Children in En-l.and
to take upon them the Catholic Religion. 2. Arguments;
t ,. , *"'''? '" ""= Answer of his daughter, (M.arv
which she made to a paper of his, Douay, circa 1619, 12mo
Eight copies printed. See Athen. Oxon
. Croft, Herbert, D.D., 1603-1601. son of the preced-
ing, was educated .at the English College at St Oiner's
returned to England in 1622,lbjured Romanism aiTen:
ered the Church of England. Prebendary of Salisbury,
Tbl Nnke"? T "r'^°'-'''l««; Bishop of Hereford, 1691
The Naked Truth ; or the True State of the Primitive
pro;'e"'hat'pro"' f"' '"'? '"'''''' "' '"^'^ book was lo
^S:: sptrit'^runTty!' ''"'" ^ essentials and should ehe-
"If drewtheeyesofallthatcould look imnn if t*„,„« a- •
drew Marvel! defended him. See Athen. Oxon Scrms ,
fJwV. ifis. .^'"•■'t''"''™"'? ^'- Burnet's Theory of the
Earth, 1685, 4to. Legacy to his Diocese, or a short deter-
mination of all controversies we have with the Papists by
Uods Holy Word; being three serms. on John v. 39, &c
CRO
I^^ i'l"r?u 'S" """"^ '°<"'^»tes the zeal of the bishop on
behalf of the Protestant cause. He takes pains to reaffirm
his principles in the preamble to his Will •
hJt'h y° '" "" "J"™'''? ""DDfr most heartily thank Ood, that he
^os^l To reTfl /"r '°"" -I P'r',"'*' ''^ *'"'' "Sbt of his most holy
gospel to recall me from the darkness of gross errors and Donish
supers itions mo which I was seduced in my youngerdavs and
to settle me again in the true ancient Catholic aid Apo.stolic fatth
professed l^ our Church of England, in which I was horn and S
taed, [his father embraced Romanism after his son's birth,] andS
Croft, Sir Herbert, 1751-1816, of the same family
as the above, a native of London, was educated at Univer
sity College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law at Lin-
coln s Inn. In 1782 he took holy orders, and in 1797 he
succeeded to a baronetcy. A Brother's Advice to his Sis-
ters, 1775, 12mo. LoveandMadness, 1780,5m. Svo. This
was founded upon the murder of Miss Ray, by Hackman.
Fanaticism and Treason, 1780, Svo. The Literary Fly
1780. Other works. In 1792 he issued proposals for an
enlarged edit, of Johnson's Dictionary, with 20,000 words
added and errors corrected. To be pub. in four large folios
at £12 12s! We have the original prospectus before us,
Md a curious affair it is. The work w.as never completed
He wrote the life of Young, in Johnson's English Poets.
The Doctor thus honourably mentions his assistant-
"The following Life w.as written, at my request, by a gentle-
man who had better information than I could easilv h.are ob-
tained: and the pul.Iick will perhaps wish that I h.ad solicited
and obtained more such favours from him."
See BosweU's Johnson, and Memoir of Croft in Gent.
Mag., May, 1816, p. 470, and Dec. 4, p 4S7
Croft, Jolin. 1. Wines, 1787, York, 8vo. 2. Scrap-
cana; liigitive Miscellany, 1792, Svo. 3. E.xoerpta An-
iqua, Svo. 4. Annotations on Plays of Shakspeare.
(Johnson and Steevens's ed.,) 1810, Svo.
Croft, Robert. Loyal Officer, Lon., 1663 4to
Croft, Robert? Terrestrial Paradise; in verso and
prose, 1639.
Croft, Thomas. Funl. serm.. Lon., 1711 Svo
Croft, William, Mus. Doc, 1677-1727, a'celebrated
composer of Cathedral Music, organist of Westminster
Abbey. Divme Harmony, 1712, anon. Musicus, Ac,
17lD. Musica Sacra, 1724, 2 vol.s.fol. This beautiful work
IS the first that was stamped on pewtor plates and in score.
Vol. 1st contains the Burial Service, left unfinished by
Purcell. See Hawkins's History of Music ; Burney's ditto
Crolton, Dennis. Genesis and Geology; or an in-
vestigation into the reconciliation of the modern doctrines
of Geology, with the declarations of Scripture ; with an
Introduction by Edward Hitchcock, D.D., LL.D., Boston
1853, 16uio, pp. 100. '
Crofton, Zachary, d. 1672 ? a native of Ireland ob-
tained the living of St. Botolph, Aldgat«, London ; rejected
or i\(,nconformity, 1662. He pub. a number of theolog.
(controversial) and other treatises, 1660-63. His Dis-
course of Patronage appeared in 1675.
Crofts, John. Piety and Courage: a serm., 1S13, 12mo
Crofts, Robert. The Lover, or Nuptial Love, writ-
ten by Robert Crofts to ple.vse himselfe, Lon., 1638, ISmo
Crockatt, Gilbert. Letter to Lady Shovell, 1708 Svo
Crokc, Alexander, LL.D. Report of Case of Hor-
ner vs. Liddiard, Lon., 1800, Svo. Argument in Case of
the Hendrick and Maria, 1800, Svo. Remarks on Schle-
gel's work upon the Visitation of Neutral Vessels under
Convoy, 1801, Svo.
Crokc, Sir Alexander. A Genealogical Hist, of
the Croke Family, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, £7 7.. Prot-ress
of Idolatry and other Poems, 1841. 2 vols. Svo. Schola
Salernitan.a, by G. D. Milano ; with an Eng. trans., intro-
duction, and notes; by Sir A. C, p. Svo.
" How popular this ancient poem must have been, we mav infer
Irom Its having passed through ItX.i editions. It is republished
now as a bibliographical curiositv; but Sir A. Croke has. in the
introduction and notes, gathered together so many interesting
tacts, that the volume will be welcomed for itselt as well as tre^
sured as a curiosity." — Athevmim.
Essay on the Origin, Progress, and Doctrine of Rhym-
ing Latin Verse, with many specimens, 1SJ8, p. Svo.
"This is a clever and interesting little volume on an attractive
subject; the leisure work of a scholar and a man of taste"—
British Critic.
Croke, or Crook, Sir George, 1559-1641, educated
^ at University College, Oxford, entered the Inner Temple
and m 1628 succeeded Sir John Doderidge as Justice of
the King's Bench. In 1636 he espoused the part of Hamp-
j den in the ship-money case. Hampden's share, for which
j he went to law, was IS shillings, and Lloyd remarks
i that It cost the nation £18,000,000 ! Report of Select
4BI
CRO
CRO
Cases in the C. of K. B. and C. P. temp. Eliz., Jas. I. aud
Chas. I. ; Freueh, Lon., 1657-61. 3 vols. fol. ; 2d ed., with-
out references, 1669, 3 vols. fol. ; 3d ed. iu English, by
Croke's son-in-law, Sir Harbottle Grimstone, with many
references, &c., 1683-85, 3 vols. fol. j 4th ed., with notes
and references to later authorities, by Thos. Leach, 1790-
92, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Abridgt. of the Cases temp. Chas. I.,
165S, 8vo. Abridgt. by Wm. Hughes, 1665, 8vo.
"A work of credit and celebrity among the old reporters, and
which has sustained its character in every succeeding age."' —
Chancellor Kent.
There has been some dissent to this opinion, but Mr.
"Wallace's explanation of the matter appears to us to be
satisfactory. See Wallace's Reporters, 23; Marvin's Le-
gal Bib., 240 ; Brooks's Bib, Leg., 212 ; Reeves's Hist., 240.
Croke, John. RelatJones Casuum Selectorum ex
libris. Rob. Kielwey et alias Relationes per Gul. Dali-
son et Gul. Bendlues, Lou., 1633, fol.
Croke, Richard, {in Latin, Crocus,) d. 1558, a na-
tive of London, was educated at Eton and King's College,
Cambridge. He was Greek Professor at Leipsie, at Lou-
vain, and subsequently at Oxford. He was sent by
Henry VIII. to intluence the University of Padua to
favour the divorce of the king. His letters to Henry may
be seen in Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation. Croke pub.
several treatises, among which are Introductiones ad Gra;-
cam Linguam, Cologn., 1520, 4to, and Orationes. 1520, 4to.
Croker, Rev. Henry Temple. Bower detected
as an Historian, Lou., 1758, 8vo. Experimented Magnet-
ism, 1761, 8vo. The Complete Diet, of Arts and Sciences,
3 vols, fol., 1769. Superseded by later compilations.
Croker, Rt. Hon. John Wilson, D.C.L., 1780-
1857, a native of the county of Galway, Ireland, but of
English descent, was one of the most prominent literary
characters of his day. He died at the house of Sir William
Whiteman, at St. Alban's-bank, Hampton, near London.
He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, called to the
Bar in 1807, and from that time to 1832 occupied a seat iu
the House of Commons. From 1809 to '30 he was Secre-
tary to the Admiralty, and in 1828 was sworn of the Privy
Council. His opposition to the Reform Bill, and his decla-
ration that he would never sit in a Reformed House of
Commons, has enabled him to devote more attention to
literary pursuits. His first publication, Familiar Epistles
to Frederick E. Jones, Esq., on the Irish Stage, Dubl.,
1804, two edits, in the year, displayed that satirical power
which is so conspicuous in his articles in the Quarterly
Review — originated in 1809 by Scott, Canning, and Croker.
In that valuable, if not altogether amiable, ingredient in
reviewing, sarcasm, Mr. Croker is thought not to have been
a whit behind the great Giftbrd himself.
"John Wilson Croker more than approached the editor in par-
castic sallies aud biting wit: he gave early proofs of such powers
in his poem on the Irish stage ; intimated talents active and argu-
mentative in his speeches; and a poetic feeling and spirit approach-
ing Scott in his Peninsular battles. To his pen, many articles full
of political wormwood are attributed; and also sonie'of the papi-rs
on America, which were not received in a tone of thankfulness l\v
the men of the West."— Allan Cc.vninguam : £if>g. and Crit. msi.
of Lit. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1S53.
Mr. C.'s next publication was An Intercepted Letter
fVom Canton. This is a satirical picture of the city of
Dublin. To this succeeded Songs of Trafalgar; The Bat-
tle of Talavera ; Sketch of Ireland, Past and Present ; Let-
ters on the Naval War with America; Stories from the
History of England. This work (of which 30,000 to 40,000
copies have been sold) was the model of Sir Walter Scott's
Tales of a Grandfather.
" A good thought came in my head— to write stories for little John-
nie Lockhart, from the History of Scotland, like those t;tken finm
the History of Koglaud. But I will not write mine quite so simply
as Croker has done. I am persuaded both children and the lower
class of readers hate books which are written down to their capa-
city, and love those that are composed for their elders and betters."
We wish that the authors of some modern juvenile books
would ponder the above.
Sir Walter presented a copy of the First Series to Mr.
Croker, with the following note :
" My Dear Croker,—! have been stealing from you.and as it seems
the tashion to compound felony, I send you a samplt- of the swa>^,
by way of stopping your mouth. . . . Always yours. W. Scott."*
Mr. Croker has also aided educators and their pupils
by his excellent Progressive Geography for Children,
which a high authority commends as
"The best elementary book on the subject." — Lnn. Quart. Rev.
We continue the enumeration of Mr. Croker's works:
Reply to the Letters of Malachi Malagrowther ; The Suf-
folk Papers; Military Events of the French Revolution
of 1830; trans, of Bassonipicrrc's Embassy to England;
Hervey's Memoirs of the Court of George the Second,
now first pub. from the Originals at Ickworth.
"I know of no such near and intimate picture of the interior
of a court. No other Memoir that I have read brings us so im-
mediately, so actually into not merely the presence, but the com-
pany, of the personages of the royal circle. Lord Hervey is, I may
venture to say, almost the Boswell of George II. and Queen Caro-
liue." — 3Ir. CrohEr''s Preface.
The mention of Boswell naturally introduces a notice
of the maijnum opus of Mr. Croker — the production by
which he is bust known to the popular literary circles —
bis edit, of BosweU's Johnson. This work has been already
noticed at length in our article upon Boswell. The reader
will there see that Mr. Macaulay does not indulge iu rap-
turous plaudits of Mr. Croker's valuable labours, and the
latter has returned Mr. Macaulay's compliments in his re-
view in the Quarterly of The History of England from
the Accession of James II. An answer to Mr. Croker's
charge of "partial selection" and "misrepresentation of
facts" will be found in the " Edinburgh." It is not pleasant
to dwell upon these family quarrels ; for surely those who
zealously labour for the intellectual advancement of tho
race may be properly said to constitute one family. With
the exception of contributions to the Quarterly Review,
Mr. Croker published nothing for many years. At the
time of his death he was engaged in the preparation of an
edition of the works of Alexander Pope, iu connexion with
Mr. Peter Cunningham, which was announced by Mr,
Murray. Mr. Cunningham continues the editorship, (see
p. 461,/)o«(.) Essays on the Early Period of the French
Revolution, by tho late Rt. Hon. John AVilson Croker;
reprinted from the Quar. Rev., with Additions and Cor-
rections, 1857, 8vo. He also edited Lady Hervey's Letters,
Walpole's Letters to Lord Hertford, and was the author
of several lyrical jjoems of merit.
Croker, Capt. Richard. Travels through Seve-
ral Provinces of Spain and Portugal, Ac., Lon., 1799,
8vo.
'' An entertaining and, in some parts, instructive performance."—*
Lon. Month!;/ litvtew, 1790.
Croker, Thomas. Knavish Merchant, 1661, 4to.
Croker, Thomas Crofton, d. 1854, aged 57, a po-
pular author, has done much to illustrate the Irish cha-
racter and the Antiquities of the country. Researches in
the South of Ireland, Lon., 1824, 4to. This volume con-
tains a large amount of valuable information respecting
the manners and superstition of the Irish Peasantry,
Scenery, Architectural Pteniains, &c.
Fairy Legends and Trailitions of the South of Ireland,
1825. This edit, contains contributions — which were sub-
sequently omitted — by Maginn, Pigot, Humphreys, and
Keightlcy. Legends of the Lakes, 1828; new edit, ar-
ranged as a Tour to the Lakes, 1853, Daniel O'Rourke,
1828. Barney Mahoney, 1832. My Village versus Our
Village, 1832. Tour of M. BouUaye Le Gouz iu Ireland,
1844. The Popular Songs of Ireland, 1839.
" Each is accompanied by its history tVom the competent pen of
Crofton Croker, than whom no man kuows more of the poetic su-
perstitions and the manners aud mytholopy of Ireland."
"A volume of sin{;;ular interest and curiosity. It is even more
than this — it is a publication of real value, as illustrative of the
past aud present condition, both mental and moral, of the most
singular people of the world. At the same time, it is, as a collec-
tion of vocal compositions, full of the graces and beauty of which
that class of poetry is so eminently susceptible."— iwi.A'arai and
Military GazHte.
Mr. Croker pub. in 1838. 2 vols. 8vo, the Memoirs of
Joseph Holt, General of the Irish Rebels in 171*8, edited
from his original MSS. in the possession of Sir William
Betham.
" These Memoirs are wild, eccentric, and adventurous." — Lfm.
Ntw Monthly Magazine.
"AVe hi-arti!y recommend the general and his editor (whose
notes in themselves are copious and interesting) to our readers."
— Lmi. Athcncvinn.
"Of Crnftou Croker it may truly be said, as of his countryman,
Oliver Goldsmith, Jtullum tttigit (pi,nd non firnavit, (long may he
adorn our literature with such works as the present, before the
compliment can be used in his epitaph!) aud of his coadjutor in
this work, the worthy Ulster Kin^r, that he too has done ixood ser-
vice in preserving these curious records belonging to Irish history.
The work contains adventures of extraordinary and rouiantia
character, aud everybody will read it." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
The reader will find further details of Mr. Croker's lite-
rary life in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for Oct., 1854.
Croker, Walter. A Letter to an M. P., Lon., 1816.
Crole, or Croleus, Robert. See Crowley.
Croly, Rev. (>eo., LL.D.. one of the most voluminous
writers of the day, was b. in Dublin, 1780, and educated at
Trinity College, Dublin. He has been for many years Rec-
tor of St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, London. We classify his
works according to their sul^jects. 1. The Apocalypse of
St. John ; a New Interpretation, Lon., 1827, 8vo.
" An original and powerfully- writ ten volume. . . . The sketch
CRO
CRO
wbk'h completes Ihe volume is evidently the result of great labour
and researrli, and abounds with most important historical infor-
mation.''— liarnf's Introditc.
2. Divine Providence j or the three Cycles of Kevela-
tion. 1S34, 8vo.
'' To I>r. Croly belongs the hi;rh and lasting praise of lending
new forces to the defenders of religion, and adding a new wing to
the temple of the Christian Faith." — Lrm. Gait. Mag.
" Dr. Croly is a man of vivid imagination, but the misfortune is,
that bis imagination runs away with him. His language, there-
fore, is rich and often eloquent; but his ideas are for the most part
quite fanciful and unsound." — British <_yitic, 1S34.
3. The True Idea of Baptism, 1850, Svo. 4. Sermon on
Marriage, 2d ed., 1836, Svo. 5. Sermons on Important
Subjects, 1849, Svo. (As connected with a subject which
excited great interest in England and America, we should
not omit to mention that in 1842 Mr. D. Croly pub. an Index
to the Tracts for the Times ; with Dissertations.) 6. Serms.
preached in the Chapel of the Foundling Hospital, with
others preached in St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, in 1847,
1848, Svo.
"Clearer, more nervous, and in the true sense of the term, sim-
pler, discourses, have not appeared for many years; their style is
in general true Saxon, their m.atter strong, their theology sound
and scriptural." — GiJfiUari's Litt^rary Barlraits.
*J. Speeches on the Papal Aggression. 8. Exposition on
Popery and the Popish Question. 9. The Popish Supre-
macy; two sermons, 1850, Svo. 10. Works of Jeremy
Taylor. With Life and Times of the Author, 1838, 8 vols.
p. Svo.
" A beautiful edition of the best works of this eloquent and ad-
mired author."
11. Scenes from Scripture, with other Poems, 1851, Svo.
"Kmincnt in every mode of literature, I)r. Croly stands, in our
judgment, first among the living poets of Great Britain." — Lon.
Standard.
"An admirable addition to the library of religious families." —
John Bull.
12. Marriage with a deceased Wife's Sister. 13. On the
proposed Admission of Jews into Parliament. 14. Works
of Alex. Pope, with Memoirs. Notes, and Critical Notices
on each Poem, 1835, 4 vols. 12mo. 15. Pride shall have a
Fall ; a Comedy. This is an early production of Mr.
Croly. 16. Catiline, a Tragedy, with other Poems, Svo.
" There can be no doubt that this, whether considered as a
poem or as a drama, is a splendid perfomiance, and one which
must greatly elevate the name of Croly." — Blackwood's Mag.
17. Verse Illustrations to Gems from the Antique, sm.
Svo.
" Mr. Croly's genius is too well known to need our commenda-
tion. We can safely say. that tbi-si- illustrations will add a wreath
to his laurels." — Lon. New Mai^thhj Ma,j.
18. Paris in 1815. and other Pocuis.Svo. (his first work.) 19.
The Angel of the World ; an Arabian Tale, l.'i20. 20. Sebas-
tian ; aSpanish Tale. 21. Poetical Works, 1830, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" Full of lofty imaginings and poetic thought, we will venture
to say, that there is hardly a theme which M r. ( 'r. '\v has not awoke
with a masterly hand, and hardly a sympathy ulji.h he has not
touched, in the great and multifarious range of Kulijects embraced
in these volumes." — Lon. Literary Gcufttf,
22. Beauties of the English Poets, 12mo. 23. The Mo-
dern Orlando; a Poem, 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1855.
" One cannot but regret that Dr. Croly has not carried out his
original purpose of prolonging the poem to a ramble in other cities
and scenes of modern tr.avel. Fragmentary as it now is. it is by
far the best thing of the kind that has been written since Byron."
— Ltm. Literary Gazette.
24. Character of Curran's Eloquence and Politics. 25.
Political Life of the Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke, 1840, 2 vols.
p. Svo.
"_A valuable contribution to our national Ht.T.if ore. an effectual
antidote to revolutionary principles, and .i l]);l^(^•r]y analysis of
the mind and writings of the greatest philosopher and statesman
in our history." — Britantiia.
26. Historical Sketches, Speeches, and Characters, 1842,
p. Svo. 27. Tales of the Great St. Bernard, 3 vols. p. Svo.
28. Year of Liberation in 1813, 2 vols. p. Svo. 29. Sala-
thiel, a Story of the Past, the Present, and the Future,
1827, 3 vols. p. Svo.
" We have risen from the perusal of the volumes before us, just
as we have felt after losing ourselves in the absorbing interest of
Shakspeare's finest tragedy. Every page is instinct with the
energy of passion, or with some glowing picture of romantic gran-
deur—the tender, the affecting, and the pathetic— the ardent, the
heroic, the devoted— all that can excite the highest and most dra-
matic of our feelings. There is, we will venture to predict, in
Salathiel, the germ of perpetuity; it is not destined, like some
other works of imagination, to be read and forgotten."— Xon. Gent.
Magazine.
"One of the most splendid productions among works of fiction
that the age has brought forth."— ion. Mlirtirrnm.
" There are many natural scenes, and passages tender and elo-
quent, but somewhat cold and stately; it abounds in descriptions
on which all the splendours of fancy and language are lavished. .
. . . The author in his poem of ■ May Fair' was more at home; it
contains passages which, for condensed vigour of thought and
langiuage, and sharp severity of rebuke, are not to be paralleled in
the ' Legion Club' of Swift."— ALL.1N Ci'S.ningham : BiOii. and Crit.
Hist, of Lit.
30. Marston; or, The Soldier and Statesman, 1846,
3 vols. p. Svo. 31. The Personal History of King George
the Fourth, 1S30, Svo; 2d ed., 1,«41, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"These volumes have a higher degree of Interest than could
possibly arise from merely tracing the personal career of tJeorge
the Fourth. They are a history of his age; introducing us to all
the great statesmen and wits of that period; aliuuiiriing in rapid
and masterly sketches of character, brilliant reticiiion. and plea-
sant episodes; and embodying all that information current iu the
best-informed circles of the day. which is necessary to be known
if we would thoroughly understand the transactions of the period."
— liritannia.
" Dr. Croly is an almost universal poet. He is grand and gor-
geous, but rarely tender and affectionate; he builds a lofty and
magnificent temple, but it is too cold and stately to be a home for
the heart." — Mrs. H.\li,.
Cromartie, or Cronicrty, George, Earl of. Con-
spiracies of the Earl of Gowry and Robert Logan against
King James VI., and a Vindication of Robert III., <tc.,
E<lin., 1713, Svo. Mosses in Scotland, Phil. Trans., 1710.
Crombie, Alexander, LL.D., 1760-1S42, a native
of Aberdeen, pastor of a Presbyterian congregation in
London, schoolmaster at Highgute, and subsequently at
Greenwich. 1. Philosophical Necessity, Lon., 1793, Svo.
2. Etymology and Syntax of the English Language ex-
plained, 1802, Svo; 4th ed., 1836; adapted to schools by
W. Smith, 1846. 3. Gymnasium, sive Symbola Critica,
1812, 2 vols. Svo; 6th ed., 1834; abridged, 1836, 12mo.
4. Letters on the Agricultural Interest, 1816, Svo. 5. Na^
tural Theology, Lon., 1829, 2 vols. Svo.
" In these volumes Dr. Crombie has presented, as we believe, the
most comprehensive view of the whole science of natural theology
that has hitherto appeared."— io«. QuarUrly Rev. 11. 213: q.v.'ei
vol. xxxix. 6, and Edin. Kev. liv. 147.
Dr. C.'s English Grammar is one of the best in the lan-
guage.
Crombie, John. The Character and OfiBces of Christ
Illustrated by a Comp.arison with the Typical Characters
of the Old Testament, Lon., 1827, Svo.
"Cromliie uses a copious and pleasing diction, and manifests a
devout spirit in the treatment of the several subjects which he
has included in bis comparison." — Lnwnd^'s's Brit. Lib.
Crombie, VVm. The Soul's Progress, Edin., 1768, Svo.
Crome, John. Art of writing Short Hand, Shef.,
1801. In (ioggerel verse.
Cromek, R. H. 1. Reliques of Robert Burns, Lon.,
1808, Svo. 2. Select Scottish Songs, ancient and modern,
with observations and notices by Koljcrt Burns; edit, by
R. H. C, 1810, Svo. 3. Remains of Nithsdale and Gallo-
way, Song, 1810, Svo.
" A faithful poi-trait unadorned
Of manners lingering yet in Scotia's vales."
But, unfortunately, most of these venerable remains were
composed by Allan Cunningham.
Cromerty, Earl of. See Cromartie.
Cromerty. D.aniel's Prophecy, Ac., Edin., 1708, 4to.
Cromnielin, L.. An Essay towards improving the
Hempen and Flaxen Manufac. in Ireland, Dubl., 1705,4to.
Cronipe, John. Thoolog. treatises, 1639, '41.
Crompton, C. Legal Reports, in conjunction with
Jcrvis, Meeson, and Roscoe, 1832-36.
Crompton, George. Practice in C. of K. B. and
C. P.. Lon., 17S0, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1786, 2 vols. Svo.
"Many of the cases published in Crompton's Practice collected
by himself before he was at the bar, were never intended for pub-
lication,and are too loose to be relied o\\."—MaTrin's Legal Bibl.
New ed. corrected, Ac. by B. J. Sellon, 1798, 2 vols. Svo.
1st Amer. ed., with new cases, N. York, 1813, 2 vols. Svo.
Crompton, Hugh. Poems, being a Fardle of Fan-
cies, or a Medley of Music, stewed in four Ounces of the
Oyl of Epigrams, Lon., 1657, Svo. Pierides; or the Muses'
Mount, 1658, Svo. Dedicated to Mary, Duchess of Rich-
mond and Lenox, «fcc.
Crompton, J. Letters, pub. by R. Marsden.
Crompton, Joshua. Genuine Memoirs of ; written
by himself, Lon., 177S, Svo.
Crompton, Richard. L'authoritie et jurisdiction
des Courts de la Maiestie de la Roygne, Lon., 1594, 1637,
4to. See a list of Crompton's works in the Bibl. Brit. He
made large addits. to Fitz Herbert's Justice; therefore
often cited as Crompton's Justice.
" Mr. Crompton's books are in every man's hands, which proveth
their general allowance. A man may, by them, iu a few hours,
gain great knowledge."— fuJtecfs Stwiy of tlie La\o,'i.
Crompton, Susan F. Stories for Sunday Afternoons,
Lon., 1845, 16mo, and 1846.
Crompton, William, son of Richard, ante. 1. St
Austin's Religion. 2. C. Religion. 3. Prayer. 4. Serms.,
1623, '33, '59, '79.
4a
CRO
Cromwell, Oliver, the last male descendant of " The
Protector." Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell, and of his Sons
Richard and Henry, with Original Letters and other Family
Papers, 1820, 4to; 2d ed., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1823,
2 vols. 8vo. The daughter of the above author is Mrs.
Bussell of Cheshunt. The Memoirs have been character-
ized as an " unbounded panegyric." The reader who
would peruse both sides of the subject, should study Hume,
Clarendon's Hist, of the Rebellion, Catherine Macaula/s
Hist, of England, Bulstrode's Memoirs, Conference at the
end of Thurloe's State Papers, Ludlow's Memoirs, Sir
Edward Wallier's Hist. Discourses, Sir John Sinclair's
Hist, of the Revenue, Carte's, Lingard's, Smollett's, Keight-
ley's, and the Pictorial, histories of England, Noble's Me-
moirs of the Cromwells, Gumble's Life of Monk, Trial of
the Regicides, Thomas Cromwell's Oliver Cromwell and
his Times, Hallam's Constitutional Hist, of England, Car-
lyle's Letters and Speeches of Cromwell with Elucidations,
D'Aubigne's Protector, Smyth's Lectures on Mod. Hist.,
T. B. Macaulay's Review of Hallam's Constitution and
Hist., and M.'s paper on Milton, in Edin. Review. Other
works might be mentioned, but we imagine the reader will
e.xcuse us for the present. For a list of State papers is-
sued in the name of Oliver Cromwell, and the name of
Richard Cromwell, see Watt's Bilil. Brit, and Lowndes's
JBibl. Manual, where will also be found lists of works re-
specting the character of Cromwell's administration, and
the government which preceded it.
Cromwell, Samuel. Di.^putatio Medica Inauguratis
de Tumoribus in Geneve, Lugd. Bat., 16S2, 4to.
Cromwell, Thomas. The Schoolboy and other
Poems, 1816. Oliver Cromwell and his Times, Lon., 1821,
8vo.
" An attempt to steer a middle course between the prejudiced
represButatious of Hume and the uubouuded panegyrists of Oliver
Cromwell." — Lowndes.
Cronhelm, F. W. Book-keeping, 1818, 4to.
Crook, Sir George. See Croke.
Crook, John. Theolog. and Autobiographical works,
1661-1706.
Crook, Johu. Address to the Legislature ; also works
on the Church, Charity Schools, Ac, 1797-1813.
Crook, W. Historian's Guide, 1600-79, Lon., 1679,
12mo.
Crooke, B. Sermons, Lon., 1695, '98, 4to.
Crooke, Helkiah, M.D. Description of the Body
of Man, from the best authors of Anatiuny, Lon., 1615, fol.
53 Instruments of Chirurgery, 1631, fnl.
"Taken principally from P.-ircy." — Dr. Watt.
Crooke, Henry. Sermons. 1755, 8vo.
Crooke, Samuel, 1674-1649, Fellow of Emanuel
College, Cambridge. Divine Characters, Ac. 1619, '58.
Crooke, Unton. Letter to Cromwell, 1654, 4to.
Crooke, William. Funeral Serm., Lon., 1670, 8vo.
Crooks, George R., D.D., b. 1822. .at Philadelphia.
In connexion with Dr. ]\IcClintock, First Latin Boolt. In
connexion with Prof. Schem, Latin-English Lexicon,
Phila., 1858, large 8vo. Highly commended. Ed. Butler's
Analogy. Contrib. Method. Quar. Rev. See Schem, A. J.
Crookshank, William, D.D., died 1769, minister
of the Scots Church. Swallow Street. Lomlon. 1735. Hist,
of the State and Sufferiugs of the Church of Scotland
from the Restoration to the Revolution, Lon., 1749, 2 vols.
8vo: Edin., 1751, 2 vols. 8vo; Glasg., 1787, 2 vols. 12mo;
Paisley, 1789, 2 vols. sm. Svo. Chiefly abridged from
Wodrow.
Crookshanks. Public Debts and Funds, Lon.,1718,fol.
Crookshanks, John. Letter to R. Kirke. 1772. 8vo.
Croon, or Croune, William, M.D., d. 1684, founder
of the Croonian Lectures, the first of which was delivered
in 1738, was a native of London, Fellow of Emanuel Col-
lege, Cambridge, Professor of Rhetoric in Gresham College,
and Registrar of the Royal Society. He founded a course
of Algebraic Lectures in seven colleges at Cambridge, and
a yearly Anatomical Lecture in the Royal Society. He
pub. De Ratione Motus Musculorum, Lon., 1664, 4to ;
Amst., 1677, 12mo. Some of his papers will be found in
Phil. Trans., and many remain in MS. in the British
Museum.
Cropley, Sir John. Letters to Mr. Molesworth,
1721, 8vo.
Crosby, Allen. Exposition of ,St. John, 1755, 4to.
Crosby, Alpheus, born at Sandwich, N. H., 1810,
gradu.ated at Dartmouth College, 1827. In 1837 he be-
came Prof of the Latin and Greek Languages and Lite-
rature in Dartmouth College, and 1849, Prof Emeritus of
the Greek Language and Liter,ature in the same college.
Prof. Crosby has published a Greek and General Grammar;
'•---:£_._ CRO
Greek Tables; Greek Lessons; An edition of Xenophon's
' Anabasis; First Lessons in Geometry; A Letter of John
Foster, with Additions; An Essay on the Second Advent,
Crosby, Howard, b. 1826, N. Y. City, (great grand-
son of Wm. Floyd, one of the signers of Dec. of Inde-
pendence.) Prof Greek, Univ. N. Y. Lands of the Mos-
lem, N. York, 1851, Svo. Editor of (Edipus Tyrannug
of Sophocles.
Crosby, Thomas. The History of English Baptists,
from the Reformation to the beginning of the Reign of
George I., Lon., 1738-40, 4 vols. Svo.
This is considered the best history of the English Bap-
tists. The author tells us that he undertook it in conse-
ciuence of the misrepresentations of the sect in the History
of the Puritans by Neal, who had summed up its history
in so small a compass as ^le^ayes. The MS. from which
these four vols, are compiled, was drawn up by Benjamin
Stinson, and was " in the possession of the author of the
History of the Puritans for some years."
Bishop Burnet says of the English Baptists that " they
were generally men of virtue, and of an universal charity."
Crosby, Thomas. 1. Key. 2. Builder's Book,
1797, Ac.
Crosfeild, Robert. Treatises on Polit, Econ., 1692-
1704.
" The author alludes to many publick corruptions, and proposes
schemes by which great savings to the nation might be accom-
plishfd."
Crosfield, Miss A. Hist, of Northallerton, Northall..
1791, Svo.
Crosfield, Geo. Kalendar of Flora, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Crosfield, R. J., M.D. The Scurvy, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Crosland, Mrs. Newton, late Camilla Toulmin,
b. in L'-ndon. Lays and Legends of English Life, Lon.,
4to. Partners for Life, 12mo. Little Berlin AVool-Worker,
16mo. Poems, 12mo. Stratagems, 1849, square. Toil
and Tri.al, 1849, p. Svo. Ditto, and Double Claim, by Her-
vey, 1851, square. Talcs, 16mo. Lydia; a Woman's
Book, 1852, 12mo. The Young Lord, 1849, 18mo.
" She is a moi-alist, who draws truths from sorrow with the band
of a master, and depicts the miseries of mankind only that she
may improve Ib.-ir condition." — BdVs WeeJdtf Messenger.
Crosley, David. Sermon, Lon., 1691, 4to.
Crosley, II. Law of Wills, pt. 1, Lon., 182S, Svo.
Cross, J'ras. De Febre Intermittente, Oxon., 166S,
12mo.
Cross, James C. The Apparition ; a Musical Dra-
matic Romance, ilfcc, 1794-1809. See a list of his dram,
pieces in Biog. Dramat.
Cross,John. Cash Tables for Duties, Newc, 1779, Svo.
Cross, John. Law of Lien, Ac, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Cross, John, M.D. Profess, treatises, Glasg., 1815-19.
Cross, Joseph, D.D., b. 1813. Brent, Somersetshire,
Eng.. came to U.S. at the age of 12, and commenced the
ministry at 16. 1. Life and Sermons of Christmas Evans;
from the Welsh, Svo. 2. Headlands of Faith, 12mo. 3.
The Hebrew Missionary, 18mo. 4. Pisgah Views of the
Promised Inheritance. 5. A Year in Europe. 6. Prelec-
tions on Charity. Ed. Portraiture and Pcncillings of Mrs.
L. A. L. Cross. Contrib. Southern Methodist Quar. Rev.,
Home Circle, Ac.
Cross, Nicholas. The Cynosura, Lon., 1670, fol.
Serm. on Ps. Ixxxiii. 5 ; see Catholick Serms., ii. 123.
Cross, Peter Brady. Laws and Constitutions of
England. Lon., 1797, 8vo. Peace or War, which is the best
Policy ? 1800, Svo.
Cross, Walter, d. 1701? Exposition on Rom. iv. 1,2,
Lon., 1693, '94, 4to. Serms., 1695, '97, 4to. The Tagh-
mical Art: or the Art of Expounding Scripture by the
Points usually called Accents, Lon., 1(598, Svo.
'• Wiitten with j^reat abundance of confidence, and vast lack of
intellisence. The whole system is baseless, visionary, and useless.
The rhetorical rules for the use of the learner are in verse ; of which
take the Ibllowinj^ specimen :
' SiUuk- the sentence and the verse doth end;
Atnacli in two divides, aud so attends;
SegoUa three will have, or not appear;
MercDiali in verse doth to them both come near ;
Inferior game Keh. geraschaU doth play.
Because as vicar he comes in the way ! !' " — Orme : Bihl. Bib.
Cross, Wm. Portions of the Psalms, Oxf, 1801, 12mo.
Crosse, Henry. Virtue Commonwealth ; or the High-
way to Honour, Ac, Lon., 1603, 4to. Qordounstoun sale,
633, £4.
Crosse, John. Sermons, Ac, 1693, '94, '95, 4to.
Crosse, Peter? Power of Friendship; a Poetical
Epistle, 1785, 4to.
Crosse, R. S. Concio in 1 Cor. ii. 14, Oxf, 1655.
Crosse, Wm. Continuation of tJrimeston's Hist, of
the Netherlands, 1603-27, Lon., 1627, foL
CRO
CRO
Crosse, Wm. A Brief Treatise of the Eyes, Lou.,
1708, 8vo.
Crosse, Wm. Serm. on Heb. i. 14, Lon., 1713, 8vo.
Crossiuge, Richard. Sermons, 171S. '2", '22, '32.
Crosslcy, Aaron. Peerage of Ireland, Dubl., 1725, fol.
Crossley, J. T. Edueational works, Lun., 12, IS,
and 24uio.
Crossmaii,F.G. Course of Prayer, Lon., 1824, 12mo.
Crossnian, Henry. Serins. , Ae.. 1758-1816.
Crossman, Samuel. Sermons, 1680, '82, '86.
Crosswell, Wm. Tables fur Longitude, Bost., 1791,
8vo.
Crosthwaite, Charles. Synchronology, being a
Treatise on History, Chronology, and Mythology, Oxf.,
18.39, 8vo.
" Useful information." — Bickersteth.
Crosthwaite, J. C, Rector of St. Mary-at-HiU.
Maps illustrating the Journeys of Christ and of St. Paul,
Lon., 18.10.
'• A useful supplement to the Atlases to the Bible, hitherto pub-
lished."— /."77. Chris. Rtnii^mhninctr,
1. The Christian Ministry. 2. Discourses, 1835, 8vo.
" Very strongly recommended to .ill lovers of vitiornus thought,
sound principles, and curious and accurate information." — British
Maganru.
Serms., 1840, 12mo. Daily Communion, 1841, 18mo.
Modern Hagiology, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo.
Crosthwaite, John. Pendulums; in Trans. Irish
Acad., 1788.
Croswell, Andrew, minister in Boston, Mass., died
1785, aged 76. Theolog. treatises, 1746, '68, '71.
Croswell, EdAvin, a native of Catskill, New York,
editor of the Albany Argus, has pub. a number of Addresses,
»tc., and is said to be preparing Sketches and Anecdotes
of Men and Events of his Time.
Croswell, Rev. Harry, father of the Rev. Wm.
Croswell. at one time a leading political editor at Hudson
and Albany, N.Y. 1. Rudiments of the Church. 2. Family
Prayers, New Haven, 8vo and 12mo; new ed., revised, N.Y.,
1857, 12mo.
Croswell, Rev. William, 1S04-1S51. b. at Hudson,
N.Y., son of the preceding; grad. at Yale C"ll., 1822;
Rector of Christ Church. Boston, 1829-40: St. Peter's
Church, Auburn, N.Y., 1S40-U; Rector of Church of the
Advent, Boston, 1844-51. See specimens of his poetry,
&c. in Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.. Griswold's Poets
and Poetry of America, and Memoirs by his Father, N.Y.,
1853, 8vo.
Crotch, Wm., Mus. Doc. Elements of Musical Com-
position, 1812, 4to. Styles of Music, 1812, 3 vols. fol.
Substance of Lectures on Music, 8vo.
" A very popular and pleasant work." — Westminster Review.
Crouch, Edwin A. An English edit, of Lamarck's
Conchology, Lon., 1827, r. 4to.
" We can strongly recommend it to all those who feel interested
in this department of natural history." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
Crouch, Henry. British Customs, Lon., 1724-28, Svo.
Guide to the Officers of the Customs, 1732, fol.
Crouch, Humphrey. Parliament of Graces, 1642,4to.
Crouch, John. Muses' .Joy. &.C., Lon., 1657-66.
Crouch, Nathaniel. See Burton, Robert.
Crouch, Wm. Posthuma Christiana, Lon., 1712, 8vo.
Crouleus, Robert. See Crowley.
■ Croiiue, Wm. See Croon.
Crow, Rev. Francis, died 1692. "V^anity and Im-
piety of Judicial Astrology, 1690, 8vo. Mensalia Sacra,
169.3, 8vo.
Crow, or Crowe, SirSackville. His Cose as it now
stands, with his request to the Parliament, Lon., 1652, 4to,
Crowe, Anna Mary. Case in Chancery. 1806. 8vo.
Letter to Dr. Willis on Private M.ad Houses, 1811, 8vo.
Crowe, Mrs. Catherine, whose maiden name was
Stevens, is a native of Borough Green, county of Kent,
England. She married Lt.-Col. Crowe, Royal Army. Light
and Darkness; or. Mysteries of Life, Lon., 1850, 3 vols.
p. 8vo. Men and Women, 1843. 3 vols. p. 8vo. Pippie's
Warning, 1848, 16mo. Aristoderaus : a Tragedy. Susan
Hopley, 1841, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Lilly Dawson, 1847, 2 vols.
12mo.
*' A novel of rare merit." — Lon. Mi^ssenger.
" .\ creation worthy of Scott." — Jolin Bttll.
Adventures of a Beauty. 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Night
Side of Nature, 1848, 2 vols. 12mo.
*'It .shows that the whole dov-trijie of spirits is worthy of the
most serious attention." — Lon. AVu-riteum.
Crowe, Eyre Evans. The English in Italy and
France. To-Day in Ireland. Tales, 1825, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Yesterday in Ireland. Tales, 1829, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Hist,
of France, 1830-44, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Crowe, Rev. Henry. Zoophilos; or Considerations
on the Moral Treatment of Inferior Animals, 3d ed., Bath,
1822, 12mo.
Crowe, Wm. Catalogue of Eng. Writers on the Old
and New Testaments, 2d ed., Lon., 1668, 12mo.
Elenchus Scriptorum in Sacrara Scripturam tarn Grfeco-
mm quam Latinorum in quo exhibentureorum gens, i>atria,
professio, religio : liborum tituli, volumnia, editiones variae,
Londini, 1672, 8vo.
The compiler actually arranges his author.s under their
Christian names ! Of the whims of book-makers there is
no end !
Crowe, Wm., DD. Serms., 4c., Lon., 1720-44.
Crowe, Wm. Serms. and Orations, 1781, '88, 1800.
Lewesdon Hill; a Poem, Lon., 1786, '88, 1804, 4to.
'* A poem of very considerable merit." — Lowndes.
Treatise on English Versification, 1827. p. 8vo.
Crowell, William, born 1806, at Middlefield, Mass.
Church Member's Manual, 12mo, 2d ed., 1852. Church
Member's Hand Book, 1851. Also many Sunday School
Books. Ed. Christian Watchman, 1838-48.
Crowfoot, Wm. Observ. on Apojjlexy, Lon., 1801, Svo.
Crowley, John. Thoughts on theEmancipatiou of
the Roman Catholics, 1811, 8vo,
Crowley, Robert, d. 1588, a divine, poet, bookseller,
and printer, was educated at, and became Fellow of, Mag-
dalen College, 0.xford. He was made Archdeacon of Here-
ford, and in 1558 was collated to a prebend at St. Paul's,
London. In 1550 he pub. the 1st ed. of Piers Plowman's
Vision, and with the same design — to expose the vices and
follies of the age — he put forth 31 Epigrams. For a list
of his works and notices of them, see Strype's Life of Par-
ker and his Memorials ; Tanner and Bale; Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon.; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry; Watt's Bibb
Brit, ; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. ; and Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Crowley, Thos. Life of M. de la Sarre, 1751, 12mo.
Crowley, Thomas. Payment of Tithes, 1776, 8vo.
Crowne, or Crown, John, a native of Nova Scotja,
obtained considerable notoriety at the court of Charles IL
as a writer of plays, 18 of which are enumerated in the
Biog. Dramat. Of these. The Destruction of Jerusalem,
1677, 4to, and City Politiques, 1675, 4to, seem to have been
among the best. He also wrote Pandion and Amphigenia,
1665, Svo, and Daeneids, 1672, 4to, and trans. Boileau's
Lutrin.
" He may assxu-edly be allowed to stand at least in the third ranla
of our dramatic writers." — Biog. Dramat.
Crowne, Wm. Travels of the Lord Howard, Lon.,
1637, 4to. Condemned, as abounding in errors and imper-
fections.
Crownfield, Henry. On the Scriptures, 1752, Svo.
Crowquill, Alfred, (Alfred Henry Forrester,)
b. 1806, brought up to hisfathcr'sprofessionof Public Notary
at the North Gate of the London Royal Exchange, where his
family had practised the same prolession for a century be-
fore. Commenced his literary career at the age of 15, by
a swarm of papers in various monthly publications of the
period. At the age of 20 practised drawing, with a de-
termination to illustrate his own works, pub. Leaves from
his Memorandum-Book, — a volume of comic prose and
verse illustrated by himself, and various caricatures in the
fashion of the day. In the same year he published Ec«en-
tric Tales, 1 vol. Svo, illustrated by himself. In 1828 he
was solicited by Mr. Colburn to join the celebrated clique
of authors then engaged to produce the Humorist papers
in his Magazine, — Theodore Jl.mk, Benjamin Disraeli, and
a host of others. He wrote the Humorist's introduction.
He left this Magazine to join Bentley's celebrated Mis-
cellany, with Dickens, Father Prout, "Tom Ingoldsby, Dr.
Maginn, Ac. He was also the first illustrator of Punch
and of the Illustrated News. An exhibitor of large pen-
and-ink drawings at the Royal Academy. Painter in oil,
from which many engravings were published. Designer
and modeller. He designed the statuette of the Duke of
Wellington produced a fortnight before the duke's death,
which he presented to her Majesty and the allied sovereigns.
The Wanderings of a Pen and Pencil; a large antiquarian
book profusely illustrated. Comic English Grammar.
Comic Arithmetic. Phantasmagoria of Fun, 2 vols. Svo.
Bentley Fun. A Bundle of Crowquills. Magic and
Meaning It, 1 vol. Scrap Books, innumerable. Railway
Raillery. St. George and the Dragon, <ic. Gold ; a Poem,
illustrated with twelve outlines, large 4to. Absurdities,
Svo. Reproof of the Brutes, Careless Chicken, and many
vols, of Fairy Tales. Engraver on steel, stone, copper,
and wood. Picture Fables; new ed., 1855, 4to. Little
Pilgrim, 1856, 4to.
CRO
CRU
Crowslcy, John. Good Husband's Jewel, 1651, 12mo.
Crowtlier, Bryau,SurgeoD. Profess, treatises, 1797-
1811.
C'rowther, J. Dissertation on Acts xvii. 30, Lon.,
1822. 8v(..
CroAVther, P. W. Law of Arrest, Ac, Lon., 1828, 8vo.
C'rowther, S, Sermon, Lon., 1814, 4to.
Crowther, S. Grammar of the Yoruba Language,
Lou., 1852, 8vo; Vocabulary of do., %vith Introduc. by Rev.
Mr. Vidal, 1852, 8vo.
" It proves that a whole African race, numbering 3,000,000. ex-
ists, possessing a language highly refined and developed." — Lon.
Timrs.
Croxall, Samuel, D.D., died 1752, educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge. Arobdeaoou of Salop, &c. The
Fair Circassian, Lon., 1720, 4to; later edits, in 12mo.
Fables of JEsop and others, trans, into English, 1722. Very
popular. Serms., 1715-41. Scripture Politics, 1735, Svo.
He also wrute some poems, and edited the collection of Se-
lect Novels and Histories, from the French, Italian, and
Spanish, printed for Watts, Lon., 1729. 6 vols. ]2mo. There
was no WLiut of variety in Croxall's literary pursuits.
Cruden. Complete Family Bible, with Notes, Lon.,
1770, 2 vols. fol.
"An imlifterently-execiited commentary." — HoRNE.
This is not the publication of Alexander Cruden.
Cruden, Alexander, 1701-1770, a native of Aber-
deen, educated at Marischal College, designed entering the
Church, but was prevented by symptoms of insanity. In
1732 he settled in London as a permanent residence,
opened a bookstore, and became a corrector to the press.
He styled himself Alexander the Corrector. In 1733 he
commenced the preparation of his Concordance to the Holy
Scriptures, and laboured with such industry in the inter-
vals of business, that he was able to put it to press in
1737, 4to; 2d od., 1761, 4to; 3d ed., with improvements,
1769, 4to ; 6th ed., with Life, by Alex. Chalmers, 1812, 4to;
loth ed., 1824, r. 8vo. The editor of this last ed. hopes
that bis " extraordinary care will obtain for this edition
the high recommendation of being the most correct edi-
tion OF Cruden's Concordance ever published." But
alas! for the hope of faultless typography! The editor
of the Phila. reprint of 1830 professes to have discovered
(and corrected) in this immaculate edition, no less than
TEN THOUSAND ERRORS in the references, which had escaped
the eye of the London editor !
Of Cruden's Concordance, there have been many abridg-
ments, which profess to contain all that is valuable in the
original, which makes us marvel at the stupidity of the
author, who devoted so many days and nights to accumu-
late what we are now assured is entirely superfluous ! Yet
being old-fashioned in our ideas, we rather prefer having
every line of this unnecessary matter.
The late Rev. Thos. Scott, author of the Commentary,
partially prepared a new Concordance to the Bible. See
his Life by his son. Mr. Scott remarks that
" The errors and deficiencies in Crudeu are tenfold more than
are generally suspected."
But, on the other hand, Dr. Williams declares that
*' It is so complete as a Concordance that nothing remains mate-
rially deficient." — ''lirisH-in Preacher.
"It is not unlikely tli;it Cruden, corrected and improved, will
still retain bis pla^e in Eii^'lish litorature." — Orme : Bibl. Bib.
" Cruden's Concordance, or a similar work, is indispensable to
ministers."
" Cruden's Concordance should be in everybody's library. It is
uncommrinly complete, the definitions of leading words remark-
ably accurate, and the references exceedingly correct." — Lowndes.
Cruden also wrote An Account of the History and Ex-
cellency of the Holy Scriptures, prefixed to a Compendium
of the Holy Bible; A Scripture Dictionary; an Index to
Bp. Newton's edit, of Milton ; The History of Richard Pot-
ter, and sundry pieces under the names of The London
Citizen and Alexander the Corrector.
We notice with commendation Wm. Youngman*s edit,
of Cruden's Concordance, with a Compendium of the Bible,
and a Brief Account of its History and Excellence, to
which is added a Sketch of the Life of the Author.
Crudeu, John. Address to the loyal part of the
Brit. Empire, and the friends of Monarchy throughout
the Gluhc, Svo.
Cruden, R. P. Obser. upon Municipal Bodies in
Eng. and Wales, 1826, Svo. Hist, of Gravesend and Port
of London, 1844, r. Svo.
'"This volume contains a complete history of the Thames and
all that IS connected with it, its Docks and Arsenals, and the great
bintorieal scenes that have been witnessed on its shores, added to
an immense amount of curious information relating to the early
history and progress of the navy, interesting alike to the antiquary
and political ecouomist."
456
Cruickshank, Brodic, Eighteen Years in the Gold
Coast of Africa, Lioi., 1S53, 2 vols.
'"One of the most interesting books that ever came into our
hands." — Lot). S((tni.lovfl.
"It will give a fresh impulse to the efforts of philanthropy and
religion." — Jnhn Bull.
Cruickshunk, Thos. Practical Planter, Lon., Svo.
Cniikshank, Geo, Salt Duties, 17:34-45, 3 vols. fol.
Cniikshank, George, born in London about 1794,
has attained great celebrity as an artist of rare talents,
both in humour and pathos. An interesting account
of his labours will be found in Men of the Time, Lon.
1853, ISmo, also in Lon. Juur., 1S47, by Dr. Mackenzie;
Westm. Rev., 1840 ; Knight's Eng. Cyc, vol. ii., Div. Biog.
Cruikshauk, Jas. Treat, on Polit. Econ., 1811, Svo.
Cruikshauk, Robert, brother of George Cruikshank.
Facetiie; being a Cullection of all the Humorous Jeux-
d'Esprit which have been illustrated by R. C., Lon., 2 vols.
These vols, comprise all, from Monsieur Tonson to Margate,
Cruikshank, Wui., 1745-lSOO, an eminent surgeon
and anatomist, was a native of Edinburgh, and succes-
sively a pupil, assistant, and partner of the celebrated Dr.
Hunter. The publication of his Anatomy of the Absorbent
Vessels, in 1786, 4to, secured him immediate reputation,"
2d ed., 1790, 4to. He had previously pub. treatises on
Absorption and Respiration, 1779, Svo. Some of his pa-
pers were pub. in Phil. Trans and Nic. Jour. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Cruise, Major Richard A., Royal Army. Jour
nal of a Ten Months' Residence in New Zealand, Lon.,
1823, Svo. Contains much information respecting the
productions of New Zealand, and the manners, religion,
and character of the natives.
Cruise, Wm, Fines and Recoveries, 3d ed., Lon.,
1794, 2 vols. Svo. Modelled upon Pearne's Contingent
Remainders. Essay on Uses, 1795, Svo. Digest of the
Laws of England respecting Real Property, Lon., 1804-07,
7 vols. Svo; 4th ed., by H.H.White, 1835, 7 vols. Svo;
5th Amer. from the 4th Loudon ed., revised, enlarged, and
adapted to American Practice, by Simon Greenleaf, LL.D.,
Royall Prof, of Law in Harvard Univ., Boston, 1849, '50,
3 vols. Svo.
" We are sure that Mr. Greenleaf could have performed no task
which would be more generally acceptalile. than this very one of
winnowing the chaff fmm the wheat. It has been performed in a
manner which will do justice to his eminent reputation. No work
which has appeared for a long time will be more valuable to stu-
dents, or to the profession generally." — Law Jtepoi'ter.
Principles of Conveyancing, Lon., 1808, 6 vols. 8vo-
Origin and Nature of Dignities or Titles of Honour, Lon.,
1810, Svo ; 2d ed., 1823, r. Svo.
" Mr. Cruise's book is an extremely useful book of reference." —
Lord Kedesdale.
" With as little erroneous matter as might be expected in a book
of that description." — Sir Anthony Hart.
CruU, Jodocus, M.D. Antient and Present State
of Muscovy, Lon., 1698. 2 vols. Svo. Continuation of
Puffondorf's Introduc. to Hist of Europe, 1705, Svo. An-
tiquities of St. Peter in the Abbey Oh. of Westminster,
1711, Svo; 1722, 2 vols. Svo.
Crump, J. Protection of Brit. Commerce, 1812,
Crump, John, became minister at Maidstone about
1653, ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. The Great Sup-
per, 1669, sm. Svo.
Crump, W, II., a native of England, has been for
many years settled in Philadelphia, where he is one of the
most popular and intelligent members of the periodical
press. The World in a Pocket Book, or Universal Popu-
lar Statistics, Phila., 1841, 24mo. Eighth ed., greatly
enlarged and improved, with the addition of Part 2, 1858,
12mo, pp. 446.
Crumpe, Saml., M.D., of Limerick, Ireland. Opium,
Lon., 1793, Svo. Essay on the Means of Providing Em-
ployment for the People, Lon., 1793; 2d ed., 1795, Svo.
The prize proposed by the Royal Irish Academy was ob-
tained by this essay.
" A really valuable publication. . . . The principles which pervade
the work are sound ; and those parts of it which have special refer-
ence to Ireland are distinguished by the absence of prejudice and
by their practical good sense."— McCulloch : Lit. of poUt. Econ.
Crumpe, Thomas. Orthography, Lon., 1712, 12mo.
Cruse, Peter IIoH'man, 1793-1832, a native of Bal-
timore, contributed largely to the Reviews, and was ibr
several years editor of the Baltimore American. Some
of his poetry will be found in The Red Book, a periodical
pub. in Baltimore 1818-19, by Mr. Cruse and John P. Ken-
nedy, a favourite American author.
Crusio, Cato, M.D. Skin Disease, Phil. Trans., 1754,
Crusius, tewis. Roman Poets, Lon., 1733, '53, 2
vols. 12mo.
CRU
CUF
Criiso, Joh. Castremetion, or the measuring out the
quarters for the Encamping of on Army, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Medioamentorum Thesaurus, 1701, 8vo; in English, with
Annotations, Glossary, and Index, 1771, ]3mo.
Cruso, Timothy, 1657?-1697, a Dissenting divine.
Serms. 1688, '89, &c. Three vols, of Discourses, 1697, '98,
*99, sm. 8vo.
" Superior sermons for matter. Cruso's works might he advan-
tageously reprinted." — Bickersteth.
Crutchley, John. Agricult. of the County of Rut-
land, Lon., 1795, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Cruttenden, David H., b. 1816, Saratoga co., N.Y.;
grad. Union Coll., 1841. Author of a series of Systematic
Arithmetics; Philosophy of Sentential Language; Geo-
graphy and History Combined, &c.
Cruttenden, Jos. AVounded Seamen, &c., 1780, 4to.
Cruttenden, R. His Experience, Lon., 1744, 8vo.
Cruttwell, C., Surgeon. Professional treatise, Bath,
1778, 12mo.
Cruttwell, Rd. Treatise on Currency, Lon., 8vo.
Crutwell, Rev. Clement. The Scripture Har-
mony, or Concordance of Parallels, Lon., 1790, 4to.
"This is a very elaborate work, and will amply repay the labour
of consultiug: though the parallelisms are not always to be traced,
and are sometimes veiy fanciful. But for this the industrious au-
thor is not to be censured, as he everywhere cites his authorities,
which are very numerous.'' — H»7-Hfi^s Introrhiction.
Crutwell pub. an edit, of the Bible in 1785, 3 vols. 4to,
witb the notes of Bishop Wilson, of Sodor and Man. A
Gazetteer of France, 179.3, 3 vols. 12mo; of the Nether-
lands, 1794, 8vo. Universal Gazetteer, 1798, 3 vols. 4to .
1808, 4 vols. 8vo. Superseded by later works. Tour
through Great Britain, 1801, 6 vols. 8vo. Life of Bishop
Wilson, 4tn.
Crutwell, Richd. Funeral Discourse, 1809.
Cruwys, H. S. Archetype of the Septuagint, 1773, 8vo.
Crymes, Thomas, alias Graham. Carniina Pro-
gymnastica. Lon., 1654, Svo. Roxburghe, 2803. £3 lis.
Cubitt, George. Scriptural Expositions, Lon., 1844,
ISmo. Parables, 1840, ISmo. Sketches and Skeletons
of Sermons, ISmo.
Cudmore, Daniel. Sacred Poems, Lon., 1655, 8vo.
"Written iu a great variety of measure, and several of them
have peculiar merit, mingled with much quaintness." — Lowndes.
History of Joseph, a Poem, 1652, 4to.
Cudworth, John. Fides Eccl. Anglic, Ac, Oxon.,
1688, fol.
Cudworth, Ralph, 1617-1688, a native of Aller,
Somersetshire, where his father was rector, was educated
at Emanuel College, Cambridge, of which he became a
Fellow and Tutor; Rector of North Cadbury. 1641;
Master of Clare Hall, 1644 ; Prof. of. Hebrew, 1645 ; Mas-
ter of Christ's College. 1654 ; Vicar of Ashwcll, Hertford-
shire, 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678. The Lord's
Supper, with t\vo Sermons on the Union of Christ and the
Church in a Shadow, Lon., 1642, Svo. Cudworth's hypo-
thesis is that the Supper is a Feast upon a Sacrifice. This
opinion was revived by Bishops AVarburton and Cleaver,
Dr. Worthington and Mr. Willets, and opposed by Dr.
Bell and others.
"Cudworth's notion was adopted by many able writers, hut
they do not appear to the author to have proved that the supposed
view was intended liy our Lord."— Bickeesteth : Chris. Student.
Two Sermons, 1647, 4to. In 1678 he pub. his celebrated
work. The True Intellectual System of the Universe;
wherein the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is confuted ;
fob; 2d e"d., with Life of the author by Birch, 1733,2 vols.
4to. Abridgt. of 1st ed.. 1706, 2 vols. 4to. by Rev. Thomas
Wise. In Latin, by Mosheim ; Jente, 173*3, 2 vols. fol. ;
with improvements, Leyden, 1773, 2 vols. 4to.
" The Latin translation hy Professor Mosheim is greatly to be
preferred to the English oritj;inal, not only for its purity and ele-
gance, but also for its great abundance and excellence of learned
notes." — Bisnop Warburton.
Cudworth did not complete his whole design in the In-
tellectual System, but was discouraged from publishing
any thing further by the misrepresentations to which his
learned labours were subjected. He left several MSS.,
which appear to have been intended as a continuation of
his design. One of these, A Treatise concerning eternal
and immutable Morality, was pub. by Bishop Chandler in
1731. Svo. A number of his MSS. are deposited in the
British Museum. Cudworth's great work was elicited by
the absurd, yetuiischievous, principles advocated by Hobbes
in the Leviathan. Being a perfectly fair and ingenuous
opponent, Cudworth placed the atheistic doctrines which
he intended to refute in the clearest light, and stated them
with such force, that, to his amazement, he found his own
sincerity doubted when he proceeded to show their fallacy !
Ho unfortunately encumbered his argument by an admix-
ture of Platonic philosophy, and a " wild hypothesis of a
plastic nature," assumed to be the immediate instrument-
ality by which the Divine Being carried his jturposes into
execution. His fate, with some shallow minds, was that
of Sir Thomas Browne — to be considered a champion of
impieties, which he abhorred.
" lie raised such strong objections against the being of a God
and Providence, that many thought he had not answered them."
— Drvden.
'• Though the whole world were no less satisfied with hia capa-
city and learning, than with his sincerity in the cause of the
Deity; yet was he accused of giving the upper hand to the atheists,
f'lr having stated their reasons and those of their adversaries fairly
together. . . . The common fwte of those who dare to appear fair
authors." — Lord Shaftesbury.
The depth of erudition displayed in the Intellectual
System has been a subject of admiration to the learned of
all varieties of opinion.
" It contains the greatest mass of learning and argument that
ever was brought to bear on atheism. A thousand folio pages,
full of learned iiuntations, and references to all heathen and sacred
antiquity, demonstrate the fertility and laborious diligence of
the author. And whoever wishes to know all that can be said
respecting liberty and necessity, fate and free-will, eternal reason
and justice, and arbitrary omnipotence, has only to digest the
Intellectual System."— Onne's Bill. Bib.
"It will at least be expedient, I had almost said necessary, to
know so niufh of the opinions of heathen antiquity as is to bo
learnud from those authentic documents which the industry of
thu iudefatigably Cudworth has collected and arranged with great
judgment." — Bishop IIorsley.
"Great strength of genius and a vast compass of learning." —
Bishop Burnet.
" With a boldness uncommon indeed, but very becoming a man
conscious of his own integrity, and of the truth and evidence of
his cause, Dr. Cudworth launched out into the immensity of the
Intellectual System, and. at his first essay, penetrated the very
darkest recesses of antiriuity to strip atheism of all its disguises,
and drag up the lurking monster to conviction." — Bishop War-
burton.
" Like another Atlas, he carried in this work the whole World
of Learning on his broad intellectual shoulders."
" The Intellectual System is an immense storehouse of facts, of
arguments, and principles."
" That great master of learning and reasoning. Dr. Cudworth."
— Dr. J. Pye Smith.
"The Intellectual System will forever remain a precious mine
of information to those whose curiosity may lead them to study
the spirit <.if thp undent theories." — Duoalp Stewart.
"Thi' Infplldtual System is a work of stupendous erudition,
and of freijuent mastery over diction and illustration on subjects
where it is most rare." — Sir James Mackintosh.
"Cudworth was one of those whom Hobbes had roused by the
atheistic and inmioral theories of the Leviathan; nm- did any an-
tagonist of that philosopher bring a more vigorous understanding
to the combat." — IIallam: Lil<-rary History.
" Dr. Palph Cudworth held the same rank in Metaphysics that
Dr. Barrow did in the Sublime Geometry." — Gra7iffcr''s Bing. Hist.
"The Platonic philosophy was with greater accuracy and sounder
judgment [than evinced by Gale] applied to the refutation of im-
piety by Ralph Cudworth. ... In this important undertaking,
he very successfully employed a vast fund of erudition.'" — Enfield's
Hist of Pliilosr>ph)l.
"Amongst all the early philosophical writers of our country,
there is no one who displayed so complete a mastery over the me-
taphysical systems of antiquity, and no one who has left behind
him so vast a monument of varied and accurate learning, as Ralph
Cudworth. the author of the Intellectual System." — MorelVs Hist,
of Modem Philosfiphy.
It is pleasing to reflect that to the eminent Cudworth
may bo added the title of good as well as great :
" An excellent and Warned divine, of highest authority at homo
and abroad." — Lord Shaftesbury: Cttaracteri.stic^.
An unimpeachable authority thus enthusiastically com-
mends Cudworth :
" He was a great man in all parts of learning, divine and hu-
man; an honour to Kmanuel College, where he was educated, to
Christ's College, where he afterwards presided, to the whole Uni-
versity of Cambridge, which he adorned ; and to the church and
age in which he lived." — Bishop BurtNET.
AVill not the University of Cambridge, thus honoured
by his name, honour his memory by publishing his MSS. ?
How much would the world be the gainer by the reflec
tions of so profound a thinker as Cudworth upon such sub-
jects as "Moral Good and Evil;" '' Liberty and Necessi-
ty;" "The Seventy Weeks of Daniel;" "The Creation of
the World;" "The Learning of the Hebrews;" " The Notion
of Hobbes concerning God and Spirits!" We feel some
pride in recording the fact that an edition of The True In-
tellectual System of the Universe has been published in
America — Andover, 1837, 2 vols. r. Svo — and an edit, of his
whole works has recently been issued in New York, 2 vols.
Svo. Wo must not omit to recommend to the reader the ex-
cellent edition pnblishotl in London in 1845, 3 vols. Svo,
which contains the learned Notes and Dissertations of tho
Latin edition by Jloshciin, translated by Harrison.
Ciulworlh, Wm. Sermons. &c., 1747, '60.
Cuff, or Cuffe, Heury, 15G0?-1601, Greek Prof, at
4SI
CUF
CUM
Morton College. Oxford, was executed at Tyburn as a par- I Top. Brit. ; see No. 23. A Remarkable Frost, Phil. Trans.,
tifipant of the treason of the Earl of Essex. The DiffercDCe
of the Ages of Man's Life, Lon., 1607, 8vo. He left some
papers evincing great learning. See Wood's Atben. Oxon.
Cuffe, Maurice. News from Munster, Lon., 1642. 4to.
Cuitt, George. Hist, of Chester, 1815, 8vo. Etch-
ings of Ancient Buildings, 1816, fol. Wanderings and
Poncillings amongst Ruins of the Olden Time, 1848, r. fol.
" These plates are etched with great freedom, and remind us of
the etchings of Kome, (by Pyranesi,) to which they come nearer
than any modern work of British Art of a similar class."— ion.
Times.
Culbertson, Robert. Serm., 1817. Lectures on the
Prophecies of St. John, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.
*' Itather tedious, but always sensible." — Orme.
'* The production of a man of no ordinary endowments." — Lon,
Congregational Mag.
"One of the most judicious expositions of the Book of Reyela-
tion." — Lon. £A:hctic Jiev.
Culham, B. P. The Fig Leaf; a Poem, 3d ed., 1805.
Cull, Francis. Sermon, Lon., 1732, 8vo.
Cull« Richard. Garrick's mode of reading the Li-
turgy : new ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo.
Culleu, Arch. Principles of the Bankrupt Law, 1800.
"Written with brevity and distinctness; omitting nothing that
is material, and introducing nothing that is unimportant." — Lon.
Monthly liojiew.
Cullen, C. S. The Bankrupt Court, 1830.
Cullen, Charles. Chemical Analysis of Wolfram,
Lon., 1785, 8vo. History of Mexico, 1787, 2 vols. 4to.
Cullen, Edmund, M.D. Phys. and Chem. Essays,
1785-91.
Cullen, Margaret, daughter of Dr. Cdllen, of Edin-
burgh, q. V. Home; a Novel, 1803, 5 vols. Morton; a
Novel, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo.
Cullen, Michael. Churchwarden's Guide,Dubl.,1823.
Cullen, Paul, R. C. Archbishop of Armagh, conse-
crated Feb. 24, 1850, has written a work, '■ afKrming the
immutability of the earth, on the ground of his interpre-
tation of the theological records." — Jfcn of the Time, Lon.,
1853.
Cullen, Stephen. The Castle of Inchvally ; a Tale,
alas ! too true. 1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Haunted Priory,8vo.
Cullen, VVm., M.D., 1712-1790, a native of Lanark-
shire, made several voyages to the West Indies as surgeon
in a London trading vessel. He afterwards settlecl at
Shotts, where he entered into copartnership with Dr. Wm.
Hunter. In 1746 Cullen was appointed Lecturer on Che-
mistry in the University of Glasgow, and in 1751 became
King's Professor of Medicine. In 1756 he accepted the
chair of Chemistry in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and in 1763
succeeded Dr. Alston as Professor of Medicine. When
obliged by physical infirmity to resign his office to Dr.
Black, he became associated with Dr. Gregory in the lec-
tures on the practice of physic. Synopsis Nosologia; Me-
thodiciB in usum Studiosorum, Ediu..l769, 8vo ; many edits.;
the best by Dr. John Thompson, 1814, Svo. Lectures on
the Materia Mcdica, Lon., 1772, 4to ; pub. without the
author's consent; reprinted with his permission, 1773, 4to;
Cullen's own edit., 1789, 2 vols. 4to. The last is the edit,
to be sought for. It is still one of the best works on the
subject. The Recovery of the Drowned. Edin., 1775, Svo.
First Lines of the Practice of Physic, Edin., 1776-83, 4
vols. Svo; many edits. Dr. Rotherham's, Edin., 1796, 4
vols. Svo ; several edits, by Dr. P. Reid ; last, 1816, 2 vols.
Svo. The 7th edit, in 2 vols. Svo. with Notes, was pub. by
Dr. Gregory. Clinical Lectures, 1765, '66, pub. by an au-
ditor, Lon., 1797, Svo ; by John Thompson, Edin. ,1814, Svo.
Of Cold : Ess. Phys. and Lit., 2 p., cxlv., 1766. This tract
is also pub. with some Experiments by Dr. Black, Edin.,
1776-82.
The amiability of Dr. Cullen's character elicited the love,
whilst his professional attainments commanded the respect,
of his associates and the public at large. See his Life by
Dr. Anderson in The Bee, vol. i.
Culley, George, 1734-1813. Observations on Live
Stock, Lon., 1786, Svo. Agricult. of Northumberland,
1797, Svo; in conjunction with J. Bailey.
"The tre.ifise on live stock has ever been very justly esteemed,
and the county survey shows an enlightened mind." — Donaldson^s
■ Agricult. Jiiog.
Culloch, Mc. See McCitlloch.
Cullum, Sir Dudley. Stove ; Phil. Trans., 1694.
Cullum, Rev. Sir John, 17.-13-1785, FeHow of St.
Catherine Hall, Cambridge : Rector of Hawstead, 1782 ;
Vicar of Great Thurlow, 1774. The Hist, and Anticp of
Hawstead and Hardwick, Suffolk; 2d ed., with Notes by
his brother. Sir Thomas Gery Cullum. Lou., 1813, r. 4to.
200 copies printed. The 1st ed. was pub. in Nichols's Bib.
1784. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
Cullum, Sir Thomas Gery. Con. to Med. Obs.
and Inq., 1794. Mem. Med., 1792. See article next above.
Cullyer, John. Gent, aod Farmer's Assistant, Lon.,
1798, 12mo.
" I'sefuUy compiled." — Dmald^oii' s JgricuU. Sing.
Tables for Gentlemen, Farmers, &c., Norw., 1803, 12mo.
Culmer, Rev. Richard. Cathedrall Newes from
Canterbury, Lon., 1644, 4to.
" A most vile pamphlet." — Histi Oxon.
Dean and Chapter Newes from Canterbury, 1649, 4to.
Minister's Hue and Cry, 1651, 4to. Lawless Tithe Robbers
Discovered, 1655, 4to.
" Mr. Hichard Culmer was an ignor.int person, and with his ig-
norance one of the most daring schismatics in all that country,
[Kent.]'' — Archbishop L.\iid.
See an account of Culmer — " Blue Dick of Thanet"— in
Wood's Fasti Oxon.
Culpepper, Sir John. Speech in Parliament, 1641,fnL
Culpepper, Nathaniel. Almanack, Camb.,1686,8vo.
Culpepper, Nicholas, 1616-1654, "student in Phy-
sic and Astrology." was a violent opponent of the Royal
College of Physicians. He pub. a number of works on
Medicine, Medical Botany, Astrology, the Aurum Potabile,
&o. : see Watt's Bib. Brit. His English Physician, 1652,
fol., has passed through many editions. His Herbal is not
without merit :
" His descriptions of common plants are drawn up with a clear-
ness and distinction that would not have disgraced a better pen."
— Dr. Pulteney.
Culpepper, Sir Thomas. Moral Discourses and
Essays, Lon., 1655, Svo. ^He pub. several tracts upon
Usury, 1661-71, urging the' reduction of the rate of inte-
rest. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Culros, Lady £liz. M. Ano Godlie Dreame com-
pylit in Scotish meter, Edin., 1603, 4to.
" Lady Culros's Dreame was long popular among the Scottish
Presbyterians." — Dr. Letdex.
Armstrong states in his Essays that he recollected having
heard it sung by the peasants to a plaintive air.
Culverhouse, C. Bread Laws, Lon., 1815, Svo.
Culverwell, Ezekiel, a Puritan divine. Treatise
of Faith, Lon., 1629, 12mo. A Blessed Estate, 1633, 12mo.
Meditations, 1634, 12nio.
Culverwell, Nath. Light of Nature, Ac, 1652, 4to.
Culy, David. Thcolog. works, Boston, 1787, 12mo.
Cumberland, Earls of. See Clifford, George,
Henry.
Cumberland, Denison, Bishop of Clonfert, Ire-
land, 1763; of Kilmore, 1772. Serm. on Luke xv. 10,
1764, 4to; on John xvi. 2, 3, 1765, 4to.
Cumberland, George. Anecdotes of the Life of
Julio Bonafoni ; with a cat. of his Engravings, Lon.^ 1793,
Svo. Lewina. &.C., 1793, 4to. Hafod, and the neigh-
bouring scenes, Ac, 1796, Svo. Orig. Tales, 1810, 2 vols.
Con. to Nic. Jour., 18U7, '10. '11.
Cumberland, Richard, 1632-1718, Fellow of Mag-
dalen College, Cambridge ; Rector of Brampton ; presented
to the living of AU-hallows, Stamford, 1667; Bishop of
Peterborough, 1691. 1. De Legibus Natura; Disquisitio
Philosophise, Jtc, ct Elementorum Philosophic Hobbianas
Refutatio, Lon., 1672, fol. Lub. ct Francf., 1683, 4to. In
English by J. Maxwell, Lon., 1727, 4to. Abridged in
English by T. Tvrrell, Lon., 1692, Svo. Trans, with Notes
by Rev. John Towers, Dubl., 1750, 4to. In French by
Barbeyrac, Amst., 1744, 4to.
" Ce 'ijvre est un des meilleurs sur le droit naturel, quoique un
peu abstrait."
This work, like mo.st others upon the same difficult sub-
ject, has been superseded by Rutberforth's Institutes of
Natural Law, (Lon., 1754-56, 2 vols. Svo.)
" Which we think decidedly pi'cferable to any other production
on that topic, with which we are acquainted." — Hojfman's Legal
Study. 112.
2. An Essay towards the Recovery of Jewish Weights
and Measures, 1685, Svo.
"It discovers great sagacity, learning, and research. The sub-
ject is attended with many difficulties, which the bishop of Peter-
borough combats, pei-haps as successfully as could reasonably be
expected. The work n.is attacked by Bernard in a Latin work on
the same subject, loiblishi'ii twoyears after; but it is highly spoken
of by Le Clorc." — urme; liiljl. Sib.
" A good treatise on the subject."— Bickersteth : Chris. Sluiknt.
3. Sanchoniatho's Hist, of the Phoenicians, trans, from
Eusebius de Prcparatione Evangelica, with a continuation
of it by Eratosthenes Cyranieus, his Canon, &c., 1720,
Svo, posth.
" A curious and learned work Perhaps there are more learn-
ing and labour thrown away on these fragments, than theh im-
portance deserves."— Orme, ubi supra.
CUM
CUN
4. Origines Gentium Antiquissima; ; or Attempts for
diseoveriug the time of the first plantiug of nations, 1724,
8vo» posth.
'* Many curious and obscure particulars are embraced in this
work. They are very similar to some of the in ves titrations of
Michaelis and Bochart, and are pursued with similar ingenuity
and diligence." — Ibid.
*'See especially Tract iv., Concerning the possibility of a suffi-
cient increase of men from the three sous of Noiih, to a number
large enough to found all fh-- nalirnis mentinnnd in the oldest cre-
dible histories," kz.—McCuUn,:h'^ Lit. of I'uld. Ecnnnmy. 253.
The pastoral industry, atiectidiiate zeal, and fervent
piety of Bishop Cumberland, were as conspicuous as his
learning and theological acumen.
Cumberland, Richard, 1732-lSll, was son of De-
nison Cumberland, Bishop of Kilmnre, grandson of the
celebrated Dr. Bentley, and great-grandson of the Bishop
of Peterborough. He was educated at Westminster and
Trinity College, Cambridge. He became secretary to Lord
Halifax, and in 1780 was employed on a secret mission to
Spain and Portugal, which resulted in a loss of credit and
money. A debt of £5000, expended by him for the pub-
lic service, was disowned by the ministry, and Cumberland
was obliged to part with his patrimony, and retire to Tun-
bridge Wells, where he devoted himself entirely to those
literary pursuits which had been a source of recreation in
better days. We notice some of his principal productions.
His comedies of The West Indian, The Wheel of Fortune,
The Jew, and The Fashionable Lover, were most favour-
ably received, and possess unquestionable merit. Pie dis-
plays a higher tone of morality than dramatic literature can
always claim, and Goldsmith did not hesitate to style him
"The Terence of England, the mender of Hearts."
His novels, Arundel, Henry, and John de Lancaster,
are devoid of that vivacity and sprighttiness which con-
stitute the soul of fiction. How far his female readers
may have resented a characteristic noticed by an eminent
authority, we shall not pretend to determine :
*■ He had a peculiar taste in love affairs, which induced him to
reverse the natural and useful practice of courtship, and to throw
upon the softer sex the task of wooing, which is more gracefully.
as well as naturally, the province of the man." — Sir Walter Scott.
He pub. several theological tracts, a Version of Fifty of
the Psalms of David, The Exodiad, and a poem entitled
Calvary, or the Death of Christ. His Anecdotes of Emi-
nent Painters in Spain during the 16th and I7th centuries,
abound in interesting and curious information. In 1785
he pub. in 2 vols, the series of Essays under the title of
The Observer, enlarged in 1786, pub. in 5 vols, in 1790,
and in 1803 incorporated with the British Classics.
'' The Observer, though the sole labour of an individual, is yet
rich in variety, both of subject and manner; in this respect, in-
deed, as well as in literary interest, and fertility of invention, it
may be classed with the Spectator and Adventurer. If inferior to
the latter in grandeur of fiction, or to the former in delicate irony
and dramatic unity of design, it is wealthier in its literary fund
than either, equally moral in its views, and as abundant in the
creation of incident, I consider it. therefore, with the exception of
the papers just mentioned, as superior, iv Us poivers nf attraction,
to every other periodical composition." — Dr. Drale't: Essays, vol. v.
His last work, pul). in the year of his death, ia entitled
Retrospection, a Poem in Familiar Verse. The work by
which he will be best known to posterity is his Memoirs,
interspersed with Anecdotes and Characters of the Most
Distinguished Persons of his Time, 1806, 4to. Supp.,
1807, 4to. With Illustrative Notes, edited by Henry
Flanders, [see p. 602. post,] Phila., 1856, 8vo.
'■ It is indeed one of the author's most pleasing works, and con-
veys a very accurate idea of his talents, feelings, and character,
with many powerful sketches of the age whii'h has passed away." —
Sir Walter Scott.
Cuming, Patrick. Serm., 1746, 8vo ; do., 1760, Bvo.
Cuiniug, Ralph, M.D. Amanuensis Med. et Chir.,
Lon., 1S06. 8vo.
Cuming, Wm., M.D.. 1714-178S, of Dorchester, Eng-
land, pub. nothing himself, but aided in Hutchin's Hist.
of Dorset, and in other publications.
Cumings, Henry, D.D., of Billerica, Mass., died
182.^. Fourteen Discourses, pub. separately, 1783, &c.
Cumming, Alex., of Boston, Mass., died 1763. Serm.
preached at his own installation, 1761.
'■ It is a specimen of his t,ilents, and of his regard to the truths
of his gospel." — SewaWs Funl. Serm.
Cumming, Alex., d. 1814. Clock and Watch Work,
Lon., 1766, 4to. Gravitation, Edin., 1803, 4to. Broad
Wheels of Carriages, 1804, 4to.
Cumming, James. Fcltbam's Resolves, with an ac-
count of the author, Lon., 1S06, 8vo.
Cumming, John, D.D., b. 1810, a native of Aber-
deenshire, Scotland. In 1832 he became minister of the
Scotch Church in Crown Court, Covent-Garden, London.
*'He has distinguished himself as a popular preacher, an
acute and skilful controversialist, and a diligent and suc-
cessful author." Many pages might be quoted in commen-
dation of his works, although they have not escaped severe
criticism. His writings are so numerous that a mere
enumeration of titles demands more space than we can
well afford. I. Church of Scotland. 2. Apocalyptic
Sketches. 3. Lectures on the Seven Churches. 4. Lect.
on Christ's Miracles. 5. Lect. on the Parables. 6. Lect.
on Daniel. 7. The Finger of God. 8. Christ our Pass-
over. 9. The Comforter. 10. A Message from God. II.
The Great Sacrifice. 12. Christ receiving Sinners. 13. Is
Christianity from God? 14. Sab. M. Headings on Genesis.
15. On Exodus. 16. On Leviticus. 17. Benedictions. 18,
Voices of the Night. 19. Of the Day. 20. Of the Dead.
21. God in History. 22. Infant Salvation. 23. The Baptis-
mal Font. 24. Lectures for the Times. 25. Christian Pa-
triotism. 26. TheCommunion-Table. 27. Almost Protestant,
&c. : 4 Lectures. 28. The Church before the Flood. The
following numbers, 29 to 30 inclusive, have been pub. in a vol.,
under the title of Occasional Discourses: 29. Liberty. 30,
Equality. 31. Fraternity. 32. The Revulutionists. 33.
The True Charter. 34. The True Succession. 35. Psalm
for the Day; Expos, of Ps. xci. 36. Thanksgiving; Ex-
pos, of Ps. ciii. 37. Our Father ; a Week's Family Prayers.
38. An edit, of The Pulpit Psalm Book; Church of Scot>-
land. 39. An edit, of Fox's Book of Martyrs. 40. An
edit, of Albert Barnes's Notes. 41. Trans, of the last
French edit, of Bonaventure's Psalter of the Blessed Vir-
gin. 42. Discussion upon Protestantism, with Daniel
French, Esq., held at Hammeri^mith in April and May,
1839. 43. The Tent and the Altar. 44. Daily FamUy
Devotion, 4to. Other works.
The sale of Dr. Cumming's works has exceeded that of
the productions of any other theological writer of the day.
" The Rev. John Cumming is now the great pulpit orator of Lon-
don, as Edward Irving was some twenty years since. But very
different is the doctor from that strange, wonderfully elotjuent,
but erratic man. There could not by possibility be a greater con-
trast. The one all fire, enthusiasm, and semi-madness; the other
a man of chastened energy aud convincing calmness. The oae
like a meteor, flashing across the troubled sky, and then vanish-
ing suddenly in the darkness; the other like a silver star, shining
serenely, and illuminating our pathway with its steady ray."
"Often have we beard Dr. Cumming, but never without having
noticed that be referred either to the Apocalyptic mysteries or to
Papacy. These are his two great topics. . . . By many able persons
it is considered that Dr. Gumming is mistaken in many of the pre-
dictions which he utters, aud that his great abilities are wasted
on mysteries which, after all, are unfathomable by mortal mind."^
Pen-Fictures of Popular English Preachers, ed. 1852, 13-28, g. v.
"Careful research, acute argmnent, brilliant illustration, graphic
description, and eloquent appeal, all unite in enriching and embel-
lishing his papers, [Lectures for the Times,] alluring the most indif-
ferent to read, and compelling the most prejudiced against his
views to pause and consider." — Edinburgh Ecde.nustical Journal.
Cuminiug, Preston, Dictionary of Congregational
Principles, Boston, 1852, 12mo.
Cummiug, R. G, Five Years' Lion Hunting in
South Africa, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed.. 1850.
'* It is difficult to lay the volumes down until the issue of each
adventure, as they rapidly follow one another, has been ascer-
tained."— Lon. Quart. Ifeview.
Cummin^s, Abr., 1755-1827. Theolog. treatises.
CumminE:s, George. Sermon, Lon., 1713, 8vo.
Ciimmiiig^s, Jacob A,, 1773-1820, of Boston, pub.
a number of popular educational works.
Cummings, Maria, an American authoress. The
Lamplighter, Boston, 1854, 12mo. So great is the popularity
of this work, that 40,000 copies were issued within eight
weeks from its first publication, and seventy thousand in
about a twelvemonth.
"There is to us a charm about this story which we cannot fully
express. . . . We thank Miss Cummings heartily for the pleasure
she has given, and is yet to give, to thousands of readers. May
her present success — deserved alike by the merits of her book and
her motive in writing it — stimulate her to fm'ther and to more
Buccessfui exertions I" — Norton's Lit. Gazette.
Mabel Vaugban, Bost., 1857, 12mo.
"It is a charming story, to which the character of 'Rose' gives
the same interest and beauty which little 'Gertrude' and the old
'Lamphghter* gave to the author's first production; while, con-
sidered as a piece of literary mechanism, it is more finished and
better sustained. The interest of the stoiy does nut flag, and its
arrangement and execution are far in advance of 'The Lamp-
lighter.' "
Cummings, R. T. Church of Ireland. 12mo.
Cummying, Mrs. Susannah. Estelle, Lon., 1798,
2 vols. 12mo. Juvenile Biography, or the Lives of Little
Children, 1801, 2 vols. 12mo.
Cuuinghame, Alex, Dissertatio Medica de Epilep-
sia. Lugd. Bat, 1725, 4to.
Cuuinghame, David, Dissertatio Medica de Dy-
sentaria, Tr. ad Kh., 1725, 4to.
CUN
Cmiiiigliame, James. Warnings, Lon., 1711, 8vo.
Cuninghame, Mm. Evidences, Lon., 1804, 12mo.
Levi's Diss, on Prophecies, ISIO, 8vo. Apostasy of the
Church of Koine, 1818, 8vo. Seals and Trumpets of the
Apocalypse, &c., 1813, 8vo; 4th ed., 1843, 8vo.
•' Few works which have lately appeared on the Apocilypse have
higher claims to the character of research and InRenuity. Many
of'his remarks on the seals and trumpets are original and weu
'"" A Mdierly written and truly valuable work."— T. H. House.
See Lon. Christian Observer, xiii. 163-180.
"This work contains much valuable instruction, just applica-
tion and true exposition All of Mr C.'s works deserve consi-
deration."—Bickebsteth : see Christian Student and Guide to tbe
Prophecies. , , ., i ui..
This learned layman has pub. several other valuable
theolocical works. . , ^ , .■
"Mr Cuninch.amo deserves well of every friend to revelation
for his zeal and perseverance in defending its evidence and illus-
trating its subjects."— Obme: BiW. B.6. -,~,. ,.
Cunn, Samuel. Mathcmat. works, Lon., 1714-4S.
Cunningham, Alexander, 1654-1737 ? a native of
Ettrick, Scotland, was British Envoy to Venice, 1713-20.
The celebrated criticisms on Horace, pub. in 1721, 2 vols.
8vo, and some remarks on Virgil, pub. 1742, have been
■ittributed to this person, but there seems to be but little
doubt that the annotations in ciuestiou are to he ascribed
to another Alexander Cunningham, who died at the Hague
in 1730. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet, and Scots Mag. for
Oct 1804. The subject of this article wrote The History
of (i'reat Britain from 1688 to the Accession of George I.
Trans, from the Latin into English, by Rev. Dr. Wm. Thom-
son, and pub. by Rev. Dr. Thos. HoUingberry.
" it contains manv curious anecdotes and tacts not to he found
in other histories, and which throw new light on several important
transactions in this kingdom." r t>i i
Cunningham, Allan, 1785-1842, a native of Black-
wood near Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was the
son of a gardener. He was apprenticed to his uncle, a
country mason, but feeling dissatisfied with this position,
he removed in 1810 to London, whore he became connected
with the newspaper press. In 1814 ho was so fortunate as
to obtain the situation of Clerk and overseer of the esta-
blishment of tlie celebrated sculptor, Sir Francis Chantrcy.
This association was only dissolved by the death of Sir
Francis in November, 1841. Cunningham survived his
friend and patron less than a twelvemonth. He industriously
devoted his leisure time to those literary pursuits lor which
he had a sta-ong natural predilection, and obtained an ho-
nourable position among the celebrities of the day. Among
his earlier compositions were many of the pieces in Cromek s
Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway Song, pub. in ISIO;
q. V. In 1822 appeared his dramatic poem of Sir Marma-
duke Maxwell. .
"Manv parts of the poetry are eminently beautiful. . ..ihe
feult which, I think, attaches to Lord Maxwell, is a want of distinct
precision and intelligibility about the story, wliich counter.acts.
especially with ordinary readers, the effect ol beautiful and forciUe
diction, poetical imagery, and animated description. — iir HufJtr
Scott's Utters U< Ua AuHmr. , „„„ „ i
2. Traditionary Tales of the Peasantry, 1822, 2 vols.
3 LordRoldan; a Romance, 3 vols. 4. Sir Michael Scott ;
a Romance, 3 vols. 5. Paul Jones ; a Romance, 3 vols.
"It has established the author's character as one of the most dis-
tinguished writers in the province of fiction."- iwj.iv; Jlfoii(W^J/.i;7.
6 The Maid of Elwar; a Komanee. 7. Songs of Scot-
land, Ancient and Modern, with an Essay and Notes, his-
torical and literary, 1825, 4 vols. cr. 8vo. ^
" ' The Ettrick fhepherd has collected not a few of those things._
said Scott, ' and 1 suppose many snatches of song may yet^be found.
Cmni-ngimm: ' T have gathered many such things myself, !^ir V al-
ter and as I still propose to make a collection of all Scottish songs
of poetic merit. I shall work up many of my .stray verses and cu-
rious anecdotes in the notes.' Scott: •lamgl.adthatyouareabout
such a thing : any help xvhich I can give you, you may command ;
ask me auy questions, no matter how many, I shall answer them
if I can Don't be timid in your selection ; our ancestors fouglit
boldly, spoke boldly, and sang boldly too."' gee Cunningham s
llecoilections of Scott, in Lockhart's Biography of Sir -(V alter.
8 Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculp-
tors', and Architects, 1829-33, 6 vols. 12mo. In Murray's
Family Library. Perhaps the most popular of Cunning-
ham's works. ,.,.,. . ,.
"The critical observations profusely scattered through these
Biographies will render them useful to the student, while the per-
sonal .anecdotes with which they abound make them equally allur-
ing to the ordinary reader." 1 Ti-r.
9. Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Literature of the last !• itty
Years; pub. in the London Athen.Tum for 1833 ; repub. in
Paris Svo. 10. Tlio Works of Robert Burns, with a New
Life and Notes, 1834; 2d edit, 1835, 8 vols. 8vo. This edi-
tion is highly commended. 11. Biog. and Crit. Disserta-
tions to Major's Cabinet Gallery of Pictures, 1833-34,
2 vols. r. Svo; 73 beautiful engravings.
4eo
CDN
" A magnificent work, and a treasury of instructive criticism."
—Dr. Dihd-in's Hemmisccnces.
Only two days before his death Cunningham completed,
12 The Life, Journals, and Correspondence of his friend
Sir David Wilkie, pub. in 1843, in 3 vols. Svo. Sir Robert
Peel had remarked,
" If ever Sir David Wilkie's correspondence shall see the light,
it will, I am confident, serve to add to the honour in "hich he is
already held, from the devotion which is manifest to his art, and
the generosity which it testifies towards every competitor.
It is no small praise conferred by a London journal of
high authority, that , ■ , .„ .
"Mr lllan Cunninglmm has done justice to his sulject. ana
produced a work of great interest and utility ."-CraU'm.msJ/ay.
In addition to the works noticed above, we should not
omit to record the fact that, Mr. Cunningham was a contri-
butor to the excellent Conversation Lexicon, pub. by Blackie
& Son, of Edinburgh, in 28 parts, and to several of the
periodicals of the day. In 1847 an edit, of his Poems and
Songs was pub. by his son, Mr. Peter Cunningham.
" •The works of the most tender and pathetic of the Scottish min-
strels, in a cheap and elegant form."-i;!acli»ood's Mag
Many interesting particulars, letters, ic relative to oul
author will be found in Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott,
with an extract from which, and a few lines from a distin-
euished female critic, we must conclude our article: _
-NmemJx'rli.—Vfe breakfasted at honest Allan Cunningham s
—honest Allan— a leal and true Scotchman of the old cast. A
man of genius, besides, who only requires the tact of knowing
when and where to stop, to attain the universid praise which ought
to follow it, 1 look upon the alteration of 'It s hame and it s
hame,' and ' A wet sheet and ,i tl.iwing sea,' as among the best songs .
going His prose has often a.liidralile passages; but he is obscure,
Ind overlays his meaning, vlii.h "ill not do now-a-days, when he
who runs must read.'-.«/- ir,.ttr .Sco«'s Wo.;^.
" His ballads and lyiical pieces are exquisite in feeling, chaste
and elegant in style, graceful in expression, and natural in concei^
tion- they will bear the strictest and most critical inspection of
those who consider elaborate flourish to be, at least, the second re-
quisite of the writers of song."— Mas. Hall.
Cunningham, Francis. Origen against Celsus,
Caml. ISl'i, Svo. Letter to Lord Bexley, 1827, Svo.
Cunningham, Francis. Trans, of Gicseler's Text-
Book of Ecclesiastical History, Lon., 1842, 3 vols. Svo.
See Davidson, Rev. Samuel, LL.D. „ - .
" I prefer Oieseler's to any other Church history."— PROF. StcabT.
Cunningham, G. Cheerful Companion; Songs,
Catches, and Glees, 1797. .
Cunningham, George Godfrey. Forfg" Tales
and Traditions, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. Editor of A History of
England in the Lives of Englishmen ; last edit., 1853. 8 vols.
8vc^ Lon. and Ediu. This excellent work is beyond all
praise We have occasionally been indebted to its learned
and attractive pages, as the reader will observe by the re-
ferences in the present work. We should dwell longer upon
its merits, but that we find ready for our purpose the fol-
lowing eulogies from sources of a higher character than ..
" " In"ori.d™litv and excellence of plan, this work is entitled to
command an exfensive sale. The matter for ™P!°.'"^"^,':f.^,V'' '°°:
densalion.and the style for clearness, vigour, and ™P»' "'''y- "^
emi.u-ntlv distinguished. The introductions are excellent, and
™ uownitliy of our very best constitutional writers. -Lon.
*"'l/mbSyin'-'the history of England in the lives of Englishmen,
and the nl^refi approach,' compatibl.. with truth, to »he h.st-cal
Tilavs of Shakspeare. and the historical ooycls of ^cott. « e w .iruiiy
Sommend the work as a mine of valuable information presented
in the most attractive torm."—Tait s i^iui. Mug.
Cunningham, Isabella, Countess of Glencairn. A
Letter to thJ Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, Bristol, 1812, 4to.
Cunningham, J. W., Vicar of Harrow AV orld with-
out Souls, Lon., 180.5, 12rao; ni.any edits Esj^y™ 1°?"-
duc. Christianity in India, 1808, Svo. The Velvet Cushion,
1814 Svo; many edits. It excited much controversy.
Muriiing Thouglits, 1825, 12mo. De Rauce ; a Poem, Svo.
Serms., 3d edit, 1823, 2 vols. Svo, and 1824. Lectures on
Jonah. Other works. .
Cunningham, James. Essay upon the In^"'Pt'»°
of Macduff's Crosse in Fyfe. By I. C, Edin., 1678, 4to,
also attributed to James Carmichael.
" K learned essay."— Bisuop Nicolsos: Sent. Hist. iiO.
In Floridum Asaphensem Episcopum, Scotorum Reges,
Rcnum, Ritus sacros, ic, 1685. ... >•
A writer "who slew the Bishop of St. Asaph in verse.
Fi'rfc Bp. Nicolson, lit; siijjra.
Cunningham, James. Voyage to China ic, m
Phil. Trans., 1702: and in Harris's Voyages, i. biZ. t.on.
*° Cunnhigham, Major James. Brigade "f I^f^^'^y
1804, 4to. Tlie T.ielies of the Briti.sl. Army 1S04, 4to.
Cunningham, John, 1729-1773, a native of Dub-
lin an actor, gained considerable reputation as a poet.
CUN
CUR
Love in a Mist; a Farce, Dnbl., 1747. Elegy on n Pile '
of Ruins. The Contemplatist; a Night Piece, 1762, 4to.
Fortune; an Apologue, 1765, 4to. Poems, chiefly Pas-
toral, Lon., 1766, 8vo; Eilin., 1781, 12mo.
Cuuniughara, John. Copernican System, Lon.,
1789, 8vo.
Cunningham, Sir John, a lawyer and antiquary,
wrote notes on that part of Antonine's Itinerary which
respects Scotland. 8eo Nieolson's Scot. Hist. Lib.
Cunningham, Capt. Joseph D, A History of the
Sikhs, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
'' A more systematic history of the sect calked Sikbs than we had
hitherto obtained from the many interesting; sketches which have
appeared on the subject." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
Cunningham, Josh. Eccles. Courts in Ireland, 1834.
Cunningham, Josias. Miscell. Poems, 1764, fol.
Cunningham, Lady Margaret, a part of her Life ;
edited by C. K. Sharjio, Edin., 1826. 4to. Privately printed.
Cunningham, Peter, surgeon R. N. Hints for Aus-
tralian Emigrants, Lon., 1841, p. 8vo. Two Years in New
South Wales, 1828, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
" The best book of general information that has been written on
that interesting country." — Lon. Monthly Mag.
Essays on Electricity, Lon., 1834, p. 8vo.
Cuuniugham, Peter, b. 1«16, in Pimlico, eldest son
of Allan Cunningham, {ante,) and a sun-in-law of John
Martin, the painter, became a junior-clerk in the Audit-
Office in 1834, and a chiof-clerk in 1854. 1. The Life of
Drummond of Hawthornden, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Songs
of England and Scotland, 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Campbell's
Spec, of the Brit. Poets. Ac, 1841, r. Svo. 4. The Hand-
Book for Visitors to Wcjitminster Abbey. 1842, fp. Svo.
*' A very complete and iiittrlligeut guide." — Lon. Spectator.
5. The Life of luigo Jones, 1848. 6. Hand-Book of
London, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1850, p. Svo.
"The extraordinary research displayed by the author gives hia
work a literary cliarm which ia a novelty in a dictionary." —
Cliambers's Edin. Jour.
7. Modern London, 1851, fp. Svo; 3d ed., 1854, fp. Svo.
" It is one of the excellencies of this little volume that wherever
genius has left a footmark Mr. Cunningham's sympathies induce
him to guide us to the track." — Lon. Quar. Kev., April, 1854.
8. The Story of Nell Gwyune, <tc., 1852, p. Svo. 9. Pre-
fatory Memoir of J. M. W. Turner, prefixed to John Bur-
net's Turner and his Works, 1852. 4to. 10. The Works
of Oliver (ioldsmith, 1854, 4 vols. Svo.
"Mr. Cuuningh.ani. whose scrupulous exactness is generally
known, has furnished the first complete and accurate reprint of
Goldsmith. Numerous errors which had crept into previous edi-
tions are corrected, omitted passages are restored, and entire pieces
have been added. . . . The new edition of the wi-rks nf f^ddsniith
forms part of a series of the British Classics whiih U iiinlntilitiiily
the best selected and edited, the cheapest and tliehaiidsonirst, that
has ever issued from the press." — Lon. Quar. Eev., Oct. 1854.
11. Johnson's Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets,
&c.f 1854, 3 vols. Svo. An excellent edition. 12. The Works
of Alexander Pope: see Choker, Rt. Hon. John Wilson,
B.C.L. 13. The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford,
Ac., 1857-58, 9 vols. Svo : see Athen., 1857. '58. Mr. Cunning-
ham has contributed a number of articles to Eraser's Mag,.
Household Words, The Athonjcum, Illust. London News, &c.
Cunningham, Timothy. Tithes, 4th ed., Lon.,
1777, 8vo. Bills of Exchange, 6th ed., 1778, 8vo. Super-
seded. Merchant's Lawyer, 3d ed., 1768, 2 vols. Svo. Law
Diet, 3d ed.. 17S2, '83, 2 vols. 4to. A useful work for obso-
lete words in charters, Ac, Laws resp. Game, 1764, 12mo.
Cases in K. B., 1766, fol. Pleadings in Actions, 1771, 4to.
Customs. Ac. .3d ed., 1778, Svo. Inns of Court and Chancery.
1780, Svo. and 1790. Rights of Election, 1783, 2 vols. Svo^
Law of Simony, 1784. Svo. Laws and Constitution, 1763,
Svo. Lord Ward's Justices of the Peace, 1 762, 2 vols. Svo.
Cunningham, \Vm., M.D. Lecturer in 1565 at Sur-
geons' Hall. London. The Cosmographical Glasse, Lon.,
1559, fol. Almanack, 1566, Svo and 16mo. Comment on
nippocratcs, &e.
Cnnnin$;ham, Wni., D.D. Veto Act, Edin., 1S40,
Svo. Speech, 1841.
Cunnin^hame. Explication of Thnssel's Banner.
With a Plato of the Banner, 1640, 4to.
Cunninghame, VVm. Principles of the Constitu-
tion of Govornments, with Elustrations from the Classics,
Lon., 1811. 4to; 1S13. Svo.
Cunynghamc, Alex. Sermon, 1770, Svo.
Cupper, Wm. Ccrtaine Sermons, Lon., 1592, Svo.
Curate, Jacob. Scotch Presb, Eloquence, Lon.,
1692, 4to.
Curling, Thomas B., Assist. Surg, to the London
Hospital. Diseases of the Testis, &c., Lon., 1843, Svo. A
Treatise on Tetanus, 1S36, Svo.
"The best monograph extant on tetanus." — Annals of Med,
Diseases of the Rectum : 2d ed., Svo.
Cnrll, Edmund, d. 1748, a London bookseller, ia
embalmed in the bitter herbs of the Dunciad. Curlism
Di.splayed, Lon., 1712, 12mo. Attcrburyaua, 1727, 12mo.
Court Secrets, 1727, 12mo. The unfortunate bibliopole
lost his ears for publishing some licentious pieces. If the
same justice were now meted out to the cm/t, manj pri-
i^atrrrs would be in danger of eapture.
Curll, Walter, Bishop of Winchester. Serm., Lon.,
1622, 4to ; rcpub. in 1712, Svo, with Some Account of
Walter, Bishop of Winchester, &g.
Curr, Edward. Van Diemen's Land, Lon., 1820,
12mo. See Articles on the Australian Colonies, and no-
tices on the above '* excellent work" in the Lon. Quart,
and the Westm. Reviews.
Curr, John. The Pr.aetical Coal Viewer and Engine
Builder's Conipaniun, 1797, 4to.
Curran, John Phili>ot, 1750-1817, an eminent
member of the Irish Bar and House <if Commons, was a
native of Newmarket, near Cork. He succeeded Mr.
Ponsonby as Master of the Rolls, and retired in 1814 on
a pension of £3000 per annum. *' He animated every
debate with all his powers. He was copious, splendid,
full of wit, and life, and ardour." Speeches, Dubl., 1805,
Svo; 1808; new ed., with a Memoir, 1845. Svo; do., 1847.
Life by his son, W. 11. Curran, 1819, 2 vols. Svo. Letters
to Rev. H. Weston, 1819, 8vo. Memoirs of, by Wm. O'Ro-
gan, 1817, Svo. Recollections ofj by Charles Phillips,
1818, 8vo; 4th ed., 1851, Svo.
" Certainly ooe of the most extraordinary pieces of biography
ever produced. Nothing can be more lively and picturesque than
its representation of the famous original. The reader can hardly
be said not to have known Ourran and Curran's contemporaries.
It has been justly said of this admirable work that it is Boswell
minus Bozzy." — Lord Bbouoham.
The Life of Curran, by his Son, (nt supra,) was repub-
lished in New York in 1819, and again in 1855, edited by
Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie, with considerable additions, &,c.
Curray. Collection of Sentences, 1732.
Currey, C. The Four Gospels exhibited as one con-
tinued Narrative, Lon., 1834, 4to.
■■An unassuming Imt neatly executed volume." — T. H. IIorn^e.
Currey, George. Hulsean Lectures, 1851, Camb.,
1851. 8vo.
Currie, James, M.D., 1756-1S05, a native of Dum-
friesshire, Scotland, practised medicine at Edinburgh and
Liverpool, and finally settled at Bath on account of ill
health. Letter to Pitt, commercial and political, by J.
Wilson, 1793. Water in Fever. 1797, Svo; 5th ed., 1814,
2 vols. Svo. Of Tetanus ; Med. Mem., iii. 147. Immer-
sion in Water; Phil. Trans., 1792. The foUuwiug work
was generously undertaken for the benefit of the poet's
widow and children : The Works of Robert Burns, with
Life and Criticism, Liverp., ISOO, 4 vols. Svo; again in
1814: 1820, with addit. notes by Gilbert Burns. Dr. Cur-
rio's Jlcmoir of Burns has been incorporated with later
editions. See Burns, Robert.
" If you have not got Currie's edition of Burns, you will thank
me for telling you of it." — Sir Jamks Mackintosu.
"As a comp.ict and regular memoir, the work is a failure. . . ,
The charm lii-s in the perfect sincerity, fine sensibility, and easy
.style (if the wlml.. cnnipo.sition. ... It was a labour of love and
of charity. . . Thf good aud generous Currie." — All.\n Cunningbam.
Currie, Wm., M.D. Foxglove: Mem. Med., iv. 10,
1795. Insalubrity of Marshy Situations; Trans. Amen.
Soc. 1799.
Curry, G, G., M. D. Tetanus; Med. Trans., 1813.
Curry, James, M. D. Drowning, 1792, Svo. Mer-
cury, 1810, Svo. Causes of the late high Price of Provi-
sions. 1815, Svo.
Curry, John, M.D. Fevers, 1773; Nature of ditto,
1774. Hist. Review of the Civil Wars of Ireland, Lon.,
1775, 4to, anon. ; 2d ed., with name, enlarged and edited
by C. O'Conor, 1786, 2 vols. Svo.
"A valuable work by honest Curry,'* — THOMAS Moore.
Hist. Mem. of the Irish Rebellion in 1041.
Curry, Thomas, and W« B. Miller. Reports of
Cases in S. Court of Louisiana, 1830—11, 19 vols.. New
Orleans, 1831-41. The first 5 vols, reported by Miller,
the remaining 14 by Curry.
Curry, Otway, of Cincinnati. Poems.
Cnrry, >Vm. Abridgt. aud Cont. of Blackstone's
Commentaries, Lon., 1796, Svo; 2d ed., 1809, Svo.
" Ably executed, and extremely useful for revision." — Hoffman's
Leg. Slu.
Curson, Henry. Lex Customaria, 1696, Svo. Comp,
of Laws. 1699, 12mo. Sciences Illustrated, 1702, Svo.
Estates Taile, 1703, Svo. Arcana Cleriealia, 1705, Svo.
Curson, Jolin. Vindication from Aspersions.
Curteis, Tliomas. Essays and Sermons, 1704^31.
461
CUR
CUR
Curteis, Thomas, Serm., Maidstone, 1820, Svo.
Curteis, W, C. Reports Ecclesiastical Courts, 1834
-44, Lon., 1840-44, 3 vols. Svo. Case of Mastin r. Escott,
1842, Svo.
Cutties, Mariauue, Classical Pastime, in a Set of
Poetical Euigmas on the Planets and Zodiacal Signs,
1818. 8ro.
Curties, T. J. Horseley. Novels, 1801, '02, '04, '05.
Curtiu, Samuel, M.D. Observations on the Yellow
Fever of the West Indies; Med. Com., 1785.
Curtis* Dissertation on the Unreasonableness, Folly,
and Danger of Infidelity, Lon., 1725, Svo.
Curtis, Alva, M.D., b. 1797, in New Hampshire; for
twenty years editor of Physio-Medical Recorder in Cin-
cinnati. Medical Discussions, 1833, 12mo. Lectures on
Obstetrics, 1838, Svo. Lectures on the Theory and Prac-
tice of Medicine, 1842, Svo; repub. in England, 1847.
Medical Criticisms; or, A Review of all Systems, 1856.
Curtis, Mrs. Anne, sister of Mrs. Siddons. Poems
on Miscellaneous Subjects, Lon., 1783, 12mo.
" Published, we presume, for the sake of the subscription, — which
might be necessary for the authoress. The pubhc in very frequently
addressed in worse poetry." — Lon. Month. Rev., 17S3.
Curtis, Benjamin R., b. 1809, "Watertown, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard University in 1829 ; studied law
under Mr. Justice Story in the same institution; practised
in Boston; appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States, Sept. 1851 ; resigned, and
returned to the Bar, 1857. 1. Reports of Cases in the
Circuit Courts of the United States, Bost., 1854: vols, i.,
ii., 1857.
"It ia almost superfluous to say that these Reports are of great
value. Next to the leading elementary treatises, and the reports
of decisions in his own State, every American lawyer most needs the
reports of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and of
the several associate justices thereof in their respective circuits."
2. Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States,
with Notes and a Digest, comprising the Cases reported by
Dallas, 4 vols. ; Cranch, 9 vols. ; ^yheaton, 12 vols. ; Peters,
16 vols.; Howard, 17 vols. ; Bost,, 22 vols., including a
Digest. The Old Series of these Reports are in 58 volumes,
the catalogue price of which is $222. This edition is pub.
at $3 per vol.
"This work contains the decisions of the Supreme Court of the
United States. The opinions of the Court are in all cases given as
they have been printed by the authorized reporters, after correct-
ing such errors of the press or of citation aa a careful examination
of the test has disclosed.
*' I have endeavored to give in the head-notes the snhstance of
each decision. They are designed to show the points decided hy
the court, not the dicta or reasonings of the judges.
"The statements of the cases have been made as brief as pos-
sible. For many yeare. it has been the habit of all the judges of
this court to set forth in their opinions the facts of the cases as
the court viewed them in making their decisions. Such a stato-
nient, when complete, renders any other superfluous. When nut
found complete, I have not attempted to restate the whole case, but
have supplied, in the report, such fects or documents as seemed to
me to be wanting.
"In some cases turning upon questions or complicated states
of fact, and not involving any matter of law, I have not thought
it necessary to encumber the work with detailed statements of
evidence which no one would find it useful to recnr to. These in-
stances, however, are few.
" To each case is appended a note referring to all subsequent
decisions in which the case in the test has been mentioned. It
will thus be easy to ascertain whether a decision has been over-
ruled, doubted, qualified, explained, or affirmed, and to see what
other appUcatiuus have been made of the same or analogous prin-
ciples.
"The paging of the authorized reporters has be«n preserved at
the head of each case, and in each margin of each page, for con-
venience of reference; the reporters being designated by their
initials,— D. for Dallas, C. for Cranch, W. for Wheaton, P. for
Peters. H. for Howard." — Extract front the Preface.
" We approve the plan of Mr. Justice Curtis's ' Decisions of the
Supreme Court of the United States,' and believe that its execu-
tion by him will be of much utility to the legal profession and to
our country.
"Roger B. Tanet, Chief Justice.
" I'ETER T. Daniel, Associate Justice.
"John McLean, Associate Justice.
"Samuel Nelson, Associaie Justice.
"James M. W^afne, Associate Justice.
"Robert C. Grier, Associate Justice.
"John Catron, Associate Justice.
"S. A. Campbell, Associate Justice."
3. A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the
United States, from the Origin of the Court to the Close of
the December Term, 1854, Svo.
Curtis, Charles, M.D. Diseases of India, Edin..
1807. Svo.
Curtis, Charles. Answer to Dr. Parr, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Curtis, George Ticknor, b. 1812, at "Watertown,
Mass., an eminent legal writer of Boston. 1. A Digest of
Cases adjudicated in the Courts of Admiralty in the U.S.
and in the II.C. of Admiralty in England. Bost., 1839, Svo.
2. A Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Common Law
and Admiralty in the U.S. : vol, i., by T. Metcalf and J, C.
Perkins; vols. ii. and iii., by G. T. Curtis, Bost., 1S40-46,
3 vols. Svo. 3. A Treatise on the Rights and Duties of
Merchant Seamen according to the General Maritime Law
and the Statutes of the U.S., Bost,, 1841, Svo; Lon., Svo.
"I think the work is Avritten with great ability, accuracy, and
learning, and, if published, it will constitute by far the most
valuable treatise now in existence on this highly-important branch
of law, and will be worthy of extensivf public patronage." — Joseph
Storv.
This work should accompany Abbot on Shipping, (q.v.)
4. The American Conveyancer, Bost., 1846, 12mo; new
ed., 1847.
"Tliis work has evidently been prepared with great care."
5. A Treatise on the Law of Copyright, &c. as adminis-
tered in Eng. and Amer.. Bost., 1847, Svo; Lon., r. Svo.
" So far as we know, there is in our language no work upon
literary property so complete and satisfactory as this treatise by
Mr. Curtis.'' — N. Amcr. liev.
** A full and lucid exposition of the law as it is upon the subject
in question." — Western Laiv Journal.
6. Treatise on the Law of Patents for Useful Inventions
in the U.S. of America, Bost.. 1849. Svo.
"It is valuable not only to gentlemen of the law, but to the
originators and proprietors of useful inventions generally." — Law
Mcporter.
7. Equity Precedents : designed as a Supplement to
illustrate and accompany Mr. Justice Story's Treatise on
Equity Pleadings : vol. i., 1S50, Svo.
"We are much pleased to see a collection of really useful Equity
precede, nts collected and edited in the very excellent manner in
which3Ir. Curtis has prepared this book." — American Law Journal.
8. The Inventor's Manual and Guide to the Patent-
Office, Boston, 12xno.
"This is an important work for ingenious men. showing them,
when they have made a patentable invention, how a patent is to
be obtained and how to protect it from infringement. It is the
design of the book to explain the law of Patents to practical men,
and to give full directions how to obtain, renew, or extend a patent."
9. History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of
the Constitution of the U. States, with Notices of its Prin-
cipal Framers, New York, Svo : vol. i., pp. 500, pub. in
1855 ; vol. ii., pp. 653, 1858. In the preparation of this work
the Hon. Daniel Webster took a lively interest, and almost
with his dying breath urged Mr. Curtis to complete what
he had undertaken. Mr. Webster at one time designed a
work of this character himself.
"Yuu have a future; I have none. Yon are writing a History
of the Constitution. Ton will write that work : I shall not. Go on,
by all means: and you shall have every aid tlmt I can give you."
These words were spoken by Mr. Webster but a short
time before his death.
See a review of vol. i. in Norton's Literary Gazette,
New York, Jan. 1, 1855.
" Mr. Curtis writes with\'igour and dignity; and his work, if the
second volume be equal to the first, will be one of permanent in-
terest."— Lfjn. Athenicum.
" In fulness and cxplicitness of detail, clearness of method, im-
partiality of statement, and the pervading spirit of reverence and
love for the Constitution and the Union, Mr. Curtis has equalled
the highest expectations of his friends and the demands of the
theme. His history umst take its place among the standard works
in its department. AVhile it will be read with unflagging interest,
its copious index fits it to be a permanent refereuce-book aa to the
whole ground that it covers." — N. Amer, Rev., clxxx., July, 185S.
(Review of vol. ii.)
10. Commentaries on the Jurisdiction, Practice, and
Peculiar Jurisprudence of the Courts of the United States,
Phila., 2 vols. Svo: vol. 1., 1854; vol. ii., 1858.
"Mr. Curtis's Commentaries is a work of much value. Indeed,
it could not fail to be so, coming as it does from the hands of one
so justly eminent in the Profession. I take pleasure in recom-
mending it,— although my recommendation can hardly be necessary
to attract to it the attention of the Profession."— R. B. Tanet.
•* Mr. Curtis's book will be of much service, by the clear and
luminous exposition it contains of matters interesting not merely
to the lawj-er, but also to the statesman and the patriot." — Law
jR^orter, Nov. 1854.
Curtis, George William, bom in 1824. at Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, has attained considerable celebrity
as an author. 1. Nile Notes of a Howadii, New York,
1851. 12mo, Lon., 1852.
•' A brilliant book, full of vivid feeling and fancy." — Lsigh Hunt.
"Of such a land what new thing remains for prose-poet to sing
or word-painter to draw? The answer is this httle book,— tlie
unrhymed poem— wild, wilful, fantastic, but very beautiful — of a
wantk-rer from beyond the Atlantic, who has brought a fresh eye
and heart to see the wonders of Egjpt and a master-hand to re-
cord tbem." — Lon. Weekly JVews.
" We heartily congratulate American literature on this addition
to the list in which Melville, Ik 3IarveI, and Dr. Mayo flourish.'' —
A\"iv I'ork Albion.
" Our Ilowadji is a gentleman of exquisite poetic taste, refined
but glowing in feehng and fancy, polished in his style, and alto-
gether a most captivating writer."
CUR
CUS
2. The Tlowndji in Syria, New York, 1S52, 12rao; Lon.,
1852. 3. Lotus Eating, a Summer Book, New York, 1S52,
12mo; Lon.. 1852.
*' Brilliaut. sketchy, and here and there phil<isophica!. . . . Th«^u?h '
at times a little too highly coloured, yet it is gracefully written, |
and will add to the time of its Howadji author." — NorUni's Lite- I
rary Gazette. I
4. The Pntiphar Papers, reprinted from Putnam's (New
York) Monthly Magazine, with Illustrations by Augustus
Hoppin, New York, 1854, 12mo. j
" To readers outside the pale of fashionable frivolity they will i
be recommended by their gayety of hiimnur no lees than by their I
sharp satire. An specimens of polished invective, they are rivalled
by the productions of few of our modern Juvenals." — Oeorqe
Ripley. \
5. Prue and I, N. York, 1856, 12mo. Rural Essays, I
by A. J. Downing, t-dited by G. W. Curtis, with a Memoir
of the author. See Downing, A. J.
Curtis, Henry« Beauties of the Rose, pub. in num-
bers, Lon., 1851, Ac, 4to.
"Curtis's Beauties of the Rose will make a splendid work." —
Gard'mers' and Land Stnvards\Journal.
Curtis, Jas, Travels in Barbary in 1801, Lon., 1803.
Curtis, John. British Entomology, Lon., 1824-40,
193 Nos., 16 vols. r. 8vo, £43 16«. New issue in course
of publication.
*'For ele?:ance of desi^rn, accuracy of execution, and beauty of
drawing, this work cannot be exceeded." — W<ii>d's Oit. of Inspects.
Curtis, John H. Diseases of the Ear, Lon., 8voj
5th ed., 1836.
''The results of his experience appear to have been particularly
favourable." — Lon. Akd. ami Phys. Journal.
Present State of Aural Surgery.
" The author appears well versed in its diseases." — Lon. Lancet.
Diseases of the Eye, 2d ed., 1835, 8vo.
" Whoever will attend to the sensible advice given in the chap-
ter on sight and spectacles, will have reason to thank Mr. Curtis
for an unimpaired eyesi^^ht to old aa;e." — Lon. Med. and Fhys. Jour.
Essay on the Deaf and Dumb.
'*■ Mr. Curtis is entitled to the best thanks of the public." — Lon.
Lancet.
Mr. C. has pub. other valuable works.
Curtis, R. Treatise on the Teeth, Oxf., 1769, 12mo.
Curtis, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons,
1573, 75, '76. Trans, of Cardinalis's Treat, on Rom. i. 20,
&c., 1577, 8vo,
Curtis, Lt. Roger. Particulars of the Country of
Labradore. See Ph-il. Trans., 1774.
Curtis, Samuel. A Monograph on the Genus Ca-
mellia, Lon., 1822, large fol. £3 3«., col'd. £6 IBs. 6^;. The
plates are from nature, by Clara Maria Pope. In conjunc-
tion with Sir W. J. Hooker. Mr. Curtis superintended the
New Series of the Botanical Magazine.
Curtis, Thomas. The Existing Monopoly, &c. Aut.
Vers, of the Scriptures. Lon., 1833, 8vo. See Home's In-
troduction to the Scriptures.
Curtis, William, 1746-1799, a native of Alton,
Hampshire, had botanical gardens successively at Ber-
mondsey, Lambeth, Marsh, and Brompton. 1. Collecting
Insects, &c., 1771, 8vo. 2. Fundamenta Entomologiie ;
trans, from Linnasus, with addits., Lon., 1772, 4to. 3. Flora
Londinensis, Lon., 1774, Ac., fol., revised and improved,
by George Graves, extended and continued by Sir W. J.
Hooker, Lon., 1835, 5 vols. r. fol., (109 parts,) 647 plates.
This splendid work, pub. at £87 4*., has been offered within
the last few years for £25 to £30.
"This is to the present hour, the only extensive work on the
IndiLjenous Botany of this country, which tribes well-coloured re-
presentations of the plants in their pull natural size. . . . This
important work is now brought to a close, and may justly boast
of unrivalled excellence, undiminished splendour, and unabated
accuracy." — Lon. Monthly Review.
The three grandest Indigenous Floras ever published
are The Flora Londinensis, The Flora Danica, and Sib-
thorp's Flora Grseca.
4. The Brown Tail Moth, 1782, 4to. 5. Cat. of Plants
in the Lon. Botan, Garden, 1784, 12mo. 6. Comp. to the
Botan. Mag., 1788, 8vo. 7. Lectures on Botany, arranged
by Saml. Curtis, 1803, '04, 2 vols. 8vo. 8. Practical Ob-
servations on the British Grasses, 1790, 8vo ; several edits.,
1812, 8vo.
'• A very useful volume. ... No subsequent work has over-
done the merits of the hook in the small compass it contains.
The portraits are true in the likeness and correct in the execu-
tion."— Donald iion\<: AgricuU. Biog.
Some of Mr. C.'s papers will be found in Trans. Linn.
Soc, 1791, 1802.
To him we are indebted for the origination of the Bota-
nical Magazine, commenced in 1737; new series, edited
by Samuel Curtis and Sir W. J. Hooker. Complete sets of
this work, lacking the last few years, which can be readily
supplied, can be had in London. The volumes from 1787
to 1842, containing nearly 4000 plates, accurately drawn
and coloured after nature, subscription-price upwards of
one hnndred f/uineas, can be purchased for £35 to £45, ac-
cording to binding and condition.
Curtis, Wm. Observ. on the New Com Bill, 1804, 8vo.
Curtiss, N. M., author of Byron Blonday, Haunted
Chief, Prairie-Guide, Maid of Saranac, and numerous other
Lovelettcs.
Curtois, John. Serms., 1684, '85. Essay, 1679.
Curwen, B. Proceed, against Sir F. Burdctt, 1810, 8vo.
Curweu, John C, M.P. Speeches, 1797. 180'J,
Hints on Feeding Stock and Bettering the Condition of
the Poor, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Observations on the State of Ireland, principally directed
to its Agriculture and Rural Population, Lon., 1818, 2
vols. Svo.
"The reflections of a man of pood sense, good feelinps. liberal
sentiments, and comprehensive views." — Lon. Monthly Rn'i'ic.
Curzon, Fre. Lays and Legends of the West, Lon.,
1846, 12mo.
Curzon, Hon. Robert, Jr. Visits to the Monaste-
ries of the Levant, Lon., 1849, p. Svo, with 20 wood-cuts.
"We hazard little in prophesyint; that Mr. Curzon's work will
be more popular than any other recent set of Oriental descriptions,
except Mr. Kin^lakf '?.''— ion. 9»rtW. ffmfw, Ixx.tjv. 461, cir.Lsxvii.
52. e.t Diidm^s Literary Reminiscences. 941.
*■ Most agreeable writing, replete with information on most inte-
resting points.'" — Lon. Times.
" Unusually picturesque and lively." — Lon. AthencPitm.
Cushing, itirs., a sister of Mrs. Harriet V. Cheney,
(.y. r.,) now (1S55) resides at Montreal, Canada, and edits
The Literary Garland. She has pub. several juvenile
works aud some poems. Esther, a Dramatic Poem, is com-
mended by Mrs. Hale as "a work of deep interest." The
Sunday School, or Village Sketches, is the joint produc-
tion of the sisters, now Mrs. Gushing and Mrs. Cheney.
The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, written
by the mother of thepe ladies, (Mrs. Hannah Foster,) and
previously noticed by us as one of the earliest American
novels, was republished in 1855. See Foster, Hannah,
Cushing, Abel. Historical Letters on the First
Charter of Mas?arhusctts Government, Bost., 1839, ISmo.
Cushin^, Hon. Caleb, b. ISOO, at Salisbury, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard College at the age of 17; tutor
at Harvard Coll., 1819-21. He was a general in the late
Mexican War, has occupied several public posts in his na-
tive State, and been Representative in Congress, Attorney-
General of U. States, <tc. History and Present State of the
Town of Newburyport, Mass., Newbnryport, 1826, 12mo.
" Valuable, not for its local information only, but for its gene-
ral relation to the history of Massachusetts." — North American
Review, sxiv. 252.
Review of the Late Revolution in France, 18.33, 12mo.
Reminiscences of Spain, N. York, 1833, 12mo.
"A work which will be read with great pleasure, and which
holds out a hij^h promise of future excellence. The best parts are,
we think, the descriptions of places and persons: the least suc-
cessful are the poems, which are yet not without considerable
merit. They are mostly translations from the Spanish, and exhi-
bit in some instances a remarkable facility of versification. The
tales are very interesting." — Alexander H. Everett: N. Arrur.
Rev., xxxvii. 84-IU4.
Growth and Territorial Progress of the U. States, Spring-
field, 1839. Svo. Life and Public Services of Wm. Henry
Harrison, Bost., 1840, ISmo.
Cushing, Mrs. Caleb. Letters Descriptive of Public
Monuments, Scenery, and Manners in France and Spain ;
printed for private distribution, Newburyport, 1832, 2 vols.
12mo. Mrs. Gushing accompanied her husband {v. ante)
to Europe, and the volumes above noticed contain letters
to her friends whilst absent. See very interesting extracts
in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 104^117, (by Ales. H. Everett.)
"This accomplif-hed lady, as is sufficiently evident from tliese
volumes, was eijually well fitted to shine iu the hiij;her sphere of
letters, and to grace the private walks of social and domestic life."
Cushing, Jacob, D.D., of Waltham, Massachusetts,
died 1809, aged 78. Serms., 1706, 71, '72, '78, '93, '96.
Cushing, John. The Exotic Gardener, 1812, Svo.
CushiuG^, Luther Stearns, 18U3-1855, Worcester
CO., Mass., a distinguished Law Writer and Judge. Treatise
on the Trustee Process, or Foreign Attachment, Svo, 1833.
Insolvent Laws of Mass., 12mo, 1S39. Supp. to Revised
Statutes of Mass., Svo, 1854. Reports of Controverted
Election iu Mass., Svo, 1852. Proceedings and Debates in
the House of Rep. previous to the election of Speaker iu
Jan. 1843, Svo. Pothier on Contracts, translated by Gush-
ing, Svo, 1839. Civil Laws in their natural order, by
Domat, edited by Gushing, 2 vols. Svo, 1850. Rules of
Proceedings and Debates in Deliberative Assemblies,
18rao, 1854.
" This is the standard textbook for Legislative Bodies of the U. S."
463
cus
C. J. A. Mittormaier on the Effect of Drunkenness on
Criminal Responsibility, from the German, by Cushing,
8vo, 1841. Savigny's Analysis of the Law of Possession,
from the French, by Cushing, 8vo, 1838. A. C. Renouard's
Theory of the Rights of Authors, from the French, 8vo,
1S39. Romodial Law, 8vo, 1837. Introd. to the Study of
Roman Law, 12mo, 1854. Rep. of the Supreme Judicial
Court of Mass. from 1848, 8 vols. Law and Practice of
Legislative Assemblies in U. S., 1855. One of the leading
editors of the later vols, of the Jurist .ind Law Magazine.
"The accurate translation of Pothier ou the Contract of Sale by
so frood a writer as Mr. Cu.shjug, is a valuable service alike to the
profession and general reader." — N. Amer. Rev., xlviii. 553.
*_' Considering the age and circumstances in which it was written,
it is a truly wonderful performance. His method is excellent, and
his matter clear, exact, and comprehensive." — Judge Story: Pref.
to Bailmenls.
Cushman, Robert, died 1626. The Sin and Dan-
ger of Self-Love, Lon., 1622; Boston, 1724: Plymouth,
with memoir <if Cushman, by John Davis, 1785. See an
account of this energetic layman la Belknap's Amer. Biog.,
et V. N. A. Review.
Custance, George. View of the Constitution of
England, 1808, Svo ; 3d ed., 1815. Drawn from Black-
stone, Christian, De Lolme, and others. Reformation and
Fund. Doctrines of the Ch. of England, 1813, Svo.
Cutbiish, James. Treatise ou Pyrotechny, Phila.,
1825, Svo.
Cuthbert, died about 678, a disciple of Bede, wrote a
letter to Cuthwine, giving an account of the death of their
master. This letter will be found in Bede's works, Ac. :
see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Cuthbert of Canterbury, died 758, succeeded Not-
helm in the sec of Canterbury, about 740. He wrote some
metrical compositions, which are not considered as indica-
tive of remarkable poetical genius. — Ubi supra.
Cuthbert, R. Theory of Tides, Quebec, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Cuthbertson, John. Electricity and Galvanism,
Lon., 1807, Svo. Other works, and con. to Nic. Jour.,
1798-1810.
Cuthbertson, Joua. Distance-Measure, 1792, Svo.
Cutler, Ueiijamin Clarke, D.D., b. at Roxbury,
Mass., graduated at Brown Univ., 1822 ; received the de-
gree of D.D. from Columbia College, N. York, 1836 ; was
called to the Rectorship of St. Anne's Church, Brooklyn,
1833, and still continues rector, (1858.) 1. Century Sermon,
Christ Church, Quincy, Mass., 1826. 2. Sermon, N. York
City Mission. 1832. 3. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1835. 4.
Sermon on National Independence, 1840. 5. Sermon on
the death of Albert ^V. Duy, 1846. 6. Sermon on the
death of Rev. F. C. Clements, 1853. 7. Parochial Ser-
mons, 21 in number, Phila., 1867, 12mo. Other sermons,
discourses, tracts, Ac.
Cutler, Rev. Manassch, died 1823, aged SO. Cen-
tury Discourse, 1815. American Plants, in Mem. Amer.
Acad.
Cutler, Jfath. Coasting Pilot, Lon., 1728, foK This
composes the second part of the Atlantis Maritimi.
Cutler, Thomas, M.D. Surgeon's Practical Guide
in Bandages, Lon., 1836, f. 8vo.
"This appears to be a valuable little treatise." — Lon. Mrd. Gaz.
Popular Surgery from the French of Mayor, with addits.,
1846, 12mo.
Cutler, Timothy, D.D., 1CS3-1765, Pres. of Yalo
DAB
College, 1719-22, a man of profound learning. Sermons,
1717, '57. See Holmes's Life of Stiles, 387, and Annals,
ii. 14.3.
Cutlore, Joseph. Serm. about Swearing ; on Exod.
XX. 7. 16S2, 4to. An excellent subject. The profane
swearer should be driven out of the society of honest men,
Serm. on Rom. xii. 10, 1682, 4to.
Cutspear, W. Dramatic Rights, Lon., 1802, Svo.
Cutter, C, M.D., a j)opular lecturer on Physiology,
First Lessons in Anatomy. Ac, N. York, 12mo. Anatomy,
Physiology, and Hygiene, 12mo. Anatomical Plates (10)
for schools.
Cutter, Capt. George VV. Buena Vista, and other
Poems, Cincinnati, 1848, 12mo. Song of Steam, and other
Poems, with a Portrait, Cincinnati, 12mo. Poems, Na-
tional and Patriotic, Phila., 1857, Svo.
''The finest of his compositions is The Song of Steam, which is
worthy of the praise it has received, of being one of the best lyrics
of tile century. The Song of Lightning, written more recently, is
perhaps next to it iu merit." — Grisvjold's FoeU and Poetry of Ame-
rica, q. V.
Cutter, Wm., b. 1801, in Maine, gr.aduated at Bow-
doin Coll., 1821, historian and poet. Life of Putnam: of
La Fayette. Ancjnymous author of some 12 vols. Con-
tributor of poetry and miscellaneous matter to various
leading journals.
Cutting, John H., M.D. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans.,
ISll.
Cutts, Rev. Edward L. A Manual for the study
of the Sepulchral Slabs and Crosses of the Middle Ages,
Lon., 1S49. Svo.
Cutts, Lord John, died 1707, was a distinguished
officer in the wars of William III. Addison, in a Latin
poem, applauds the bravery of Lord Cutts at the siege of
Buda, 1680. His lordship was author of a Poem on the
Death of Queen Mary, and Poet. Exercises, Lon., 1687, Svo.
Cutts, John. Rebellion Defeated, or the Fall of Des-
mond ; a Tragedy, 1745, 4to ; Reed, 7925. £2 12«. M.
Cutwodc, T. Caltha Poet.irum, or the Bumble Bee,
Lon., 1599, sm. Svo.
" Stay'd at the press, by order of the .\bp. of Canterbury and
Bp. of London, and such copys as could be found, or were already
taken, were to 'bee prcsentlye broughte to the Bp. of London to
be burnte,' and ' noe satvres or epigrams[tol be printed hereafter.' "
See Steevens, Sale 1040.
This r.are piece was reprinted in 1815, 4to, by Richard
Heber. Esq., for the Roxburghe Club, 32 copies taken.
Sir M. M. Sykes, 1018, £2 ?,>.; Boswell, 3026, £4; Dent,
pt. 2, 1193, £2. See Dibdin's Literary Reminiscences j
Lowndes's Bibl. Manual.
Cuyler, Rev. C. C. The Signs of the Times, Phila.,
12mo.
Cuyler, Rev. Theodore Ledyard, born 1S22. in
New Y'ork. Str.ay Arrows, New I'ork, ISmo. Contributor
to several periodicals.
Cynewulf, Kenulf, Kenulfns, or Chenulfus,
who died 1008, was made Abbot of Peterborough about
992, according to Hugo Candidus, the historian of Peter-
borough. He is supposed to have been the author of some
religious poems in the eolleclion of Anglo-Saxon poems
in the Exeter and Vercelli MSS. Mr. Kemble discovered
the name concealed under a playful device. Whether Mr.
Kemble's Cynewulf be the Abbot of Peterborough or not,
is a question involved in some obscurity.
D.
Dabney, J. P. Annotations on the Bible, New York,
12mo. An edit, of The Now Testament, by William Tyn-
dale, the Martyr, Andover and New York, 1S37, Svo.
" The Anglo-American edition is edited with much industry and
taste by the liev. J. P. D.ibney. It contains first a reprint o"f the
London edition just noticed, [pub. in 1S;1C;] secondly, the essential
variations of Coverdale's, Matthew's, Cranmer's, the Genevan, and
Bishops' Bibles as marginal readings, thus presenting a complete
variorum edition of the vernacular versions; and thirdly, a pre-
tace,and an interesting memoir of the martyr Tindale, recast from
the memoir cnnipiled by the London editor, a list of Tyndale's
writings, an account of the early vern.%cu]ar versions, select colla-
tions of the first and second editions of Tyndale, and a tabular list
of the more common distinctive expressions used by him." See
Ilorne's Bibl. Bib.; Biblical Repository, x. 496.
Dabney, Richard, a poet and scholar, born in Louisa
county, Virginia, about 1786, of an ancient family, " known
in early times in England by the name of Daubeney, and
in France by that of D'Aubignfi. Richard was nearly
grown before his classical education began, but he made
very rapid jiroficiency, and attained a rare familiarity with
the best Latin and Greek authors, as well as with Italian
and English literature. At the burning of the Richmond
Theatre in ISll. when 70 persons perished, he escojied
barely with his life, suffering from burns and bruises, which
permanently shattered his constitution. In 1812 he pub-
lished a small volume of Poems and Translations, of which
a second edition much improved appeared in 1815, pub-
lished by Mathew Carey, bookseller and publisher, of
Philadelphia. The translations, some of them spirited
and elegant, were from the Greek of Alcajus, Euripides,
Sappho, Tyrta-us, and several minor poets in Dalzell's Col-
lectanea GriKca, the Latin of Martial and Seneca, and the
Italian of Petrarch, Carlo Fugoni, and others. He early
fell into habits of intemperance, which, co-operating with
his injuries received at the burning theatre, made him
DAB
DAL
suffer in 1S25 a death of j,'reat bodily pfiin, embittered by
disappointment, and the consciousness of uncommon powers
almost uselessly spent."
Daborne, Robert, A Christian turn'd Turke; a
Tragedy. Lon., 1612, 4to. The Poor Man's Comfort: a
Trap;i-Comedy, lfi55, 4to. Perm, on Zach. xi. 7, 161S, 8vo.
Da Costa, Emanuel Meiidez,fniei;,'n secretary to
the Royal Pooiety. d. about 17S8. Nat. Hist, of Fossils,
Lon., 1757, 4to. Trans, of Cronstedt's Mineralogy, 1770,
8vo. Conchology, 1776. Svo. Hist. Nat. Testaceorura
BritauniEe; in Eng. and French, 1778, 4to. Con. to Phil.
Trans, on Fossils. &c., 1747, '5.3, '57, '59, '62,
" A Gentleman well skilled in Philosophical learning and Natu-
ral Knowledge, particularly in what relat4?s to the jlineral and
Fossil Parts of the Creation; one exceedingly dili^^ent in his En-
quiries; and who, by applying himself with p;ieat assiduity to the
Study of Natural History, is likely to be a useful Meniltpr of the
Koyal Society, and a zealous Promc^ter of Natural Knowledge, fur
the advancement uf whirh the s:inie was founded."
Thus complimentary was the certificate recommending
Da Costa to a membership of the Royal Society. It was
signed by the Duke of Montagu, Martin Folkes, Rryan
Fairfax, Henry Baker, Dr. James Parsons, Peter ColHnson,
and James Theobald. Much interesting matter relative tu
Da Costa will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
and an account of his family, comj^iled from his own notes,
may be seen in Gent. Mag., Ixxxiii. 21.
I>a Costa, J. Fr., Eng., and Spau. Grammar, Lon.,
1752. 8vo. Alexandri Pope de Honiine. Jaoobi Thomson
et ThomiB Gray, Selecta Carmina ex Britanuica, in Latinam
Linguam translata, P;idoua, 1776. 4to.
Da Costa, J., M.D. Trans, from the Germ.an of Kol-
liker's Anatomy of the Human Body. Phila., 1855, Svo.
Dacre, Lady, has acquired considerable celebrity as
a novelist. The Recollections of a Chaperon, Lon., 18.33,
3 vols. p. Svo. In 1834 appeared Trcvelyan, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
This novel, pub. anonymously, was ascribed both to Lady
Scott and Lady Dacre, and declared superior to any pro-
duction of a female pen since the publication of Miss
Edgeworth's Vivian. Peerage and Peasantry, 3 vols. p. Svo.
" We are very anxious to recommend these tales to our readers;
and the best proof of the opinion we have formed of them is to be
found in this, that, with this anxiety, we have coupled them with
the Tales of Wuman's Trials [by Mrs. P. C. Hall.] They will not
lose — perhaps they may gain by the comparison."— i?«i<im Univ.
Mag., vii. 2\X
Dacre, Rev, B. Testimonies in favour of Salt as a
Manure, Manches., 1834. Svo, pp. 288.
" It failed to lead to any use of the mineral in that way." — Do-
nnldson's AgriruU. Bing.
Dacre, Charlotte, or Mrs. Byrne, who sometimes
published under the name of " Kosa Matilda," gave several
novels and poems to the world. Confessions of the Nun
at St. Omer's, 1805, 3 vols. Hours of Solitude: Poems,
1805, 2 vols. Svo. She also pub. Zofloya; The Libertine j
and The Passions.
Dacres,>ViIIiam, Elcmentsof Water Drawing, Lon.,
1G60. 4to.
Dadd, George H., M.D.. b. 1813, England, settled
in U. S., 1839, Veterinary Surgeon. Outlines of Anatomy
and Physiology of the Horse, Svo. pp. 306. Amer. Cattle
Doctor, Svo, pp. 359. Modern Horse Doctor, 1854, Svo,
pp. 432.
"A very valu.'iMe work for those who have the care of horses."
Manual of Veterinary Science. 8vn. pp. 500, 1855. Ed.
Am. A'etorinary Journal. Svo, pp. .3S4.
Dacie, John. Almanacks, 155S. 1007, Ac.
Dade, Wni. Alnianaclss, 1624, Ac. John and Wm.
Dade seem to have pub. almanacks *'for the greater part
of the 17th century."
Dade, Wm., il. 1790. Proposals for the History and
Anti(|nity of Hiddcrness. Yorkshire. IIH?,.
Dadby, Joseph. Funl. 8crm.. Lon., 1740. Svo.
Dafforiie, Richard. Merchant's Mirror, Lon., 1635.
Suhscquently annexed to Gerard Malyne's Consuetudo vel
Lex Mercatoria. The Apprentice's 'Time Entertainer Ac-
comptantly. 1669, 4to.
Dagge, Henry. Considerations on the Criminal Law,
Lon., 1772, 8voj 2d ed., 1774, 3 vols. 12mo. A valuable
work.
Dagse, Jonathan. Serms., 170.3, '09, &c.
Dagee, Robert. Proteus; or the Jesuit detected,
1746, Svo.
Daggett, Naphtali, P.D., Pres. of Tale College, d.
17S0. .'lerms.. 1767. '70, '73.
Ditgleish. Wm., D.D. Bee D.iloleish.
Dagley, Richard. Gems, principally from the An-
tique, with Illustrations. Part 1, Lon.. 1804, 4to. New
cd., 1822, p. Svo, with Illustrations in Verse, by the Rev.
Geo. Crolj. Death's Doings ; Prose and Verse, 1826, Svo.
30
Dagnilar, Miss Rose. Gortz of Berlichingen; a
Hist. Drnrn. i'rnm the German of Goethe, 1799.
Dahme. Sermons. 1755, '58, Svo.
Daking, Wm., D.D. Trans, of the Hist, of Catherine,
Empress of Russia, 1798, 2 vols. Svo. Serms., 1801, '03,
'06. '07, 'OS, '10.
Dakins, Wm., d. 1607, one of the translators of the
Bible. /e»7J. James I., had assigned to him the Epistles of
St. Paul and the canonical Epi.ttles.
Dalbiae, Major James Charles. A Military Cate-
chism for the use of young officers, 1806. See McCuUoch's
Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. SO.
Dalby, Isaac, 1744-1824. Course of Mathematics,
Lon.. ISllo. (tc. 2 vols. Svo. Other mathematical works.
Dalby, Joseph. The Virtues of Cinnabar and Musk
against the Bile of a Mad Dog, Birm., 1764, 4to.
Dalcho, Frederick, 1769-1836, b. in London: came
to the U. States while a lad ; was a physician in Charleston,
S.C.. 1800. and became an Episcopal minister there in 1819.
1. Evidence of the Divinity of Our Saviour, 1830. 2. His-
torical Accountof the Protestant Episcopal Church in South
Carolina, Charleston, 1820, Svo. 3. Ahimau Rezon; for
the Use of Freemasons. 1822, Svo.
Dale, John. Analysis of the Epistles N. T., Oxf.,
1662. 12mo.
Dale, M. Value of Annuities, Lon., 1777, 8to.
Dale, Robert. Cat. of the Nobility, Ac. of England,
1679. Svo.
Dale, Samnel,M.D., 1659-1739. Pharmacologia seu
manuductio ad Materiam Medicam, Lon., 1693, Svo ; seve-
ral edits, much improved, 1737, 4to. Pub. at Leyden,
1739. '51, 4to.
"The whole consists almost entirely of Names and Synonymes,
with a very brief account of the powers of each medicine." — Dr.
■W.\TT.
'•Scarcely in any author is there a more copious collection of
synonyms." — T>R. I'ci.tenet.
Hist, and Antiq. of Harwick and Dover Court, with an
Appendix first collected by Silas Taylor, alian Dornville,
and now much enlarged, Lon., 1730. 4to ; 2d edit., 1732, 4to.
"That part of this work which rejiards natural history is so cfr
pious and accurate as to render the book a real acquisition to
science." See Pulteney's Sketches of Botany.
Dale contributed several papers to Phil. Trans,
Dale, Thomas. De Pareira Brava et Ser.aphia Off.,
Lugd. Bat,. 1723, 4to.
Dale, Thomas. Trans, of Reynault's Entretiena
Physiques, Lon., 1731, 3 vols. Svo.
Dale, Thomas, b. 1797, London, Canon-Residentiary
of St, Paul's, and Vicar of St. Paucras. Widow of Nain,
1818. Domestic Liturgy and Family Chaplain, 1S46, p. Svo.
"A valualile substitute for the more etfective practice of com-
munion wiiPU circumstances occur to interrupt or prevent attend-
ance at public worship.'' — Lfm. Lit. Gaz.
Sabbath Companion: 2 Series, 1S44, Ac.
'* They are full of truth and beauty; and so may God speed
them!" — Ch. of Enffland Qiiar. Review.
■Translation of Sophocles, 1824. Sermons at Cambridge,
1832, '35, '36, 3 vols. Svo. Sermons at St. Bride's, Lon-
don, 1830, Svo. The Good Shepherd, 1845. Golden Psalm,
1847. Sermons at Denmark Ilill, Svo.
''Dale's Discourses produce an overwhcliuing effect upon hifl
audiences, spoken as they are in the author's calm, solemn man-
ner."— Preshijt. Review, Sept. lS3t>.
Poetical Works: new ed., 1.S42, sm. Svo.
Dalechamp, Caleb. Viudicia^ Salamonis; sive de
ejus lajisu statu(iue letcrno, Lon., 1622, 4to. Excrcita-
tioues. 1624. 4to. Ilarrisonus honoratus, Cantab., 1632,
Svo. Hospitality: on Horn. xii. 13, 1632, 4to.
Dales, Major Sanil. An Essay on the Study of the
History of Eugland. Lon,, 1809, Svo.
Daigarno, George, 1627-1687, a native of Old Aber-
deen, was noted for his learning. Ars Signorum, vulgo
Character universalis et Lingua phi!osophica,Lon.,l 66 l,Svo.
His treatise was enlarged upon by Bishop Wilkins, in
his Essay towards a real Character and a Philosophical
Language; with an Alphabetical Dictionary, 1668, fol.
Daltrarno wrote also Didascolocophus, or the Deaf and
Dumb Man's Tutor, Oxf., 1680, Svo.
Dalgleish, John. Sermons, Edin.. 1711, 4to.
Dalgleish, Wm., D.D. Serms., Edin., 1786, '99,4
vols. Svo.
Dalhusins, J. H. Theolog. and other works, Lon.
and Edin.. 1689. '91.
Dalison, Dallison, or Dallizon, Giilielme.
Cases. Reports. Ac. Lon., 1609, 12mo. Reports des divers
Cases adjugez en la Court del Common Bank en les Regnes
Mar. et Eliz., 1689. fol. Dalison's Reports were collected
and pub. with Benloe's, by John Rowe, and others had ap-
peared in Ashe and Kcilwey.
465
DAL
" Of Dalison litHe is known, and his Keports long since ranlted
omon" the antiquities of the Law, and are now almost obsolete and
valueless."— A/ai-mn's Legal Bibl., q.v.; also Bridg. Leg. BiW., 19.i ;
Wineh's Rep., 4.3 ; and ^Vallace's Keporters, 14.
Dallam, James W. Laws of Texas, Bait., 1845, Svo.
Dallas, Alevandcr James, 1759-1817, third son
of Koliert Charles Dallas, was a native of Jamaica, to which
island his father, an eminent physician, had emigrated
from Scotland about the middle of the 18th century. Upon
his father's return to Scotland. Alexander was placed at an
academy in the neighbourhood of London, under the care
of James Elphinston. a familiar name to the readers of
BoswcU's Johnson. With the great lexicographer, and the
equally famed philosopher— Dr. Franklin— young Dallas
became acquainted whilst still a student. In 178U he was
married to Arabella Maria Smith, a daughter of Major
George Smith, of the British Army. In 1781, after the
death of his father, Mr. Dallas sailed fur Jamaica, and had
resided in that island for two years when he determined to
emigrate to the United States. He arrived at the city of
New York in 1783, and proceeding to Philadelphia, took
the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vani.t the 10th day after his first landing on the shores of
the United States. In 1785 he was admitted to the Bar of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in four or five
years became a practitioner in the Courts of the United
States. It has been mentioned as a striking proof of his
industry and zeal in his legal pursuits, that
*' Within five years after his admission to the bar. he collected
and prepared for puljlication a volume of cases, many of which
were decided before the Revolution : a service to the profession,
and, we may say, to the law itself at that time, which we, at this
day, can scarcely appreciate."
See National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri-
cans. Phila., 1S53, (article Geouge Mifflin D.yllas,) to
which we acknowledge our obligations.
In 1791 Mr. Dallas was appointed Secretary to the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania, and upon the election of Mr.
Jefferson to the Presidency, he became Attorney of the
United States for the Eastern District of Pcniii-ylvania.
He continued in this office until October, 1S14. when he
was appointed Secretary of the Treasury of the Uuited
States. In 1S15 "he undertook the additional trust of
Secretary of War, and performed with success the delicate
task of reducing the army of the United States."
In November, 1816, the country being at peace, its
finances arranged, and the machinery of government un-
disturbed by any of the obstructions which had so long
retarded the harmonious action of its various functions, Mr.
Dallas felt that he had a right to claim for his declining
years a measure of that repose which he had long post-
poned to the pressing exigencies of his adopted country.
He therefore resigned his official trusts, and returned to the
practice of the law in Philadelphia. But the pressing re-
sponsibilities which had so long tasked his mental and
bodily powers had doubtless affected his constitution, and
he feil an easy victim to an attack of gout in the stomach
— the result of exposure to the cold when engaged in an
important suit — in about two months after his return to
private life. America will ever have reason to cherish with
affectionate reverence the memory of the name and services
of Alexander James Dallas.
As a man of letters — equally conversant with the refine-
ments of elegant literature, and the graver studies incident
to his professional duties — Mr. Dallas enjoyed great repu-
tation. His contributions to the periodical literature of
the day were numerous, and we have the testimony that
" Ilis essays will bear a comparison with those of his contempo-
raries ; and this is no small pi-aise, for franklin, Hush, and Hop-
kiuson were of the number."
He was for some time editor of The Columbian Magazine.
He published, 1. Featuresof Jay's Treaty, 1795. 2. Speeches
on the trial of Blount, and the impeachment of the Judges.
3. The Laws of Pennsylvania from Oct. 14, 17110. to Dee.
1, ISOl; with Notes Republished under the authority of
the Legislature. 4 vols, fob, 1797-1801. 4. Address to the
Society of Constitutional Republicans, 1805. 5. Reports
of Cases in the Courts of the United States and Pennsyl-
vania, before and since the Revolution, 4 vols. Svo, 1790-
1807. Vol. i. contains Cases adjudged in the Courts of
Pennsylvania, namely, the Common Pleas, Supreme Court,
and the High Court of Errors and Appeals, before and since
the Revolution to 1789; with an Appendix, containing the
Cases of the Court of Chancery in Pennsylvania ; 3d edit,
with addits. and copious Notes by Thomas I. Wharton.
Vtd. iv. has recently been reprinted, with Notes and Re-
ferences by Benjamin Gerhard, Esq. Vols, ii., iii., and iv.
contain Cases adjudged in the set-era/ Courts of the United
DAL
Stiftss and of Pennsylvania, from the year 1781 to Decem-
ber Term, 1806, Phila., 1830, 4 vols. r. Svo.
With the exception of Kirby's, these are the eldest Re-
ports in the United States. In many of the cases the re-
porter was engaged as counsel. Of the value of these
Reports we have the followiug testimony from an eminent
authority:
"They do credit to the Court, the Bar. and the Reporter; they
show readiness in practice, liljerality in principle, strong reason,
and legal learning; the method, too, is clear, and the language
plain."— Loud M-ixsriELD. t. r oo
Peak's Evid. by Randall, Pref. ; 1 Com. Rep. Pref., 28;
6 Month. Anth., 156; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 249.
6. Exposition of the Causes and Character of the lata
AVar, 1815. The author's son, Hon. George Mifflin Dallas,
proposed in 1817 to publish a collective edition of his
father's works in 3 vols. Among his papers were some
unfinished sketches of a history of Pennsylvania, which,
if completed, would, from the author's familiarity with the
topic and literary .ability, have proved a valuable record
of a most interesting portion of the annals of the infant
republic. .
Dallas, Rev. Alexander Robert Charles, one of
the most exemplary and distinguished of the clergy of the
Church of England, is a son of Robert Charles Dallas, Esq.,
(the friend and connexion of Lord Byron,) whose literary
labours we shall have occasion to chronicle hereafter. The
subject of this notice served for many years as an officer
in the English army, and was at every engagement at which
the Duke of Wellington was present, throughout the Pen-
insular War. He was at the battle of Waterloo, also, as
was his cousin and brother-in-law, Mr. (now the Rev.)
Charles Dallas, who was badly wounded on that perilous
day. After returning to England, Charles Dallas, under
the promptings of religious duty, determined to assume
holy orders, and his example and friendly counsel induced
A. R. C. Dallas to embrace the same sacred calling. The
exemplary piety and unwearied zeal in well-doing of these
devoted soldiers of the cross, are well known to the world.
A. R. C. Dallas for several years laboured with great suc-
cess in the work of missions in Ireland. For the following
account of this enterprise, we are indebted to the Hon.
Judge Kelley, of Philadelphia, who recently spent some
days in the hospitable mansion of the Rev. Mr. Dallas.
Mr. D. is a first-cousin of our distinguished townsman,
George Mifflin Dallas, of Philadelphia, late Vice-President
of the United States.
'■ Ml . Dallas has undoubtedly been the chief agent and supporter
of the missionary work in the west of Ireland. Uis first eflorts in
this field were in 18+4, since when they have been unremitting,
and have exhibited in a peculiar combination the devotion of the
Christian with the activitv and discipline of the soldier. Uis first
effort was to establish an efficient body of colporteurs : this accom-
plished, he obtained the name and post-office of every farmer
throu'-'hout the region in which his labours have since been so
eflicient. In January. 1S45. each of the persons whose addresses
were thus obtjiined. 25,000 in number, received copies of the tirst
of a numerous series of powerful pamphlets. The first, I believe,
was entitled 'A Voice from Heaven to Ireland.' Since then Mr.
Dallas, though faithful to hischarge at Wonston, and meeting with
great frequency the committees connected with the mission at
Exeter Hall— has passed a portion of each year in Connaught, and
is personally known and loved by thousands of its inhabitants.
In 1S47 he assisted in founding the Connemara Orphan House,
which was first filled with those whose parents were swept from
them by the famine and cholera of 1846. Some idea may be formed
of the extent and blessed results of these labours, from the fact
that 0 churches were consecnated by the Archbishop of Tu.am in
AuL'ust. 1852. the entire congregations of which had but a short
period before been attached to the church of Rome."
Mr. Dallas is the author of many excellent works, the
beneficial influence of which upon the public mind of Great
Britain it would be difficult to exaggerate. We annex a
list; 1. Practical Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1823,
12mo. ,, .
" The great recommendation of Mr. Dallas's Sermons is their
plainness and simplicity: the style is easy and elegant, and with
all its plainness never degenerates into homeliness." — Lon. Cln-is-
tian Jiancmbrantyr.
2. Pastoral Superintendence, its motive, detail, and sup-
port, 1841, Svo. ^ _, ,
" Many useful practical hints."— BM'frsWft's Chrishan Sluaent,
3. Ciiratc's Ofl'ering; Village Serms., 12mo. 4. Intro-
duc. to Prophet. Researches, 12rao. 5. Lent Lectures on
Christ's Temptation, ISmo. 6. Ministerial Responsibility,
12mo. 7. Miraclesof Christ, 18mo. 8. Parables of Christ,
ISmo. 9. Realizing; the Strength of an Efi'ectual Minis-
try, ISmo. 10. Rise, Progress, and Prospects of Roman-
ism, Svo. 11. Scriptural View of the Position of the Jews,
12mo. 12. Serms. to Country Congregations. 13. Chris-
tian Mission at Castlekerke, 1S49. 12mo. 14. Look to Jeru-
salem; or the Position of the Jews, 5th ed., 1853, ]2mo.
15. Missionary Crisis in the Church of England, 1842, 12mo.
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Ifi. Pastor's Assistant. 3 vols, in 1, 1842, ]2nio. 17. Cot-
tager's Guide to the New Testament, 6 vols., 1830-45, 12mQ;
18. To the Acts of the AposUes, IS47, ]2mo; 19. To the
Epistles of St. Paul, 1849. I2mo. 20. My Churehynrrl. 2d
ed., 1848, 12mo. 21. Book of Psalms arranged for Devo-
tional Readings, 2d ed., 1847, 32mo. 22. Revelation Read-
ings; vol. i., 1848, 12m(); vol. ii., ISJl, 12mo; vol. iii.,
1852, 12mo. 23. Th.j Point of Hope in Ireland's Present
Crisis, 1849; 2d ed., 1850, 12rao. 24. Prophecy upon the
Mount: 2d ed.. 1848, 12mo. Transuhstautiation, 1857, Svo.
Dallas, E. S. Poetics: an Essay ou Poetry, Lon.,
1853, p. Svo.
Dallas, E. W. The Elements of Plane Practical
Geometry. Lon., 1855, Svo.
Dallas, George, of St. Martin. Sy.stem of Styles as
now practicable within the kingdom of Scotland ; in 6 parts,
Edin.. 1697, foL, 1774, 2 vuls. 4to.
Dallas, Sir George, Bart., 1758-1833, a native of
London, of the same family as A. .T. Dallas. A Speech,
praying redress against an Act of Parliament, Lon., 1786,
Svo. The India Guide; a Poem. Thoughts on our pre-
sent Situation, with remarks on the Policy of a War with
France, 1793, Svo. Letters ou the Trade between ludia
and Europe, 1S02, 4to. Letters to Lord Moiraon the Pulit.
and Com. State of Ireland. Vindication of the Justice and
Pulicy of the late "Wars carried on in Hindostan and the
Dekkan, by Marquis Welle.^ley, 1806, 4to. A Biographical
Memoir of the late Sir Peter Parker, Bart., Captain of his
Majesty's Ship Menelaus, &e., 1815, 4to. Other publica-
tions. The remarks on the policy of a war with France
were greatly admired by Win. Pitt, and, at his suggestion,
reprinted for general distribution. We give an extract
from a letter of Robert Southey's :
" 8ir Georf^e Dallas has sent me .'some marvellou-s varies by a son
of his, not yet thirteen — as preat a prodi;^y as I have ever read of.
Verse appears as easy to him as speech ; Latin verse isat bisfinfrers'
end like EngUsh; and he has acted a part in a play of his own
composition, like another Koscius." — To C. H. Tow/islteiid, Esq.,
ApriJVZ, 181S.
Dallas, George Mifflin, LL,D., b. July 10,1792,in the
city of Philadelphia, is a son of Alexander James Dallas, a
native of Jamaica, and one of the most distinguished aud
useful of America's adopted sons, (v. ante.) Indeed, in
but few families have so many members risen to distinction
and eminent public usefulness as in that of the subject of
this notice. His grandfather. Dr. Dallas, who emigrated
from Scotland to Jamaica about the middle of the 18th
century, was one of the most firominent professors of the
particular branch of science to which his energies were de-
voted. Of his four sons, Robert Charles Dallas became
one of the most voluminous and useful writers of his age ;
and Alexander James Dallas, Secretary of the Treasury
and Secretary of War of the Federal Republic, deservedly
acquired by his public services a commanding position in
the eyes of the American people. Their sister, Miss Dallas,
married Capt. Byron of the English navy, and was mother
of the present and seventh Lord Byron. To the same
family belonged the distinguished brothers, Sir George
Dallas, whose political writings were so warmly admired
by William Pitt, and Sir Robert Dallas, President Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas. Is'or have the wisdom of
the Bench and the deliberations of the councils only, been
indebted to this House : in the Church it is ably represented
by those excellent religious instructors through the pulpit
and the press, the Rev. Alexander Robert Charles Dallas,
and Rev. Charles Dallas, who, after gaining military laurels
in the Peninsula aud at Waterloo under Wellington, are
now zealously engaged in the promotion of the best inte-
rests of the human race.
Of the three sons of Alexander James Dallas, the eldest
rose to the rank of Commodore in the American navy, the
third was the late Judge Dallas of Pittsburg, and the
second, George MitHin Dallas, after occupying many pub-
lic positions, was, in 1844, elected to the Vice-Presidency
of the United States. The particular incidents connected
with Mr. Dallas's career, which belong to political rather
than t^i literary history, will not be expected in this volume.
The reader will find an excellent biographical sketch in
the National Portrait Gallery, Phila., 1853; and his visit
to England whilst yet a youth is noticed by his noble con-
nexion. Lord Byron the poet, in his correspondence with
Robert Charles Dallas. We may mention an amusing in-
stance of the early display of that principle of sturdy de-
mocracy for which Mr. Dallas has been distinguished
through life. Upon his arrival in England he called upon
and paid his respects to his distinguished connexion. Lord
George Gordon Byron, and awaited a call in reply. His
uncle, R. C. Dallas, informed him that peers were not in
the habit of returning visits to those of inferior rank to
their own, and that it was his place to visit his lordship.
But the young republican declared that he should not call
again unless his first visit were returned. Lord Byron was
not a little amused by this practical exhibition of repub-
licanism, and complied with the code thus recommended to
him, and invited Mr. Dallas to visit him at Newstead.
1. An Essay on the expediency of erecting any Monu-
ment to Washington except that involved in the preserva-
tion of the American Union: printed in 1811. 2. An Ad-
dress to the Democrats of Philadelphia in vindication of
the War of 1812 : delivered ou the 4th July, 1815. 3. An
Appeal to the Democracy of Pennsylvania, for the election
of William Findlay as Governor : in 1817. 4. A Vindica-
tion of President Monroe, for authorizing General Jackson
to pursue the hostile Indians into Florida: in 1819. 5. An
Oration on Reverence and Love of our Country, before the
Cliosophic and Whig Societies, at Princeton College: in
1831. 6. An Oration at Lafayette College, Easton, on the
Public Character of Pennsylvania: iu 1834. 7. AnAppeal
to the People of Pennsylvania in favour of having a formal
Bcrutiny instituted by the approaching Constitutional Con-
vention, as to the corrupt creation and fraudulent invalidity
of the Charter granted by their Representatives to the Bank
of the United States : in 1836. 8. Address before a Com-
mittee of the Legislature pursuing an Anti-Masonic inves-
tigation ; denouncing and resisting their course as a viola-
tion of the private rights guaranteed to the citizen by the
Constitution: in 1836. 9. An Address to sustain the nomi-
nation of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency: in 182S.
10. A Lecture before the Mercantile Institution on Russia;
in lS4n. 11. Defence of Comm. Jesse D. Elliott, before a
Court Martial: in 1840. 12. An Oration in Commemora-
tion of the Centennial Anniversary of Jefferson's Birth-
Day: in 1843. 13. Eulogy on Andrew Jackson: at the
public celebration of bis Obsequies by the citizens of Phila-
delphia: in 1845. 14. Speech of Vice-President Dallas to
the Senate of the United States, on giving his casting vote
in favour of the new Tariff of duties on Imports: in 1846.
15. Vindication of the Vice-President's casting vote on the
Tariff of 1846, in a series of letters: in 1846. 16. Address
as Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institute, on laying
the corner-stone of the edifice at Washington: in 1847.
17. Speech at the Celebration of the Centennial Anniver-
sary of the foundation of the College of New Jersey : in
1847. 18. Published Letter on the practicability and ex-
pediency of securing by the treaty of peace with Mexico
the right of way, and of opening a Ship Canal across the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec: in 1847. 19. Thoughts on Mr.
Trist's Treaty of Peace with Mexico: in 1849. 20. Eulogy
on the Life and Character of James K. Polk: in 1849.
21. Letter to Mr. Bryan, of Texas, on the character of the
Federal Constitution, and the aj'proach of danger to the
Union: in 1851. 22. Speech on the trial of William Ho-
gan, a Roman Catholic Priest, indicted for an assault and
battery on Mary Connell. 23. S])eech in the Senate of the
United States, on Nullification and the Tariff: in 1831.
24. Speech in the U. S. Senate on the Constitutionality and
Equality of the Apportionment of Federal Representatives
by the Act of 1832, under the Fifth Census: in 1832.
25. Speech in the U. S. Senate in vindication of Edward
Livingston, nominated by President Jackson for the office
of Secretary of State : in 1832. 26. Speech to the citizens
of Pitti^burg on the War, Slavery, and the Tariff: in 1S47.
27. Speech to the citizens of HolHdaysburg: in 1S47.
28. Speech to the citizens of Philadelphia in Town-Meet-
ing, on the necessity of maintaining the Union, the Con-
stitution, and the Compromise: in 1850. 29. Speech on
the application to the Supreme Court for au Injunction
against the Canal Commissioners, on alleged usurpations
of power in the management of the Columbia Railroad:
in 1853. 30. Speech in maintenance of the legal right of
the Corporation of Philadelphia to subscribe to the North
Pennsylvania Railroad Company: in 1853.
In addition to the works previously cited, we refer the
reader to notices of Mr. Dallas and his public services in
Democratic Review, x. 158; American Whig Review, xiv.
451: Niles's Register, xliii., Sup. 124; Chase's Hist, of the
Polk Administration.
Dallas, Robert Charles, 1754-1824, uncle of the
preceding, and brother of Alexander James Dallas, was a
native of Kingston, Jamaica. He was educated first at
Musselburgh, and next under Mr. Elphinston. He was
entered of the Inner Temple as a law student, but upon
attaining bis majority he returned to Jamaica, where he
continued for three years, when he again visited Europe,
and was married to a daughter of Benjamin Har<ling. Esq.,
467
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of Tlacton ITnufe, near Ilnrnfluiroh. Before this last visit
he had been appointed to a lucrative ofiiee in Jamaira. and
returned to the discharge of his duties after his marriage; I
but the climate not agreeing with Mrs. Dallas's health, they
quitted the West Indies forever, and resided for several
years upon the Continent. That terrilde scourge, the
French Eevolution, drove Mr. Dallas, with almost all other
men of proper spirit, from unhappy Fiance; and he "e'er-
mined to visit America, in which country his brother, Alex-
ander James Dallas, .subsec|uently attained great distinc-
tion, (r. ante.) Mr. Dallas was not sufficiently pleased with
the tTnited States to induce a permanent setllement, and
he returned to England, where he entered upon an extended
literarv career, for which his talents eminently titled him.
His best-linown work— published shortly before his death-
ly the Recollections of Lord Bvron. Mr. Dallas was related
to the Byron familv, his sister. Miss Dallas, having mar-
ried Captain Bvron of the English navy, father of the present
and seventh Lord Byron, successor of the noble poet.
Mr. Dallas had great influence with his relative, and ex-
erted it in a manner which redounded greatly to his honour.
The reader of Moore's Life of Byron will remember that
it was owing to Mr. D.'s agency that Childe Harold was
given to the world, but all are not aware that many objec-
tionable verses were expunged at his earnest request, and
others protested against, which Byron insisted upon retain-
ini' The reader who would do justice to the character of
th?s excellent man— Robert Charles Dallas— must peruse j
the Recollections, and especially the "preliminary state- ^
ment." of the Rev. A. R. C. Dallas, and the conclu.ling chap- .
ter of the book. We proceed to the enumeration of Mr.
Dallas's productions:
1 MiscellaneousWritings, consisting of Poems; Lucre-
tia, a Tra.'edy, and Moral Essays, with a Vocabulary of
the Passio'ns,'l707, 4to. 2. Clery's Journal of occurrences
at the Temple during the confinement of Louis XVI. ; from
the French, 1797, 8vo. .3. Annals of the French Revolu-
tion: from the French of Bertrand de Moleville. 18011-02,
9 vols. Svo. 4. Memoirs of the last year of Louis XVI.,
3 vols. Svo. 5. Letter to the Hon. C. J. Fox. respecting an
inaccurate quotation of the Annals of the French Revolu-
tion, made by him in the House of Commons, by Bertrand
de Moleville," with a trans., l.?no, Svo. 6. Correspondence
between Bertrand de Moleville and C.J. Fox upon his quo-
tation of the Annals, with a trans., ISOO, Svo. 7. The
Briti.sh Merourv ; from the French of Mallet du Pan.
8. The Natur.al llistory of Volcanoes, including Submarine
Volcanoes, and other Analogous Phenomena. Trans, from
the French of the Abbe Ordinaire, 1801, Svo. 9. Pereival,
or Nature Vindicated; a Novel, ISOl, 4 vols. 12mo.
•■The foundation of this fascinating and instructive work of
imacinatinn is laid in pure reli^'ion and uncontiminated nature;
and the superstructure is raised upon a lilieral and virtuous educa-
tion, under the direction of those best architects of the human
mind sound example and sound precept."— Kurn;ifan M'lgainw.
'■It presents the reader throughout with a very bpautilul picture
of virtue, in its most en'jagini; fnrm. delineated in the clearest
colouring of purity of style and simplicity of language."— ^n(i-
Jacf'hin Rcviitu.
10. Elements of Self-Knowledge,lS02, Svo; 2d ed., 1806.
11. The History of the Maroons, Lon., ISCS, '04, 2 vols.
Svo. This work is censured with much severity by the
Edinburgh reviewer, (vol. ii. 376,) whose justice is ques-
tioned by Mr. Rich :
•■The Edinhurirh Review seems to be rather too severe upon this
work, for by its own account, it contains much curious and inte-
restins matter, and appears to form a useful appendix to Brian
Edwards's West Indies, .^-c.''
Vide Bibliotheca Americana Nova, ii. 13.
The three opinions which follow are entitled to great re-
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IStn- century? Our country is afflicted with some apolo-
gists for these damning crimes— but "let no such man be
trusted!" 14. Aubrey, a Novel, ISM...!'"'.^,-,!.!'??:.
We here announce ii our readers a very agreeable and instrnc-
the incidents theniselve
aining.andthesentimec
on>st perceptions of reason and uature."-ion. Mouthly J)emw._
live novel in which the incidents themselves afford a lesson both
l^;«;^^anacnter,aining.and|hesen,™en.sa.ejdw^..^ud^
spect: . ^ i. 3
'•The whole work is curious, interesting, and instructive, and
distinguished for the sincerity of its narrations."— i'jn. Annual
■'We advise the inquisitive to consult the volumes of Mr. Dallas,
which certainlv afToirt much of both information and entertain-
ment."—Ion. 3foii(/.li/ ^'''t'c'"'.
" This book was much esteemed for the simplicity of its narra-
tion, and authenticity of its dct.ails."— ion. (kntltman's Mag.
12. The Costume of the Hereditary Estates of the House
of Austria, from the French of B. do Moleville, 1804, imp.
4to. 13. Refutation of the Libel on the Memory of the
late King of France, pub. by Helen Maria Williams, from
the French of B. de Moleville. 1804, Svo. We confess that
the zeal with which this excellent man espouses the cause
of the "murdered majesty" of France recommends his
memory to our profound respect. How long will Ameri-
cans degrade thcm.selves, and disgrace the cause of that
liberty which they profess to cherish, by extolling the Eng-
lish regicides of the 17th, and the French regicides of the
468
•'In saving Ihat this production is superior to the generality of
novels -^e shall be thought bv many toexpress ourselves hut coldly
of Its m"ri s. Aubrev does.' in fact, deserve a higher commenda-
tion It is written with ease, and excites much interest m the
mind of the reader."— Brids'i Crttic.
15 Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, from
the French of Joseph Weber, her foster-brother, 1805, Svo.
16. The Morlands ; Tales illustrative of the Simple and
Surprising, 1805, 4 vols. 12mo. ^ „ . ,
••Thus concludes thefir.st Taleof the Morlands: we sha 1 takea
short notice of the second hereafter. This Tale is certainly much
superior to the general course of novels. The language is natural
Tnd chas e. he business, in general, interesling and rapid and he
moral effect is such as will often instruct, and can never offend. -
'^^ihemStsofhoth his efforts are considerable; our judgment,
however, decides for the last."— ^«(iV,>c.*in ii'er.ru..
'■The ;.alue of these works of imagination consists in the faith-
ful picture of mankind which they present. Mr.D. s JU^t discri-
minations of character are evidences of his awiuaintanc„ with the
world Many excellent reflections, and precepts of the best mo-
rality, ocur in the work."— ion. ihnlhhj J/mew.
17 The Latter Years of the Reign and Life of Louis XVI.,
from the French of Hue, 1S06, Svo. IS. The Knights;
Tales illustrative of the Marvellous, 180S, 3 vols. 12mo.
19 The Sice of Rochelle, an historical novel from the
French of Madame de Genlis, 1S08, 3 vols. 12mo. 20. Not
at Home; a Comedy, 1809, Svo. 21. The New Conspiracy
against the Jesuits detected and briefly exposed; with a
short account of their institutes, and observations on the
dano-er of systems of education independent of religion,
1S16 Svo. 22. Recollections of the Life of Lord Byron,
from' the year ISOS to the end of the ye.ar 1814, 1S24, Svo.
"It certainlv does appear that Mr. Dallas, from the first to the
last of his inliiii:icy with Lord Byron, did every thing th.it a filend,
with the feelings of a parent, could do to win his lordship to the
cause of virtue, but unhappily in vain."— ion. Gmllcmayi s Mail.
Mr. Dallas died at St. Adresse, in Normandy, at the ripe
"^DallTsrThomas, Surgeon. On the Treatment of a
Polypus in the Pharynx and CEsophagus ; Ess. Phys. and
Lit iii 525, 1771. Sequel to the preceding, by Dr. Monro,
iv. 634. Fatal Histories of dift'crent Tetanic Complaints,
in which the most, powerful remedies were employed m
vain; Annals of Med., iii. 323, 1797.
Dallas, VV. S. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Animal Kingdom,
Lon 1S56, p. Svo. 2. Elements of Entomology, 1867, p. Svo.
"Tn every thin- .■.^-..thd the book is excellent and will prove a
useful guide for tl otM„,MlMgic.il etudeat."— -Innu/s of .\at. Ht.H.
Dallaway, Mrs. Harriet. A Manual of Heraldry
for Amateurs, Lon., 1S2S, 12mo. .. . , c
'• A useful work: the descriptions are concise and simple. Some
copies have the cuts emblazoned." r -o ■ . i
Dallaway, James, 1763-1834, a native of Bristol,
England, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford; Rector
of South Stoke, Sussex, 1799 ; Vicarof Letherhead, Surrey,
ISOl He officiated for some time as chaplain and physi-
cian to the British Embassy at the Porte. He paid much
attention to antiquarian pursuits. 1. Letters of Bishop
Rundell to Mrs. Sandys, Oxf , 1789, 2 vols. Svo. 2 Inqui-
ries into the Origin and Progress of the Science of Heraldry
in England, Gloucester, 1793, 4to.
" The author of this elegant and erudite work has here, with the
nen of a Tacitus, ac-uratelv defined, in a most comprehensive man-
ner the rise and progressof the science of heraldry, from the earliest
through the most interesting period of British history, accommo-
dating the study to modern systems."— J/irnk'sSiW. Beraldtca.
In this work Mr. D. reprinted the part of the celebrated
" Boke of St, Alhau's," printed in 1486, which relates to
Armorial Bearings. 3. Constantinople, Ancient and Mo-
dern 1797, 4to. 4. Letters and W.irks of Lady Mon-
tagu, from her Original MSS., with Memoirs of her Life,
1806 5 vols. Svo. 6. Anecdotes of the Arts in Eng-
land,' 1800, Svo. 6. Walpolc's Anecdotes of Painting
in England, considerably enlarged, 1806; 1S28, S vols.
" \n admirable puWicition; quite a treasure,— beautiful alike
In paper, printing, and engraving, and truly excellent in every
tiling which d..pcndcd upon the talents and exertions of its editor.
— L'm. Ltleriirtf Gazette. .. „
•■The hives .'if the Painters by Walpole, with notes by the Rev.
Mr. Dallaway, form five perfectly '■'■^Pl"'''''';'; "'™,'?k J"„f it°
good old times of Bibliomania this work «™W "^jY ' "'''^f* ' 1"'!
own accord, into the mahogany book-cases of half the Collections
in London."— />iMin'.' Ilibliomavia. , .. „ . , c „
7 History of the Western Division of the County of Sus-
sex, 1815, '19, imp. 4to ; vol. i. and vol. ii. part 1. 500 copies
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were printed, of which 300 of the 1st vol., and 470 of tho
1st piirt of the 2il, were destr<)yetl hy fire at Bcnsley's print-
ing office, Bolt Court, Juno 26, 1819. Parochial Topogra-
phy of the Rape of Arundel; new ed. by Cartwright, and
Cartwright's Hist, of the Rape of Bramber, (forming vol.
ii. of Dallaway's Western Susses.) 2 vols. imp. 4to, 1S30-
32. Cartwright's Hist, of the Rape of Bramber was pub.
to complete Dallaway's work, and should not be neglected
by the collector.
8. Observations on English Architecture, military, eccle-
Biastical, and civil, 1806, 8vo; 1833.
" Mr. Dallaway has collectedallthemnst striking facts respecting
the Paxon, Norman, and Gothic Architecture. Those whn dt-sire
to collect materials respectintr the history and character of the Kn-:-
lish Gothic Architecture, will find much that is valuable in this
Tolnme; it will indeed be especially serviceable to architectural
students." — Lfifi. Atlienaum,
9. Statuary and Sculpture among the Ancients, 1816, Svo.
350 copies were printed, of which 2(10 were destroyed by
fire at Bensley's printing office. 10. \Viniam Wyrcestre
Redivivus, Bristol, 1823, 4to. 11. Noticcsof Ancient Church
Architecture in the 15th Century, Lon.. 1823, 4to. 12. Pic-
tures exhibiterl in the Rooms of the British Institution
frum 1813 to 1828. In the Arcbicol., xv. 231, 1803. will be
found an account by Mr. D. of the Walls of Constantinople.
Dallaway, J. J, The Map Pedometer. 4to.
Dallaway, R, C. The Servant's Monitor, Lon., 1815,
12mo. Observations on Education, 12mo.
Dallington, Sir Robert, d. 1637, aged 76, a native
of Ge.ldington. Northamptonshire, was "bred a Bible clerk
(as I justly collect) in Bene*t Cullege : and after became a
schoolmaster in Norfolk." — FuJIer'n W,.rth!eii. Wood says
ho was a Greek schular in Pembroke Hall. A Book "of
Epit.iphes made upon the death of the Right Worshipfull
Sir Wm. Buttes. To this work, consisting of poems in
Latin and Eni^lish. contributions were made by Thomas
Coibdld, Heiiric Gnsnolde, Ac. It is now very rare. A
Method fur Traiicll. shewed by taking the View of France
as it stoude in 1598, Lon.. by Thos. Creede. 8vo. Inscribed
'' To all gentlemen that have trauelled.— Rob. Dallington."
Survey of the Great Duke's State in Tnscanv, in the year
1596. 1604, '05, 4to. Aphorisms, Ac; 2d ed., 1629, with
the clause of Guicciardiue defaced by the Inquisition.
'• He had an excclNnit wit and judgment : witness his most accu-
rate aphorisms un Tacitus.' — Fuller's Worthies.
Dallowe, Timothy, Boorhaave's Chemistry, with
the author's correct, and emendat., Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 4to.
Dally, FrankFether. Apotheosisof Shakspeare.and
other Poems. Lou.. 1848, 8vo. The Channel Islands, 1858.
Dalrymple, Alexander, 1737-1808, an eminent hy-
drographer, was a son of Sir James Dalrymple, Bart., of
New Hailes. In his 16th year he went out as a writer in
E. I. Company's service, and was placed in the secretary's
office. In 1779 he was appointed Ilydrographer to tho'E.
I. Company, and in 1795, upon the "establishment by the
Admiralty of a similar office, Dalrymple was selected to
fill the post. He took a lively interest in voyages of dis-
covery. We notice a few of Mr. D.'s many publications.
See list in European Mag., Nov. and Dec. 1802, and in
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Account of the Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean
previous to 1764, Lon., 1767, Svo. He states in his Histo-
rical Collection, that but few copies of the above were
printed, and that "it was not published until some time
after, when it was reported that the French had discovered
the Southern Continent, the great object of all his re-
searches."
An Historical Collection of the South Sea Voyages.
Vol. i., The Spanish Voyages ; Vol. ii.. The Dutch Voyages]
2 vols. 4to, 1770-71. The collector should see that the 2d
vol. has a chronological table, and a vocabulary, for these
are frequently wanting. Both Burney's and Dalrymple's
Collections
*• Are by men well qualified bv science, learning, research and
devotedness to their object, to perform well what thev undertook
on any subject connected with geography and discovery."— ^/ercn-
son s Voyages and Travels.
"Dalrymple is a preat name in the annals of Navigation and
Hydrography, and the present collection is amonff the verv best
of his works." — T. F. Dibdin.
Collection of Voyages, chiefly in the Southern Atlantic
Ocean, 1775, 4to.
A Letter to Dr. Hawkesworth, occasioned by some ground-
less and illiberal imputations in his account of the late
Voyages to the South, 1773, 4to.
*'The indffativ'alile Alexand^^r Dalrymple. who appears to have
been the first projector of the expeditions undt-r Wallis. Cartaret,
and Cook, to the South 8eas. in which he was not permitted to join!
is rather severe in this tract, upon some parts of Dr. Hawkesworth's
account of these voyages."— ieic/t's Btbliotheca Americana Nam,
Observations on Dr. Hawkesworth's Preface to the 2d
edit., 1773, 4to.
An Historical Journal of the expeditions by sea and land
to the North of California, in 1768, '69, and '70; when
Spanish establishments were first made at San Diego and
Monte Rey, 1790, 4to.
■'This was a Spanish MS. presented to the inerenious and indo-
fktigable Mr. Dalrymple by Dr. Robertson. Mr. D. had it translated
by Mr. Revely. and enriched it with other correspondinp material,
and two maps of this hitherto imperfectly known coast. The ac-
count is very curious and interesting." — Lnti.Mimthly L'evifw. See
Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova under 1790, and the notice of iJ/urio His-
toricn under 1770.
The Oriental Repository, 1791-180S, 2 vols. imp. 4to.
This is a valualMe collection of tracts relating to the com-
merce, history, manners, and natural history of the East
j Indies and China, including communications from Major
I Rennell. Orme, Wilkins, Sir W. Jones, Roxburgh, &q. The
East India Company, at whose charge the collection waa
pub., took 100 of the 250 copies which were struck off.
Collection of English Songs, with an Appendix of ori-
ginal pieces, 1796, Svo. An excellent selection. Catalogue
of Authors who have written on Rio de la Plata. Paraguay,
and Chaco, 1809, 4to. Dalrymple pub. some papers in
, Phil. Trans. In the London Institution is a very complete
I copy of his collection of plans of ports in the East Indies,
I with descriptions, a MS. index, &c. in 13 vols, folio and
j quarto.
Dalrymple, Campbell. A Military Essay, Lon.,
I 1761, 8vo.
I Dalrymple, David, Lord Hailes, son of the pre-
ceding. 1726-1792, a. native of Ediulmrgh, was a learned
, and industrious lawyer and antiquary, and added consider-
ably to the historical treasures of the language. In 1776
he became Lord Commissioner of the Justiciary. Many
; interesting details connected with his literary history will
; be found in Boswell's Life of Johnson, Tytler's Life of
1 Lord Kames, and Forhes's Life of Reattie. Sacred Poems
; by various authors. Edin., 1751, 12mo. A Cat. of the Lorda
' of Session from 1532, 17C7, 4to. Memorials and Letters
i relating to the Histories of Britain in the reign uf James
L, Glasg., 1762, 8vo; 1766,Svo; in the reign of Charles I.,
1766, sm. Svo ; the same, with account of the preservation
of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester. 1766. sm. Svo.
Secret Corresp. of Sir Robert Cecil with James VI., Edin.,
1766, 12mo. Annals of Scotland. 1056-1370, 2 vols. 4to,
1776-79; 1819, 3 vols. Svo, including other works.
"The Memoirs of Dalrymple contain very curious information,
and will e:ive important hints most useful to every inquirer into
the Constitutional History of Kmrland.'' — Prof. Smyth.
"It is in our lanpuage, I think, a new mode of history, which
tells all that is wanted, and, I suppose all that is known.'without
laboured splendour of lantruaiie, or affected subtility of conjecture.
... A book which will always sell; it has such a stability of dates,
such a certainty of facts, and such a puuctnality of citation. I
never before read Scotch History with certainty." — Da. Samdbl
JOHXSOX.
" Lord Hailes's Annals of Scotland, it is believed, stands unri-
valled in the Ent'li'^h language for a purity and simplicity of style,
an elegance, perspicuity, and conciseness of narration, that pecu-
liarly suited the form of his work, and is entirely void of that false
ornament and stately irait which makes the works of some other
writers appear in Rigantic but fictitious majesty." — Edinburgh Mag.
Remainsof Christian Antiquity, with Notes, Edin., 1766-
80. 3 vols. 12mo. Lord H. pub. translations of Laetantiua
I de Justitia and other works, (see list in Orme's Bibl. Bib.,)
I which have been highly commended:
j '■ These work s by Lord Hailes are amon^ the most elejiant speci-
mens of translation, and discover a profound acquaintance with
the most minute circumstances of wirly Cliristian antiquity. . . .
He was one of the most formidable anta'^onists of Gibbon.' His
Inquiry into the Secondary Causes [pub. 17!>i3, 4to: new ed.. ISOS,
12mo] is a most triumphant exposure of the sophistry and mis-
representations of that artful writer. The preceding works are
now become scarce: but I know not a hijjher treat which can be
enjoyed bv a cultivated and curious mind than that which they
afford."— Orm^-'s Bihl. Bib.
"They would have been admired in davs when the knowledge
of sarred rritici';ni w.is less rare, and when the value of it was more
justly e'ifimrit.-.l." — Dr. Krskin'e.
An E.xamination of some of the Arguments for the High
Antiquity of lief/iam Majestatem ; and an Enquiry into tho
Authenticity of Leges Malcomi, 1768, 4to. Tracts relative
to the Hist.' and Antiquities of Scotland, 1800, 4to. One
of the tracts in this collection was rigidly suppressed imme-
diately after publication. For other works of this learned
author see Watt's Bibl. Brit. In 1826, 2 vols. 4to, were
pub. his Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session
from 1766 to 1791, selected from the original MSS. by M,
P. Brown.
Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 1652-1737, of North Berwick,
President of the Court of Sessions. Decisions of the Court
of Sessions from 169S to 1718, Edin., 1758, fol.: 1792.
PAL
Dalrymple, General Sir Hew ^Vhiteford, Bart.,
1750-lS;jO, commander of the army iu l*ortLigal, great-
grandson of the above. Memoir of his Proceedings as ■ h h
connected with the Affairs of Spain and the Commencement , j^J^^i'leh" must al
of the Peninsular War, Lon., 8vo.
*■ It forms, with the documents in the Appendix, a very valuable
and authentic addition for the history of the period in question."
— United Ser'.nce Journal.
Dalrymple, James, first Viscount Stair. 1619-1695,
was one of the Lords of Session, President Judge of the
Court of Session, Lord Advocate and Secretary of State.
Institutions of the Law of Scotland deduced from its ori-
ginal, and collated with the Civil, Canon, and Feudal Laws,
and with the Customs of our neighbouring Nations, Edin.,
1681, fol. ; 2d ed., 1693 ; 3d ed., 1759 ; 4th ed., with Com-
mentaries and a Supplet. by George Brodie, Edin., 1825-
32, 2 vols. fol. There is a later edit, by John S. More.
*' \ work surprisingly in advance of the age in which it was pro-
duced, and rettectiof^ honour upon the name and family of its
gifted author.'' — Warre.n^s Law Studies, 2d edit.. SS7.
"It is in truth to be regarded as a Digest of the judgments of
the Court of Session, reduced to order according to the spirit and
arrangement of the Koman jurisprudence." — G. J. BelVs Ormmen-
tariei on tkr Law of Scotland, vol. i. — I*refact.
" A Treati.se on Ueneral Jurisprudence, illustrated by reference
to the Law of Scotland." See More's edit.
'• Our own greatest judicial authors maUc frequent use of the
writings of Lord Stair, who is often cited, for instance, by Black-
stone." — Warren's Law Studies, 8S8.
Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, 1661-
1681, 2 vols, fol., 1683-87. Physiologia Nova Experiment-
alis, Lugd. B.at., 1686, 4to. This was pub. during his e.xile.
An Apologie for himself, Edin., 1690, 4to. A copy, said to
be unique, is in the Advocates' Library. In 1815 seventy-
two copies were printed at the expense of Wm. Blair, Esq.,
for the members of the Bannatyne Club. Modus Litigandi,
1681, fol. Vindication of the Divine Perfections, illustrat-
DAL
and Algernon Sydney, elicited several responses by Joseph
Towers and others.
'Another publication remains yet to be mentioned, which de-
vedly excited the attention of the public on its first appearance,
and which must always be examined with great care by every in-
quirer into the constitutional history of England— the Memoirsof
Dalrymple. They contain very curious information ; and will give
vei-y" important hints respecting the character and views of both
the Duke of York, the king, and the popular leaders, and put the
student into possession of the state secrets of the reign." — Prof.
Smytli's Lectures m Modtrn Uisttn-y.
'■This Dalrymple seems to be an honest fellow; for he tells
equally what makes against both sides. But nothing can be poorer
than his mode of writing; it is the mere bouncing ofa schoolboy:
'Great lie ! but greater She !' and such stuff."— DR. S-tML. JoHNSO«(.
The Rights of Great Britain asserted against the claims
of America; being an answer to the declarations of the
general Congress, Lon., 1776, Svo.
"This celebrated performance is said to have been written,
printed, and liberally distributed, both in Great Britain and .\me-
rica, at the instance and expense of government ; but whether this
be true or not, the work itself we are afraid, will answer no other
purpose than to exasperate the people of Great Britain ag.ainst
their brethren of America, and, by inflaming misrepresentations
and invectives. aggrav.ate the evils of our present civil discord." —
Lon. Montldy Rfview.
'■I have a copy of the Eighth edition, ('printed in the same year:)
to which is now added a refutation of Dr. Price's State of the na-
tional debt; which belonged to Sir James Mackintosh, who has
written on the tiy-leaf, ' now owned to be b,v Sir John Dalrymple.' "
• — Rich's Bilfl. Americana Nova, under 17713, p. '237.
Dalrj-mple, John, 1804-1852, b. at Norwich. Ana-
tomy of the Human Eye, Lon., 1834, 12mo. Pathology of the
Human Eye ; complete in nine fasciculi, imp. 4to, 1849, kc.
'■ The value of this work can scarcely be overestimated." — Brit,
and For. Medico-C'hir. Review.
" The most truly valuable work upon the pathology of the hu-
man eye which has yet appeared."— flii'i'in Qunrterhi Journal.
" As practically useful as it is beautiful." — Lon. Lancet.
Dalrymple, Major Wm. Travels through Spain
ing the Glory of God in them by Reason and Revelation, and Portugal in 1774, Lon., 1777, 4to. Treatise on Military
Lon., 1695, 4lo. ' "
Dalrymple, Sir James, Bart. Collections concern-
ing the Scottish History preceding the death of King
David I., anno 1153, Edin., 1705, Svo. Vindication of the
Ecclesi.astical part of the above, Edin., 1714, Svo. Sir
James's critic was Mr, John Gillane. See Gillane's Life
of John Sage.
Dalrymple, John, 5th Earl of Stair, d. 1789, was
called the " Cassandra of the State" from his gloomy pre-
dictions concerning matters of political economy. 1. The
State of the National Debt, Income, and Expenditure, 1776,
fol. 2. Factsand theirConsequences, 1782. Svo. 3. State
of the Public Debts. 4. An Attempt to balance the Income
and Expenditure of the State, 1783, Svo. Appendix to
ditto. 5. An Argument to prove that it is the Indispen-
sable Duty of the Public to insist that Government do forth-
with bring forward the Consideration of the State of the
Nation, 1783, Svo. 6. On the proper Limits of Govern-
ment's Interference with the Affairs of the East India Com-
pany, 1784, Svo. 7. Address to, and Expostulation with,
the Public, 1784, Svo. Comparative State of the Public
Revenues for the Ye.ars ended 10th Oct. 1783, .and 10th
Oct. 17S4, '85, Svo. Other publications. See Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
Dalrymple, Sir John, 1726-1810, a Baron of Exche-
quer in Scotland, and father to the present Earl of Stair.
An Essay towards a General History of Feudal Property He made some
in Great Britain, Lon., 1757 and 1768, Svo, and 4th edit,,
1759, 12mo. Highly esteemed. Considerations on the Po-
licy of Entails in a Nation, Edin., 1765, Svo.
'■ The Considerations on Entail is one of the best defences that
has been put forth of their policy. It appears to have been prin-
cipally intended as an answer to the following tract. [.\ Free Dis-
quisition concerning the Law of Entails in Scotland. Ac, PMin.,
17'35, 8vo.] in which ent.ails are vigorously and ably attacked." —
McCalloch's Lit. of Pol it. Economy.
The Question considered whether Wool should be allowed
to be Exported when the Price is Low at Home, on Paying
a Duty to the Public? Lon., 1781, Svo.
" A well-written pamphlet, iu which the question is answered in
the affirmative." — Uld supra.
Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, from the Disso-
lution of the last Parliament of Charles II., until the Sea
Battle off La Hogue. With the Supplement and Appen-
dices, 3 vols. 4to, Edin., 1771, '73, '88. New edit., with a
continuation till the capture of the French and Spanish
Fleets at Vigo, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. Svo.
" Dalrymple was the first to procure access to the despatches of
Barillon.the French minister at the Court of James II.. and thereby
unveil the state secrets of the reign, and in particular the fact that
the leaders of the "Whigs were in the pay of Louis XIV.''
Tactics, 1781, Svo.
Dalrymple, Wra., D.D., d. 1813. aged 90. History
of Christ, 1787, Svo. Family Worship explained; in four
Semis.. 1787, Svo.
Dalrymple, Wm. Treatise on the Culture of Wheat,
1800, Svo.
•■ This work treats of whe.at on strong and light lands, the rota-
tions of cropping, seed, and sowing, and steeps or brines. The ideas
are not very enlighteoed, and now £ir superseded." — Donaldson's
Agricidt. Bioq.
Dalton, Edward. The Jesuits, their Principles and
Acts, Lon., 1843, jSmo.
" Yerv useful." — Bickersteth.
Six Serins., 1844, ISmo. Thoughts for Each Day, 1844,
ISiuo. Life of Joseph, 1846, 12mo.
Dalton, J. 15 Serms. A Serm., 1771, '73, Svo.
Dalton, Jame.s. A strange and true relation of a
youni: Woman possest with the Devill, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Da^lton, John, 1709-1763. Fellow of Queen's Coll.,
Oxf. ; Prebendary of Worcester; Rector of St. Mary-at-
Hill. Two Epistles, 1744, 4to. Poem on the Coal Mines
ne.ar Whitehaven, Ac, 1755, 4to. Remarks on 12 Designs
of Raphael. Serms., 1745, "47, '55. Serms., 1767.
"The discourse r,n I'eace is one of the best sermons which we
remember to have read on the sulject."— ion. Critical Iteriew.
Dalton, John, 1767-1S44, a native of Eaglesfield,
Cumberland, was a teacher of mathematics at Manchester.
Itiable contributions to chemistry: the
Atomic theory; theory of Mixed Gases ; meteorological ob-
servations, Ac. Meteorological Observations and Essays,
Lon.. 1793. Svo.
" All of which have thrown much light on the subject of which
he treated."— K. D. Thomson. M.D., &c.
2. English Grammar, 1801, Svo. 3. New System of
Chemical Philosophy. Part 1st, 1808, Svo. Part 2d, Man-
chester, 1810, Svo. Part 3, 1827. Chemical Con. to Nic.
Jour., 1806, '11 ; to Annals of Phil., 1813, '14. Sec Rich's
Cyc. of Biog., 1854, and Atomic Theory in Thomson's
Cyclopicdia of Chemistry ; also Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 157,
and Wcstm. Rev., xlv. 88.
Dalton, Maria R. The Vicar of Lansdowno ; aTale,
Lon., 1789, 2 vols.
Dalton, Michael, M.P., 1554-1620, an English law-
yer. 1. The County Justice, 1619, fob; 10 or 12 edits.:
last 1746, fol.
■• A book which, though not a judicial authority, is of consider-
able weight."— J/umn's Leg. Bibl., 251 ; 3 Bos. <t Put., 254 ; 1 Brod.
tf- R 57'! bO^t
2.' Offlcium Vicecomitum, the Office and Authority of
SheriB's; with an Appendix, Lon., 1682, 1700, fol.
There is a MS. of his in the Brit. Museum, entitled A
See Dalrymple's second volume. The statements thus Breviary or Chronology of the State of the Roman or
put forth respecting the character of Lord William Russell I Western Church or Empire, ic.
470
DAL
Dalton, R. Every Man his own Physician; or the
present I'ractico of Physic, Lon., 1780. 12mo.
Dalton, Richard, tl. 1791. keeper of the rictures,
medals, ic. and antiquary to Geor^'u III., was a brother
of John Dalton, Piel)endary of Worcester. E.\plan. of a
set of prints rcl.ative to the Manners. Customs, &c. of the
present inhabitants of Egypt, Lon., 1781. fol. Artiquities
and Scenery in Greece and Eisypt, 175)1. fol. These en-
gravings include the basso-relievos discovered in Carla, Ac.
Uaiviiiiart, M. Costume of Turlicy, 1802, imp. 4to.
Daly, Charles P., Judge of tlie Common Pleas, N.
Torli. Historical Slictch of the Judicial Tribunals of New
York from 1(;2:! to 1846.
Daly, Daniel, 1595-1662. an Irish Dominican monk,
founder and superior of a college of his order at Lisbon,
luitium, incrementum et exitus familiar Giraldinorum Des-
monias. Ac. Lisbon, 1655, Svo.
Daly, Daniel, Tri.il between, and R. R.jllcs. 1S0.5.
Dalyell, Sir John Graham, d. 1851, in his 74th
year. JTragments of Scot. History. Edin., 1798, 4to. Scot.
Poems of the Sixteenth Century, 1801, 8vo. Tracts on the
Nat. Hist, of Animals and Vegetables, Ac, 180.S, 2 vols. 8vo.
Illust. of Scot. Hist, 1806, Svo. Monastic Antiquities, 1809,
8yo. Ancient MS. of Martial's Epigrams, 1812, Svo. Lind-
say of Pitscottie's Hist, of Scotland, new ed. Darker Super-
stitions of Scotland, 18.34, Svo. Rare and Remarkable
Animals of Scotland, Lon., 1847, '48, 2 vols. 4to, £6 6s.
" The present publication will not only prove Sir John's inde-
pendent discoveries and priority, but it will place its author in the
first rank of those who gain deserved honour by their talent for
original observation, and by that devoted love," &c. — Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, Feb. 1848.
Powers of the Creator Displayed in the Creation, 1851-
53. 2 vols. 4to. £8 S.S. Other works.
Dalzel, Andrew, 1750?-1806, a native of Ratho,
near Edinburgh, was Professor of Greek in the University
of Edinburgh. The Plain of Troy, from Chevalier, Edin.,
1791, 4to. Drysdale's Serms., with Life. Ac. 1793,2 vols.
Svo. Analecta Grceca Minora cum Notts Philologicis. New
edit., with notes l>y Rev. J. T. White. Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
Collectanea GrKca" Majora, Edin., 1802, '03, 2 vols. Svo.
■Vol. i., 4th edit., 1840; vol. ii.. Sth edit., 1845: vol. iii.,
1825. Con. to Trans. R. Soc, Edin., ii. 3. 1790. In Mr.
White's edit, of Dalzel's Analecta Gra?ca Minora, a portion
of the long extracts from Lucian has been retrenched, and
the place supplied by selections from Arrian and ^lian.
The notes are written in English, and the Greek Lexicon
nas been remodelled and enlarged. Substance uf Lectures
on the Ancient Greeks, 1821, Svo. See a review in Lon.
Quarterly Review, xxvi. 243.
Dalzel, Archibald, Governor of Whydah, and after-
wards of Cape Coast Castle, in Africa. The History of Da-
Homey, Lon., 1793, 4to.
" The otficial situation which the author held Rave hiui opportu-
nities of saitiing muoh v.iluable information of this kiu-^dom and
its inhabitants, the accuracy of which may be depended on." —
Stevciuon^s Voyages and Travels.
Dalzel, James. Short Genealogy of the Family of
Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, Edin., 1785, 4to. Privately
printed.
Daman, or Damon, Wm,, one of Queen Elizabeth's
Musicians. The Psaumes of Dauid in English meter. Lon.,
1579, long Svo. Gull. Damon, his Psalmes, in foure partes,
1591. 4to.
Damberger, C. F, Travels in the Interior of Africa,
Lon.. ISOl. Svo; from the German. Of these celebrated
fictitious travels, written in a garret in London, two trans-
lations were published in ISOl.
Darner, lion. Mrs. Diary of her Tour in Greece,
Turkey, Egypt, and the Holy Land, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo,
1841, '42.
"The Hon. Mrs. Bamer. a descendant of Lady Mary Wortley
Montasu. successfully rivals her ladyship in the very features in
which she has so lonij been considered the most deliijhtful of tour-
ists. Such pictures of Turkish private life as are here given, it is
vain to look for elsewhere." — Lon. jVcw M'mUily Mag.
" Information that cannot but be considered of unrivalled intei--
est in every part of the Christian world." — Lon. Sun.
Damets, Dr. Juan. Hist, of the Baliarick Islands,
or Kingdom of M.ajorca, Lon., 1719, Svo.
Damon, Wm. See Daman.
Dampier, George. Cure for bites of Mad Creatures,
Phil. Trans.. 1698.
Dampier, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Rochester. Serm.,
1782. 4to.
Dampier, Capt. Wm., b. 1652, a celebrated naviga-
tor, was a native of Somersetshire. A sketch of his voyages
is contiiined in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and in the Biogra-
phic XJniverselle ; but the reader shoiJd not neglect to pe-
DAN
ruse the voyages, the best edit, of which will be found in
the Collection pub. in 1729, Lon., 4 vols. 8vo. Contents:
1. Capt. Dampier's Voyages round the World. 2. Voyages
of Lionel Wafer. 3. Voyage round the World, by W. Fun-
nell. Mate to Capt. Dampier. 4. Capt. Cowley's Voyage
round the Glolje. 5. Capt. Sharp's Journey over the Isth-
mus of Darien, and Expedition into the South Seas. 6. Capt.
Wood's Voyage through the Strcights of Magellan. 7. Mr.
Roberts's Adventures and Sufferings among the Corsairs
of the Levant.
Dampier's Account of a New A'oyage round the World
was pub. in 1697, 3 vols. Svo; 1699, 2 vols. Svo; 1703, 3
vols. 8vo. Voyage to Now Holland, 1781, Ac. Besides
several edits., the substance of his story has been transfer-
red into many Collections of Voyages.
" It is not easy to name another Voyager who has given more
useful information to the World, and to whom the Merchant and
Miirine are so much indebted." — Burnet.
''Unequalled as an observer, and gifted with the most remark-
able powers of description."
Dan, Archdeacon. Discourse of the Army of the
King of Spain, assembled at Lisbon against England,
Lon!". lf)SS. Svo.
Dana, Charle.s Anderson, b. August 8, 1819, at
Hinsdale. N.H. He entered Harvard Univ. in 1S39, but,
owing to a disease of the eyes, he remained there but two
years, and received an honourable dismissal. He suc-
cessively edited The Harbinger, a Weekly Journal devoted
to Social Reform and General Literature ; the Boston Chro-
notype; and in 1847 he became connected with the N.Y.
Tribune, and is now (1858) one of its proprietors, and, in
the absence of Mr. Greelev, editor-in-chief. He edited the
Household Book of Poetry, N.Y., 1S58, Svo, pp. 79.3.
'' Dauii's Household Book of Poetry is a success. Everybody is
glad to have in a single volume the English poems to which they
biibitually love to refer."— Henry T. Tuckerjun.
In counexion with Geo. Ripley, he is editing Appleton a
New American Cyclopajdia, to be completed in 15 vols.
Svo. See KiPLEV, George.
Dana, E. Geogr.iphical Sketches of the Western
Countrv ; for Emigrants and Settlers, Cin., 1819, 12mo.
Dana, Francis, LL.D., d. ISll, aged 68, Chief Jus-
tice of Massachusetts, was a descendant of Richard Dana,
who died at Cambridge about 1695. Francis Dana was
envoy to Russia during the American Revolution, a mem-
ber of Congress, and of the Massachusetts Conveutiou for
adopting the national Constitution. In polities he was a
decided and energetic Federalist. His Correspondence
whilst in Europe will be found in Sparks's Diplomatic Cor-
respondence, vol. viii. AVe shall hereafter have occasion
to notice the literary productions of Judge Dana's distin-
guished son, RicHAHn H. Dana.
Dana, James, D.D., d. 1812, aged 77, a minister of
New Haven, wasanative of Massachusetts. Examination
of Edwards's Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will. Boston,
1770, Svo. Anon. The Examination Continued. New Ha-
ven, 1773: — with his name — 3 Serms. in Amer. Preacher,
vol. i and iii. Serms., 1763, '64, '67, '70, '74, '90, '91, '92,
'94, '95, 1801, '05, '06. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Dana, Professor James Dwight, b. 1S13. at Utica,
New York, is a son of James Dana. 1. A System of Jline-
ralogy. 1st edit. New Haven, 1837, 8vo, pp. 572; 2d edit,
N. York, 1844. pp. 634; 3d edit, 1860, pp. 712; 4th edit,
1854, 2 vols., pp. 320 and 354 ; 5th ed., 1858, Svo.
"This work does great honour to America, and should make U9
blush for the neglect in England of an important and interesting
science." — Lon. Athenaum.
2. Manual of Mineralogy, New ILaven, 1849, 12mo;
1851, pp. 432. 3. Report on Zoophytes; United States
Exphuing Expedition under Commander Charles Wilkes,
U.S.N., pp. 740, 4to, with an Atlas in folio, of 61 plates,
Phila.. 1S46. Report on Geology, (Ibid,) pp. 756. 4to,with
an Atlas in folio of 21 plates. New York, 1849. Report on
Crustacea, 2 vols. 4to, pp. 1620, with an Atlas in folio of
96 plates, 1852. Mr. Dana has been since 1846 one of the
editors of The American Journal of Science, and to this pe-
riodical and the proceedings of the following learned bodies
he has contributed many valuable pajiers : The proceedings
of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia; the
Academy of Science, Boston ; the Lyceum of Natural His-
tory, N. York ; the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science.
Dana, Professor James Freeman, M.D., 1793-
1827, grandson of Judge Samuel Dana, and son of Luther
Dana, was Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Dart-
mouth College, and subsequently Professor of Chemistry
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York.
Outlines of the Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and
DAxV
it^ Vicinity, Boston, 1818, 8vo: written in conjunction witb
his brother, Samuel L. Baua, M.D. An Epitome of Che-
mical Philosophy, 1825, 8vo, He contributed to sevenil
journals. See Thacher's Med, Biog.j Cat. N. H. Hist.
Sue, ii. 290.
Dana^ James G. Reports of Select Cases decided
in the Cuurt of Appeals of Kentucky, 1834-40, Frankfort,
9 vols Svo.
Dana, Joseph, D.D., 1742-1827. a minister of Ips-
wich, Mat^sachusetts. Discourses, 1782, '95, '99, 1800, '01,
'06. '07. '18.
Daua, Richard Henry, b. 1787, at Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts, is a son of Francis Dana, (v. ante,) successively
minister to Russia, member uf Congress, and Chief Justice
of Massachusetts. The first of the family who settled in
America (about the middle of Ihe 1 7th century) was
Richard Dana, a descendant of William Dana, Sheriff of
Middlesex during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. After a
course of three years' application to his studies at Harvard
College, he adopted the profession of the law, which he
may be said to have inherited, as his father and grand-
father, and bis mother's father and grandfather, were all
gentlemeu of the long robe. Mr. Dana's health was not
robust, and this impediment to active exertion, combined
with an inclination to authorship, caused him to close his
office, and assume a portion of the mingled pleasures and
pains attendant upon a partial editorship of the North
American Review, in conjunction with his relative. Edward
T. Channing, principal manager of that excellent periodi-
cal. Whilst associate editor — or rather assistant in the
management — of the Review, he wrote a number of articles
for its pages, among the best known of which is the review
of Hazlitt's Lectures on the British Poets. We may here
remark that Mr. Daua was one of the first to oppose the
despotic sway of the great Jeffrey, who then ruled the Re-
public uf Letters with a *' rod of iron ;" — one of the first to
claim for Wordsworth and Coleridge the tribute which has
since been so heartily accorded to them. Mr. Dana's con-
nection with theReviewceased in 1820, and soon after his
withdrawal from the North American Club, he began Tlie
Idle Man, of which the first volume appeared in 1821.
This volume, and one number of a second, compose the
whole series of this periodical. It was unprofitable, and
Mr. Dana did not deem it a duty tn amuse and instruct the
public at his own expense. In The Idle Man appeared
Tom Thornton, a novel; his other stories, and several es-
says. In 1821 Mr. Daua contributed to The New York
Review — under the editorial care of his friend, Wm. 0.
Bryant — his first poem, The Dying Raven. In 1S27 he
published his most celebrated production, The Buccaneer;
eome other poems were included in the same volume. In
1833 he gave to the world an edition of his Poems and
Prose Writings, including The Buccaneer and other pieces
embraced in his previous volume, with some new poema,
and his own compositions originally puldished in The Idle
Man. Since 1833 Mr. Dana has written but little. He
has contributed a few articles to The Literary and Theo-
logical Review, and The Spirit of the Pilgrims, and a few
poems to a magazine published under the editorial super-
intendeuce of the Rev. Dr. Griswold; to whose works on
American Authors we are indebted for the facts contained
in this notice.
We must not omit to notice, as among the most valuable
of Mr. Dana's contributions to the intellectual wealth of
his country, a course of ten lectures upon Shakspeare, de-
livered in the winters of 1839 and '40 in the cities of Bos-
ton, New York, and Philadelphia. Many of our readers
will remember the interest excited among the more intel-
ligent classes by these expositions of the excellencies of
the great poet of human nature under all types and in all
ages. A collective ed. of Mr. Dana's Poems and Prose
Writings was pub. N. York, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo; and a
vol. entitled The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe and
Richard H. Dana was printed by Routledge. Lou., 1857,
18mo, pp. 260. For the profit of the reader, we give some
extracts from a review of the American volumes by Mr. S.
G. Brown :
*' No one can rise from even a rapid perusal, without a fresh im-
pulse towards the noblest object s of life ; no one can become familiar
with them without being unconsciously led to a habit of serious
thought, and finding his best affections most cherished, and his
sympathies witb the beautiful, the good, and the tiuo, eiilarj^ed
and strengthened. . . . An exquisite and indescribable delicacv
and pentleuessof spirit pervades every page, and beautifuUv tinges
the tbou^'hts which another would have expressed, if at all. with
a gIarini;obtrusiveness. . . . The ^■pecial power of the iuiatiiuation,
impenetrated, warmed, and dirritcd by the afTi t-timis. gives a pe-
culi.ir and inimitable vitiility to tlic st\ Ir: ;ind jn-rhnps llj.-re is no
eiuj^le quality of Mr. Dana's mind which so strouglyiudividualizes,
•■-. . DAN
elevates, and. as we may say. glorifies his writings. Tn the gravest
e^say. no less than in the story, you fall upon some touchirii: ex-
pression upon almost every page, to which the heart gave birth,
not the head. . . . After these quntation.s it surelv needs no word
of ours, as it has by no means been our object, to viiidic;ite the
claim of the author to what the gentle Sir Philip calls ' the .'yicred
iiauie of Poet.' That verdict was given long since. Accuracy of
observation, a wide and genuine sympathy, au insight into the
secret he-lrt of things, a just judgment and ample knowledge, a
fancy to paint and an imagination to warm and enliven, au ear
for the music of language, and a mind all aglow with the fire of
thought, attest the truth to which we must re-idily assent."^
North Amer. Jfeview. Ixxii. 115.
The reader must not fail to peruse a notice of The Buc
caneer in Blackwood's Magazine, (sxxvii. 419, 1835,) which
the famous reviewer introduces, and treats throughout in
his own inimitable style:
'• We remember some years ago having been greatly struck, in
Specimens of the American Poets — a Collection iu three volumes,
which some consuumiate villain has stolen from us — with The Buc-
caneer, by Kichardll.Dana. It is included in this volume, (Selec-
tions from the Ameiican Poets. Dublin. 1S34. llimo,j and we pro-
nounce it by far Ihe most powerful and original of American poetr
ical compositions. The power is Mr. Dana's own ; but the style —
though he has made it his own too — is coloured by that of Ciabbe,
of Wordsworth, and of Coleridge. He is no servile follower of those
great masters, but his genius has been inspired by theirs — and he
almost pLtces himself on a level with them by this extraordinary
story — we mean on the level on which thev stand in such poems
as the Old Grimes of Ciabtie- the Peter Bell of Wordsworth, and
the Ancient Manner of Coleridge. The Buccaneer is not equal to
any one of them, but it belongs to the same class, and shows much
of the same power in the delineations of the mysterious workings
of the passions and the imagination. The opening is very beau-
tiful. ... In our abridgment the Tale has seemed almost all one
uninterrupted series of guilt and misery ; but sweet and soothing
imagery is sometimes very skilfully introduced for reliefs sake,
and sometimes, too, touches of tenderness that may awaken tears."
— CiiRisToi'fiER North.
A notice of Mr. Dana's Thoughts on the Soul, by F. ^V.
P. Greenwood, will be found iu the North American Re-
view, XXX. 274: We quote a few lines:
"The poet's Thoughts on the Soul are evidently the breathings
of his own soul; and his words flow out warmly from his own
heart. There is a .^lerious and earnest individuality about Mr. D.v
na's muse, which forbids the suspicion that she can be plavinga
part, or that she is iu any degree otherwise than what she seems.
The love which she demands is respectful love, the homage which
is rendered to the beauty of holiness."
Dr. Griswold also notices this marked individuality,
which is so strikiug a characteristic of Mr. Dana's compo-
sitions:
"The strength of Mr. Dana lies very much in the union of sen-
timent with imagination, or perhaps in au ascendency of sentiment
over his other faculties. It is this whii.h makes every character
of his so actual, as if he entered into each with his own conscience,
and iu himself suffered the victories over the will, and the remorse
which follows them. There are beautiful touches of lancy in his
tales, but as in his poems, the fancy is inferior and subject to the
imagination."
See also N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., (Wm. C. Bryant;) Chris.
Exam., XV., (C. C. Felton,) xlviii., (E. P. Whipple ;) Amer.
Whig Rev., v., (Wm. A. Jones;) Amer. Quar. Obs., ii.,
(E. C. Tracy:) Lit. and Theol, Rev., (Neh. Adams;)
Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. ; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. ; N. Eng.
Mag., v.; N. Englander, is. ; Knicker., xxxviii. j Phila.
Mus., xxvi.
"The Idle Man, which came out in numbers in 1821, '22. notr
withstanding the cold reception it met with from the public, we
look upou as holding a place among the first productions of Ame-
rican literature. It will be leferred to hereafter, we doubt not,
as standing apart from the crowd of contemporary writings, and
distinguished by a character of thought and expn-ssion peculiarly
its own. One reason why it took so little at its first appearance,
was probably the hardihood with which its author sli;„'hted the
usual arts of attracting the public attention, and conciliating the
public favour. It was not a work that reflected the passing image
of the day; and the author adopted no fashionable modes of ex-
pression, submitted to no fashionable canons of criticism, copied
no popular author, and intimated no consent to favourite opinions.
He Seems to have fixed his attention only upon what he thought
the permanent qualities of literature, and his work is one which
will be read acentury hence, as at the present time. . . . The .style
of The Idle Man is genuine mother English, formed from a study
of the elder authors of the language, with now and then a collo-
quial expression of the humblest kind, elevated into unexpected
dignity, or au obsolete word or phrase revived, as if on purpose to
excite the distaste of the admirers of a stately or .a modernized diiv
tion. It is free from all commonplace ornaments, from all that
multitude of stock metaphors and illustrations which have an-
swered the uses of authors from time immemorial. Add to this
that the speculations of the author were as much his own as his
style. An ori^rinal turn of thinking is not the surest passport to
immediate popularity. It is much easier, and sometimes, much
safer, to follow one who thinks in the common track. . , . AVe like
this work [The Buccaneer and other Poems, Boston, IS'27, Svo, pp.
113] the lietter. perhaps, because some of its merits are of a kind
not common in modern poetry. It is simpleand severt- in its .style,
and free from thatjierpetual desire to be glittering and imaginative,
which dresses up every idea that occurs in the same allowance of
figures of speech. As to what is called ambition of style, the work
DAN
DAN
does not contain a particle of it: if the spntiment or image pre-
sented to the readf-r's mind be of itself calculated to make an ini-
pression, it is allowed to do so, by being given in the most direct
and furciblw language; if otherwise, no pains are taken to make it
pas9 for more tlmn it is worth. There is even an occasional home-
liness of expri'ssinn which does not strike ns agreeably, and a few
passages are liable to the charge of haishness and abruptness. Yet,
altogether, there is power put forth in this little volume, strength
of pathos, talent at description, and command of language. There
is the same i)roi)enBity aa was exhibited in The Idle Man to deal
with strong and gluumy passions, with regret, remorse, fear, and
despair, with feelings over which present events have no control
eKCopt to exaggerate them, and which look steadilv back to the
unalterable past or forward to the mysterious future." — Wm. C.
Bryant: JV. Anwr. Itev., xxvi. 239.
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr.. son of the preceding,
and a distin<:uisheil member of the Boston Bar, is known as
the author of Two Years before the :\Iapt, N.Y.. 1840. 24mo.
"This is, in many respects, a remarkable book. It is a success-
ful attempt to describe a class of men, and a course of life, which,
thoui^h familiarly spoken of by most people, and considered as
within the limits of civilization, will appear to them now almost
as just discovered. To find a new subject in so old a sphere of
humanity is something; and scarcely second to this are the spirit
and skill with which it is handled. It seems as if the writer must
have been favoured with a special gift for his novel enterprise.
. . . The style we had never thought of as a distinct thing, till we I
began to prepare this notice; and, no doubt, because it cills for no I
separate remark, and is content with doing its work. It is plain,
straightforward and manly, never swollen for effect, or kept down
from apprehension. There is no appearance of seeking for words;
but those that will best answer the purpose come and foil into
their proper places of their own will; so that, whatever the transi-
tions may be. the composition flows on with natural, stream-like
varieties, while we partiike of the changing intluences without a ■
word of comment, and probably with little consciousness. This, i
we suppose, is the perfection of style, so lar as impression is con-
cerned; and to some extent it will always be found in an intelli-
gent writer, who, without thinking much of himself, or of making
a sensation, says honestly how things were, and how they affected i
him. We must uot, however, attribute too much to sincerity, or >
even to intelligence. Where language is employed with singular
fitness and e;ise, a writer must be deep in the secret of its power,
though at little troutJe in managing it." — E. T. Channing : Nnrth
Anicr. Rev.y lii. 56. See also Chris. Exam., vol. xxix.; Dem. Rev.,
viii. ; N. York Rev., vii.
We add a few lines from a transatlantic critic :
*' This is an exceedingly interesting narrative, depicting, in its
true colours, what is the real life of a sailor before the mast. It is
the only work that has yet appeared from the pen of one whose
personal experience has enabled him to set forth to the public what
are the thoughts, feelings, enjoyments, and sufferings of our sea-
men: and ^Ir. Dana, the author of it, has been most successful in
his delineation of them. We strongly recommend this book to the
attentionof theTarsof Old England, as being one which will afford
them both amusement and instruction. The fine tone of manly
feeling and tender sympathy which runs throughout the whole of
it. will not only suggest to them how they may make themselves
happy in their condition of life, but how they may encounter and
oveicome the many troubles and trials to which their hardy pro-
fession is necess:trily exposed. We hope to hear that every sailor,
from the cabiu-boy to the captain, has procured for himself a copy
of it. We are sure one perusal of it will amply repay him both
the expense and time taken up in it.
" We understand from competent judges — from f^enmen themselves
— that it is the only book that has yet appeared which gives any
real idea of the lite of a sailor. Captain Marryat's novels do not
depict what life on board ship is. Much of what is reported in
them to have passed in conversation was never spoken, and never
had existence Imt in the fertile imagination of the novelist: it is,
in short, as tar different from the re.il life and chai-acter of the
sailor, as it possibly can be ; and those who want to see what is the
true character of the man on board ship, have yet to peruse the
work of this estimable young man. It is, in fact, a voice from the
common sailor. — a true picture of his thoughts, feelings, the fore-
castle— a faithful simple record of the every-day duty of enjoyments
and sufferings.''
Mr. Dana has al.so published The Seaman's Friend, con-
taining a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with plates, a
Dictionary of Sea Terms, Customs and Usages of the Mer-
chantService, 1841, 12mo; Lou., 1S56, p. Svo. EditedWash-
ington Allston's Lects. on Art, and Poems. N. ¥., 1850, 12mo.
Dana, Samuel L., M.D. Treatise on Diseases, Svo.
Essny on Manures, N. York, 1850, 12mo. Muck Manual
for Manures, Lowell, 1851, 12mo. See Dana, James Free-
man. M.D.
Dauby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, subsequently
Duke of Leeds. Copies and Extracts of some Letters writ-
ten to and from the Earl of Danby, 1676-78, with particu-
lar Remarks upon some of them, Lun., 1710, Svo. Pub.
by his Grace's direction to exculpate himself from the
charges laid against him in Parliament in 1678. See Ar-
guments in the Court of King's Bench on his Motion for
Bail, 16S2, fol. j Memoirs relating to his impeachment,
1711. Svo.
Dance, George, d. 1824. A Collection of 72 Por-
traits from Life, engraved by Wm. Daniel, Lon., lSOS-14,
12 Nos. 2 vols iVd.
Dancer. History of the Civil Wars of Great Britain
and Ireland, 1661, fol.
Dancer, John. Plato and Aristotle, Lon.. 1673, 12mo;
Nicomcde, a Tragi-Couiedy, 1671 ; Agrippa, 1675, sm. fol. ;
all from the French. With Nicomede wilt be found a Cata-
logue of all the English Stage Plays printed till this pre-
sent year, 1671. Duaeertraus. Amynta, aPlay from Tasso.
All of his trans, are scarce.
Dancer, Thomas. Med. and botanical works, 1781-
1S06.
Dancy, Mrs. Elizabeth, b. 1509, second daughter '
of Sir Thomas More, was a correspondent of Erasmus, who
praises her for "her pure Latin style, and genteel way of
writing." See Ballard's Memoirs of Briti.'rh Ladies.
Dane, John, D.D. Serms.. 1705, 'lu, 'II. '12.
Dane, Nathan, d. 1834, aged 82. a native of Ipswich,
Massachusetts, founded in l^^'J the Law Professorship
which bears his name at Harvard University. Abridg-
ment and Digest of American Law, with Notes and Com-
ments, Boston, 1823, 9 vols. Svo. Appendix to ditto,
1830. Svo.
" Uis comments exhibit various learning and close reflection,
and his illustrations cannot fail to assist such as seek for aid in
those obscure parts of the law which perplex by their intricacy
and equivocal direction."
" Although the Abridgment is a work of great labour, and anafr
knowledgedmonumentof its authoi-'s industry, care, and accuracy,
yet it has never been a great Civourite with the profession, from
the want of method which pervades the entire work. It was valu-
able when first juiMished. but is now nearly superseded as a book
of reference, and ii" niii.- thinks of reading it as an elementary trea-
tise. Its iniiotthudiral plan andthe natural changesand progress
of American jurisprudence have almost consigned to ohlivion the
half-century's toil of a learned jurist and a true philanthropist." —
Marvin's Legal Bibh, 252; 4 .inicr. Jurist, Ixiii. 411; i'J) 411.
"A liberal and learned profession will hold in high estimation
the labours of this eminent civilian and lawyer, who, for half a
century, has made American jurisprudence and American institu-
tior.B his peculiar study; and every lawyer, instead of feeling re-
gret tV.r deficiencies, ought to be animated with sincere gratification
for what has been accomplished." — North American Review, xxiii.
1, 1S2G.
AVhen we add to the above tribute a consideration of the
benefits which have resulted from the Dane Law School
and Dane Professorship, which has been dignified by the
learning of a Story, a Greenleaf, and a Parsons — we feel
authorized in claiming for Nathan Dane a prrmiinent place
in the first rank of American philanthropists. It were
easy to add to the catuloguo of ilr. Dane's claims to the
respectful rcinenibrance of his countrymen.
Danes, John. ALightto Lilic; or the Latin Tongue,
Lon. .1631, Svo. Paralipomena, OrthographiEe.(tc.,1638,4to.
Danett, Thos. Historie of France, from the death,
of Charles 8th till the death of Henry 2d. 1600, 4to. The
Description of the Low Countreys; an Epitome out of
Guicchardini, 1593, Svo.
Danforth, John, 1660-1730, aministerof Dorchester,
Mass. Serms., 1697, 1710. '16, &o. Poems, 1727, Ac.
Danforth, Samuel, 1626-1674, a minister of Rox-
bury, Mass., father of the preceding, was a native of Eng-
land. Astronom. descrip. of the late Comet, Camb., New
Eng., 1665. '66, Svo. Serms.. 1670. J:c.
Danforth, Samuel, 1666-1727. a minister of Taun-
ton, Mass., son of the preceding. Eulogy, 1713. Serm.,
1714. He left in MS. an Indian Dictionary, apartof which,
is now in tlie library of the Mass. Historical Society.
Danforth, Thos. Theory of Chimnies, 1796, Svo.
Dangerfield, J. Short-hand. Chelsea, 1814, Svo.
Dan^gcrfield, Thos. Theolog. treatises, Ac. 1679-85.
Daniel, George. The Times; or the Prophecy, Lon.,
1812, Svo : 2d edit.. 1S13. Miscellaneous Poems, is'l2, Svo.
Daniel, George. Modern Dunciad, Virgil in Lon-
don, and other Poems, Lon., 1835, p. Svo.
"This modern Pope, whoever he be, has produced a Dunciad,
which the stinging bard of Twickenham would not be ashamed
to own. The bard spares neither poet nor courtier; and in the
office of a satirist, he speaks with the boldness of Juvenal." — Lfm.
Munthjy Iteview.
The Missionary, a Poem, 1847, sm.4to. Merrie Englana
in the Olden Time, 1842, 2 vols. p. Svo. This is an in-
structive and amusing volume. The good-humoured anti-
quary is no ignoble philanthropist. Democritus in Loudon,
&c.. lSo2. p. Svo.
Daniel, Godfrey. The Christian Doctrine, in six
principles, Dubl., 1652, Svo. In English and Irish.
Daniel, John. Comfort against all kinde of Calami-
tie, Lon., lo76, Svo. This is a trans, from the Spanish of
Perez.
Daniel, John. TheJewi.=h Unction, Lon., 1651, 12mo.
Daniel, John. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1751,
12mo. Written in imitation of Peter Wilkins.
Daniel, Rev. John. Ecclesiastical History of the
Britons and Saxons, 1S15, Svo.
473
DAN
DAN
Daniel, Mrs. Mackenzie. The Poor Cousin, 1846,
3 vols. p. Svo. My 8isttr Minnie, Lon., 18i8, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Georgina Hammond, 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo. Other works.
" Amongst our novelists we have no more pure. asreeaV>le. and
genial writer than Mrs. Mackenzie Daniel, liccrcina Hammond
is certitin to b'*come one of the standard novels in the language,
and to be read over and over again. — portraying, with a graphic
pencil, the manners, thoughts, customs, and feelings prevailing at
this moment among large classes of the English people."— ion.
Morninfj Hprald.
Daiiiel, Iticliard. A Copy Book, Lon., 1664, fol.
Daniel, Ilichard. A Poem, Lon., 1714, fol.
Daniel, Ilichard, Dean of Armagh. A Paraphrase
on somo Select Psalms, Lon. .1722, Svo.
Daniel, Samuel, 1662-161», a poet and historian,
was a native ot Taunton. Somersetshire. He was educated
at Ma^^dalen Hall, Oxford, and was subsequently tutor to
the celebrated Anne Clifford, daughter of George, Earl of
Cumberland, and afterwards Countess of Pembroke. Of
his personal history but few records have descended to
posterity, and later researches have rendered even these
question.able. That he was a great favourite with his con-
tempor.Tries, we have ample evidence. For some years he
resided in a small house in the parish of St, Luke's, Lon-
don, associated with Shakspcare, Marlowe, Chapman, and
others, and towards the close of his life retired to a farm
at Beckington near Philips-Norton, in Somersetshire. Dis-
course of Rare Inventions; a trans, from Paulus Jovius,
Lon., 1585, Svo. Delia; contayningcertayne sonnets, 1592,
4to. Delia and Rosamond augmented, 1594, 4to. The
Tragedie of Cleopatra, 1594, 4to. Historic of the Ciuile
Warres betweene the Houses of York and L.ancaster, 1595,
4to; in verse. Octavia to Antouinus, 1599, Svo. Mvso-
philvs, 1599, 4to. Epistles, 1601, 4to. Poems, 1602, fol.
Certaice small poems, with the tragedy of Philotus, 1605,
Svo. Defence of Ryme against Thomas Campion, 1603,
Svo. A Panegyrike, 1628, 4to. Twelve Goddesses, 1604,
Svo. The Qveenes Arcadia ; a Pastoral! Trage-Comedie,
1605, 4to. Tethy's Festival, 1610, 4to. The History of
England; Part 1, reaching to the end of K. Stephen's reign;
in prose, 16l:i, 4to. Part 2, reaching to the end of the
reign of K. Edw. III., 1618, '21, '23, '34, fol. Continued
to the end of K, Rich. III., by John Russell; to which is
added Lord Bacon's Life of Henry VIL, Lon., 1621, '50.
To which is .added Hist, of Eng. to the end of Henry VI.
See Kennett's Hist. Certaine small Workes heretofore di-
vulged, 1611, ]2mo. Poem on the Death of the Earl of
Devon. 1623, 4to. Plays and Poems. 1623. 4to. Hvmen's
Triumph, 1623, 4to. Collections of the Hist, of Eng. to
the end of Henry III., 1626, fol. Whole Workes, in Poetry,
1601, fol., 1 623, 4to. Pub. by the Author's brother. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., £4 14«.6ii. Works. 1631. fol. Poetical Works,
■with Mem. of his Life and Writings, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo.
"The works of Samuel Daniel containe somewhat a tlat. yet
withal a very pure and copious. English, and words as warrantable
as any mans, and fitter perhaps for prose than measure." — Bolton.
" For sweetness and rhyming, second to none," — Drdmmond.
Gabriel Harvey, in his Foure Letters and Certaine Son-
nets, praises our author for bis efforts to enrich and polish
his native tongue.
*' One whose memory will ever he fresh in the minds of those who
fiiTour history or poetry. . . . But however his Cenius was quali-
fied for Poetry. 1 take his History of England to he the Crown of
all his WorVir—Laiigliaine's Dramatick I'oets. leul.
'■ His liither was a master of musick; and his harmonious mind
made an impression on his son's genius, who proved an exquisite
poet. He carried in his Christian and surname, two holy prophets,
his monitors so to qnalifi his r.plur.s, thai hp al.hnrnd all pro-
phaneness. He was als..a judi i.us hi^tcnian, witons:. his lives of
our English Kings since the conquest until Edward III., wherein
he hath the happiness to reconcile brevity with clearness, qualities
of great distance in other authors. ... In his old age he turned
husbandman, and rented a farm in Wiltshire, nigh the Devizes.
I can give no account how he thrive. 1 llnTeupon. For though he
was well versed in Virgil, his lillnw bn.-l«ndman-poet, vet there
is more required tomakearich farmer, than only to say his" Georgics
by heart; and I question whether his Italian 'will fit our English
husbandry. Besides, I suspect that Mr, Daniel's fancv was too tine
and sublimated to be wrought down to his private profit," — PttUer's
'■ Though very rarely sublime, he hxs ,skill in the pathetic ; and
his pages are disgraced with neither ped.antrv nor conceit. We find,
both in his poetry and pi-ose, such a legitimate and rational flow
of language as approaches nearer the style of the l^th than the
16th century, and of which we mav ,safelv'assert. that it never will
become obsolete. . . , In his Complaint of Cleopatra he has caught
Ovid's manner very happily," — Hk.^dlet.
'■The character of Daniel's genius .seems to be propriety, rather
than elevation. His language is generally pure and harmonious:
and his reflections are just. But his thoughts are too abstract,
and appeal rather to the understanding than to the imagination
or the hi-art; and he wanted the fire necessary to the loftier flights
of piictrv." — Str Egkrtov BUVhOES.
1 iqV^ ^^ revert to the sonnets of Daniel which were published in
169_, we shall there find, as Mr. Malone had previously remarked,
474
the prototype of Ph.akspeare's amatory verse. . . . There is reason
to suppose that none of Shakspeare's sonnets were written before
the appearance of Daniel's Itelia, . . . There is also in Daniel much
of that tissue of abstract thought, and that reiteration of words,
which so remarkably distinguish the sonnets of our bard.
" Sound morality, prudential wisdom, and occasional touches of
the pathetic, delivered in a style of then unequalled chastity and
perspicuity, will he recognise'd throughout his work, [The Civil
Wars l>etween the two Houses of Lancaster and York ;] but neither
warmth, passion, nor sublimity, nor the most distant trace of en-
thusiasm, can be found to animate the mass. . . . But these histo-
rians fKaleigh, Hayward, Knolles, and Lord Bacon] are excelled,
in purity of style and perspicuity of narration, by Daniel, whose
History of England, closing with the reign of Edward the Third,
is a production which reflects great credit on the age in which it is
written." — Droit's Sliakspeare and his Times.
Certainly Daniel succeeded better as a prose historian
than as a poetical annalist. Drayton speaks of him as
■■too much hi.storian in verse.
His rimes were smooth, his metres well did close;
But yet his manner better fitted prose."
*■ It is the chief praise of Daniel, and must have contributed to
what popularity he enjoyed in his own age, that his English is
eminently pure, free from affectation and archaism, and from pe-
dantic innovation, with very little that is now obsolete.'' — Uulr
lam's Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe.
Read a review of Daniel's poems in the Retrospective
Review, viii. 227, Lon., 1823.
Daniel, Samuel. Archiepiscopal Priority instituted
by Christ, 1642, 4to.
Daniel, Samuel, M,D. Dissertatiodelctero, ]776,Svo.
Daniel, T. British Customs of the Excise, Lon.,
1752, fol.
Daniel, Wm. Journal of his Expedition from Lon-
don to ,Surat in India, Lon., 1702, Svo.
Daniel, VVm. Treatise on Perspective, 1807, 12mo.
'■ Well calculated to answer the end for which it was designed."
—Urit. Critic.
Daniel, Rev. Wm. B. Rural .'iports or Treatises
on Hunting, Hawking, Shooting, Angling, Fowling, Ac,
Lon., lS01,'02,2vols.4to. Other edits.. ISOl, 5 vols. Svo;
1805, 3 vols. imp. 4to ; 1812, 3 vols. r. Svo, and large paper
in 4to; Supplement, 1813, r. Svo, 4to, and imp. 4to. En-
gravings, principally by Scott. The value of this splendid
publication is well known.
Daniell,E.R. 1. Practical Observations on the Kew
Orders for the reg. of the Prac. and Proceed, of the Ct. of
Chancery, Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Considerations on Reform
in Chancery, Lon., 1842, Svo. 3. Reports of Cases argued
and determined on the Equity side of the Ct. of Exchequer,
1817-20 inclusive, Lon., 1S24, 8vo. 4. Practice of the
High Ct. of Chaucery; 2d ed. by T. E. Headlam, Lon.,
1845, 2 vols. Svo; 1st Amer. edit, by J. C. Perkins, Boston,
1S45, 3 vols. Svo ; and 2d Amer. edit. Supplement to Da-
niell's Chancery Practice, by T. E. Headlam. Lon. ,1851, Svo.
*' 'The universal opinion of the Profession has .st.amped upon Mr.
Daniell's bookahigh character for usefulnessandgeneral accuracy.
It has become, in fiict, the manual of the Chancery Practitioner."
— i>m. Law Mag.
" We have no hesitation in declaring that this is the most able
work which has ever been written on the Practice of the Court of
Chancery," — Lnn. Jurist.
" Undoubtedly a very valuable book." — Hon. Roger B. Tanet,
Chief Justice of the United Slatts.
" I regard the work as alike desirable to the student, the Prac-
titioner, and the Judge, and should consider no Equity Library
complete without it."— Hon, Edward Kino. /ate Pres. Jiirlge I'liila.
Ct. of Commcm Pleas.
"Daniell's Chancery Practice is, perhaps, the most elaborate,
complete, and satisfactory treatise on the subject that has appeared."
—Hon, John B, Gibson, late Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
of Penna.
Daniell, John Frederick, D.C.L.. 1790-1845, b. in
London. He was a pupil of Prof. Brande. and in 1S16, in
connexion with him, he commenced the Quarterly Journal
of .Science and Art, the first twenty vols, of which were pub.
under their joint superintendence. In 1823 appeared the
1st ed. of his great work, entitled Meteorological Essjiys;
2d ed., 1S27; 3d ed., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. He w.as engaged
in revising the proofs of the 3d ed. at the time of his death.
"This w.as the first synthetic attempt to explain the general
principles of meteornlogy by the known laws which regulate the
temt>erature and costitution of gases and vapours, and in \\liich
the scattered iihscrvations and isolated phenomena presentctl by
the earth's atmosphere were considered in their most extensive
and general bearings." — Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Introduction to Chemical Philosophy, 1S39, Svo; 2d ed.,
1S43, Svo.
Mr. Daniell takes rank as one of the most distinguished
scientific men of the nineteenth century. Ho is the only
individual on whom all the three medals in the gift of the
Royal Society were bestowed. For a very carefully-pre-
pared biographical sketch of Mr. D., and a list of his
valuable contributions to various scientific journals, see
Knight's Eng. Cyc, Div. Biog., vol. ii.
DAN
DAR
Daiiiell, Saml. African Scenery and Animals, Lnn.,
1808, IVil. 1)<J. Ac. of Ceylon, 1808, fol. Do. Ac. of Southern
Africa; engraved by Wm. Daniell, 1820, r. 4to. Views
near the Cape of Good Hope, No. I, 1801.
Daniell, Thomas, 1750-1840, uncle of the follow-
ing, a distini^uLshod painter of Oriental scenery, animals,
&c. See Bnhn's Cat., Lon., 1841, and the following article.
Daniell, William Daniell, R. A., 17B9-1837,
painter and engraver. At the ago of fourteen he accom-
panied his uncle, Thomas Daniell, to India. They spent
ten years in sketching the magnificent scenery from Cape
Comorin to the Himalaya Mountains. Many of their
drawings were afterwards engraved and pub., the original
ed. of which — Oriental Scenery and Antiquities, elephant
folio size, 6 vols. (150 views) — was completed in 1808, and
pub. at Two Hundred and Ten Pounds, (£210.) The 6th
vol. wa.s executed by Thomas Daniell. The coppers were
destroyed. He also engraved and pul.i. Picturesque Voyage
to India; Zoograpby, in conjunction with Mr. W. Wood;
Animated Nature, 2 vols. ; The Docks, a Series of Illustra-
tions ; The Hunchback, after R. .Smirke, R.A. From 1814
to '25 he was chiefly engaged in a work of extraordinary
labour, entitled a Voyage Round Great Britain. He was
the chief contributor to the Oriental Annual. See H. G.
Bohn's Guinea Cat,, Lon., 1841.
Danis, II. II. Exercises on the Anabasis of Xcno-
phon, Lmu., 12!ti'i.
Dannett, Kev. H. Sl.avc-Trade, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Danniston, Gual. Psalmi Davidici, 8vo.
Dannye, Robert, D.D. Serm., York, 1718, 4to.
Dansey, Rev. J, C. Hist, of the English Crusaders,
Lon., 1850, imp. 4to. Of this beautiful work only 40 copies
were printed for sale, at £3 13«. &d. It is executed entirely
on stone, in the black letter, with 31 plates, &c.
Dansey, Rev. Wm. Arrian on Coursing: The Cyne-
geticus of the Younger Xenophon, Ac, and an Appendix
rel. to the Canes Venatici of Classical Antiquity, 1S31,
imp. 8vo.
'• A most complel* and almost inexhaiiBtihle fund of amusing,
interesting- pnictic.il. and instructive information on the subject."
— Thicker or O'Ursivg.
Horas Decanicae Rurales, or a Hist, of Rural Deans,
1835, 2 vols. sra. 4to ; 1844.
"Abounding in solid ecclesiastical and autiiiuarian views." —
Archdeacon Ooddard.
Dansie,John. Mathemat. Manual, Lon., 1(527, 12mo.
Danson, F. i»I., and Lloyd, J. H. Reports of Cases
rel. to Commerce, Manufac, Ac. in Cts. C. L..Lon.,1830,8vo.
Danson, J. F., and G. D. Dempsey. The Inven-
tor's Manual; a Treatise of the Law of Patents, Lon.,
1843, 8vo. V
"This is a uscfid manual." — Lfgal Observer.
See Curtis, (Jeorge Ticknor.
Danson, Thos. Works agst. Quakers, Ac, Lon.,
165<)-!I4.
Danverd, John. The Royal O.ake, ; the Travels,
Escapes, Ac. of Ch.arles II., Lon., ItiljO, 4to.
D'Anver.s, Alicia. Acarlemia; or the Humours of
the University of Oxford, in burlesque verse, Lon., lfi9I,4to.
Danvers, Arthur. Serm. on Popery, 1736, 4to.
D'Anvcrs, Caleb, of 6r.ay's Inn. The Craftsman;
being a Criticism on the Hist.'of the Times, Lon., 1727,
14 voks. 12mo. See Bolingeroke, Lord. Remarks on
the History of England, Lon., 1743, 8vo.
D'Aiivers, Henry. Works on Baptism, Ac, Lon.,
1674, '75, Svo.
Danvers, Henry. Liberty of Conscience, 1649.
Danvers, Joseph. Tipping tipt .Justice, Lon., Svo.
D'.\nvers, Knightly. A Genl. Abridgt. of the Com-
mon Law, alphabetically digested under proper titles, Lon.,
1705-13, 2 vols. fol. ; 2d edit., 1725, '32, '37, 3 vols. fol.
This is, so far as it goes, a trans, of Rolle's Abridgt. It
is only completed to the title Extinguishment. See Pref.
to vol. xviii,, Viner's Abridgt.
Danyel, John. Songs for the Lute, Viol, and Vovce,
1601'.. ■' '
Darbey. Vapour Bath. Med. Com., ix. 305, 1785.
Darby, John. Manual of Botany, Macon, 1841, 12rao.
Botany of the Southern States; in two parts, New Y'ork,
1855, 12mo. '
Darby, Samuel. Serms., 1784, '86.
Darby, Wm., d. 1827. Descrip. of Louisiana, 1816,
Svo. Emigrant's Guide, 1818, Svo. Tour from New Y'ork
to Detroit, 1819. Memoir on the Geog. and Hist, of Flo-
rida. 1821. New edit, of Brookcs's Universal Gazetteer,
1823. Maps and Plans.
D'.4rblay, Madame Frances, 1752-1840, was the
second daughter of Charles Bur.vev, {q. v.) Musical Doc-
tor, and was a native of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, Engl.and.
Much of what might otherwise have boon said here relative
to the brilliant and intellectual circle in which Fanny Bur-
ney moved from her childhood has been auticijiated in our
article upon Dr. Barney. We may add that the circum-
stances attendant upon the composition and anonymous
publication of Evelina are too well known to claim repeti-
tion. The oft-told story was never so well told as by the
authoress herself, in her avowal to George III. Some doubt
has been expressed relative to the early date at which it is
asserted Evelina was composed. It certainly was not given
to the world until 1778, when Fanny was about twenty-six.
Had the work, or the greater portion of it, been lying in
MS. for nine years? Evelina was sold for £20; but this
was a small part only of the young lady's reward.
'■ Evelina seems a work that should result from long experience,
and deep and intimate knowledge of the world: yet it has been
written without either. Miss Burney is a real wonder. What Nhe
is, .she is intuitively. Dr. Burney told me she had the fewest ad-
vantages of any of his daughters, from some peculiar circumstances.
And such has been her timidity, that he himstlf had not any sus-
picion of her powers. . . . Modesty with her is neither pretence
nor decorum; it is an ingredient of her nature; for she who could
part with such a work for twenty pounds, could know so little of
its worth or of her own, as to leave no possible doubt of her hu-
mility."— I>n. Johnson.
The testimony of a still more distinguished person shall
be adduced in favour of the merits of Cecilia, pub. four
years later:
'• There are few— I believe I may say fairly there are none at all
— thatwillnot lind themselves better informed concerninc human
nature, and thr ir stock of observation enriched, by reading your
Cecilia. . . . 1 miLdit trespass upon your delicacy if I should tilj my
letter to you with what 1 till my conversation to others; I should
be troul-ilesonie to you alone if I should tell you all I feel and think
on the natural vein of humour, the tender pathetic, the compre-
hensive and noble moral, and the sagacious observation, that ap-
pear quite throughout this extraordinary performance. ... In an
age distinguished by producing extraordinary women. I hardly
dare to tell where mv opinion would place ^ ou amongst them." —
EOMUNB Bueke: Leiler to Miss Burney. Wli'iteliall, July 29, 17S2.
In 1786 occurred the most unfortunate event of Miss
Burncy's Life — her appointment to the post of Second
Keeper of the Robes to Queen Charlotte. From this in-
tolerable slavery — for slavery it was, notwithstanding the
kind treatment of her royal patrons — she was relieved in
1791, and in 1793 she married a French refugee officer, the
Count D'Arblay. In 1802 she accompanied her husband to
Paris, and was obliged to remain in France — the Count hav-
ing entered the army of Napoleon — until 1812. He died
in that year, and their son. tho Rev. A. D'Arblay of Cam-
den Town chapel, near Lond(jn, followed his father to the
grave in 1832. Mad.ame D'Arblay attained the great ago
of eighty-eight, dying at Bath in 1840. Her other produc-
tions, which by no means fultilled "the promise of her
spring," were Edwin and Elgitha, a Tragedy, 1795; Ca-
milla, which was pub. by subscription in 1796, and paid
her three thousand guineas; and The Wanderer, a Tale in
5 vols., 1814, for which she receivetl £1500. She also pub.
Brief Reflecticms rekative to the French Emigrant Clergy,
1793, 8vo; and a Memoir of her father. Dr. Burney, in
1832, 3 vols. Svo.
The Dhary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay were given
to the world in 7 vols. p. Svo, 1842-46. The unreserved
and comprehensive char.acter of the lady's journal may be
inferred from her prologue :
"To have some account of my thoughts, actions, and acquaint-
ance, when the hour arrives when time is more nimlile than me-
mory, is the reason which induces me to keep a journal ; — n jnurnal
in wfiicfi I Shalt coufess every thought—shall t'pen my wlwle tieart:'
Notwithstanding their egotism and prolixity, cert.ainly
these volumes are among the most delightful in the lan-
guage! To the mere novel-reader they are charming; to
the student of literary history and English manners, in-
valuable. We must refer the reader to a review of this
work by T. B. Macaulay, (Edin. Rev., Jan. 1843.) and to
notices of Madame D'Arblay's writings in the London
Quarterly Review, xi. 123, Ixx. 134, and in Blackwood's
Magazine, 1. 784 :
" Miss Burnev did for the English novel what Jeremv Collier did
for the Knirli^h ilram.a. She first showed that a taie misht be
written in " Iji. Ii l.nth the feshionable and the vulsar life of London
mijihtbeexhiliited with great force, and with broad comic humour,
and which yet should not contain a Rin(.de line inconsistent with
rigid morality, or even with virgin delicacy. She took aw.ay the
reproach which Lay on a most useful and delightful species of com-
position. She vindicated the right of her sex to an equal share in
a fair and noble promise of letters. . . . Burke had sat up all night
to read her writings, and Johnson had pronounced her superior to
Fielding, when Rogers was still a schoolboy and 8outbev still in
petticoats. . . . We soon discovered to our'great delight that this
Diary was kept before Madame D'Arblav became eloquent. It is,
for the most part, written in herearliest and best manner; in true
woman's Knglish. clear, natural, and lively."— T. B. Macadlai
Edin. Review, Jan. 1S43.
DAR
DAR
"The Piary is a work unequalled in literary and social value
Ly any tbinj^ else of a similar kind in the language." — Loii. ^aval
and Jiltlitury Uozdlc.
"This wt^ik presents an unrivalled combination of attractions.
That e.xtraordinary man, .Tohuson, is painted far better than he is
by Boswell." — Court Joia-nul.
The reviewer in the London Quarterly quite forgets his
gallantry in his disgust at Miss Fanny's egotism:
'■ ThL- interest is indeed much less than we anticipated, hut in
all the rest — the difrusivene«;s — th'> pomposity — the prolixity — the
false colourin;; — the factitious ilif;ii Is— and. above .all. the personal
ad'eclation and vanity f>f the auilinr, this book exceeds our worst
apprehensions. . . . We havt- indeed brought before us not merely
the minor notabilities of the day, but a jjreat many persons whose
station and talents assure them an historic celebrity. . . . but
■when we come a little closer, and see and hear what all these emi-
nent and illustiious personages are saying and doing, we are not a
little surprised and vexed to find them a wearisome congregation
of monotnnous and featureless pi-osers. brought together for one
single object, in which they, one and all, seem occupied, as if it
were the main business of human life — namely, the glorification
of Miss Fonny Bttrnf-y — her talents — her taste — her sagacity — her
wit — her manners — her temper — her delicacy — even, her beauty —
and. above all, her modfsty 7" — Vol. Ixx. ■.i44.
Allan Cunningham's summary of the merits and de-
merits of the author of Evelina is drawn up with his usual
taste and judgment. AVe must content ourselves with a
brief extract:
" Her works are deficient in original vigour of conception, and
her characters in depth and nature. She has considered so anx-
iously the figured silks and tamboured muslins which Hutt^^r about
society, th.xt she has made the throbbings of the hearts which they
cover a secondary consideration. . . . Fashion passes away, and
the manners of the great are unstable, but natural emotion be-
longs to immortality." — Biog. and Crit. Ilist. of the Lit. of the last
Fifty Yf-ars.
Darch, John, Sermon, 17fifi, 4to.
Darcie, or Darcy, Abraham. Original of Idola-
tries ; a trans., 162-1, 4to. I>:ircy " fathered this book upon
Isaac Casauhon, and was imprisoned in consequence." See
Fuller's Church History. Annales: The True and Royall
Hist, of Elizabeth, Queene of England, France, and Ireland,
1625, 4to.
" A tiunslation of Camden, from the French, by Abraham Darcy,
■who, according to Dr. Fuller, understood not tlie Latin, and haa
therefore committed mauy mistakes." — Bp. Xicolson.
Other works.
D'Arcy,Patrick, Count, 1725-1779, a native of Gal-
loway, Ireland, served in tlie French army. 1. Essai sur
I'Artillerie, 1760-62. 2. Memoire sur la Duree des Sensa-
tions dc la Vue, 1765. 3. Sur la Tht'oriede la Lune, 1749.
4, SurlaTheorieet Pratiquedel'ArtiUerie, 1766. 5. Nou-
velle Th^orie d'Artillerie, 1766. 6. Recueil de Pieces sur
un Nouveau Fusil, 1767. He made experiments in elec-
tricity and mechanics.
'•Condorcet fit sou eloge k I'acadSmie des sciences. Plusieurs
de ses Merits sont inseres dans les Memoires do I'academie des in-
Bcriptions." — Bin/jraphir ITnn'nsiUe.
I)ai*c, Wm. Serm. befnre the Freemasons, 1747, Svo.
Darell, I^t. Col. Sketches of China, India, and the
Cape, 1853, fol.
Darell, or Darrell, John. Treatises on possession
by devils, 1600, "02. *41. A Detection of that Discours of
5. Harsnet, entitled a Discoverie of the fraudulent prac-
tices of John Darrell, 1609. 4to.
" In this treatise ' full of sound and fury,' Darrell has contrived
to render it somewhat doubtful whether he was a dupe or an im-
postor."— Oiffohd; aud see Itliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Darell, John, was employed from 1615 to 1665 in the
affairs of the East Indies. East India Trade first disco-
vered by the English, Lon., 1651, 4to. Strange News from
Indies, 1652. 4to. Tlie Second partof Amboyna, 1665, 4to.
Darell, Re v.Wm. Hist, of Dover Castle,Lon.,17S6,4to.
Darker, John. A Breviary of Military Discipline,
Lon., 1692, 8vo.
Darley, George, combines two characters which are
not thought to be peculiarly compatible — mathematician
and poet. Poems. Sylvia, or the May Queen, Lou., 1827,
12mo. F.amiliar Astronomy, 1S30, 12mo. Popular Alge-
bra, 3d edit., 1836, 12mo. Geometrical Companion, 2d edit.,
1841, 12mo. Ethelstan, a Dramatic Chronicle. 1841, Svo.
Geometry, 5th edit., 1844, 12mo. Errors of Extasie and
other Poems, Svo. Trigonometry, 3d edit., 1S49, 12mo.
*'No prose or poetry can he further fiom the sonorous school of
Addison, and nowhere can we tind rhythmical cadences of greater
beauty than in some occasional passages of Darley. '* — A critic in
Arcturits: see Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Kngland.
*' George Darley is a true poet and exci^Ufnt mathematician:
there is much compactaud graceful poetry in hi-; May IJueen ; and
in The Olympian Revels a dramatic freedoi]i and firvour too sel-
dom seen in song." — Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. for
the lust Fifty Vmrs, 1S33.
Darley, J. R. Treatise on the Dramatic Literature
of the Greeks, Lon., IS40, Svo. Homer, with Questions,
1848, 12mo.
476
Darley, John. Chelsea College, Lon., 1662, 4to.
Darley, W, F. Public G. Statutes rel. to Ireland,
Dubl., 1S41. 5 vols. Svo. General Orders Ct. Court of
Chancery in Ireland, &c., 1843, 12mo.
Darling, J. J. Powers and Duties of Law Officers,
Lon., Svo. Practice of the Court of Session, Scotland, 2
vols. Svo.
Darling, James. Cyclopicdia Bibliographica: A
Library Manual of Theolog. and General Literature, and
Guide for Authors, Preachers, Students, and Literary Men.
Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biogriiphical. Vol. i.,
composed of 21 Nos., 1852-54. Vol. ii.. Parts 1 to 5,
1857. We heartily recommend this truly-valual»Ie work —
to which our pages have been frequently indebted — to
every one who poss^esses knowledge, and every one who
seeks it. Vol. i. contains Authors aud their works, alpha-
betically arranged. In many eases tbe volumes are care-
fully dissected, so that the reader can see at a glance the
topics discussed, and turn at once to the portion which
contains the matter sought for. In the second volume the
" whole of the matter contained in the first is arranged
under heads or common places in scientific order, with an
Alphabetical Index, by which any subject can bo readily
referred to ; and all authors of any authority who have
written on it are at once exhibited, with the titles of their
Works, Treatises, Dissertations, or Sermons, and a refer-
ence to the volumes and pages where they are to be found."
" Mr. Darling ha.=i been an eminent theological bookseller in Lon-
don for at least forty years, llehiis brought all his bibliographical
knowledge to bear upon this most valuable and accurate work.
All the leading English journals, both ecclesiastical and secular,
episcopal and non-episcopal, unite in commending its plan and exe-
cution.''—T. II. IIoRN-E, D.D., Assist. Lib. Brit. Mus., in a Utter to
the authiyr of this Dictionary, Aug. 31. 1858.
Darling, John. Carpenter's Rule, Lon., 1658, Svo.
Darling, P. I>I. Romance of the Highlands, 1810.
Darling:ton, William, M.D.,LL.D., b. 17S2, in Bir-
mingham township, Chester co., Penn., was brought up to
Agriculture till 18 years of age. In ISOO he commenced
the study of Medicine under Dr. John Vaughau of Wil-
mington, Del., and in 1804 he graduated M. D. in the Uni-
versity of Penn. In 1806, '07 he m.ade a voyage to India
as ship's surgeon. During the last 40 years he has filled
several important positions of trust under the General Go-
vernment, as well as that of his native State. The degree
of LL.D. was conferred by Yale College. Dr. Darlington
has spent a long life in the pursuit of Botany, his favourite
science, in which he has obtained an enviable reputation.
The following are his principal works: 1. Mutual Influence
of Habits and Disease, Svo, 1S04-06. 2. Flora Cestrica,
1st ed., 1826; 2d, 1837; 3d, 1853. This work has been
favourably noticed by the greatest botanists of Europe.
3. Edited Reliquiie CaldwiniiB, 1843, Svo. 4. Agricultural
Botanv, 1847. 5. Edited Memorials of John Bartram and
Humphrey Marshall, Phil., 1849, r. 8vo. These works have
all been favourably reviewed in Silliman's Journal, q v.
Darnell, VV. N. Sermons, Lon., 1816, Svo.
Darraeott, R. W. Sermons, 1756, 12mo.
Dart* Complaintof the Black Knight; from Chaucer,
1718, Svo.
Dart, J. H. Suggestions for a General Registry, Lon.,
1844, Svo. Compendium of the Law and Practice of Ven-
dors and Purchasers of Real Estate. 2d edit, Lon., 1852,
Svo. Amer. edit., with copious Notes and References.
Also a Preparatory View of the Existing Law of Real Pro-
perty in England and the United States, by Thos. W. Wa-
terman, New York, 1851, Svo.
''T have examined with attention Dart's Vendorsand Purchasers
of Real Estate, edited by Mr. Waterman. It is a most excellent
practical work." — Hon. Lewis II. Sandpobd, Judge of the Superior
Omrt. New York.
Dart, John. Hist, and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church
of Canterbury, Lon., 1726, fol. Hist, and Antiq. of the
Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westm., 1723. 2 vols. fol.
Darton,Nioh. Christ the True Bishop, Lon.. 1641, 4lo.
D'Arusniout, Madame Frances, bettor knoAvu as
Miss Fanny Wright, d. at Cincinnati, 1852. aged 57,
made herself famous in America about 1830 by the pro-
mulgation of some foolish doctrines, which we understand
she subsequently repudiated. 1. Altorf ; a Tragedy, Phila.,
1S19, Svo. 2. Views of Society and Manners in America,
&c in 1818-20, N. York. 1821, Svo; Lon., 1821, Svo. 3.
A Few Davs in Athens, Lon., 1822, Svo.
Darwall, Mrs. E. Poems, 1794; ditto, 1811.
Darwall, John. Political Lamentations, 1777,410.
Darwin, Charles, 1758-I77S, a son of Erasmus Dar-
win, M.D. Experiments establishing a Criterion between
Mucilaginous and Purulent M.atter, Ac, Lichfield, 17S0,
Svo. Pub. by his father.
DAR
DAV
Darwin, Charles. Narrative of the 10 years' Voyaj^e
of II. M. Sbips Adventure ami Beagle. Lon.. 1839, 3 vols.
Svo. Vol. i. by Capt. King; ii. by Capt. Fitzroy; iii. by
Chas. Darwin, giving an account of his discoveries in Nat.
Hist, (Journal of Researches j Nat. Hist, and Geology,
1839, Svo.)
*' Mr. Darwin's Journal contains many valuable contributions to
science. I cannot help considerini; his voya-je rounil the world as
one of the most important events for Genlo^rv which has occurred
for many vi iis." — Sfr. Whev-elVs Addrrss to the Gmlfig. Sue.
Z>n,\n'^y (.(' the Voy. of H. M. S. Beagle. 1 832-36. Edited
and snpt.iinteiided by Charles Darwin, 1843, 4to. For di-
visions see Ilich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, or the London Pub-
lisher's Cat. Geological Observations, 1S42, '44, M*i, 8 vols.
Svo. Voyage of a Naturalist round the World, 2d edit.,
1845, p. Svo.
"The author is a first-rate landscape painter, and the dreariest
Bolitudea are made to teem witli interest." — Lon. Quar. Unh
Monograph of the Family Cirripudia, 2 vols. Svo, pub.
by the Royal Society, and distributed to the subscribers in
the years 1851 and '53.
" It has been cltaracterised by a competent writer as one of the
most remarkable works on zoology produced during tlie present
century." See Knight's Eng. Cyc, and Agassiz's Bibliographia
Geologise et Zoologiie.
DarAvin, Erasmus, M.D., 1731-1802, was a native
of Elton, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. He studied both
at St. John's College, Cambridge, and at Edinburgh, and
having chosen the profession of medicine, practised first
at Northampton, and subsequently at Lichfield, where he
acquired a profitable practice. Being left a widower, he
was married in 17S1 to Mrs. Colonel Pole, by whose in-
fluence he was induced to retire to Derl>y, where be died
suddenly in 1S(!2. Dr. Darwin enjoyed considerable repu-
tation as a botanist, philosopher, and poet. Botanic Gar-
den : a Poem in two parts. Part 1 containing the Economy
of Vegetation. Part 2, The Loves of the Plants, with
Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Part 2 had
been previously pub. anonymously at Lichfield, 1789, 4to.
" Pompous rhyme — the scenery is its sole recommendation." —
Lord Byron.
But there must have been some merit in poetry which,
without the advantage of literary reputation, secured the
author so large a host of enthusiastic admirers. Darwin's
powers of description and of dramatic etfect were umloubt-
edly great. The absence of judgment and taste is equally
clear; hence the decline of his early fame. Zoonomia, or the
Laws of Organic Life, Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed.,
1301, 4 vols. Svo. This work will remind the reader of the
speculations contained in a volume which has lately excited
much attention — Vestiges of the Natural History of Crea-
tion. Darwin's fallacies — especially his theory which re-
fers instinct to sensation — have been amply exposed by
Dr. Thomas Brown, Dugald Stewart. Paley, Good, and
others. See Dr. Brown's Observations on the Zoonomia,
Edin.. 1798. Svo. Plan for the Conduct of Female Educa-
tion in Boarding Schools, Derby, 1797, 4to. Phylologia,
or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, Lon.,
1800, '01, 4to.
'' The section on manures, or the food of plants, is the sole part
that interests the agriculturist, and it is much too refined for the
grossness of the farmer's application of the articles. No new fact
was elicited and established, but much light was cast on the pro-
cesses that had been adopted.'' — Donahlson's AgricuU. Biog.
The Temple of Nature, or the Origin of Society ; a Poem,
with Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1803, 4to. Posthumous.
Profess, con. to Med. Trans., 1785. Phil. Trans., 1757,
*60. '74, '78, '85. Poetical Works, with Philosophical Notes,
1807, 3 vols. 8vo. See Memoirs of his Life, by Anna
Seward. Lon., 1804, Svo; reviewed in Edin. Rev., iv. 230.
The reader must peruse this article, and see if he can trace
any resemblance between Dr. Darwin's school and the poem
of Universal Beauty, pub. Lon., 1735, fol. See a review of
The Temple of Nature, Ac. in the same periodical, ii. 491.
"Only a few years have elapsed since the genius of the author
of The Botanic Garden first burst on the public notice in all its
splendour. The novelty of his plan — an imposing air of boldness
and originality in his poetical as well as philosophical speculations
— and a striking display of command over some of the richest
sources of poetical embellishment, were sufficient to secure to him
ft large share of approbation, even from the most fastidious readers,
and much more than suflicient to attract the gaze and the indis-
crirainating acclamations of a herd of admirers and imitators.
Yet, with all these pretensions to permanent fame, we are much
deceived if we have not already observed in that of Dr. Darwin
the visilile symptoms of decay." — 180.3, (by T. Thomson.)
Dai-\vin, Robert Waring, M.D., brother to the pre-
ceding. Prineipia Botanica, or a Concise and Easy In-
troduction to the Sexual System of Linnseus, 3d ed., cor-
rected and enlarged. Lon., 1810, Svo. Profes?. con. to
Mem. Med., 1792; Phil. Trans., 1786; on the Ocular Spec-
tra of Light and Colours.
Oary, Michael. Mathcmat. treatises, 1^04, '09, '77.
Dashwood, James. The Case ofthc Rector of D.,1S12.
Paiibeny, Charles, D.D.. 1744-1827. was educated
at New College, Oxford ; Prebendary of Sati.^bury, 1784;
Archdeacon of Sarum, 1S04. A Guide to the Church; 3d
ed., Lon., 1830, r. Svo. Appendix to do.; 3d ed.. 1830, r.
Svo. Vindiciiie Ecclesiw Anj^jlicanaj, 1S03, Svo. Remarks
on the Unitarian Method of Interpreting the Scriptures,
1S15, Svo. Discourses, 1802-10. 3 vols. Svo. Charges,
Serms., Ac, 1809, *19, Ac. Dr. Daubeny is said to have
been one of the contributors to the Anti-Jacobin Review.
Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, M.D., F.ll.S.,
Prof, of Bot:niy anil Chemistry in the University of Ox-
ford. 1. Essay on the Geology and Chemical Phenomena
of Volcanoes. Oxford, 1S24, Svo. 2. Description of the
Active and Extinct Volcanoes, with Remarks on their
Origin. Lon., 1826, Svo ; 2d ed., IS-IS, Svo.
" One of the most nseful contributions to geological science that
has yet appeared." — Edinhttrgh Revifw.
3. Introduc. to the AtomicTheory, 1S31, Svo ; with Siipp.,
1840, Svo ; new ed.. 1850. Svo. 4. Lects. on Agricult., 1841,
Svo. 5. Popular Grcog. of Plants. Sfiuare, lSo5. 6. Lccts. on
Roman Husbandry, Oxf., 1857, Svo. For a biog. sketch
of Dr. Daubeny and a list of his valuable contributions to
the various scientific journals, see Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Daiibi§:ny. Dissert, in Orat. Dominic, Lon., 1704, Svo.
Dauborne, Robert. See Daborne.
Daubuz, Charles, 1670 ?-l 740? a French Protestant
divine, came to Enghind on the revocation of the Edict of
Nantz, and became Vicar of Brotherton. Pro Testimonio
Flavii Josephi, do Jesu Christo, Lon., 1706, Svo. The Re-
velations literally trans, from the Greek, Lon., 1712, '20,
fol. Pub. in 1730, 4to, by Peter Lancaster, under the title
of A Perpetual Key on the Revelation of St. John. This
is the best edition. A portion of the work — A Dictionary
of Prophetic Symbols — was reprinted in 1842, Lon., Svo,
with a Memoir and Preface by Habershon.
"For understandini? the prophecies, we are, in the first place, to
acquaint ourselves with the figurative language of the prophets."
— Sir Isaac Newton.
"There is no commentator who can be compared with Daubuz
for the accuracy, the care, and the consistency v^'itli which he has
explained the piophetic symbols." — Illustrations of Prophec;/.
"An elaborate and very useful work, of which later author?
have not failed to avail themselves." — Hornets Bihl Bih.
Dauby and Leng. Arithmetician, 1814, 12mo.
Daucet, N. B. Fundamental Principles of the Laws
of Canada, Montreal. 1841, Svo.
Daulby, Daniel. A Descriptive Catalogue of the
Works of Rembrandt and of his Scholars. Bol, Livens, and
Van Vliet, Liverp., 1796, Svo. A work of authority. The
preface was written by Mr. Roseoe.
Daunce, Edward. A Briefe Discourse of the Spanish
State, with a Dialogue annexed, intituled Philobasilis, Lon,,
1590, 4to.
Daiincey, John. Chronicle of Portugal, Lon.,
1661. Svo.
D'Auverg^ne, Edward. See Auvergne, D'.
Dauney, Wm. Ancient Scottish Melodies from a MS.
of the reign of K. James VI., Lon., 1838, r. 4to.
" We can now refer to an authentic National Collection of a com-
parative early date, in which a number of our Scottish Melodies
are to be found, and among these some of those which have been
most deservedly admired, and are here presented, as we conceive,
in even a more enga^^ng form than that under which they are
popularly known." — Blackiuood's Magazine.
Davall, Peter, d. 1768. Trans, of the Memoirs of
Cardinal de Retz, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. 12mo. Vindication
of the New Calendar Tables and Rules, 1761, 4to. Con,
to Phil. Trans.. 1728. '49, *62.
Davan,Kin^Nmill. Essay on the Passions. Lon., 1799.
Davelcourt, D., a native of Scotland. L'Artillier,
Paris, 1606, Svo.
Daveiiant, Charles, LL.D., 1656-1714. eldest son
of Sir William Davenant, was a Member of Parliament,
Inspector of Plays, a dramatic author, and a famous writer
upon political economy, politics, and trade. His Tragedy
of Circe, in which he himself performed, was written at the
age of 19: pub. 1677, 4to; also in 1685 and 170:i. A col-
lection of his works upon the subjects named above was
made and revised by Sir Charles Whitworth, Lon., 1771,
5 vols. Svo. They excited much animosity at the time,
but soon gained the ear of the public. See Censura Lite-
raria. When Lord Oxford suspected Swift of having writ^
ten any anonymous piece, he used to remark to him:
'• This is very much in the style of Dr. Pavenanf ."
Respecting the merits of Davenant's writings, a wide
difference of opinion has been expressed:
"Davenant is certainly a most valuable political author, and
undoubtedly a writer whose progress was more advanced than
477
could have been expected at the time he wrote. He had access to
olKcial information from which he derived many advantages. lie
possessed a very considerable command of language." — Sir John
Sinclair.
''Admirable works; replete with curious and instructive reflec-
tions."— Duke of Grafton.
'• There seem to be but slender grounds for the eulopies bestowed
on his writings, or for thinking that they at all accelerated the
progress of sound commercial knowledge. They contiiiu little that
is valuable that may not be found in the work of !>ir Joshua Child.
Some detached paragraphs are exceedingly good ; but the treatises
of which they form parts are remarkably inconclusivi". and are for
the most part pervaded by the narrowest and most illibrral views.
There is no evidence to show thjit Davenant had cvlt rellected on
the influence of commerce in facilitating the production of wealth,
by its enabling the division of labour to be carried to the farthest
extent: that is, by its enabling the people of different countries to
apply themselves, in preference, to those employments for the pro-
secution of which they have some natural or acquired advantage."
—McCuUoch's Lit. of rnlit. Scnnonuj, lS4o. 3.=)2.
Davcnaut, John, D.D., 1576-1641, a native of Lon-
don, was educated at, and Fellow of, Queen's College, Cam-
bridge; Lady Margaret Profess, of bivinity, 1609; Master
of bis College, 1614; sent by James L to the Synod of
Dort, 1618; Bisbop of Salisbury, 1621. He incurred the
displeasure of the king by maintaining the doctrine of
predestination in a sermon preached before big majesty.
Expositio Epistolaj D. Pauli ad Colossenes, Cantab., 1027,
fol.; 3d ed., Cantab., 1639; Amst., 1646, 4to; Groning.,
1655, 4to. This is the substance of Lectures read by the
author.
"The bishop pays considerable attention to find out the literal
sense, as well as to illustrate the doctrinal and practical meaning,
of the epistle. Walch commends it; and the learned author of the
Svnopsis speaksofDavenant as an interpreter far above his praise."
-^Orme's Bihl. Bib.
"Davenant's Exposition is valuable, notas a book for continuous
perusal, but as a work of reference, in which the reader will find
DAY
cialiy Shakespeare, who frequented his house in his journies be-
tween Warwickshire and London.) was of a melancholic disposi-
tion, and was seldom or never seen to laugh, in whirh he was imi-
tated by none of his children but by Robert, his eldest son. after-
wards Fellow of St. John's Coll. and a venerable doct. of div. As
for William, whom we are farther to mention, and may justly stile
• the sweet swan of Isis,' he was educated in grammar learning un-
der Kdw. Sylvester, whom I shall el.^ewhere mention, and in acade-
mical in Line. Coll. under thecare of Mr. Ban. Hough, in 1620, or 21,
or thereabouts, and obtained there some smattering in logic; but
his geny which was always opposite to it, lead him in the pleasant
paths of poetry, so that tho' he wanted much of university learn-
ing, yet he made as high and noble flights in the poetical faculty,
asfancy could advance, without it." — Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed.,
jli. 802.
On quitting college he obtained the place of page to the
celebrated Duchess of Richmond, and subsequently resided
in the household of Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, by
whose death in 1628 he was once more thrown upon his
own resources. In the same year appenred his Tragedy
of Albovine, King of the Lombards, pub. 1629, 4to. To
this .succeeded The Just Italian, a Play; and The Cruel
Brother, a Tragedy, both pub. 1629, 4to. The success of
these pieces, and other compositions, (see a list of his pro-
ductions in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual.) gave the author a
position among the wits of the day, and in 1637 be suc-
ceeded Ben Jonson as poet laureate. In 1641 be became
involved in the political difficulties which entangled most
of the principal men of the time. Of course he was a royal-
ist, and for his efforts on behalf of the unfortunate mon-
arch he was for some time imprisoned, and was glad to
retire to France. After a short residence al:>road, he re-
turned to England, and served with the royalist forces as
lieutenant-general of the ordnance at tho siege of Glouces-
ter. At this period be was knighted by King Charles.
Again repairing to Franco, he was honoured with the con-
most of the disputed points of the Papistical, Oalvinistic, and some fidence of Queen Henrietta Maria, and intrusted by her
minor controversies treated with great acuteness, learning, and
judgment." — Lon. Eclrctic Ji'i:vieio.
" A very excellent work, full of valuable elucidation." — Bicker-
SteOi's Chridian Stu<h-nL
Trans, into English, with a Life of the Autbor and Notes,
by the Rev. Josiah Allport, Lon.. 1831, '32, 2 vols. 8vo.
*■ Mr. Allport has conferred no small favour on biblical students
by rendering Bishop Davenant's valuable exposition accessible to
English readers." — Hornets Bihl. Bib.
"The translation not only possesses the more ordinary and abso-
lutely indispensable prerequisites of general accuracy and fidelity,
but the more rare recommendations of commendable care, propriety,
and even elegance. ... A very valuable feature of the present
work is, that the edition has appended (in the form of notes) bio-
graphical sketches of the Fathers and Schoolmen, whose names so
profusely adorn the pages of Davenaut. . . . Ilis notes contain a
great deal of curious and valuable information. The Sketch of
the Life of Cavenant deserves the highest praise: it is the onltj
attempt that has ever been made to give any thing like a detailed
account of the history and writings of that great and good man."
— Lo7i. Eclectic h'evifiv.
Praelectiones. &c. de Justitia habitual! et actuali altero.
Cantab., 1631, fol. Determinationes XLIX. Qua:!stionum,
Ac, 1634, fol.
" Many debateable doctrines [in the two vols.] wisely stated." —
Bicl.rrstith^s Clii-intian Sludf-nt.
Trans, of the above two vols, into English by the Kev.
Josiah Allport, Lon., 1844-46, 2 vols. 8vo.
" Well calculated to meet the errors which are most prevalent at
the present time. . . . The man who will make himself master of
Davenant's arguments will find in them a sufficient safeguard
against Romanizing tendencies at any time." — Church of Kvgland
Quar. Bev.
An Exhortation to Brotherly Communion between the
Protestant Churches, 1641, 12mo. The same in Latin,
Camb., 1640. Svo.
" A delightful little work on this subject. Milton, Baxter, Bur-
roughes. Bishop Ptillingtleet, and others wrote with the same
views." — Bicki'rstelh's Christian Sfmloit.
Animadversions upon a Treatise written by Mr. S. (or J.)
Hoard, entitled God's Love to Mankind, kc, Camb., 1641,
Svo. Epistola de Sacramentis, Lon., 1649. Svo. Disser-
tationes dua) de Morte Christi et Priedcstiuatione, Cantab.,
1650, fol.
*• In his elaborate and very judicioxis treatise on the Death of
Christ, Davenant plainly shows, that while profoundly impressed
with the truth of the main doctrines of the Calvanisfic school, he
was by no means the supralapsarian which many of the opposite
party have been fond of representing him. lie was decidedly a
Bublapsarian." — Lmr. Eclectic Jievuw.
See an interesting account of this excellent man in Ful-
ler's Worthies.
Davenant, Sir William, 1605-1668. a native of Ox-
ford, was the son of a vintner — at least we are willing to
accept this version of his paternity. Wood gives an in-
teresting account of the household:
"His mother was a very beautiful woman, of a pood wit and
conversation, in which she was imitated by none of her children.
but by this William. The father, who was a very good and discreet
citizen, (vet an admirer and lover of plays and play-makers, espe-
478
with a communication to Charles. Davenant saw no pro-
mise of brighter times at home, and therefore determined
to try bis fortune in the New World. The vessel in which
he sailed with his company of mechanics and weavers was
seized by an English man-of-war, and our poetical knight
found himself for the second time a prisoner. Whilst con-
fined in Cowes Castle, he finished the first part of the poem
of Gondibert. He was now removed to the Tower of Lon-
don, and would probably have fared badly in addition to
bis two years' imprisonment, bad not Milton nobly exerted
himself to procure bis enlargement. It is said that this
debt of gratitude was repaid at the Restoration, when Mil-
ton was beholden for his safety to the influence of bis
brother poet. Davenant now employed himself in the in-
troduction of such dramatic entertainments — partaking of
the character of the opera — as the taste of the age, or the
forbearance of the rulers, rendered practicable. The re-
mainder of his life seems to have passed in the quiet en-
joyment of his literary tastes, and the admiring apprecia-
tion of bis contemporaries. He was honoured with a last
resting-place in AVestminster Abbey, and the sepulchral
marble was not thought unworthy of the expressive epi-
taph which had previously been npplied to his successor in
the honours of the laurel: — "0 Rare Sir William Daven-
ant" the poet would have considered as ample reward for
his literary exertions. A collective edition of bis works
was pub. in folio, 1672, '73. Gondibert — by which the au-
thor's name is best known — is a heroic poem, the events
of which are supposed to have occurred in the reign of
Aribert. King of Lombardy, 653-661. By some of the
principal poets of the day. Cowley and Waller being of the
number, it was rapturously apjilauded ; by others it was so
warmly attacked, that the author felt it incumbent on him
to defend liimsclf from their censures. He had no heart
to continue a theme so little appreciated, and Gondibert
was left to posterity in an unfinished state. See Disraeli's
Quarrels of Authors; Miscellanies in Prose by Aikin and
Barbauld; Retrospective Review, (Lon., 1S20,) ii. 304-24:
prefatory remarks to vol. iv. of Anderson's British Poets;
Headley's Select Beauties ; Hurd's Letters on Chivalry and
Romance; Biog. Brit.; Maloue's History of the Stage.
Gondibert has now but few readers. The four-lined stanza
with alternate rhymes is not a favourite measure, and six
thousand lines of such, in a solid phalanx, present an ap-
pc:ir:uuo sufficiently formidable to repel ordinary readers.
Yet those who thus neglect the bulky tomes of old English
poetry little know what they lose. With much that may
bo spared, there is much also which is admirably calculated
to charm the imagination, to delight the fancy, and to im-
prove the heart. If it were only to enjoy the exqui>ito
sketHi of the Character and Love of Birthii, would it not
be well worth while to read the six thousand lines of Gon-
dibert? But we are extending this article unwarrantably,
DAY
DAV
and must conclude ; not, however, without the citation of
some opinions upon the merits of the once thrice-famed,
now little known, ''Rare Sir William Davenant !"
" I found hiui of so quick a fancy, that nothing was proposed
to him on which he could not suddenly produce a thought ex-
tremely pleasant and surprising; and those first thoughts of his,
contrary to the old Latin proverb, were not always the least happy.
And as his fancy was quick, so likewise were the products of it re-
mote and happy, lie borrowed not of any other, and his imagina-
tions were such as could not easily enter into any other man, be-
stowing twice the time and labour in polishing which he used in
invention." — Dryden.
Dryden on other occasions expresses his ohligations to
Davenant, and surely the latter had a claim upon his gra-
titude, for Dryden remarks in his preface to the Tempest,
which they had altered :
'' It was originally Shakspeare's — a poet for whom he had par-
ticularly a high veneration, and whom he first taught me to ad-
mire.''
"Gondibert, which is rather a string of Epigrams than an Kpic
Poem, was not without its admirers, among whom were Waller aud
Cowley. But the success did not answer his expectation. When
the novelty ot it was over, it presently sunk into contempt; and
he at length found, that when he strayed from Homer he deviated
from nature." — Granger, iv. 4.3.
''The stanza which he has adopted is better suited to elegiac
than to heroic poetry. A beautifully descriptive passage, inter-
spersed in the course of two or three hundred lines, will not alle-
viate the tedium of the rest; as an occasional flash of lightning
cannot illuminate the continual gloominess of an extensive pros-
pect."— Knox's EsS(i>/s. ii. 377.
" When a writer who is driven by so many powerful motives to
the imitation of preceding models, revolts against them all, aud
determines at any rate, to be original, nothing can be expected but
an awkward straining in every thing. Intproprr method, forced
conceits, and ajdVcted expressimi, are the certain issue of such ob-
stinacy. The busine.ss is to be untile; and this he m.ay very pos.
Bibly be, but at the expense of graceful ease and true beauty." —
Bii-twp Hurd's Critical Commentaries. Notes, and Dissertations, ill.
13S-144.
But Mr. Headley disputes the justice of the bishop's
critique :
" After all, it seems but candid to examine every work by those
rules only which the author prescribed himself in the composing
of it: every contrary step is but trying a m.an of one country by
the laws of another. What right have we, therefore, to be offended
at not finding the critical acts passed by Aristotle originally, and
re-echoed by IJossu and the French critics, rigidly observed, when
it was the author's professed intention to write without them?" —
Bi"(]. Sketches pr-ftxed to HeadJey's Collection, vol. i. See Biog. Brit.
Davenant, Kev. William, drowned whilst swim-
ming, 1681, fourth son of the preceding, was educated at
Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Trans, of La Mothe le Vayer's
Animadversions on Greek and Latin Historians.
Davenport,C'hristopher, 1598-1 680, became a Fran-
ciscan, adopted the name of Sanct.a Clara, and was chap-
lain to Queen Henrietta Maria. De Prasdestinatione Me-
ritis, &c., Lugd., 1634, Svo. Apologia Episcoporum, 1610,
8vo. Manuale Miss. Regularium, Duaci, 1658, 8vo. Sys-
tema Fidei, &,:. Lodi, 1G48, 4to. Vindic. of R. Catholics,
IfioS). Religio l'hil..,«ophi, ,1c,, Duaci, 1662, 8vo. R. C.
Belief, 1670, Svo. Middle State of Souls. See Bishop
Heber's Life of Jeremy Taylnr.
Davenport,Francis. Tides at Tonquin, Phil. Trans.,
16S4.
Davenport, Humphrey. Abrigt. of Coke upon Lit-
tleton. 4th cd., Lon., 1685, 12mo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Davenport, John, 1597-1670, brother of Christopher,
emigrated to Boston in 1637, aud was minister at New
Haven and at Boston. He was of great learning, piety,
and zeal. AVhen 'Whalley and Goffe fled to New Havcii,
he concealed them in his own house. He pub. a number
of serms., letters, &c., 1629-1637. See Athen. Oxon. ;
Mather's Magnalia; Trumbull's Conn. ; Hutchinson; Win-
throp.
Davenport, John. Historic;il Class Book, Lon.,
1839, 12mo.
"One of the most useful helps to education which has fallen
under our critical cognizance." — Lon. M. Advertiser.
Hist, of the Bastille. Lives of Eminent Men. Ali
Pasha. Narrative.
Davenport, K. A. Dictionary of Biography, Lon.,
1831. 12mo.
Davenport, Richard. Con. to Amer. Phil., 1815;
Nat. Phil.
Davenport, Robert. New Tricko to cheat the Divell,
Lon., 1639, 4to. The City Night Cap, 1655, 4to. Other
dramatic pieces.
Davenport, Selina. Novels, 1814, '15.
Daventer, Henry. Midwifery Improved. 1716, Rvo.
Davey, John. Ohs. on Bane in Sheep. Bath. 1830, Svo.
David, St., the Patron of Wales, d. 544, was born about
the close of the 5th century. He wrote the Decrees of the
Synod of 'Victoria, the Rules of his Monasteries, some
Homilies, and Letters to King Arthur: all of which hara
perished. See Butler's Lives of the Saints; Wharton's
Anglia Sacra; Tanner.
David, Ap Gwillnm, a famous Welsh bard, is noted
for having inscribed 147 poems to the fair Morvid. Such
a deluge was too much for her constancj' — if indeed she
ever favoured the poet — and she was married to a soldier
named Rhys Gwgan, who had distinguished himself at the
battle of Crecy. So, in this case, the favourite maxim of
authors was disproved, — the Sword outweighed the Pen.
David's works were edited in London in 1789.
David, Ben. Theolog. Letters to Lon. Quar. Review,
1825.
David, Job. Review of Dr. Priestley's Letter to an
AntiptBdc.baptist, 1803, Svo.
David, M. Effect of Motion, Rest. &c.,Lon., 1790, 4to.
David, Michael. Religion, Ac. of J. B. Renoult,
1708. 4to.
David, R. 1. The Fast. 2. Fear of God, 1781, '82, Svo.
Davidson. The Christian Prize; a Serm., Svo.
Davidson, Rev. Anthony. A Sentiment.il Journey,
in imitation of Sterne. Serms.; in blank verse.
Davidson, Charles. Precedents in Conveyancing,
4th ed.. Lon., l.'^52, 12mo. Common Forms in Conveyanc-
ing, 1S46, r. Svo.
Davidson, David. Thoughts on the Seasons,1789,8TO.
Davidson, David. English Grammar. 1814, 12mo.
Davidson, David, D.D. Comment, on the Bible,
Lon., 1845, fol. ; 1836-46, 3 vols. 24mo. Pocket Biblical
Diet., new ed., 1837, 24mo. Prophecy, 1S39, 12mo. Con-
nec. of S. and P. Hist., 1842, 24rao.
'■This work is well executed. The historical plan is clear and
unique, and the style is singularly attractive, on account of its
purity and strength.'' — Prote.^tant Churchman.
Davidson,fi. B.arkTreeinSt. Lucia.Phil.Trans.,17S4.
Davidson, G. F. Trade and Travel in the East,
Lon., 1846, p. Svo.
"One of the best and most entertaining books of travels pub-
lished within the last three years.'' — Lon. Dispatch.
Favourably reviewed in the Edin. and Lon. Quar. Re-
views.
Davidson, Henry. Waterloo; a Poem.Lon.,1816,Svo.
Davidson, James. Two Serms.. 1804.
Davidson, .lohn. Dialogue betwixt a Clerk and a
Courteour, concerning the state of Parish Kirks in Scot-
l.and, 1570, cr. Svo. 40 copies reprinted at Edinburgh in
1829.
Helpes for Y. S. in Chris., Kdin.,
Davidson, John.
1602. Svo.
Davidson, John.
Davidson, John
Scotland in 1329, '30, '31
Catechism, Edin., 1708, Svo.
Accounts of the Chamberlain in
Obs. on the Regiam M.ajestatem,
Edin., 1792, Svo. Remarks on some Edits, of the Acts
Pari, of Scotland, 1792, Svo. See Sir D-iviD Dalrym-
ple's Anniils of Scothand, iii. 340.
Davidson, Lucretia Maria, 1808-1S25, a native
of Plattsburg, New York, was the daughter of a physician.
Before she was six years of ago she wrote quite a number
of origiuiil poetical compositions, which were accidentally
discovered, having been carefully concealed in a closet sel-
dom visited. Her first poem which has been preserved,
w:is written when she was nine years old. The earliest of
her productions which has been published w,as written at
eleven ye:irs of age. Before she was twelve years old she
had read much of Shakspcare, Kotzebue, and Goldsmith,
many of the standard English poets, and several histo-
rians. Such remarkable precocity of course excited much
observation, and when about 16 years of age, by the kind-
ness of Mr. Moss Kent, she was placed at the excellent
seminary of Mrs. Willard, .at Troy. This lady, who has
done so much to educate the female mind in America — •
whose name is so familiar to many mothers who are now
communicating to their children the intellectn.al and moral
lessons acquired from their former preceptor — immediately
recognised the peculiar characteristics of the mind con-
fided to her guidance. She remarks :
'• 8be at once surprised us by the brilliancy and pathos of her
compositions; she evinced a most exquisite sense of the beautiful
in the productions of her pencil; always giviog to whatever she
attempted to copy certain peculiar and original touches which
marked the liveliness of her conceptions, and the power of her
genius to embody those conceptions. But from studies which re-
quired calm and steady investigation. efTorfsof memory, judgment,
and consecutive thinking, her mind seemed to shrink. She had
no confidence in herself and appeared to regard with dismay any
requisitions of this nature."
During the vacation — a few months after her reception
into Mrs. Willard's household — she sufiTered from ill health,
but rallied sufficiently to be jilaced at a school in Albany,
where it was hoped she might be able to continue her stu-
479
DAY
DAY
dies. Bui il was soon iipparcnt that hor life was not to ' 399 ; Sparks'a Amer. Biog,, vii. 209; Lon. Quar. Rev., xll.
be prolun^jcil. The unfavourable symptoms which had 289, Ixix. 49 ; Chris. Examiner, xxxi. 269. In London,
alarmed the anxiety of her family and friends now deve- the biographies of the sisters, by Miss Sedgwick and Mr.
loped themselves with increased strength, and resulted fa- , Irving, have been incorporated into one volume,
tally on the 27th of August, 1S25, one mouth before she , Davidson, iHaigaret 31., mother of the two preccd-
had" attained the age of 17. So great was her facility in I ing. A volume of Selections from her ^Uitmgs, with a
composition, that she left no less than two hundred and ! preface by Miss Sedgwick, was pub. in 1843.
seventy-eight pieces, (about one hundred and forty had I '-There is nothing in her book to »■•■■«»' ''"™!''°- ^l''":?.';^'?"
, ,. iiri. i.i\ ii„ fi I son has some command of language, and a knowltdfre ol ver&ifica-
been destroyed before her death,) among which were five ^P,"""^^^ ,hj, ,i,ij.f production of her industry in this line isapara-
poems of several cantos each, a number of romances, and , -jj^gj^^ of six books of Fintial. Her writings are interesting onjy
a tragedy.
A collection of her pieces, with a memoir, was pub. in
1829, by Mr. Samuel F. B. Morse, under the title of Amir
Khan and other Poems : the Remains of Lucretia Maria
Davidson. An interesting review of this volume by Ro-
bert Southey will be found in the London Quarterly Re-
view, xli. 289. Miss Catherine M. Sedgwick also has pub.
a biography of her life and character, and the reader will
find interesting notices of Lucretia M. and Margaret M.
Davidson in Dr. Griswold'a Female Poets of America, and
in Mrs. Hale's Records of Woman.
" In these poems there is enough of originality, enough of aspi-
ration, enough of conscious energy, enough of growing power, to
warrant any expectations, however sanguine, which the patron,
and the friends and parents of the deceased could have formed.
... In our own language, except in the cases of Chatterton and
Kirke Wliite, we can call to mind no instance nf so early, so ardent,
and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual advancement." — llOBERT
SODTHEY, iibi su2:ira.
Davidson, Margaret Miller, 182.'i-1838, was a sis-
ter of the preceding, and distinguished by the same re-
markable precocity of intellect and facility in literary
composition. At the early age of six years she found
great delight in the perusal of the poems of Milton, Cow-
per, Thomson, Scott, and other authors of the same class.
"By the time she was six years old," remarks her mo-
ther, "her language assumed an elevated tone, and her
mind seemed filled with poetic imagery, blended with veins
of religious thought." About this time she commenced
" lisping in numbers," and specimens of her poetry then
written will be found in Washington Irving's charming
Memoir of this wonderful child, for she was but fifteen
years and eight months old when translated to a brighter
sphere. Of the beautiful stanzas addressed to her sister
Lucretia, Mr. Irving remarks :
" We m.ay have read poetry more artificially perfect in its struc-
ture, but never any more truly divine in its inspii-ation."
Leonore is the longest of her poems; (the volume just
quoted contains some of her prose compositions, also:)
" It is a story of romantic love, happily conceived, and illustrated
with some tine touches of sentiment and fancy. It is a crcditaltle
production, and would entitle a much older author to considera-
tion ; but its best passages scarcely equal some of her eailier and
less elaborate performances." — Oriswotd's Female Biets of America.
Mrs. Davidson had drank deeply of the cup of affliction :
few could lose such a daughter as Lucretia Maria: — but it
was much that her little sister — then not quite two years
old — was left to comfort the stricken p.arent. When only
three years of age the child would sit " on a cushion at her
mother's feet, listening to anecdotes of her sister's life, and
details of the events which preceded her death ; and would
often e.xclaim, while her face beamed with mingled emo-
tions, ' Oh, I will try to fill her place — teach me to be like
her!'"
Her prayer had been granted. She had grown up to
supply her sister's place, and had evinced the possession
of powers calculated to honour her name and bless her
race — when she too was called to bo numbered with the
"early lost, the long deplored." Again the fond mother
had to pass through the afflicting scenes from which she
had already suffered so deeply. Some four years after she
had followed Margaret to the grave, she remarks in a letter
to the author of this work — referring to an incident which
had recently transpired —
"I will not attempt to describe feelings which brought before
my mind's eye with all the freshness of yesterday, some of the
most deeply touching incidents in my sorrowing and varied life,
with cherished and sacred recollections of the dear one who, like a
bright dream, has faded away from my sight in this world forever!"
The reader must not fail to peruse the deeply interesting
memoir by Mr. Irving before referred to. 'We may fitly
conclude this sketch in his own words:
■' We shall not pretend to comment on these records; they need
no comment, and they .admit no ht-ightcning. Indeed, the farther
we have proceeded with our subject, the nioie has the intellectual
beautj' and the seraphic purity of the little being we have intended
to commemorate broken upon us; and the more have we shrunk
at our own unworthiness for such a task."
Notices of the literary history of the gifted sisters, and
reviews of Miss Sedgwick's and Mr. Irving's biographies,
will bo found in the Southern Lit. Messenger, i. 51 ; is. 94,
4S0
as Indexes to the early culture of her daughters."— Grii-wi/Ws Fe-
male P'«-ls nf Amei-ica.
Davidson, Robert. Serm., 1(07, 4fo.
Davidson, Robert, and David Douglass. De-
cisions of the C. of Sess., 1792-96, Edin., 1797, fol. The
same, 1796-1801. fol.
Davidson, Samuel. Con. to Med. Com., 1790.
Davidson, Rev. Samuel, LL.D. Ecclesiastical Po-
lity of the N. Test., Lon., 1848, 8vo. Introduo. to the N.
Test., 1848-61, 3 vols. 8vo. Biblical Criticism, Edin., 1852,
2 vols. 8vo ; new ed., Lon., 1855, 8vo. Sacred Hermeneu-
tics Developed and Applied, 1843, Svo.
" Nothing seems to be left undone which could be brought within
the prescribed limits ; and tliat which has been done appears to be
well done and treated in an intelligent and masterly manner." —
Ck. nf England Quar. Rev.
Trans, of Gieseler's Comp. of Eccles. History, Lon., 1 846,
ic, 4 vols. Svo. See CLarke's Foreign Theolog. Library.
"Gieseler's Church History is an invaluable storehouse of refer-
ence to the anxious and inquiring studeut and doctrinarian." —
Lon. Eclec. Rev.
Text of the Old Testament Considered, Lon., 1856, 8vo.
Davidson, Thomas. Cantus; Songs and Fancies,
Aberdeen, 1666. This is said to be the first collection in
which Scottish Songs are to be found.
Davidson, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1749, 8vo.
Davidson, Thomas. Sketch of Dr. Erskine,1803,8vo.
Davidson, \Vm. Sermon on Fasting, Newc, 1793,
Svo. Brief Outline of an Exam, of the Song of Solomon,
Lon., 1817, Svo.
"The author of this work considers the Canticles as an inspired
song, wholly referring to the spiritual Solomon, or Christ and his
true spiritual church.'' — Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Davidson, Wni. The Pulmonary System. Lon., 1795,
Svo. Con. toMed. Com., 1793; to Med". Facts, 1792, '93, '94.
Davidson, Wm.,M.D. On the Continued Fevers of
G. Britain and Ireland, Lon., 1841, Svo. Treatise on Diet,
1843, 12mo; 1847.
"The volume is comprehensive; it includes a great deal of most
useful matter; and will be a valuable guide to the student and
young practitioner." — Efliti. Med. and Surg. Jtrumal.
Davidsone, David. Disp. Inaug. de Febre Quar-
tana. Lugd. Eat., 1686, 4to.
Davidsone, John. Ane brief Commendatioun of
Vprichtnes. Imprentit at Sanct Androis be R. Lekpreuick,
1573. 4to.
Davie, Charles H. Ilist. of the Inquisition,1851,12mo.
" A fair and full account of the evils which it professes to de-
scribe, since its statements are taken from the most authentic
souices of information, both ancient and modern." — Chru. Times.
Davie, John C. Letters from Paraguay,Lon.,1805,8vo.
" A fictitious work of no reputation or value."
Davie, Sampson. End, Ac. of T. Norton; in verse,
1570, Svo.
Davies. Antiquities: see Hearne's Collec., ii.
Davies,Arabella. 1. Letters. 2. Diary,17S8, 12mo.
Davies, .\nth. The Protestant's Practice. Sparkles
of the Spirit, 1656, '58.
Davies, B. Serm., Lon., 1785, Svo.
Davies, C. M. Hist, of Holland, Lon., 3 vols. Svo,
1S41, '42, '44; new ed., 1S51.
" Historical students must and ought to be gr.ateful to the au-
thor of this valuable work, which has long been wanted." — Lon.
Athevo'tnn.
Davies, C. N. Lectures on Prophecy, 1836, 12mo.
"This little volume displays both thought and feeling oua sub-
ject of the deepest interest."— -Bntis/j Magurine.
Davies, Charles, LL.D., born at Washington, Con-
necticut, for many years Professor at West Point. Prof
Davies is the author of the following valuable series of
Mathematical works, which are very extensively used in
schools and colleges throughout the U. S., and, it is said,
h.ave produced the author more than $50,000; 1. Primary
Table Book. 2. First Lessons in Arithmetic. 3. Intel-
lectual Arithmetic. 4. School Arithmetic. 5. Grammar
of Arithmetic. 6. University Arithmetic, 1st ed., 1S46.
7. Elementary Algebra, 1st ed., 1839. 8. Elementary Geo-
metry and Trigonometry, 1st ed., 1840. 9. Practical Ma-
thematics, 1852. 10. Bourdon's Algebra, 1st ed., 1834.
11. Legeudre's Geoinefrv, 1st ed., 1828. 12. Elements
of Surveying, 1st ed., 1832. 13. Analytical Geometry.
DAV
DAV
14. Differential and Integral Calculus. 15. De.=cri|itive
Geometry, 1st ed., 182(). 1H. Shades, Shadnw.s, and Pcr-
spoetive. 17. Logic of Mathematics. 18. M.athematical
Dictionary, 1855, N. York, Svo. See Peck. \Vm. G.
Davies, Charles G. Scrm., Lon., 1841, 8to.
Davies, D. 1. Serm. 2. Letters, ISIO, Svo.
Davies, D, W. Scrm., Cranbronk, isii:!, Svo.
Davies, David. Med., Ac. con. I(. Phil. Trans., 17nn,'01.
Davies, David. ,Jurynion's Guide, Lon., 177'.l, 8vo.
Davies, Rev. David, The Case of Labourers in
Ilusliaudry stated and considered, Lon., 1795, 4to.
■■ A pulilicition ^vhich tiiis b.-eii a ^jood deal referred to for its
tacts and statements."— 3/c/'////ft(!/(> Lit. rtf l^HL Kc>m.
Davies, Rev. David Peter. A New Historical and
Descriptive View of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Davies, E. Serm., 1720, Svo.
Davies, Ebenezer. American Scenes and Christian
Slavery, Lon., 1S4S, '53, 12mo.
Davies, Edward. Art of War, Lon., IfilS, 4to.
Davies, Edward. Serm., 176fl, Svo.
Davies, Edward, 1756-1S.11, Rector of Bi.shopston,
and Chancellor of Brecon. Vacunalia; E.ss.ay in verse,
Lon., 1788, Svo. Twelve Dialogues on Different Subjects,
ISOl, Svo. Celtic Eesearches, or the Origin, Tn'ulitions,
and Languages of the Ancient Britons, 1804, Svo. The
Rites and Mythology of the British Druids, ISno, r. Svo.
"But above all other works on thi' sulject of TIruidism would
we reoommend Davies. ttie author of the Celtic Itescarches. His
History of the British Druids is a perfect mine of information on
their most recondite antiquities. Davies. thouRh not free from the
hyper-enthusiasm which always runs in the blood of the Welsh,
has never been excelled by any writer who has yet discussed Druid-
leal Literature.*'— Zon. MmUhly M'ttjazine.
Davies, Lady Eleanor, 1(10.3-1653, daughter of
Lord George Audley, Earl of Castlohavcn, and wife of the
celebrated Sir John Davies, gained great notoriety as a
prophetess. She pub. a number of addresses, appeals, pro-
phecies, Ac, 1641-52. Her Strange and Wonderful Pro-
phecies appeared in 1649, 4to. See Heyliu's Life of Arch-
bishop Laud, and Ballard's British Ladies.
Davies, Evan. Lightning, Phil. Tr,ans., n.'^n.
Davies, Franc. A Catichismo, Lon., 1613, Svo.
Davies, Rev. <i. Introduc. to Reading, 1810, 12mo.
Davies, Georse Ilarley. Comedian. The Fight of
Trafalgar; a Descriptive Poem, 1806, 4to.
Davies, Grittith. Key toB.'s Trigonometry,1814,Svo.
Davies, Henry, M.D. Young Wife's Guide, Lon.,
1852, Svo.
Davies, Herbert. On the Physical Diagnosis of the
Diseases of the Lungs and Heart, Lon., 1851, p. Svo: 2a
ed., revised and enlarged, 1854.
"The first edition of this work was published in 1S.5I. and we
then recommended it to the attentive consideration of our readers
as embodying the Latest view.s of the Vienna School. So valuable
a work cannot tail to re.ach many editions."— ion. Mai. Times and
Gazetfij.
Davies, Rev. Hugh. Welsh Botanology.Lon.,lS13
Svo. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1794, ISll, '15.
Davies, J. Instructions for History, 16S0,'svo.
Davies, James. Serm., Lon., 1679, 4to.
Davies, James. Serm., 1716, 4to.
Davies,James. Address to the Aged, Lon. ,17.'!4,12mo.
Davies, James. Supremacy of the Scriptures, with
a Preface by the Rev. J. P. Smith, D.D., Lon., 1846, 12mo
."To those who wish, by a siusle strain of thou-ht, well sus-
tained, to find weapons to beat down the whole fabric of Popery
and every kindred system, we recommend Mr. Davies's masterly
treatise. —Lrm. Ffriu/eliod Mag. '
Davies,James Seymour. Stubborn Facts,! 81 2 Svo
Davies, Sir John, 1570-1626, a native of Wiltshire
was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and afterwards
studied law. In 1603 he was sent as solicit.ir-general to
Ireland, soon rose to be attorney-general, and sul..ser|uently
was appointed one of the judges of assize. In li;il7 he
was knighted, and after filling several offices with great
credit, he was in 1626 appointed Lord Chief Justice of
liugland, but "died suddenly before the ceremony of set-
tlement or installation could be performed."
NosceTcipsum: This Oracle expounded in two Elegies :
1st, ot Hum,™ Knowledge, 2d, Of the Soul of Man, and
the Immortality thereof: title of 2d ed. pub. 1602. 4to • 1st
pub. in 1599, 4to. Yet the dedication to tineen Elizabeth
bears date 1592. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
*i." P'f S°''.™ '''■ "'"=""' dispute, except Speusar's Faery Queen,
tne best that was written in Queen Elizabeth's or even in Kinir
James the First's time."— A'ofe in the edit, nf Davies's thet. mrks.
■K to, i_mo.
'■The author of this poem merits a lasting honour; for, as he
was a most eloquent lawyer, so, in the composition of this piece
a f !" 4 ; if ^'^^ ^ ^^"'"'^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ philosopher."— N. Tate:
31
" Davies's Nosce Teipsum is an excellent pnem, in opening the
nature, faculties, and certain immnrtality of man's soul." — UiCHiRD
Baxter: Prc/aU-ri/ Address to his i'u-ticnl l-yitt/iiifiifs. If.Sl.
■■' Perhaps no lanyua;j:e lan produit-a puMii, t-xtumliii^ to so preat
a lenpth. of more cuudunsatiou of thuuL'Iit, nr in w tiicb fewc-r lan-
jruiil vc-rsis will be found. . . . Very few l^ivf Ihimi al-li.- tn piL'Serve
a piTspicuous brevity without stitlness ci ii.'d;intry. (allowance
madf fur the subject and the time.) in metaphysical reasnning, so
successfully as Sir John Davies." — Hallam ; Jntroduc. to Lit. of
EUTOpP.
'• In the happier parts of his poem we come to Inciral truths so
well illustrated by ingenious similes. tii;it we knnw nut whether
to call the thoughts more poetically or pbilusnphically just. The
judgment and fancy are reconciled, and the inmgi-ry of the poet
Seems to start more vividly from the surrounding shades of ab-
straction."— Campbell.
*■ Sir John Davies and Sir William Davonant, avoiding equally
the opposite faults of too artificial and too careless a style, wrote
in nunilters which for precision and cle-iirness, and felicity and
strength, have never been surpassed." — Suuthet.
The edition of his poetical works pub. in 1773, 12uio,
.already referred to, contains, in addition to the above-no-
tired poem, the Hymns of A.strca — acrostics in praise of
Elizabeth — and Orche.'itra. a Poem on Dancing.
Reports of Cases in the Law in the King's Courts in Ire-
land, 2 Jac. I.-IO Jac. I.. (1604-12.) with a learned Pre-
face, dedicated to Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Dublin, 1615,
fol.; Lon., 1628, 78, (in French;) 4th ed., 1762, (in Eng-
lish,) Dublin, Svo. These were the first reports of Irish
judgments which had ever been made public during the
■100 years that the laws of England had existed in that
kingdom. The preface to these report?, which is "a very
learned and eloquent eulogium" on the Common Law of
England, and a vindication of its professors, " vies with
Coke in solidity and learning, and equals Blackstone ia
classical illustration and elegant language."
In additiiin to the above-noticed works, and some Essaya,
kc. Sir John pub. an abridgt. of Coke's Reports, and a
number of hisfurical and political tracts. George Chal-
mers pub. in 1786, Svo, an edit, of his Historical Tracts;
the best known of which is A Discoverie of the Trvo Cavses
why Ireland was neuer entirely sulidued, nnr brought un-
der Obedience to the Crowne of Engb.nd, until the begin-
ning of his Majesty's Raigne, Lon., 1612, 4to; Dubl., 1664,
'66. Svo; 1704, fol.; Lon., 1747, 12mo. It would be diffi-
cult to commend this performance too highly:
"The very best view of the political state of Ireland from the
reign of Henry IL to that of Jaines I." — Bishop Nicolson.
*■ A great performance: a masterly work, and contains much
depth and extensive knowledge in state matters and settling of
countries, in a very short compass." — Earl of Chatham.
In versatility of talent, brilliancy of imagination, po-
litical wisdom, and literary taste, few Englishmen have
equalled Sir John Davies.
Pee Athen. 0.xon.; Biog. Brit. ; Johnson and Chalmers's
English Poets, ISlO; Life by George Chalmers, prefixed
to his Tracts; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Ellis's Spe-
cimens; Marvin's Legal Bibl.; Wallace's Reporters; Re-
trosp. Review, v. 44, 1822.
Davies, John. Outinam:— 1. For Queene Elizabeth's
Securitie. 2. For her Subiects Prospcritie. 3. Foragcne-
rallConformitie. 4. And for England's Tranquilitie, Lon.,
1591, 16mo.
"This volume consists of a fulsome sermonicsl address to the
people; an indecent prayer for the queen, Ac. and closes with
seven six-line stanzas which are only remarkable for their demerit "
— T. Fark.
Davies, John, D.D., a native of Wales, studied at
Jesus College and Lincoln College, Oxford. Antiqua; Lin-
guae Britannicie, &c., Lon.. 1592, fol. Dictionarium Lntino-
Britannicum, by T. Williams; to which is added Adagia
Britannica, Authorum Britannicorum Nomina et quando
floruerunt, 1632, Parson's Resolutions trans, into Welsh.
He assisted in a version of the Welsh Bible, pub. 1620.
" This author was esteemed by the academicians well vers'd in
the history and antiquities of his own nation, .-ind in the Greek
and Hebrew languages, a most exact critic, an indefatig.able searcher
into ancient scripts, and well acquainted with curious and rare
authors." — At/teti. Ojrm.
Davies, or Davis, John, " of Hereford," educated at
Oxford, became famous as a poet and a writing-master,
Mr. Chalmers supposes his Mirum in Modum, a Glympse of
(Jod's Glorie and the Soule's Shape, 1602,4to, to have been
his earliest work. Sold at Lloyd's sale for £5 2«. M.
Witte's Pilgrimage, sine anno; Bibl. Anglo-Poet, £25;
Perry Sale, £28. The Holy Roode or Christ's Crosse;
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £15 15«. Other publications. A list
of hi.^ works will be found in Athcn. Oxon., and in
Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and notices of most of them in
Censura Literaria, The Bibliographer, and Restituta.
'• Sir John Davies was more a scholar than a lawyer; but this
John Davies was more a poet than a scholar, and sonit-what en-
clined towards the law; which hath made some unwary readers
take the writings of one for the other."— JMcn. Oxvn.
4Sl
DAV
Davies, John, 1625-1693, a native of Carmarthen-
shire, made many trans, from the French into English.
We notice a few of his pulilications. Hist, of the Carril)l>y
Islands, fol., Lon., 166rt; year of the great fire: therefore
this is a rare work. Voyages and Travels of Frederic's
Ambassadors. 1662, fol. Peregrinations, 1669, fol. Kites
and Monuments of Durham, 1672, 8vo.
Davies, John. Answers to Papers on Free-Trade,
1641, 4to.
Davies, John. Apoealvpsis, Lon.. 16o8, 12mo.
Davies, John, D.D., 1679-17.32, Prebendary of Ely,
was a native of London, and educated at Queen's College,
Cambridge, of which he became Fellow. He attained con-
siderable reputation as a philologist, Ma.timi Tyril Dis-
sertationes Gr. et Lat. ex interpretationes Heinsii, Ac. 1703,
8vo. C. JuIiiCft-saris, &c., Cant., 1706 et '27, 4to. De Na-
tura Deorum, 171 S, Svo. Other publications, 1707-27.
Davies, John. Display of Herauldry, 1716, 12mo.
Davies, John. Scrms., Ac, 1799, 1802, '05, '14.
Davies, John. Innkeeper's Guide, Leeds, 1806, 12mo.
Davies, John. Cases resj). Patents, Lon., 1816, 8vo.
These Cases are held " in high estimation." See Pref. to
Phil, on Pat.
Davies, Rev. John. Essay on the 0. and N. Test.,
Camb., 1843, 8vo. Estimate of the Human Mind, Lon.,
Svo ; new ed., 1847.
" A great varii-ty of topics of vast interest are ably and eloquently
discussed." — Lon'. Omgn-fiational Mag.
Cultivation of the Mind, Lon., 8vo.
'■ An able Christian view of the suliject."— Hickersteth.
*■ Mr. Davies is every way qualified for the task he has hero un-
dertaken."— Imperial Mag.
The Ordinances of Keligion practically Dlustrated and
Applied, Lon., 8vo.
•' We content ourselves with a hearty recommend.ttion of the
volume."— inn. I'lilint. „ , t r
Davies, Joseph. Increase of Home Trade, Ac, Lon.,
1731, Svo.
Davies, Myles, a Welsh divine, a native of Tre'r-
Abbot, Flintshire. Icon Libellorum: or a Critical Hist,
of Pamphlets, Lon., 1715. 8vo; this work is included in
the following: Athena: Brit.annic», or a Critical Hist, of
Oxford and Cambridge Writers and Writings. This work
is one of the rarest in the English tongue. Mr. H. G.
Bohn's Cat. of 1841 contains the Icon Libellorum, Svo,
Athena Britannicffi, 3 vols. Svo; and I vol. 4to, 1716 ; vols.
i. and ii. being a Crit. Hist, of Pamphlets. The 4 vols, are
marked £5 5<!. In his Cat. for 1848 the 6 vols, are marked
£10 lOs. The 5 vols, were pub. in Svo, 1716. and one (vol.4)
in 4to. The six were sold at the Bindley sale for £10 lOs.
See an interesting account of Davies in Disraeli's Calami-
ties of Authors. He pub. two theological treatises on
Arianism and Romanism.
Davies, Richard, Bishop of St. David's. Fun. Serm.
on the Earl of Essex. Lon.. 1577, 4to. Epistle to the Welsh.
Reprinted, Oxon., 1671, Svo.
Davies, Richard. Chester's Trivmph in honovr of
her Prince. As it was perfjrmed vpon St. George's Day
in the foresaid Citie, Lon., 1610, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,
223, £25. Reprinted in Nichols's Progresses of K. James I.
Davies,Richard.Convincement.Ae.,Lon.,1710,12mo.
Davies, Richard, M.D. Profess., Ac. treatises,1759,Ac.
Davies, Robert, 1770-1836, a Welsh poet, wrote a
Welsh Grammar, .and some poetical works in Welsh, which
are highly esteemed.
Davies, Roser. Existence of a Divine Being,1724,8vo.
Davies, Samnel. Serms., 1768, '59, Svo.
Davies, Rev. Samnel, 1724-1761. a native of New-
castle. Delaware, preached with great success in Virginia.
In 1759 he succeeded Jonath;in Edwards in the Presidency
of the College of Now Jersey at Princeton. Mr. D. main-
tained au exemplary character in all the relations of life.
Religion .and Patriotism the constituents of a good soldier,
a Serm., preached Aug. 17, 1755, Phila.. 1756, Svo, pp. 38.
In a note to this discourse, p. 12, Mr. Davies remarks,
speaking of "martial spirit:"
"Asa remarkable instance of this. I may point out to the pub-
lic that heroic youth. Colonel [afterwards General] Washinpton,
■whom 1 cannot but hope Providence has hitherto preserved in so
signal a m.nnner for some important service to his country."'
The Crisis considered, with reference to Great Britain
and her Colonies, a Serm., Lon., 1757, Svo. This contains
some curious parliculars relative to the loss of Oswego,
Eraddock's Defeat, Ac Other serms. and addresses. See
Middleton's Biog. Evangel. ; Rice's Memoirs of Davies, Ac.
A collection of his sermons was pub. by Drs. Finlcy and
Gibbons of London, 1767-71, 5 vols. Svo ; later edits, in 4
vols., ( Lon., 1824,) and in 3 vols., (N. York, 1849, 1851.) Mr.
Davies excelled ia
DAV
"Animated and pathetic applic.ition. in which he collects and
concentrates what he has been proviiiu-in his discourses, and argues
with all the powers of forcible and iii.ltiMi.' p.Tsu.ision to the heart.
I most sincerely wish that youn- uriiii>ters. more especially,
would peruse these volumes with the dec|K-st attention and serious-
ness and endeavour to form their discourses according to the mo-
del of our author."— Dr. Thomas Glimoss.
■> fvani-elical His style and manner are not .always good, but
being posthumous, he is less to be blamed. On Church Govern-
ment he t.ikes the side of Dissenters.' —BicKERSTtTH.
••President Davies is generally cited as the most eloquent Ame-
rican divine of the past age. His sermons are formed on the decla-
oiatorv and French models, and are direct, vehement, often elo-
ouent'and moving appeals, but wanting accuracy and finish
•• Ilid til,- ,<iir..r been less scrupulous, the sermons might have
appeind tc. mii.h greater advantage as to the method, proportions,
&c 'Thev th..uld be read, not as models of composition, but in
reference' to the serious truths they contain, and the xivida vis
animi of the author."— Dr. E. WiLLiiMS. ,. , ,. .
They abound with striking thoughts, with the beauties and
.-' - _.__ -_j ..-;*u .v..! -i,.l,uct im«„iirv " PeESI-
elegancies of expression, and with the richest imagery.^
PENT Allen. tt i
The edit, of Davies's sermons pub. in New York, 1851,
3 vols Svo, contains an essay on the Life and Times of the
Author by the Rev. Albert Barnes of Philadelphia.
Davies, Sneyd, d. 1769, wrote several of the anony-
mous imitations of Horace in Duncombc's edit., 1767, and
see end of vol. iv., and Poems in Dodsley's and Nichols 9
Collection, and in the Alumni Etonenscs. See account of
Davies in Nichols's Literary Collection.
Davies, Thomas. Serm. on Amos ix. 2, 8vo.
Davies, Thomas. Sixteen Discourses,Lon.,1720,8vo.
Davies, Thomas. Laws rel. to Bankrupts, 1744, foL
Davies, Thomas, 1712?-1785, studied at the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, and became an actor and bookseller.
Dr. Johnson, who valued him highly, and declared that he
was "le.arned enough for a clergyman," assisted him lihe-
rally in his pecuniary difficulties. He married Miss Yar-
row a celebrated beauty, to whom we shall refer presently.
Life of David Garrick, Lon., 1780, 2 vols. Svo. New
(5th) ed. by Stephen Jones, 1808. Dramatic Miscellanies,
1784 '85, 3 vols. Svo. Lives of Dr. John Eachard, Sir
John Davies, and Mr. Lillo, prefixed to the eds. of their
works pub. by T. Davies. Memoirs of Henderson. Life
of Massinger. Review of Lord Chesterfield's Character.
Dramatic Works of George Lillo, with Memoirs of the Au-
thor, 1810, 2 vols. 18mo. Interesting particulars of our
author will be found in Bo-swell's Johnson. It was at the
house of the bookseller that the biographer was first intro-
duced to the great lexicographer. Who that has ever read
BoswcU's amusing account of this introduction can ever
°-' Both Davies and his wife (who has been celebrated for her
beautv) maintained an uniform decency of character; and John-
son es'teemed them, and lived in as ea.sy an intimacy with them as
with any family which he used to visit."
Churchill's unmerciful ridicule of Davies's acting drove
him from the stage :
•• With him came mighty Davies: — on my Ufa
That Davies has a very pretty wife!
Statesman all over, — in plots famous grown,-—
He mouths a sentence as curs mouth a bone.
The Bosaad.
This was too much for Davies, and he again tried book-
selling as a vocation. If he could not "act well his part"
himself, he contrived to profit by the success of a brother
actor: for his Life of G.arrick relieved him of the res an-
qustndimi, and gave him fame in the world of letters.
Davies, Ma,j. Gen. Thomas. Con. m Zoology and
Ornithology to 'Prans. Linn. Soc, 1798, 1802.
Davies, Thomas S. Hutton's Mathemat, 12th ed.,
by Gregory and Davies, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. Solutions
of the prineip.al questions of Hutton's Mathemat, 1840, Svo.
"The solutions exhibit a degree of simplicity, ingenuity, and
elegance, rarely to be met with in works of this nature, —hciso
Clirnmcle.
Davies, Rev. Walter. General View of the Agri-
cult, and Domestic Economy of North Wales, Lon.. 181 l.Svo.
"The report exhibits much sound information, and an acute
Judgment on everv point of discussion. It has always been e^
teemed and recommended as a source whence information may ne
got." — DimaUhan's Af/rictiU. liUg.
Davies, William. A True Relation of his own "Tra-
vailes and most miserable Captiuitie, Lon., 1614, 4to. Re-
printed in the Oxford Collection of Voyages and Travels,
Davies, Wm. Plays for a private Theatre, Lon.,
1786, Svo.
Davies, sometimes Davis, ?. r.
Daviess, Col. Joseph II., of Kentucky, d- Jsll-
View of the President's Conduct con. the conspiracy of 18Ut>.
Daville, John. Serm. on Ephes. v. 6, 1745, Svo.
Davis. Welsh and Latin Dictionary, Lon., 1632, loL
DAV
A Catalogue of the most noted British Authors, <fec. is an-
nexed to this volume, which is truly a /(7>cr rnriHsiiints.
Davis. Ilosanna before the Bishops. Lon., 1642, 4to,
Davis, Explanation aiul Vindication of the Rubrics
before the New Office for the Uth of June. Oxf., 17.S1, 8vo.
Davis, Andrew Jackson, the Poughkeepsie Seer
and Clairvoyant, w.as born at Blooming (Jrove. Orange CO.,
N. Y.. 1.S26. 1. Nature's Diviue Revelations. p]i. SflO. Svo,
N.Y. 2. The Great Ilarmonia, 6 vols. 12mo; containing
Physician, Teacher, Seer, «tc. 3. Review of Dr. Horace
Bushnell on Supernaturalism. 4. Philosophy of Spiritual
Intercourse. 8vo. 5. Philosophy of Special Providences,
Svo. 6. Harmonial Man ; or, Thoughts for the Age, 8vo.
7. Free Thoughts concerning Religion. 8vo. 8. Present Age
and Inner Life. 9. The Penetrjilia: Harmouical Answers.
Wo append notices of two of Mr. Davis's publications :
" We ctn re;;ard this book [The Great Ilarmonia} in no other
light than as part of a series of systematic impostures. The iuti-
delity of our d.iy is to a considerable extent combitu-d with an
amazing degree of credulity and superstition. . . . We have no
hesitatiou in predicting that money Hill be lost upon this volume
and the remainder of the series — either by the publishers or by the
purchasers — and we tbinii it would be full as well for the world at
large that the loss should fall upon the former." — Ncrton^s (A'ew
i'ork) Litfrary Gii:etle.
A well-known writer thus refers to the Principles of Na-
ture, her Divine Revelation, .and a Voice to Mankind:
"Taken as a wbole. the Mork is a profound and elaborate discus-
sion of the Philosojihy of the Universe; and for grandeur of con-
ception, soundness <if principle, clearness of illustration, order of
arrangement, and . nryclope,ii<-al ran^'e of sulj.'cts, I know of no
work of any single nood that will be;ir away IVoin it I lie palm. To
every theme the inililioL' mind ;ipprn;iiti,>s willi a certain latent
consciousness of mastery of all its piinciplcs. details, and techni-
calities; and yet without the least ostentatious display of superior
mental powers." — Professor ISusu.
Davis, Asahel, b. 1791, in M.assachusctt.s. Ancient
America .and Researches of the E;ist. .30th thousand. 1854.
Davis, Crusoe R. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1756.
Davis, Daniel, of Boston, 1773-1835. Criminal Jus-
tice. Boston, 2d ed., 1828. Svo; 3d ed, by F. F. Heiird.
"A valuable manual of criminal law." — Marvin's Lrgixl Bibl.
Precedents of Indictments. Boston, 1831, 8vo.
Davis, Daniel, Jr. Manual of Magnetism, 6th ed.,
Boston, 1854, 12mo. One of the best works upon the
Bubjeet.
Davis, David D., M.D. Trans, of Phincl on In-
Banity, Sheflf., 1806, Svo. Acute Hydrocephalus, Lon.,
1840, Svo.
" .K treatise eminently calculated to e.Talt the high reputation
which already distinguishes its author."— itfm. Mmith. Med. Jiiur.,
Jan. 1.S41. '
Elements of Obstetric Medicine, Lon., 4to. New ed. in
10 Nos. Svo. and 70 plates in 4to, 1842.
" We do not, therefore, hesitate to say that it is a work which
ought to be found on the table of every teacher and medical prac-
titioner."— EfUn. Medical and SurgicaZ' Magazine, Jan. 1S42.
Davis, Edward, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747.
Davis, Edwin Hamilton, b. 1811, in Ross county,
Ohio : appointed Prof, of Materia Mcdica and Therapeu-
tics in the New York Medical College in 1850. As early
as 1833 he commenced his antiquarian researches, the
results of which have been pub. as the 1st vol. of the
Smithsonian Contrilnitions to Knowledge, entitled: 1.
Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, by E. G. Squier
and E. II. Davis. 2. Report on the Statistics of Calculous
Disease in Ohio, 1850, Svo.-
Davis, Francis. A Catechism, Lon., iai2, Svo.
Davis, George. Serms., 1758, '63, 4to.
Davis, Rev. H. Exercises in Latin, Lon., 1844, 12mo.
Davis, Henry W. The War of Ormuz.d .and Ahriman
in the Nineteenth Century, Baltimore, 1853, Svo.
Davis, Rev. Henry Edwards, 1756-1784, edu-
cated at, and Fellow and Tutor of, Baliol Coll., Oxford,
when only twenty-one pub. an examination of Giljbon's 15th
and 16th chapters of the Decline and Fall, Lon., 1778, Svo.
He charges Gibbon with misrepresentations of authors
cited and with want of accuracy in his statements. The
historian pub. a Vindication, which Davis answered in A
Reply to Mr. Giljbon's Vindication, 1779, Svo.
Davis, Hewlett. Farming Essays, Lon., 1848, Svo.
'•These essays are very particular for sound practice and enlightr
ened judgment."— DonaWson's AgricuU. Bing.
Davis, Hugh. Do Jure Uniforniilatis Eeelesiastiecc ;
of the rights belong, to an unif in Churches. Lon., 1669.
Davis, J. Exposition of the Laws rel. to the Medical
Profession, Lon.. 1844, Svo.
Davis, J. B., M.D. 1. Fever of Waleheren, Lon.,
1810, Svo. 2. Hist, of Nice, 1807. 3. Bognor, 1807.
4. Asphyxies. 5. Project. 6. France, Ac, 1807, 2 vols.
12mo.
DAV
Davis, J. C. B. Mass. Justice, Worcest., 1847, Svo.
Davis, Jo. Minucius Felix, cum Notis Jo. Davisii,
Glasg.. 1750, 12mo.
Davis, John, d. 1605, a celebrated navigator, was a
native of Saudridge, Devonshire. Between 1585 and '87
he made three voyages for the discovery of a Northwest
p.assage. lie discovered the strait which bears his name.
In 1571 he sailed with Cavendish in his voyage to the
South Sea, and subsequently made five voyages to the East
Indies as pilot. In the l.asthe was killed by the Japanese
in the Strait of Malacca. A Traverse Book by J. D. in
1587. A Report of J. D. of his three voyages made for
the Discovery of the N. West Passage. Pub. by Hakluyt.
The World's llydrographieall Description, Lon., 1595, Svo!
This very rare vol. was pub. by Davis himself. The Sea-
men's Secrefs, 1595, Svo, 1626 and 1657, 4to. SeeHakluyt's
Collection fd" Voyages.
Davis, John. News from Ireland, Ac, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Davis, John. Theolog. treatises, Ac., 1652, '55.
Davis, John. Serm., 1814. Svo.
Davis, John. Travels of four and a half years in the
U. States, 1799-1802, Lon., 1803, Svo; 1817. Contains
some interesting facts relating to Pres. Jefferson, Col. Burr,
Ac. He pub. some other works.
■• With more sincerity than is usual among travellers, he states
that he made his tour on foot, because he could not atford the ex-
pense of a b..is.'. ■—;,'„•/,•» Bibl. Amrr. Nm-a.
Davis, Sir John. See Davies.
Davis, John A. G., 1802-1840. a lawyer and professor,
born m Middlesex Co., Virginia. Before the age of thirty
"^he was appointed Law-Professor in the University of
Virginia, and filled that chair for ten years or longer. In
18.'J9 he pub. a valuable Treatise on Criminal Law, and
Guide to Justices of the Peace, pp. 600, Svo. For gratuitous
circulation, a trtict on Estates Tail Executory De'vises, and
Contingent Remainders under the Virginia Statutes modi-
fying the Common Law; and another tract against the
Conslitution.al right of Congress to pass laws expressly and
especially for the ' Protection' of Domestic Manufactures,
comb.ating Mr. M.adison's views upon that subject. In
Nov. 1840, Mr. Davis w.as shot with a pistol by a rioting
student, whom he, in obedience to the university-laws, was
endeavouring to arrest. After lingering for several days,
he died, leaving a widow .and seven children."
Davis, John Ford, M.D. Carditis, Bath, 1808, 12mo.
Davis, Sir John Francis, Governor of Hong Kong,
formerly Her British Majesty's Chief Superintendent in
China. 1. The Chinese: a General Description of China
and its inhabitants, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. Several
edits., 1840, Ac.
" .Mr. Davis resided twenty years at Canton, where he at length
rose to lie chiet of the factory; he accompanied Lord .\mhersfs
embassy to Pekin: and be ranks as one of the few Europeans who
have ever really mastered the language and literature of China.
We have a right, theiefore, to consider the statements which he
has now submitted to the public as containing as full and correct
a view of this singular people, of their government, laws, and in-
stitutions—and. Ill short, of the whole frame of their society, as
the many dimcullies with which the subject is beset will permit"—
L'm. (^narteelij K, ,-ieir.
"This is uii.l.inlitedly the best work on China in the English
languagi-. •—Mc< •nllaclis Lit. of J'alit. Eamomg.
'■ My informatiouis derived from .Mr. Davis's able and lucid work
on China." — DrKE OF AVellinotox.
2. Chinese Moral Maxims, with Tr.anslations, Svo. 3. Chi-
nese Novels, Svo. 4. The Mass.acre of Benares; a chapter
from British Indian History, fp. Svo.
" The whole of this spirit-stirring volume is well entitled to te-
rusal. — Lan. Literary Gazette.
5. Sketches of China, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1841 ; and new ed.
6. China during the War and since the Peace, 1852, 2 vols,
p. Svo; now ed., 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo.
The reader can perhaps learn as much of the Chinese from
these works as from any other volumes in the language.
Davis, Joseph. Last Legacy, Lon., 1707. i2nio.
Davis, Joseph. Digest of Legislative Enactments
relating to the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers,
in England ; with occasional Observations and Notes, Lon.,
1820, 8vo; 2.1 ed., 1849, r. Svo.
Davis, M. Thimgbts on D.ancing, 1791, 12mo.
Davis, M. S. Caseof Rev. C.Jones, N. York. 1813, Svo.
Davis, Mary Anue. Fables in Verse, 1813, 12mo.
Davis, Matthew L., of New York, d. 1850, aged 84,
Memoirs of Aaron Burr, N. York, 1837, '38, 2 vols. Svo.
Tlie Private Journ.al of Aaron Burr, 1S3S, 2 vols. Svo. See
an obituary notice of Mr. Davis in Littell's Living Age,
xxvi. 217.
Davis, Richard. Auctio Davisiana Oxonii habita,
per Gul. Cooper A Ed. Millington, Bibliopol. Lond.,Lon.,
1689, 4to.
" An excellent Latin poem." — Wood.
DAY
Davis, Rioharil. Gospul Liglit, Lon., 12mo.
Davis, Richard. Tbculog. treatises, Lon., 1693-1700.
Davis, Richard. Narrative of Facts, 17S9, 8vo.
General View of the Agrieult. of the county of Oxford,
Lon., 179-1, 4to.
"This is a very meagre report, and was but little noticed." —
DonnJdstm^s Afiricidt. Bing.
Davis, Richard, 1649-1741, an Irish divine. 1. A
Letter to a Friend (who had become a R. Catholic) con-
cerning his changing his Religion, Lon., 1694. 4to. 2. The
Truly Catholic and Old Religion, showing that the Kst.^-
blished Church in Ireland is more truly a nieinher of the
Catholic Church than the Church of Rome, and that all
the ancient Christians, especially in Great Britain and Ire-
land, were of her Communion, Dublin, 1716, 4to. 3. A
Letter. 4. Remarks, 4to. 5. Serms.. 1716, Svo ; 1717, 4to.
Davis, Richard Bingham, 1771-1799, h. in the city
of New York, llis Poems were collected after his death,
and puh. with a Memoir by John T. Irving, N. York. 1807.
Davis, Thomas. General View of the Agricult. of
the County of Wilts. Lon.. 1794, 4to; 1811, 8vo.
Davis, Thomas. Poems, with an Introduction hy
John Mitchell, N. York, 1856. 18mo.
Davis, Thomas A. Cosmogony; or. The Mysteries
of Creation. N. York, 1858. Svo.
Davis, Rev. W. The Believer's Assurance of Salva-
tion: Is it Attainable? ISmo.
Davis, Wm. See Davies.
Davis, Wm. Mathemat. treatises, Lon.. 1798-1813.
Davis, Wm. An Olio of Bibliogr.apbical and Literary
Anecdotes, Lon., 1814. 12mo; and Memoranda original
and selected. A new edit, has been pub. A Journey round
the Library of a Bibliomaniac; or Cento of Notes and
Reminiscences concerning rare, curious, and valuable
Books, 1821, sm. 8vo. A Second Journey round the Li-
brary of a Bibliomaniac, 1825, sm. Svo.
Davis, Wm. The Acts of Congress in relation to the
District of Columbia from July, 1790, to March, 1831, &c.,
Wash., 1831, Svo.
Davis, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1839, Ac.
Davison. Letter to Bowles; 10 Letters, 1803; refer-
ring to the Nottingham Election.
Davison, Alex. Obs. on the Report of the Committee
on Military Inquiry, 1807, Svo.
Davison, D., M.D. Trans, of F. C. Schlosser's Hist,
of the ISth Century, and of the 19th till the Overthrow of
the French Empire, with particular reference to Mental
Cultivation and Progress, Lon., 1S43-52, S vols. Svo. This
work has been trans, into French and Dutch also.
"Sehlosser is. as an historian, second to none of his contempora-
ries. We possess in En^'land no writer between whom and him-
self it would not be mere irony to institute any comparison. Ranke
amonj; German and Thierry among French historians may enter
the lists with him. In the deplh and variety of his attainments,
and the range and compass of his view, he is superior to them, and
among modern writers, quite unrivalled.'* — Wi-stminsUr Bfi-iew.
Davison, Francis, sonof Wm. Davison, an eminent
statesman irntp. Elizabeth. Poetical Rhapsody. Lon.,
1602, '08, '11. '21. With a Preface by Sir E. Brydges,
1814-17, 3 vols. Svo. With Memoirs and Notes by H. H.
Nichcdas, 1826. cr. Svo ; 250 copie.i printed, best ed. This
excellent collection contains poems by Francis and Walter
Davidson, Sir John Davies, Sir Philip Sydney, Sir Walter
Raleigh, the Countess of Pembroke, Spenser, Sir H. Wot-
ton, Donne, (ireene. and others.
" liow .say you. reader? Is not the above a glorious pageant of
poets? Does not the mere enumeration of them beget in thee a
longing to explore the p-ages which contain their bright thoughts
and tuneful lines?"
Davison, H., and Merivalo, H. Reports in the
Q. B. and upon Writs of Error.ic.lS l.'i.'44,Lon..l.S44,r. Svo.
Davison, Ililkiah. Scrm., Lon., 1720. Svo.
Davison, John. Dr. Bancrofts Rashness in rayling
against the Cli. of Scot, noted. Edin., 1590, 16uio.
Davison, John. Algebra, Lon.. 1789. Svo.
Davison, John, 1777-1834. Prebendary of Worcester.
Discourses on Prophecy. Lon., 1824, Svo ; 6th ed.,Oxf.,1845.
'• While the student is carried forward by the interest of critical
research, and his understanding enlightened by the wide and clear
views opened to him. his piety will not fail to be warmed, his faith
strengtheui'd, and his best affections exalted and improved."—
British Critic.
"Some useful remarks in this work, with much deep, serious,
and origin.al thinking." — Bickersteth's Christian Stminit.
Primitive Sacrifice, 1825, Svo. Baptismal Regeneration,
1844, Svo. Remains, and Occasional Publications, Oxf.,
1840. Svo.
Davison, Thomas. Serm., 1683, 'SS. 4to.
Davison, Wm., M.D. Med. and chem. works. 1633-60.
Davisson, John. Prot. Minister's Mission, 1721.
DAV
Davors, Jo, Secrets of Angling, by J. D., supposed
to be the above, Lon., 1613. 12mo. Augmented by Wm.
Lauson, Lon., 1652. In Cen.s. Lit,, 1811. and in 1812, Svo.
This rare work is also ascribed to Davies, Donne, and
Dennys. Sec Blakey's Lit. of Angling, 1S56, 311.
Davy, Charles. Trans, of Baurifs Journey to the
Glaciers in Savoy, Norw., 1775, Svo: in conjunction with F.
Davy. Letters upon Subjects of Lit., Lon., 1789, 2 vols. Svo.
College Terms, 3d ed., 1S24, 4 vols. 12mo ; 1S45, 2 vols.
12in(i. "lluth; an Oratorio. Balaam; an Oratorio.
Davy, Chris. Architectural Precedents, Lon., 1840,
Svo. Artificiiil Foundations, 1841, Svo.
'■ A sort of Chamber Council to be consulted with advantage by
all practical men." — Lon. Mechanics' Sh'g.
Commended by the Civil Engineer's Jour., The Atlas. &c.
Davy, Edm. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1817. Phih
M.ag.. 1817.
Davy, Henry. Views of Gentlemen's Seats. Archi-
tectural Antiq. of Suffolk. 1827-46.
Davy, Henry. Landing of Rebels. Lon., 1643, 4to.
Davy, Sir Humphry, Bart,, 1778-1829, was a na-
tive of Penz.ance. Cornwall. After serving an apprentice-
ship to a surgeon and apothecary, he became, at the age of
20. assistant to Dr. Beddoes in the Pneumatic Institution
at Bristol. In 1799 Dr. Beddoes pub. a work entitled Con-
tributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge, principally
from the West of England. To this collection young Davy
contributed Essays on Heat, Light, Respiration. Gas, and
Colours. In 1803 he became a Fellow of the Royal So-
ciety, in 1806 Secretary, and in 1820 President, of that
distinguished body. In 1812 he was married to Mrs.
Apreece. a lady of large fortune. In 1815-17 he contri-
buted to Phil. Trans, the celebrated papers on the Miner's
Safety Lamp, for which useful invention the coal proprie-
tors of the district of the Tyne and Wear presented him
with a service of plate worth £2000. In 1818, '19, he tra-
velled in Italy, zealously pursuing his scientific investiga-
tions, and during his absence was created a baronet. Ho
again travelled on the Continent in 1827, hoping to benefit
his impaired health, but he experienced only temporary
relief, and died of apoplexy at Geneva in 1829. For an
account of the brilliant discoveries of this distinguished
benefactor to science, we must refer the reader to the bio-
graphies by his brother. Dr. John D.avy, and Dr. Paris. In
additions to Six Discourses delivered before the Roy.il So-
ciety at their Anniversary Meetings, he was the author of
more than fifty Treatises and Lectures upon subjects of
scientific investigation. He was also a poet as well as a
philosopher, and his powers as an essayist are displayed to
,..,..„* ...].... Tit„ rrn 5 r, lilc P |-.T1 cnl 1, t i ,,11 0 oC Tmvpl. HT\(\ liftVS
great advantage in his Consolations of Travel, and Days
of Fly Fishing.
'■ Had not Davv been the first chemist," remarked Coleridge to
Mr. I'oole, ■' he probably would have been the first pot't of his age."'
"Who that has re;id his sul'lime quatraius on the doctrine of
Spinoza can duubt that he might have united, if he had pleased,
in some great didactic poem, the vigorous ratiocination of Dryden,
and the moral majesty of Wordsworth." — Lockhart.
Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing. By an Angler, Lon.,
1S28, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, fp. Svo.
"We are informed in the pretace, th.at many months of severe
and dangerous illness have been partially occupied and amused
by the prcsiul tre:itise. when the author was incapable of attending
to iiii'rc us, tul stiidii s ur more serious pursuits. While we regret
that the ,uniiit of Micutilic investigation, which has led to such
brilliant results, should be, for a moment, interrupted, we have heie
an example, and a pleasing one. that the lightest pursuits of such
anmnasourangler— nay, the productions of those languid hours,
in which lassitude succeeds to pain, are more interesting and in-
structive than the exertion of the talents of others whose mind
and body are in the fullest vigour— illustrating the scriptural ex-
pression that the gleaning of the grapes of Kphraim are better
than the vintage of Abiezer." — Lon. Quar. Bcvtew, xxxviii. 603.
"This is a book on a very delightful subject, by a very distin-
guished man. But although it is occasionally rather a plea.sant
book than otherwise, it is not by any means worthy either of the
subject or the man — the one being Angling, and the other Sir
Iluiuphry Tavy." — Prof. Wilson: Blackwofxl's Mag., xxiv. S4S.
Read this very amusing review.
" We have been greatly delighted with this work."— £o7!. Monthly
Rerivw.
" The work is of a very superior character, elaborately written,
full of most ingenious thoughts, with some passages of a great
beauty." — Asiatic Jimrnal.
Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher,
Lon., 1S30, Svo: 5th ed., IS51, fp. Svo!
" Sir H. Davy has in this little work built up for himself a monu-
ment, which indicates not. indeed, the extent and the vast advan-
tages of his scientific research, but which exhibits the far more
interesting portrait of a man who holds in adequate estimation
the blessings of religion, and who endeavours to sustain it by the
suffrage of science— science so often a truant to this, the most im-
portant interest of mankind." — I-au. Monthly Review.
•■ Ap:irt from the scientific value of the laljours and researches
of Sir U. Davy, they are pervaded by a tone and temper, and an
DAV
DAW
enthiisinstic Inve of nature, which are as atlmirably expressed as
their intluouce is excellent.''
Eluinents of Agricultural Chemistry, in a Course of Lec-
tures to the Boani of Agriculture. Lon.. ISIH, Uu : 6th ed.,
revised by John Davy, M.D., 1839, Svo. By Shier, 1840;
new ed., 1850.
■' ^;^nl^ideli^g the ten years of research and niedifation which
the aiiilior has bestowed on the sulject. its execution has. on the
\\ Imli-, lalk-n short of our expectations." — EiJin. Jitvieiv. xxii. '2S0.
Kcnd this review; also one in the Lon. Quar. Rev.,xi. 313.
"The book enjoyed some little populaiify; but scarcely added
any thing to our previous stor-k <if knowIfd'_'e. It was hailed as a
grand beginning; but nearly half a century has not shown any
advancement. And this deficiency may not be owinp to any lack
of exeition. or remissness in using and connecting the kumvledtre
that exists on both sides; but from the impossible nature of the
eiiiplo\ inent that has been projected. AgricuUureand chemistry
arn cuiinected in the single article of manures only: the other uses
are very widely dillerent.'* — Dojiafdsoti^s Jgricult. BiCg.
A cuUective edition of Sir Humphry's Works, with his
Life, was pub., Lou., 1839-40. 9 vols. 8vo, by his brother.
Dr. John Davy. Contents: Vol. L Life. IL Early Mis-
cellaneous Papers. 1799-1805. III. iiesearches concern-
ing Nitrous Oxide, &c. IV. Elements of Chemical Phi-
losophy. V. Bakerian Lectures. VI. Miscellaneous Papers
and Researches, 1815-28. VIL, VIII. Agricultural Lec-
tures. IX. Salmonia; Consolations of Travel.
•'This collection, from its variety and interest, promises to bo
one of the most valuable repultlicalions of our time.'" — Lon. Spect.
Dr. Davy's Memoir of his brother is commended as
"A worthy record of the life of our great phiIoso|jher, and
should be studied by the youtli of England, that they may know
how nii^hly a power resides in the miud to conquer difficulties.' —
Brit<niina.
'This biography is admiralily written — correct details, full of
instruction, and amusing throughout.'' — Lon. Ji'' view.
Dr. Paris's Life of the philosopher, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo, has
been characterized as
" A durable monument to the memory of Sir Humphry Davy,
and to the talents of Dr. Pnri'J," — Lrm.. Grnl. Mag.
*" No one who reads this book, and studies the processes by which
Davy arrived at his grand results, will hesitate to place him in the
rank of immortal genius." — Spectator.
It would be difficult to exaggerate the value of Sir Hum-
phry's contributions to science. Whilst yet but a youth,
officiating as assistant to Dr. Beddoes,
" lie discovered the remarkable action of nitrous oxide, or laugh-
ing gas, on the system, and thus paved the way to the application
of those means now in use for alleviating pain in severe opera-
tions. . . . lu ISOti he made the important discovery that the com-
binations and decompositions by electi-irity are referable to the
law of electrical attractions and repulsions, and thus demonstrated
the intimate connection between electricity and chemistry. His
most brilliant discovery was, however, that of, in 1S07. the compo-
sition of the alkalies, which he proved to be combinations of oxy-
gen with metals. In 1810 he found chlorine to be a simple body,
in accordance with the view of Scheele, announced in the previous
century. His other discoveries were that of the Safety Lamp, ex-
hibiting a fine example of inductive reasoning; and his mode of
preventing the corrosion of copp'-r slu-athitig by the protecting in-
fluence of zinc." — R. DutTDAS Thumson, M.D., Ac, Prof. of C/teviis-
try, St. 'rJioinas's HnspHal Colhge, London.
'* Since the age of Sir Isaac Newton, the History of British
Science has recorded no discoveries of equ-al import,ance with
those of Sir Humphry Davy. The resrarches of Black. I'riestlcy,
and Cavendish, however important in Ib.-ir results, were less biil-
liant in their generalizations, less stiikin^' in their individual phe-
nomena, less indicative of iuvfutive talent, and less fruitful in
their practical applications. In placing Sir Humphry Davy, there-
fore, at the head of the British Chemists, we cannot anticipate
an appeal from our decision; — and if any dissenting voice shall
be raised, it will proceed only from the sinT.d rcci-sses of personal
esteem or family atTection." — E'linburijh Rrri.w. Ixiii. 101.
" Davy was the greatest chemical genius that ever appeared." —
M. DCMAS.
"Mr. Davy, not yet thirty-two years of age, occupied, in the
opinion of all that could judge of such labours, the first rank
among the chemists of this or of any other age; it remained for
him, by direct service rendered to society, to acquire a similar de-
gree of reputation in the minds of the general public." — Cuvicr's
Eloge of Sir H Davi/.
Davy, John* Serm. on the death of Prince George,
17 OS.
Davy, John, M.D.. brother of iSir Humphry. Ac-
count of the Interior of Ceylon, Lon.. 1S21, 4to.
'■This is an excellent work, though like many other works of
excellence, too bulky; its chief and peculiar merit and recom-
mendation consists in its details on the natural history of Cey-
lon."— Steven.<;on's Voyagfx and Trantx.
Researches, Physiological and Anatomical, 1.S39, 2 vols.
Svo. Notes and Observations on the Ionian Islands and
Malta, Ac, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
" Dr. Davy's work deserves to be bought as well as ijerused, so
carefully, completely, and extensively has it been got up. We
trust th.at the consciousness of having discharged such an import-
ant duty will not be the only result of his long labour, but that
the work will prove as remunerative as it ought to be." — Wfistmin-
eter I^Fview.
Lectures on the Study of Chemistry, in Connection veith
the Atmosphere, the Earth, and the Ocean; and Discourses
oD Agriculture, 18-19, 12mo.
" We have great pleasure in recommending this volume as an
excellent popular introduction to chemical studies." — Lon. Medi-
cal Giuftle.
For notices of Dr. Davy's Memoirs of his distinguished
brother, edit, of his works, Ac, see preceding article.
Davy, John, d. 1824, a musical composer. v?rote some
dramatic compositions. His best-known song is — Just like
L<tve is yonder Rose.
Davy, Mirhael. Tale of a Tub, Lon., 1674, fol.
Davy, Wni,, d. 1826, curate of Lustleigh, Ac. Sys-
tem of Divinity, Exeter, 1785, 6 vols. 12mo; 1825, 2 vols.
8vo; 1827, 3 vols. Svo. System of Divinity, Lustleigh,
17116-1807, 26 vols. Svo ; 14 copies only, which were printed
and bound by the author himself. Highly commended by
the Bishops of London, Durham, Bristol, and Norwich.
" In persevering industry, you are without a rival. In theologi-
cal knowledge there are not many who e'jual you, and the selec-
tions and arrangement of your work appear to me judicious." —
Bp. of Aorwich, in a Letter to Bev. W. Davy.
Davyes, Hatton. Serm. on Ephes. iv. 14, 1708, 4to.
Davyes, Thomas. The Tenth Worthy, or several
Anagrams on the name of that Worthy of Worthies, Oli-
ver Cromwell, 1G58. fol.
Davys, Sir John. See Daties.
Davys, John. Art of Decyphering, 1737, 4to.
Davys, Mrs. Mary. Works; consisting of Plays, No-
vels, Poems, and Familiar Letters, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo.
*' She was a correspondent of Dean Swift: and thirty-six letters
from him to her and her husband were, a few years ago, in the
hands of Dr. Ewen of Cambridge." — Bi' g.Dramat. .,
Dawbeny, H, Ilistorie, Ac, rel. to Cromwell, 1659, Svo.
Dawborn, Mrs. 1. Nursing. 2. Assistant, 1805, "06.
Dawc, Georg:e, d. 1829, an English painter, of whom
some account will be found in the Essays of Charles Lamb.
The Life of George Morlandj with Remarks on his Works,
1807, Svo.
Dau'c's, Jack, Prognostication for the Year 1623,
or Vox (Jraculi, 4to. This rare pamphlet was sold for
£5 9«. at the Gordonstouu sale.
Dawes. Four Sernis., 1773. Svo.
Dawes, John. Admeasurement, 1797, 12mo.
Dawes, Lancelot, 1580-1633. Serms.. 1614-33.
Dawes, M. 8erms., 1763. Phil. Consideration.s, 17S0.
Dawes, Matt. Crimes and Punishments, Lou., 1782.
Real Estates, 1814. Landed Property, 1S18. Arrests,
1787. Other works.
Dawes, Richard, 1708-1766, was educated at, and
became Fellow of, Emanuel College, Cambridge. He was
eminent for his critical knowledge of the Greek tongue,
which proficiency he perhaps over-estimated. He seems
to have been jealous of Dr. Bentley, and was guilty of the
absurdity of declaring that the doctor
" Nihil in Gracis cognovisse nisi ex indicibus petititum."
In 1745 Dawes pub. his Miscellanea Critica, Cambridge,
Svo ; new edit, by Bishop Burgess, Oxon., 1781 ; by Kidd,
Cantab., 1817.
" Second only to Bentley's Phalaris." — Porson.
" A work displaying considerable ingenuity and erudition." —
Lon. Quar. Bw.
Abroad it was highly commended by Valkener, Pierson,
Koen, and Reiskc. There is no doubt of the ^alue of this
work, especially with the improvements of the latter edits.;
but the authority of Dawes is by no means so great as it
was for some twenty years after the publication of his
canons. He has been proved to be often wrong, and an
erring dogmatist meets with but little mercy.
Daw'es, Rufus, b. 1803, in Boston, is the son of Judge
Thomas Dawes, whose name is enrolled among the poets
of America. In 1830 Rufus Dawes pub. The Valley of the
Nashaway and other Poems, aud in 1839 Atbenia of Da-
mascus, Geraldine, and his miscellaneous poetical works.
Nix's Mate, an historical romance, appeared in 1840. For
.'Specimens of Mr. Dawes's poetry, see Griswold's Poets aud
Poetry of America.
Dawes, Sir Thos. Title to certain Lands, 1654, fol.
Dawe.s, Thomas, 1757-1825. father of Rutus Dawes,
was Judge of the Municipal Court of Boston, and Judge
of Probate. He pub. some poetical compositions — see
KettcU's Specimens of American Poetry — an Oration on the
Boston Massacre, and an Oration on the 4th of July, 1787.
Dawes, Wni, Disp. Med. de Variolis, Lyons. 1680, 4to.
Dawes, Sir Wm., 1671-1724, a native of Essex, was
educated at St. John's College, Oxford, and Catherine Hall,
Cambridge; Master of Catherine Hall, 1696; Bishop of
Chester, 1707; Archbishop of York, 1714. An Anatomy
of Atheism; a Poem. Lon.. 1693, 4to. Serms. pub. sepa-
rately, 1707-13. Whole Works, with a Life, 1733, 3 vols.
iS5
DAW
8vo. Sir Win. was one of the most popular preachers of
his day.
" Dawes's sermoDS are plain and unaffected, and adapted to
eTery compreht-nsion." — Will/ord's Memnrials.
Dawkes, Thomas. Medical treatises, 173G, '44, '47-
Dawne, Derby, M.D. Health; a Poem,Lon.,1724,8vo.
Dawuey, Benj. Crit. Remarks upon the Epistles,
York, 17o5, 8vo. See Hume's Bibl. Bib.
Dawson* Paruch. Clergyman's Duty, 1716, Svo.
Dawsou. Appeitl in defence of Christianity, 1733.
Dawson, Rev. Abraham. Trans, of portions of
Genesis, 1763, '72, '86, 4to.
" In some passages he improves upon the common translation;
but on the whole his woiUs add nothin^j; of great importance to
our biblical apparatus." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Dawson, Ambrose, M.D. Profess, works, 1744-78.
Dawson, Benj., Rector of Burgh, d. 1814, aged 85.
He pub. some works on the " Confessional Controversy,"
and other treati;?es, sermons, Ac., 1767-1806. The Neces-
sitarian, 17S3, Svo. Now very rare. Philologia Aiiglicaj
or a philological and synonymical Dictionary of the Eng-
lish Language, Lon., 1806, 4to.
" A Tery operose specimen of what may be termed an annotated
edition of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary. The design is to strike out
the superfluities of Johnson, to correct his errors, to amend his
definitions, to vary his examples, and to supply his omissions." —
Dr. Drake.
Dawson, Birket. Serm., 1802, Svo.
Dawson, Charles. Analysis of Musical Composi-
tion. Lon., 1845, 12mo. Elements of Music, 1844, 12mo.
'• Teachers of music will find a library of useful knowledge in
Mr. Dawson's well-digested compendium; and we heartily recom-
mend it as a class-book to all engaged in the task of musical in-
struction."— MusicAtl RevifV}, April 13, 1844.
Dawson, Eli. Serm., 1760. 4to.
Dawson, G. Pearson, M.D. Walcheron Diseases,
1810. A Nosological Practice of Physic, Lon., Svo.
"This volume contain.s, we will ventui-e to say. more correct
pathology and sound practice than any systematic work of the same
Bize in the English hinguage." — Johnson'sMcd.-Chirurg. Review.
Dawson, George. OrigoLegum; or a Treatise of the
Origin of Laws, and their obliging power, Lon. 1694, fol.
DaAVSon, Rev. George, b. 1821, in London, has be-
come distinguished as a literary lecturer. Several articles ,
which appeared in the Birmingham Mercury were attri-
buted to his pen. See Uilfillan's Second Gallery of
Literary Portraits.
Dawson, Henry. Serm., 1777, 12mo.
Dawson, J. II. Law rel. to Attornics. Ac, Lon., 1830.
Dawson, John. Eighteen Serms., Lon., 1642, 4to,
Dawson, John. Small Pox. &.C., 1781, '85.
Dawson, John. Serm.. 1791, Svo.
Dawsou, John. Lexicon Novi Testamcnti, Lon.,
1709, Svo. Also pub. in Greek and English by AV, C. Tay-
lor, 1831, Svo.
Dawson,John,1734-1820,an eminent mathematician,
had controversies with Emerson, Stewart, and Wildbore.
Dawson, Thos. The Good Husiuve's JeweU. In two
parts, Lon., 1596, "97, 16uio.
Dawson, Thomas. Memoirs of St. George, the Eng-
lish Patron ; and of the Order of the Garter, Lon., 1714, Svo.
Dawson, Thomas. Dissertations on Biblical Sub-
jects. Lon., 1727, Svo.
'■ It is not a book of much importance." — Ormc^s Bihl. Bib.
Dawson, Thomas, M.D. Profess, treatises. 1744, '82.
Dawson, W. C. Laws of Georgia, 1831, 4to.
Dawson, Wm. Serm. on Phik iv. 13, Svo.
Dawson, Wm, Atheist; a Phil. Poem, 1723, 4to.
Dawson, Wm. Poetry of Nations. 1814, Svo.
Dax, Thomas. Offices of the Masters, Lon., 1844,
12mo. Other legal treatises.
Day. Report for Committee of Survey IT. Commons,
and a Charge to the Grand Jury of the county of Dublin.
Day, Angel. English Secretorie, Lon., 1586, 4to.
Day, Charles W« Five Years in the West Indies,
Lon., 2 vols.
■• It would be unjust to deny the vigour, brilliancy, and varied
ioterest of this work, the abundant stores of anecdote and inte-
rest, and the copious detail of local habits and peculiarities in each
island visited in succession." — Lon. Globe.
Day, G. E. Diseases of Old Age, Ac, Lon., 1843, Svo.
Amer. ed., Phil., 1849, Svo.
Day, Harry. Stock Companies, 1808, Svo.
Day, Henry. Serm., 1696. 4to.
Day, Henry N"., b. 1808, in Connecticut, grad. at Tale
College, 1828 ; Prof, of Rhetoric at Western Reserve Col-
lege, 1840. Art of Elocution. Art of Rhetoric, 1850, 12rao.
" I am now usinf;: It. with vi-ry [;rrat sjitisfiiction. in the instruc-
tion of my classes." — John W. I'ratt, Pr'f. •>/ RhiU^ric in the Uni-
versity of Alabama.
Prof. Day has contributed to numerous journals.
DAY
Day, Henry T. Serms. at Mendlcshara, Lon., 1838,
12mn. Algcr^ife and other Poems, 1838. 12mo.
Day, J. Stories for the Young, 1807, 12mo.
Day, James. Divine Poetrie, Lon., 1637, 4to.
Day, Jeremiah, LL.D., late President of Tale Col-
le-^-e, was l»orn in Watshington. Connecticut, August 3. 1773.
Author of Introduction to Algebra for the Use of Colleges.
A Course of Mathematics for Colleges, embracing the fol-
lowing works: Principles of Plane Trigonometry, Mensu-
ration, Navigatinn, and Surveying. These works have
been extensively used in the Colleges throughout the U. S,
Inquiry Respecting Contingent Volition, 12mo. Exami-
nation of Edwards on the Will, 12mo.
Day, Rev. John, 1566-1627, son of John Day, the
famous English printer. Twelve Serms., 1615, 4to. Con-
eiones ad Clernm, Oxf., 1612, '15. Day's Dyall; 12 Lec-
tures, 1614. Comm. on the first 8 Psalms of David, 1620, 4to.
Day, John, of Caius College, Cambridge. The Isle
of Guls, Lon., 1606, 4to; 1633. Travels of the three bro-
thers Shirley, 1607, 4to. Law Nicks, 1608, 4to. Humour
out of Breath; a Comedy, 1608, 4to. The Parliament of
Bees, 1640, 4to. The Blind Beggar nf Bedual Green, 1659,
4to. Vindication of John Day, 1646, 4to.
'■•A flourishing poet and comedian of his time." — WooD. Sea
BioL'. I)rani:it.
Day, Joseph. Exam, of Attornics, kc, Lon., 1795, 4to.
Day, llev. Lionel, son of John Day, the famous Eng-
lish printer. Concio ad Clerum, Oxon., 1632, fol.
Day, Martha, 1813-1833. was a daughter of President
Day of Tale College. She attained great proficiency in
mathematics and the languages, and wrote poetry of un-
common merit. A collection of her Literary Remains, with
Memorinls of her Life and Character, was pub. at New Ha-
ven by Prof. Kingsley.
" Her poems were buds of promise, which justified the anticipsr
tions that were entertained of her eminence in literature." — Uris-
wold's Fenwle /lif/.t of America.
Day, Martin, " that learned and judicious divine.**
22 Serms., Lon., 1632, 4to. Some of his serms. are in the
collection entitled The House of Mourning, 1660, fol.
Day, Matthew. Excerptain sexprioreslibros Homeri
Iliiidns, Lon., 16.i2, 12mo.
Day, Rev. Riehard, son of John Day, the famou*
English printer, was also a printer as well as a clergyman.
He wrote some verses, Contra Papistos Incendiaros, in
Fox's Martyrology, 1676 ; and trans. Fox's De Christo tri-
umphante Coni^'edia, to which he wrote a preface and two
dedications. The father of the three clergymen just no-
ticed— John Day — contributed essentially to the promotion
of the English Refurmation by his editions of the Bible,
Fox's Martyrs, Ascham's and other works.
" As a printer, Kichard Day justly merits the honour of attempt-
ing a tieneral reform in the distinct use of the letters j' and i, v,
and u. whii-h he observed in P. Baro's Treatises. De Fide. Ac."
Day, Richard. Petition to Parliament, 1652. 4to.
Day, Hon. Robert. Free Thoughts, in Defence of
a Future State, Lon.. 1700, Svo.
Day, Robert. Serm., 1779, Svo.
Day, Sanniel Phillips, formerly a monk of the or-
der of the Presentation. Monastic Institutions; their ori-
gin, progress, nature, and tendency, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo;
2a cd., 1846. Life in a Convent, 1848, 12mo.
Day, Thomas, 1748-1789. a philanthropist, poet, and
political writer. The Dying Negro. 1773; in conjunction
with Mr. Bicknell; intended to promote the abolition of
slavery. The Devoted Legions; a Poem against the war
with America, 1776. The Desolation of America; a Poem,
1777. Letters of Marius, 1784, Svo. Reflections on the
Present State of England and the Independence of Ame-
rica, 1782, Svo.
"From the inflexible spirit of the Americans, and their detei^
mined resolution to be free, Mr. Pay pives it as his opinion that
America ouixht to be declared independent. He conceives that
great advantaj^es will result from this measure, and his reasonin;;s
are solid and well supported. He afBrms that Knjrland ought to
yield with magnanimity what she cannot withhold by arms." —
Lon. Mimthlr/ JCfvuv.:
History of Sandford and Merton, 1783-89, 3 vols. 12mo.
This is a deservedly popular work. It was trans, into
French by M. Berquin. History of Little Jack. Other
publications. See Account of his Life and Writings by
James Kcir, Lon., 1791, Svo.
"The pool of mercenary and time-serving ethics was first blown
over by the fre.sh country breeze of Mr. Day's Sandford and Mer-
ton, a production that I well remember, and shall ever be grateful
for. ... It assisted the cheerfulness I inherited from my father;
showed me that circumstances were not a check to a healthy gayely,
or the most masculine self-respect ; and helped to supply me with
a resolution of standing by a principle, not nu-rely as a point of
lowly or lofty sacrifice, but as a matter of common sense and duty,
and a simple co-operation with the elements of natural warfare." —
L£IGH UUKT.
DAY
DEC
Day, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1772, '85.
Day, Hon. Thomas, 1777-1855, a native of Con-
necticut. Reports of Cases, Ac. Supreme Court of Errors
of Conn. 1814 to '28 inc., 6 vols. 8vo. A Digest of Re-
ported Cases of Sup. Court of Errors of Conn, from 17S6
to 1829. Svo. His vols, of Reports amount to 26, besides
Digests to most of the series. He also edited several Eng-
lish law-works, in all about 40 vols.
Day, Valentine. Serm., Lon., 1818, Svo.
Day, Wm. 1. Isaiah. 2. Romans, 1654, '6fi.
Day, Wni. Man's Dcstructiou, Lon., 1713, 12mo.
Day, Wm. The Shepherd's Boy : Pastoral Tales, 1S04.
Day, Wni. Slavery in America Shown to be Peculiarly
Abominable, Lon., 1841, Svo. Punctuation Reduced to a
System: 6th ed., 1853, ISmo.
" Mr. Day has laboured with success; and hia little book should
be read attentivelv." — T}ie Critic.
Daye, Eliza. Poems, 179S, Svo.
Daye, James. Serms.. 1752, 4to.
Daycs, Etiward. Works. Lon., 1805, 4to. Contains
an excursion through Derbyshire and Yorkshire, with notes
by E. W. Braylcy; essays on painting; instructions for
drawing and colouring, and professional sketches of modern
artists.
Dayrell, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1759, 4to.
Deacon,Aug. Elementsof Perspec. Drawing,lS41,Svo.
*' A well-reasoned and dearly-written pamphlet." — Lcn. Exam.
Deacon, D. D., Jr. Poem.s Chesterf, 1790, 4to.
Deacon, E. E. Game Laws, Lon., 1831, Svo. L. and
P. of Bankruptcy, 2d ed.. 1846, 2 vols. Svo. Crim. Law.
1836, 2 vols. Svo. Coses in Bankruptcy, 1837-41, 4 vols,
r. Svo. Guide to Magis., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. Deacon, E. E.,
and Chitty, Ed., Rejiorls in Bankruptcy, 1S33-37, 4 vols.
Deacon, H. Treat, on the V. Disease, 1789, Svo.
Deacon, John. Godlie Serm., Lon., 1586, Svo.
Deacon, John. Tobacco tortured in the filthy Fumes
of Tobacco refined, Lon., 1616, 4to. Treatise of the Flux,
1657, 12mo.
Deacon, John. Theolog. treatises. Discourses of
Spirits and Devils, by John Duncan and John Walker,
1601, 4to.
Deacon, John. Charge and Sermon, 1786, Svo.
Deacon, John. Hymns and Psalms, ISOl, ISmo.
Deacon, Thomasi Theolog. publications, Lon.,
1734-48.
Deacon, W.F. Annette; a Tale; with a memoir of
the author by Hon. Sir T. N. Talfourd, Lon., 1853, 3 vols.
"It has enouphinit of life and interest to keep it for some years
to cnme in request.'* — Lon. Eramini'r.
Deacon, Wm. Justification by Faith, 1794, 4to.
Deacon, Wm. Stage Waggons, do., 1S07.
Deakin, Richard, M.D. Florigraphia Britannica,
Lon.. 1S37-41. 4 vols. Svo.
Dcaltry, R. B. Serm., 1782, 4to.
Dealtry, Robt. Monody; Elegy, 1809, 4to.
Dcaltry, Wm., 1775-1847, Archdeacon of Surrey.
Fluxions, 1810, Svo; 1816. See Quart. Rev. Serms., Ac,
1810-46.
Dean, Amos, b. 1S0.3. Lectures on Phrenology, Svo,
pp. 252, 1835. Philosophy of Human Life, Svo, pp. 300,
1839. Manual of Law, Albany, 1S38. Svo. Principles of
Medical Jurisprudence, Albany, 1850, pp. 664, Svo.
" The design appears to hare been well executed.'— ^uitr. Law
Journal.
" \Vhatever may be deficient in the work of Dr. Beck, will be
found amply supplied in the one of which the title is placed at the
head of this article." — U. S. Lav> Mag.
See also Western Law Journal and The Law Reporter.
Dean, G. A. Construction of Farm Buildings and
Labourers' Cottages, Lon., 1S50, r. Svo.
" This work is on an extensive and improved scale, and its merit
is very considerable."— Z>'ynaWsow's Agricult. Btng.
Dean, John. Legerdemain, Lon., 1622, 12mo.
Dean, John. His Sufl'erings, Ac, Lou., 1711, Svo.
Falsification of the above by Chris. Longman, N. Miller,
and G. White. 1711, Svo.
Dean, John. Account of Ship Sussex, 1740, Svo.
Dean, Rev. Rd. Future Life of Brutes, 1768, 2 vols.
Dean, S. Swedenborg's writings, 1802. Serms., 1795.
Deane, Edmond, b. 1572. Spadacrene Anglica, or
the English Spa-Fontaine, Lon., 1626, 4to.
" A learned and ingenious treatise." — Bishop Nicolson
Admiranda Cliymica, Frankf., 1630, Svo. On Harrow-
gate Water, York, 1654, Svo.
Deane, Henry. Letter to Bp. of Salisb., 1S45, Svo.
Deane, Rev. J. Serpent-Worship, Lon., 1832, 4to.
Deane, John. Letter from Moscow, Lon., 1699, fol.
Deane, Richard. Baptism. Lon., 1693, 12mo.
Deane, Saml., D.D., minister of Portland, Maine, d.
1814, aged about 73. New England Farmer, or Georgical
Diet., 2d ed., 1797, Svo. Serms., 1794, '95.
Deane, Silas, d. 1789, minister of the U. States to
Fr.ance. Address to the Independent Citizens of the U.
States. Letters to Hon. Robt. Morris. New London, 17S4,
sm.4to; Lon., Svo. Deane's vindication from alleged mis-
management of the public funds will be found here. The
New London ed. contains matter not in the London ed.
Deane's intercepted Letters to his brother and others were
pub. in 1782. He died in great poverty at Deal in Eng-
land. See Warren's Amer. Rev. : Marshjill : Gordon.
Dearborn, Gen. Henry Alexander Scammell,
178.3-1S51. b. .It Exeter. N.ll.. sun uf Gen. Dearborn, of
the American Revolution. 1. Memoir on the Commerce
of the Black Se.a, Boston, 1S19, 2 vols. Svo, and 1 vol. 4to
of Maps. 2. Letters on the Internal Improvements and
Commerce of the West, 1S39, Svo. 3. Biography of Com-
modore Bainbridge. 4. Memoir of his Father. He left
in MS. A Diary in 45 vols., a Memoir of his Father-in-
law, Col. Wm. R. Lee, and a History of the Battle of
Bunker's Hill.
Deare, James. Trans, of Virgil's Georgics, 1808.
Dearing, or Deering, Sir Edward, was first a re-
publican, subsequently a zealous supporter of K. Cbas. I.
Collection of Speeches in matters of Religion, Lon., 1642,
4to. Character of Maria, his late lady, 1601, Svo. Soma
of his speeches. Ac. were pub. separately, 1641-44.
Dearie, Ediv. Sure Guide for Youth, 1791, Svo.
Dearn, T. D. W. Works on Architecture, 1807, '09,
'11, '21. Hist. Topog., and Descrip. Account of the Weald
of Kent, 1814, Svo.
Dearsly, H. R. Drtiinage Act, 10 and 11 Vict., Lon..
1847, 12ino. Law of Banks and Bankers, with Charter)
*fec. of Ek. of Eng.
Deas, Geo., and Jas. Anderson. Cases decided
in Ct. of Session, Jury Ct,, and H. Ct. of Just., 1829-32,
Edin., 1829-33, 5 vols. Svo.
Deasc, Wm. Med. treatises, Dubl., and Lon., 1776-Sd.
Dcason, T. Serm. on Death, 1799, Svo.
Deason, Wm. See Deacon.
Debary, Rev. Thos. Notes of a Residence in the
Canary Islands, the South of Spain, and Algiers, Lon.,
1851, 12nH..
Debdin, Waldron. Compendious Hist, of the Eng-
lish Stage, ISOO.
Debenham, Thos. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1751.
Debords, Lewis. Serm.. 1723, Svo.
De Bow, James D. B., was born in Charleston,
S. C, 1820; graduated at Charleston Coll., 1S42; removed
to New Orleans, 1845. Professor of Political Economy
and Statistics in the University of Louisiana, 1847. Edited
the Southern Quarterly Review, 1843^5. Originated De
Bow's Monthly Review at New Orleans, 1846, which he still
conducts. Author of Industrial Resources and Statistics
of the Southern and Western States, 1853, 3 vols. Svo. Two
ye.ars Superintendent of the United States Census at Wash-
ington. Compiled 3 vols, of the Statistics, the quarto edi-
tion, and the Compendium of the Census, 1854. Also the
volume of Mortality, Statistics, Ac.
Dcbraw, John. Sex of Bees, Lon., 1777. Svo.
Debrett, John. New Foundling Hospital, Lon., 1784,
12mo. State Papers, 1791-1803; pub. in 11 vols. Svo. Par-
liamentary Papers, 1797, 3 vols. Svo. New Baronetage of
England, 1803, 2 vols. ISmo; new ed. by G. W. Collen,
1840, Svo. Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
Lon., 1809, 2vols. 12mo; IBth ed., 1826; new ed. by G. W.
Collen, 1849, r. Svo. Asylum for Fugitive Pieces in Prose
and Verse, 4 vols. 12mo.
Decan. Latin Syllables, Lon., 1784, Svo.
De Charms, Richard, b. 1796, at Philadelphia, a
Swedenborgian divine, has contributed to the literature of
his Church, and edited several of its periodicals. He ia
the author of The New Churchman Extra, Sermons, Lec-
tures, &c.
De Chemant, D. Artificial Teeth, 1798.
Decker, Sir Matthew, an English merchant. Causes
of the Decline of the Foreign Trade, Lon., 1 744, 4to ; Edin.,
1766, 12mo. Considerations on High Duties, Lon., 1743,
Svo. Fauquier ascribes the first tract to a Mr. Richardson,
See McCuIloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Sir M. D.'s
Scheme for a Tax on Houses Laid open, 1757, Svo.
Decker, P. Chinese Architecture, Lon., 1795, 4to.
Decker, Dekkar, Derkar, or Dekker, Thomas,
acquired some celebrity among the wits of the reign of
James I. as a writer of plays and tracts upon the vices and
customs of the age. He wrote plays in conjunction with
Webster, Rowley, Ford, and Jonson. It chanced, how-
DEC
DEF
ever, that "Rare Ben" quarrelled with him.and, it was sup-
posed, wont so far as to ridieule him under the character
of Crispinus in the "Poetaster." But Mr. Gilchrist has
proved that Marston was intended by this personage. How-
ever, Decker displayed Jonson to the amusement of the
town, in his piece of Satiro-Mastii. or the Untrus?ing of
the humourous Poet. Ben here figures as Horace Junior
—he had asjiumed the name of Horace — and his allusions
to Decker's ill-favoured Tisage are thus repaid:
"You starine: Leviathan! look on the sweet Tis,H}^e of Horace:
lonk. parboiled face: look — he has not his faco puncht fuUof eylet
holes. like the cover of a warminir pan!"
Jonson replied in an address to the Reader introduced
in the 4to ed. of his play, styling Decker The UntrnsHer.
Decker's plays amount to twenty-ei^ht, and his tracts to
about five-and-twenty. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Drake's
Shakspeare and his Times ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry ;
Bibl. Anglo-Poet.: Collier's Hist, of Eng. Dramat. Poet
His best-known plays are Fortunatus, or the Wishing Cap :
and The Honest Whore; and his best-known tract is The
Gull's Horn Book, of which a new ed. was pub. in 1S12,
Bristol, 4to, edited by Dr. Nott.
" His ' Gul's Home Booke, or fashions to please all sorts of Guls,'
first printed in 1609. exhiliits a very curious, minute, and interest-
ing picture of the manners and habits of the middle class of so-
ciety, and on this account will be hereafter frequently referred to
in these paces." — Drake's Sliaksp-^are oml fits Times.
Sir Walter Scott draws largely from the Gull's Horn
Book, in his description of London life, in The Fortunes
of Nigel. Decker is supposed to have died about 16.'i9.
De Clarovade, E. Watchman's Alarm, or the Bur-
den of EuLrland. Ireland, and Scotland. Lon.. inifi, 4to.
De Clifford, Lord, Letter to Electors, 1790. 8vo.
De Coetlo^oD, Charles E., an English Calvinist
divine of French descent, d. 1820. Sermons, &c., Lon.,
1776-1818.
"The matter of his discnurses was replete with ineenious illus-
tration, sound argument, and pointed application." — Mid'Utlfm''s
JCccl^SHlst iri tl Mf m oirs.
De Coetlogon, Dennis, M.D. Profess, and other
publications, Lon. 1739-46. Universal Diet, of Arts and
Sciences. Lon.. 1745, 2 vols. fol.
De Coignet, P. Befut. of Cotton's Letter for the
Jesuits' killing of kings, Ifill.
De Courcy, Richard, Vicar of St. Alkmond, d. 1803.
Theolog. treatises, 1776-1810.
"His sermons were in laniriiafre ditrnilied. in reasnninp perspi-
cuous, embellished by apposite allusions, and ornamented with
many of the ^traces of oratory." — Lnn. Gent. Mug.
De Crespigny, Caroline. Visions of Great Men
and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. Enchanted Rose, from
Schultz, 1844, p. 8vo. My Souvenir,* or Poems and Trans-
lations. 1844. 8vo.
" She appt^ars to have resided lonpr abroad, and to have caught
Bomethinir of the earnest and profound, yet mystical, feeling that
pervades the poetry of Germany." — Britavnia.
De Crespigny, Mrs, Champion. The Poor Sol-
dier; inscribed to Mrs. C, Lon., 1780. 4(o. Letters of
Advice, 180:i. 8vo. Monody on the Death of Lord C, 1810.
Dedc, James, English Botanist's P. Companion,
1809.
Dee, Arthur, son of the famous John Dee. was phy-
sician to Charles I. Fasciculus Chymicus, Ac, 16;'.l,12mo.
trans, into English by James Hnsolle, [i'. e. Elias Ashmole,]
1650. 12mo. See AsnMOi.K. Eltas.
Dee, John, 1527-1608, was one of the most remark-
able characters of a remarkable acre. His genius was of
so comprehensive a description, that he could alternately
devote his attention to the speculations of philosophy, the
lessons of divinity, the problems of mathematics, the ex-
periments of chemistry, the mysteries of astrology, and the
incantations of magic. When only 15. he was, he tells us,
"meetly well furnished with understanding of the Latin
tongue," and entering St. John's College, Cambridge, '* I
was so vehemently bent to study, that for these years
[1543-45] I did inviolably keep this order: only to sleep
four hours every night; to allow to meat and drink, and
some refreshments after, two hours every day: and of the
other eighteen hours, all, except the time of going to, and
being at. the divine service, was spent in my studies and
learning."
In 1547 he visited Flanders, and on his return was made
Fellow of Trinity College. His devotion to astronomy
drew upon him the suspicion of being a reader of the st^rs,
and he found it expedient to return to the University of
Louvain, where he became highly distinguished. He sub-
sequently visited Paris, and delivered lectures upon Eu-
clid, which gave so much satisfaction that he was invited
to accept the mathematical professorship of the University,
In 1551 he returned to England, where he was warmly
received; but soon fell into trouble, being suspected of
favouring the cause of the Princess Elizabeth and prac-
tising against Queen Mary's life by enchantments. Unable
to convict him of this crime, or of heresy, his prosecutors
set him at liberty, and in a few months afterwards (Jan.
15. 1556) he evinced his zeal for learning by presenting a
supplication to Queen Mary for the recovery and preserva-
tion of ancient writers and monuments. Upon the acces-
sion of Elizabeth he would certainly have received sub-
stantial marks of her regard — for she treated him with
great respect at different times during her reign — but the
public insisted that he was too intimate with the great
enemy ; and even went so far as to break into his house dur-
ing his absence from the kingdom, and destroy his mathe-
matical instruments and many of his books. As the people
would have it that he was a magician, Dee seems now to
have imbibed the same opinion, and forming a copartner-
ship with Edward Kelley and the Count Laski. a Polish
n<d)k'man, he professed to hold communion with spirits.
For further particulars respecting this extraordinary cha-
racter and his writings, the reader must consult the works
indicated below. The philosopher suffered much in the
latter part of his life from the privations incident to ex-
treme poverty. His talents and acquirements were great.
The mathematical notes to Sir Henry Billingsley's trans,
of Euclid, pub. in 1570. fol., would have done credit to
any scholar of the age; the Memorials pertayning to the
perfect Arte of Navigation. 1577, fol., display the hand of
a master, and the reformation of the calendar entitles him
to the gratitude of posterity. See Life by Smith in VitEe
Eruditissimorum Virorum, and in Hearne's Joan. Confra-
tis ct Monachi Glastoniensrs Chronica, 2 vols. 8vo, 1726.
Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. : Niceron, vol. i. ; Lysons's En-
virons; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; A Relation of what passed
for many years between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits :
as also "the Letters of sundry great Men and Princes to
said Dr. Dee ; with a Preface by Meric Casaubon, D.D.,
1659, fol. A copy of this curious work, which excited
much attention at the time of its publication, is worth
about £5. In 1842 the Cambridge Society pub. The Pri-
vate Diary of Dr. John Dee. with a Catalogue of his Li-
brary of Scientific MSS. This was edited by one of the
most eminent antiquaries of our own day — James Orchard
Halliwell. Esq.
Deeble, \Vm. Thanet and the Cinque Ports, 2 vols.
Deems, Charles F., D.D., b. at Baltimore, 1820;
graduated at Dickinson College. 1839 ; Professor in the
University of N. Carolina, 1842; Prof, of Chemistry in
Randolph Macon Coll., 1848; President of Greensboro'
Coll.. 1850; President of Centenary Coll., 1854. Author
of — 1. Triumjih of Peace, and other Poems. 2. Devotional
Melodies. 3. Twelve College Sermons. 4. Life of Rev.
Dr. Clarke. 5. Home Altar. 6. What Now? Edite.l 5
volumes of Southern Methodist Pulpit. Contrib. to the
Gentleman's Magazine, Southern Methodist Quarterly, and
other journals.
Deering, Charles, M.D.. a native of Saxony, settled
in England, and d. at Nottingham in 1749. Smallpox,
Lon., 1737, 8vo. Cat. of Planls, 1738, 8vo. Nottingham!
vetus et nova. Nottingham, 1754, 4to.
Deering, Edward, a Puritan divine, d. 1576; Rec-
tor of Pluckley. 1569; of Salisbury, 1571. He was an
eloquent preacher and a warm disputant. Workes, 1614.
Pub. separatelv. 1568-90.
Dcering, Sir Edward. See Bearing.
Deering, Nathaniel, a native of Portland. Maine,
graduated at Harvard College in 1810. He is the author
of two five-act tragedies, Carobasset, or The Last of the
Norridgewocks : and Bozzaris.
Deering, Richard, a musical composer and organist
to Q. Henrietta Maria. See John Playford's Cantica Sacra,
1674, fob, for some of his compositions.
Dees, R. D. Insolvent Debtors, Lon.. 1843, 12mo.
De Foe, Daniel, 1661-1731, was a son of James
Foe. (the son prefixed a De to his name,) a butcher of St.
Giles, Cripplcgatc. London. Educated among the Dis-
senters, he was intended for a Presbyterian minister; but
we find him first a political author, (in 1683) then a sol-
dier, as an adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, and subse-
quentlv a hosier, a tilemakcr. and a woollen merchant, in
i^uccession. The publication referred to above is the Trea-
tise against the Turks, which was intended to support the
cause of the Austrian,s. His e.xcellent treatise, called an
Essay upon Projects, appeared in 1697. In 1699 he pub.
n poetical satire entitled The True-born Englishman, a
defence of King William and the Dutch. This was sue-
DEF
DEF
cessful, and gave the author a great reputatinn. Three
years later, the publication of The Shortec^t Way with the
Dis.senters, involved De Foe in great trouble.
" In this pl.i> ful piece of irony, the author ^rravely pmpnsecl. as
the easiest and speediest way of riddint; the land nf l)issent<'rs. to
hang their ministers and banish the people. Hut huth Church-
men and Disseuteiti viewed the whole in a serious li;iht ; and while
many of the former applauded the authfir as a staunch and worthy
Churchman, as many of the latter, filled with apprehensions dire,
began to prepare for Tyhurn and f^niithfield."'
The High Church party, however, were not disposed to
tolerate irony; the House of Commons dix-Iarcd the book
a libel, and ordered it to be burnt by the hands of the
common hangman ; and the zealous polemic was invited to
assume a prominent position in the pillory. Pope thus
refers to this unpalatable exaltation :
" Earless on hi[j;h stood unabashed Be Foe." — Diivdad.
The sufferer himself displayed his equanimity by indit-
ing a hymn to the pillory, which he describes aa
" A hieroi^lyphic state-machine
Condemned to punish fancy in."
Whilst imprisoned in Newgate, where he was confined
for two years, he pub. a periodical paper called The Re-
Tiew. In 1706 he again entered the p(ditieal field by his
Essay at removing Prejudices against an Union with Scot-
land, and in 1709 pub. his celebrated History of the Union.
The last of his political tracts was An Appeal to Honour and
Justice, intended a? a hint to the House of Hanover of the
obligations due to the neglected writer. A proper reward
for his services would have been very acceptable to tlie
author, for he seldom prospered in trade, and often knew
the bitterness of pecuniary embarrassment. Among his
best-known works, which amount in number to at least
210 — Wilson thinks some have escaped him, and see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., Watt's Bibl., and Biog. Brit. — are
the following: Robinson Crusoe, (first pub. in 1719;) A
New Voyage round the World ; The Life of Captain Sin-
gleton ; The Adventures of Roxana ; the Hist, of Duncan
Campbell; The Life uf Moll Flanders: The Life of Colo-
nel Jack: The I^Iemoirs of a Cavalier during the Civil
Wars in England ; Religious Courtship ; A Journal of the
Plague in 1665 ; The Political Hist, of the Devil and A
System of Magic; A Relation of the Apparition of one
Mrs. Veal ; A Tour through England and Scotland ; An
Essay on the Treaty of Commerce with France ; A Plan
of the English Commerce; Giving Alms no Charity. Of
the last two works an eminent authority remarks :
"The Plan of the Ent^lish Commerce is full of information ; and,
thoujrh desultory, is ably written, and contains sundry p-issapes
in which the iuliuence of trade and industry in promoting the
well-beinj; of the labouring classes and the public wealth is set in
the most striking point of view. . . . Giving .ilms no Charity is
written with considerable cleverness. . . . But thesi' arguments
are not so conclusive as some have supposed. . . . The truth is.
that in matters of this sort De Foe was quite as prejudiced and
purblind as the bulk of those around him. He had not read, or
if he had read, he had plainly, at all events, profited nothing by,
the conclusive reasonings in the Tract on the East Tndia Trade,
previously referred to. See p. 100." — McCtiWtch''!iLit.of PnUt. Ecmi.
Another authority entitled to great respect, remarks:
*' As a commercial writer, De Foe is fairly entitled to stand in
the foremost rank among his contemporaries, whatever may be
their performances or their fame. . . . His distinguishing charac-
teristics are originality and depth. He has many sentiments with
regard to traffick. which are scattered through his Keviews. and
which I never read in any other book.'" — George Oialmers's Life
of Dc Foe. Urn. 1790, 8vo.
An ed. of the novels of De Foe was pnb. in Edinburgh
in ISin, 12 vols. 8to. Works, with Mem^.ir of his Life and
Writings by W. Hazlitt, Lon. 1840-4.3, 3 vols. Svo. Mis-
cellaneous Works, with Memoir. Literary Prefaces, Illus-
trative Notes. Ac. by Sir Walter Scott and others, (Tal-
boy's ed.,) O-xford, 1840-41, 20 vols. 12mo. This ed. is
now very scarce. It was pub. at £5. The reader must
not fail to procure that interesting work. The Life and
Times of Daniel De Foe, with Review of his Writings and
Opinions on Important Matters, by Walter Wilson, Lon.
1S30, 3 vols. Svo.
'• I have given your volumes a careful perusal, and they have
taken their degree of classical books on my shelveg. De Foe was
always my darling: but what darkness was I in as to far the larger
part of his writings! I have now an epitome of them all." — C.Lamb.
Before quoting some testimonies to De Foe's general
merits as an author, and notices of particular works, it will
he only proper to cite some opinions upon that delightful
romance — among the first and last of our literary luxuries
— Robinson Crusoe.
'• De Foe has been charcred with surreptitiously appropriating
the papers of Alexander Selkirk to the formation of his celebrated
work; but the charge, thouizh repeatedly and confidently brought,
appears to be destitute of foundation." — Park.
Howell's Life and Adventures of Selkirk must not be
neglected by the reader.
" .\s this is the latest, so it is the most authentic, account of
Selkirk, and embraces a variety of particulars relating to his per-
sonal history, never before communicated to the public. It is an
elegant little volume, and will be read with interest by every ad-
mirer of Robinson Crusoe." — Wilsnns Mvmoir of Daniti De the.
Other accounts of Selkirk will be found in his own nar-
ration, entitled Providence Displayed, printed from Capt.
Woodes Rogers's Cruising Voyage round the World, 1712.
See Isaac James's publication of Providence Displayed,
Lon., 1800, 12mo— in Capt. Edw. Cooke's Voyage, 1712,
p. 34; in the Englishman, by Sir Rd. Steele, No. 26; and
in Collet's Relics of Literature, 341-44.
Robinson Crusoe first appeared in a periodical publico,
tion entitled The Original London Post, or Heathcote's
Intelligencer, Nos. 125 to 289 inclusive, in 1719. Its suc-
cess was so great, that four edits, were pub., 3 in 2 vols.
Svo, and an abridgt. in 12mo. in the same year. In 1720,
Svo, appeared Serious Reflections during the Life and Ad-
ventures of Robinson Crusoe : with his Vision of the An-
gelic World. This was intended as a third vol. to Robin-
son Crusoe, but was not so well received. Of the many
eds. of Crusoe, we may especially notice Tyas's illustrated
one. pub. in about 40 Nos., with engravings from designs
! by Granville, and an ed. of 1S20, 2 vols. 8vo, with engrav-
' ings by Charles Heath, from designs by Mr. Stothard,
I " If ever the late Mr. Stothard entered more warmly upon any
one of his labours than another, these illustrations to Koldnson
Crusoe have that honour; composed at a time when he was in
' fullest possession of his powers, there is a charm about them
i which no other book illustrations possess. They are as unique in
! their way as the book they adorn."
I " Robinson Crusoe must be allowed, by the most rigid moralist.*!,
! to be one of those novels which one may read, not only with plea-
\ sure, but also with profit. It breathes throughout a spirit of
I piety and benevolence: it sets in a very striking light the im-
i portance of the mechanic arts, which they who know not what it
1 is to be without them are apt to undervalue. It fixes in the mind
a lively idea of the horrors of solitude, and, consequently, of the
I sweets of social life, and of the lilessings we derive from conversa-
tion and mutual aid; and it shows how by labouring with one's
own hands, one may secure independence, and open for one's self
many sources of health and amusement, I agree, therefore, with
Rousseau, that this is one of the best books that can be put into
the hands of children.'" — Dr. BealUe's Mural and Critical Dmer-
tatifms.
We quote from Rousseau's opinion, referred to by Dr.
Beat tie :
'* As we must have hooks, there is one already written, which,
in my opinion, affords a complete treatise on natural education.
This book shall be the first P^milius shall read; in this, indeed,
will, for a long time, consist his whole library, and it will always
hold a distinguished place among others. It will afford us the
text to which all our conversations on the objects of natural
science will serve only as a comment. It will serve us as our
guide during our progress to a slate of reason; and will ever
afterwards give us constant pleasure, unless our taste be wholly
vitiated.
'■ You ask impatiently, Wbat is the titleof this wonderful book?
Is it Aristotle. Pliny, or Buffon? No; it is Rodinson Crusoe."—
Em ilius and S'"phia'. or a New Si/stem of Education, ii. 59-63, Eng-
Dsh trans. 1767, I2mo.
'■"Was there ever any thing written by mere man, that the reader
wished longer, except Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and the
Pilgrinrs Progress?"— Dr. Paml. Johnson.
" How happy that this, the most moral of romances, is not only
the most charming of books, but also the most instructive."—
Chalmfrs.
" Robinson Crusoe is delightful to all ranks and classes. It is
capital kitchen reading, and e«(ually worthy from its deep interest,
to find a place in the libraries of the wealthiest and the most
learned."' — Charles Lamb.
'• Perhaps there exists no work, either of instruction or enter-
tainment, in the English language, which has been more gene-
rally read, and more univerally admired, than the Life and -Ad-
ventures of Robinson Crusoe. It is difficult to say in what the
charm consists, by which persons of all classes and denominations
are thus fascinated; yet the majority of readers will recollect it as
among the first works that awakened and interested their youth-
ful attention : and feel, even in advanced life- and in the maturity
of their understandinir, that there are still associated with Robin-
son Crusoe, the sentiments peculiar to that period, when all is
new. all glittering in prospect, and when those vis^ious are most
bright, which the experience of after life tends only to darken and
destroy." — Sm Walter Scott.
We shall now quote some opinions of a few of our au-
thor's other works, and of his peculiar excellencies as an
author :
" De Foe was employed by Queen Anne on a .special mission to
Scotland respecting the Union. His work is the most authentic
on the subject." — Chalmers.
"His History of the Union is sufficient to place the author
among the soundest historians of the day." — T. F. DinniN,
" De Foe visited Scotland about the time of the Union, and it is
evident that the anecdotes concerning this unhappy period, must
have been peculiarly interesting to a man of his liveliness of imar
pination. who excelled all others in dramatizing a story, and pre-
senting it in actual speech and action liefure the reader." — Lon,
Qiiiir. Frv. xxiv. Sr-l.
"it will be in vain to contend for any thing like the same merit
DEF
DEL
(asin Crusne) in MC. Fland^. Captain S,„5,eton._Cc,ond Jack ! of;:-<iS "t, Z.^l^'^Sa^'tSa^tlSt^^-I^^S^
and Koxaiia; yet it is, in part, of the same description. We ad-
Tcrt to the singular truth and correctness of the individual por-
traiture. Whether it is possible to benefit the world by veritable
likenesses of harlots, pirates, and sharpers, ni.^y be doubted; but
it is somethiu'^ to have them exhibited in their native deforruity,
without being sentimentalized into Gulnares. Conrads. and int*^
resting eTi?a"sper(/i« of that Byronic description. Whatever ca-
I have been fed more by miracle than Elijah, when the ravens
were his purveyors. I have sometime ago summed up the scenes
of my life in this distich ;
No man has tasted differing fortunes more ;
And thirteen times I have been rich and poor.
" In the school of affliction I have learnt more philosophy than
at the acidemy, and more divinity than from the pulpit: in prison
TMtma'y'beenteredVgainst these productions, the first-rate sign I have learnt that liberty does not consist in open doors, and the
- ■ ■" -^ ?' = ■...-...J^^ character within a certain egress and regress of locomotion. I have seen the rough sideof
of genius, the power of imagining _.____.
range of existence, and throwing into it the breath of life and in-
dividualization, was a pre-eminent mental characteristic of De
Foe.'" — W'l^tintnsler Review, xiii. 09, &c.
" While all ages and descriptions of people hang delighted over
Robinson Crusoe, and shall continue to do so. we trust, while the
world lasts, how few comparatively will bear to be told, that there
exist other fictitious narratives by the same writer— four of them
at least of no inferior interest : Kosana— Singleton— Moll Flanders
— Colonel Jack— are all genuine offspring of the same father. An
nnpractised midwife would swear to the nose, lip. forehead, and
eye of every one of them. They are, in their way, as full of inci-
dent, and some of them every bit as romantic. . . . We would not
hesitate to say, that in no other book of fiction, where the lives of
such characteVs are described, is guilt and delinquency made less
seductive, or the suffering made more closely to follow the com-
mission, or the penitence more earnest or more bleeding, or the
intervening flashes of religious visitation upon the rude, unin-
structed so'ul. more meltingly and fearfully painted." — C. Lamh.
«' Most of our readers are probably familiar with De Foe's his-
tory of that great calamity (the I'lague)— a work in which fabu-
lous incidents and circumstances are combined with authentic nar-
ratives, with an art and verisimilitude which no other writer has
ever been able to communicate to fiction. . . . The author of Ro-
binson t'rusce was an Englishman, and one of those Knglishmen
who make us proud of the name." — EtUn. liev. xxiv. .321.
' Few men have been more accurate observers of life and man-
the world as well as the smooth; and have, in less than half a
year, tasted the difference between the cb set of a king and the
dungeon of Newgate. 1 hare suffered deeply lor cleaving to princi-
ples of which integrity I have lived to say, none but those I suf-
fered for ever reproached me with it."
We conclude with an eloquent tribute to De Foe's merits
from an .^utho^ity of the first rank :
■• For our part, surrounded as we are by the bustle and cares of
middle a 'e, the mere mention of our author's name falls upon us
as cool alid refreshing as a drop of rain in the hot and parched
midday We are compelled to regard him as a phenomenon,
and to consider his genius as something rare and curious, which
it is impossible to assign to any class whatever. Throughout the
ample stores of fiction in which our literature abounds, more than
that of any other people, there are no works which at all resemble
his, either in the design or execution. Without any precursor in
the strange and unwonted path he chose, and without a follower,
he spun his web of coarse but original materials, which no mortal
had ever thought of using before ; and when ho had done, it seems
as thou'-h he had snapped the thread, and conveyed it beyond the
reach of imitation. To have a numerous train of tollowers is usu-
ally considered as adding to the reputation of a writer : it is a pe-
culiar honour to De Foe that he had none. Wherever he has stolen
a grace beyond the re.ach of .irt, wherever the vigour and freshness
of nature are apparent, there he is inaccessible to imitation. . . .
In the fictions of De Foe we meet with nothing that is artificial, or
ners, and of the mechanism of society, than De Foe. . . . His No- | ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ breathe the breath of life."— ion. Setrospcdwt Ro-
vels, in spite of much improliability. have been oftener taken for
true narratives than any fictions that ever were composed." — Lon.
Quar. lUv. xxiv. ;ii;i.
In proof of the above assertion, wo may mention that
the alleged appearance of the apparition of Mrs. Veal was
believed to be sober matter of fact; the Memoirs of a Ca-
valier have been often cited as historical authority, and were
credited by Lord ChiUham ; the Journal of the Plague was
believed by <as keen critics as Dr. Mend and Dr. Cheyne ;
and still more amusing — the track of the pretended Voy-
age round the World was actually laid down in a staid,
dignified, respectable-looking map ! On the publication of
the Voyage to the World of Cartesius, " scarce mention was
made of this New World, but an infinite number of French,
English, and Dutchmen resolve to go and see it." p. 1.
The complimeut conveyed in the last sentence of the
annexed quotation which we italicize is therefore well
deserved :
'■ As a writer of fiction, whether we consider the originality of
his genius, the simplicity of his design, or the utility of his moral,
De Foe is now universally acknowledged to stand in the foremost
ground. That his inventive powers were of the first order, no one
can doubt; nor that he }}O^S'-s^td the a>i, above most other men, of
infunn/j itito his }>erfurmane'S all the gmtiine pjtfios (tf nature,
with'nif th'' /ca.^t appirent ejforl or exaggeration." — M'ilson.
Sir Walter Scott thus defines the pathos which affects us
80 sensibly in the writings of De Foe:
'■ Pathos is not De Foe's general characteristic ; he h.ad too little
delicacy of mind. When it comes, it comes uncalled, and is cre-
ated by the circumstances, not sought for by the author. The ex-
cess, for instance, of the natural longing fir human society which
Crusoe manifests while on board of the stranded Spanish ves,';el,
by falling into a sort of agony, as he repeated the words, * Oh that
hut one man bad been saved! oh that there had been but one!' is
in the highest degree pathetic. The agonizing refiections of the
solitarv, when he is in danger of being driven to sea. in his rash
attempt to circumnavigate his island, are also affecting.''
'■ He must be acknowledged as one of the ablest, as he was one
of the most captivating, writers of which this isle can boast." —
Ch.^lmers,
In an estimate of the writings of De Foe, tho strongly-
marked moral and religious tendency of his compositions
must by no means be forgotten. Tho eminent authority
just quoted, who, as his biographer, carefully investigated
the incidents of a troubled life extending to the threescore
and ten years allotted to man, declares as the result of his
investigations that
" The events of his life prove him entitled to the praise of inte-
grity, sincerity, and unvaried consistency." — SiK Walter Scott.
Anotlier biographer remarks that his review of the life
and writings of De Foe had satisfied him that
"Religion was uppermost in his mind; that he reaped its con-
solations, and lived under a habitual sense of its practical import-
ance."— WlLS'lN.
"I am a stoick," says he, "in whatever may be the event of
things. I'll do and sav what I think is a debt to justice and truth,
without the least regard to clamour and reproach: and, as I am
rr€W, iii. 354. 1S21. , t ,. p ^
De Forest, J. W. 1. History of the Indians of Con-
necticut from the Earliest Known Period to 1850, Hartford,
8vo. 2. Oriental Acquaint.ance : in a series of letters from
Asia Minor, N. York, 185fi, 12mo. 3. European Acquaint-
ance- being Sketches ofPeople in Europe, N.Y.,lS5S,12mo.
Uegg, Simon. A Skeleton, Ac, Phil. Trans., 1727.
Desse,Sir Simon. The P.arson'8 Counsellor, and Law
of Tithes, Lon., 1G76, Svo ; 7th ed., by C.Ellis, 1S20, Syo.
•■ A text-book which Richards referred to, as he had always un-
stood it to be a book of some value as an authority."— J/un)m'8
Lenal BM.
"Ucgols, Gerard. Serms., &c., 1711-26.
Degravere, J. Thesaurus Remediorum, Lon., 1662.
Dt'liany, \\m. K. Turnpike Acts, Lon., 1S23, 12mo.
Uc Hart, W. C. Military Law, N. York, 1S46, Svo.
Uehou, Theodore, D.D., 1776-1S17, a nalive of
Boston, graduated at Harvard College, 1795; Keetor of
Trinity Church, Newport, R. L, 179S; of St. Michael's,
Charleston, S. C, 1809 ; Bishop of S. Carolina, 1812.
'• lie was respected as a man of talents, and beloved for his
amiable .lualities and many virtues."- vl«<n's .-Imer. Biog. Diet.
He pub. several discourses before societies and some
serms. 90 Serms. on the Public Means of Grace. &c.,
1821, 2 vols. 8vo ; new ed., Lon., 1823, 2 vols. Svo ; Amer.
ed., N. York, 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
" .\ silvery eloiiuence runs through the whole texture of these
discourses."— I.i>n. Christian Observer.
" His sermons are useful, interesting, and eloquent."— Z>aj-Ii«p s
Deighan, Paul. Arithmetic and Key, Dubl., 1809.
Deios, Lawrence. Serms. against Antichrist, Lon.,
1509, Svu.
Dekar, H. Predestination. 2d ed., 1779, Svo.
De Kay, James E. Sketches of Turkey in 1831, '32,
New York, 8vo. Natural History of New York; Zoology,
vols. 1-5. This work is in I5vol5. 4to, pub. in Albany,
1842-49. The introduction is by Hon. Wm. H. Seward, late
Governor of N. Y'ork. See Rich's Bibliotheca Americana
Nova; Roorbach's Bibliotheca Americana.
Dekker, Thomas. Sec Deckkr.
De La Bechc, Sir Henry Thomas, 17M-185.'),
a native of London, entered the Royal Military College in
1810, and became a member of the Gcol. Soc. in 1817. He
was knighted in 1848. Trans, of a Select, of the Geolog.
Memoirs in the Aiinales des Mines, with Notes, Lon., 1824,
Svo, and 1836. Geolog. Notes, 1830, Svo. Sections and
Views illus. of Geolog. Phenomena, 1830, 4to. Geolog.
Manual, 1832, Svo. How to Observe, Geology, 1835,
sm. Svo, and 2d ed.
" It is a truly Baconian volume; a sort of Ifomm Organm of
Geologv."
Reiiort on tho Geology of Cornwall, Devon, and. Somer-
set, 1839, Svo. The Geological Obsemr, with upwards
utterly unconcerned at human opinion, the people that throw " ' ' .„., „ " gd ed , 1853.
away their breath so freely in censuring me may consider of some of 300 wood-cuts, IS51, "J"' j'^ "="'' Jf ,i ,^ hibours of
Luir imnrovement to make of their passions than to waste them " No one could be found so capable of duecting ine laoours oi
on" man'thatT both above and below' the reach of thein. I know the young geologist, or to aid IjJ his ow^ experience the su^
too much of the world to expect good in it, and have learnt to value dies of those who may not have been able to range .so ixnnsiveiy
ittooUttleto*^Lconcom^S^ 1 have gone through a life , over the earths smli.ce. We strongly recommend b.r Uenrj De
DEL
DEL
la Beche's book to those -who desire to know what has been done,
and to learn somethint^ of the wide exauiination which yet lies
waitini; for the industrious olisfrver." — Lnn. AthmKEum .
De La Cour or Delacour, James, an Irish poet,
1709-1781. was e<lucated at Trinity CoUese. Dublin, and
subsequently took billy orders. Abelardto Eloisa; a Poem,
172y. In imitatiun of Pope. The Prospect of Poetry, 1733.
Delafaye, Thco. Serms., &c., 1745-63.
Delafon, W, Naval Court Martinis, Lon., 1805. 8vo.
Delamaiii, Rich. Lands in Ireland, Lon., 1641, fol.
Delaniaiu, Uobert. Mathemat. treatises, 1630, '31.
Delamayiie, Thos. Essay on Man, 1779, 4to.
Delaniere, Henry, Earl of Warrington. Collection
of his Speeches, Lou., 1694, fol. Works and Speeches,
1694. Svo.
Delmote, P. Intrnduc. to Mviscke, Lon., 1574, 8vo.
De Laiicey, Mm. lleathcotc, D.D.. LL.D.. Prot.
Episcopal Bii^hnp of Western New York, a descend.ant of
Chief Justice De Laneey, was born in 1797 at Mauuironeck,
Westchester county. New York ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege, 1817; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania,
1828; assistant rector in 1833, and rector in 1836, of St.
Peter's Church, Philada. ; consecrated bishop of the dio-
cese of Western New Y'ork, 1839. Sermons, &c.
Delane, Johu T., the editor of The London Times,
was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he took
his degree.
'■As the responsilile head nf the most widely circulated paper
in London. Mr. Dt-lane pmbably exercises as threat a power for stood
—or for mischief— as any man in England." — Men nf the time,
Lon., 1S53.
Delane, W.F. A. Turnpike Acts. Lon., 1828, 12mo.
Laws for reg. the Highways, 1835, 12mo. Electors, 2d
ed.. 1836, 12mo.
Delauey, General Oliver. Considerations on the
Propriety of Imposing Taxes in the British Colonies, Lon.,
1766.
Delany, 3Iary, 1700-1788, a daughter of Bernard
Granville, Esq.. afterwards Lord Lansdowne, was married
first to Alexander Peudarves, and then to Dr. Patrick De-
lany. She corresponded with the literary celebrities of the
day, and her letters have been much admired. Late in life
she commenced writing poetry. Letters of Mrs. Delany
to Mrs. Frances Hamilton, 1779-88, 8vo; 1821. This vol.
contains many anecdotes relating to the royal family. See
the Diary of Mmc. D'Arblay.
Delany, Patrick, I686?-1768, a native of Ireland,
was educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Dulilin:
became Chancellor of Christ Church, and Prebendary of
St. Patrick's, Dublin; Dean of Down, 1744. lie was an
intimate friend of Dean tSwift, and wrote some strictures
upon Lord Orrery's Remarks ">n the Life and AVritings of
that distinguished author. The Tribune, a Periodical Pa-
per, continued through 20 Nos., commencing in 1729. Re-
velation Examined with Candour, 1732-63, 3 vols. 8vo;
3d ed. of the 2 vols., 1735; 4th ed., 1745, anon.
" In this work Br. Delany discovers a very considerable portion
oflearning. research, and acuteness. It contains many tbiii'Ts not
to be found in the ordinary class of comment.itors; some things
that are fanciful; and some thinjrs not in unison with geuerally
received opinions.'' — Orine's Bthl. Bib.
*'lt is a work of uncommon merit, and too little known. It com-
prises a number of Dissertations on the most important facts and
histories in the sacred writin;;s; and especially those which have
been cavilled at by Deists and freethinkers of every description.
In every case he is master of his subject; and in every instance
his pretended Anakim opponents die grasshoppers in his hands."
— Dr. Adam Clakke.
*' An able defence of Natural and Kevealed Religion against
Atheists and Deists." — Bickersteth.
Reflections upon Polygamy, 1733. Hist. Account of
the Life and Reign of David, King of Israel, 1740-42, 3
vols.; 1745, *5S, '69, anon.
"A very interestinji and elegant work. If it is drawn up with
less sobriety of judi^ment and severity of criticism than the Life
of David by Dr. Chandler, it displays much greater rehuement and
delicacy of thou;:ht and manner." — Williams's Christinn Preacher.
'• Unfortunately for its n-putation, a similar life of David bv Dr.
Chandler provokes comparison; and every one who has read the
two performances, will have no hesitation in preferring the work
of Chandler to that of Delany. It is more valuable, both as a book
of Scripture criticism, and of general information." — Ornie's Bibl.
Bib.
Bickersteth thus draws the comparison :
"Chandler more critical and sober in judgment; Delany finer
thoughts and more tnsti'. Chandler too much palliates David's
crimes." — C'liristiiin S(it*h-nt.
" A respectabl.-and ii^ifiil work, but greatly inferior to Dr. Chand-
ler's masterly Critical llistory of the Life of David." — Onne's Bibl.
Bib.
Serms. upon Social Duties, 1744, 8vo; 1747, '50.
"The Practical Duties of Relij:ion are enforced with jjreat Energy ;
and an amiable J^pirit of Candour, Benevolence, and Piety breathes
throughout all his Discourses."
Delany pub. a number of sep.aratc sermons, «S:c. His
last work was the following: Eighteen Discourses and Dis-
sertations upon various very important and interesting Sub-
jects, 1766, 8vo. See a notice of this volume — especially
two dissertations at the end — in Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Delany was a man of ability and learning; dis^posed occasion-
allv to use his &ncy. and to reason contidently on doubtful or dis-
p\ited premises. There is also a great lack of evangelical sentiment
ill his writings." — Ormk, ubi supra.
Delap,Dr. J. The Royal Suppliants; aTrag.,Lon.,
1731, 8vo. Tlic Captives; a Trag., 1786, 8vo. Elegies,
1788. '[){). Sedition; an Ode, 1702.
DeLip, John, D.D. Serm., 1762, 4to.
Do I^ara, O. E. Key to Portuguese, Lon., 1825, ISmo.
Delaune, Henry, Legacy to his Sons, Lon., 1057,
sm. 4to.
" A misct-llany of precepts, theological, moral, political, oecono-
mical. diirest.'d into seven centuries of ijuadrins."
'■'I'licadniniiiii.ms ill this volume are estimable, the style nervous,
and the versitication. in general, correct." — WttVs Bibl. Brit.
Delaune, Thos. The Present State of London, &c.,
1681, 12mo. Continued by a Careful Uand to 1690, 1690,
12mo.
" Nor is De Lauu's pretended stjite of the city much different
from what we have there [in Stow's Chronicle."] — Bishop Nicolson's
Enf,. Hi.^i.. lib. l.i.
Delaune, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1667-1728.
In answer to Dr. Calamy's discourse Concerning a Scru-
pulous Conscience, he wrote A Plea for the Nonconformists,
1684. 1704, 4to; preface by I>anicl De Foe. His opponents
replied by putting him in the pillory, taking off his ears,
fining and impris'ining him. He die<l in prison.
DcKiune, Wni., D.D., Pres. of St. John's Coll., and
Margaret Pn.f. of Divinity in O.xford. Serm., 1702, 4to-
Twelve Serms.. Lini.. ITi'x, 8vo.
Delaval, Edward Ilussey, 1729-1814, an eminent
chemist and natural philosopher. Exper. Inquiry rel. to
the Changes of Colours in Opake and Coloured Bodies,
Lon., 1744, 4to. In French, Paris, 1778, 8vo. In Italian,
Mil., 1779, Svo; Eolog., 1779, 8vo. Exper. Inquiry into
the Causes of the Permanent Colours of Opake Bodies,
Warr.. 1785. 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1759, '64, *65.
De La Warre. True Rehition of Virginia, 1611, 4to.
Delepierre, J. Octave. Old Flanders; or. Popular
Traditions and Legends of Belgium, Lon., 1845, 2 vols,
p. 8vo.
'•Twovolumes written with considerable spirit. They will afford
pleasure to many a reader as the long evenings of winter draw on.'*
— Lon. Erdviitu-r.
Deletanville, Thos. Guides to French, Lon., 1758.
Deljiailo, Isaac. New Translation of the JPenta-
teuch, Lun., 1789, 4to.
"■ A learned London Jew. who has given some good observations
on the i'eutateuch.'' — Dr. Geddes.
'■The work altogether is not equal to its pretensions, and both
the translation aiul the not^s discover the intluence of Jewish pre-
judice."—OrHig's Bil'l. Bib.
Delisser, Richard L., born in the West Indies in
1820, 1. Interest and Average Tables, N. Y. 2. Complete
Time Tables. 3. Ready Reckoner. 4. Elements of Book
Keeping, .fee.
Dell, George. Serm., 1711, 4to.
Dell, John, d. at Slurry, in Kent. 1810, aged 5.3. Po-
etical Effusions of the Heart, 1783, Svo. Contributed to
periodical.^ under the signature of Rusticus.
Dell, Jonas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1646. '56, '58.
Dell, Win., Rector of Yelden, and Master of fionvil
and Caius Cullege : ejected, 1662, Serms. and theolog.
treatises, 1645-97. Select Works, Lon., 1773, 8vo.
De liOier, Peter. Treatise of Specters or Straunge
Sights, Vi.-^ions, and Apparitions appearing sensibly unto
Men, 1605, 4to.
De Lolme, John Tjouis, 1745-1807, a Swiss lawyer,
resided for some years in England, where at times he re-
quired the assistance of the Literary Fund. He died in
Switzerland. A Parallel between the English Government
and the Former Government of Sweden, Lon., 1772. Later
eds. of this work include the English version of the follow-
ing: The Constitution of English; written in French and
pub. in Holland; trans, into English, and pub. in 1775,
with the Parallel, 3d ed., 1781; 4th. 1784, with Notes by
Dr. Chas. Coote, 1807, 8vo. Late eds., 1822, Svo. With
Notes by W. Hughes, 1834, Svo ; by Stephens, 1838, 2 vols.
Svo; by T. G. Western, 1838, Svo; by J. Macgregor, 1853,
p. Svo.
De Lolme has been blamed for too excessive and general
admiraticm of the Constitution of England; but this is a
point, we tbiuk, in which exaggeration is not easy. The
merits of this work are unquestionable. Lords Chatham
and Camden commend it highly.
491
DEL
"A performance deep, solid, and ingenious." — Jdntus.
"The author has presented a view of English Equity Jurispru-
dence, far more exact and comprehensive than many of the Eng-
lish text'Writers on the same sut ject."— Chikf Justice Story.^
" It is unquestionably a liiniiiinus. candid, concise, yet satisfac-
tory, exposition of the Tlrifisli constitution, and is written in a pure
and nervous style.*' — H"Jfmaii's Lnjal Study, 148.
Hist, of the Flagellants; or, Memorials of Human Su-
perstition, 1788, 4to.
" .Scarcely reconcilable to decorum in style or matter.''
Observations upon the late National Embarrassment, Ac.,
1789, 8vo. The writer coincides with Mr. Pitt. Essay
containing Strictures on the Union of Scotland with Eng-
land, ka., 1787, 4to. This was pub. as an introduc. to De
Foe's Hist, of the Union. He pub. some other treatises.
See an interesting, yet distressing, account in De Lolme's
Narrative, prefixed to his essay, of the difficulties he ex-
perienced in bringing his great work before the public :
'' When my enlart;ed Enfilish edition was ready for the press, had
I acquainted ministers that I was prepared to lioil my tea-kettle
with it. for want of being al>le to afford the expenses of printing
it" — ministers, it seems, would not have considered that he was
lighting his tire " with myrrh and cassia and precious ointment."
See Disr.^eli■s Calamities of Authors.
"De Lolnie had the art of pleasing in conversation, though the
graces did not appear in his manner or deportment. He had a turn
for pleasantry and humour; and has been compared to Uurke for
the variety of his allusions and the felicity of his illustrations."
See Dr. Chas. Coote's Preface to the work on the Constitution, ed.
1607, 8vo.
Deloney, Thomas. Declaration made by the Archbp.
of CoUen upon the Deed of his Marriage, Lon., 1583, 12mo.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for other pieces.
Delta. See Mom, D.iviD M.^cbeth.
Delvin, George. Serm., Lon., 1795, 8vo.
Demaii, E. V. Flax, its Cultivation and Manage-
ment, 1851.
"This e.ssay is not inferior to the many treatises on Flax." —
DonuhUou's AgTiciiU. Biog.
Deinarvllle. Y. L.adies' Geography, 1758, 2 vols.
Demetrius, Charles. Newes from Gulick and Cleve,
Lon., iei5, 4to.
Democritus Secuiidus, a fictitious name. The
Fellow Traveller, through Cily and Countrey; Book of
Stories, Lon., 165S, 12mo.
Demoivre, Abraham, 1667-1757, a native of Cham-
pagne, spent most of his life in England, where he died
in the above year. Miscellanea Analytica, Ac, Lon., 1730,
4to. Doctrine of Chances, or a Method of calculating the
Probabilities of Events in Play, 1718. 4to; best ed., 1756,
4to. Annuities on Lives, 1724, '60, '52, 8vo. He contri-
buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans,
De Morgan, Augustus, b. Ibliii. in the island of
Modma, coast id' Java: Prol. of Mathemat. in University
College, Loudon. His lather was an officer in the British
Army. Has pub. a number of valuable works on Algebra.
Arithmetic, Trigonometry, Logic, Ac. In 1847 he gave
to the world a volume exhibiting much research, entitled
Arithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the
Present Time. Every teacher and student of Mathematics
—and of course every bibliographer— should possess this
volume. See Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Dempsey, G. Drysdale. 1. Papers on Railways,
Lon., 1845, 4to. 2. Practical Railway Engineering; 4th
ed., 1855, 4to. 3. Brick Bridges. Sewers, and Culverts,
1850, 4to. 4. Ex.amples of Iron Roofs, 1850, 41o. 5. Iron
applied to Railway Structure. 1850, 4to. 6. Malleable
Iron Bridges, 1850, 4to. 7. The Builder's Guide in Mate-
rials and "construction; 2d ed., 1857, 4to. 8. Machinery
• of the Nineteenth Century, 1852, Ac, 4to. 9. Railway
. Stations. Engine-Houses, Ac, with folio plates. 1856. 10.
Ten Bridges, with details, 1856, 4to. 11. Working-Draw-
ings of Stations, Ac, 1856, 4to. Other works.
Dempster, George, 1736-1818, a native of and M.P,
for Dundee, Scotland. Discourse containing a Summary
DEN
of the Directors of the Society for Extending the Fisheries
of Great Britain, 1789. Magnetic Mountains of Cannay,
8vo. Letters in Agricult, Mag. Papers and Speeches.
Dempster, Thomas, 1579-1625, a native of Scot-
laud, studied at Pemlir.jkc Hall, Cambridge, and at Paris,
and became distinguished for his erudition. Ho was pro-
fessor successively at Paris, Pisa, and Bologna, and died
in the last-named city. He pub. several works, a list of
•which wUl be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. His best-known
production is Historia Ecclesiastica (icntis Scotorum, Bo-
Bon., 1627, 4to. Reprinted for the Bann.atyne Club, 1829,
2 vols. 4to. This work is not at all to bo relied on.
"Tho. Dempster, though he was no Jesuit, stands fair for the
remaining part of his character tliat he 'was as well inclined to
believe a"'lye a.s any man in his time;' and was as well quiilificd to
put it into a pretty dress of poetry."— i'ls/mi) Nicolsim's .v™(. HM.
Lib., 5S ; nncl the BisUop of St.Asuph's Uist. Account, p. 163.
ie2
*' ITc sbaniefnlly published I know not how many fables."— BatIB.
"IlewniM have wished that all learned men had been Scots.
He for^'.il tilli-s nf books which were never published, to raise the
elorv '"t bis native country, and has been guilty of several cheat-
ing tricks, by which he has lost his credit among men of learning."
— M. Baillet.
See Mtickenzie's Lives; McCrie's Melville; Chambers s
Scot. Biog.
Dendy, Edw. Petition to Pari., Lon., 1654, fol.
Dendy, Walter Cooper. Book of the Nursery,
Lon., 12ino. Diseases of the Skin in Children, 8to. Dis-
eases of the Scalp, 1849, r. 4to. Phenomena of Dreams
and Illusions, 12mo. Philosophy of Mystery, 1841, 8vo.
" It reminds in every page of the erudite Burton, whose Anatomy
of Melancholy drives aw.Ty the vapours from the most confirmed
hypochondriac."— Z)r. Jnlnism's Journal.
Varieties of Pock delineated and described, 1853, p. 8vo.
Discourse (ui the Birth and Pilgrimage of Thought, 1853,
square. The Beautiful Islets of Britaine. 1857, p. 8vo.
Dene, Will«mus de. Historia Roflfcnsis, 1314-50,
successione Episcoporum et priorum, &c. Vide Wharton
Anglia Sacra, i. 327.
Denhani. Miners' Charters, Lon., 1657, 4to.
Dt'iihtim, Captain. See (iuLLV, Robert.
Di'uliam, Dixon, Col., R.N., and Governorof Sierra
Leone, au enterprising tr.avellor, 1786-1828. Narrative
of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africli,
1822-24, by Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney, Lon., 1826,
4to; 2d ed., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. He who desires to become
acquainted with Africa and the Africans must not neglect
this invaluable work. See Clappemo.v, Hogh; Lander,
RicnAim. , , , ,„., ,
Denham, Rev. J.F. Marriage with a deceased \V ile s
Sister defended, Lon., 1847, 8vo. Spelling and Reading
Book ; 3d ed.. Parts 1 to 3, 1848, 12mo. Other works.
Denham, Sir James Stenart. See Steuart.
Denham, Sir John, 161.5-1668, a native of Dublin,
was the only s<.n of Sir ,Iohn Dciibiim. Baron of the Ex-
chequer, in 1631 he was entered (.f Trin. Coll., Oxford.
" But being looked upon as a slow and dreaming youug man by
bis seniors and contemporaries, and giving more to cards and dice
than his study, thev could never then in the least imagine that be
could ever enrich the world with his liincy, or issue of his braiu,
as he afterwards did." — Wood.
This habit of gaming clung to him in after life, to his
great loss and disgrace. He was made Governor of Farn-
ham Castle by Charles I. ; his fortunes were depressed dur-
ing the Commonwealth, revived in the Restoration. In
1641 he pub. his Tragedy of the Sophy, which elicited the
enthusiastic commendation of Waller, who remarks of the
author, that
" He broke out like the Irish Rebellion, threescore thousand
strong, when nobody was aware, or in the least suspected it."
In 1643 appeared his poem of Cooper's Hill, which esta-
blished his reputation as an author. He wrote a number
of other pieces — The Destruction of Troy, Cato Major,
Ae. — translated portions of Virgil, and imitated Tally.
The 6th ed. of his collected works, entitled Poems and
Translations, with the Sophy, a Tragedy, was pub. in 1719,
12mo. The reputation of Denham is not so high as it was
formerly, but few poets have been more warmly commended
by several rigid critics. The approbation of Waller, Prior,
Dryden, Warton, and Johnson, is no slight guarantee of
merit.
" ' Cooper's Hill.' says Dryden, * for majesty of style, is. and ever
will 1«, the stand.ard of good writings;' and Pope eulogizes it
highly in his Windsor Forest.
"Denham is deservedly considered as one of the fathers of Eng.
lish poetry. Denham and Waller, according to Prior, improved
onr versification, and Dryden perfected it."— i>r. Johnson's Lires
of the EnriHsh rorts.
Denham, John E. Serms., Lon., 1821, 8vo.
Denham, Joseph. Serm., 1741, 8vo.
Denham. N. Trans, of the Way of Lyfo, Ac, 1578, 4to,
Denham, Mm. Serms., 1742, '43, '45.
Denholm, James. History of Glasg., 1797, 12mo.
Many ed,s. Tour to the Lakes, 1804, sm. Svo.
Denio, Hiram, born 1799, at Rome, N. Y., a resident
of Utic.a, N. Y., Judge of the Court of Appeals. Reports
of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court, and
in tho Court for the Correction of Error of the State of New
York, 1845-48, 5 vols. Revised Statutes of the State of
N. Y., 4th ed., 1852, 2 vols., prepared by Hiram Denio and
William Tracv. „„„ .
Denison, Charles Wheeler, b. in Conn., 1809. Ame-
rican Village and other poems. Contrib. to the Knicker-
bocker and various other magazines and journals.
Denison, Daniel, 1613-1682. Irenicon, or a Salve
for New England's Sore. This is annexed to Hubbard s
Fuul. Serm. « « ,. , ,n„„
Denison, Edward, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury, 1837,
DEN
DEN
Perms., Charges, &c., 1836-44. Serms. before the Univ.
of 0.\f., 1836, 8vo.
" A volumeof sermnnsworthyof the perus.ilof all sound church-
men."— Churcfi of Ertff. Quar. Kev.
Denison, Edward B. Marriage with a Wife's Sis-
ter, Lnn., 1851. 8vo. Bp. of E.\eter's Speech on the Mar-
riage Bill. 3ci efl., 1851, p. Svo.
Denison, George Anthony. Serm.. Lon., 1S50. 8vo.
Denison, John, d. at Reading, 1628-29. Serms. and
treatises. 1616-24.
Denison, Mary Andrews, b. in Cambridge, Mass.,
1826. Author of Home Tietures, N. York, 12mo. What
Noty Phila., 12mo. Carrie Hamilton, Phila., 12mo. Gracie
Amber, N.York, 12rao. Old Hepsy : a Tale of the South,
Js. York, 18.')8, 12mo, Has eontriluifed extensively to
many of the lending journals of the Union.
Denison, Stephen. Serms., Lon., 1620-27. The
White Wolfe, 1627, 4to. At p. 88 will be found a catalogue
of 88 Sects and Heresies which sprang up in the primitive
Church. John Hethorington was principally aimed at in
this discourse. He was obliged to recant his "fanatical
doctrines" before the king.
"The book comprehends .a str.ange mixture of learning and ex-
travagant reasoniofj;. and is altogether a siuyular curiosity." —
B>'lr':;^s Anecdittiis of Scarce Books.
Dennran, Jacob S., b. 1814, in Now Jersey. Stories
for Children, 16mo. Compiler of a series of Heading Books,
in 8 parts.
Denman, Joseph, M.D. Buxton Water, 1793. Svo.
Denman, Thomas, M.D., a native of Derbyshire,
practised in the Royal Navy, and subsetiuently in London.
He pub. several works upon obstetrics, «tc., the best-known
of which is Iiitroduc. to Theory and Prac. of Midwifery,
6th ed., 1824, Svo.
Denmark, Alex., M.D. Med. Chir. Tr.ans., ISl.S.
Denne, Henry. Serms., <te., Lon., 1642-60.
Deune, John. Answer to Bunyau, 1673, Svo.
Denne, John, D.D., 1693-1767, Archdeacon of Ro-
chester, and Rector of Lambeth. Serms., Ac, 1720-77.
Articles of Inquiry for a Par. Visitation, 1732, 4to. Dr.
D. was a learned auti<iuary, and contributed to Lewis's
Life of Wicliff.
Deune, John. Serm., 1753. 4to.
Denne, Samncl, 1730-1799, Vicar of Darent, and
SOD of the Archdeacon of Rochester. Hist, and Antiq. of
Rochester, 1772. Palace of Mayfield, 1787, 4lo. Hist.
Partio. of Lambeth Parish and Palace, 1795, 4to. This
forms part of vol. i. of the Supp. to Nichols's Bib. Top.
Brit., and is perhaps the scarcest of the whole series. Dr.
D. pub. many antiiiuarian papers in Archieol., 1787-1800.
Denneston, E. Revenue of Excise, 1707, 4to.
Dennie, Joseph, 1768-1812, a native of Boston,
graduated at Harvard University in 1790. Adopting the
profession of the law, he opened an otSco at Walpole, New
Hampshire, but found little encouragement, and determined
to devote himself to literary pursuits. In 1795 ho pub. in
Boston, The Tatler, a weekly paper, and issued at Walpole,
The Farmer's Museum. In this periodical appeared the
essays by which he is best known, entitled The Lay Preacher.
In 1799 Mr. Pickering, Secretary of State, protl'cred him
aclerkship, and he removed to Philadelphia, where in 1801
he established The Port Folio, which he conducted until
his death in 1812. He enjoyed great reputation as a writer
during his life, and for some years after his decease. Pa-
triarchs of the " lean and slippered pant.aloon" — who per-
haps composed a part of the " mob of gentlemen who wrote
with ease" about the beginning of this century — still ex-
tol the melodious cadence and liquid flow of the essays of
the American Addison. We ourselves are so old-fashioned
as to consider Dennie a charming writer.
"The Lay Preacher of Dennie. and his articles in the Portfolio,
seem to me feeble and affected, though occasionally marked by
considerable excellence. It was natural to overrate him, as in his
time we had very few writers with whom he could be compared.
For several years after the death of Brockden Brown. I believe he
was the only man in the country who made literature a profession.
... He was a preat favourite in society, and his brilliant social
qualities gave him a factitious reputation as a man of letters
There is nothing in his writings deserving of reputation." — Oris-
wohl's Pr<*sf. Writirs r,f America.
Dennie, Lt. Col. VVm. H., R.A., d. 1842, a dis-
tiugnished officer, mortally wounded at the siege of Jella-
laljad. Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Affghan-
istan, Lon., 1843, 12mo.
Dennis, C. and U. Lloyd. A trans, of the Contes
Moraux of Marmontol. under the title of Moral Tales, Lon.,
1781. 3 vols. Sv.i; Perth, 1792, 4 vols. 12mo.
Dennis, George. The Cid; a short Chronicle,
founded on the early poetry of Spain, Lon., 1846, ISmo.
The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, 1848, 2 vols. Svo.
*'Cet ouvrago ne s'adresse pas seulement aux amateurs d'antt
quites. A cote des recherches savants dirigees par un esprit d'ob-
sei'vation tr6s eminent, il offre cet interet pnetique presque tou-
jours inseparable du recit d'un voyageur enthousiaste. qui Bait
en quul(iue sorte nous transporter au milieu de la contree qu'il
decrit, et nous faire partager toutes ses impressions. C'est k la
fois un travail historique de grande valem-. et un guide precieux
pnur lea persnnnes qui veulent visiter I'ltalie avec fruit." — Biblio-
Cheqiie Ufiiv. de Gcnere.
'■ These volumes are a valuable storehouse of classical and anti-
quarian lore to every scholar: and the most general reader must
be attracted by their pleasant, though somewhat discursive, style."
—Ellin. Nn\
See Gh.\t, Mrs. Hamilton.
Dennis, Jonas. Sermons, Exeter, 1800. Svo.
Dennis, John, 1657-1734, a native of London, was
educated at Cains College, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
He obtained considerable notoriety as a dramatic and jio-
litical writer and critic. Plays, Lon., 1697-1720. They
consist of— A Plot and No Plot; Rinaldo and Armida;
Iphigenia; Liberty Asserted; Orpheus and Euridice, a
Masque; Appius and Virginia; The Comical Gallant, (an
alteration of Shakspeare's Merry Wives of Windsor;) The
Invader of his Country, (an alteration of Coriolanu.s.) Let-
ters, 1718, 2 vols. Svo. Select Works, consisting of Plays,
Poems, etc., 1718, 2 vols. Svo. Dennis w,is no gentle cri-
tic; he handled Addison's Cato without mercy, and his
reflections upon Pope's Essay on Criticism secured him a
place in the Dunciad. Dr. Johnson regretted that Den-
nis's works had not been collected. See his criticism on
Cato, in Johnsim's Lives of the British Poets, a life of
Dennis in the Biog. Brit., and a sketch of his character in
Disraeli's Calamities of Authors.
"Dennis attained to the ambiguous honour of being distin-
guished as ' The Critic,' and he may yet instruct ns how the moral
inHuences the literary character, and how a certain talent that
can never mature itself into genius, like the pale fruit that hangs
in the shade, ripens only into sourness." — Disk.\eli, ui^i siijira,
Dennis, Samuel. Sermons, 1736, 4to.
Dennis, T. or J. Way of Curing Diseases, 166S.
Dennis, Rev. Thos. Psalms in Blank Verse, 1S07.
Dennison, J. Legends of Galloway. 1825.
Denuison, Wni. "Koligic.us Doctrine, 1805.
Dennistone, M'altcr. Psalmi civ.. Edin..l696.
Dennistoun, George. Med. Con. Ess. Phys., 1754.
Denny, E. Theolog. treatises. Lon., 1849.
Denny, Sir E. Hymns and Poems, Lon., 12mo.
Denny, Henry. Monographia Pselaphidorum et
Seydmamidarum Britannia;, Norwich, 1825, Svo. Mono-
graphia Anoplurorum Britannia-, Lon., 1842, Svo.
" Do not depreciate any pursuit which leads men to contemplata
the works of their Creator."— Soithev.
Denny, John. Diseases of Horses, Lon., 1802, Svo.
Denny, Sir \Vm. Pelecanicidium, or the Christian
Adviser against Self-Murder, Lon., 1653, Svo. In versa
and prose, with plates by Barlow. Bindley sale, pt. 1,
1769. £13.
Densell. See Holles, Lord.
Denston, It. L. The Atmosphere, Lon., 1806.
Dent, Arthur, minister of South Sonberry, a Puritan.
A Plaine Man's Pathway to Heaven, Lon., 1622.
"A pr.actical trejitise."— iJ('c/.-*?r.'ii(V/i"5 Christian S/iuIent.
Other theolog. treatises and sermons, 1582-1617.
Dent, Edward. Sermon, Lon., 1692. 4to.
Dent, Giles. Sermons, Lon., 1707-13.
Dent, John. The Lawyer's Panic, or, Westminster
Hall in an Upro.ar, 1785, Svo. Force of Love; a Novel,
1786, 2 vols. 12mo. The Candidate; a Farce, 1782, Svo.
Too Civil by Half; a Farce, 17S3, Svo. The Telegraph,
1795, Svo.
Dent, John. A Catalogue of the Library of, Lon.,
1825. 20 copies privately printed. Dent sale, 2 at£10 10s.;
4 at £12; 1 at £12 2s. 6rf.
Denton, Daniel. A Brief Description of New York,
with the Customs of the Indians, Lon., 1670, 4to. Very
rare. Reprinted, (100 copies 4to,) New York, 1S45, with
Notes by Hon. Gabriel Furman.
This is supposed to be the first printed description in
English of New Y'ork and New Jersey, then under one
government. We know of but three copies of the original
in the United States : one in the N. York State Library
at Albany, one in the Library of Harvard University, and
the one from which Mr. Furman printed his edition. A
copy was sold at the Nassau sale i'or 1S». ; in New York,
recently, for $31 !
Denton, J. Bailey. Model Mapping for Drainage
and Irrigation, Lon., 2d ed., 1842, Svo.
•■ We hope it will be generally taken up, and become a Parlia-
mentary subject." — Lf'ii. Surveyor's Journal.
Other works on Draining, 1S49, '52.
DEN - - .
Denton, John, 1625-1708, Prebendary of York, pub.
some sermons and theolug. treatises.
Denton, Thomas, 1724-1777, Rector of Ashted,
Surrey. Religious Retirement; from Gother. Immortality,
1755, 4to. The House of Superstition, 1762, 4to. The two
preceding are poems, and are thought to be good imitations
of Spenser. Serm., 1775, 8vo. lie compiled the supple-
mental vol. to the 1st ed. of the Biographical Dictionary.
Denton, \Vm., M.D., 1605-1691, physician to Charles
I. and Charles II. llorae Subsecivse : rel. to Laws against
Papists, Lon., 1664, 4to; another treatise, 1675, 4to. Jus
Cicsaris et Eeclesia3 vere dietfr, (Anglice,) 16S1, ful.
Denzil. See IIolles, Lord.
Depalaine. Repositury of the Lives and Portraits
of Distinguished American Characters, Phila., vols. i. and
ii., Pt. 1 ; IS purtraits.
Depping, J*Ii. Evening Entertainments; or. Delinea-
tions of Manners and Customs, Lon.. ISll, 2 vols. 12mo.
Commended by Lnn. Month. Rev. and Lon. Eclec. Rev.
De Puy, Henry W. 1. Kossuth and His Generals,
Buffalo, 12mo. 2. Louis Napoleon and his Times, 1853,
12mo. 3. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Heroes
of "76, 1853. 12mo.
De Quiucey, Thomas, b. 1786, the son of an Eng-
lish merchant, is a native of Manchester, and was educated
at Eton and Oxford. For the history of his early years we
must refer the reader to the glowing pages of the Confessions
of an English Opium-Eater. This famous autobiography
was originally pub. in the Old Loudon Magazine in 1821.
and appeared in a vol. in 1822. The reader will also find
much of interest in the Autobiographic Sketches, pub. by
Mr. De Quincey, 1853, &c., and in a Memoir of his Life,
Bost., 1855, by Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie. The author has
made some excellent translations from Jean Paul Richter
and Lessing, which appeared in the London Magazine and
Blackwood, and contributed many articles, on biography,
metaphysics, and philosophy, to the periodicals of the day.
Among his best-known articles are the lives of Shakspeare
and Pope in the Encyclopaedia Britannica ; a paper on the
Knocking at the Gate, in Macbeth; the Vision of Sudden
Death ; and Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts.
But we shall confer no small favour on the reader by a
catalogue of the contents of an edition (the only complete
one pub. in Great Britain or America) of the writings of
this popular author, collected and edited by Mr. J. T.
Fields and issued by the enterprising house of Ticknor
& Fields, Boston, United States; Vol. I. Confessions of an
English Opium-Eat«r: 1. The Confessions; 2. Suspiria de
Profundis. II. Biographical Essays: 1. Shakspeare; 2.
Pope; 3. Lamb; 4. Goethe; 5. Schiller. III. Miscellaneous
Essays: 1. On the Knocking at the Gate, in Macbeth; 2.
Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts; 3. Second
Paper on Murder ; 4. Joan of Arc : 5, The English Mail-
Coach; 6. The Vision of Sudden Death : 7. Dinner, Real
and Reputed; 8. Orthographic Mutineers ; 9. Sortilege on
Behalf of the Glasgow Athenaeum. IV. The Ca?sars. V.
Life and Manners : 1. Early Days ; 2. London ; 3. Ire-
land ; 4. The Irish Rebellion ; 5. Premature Manhood ; 6.
Travelling; 7. My Brother; 8. Oxford; 9. German Litera-
ture. VI. and VII. Literary Reminiscences: 1. Literary
Novitiate; 2. Sir Humphry Davy ; 3. William Godwin ; 4.
Mrs. Grant; 5. Recollections of Charles Lamb; 6. Wallad-
mor; 7. Coleridge; 8. Wordsworth; 9. Southey ; 10. Re-
collections of Grasmere; 11. The Saracen's Head; 12.
Society of the Lakes; 13. Charles Lloyd; 14. Walking
Stewart; 15. Edward Irving; 16. TalfouVd ; 17. The Lon-
don Magazine; 18. Junius; 19. Clare ; 20. Cunningham ;
21. Attack by a London Journal; 22. Duelling. VIII.
and IX. Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers: 1. The
Household Wreck ; 2. The Spanish Nun; 3. Flight of a
Tartar Tribe; 4. System of the Heavens as Revealed by
the Telescope ; 5. Modern Superstition ; 6. Coleridge and
Opium-Eating; 7. Temperance Movement: 8. On War;
9. The Last Days of Immanuel Kant. X. Essays on the
Poets and other English Writers: 1. The Poetry of Words-
worth ; 2. Percy Bysshe Shelley; 3. John Keats; 4. Oliver
Goldsmith; 5. Alexander Pope; 6. W^illiam Godwin; 7.
Jnhn Foster: 8. William Hazlitt; 9. Walter Savage Lan-
dor. XL and XII. IHstoncal and Critical Essays: 1.
Philosophy of Roman History; 2. The Essencs ; 3. Philo-
sophy of Herodotus ; 4. Plato's Republic ; 5. Homer and
the flomcridie; 6. Cicero; 7. Style; 8. Rhetoric. XIII.
and XIV. Essays on Philosophical Writers and other Men
of Letters : 1. Sir William Hamilton ; 2. Sir James Mack-
intosh ; 3. Kant in his Miscellaneous Essays; 4. Herder;
5. John Paul Frederick Richter; 6. Analects from Richter;
7. Lessing; 8. Beutlcy; 9. Parr. XV. Letters to a Young
DEQ
Man whose Education has been Neglected, and other Papers.
XVI. and XVII. Theological Essays, and other Papers.
XVIII. Tlie Note-Book of an English Opium-Eater.
XIX. and XX. Memorials, and other Papers. ■
A selection from his writings is now in course of pub- I
licatinn at London and Edinburgh. Vols. vii. and viii. wero
pub. in May. 1S58; vol. viii., (Edin. ed..) Essays, Sceptical
and Anti-Sceptical; orj Problems Neglected or Miscon-
ceived. 1S58. cr. 8vo.
So far as this edition has proceeded, it will be seen that
Mr. De Quincey has simply republished (with elucidatory
notes) from the American edition. It is but proper to quote
the following lines from a late biographical sketch of the
author:
*■ In the Preface to this edition Mr. De Quincey makes a classi-
fication of liis writings which it is useful to remember. The im-
mense medley, which, in the American edition, is arranged on the
loosest possible principle, may be distributed, he eays, in the main,
iuto three classes of papers: first, papers whose chief purpose is
to interest and amuse, (autobiographic sketches, reminiscences of
distinguished contemporaries, biographical memoirs, whimsical
narratives, and such like;) secondly, essays of a speculative,
critical, or philosophical character, addressing the understanding
as an insulated faculty, (of these there are many;) and, thirdly,
papers belonging to the order of what may be called ' prose-poetry ;'
that is, fantasies or imaginations in prose, (of which class Mr.
De Quincey cites the 'Suspiria de Profundis,' originally published
in Blackwood, as the most characteristic specimen.) Under any
one of the three aspects here indicated, Mr. De Quincey must rank
high in the entire list of British prose-writers." — Knight's Evghsh
Cyc, Biog.. vol. ii. 568.
"It is astonishing bow much more Boston [J. T. Fields] knowa
of my literary acts and purposes than I do myself. M'ere it not in-
deed through Boston, hardly the sixth part of my literary under-
takings— hurried or deliberate, sound, rotting, or rotten — would
ever have reached posterity : which, be it known to thee, most sar-
castic of future censors, already most of them have reached. ' — Pre/.
It is worthy of note that the occasional essays of a
number of distinguished British authors have been first
collected in America. We may instance Macaulay, "Wilson,
Carlyle, De Quincey, Talfourd, Ac. In a review of De
Quiucey's writings pub. in the Loudon Eclectic Review in
1851. it was stated that it was not probable that a collective
edition of his works would ever appear; the author, in con-
sequence of ill health, being disinclined to accede to the
request of several publishers that he would prepare such a
collection for puldication. But, not discouraged by this
unpromising announcement, Mr. Fields determined to col-
lect \i'w writings, and his firm (Ticknor & Fields) offered
the author a share of the profits of the series. Mr. De
Quincey could not withstand an enthusiasm so creditable
to the projectors: he gave his aid to the enterprise, and the
twenty volumes enumerated above are the result. Publishers
of this stamp are an honour to an honourable profession.
As a political economist, Mr. De Quincey has gained as
much credit as he has secured by his jjhilosophieal, bio-
graphical, and critical disquisitions. The Dialogues of
Three Templars on Political Economy, chiefly in relation
to the Principles (respecting value) of Mr. Rieardo. which
appeared in the London Magazine for April and May,
1824, are thus commended by an eminent authority :
"Tliey are unequalled, perhaps, for brevity, pungency, and force.
They not only bring the Kicardian theory of value into strong re-
lief, but triutnphantly repel, or rather annihilate, the objections
urged against it by Malthus in the pamphlet now referred to [Thg
Measure of Value Stated and lllustratedj and his Political Eco-
nriniy, and by Say and others. They may, indeed, be said to have
exhausted the suiiject." — HcOitUoch's Lit. of PoHt. Economy, p. 33.
The same critic thus comments upon De Quiucey's Logic
of Political Economy, (Lon. and Edin., 1844, Svo :)
"This very clever work is intended to unravel intricacies and to
expose sundry errors in the application of the Ricardian theory of
value. It would, however, havi- liccn mure jiopular and successful
had it been less scholastic. It is riglit tu btIo;;ical, but not tobe per-
petually obtruding logical forms ami tei.linicalities on the reader's
attention. This sort of aCTectation is little noticed in a brief essay
like the Templars' Dialogues; but in a goodly-eized volume like
the pre.scut it becomes tiresome and repulsive.*' — Vbi supra, 20.
The general style of the Confessions is thus well de-
scribed by an English critic :
"They have an air of reality and life; and they exhibit such
strong graphic powers as to throw an interest and even a dignity
round a siibject which in less able hands might have been ren-
dered a tissue of tiiiles and absurdities. They are, indeed, very
picturesque and vivid sketches of individual character and feel-
ings, drawn with a boldness yet an exactness of pencil that is to
be found only in one or two prominent geniuses of our day. . . .
They combine strong sense with wild and somewhat fantastic in-
ventions, accuracy of detail with poetic illufitration. and analytical
reasoning and metaphysical research with uncommon pathos and
refineuunt of ideas. . . . Much truth and fine colouring are dis-
played in the descriptions and details of the work : its qualities are
allot a rich and elevated kind,— such as high pathos, profound
views, and deep reasoning, with a happy vein of ridicule indulged
at the writer's own expense." — Lon. Mimth. Jtet\, c. '2SS.
Mr. GilfiUan, commenting upon the charge that this cele-
DEQ
brnted work owed its strength to the inspiration of Opium,
replies, tliat " it is not opium in De Quincey, but De Quin-
cey in opium" that wrote the Suspiriaand the Confessions.
It is to be regretted that the eloquent author has not bet-
ter learned the Art of Sinking- — to the proper level of the
evervdfty tojfics of literature, biography, or criticism,
which he often sees fit to discuss. In the^e ossnys we see
a striking instance of Cicero's dech-iration, " Rcrum copia
Terborum copiam gignet." With such an affluence of lan-
guage, therefore, Mr. De Quincey can well afford occasional
simplicity when the subject demands it.
Another prominent fault of this very learned critic, is
an ostentation of learning, and a thorough contempt, which
he is at no pains to conceal, for those whose opinions do
not happen to coincide with his own. And yet, no man
can build a larger superstructure upon a slender founda-
tion— no man can more sophistically exalt a hypothesis
into a fact, and such assumed fact into an infallible canon
— than this orthodox stickler for the lex acripta.
Mr. De Quincey's conversation is described as fascinating
beyond description. We gire a short extract from the let-
ter of a gentleman who visited him in 1854, at Lasswade,
near Edinburgh, where he hag resided for some years:
" For a half hnur at least he talked as we have never heard an-
other talk. We have listened to Sir Wm. Hamilton at his own fire-
side, to Carlyle walkinfj in the parks of London, to Lamarfine in
the midst of a favoured few at his own house, to Cousin at the Sor-
bonne. and to many others, but never have we heard surh sweet
music of eloquent speech as then (lowed from De Quiiicey"s tongue.
To attempt reporting what he said would >)e like attemiitinjr to
entrap the rays of the sun. Strange light helmed from that grief-
worn face, and for a little while that weak body, so long fed upon
by pain, seemed to be clothed with supernatural youth."
Dequir, Fred. Terra Australis incognita, or a New
Southern Discovcrie, 1617, 4to.
Derante, P. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1722.
Derby, Charles Stanley, Earl of, Lord of Man
and the Isles. The Protestant Religion is a sure Founda-
tion of a true Christian and a good Subject, a great Friend
to human Society, and a grand Promoter of all Virtues,
both Christian and moral, Lon., 4to, 1669, anon. ; 1671, with
author's name.
*■ llis ftther lost his head, and he his liberty, for Charles the Se^
cond. The grateful king rewarded the son with the lord-lieuten-
ancies of two counties. " — WaJpnJe's Ji. <£• N. Authurs.
Derby, Ferdiuando Stanley, 5th Earl of, was the
author of a pastoral poem, communicated to the Antiqua-
rian Repertory by Sir John Hawkins. It will be found in
Park's Walpole's R. &, N. Authors.
*'Oneof our early bards, and not an unpromising one." — Hor.ice
Walpole.
Derby, James Stanley, 7th Earl of, nephew of the
preceding, beheaded 1651, was distinguished for his bravery
in defence of Charles I. His widow, also, defended the
Isle of Man against the republicans. Hist, and Antiq. of
the Isle of Man. Pub. in Peek's Desiderata, vol. ii. 1732.
Declaration, 1649, 4to. Message to Cbas. IL, 1649, 4to.
Charge, 1661, 4to. Trial, 1651, 4to. Speech on the Scaf-
fold. 1651, 4to.
" Among the sufferers for King Charles the First, none cast greater
lustre on the rause than this heroic lord." — Horace Walpole.
Derby, John. Comment, on the four Evangel, and
the Acts, with other thcolog. pieces, by Zachary Pearce,
D.D., Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 4to. Serms. by Z. Pearce, D.D.,
177S, 4 vols. Svo.
Derby, Richard. Perm.. I7IS, Svo.
Dereney, Thos., R.X. Naval Poems, 1S13, 4to.
Derham, Robt. Independence in Ch. Gov't destruc-
tive to English Law, Lon., 1646, 4to. Rights of Parlia-
ment, 1647, Svo.
Derham, Saml. Umington Waters, with directions
for drinking the same, Oxf., 1685.
Derham, VVm., 1657-1735, entered Trinity Coll., Oxf.,
1675; Canon of Windsor, 1716. Physico-Theology, Lon.,
1713, Svo; many edits., 179S, 2 vols. Svo. Astro-Theology,
1714, Svo; 3d ed., 1719. These works have been greatly
commended, and trans, into several languages. Christo-
Theology, 1730, Svo. Miscellanea Curioso; being travels,
voyages,&c. delivered in to the Royal Society, 1720, '26, '27,
3 vols. Svo. See Rich's Amer. Bibl. Nova. This learned
philosopher and divine pub. some other works, and many
papers in Phil. Trans. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
" Few men have had more accurate and extensive acquaintance
with nature, in its grandest and minutest fe.-itures, than Dr. Der-
ham. He was equally at home when travelling among the stars,
and when sojourning; among the insects that flit in the breeze.
... In all the operations of nature he delighted to trace the hand
of nature's God." — Onnt's Bibl. Bib.
'■What hath been communicated by our Ingenious Derham will
nobly serve religion as well as philosophy." — CoTTON Maiheb.
Deriug, Kdward. See Deeuing.
DET
Dering, Sir Edward, See Dearing.
Derkar, Thomas. See Decker.
Dermody, Thomas, 1775-1802, a native of Ennis,
in Irelan<l, displayed poetical powers at a very early age.
In 1792 he pub. a vol. of poems written in his thirteenth year.
In 1793 appeared The Rights of Justice, a polit. pamphlet.
Poems. 1801, 2 vols. Peace; a Poem, ISOl. 4to. Poems,
1802. Svo. The Battle of the Bards; a Poem. He became
a soldier, but disgraced himself by intemperance and died
in poverty at Sydenham. In 1806 Mr. jas. G. Raymond
pub. his Life, Ac., in 2 vols. cr. 8vo, and his poetical works,
under the title of Tho Harp of Erin, in 1807, 2 vols. Svo.
Dermott, L, Free Masonry, Lon., ISOl, Svo.
Derodon, David. Funeral of the Mass, 1673.
Derok, M. Method of Copying, 1796.
De Iloos, F. F, Travels in the United States and
Canada in lS2('t. Lon., Svo.
De Ros, Lord, Colonel R. Army. 1. The Young
Officer's Companion, Lon., 1851. 12mo: *2d ed., 1852, I2mo.
2. Juurnal of a Tour in the Crimea in lS.'!5-36, 1S55, p. Svo.
De Ros, W, F. Yeomanry Regulations, Lon., Svo,
Derrick, Chas. The British Navy, 1806, 4to.
Derrick, Samuel, 1721-1769, a native of Ireland,
.made some trans, from the Latin and French ; edited I)ry-
den's works, 1762, 4 vols. Svo; pub. The Battle of Lora, a
Poem; a collection of voyages, 1703. 2 vols. 12mo ; and a
view of the stage, under the name of Wilkes. 1759. Der-
rick's Jests were pub. in 1769, 12mo. He is best known
by Letters, written from Liverpool, Chester, &c., Dubl.,
1767, 2 vols. 12mo.
" If they had been written by one of a more established name,
they would have been thought very pretty letters.'* — 1»R. Samuio.
Johnson.
Derricke, John. The Image of Irelande. Lon., 1581,
4to. Roxburgbe, 3324, £9 9«. White Knight's, £13.
Derring, EdAvard. See Deering.
Desagulicrs, J, H. Jeweller's Accounts, 1734.
Desaguliers, John. Serm., 1717, Svo.
Dcsaussure, Judge H. AV., of S. Carolina, 1775-
1S39. Reports Ct. Chan, and Ct. of H. in Equity, in S.
Car. from the Rev. to 1813. Columbia, 1817-19^ 4 vols.
Svo; 2d ed., revised and corrected by a member of th«
Philadelphia Bar, 4 vols, in 2, Svo, Phila.
Descherny, David, M.B. The Stone, Lon., 1753, Svo.
Fevers, 1760, 8vo. Stnall-Pox, 1760, Svo. Gout. 1760, Svo.
Des Barres. Cape Breton, Lon., 1804, Svo.
'* Privately printed, and suppressed."
See Colonel Aspinwall's Cat, p. 55.
Des Barres, J, F.W. The Atlantic Neptune; pub.
for the use of the Royal Navy of Great Britain, Lon., 1777,
2 vols, atlas fol.
"The most splendid collection of charts, plans, and views, ever
published. It was executed at the expense of the British Govern-
ment for the use of the British navy, and no expense appears to
have been spared in the execution in order tn render it a monu-
ment worthy of the nation." — liich^s Bibl. Amer. N'ova, q. v. for
collation.
Des Ecotais, Lewis, Memoirs, 1677, Svo.
Deshler, C. D. Selections from the Poetical "Works
of Chaucer, N. York, 1S47, 12mo.
De Sola, Rev. D. A. L., and Raphall, M. J. The
Sacred Scriptures in Hebrew and Greek, Lon., 1844, 1 vol.
Svo: all that luts been pub.
Des ftlaizeaux, Des Maiseaux, or Desmai-
seaux, Peter, 1666-1745, a native of Auvergne, lived
many years in England, where he died. He wrote the
Lives of St. Evremond, Bayle, Boileau, Chillingworth,
and John Hales, pub. a Collection of Pieces by Newton,
Leibnitz, Clarke, Locke, &c., (Amst., 1720, 2 vols. 12mo,)
and engaged in several other literary labours. Bayle's
Dictionary, (in English.) 2d ed., to which is prefixed aLife
of the Author by IJes Maizeaux. Lon., 1734-37, 5 vols. fol.
This ed. is worth about £5, in good condition. We have
already dwelt upon the merits and demerits of Bayle's
Dictionary in our article Birch. Thomas, q. v.
Desmoiiii, W. Chemical Pbilos., Lon., 1S08.
Desmus, R. Merlinus Anonvmus, an Ephemeris
for the year 1653; ditto for 1655, Lon.. 1654, '55, Svo.
Despaurrius, M, Neville Family, founded on Facts,
1S15, 3 vols.
Dessian, J. On Navigation, 1802, '13.
DesvcEux, A. V. A Philos. and Crit, Essay on Eccle-
siastes, Lon., 1760, 4to. In German, at Halle, 1764, 4to.
" He deserves well of all the lovers of sacred literature for the
pains which he has taken to elucidate one of the darkest parts of
Scripture." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
" The author has shown very considerable abilities asacritic." —
Lon. Monthly Btviiti:.
Dethick, Henry, Carmina in Ferias Saeras, Lon.,
1577, 4to.
495
BET
DEW
Dethick, Sir >Vm., Garter Principal King of Arms.
Antiquities of Funeral Ceremonies; of Epitaphs. Mottoes,
and the Christian Keligion in England. See Hearne's Col-
lections, 1771.
Dethycke. Gardener's Labyrinthe, 1586, 4to,
Deucliar, A. British Crests, Edin., 1817, Svo.
Deusbery, >Vm. Theolog. treatises, 1654-55.
Deuwes, Giles. lutroduc. to Frenche, Lon., 4to.
Devarius, M. Graeoae Lingua; Particulis, 1718.
De Veil, Charles 3Iaria,D.D., a learned converted
Jew of ^letz, in Lorraine, joined the Ch. of Koine, then the
Ch. of England, and tinally attached himself to the Bap-
tists, among whom he preached until his death. Explicatio
literalis Evang. sec. Matt, et Marcum, Lon., 1672, '78, 8vo;
do. Cantici Canticorum, 1679 ; do. Minor Prnph., 16S0, Svo ;
do. Ecclesiasticai, 1681; do. Auctorum Apostolorumj 1684.
An English trans, of this last was pub. 1685, Svo.
" All his expositnry works possess considerable value." — Orme^s
Bill. Bib., q. V. lor particular notices.
Deveil, Sir Thos. Life and Times, 1748. Svo.
Devenish, Thos, The Duty of Love, and the Evil
of Uncharitubleness, 1649, 4to.
De Vere, Sir Aubrey. Song of Faith, Devout Ex-
ercises, and Sonnets, Lon,, 1842.
Dedication.— '•'•1^0 William Wordswortb, Esq.: M;/ dear sir— To
know that you have pcrusfd many of the fullowirifi I'oems with
pleasure, and did not hesitate to reward them with your praise, has
been to me cause of unnun^ded happiness. In acceptint; the Dedi-
cation of this Volume, you permit me to link mj' name — which I
have hitherto done so little to illustrate — with yours, the noblest
of modern literature. I may at least hope to be named hereafter
as one among the friends of Wordsworth. As such, I trust you
will ever regard your faithful AcBHEr De Vere.
" Carra Chase, May 20. 1S42."
Waldenses, 1842. The Search after Proserpine, and other
Poems, 1843. Mary Tudor: a Drama, with Poems, 1847.
English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds, 1848. Sketches of
Greece and Turkey, 1850.
De Vere, JVfaximilian Scheie, b. 1820, near Wexio,
in Sweden; Member of the Oriental Society; a resident of
the U.S. 1. Outlines of Comparative Philology, N. York,
12mo. 2. Grammar of the Spanish Language, N.V., 12mo.
3. Stray Leaves from the Book of Nature, N.Y., 1850, 12mo.
Contrib. to Putnam's Monthly, South. Lit. Mess.. &.c.
Devere!. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1720.
Deverell, Mary. Serms., 1777. Svo. Miscellanies,
1781, 2 vols. 12mo. Heroic Poem, 1786, Svo. Queen of
Scots; a Trag., 1792, Svo.
Deverell, Robt. Antiquarian works, Lon., 1802/06.
Discoveries in Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities, 1813,
6 vols. Svo. Withdrawn after the sale of a few copies only.
Fever, 4 to.
Devereux. Views on the Mediterranean, 1847, imp. fol.
Devereux, Hon. Capt., R.N. Lives of the Earls
of Essex, 1540-1646. Lon.. 1852, 2 vols. Svo.
Devereux, J. E. Factions in Ireland. ISOS.
Devereux, Robert, second Earl of Essex, 1567-1601,
the unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth, is classed by
Horace Walpole among the Royal and Noble Authors of
England. See a list of his writings in vol. ii. 76, Park's
ed. Many of his letters will be found in Birch's Memoirs
of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, and in several collections
of State Papers. The Verses written in his Trouble will
be found in Ellis's Specimens; and the Earlo of Essex, his
Buzze, a poetical complaint, is in Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors. Mr. Park is disposed to think that if Warton
had read the Buzze, he would have set a higher estimation
upon the Earl's claims as a poet:
"A few of his sonnets are in the Ashmolean Museum, which
have no marks of poetic penius; but he is a vifjorous and elegant
writer of prose." — Wartoii's Hist, of Eng. Poetnj.
Horace Walpolo considers his long letter to the Queen
from Ireland, on the condition of that country, <fcc., (see
the Bacon Papers, vol. ii. 415.)
" Of all his compositions, the most excellent, and in many re-
spects equal to the performances of the greatest geniuses." — R. and
A'. Authors, Park's ed., ii. 106.
Devereux, Robert, third Earl of Essex, 1592-1646,
only son of the preceding, has also some claims as an au-
thor. A list of bis Letters, Speeches. Proclamations, &c.
will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit., and some in Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
'* Essex had ever an honest heart, and though nature had not
given him eloquence, he had a strong reason which did express
him better."— Arthur Wilson : Ifist. nf King James, p. 162.
" lie was in his friendships just and constant, and would not
have practised foully against those he took to be his enemies." —
Lord Clarenhox: Hist, of Ou- h'fMlicn.
" He was in no way inclined to the sullen opinion of those men
wlio disdain the muses."— Wood: Athen. Ozon. See Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors, lii. 5.
496
■ .Devereux, Thomas P. Reports Supreme Ct.N. Car.,
1S26-H4. Raleigh, 4 vols. Svo, 1S29-36 j in Ct. of Equity,
do., 1S26-34, 2 vols. Svo, 1838-40; T. P. D. and W. H. Bat-
tle. Reports in Superior Ct. of N. Car., 1834-40, 4 vols.
8vo,1837~40; Equity Rcports,lS34-40, 2 vols. 8vo,1838^0.
Devereux, Waiter, first Earl of Essex, 1540-1676,
father of Elizabeth's favourite, was the author of A Godly
and Virtuous Song, otherwise called The Complaynte of a
Sinner, printed in the Paradise of daintie Devises, 1576.
See these verses, collated with the MS. and printed copies,
in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, ii, 18.
De Vericour, L. R. Milton and Epic Poetry. Mo-
dern French Literature. Educational Reports. Other
works. Historical Analysis of Christian Civilization, Lon.,
1850, Svo; 1853.
'• The ol'ject of this work has been to trac* an outline of the His-
tory of European Nations, and of Christian Civilization since the
Christian Era, and to place the Science of History upon its lofty
and real basis, viz.: the doctrine of Progress."
'* An immense body of information is comprised in this volume,
and this too embracing all the ^;reat points in the civil and ecclesi-
astical history of every country in Europe."
Appended to this vol. is an Historical Library or Cata-
logue of Historical Works, occupying twenty pages.
Devis, Ellin. Grammar, Ac, Lon., 1777, '84.
Devis, James. Serm.. 1756.
Devlin, J, Dacres. Helps to Hereford History, Civil
and Lt'fjendary. 1848, 12mo.
*• A little wortt full of antiquarian information, presented in a
pleasing and popular form." — Nimcmfniinist.
Devonshire, Elizabeth Hervey, Duchess of,
1759-1S24. distingui.^hed for beauty, talents, and literary
taste, printed an edit, at Rome of the poem of the passage
of St. Gothnrd by Georgiana, the former Duchess of De-
vonshire, (c. j>o*^) Slic also pub. beautiful edits, of the
5th satire of Horace, lib. i., and the jEneid of Virgil.
Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, 1757-1806,
also distinguished for her beauty and accomplishments,
wrot-e The Passage of Mount St. Gothard, a Poem, pub.
together with an Italian trans, by Sig. Polidori, Lon.. 1802,
fol. Another ed. in English and French by the Abbe de
Lille, 1802, Svo. An edit, was also pub. at Rome, v. ante.
Dew, Samuel. Serm., 1735, Svo.
Dew, Thomas, late Pres. of the Coll. of William and
Mary. A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners, and Insti-
tutiuns of tlic Ancient and Modern Nations, N.Y.. 1853, Svo.
"1 greatly prefer it to any history for the use of schools which
I bavi* seen.'" — Prof. J. J. Owen, N. York Free Academy.
DcAV, Thomas R., d. 1846, graduated at William
and Mary Cidlege, and at the age of 23 occupied the
chair of Moral Science in the same institution. 1. Lec-
tures on the Restrictive System, Richmond, Svo. 2.
Lectures on Ancient and Modern History; new ed., N.
York, 1S53, Svo. 3. A volume on Slavery, in which ho
advocates the views held by John C. Calhoun.
Dewar, Daniel, D.D. Observations on the Irish,
1812, Svo. Discourses illus. of the Designs of Christ'y.,
1S18, Svo.
" The style is generally elegant, chaste, and classical." — Ij}n.
Conqrig. Mag.
The Church, 1S45, Svo. The Holy Spirit, His Personality
and Divinity, Lon., 1847, Svo.
"We earnestly commend the book to students of divinity." —
Lon. Evangel. Mag.
The Nature, ReaUty,and Efficacy of the Atonement,! 2mo.
'* A candid, elaborate, and spirited defence of the truth as it is in
Jesus." — Lon. Christian Instructor.
Other works.
Dcwar, Ed, H. German Protestantism, Oxf., 1S44.
Dewar, Henry, M.D. Profess, treatises, Ac, 180.3-17.
DeAveU, T., M.D. Philos. of Physic. 1784, Svo.
Dewees, William Potts, M.D., 1768-1841, Prof, of
Midwifery in the University of Pennsylvania. Inaugural
Essavs ; 2 edits. Medical Essays, Phila., 1823. System
of M'idwifery. 12th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 600.
*' It is founded on the French system of Obstetrics, especially on
that of llaudelociiue. It takes a stand in advance of Dt^nham,
Osborne, llurns, and other English authorities in peneial use in
our country at that period, and even of Baudelocque himself, in
throwing aside from his excellent system much that was useless,
and. it may be said, imaginative." — Memoir by U. L. Hodge, M.D.,
in Amer. Mid. Jmirual.
A Treatise on the Physical and Medical Treatment of
Children, 1825; 10th ed., 1854. Svo, pp. 548. A Treatise
on the Diseases of Females, 1826; 10th ed., lS54.Svo, pp.
532. On the Practice of Medicine, 18;:!0.
"lie chose Baudeloc<jue for his teacher, and often declared that
he was indebted to that mostdistinguished French obstetrician for
all that he knew himself of midwifery. The disciple was worthy
of his master." — Supra ; vide Williams's Med. Biof?.. 1S45, Svo.
D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, 1602-1650, a native of Cox-
don, Dorsetshire, was educated at St. John's Coll., Camb.
DEW
DIB
At the early ago of IS he commenced collecting materials
for a History of England. These were pub. after his death,
revised by Paul Bowes, under the title of The Journal of
all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth,
1682, ful.. and 16S7, '9^, and 1708.
''Tbe Journals of tbe Parliaments, by Sir Symonds D'Ewes, is a
work of authority connt-cted witb tbe rei;;n of Quet^n Kbzalieth.
Tbe prefiicf is worth reading;; it is auiniatiDj;, it is edifying, to nee
the piety and industry of these venerable men of former tiuies." —
Prnf. Smi/f?i's Lects. on Mod. Hist. And see Ediii. Kev., Ixxxiv. 7G.
Two Speeches: 1. The Antiquity of Camln-idge; 2. The
Privilege of Parliament, ItUl.ful.; 1(142. Other Speeches,
&c. lu 1845 was pub. Sir Symonds D'Ewcs's Autobiog.
and Corresp., edited by Ilalliwell, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. These
vol?, should ace"m]iany the Diaries of Eveh'n and Pepys.
Dewey, George \V., b. ISIS, at Ualtimoro. is a resi-
dent of Philadelphia. He has contributed a number of
poems and prose essays to the periodicals of the day. See
specimens in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
•■Of our younger and minor poets no one has more natuial grace
and tenderness than George W. Dewey. . . . lie has not written
much, but whatever he has given to the publii' is written well, and
all his compositions have tbe si;j:n of ,t genuineness that neVL-r fails
to please." — I international Magazine, iii. 286, lSr.l.
Dewey, Orville, D.D., b. 1794, in Sheffield. Berkshire
CO., Massachusetts, a Unitarian minister. Dis.-our.'es on
Various Subjects, 18^5, 3 vols. The Old 'World and the
New; or Journal of a Tour iu Europe. 18:^6, 2 v<ds. Moral
Views of Commerce, Society, and Polities, in 12 Discaurses, '
1838. Discourses on Human Life, 1841. Discourses and i
Reviews on Questions relating to Controversial Theology
and Practical Religion, 1846. On Human Nature, Human I
Life, Ac., 1847. On the Nature of Religion and on Busi-
ness, 1847. Works, 1847, 3 vols. Many of Mr. Dewey*s '
works have been repub. in London, 1838-51. [
" His reasoniufi is generally comprehensive, and his illustrations I
often poetical. There is a happy mixture of ease and tinish in his
style." — Griswold's Prose WriUrs of America.
DeAvhirst. Rev. Chas. Theolog. treatises, 1813-35. i
Dewinp, H. C. Mysteries of Paris, r. 8vo.
De Wiut, Mrs. J. i'. The Journal and Correspond- '
cuce of Miss Adams, daughter of John Adams, President
of the U. States, and wife of Cnl. Smith. Sec. to the Ame-
rican Legation at London. N. York, 1S41-42, 2 vols. Mrs.
De Wint was a daughter of Mrs. Adams.
De Witt, Beiij., M.D.. of N. York. d. I.>19, n^ed 45.
Oxygen, 1797. Oration. 1808. Minerals in N. York; pub. )
in Mem. of A. A. S., vol. ii. I
^ De Witt, Simeon, of Ithaca, N. York, d. 1834, aged '
79. On Engineering, Ac.
De M'itti Susan, d. 1 824. The Pleasures of Religion ;
a Pnem.
•' It has been much read and admired."— .4ff^j! Amer. Biog. Diet.
De Wolf, 1.. E. Constable's Guide, 1845, 12mo.
De Wolf, Wm, P, Rose's Chemical Tables, 1850,
r. Bvo.
Dexter, Samuel, of Boston, 1761-1816. Secretary of
War of tbe U. States. Speeches. Political Papers.
Dey, R. Two Books over Lincoln; or a View of his
Holy Table, Name, and Thing.
Diaper, Wm. Dryades; a Poem, and a trans, from
Oppian into English Verse, 1713, '22.
Dilriben, Thomas. Serms., 1711. '12.
Dibdin, Charles, 1745-1814, an actor and dramatist,
is still better known liy his famous Sea-Songs, which amount
to nearly 1200 in nutubor. A new ed., with a Memoir by
T. Dibdin, illustrated byG. Cniikshank, was pub. in 1850,
fp. 8vo.
** These Sonp^s have been the solace of sailors in long voyages, in
storms, in battles; and they have Iieen quoted in mutinies to the
restoration of order and discipline." — Ditxlin's tiff:.
A list of 47 dramatic pieces, and a number of other pub-
lications, will be found in Biog. Draraat. He pub. in 1795
a complete History of the English vStage. 5 vols. 8vo. This
work is not much valued. See Collier, J. P. |
Dibdin, Charles, Jr., d. 1833, son of the preceding,
also pub. a number of songs and dramatic pieces. See
Biog. Draniat. |
Dibdin, Thomas, 1771-1841. brother of the pre- i
ceding, was also a dramatic poet and song-writer. His first
piece, The Mad Guardian, was pub. under the assumed
name of T. Merchant. See a list of his pieces, 39 in num-
ber, in the Biog. Dramat. He is said to have composed
more than 1000 songs. In 1813 he pidj. The Metrical Hist,
of England, 2 vols. Svo ; and in 1S28, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared
his Reminiscences.
" Dibdins Reroiniscenres will be found to contain a larger portion
of curious history relatino; to the intrigues and cabals connected
with the intern.tl manairement of our national theatres than any
other work extant.' — Lon. M. Chronicle.
32
Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, D.D., 1775-1847, an
eminent English bibliographer, was a nephew of Charles
Dibdin, thenaval snng-writer, and asonof Captain Thomas
Dibdin, celebrated by his brother as
"Poor Tom Bowlinfr. the darling of our crew."
The subject of our memoir, who was born at Calcutta,
lost both of his parents when he was but ibur years of age,
and being sent to England, was placed under the guardian-
ship of his maternal uncle, Mr. William Compton. After
passing through his preparatory studies at Reading, Stock-
well, and Isleworth, he was matriculated at Oxford as a
commoner of St. John's College. Selecting the profession
of law. ho became a pupil of Mr. Basil Montagu of Lin-
coln's Inn ; but having determined after mature reflection
to enter the Church, he was in 1804 ordained by Dr. North,
Bishop of Winchester. For biograpbieal details connected
with Dr. Dibdin as a clergyman, we must refer the reader
to his own Reminiscences, pub. in 1836, 2 vols. 8vo, and to
the excellent obituary notice in the Gentleman's Magazine
for Jan., 1848, to which sources we shall be indebted for
some of the facts which it is our intention to record.
Whilst at Oxford he wrote a number of essays, which were
pub. in the European Magazine, and some poetical pieces,
which were printed in a vol. in 1797, Svo. The author's
estimate of these productions does not seem to have been
very high :
"I struck off 500 copies, and wns triad to get rid of half of them
as waste paper; the remaininj; half have been partly destroyed by
my own hands. . . . My only consolation is that the volume is
now KXCEEDING1.V BARE." — Bibliomania, edit. 1S09. See Reminis-
cences, 176.
Whilst at Worcester he wrote some tales, one of which,
La Belle Marianne, was privately printed in 1824. For a
short time — the journal, indeed, was shr>rt-lived — Dibdin
contributed to a weekly periodical entitled The Quiz, the
articles connected with antiquity and art. While still en-
gaged in legal pursuits, he pub., each on a large sheet, an
analysis of Blackstone's Rights of Persons, and the Law of
the Poor Rate. In 1S02 he edited a Ili.-t. of Cheltenham,
and pub. the first edit, of his Introduction to the Greek
and Latin Classics; in 1805 trans. Fenelun on the Educa-
tion of Daughters ; and in 1807 contributed to the Weekly
Director, of which he also edited the essays entitled Biblio-
graphiana, and the British Gallery. In the same year
he edited (under tbe assumed name of Reginald Wolfe)
Quarlos's Judgment and Mercy lor Afllicted Souls, and in
18(18 superintended a new edit, of Sir Thomas More's Uto-
pia. In 1S09 Dr. Ferriar addressed to Richard Heber. Esq.,
the princely book-collector, a poetical epistle entitled The
Bibliomania. This suggested to Dr. Dibdin his amusing
and instructive volume of the same name. The first edi-
tion, printed in 1809, was a small octavo volume uf 87 pages.
It was reprinted and appended t" the 3d edit., pub. in 1842,
where it occupies but 64 pages. An enlarged edit, appeared
in 1811, 8vo, with the addition of A Bibliographical Ro-
mance to the title. It was favourably received, and paid
the author a profit of £200. It was pub. at £1 7s.; 19
large-paper copies were struck off in 2 vols. imp. 8vo, at
ten guineas each. This edit, was in such demand before
the publication of the 3d, that small copies were sold for
eight guineas, and large paper for 50 guineas. We quote
some opinions upon the merits of this favourite volume:
"It would be mere affectation to say that I have not derived
much information from it. . . . Indeed your knowledge of biblio-
graphy has excited my surprise." — Dr. Ferf.iar.
" Your books are no dead letters— no mere dry transcripts: but
while tht-y furnish beautiful ornaments, set tbe senses all in mo-
tion; exhibit a happy fcilent of reassembling and new-combining
your widt-sought and infinite materials. To lead the dance of
ideas, to race over such an immeasurable field of literature, can
only be given to one of the most elastic and vigorous powers.'"—
Sir p. Eqertos Brtdoes.
"I have not yet recovered from the delightful delirium into
which your 'Bibliomania' has completely thrown me. . . . Tour
book, to my taste, is one of the most extraordinarj' gratifications
I have enjoyed for many years. You have glued me down to two
hundred pages at a sitting, and I can repeat the pleasure with-
out lopin? it." — Isaac nsKAELi.
''You have given us another 5Iori:e Encomium, seasoned with
a salt which that work has not — with the united flavour of tjayety
and good humour. Y^et I fear that j'ou. like many other doctors,
will only make tbe disease worse.'' — Francis Douce.
"The Bibliomania being once entered on, compelled me to he-
come a 'borrower of the night for a dark hour or twain' to finish
it. I can truly say that I was much amused and interested by
it." — E. V. Utterson.
"I have been revelling for the last two days in the delichts of
your new edition of The Bibliomania." — Sir FRANas Freeung.
" A thousand thanks, my dear sir, for your lively satire." —
Walteb Scott.
"To the extensive and amusing information contained in these
works, [edits, of 1809 and ISU.] the larmier volume espe-Mallv, the
limits of this notice are iniidequate to render justice. -Ml Mr. Dil>-
497
DIB
din's puMic.itiAns are indispensably necessary to the >'iblio[rr.iphi-
cal student. Happy may he deem himself who possesses a cofiy
of this work." — Hi^rne's Introduc. lo Biblifigrajihy, p. 621.
To these testimonies of the value of the Bibliomania could
be addeil those of Earl Sjiencor, the Rt. Hon. Thus. Gix-n-
villc. Sir M. M. Sylies, the Rev. Henry Drury, and others.
Of illustrated copies, one belonging to Mr. Wm. Turner
of Islington, was sold to Mr. Town of Kew York for 60
guineas, and the author remarks :
" I believe I have seen a similar copy on large paper, marked in
a bookseller's catalogue at one hundred and twenty guineas."
The third edit, of the Bibliomania was pub. in 1842,
r. 8vo, small paper, £3 'is.; large paper, £5 5«. This edit,
is much the best, and contains a key to the assumed Cha-
racters in the Komanee.
It is here proper to notice two privately-printed brochures
of Dr. Dibdin ; one, entitled Specimen Bibliothecse Bri-
tannicffl, was printed in 180.S ; the other. Specimen of an
English De Bure, in ISIO. In 1807-11 he pub. three arti-
cles in the Classical Journal on the first Bilile and Psalters
printed at Mentz ; and in 1811 he printed privately the
Lincolne Nosegay, a selection of poetical pieces.
The next great work of our enterprising bibliographer —
The Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain — has
already been noticed at length in our article Ames. Joseph,
to which we refer the reader. The 66 large paper copies,
imp. 4to, were pub. at £29 8«. : small paper, £14 14».
About a year after the publication of the 2d edit, of the
Bibliomania, at the suggestion of Dr. Dilidin, the famous
Roxburghe Club was established. It may be said to have
sprung out of the sale of the Roxburghe Library. Earl
Spencer was chosen President, and our author Vice-Pre-
sident.
AVe now come to notice the Bibliotheca Spenceri.ana,
pub. in 4 vols, super-roy. 8vo, in 1814; small paper at £S 8s.
and £9 9«.. and large paper £18 18s. The germ of this
splendid work was a small volume of 34 pp., of which 36
copies were printed, entitled Book Rarities, or a Descrip-
tive Catalogue of some of the most curious, rare, and va-
luable books of early date, chiefly in the collection of the
Rt. Hon. George Jolin, Earl Spencer, K. G. It is devoted,
with two exceptions, to the early-printed Dantes and Pe-
trarcbs at Spencer House. To the Bibliotheca Spenceriana
a supplement was added in 1815, and ^des Althorpiana? —
a description of Spencer House and its treasures — pub. in
1822, may be considered vols. 5th and 6th, and the Cata-
logue of the Cassano Library, vol. 7th, of this interesting
series. The author of this noble set of books might well
sav, on reviewing the results of his labours:
'*' I have done every thing in my power to establish, on a firm
foundation, the celebrity of a Library of which the remembrance
can only perish with every other record of individual feme."
In 1817, 3 vols. r. Svo, appeared The Bibliographical
Decameron, or Ten Days' Pleasant Discourse upon Illumi-
nated Manuscripts, and subjects connected with Early En-
graving, Topography, and Bibliography. The small -paper
copies, of which there were 760, were sold at £7 17s. dd.
to subscribers ; £9 9«. to non-subscribers ; large paper,
£15 15«. Overtures were made for its republication in
French, but it was too late. The curious blocks from which
the engravings were made had been destroyed by the au-
thor and his friends. Although a thorough-paced biblio-
maniac, we have no sympathy with such barbarous waste.
The Decameron is assuredly one of the most beautiful, as
' well as one of the most instructive, books in the language.
We have space for the quotation of one opinion only :
" The volumes not only exceed my expectation, but even my
imagination. I could never have conceived any work so interest-
ing for its decorations. It is surely without a rival in the whole
history of Typography."— Ts.vac Disrieli.
We must notice two illustrated copies of this work. One
is in the library of Lord Sp(
at Althorp. Among
other rarities, it has many duplicate proofs of coppe
plates. It cost his lordship upwards of 150 guineas. The
other copy was formerly in the possession of George Henry
Freeling. He had extended his three volumes to eleven,
which were bound in morocco by the famous Lewis. Mr.
Freeling, as will readily be believed, was enthusiastically
fond of the Decameron.
"If the gods could read," he excLaimed, "they would
never bo without a copy of the Decameron in their side-
pocket !"
In 1821 our author gave to the world the results of his
nine months' exploration of continental libraries, in A Bi-
bliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in France
and Germany, 3 vols. r. Svo. The money paid to engravers
alone in the getting up of these volumes approached £5000.
"A Work the most costly on the score of embellishments, and
the most perilous on that of responsibility, in which a Traveller —
498
DIB
relying upon his own resources exclusively — was ever engaged." —
Author's Rrmiiiiscenc^s.
'• One of the most t)eautiful and covetable books of modern
times." — UoBEr.T Socthet.
" Your splendid work is one of the most handsome which ever
came from the liritish Press."— W.ilteb Scott.
The Tour was pub. at £9 9«., small pap^, and £16 16».,
large paper. Of illustrated copies, perhaps the most re-
markable is one which passed through the hands of Henry
Drury, George Hibbcrt, and P. A. Hanrott. It sold at Hib-
bert's sale for £92 8«., and at Hanrott's for £178 10».
The gentlemen who paid this price for it was induced to
part with it liy "a very splendid offer," but what that was,
wo believe, has not transpired. An account of this beau-
tiful copy may be seen in Bibliotheca Hanrottiana, No.
2412. A second edition of the Tour, in 3 smaller volumes,
was pub. in 1829. It is a very meagre affair compared
with the first impression, and pub. at only £2 15». There
is also a French trans, by M. Theodore Licquet, Paris,
1825, 4 vols. 8vo. In 1819 Dr. Dibdin projected a His-
tory of the University of Oxford, which it is much to be
regretted should have failed for want of encouragement.
This noble university is much to blame for its neglect of
a matter in which it has so deep an interest. From June,
1822, to Dec, 1825, he contributed a number of articles to
Valpy's Museum, a periodical of short continuance. lu
1824 he pub. The Library Companion, or the Young Man's
Guide and the Old Man's Comfort in the choice of a Library.
A second vol. was contemplated, but the British Critic and
the Westminster Quarterly Reviews criticized the work
severely, and it was not continued. Nevertheless, it is
a work* of considerable value, and deserves a wider circu-
lation than it has obtained. It was pub. at £1 7s. : a few
copies on large paper at £5 5«. A second edit, appeared
in 1825. From an anecdote recorded at page 394 of the
first edit., concerning " certain buckskins," and which is
omitted in the subsequent one. it has acquired the title of
the '• Breeches Edition," and is quoted as such in the Bib-
liophobia.
In 1820, .and also in 1825, our author pub. a volume of
sermons, two single sermons in 1830 and 1831, an edit, of
Thomas a Kcmpis's Imitation of Christ in 1828, and a
collection of sermons by various authors in 6 vols, in 1830.
Of this collection, entitled The Sunday Library, or the
Protestant's Manual for the Sabbath Day, more than 4000
perfect sets were sold. It was pub. at £1 10s., and a new
edit, was issued in 1851 at the very low price of 16s.
l^rincipal Autkors. — Bp. Blomfield, Rev. Robert Hall,
Bp. Heber, Jones of Nayland, C. W. Le Bas, Bp. Maltby,
Bp. Mant, Dean Milman, Dr. Parr, Archdeacon Pott, Rev.
Sidney Smith, Archbishop Sumuer, liji. Van Jlildert, &e.
In 1827 he issued a 4th edit, of his Introduction to the
Greek and Latin Classics. Of this work the first edit,
was pub. in 1803, the 2d in 1804, and the 3d in 1809. The
4th edit, was pub. at £2 2«. : large paper, £6 6s. It is a
most valuable work, and will save the classical student
much time and toil. In 1831 he pub. anonymously a
pamphlet, entitled Bibliophobia : Remarks on the Present
languid and depressed state of Literature and the Book
Trade; in a Letter addressed to the Author of the Biblio-
mania: by Mercurius Rusticus, with Notes by Cato Par-
vus. This is an amusing, though to the true Biblioma-
niac also a melancholy, volume. In 1833 our author pub.
two small vols, entitled Lent Lectures.
"These subjects are well chosen, and Dr. Dibdin, who doubtless
knows full \v,ll what a London audience is, tells them very plainly
that h<' think'; it i-xpi'dient not to attempt too much, but to set
before them the strongest and most striking points of each sul)-
ject." — llrili^li Magazine.
His Reminiscences of a Literary Life, which should be
in the possession of every one aspiring to be a man of
books, was pub. in 1836, 2 vols. Svo. It is a most valu-
able storehouse of biographical .and bibliographical anec-
dote. In 1838 oppeared A Bildiogr.aphical, Antiquarian,
and Picturesque Tour in the Northern Counties of Eng-
land aud Scotland, 2 vols. r. Svo ; small paper, £4 14s. 6d. ;
large paper, £8 ISs. 6'^. This is a handsome work, but
much inferior to the Tour in France and Germany. To
Dr. Dibdin, more than to any other individual, is to be
ascribed the prevalence of the spirit of Bibliomania which
raged with such violence iu England from about 1812 to
1S24. Did our space permit, we might perhaps occupy a
few pages not unprofitably in considering the tempting
subject of book-collecting, its use and abuse, its advan-
tages aud disadvantages, its excess and its proper limits.
It is a subject much misunderstood by the ignorant, and
often misrepresented by the contracted. Informed by
knowledge and restrained by discretion, it is certainly one
of the moat useful, as well as amiable, of euthusiasms.
DIG
DIG
To quote from the author whose labours in this depart-
ment we have now had under consideration ;
"When the Study of Bujuoorapht shall be more generally cul-
tivated, its uses ivill be more generally acknowledged. It will he
found to rank among those branches of antiquarian research which
are as conducive to correct taste and intelligence as any other."
But we should be disposed to claim much more than
this for enlightened Bibliographv.
Into the particular merits or demerits as a bibliographer,
of the author of The Decameron, we will not be expected
to examine, in the brief limits to which we are confined.
There can be no question, however, of the justice of the
commendations which we now quote with entire approba-
tion, and with which we shall conclude our article:
" No collection can be com])lete without Dr. Dibdin's volumes,
which are, independent of the solid information they contain, fre-
quently enlivened by literary anecdotes, and rendered generally in-
terestlog by gre-at variety of observation and .acuteness of rema'rk.''
" You have contrived to strew flowers over a path which, in
other hands, would have proved a very dull one; and all Biblio-
mancs must remember you long, as he who first united their an-
tiquarian details with good-humoured laillery and cheerfulness." —
Sir WalUr fiaM tii Dr. Uibdin.
Diceto, Radulph De. .See RAnrLPH de Diceto.
Dicey, Thomas. Hist. Account of Guernsey, with
Remarks on Jersey and other Lslands, Lon., 1750J 12mo.
This work has been highly commended.
Dick, Sir Alex., 17U.i-1785, a distinguished Scottish
jihysician. De Ei.ilepsia, 1725. Account of his Life.
Trans. R. Soc, Edin., 1790.
Dick, Andrew Coventry, Advocate. Dissertation
on Church Polity, Edin., li>35, sm. 8yo; last ed., 1851,
12mo.
" An excellent piece of sound and eloquent argumentation." —
Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
" A book very ably written, and containing the best arguments
in &vour of the voluntar)' ."iystem that 1 Lave ever seen."— iord
AbeJ-deen, in the Hmtse of Lfirds.
The Nature and Office of the Sf.ate, Lon., ISiS, 8vo.
Dick, John, D.D., 1764-18.33, a native of Aberdeen,
Prof, of Theol. to Uniteil Secession Church. False Teach-
ers, Edin., 1788, 8yo. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1800,
12mo; 1804, 8vo; Glasg., 1813, 8vo.
" Altoirether the best essay in the langu.aje on the subject of
inspiration." — Ortnc's Bibl. Bib., 1824.
" A sensible and well-written essay." — Home's Bihl. Bib.
Lectures on Theology, with a Memoir by his son, 2d
ed., Edin., 1834, 4 vols. 8vo.
oA body of Christian theology, lucid, discriminating, compre-
hensive, orthodox." — Witli^tms's CItristian Preacher.
Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Glasg., 1805-08,
2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1822, 8vo; 3d ed., 1848, sm. 8vo.
" Well written, though not critical."— Oimc's Bibl. Bib.
"They contain altogether a useful illustration of many import-
ant passages of the Acts; they are full of good -sense and ortho-
dox diviuity, conveyed in a perspicuous and easy style." — Lon.
Eclectic Remexc.
A vol. of Dr. Dick's sermons has been published.
Dick, Robert, D.D. Serms., 1758, '62, Edin,, 8vo.
Dick, Robert, M.D. Derangement of the Digestive
Organs, Lon., 1843, cr. 8vo. Diet and Regimen, 1838,
p. 8vo; 1839, 12mo.
"One of the most enlightened and philosophical writers of his
class." — Lmi.. Monthly Beriejc.
"It treats most nl.lv nf .iirt and physical cultivation, and also
of moral and int..Ilrrfii.il rr'AahMun."— Lon. Literary Oazetle.
Dick, Rev. Thomas, LL.D., 1774-1857, b. near
Dundee, Scotland, nobly earned the dignified title attached
to one of his excellent volumes, — The Christian Philoso-
pher. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh,
and, after completing his studies, entered the ministry
of the Secession Church. Much of his time was devoted
to teaching, for which elevated and philanthropic calling
few rnen have been better fitted. An interesting notice
of this venerated benefactor of bis race will be found
in Professor C. D. Cleveland's (a personal and attached
friend of Dr. Dick) English Literature of the I'Jth Century,
in which work we find the following list of Dr. Dick's
publications:
1. The Christian Philosopher, or the Connection of
Science with Religion, 1823. 2. The Philosophy of Reli-
gion, or an Dlustration of the Mor.al Laws of the Uni-
verse, 1825. 3. The Philosophy of a Future State, 1828.
4. The Improvement of Society by the Difl'usion of Know-
ledge. 5. On the Mental Illumination and Mor.al Im-
provement of M.ankind, 1835. 6. Christian Beneficence
contrasted with Covetousness, 1836, 7. Celesti.al Scenery,
1838. 8. The Sidereal Heavens, 1840. 9. The Practical
Astronomer, 1845. 10. The Solar System, 1846. 11. The
Atmosphere and Atmospherical Phenomena, 1848. 12.
The Telescope and Microscope, 1851. Several of these
works have been trans, into other languages, and the So-
lar System into the Chinese. Dr. Dick has also contri-
buted largely to the periodicals of the day. Messrs. E.
C. & J. Biddle of Phibadelphia pub. in 1850 a uniform
edition of Dr. Dick's works in 10 vols. 12mo. Messrs. Ap-
plegate & Co. of Cincinnati also publish a fine edition,
complete in 2 vols. r. 8vo. We have before us commenda-
tory notices of Dr. Dick's volumes from no less than twenty-
three British periodicals. From these we extract the fol-
lowing:
Notice of the Philosophy of Religion :
"In discussing these interesting and imjxirtant topics. Dr. Dick
assumes the truth of Divine Kevel.ation, and taking nature and
revelation as they stand, ende.avours to show the philosophy— in
other words, the reasonableness — of what has been done, so as to
justify the ways of God to man. The design of such a work is
lofty and benignant, and Dr. Dick has brought to his great argu-
ment a vast .amount of illustration and proof, presented in a style
condensed and perspicuous, .and imbued with the feeling appro-
priate to such a theme. We commend it earnestly to the general
reader, and not less so to the Christian preacher. ' Such modes of
dealing with the foundation of things need to be more common in
our pulpits."— Brifiift Quarterly Review.
Notices of Celestial Scenery ;
^ "This fiimiliar explanation of the most interesting phenomena
is well calculated to unfold the wonders of astronomy to those who
are unacquainted with the mysteries of that science; while those
who have learned its principles will derive pleasure from the specu-
lations on the different aspects of our system, as viewed from the
sun and the several planets." — Lon. Alhenceum.
"An admirable book to put into the hands of youth and general
readei-s.' — Lon. Literary ikizdte.
" This is an admirable book, not more v.aluable for the excellence
of its intention, th.an for the taste, right feeling, and manly simpli-
city of its execution. It is one of the most beautiful and readable
books we ever had in our hands."— G/«,«jio«i Ckrmicle.
"Dr. Dick is not a mere collector of the opinions of others; but
one who has thought and investigated for himself."— Zon. Evan-
gelical Magazine.
Notices of the Sidereal Heavens :
"A very interesting compiLation, made by a practical man, and
one which we can have no fear of recommending as a fit sequel to
the Celestial Scenery of the same author."— tVmrc/l of Enqland
Quarterly Revievj.
"The grandeur of our author's conceptions, the beauty of his
style, and the rationality of his conclusions, equally charm the
mind. We most unhesitatingly recommend our readers to treat
themselves with the gratification of perusing this sublime book
Our author is a Christian philosopher."- ira. Herald of Peace.
" A popular work on astronomv, in which the author addresses
himself to general students rather than to scientific readers; and
he further improves his design by turning the thoughts of all to-
wards the omnipotent Deity, whose works he describes as far as
they are cognizable by human faculties."— £o»!. Literary Gazette.
" No one can peruse this volume without being inspired with
profound admiration and awe, and filled with emotions of deep hu-
mility and reverence. The work is characterized by profound and
elaborate research, suited to the high and imposing theme, and is
pervaded by a reverential spirit towards the mighty Architect We
unhesitatingly commend the work to the perusal of every class."—
Scottish Pilot.
" We have seldom met with a more readable or instructive work,
lie who has fairly mastered its contents will find himself a sort of
living encyclopa>dia of astronomical facts. It is pervaded from
beginniug to end. by a feeling of the deepest piety towards that
Demg whose celestial architecture it is the author's object to bring
before the wondering and adoring mind of the reixin."— Grant's
Journal.
Notices of Christian Beneficence contrasted with Covet-
ousness :
'•A treatise of singular merit and interest, which cannot be read
without largely instructing the understaading, and deeply im-
pressing .and affecting the heart."— A'eiu Cannexim Magazine.
" It is, indeed, a truly excellent treatise. In every part it comes
forcibly home to the judgment and conscience of the reader. .
The style of Dr. Dirk is correct, dignified, and impressive. The
merit of the work lies in its eminent adiiptation for usefulness
It IS a manly, judicious, and scriptural statement of the reasons
and grounds of liberality of conduct."— ftnerui Baptist Repository.
W e hope that what has not already been effected by sober argu-
ment and solemn appeals, will result in this case from what may
be regarJcHl .as a volume of practical evidence, in which the working
of tliese aiKajrniiist principles is fairly set forth."— ion. Edec. Sev.
See alsi. Clin.. Month. Spec, ix. 149, (bv Denison Olmsted.)
Dick, Thomas Lauder. Con. on Natural Philoa.
to Annals Phil., 1815, '16, '17.
^ Dick, Sir VVm. His lamentable Case and distressed
Estate, Lon.. 1656, fol. A rare book, which has been sold
at great prices. Dowdeswell, 312, £52 10». ; Dent, pt. 1.,
837, £26 5.. ; Sir P. Thompson, £28 17s. 6d.
Dick, VVm. Dropsies; Med. Com., 1786.
Dick, Wm. A Manual of Veterinary Science from
the 7th edit, Encyc. Brit., Edin. and Lon., 1842, p. 8vo.
"All Farmers and Cattle-de.alers, Shepherds, Stahlers, Coach-
contractors, every man who is interested in the s! udy of Veteri-
nary Medicine, should have Mr. Dick's manual in his possession."
— Ellin. Advertiser.
" Written and compiled with great care. . . . The views will h«
found sober, practical, and judicious."— 9w7r. Jour.of AgricuU.
Dicken, Alldersey. Scrms., Camb., 1823.
Dickens, Chaileb. Serms., 1757, 'S3.
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Dickens, Charles, b. 1812, at Lnndport, Portsmouth. '
Englancl, enjoys the reputation of being the most popular
author of the clay. His father, John Diekens, held a post
in the Navy Pay Department, and was subsequently a re-
porter of parliamentary debates. Charles was intended for
the profession of the law, but finding no pleasure in his
studies, obtained his father's consent to "join the parlia-
mentary corps of a daily newspaper." He was first en-
gaged in the office of the True Sun, and subsequently
formed a connexion with the Morning Chronicle, in the
evening edition of which appeared the Sketches of Life
and Character, afterwards pub. as Sketches by Boz in 2
vols., 1836, '37. The extraordinary merit of these papers
was at once acknowledgeil, and an enterprising publisher
engaged Mr. Dickens and Mr. Seymour, the comic draughts-
man, " the one to write and the other to illustrate a book
which should exhibit the adventures of a party of Cockney
Sportsmen." Seymour committed suicide before the book
was finished, and the illustrations were continued by Hablot
K. Browne, under the signature of "Phiz." Never was a
book received with more rapturous enthusiasm than that
•which greeted the Pickwick Papers ! It may be said, with-
out a trope, that from the peer in his p.alace to the Jehu on
DIG
Dwijht.) xxxii., (by A. P. Peabody ;) Bost, Liv. Age. xxi,;
N. yTjrk Eclcc. Mag., v., vii., viii., ix., xvi. ; N. York Eclec.
Mus., i. ; Phila. Mus., xxxi., xxxii. From three or four
of these reviews we append brief quotations:
"The popularity of this writer is one of the most remarkable
literary ijheuomcna of recent times, for it has been fairly earned
without resorting' to any of the means by which most other writers
have suci-eiiled in alliactiug tUeattenlion of their contemporaries.
He bus tiattered no popular prejudice, and profited by no passing
follv : he lias attempted no caricature sketches of the manners or
convei-satiou of the aristocracy ; and there are very few political or
personal allusions in his works. Moreover, his class of subjects
are such as tn expose him at the outset to the tatal objection of
vul"arity : and, \vith the exception of occasional extracts in the
ue^vspapei s. he received little or no assistance from the press. Yet,
in less than six months from the appearance of the first number
of the Pickwick Papers, the whole reading public were talkmg
about then:— the names of Winkle, Wardell, Wcller, Snodgrass,
Dodson, and Fogg, had become familiar in our mouths as house-
hold terms ; and Mr. Dickens was the grand object of interest to
the whole tribe of ■ Leo-hunters,' male and female, of the metropo-
lis. Nav, Pickwick chintzes figured in linen-drapers' windows, and
Weller corduroys in breeches-makers' advertisements; lioz cabs
mi"ht bo seen rattling through the streets, and the portrait of the
aufhor of IMhani or Ciichton was scraped down or pasted over to
make rnorn f r th:itof the new popular favourite in the omnibuses.
This is only to Ije accounted for on the supposition that a fresh vein
of himiour had been opened; that a new and decidedly original
his box, the book became an immediate lavourite wnu an „^yjX\xs, had sprung up; and the most cursory reference to pieced-
classes of society. The public were equally delighted with " ._.^-. =....:
the shrewd facetiousness of Samuel Weller, and the unso-
phisticated benevolence of his estimable master, and no
less charmed with the oddities and affectations of the otlier
members of the circle. The comparisons of Weller Junior
not always the most obvious — were quoted and dupli-
cated, if no"t improved upon, and single gentlemen were
continually admonished to profit by the example of the
"old gentleman," and studiously beware of respectable
matrons who mourned the loss of their conjugal partners.
An author so successful, and who seemed to jiossess a
perennial spring of humour and a m.arvellous facility of
character, not unfrcquently caricature, drawing, was not
permitted to forget his cunning: the publishers and the
public alike insisted upon more Pickwicks and Wellers;
and Nicholas Nickleby, Oliver Twist, The Old Curiosity ...
Shop, and Barnabyjludge,_were_eageriy read by hundreds | J,°.S»,J^y--y^l'',f ^.^tt
of thousands of delighted readers. On the completion of
Master Humphrey's Clock, in which the two preceding tales
were included, Mr. Dickens visited America, where he hud i
no reason to complain of a lukewarm reception.
Upon his return home he gave the world the result of |
the impressions produced by his tour, in his American Notes
for General Circulation, pub. in 1S42. This volume elicited
a vol. pub. in N. York, 1843, 8vo, entitled Change lor Aine- ;
rican Notes, in Letters from London to New York, by a I
Lady. In 1843 he commenced Martin Chuzzlewit, in which |
his friends, the Americans, were not forgotten. He visiled
Italy in 1844, where he remained for about a year, and on
his return in 1845 he established a new morning newspa- ,
per, entitled The Daily News, whicii he conducted for a
short time. It is now a leading journal. Among other
contributions of Mr. Dickens, a number of sketches, 1
styled Pictures of Italy, will bo found in its columns.
Since the relinquishment of the Daily News, our author
has given to the world Dombey and Son, David Copjier-
field. Bleak House, The Child's History of England, Me-
moirs of Joseph Grini.al.li, and the Christmas Tolesof The
Cricket on the Hearth and The Haunted Man. The Chimes
and the Christmas Carol had been previously published.
To these literary labours of Mr. Dickens must be added
Hard Times, for These Times, 1854, p. 8vo : Little Dorritt,
1857. Svo ; and papers in Tlic Household Narrative of Cur-
rent Events, and in Household Words, (of which vol. xviii.
was pub. in 1858. Tho circulation of the latter in London
alone w.as stated, in 1853, (not Ijy those interested, so far
as we are aware.) to be yO.OtlU copies. But we presume
that for London should bo read Eiujhind. This periodical
has an extensive circulation in America, also.
New eds. of several of Mr. Dickens's works have been
republished in London by Messrs. Ward & Lock, Chap-
man & Hall, and Bradbury; and several beautiful eds.
are issued in Philadelphia by Messrs. T. B. Peterson
A Bros. For critical notices of the merits and demerits
of this popular author wo refer the reader to Edin. Rev.,
Ixviii., Ixxvi., Ixxxi. ; Lon. t^uar. Rev., lix., Ixiv.,
Ixxi., Ixxiii.; Westm. Rev., xxvii., xxxix.; N. Brit. Rev.,
iv., vii., XV. ; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., i., xvii. ; Blackw.
Mag.. Hi., Ix. ; Fraser's Mag., xxi., xxv., xxvi., xlii. ; Dubl.
Unnr. Mag., xii. ; N. Amcr. Rev., hi., (liy A. P. Pcabody,
D.D.,) Iviii., (by C. C. Felton.) Ixix.. (by E. P. Whipple;)
South. Lit. Moss., ii., iii., v., i.x. ; Now Englandcr, i.. (by
J. P. Tlioinpson;) Bost. Chris. Exam., xxvii., (by J. S.
.^^ English writers ot tho comic order will show, that, in his own
peculiar walk, Jlr. Dickens is not simply the most distinguished,
but the tirst."' — Lon. Quart. Hevitiv, lix. 484; Oct. 1837.
" 'f here is no misanthropy in his satire, and no coarseness in his
description.s— a merit enhanced by the natuie of his subjects. His
works are chietiy pictures of hum'ble life — hequently of the hum-
blest. The reader is led through scenes of poverty and crime, and
all the characters are made to discourse in the appropriate language
of their respective classes — .and yet we recollect no passage which
ought to cause pain to the most sensitive delicacy, if read aloud in
female society. We have said that his satire was not misanthropic.
This is eminently true. One of the qualities we the most admira
in him is his comprehensive spirit of humanity. The tendency of
his writings is to make us practically benevolent— to excite our sym-
pathy in tiehalf of the aggrieved and suffering in all classes; and
especially in those who are most removed from observation. He
especially directs "ur iitlention to the h.lpless virtims of untoward
circumstances or a i ii-mu^ s\ slriii— ti> tlir iiiiinisniHd ilrbtor — the
orphan pauper— tb.' |,;oisb aiiiinuliee— the juvenile riiiiiiiial— and
■ • • — ' 'i, under the eomliiuation of itiiieutal neglect,
brutality of a pedagogue, may be exercised
with impunity in schools. His humanity is plain, practical, and
manly. It is quite untainted with sentimentality. There is no
mawkish w,ailing for ideal distresses— no morbid exaggeration of
the evils incident to our lot — no disposition to excite unavailing
discontent, or to turn our attention from remedial grievances to
those which do not admit a remedy. Though he appeals much to
our feelings, we can detect no instance in which he has employed
the verbiage of spurious philanthropy. He is equally exempt from
the meretricious caut of spurious philosophy." — £diii. Jievuir,
Ixviii. 77, Oct. 1S38.
"Dickens as a novelist and prose poet is to be classed in the ti-ont
rank of the noble company to which he belongs. He has revived
the novel of genuine practical life, as it existed in the works of
fielding, 8moUett, and Goldsmith; hut at the same time has given
to his materials an individual coloring and expres.sion peculiarly
his own. His characters, like those of his great esemidars, consti-
tute a world of their own. whose truth to nature every reader in-
stinctively recognizes in connection with their truth to Dickens.
Fielding delineates with more exquisite art, standing more as tho
spectator of his personages, and coniuienting on their actions with
an ironical humour and a seeming innocence of insight, which
pierces not only into, but through, their very nature, laying bare
their most uncouscious scenes of action, and in every instance in-
dicating that he understands them better than they understand
themselves. It is this perfection of knowledge and insight which
gives to his novels their naturalness, their freedom of movement,
and their v.alueas lessons in human nature as well as consummate
representations of actual life. Dickens'seyefor the forms of things
is as accurate as Fielding's, and his range of vision more extended;
hut he does not probe so profoundly into the heart of what he sees,
and he is more led away from the simplicity of truth by a tricksy
spirit of fantastic exaggeration. Mentally he is indisputatjly bo-
low Fielding : but in tenderness, in pathos, in sweetness and purity
of feeling, in that comprehensiveness of sympathy which springs
from a sense of brotherhood with mankind, ho is indisputably above
him."— K. V. Whipple; iV. Amer. Jiev.. Ixix. 392-393, Oct. 1849.
'■ The mention of the Waverlcy Novels and their broad Scottish
dialect, leads unavoidably to the remark, that, unlike the author
of these matchless productions. Mr. Dickens makes his low charac-
ters almost alw.ays vulgar. It is not easy to define vulgarity, hut
every one can feel it; and we know that Fldie Ochiltree, Cud'lie
Ileadriig. Bailie Nicol .larvie. and Domine Sampson are not vulgar,
in spite of their accent, language, and station; neither are Jeaiiio
Deans, or Meg Meirilies, or the Mui-klebackits; and while the au-
thor draws them with iierfect truth, he often conveys through their
mouths lessons of I he greatest moial elevation. Every reader must
havi^ felt how much ulherwise it is with Mr. Dickens.
" In the next place, the good characters of Mr. Dickens's novels
do not seem to have a wholesome moral tendency. The reason is,
that many of them— all the author's favourites — exhibit an excel-
lence flovviug from constitution and temperament, and not from
the influence of moral or religious motive. They act from impulse,
not from principle. They present no struggle of contending pas-
sions; they arc instinctively incapable of evil; they are, therefore,
not constituted like other human beings ; and do not feel the force
DIG
of temptation »s it assails our less perfect breasts. It is this that
makes "'^^Vumesi' monsters, that the world ne'er saw^'
This is the true meaning of -the simple beart,' wh>ch Mr D.ckens
so PC ■petu.-illv eulogizes. Indeea, they often dj-g™'™'". '°*V "
p?etofssometimes'into mere idiots. . . . Another error .s the un-
due nrominence civen to good temper and kindness, which are
constantTv made substitutes for all other virtues, and an a on,^
ment for the want of them; while a defect in these good quail les
£?he li-nalf^r instant condemnation and the charge of hypocrisy
it is unfortunate, also, that Mr, Dickens so frequently represents
persons with pretin.sions to virtue and piety as mere rogues and
£j^o rites, and never depicts any whose sbitK-n as clergymen, or
reniitation for piety, is consistently adorned and venfled., . . "o
iXot ut sonielin es contrast the tone of Mr. Dickens s purely
sentin e, 1 passages with that of J'ir Walter Scott on similar occa-
sion' and the MiH.,.1 pompwithwhich the firmer often parades a
flainil 1- ,a ' of thnadliare morality with the quiet and graceful
eise with which tlie hitter points out and enforces a useful lesson.
—Xrirlli British h'eneio,lo\.i\.
Dickens, John. Tin Plates, Lon., 1(36. Sto.
Dickenson, John. Deorum Conscs.sus, L.m., 15ai,
8vo Arisl.as, l&iJI,4to, Greene in Conceii.t, Ac, 1598, 4to.
Dickenson, John. Misrallanea ex Historus Angli-
canis, Lugd. Uatav.. KiOfi, 4to.
Dickenson, John. Serm. on Ps. Ixxxi.
Dickenson, John. Serm., 1779, 8vo.
Dickenson, Thomas. Scrms., 1712, 16, Svo.
Dickie, J. See Mitchell, J. „ , ^,
Dickins, John, Rcfister of the Ct. of Chancery.
Reports in Chancery, by J, Wyatt, Lon„ 1803, 2 vols, r, 8vo.
'•Mr Dickins was a very attentive and diligent register, tut nis
notes being rather loose, "are not considered as good authority. —
''""Fromtheaulhor-sofficial station greateMpectations were formed
by the profession from the proposed publication of them; sed par-
turiunt montes, etc:'— Bridgmans Legal IIM.
Dickinson, Adam. N. Test. Grfece, Lon , 1814.
Dickinson, Andrew. My First Visit to Europe, N.
York 1851. 12ino, A 2.1 0(1. has been pub.
'■ A 'very r. :ol d Ir l.ook— fresh, nnalTected, genuine. His narra-
tion is at iiii^.' f.iiililul. varied, and interesting."
Dickinson, Kdmund, 1624-1707, Physician to Chas.
II and James II., is best-known as the publisher of Delphi
Phffinizicantes, &c.,0.>Lnn., 1655, Svo, a learned dissertation,
written to prove that the Greeks borrowed the story of the
Delphic Oracles from the Holy Scriptures. But this trea-
tise was really written by Henry Jacob, and appropriated
by the dishonest mcd!cus. See Athcn. Oxon. m Orme s
liihl Bib Dickinson wrote a work entitled PhysicaVetus
et Vera, Lon., 1702, 4to. Parabola Philosophica, an.1 a
treatise on the Grecian Games, in Latin, pub. with an Ac-
count of his Life and Writings, by W. M. Blonbery, 1709,
Svo ; 1739. tfin li
Dickinson, Francisco. 20 Rare Secrets, 1649, 4to.
Dickinson, Capt. H. Instructions for forming a
Reciment of Infantry tor Parade or Exercise, 1798, Svo.
Dickinson, John, 1732-1808, member of the As-
sembly of Penna., 1764; delegate to a general congress^ in
New York, 1705 ; member of Congress from Penna., li (4;
ag.ain in 1779 ; President of Delaware, 1780 ; President of
the Supreme Executive Council of Penna., 1782-85: suc-
ceeded by Benjamin Franklin. Speech, 1764. Reply to
a Speech of Joseph Galloway, 1765. Late Regulations
respecting the British C(donies on the Continent of Ame-
rica 1765. Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to the
Inhabitants of the British Colonies, [12 Letters,] 1767-6S.
Reprinted, 1774. 9 Letters under the signature of Fahius ;
intended to promote the adoption of the Constitution, 1788;
14 ditto, to encourage a favourable feeling towards France,
1797. His Polit. Writings were pub. in 2 vols. Svo, in 1801.
Mr. Dickinson's style was distinguished by perspicuity,
vigour, and a flowing elo(iuence admirably suited to the
exciting topics which coniinandod his pen. He was au-
thor ol°many of those able papers issued by the early
American Congress which elicited the ardent eulogy of
Lord Chatham. .
The celebrated Petition to the King, erroneously ascribed
by Chief Justice Marshall, in his Life of Washington, to
Mr. Lee, was the production of John Dickinson.
"It won the highest admiration on both sides of the Atlantic,
and will remain an imperishable monument to the glory of its
author, and of the assembly of which he was a member, so long
as fervid and manly eloquence, and chaste and elegant composi-
tion shall bo appreciated."— TiiovAS Aluuone BunD: Lijeof John
Vicldnson in the Naiimal Portrait Gallery of Distmguuhcd Amerv-
ca?is, P'(ita., 1852, vol. ii. .
The " Second Petition to the King" was also written by
John Dickinson. „ ,. „ ^ t. ■ . »
Dickinson, Jonathan, 1 688-1747, first President
of the College of New Jersey, 1746-47, was for nearly
forty years "the joy and glory" of the 1st Presbyterian
Church of Elizabcthtown, New Jersey. He pub. many
DIG
serms. and thcolog. treatises, 1732-46. A third ed. of his
Familiar Letters upon Important SubjeoLs in Religion was
pub. at Edin. in 1757, 12mo, and a collection of a number ol
his writings was issued in the same place in 1793, Svo. Seo
Pi'erson's Serm. on his death ; preface to his serms., Edin.
ed. -Chandler's Life of Johnson ; Allen's Amor. Biog. Diet.
Dickinson, R. Sheriffs, Coroners, Constables, and
Collectors of Taxes, Springfield, 1810, Svo. Justices of
the Peace, Boston, Svo.
Dickinson, Kobert. Serms., 1803-06, Svo.
Dickinson, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1S18, Svo.
Dickinson, Rodolphus. New and corrected Ver-
sion of the New Test, with Notes, Boston, 1S:13, r. Svo.
Severely handled in the Amor. Month. Rev., March, 1833.
Dickinson, Samncl. Serm.. 1784, Svo.
Dickinson, VV m, Serm., Lon., 1619, 4to.
Dickinson, VVm. Ode in Artem Anatonucam oma-
tissimo doetissimo.iue viro Ricardo Mead, M.D., fid.
Dickinson, >Vm. Antiquities in Nottinghamshire
and the adjacent Counties, Newark, 1801-03, 4to, vol. i.
This is an untiuishcd work, containing the Hist of South-
well. The Hist, and Anti(i. of the Town of Newark, New-
ark. 1806, 4to. See R.\st.\ll, W. Dickinson.
Dickinson, Wni. Justice of the Peace, 2d ed., Lon.,
1822, 3 vols. Svo. Justice Law of the last 5 years, 1813-
17, 1S18, Svo. . , ., ..v ffi
•■ A very good and convenient Appendix, executed with suffi-
cient care and skill to answer all the purposes for which it was
undertaken."— ion. *("»(;(/ /I'cc.
Practical Guide to the Quarter Sessions, and other Ses-
sions of the Peace ; 5tb ed. by Mr. Sergeant Talfourd; 6th
ed. with addits. by R. P. Tyrwhitt, 1S45, Svo,
Dicks, John. Gardener's Directory, 1769, fol.
Dickson, Rev. Adam. Treatise on Agriculture,
Edin., 1762, Svo; 2d ed., 1765; V(d. ii., 1769, Svo; new
ed., 1785, 2 vols. Svo. The Husbandry of the Ancients,
Edin. and Lon., 1788, 2 vols. Svo.
••This, though the best work on the subject in the English lan-
guage, is inferior to th.at of Butel Dumont,"— JfcC«/((vcA s LU. nj
Polit. Ectmom >/. , ^ ,_ i- * *
" Dickson iias ever been very justly reckoned to be a flrst-rate
writer of the time "—I'o"a'''soK's .tin'iC(/rt. -Bi(i,<7, ,. .. ,
Dickson, Alex. De Vmbra Rationis et Indicij, Lon.,
1583, 16mo. Libellusdememoriaverissima,Ac.,15S4,12mo.
Dickson, Caleb, M.D. Fever, Lon., 1585, Svo.
Dickson, David, 158.3-1663, a native of Glasgow;
minister of Irvine, 1618 ; Proles, of Divinity in the Univ.
of Glasgow, 1643, and afterwards in that of Edinburgh.
Explanation of the Epistle to the Hebrews, Aber., 1635,
fol. and 12mo. , „ ^ , n-i.t
Not so satis&ctory as his work on the Psalms. '—Orme s um.
'Expositio analytica omnium Epistolarum, Glasg., 1645,
4to. Exposition of the Gospel according to St. Matthew,
°°hort, but sensible and evangelical."— Bic/iOT((^A'5 Christian
ABricf Explication of the Psalms, 165.3-55, 3 vols.
Svo, Glasg. and Lon., 1S34, 3 vols. 12mo; with a Memoir
of the author, by the Rev. Robert Wodrow.
'• Very popular dui iiig the latter part of the seventeenth cen-
iVii-s."—lIoriie:s Bihl. hib. . . , ,_ ,.
"'The exposition, though brief, is not so short as to be unsatis-
factorv." — Onne's Bibl. Bih. , , ^. „
'•Of use for the justness and fertiUty of its observations. —
WilUams's Chi-istian Preacher.
Therapeutica Sacra, Edin., 1695, Svo. ,,„.,.
"An experimental and profitable work."— Sickerstdh s Christian
Student. . ., Acn i* 1
Exposition of all the Epistles, 1659, fol.
Dickson was engaged in some other works. Edward
Leiirh— see a Treatise of Religion and Learning, Lon.,
1656, fol.— commends Dickson highly, and Poole repre-
sents his expositions as .... „
" Brief, but perspicuous, ingenious, and judicious.
See Wodrow's Jlcmoirs of Dickson ; Law s Memonalls.
Dickson, David, M.D. Medical Essay, 1712, Svo.
Dickson, David. Serms.. Edin., 1818, Svo.
Dickson, D. M. Ann. of Me(L, 1799.
Dickson, J. Revelations of Cholera, Lon.. 1848, Umo.
Dickson, J. Breeding of Live Stock, Edin. and Lon.,
1850, p. Svo. .„,. ,„„, ,,
Dickson, James. Prac. Discourses, Edin., 1731, Svo.
Dickson, James, d. 1822. Fasciculus Plantarum
Cryptogamicarum Britanni;-e, Lon., 178,3-1801, 4to. Dried
Plants, 1787-99, sm. fol. BoUnical Catalogue, 179i, Svo.
Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1791, '94, '97, and to Trans.
Hortic. Soc, 1815, '17, 'IS.
Dickson, James Hill. Letters on the improved
mode f.f the Cultivation and Management of Flax, Lon.,
1846, Svo. . ^,
Die
"The intelligence is very sound, and correctly estimated."-
%fck?olrU. W:7m.D. Practical Agriculture ; plaut-
"'^tT^rm^Companion, 1811, 8vo. I-P-«^|>-
temof Cattle Mauagcment, 1^22 2 v„K4to. He eduU
a monthly AL'ricultarnl Journal, 1807, U».
Dicksou: Rev. Richard. New Interpretation of
Dickson, ^"""V'svu Fallacy of the Art of Physic,
rssrs^r FaUa'c efof the Fa^-ult/; being the Spirit of
Jhe Chronic Treatment System, 2a ed., 1841, Syo; 6th ed.,
'' n'ickso^ 's^amuelHenry, Professor of the Prae-
tic"f MeX\norrbe Jcffersor Medical College Phila.
^.i„h n fi,r miny years Prof, of the Institutes and Practice
0 Sicin rn th^ 111 CU. of the State of South Carolina.
1 Dengue: its History, Pathology, and Treatment, Phila,
1826 Svo 2. Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics;
beinethe Substance of the Course of Lectures delivered in
thTul Coll. of S. Carolina, 1845, 2 vols. Svo 3. Essays
on Slavery, 1845, and sundry Orations and Addresses. 4.
Essays on Life, Sleep, Pain, &c., Phila., 1852, 12mo. 5.
E em^ntrof Medicine, 1855, 8vo, pp. 750. Br. Djckson
has contrib. to many medical and miscell. periodicals. It
wUl be observed by the annexed notice that this distin-
3^-^:Sy:s^fSt^SHsri
S r^vTni^lt'H^ir^^n rgraoe of his per^ds^
Adm^nrstraUun Vindicated, with a Pief. by J. Seddon,
"mcksoii, Thomas. De Sanguinis Missione, Lugd.
'^'^i,'i"ks^n:Thomas, M.D., Physician ^"^^^^^t
Hospital. Blood-letting, Lon.,l(6D, 4to. Con. to Med.
*" Di"ksou';'WaUer R. Domestic Poultry, Lon 1833,
'46 12mo? new ed. with addits. by Mrs. Loudon, lUus. by
^^'TMl'i'fn''e.^en:n; tre.^tise on poultry, and deserves much
i is the most comprehensive work on the ^"'jl^;. ^"'^;°-
raluable to all who raise poultry either for profit or pa»t.me.
Dickson, Wm. Negro Slavery, Lon., 17b9,8vo. Wi-
ti^at'on n? S avery, 181472 vols. 8vo ; in eonjunetaon with
Hon I Steele Other works. Trans of serms. by Mas-
Iluon i798 3 vols. 8VO. Every one should read the serms.
of the elo,i«ent Bishop "f, Cl»remont^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^
-iHSSiS^SSJt^ri^ir^rofSs
Mauey: l''■J^V'n.°£f:''tZZ>^:u^d■ Flechieris more equ.il. but
cious, but he neglects tlie ligniei oiuaiueu.., therefore,
livelT concise, and harmonious. — i. Aiimu. . . t>
Dicuil, an Irish monk, b. 755-760? wrote a tract Do
Mensura Orbis Terras, and a treatise on Grammar ; ho lat-
ter annears o be lost. The tract De Mensura, Ac. was
tot pub L 1807 by C. A.Walckenaer, Paris, Svo, from
502
DIG
* „ \T«« in the Koyal (the Imperial) Library at Paris.
Sim a "ew ed w'as W by 'a. Letronne, Paris 8v„,
who consulted two MSS. in Italy. There is another MS.
Tf th is tract in the Imperial Library at Vienna,
ot tnis tr.iei, lu I.UV. 1 nerfectlv destitute of ornament;
ie.uauu ^ 1- J Travels in New Zealand, 1843, I
•;X' 1:7' i™l\. Me woA^ettainingan extensive Fauna
rf New Zealand, and a Grammar and Dictionary of the
^ memar, E . M. The History and Amours of Rhodope,
'^"i'i''iht"'Fvprard, d 1592. Theoria Analytica, Ac,
T ^1579 fto Se Duplici Methodo libri duo, 1580, 8vo
*De Art^e'Natandi. 1587. A dissuasive rel. to the goods,
Ae c.f1he Cbm^-h, 4to. A Short Introduction for to learn
to Swimine trans, by Chr. Middleton. . , j ,
m-by, Sir Everard, 1581-1606, distinguished as
"the haml'somest man of his time,; son of tbe preceding
executed as an aceompliee in the Gunpowder Pot. Some
of hTs papers were pub. with other pieces relating to the
''^T»i"^bv Francis. A trans, from Xenophon.
Si"by (;corge, Earl of Bristol, 1612-1676, born m
:p:hC:hSofK:^bA674 and 1679 ^Elvira,
T. Comedy 'Tis better than it was. Apology, 1642 4to
Let eTtothe Queen, 1642, 4to. Letters between Lord
George Digby and Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., eoncerning Re-
U '°of 1651, 12mo. See other publications of his in Park s
wXolel R. and N. Authors. See also Athen. Oxon.;
!>• ij,.;t . Till Warhurton's In troduc. to Julian.
^'"i'smguAson whLe life ,vas contradiction."-Hoa..c.
'"■m'sby, John, Earl of Bristol, 1580-1653 father of the
pr^ediu:- Verses on the Death of Sir Henry TJnton.
Kr Poems See Lawes's Ayres and Dialogues, Lon.,
i^^53fol Trans, of P. du Moulin's Defence of the Catholic
"ST^fm^e^Z:. leJrarK-s Walpole's R, --^ ^ ;^^^^''S:^
Digby, Sir John. Letter to Col. Kerr, Gov. of Ply-
mouth, persuading him to betray his trust 1645
Ditibv. Lord John. Speeches, 1642, 60, 4 to.
S !by Sir Kenelm, 1603-1648, son of Sir Everard
Dirty was e.ually distinguished for his supposed skill in
S'phnosophy. and for having married the famous beau-
tv Venetia Ana^tasia, daughter of Sir Edward Stanley,
^■•- 1 Hdy of an e."aordinary beauty, and of as extraordinary a
'^"B^n'^n^twho wrote ten pieces in her praise, thus
'"■"""'Twere'nmJ that I dy'd too, now she is dead,
Who WMS my Muse, and life of all I said;
The siiirit that 1 wrote with, and conceiv d.
All that was good or gn^at with me, she weav d.
Aubrey gives a minute account of her appearance. See
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.. 111. 694-0. f „„,u, • A
Sir Kenelm was the author of a number of works. A
Conference wUh a Lady about the Choice of Religion Pans,
{fi3H 8™ L n 1654. His and Mr. Montague's Letters
P:;^^g;;i:^ c™tri^^J-^;,-;„ - -
^rri68^8:i^X;^<^|^2dStan.ain.he9th^Can^
s:3^^:^^b^^i:i^S;'^?at;7io:^^>^op^(^
?6"0 "sVo "Imst. 'i66L12mo The Boav -id Soul of
Man Paris 1644, fol. Of Bodies and ot Man s Soul, <tc.,
Lon 1669 4to. Institutionum Peripatet.carmn Pans,
\lix Le ters between him and Lord George Digby eon-
■■ p ,i,v;„n 1651 Svo. Infallibility of Religion,
p"ri6^ So'. A^hc^ing to God, Lon., 1654. Con-
fai IS, 100-, i_iuo. p..rinatetical Institutiones, trans.
I'^Whi^ 1656 Svo.- D Tantrum Vegetatione, 1661,
byT. \\hite, 1000,010. i Ucceints ..f Surgery
S-i-l^^l:^ r'ofSiar:nd 5S^d .VateralnS
DIG
DIL
Spirits, 1665, '68, '75, 8vo; in Latin, by George Hurtman,
lfi68, 8vo. Trans, into many languages. His Closet
Opened, 1669, '77, 8vo. Chymical Secrets, pub. by S. Hart-
man, 1683, 8vo. Excellent Directions for Cookery, 1669.
Remedies Souuerains, &o., Paris, 1684. 12mo. Secrets pour
la Beaute des Dames, Ac, Haye, 1700, 8to. See Biog.
Brit. ; Life of Lord Clarendon ; Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon. ; Bibl. Digbeiana, 1680, 8vo; Life of Sir Kenelm
Digby, pub. from his own MS. by Sir N. Harris Nicolas,
1827, 8vo.
"A Gentleman absolute in all Numbers." — Ben .Tonson.
" He possessed all the advantages whiih n.Hture and art, and an
excellent education could ^nve bim." — Lord Clarendon.
Digby, Kenelm Henry. Broadstoue of Honour,
(on the Origin, Spirit, ami Institutions of Christian Chi-
valry.) 1st Book called Godefridus; 2d Book, Tancredus;
3d Book, Morus; 4th Book, Orlandus, Lon., 1S26, '27, fp.
Svo. New ed., 1845^8, 3 Tols. 12mo.
" He identifies himself, as few have ever done, with the cood and
threat aud heroic and holy in former limes, and ever rejoices in pass-
ing out of himself into them.'' — ARcnuEAcoN Hare: Gucss>'sai Truth.
'• We have never read a volume more full than this [Morus] of
loving gentlcucss and earnest admiration for all things beautiful
and excellent." — Sterling.
Mores Catholici; or Ages of Faith, Anon., 1844-47, 3
vols. r. Svo.
"That delightful writer, who has collected, like a truly pious
pilgrim, the fi-agi-ance of ancient times; whose works I should cer-
tainly recommend to the English Aristocracy, and Irish, too."—
Archhishop ok 'fl'AM.
Digby, Wm., Dean of Clonfert. 21 Lectures on Di-
vinity, Dubl., 1787. Svo.
Digges, Sir Dudley, 158.3-1 639, eldest son of Thomas
Digges, educated at University College, O.xford. Four
Par.adoxes, or Politique Discourses, &c. by Thos. .and Dud.
Digges, 1604, 4to. Defence of the E. India Trade, 1615, 4to.
'■ It contains some curious particulars, but wants the ingenuity
and oriiriuality which distinguishes Mun's tract."— JfcCui(oc/i's
Lit. of Bilit. Ecrm.
Right and Privileges of the Subject, 1642, 4to. The
Compleat Ambassador, 1655, '65, fol.
" .i pleasing variety of letters." — Bp. NicoLSON.
Digges, Dudley, 1612?-1643, third son of the preced-
ing. An Answer to Observations upon some of his Majes-
ty's late Answers and Expresses, O.xon., 1642 ; tiHoa. The
Unlawfulness of Subjects taking up Arms against their
sovereign on what case soever, 1643, '47, 4to ; 1662, Svo.
Review of the Observ.ations upon some of his M.ajesty'a
late Answers and Expresses, Oxon., 1043, '44; aao«.
Digges, Edward. Silkworms, Phil. Trans., 1665.
Digges, Leonard, d. about 1573, an eminent mathe-
matician, father of Thomas Digges, a native of Barham,
Kent, was educated at University College, Oxford. Tec-
tonicon; measuring of Land, &c.. Lon., 1556, 4to. A Prog-
nostication to judge of the weather, Ac, 1555, '40, '56, '64,
'67 ; augmented by T. Digges, 1576, '78, '92, 1634, 4to. An
Arithmet. Military Treatise named Stratioticos ; augmented
by T. Digges, 1579, '90, 4to.
"There is here a brief and good treatise on Arithmetic, and some
Algebra of the school of Recorde aud Scheubel; but the gieater
part of the work is on military matters." — Professor Dt MornatVs
Arithmetical Bonks, ton., 1.S47, Svo.
" A most excellent mathematician, a skilful architect, and a most
expert surveyor of land." — Athen. Oion.
Digges, Leonard, 15SS-1635, gr.andson of the pre-
ceding, was educated at University College, Oxford. Ge-
rardo: from the Spanish of Gon^alo de Cespades, Lon.,
1622, 4to. The Rape of Proserpine; from the Latin of
Claudian, 1628, 4to. His commendatory verses to Shaks-
peare were prefixed to the works of the latter. See 1st
folio, 1623; and Poems, 1640, Svo.
" A great master of the English language, a perfect understandh-r
of the French and Spanish, a good poet, and no mean orator." —
Athen. Ozon.
Digges, Thomas, d. 1595, son of the flrst-n.amed
Leonard, and father of Leonard the younger and of Sir
Dudley, is known chiefly as the editor of his father's work.s,
but pub. several works of his own. A Geometrical Trea-
tise named Pantometria, by Leonard and Thos. Digges,
Lon., 1571, 4to; 1591, fol. Alse. sive Scalse Mathematics;,
1573, 4to. Stratioticos. See Digges, Leon.ird. Eng-
land's Defence, 1680, fob Celestial Orbs, 1592, 4to. Hum-
ble Motives, 1601, Svo. See Archajol., vol. vi. Nova Cor-
pora Regularia, 1634, 4to. Digges commenced a number
of works which were never finished, in consequence of his
becoming entangled in lawsuits. The vexations to which
he was thus subjected were too much for the philosopher's
equanimity ; for after giving us a catalogue of six works
which he had designed publishing, he thus breaks forth :
'■ All these, and other, long sithens. the author had finished and
published, had not the infernall furies, enuing such his tailicitie
and happie soeietie with his mathematical muses, for many yeares
I so tormented him with lawe-brables that he hath bene enforced
to disconiinuc those his delectable studies.' See Bliss's ^Vood's
Athen. itxou.; Stow's Sui'vey of London, i. 71.72, edit.. Lon., 1720;
Biog. Brit. ; Brit. Bibliographer, where are some curious extracts
fi-om his works.
The mathematical genius of the various members of this
family is remarkable. It is supposed that a spy-wlass was
in their possession, the invention of which and the instru-
ment itself were kept secret.
"One of the most important names connected with the advance-
ment of English mathematical science in the 16th century ia that
of Digges." — Prof. De Morgan.
Dighton, T. Kneeling at the Sacrament, 1618.
Dignan, Browne, M.D. Ess,ay on the Political
Principles of Public Economy, 1776, 12mo.
Dikes, T. 1. Serm. 2." F. Penitentiary, 1811.
Diligent, J. Log of the Cumberland, Svo.
Diike, Charles Wentworth, b. 1789, the proprietor
and for many years editor of the London Athenieum, was
formerly a contributor to the Westminster and Retrospec-
tive Reviews and other periodicals. In 1814 he edited a
valuable collection of Old English Plays, in 6 vols. A
notice of Mr. Dilke will be found in Men of the Time,
Lon., 1853, also in Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Dilke, Thomas. The Lover's Luck; a comedy, Lon.,
1 696, 4to. The City Lady, or Folly Reclaimed ; a comedy,
1697, 4to.
Dill, E. M., D.D. Ireland's Miseries; the Grand
Cause .and Cure, Edin., 1852, 12mo.
" This is a book that will attract much attention."
Dillaway, Charles K., late principal in Boston Latin
School, Mass., has pub. many useful educational works.
Dillenius, John James, M,D., 1687-1747, an emi-
nent botanist, a native of Darmstadt, settled in England,
and became Prof, of Botany in the University of Oxford.
Catalogus Plantarum, Ac," Francf., 1718, '19, Svo. An
improved ed. of R.ay's Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarum,
1724. Hortus Elthamensis, Ac, Lon. and Oxf., 17.32,
2 vols. fol.
" Est opus botanicum, quo absolutius mundum non vidit." —
LiN'NJil'S.
Historia Muscorum ; a general History of Land and
Water, Ac. Mosses and Corals, Oxon., 1741, 2 vols. 4to.
Dillenius came to England by the invitation of Dr. Wm.
Sherard, who left £3000 to establish a botany professor-
ship at Oxford, provided Dillenius should first fill the
chair. See Biog. Brit. ; I'ulteney's Sketches of Botany in
Eng.: Stoever's Life of Linnaeus; Rees's Cyc; Nichols's
Lit. Anecdotes.
Dillingham, Eras. Theolog. treatises, 1699-1617.
Dillingham, Wm., D.D. Theolog. and poet, works,
1661-1700.
Dillingham, Wm. H., 1790-1854, a native of Lee,
Berkshire CO., Mass., for many years a resident of Phila-
delphia. Tribute to Peter Collinson. Address and Ora-
tions before various societies, and many contributions to
the periodicals of the day.
Dillon, Lord. Rosaline de Vere; a Romance, Lon.,
2 vols. p. Svo. The Life and Opinions of Sir Richard Mal-
travers, an English Gentleman of the 17th Century, 2 vols,
p. Svo.
" The original tone of thinking of these volumes cannot but
cause them to be much read." — Neiv Month. Mag., 1822.
Eccelino da Romano ; a Poem, Svo.
"There is a richness of diction and origin.ality of idea such as
would have claimed for the author a high reputation even in the
best days of our national poetry." — Lon. NlVj Mmith. Maa., Sept.
1S2R.
Dillon, Hon. Arthur. A Winter in Iceland and
Lapland, Lon., 1840. 2 vols. ]). Svo.
"These volumes, fall of information, historical and descriptive,
are the result of a journey not less creditable to Mr. Dillon's lite-
rary character than his courage. The history is a sort of sea ro-
mance."— Lon. Athis.
Dillon, Hon. Henry Augustus, Viscount, Col.,
and M.P. Letter rehitive to the Roman Catholics of Ire-
land, Lon., 1S05, Svo. A Commentary on the Military
Establishments and Defence of the British Empire, Lon.,
18) 1, '12, 2 vols. Svo.
Dillon, Sir J. Case of the Children of the Duke of
Sussex elucidated ; a Juridical Exercitation, Lon., 1832,
4to ; of Sir A. d'Este. 1832, Svo.
Dillon, John Joseph. Legal aud Political treatises,
Lon., 18110-13.
Dillon, John T. Travels through Spain, Lon., 1780,
4to. This wnrk treats of Natural History and Physical
Geograjihy. Letters from Spain. 1781, 8vo. Artof Paint-
ing, 1782, Svo. Survey of the S. Roman Empire, 1782, Svo.
' Hist, works, 1788, '90. Oxen for Tillage in competition
with Horses, from the French of De Monray, with Notes,
. 1796, Svo.
SOS
DIL
" He labours bflrd. as all others on the same subject, to eKtablish
:. fallacy, and a ctmtradiction to the ordinations of nature."— i>0-
nal'h"n's AgricnU. Bi(jg.
Dillon, R. C. Lectures on the 39 Articles, Lon.,
12mu. (iLoasiunal Serms. Svo, 20 Serms. Svo.
'•Good sp'^ciinens of the style of preaching; suited to a polished
audienre." — Lon. Evangd. Mag.
Dillou, Theobald. Military Plans, 1796.
Dillon, Wentworth, Earl of Eoscommon. b. in Ire- '
land about 1633, d. 16!f-t. was a son of James, third Earl ,
of Roscommon, by Elizabeth Wentworth, sister of the great
Earl of Strafford. He studied for some time at tlie Pro- ^
tcstant University of Caen, in Normandy, under Bochart,
subsequently resided at Rome, returned to Ireland, and [
finally settled in London, where he was made master of
the horse to the Duchess of York, and married the widow .
of Colonel Courtney, a daughter to the Earl of Burlington.
He died in 1684 of an attack of the gout, repeating with
great energy at the moment of his departure two lines of
his own version of Dies Iraj :
" My God. my Father, and my Friend,
Do not lbrs.ake me in my end!"
Essay on Translated Verse, leSi, 4to. Works, 1700,
Svo; with those of Rochester, 1709, Svo. New ed. of his
Works, with an Essay on Poetry by the Earl of Mulgrave
and Duke of Buckingham, together with Poems by Mr.
Richard Duke, 1717, Svo. And his poems will be found
in Johnson's and Chalmers's Collection of the Poets. They
are few in number, but have considerable merit. His Es-
say on Translated Verse and his trans, of Horace's Art of
Poetry have been highly commended. But uo praise can
be higher than that which Pope allows him — of being the
only moral writer of King Charles's reign :
" Unhappy Drydeo! in all Charles's days,
Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays."
"It was my Lord Roscommon's Kssay on Translated Verse which
made me uneasy till I tried whether or no I w.is capable of follow-
iug his rules, and of reducing the speculation into practice.'' —
Drvden : Pref. to his AfisceUanie^.
"In the writings of this nobleman we view the ima;;e of a mind
naturally serious and solid ; richly furnished and adorned with all
the ornaments of art and science: and those ornaments unaffect-
edly disposed in the most regular and elegant order." — Fenton.
"Of Roscommon's works the judgment of the pul-lic seems to
be right. He is elegant, liut not great; he never labours after
exquisite beauties, but he seldom falls into gross faults. His ver-
DIS
ticularlv such as the Ancients used to engrave on ; Phil.
Ti:ans..'l747.
Dingley, Somerville. App. to 14th ed. of Burns's
Justice of the Peace, Lon., 17S5, Svo. Parish Officer's
Companion, 17S6, 12mo.
Dingley, Wm. Serm. Oxon., 1713, Svo.
Dinmore, Kicliard. English Jacobins, 1796, Svo.
Dinnies, Mrs. Anna Peyre, a daughter of Judge
Shackleford of South Carolina, was married in 1830 to
Mr. John C. Dinnies, then of St. Louis, now of New Or-
leans. Mrs. Dinnies has contributed largely to the \ie-
riodicals of the day under the signature of " Moina." In
1846 she pub. in a vol., entitled The Floral Year, " one
hundred compositions arranged in twelve groups to illus-
trate that number of bouquets gathered in the different
months."
'• Her pieces celelirating the domestic affections are marked by
unusual gr.ace and tenderness, and some of them are worthy of
the most elegant poets."— Dr. R. W. Griswold: Femixk Pods of
America, q. v. for specimens of her compositions.
" The holv fire of poesy burns pure and bright in her own heart,
and she cherishes it to" illuminate and bless her own hearth." —
Mrs. IlaU's Wumun's Kixirrd.
Diusdale, Joshua. Serm., 1740, Svo.
Dinsmore, Robert, b. 1757. in Windham, N.H. In-
cidental Poems, accompanied with Letters and a few Select
Pieces, mostly Original, Ac. ; with a Sketch of the Author's
Life. Haverhill, Mass., 1828.
Dinwooddie, Robertus. De Morbis Spontaneis ex
Acido Humore oriuudus, Lugd. Bat., 1730, 4to.
Dirom, Alex., Major, Ac. A Narrative of the Cam-
paign in India, Lon., 1793. 4to.
"A very amusing and entertaining dctiul of the operations
which closed the late Indian war in 17tl2."
Corn Laws; with a Supp. by W. Mackie, 1796, 4to.
Plans for the Defence of G. Britain and Ireland, 1797, Svo.
Dirrill, Charles. Shakspeare's Tempest, 1797.
Disbrowe, J. Lett, to the Speaker of Pari., 1659, 4to.
Disney, Alex. Christian Holiness, 1800.
Disney, David, fiod's People, Edin., 1764.
Disney, John, 1677-1730, an excellent magistral*,
who turned diviue in 1719; Vicar of St. Mary, Notting-
ham, 1722. Penal Laws, Lon., 1700, Svo. Primitte Sa-
cra, 1701, Svo. View of Ancient Laws against Immo-
siflcation is smooth, but rarely righteous, and his rhymes are re- , rality and Prophaneness, Camb., 1729, fol. : this is a new
markably ex.act. Ue improved taste, if be did not enlarge know-
ledge, and may be mentioned among the benefactors to English
literature. ... He is perhaps the only correct writer in verse be-
fore Addison." — Dr. John.wii's Life of 'Boscommon.
" Roscommon not more learned than good,
With manners generous as his noble blood ;
To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known.
And every author's merits but his own." — Pope.
"Roscommon tills with elegant remark
His verse as elegant; unspotted lines
Flow from a mind unspotted as themselves." —
Hurtlis's Vtlliige Curate.
Dillwyn, Lewis W. Synopsis of the Brit. Confervse,
Lon., 1802-09, 4to. Botanist's Guide through England
and Wales ; by D. Turner and L. W. D. Cat. of Plants
near Dover ; Trans. Linn. Soc, 1S02. Cat. of recent shells,
1817, 2 vols. Svo. See Lister, M.ietix, M.D.
Dilworth, Thomas, d.l780. Book-Keeper's Assist,
Svo; Schoolmaster's do., 12mo. Arithmetic, 12mo ; Com- |
pendium of do. 1752, 12mo. Guide to English Tongue,
1761, 12mo. These were long popul.ar.
Diinock, Henry. Serm., Oxf., 1783, 4to. Notes on
the Psalms and Proverbs, Glouce.s., 1791, 4to ; do. on Ge-
nesis, Exodus, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the
Minor Prophets, 1S04, 4to.
"Almost entirely critical. . . . The work, on the whole,_ does
credit to the learning of the author, and affords some aid in inter-
preting the nible."— Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Dimond, Wm., the Y"ounger,wrote a number of poems
and dr.amatic pieces, 1800-13. See Biog. Dramat.
Dirasdale, Thomas, Baron, M.D., 1718-1800, acele-
brated inoculator for the small-pox, pub. several treatises
upon the subject, 1767-SI, some of which formed part of
a controversy between the author and M. Lettsom. See
Blake, John. Dr. Dimsdale was created B,aron of the
Empire by the Empress of Russia for his success in ino-
culating her Majesty and the Grand Duke. See Gent.
Mag.. Ixxi., Ixxxviii!, 209, 669.
Dine, Wm. Poems on several occasions, 1771, Svo.
Diuely, Sir John. Methods to get Husbands. Mea-
sure in Words and Syllables, 1793, Svo,
ed. of two Essays pub. 1708, '10, Svo. Genealogy of the
House of Brunswick-Lunenburg, 1714. Flora, and the
Tnans. of Mr. Gardiner, 3d ed., 1728, Svo. Serms., ic.,
1711-27.
Disney, John, D.D., 1746-1S16, Chaplain to Bishop
Law, and Vicar of Swinderley, subsequently joined the
Unitarians. He pub. many serins., theolog. treatises, Ac.,
1781-1812. Memoirs of Dr. Sykes. 1785, Svo; of Dr. Jor-
tin, 1792, Svo; of T. H. Ilollis. 1780, 2 vols., 4to; now
ed., 180S, 4to. Serms., 179.3-1816, 4 vols. Svo.
" The style is generally clear, perspicuous, and well suited to
common capiicities."— Britisft Critic.
Disney, John. Laws of Gaming, Horse Racing, Ac,
Lon., 1806, '09, Svo. Abridgt. of Election Law, 1812, Svo.
Acts of Parliament rel. to Co. and Bor. Elections, 1820,
Svo. 6 Letters to Sir S. Romilly. resp. the Penal Laws,
1810, Svo. Dodson's Life of Sir M. Foster, 1S12, Svo.
Disney, John. Museum Disneianum ; 3 ptirts, r. 4to,
Lon., 1848-49. 127 Illustrations, engraved by George Mea-
som, £4 lis. 6d. This fine collection is now in the Fitz-
william Museum, Cambridge, England; it has been long
known and prized by the Archajologist, and won the en-
comiums of Flaxman, Westmacott, Sir H. Ellis, Ac.
'• They are illustrat<?d in a manner which every one must allow
gives ample evidence of the learning and elegance of mind of their
.accomplished author." — Lon. Chtssical Museum, April, 1849.
" 'The antii[uarian and the lover of the curiosities of by-gone
ages will find in this book much to .amuse and instruct him." —
Lon. Art Journal. S'pt. 1S48.
Disney, Samuel. Discourses, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Disney, W., D.D. Serm., Ac., 1790, 1800.
Disraeli, Rt. Hon. Benjamin, b. in London, 1S05,
is a son of Isaac Disraeli, author of the Curiosities of Lite-
rature, Ac, (e.pHst.) When 18 years of age he visited
Germany, and on his return pub. Vivian Grey, 1826, 2 vols. ;
1827, continued, 3 vols.
" The history of an ambitious young man of rank, who, by dint
of talent, personal atlvant.ages. and audacity, becomes the dictator
of certain circles in high life, some of the recent occurrences and
actors in which he has taken the liberty to describe with great
Dingley, Robert, 1619-1659. a Puritan divine, Roc- ' freedom. Decidedly the cleverest production of the class to which
torof Brixton Spiritual Taste described. Lon- 1^9 Svo. , ^V'i>^"g•:;7,t^1'^/:friTJteHn bisart: and we may venture
Deputation of Angels, Ibol, Svo. Divine Optics, 1655, ; ^^ , ^^ j^^^^,.^ j,^ ^,5 produced, as at once a prognostic and
Svo. Thunder. 1668, 12mo. i aooomplishment of original invention,— that rare faculty in the
Dingley, Robert. Gems and Precious Stones, par- gt-nius of this age."
604
DIS
DIS
" These Tolumos abound with passa;zes not surpassed for their
beauty io our literature. Delicacy and sweetness are mingled with
impressive eloquence and enertretic truth. The maRlc of the style
simply consists in the emotions of the wiiter. He is a thinker who
inaUeB others think ; and these volumes will be reperused at inter-
vals with the delijiht of novelty."
"We must allow that the author has copied with considerable
f:delity the tone of drawing-room life, and transmitted to us with
great truth, by means of a few felicitous stroke.s, a number of por-
traits, which will easily be recognised as resemblances of living
ori-^inals." — Lon. Mmithly Bet-ieiv, July, TS26.
In 1826 Mr. Disraeli visited Italy and Greece. In 1831
ho was a candidate — un the Radical side — fur the borough
of Wycombe, and he lust the election in two contests. He
was a candidate in 18.35 as a Conservative for the borough
of Taunton, and fared no better than before; but in 1S37
he was returned to Parliament as a Tory for the borough of
Maidstone. In 1841 he was returned for Shrewsbury; in
18-13 he supported Peel, but in the three following sessions
was his bitter opponent and an advocate of Protection.
Upon the formation of Lord Derby's ministry in 1852,
Disraeli became Chancellor of the Excheiiuer. and held
that positi<m for nine months. Since his retirement he
has distinguished himself by parliamentary opposition to
Whigs and Peelites.
Familiar with those scenes of life in which readers are
the most interested, possessing a highly imaginative cast
of mind and descriptive powers of no common order, it is
no marvel that the author of Vivian Grey should be one
of the most popular writers of his time.
We enumerate Mr. Disraeli's other productions. 2.
Voyage of Capt. Popanilla, 1S2S. 3. The Young Duke,
1831. 4. England and France. 5. Contarini Fleming,
1833. 6. Alruy, the Wondrous Tale, and The Rise of
Iskander. 1833. 7. The Revolutionary Epic; a Poem, 18.34,
4to. 8. The Crisis Examined, 1834. " 9. Vindication of the
English Constitution, 1834. 10. Letters of Runnymede,
1836. 11. Henrietta Temple, 1836; last ed., 1857. 12.
Venetia, 1837. 13. Alcaros ; a Tragedy, 1839. 14. Con-
ingsby ; or, The New Generation, 1S44.
*' In whatever point of view we examine this work, it commands
unmixed admiration. It is admirable as a novel of real life, as a
picture of English society, as an exposition of political parties and
principles, as a gallery of living portraits. The recommendation
of such a novel to our readers would be a work of supererogation.
Everybody will read it."' — Court Journal.
15. Sibyl; or, The New Nation. 1845.
"Few will read the volumes for either the story or the plot." —
BrU. Quar. Rtiv., ii. 172.
16. Ixion in Heaven. 17. Tancred; or, The New Cru-
sade, 1847.
"It is full of charming effects of style and fine delineations,
when living characters are no longer the subjects. The descrip-
tions of Oriental life are only to be compared with those of Anas-
tasius or £othen." — Edin. Heview, Ixxxvi. 153.
" For our own part, we cannot se^uy use that is to be answered
by such books as Tancred. It is as dumb as the poor chokt-d
hunchback in the Arabian Nights, when we ask what its business
is. There are no characters in it. There is no dramatic interest,
none of plot or incident. . . . Moralists tell us, that every man is
bound to sustain bis share in the wei;rht of the world's sorrows
and trials, and we honestly feel as if we had done our part by read-
ing Tancred." — J. It. Lowell, in Xorfh Ain^-r. Jfctvetv. Ixv. 223.
18. Lord George Bentinck. a Polit. Biog., 5th ed., 1852.
"In this most interesting volume Mr. I'i^raeli has not only added
to his reputation, but we v<_-iily bcti<-v.- iiuist increase his inHuence
even as a politiiian." — Dubl. Unh: Ma<jnzine.
"This ^liof^raphy caimot fail to attract the deep attention of the
public. We are bound to say, that as a political biocraphy, we
have rarely, if ever, met with a book more dextrously handled, or
more replete with interest." — BlackwoijdC s Magazine.'
An ed. of his works was pub. in 1853 ; and the last cd.,
in 10 vols. p. 8vo, — comprising Nus. 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14,
15, 16, 17, suprUf — appeared in 1857.
We are also indebted to Mr. Disraeli for a new ed. of Mr.
Isaac Disraeli's valuable Commentaries on the Life and
Reign of King Charles L, 1851, 2 vols. 8vo ; and he is
now (1858) engaged iu editing a new uniform ed. of his
father's Works, with a Memoir and Notes.
"The years between Vivian Grey and Tancred have not been
spent idly by Mr. Disraeli. He has written many works of fiction,
all, we believe, successful, and some of them among the best of
their time : some verse, in which he has rat her tried than exercised
his powers; and political essays, anonymous, but acknowledv'ed.
in which the thinj; to be said was evidently much less valued than
the manner of saying it. The Adventures of Captain popanilla
deserve to bo remembered as an admirable adaptation of Gulliver
to later circumstances; and the Wondrous Taleof Alroy is a most
imaf^inative atf^empt to naturalize iu our language that rhymed
and assonant prose which has so great a charm for Eastern ears,
but which with us will scarcely win nmre admirers th:in have
been gained by the attempts at English hexameters." — luiin. He-
view, Ixxxvi- 139.
See a Critical Biog. of Mr. Disraeli by G. H. Francis,
Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Disraeli, Isaac, 1766-1848, father of the preceding,
and son of a Venetian merchant of Jewish extraction, was
a native of Enfield, near London. He was educated at
Amsterdam and Leyden, and travelled for some time in
various parts of the Continent. Inheriting a handsome
fortune, which gave him the command of his time, and
possessing a strong attachment to literary investigations,
we need not be surprised that this gentleman contributed
so much valuable matter to the literature of his age. Two
interesting letters of the young aspirant for literary honours
and usefulness will be found iu the Gent. Mag. : they are
addressed to the Rev. Dr. Vicesimus Knox, and bear the
date of 1786. In December of the same year he pub. in
the Gent. Mag., Remarks on the Biographical Accounts of
the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D., with an attempt to vin-
dicate his character from late misrepresentations, signed
I. D. I.
The youthful .author made some attempts at poetry, but
soon satisfied himself that he was not to look for distinc-
tion in this sphere. In 1790 he pub. A Defence of Poetry,
with a Specimen of a New Version of Telemachus, 4to, and
in 1803 a volume of Narrative Poems, 4to. Some of his
poetical efl'usions will be found in the Gent. Mag., Ixxi.
446, and in the vol. entitled The Claims of Literature.
Curiosities of Literature, vol. i., 1791; vol. ii., 1793; 2d
ed., 1794. 8vo: subsequently eidarged to 3 vols., (3d vol.,
1817:) 2d serie.«, 1823. The later impressions were en-
larged and imjiroved ; the i2th cd. was pub. in 1841, and
the 14th in 1850. A Dissertation on Anecdotes, 1793, 8vo.
Essay on the Manners and Genius of the Literary Cha-
racter, 1795, 8vo. Miscellanies ; or Literary Recreations,
1796, 8vo. Vaurien. a Satirical Novel, 1797; anon. Ro-
mances, 1799, 8vo. Flim Flams ; or the Life of My Uncle,
&c., 1805. 3 vols. 12mo. Calamities of Authors, 1812, '13,
2 vols. Svo. Quarrels of Authors, 1814, 3 vols. Svo. In-
quiry into the Literary and Political Character of King
James the First, 1816. Svo. Commentaries on the Life
and Reign of King Charles L, 1828-31, 5 vols. Svo; and
a sequel. Eliot, Hampden, and Pym, 1832. The Genius
of Judaism, 1833, p. Svo. Amenities of Literature, 1841,
Svo. This work was intended as part of an extensive sur-
vey of English Literature, hut partial blindness, induced
by long-continued application, prevented the completion
of this praiseworthy design.
But Mr. Di.'^raeli did enough to entitle him to the lasting
gratitude of posterity. No lover of letters, old or young,
should be without the following volumes:
Curiosities of Literature, new ed., with Life, Lnn., 1851,
r. Svo. An edit, in 3 vols. Svo, with Life of the Author
by his son, {see Disraeli, Rt. Hon. Benjamin;) new ed.,
with Life by his son, Bost., 185S, 4 vols. Svo. Mi.^cellanies
of Literature; consisting of: 1. Literary Miscellanies; 2.
Calamities of Authors ; 3. Quarrels of Authors ; 4. Charac-
ter of James I. ; 5. The Literary Character, 1840. r. 8yo.
Amenities of Literature ; 2d ed.. 1842, 3 vols. Svo. The Life
and Reign of Charles I. ; a new ed., revised by B. Disraeli,
Esq., 1851, 2 vols. Svo. Our author pub. many articles in
the Gent. Mag., and was a contrib. tn Nichols's Lit. Anec.
In 1837 Mr. Bolton Corney pub. a vol. entitled Curiosities
of Literature Illlustrated, in which grave charges are ad-
duced against Mr. Disraeli's literary character. AVe have
already referred to this vol., {see CoRNEV. Bolton,) and shall
not here enter into any examination of the justice of these
imputations.
We conclude with the quotation of some opinions upon
Mr. Disraeli's literary merits.
Calamities of Authors.
*'The middle of the hook is much better than the two ends: it
is one of those works which are designed for the breakfiist-tal'le
and the sofa, and is so well adapted for Its purpose, that he who
takes it up will not readily lay it down. The matter is as amus-
ing as any lover of light reading can desire, and of such a desul-
tory kind that a comment might easily be made as extensive as the
text." — Robert Southey, in Lim. Qiuxr. Rerieiv. viii. 93, 1812.
"That it will tend to meliorati-llu- inmiition of authors, or detei
a single young m:iu, of scribbling pruji.'nsiti.'S. from rushing into a
profession so unprofitable, is ratb-T tv ^•e■ huped than expected." —
British Critic, slvi. 12.
Commentaries on the Life and Reign of Charles the
First, vols. iii. and iv., 1830.
"Mr. Disraeli seems not to have considered how much easier it
is to accumulate great masses of materials than to impart to them
a harmonious form. Almost any artist in marble can imitate the
face; but to give it the divine art of life belongs only to a Canova
or a Chantrey.
" We do not know how we can better convey to the reader our
opinion of these volumes than by comparing them to the frag-
ments of a broken mirror, reflecting an infinity of small objects.
We perceive no master hand selecting the more precious materials,
and disposing them .according to a felicitous design." — Lon. Monthly
Rex'ipw. c.\xiii. 195, 1S30.
"By far the most important work upon the important ^e of
DIS
DIX
Charlesl. that modern times have produced. . , . The well-known '
spirit of research of the author, and his acquaintance with the
sources of secret history, have produced a work which we hesitate
not to call iJidispcnsable for all desirous of formiug an accurate
judgment of the period of history it embraces."— Zoh. Quor. Bev. .
"The presentisanotherdeli.'btfulbookadded to thefnrmer pro ,
ductions of this esteemed writer, full not merely of his usual plea- ,
sant gossip of the oldun time, but of curious personal politii-al his-
tory. It is calculated to throw an impartial li;;ht upun the leading '
events in the reij::n of the lirst Charles — a rt-i^'n more resembling
a romantic tale, or a trairic drama, than almost any period which '
could be selected out of the history of any nation." — Lon. Liturary j
Gazette. \
New Series of the Curiosities of Literature. 1S23, 3 vols. '
" We fear not to say. that no .man who has perused these volumes
attentively, atn tail to be a great, a very great deal more kjiov.'ing
than he was when he be'j;an ; and that the fault must be entirely
his own. if he be not also a great deal wiser." — £UicKwo<xi's Maga-
ziitr, xiii. ItiS, 1S2I3,
•' The numerous editions which have been printed of the Curiosi-
ties of Literature, amply attest the value of this instructive and
amusing work on literary history and criticism." — T. H. IIorne:
Introduc. tn Biblwf/rap?iy, 412.
"Mr. Disnieli, from whose works the hestrinformed reader may
learn murh." — Kodert Southet.
" His works must live in honour, and in freshness, as long as
our history and literature survive, and no man will turn over their
pages three hundred years hence, without sayiug to himself. —
'This was a man of indefatigable zeal, of elegant feelings, and,
above all, of lofty purity of character.'" — Blackwood's Magazine,
xiii. 163. 1S23.
"Mr. Disraeli is and deserves to be a popular writer: bis senti-
ments are liberal; his topics are various; his illustrations display
command of reading: and his style is lively and poignant. Few
writers instruct so amusingly and amuse so instructively." — Lon.
Monthly licvietv.
" He is one of the most learned, intelligent, lively, and agreeable
authors of our era; he h.as composed a series of works, which,
while they shed abundance of light on the character and condition j
of literary men. and show us the state of genius in this land, have
all the attractions for general readers of the best romances. . . .
I see it intimated that Disraeli has the llistory of British Litera-
ture in contemplation ; he cannot do a more acceptable service to
the republic of letters, than write it." — Allan Cunningham : Biog.
a7id Orit. Hist of the Lit. of the. hist Fifty Years, 1853.
The distinguished author whose testimony shall con-
clude our article profiteil greatly by the works whose merit
he thus handsomely aekunwled-^es :
" That most entertaining and seiu-cbing writer, Disraeli, whose
works iu general I have read oftener than perhaps those of any
other English writer whatever." — Lord Byron.
New eds. of the Curiosities of Literature, Calamities of
Aut-hors, Quarrels of Authors, and Miscellauies, all revised,
with Additional Notes, by the Rt. Hon. the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, (Sir (ieorge Cornewall Lewis,) are an-
nounced (1S5S) for immediate publication.
Distiirnell, Josiah. Serm.. Lon., 1791, 4to.
Ditton, Humphrey, 1675-1715, a mathematician of
considerable eminence, a native of Salisbury, was elected
Mathematical Master of Christ's Hospital principally by
the influence of Sir Isaac Newton. Laws of Nature and
Motion, Lon., 1705, 8vo. Fluxions, 1706, 8vo. Synopsis
Algebraicum of Helvetius, with addits., Ac., 1709. Per-
spective, 1712, Svo.
"This gave the iirst hints of the new method afterwards en-
larged upon and improved by Dr. Brook Taylor; and which was
pul^lished in 1715."
Other raathem.^t. works, and the following theolog. trea-
tise, which has been highly commended and trans, into
several languages: A Discour.«e concerning the Resurrec-
tion of Jesus Christ, in three parts, with an Appendix,
1712, Svo; 5th ed.. 1740. Svn.
" In this discourse the most solid reasoning on the subject of the
resurrection will be found." — Bishop Watson.
" The two treatises of Humphrey Ditton and Gilbert West deserve
particular attention." — Dr. Kij>pis's Note in D"d<h'i'lge^s Lfctwes.
" He states the nature of moral evidence, and alleges, with much
force, the proofs of the fact of the Saviour's resurrection." — Oi'm£s
Bibl. Bib- See Biog. Brit.; Whiston's Memoirs; Gospel Mag., 1777.
DiXf Dorothea L., a zealous philanthropist, a native
of Massachusetts, who has done much to ameliorate the
condition of the prisoner and the lunatic, has pub. several
works anonymously, among which are The Garland of
Flora: Conversations about Common Things; Alice and
Ruth; Private Hours ; tracts for prisoners, Ac.
Uix, Henry. Art of Bracbygrajihy, Lou., 1641, Svo ;
and an edit., 1633. This system of short-hand resembles
Willis's.
Dix, John* Lays of Home, Lon. Local Legends,
1839, t'p. Svo. Progress of Intemperance, 1839, ob. fol.
Life of Thomas Chatterton, 1837. fp. Svo ; 1851. We have
noticed this vol. under Chatterton, Thom.\s.
Dix, John A. Resources of the City of N. York, N.
York, 1S27, Svo, Decisions of the Supt. of Com. Schools,
N. York, and Laws relating to 0. Schools, Albany, 1S37,
8vo. A Winter in Madeim. and a Summer in Spain and
Florence, N. York, 1861, 12mo; 1S55.
&06
.Dix, John H., M.D., of Boston. Mass. Strabismus,
Pbila.. 1S41. Morbid sensibility of the Retina, Boston,
1849, 12mo. Changes of the Blood in Disease j trans,
from the French of M. Gibert, Phiia., Svo.
•'The treatise of 51. Gibert is elaborate, and exhibits a very good
view of the relation of the blood to the morbid conditions of the
system." — Wnsta-n Lancet.
Dix, Thomas. Land Surveying, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Maps, 1805, Svo. Juvenile Atlas, 1811, 4to.
Dix, Win. S. Grain Machine, 1797, 4to. See Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog., 82.
Dixon, Kev. Kdmund Saul. Dovecote, ^c, Lon.>
1851, '53-54, ]2mu. Ornamental and Domestic Poultry,
1S4S. '5S, ]2mo.
Dixon, Fletcher. Serm., <fcc., 1792, '93.
Dixon, Frederick. Geology and Fossils of the Ter--
tjary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex ; edited by ProL
Owen, assisted by Professors Forbes, Bell, Mr. Lonsdalcj
Ac., Lon., 1850, r. 4to. This valuable work contains mucU
general information respecting the geology of England.
Dixon, Capt. George. Voyage round the World^
but more particularly to the N. W. Coast of America, 1785—
88, Lon., 1789, 4to. Voyage of Meares, 1790, 4to; further,
do., 1791, 4to. Navigator's Assistant, 1791, 12uio.
Dixon, IIenr>'. Mora; Essays, a. I. et a.
Dixon, John. Letters on Fisheries, 1802, 4to.
Dixon, Joseph, M D, Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Dixon, Joseph, D.D., R.C. Archbishop of Armagh.
A General Introduc. to the Sacred Scriptures j repub., Bal-
timore, 1853, 2 vols. Svo.
'■ Dr. Dixon has given us the first Catholic Introduction to Scnp-
ture which has appeared in our language, and has pertbrmed his
task in a manner that reflects high credit on the office which he
holds, and the place in which he occupies it,"' — Dublin Jievietv.
Dixou, Joshua, M.D. The Literary Life of Wm.
Brownrigg, M.D.. ISUl, Svo.
Dixon, Joshua. Church Catechism Illustrated, 6th
ed., Lon., 1S41, 18mo. It contains 4000 Scripture refer-
ences, and is an invaluable assistant to the Suuday-sehool
teacher. Rcimb. in Boston. Revised and adapted to the
Liturgy of the Church in America by Rev. George A. Smith.
Dixon, R. Law relative to Title Deeds and other Docu-
ments, Lon., 1S26, 2 vols. Svo. New Code relating to Real
Property, 1827, Svo.
Dixon, Richard. Serm., 1812, 4to.
Dixon^ Robert, D.D. Consnnguinity and Affinity,
Lon., H374. Svo. Nature of the two Testaments, 1676, fol.
Dixon, Robert. Canidia, or the Witches, a (Poetical)
Rhapsody in five parts, Lon., 1682, "83, 4to.
Dixon, Robert. Norfolk Scenery, ISlO, '11, 4to.
Dixon, Roger. Consultum Sanitatus; a Directory
to Health, Lon., 1663, 12mo. Advice to the Poor, 1665, 4to.
Dixon, Thomas. See Dicksox.
Dixon, William. Vegetable Balls Found in a Lake
in Yorkshire ; Phil. Trans., 1751.
Dixon, William. Distillation from Corn, 1811, Svo,
Dixon, Wm. Hepworth, of the Inner Temple, b.
1821, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, settled in London
in 1846, and soon became known by his writings in pe-
riodical works. Appointed editor of the Atbenieum in
1853. John Howard and the Prison-World of Europe,
Lon., 1850, 12mo; 3d ed., 1850, 12mo ; 5th ed., 1854, fp.
"A Life of Howard was certainly wanted, and our author nas
proved himself competent to execute the task." — Lo7i. AUiena-um.
"Adventures more extraordinary it is impossilile to conceive;
and they are recounted by Mr. Dixon with a succinctness, simpli-
city, and animation, that'leave nothing to be desired. The book
is more interestin;; than any romance." — Lou. D. Ktics.
The London Prisons, Ac., 1850, fp. Svo.
"These volumes relate to kindred subjects; and are written by
one who is iu every way calculated to do justice to his theme. We
only express our calm .and settled conviction, when we state it as
our opinion, that no works of equal interest, on the same subject,
have .-^een the light in our day."~X"W. Evangelical Mugazme.
William Penn, a Historical Biog., with an extra chapter
on the "Macaulay Charges," 1851, p. Svo; 3d ed., 1856.
" His style is [;ood and easy. There is life in his narrative and
vigour in his descriptions." — Edin. Hrview.
"As a biography the work has claims of no common order.
■Within the compass of a single volume Mr. Dixon has compressed
a great variety of facts, many original, and all skilfully arranged
so as to produce an authentic moral portrait of his hero. The lite-
rary merits of the volume include great research, and a narrative
at once consecutive and vivid." — Lon. Athen., 1851, S46, and 1856.
Robert Blake, Admiral and General at Sea: based on
Family and State Pai)er9, 1852, 12mo ; 2d ed,, 1858.
"The subject is noble; and Mr. Dixon lias treated it with rare
vigour, spirit, and conscientiousness." — Lon. Leader.
The French in England : Both Sides of the Question on
Both Sides of the Channel, 1852.
"The author wields a skilful pen, and tells his story with true
historical fervour."— Xon. Ocnt. Mag.
BOA
Doanc, Aiipiistiis Sidney, M.D.. 1S0S-1S52, a na-
tive of Boston, Mdss., removed to New York in 1830, where
he resided until his death. An edit, of Good's Study of
Medicine. Trans, of Maygrier on Midmfory, Dupuytren's
Surgery, Lugol's Scrofulous Disease?, Bayle's Descriptive
Anatomy, Blaudin*s Topographical Anatomy, Meckel's
Anatomy, Scoutctten on Cholera, Ricord on Syphilis,
Chaussier on the Arteries, &c. Contributions to Surgery
Illustrated, and to sundry medical journals. See a bio-
graphical notice of tins learned physician in The Interna-
tional Mag., V. 427, N. York, 1S62.
Doanc, George Washington, D.D., LL.D., b. in
Trenton, Now Jersey, 1799, graduated at Union College,
Schenectady, at lU; ordained Deacon by Bishop Ilobart,
1821; Priest, 1823; Rector of Trinity Church, New Y<-rk,
for three years. In 1824 he was appointed Professor uf
Belles Lettres and Oratory in Washingtf)n College, Con-
necticut. In 1S28 he resigned that office, and soon after
assumed the charge of Trinity Church, Boston. In 1832
he was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of New Jersey.
He pub. a collection of poetical pieces in 1824, entitled
Songs by the Way, and he has from time to time given to
the world a number of theological treatises, discourses, Ac.
A collection of his Sermons and Charges was pub. in Lon-
don in 1842, 8vo.
Some of Bishop Doane's poems have been greatly ad-
mired.
Dobbin, Orlando T.,LL.D., Trinity College, Dublin.
Tentamen Auti-Straussiauum : The Antiquity of the Gos-
pels asserted on Philolugic.il Orouiuls in Refutation of the
Mythic Scheme of Dr. David Frederick Strauss: an Argu-
ment, Lon., 1845, 8vo.
•■ A work in no lommon deffree acute, learned, eloquent, and —
what is rarer still in a region so often traversed — original." —
Church of Ireland Mag.
'* It leaves Dr. Strauss without a loophole whereby to escape, and
establishes most unanswerably the antiquity of the Gospels.'' —
Cfiurch and .Sfafe Guzdtc.
" Complete, conclusive, and unansweralile." — Christ. Examiv'ir.
The Sabbath of Heaven, Lon., 1849. 8vo.
Dobbs, Arthur, d. 1765, Governor of N. Carolina,
1753. Trade and Improvement of Ireland, Dubl.,1729,8vo.
'•This essay contains some iuterestinj^ statements respecting the
trade and population of Ireland, and its state at the period to
wbifh it refers.'" — McCuUoch's Lit. nf PuUt. E<:'m.
Captain Middleton's Defence, 1744, 8vo. Countries ad-
joining to Hudson's Bay. 1744, Svo. Several tracts were
elicited by this work. Sec Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and
Eieh's Bibl. Anier. Nova, anno 1754.
Dobbs, Francis. The Patriot King, a Trag., 1774,
8vo. Universal Hist., Lon., 1787, 4 vols. 12mo; Summary
of do., 1SU9, 9 vols. Svo. Other works.
Dobbs, Richard. Serm., 1762, 8vo.
Dobel, D. Primitive Christianity propounded; or an
Essay to revive the ancient mode or manner of Preaching
the Gospel, Lon., 1755, Bvo. Mr. Dobel insists that rcail-
ing sermons is not ■preaching. See Lon. Monthly Rev., xii.
240, 1755.
Dobell, John. Selec. of 700 Hymns, 1812, Bvo j later
eds. Baptism, 1807. Humanity, 1812, 8vo.
Dobell, Peter. Travels in China, Siberia, and Kamts-
chatka, Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
•' Full of curious facts, of new and interesting: accounts of coun-
tries known to us very imperfectly, and in many particulars not
known at all." — Lon. Spectator.
Dobie, A, English styles for Scotch Law practice,
Lon., 1824, 8vo.
Dobuey, J. T. Devotion for Schools, 3d ed., Lon.,
1846.
Dobson's Dry Bobs, 1610, 4to. A copy is among Ca-
pell's Shaksperiana at Trinity CuUcge, Cambridge.
Dobson, John. 1. Dr. Pierce. 2. Serm., 1663, 70.
Dobson, Joshua. Serm., 1747, 8vo.
Dobson, Matthew, M.D., d. 1784. Medical Comment,
on Fixed Air, Lon., 1779, Svo ; 2d ed. by W. Falconer, M.D.,
1785, Svo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778 ; Phil. Trans.,
1774-81.
Dobson, Robert, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1770, '75.
Dobson, Mrs. Susannah, wife of Matthew Dobson,
M.D. Life of Petrarch, from the French of the Abb^ de
Bade, Lon., 1775. 2 vols. Svo : Diibl, 1777. 12mo; Lon.,
1840, Svo. Literary Hist, of the Troubadours, Lou., 1779,
Svo; 1307; Ancient Chivalry, 1784, Svo; both from the
French of St. Palaye. Traus. of Petrarch's View of Hu-
man Life, 1791, Svo. A Dialogue on Friendship and
Society.
Dobson, W, S, R. Hooker's Works, Lon., 1825, 2
vols. Svo.
Dobson, Wm. Prussian Campaignj a Poem, 1758.
DOD
Dobson, M'm. Kunoptodia; a Practical Essay on
Breaking or Training the English Spaniel or Pointer,
1814. Svo.
Dobyns, John. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1728.
Dochant, (-eorge. Catechism, Lou., 165;l, 12mo.
Docharty, G. B. Institutes uf Algebra, New York,
1852, 12mo.
■■ Professor rocharty presents the topics of Algebra in a natural
order, and with threat clearness of statement tbmu'^hout. \Vy cuu
cnmmend this bonk to the careful examination of teachers." —
Methodist Quarterly Review.
Institutes of Arithmetic, 1854, 12mo.
Dockirray, Thomas. Serms., 1743, '54.
Docultrce, Amoo. Game of Ruwlet. Lon., 1774.
Docura, Ann. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 1700.
Dod, Charles Roger, 1793-1855, originally in-
tended lor tlio bar. For thirty-seven years he was con-
nected with the journals of London, and for twenty-three
3'ears he was connected with the Times newspaper. He
superintended the reports of the debates in Parliament,
and wrote the memoirs of the most distinguished persons
who died during that time, for the same jourual. The
Parliamentary Companion, 1855 : 24th year. Peerage,
Baronetage, and Knightage, 1855 : 15th year.
"The best publication of this kiud that we have seen." — West-
minster Hev.
Annual Biography. Electoral Facts. 1832-52 ; new ed.,
1853. Manual uf Dignities and Precedence, 1842, '44.
Dod, II. Psalms and Songs, Lon., 1620. Svo.
Dod, John, 1547-1645, Rector of Fawesley, 1624, is
generally called The Decalogist, from his Comment, on the
' Ten Commandments. Although a Puritan, he was a zeal-
ous Royalist. Expos, of the Ten Commandments by Dod
and Rubt. Cleaver, Lon.. 1606, 4to; 1626; 8th ed., 1632.
Serms., 1614, 'IS, '21. Expos, of the Book of Proverbs,
by Dod. Robt. Cleaver, and Wm. Flinde, 1606, 4to; 1611.
Expos, of the Lord's Prayer, 1635, fol.
"John Dod was by nature a witty, by industry a learned, by
grace a ^odlv, divine."— i^«//t:rs Worthies of Cheshire.
" He was in learning excelled by few ; and in noaffetted piety by
none. He was particuiarly emiuent for his knowledge of the He-
brew language, whi'-h he taught the famous John Gregory of Christ
Church, in Oxford.*— Granger.
Dod, John, Serm., Lon., 1777, Svo.
Dod, Uev. Marcus. On the Incarnation of the
Eternal Wnrd. New ed., with a Notice by the late Rev.
Thomas Cliiilniers. D.D.
Dod, Pierce, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1729^3.
Dod, Samuel, Serm., Lon., 1714, 4to.
Dod, Thonijus. Serm., Oxou., 1717, Svo.
Dodd, A. Charles. The Contrast; strictures on Dr.
Price's Addit. Observ. on Civil Liberty, Ac, Lon., 1777, Svo.
" A very illiberal and indecent performance." — Lon. Monthly
Herifw.
; Dodd, C. E. Law of Elections, Lon., 1826, Svo.
Dodd, Charles, or Richard Tootle, d. about 1745,
a Roman Catholic priestand historian, residing at Harving-
' ton, Wurcesturshiro, was the author of The Church Hist.
I of England, 1500-1688, the labour of thirty years. It
bears the imprint of Brussels, (1737, '39, '42, 3 vols, fol.,)
\ but is supposed to have been printed at Wolverhampton,
j Staffordshire. This work was furmerly entirely neglected,
I but within the last few years has been sold fur as high aa
' £10 10s. The publication uf a new ed. by the Rev. M. A.
I Tierney, with Notes, Additions, and Continuation, tu be
! comprised in fourteen vols. Svo, was commenced in 1839,
I and its completion was promised by the end of 1842. It
' is now thirteen years later, (1855,) and but 5 vols, have ap-
peared, 1830-43. v(d. 5th being supplemental to Dodd, and
written by Mr. Tierney. Whence the delay ? The pub-
lication price of the new ed. was 12*., small paper j 21^.,
large paper, per vol.
" A book of rare occurrence, and interesting chiefly to the curious
in biography. It was published as an antidote to Burnet, and is
avowedly written as a defence of the Komau Catholics. Theauthor
was a caustic and not unqualitied writer. His love of ridicule is
apparent: his reliectious upon some of our early Reformers are
sometimes both unfounded and severe."— J»i6cfiM's Library Ct^n-
vanion.
'* It is verv rare and curious. Much of our own domestic history
is interwoven in that of the fugitive papists, and the materials of
this work are fre<iULntly drawn fmm their own archives, preserved
in their seminai ies at Douay, Valladulid. &c., which have not been
accessible to Protestant writers. Here I discovered a copious no-
menclature of eminent persons, and many literary men, with many
unknown facts, Ijoth of a private and jmblic nature. It is useful
at times to know whether an English author was a Catholic." —
IHsraeli's Quarrels of Authors.
In the new edit, the biographical part is not intermixed
with the history, but is intended tu form a distinct series in
the vols, after the 5th. In 1741 appeared A Specimen of
Amendments candidly proposed tu the compiler of a work
607
DOD
wliich he calls The Church History of England, 1500-168S ;
liy Clerophilus Alethcs. This elicited An Apology for the.
Church History of England, 1500-1 6S8; being a reply to a
quarrelsome libel entitled A Specimen of Amendments, ic.,
1 742, 8vo. Dodd also wrote Certamen utriusque Ecclesise.ic.,
1724, 4to. See the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. xiii.
Dodd, George. Days at the Factories, Lon., 184.?,
Svo. Manufactories of Great Britain, 1S44, '45, 6 vols.l8mo.
'■ A book omini-ntly suited to the times. ... It should be read
by all who would know how it is that England has acquired the
t h.aracter of Wm^ the greatest workshop of the world."— i'nfis/t
i\iivd fif India Magazine.
The Curiosities of Industry and the Applied Sciences,
1S52, Svo.
Dodd, James A., h. 1807, in Virginia, a self-made
mathematician, was chosen Prof, of Mathematics, Nat.
rhilos., and Astronomy, in the Centenary Coll., Miss., 1841 ;
in Transylvania Univ., 184f) ; President j)ro tern., 1849-55.
Elementary and Practical Arithmetic. High School Arith-
metic. Elementary .and Practical Algebra. Algebra for
High Schools and Colleges. Elements of Geometry and
Mensuration. Contrib. to Quarterly Review of the Meth.
E. Church South, Ac.
Dodd, James S. Satyrieal Lecture on Hearts, &c.,
8vo. Nat. Hist, of the Herring, Lon., 1752, Svo. Trans,
of Dr. Margafs New Prac. of Physio, 1774, 12mo. Hist.
of Gibrolt.ar, 1781, Svo.
Dodd, Mary Ann Hanmer, b. 1S13, a,t Hartford,
Connecticut, has contributed many poetical pieces of un-
common merit to The Hermencthean, The Ladies' Reposi-
tory, and The Rose of Sharon. A volume of her poems
was pub. at H.artford in 1843. We may instance The La-
ment, The Mourner, To a Cricket, The Dreamer, and The
Dove's Visit, as compositions of rare excellence.
Dodd, Philip Stanhope. Hints to Freshmen at
the Univcrsilv of Cambridge, 3d ed., 1807, 12mo.
Dodd, Ralph. Canals, Lon., 1795, Svo. Reports,
1798, 4to. Letters, 1799. Water, 1805, Svo. Dry Rot,
1815, Svo.
Dodd, William, D.D., 1729-1777, a divine of the
Church of England, equally noted for his great abilities
and his melancholy end, was a native of Bourne, Lincoln-
shire, of which parish his father was vicar, and educated
at Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1753, and
soon distinguished himself as one of the most eloquent
preachers in London. After various preferments. Dr.
Squier, Bishop of St. David's, procured for him a collation
to a prebend of Brecon, and in the same year he received
the appointment of tutor to Philip Stanhope, afterwards
Earl of Chesterfield. He was made one of the king's chap-
lains in 1764. Dodd was exceedingly fond of display, and
lived in a stylo altogether unsuited to his moder.ate cir-
cumstances. Finding himself deeply involved in debt, he
determined to make a bold effort to secure the rectory of
St. George's, Hanover Square, which had fallen to the dis-
posal of the crown. To her great surprise, the lady of
Lord Chancellor Apsley received an anonymous letter offer-
ing to present her with £3000 if she would obtain for Dr.
Dodd the vacant parish. This insulting propos.al was
traced to the aspirant himself, and the king ordered his
name to bo struck from the list of his chaplains. In 1777
he forged the name of his former pupil, Lord Chesterfield,
to a bond for £4200. Detected in this crime, he was cast
Into prison, tried, and convicted, and — notwithstanding
the most strenuous efforts to save his life — executed at Ty-
burn on the 27th of June.
Dodd's publications — a list of which will be found in
Watt's Bibl. Brit. — are numerous. We notice the follow-
ing : Discourses on the Miracles and Parables of Christ,
Lon., 1757, 4 vols. Svo. Serms. to Young Men, 1772, 3
vols. Svo ; 1st Amer. od., Phila., 1848, 24mo. An excel-
lent work. The Visitor, Lon., 1761, 2 vols. 12mo. Com-
fort for the Afflicted, 4th ed., 1789, 12mo. Thoughts in
Prison, in 5 parts, 1777, Svo ; many eds. Reflections on
Death, 3d cd., 1769, ISmo. The Beauties of Shakspcare,
1780, 3 V(ds. 12mo; new ed., 1810, '16. Comment, on the
Old and New Test,, with the Notes and Collections of John
Locke, Dr. Watcrland, Lord Clarendon, &c., pub. in num-
bers, 1765, &o. ; 3 vols, fol., 1770.
" This work, as giving in general the true sense of the Scriptures,
is by fiir the best Comment that h.as ever yet appeared in the Eng-
lish language." — Da. Adam Clarke.
Perhaps this is rather extravagant. We have already
noticed the reprint of this work, (6 vols. 4to, 1801-03.)
with some alterations by Dr. Thomas Coke, q.
name of John Locke in the title-page is an error. The
notes ascribed to him were really written by Dn. Ralph
Cudwokth; see the name in the Biog. Brit., last od.
HIS
DOD
Beauties of History, 1795, 12mo. A Common Place
Book to the Holy Bible, by John Locke, Esq., revised and
improved by Wm. Dodd, 1805, 4to; 1S24. The authenti-
city of this work is questionable.
'' It certainly is a very useful book." — Home's Bibl. Bib.
For further particulars respecting Dr. Dodd, see Memoirs
prefixed to his Thoughts in Prison ; Hist. Mem. of his Life
and Writings, by Isaac Reed, 1777, Svo; Jones's Life of
Homo; Gent. Mag., Ix., 1010, '66, '77; Boswell's Life of
Dr. Johnson.
Doddie, John. Associate Synod, 1800.
Doddridge, Doderidge, or Dodridge, Sir John,
1555-1628, an eminent English lawyer, was a native of
Barnstaple, Devonshire, and educated at Exeter College,
whence he was removed to the Middle Temple, appointed
his majesty's principal sergeant at law, 1607 ; Judge of the
Court of King's Bench, 1613. Among his works are Com-
plete Parson, 1602; last ed., 1641, 4to. The Lawyer's
Light, 1602, 4to. Hist. Account of the Estate of the Prin-
cipality of Wales, Duchy of Cornwall, and Earldom of
Chester, 1630, 4to.
" In this treatise. Sir John, with a great deal of industry and
ex.ictness, calculates the ancient and present revenues of the pala-
tinate ; hut is not curious in clearing up its original history."—
Bishop Nicohon's Evg. Hint. Lib.
English Lawyer, 1631, 4to. The Laws of Nobility,
Knights, ic, Lon., 1658, ]2mo. This is an enlarged cd.
of Bird's Magazine of Honour. Opinion, etc. rel. to the
power of Parliament, 1672, 12mo. Sheppard's Touchstone
and Wentworth's Executors have been ascribed to Judge
Doddridge.
Doddridge, Philip, 1702-1751, was the twentieth
child of a London merchant, and lost both of his parents
at an early age. His mother had been in the haldt of
teaching liim portions of Scripture history, by means of
the figured Dutch tiles of the chimney of her apartment.
To such faithful instruction it was owing that we find him
at the age of fourteen visiting the poor, calling their attell-
tion to the subject of personal religion, and dividing his
pocket-monev with the necessitous. At a private .school
at St. Alban's, his application and piety attracted the notice
of Dr. Samuel Clarke, who kindly undertook the charge
and expense of his education. In 1719 he entered the dis-
senting academy of John Jennings at Kibworth; and
afterwards continued his studies at Hinckley in Leicester-
shire. He evinced great conscientiousness in declining,
on account of scruples as to subscribing to the thirty-nine
articles, the liberal offer of the Duchess of Bedford, to sup-
port him at the university, and procure him preferment in
the church, if she should live until he had taken orders.
He met with much discouragement in his efforts to qualify
himself for the ofliee of a dissenting preacher. He says:
" • I waited on Dr. Edmund Calamy to beg his advice and assis^
ance, that I might be brought up a minister, which was always my
great desire. lie gave me no encouragement in it, but advLsed me
to turn my thoughts to something else.' Resolving 'to follow Pro-
vidence, and not force it.' ho was about applying himself to the
study of the law ; but before deciding he set apart one morning to
earnest solicitation for divine guidance : whilst thus occupied, ho
received a lettei from the generous Dr. Clarke, who offered to ad-
vance him to a pastoral otlice. Looking upon this timely offer
'almost as an answer from Heaven,' he accepted it joyfully."
In his studies, he was uncommonly diligent and method-
ical. At fourteen years of age ho commenced keeping a
diary, in which he " accounted for every hour of his time."
Whilst studying Homer, he made annotations sufficient to
fill a large volume ; and his interleaved Bible exhibits a
vast quantity of extracts and remarks, in illustration of
the text, taken from the works of eminent commentators.
Thus did he lay the foundation of his own admirable ex-
position. He was never too busy, however, to seek assist-
ance of the Father of Lights, "without whose help all
labour is ineffectual, and without whose grace all wisdom
is folly." (See Dr. Johnson's prayer on commencing the
Rambler.) He says :
"I found th.at an hour spent every morning in private prayer
and meditation gave me spirit and vigour for the business of the
day, and kept mv temper active, patient, and calm."
Among his private papers, written about this period, was
a solemn pledge to devote himself, his time, and his abili-
ties, to the service of religion, (this he read over once a
week,) and a set of rules for his general guidance. By aid
of these monitors he enforced upon himself
"The necessity of earlv rising, of returning solemn thanks for
the mercies of the night, and imploring divine aid through the
business of the day ; of divesting his mind, while engaged in prayer,
of every thing else, either external or internal; of reading the
Tl.'A I Scriptures daily; of never trifling with a book with which he had
^ " no business; of never losing a minute of time, or incurring any
unnecessary expense, so that hemight have more to spend for God;
of endeavouring to make himself agreeable and useful, by tender,
compassionate, and friendly deportment; of being very moderate
DOD
DOD
at meals, and of never delaying any thing, unless he could prove '.
that another time would be more fit than the present, or that some
otht-r more important duty lequired his immediate attention."
When we thus behold the fuundation upon which this
excellent young man began to build his character, we i
need not be surprised at the lofty elevation and striking ■
beauty to which the superstructure attained. In July,
1722, in his twentieth year, he commenced preaching to a
small congregation at Kibworth. Here he pursued his
biblical studies, and seems to have enjoyed both these and
his professional labours: I
*' One day passeth away after another, and T only know that it '
passeth pleasantly with me. . . . lean willingly give up the chaims i
of London, the luxury, the company, the popularity of it. for the i
secret pleasures of rational employment and self-approbation; re- i
tired from applau.<;e and reproach, from envy and contempt, and
the destructive habits of avarice and ambition,"
His favourite authors in his retirement were Tillotson, |
Baxter, and Howe. In 1727 he was chosen assistant
preacher at Market Harborough. Two years afterwards,
by the solicitation of Dr. Watt, he established an academy
for the education of young men designed for the ministry.
Among his pupils, were Dr. Kippis, the editor of the Bio-
graphia Britaunica, Dr. Hugh Farmer, author of the Essay
on tiie Daimoniaes of the New Testament, and Newton
Cappe. In December, 1729, he took charge of a congre-
gation at Northampton, and in the following March was
ordained. In December. 1730, he was married to a lady
named Maris. On this occasion he drew up the following
rules, which we commend to all our married readers, and
to all who design entering into that happy relation:
"It shall be my daily care to keep up flir ^)iirit of piety in my
conversation with my wife; to recomm.Mni litT tn the divine bless-
ing; to manifest an obliging, tender, disposition towards her, and
particularly to avoid every thing which has the appearance of pet-
tishness, to which, amidst my various cares and labours, I may, in
some unguarded moments, be liable."
He contracted a cold in December, 1750, whilst travel-
ling to St. Alban's to preach a funeral sermon on Dr. Clarke.
The next July he preached his last sermon. A voyage to I
Lisbon was recommended, but his scanty means presented j
an obstacle to this step. Upon this becoming known, a
clergyman of the Church of England set on foot a subscrip- |
tion for his relief. A large sum was raised, and Doddridge I
embarked on the 30th of September, 17ol; the voyage \
proved of no benefit, and he expired at Lisbun, a fortnight |
after he had landed : his remains were interred in the burial-
ground of the British Factory. In person he was rather
above the middle height, and very slender. His manners
were very easy and polite, his conversation was agreeable
and at times brilliant. Like most men of decided talent,
of eminent piety, and extensive usefulness, he was very
fond of humour, and excelled in sprightly sallies ; and has
been described as taking **as much delight in innocent '
mirth as a child," and as being "by far the most lively and
amusing member of the circle in which he moved." We
have referred to his habit of early rising: unless severely
indisposed he quitted his bed winter and summer at five
o'clock :
'* I am generally employed with veiy short intervals from morn-
ing to night, and have seldom more than six hours in bed; yet,
such is the goodness of God to me, that I seldom know what it is
to be weary."
He attributes the greater part of his literary productions
to his having invariably risen at five instead of seven
o'clock ; "a practice which if pursued for forty years, would
add a fourtJi of that period to a man's life." Dr. Doddridge
is best known as an author by his excellent Family Expo-
sitor, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul.
These works have been frequently reprinted, and so long
as the Bible and human nature exist, must always be popu-
lar on the whole, though, like all man's works, not without
imperfections.
" One part of Dr. Doddridge's Family Expositor, which must have
cost him uncommon pains, was his having everywhere intt-rwoven
the text with the paraphrase, and carefully distinguished the
former fK>m the latter by the Italic character. By this method it
is impossible to read the paraphrase without the te.xt; and every
one may immediately see. not only the particular clause to which
any explication answers, but. also, what are the words of the ori-
ginal, and what merely the sense of the commentator. Nor was
our author content with barely inserting the old translation, but
gave an entire new version of the whole Testament, the merit and
usefulness of whji^h will in many resperts be acknowledged. This
translation was extracted from the paraphrase, and published in
1765, in two volumes 12mo, with some alterations and improve-
ments by the editor, together with an introduction, and a number
of very short not^^s." — Dr. Kippis, in Biog. Brit.
Dr. Isaac Watts thus speaks of our author, in a letter to
Rev. Mr. Longueville of Amsterdam, who wrote to Dr.
Watts respecting a translation of some of Doddridge's
works in the Dutch tongue:
" I have no need to give you a large account of his knowludge
in the sciences, in which I confess him to be greatly my superior;
and as to the doctrines of divinity and the gospel of Christ, 1 know
not any man of greater skill than himst-lf and hardly one sufficient
to be his second. . . . If you have read that excellent performance
of his, the Kis« and Progress, Ac, you will be of my mind."
For the latter production Doddridge received the thanks
of many eminent divines, and the Duchess of Somerset
thus writes to the author respecting it:
'• I may with truth as.sure you, that I never was so deeply affected
with any thing I ever met with as with that book; and 1 could not
be e;isy till I had given one to every servant in my house."
The Family Expositor has been translated into almost
every European language. At St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, the Evidences of Christianity has long been used
as a text-book.
" No single work is e^ual to the admirable course of lectures by
Dr. Doddridge." — Simpson.
'■ And first, as an universal storehouse, necessary to the student
in the conduct of hia theological pursuits, Doddridge's Lectures.
[On the Principal Subjects in i'neumatology. Ethics, and Divinity."]
Bp. of Durham's Chary.
'* I scarcely know a more useful book." — Dr. Parr: notice of Uie
same tvork.
The Practical Discourses on Regeneration
" Are distinguished by the amiable and excellent author's wonted
clearness of statement and aflectionate earnestness of persuasion.''
— Dr. Ralph W.\rdlaw.
.Sermons on the Power and Grace of Christ.
" 1 have read them with much pleasure and improvement; they
are excellent." — Bp. M'arbirton.
" After all, the young composer may find the popular sermons
of Dr. Doddridge more improving models. He excels in distinct-
ness and scripture phraseology." — Dr. K. "Wiluams.
" His Family Expositor is a masterly work. This admirable com-
mentary is in the lists of books recommended by Bishops Watson
and Tomline, and almn.st every other theological tutor. The Har-
mony of the four Gospels is acknowledged to be executed with
great judgment, independently of the very valuable e.xposition
and notes that accompany it." — T. U. Horne.
Mr. Orme remarks:
" Of a book so well known and so generally esteemed as the
Family Expositor, it is scarcely necessary to speak. It is admirably
adapted to the otject which the author had chiefly in view; and
no book can be read in a Christian family with more advantage.
. . . The translation frequently corrects the received version ; Ijut
the paraphrase is often too diffuse, and in the notes he sometimes
discovers an anxiety to press a fine thought into the meaning of
the sacred writer. I'lis Harmony, which must have cost him great
lalmur. is often unsatisfactory, has too many transpositions, and is
not so judicious in the arrangement as Macknight's."
'" Of all our author's writings, the Family Expositor is the most
important and valu.able." — Dr. Kippis.
Dr. Dibdin declares that
*' The Family Expositor should find a place upon the shelf and
upon the table of every mansion where the moral duties of a Chris-
tian are enjoined. Doddridge's heart was made up of all the kind-
lier feelings of our nature, and was wholly devoted to the salvation
of men's souls. Whatever he did, he appears to have done to the
glory of God."
" His character and writings will long continue to be revered
and honoured by all who prefer scriptural truth to human sys-
tems.'"— MORELL.
Dr. Francis Hunt, Regius Professor at Oxford, bears tes-
timony to the excellence of the Rise and Progress, and
Archdeacon Wrangham wrote thirteen practical sermons
founded upon that work.
■'In reading the New Testament, I recommend Doddridge's
Family Expositor as an impartial interpreter and faithful monitor.
Other expositions and commentaries might be mentioned, greatly
to the honour of their respective authors, for their several excel-
lencies: such as, elegance of exposition, acuteness of illustration,
and copiousness of erudition: but 1 know of no expositor who
unites so m.any advantages, whether you regard the fidelity of his
version, the fulness and per.'ipicuity of his composition, the utility
of his general and historical information, the impartiality of his
doctrinal coainients. or lastly, the piety and pastoral earnestness
of his moral and religious applications. He has made, as he pro-
fesses to have done, ample use of thu commentators that preceded
him; and, in the explanation of grammatical difficulties, he h.as
profited much more fiom the philologii.-jil writers on the G reek Te.s-
tament than could almost have been expected in so multifarious
an undertaking .as the Family Expositor."— Barbington. Bish'^'p
of Durham.
" Doddridge is now my prime favourite among divines." — Th^
Sev. Robert HalVs Letters.
" He was author of one of the finest epigrams in the English
language. It is in Orton's life of him. The subject is his femily
motto. ■ DuTn. vivimus vivamus.' whicli. in its primary signification,
is, to be sure, not very suitable to a Christian divine; but ho para-
phrased it thus:
* Live while you live, the Epicure would say,
And seize the pleasures of the present day.
Live while you live, the sacred Pnacher cries,
And give to God each moment as it flies.
Lord, in my views let both united be;
I live in pleasure, when I live to thee.'" — Dr. Johnson.
Dr. Doddridge's works are: 1. Sermon after a Fire, on
Amos iv. 11, 1782, 8vo. 2. Ten Sermons on the Power and
Grace of Christ; or, Evidences of his glorious Gospel,
1736, 12mo. 3. Absurdity and Wickedness of Per.-ccution
for Conscience' sake ; a Sermon on Luke ix. 55, 56. 1 736, 8vo.
509
DOD
4. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1737. Svo. 5. Sermon on 2 Kings
iv. 26, 1737,Svo. 6. Sermon. Northampton. 1738. 7. Dis-
course at the Interment of the Kev. J. Newton, Lon., 1741,
Svo. 8. The Evil and Banger of Neglecting the Souls of
Men ; a Sermon, Lon., 1742, Svo. 9. Compassion to the
Sick Recommended and Urged j a Sermon on Ps. xli. 1-3.
10. On the Flight of the Rebels; a Sermon on Luke i. 74,
V5, 1746, 8vo. 11. Four Sermons on the Religious Educa-
tion of Children, 1743, Svo. 12. Funeral Sermon on 2
Kings iv. 26, 1737, Svo. 13. Eighteen Practical Sermons
on Regeneration ; to which are added 2 Sermons on Salva-
tinn by Grace through Faith. 14. On occasion of a second
Shock of an Earthquake ; a Serm. on Matt- xi. 23. 24, 1750,
Svo. 15. Tracts, 1761, 3 vols. 12mo. 16. Of the Evidences
of Christianity, in Answer to Christianity not Founded on
Argument, Lon., 1742, '43, Svo. 17. Three Letters to the
Author of Christianity not Founded on Argument, Lon.,
1743, Svo. IS. A Sermon on the Heroic Death of Colonel
James Gardiner, Lon., 1746, Svo. 19. Some remarkable
passages in the Life of Col. James Gardiner, from his birth,
January 10, 1 6S7, to his death, in the Battle of Prestonpan,
September 21, 1745; with an Appendix relating to the
ancient family of the Munroes of Fowlis, Svo. Several
editions. 20. The Rise and Progress of Religion in the
Soul. Lun., 1750, 12mo. The most popular of his detached
works. It has gone through numerous editions, and has
been translated into the Dutch. German, Danish, and
French languages. 21. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1750,
Svo. 22. Hymns, Salop, 1755, Svo. 23. The Family Ex-
positor; or a Paraphrase and Version of the New Testa-
ment, with Critical Notes and Practical Improvements,
Lon., 1760-62, 6 vols. 4to. The same, with his Life by
Dr. Kippis, Lon., 1S08, 4 vols. 4to, or 6 vols. Svo. New
ed., 1840, 4 vols. Svo; and 1839, imp. fol. This masterly
work has been often reprinted. An abridgment of it was
published by the late Rev. S. Palmer, entitled The Family
Expositor abridged, according fo the plan of its Author;
containing his Version, and the most useful Explanatory
Notes, with Practical Reflections at the end of each Sec-
tion entire, 2 vols. Svo. 24. Course of Lectures, published
after his Death, by the Rev. Samuel Clarke, 1763, 4to.
Republished by Kippis, with very extensive and valuable
additions, Lou., 1794, 2 vols. Svo. 25. Of a Person who
had no Ear for Music, naturally singing several times
when in a delirium, Phil. Trans., 1747. 26. Of a Wether
giving Suck to a Lamb: and of a Monstrous Lamb, lb.
AVe also notice: Memoirs of his Life, Character, and
Writings, Salop, 1766, Svo. His whole works by D.Wil-
liams and the Rev. E. Parsons, Leeds, 1802, 10 vols. r. Svo,
£6. Sermons to Young Persons; new edit., Lon., 1803,
12mo. Sermons, 1826, 4 vols. Svo. Private Correspond-
ence and Diary, 1829, 5 vols. Svo.
*' These volumes must rank with our first English classics, and
must go down to posterity as specimens of the English languai^e
rarely surpassed." — Lon. Evangel. Mag.
Miscellaneous Works, with an Introdue. Essay by the
Rev. T. Morell, 1S39, imp. Svo. See also The Life and
Labours of Doddridge by John Stoughton, Lon., 1851,
12mo; 2d ed., 1852. We do not feel willing to conclude
this article without quoting a few more testimonies to the
value of the writings of this truly excellent man :
'•All Dr. Doddridge's addresses to his fellow-sinners breathed at
once the ardour of piety, and the tendeiness of benevolence, by
which that spirit, under the guidance of a sound and divinely-
enlightened understanding, was ever animated.'' — Db. Wardlaw.
"Clearness of thought, unaffected learning, fidelity to the souls
of men. and deep and chastened devotion, chamcterize the sermons
of Dr. Doddridge."
'* The Family Expositor is a very judicious work. It has long
been highly esteemed, and is worthy of all the credit it has among
religious people." — Dr. Adam Claree.
'* In the critical part of the New Test.iment. I know of none bet-
ter than Hammond or M'hltby : and for the harmony, commentary,
and short notes, Doddridge will prove most useful." — Knowles.
" It is unnecessary to speak its prai-se. Hervey thought he occa-
sionally leaned to the trimming side: but whnis unexceptionable?
Perhaps there is more feebleness than positive trimming in his
doctrinal statement." — Bickcrsteth's Chrv^tian Siudent.
The same writer thus refers to the Course of Lectures on
Pneumatology, Ethics, and Divinity, with Lectures on
Preaching :
" y\ uch may be learned from this learned and devout writer : he
has maijy judicious criticisms on different authors; but there is a
tone of excessive canduur. bordering upnn Latitudinarianism. espe-
cially in giving too great weight to objections, when treating upon
the Evidences and Doctrines. His criticisms on theological writers
in his preaching Lectures, not duly respecting Evangelical Doctrine,
fail in discrimination. See his Criticisms on Tillotson, Barrow,
Atterbury." — BiCKEitSTETH, ubi supra.
Sir James Stonehouse remarks, in his Correspondence,
that Doddridge's three Sermons on the Evidences of the
Uospel, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul,
BOD
particularly, were of great use in removing his prejudices
against Christianity, and forming him to the love and prac-
tice of religion.
We may give another instance of the benefit resulting
from the Sermons on the Evidences of Christianity:
_ '* It gave the author singular pleasure to know that these ser-
mons were the means of convincing two gentlemen, of a liberal
education and distinguished abilities, that Christianity was true
and divine; and one of them becjime a zealous preacher, and an
ornament of the religion he had once denied and despised." — Mid-
dleiim's Evavgd. Bing.
The Sermons on the Evidences are pub. by the London
Tract Society for 3rf. Mcllvaine's Evidences of Chris-
tianity is one of the best manuals on the subject, and has
been the means of convincing many skeptics of the truth
of the Gospel. Such books should be widely circulated
among unbolievors, or those who have lingering doubts
upon this all-important subject.
"Doddridge was a. burning and shining liirht which, in days of
more than ordinary coldne.ss. Divine Providence was pleased to
enkindle, in order to impart both warmth and illumination to the
professing Christian world."— Bishop .Tebb.
Dodds, James. A Century of Scottish History, Svo.
"It displays much judgment and discrimination." — Wiine&s.
Dodgson, Charles, D.D., d. 1795, Bishop of Ossory,
1765; trans, to Elphin, 1775. Serms., 1761, '6S.
Dodington, George Bubb, Lord Melcombe, 1691-
1762, a statesman of considerable notoriety in his day, is
best knownbyhisDiary, 1749-61, pub. by Mr. H. P. Wynd-
haui, Lon., 1785, Svo; 1823.
"The Diary of Dodington, Lord Melcombe, must by no me.ins
be negle*"ted, for by its means we are allowed a slight glance into
the intrigues and' cabals of the times. It is generally amusing,
and sometimes important." — Prof. SmyOt's Led. on Mod. Hist.
"An admirable picture of himself, and an instructive lesson for
future statesmen." — Edin. Revicio.
Dodington pub. some poetical and political pieces j see
Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
"Mr. Dodington has written some very pretty love-verses, which
have never been published."— Lord Littelton: Note to an Eclogue
entiilal Hope, inscribed to Dodington.
Dodington, J, Govt, of France, Lon., 1657.
Dodritius, J, Acta in Comitiis Parliamentaribus,
Londini, Anno MDXCIIL. Contra Catholicos etPuritanos,
1593, Svo.
Dods, John Bovee, b. 1795, in the State of N. York.
1. Thirty Sermons. Svo. 2. Philosophy of Mesmerism.
3. Philosophy of Electrical Psychology. 4. Immortality
Triumphant, &c. 5. Spirit Manifestations Examined and
Explained, N. Y., 1854.
" No one whose mind is given to an investigation of the matter,
should neglect the perusal of this volume. It is both curious and
instructive." — Geo, Riplev.
Dods, Mrs. Margaret. The Cook and Housewife'^
Mannnl. 10th ed., Edin., 1853. 12mo.
" A valuable compendium of culinary knowledge." — Edinburgh
Oournnt.
"The book is really most excellent miscellaneous reading." —
Blackioood's Magazine.
Dodsley, Robert, 1703-1764, abookseller and author
of considerable note, a native of Mansfield, Nottingham-
shire, was an apprentice to a tradesman, and subsequently
a footman. In 1732 he pub. a volume of poems under the
title of The Muse in Livery, or the Footman's Miscellany.
His next essay in literature was a dramatic piece entitled
The Toy Shop, the MS. of which he sent to Pope for his
perusal and opinion. The great poet saw the merit of the
production, recommended the piece to Mr. Rich, the mana-
ger of Covent-garden Theatre, and became henceforth the
author's friend and patron. Dodsley now determined to
set up a bookstore, and his success proved that he had not
been too sanguine in his expectations. He soon gave to
the world two more dramatic pieces. The King and the
Miller of Mansfield, and The Blind Beggar of Bethnal
Green. In 1741 he commenced the Weekly Register, of
which 24 numbers were pub. A Select Collection of Old
Plays, edited by Thomas Coxeter, 1744, 12 vols. 12mo; 2d
ed., by Isaac Reed, 1780. 12 vols. cr. Svo. Many copies of
this ed. were destroyed by fire. A few copies, large paper,
were printed, which have been sold at very high prices.
New ed.. with oddit Notes and Corrections by Isaac Reed,
0. Gilchrist, and the editor, J. P. Collier, {q. v.) 1825-27,
12 vols. cr. Svo. This collection contains sixty of the best
and scarcest of the old English Plays, beginning with the
Moralities or Mysteries. Much valuable information is
interspersed throughout the volumes.
" We may here perceive how this noble generation of poets, some
of whose names are not familiar to us, have moulded our language
with the images of their tancy, and strengthened it by the stability
of their thoughts."— DisaAEU.
" Xo species of Fiction is so delightful as the Old English Drama;
even its inferior productions possess a charm not to be found in
any other kind of Poetry." — T. B. Macaulay.
DOD
The Preceptor, 17-tS, 2 vols. Svo. This is a collection of
miscellaneous pieces. Dr. Johnson furnished the Preface,
anil The Vision of Theodore the Hermit. Trifles, 1748;
A Collection of Dodslcy's dramatic pieces. The CEconomy
of Human Life, 1751, Svo; several eds. This excellent
moral work, written by Dodsley, was attributed to Lord
Chesterfield. Public Virtue, 175.1, Svo, by Dodsley. The
.\nnual Register, commenced in 175S at the suggestion of
Edmcsd Bijuke, iq. V.) who had charge of it for some time.
It is still pub. In this year he produced at Covent-gnrdcn
Theatre his tragedy of Cleone, of which Johnson said that
" if Otway h,ad written it, no other of his pieces would have
been remembered." Fables of Esop. Ac, 1760. A Collec-
tion of Poems by several hands, 1763, 6 vols. Svo. Fugi-
tive Pieces, 1765, 2 vols. Svo. To the periodical entitled
The World, established by Dodsley and Moore, the former
contributed No. 32. Miscellanies : Cleone, Melpomene, Ac.,
1772. Dodsley purchased of Johnson in 1738, London,
(his first original composition, pub. in a vol.) for ten guineas ;
and in 1749 gave him fifteen guineas for The Vanity of
Human Wishes. Dodslcy's Poems, which possess great
merit, are pub. in vol. xv. of Chalmers's Collection of the
Poets, and the reader will find inleresting particulars con-
cerning him in the Biog. Brit., and in Boswell's Life of
Johnson.
Dodson, James. The Antilogarithmic Canon, 1742,
fol. Mathemat. Repository, Lon., 1748-55, .3 vols. 12mo.
Dodson, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 16SS, 4to.
Dodson, John, LL.D. Dalrymple Case, Lon., 1811,
Svo. Admiralty Reports. T. T. 1811 to E. T. 1S22, Lon.,
1815-28, 2 vols. Svo. Dodson's reports were continued by
Dr. Haggard. Dodson's were a continuation of Edwards's.
Dodsou, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1720, '28.
Dodson, Michael, 1732-1799, an English lawyer.
New trans, of Isaiah, with Notes supplementary to those of
Dr. Lowth. <tc.. Lon., 1790, Svo.
'■ Bodson thought he discovered numerous and very considerable
mist.ilies and defects in Bishop Lowth's version."
See Orme's BihI. Bib. and Home's Bibl. Bib. for an ac-
count of the controversy connected with this work. Me-
moirs of Rev. H. Farmer. He pub. eds. of Sir M. Foster's
Trial of the Rebels, 1762, '76, '92, and his Life in 1811
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Dodson, Wm. Draining of the Great Level of the
Fen called Bedford Level, Lon., 1665, 4to.
Dodswell, Dr. Hydatidos in Sheep, &e., 1778.
Dodsworth, Roger, 1585-1654, a learned and indus-
trious antiquary, wrote 122 folio vols, (never pub.) which,
with 40 more collected by him, are now in the Bodleian
Library. See Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 22. He
designed using some of these materials in a History of the
Antiquities of Yorkshire, but the project was not completed.
He was the coadjutor of Sir William DucrALE {q.r.) in
the Monasticon Anglicanum, Lon., 1655, '61, '71, 3 vids. fol.
"He was a man of wonderful industrv, hut less iudiiment •
.ilways collecting and transcribing, but never published anv
thmg. — Wood.
Mr.Gough says th.at in the first part of this description
Wood draws his own character. See Gough's Topogranhv
vol. i.; Archajol. vol. i. i & f 3,
Dodsworth, Wm. Cathedral of Salisbury, 1792.
Hist. Acct. of the Church of Sarum. Ac, 1814, r. 4to.
Dodsworth, M'm. Discourses on the Lord's Supper
1835, 12mo; 3d ed., 1841, 12mo. The Church of England ;
a Protest against Romanism and Dissent, 1836, "iSmo!
Why h.ave you become a Romanist? a Letter to Mr. Sib-
thorp, 2d ed., 1842, Svo. We suppose that Mr. Sibthorp's
answer was not satisfactory, as Mr. Dodsworth has followed
him to Rome to see for himself. Priest's Companion ; new
ed., 1846, 12mo. Signs of the Times, 1849, 12mo. An.'li-
canism considered in its Results, 1851, 12mo. Commeiits
on Dr. Pusey's Letter to the Bp. of Loudon, 2d ed., 1851, '
Svo. Further Comments, 1S51, Svo. Other works.
Dodwell, Col. Edward. Classical .and Topographi-
cal Tour through Greece, 1801, '05, '06, Lon., 1818, 2 vols
4to. 70 Plates. Pub. at £10 10s.
" By far the best work on Greece."— Da. B. D. Clahke. I
" This work displays great research, aided and directed by much
preparatory knowledge, and a sound judgment and good taste "—
Sttvemm's rayages and Travels.
Thirty Views in Greece, 1821, r. fol., pub. at £18 ISs.
Cyclopian or Pelasgio Remains in Greece and Italy, 131
drawings, 1834, imp. fol. Pub. at £6 16«. 6d.
Dodwell, Henry, 1641-1711, w.as educated at Trinity
College, Dublin, of which city he was a native. In 1674
he adopted London as his residence, and in 1688 was elected
Camden Professor of History at Oxford. He lost this post
in 1691, in consequence of his refusal to take the oaths of
DOI
allegiance to William and Mary. He was a man of great
learning and remarkable industry. Of his many publica-
tions we notice the following: Two Letters of Advice,
Dubl., 1672, Svo. Separation of Churches from Episcopal
Govt, proved Schismatical, Lon., 1679, 4to. Reply to Rd.
Baxter's pretended Confutation of the above, Ac, 1681,
Svo. DissertationesCyprianica-, 1682, fol. This is gene-
rally appended to Bp. Fell's ed. of St. Cyprian, Oxf., 1684,
Svo. Discourse concerning the one Altar and the one
Priesthood, insisted upon by the Ancients in their argu-
ments against Schism, Lon., 1683, Svo. De Jure Laioorum
Ac, 1686, Svo. Prajlectiones Academicse in Schola His-
torices Camdeniana, Oxf., 1692, Svo.
''Highly serviceal4e to all such as shall hereafter engage in these
studies." — Bp. Nicolson.
Annales Velleiani, Qvintilianei, Statiani, Oxf, 1698, Svo ;
1708, Svo; Lugd. Bat,, 1719. Annales Thucydidei et Xeno-
phontei, Ac, Synopsi Chronologica, Oxf., 1702, 4to.
'•Dodwell's learning was immense; in this part of history espe-
cially (that of the Upper Empire) the most minute fact or passage
could not escape him; and his skill in employing them iseijualto
his learning. The worst of this author is his method and style;
the one perplexed beyond imagination, the other negligent "to a
degree of barbarism." — GilAmi's Miscellaneous Works.
De Veteribus Grsecorum Romanorumque cyclis, Ac, Oxf.,
1701, 4to. An Epistolary Discourse, proving, from the
Scriptures and first Fathers, that the Soul is a principle
naturally mortal, but immortalized actually by the ple.nsure
of God to punishment, or to reward, by its union with the
divine baptismal spirit. Wherein is proved that none have
the power of giving this immortalizing spirit since the
Apostles, but only the Bishops, Lon., 1706, Svo.
•■ Its absurdity is sn evident, that only the character of Dodwell,
and the seriousness and labour with which he defended it. could
persuade us to thiuk that he believed it himself. The work is very
curious, as a specimen of the torture to which a corrupted creed or
system is capable of putting the Scriptures. It contains some sin-
gular remarks on the scriptural distinction between lioul and spirit
which is the found.ition f'f his whole hypothesis." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
This work elicited several treatises in support of, and in
opposition to, Dodwell's sentiments. Among the writers
were John Broughton. D.D., H. Layton, W. Coward, M.D.,
F. Gregory. Saml. Eold. Danl. Whitby, Jos. Pitts, Edmund
Chishull. Thom:is Mills, and Dr. Samuel Clarke. The last
named was the most distinguished of the opponents. Dod-
well believed that all who were not circumcised under the
' law, and all who are not baptized under the gospel, are
condemned to annihilation or to eternal sleep. Joseph
J Hallett heM the same opinion. See Dodwell's Life, with
an Account of his Works, and an Abridgment of them
that are published, and of several of his MSS. by Francis
Brokesby, 1715, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1723, 2 vols. Svo.
_ Dodwell, Henry, eldest son of the preceding, a bar-
rister, was skeptical in his opinions, .and pub. in 1742 a
tract entitled Christianity not founded in Argument. It
was answered by Doddridge, Leland, and the author's bro-
ther William.
Dodwell, Wm., 1709-1785, younger brother of the
preceding, became Rector of Shottesbrooke, Vicar of Buck-
lersbury. Prebendary of Salisbury, and Archdeacon of
Berks. Ho pub. m.any serms. and theolog. treatises, 1743-
67. Serm. on a Rational Faith, 1745, Svo. This is an
answer to his brother Henry's (q. v.) Christianity not
founded on Argument. Practical Discourses. 1784-89, 2
vols. Svo. Free Answer to Dr. Middleton's Inquiry into
the Mir.aculous Powers of the Primitive Church, 1749, Svo.
The Sick Man's Companion, or the Clergyman's Assistant
in Visiting the Sick, 1767, Svo. This and Paley's work
are recommended to candidates for holy orders by Bishop
Van Mildert. The Athanasian Creed vindicated and ex-
plained in three Charges, Oxf., 1802, sm. Svo.
Doe, Charles. AVorks of Grace, Lon., Svo.
Dogget, Thomas, an actor and author, d. 1721. The
Country Wake a Comedy, 1696, 4to. Altered into a Ballad
Farce, under the title of Flora, or Hob in the Well.
Dogherty, Mrs. Ronaldsha, lS08,3vols. Castle of
Walforth and Mciuteagle, 1812, 4 vols.
Dogherty, Hngh. The Discovery, 1807, 12mo.
Dogherty, Thomas, d. 1805. 'The Crown Circuit
Assist., Lon., 1787, Svo; Supplet., 1787, '90, Svo. New ed.
of Sir Matt, Hale's Historia Plsicilorum Coronas; the Hist,
of the Ple.as of the Crown, 1800, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Doig, David, d. 1800, aged 81. Two Letters on the
Savage State; addressed to the late Lord Kames, Lon,
1792, 12mo. Poem, 1796, 4to. Dissert, on the Ancient
Hellenes, in Trans. Roy. Soc, 1794.
Doig, David. To this gentleman we are indebted for
the able article on Philology in the 7th ed. Encyc Brit.
"A production evincing uncommon learning, research, and'in-
genuity."_J3aWi Herald. . » ."
DOL
^ork
, with
Dolben, John, 1625-lGSB, educated at Christ Church,
Oxford; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1061; Bishoi) of Ko-
chester, 1666; Archbishop of York, 1683.
" He w.is not vpry rarrful to priut his sermons, irbich mucU Oi-
serve to be printed.'"— ^U'Cn. Oj-(.i?. ^ -ices.
Vfo know of only three that were pub., viz. : two m IbbS ,
and one in 1666, all iu 4to.
Dolben, Sir John, D.D., Prebend of Durham. Con-
ciu ad elerum. on Heb. .\ii. 1, 1726, 4to.
Dolby, Richard. The Cook's Dictionary and House-
keeper's Directory, Lon.. p. Svo. ,i., pi„.i=tp^
" It appears to cont-nin .ill that the veriest K<>".™''"''V'f H^Jolt ,
dom would siuh lor, in a life like Methu..alem s. with a throat a
vard lonR. and prilate all the nay.' "—Lon. Lady s Mag.
' Dolby, Thomas. The Shaksperian Dictionary, Lon.,
1832. Svo and 12mo. An excellent book. _
Doleman, John. Trans, of tho Questions of Cicero,
^'''Dolc'man, Nic or Robert. See Parross, Robert.
Doler, Sir Daniel. Charges to Grand Junes, Lon.,
1625, '26.
Dolland. See Doi.lond. „...„,•>
Dollman, Francis T. Examples of Ancient Pnlpits
cxistiu- in England, Lon., 1840, r. 4to ; 30 plates, three of
which are highly finished in colours, restored accurately
from the existing indications.
DoUond, John, 1708-1761, the discoverer of the laws
of the dispersion of light, anil the inventor of the achro-
matic tclescoi.e. lie pub. a number of papers on telescopes,
Ac. iu Phil. Trans., 1753, '58.
Dollond, Peter, 1730-1820, son of the preceding.
Account of the Discovery made by John Dollond, ke.. Lon.,
1789 4to. Con. to Phil. Tran.5. on Light, Ac, 1772, '79, '95.
Dolman, Nic. or Robert. See Parsons, Robert.
Domekins, George Peter. Philosophia; Mathe-
matics Newtonian* IlUistrata;, Lon., 1730. 2 vols. Svo.
Domerham, Adam de. Historica de Rebus Gestis
Glastoniensibus, Edit. Th. Hearne, Oxon., 1727, 2 vols. 8to.
Domelt, Philobeth. Serm., 1741, Svo.
Doraier, >Vm., M.D. Observ. on Malta as a place for
invalids. Lon., 1810, Svo. „ , . t ,-oo
Dominicet, R., M.D. Water Baths, Ac, Lon., li SO,
8to Medical Anecdotes of the last 30 years, illustrated
with Medical Truths, 1781, Svo. AmpthUl Medicine Baths,
1788, Svo.
Dominick, Andrew, D.D. Serm., 1662, 4to.
Don, David. Prodromus Flora; Nepalensis; Plants
in Nepal and adjacent Countries, 1S25, 12mo. Th
contains systematical descriptions in Latin of 371 gene
and 864 species of plants. At the end is an Index, wi
reference to the Linna>an classes and orders.
>■ An exceedingly useful work."— ^Vf i'«o/ Literattirc and FaiJam.
Don, George. System of G.ardening and Botany,
Lon., 1831-38, 4 vols. r. 4to, pp. 3250 ; jnany illustrations.
This invaluable work, founded on Miller's Gardener's Dic-
tionary, although pub. at £14 S«. per copy, and costing in
paper and piint"alone upwards of £8, can now be had for
about thirty shillings. The excellence of the work need
not bo enlarged upon. Every oue who has a garden or
field should have Don's Dictionary.
Don, James. Hortus Cautabrigieusis ; 13th ed. by
P. N. Don, Lon.. Svo. This edition includes the additions
and improvements of the former editors, Pursh, Lindley,
and Sinclair.
Donald,James. LandDrainage,&c.,Lon.,lS51,12mo.
"A most valuable addition to the former treatises on draining:
the author shows a true practice, and a large comprehension."—
Xt07iaUhnn's AgrirnU. Hiog. ,, . , ,
Donald, Robert. New System of National and
Practical Agriculture, Guilford, 1822, 12ino. Written in
hexameter verse ! Other pieces are included.
" The poetry is nothing, but the practical ideas perfectly sound
and correct." — Ubi supra.
Donaldson. Picktooth for Swearers, or a Looking-
glass for Atheists and Prophane Persous, Edin., 1698, 12mo.
In verse.
Donaldson, James. Tilling and Manuring tho
Groundin ScolLand,Edin.,1697.12mo. Husbandry Anatom-
ized. Lon., 1697. 12mo. Highly commended by Scotch
agricultural writers.
Donaldson, James. Modern Agriculture, Edin.,
1793-96, 6 vols. Svo. Other agricnlt. works.
" lie treats the subjects that come under his view in a very judi-
cious and cnli;htonrd manner."— Don.i!rfs(m's Agrioidl.Biog.,q.v.
Donaldson, John, 1737-lSOl, an artist, a native of
Edinburgh. Elements of Beauty, Ac, Edin., 1780, Svo.
Vol. of Poems.
Donaldson, John. Works on Political Economy.
&c., 1790-96.
512
BON
Donaldson, Professor John, ,an eminent agricul-
turist. Treatise on Manures and Grasses, Lon., 1842, 8vu;
2d cd., 1846, Svo.
■■ liy far the best treatise on manures that has appeared. —Lmir
dons Gurdener's Mag., April, 1842.
Cultivated Plants of the Farm, 1847, 12mo. The Ene-
mies to Agriculture, 184S, 12mo. Land Steward and Farm
Bains', 1848, Svo. Bayldon's Art of Valuing Rents and
Tillages ; 5th ed. rewritten and enlarged by J. Donaldson,
'•rewritten by one of the best practical agriculturists in the
country." — Gardener's Mag. _
"This work should be read by every one having an interest
in the soil, whether as landlord, tenant, or agent." — Mark Lane
Express,
Improved Farm Buildings, with 72 designs, 1851, 4to.
Clay Lands and Loamy Soils, 1852, 12mo. Soils and Ma-
nures, 1852, 12mo. Agricultural Biography, 1480-1854,
Lon., 1854, Svo. This excellent work includes the lists of
Weston and Loudon, and contains other works not known
to them. Wo have frequently had occasion to quote it in
the present volume, and are pleased to acknowledge our
obligations.
Donaldson, Rev. John Wm. Latin, Greek, and
Hebrew Grammars, and others educational and classical
works, Lon., 1839-53.
Donaldson, Joseph. Recollections of a Soldier,
Edin., 12mo.
*' "We cordially recommend the work." — Scottish Guardian,
Donaldson, T. L. Works on Architecture, 1S33-47-
Donaldson, Thomas. Serm., 1734, Svo.
Donaldson, Thomas. Poems, 1S09. Svo.
Donaldson, Walter, a native of Aberdeen, of the
17th century. Synopsis Moralis Philosophic, 1604, Svo ,
Franc, 1622, 12mo. Synopsis Locorum commnnium, 4c..
Franc, 1612. .Synopsis (Economica, Paris, 1620.
Donaldson,"VVm. Agriculture considered as a Moral
and Political Duty, in Letters to his Majesty, 1775, Svo.
'• The letteis are 'wholly retrospective and argumentative, and
brim; forward no new plan of comprehension, nor make any sug-
gestion of ioiportance."— -DonaWsoti's AgriaiU. Biag,
Donat, .llrs., and lllrs. Hudson. Cookery.lS04,8vo.
Done, Wm. Stafford, D.D., Prebendary of Lincoln,
and Archdeacon of Bcdl'ord. Serms., Lon., 17S6, Svo.
Dongworth. Richard. Serm., Lon., 1708. 4to.
Donkin, Major. Military Collections and Remarks,
N. York, 1777, Svo.
" Published for the benefit of the Children and « idows of tne
valiant soldiers inhunianlv and w.intonly butchered, when peace-
.ably marchioK to and from Concord, April 19, 1775, by the Kebels.
— introductifm. , i. * «». tt
" This work contains several anecdotes. Ac, relative to tlie \\ ar
of Independence." — IiicKs Bill. Arntr. jVava.
A volume of great rarity.
Donn, Abraham, of Bidford, 171S-1746. Mathemr.t.
works pub. by his brother, Benjamin Donn.
Donn, Benjamin, of Bidford, 1729-1798, brother of
the preceding. Mathemat. Essays, 1758, Svo. Map of
Devon and Exeter, Lon., 1765, fol. Other works, 1766-74.
Donn, James. Sec Don.
Donne, B. The use of Georganon.
Donne, Renj. English History, 1312, ISmo.
Donne, Daniel. Semis., 1623.
Donne, John, 1573-1631, an eminent divine and poet,
was a native of Limdon, and educated in the principles of
tho Church of Rome, of which his parents were devoted
adherents. He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge,
and distinguished himself greatly by his remarkable pro-
ficiency. In his 19th year he subjected the respective
cl.aims of the Church of England and that of Rome to a
careful examination, which resulted in his embracing the
communion of tho former. He pursued for some time the
=tudy of the law, but upon inheriting some £3000 from his
father, he determined to follow his taste, and devote him-
self to literary pursuits. Having tho good fortune to secure
the post of secretary to Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, he
gained the afi'ections of his lady's niece, a daughter of Sir
George Moore, Lieutenant of the Tower, and a private mar-
riage w.as the result. Great was the indignation of the
stern father, and the young bridegroom lost his situation,
and was actually for a time imprisoned in the Tower.
When 42 years of .age, at Ihe urgent solicitation of King
James I., he was ordained, and soon became so famous as
an eloquent preacher, that he had the offer of 14 different
livings within the first year of his ministry. In 1621 ho
was appointed Dean of St. Paul's. He enjoyed great repu-
tation as a poet, being placed at the head of the Metaphy-
sical School ; and after long neglect has received some
attention within the last few years; but his poetry is not
of a character calculated to gain extensive popularity. He
DON
excelled in complimentary addresses, epigrams, satires,
elegies, and poems of a tlieologieal ebaracter.
Among his most remarliable productions are : Pseudo-
Martyr, Lon., 1610, 4to. Polydoron. I60I, 12iuo. Juve-
nilia; or Paradoxes and Proldems, Id.'iS, 4to. A Paradox
or Thesis on Self-homicide, 1644, 4to. Paradoxes, Pro-
blems, Essays, and Characters, 1652, 8vo. His sermons,
which, perhaps, have been more generally admired than
bis lighter works, were pub. in 3 vols, fol., 1640, '49, '60.
They are now very rare, especially the 3d vol. A collec-
tive edit, of his poems, including Elegies on the author's
death, was pub. in 1633, 4to; 1635, '39, '51,'6!M2mo; with
some Account of the Author, 1719, 12mo. A new ed. of
his Works, including his Sermons, Devotions, Poems. Let-
ters, <to., with a new Memoir by the Rev. Henry Alford,
was pub. in 1S39, in 0 vols. Svo, Oxford. We presume that
this edition was suggested by the following query in the
London Quarterly:
" We cannot, in passing, forbear repeatinj; Mr. Cnleridce's ques-
tion, (Table Talk. p. 88, 2d edit.,) 'Why are not Donne's volumes of
sermons repriutod at Oxford!' Surely the character of some of his
juvenile jwcHis cannot be the reason! . . . Why does Oxford .hIIow
one hundred and thirty sermons ol" the greatest j>r(uc/i' r. at least,
of the seventeenth century — theadmired of all hearers — to remain
all but totally unknown to the student in divinity of the Church
of Kngland. and to tb,- literary world in general?""— lix. 6. 1^:17.
The reader should peruse Izaak Walton's Life of Donne :
his description of him as a preacher is truly eloquent:
"A preacher in earnest; weeping sometimes tl'r his auditory,
sometimes with them ; always preaching to himsel t" like an Angel
from a cloud, but in none; carrying some, as St. I'aul was. to hea-
ven in holy raptures; and enticing others by a rticred art and
courtship to amend their lives; here picturing a vice so as to make
it ugly to those that practised it. and a virtu,' so as to make it be-
loved even by those who Joved it not; and all this with a most
particular grace and an inexpressible addition of comeliness."
Dryden calls Donne
**The greatest wit, though not the greatest poet, of our nation."
See Biog. Brit. ; Walton's Life by Zouch; Drake's Shak-
speare and his Times; Retrosp. Rev., yiii. 31, 1S23.
Douue, John, LL.D., son of the preceding. The
Humble Petition of Covent Garden against Dr. John Ba-
ber, a physician, 1662. Dr. John Donne, Jr., docs not
seem to have maintained the fiimily honours ;
" lie was no better all his lifetime than an atheistical buffoon,
ft banterer, and a persou of over-free thoughts." — Wood.
Donne, William Bodham. 1. E^saya on the
Drama, Lon., 1857, p. Svo. 2. School History of Rome,
'1857.
Donnegan, James, M.D. Greek-and-English Lexi-
con, Lon., 1826, Svo; 4th ed., 1842, Svo; 1846.
"An important acquisition to such of our countrymen as are
desirous of gaining a knowledge of the Greek language."— Da
MilTBT, Bisimp of Durham.
Donnel, J. A,, M.D. Hydrophobia, 1813, Svo.
Donoghue. Poems, 1797, '99.
Dououghmore, Earl of. See Hutchinson, Rich-
ard H.
Donovan, Edward. Works on British Natural Hist.,
viz.: Insects, 16 vols.; Birds, 10 vols.; Shells, 5 vols.;
Fishes, 5 vols. ; Quadrupeds, 3 vols. ; together 39 vols. 8vo|
pub. .at £6 6«. 9rf. Nat. Hist, of the Insects of China;
new ed. by J. 0. Westwood, 1842, 4to, pub. at £6 6«. Nat.
Hist of the Insects of India, by J. 0. Westwood, 1842, 4to.
"Donovan's works on the Insects of India and China are splen-
didly illustrated, and extremely xxsefairSaturaliit.
"A great number of species are here delineated for the first
time. — SwAiNsoN.
^ Instructions for preserving Natural Subjects. Descrip-
tive Excursions through South Wales and Monmouthshire.
1805, 2 vols. Svo.
" A work of high and various merit." — Lon. AnnnalSeview.
Naturalist's Repository of Exotic History, 5 vols. r. Svo,
pub. at £10 10«. Other works.
Mr. D. was so fortunate as to he able to add to his valuable
collection that of E. M. Da Costa, 7. v.
Donovan, 3oi\n. Scorbutic Diseases, 4c., Svo.
Donovan, Michael. Treatise on Chemistry, 4th ed.,
1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
" The best existing compendium of chemical knowledge." — Edin.
E. Coiirant.
Donovan, Patrick. Discursus, &c. S. Patricii Iber-
norum Apostoli, Duaci, 1617. ]2mo.
Donnelly, R. Chancery Cases, 1S37, Svo.
Doolittle, Mark, a lawyer, was horn in Massachu-
setts in 1781, graduated at Yale College, 1804. Agricul-
tural Address, 1826, 26 pp. Svo. Temperance a Source of
National Wealth, pp. 13, Svo. Hist, of the Congregational
Church of Belchertown. JIass., 282 pp. 12mo.
Doolittle, Samuel, d. 1717. Serms., Ac., 1692, '93.
Doolittle, Thomas, 1630-1707, an eminent Non-
33
DOR
Conformist divine, pub. a number of theolog. works, 1665
-98. The Complete Body of Practic:il Divinity, 1723, fol.
" I am willing this should be a fire-kindler for you "and put you
in the way to set conscience about its work when you come to that
ai>plication with which your sermons are still to be enlivened."
Cotton M^tiif.r.
Dopping, Dr., Bishop of Meath, IreLand. Moduste-
nendi Parliumentnm in Hil)ernia, Dubl., 1692, 12mo; 1722,
Svo. Funl. Scrm. on the Death of the Archbp. of Dublin,
1694. 4to.
Doran, John, LL.D., b. 1807, in London,— family
originally of Drogheda. in Ireland. He was educated
chiefly by his father. lOs literary bent was manifested at
the a;,'e of 15, when he produced the melodrama of (1) the
" Wandering Jew," which was first played at the Surrey
Theatre in 1822 for Tom Blanchard's benefit. His early
years were spent in Fr.ance. He was successively private
tutor in four of the noblest families in Great Britain. 2.
History of the Borough and Castle of Reading, Berks,
1832. This work obtained for him the degree of M.A.,
and subsequently LL.D., by the University of Marbury.
3. Anthon's Xenophon's Anabasis, with Notes, 1846. 4.
Life of Dr. Young; which is prefixed to Tegg's valuable
edition of that poet's works. 6. In connexion with Mrs.
Rouier, Filia Dolorosa, 1863. Although Mrs. R.'s name
aiipcars on the title-page, she had written but a few pages
when she was attacked by a fatal illness ; the work was
chiefly written by Dr. Doran. fi. Table Traits and Some-
thing on them. 7. ILibits and Men. 8. Knights and their
Day.s. 9. Qui ens of England of the House of Hanover.
10. Monarchs retired from Business. 11. History of Court
Fools.
" -Any thing more quaint, subtle, and surprising than Dr. Doran'fl
tale of the origin of court fools is scarcely to be found in the pages
of the greatest and must genial humourists." — L'm. At/ten.
The above works, Nos. 6-11, have passed through
various edits, and have been reprinted in the U.S. Edited
a weekly paper for nearly eleven years, and Bentley's
Ballads, to which he contributed some original pieces; also
Last Journals of Uor:ice Walpole, 1772-1782. Contrib.
largely, in prose and verse, to various periodicals.
Dorcaster, Nicholas. The Confession of the Ba-
nished Ministers, Wyttonburge, 1554, 16mo.
Dore, James. Semis., ic, 17S6-1S06.
Dorislaus, Jo. J. C. Prielium Nuportanum, Lon.,
1640, 4 to.
Dorman. Sir Roger do Coverloy, 1740, Svo.
" A wretcbi'd plav." — Biag. Dnimnt.
Dorman, Thomas, a R. Catholic writer, d. 1572-77 ?
pub. several controver.«ial tracts, 1564, '65, '67. See Athen.
Oxon.
Dorman, or Dormer, Wm. 12 Serms. preached at
the Rolls Chapel, Lon., 1743, sm. Svo.
Dormer, John, e Soc. Jes. Usury Explained; or
Conscience ([uieted in the Case of putting out Money to
Interest, nncn.. Lon., 1696, Svo.
Dornan, Robert. Emancipation; a Poem, Lon.,
1814, Svo,
Dorney. Certain Speeches, 1653.
Dorney, Henry. Divine Contemplations, 16S4, Svo.
Dorney, John. Siege of Gloucester, 1643, 4to.
Dornford, J. Hist, and Polit. works, 1785-90.
Dornlbrd, Robert. Gospel Light, 1652, 12mo.
Dorr, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1796, in M:issachusetts,
grad. at Dartmouth Coll., 1S17; ordained Deacon by Bp.
Hobart, 1820, and Priest, 1823; Rector of the United
Churches of Lansingburg and Waterford, N. Y., 1820-29 ;
Rector of Trinity Church. Utica, N. Y., 1829-35 ; succeeded
Rt. Rev. Bishop White in Christ Church, Phil., 1S37 ; reed,
honorary degree D.D. from Univ. of Penn., 1838; elected
Bishop of Maryland, 1839, but declined accepting the office.
Hist. Pocket Prayer Book, written by itself, 16mo. Church-
man's M,anu.al, 12mo. Recognition of Friends in Another
World, 32mo. History of Christ Church, Phila., 12mo, pp.
430. Sunday School 'I'eacher's Encouragement, 32mo, i>p.
52. Prophecies and Types, 12mo, pp. 72. Invitation to
the Holy Communion, 16mo, pp. 144. Travels in the
East, 1856, 12mo.
"Dr. Dorr's works have had an extensive circulatirn among
churchmen in the United States, and have been republished iu
England and the British I'roviuces."
Dorr, Julia C. R., b. 1825, at Charleston, South Caro-
lina, the daughter of Mr. Win. Y. Ripley, and wife of Mr.
Seneca M. Dorr, has resided since her marriage at Chatham
Four Corners, Columbia county. New Y'ork. She com-
menced publication in 1848, .and since then has contributed
many prose and poetical articles to the periodicals of the
day. Her writings have been much admired.
Dorrel, Iladriau. Wiilobie his Avisa, or the true
S13
DOR
DOU
Pii'ture of a modcpt Maide, and of a cbast and constant
Witt!, Lull., 1609. -Ito.
Dorrell, John. See Darrei.l.
Dorrington, Theop. Reformed Devotions, Lon.,
1687, 8vn; 1701. Family Devotions, 3d ed., 1703, 4 vols.
8vo. Other works.
Dorset. Essaj'on Defensive War. Philosophic Venus.
Condolence; an Elegiac Poem.
Dorset, Mrs. PeariK'k at Hume and other Poems. 1809.
Dorset and Pembroke, Anne, Countess ol'.
See Clifford.
Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of, 1037-1706,
"Was a great favourite with the wits uf the day. He wrot«
a few satires and songs, whiih possess considerahle merit.
His most celebrated piece was a Song written at Sea dur-
ing the Dutch war, 1665, the Night before an Engagement,
"To all you Ladies now on land," &c.
"I would instance your lotdship iu satire, and Shakspeare in
tra(jedy." — Dryd-n to Dorfit.
" There is a lustre iu his verses like that of the sun in Claude
Lorraine's landscapes." — Prior.
His poems will be found in Johnson's Collection.
" He wasaman whose elej^ance and jud-rnieiit were universally
confi'ssed. and whose bounty to the iL-arued and witty was j^enerally
known." — Life by Dr. Jolnis(m.
Dorset, Charles Sackville, Duke of, 1711-1769,
pub. a number of prose and puctical coinpusitions. a list
of which will be fuuud iu Park's Walpnle's R. and N. Au-
thors.
Dorset, Etlward Sackville, Earl of, 1590-1652.
Speeches, 1620, '-12, '43, '4L
'• A person of acute parts, who had a great conmiand of bis pen,
and was of able elocution." — Wood.
" Uis wit was pleasant, spa^klinb^ and sublime." — Lord Cl.\ren-
DON.
Dorset, Richard Sackville, Earl of, d. 1 677,wrotc
a poetical address to tiic Memory of Ben Jonsun.
Dorset, Thomas Sackville, Earl of, and Eord
Buckhurst, 1536-l(iOS, was not mure distinguished for
bis high official position — Lord High Treasurer of England
— than for the excellence of his poetical compositions. We
have already referred to his masterpiece. The Induction
to the Mirrour for Magistrates, (see Balhwis, William,)
and he wrote two pieces of considerable length in this cele-
brated collection. Warton gives Packville the merit of
being the primary inventor of the design, but Haslewood
confers it upon Baldwin. See authorities referred to in
article Baldwin, William. Sackville is the author, or
joint-author with Thomas Norton, of the first tragedy of
any consideration in the English language: Ferrer and
Porrex, commonly called Gorbuduc, 1565, 4to. Warton
questions Kortou's claim to any share in the authorship,
but the three first acts are attributed to him. Gorboduc is
in five acts, and in regular blank verse, though Wood tells
us that it is written in "old English rhyme!" — so much
had it become neglected. Pope determined to revive it,
and Spence aided the design by acting as editor, and a new
edit, was pub. in 1736. Svo. Warton considers the plot to
bo *' naked and uninteresting," but remarks :
" Yf t it must be granted that the language of Gorboduc has great
purity and perspicuity; and that it is entirely free from that tumid
phraseology which does not seem to have taken place till play-writ-
ing had become a trade, and our poet^^ found it their interest to
captivate the multitude by th« false sublime, and by those exag-
gerated imageries and pedantic metijthors whii'h are the blemishes
of the scenes of Shakspeare. and whirh are at this day mistaken
for his capital beauties by too many readers. Here also we have
another and a strongest reason why this play was never ponular."
—Histfny of English B>dry.
The same eminent authority conceives the Induction to
the Mirrour for Magistrates to have been the model of
Spenser in the representation of allegorical personages,
and he remarks that The Complaiut of Henry, Duke of
Buckingham, is written
■' W ith a force and even elegance of expression, a copiousness of
jihraseulngy. and an exactness of versification, not to bo found in
any other part of the collection."
Lord Buckhurst's Poetical Works were reprinted in 1820.
A Latin Epistle of his lordship's will be found prefixed to
Bartholomew Gierke's Latin trans, of Castiglione's Courtier.
" Gorboduc is full of stately speeches and well-sounding phrases,
clyming to the height of Seneca his stvle, and as full of notable
moralitie, which it doth most delightfully teach, and so obtayuo
tho very end of poesie."— .SVr Philip Sidne.y''s D'fnio: of Bxsic.
"In hisgraveryears, thebrilliancvof hisimaL'ination grew more
coiTect, not less abundant."'— //./n Wtlpole's Jt.aiidl^. Authors, q. v.
See CoUins's Peerage by Brydges; Biog. Brit.; Brit.
Bibliog.; Athen. Oxon.; Puttenham's Art of Poetry.
Dorsey, Clement. Test Law of Maryland, Bait.,
IS.'^S, Rvo. Statutory, Ac. Law, 1693-1839, 3 vols. Svo.
Dorsey, John L. Insolvency, Bait.. 1832, Svo.
Dorsey, John Syng, M.D., 17S3-1S18, an eminent
physician of Philadelphia. Eleraentsof Surgery, 1813, 2 vols.
Svo. Cooper's Surgery, with Notes. Con. to periodicals.
See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Dorsey, W. Ejectment in Maryland, with Notes and
Beferences to the Present Time, by R. W. Gill, 1841.
Borville. Pauline, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo.
Dossie, Robert. Works on Chemistry, Surgery,
Ac, Lf.n.. 1758-70. Memoirs of Agriculture. Ac, 1768-82,
3 vida. Svo: commended by Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Doubleday. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778.
Doubleday, Edward, 1810-1849. 1. Nomenclature
of British Birds, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Genera of Diurnal Lepi-
doptera, 40 parts imp. 4toj 80 coloured plates : commended
by Lon. Eclcc. Hev.
Doubleday, Thomas* True Law of Population.
Lon., Svo ; 3d ed., 1853. Financial and Monetary History,
1688-1847. Svo. 1847.
" A very able, painstaking, and useful exposition of the origin,
progress, and evil consequences resulting from our funding sys-
tem."— Ij'»i. Atlos.
Other works.
Douce, Francis, 1757-1S34. an antiquary of great
learning. "The Purson of old English and French Litera-
ture," was for some time keeper of the MSS. in the British
Museum. Mr. NuUekens, the sculptor, lelt him a large
legacy, which i)l:ued him in very comfortable circum-
stances, though it does not seem to have softened his irri-
table temper.
'"Xulliusaddictus jurare in verba magistrij'seemed, of all others,
to be the motto by which he was guided — the pivot upon which his
intellectual machinery turned. This necessaiily at times led him
into errors, if not into scrapes. lie would neither bend nor bow
to any man breathing." — Dibdin's Rrminisccncvs.
He is introduced in the Bibliomania under the nnmc of
pROSPERO, and many references to him and his valuable
library will l>e found in the two works just named, and also
in The Bibliographical Decameron. An interesting obituary
notice by Wm. Weller Singer will he found in the Gent.
Mag. for Aug., 1834. In addition to the two works pub.
under his own name, Mr. Douce contributed largely to
many works pub. by others, and a number of papers to the
Arcbienlogia and to the Gent. Mag.
He left a large collection of valuable MSS., which — in
consequence of a hostile review of his Illustrations of
Shakspeare in the Edin. Review — be ordered to be kept in
a sealed box in the British Museum until January 1, 1900,
when they are to be brought to light.
The IUustrati<ms of Shakspeare and of Ancient Man-
ners, with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shak-
speare, on the collection of popular tales entitled Gesta Ko-
manorum. and on the English Morris Dance, was first pub.
in 1807. 2 vols. Svo; new ed., 1839, Svo. The engravings
are by Jackson.
" This petty sort of aniiquarianism probably is not the object of
any one who takes up the volumes of Shakspeare; and the scanty
elucidation which the poet nuw and then receives makes us but
poor amends for the quantity of trash whirh is obtruded upon us,
with or without the apology of a difficulty. One great evil of this
is the encouiJigemeut of pedantry and laborious triUiug. ... Of
these merciless annofators, however, some arc more intolerable
than otheis. . . . Mr. Douce, we suppose is as good as any of them.
Yet we think him. upon the whole, very feeble and very dull : and
must set diiwn his hook among those which it is impossible to pe-
ruse without feelings of compassion for the incredible labour which
has been expended with so little return either of instruction or
amusement. We shall give a few specimens both of what appears
tritling and foolish, and of what is curious and new, iu these vo-
lumes."—S^m. Ee.v., 1808, xii. 469.
*' I look upun this work as a sort of Hortus ShaJcsperiamis, from
wTiich fiuit of every line and flavour may be safely pluckt and
eaten. The research and learning bestowed upon it are immense.
I once attemjitcd, during the Uorie Subsecirtc of a watering-iilace,
to make a Ciitnlogue of the authors consulted in it; but my cou-
rage or patience failed. My own copy, smartly bound antique-wise
by poor George Faulkener, was presented to a young and intelli-
gent Frenchman, who was perfectly SnAESPEARE-MAD, and who
devoured its pages with tho voracity of an alderman over a Ja-
maica turtle."— Dibdin: Library Cbmpainon.
*' In the criticismswhifhhavebeen passed upon MrBouce'sIllus-
trationsrif Shakspeare and Ancient Manners.it has not,Ithink,heen
generally noticed that this work is distinguished for the singular
ditlidence and urbanity of criticism, as well as depth of learning
which it evinces, and for the happy ilhistrations <if the subjects
disi'ussed by means of /tic simile wood-cuts." — BiUiomama.
Mr. Douce's Dissertation on the Dance of Death, accom-
panied with fifty-four engravings on wood, pub. by Pick-
ering, IS.'Ju, Svo, should be carefully perused by all who
take an interest in the works of Hans Holbein, Macaber,
ifec. In this vol. will be found an ample list of all the
Paintings of tho Dance of Death.
Jackson, in speaking of the original edition, (Lyons,
1538,) remarks:
"Sondunrably are these cuts executed — with so much feeling
and with so perfect a knowled;je of the capabilities of the art — that
DOU
DOU
I dn not think any wood onpraver of (ho prespnt day is capaVile of
surpassing th-Mu. The manner in which they are en>;raved is com-
paratively simple; there is no display of tine work merely to show
the artist's talent in cutting delicate lines. Kvery line is expres-
sive; and the end is always obtained hy the simplest means."
" Holbein's Dance of Death is unquestionably a masterpiece." —
Papillon.
Douch,John, England's Jubilee ; n Serm., 1660, 4to.
Doudy, Samuel. Mc<I. con. to Phil. Trnns., 1G96.
Douespe, E. P. de la. Serm., 1777, 4to.
Poii^all, John, d. 1822. Mod. Preeuptnr..tc.,lS10/i;j.
Dou^all, Will. Con. to Med. Comm., 17no.
Doughty. C'liarity Serin., 1742, Svo.
Doughty, Grcffory, Serm., Cnmb., 1724, 4to.
Doushty,John,159S?-1672,Reetor<.rCheam. Surrey,
and Prubendary of Westminster. }Ic pnU. some .term's,
and theolog. works, the best-known of Aviiieh is Analecta
Sacra, Ac., Lon., 1658, Svo, 1660, whieh has often been
reprinted on the Continent.
" Douphty endeavours to illustrate various parts of the Old and
New Testament by the manners nnd customs of the ancient Gen-
tiles. He was well acquainted with them; but is more successful
in elucidat ing the Old than the New Covenant Scriptures." — Ormi's
Bill. Bib.
Doughty, John. Serms., Lon., 1744. '52, *61.
Doughty, Thomas. Semis., 1728, ';58.
Douglas. Botanical papers in Trans. Hortie. Soo., <fec.
Douglas, Dr. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.. 1778.
Douglas, Mrs. Life of Prof. Gellert, Ac., ISO.'i.
Douglas, Rev. Mr. Edwin, a Trag., 1784. Svo.
Douglas, Alex, Poems. Cuper Fife, 1S06. Svo.
Douglas, Andrew, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1785, '89.
Douglas, Archibald, M.D. Profes. treatipes,175S,'84.
Douglas, Charles. The Sea, P"hih Trans.. 1770.
Douglas, Charles A., M.D. Profes. treatises in Ed.
Med. Ess., 1738.
Douglas, David. De Naturte Mirabilibus Opusculum,
Paris, 1524, 4to.
Douglas, Lady Eleanor. The Day of Judgment's
Model, 1646, 4to.
Douglas, Francis. Four Letters on Celibacy and
Marriage. Lon., 1771, Svo, anon. East Coast of Scotland,
1782, 12mo.
Douglas, Hon. Fred. Sylvester North, d. 1819.
Resemblance between the Ancient and Mod. Grt-cks, ISlJi.
Douglas, Gawin, Gavin, or Gawen, 1475-1522,
Bishop of Dunkeld, was third son of Archibald, fifth Earl
of Angus. He completed his studies at the University of
Paris, entered the church, and in the tumultuous events of
the day was distinguished for his "moderation and peace-
ableness." As a poet, Bishop Douglas is entitled to great
respect. His principal original composition is The Palico
of Honour, which will forcibly remind the reader of Bun-
yan's great allegory.
"The object of The Palice of Honour is to show the instability
and insufficiency of worldly pomp; and to prove that a constant
and uodeviatiug habit of virtue is the only way to True Honour
and Happiness, who reside in a magniticent pjilace situated ou the
summit of a hiyh and inaccessible mountain,"
King Hart, the only other poem of much extent written
by Douglas, presents us with scenes of life represented
under appropriate metaphors.
Bishop Douglas, however, is best known by his trans, of
Virgil's jEneid into Scottish verse, executed in 1513 ; first
pub, 1553. It is remarkable as being the first version of
a classic (unless wo call Boethius a classic) into any British
tongue. We quote some opinions upon tliis version from
two celebrated critics :
'•This translation is executed with equal spirit and fidelity; and
is a proof that the lowland Scotch and Kn;;lish languages were now
Dearly the same: I mean the styli' ^f .oriipnvition ; more especially
iu the glaring affectation of Hugtifizing baliri words. The several
books are introduced wilb nic'trifiil prologues, which are often
bighlj' poetical ; and show that Iionglns's proper walk was original
poetry." — Warton^s Hist, uf Fjig. I'l'ntnj.
" Without pronouncing it the best version of this poem that ever
was, or ever will be. executed, we may at least venture to affirm,
that it is the production of a bold and energetic writer, whose
knowledge of his original, and prompt command of a copious and
variegated phraseology, qualified him for the performance of so
arduous a task. And whetlier we consider the state of British
literature at that era, or the rapidity with which he completed the
work, [sixteen months,] he will be found entitled to a high degree
of admiration." — Dr.Irving's Lives of the Scottish Poets.
Mr. Hallam does not speak of Douglas's poetry with so
much ardour as Warton displays:
■' Warton did well to explain his rather startling expression, that
the lowland Scotch and English languages wero then uear^ the
same; for I will venture to say. that no Englishman, without
guessing at every other word, could understand the long passage
which he proceeds to quote from Oawin Douglas. It is true that
thedifferencesconsisted mainly in pronunciation.and consequently
in orthography; but this is the great cause of diversity in dialect.
The character of Douglas's original poetry seems to be that of the
Middlo Ages in general. — prolix, though sometimes animated, de-
scriptive of sensible objects." — Intmduc. to Lit. Hist.
The original edit, of the trans, of the ^.neid was pub.,
as wo have stated, in 1553, Lon., 4to. New edit., with a
glossary by Ruddiman, Edin., 1710. sm. fol. The Palice
of Honour, 1553, fol.; 1579, 4to: 1827, 4to: presented to
the members of the Bannnfyne Club, by John G. Kinnear,
Esq, He trans. Ovid's De Remedio Amoris, which ap-
pears to have been the earliest of his works. King
Hart was pub. for the first time from an original MS.
by Mr. Pinkerton. Select Works, with Memoirs of the
Author, a (Jloss., and Notes by Rev. Mr. Scott, 1787, 12mo.
Douglas, Gen. Sir Howard, Bart.. D.C.L.,b. 1776,
at Gosport, has ilistinguished himself both in civil and in
military life. Military Bridges, 1816, Svo; 3d ed., 1853,
Svo. Treatise on Naval Gunnery; 4th ed., 1855, Svo,
This ed. contains a chapter on the Siege of Sebastopol,
1855, and the operations in the Crimea generally. Obs. on
Carnot's System of Fortifications, Svo. Considerations on
the Value and Import, of the Brit. Amer. Provinces, Lon.,
1831, Svo. Naval Evolutions. 1832, Svo : see Clerk, John.
'•The work of Sir Howard Douglas has not only stood its ground
for thirty years and more, but (harder task) has operated on the
Ailmiralty. The new edition contains an account of all the im-
provements that have taken place iu the theory and practice of
naval gunnery since the appearance of its predecessor." — Lon.
Spectator.
Douglas, George, M.D. Fossil, "Vegetable, and Ani-
mal substances used in Physic, Lon., 1735, Svo. Anatomy,
Edin., 17(i3.
Douglas, George, Matbemat. works, 177fi-lS09.
Douglas, James. 1. A Prophecy, 2. Strange News
from Scotland, lt}51, 4to.
Douglas, James, Duke of Queensberry. Speech to
the PariiaiiiL'nt of Scotland. Lon.. 1702. fol.
Douglas, James, M.D., 1675-1742, a physician of
great reputation, highly cnmmended by Haller. Myogra-
phice Comparator Specimen, Lon., 1707, 12nio. IBiblio-
graphia? Anatoniic.TJ Specimen, 8vo. Lateral Operation,
172G, Svo: Appendix, 1731, Svo. Lilium Sarnese, 1725,
fol. Other works. Many of his works were trans, into
Latin and other languages.
Douglas, James. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess.. 1731.
Douglas, Rev. James. Tactics, 1781. 2 vols. Svo.
Travelling Anecdotes, 1782, 2 vols. Svo. Nenia Britannica,
17S6-93, fol. Dissert, on the Urbs Rutupiae of Ptolemy,
1787, 4to. Other works.
Douglas, James, (Lord Mordington,) and Mar-
tin Laycock. Proposals ibr the Farm, ut Jl. Coarlies, fol.
Douglas, Jane, tienuine Memoirs of, 1701, 12mo.
Douglas, Lady Jane. Letters of. 1767, Svo.
Douglas, James, of Clavers, a layman, is the author
of many valuable works, principally theological. AVe no-
tice The Truths of Religion; Errors regarding Religion;
Popery antl Infidelity; Thoughts on Prayer; Ou the Phi-
losophy of Mind; The Structure of Prophecy.
■'Our respect for the venerable writer, and our admiration of
these Lectures, are so profound, that we can no longer defer an
earnest recommendation of them to the reader." — Lmi. Edec. litv.
Douglas, John, Surgeon to the Westminster Infir-
mary, brother to James Doi'glas, M.D., {q. v.,) pub. a num-
ber of valuable profes. works, a list of which will be found
in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Douglas, John. Con. to Ed, Med,. 1731, '38.
Douglas, John, 1721-1807, educated at Baliol Col-
lege, Oxford, Canon of Windsor, 1702; Dean of Windsor,
1780; Bishop of Carlisle, 17S7; trans, to Salisbury, 1701.
The learned bishop was one of the most eminent literary
characters of his day, and his exposures of the sophistry of
Hume, and the forgery of Lauder, to say nothing of his keen
critique on Bower's marvellous relations — prove that hia
reputation was not undeserved. AVm. Lauder astonished
the literary world in 1791 by publishing an essay to prove
that Milton was a mere plagiarist, that Paradise Lost was
borrowed from other quarters. To this essay Douglas pub.
an answer in the same year, entitled Milton no Plagiary;
or a Detection of the Forgeries in Lauder's Essay. The
bishop completely established his position. See Lacder,
Wm. In 1 756, '57, '58, Douglas pub. his four tracts against
Bower. He undertook to prove that the History of the
Popes was in fact a trans, from a Popish history ! In 1756
he demolished David Hume's argument against the Chris-
tian miracles, in his Criterion or Miracles Examined. This
work has been several times reprinted.
•* In this excellent work the sophistries of Hume are ably and
concisely refuted; the delusions of paganism and popery are can-
vassed with great acutencss; and the miracles recorded in the gos-
pel history are vindicated by unanswerable arguments." — Bishop
Van Mildert.
Bishop Douglas pub. and edited several other works, and
DOU
DOW
was the autbor of a number of political pamphlets and
fugitive papers. His Select Works, with a Memoir by the
Rev. W. Macdonald, were pub. in 1820, Salisbury, 4to.
Douglas, John. Letter to Henry Brougham, Esq.,
on lijiw Reform in Scotland, Lon., 1830, 8vu.
Douglas, Niel, Serms., Poetry, Ac, 1791, '99.
Douglas, Robert. Generation of Heat in Animals,
Lon., 1747, 8vo.
Douglas, Sir Robert. Peerage of Scotland, Edin.,
176-1, foi. Continued by J.P.Wood, 1813, 2 vols. foL,
£10 108. Baronetage of Scotland, 1798, fol. Original ed.
not pub.
Douglas, Robert, Variation of the Compass, Phil.
Trans., 1776.
Douglas, Robert, D.D. Oaths, 1783, 8vo. General
View of the Agricult. of the counties of Roxburgh and
Selkirk, Edin., 1798. 8vo; Lon., 1802, 8vo.
"Always reckoned the best of the Scotch reports." — Donaldsmi's
AgricnU. Biog.
Douglas, Robert, Surgeon R.N. Adventures of a
Medical Student, with a Memoir of the Author, Lon., 184S,
.3 vols. p. 8vo; 1850, p. 8vo.
" This volume will be welcome in evei-y circulating libraiy, club.
»nd mess-room." — Ufiittd SiTvice Gazette.
Douglas, Sylvester, Rt. Hon. Lord Glenber-
vie, M.P., 1747-1823. Speech, 1799, Svo. Controverted
Elections, 1775-77, 4 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1802, 4 vols. Svo.
" A collection of excellent reports on the law of parliamentary
elections." — IIarurave.
Reports in K. B.,4th ed.,by W. Frere, 1S13, 2 vols. Svo;
(1st Amer. ed., Phila., 1807, Svo;) ditto, vols. iii. and iv.,
by H. Roscoe, 1S31, 2 vols. r. Svo.
" Douglas's Ueports are of the hip;hest autbonty, and bis manner
ifi preferred by many to that of Sir James Burrow." — Hoffman's
Leg. Stu.. 419.
Life of John Mercer, 1806, Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
176S. '73.
Douglas, Thomas. Vitis Degeneris; Ancient Cere-
monies. Lon.. 1668, IL'uio.
Douglas, Thomas, Earl of Selkirk. See Selkirk.
Douglas, >Vm. l>e Lae Venera. 1687.
Douglas, Capt. Wm. Trial, *fec., 1767, Svo.
Douglas, Wm. Serm., 1812, 4to.
Douglas, Wm., M.D., d. 1752, a native of Scotland,
settled in Boston. Mass., where he obtained considerable
professional reputation. Treatises on the Small Pox, 1722,
'30. An Epidemic Fever, 1736. Midwifery. Brit. Set-
tlements in N. America. Pub. in numbers, Boston. Jan.,
1749; May, 1749, forming vol. i. Vol. ii. was pub. in 1753.
Both vols, reprinted in London. 1755, Svo; again, 1760.
The death of the author left the work incomplete.
" In his history of the American colonies, he is often incorrect;
and it was his foible to measure the worth of men by his personal
friendship for them." Bee Whitney's Hist. Worcester; Allen's
Amer. Biog. Diet.
" The honest and downright Dr. Douglas." — .\dam Smitu.
Douland, or DoAvland, John, d. 1615 ? an English
musician, pub. several musical treatises, among which was
a trans, of Ornithaphareus's Micrologus, or Art of Singing,
Lon.. 1609, fol.
" This treatise, though the best of the time, seems too meagre
and succiDct to have been of great use to the students of sui-h
music as was then practised." — Bunieg's Hist, of Music, q. v.; and
also Hawkins's Hist, of Music.
'* We are assured that John Douland was the rarest musician
that his age did behold." — Wood.
Douland, or Dowland, Robert, contributed to
John DouUiud's Lutu Playing, 1610, ful., and pub. a Mu.si-
call Banqvet. 1610, fol.
Douley, George. Theolog. Dialogues, 1616, Svo.
Doulevy, Andrew. Catechism, Paris, 1642.
Douna'us. See Downes, Andrew.
Donuamus, Georgius. See Downahe.
Doulhwaite,T. The Impartialist; in Poems, 1775.
Doutre, Joseph, b. 1825, near Montreal, Canada. At
eighteen years of ago he wrote a French historical novel,
entitled Les Fiances de 1812. He has been the first lau-
reate of the Canadian Institute.
Dovaston, J. Fitz-Guardine; a Ballad, 1S12.
Dove. Almanack for 1662, Camb., Svo.
Dove, Henry, D.D., d. 1694, '95. Serms., 1680-86.
Dove, James. Religious Experience, 1804, Svo.
Dove, John, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1597, 16mo. Ch.
Government, 1606, 4to. Comment, on Canticles, 1613, fol.
Atheism, 1610, Svo.
Dove, John, d. 1772, who went by the name of the
"Hebrew Taylor," from his learning and trade, pub. a
number of theolog. treatises, among which are The Im-
portance of Rabbinical Learning, Lon., 1746, Svo, and
Plain Truth, or Quakerism Unmasked, 1756, Svo.
6LC
Dove, John. Strictures on Agriculture.
'' The author d<n's not state any ]iractii:al knowledge, and is lit-
tle uoiiced."—Dfma!dson's Agricult. Bi"g.
Shoal of Pumice Stones on the Sea, Phil. Trans., 1728.
Dove, Richard. Serm., 1761, 8vo.
Dove, Wm. Con. to Med. Comm., 1793.
Dover, liOrd. See Ellis, Gkorge J. W. A.
Dover, John. The Roman Generals, 1667, 4to.
Dover, Robert. Annalia Dvhrensia; see Bliss's
Wood's Athcii. Oxon., iv. 222. 223, and Dili. Anglo- Poet.,891.
Dover, Thomas, See Dover, John.
Dover, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1732, '33.
Dover, Wm, His Case, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Dow, Lieut. Col. Alexander, a native of Perth-
shire, d. 1779. Hist, of Hindostan, from the Persian of
Ferishta, Lon., 1767, '68, 2 vols. 4to ; a continuation being
vol. iii., 1772, 4to; 1803, 3 vols. Svo.
" Ferishta was employed for twenty years in the composition of
bis history." — Turner.
Dow is charged with borrowing freely from Bernier'a
Travels. Tales from the Persian of InatuUa, 1768, 2 vols.
12mo. Zingis, a Tragedy, 1769, Svo. Sethona, a Trag.,
1774, Svo.
Dow, or Dowe, Bartholomew. A Dairie Bookc
for all good Huswives, Lon., 1 588, Svo. Also printed with
The Householder's Philosuphie, &c,
Dow, Christopher. Theolog. treatises, 1636, '37.
Dow, John. Trial of A. McKinlay, ISIS.
Dow, Lorenzo, 1777-1834, of Coventry, Connecticut,
a travelling preacher of great zeal and equal eccentricity.
Experience and Travels in Europe and America, and Po-
lemical Writings, Cincin. Works, ed. by Br. Dowling, N.
York, Svo.
Dow, P. Reports C. in H. of Lords, Lon., 1814-19,
6 vols. r. Svo; do., 1827-32, 2 vols. r. Svo; 1830-32 by P.
D. and C. Clark.
Dowall, James. 1. Vindication. 2. Appeal, 1681, Ac.
Dowcett, Abraham. Declaration agst. Ralph, 1648.
Dowdall, W. Revenue of Ireland, Lou., 1720-29.
Dowding, W. C, Theolog. Lectures, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
DowdesAvell, George M. Law of Life and Fire
Insurances, Lon., 1S46, 12mo.
"This is a text-book of the right sort. Instead of a crude strinj;:
of marf^ioal notes, not very honestly culled from the digest, and
very clumsily coupled with links by the author, Mr. Dowdeswell
has jcriWfM a trrati.-:e on the subject he professes to explain." —
4 Law Mug., JV. S., .354.
4th ed. of Smith's Comp. of Mercantile Law, 1S48, r. Svo.
6th ed. of Bnyly on Bills of Exchange, 1849, Svo. G. M.
D. and J. G. Malcom; 4th ed. of Starkie on the Law of
Evidence, 1853. r. Svo. Amer. ed., Phila. 1853.
"The fourth edition of Starkie is to the exjstintr law what the
first edition was to the law in 1^^4." — Jurist, Dec. 1852.
Dowel, John. The Leviathan Heretical; or a Dis-
course against Hobbes, Oxf., 1683, 12mo.
Dow^gtlass, Robert. Serm., Ac, 1651, '60.
Dowle, John. Serm.. Lon., 1630, Svo.
Dowley, Peter. Letter to Dr. Wells, Oxon., 1708.
Dowling, A. S. Statutes, Lon., 1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo.
Reports of Cases, 1833-42. 9 vols. Svo; A. S. D. and V.;
Continuation, 1842, '43, 2 vols. Svo; A. S. D. and J. J.
Lowndes; Continuation, 1844, '45, 2 vols. Svo.
Dowling, Daniel. Book-keeping, 1766. Key to the
latest ed. of Huttun's Mathemat., 1813, 3 vols. Svo.
Dowling, E. A. Hebrew tungue, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Dowling, J. Common Law Practice, Lon., 1S34, 13mo.
J. D. and Ryhmd A. Reports K. K., 1822-31,9 vols. Svo;
do. rel. to Magistrates, 1823-31, 4 vols. Svo.
Dowling, John, D.D.. b. May 12, 1807, in Sussex,
England, settled in the United States in 1832, Since 1833
he has been highly successful as a writer and preacher.
He is the author of many works, the following being the
principal : 1. A Vindication of the Baptists from the charge
of Bigotry, Svo. 2. An Exposition of the prophecies sup-
posed by AVilliam Miller to predict the second coming of
Christ, 1840, 18mo. 3. A Defence of the Protestant Scrip-
tures from the attacks of Popish Apologists, &c., 1843.
4. History of Romanism from the earliest corniptions of
Christianity to the present time, Svo, 734 pp., N. Y., 1845.
In less than ten years 25,000 of this large work were soM.
5. Judson Offering, ISmo. 6. Power of Illustration, Jkc,
ISnio. Edited the Conference Hymn Book, Baptist Noel's
work on Baptism, with an Introductory Essay. Works of
Lorenzo Dow. Conyers Middleton on the Conformity of
Popery and Paganism. Memoir of the Missionary Jacob
Thomas. Translated from the French the Rev. Dr. Cotes's
Un mot en passant U. ccux qui ont abandonue I'^glise Ro-
maiue.
DOW
DOY
" TT the reader wipbe?: to he acquainted with the errors of Ro-
manism, he has only to open the p:iges of Dowling*s History. If
the reader is anxious to read an epitome of the history of the Popes,
their ambition, their intri'.;ues, tljeir avariciousuess, their tyranny,
their superstitious, and their mummeries, he can here tiiid all
pr'ivfii and atdlierihcalal by the most accredited authors of the
Church of Home.'" — L. (jIU.stimam.
Dowling, John G. Introduc. to the Critical Study
of Eccles. Hist., Lon., 18.18, 8to.
" A useful work, with partialities." — Btckersteth.
N'jtitiaScriptorum postauDum 1700, 8vo, 1839. Serms.,
1841, 8vo.
Dowling, \Vm. Quadrupeds and Birds, 1849.
Dowmaii, George, .\1.D. Seirrhus, 174S, 8vo.
Downame, or Douuhani, (ieorge, D.D.. d. 16.''.4,
educated at Cambridt^e, and Fellow of Christ Cliurcb, 1585 :
Bi.sh(ip of Derry, 1616. A Treatise proviug that the Pope
is Antichrist, 1603, 4to. Lectures on Ps. .\v., 1604, 4to.
" Wherein the question of usurie is fully and plainly de-
cided." Abstract of Duties, Ac, 1620, Svo; 16:io. justi-
fication, 1623, ful.
" \ full reply to the cavils of the Romanists." — Bickersteth.
Christian's Freedom, 1635, Svo; new ed., 1836, 8vo.
Prayer, 1640, 4to. Otiier works.
" A learned aud godly bishop." — Leigh's Treatise nf Religion and
Learning.
Downame, John, d. 1644, brother of the preceding,
and also a divine. Spiritual Physiek, 1600, 8vo. Leet.
upon the first four chap, of Hosea, 1608, 4to. The Chris-
tian Warfare, in 4 parts, 1609-18, 4to; together, 1634. fol.
" One of the best pieces of praclical divinity extant." — Ukrvf.v.
Godliness, 1622, fol. Concordance or Tnhle of the Bible,
1639, fol. Sacred Divinitic, 4to. The Sacrament, 1645.
Downe, B. Modern Geography, 1804.
Dow'ne, Darby. Henlth; a Poem. 1724, 8vo.
Downe, John, an eminent divine, nephew to Bishop
Jewel, and highly commended by Bishop Hall. Serms.
and Tracts agst. Transubstautiation, Oxf., 1633, 4to. Jus-
tifying Faith, 1635, fol.
bownes. A Popish King; a Serm., 1745, 8to.
Downes, Andrew, 1550?-1627, Greek Prof, at Cam-
bridge, 1586. Praclectiuncs in Lysiam, Cantab., 1593, 8vo.
Pra;lectiones in Demosthonis Philippicam vi. de Pace, Lon.,
1621, Svo. He was one of the trans, of the Bible, and
some notes of his on Chrysostom will be found in Sir Henry
Savile's edition of that author.
Downes, George. Three Monthsin the North, Lon.,
12mo. Letters from the Continent, 2 vols. p. Svo; from
Mecklenberg and Holstein, 1820, 8vo.
*' Not so full and various as miL'ht have been expected : on man-
ners and German literature it is most instructive."— S^ren.wH's
Vor/^'ijes and TrareU.
Downes,IIenry,D.D., Bishop of Killala, 1716; trans,
to Elphin, 1720; to Meatb, 1724; to Derry, 1726. Serms.,
1697-1725.
Downes, Henry. Serms., 1784, 2 vols. 8vo.
Downes, John. Ilypochundriaca, 1660, 4to.
Downes, John. Ro.scius Auglicanus; or. An His-
torical Review of the Stage. Lon., 1708, 8vo.
" But for this work we should have known little or nothing of
Gome cctcbrated actors." — Grangeb.
Downes, John. Serms., 1741-61.
Downes, John, b. 1799, in Brooklyn, distinguished
mathematician ; assisted in prep.aring the American
NauticTl Almanac since its first publication ; author of
Logarithms and Logarithmic Sines and Tangents, with
other Tables, 1858. 4to.
Downes, Jos. Speech of J. Foster, 1799, Svo.
Downes, Robert, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns.
Serut., 1750. 4to.
Downes, Samuel. Lives of the Compilers of the
Liturgy, and an hist..rical account of its several reviewers.
Bishop Sparrow's Rationale, ed. 1722.
Downes, Thoop. On Allegiance, 1691, 4to, Ac.
Downes, Thomas. A copious Index to Pennant's
account of London, imp. fol.
Downey, Thomas. Naval Poems, 1813, 4t«.
Downhani. See Downame.
Downham, G. Rex Mens est Deus, 1643.
Downie, Murdo. Marine Survey East Coast of
Scotland, Lon., 1792, 4to. The Atmosphere, Aberdeen.
1800, 8vo.
Downing, Andrew .Tackson, 1815-1852, a native
of Newburgh, N. York, perished in the conflagration of the
steamboat Henry Clay, on the Hudson River, July 28, 1852.
Fruits and Fruit Trees of .-Vmerica, N. York, 14th ed., 1852,
Svo. Sale in .\merica to 1S53, 15,000 copies.
" Downing's Fruit and Fruit Trees of America deserves to be
more generally known in Europe."— rritd/ier's £iW. GuidetoAmer
LU.j Lim,, 18o5, 12mo.
Landscape Gardening and Rural Architecture, N. York,
Svo. Sale in America to 1853, 9000 copies.
"By these admirable works Mr. Downing has done much to im-
prove the taste of our rural inhabitants, and at the same time to
promote the best and most judicious selection and culture of Fruit
Trees." — Cuancellor King.
" .Mr. Downing has here produced a very delightful work, [Land-
scape tJardening.] and has convinced us that sound criticism and
retined judgment in matters of Uiste are not contined to this side
of the Atlantic. " — Lan, Art t'ninn Jnurnal.
" X masterly work." — Locdo.v.
"The standard work on this subject." — SiUiman's Jnurnal.
The treatise upon Landscape tiJardcning is a most com-
prehensive work upon the subject; treating of History and
General Principles, Ancient, Modern, Natural Styles, In-
fluence of Poets, <te. Examples Abroad and in America,
Beauties, Capacities, Picturesque Simple Beauty, Wood
and Plantations, Grouping, Classification, leading Cha-
racteristics. Trees, History and Descriptions of finest
deciduous Evergreens, Vines, and Climbing Plants. For-
mation of Walks, Roads, Fences, Hedges, Landscape or
Rural Architecture, Characteristic Features of Country
Houses, Roman, Dalian, Swiss, Tudor, Old English, Eliza-
bethan, Lodges, Embellishments, Rustic, Floral, Seal.s,
Bridges, Rockwork, Dials, Vases, Fountains, Decora-
tions, <tc.
Cottage Residences, N. York, Svo. Sale in America to
1853, 6250 copies. Architecture of Country Houses, N. Y.,
Svo. Sale in America to 1853, 3500 copies.
Rural Essay.s, by the late A. J. Downing.with a Memoir of
the Author, edited by George Wm. Curtis, and a letter to
his friends by Frederika Bremer, N. York, 1854, Svo. This
volume contains, with one or two exceptions, all of Mr.
Downing's editorial papers in The Horticulturist. Mr.
Downing also edited Loudon's Gardening for L.adies. N.
York, 12mo, and Wightwick's Hints to Young Architects,
N. York, Svo.
"Mr. Downing has practical knowledge and true ta.ste, and evi-
dently loves his pursuits, 'i hese qualities give freshness, charm,
and value to whatever he writes on his tavourite topic." — Anur.
Quarterly Reriev.
Downing, Itladen. Serm., Lon., 1814.
Downing, C T. Fanqui. or Foreigner in China in
1836' '37, 3 vcds. p. Svo ; 1838, '40.
" An account of the habits, manners, manufactures, and laws
of China."— /.w(. All s.
Downing, t'alybute, 1606-1644, a Puritan divine.
State Ecclesiastical. Oxf., 1632. 4to. Considerations, Lon.,
1641, fol. Serm., 1641. 4to. Discourse, 1641, 4to. Dis-
covery, 1641, 4to. Diametrical opposition between Pres-
bytery and Prelacy. 1644, 4to.
Downing, CU>ment. Indian Wars, Lon., 1737, 12mo.
Downing, George. Serm., Lon., 1760, Svo.
Downing, George. Newmarket; aCom., 1763, 12mo.
The Parthian Exile; a Trag., 1774, Svo. The Volunteers,
1780. Svo.
Downing, John. Case of, Lon., 1796, Svo.
Downing, Joseph. Disorders of H. Cattle, 1797.
Dowuiuge, Sir George. Political tract.s, 1664-72.
Downman, Rev. Hugh, M.D., 1740-1809, born near
Exeter, educated at Balliol College. Infancy, a Poem in
6 Books: 1,1774; 2,1775; .3,1775; all4to; whole 6, 1788,
Edin.. 12mo. It went through 7 edits, during his lifetime.
Land of the Muses and other Poems, 1768, 4to. Editha;
a Com., Lon., 1785. Svo. L. J. Brutus; a Trag., 1779.
Poems, 1790; do. to Thespia, 1805, Svo. Tragedies, 1792,
Svo. He trans. The Death Song, &c. from Wormius, and
four tragedies from Voltaire.
Downiche, Anne. The Frenche Historic, in verse,
Lon., 1589, 4to. A rare book. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 226.
£25; resold at Saunders's, 1818, £13 28. 6rf.
Dowsing, Wm. Parliamentary Visitor for demolish-
ing the Superstitions and Ornaments of Churches, 4c.
within the county of Suffolk in the years 1643 and 1644;
his Journal, 1786, 4to. Here's a curious book, indeed!
The iconoclast must have some strange tales to tell.
Dowson, James. De Numerorum Figuratorum Re-
solutione, Lon., 1614, 8vo.
Doyle, Major, is said to be the author of A New Mili-
tary Journal, Lon., 1803, 4to. Instructions, 1804. Mili-
tary Catechism. Svo.
Doyle, James, d. 1834, R. Catholic Bishop of Kildare
and Leighlin. Letter to Archbishop Magee. Letter to
Daniel O'Connell on Poor Laws for Ireland. Bishop Doyle
pub. many pamphlets, letters, ic. on theological and po-
litical subjects.
Doyle, Martin. Cyclopedia of Practical Husbandry
and Rural Afi'airs, Dubl., 1829, p. Svo. New ed., enlareed.
1851, Svo. ^ '
" A plain and very sensible matter-of-Cict exposition of current
il7
DOY
DRA
and knowu intelligence in a very acceptable and useful manner/'
— Donaldson's Ag/ncuU. Bing.
Practical Gardening, 1838. 12mo. Flower Garden, 4th
ed., 1845, 12mo. Labouring Classes in Ireland, 1846, 12mo.
Catechisms of Gardening and Cottage Farming, 1851, ISmo.
Works, 2 vols. 12mo.
Doylc» Wm, Some Account of the British Dominions
beyond the Atlantic, Lon., 1770, 8vo.
" The author proposes a new si-beme nf geography, calling South
America, Atlantis ; North America, Sebastia ; and classes the Ame-
rican colonies under the names of Neanylia. Jttcf>bsa, and MesiQy
or Midensia.'^ — Lon. MunUily I\'evi>'iv, xlii. 413; 1770, q. v.
The collector of works on America should procure this
curious volume.
D'Oyley, Catherine. The History of the Life and
Death of our Blessed Saviour, Southamp., 1794, 8vo.
D'Oyley, Charles, The European in India, 1813,
4to. The Illustrations are by D'Oyley, but the Preface
and History are by T. W. Blagdon and Capt. T. Williamson.
D'Oyly, George, D.D., 1778-1846, educated at, and
Fellow of, Ben-'t College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted,
1815 ; of Lambeth and Sundridge, Kent, 1820. Letters to
Sir Wm. Drummoud rel. to his (Edipus Judaicus, 1812, '13,
8vo. Two Discourses, 1811, 8vo. Life of Archbp. San-
croft, 1821, 2 vols. Serms., chiefly Doctrinal, 1827, 8vo.
Occasional serms. and pamphlets. Serms., with a Memoir
by his son, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Dr. D'Oyly was a contri-
butor to the London Quarterly Review. In 1S13, in con-
junction with the llev. Richard (now Bishop) Mant, he
commenced the preparation of an annotated Bible, to be
pub. by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge.
The 1st number appeared Jan. 1, 1814; complete, Oxf.
and Lon., 1814, 3 vols. 4to. It has been frequently re-
printed at Cambridge and Oxford alternately, and the sale
has probably not fallen short of 40,000 copies. New edit.,
Lon., 1848. Vol. i., Old Test, and Apoc. Vol. ii.. N. Test.,
r. Bvo. Pub. also with the sacred text In 3 vols. r. 8vo,
1850.
"Of the labour attending this publication some idea may be
formed, when it is stated that the works nf upwards of one hun-
dred and sixty authors have been consulted for it, amounting to
several hundred volumes. On the fundamental articles of Chris-
tian verity. — the Di'ity and atonement of Jesus Christ, and the
personality and offices of the Holy Spirit. — Ibis work may be pro-
nounced to be a library of divinity.'' — T. H. Home's Bibl. Bib. See
the comments in Bickersteth's Christian Student.
The purchaser should also procure the Rev. Dr. Wilson's
Index to this commentary. It is more comi)lete than the
one annexed to the work. The Rev. I\Ir. Bellamy's Con-
cordance also should accompany it. The Rt. Rev. Bishop
Hobart of New York pub. an edit, of this Bible, with ad-
ditional notes. New York, 1818-20, 2 vols. 4to.
*' He has greatly enhanced the value of this work by numerous
additional notes, selected from the writings of upwards of thirty
of the most eminent divines, (not noticed by Drs. Mant and D'Oyly,)
whose names areasuffitieut pledge for the orthodoxy of the anno-
tations taken from their writings. . . . ^lauy other notes are like-
wise selected from several of the authors cited by Up. Mant and
Dr. D'Oyly. Bp. llobarfs additional notes are twofold; 1. Critical
and Explanatory ; aud'^. Practical. The latter are most numerous,
and are greatly calculated to increase tha value of this comment-
ary."— T. II. HoRNE, uln siipra.
See a biographical notice of Dr. D'Oyly in Lon. Gent.
Mag., March, 184t), and Memoir by his son, prefixed to his
Serms. pub. in 1S47.
D'Oyly, Robert. Four theolog. Dissertations, 1728.
"This is a book which contains some original and curious dis-
quisitions, but not always in accordance with received opinions.
The discussions are conducted in a manner somewhat similar to
those of Delany." — Orme; liibl. Bib.
The Dissertations are recommended by Dr. A. Clarke-
Doylye, Dr. Antiquity of Arms. See Ilearne's Col-
lection, p. 175, 1771. Etymology, Dignity, and Antiquity
of Dukes, lb., p. 183.
Drage, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 1665-68.
Drage, or Dragge, Wm., Clerk of the California.
Voyage of the California for the discovery of a Northwest
passage, Ac, Lon., 1748, 2 vols. 8vo.
■' A pedantic, disputatious, dogmatical performance." — Barrow's
Arcti: Voi/ages, p. "287, 1818.
The Great Probability of a N. West Passage, 176S, 4to.
Drakard, John. Life of Col. Wardle, 1810.
Drake. Introduction to English. 1688. 8vo.
Drake. The Innocent Vindicated, 1718, 8vo.
Drake, Mrs. Defence of the Female Sex, 1696
Drake, Benjamin, 171U-1S41, "a native of Mason
county, Kentucky, a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, a most
amiable and excellent man, a lawyer by profession, for
many years edited a literary and family nowspa])er, pub-
lished weekly at Cincinnati, and largely circulated in Ohio.
It was a paper of high moral tone and literary merit, con-
ducted with ability and good taste — filled with cheerful,
&18
attractive contributions, well-wrought fictions, and sound
criticism.
His published writings, other than the above,were, with
their dates :
1827. Cincinnati in 1826. By B. Drake and E. D. Mans-
field, pp. 100, 12rao.
1830. The Western Agriculturist and Practical Farmer's
Guide; a compilation.
18;i8, The Life and Adventures of Black Hawk, with
Sketches of Keokuk, the Sac and Fox Indians, and
the late Black Hawk War. pp. 228, 12mo. Tales and
Sketches from the Queen City, pp. ISO, 12mo. This is a
volume of cheerfully and tastelully written fictions and
sketches of life and manners in the West. It is creditable
to the writer's talents, and commendable for its purity of
thought and sentiment.
1840. Life of General William Henry Harrison ; a small
vol. of perhaps 250 pages, prepared by B. Drake, jointly
with Col. Charles S. Todd of Frankfort, Kentucky.
1841. Life of Tecumseh, and his brother the Prophet,
with a Histrtrical Sketch of the Shawanee Indians, pp. 235,
12mo. This i.s the most elaborate of Mr. Drake's works,
and is a carefully-prepared memoir from facts, the most of
which were collected by himself in the country where Te-
cumseh had lived and acted, and from a great number of
respectable jiersuns who had known that chief."
For the above notice we arc indebted to a well-known
and highly-respected man of letters. Judge James Hall,
of Cincinnati. Ohio.
Drake, Charles D., son of Dr. Daniel Drake. Trea-
tise on the Law of Suits by Attachment in the U. States,
Boston, 1854, Svo ; 2d ed., 1S58, 8vo.
'■ The members of the pi-ofesBioii owe much to Mr. Drake for his
successful labours in producinj; this valuable treatise upon a branch
of the law hitherto untouched by any writer."
Drake, Daniel, M.D., 1785-1852, a native of Plain-
field, New Jersey, a resident vt' Cincinnati, Ohio, was a
brother of Benjamin Drake. " When he was quite young,
his parents removed to Mason county, Kentucky, where he
received such .an education as the common county schools
afforded. When grown he went to Cincinnati, then a vil-
lage, where he studied medicine; attended two courses of
lectures at the Medical School of the University of Pcnna.,
at Philadelphia, where he graduated; became a very dis-
tinguished practitioner and teacher of medicine j was a
professor in the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati ; Cincin-
nati Medical College, do.; Transylvania Medical College,
Lexington, Ky. ; Louisville Medical College, Louisville,
Ky. ; Jefferson Medical College. Philada. — all distinguished
schools ; where he was associated with the most eminent
men of the profession, and held equal rank with the fore-
most. He was a teacher of medicine nearly all his pro-
fessional life; an able, instructive, and popular lecturer.
He was an original thinker, with an active, vigorous mind,
an ardent temperament, unwearied industry, and a perse-
verance and energy of purpose wholly indomitable, and
capable of extraordinary achievement. A philanthropist
in the largest sense, he devoted himself freely and habit-
ually to works of benevolence and measures for the ame-
lioration of distress, the extension of religion and intelli-
gence, the good of his fellow-creatures, the honour and
prosperity of his country. His habits were simple, tem-
perate, abstemious; his labours incessant.
List of his books, with the dates of publication;
1810. Notices concerning Cincinnati, pp. 64, 12mo,
1815. Picture of Cincinnati, pp. 250, i2mo.
18.32. Practical Essays on Medical Education, and the
Medical Profession in the United States, pp. 104, 12mp.
A Practical Treatise on the History, Prevention, and Treat-
ment of Epidemic Cholera, designed for both the Profession
and the People, pp. ISO. 12mo.
1850. A Sy.stematic Treatise, historical, etiological, and
practical, on the principal diseases of the Interior Valley
of North America, as they appear in the Caucasian, Afri-
can, Indian, ami Esquimaux varieties of its population,
pp. 878, 8vo. Cincinnati : published by W. B. Smith.
1854. The second volume of the same, posthumously
published, Phila., Lippincott, Grambo & Co., pp. 985, Svo.
This is probably the most important and valuable work
ever written in the United States. The subject is large.
The work could not be compiled. The subject was new,
and the materials were to be collected from original sources,
from observation, personal inspection, oral evidence, &.C,
It occupied many years ; and was, probably, in contempla-
tion during the whole or the most part of Dr. Drake's long
professional life. For many years he spent the vacations
between the winter courses uf lectures in travelling over
DRA
DRA
this great valley, taking a district at a time, exploring each
district thoroughly, noting distinctly and minutely its phy-
sical character, peculiarities, climate, soil, mountains, hy-
drography, productions, every thing which could affect
health or longevity. lie visited physicians and intelligent
men, and collected facts and opinions — and established cor-
respondences. In this great work, he describes the whole
interior of I'ur country, from Canada to Texas, by dis-
tricts, most cl(diortite/i/, giving by far the best, most detailed,
most reliable, topographical and physical description ex-
tant. Then be gives the prevailing diseases of each local-
ity, with the local remedies and practice — classifying and
detining the effects of locality, soil, climate, food, &c. ; the
diseases nf the North and South, of the sea-coast, the inte-
riiir, and tbe lake — of mountain and valley, Ac.
He edited for many years, very assiduously and ably, a
AVestern Journal of Medical Science, published periodically
at Cincinnati."
For the above notice we are indebted to Judge James
Hall of Cincinnati, Ohio. See Drake, Benjamin.
An excellent memoir of Dr. Drake, by his friend Edward
D. Mansfield, LL.D., has been issued by Applegate & Co.,
Cincinnati, 1855, 12mo, pp. 408,
Drake, Edw, Cavendish. A Collection of authentic
Voyages and Travels from the best writers, Lon., 1770, fol.
Drake, Sir Francis, 1546-1596. A list of works,
giving an account of the voyages of this eminent navigator,
will be found in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Some of these
were compiled from his own notes, or we should have been
unable to introduce his name, even thus briefly.
Drake, Francis, d. 1770, a surge(.n and antiquary of
York, England. Eboracum, or The History and Antiquity
of the City of York, the Cathedral Church, and Lives of the
Archbps. of that See, from its original to the present time,
Lon., 1736, fol.
" Drake is amonj; the most tnilins of topographers ; but his his-
tory of the City merits tbe ^ratituJe of the townsmen. It is a
folio, teemjne; with text, and full of copper-plate embellishments."
—I>ibdin's \'>rthern T»ur.
A magnificent copy, extensively illustrated, and expanded
to six vols, folio, was sold at Mr. Fauntleroy's sale for
£136 10s. It was purchased by Mr. llurd; subsequently
it fell into the hands of Mr. Henry (ji. Bohn — always on
the lookout for book treasures — and he offered it at the
comparatively low prite of £S0. Drake and Mr. Cjesar
Ward are said to have been tbe sole authors of The Parlia-
mentary or Constitutional History of England, 1751, 2-4
vols. Svo. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1743.
Drake, James, M.D., lfiG7-1707, an eminent political
writer, physician, and anatomist. His principal works are :
Hist, of the Last Parliament, Lon., 1702. Svo. Historia
Anglo-Scotia, 1703, Svo. These two works gave great
offence, (the latter to the Scots,) and were burnt by tbe
hands of the common hangman. Memorial of the Ch. of
England, written in conjunction with Mr. Polly, 170-1, 8vo.
This offended the Queen and Parliament, and great efforts
were made to discover the author. In 1706 he was prose-
cuted for pub. Mercurius Politicus, a newspaper offensive
to the government. Tbe Sham Lawyer, a Comedy. An-
thropologia Nova; or A New System of Anatomy, 17lt7,
2 vols. Svo: posth., pub. by Dr. Wagstaffe, 2d ed., 1717.
Appendix, 172S. This is a work of merit.
" If Dr. Lower h.is lieen so niurh jind so deservedly esteemed for
his solution of the systole of the heart, Dr. Drake, "by at-i-ountiiiK
for the diastole, ought certainly to be allowed his share of reput.v
lion, and to be admitted as a part tier of his lilory." — Dr. Wagstaffe.
Drake, James. Medical Orations", 1742, 4to.
Drake, Joan. Mrs. Drake revived, 1647, 12mo.
Drake, Joseph Kodman, 1795-1820, a native of
New York, began to contribute poetical compositions to the
periodicals at a very early age. The first four of tbe
Croaker Pieces, (pub. in the N. York Evening Post, March
10-20, 1810.) were written by him; after the fourth num-
ber, Fitz-Greene Halleck was admitted as a partner, and
the literary firm was henceforth Croaker & Co. The lively
satire of these sallies gave them a great reputation at the
time of their publication. Drake's longest poem is The
Culprit Fay; his best-known composition, The American
Flag. Their poetical merit is unquestionably of a high
order. In 1836 a collection of Drake's poetical pieces was
pub. by Commodore Dekay, son-in-law of the author.
" The extniordinary mental power and penius of Dr. Drake were
manifested at a very early period; when not over seven years of
age, he had acquired much literary information; and attheajjeof
fourteen he had written many verses of merit, , . . He possessed
great tenacity of recollection and power of quick discrimination.
His thouiihts flowed fjrrarefully. and his power of lam^uage was
prompt. Indeed his peculiarity was that of instantaneous creation;
for thoujiht, ima;^in:ition. truth, and imagery, seemed to combine
and produce their results in u moment." — H. 1*. Wilus.
Drake, Nathan, Vicar of Sheffield from 1695 to 1713.
Semis.. Ifi05. '97, 4to.
Drake, Nathan, M.D., 1766-18.36. a native of York,
England, and a descendant of the preceding, was educated
at the Univtjrsity of Dublin. In 1792 he settled at Ilad-
leigh, Suffolk, where, for the long term of forty-four years,
he ministereil to the health of his patients and the mental
and moral welfare of his race. The following list of his
literary works we extract from the Lon. Gent. Mag.. Aug.,
1836: The Speculator; a Periodical Paper written in con-
junction with Dr. Edward Ash. 1790. 8vo. Puems. 1793,
4to. Literary Hours, 1st ed.. 1798, Svo; 4th ed., 1820, 3
vols. 8vo. Essays illustrative of the Tatler, Spectator, and
Guardian, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1812. Essays illus-
trative of the Rambler, Adventurer, Idler, and other pe-
riodical papers to the year 1809, 2 vols. Svo. The Gleaner ;
a series of Periodical Essays selected from authors not in-
cluded in the British Essayists, 1811, 4 vols. Svo. Shak-
speare and his Times, 1817, 2 vols. 4to. Winter Kights,
1820, 2 vols. Svo. Evenings in Autumn, 1822, 2 vols. Svo.
Noontide Leisure, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. Mornings in Spring,
1828, 2 vols., Svo. We regret that wo have not space to
enlarge upon the merits of Dr. Drake's invaluable works.
They have done much to stimulate a taste for useful and
elegant literature. In addition to the publications named
above, he pub. a number of professional treatit^es, and left
in IMS. A Selected Version of the Psalms, with copious
Notes and Illustrations.
We have been surprised and mortified to notice the
shameful ignorance prevailing in America respecting the
publications of this eminent writer. We rememl)er on one
occasion listening to an hour's dissertation on Shakspeare,
from a well-known public lecturer, who confessed, when
we recommended to him the study of Drake's Shakspeare
and his Times, that he had never heard of such a book!
Yet that high authority, Archdeacon Nares, thus commends
this invaluable storehouse of Shakspoarean information:
" No work has hitherto appeared, and we may venture almost tO
pronounce that none can in future be produced, in which so much
of afj;reeable and weU-dij;ested information on this subject will be
found, as in this masterly production of Dr. Drake. . . . Hmayba
considered as a magnificent temple, dedicated to the genius of
Shakspeare. . . . Its publication will form an epocha in the Shak-
spearean history of this country. So abundant is the light thrown
by it upon the singularly interesting period in which the poet lived,
tiiat not only every admirer of his wiitings, but every person who
is curious on the subjects of our literature, manners, customs, and
their history, must occasionally resort to it for information." Kead
the whole ofthis interesting review in Lon. Gent. Mag., 88, Pt. 2: p.
241, .'i:j4.
We must find room for one or two opinions upon this
literary benefactor of his age:
" In 1S03 I got a bright new book, fresh from the press in those
days, on which I still reflect with pleasure; namely, Drake's Lite-
rary Hours. It became my favourite companion for years after-
ward, and it was this work, more than all others, which at that
early age fixed my affections on literary pursuits." — GtUies's Lit^
rary Vderan.
"If 1 were called to name the writer in the lighter walks of Eng-
lish literature, who. by his essays and ingenious illustrations of
our standard authors, is most calculated to retine the taste and to
excite an ardent thirst for reading and literary pursuits, I should
name Dr. Nathan Drake." — Clevelin(rs Eng. Lit. of the Nineip-enth
Century.
Drake's works should have years ago been republished
in America.
Drake, R, Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1758, Svo.
*' A work of no merit, being little more than a quack advertlse-
ment."~Z)r. Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Drake, Rev» Roger, Vindicioe, Ac., Lon., 1641, 4to.
Sacred Chronology, 1648, Svo. Holy Mount, 1653, 12mo.
The Sacrament. 1656, Svo.
Drake, Roger, D.D. Serms., 1676. '77-
Drake, Samuel, D-D. Serms., &c.. 1670-1724. New
cd. of Archbp. Parker's De Antiquitate Britannicai Eccle-
sia-. 1729. fol.
Drake, Samuel G., b. 1798, in New Hampshire, au-
thor and bookseller, was the first to establish an Antiqua-
rian Bookstore in the U. S.. (Boston, 1S28.) Hist, of Indian
Wars, 1S25. 12mo. Indian Biography. 18;)2. 12mo. Book
of the Indians, 18-33. New cd., enlarged, 1852, Svo. Old
Indian Chronicle, 1836, ISmo. New Eng. Hist, and Gen.
Regr., 8 vols. Svo. Hist, and Antiquities of Boston, 1855,
pp. 768. Contrib. to numerous periodicals.
*The Book of the Indians is a work of high authority for facts.'*
Drake, Rev. VV. Antiquarian papers in Archseol.,
1777, '79, '89.
Drake, Sir Wm. Speech in Pari., Lon., 1641, 4to.
Drake, Wm. Serm.. York, 1745, Svo.
Drake, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and educational works,
Lon., 1847-53.
Dralloc, John. See Collard, John.
fil9
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Dransficld, Wm. Short Scrms. for Families and
Villages, Lon., 1824-33, 3 vols. 12mo; many eds.
"The sentiments Mre strictly scriptural and eTaii^elical, ex-
pressed in a clear and perspicuous st.>Ie. and tlie suljects of
whicii they treat of the greatest importalice."— iwi. C<m(jvg- M^^o-
Guide to the Choice of Books, 12mo. Family Worship,
6th ed., lS4f<. p. 8vo.
Drant, Thomas, D.D., d. about 1578? a divine of
some celebrity — "better known as the first English metri-
cal translator of Horace in 1567, a work of excessive rarity
when found in a perfect state," {Dibdin) — was a zealous
opponent of Popery. See a notice of, and e.xtracts iVom,
his Three godly and learned Sermons, 15.84, Svo. in Dib-
din's Library Companion. He pub. several other original
works and translations.
''Drant is equally bold and fiimiliar with Latimer — but more
quaint, with frreater affectation nf learning and with less warmth
of eloquence ttian Fo-\." See Tanner; Phillips's Theatrum Poeta-
rum ; ^\'arton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry ; Brit. Uibliographer.
Drant, Thomas. Serms., 1637.
Draper, Charles. Fables, Lon., 1761, 12mo.
Draper, I,t. Col. E. A. Address to the Public in
the case of lirig. Gen. Pictun, Ac, 1806.
Draper, Henry. Lectures on the Liturgy, Lon., 1806,
8to; on the Collects, 1813, '14. 3 vols. Svo.
" A perspicuous, sensible, evangelical exposition." — Lwi. Eclectic
Jteview.
" Contains no small portion of the jargon of the conventicle." —
Lon. Critical i?cci>iy.
Draper, John Wra., b. 1811, near Liverpool, Eng-
land; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1836;
Prof, of Chemistry in the Univers'ity of N. York, 1S39: has
pub. many valuable treatises on chemistry, physiology, and
mixed mathematics. Some of his memoirs on the chemical
action of light have been trans, in France, (jcrmany. and
Italy. Human Physiology. Statical and Dynamical ; or.
The Conditions and Course of the Life of Man : being
the Text of the Lectures delivered in the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of New York ; illustrated liy nearly
300 fine wood-cuts from photographs; new ed., N. Y'ork,
1858, Svo, 650 p.agcs.
"Stands first of our physiological tre-atises." — Lnn. ^fM. Times.
" Deserves to be in the Ubrary of every student of pliysioiogy."
— Lott. AUten.
Draper, Lyman C, b. 1S15, near Buffalo, N. Y'ork.
Since 1833 he has been actively engaged in collecting facts
relating to the History and Biography of the Western
States of the U.S., and the result of his researches present
perhaps the most valuable collection of material for a
series of border-biographies ever made. Such a series is
now (1858) in course of preparation by Mr. D.. assisted
by Benson .T. Lossing. Esq. He edited with ability vols.
i., ii., and iii. of the Hist. Soc. of Wiscousin Collection.
Draper, W. H. The Morning Walk and other Poems,
Lon., 1751, Svo.
Draper, Sir Wm., Lt. Genl. and K. B., 1721-1 7S7,Lt.
Govr. of Minorca, 1779, visited America in 17611, in which
year he married Miss De Lancey, daughter of the Chief
Justice of New Y'ork. This lady died in 1778, leaving a
daughter, born 1773.
Sir Wm. is best known by his controversy with Junius,
an account of which will be found in Woodfall's edit, of
Junius's Letters, Lon., 1812. Answer to the Spanish Ar-
guments, Lon., 1764, Svo. Observs. on Murray's Defence,
1783, 4to.
Draper, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo. 20 Serms.,
1796, Svo.
"They are written in plain and easy langu.ige, and are well
adapted to the abilities of country congre;:ations.'
Reading Lessons for Chiblren. Pts. 1 and 2, IS12, Svo.
Drapes, Edward. Theolog. treatises, 164(i-49. 4to.
Draxe, Thomas. Theolog. works, Ac, Lon., 1608-16.
Dray, Thomas. Chronic Diseases, 1772, Svo.
Drayton, J. U. Poems, 1813, 12mo.
Drayton, John, d. 1822, aged 60. Governor of S. Caro-
lina, 1800-02, and 1808-10, and U. States District Judge,
pub. the historical mnti/rivl collected by his father under
the title of Memoirs of the American Revolution from its
commencement to 1776, inclusive, as relating to the State
of S. Carolina, Ac., 1821, 2 vols. Svo. He had previously
pnb. View of S. Carolina, 1802, Svo.
Drayton, Michael, 1563-1631. a nativeof Hartshill,
Warwickshire, is said to have studied for some time at Ox-
ford: this has been questioned, but we think that the tes-
timony of f+ir Aston Cokain confirms the statement. For
his education he appears to have been indebted to Sir
Henry Goodere. and among his most eminent patrons
were the Countess of Bedford, and Sir Walter Aston. To
the hospitality of the latter he refers, when complaining
620
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of his want of success in gaining the smiles of the court
upon the accession of James I. :
"I have neglected my papers [the Polv Olbion] sometimes two
years together, finding the times since his majesty's happy coming
in, to fall so heavily upon my distressed fortunes, after my zealous
soul had laboured so longiii that which.withthogeneral happiness
of the kingdom seemed not then impossiljle somewhat also to have
advanced uie. But I inst.antly saw all my long-nourished hnpe.s
even buried alive before my face: so uncertain in this world be
the end of our dearest endeavours! And whatever is herein that
tastes of a free spirit, I thanUfulIv confess to proceed from the con-
tinued bounty of my truly noble friend Sir Walter Aston; which
hath given me the best of those hours, whose leisure hath effected
this which now I publish."
He takes care that the name of his benefactor shall never
be forgotten, so long as his own great poem shall be fresh
in men's memory :
"Trent, by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat.
Which oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat."
The Earl of Dorset proved as kind to his age, as Sir Wal-
ter Aston liad to his earlier years, and under the roof of
this generous nobleman he spent his declining days in re-
pose and comfort, beloved by his associates, and admired
by his countrymen at large.
In 1593 he pub. a collection of pastoral pieces under
the title of Idea : the Shepherd's Garland, fashioned in 9
Eglogs, Ac, 4to. Reprinted as Pastorals, Ac, with the
Man in the Moon. Ac, 1619, fol. A few years later he
gave to the world the Barrens' Warres, 4to, (some copies
dated 1596,) aud England's Heroical Epistles, 1598, Svo.
The Dowulall of Robert of Normandy, Matilda, and Ga-
veston were also written before 1598. In 1613, fob, ap-
peared the first of his principal work The Poly-Olbion,
containing IS songs. This was reprinted in 1622 with the
additi.rn of 12 songs, making 30 songs in the whole, or
30,000 lines, written in Alexandrian couplets! This folio
is adorned with 30 maps. In 1627 he pub. The Battaile
of Agincourt, Nymphidia, The Court of Fayrie, The Moon
Calf, Elegies, Ac, fob, and in 1630 he pub. The Muses Eli-
zium, 4to. Many of his smaller poetical pieces were issued
separately, as his Holy Himues, Moyscs, The Owl, Ac.
Collective editions of his poems were pub. in 1605, Svo;
1609, fob; 1610, Svo; 1613, Svo; 1619, fob; 1630, Svo;
1637, 12mo. Works, 1748, fol; 1752, 4 vols. Svo. See par-
ticulars of editions of his separate and collected works in
Lowndes's Bihl. Man.
Among the most admired of his compositions, with the
exception of his princip.al performance, seem to h.ave been
the Heroical Epistles. They are now held in light estima-
tion, but the Nymphidia can never become obsolete until
the spirit of true poetry shall have lost its charms. In
1814 (r. Svo) Sir S. Egerton Brydges reprinted 100 copies
at the Lee Priory Press.
Burton, the antiquary of Leicestershire, his "near coun-
tryman and old .acquaintance," considers that the name of
Drayton alone exalted the poetical eminence of England to
an equality with Italy itself!
"Though those Trans.alpines account us Tramontani rude and
barbarous, holding our brains so frozen, dull, and barren, that they
can affoi-d no inventiinis or conceits, yet may he [Drayton] compare
either with their old Dante, Petrarch, or Boccace, or Neoteric Mari-
nella. Pignatello. or Stigliano. But why should I go about to com-
mend him whom his own works and worthiness have suiBciently
extolled to the world?" — Descnptirm of Lrict^sUrshire.
Drayton was not entirely neglected in the generation
stlcceeding his own :
"The Panms' Wars contains several pas.sages of considerabl#
beauty, which men of greater renown, especially Milton, who
availed hinisi'lf largely of all the poetry of the preceding age, have
been « illiiig to imitate." — I/allam's Intrnduc. to Lit. Hist.
His principal performance. The Poly-Olbion, is indeed
a most singular production. Imagine a poet gravely pro-
posing as the subject of his muse — A Chorographical de-
scription of all the tracts, rivers, mountains, forests, and
other parts of this renowned Isle of Great Britain ; with
intermixture of the most remarkable stories, antiquities
wonders, Ac. of the same.
None but a great poet could have made such a subject
attractive, and none but a thorough philologist could have
forced poetry to perform so well the office of prose. Bishop
Nicolson greatly prefers the first portion to its successor:
"The first eighteen of these songs had the honour to be pub-
lished with Mr. Selden's notes; the other twelve being hardly ca-
pable of such a respect." — Engliiih Hist. Lib.
It was indeed no small advantage to the poet to have so
distinguished an annotator.
" Drayton was honoured by a commentator who must have given
fame to any writer. If .Selden's taste was equal to his learning,
Drayton is indeed most highly distinguished." — Dr. Vicennuit
Knox's £sstJ!/s.
Headley remarks:
" llis Poly-Olbion is one of the most singular works this country
DRA
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has produced, and seems to me eminently oi-ij;inal. The informa-
tion Lontaiut'd ill it is in gtneral so acute, that he is quoted as an
authority both by Ilearne and Wood. His pfrpetual allusions to
obsolete traditions, remote events, remarkable facts and person-
ages. togethiT with his curious ffenealojiies <if rivers, and his taste
for natural history, have contributed to render his work very valu-
able to the antiquary." — S^:lect Btaiifiis of Ancient Bnglish Ibetiy.
"His i'oly-Oliiion is ceitjunly a wonderful work, exhibiting at
once the learning of an historian, an antiijuary. a naturalist, and
a geographer, and embellished by the imagination of a poet." —
Ellis's Specimens of the Karly English Pfels.
Bp. Nicolson commends the accuracy ofThe Polj-Olbion:
" It aftords a mut-h truer account of this kingdom, and the do-
minion of Wales, than could well be expected from the pen of a
poet." — English Hist. Lib.
" Drayton is a sweet poet, and Selden's notes to the earlier part
of the Poly-Olbion are well worth your perusii!. . . . Yet there are
instances of sublimity ia Drayton." — C'lLtiniPdE.
'■ Theie is probably no poem of this kind in any other language,
comparablt- together in extent and excellence to the l'oly-<flliion ;
nor can any uue read a portion of it wifhuut adniiraiinn for its
learned and highly-gifted author. Yet perhaps no Knglish pot'in,
known as well by name, is so little known beyond its name; for
while its immense length deters the commnn render, it. allnrds. as
has just been hinted, no great harvest for selection, and would be
judged vei-y unfairly by partial extracts. It must be owned also,
that geographical antiquities may. in modern times, tn' taiiiht bet-
ter in prose than in verse; yet whoever consults the I'l.lv-iiltiion
for such objects will probably be repaid by petty knowlidge whith
he mav not have found anywhere else." — HiUam's Jnlroduc. to
Lit. Hist. See also Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetrv; Biog. Brit.;
Censura Literaria: Brydges's Imaginative Biog.; Disraeli's Ameni-
ties of Lit.; Drake's ;>haksp. and his Times; i'hillips's Theatrum
Poet arum.
One of the raost poetical tributes oflFered to Drayton's
muse, is that of Dr. Jas. KirkpatricU :
'•Dravton, sweet ancient Bard, bis Albion ."^ung,
^\'ith their own praise her echoing Valleys rung;
His bounding Muse o'er ev'ry mountain rode,
And ev'ry river warbled where he ticw'd."
Sea-Fifce, canto ii.
Dra>^on, Thomas, D.D. The Promises, Lon., 1657.
Drayton, Chief Justice Wm. Henry, 1742-1779,
one of the principal promoters of American independence,
and President of the Provincial Conpress, died suddenly
in Philadelphia, while attending to his duties as a member
of Congress. He compiled a History of the American Re-
volution, &c., which was pub. by his son. See Drayton,
JOHK. His descendants now living amply sustain the
honour of the family. See Ramsay's Hist, of the Revolu-
tion in S. Carolina, 1785, 2 vols. 8vo.
Drebel, Cornelius, 1572-16.34. a native of Holland,
died in London, where he distinguished himself by his
knowledge of natural philosophy. The principal of his
works is entitled De Natura Elementorum, Hjimb.,1621,8vo.
Drelingcoiirt, P. Speech, Dubl., 16s2, 4to.
Drennan, Wm., M.D. A Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam,
and two tu Wm. Pitt, 1795, '99.
Dreu', Edward. Serm., Lon., 1803, Svo.
Drew, G, S. 8 Serms., Lon., 1845, 8vo ; 1849.
**The composition i.s clear and forcible; the sentiments are evan-
gelical: and the tendency of each discourse is to enlighten and
impress." — Lon. Biblical /I'er,
Serm., 1849, Svo. Evening Classes for Young Men; 2
Lect., 1852, 12mo.
Drew,John. A.ldre?s,1649; Plea, 1651 ; botbtheolog.
Drew, John. Manual of Astronomy, Lon., 1845, r.
18mo; 2d ed., 1853. 12mo.
Drew,Rich. A Balance Level.Nic.Jour.,1 SOS. The So-
ciety of Arts voted Mr. Drew ten guineas for this invention.
Drew> Robert. Serms., 1725, '35, 8vo.
Drew, Samuel, 1765-1S.33, ashoemaker of Cornwall,
a converted infidel, became editor of The Imperial Maga-
zine. Remarks on Paine's Age of Reason. 179S, 1803,
.'20. The Immateriality and Immortality of the Human
Soul, 1802, Svo ; 8th ed., 1848, 12mo. Trans, into French.
*'This work on the soul is truly VFonderfiil. aud nothing like it
was ever published."— P/Y'/. Kidd, in a Letter (o J. H Dreu'.
"His masterpiece of metaphysical argument is contained in his
Essay on the .Soul, from which he has been styled The English
Plato." — Lftn. Chrtstian Remembranar.
Life of Dr. Coke, 2 vols. Identity and General Resur-
rection of the Human Body, 1809, Svo. Being and Attri-
butes of God, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. Remains, Sermons, Ac,
edited by his son, Svo. Life of, by his son, Svo.
"Incident, anecdote, or sentiment, is in every page; and the
piety, notenthusiasm.butrelisiious philosophy, that runs through-
out, gives a charm to the whole." — Lmi. Chris. Attvornte.
Drew, Wm. Fontanieu's Art of making coloured
crystals to imitate Precious Stones, Lon., 1789, Svo.
Drew, Wm. A., b. 1798. in Massachusetts, an agri-
cultural writer. Glimpses and Gatherings during the
Great London Exhibition of 1851, 12mo. pp. 404. Con-
trib. to various religious and agricultural journals.
Drewe, Major Edward, of 35th Regt. Military
Sketches, 1784, 8vo.
Drewitt, Thomas. Theolog, treatises. 1799, 1801.
Drewry,C.S. Patent Law, Lon.. 1838, 8vo. Injunc-
tions. 1841, 8vo; Supp., 1849. New ed., with Supp., 1849.
Drinker, Anna, a native of Pennsylvania, better
known by the n<>ni de plume of Edith May. has attained
considerable distinction as a poetess. Her contributions
to the Home Journal were highly commended by N. V,
Willis. Poetical Works, 1851, Svo; 2d ed.. 1854.
*' Her dramatic power, observation of life, imagination, fancy,
and the tasy and natural flow of her ver.se. which is nowhere
marred by any blemish of imperfect taste, entitle this very youth-
ful poet to a place in the common estimation inferior to none occu-
pied by writers of her years. And there are scattered through her
poems gleams of an intelligence which they do not fully disclose,
and felicities of expression betraying latent power greater than is
excited, so that we are not authorized to receive what she has ac-
complished, brilliant as it is. as a demonstration of the entire cha-
racter and force of her laculties." — Griswold's Female Fi)fts of
Anurica, 1S53.
Tales and Poems for Children, 1855, 12mo.
Drinkwater, John, Capt. 72d Regt. Hist, of the
late siege of Giliraltar, with a Description and Account of
that Garrison from the earliest Periods, Lon., 1785, 4to;
new ed., 1844, p. Svo.
" A book so replete with interest and information, as to be truly
a legend of the United Services of the day." — Unii'd Service Mag.
" One of the most interestin r and instructive military histories
in our language. No officer should be without a copy." — Naval
ami MihUiry Guz.
Drisler, Henry, b. 1S18, on Staten Island, New
York; graduated at Columbia College, New York City,
1889; appointed Tutor in Ancient Languages in the same
institution, 1S43; Adjunct Professor. 184.3^ and Professor
of Latin, 1847. Assisted Professor Anthon in several of
his classical works; re-edited, with considerable additions,
Liddell and Scott's edition of Porson's Greek Lexicon,
New York. 1851-52. 8vo. The sale of this invaluable
lexicon reached 25.000 copies in two years after publica-
tion^ (1851-53.) Had in press a greatly-enlarged edition
of Yonge's Engli.'^h-Greek Lexicon, which was destroyed
by fire. It is now (1858) being re-stereotyped. Professor
Drisler has in a forward state of preparation a Greek-and-
English Lexicon for the use of schools.
Driver, Abr. and Wm. Agricult. of Hants, 1794.
"It claims no particular nntioe." — Donaldson's JgiHcult. Biog.
Driver, Wm. See Driver, Abr.
Drope, Francis. Short and .sure guide in the prac-
tice of raising and ordering Fruit Trees, Oxf., 1672, 8vo.
Drope, John. Hymenaean Essay. Oxf., Ifi22.
Drought, Rev. Robert. Anacreon, with trans, &c.
by the Kev. Ilercules Younge. 1802. 12mo.
Dronville, J. B. Lancers, ISll, 4io.
Druery. J. II. Great Yarmouth, 1826, Svo.
Druitt, Robert. Church Music. Lon., 1845, Svo.
Druitt, Robert* Difl5eult Subjects in Anatomy and
Surgery, 2d ed., Lon., 1846, '48. Surgeon's Vade Mecum,
6th ed., 1853, 12mo. Principles and Practice of Minor
Surgery. New Amer. ed., by F. W. Sargent, M.D., author
of Modern Surgery, Ac., Phila., Svo.
"An unsurpassable compendium, not only of surgical, hut of
medical, practice." — Lon. Aled. Gaz.
"It is a useful handbook for the practitioner, and we should deem
a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not recommend it to his
pupils. In our own opinion, it is admirably adapted to the wants
of the student.'* — Provincial Mfdical and Surgical Journal.
Drummond, (in association with Bromley.) Obi; or
the Hi.^tory of Three-fingered Jack, 1800.
Drnnimond, Dr. Abernethy. Appendix to the
Church Catechism, Lon., 1759, Svo.
Drummond, Alex. Travels, Lon., 1754, fol.
Drummoud, Alex. M. Febribus, Edin., 1770, Svo.
Drummond, Rev. D. T. K, Corresp. between, and
Bp. Tcrrut, Edin., 1842, Svo. Episcopacy in Scot., 1845.
Other works.
Drummond, Edward. Voyage up the Gambia
See Moore's Travels, p. 175.
Drummond, E. A. H., D.D.. 175S-1S30. Serm.,
1792, 4to. Catcchet. Ques. prior to Confirmation, Lon.,
1813, Svo; 1818.
Drummond, George H. Theolog. works, Ac, 1790-
1804.
Drummond, Mrs. H. Theolog. works, Edin., 1845,
8yo.
Drummond, Henry. Dialogues of Prophecy, 1827-
29, 3 vols. Svo. Defence of the Students of Prophecy,
Lon., 1828, Svo. Social Duties, or Christian Principles,
1839, sm. Svo. Revealed Religion, 1845. 8vo.
"Contains many striking passaj^es of great power, depth, and
truth."— ^/;/7/(.v// Churchman.
Drummond, Henry H. Obs. on Edin. Rev., 1810.
Drummoud, James L,, M.D. Letters to a Young
521
DRU
Naturalist on the Study of Nature and Natural Theoloffv.
Lon., 1832, 12mo. ^■'
" Happily calculated to generate in a joung mind, to sustain in
the^matured, and to renovate in the old, an ardent loTe of naturo
under all her forms." — Lrm. Monthly Iteview.
First steps to Botany, 18K5, 12mo.
" Adapted to make the study at once attractive and imprOTing
in a high degree." — Lon. Eclectic Iteview.
First Steps to Anatomy, 1845, fp. 8vo.
"The work of a master throwing off the results of his own
Knowledge." — Lon. Spectator.
On Natural Systems of Botany, 1845, 12mo.
Drummoiid, Lord John. His Case, 1715. 8vo.
Druinmond, John. Case of A. Oswal.l, 1715, 8to.
Drnmnioiid, John, M.D. E.i. Med. Ess., 1731.
Drummond, John. Grammar, 1767.
Drummoud, Dr. R. Grammatical Illustrations,
Bombay, 1S08. fol.
Drumniond, Robert Hay, 1711-1776, son of the
Earl of Kinnoul, educated at Christ Church. Oxford, Bishop
of St. Asaph. 1748 ; trans, to S.ilisbury, 1761 ; Archbishop
of York, 1761. Serms., a Letter on Theological Study,
and'Mcmoirs of his Life, by his son, George H.ay Drum-
mond, Kdin., 1803, 8vo. These sermons had before been
pub. separately.
Drummoud, T. Med. Com., 1789-9.S.
Drummond, T. Theolog. treatises, 1805-09.
Drummoud, T. Theolog. letters, 1812, 12mo.
Drummond, T. B, Forms of Proceedings, ic, 1826.
Drummoud, Thoma.s. Poems, 1756, 8vo.
Drummoud, William, of Hawthornden, 1585-1649,
is distinguished as the first Scottish poet who wrote well in
English. He was the son of Sir .John Drummond. was
educated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied civil
law in France ; but upon the death of his father retired to
his beautiful seat at Hawthornden. one of the loveliest
spots in the world. Here it was that Ben Jonson paid
him his memorable visit in 1619. Poems. Edin., 1616, 4to.
Other edits, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Cypress Grove, a
moral treatise in prose. Flowers of Zion, or Spiritual
Poems, 1623, '30, 4to. Hist, of Scotland, 1423-1542, Lon.,
1655, fol. ; 1681, 8vo. Memorials of State, Familiar Epis-
tles, Cypress Grove, ic, 1681, Svo. Polemo Middinia,
Oxf , 1691, 4to. The first macaronic poem by a native of
Great Britain. Works, Edin., 1711, fol.; 1791, sm. Svo.
New edit, with Life by Peter Cunningham, 1833, 12mo.
Among the most admired of Drummond's compositions are
The River of Forth Feasting, On Spring, To the Nightin-
gale, The Praise of a Solitary Life, To his Lute, and Tears
on the Death of Moeliades.
The Forth Feasting is designed to compliment King
James II. on his visit to Scotland in 1617.
" It attracted the envy as well as the praise of Ben .Tonson, is
superior in harmony of numbers to anv of the compositions of the
contemporary poets of Scotland, and in its subjects one of the most
elegant panegyrics ever addressed by a poet to a prince."— LoRB
>VooDHousELEE: LifenfKamu.
"Bruumionds sonnets, I think, come as near as almost any
others to the perfection of this kind of writing, which should em-
body a sentiment, and every shade of a sentiment, as it varies with
time and place and humour, with the extravagance or lightness of
a momentary impression," — II.^zlitt.
"The sonnets of Drummond of Hawthornden. the most cele-
brated in that class of poets, have obtained probably as much praise
as they deserve. lint tbey are pcilisbed and elegant, free fiom con-
ceit and bad taste, in pure unblemished English; some are )iatlielic
or tender in sentiment, .and If th.-v do not show much ori-inalitv.
at least would have ac.|uired a fair place among the lUllans of the
sixteenth century."— H.11J.AM : Introduc. to Lit. Hint.
As a prose writer, though not without great merit, Drum-
mond is not so much admired as in the more congenial walks
of poetry. Yet who can linger over the solemn cadence of
the Cypress Grove, as the mor,alist argues against unrea-
sonable fears of the "last enemy," without l)eing continu-
ally reminded of that rare old master of impressive thought
and eloquent language — the wise Leech of Norwich, Sir
Thomas Browne?
Drummond, Sir William, d. 1828. Govt, of Sparta
and Athens, Lon., 1794. r. Svo. Trans, of the Satires of
Persius, 1798,8vo. Acad. Questions, ISOo, 4to, vol. i. Her-
eulanensia, 1810, 4to ; in conjunction with R. Walpole, Esq.
Punic Inscrip., 1811, r. 4to. (Edipus Judaieus, 1811, 8vo.
"The learned tiaronet gravely maintainsthat the whole Old Tes-
tament is allegorical: and that a great, if not the leading, object
of it, is to teach a correct system of astronomy."— Orme's BM. Bib.
This curious work was answered by Drs. D'Oyly, Town-
send, and in the Lon. Quart. Rev., ix. 329. Odin, part 1,
1817, r. 4to. Origines, or remarks on the origin of Em-
pires, States, and Cities, 1824-29, 4 vols. Svo.
"Every reader of these pages cannot hesitate to attribute to him
the most patient industry of antiiiuarian research, and the appli-
DKT
cation of graat learning and skill to the varied difficulties of his
undertaking." — Bi'itisit Ct-itic.
Drummond, William H., D.D. Battle of Trafal-
gar; a Poem, 1S06, 12mo. Trans, of Lucretius, 1809, cr.
Svo. Giant's Causeway; a Poem, 1812, Svo,
Drnry. Resurrection, 1812, Svo.
Drury, Anna Harriet. Annesley and other Poems,
Lon., 1847, fp. Svo.
" We at once and unhesitatingly couple her name with the fa-
mous names of l.ioldsmith and Crabbe."— ion. Littrary Gaz.
Friends and Fortunes; a Moral Tale, 1849, 12mo; 2ded.,
1853. The Inn by the Seaside, 1852, fp. Svo. Light and
Shade, 1852. 12nio.
Drury, Charles. Farmers' Discovery in Agriculture,
Lon., 1810, Svo; enlarged, 1815, Svo.
" .4 person of fruitful ideas, but punv and meagre, and had not
a large grasp of original conception."— flonu/dsoirs Agricult. Bii.g.
Drury, Drew. Illustrations of Natunal History, Lon.,
1770, '73, '82, 3 vols. 4to, £7 17», 6(/., plain; £15 15«., co-
loured. Highly commended by Linnajus, Fabricius, and
others.
" Opus entomologicus splendidissimus." — Rev. Wm. Kiebv.
"A most beautiful and valuable work on entomology.''— Ha-
WORTH.
New ed., entitled Hlustrations of Foreign Entomology,
edited by J. 0. Westwood, 1S37, 3 vols. 4to, £6 16s. 6rf. ;
nearly 700 figures, engraved by Moses Harris.
" The exquisite work of Drury displavs the complete insect in a
degree of perfection that leaves nothing to be desired."— Sir James
EnwARD Smith. Pres. of the Linnaan Ubiety.
" A'ery accurate and excellent flgures."- Swainson's Zoological
Itlustrations.
"Drnry's work has not been surpassed in beauty and accuracy
of execution by any of the sumptuous efforts of the present day '"
— Encyc. Brit.: Art. EnUmolagy.
" A few years ago, a new edition, with impressions from the ori-
ginal plates, was published under the editorial care of Mr. West-
wood, by Mr. Henry liohn, the bookseller. It is not easy to speak
of this edition in terms of too high commendation." — Sir 'Wiluam
Japi<ine.
Drury, Edward. Office of a Bishop, 1709.
Drury, Capt. O'Brien, B.N. Observations on Mag-
netic Fluid; Trans. R. Irish Aoad.. 17S8.
Drury, Robert. Madagasc.ir; or Robert Drury's
Journal during 15 Years Captivity there. Lon., 1722, Svo.
" The most authentir- .iccount of that country that has ever itxr
pe^n-i."— Will's B,t/l. Brit.
Drury, W. B. Report.", 1838, '39, Duhl., 1840, Svo,
and F. W. Walsh ; Reports Irish Ch.anccry, 1839^2, 2 vols.
Svo, and R. E. Warren, ditto, 184], 4 vols. Svo.
Drury, Wm., teacher of Poetry and Rhetoric in the
English College of Douay in the 17th century. Dramma-
tica Poeniat.a, Douay, 1628, Svo; 1658, 12mo.
Dryander, Jonas, 1748-1810, a Swedish naturalist,
resided for many years in London, where, at the time of
bis death, he was Vice Pres. of the Linn.'ean Society, of
which he was one of the principal founders. He wrote
several botanical treatises, edited some works of a similar
character.and drew up Catalogus BibliotheciE Historico-Na-
tunilis Joseph! Banks, Baroneti, 5 vols. Svo, Londini, 1798.
"An excellent and admirably arranged catalogue; the most
comprehensive of the kind ever published. It contains a collation
of all the articles in the library, and is illustrated with much cu-
rious and important iiiforniation." — bowNOF.s.
Dryeh, Theophilus Evans. Y Prif Oesoedd yn
Ddwy R.an. Argrapliwyd. 1716, Svo, Concerning Wales.
Dryden, Charles, drowned 1704, whilst attempting
to swim across the Thames, near Datchett, was the eldest
son of the great poet. He was educated at Westminster
and King's College, Cambridge. A few Latin and English
fugitive poems comprise his contributions to the literature
of his country.
Dryden, John,b. Aug, 9, 1631, d. May 1, 1700, a na-
tive of .Aldwiuckle. Northamptonshire, was a son of Eras-
mus Driden, fthe poet preferred the substitution of y,) a
rigid Puritan, of an ancient family of great respectability
in Northamptonshire. The grandfather of the poet. Sir
Erasmus Driden, was created a knight by James I. He
had the good fortune to he placed at Westminster School,
under the tutorship of the famous Dr. Busby, the stimulat-
ing properties of whose classic rod are well known to fame.
Whilst there he translated the third Satire of Persius, and
wrote an elegy on the death of Lord Hastings. In 1650
he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge, where ho
took the degree of B.A. in January, 1653-54; in 1657 he
was m.ade A,M. by a dispensation from the Archbishop of
Canterbury. In the same year he removed to London,
where he obtained employment as secretary to a relative.
Sir Gilbert Pickering. At this time he was a great admirer
of Oliver Cromwell, and on his death in 1658 Dryden com-
memorated the event in his Heroic Stanzas on the late Lord
Protector. He dried his tears, however, in time to enable
DRY
him to welcome a new sovereign in Astrse Redux, a Poem
on the Restoration, 1060. This was followed by A Pane-
gyrick to his saered Majesty, King Charles II., on bis Co-
ronntion, 1661. In 1662 he produced his first play, The
Wild Gallant, which does not seem to have impressed the
public very favourably. Not discouraged, however, he
soon afterwards gave to the world The Rival Ladies, and
The Indian Emperor. The last made hitn famous; but,
alas, it made him also a married man ! It was written in
conjunction with Sir Robert Howard, through whose means
he became aci|uainted with Lady Elizabeth, eldest daughter
of the Earl of Berkshire. Poets of course must make love
to such of the opposite se.f as they happen to encounter;
here was the daughter of an earl, evidently, too, not ill
pleased with his respectful homage. In an evil day he
wooed and won. The parties soon discovered that they
were totally unsuited to e.ach other; so her ladyship railed,
and the poet revenged himself by
" Vendiiii; such t-itlt-rsarcasnis against the matrimonial state as
too plainly bore evidence to his domestip misery."
In 1667 appeared Annus Mirabilis, the Year of Wonders,
being an account of the events of 1666. Here wo have
such matters noted down as the Great Fire, the Dutch W.ar,
Ac. Nonebutagreat poetical genius could have triumphed
over the prosaic impediiuents to success in a piece of this
character. The following verses, describing the unhappy
condition of those London citizens whose houses h.ad been
destroyed by the fire, and those who were spending their
last night under their loved roofs, are truly graphic:
"Those who have homes, when home they do repair.
To a last lodging call their wandering friends;
Their short uneasy sleeps are broke with care.
To look how near their own destruction comes.
Those who have none, sit round where once it was,
And with full eyes each wonted room reijuire:
Haunting the yet warm ashes of the place,
As murder'd men walk where they did expire."
Dryden's was now a great name with the wits, and in
1668 he succeeded Sir William Davenant as poet-laureate.
His excellent essay upon Dramatic Poetry, published in the
same year, proved that the author was not unworthy of his
new honours. But we are sorry to add, that as a dramatic
author he displays — indeed ostentatiously obtrudes — faults
of the gravest character. No writer seems to be fonder of
what is unholy, unlovely, and of bad report. The becom-
ing decencies of domestic life, the sanctity of the matri-
monial tie, the respect due to the ministers of the Christian
faith, and the awful consideration of accountability to the
Supreme Being, would be deemed strange matters in Dry-
den's dramatic circles.
"Unhappy DrydenI in all Charles's days.
Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays!" — Pope.
The following is a list of the plays, with their appropri-
ate dates, of which Dryden was sole or joint author :
1. The Wild G.\llant, Comedy, 1662.
2. The Rival Ladies, Tragi-Comedy, 1664.
3. The Indian Emperour, "Tragi-Comedy, 1667.
4. Secret Love; or. The Maiden Qoeen, Tragi-Comedy,
166S.
5. Sir Martin Mar-all, Comedy, 1668.
6. The Tempest, altered by Davenant and Dryden from
Shakspeare, Comedy, 1670.
7. Tyrannick Love; or, The Royal Martyr, Tragedy,
1670.
8. An Evenixo's Lote; or. The Mock Astrologer, Co-
medy, 1671.
9. The Conque.st of Granada, Tragedy, 1672.
10. Almanzor AND Almahide; or, The Conquest of Gra-
nada, part 2, 1672.
11. Marriage A-la-mode, Comedy, 1673.
12. The Assignation; or, Love in a Nunnery, Comedy,
1673.
13. Amboyna, Tragedy, 167.3.
14. The State of Innocence and Fall of Man, Opera,
1676.
15. Aurengzebe, Tragedy, 1676.
16. All for Love, Tragedy, 167S.
17. (Edipus, by Dryden and Lee, Tragedy, 1679.
IS. Troilus and Cressida, Tragedy, 1679.
19. The Kind Keeper; or, Mr. LiMBEUHAM,Comedy,1680.
20. The Spanish Tyrant, Tragi-Comedy, 1681.
21. The Duke of Guise, by Dryden and Lee, Tragedy,
1683.
22. Albion and Albanius, Opera, 1685.
23. Don Sebastian, Tragedy. 1690.
24. Amphytrion, Comedy, 1690.
25. Kino Arthur, Opera. 1691.
26. Cleomenes; or, The Spartan Hero, Tragedy, 1692.
27. Love Triumphant, Tragi-Comedy, 1694.
DRY
" lie also brought upon the stage a play of which he only wrota
one scene, called The Slistaken Husband. Comedy, 1675."
See Biog. Dramat. ; and for lists of Dryden's various
publications, tirst editions, Ac, see Watt's Bibl. Brit, and
Biog. Brit. To the latter work, to Johnson's and Scott's
Lives of the pi>et, and to the sources noticed below, w©
must also refer the reader for the details of Dryden's lite-
rary life, his friendships and his quarrels, his successes
and defeats, his trials and his consolations. He was truly
" a man of war from his youth," and his controversies witb
the Buckiughams, Rochesters, Shadwells, and Settles of
the day, present any thing but a flattering picture of the
manners and minor morals of that period. We have al-
ready animadverted upon Dryden's share of culpability in
those abuses of the drama which provoked the righteous
indignation of Jeremy Collier. We were pleased to be
able to record also the acknowledgment and repentance of
the erring dramatist.
That his religious impressions became more lively towards
the close of his life, we have good reason to believe. Shortly
after the accession of King James he became a convert to
the Church of Rome, in whose communion he yielded up
his last breath. His sincerity, indeed, has been much
doubted both by contemporaries and posterity ; but we are
loath to suspect hypocrisy where the other presumption is
at all tenable. Scott is willing to lean on the side of cha-
rity, and the comments of Dr. Johnson exhibit an excellent
specimen of his rare powers of comprehensive yet terse
argumentation :
" That conversion will alwivys be suspected that apparently con-
curs with iuterest. He that never finds his error till it hinders his
progress towards wealth or honour will not be thought to love
truth only for herself. Yet it may easily happen that information
may come at a commodious time; and, as truth and interest are
not bv any fatal necessity at variance, that one may by accident
introduce the other. "When opinions are struggling into popularity,
the arguments Ijy w hkh they are opposed or defended become more
known; and he that changes bis profession would perhaps have
changed it before, with the like opportunities of instruction. 'I'his
was the then slate of Popery ; every artilice was used to show it in
its fairest form; and it must be owned to be a religion of external
appearance sutficiently attractive." — Liff of Drythn.
j The Revolution dissipated the hopes which the polemical
poet had entertained of bettering his embarrassed fortunes;
and when, two years later, he was called to his last account,
he left not enough of the substance for which he bad so
laboriously toiled to carry him in peace to the " house ap-
pointed for all living."
Without crediting the '• wild story" of the drunken brawl
[ and " tumultuary and confused" proceedings which are al-
j leged to have interrupted the funeral cortege and delayed
the solemn services for the departed, there seems no reason
to doubt that the body of the most illustrious Englishman
of the day was obliged to wait for its last asylum until the
completion of a hasty subscription enabled the survivors
to discharge the expenses connected with its interment.
He lies iu Westminster Abbey, between the graves of Chau-
cer and Cowley.
Of the family of the poet, his widow died insane, after
surviving her husband fourteen years. Charles, the eldest
son, was drowned in the Thames, as already mentioned.
John, the second son, died at Rome in 1701. Erasmus
Henry, the third son, died in 1710; he succeeded to the
title of b.aronet, which passed to his uncle, the brother of
the poet, and thence to his grandson. The present repre-
sentative of the family (1855) is Sir Henry Edward Leigh
Dryden, of Canons-Ashby.
It is now proper that we should particularize those pro-
ductions of Dryden, in addition to those already noticed,
which have secured him so high and so permanent a posi-
tion in the repuitlic of English letters. In accordance with
our custom, we shall adduce the opinions of those who by
their own reputation have earned a right to a respectful
hearing when they pronounce upon the merits or demerits
of others. The limited space to which we are necessarily
confined will be a sufficient apology for the paucity and
brevity of our quotations.
Absalom and Achitophel, 1681, (of the 2d part, 1684, all
but 200 lines of Dryden's was written by Nahum Tate.) is
a poetical satire against the party which l)y the manage-
ment of Lord Shaftesbury placed the Duke of Monmouth
at its head. The Duke of Buckingham was the ostensible
author of The Rehearsal, 1671, in which Dryden was ridi-
culed under the name of Bayes. The poet now returned
the compliment by representing Buckingham in the cha^
racterof Zimri, in Absalomand Achitophel. To the second
part, Dryden contributed about 200 lines, in which he in-
troduces Settle and Shadwell under the names of Doeg and
Og. He never cared for disparity of numbers :
DRY
DRY
" Ilis antagnnists came on with infinite zeal and fury, discbarp;-
ing their iU-aiuied blows on every pjde, and exhausted tht-ir
»;trength io Tiolent and ineffectual rage; but tht* keen and tren-
chant blade of Drydeu nevtT makes a thrust in vain, and never
strikes but at a vulnerable point."— Sir Walter Scott.
"Of this poem, in which personal satire was applied to the sup-
port of public principles, and in which therefore every mind was
interested, the reception was eajrer. and the sale so large, that uiy
father, an old bookseller, told nie he had uot known it equalled but
by Sacheverell's trial." — Dh. Joh.nsox.
"The greatest of his satires is Absalntn and Achitophel, that
work in which his powers became fully known to the world, aud
which, as many think, he never suipassed. . . . The spontaneous
ease of expression, the rapid transiti'Jiis. the general elasticity and
movement, have never been excelled.'" — IIallam : Inlroduc. to Lit.
History.
The Medal, a satire against sedition, 1681, may be con-
sidered as a continuation of the preceding. It drew forth
bitter responses, and Shadwell's zeal against the satirist
was rewarded by his becoming the hero of Mac Flecknoe,
pub. in the ensuing year.
In this year, also, he gave to the world Religio Laici,
which professes to be a defence of the Holy Scriptures
against deists, papists, and Presbyterians.
Of a far different character, however, are the dogmas
espoused in The Dialogues of the Hind and Panther, IfiST,
which is a defence of his newly-adopted church against
the Church of England. We need have no doubts of the
result of a controversy between the milk-white Hind — the
Church of Rome— and the Sp-itted Panther— the Church
of England. Its effect, however, was rather to injure than
aid the cause which the p«.ot had so much at heart:
"A fable which exhibits two bensts talkini^ Theology, appears at
once fuUof absurdity ; audit was accordiiv^ly ridiculed in the City
Mouse and Country Mouse, a parody written by Montague, after-
wards Karl «^f Halifax, and Prior, who then gave the first specimen
of his abilities,'" — Dit. .lonNSON.
But Mr. Hnllam defends the poet's rather unusual vehi-
cle for polemical debate:
"The first lines in the Hind and Panther are justly reputed
among the most musical in our language: and perhaps we observe
their rhythm the better because it does not gain much by the sense;
for the allegory and the fable are seen, even in the commencement,
to be awkwardly blended. Yet notwithstanding their evident in-
coherence, which sometimes leads to the verge of absurdity, and
the facility they give to ridicule, I am not sure that Dryden was
wrong in choosing this singular fiction. It was his aim to bring
forward an old argument in as novel a style as he could; a dialogue
between a pi iest and a parson would have made but a dull poem,
even if it had contained some of the CNcellent paragraphs we read
in the Hind and Panther. It is the crrotesqueness and originality
of the fable that gives this poem its peculiar zest, of which no
reader, I conceive, is insen.sible; and it is also by this means that
Dryden has contrived to relieve his reasoning by short but beau-
tiful touches of description, such as the sudden stream of light
from Heaven which announces the concepM'm of .Taniess unfor-
tunate heir, near the end of the second book."— /n^ror/uc. to Lit.
History.
In 1693 appeared the folio which contained a trans, of
Juvenal, partly by Dryden, and of Persius, entirely by
Dryden.
" A version completely surpassing all before and all who have
succeeded him." — Sir Walter Scott,
His trans, of Virgil, pub. in 3697, has always been held
in the highest estimation by many critics, but perhaps an
equally erudite verdict could be produced against it. Dr.
Felton defends him against the critics:
*' Those who excel him, where they observe he hath failed, will
fell b,-low biin in a thousand instances where he hath excelled"
Dissertation on Reading the Clnssicks, 1730, p. 130. And
Pope remarks in reference to Dryden's translation of some
parts of Homer:
" Had he translated the whole work, T would no more have at-
tempted Homer after him than Tirgil : his version of whom (not-
withstanding some human errors) is the most noble and spirited
trauslatiou I know in any language."— /Vf/ut.€ to PiiptS trans, of
Homer' ^^ Uifl.
Dr. Trnpp (see his trans, of Virgil into blank verse, 1735)
and Mr. Hallam may be cited as dissentients from such
florid panegyric.
In 1700 appeared his Fables, Ancient and Modern, trans-
lated into verse, and modernizeil from Homer. Ovid, Boc-
cace. and Chaucer. These are pnduibly tlic best-known to
the present generation of all Dryilen's pieces. Though
not without faults of haste and carelessness, the merits of
this collection are not to be questioned. In addition to
the larger pieces, there are a number of
" Short original poems, which, with bis prnlocues, epilogues, and
songs, may be comprised in Congreve's remark, that even those,
if he had written nothing else, would have entitled him to the
praise of excellence in bis kind."— Dr. .Iohnson.
The most celebrated of these compositions is the Ode for
St. Cecilia's Day, commonly known by the name of Alex-
ander's Feast.
'■ Theode for St. Cecilia's Bay. perhaps the last effort of his poetry,
hasbcenalwaysconsideredasexhil il ing the hi'j best fli^rht of fancy,
aud the exactest nicety of art. This is allowed to stand without a
rival. If indeed there is any excellence beyond it in some other
of Dryden's works, thate.xcelleuce must be found. Compared with
the ode on Killi;j;rew. it may be pronounced perhaps superior on
the whole, but without any single part equal to the first stanza of
the other." — Dit. JoilNtO.v.
Mr. Hallam considers that both of these odes have been
much overrated:
" Dryden's lame as a lyric poet depends a very little on his Ode
on Mrs. Killigrew's death, but almost entirely on that for St. Ceci-
lia's Day. commonly called Alexander .s Feast. The former, which
is much praisiid by Johnson, has a few fine lines, mingk-d with a
fiir greater number ill conceived and ill expressed; the whole coni-
posiliou has that spiiit which Dryden hardly ever wanted, but it
is too faulty for hij^h praise. The latter used to pass for the best
woik of Drydeu, aud the best ode in the language. Many would
now agree with me that it is neither one nor the other, and that it
was rather overrated during a period when criticism Mas not at a
high point. Its beauties indeed are undeniable; it has the raci-
ness. the rapidity, the mastery of language which belong to Dry-
den; the transitions are animated, the contrasts effective. But
few lines are highly poetical, and some sink to the level of a com-
mon drinking-song. It has the defects, as well as the merits, of
that poetry which is written for musical accompauiment." — Intro-
due. to Lit. Hist.
If there be a doubt whether Dryden can claim a place
in the first class of poets, tbere can be no question of his
pre-eminence as a writer of prose. A few opinions upon
this department of his labours, together with some com-
ments upon his general characteristics as an author, must
conclude our article.
" The niaf chless prose of Dryden, rich, various, natural, animated,
pointed, lending itself to the logical and the narrative, as well as
the narrative and picturesque; never balking, never cloying,
never wearying. The vigour, freedom, variety, copiousness, tha.
speaks an exhaustless Ibuntaiu from its source: nothing can sui--
pass Dryden." — Lord Bkolgiiam.
The great Edmund Burke studied the prose of Dryden
with no little interest and profit. Ilis principal prose com-
positions are his Essay on Dramatic Poetry, aud his ad-
mirable Prefaces and Dedications.
" Dryden may be properly considered as the father of English
criticism, as the writer who first taught us to determine upon prin-
ciples the merit of cooiposition. Of our former poets, the greatest
dramatist wrote without rules, conducted through life and nature
by a genius that rarely misled aud rarely deserted him. Of the
rest, those who knew the laws of propriety had neglected to teach
them." — Dr. .Iohnson.
"Dryden as a critic is not to be numbered with those who have
sounded the depths of the human mind, hardly with those who
analyze the language and sentiments of poets, and teach others to
judgebyshowing why tbey have judged themselves. . . . Thestyle
of Dryden was ^eiy superior to any that Kngland had seen. He
seems to have formed himself on Montaigne. Balzac, and \'oiture;
but so ready was his invention, so vigorous his judgment, so com-
plete his mastery over his native tongue, that in point of style he
must be reckoned above all the three. He bad the ease of Mon-
taigne, without his negligence and embarrassed structure of pe-
riods; he had the dignity of Dalzac, with more vaiied cadences,
and without his hyperbolic.il tumour; the unexpected turns of
Voiture, without his affectation and air of effort."'— Uallam, vbi
siijn'a.
"The prose of Dryden is the most numerous and sweet, the most
mdhw and gmernus. of any our language has produced."— Dr.
Warton : AV'oy on I\.pe.
"There is no modern writer whose style is more distinguished.
Energy and ease are its chief characters. . . . His English is pure
and simple, nervous and clear, to a degree which Pope has never
exceeded, and not always equalled."— Z>r. Beattie's Essays.
Pope's admiration of Dryden is well known. He de-
clared that
" He could select from his works better specimensof every mode
of poetry than any other English writer could supply.
" As to his writings. 1 may venture to say in general terms, that
no man hath written in our language so much, and so various
1 matter, and in so various manners, so well. . . . His prose had all
I the clearness imaginable, together with all the nobleness of ex-
I pression. all the graces and ornaments projx'r and peculiar to it,
without deviating into the language or diction of poetrv. 1 have
heard him frequently own with pleasure, that, if he had'any talent
of English pmse. it was owing to liis having often read the writ-
ings of the great Archbishop Tillotson. His versification and his
numlx*rs he could learn of nobody: for he first possessed those
talents in perfection in our tongue: and they who have succeeded
in them since his time have been indebted to his example: and
the more tbey have been able to imitate him. the better thev have
succeeded.'— Conor eve: Dedication o/ Dryden's Dramatic works to
t/ie Ihile of Nervcasth.
" I cannot pass by that admirable English poet, without endea-
vouring to make his country sensible of the obligations they owe
to his Muse. ^Vhether they consider the flowing grace of his ver-
sification, the vi'.'orous sallies of his fiincy. or the peculiar delicacy
of his periods, they will discover excellencies never to be enough
admired."— Dr. Garth : JV^/. to the trans, of Ovid's Metamorphoses.
See Biog. Brit, where will be found also Hayley's and
Churchill's tributes to Dryden, and many other panegyrics
well worth perusal. The celebrated controversy between
Miss Seward and Mr. "Weston, respecting the comparativo
merits of Dryden and Pope, will be found in (Jcnt. Mug.,
1789. *90. The opinions of two distinguislied modern
critics, one upon the merits of our author as a poet, the
DRY
other respecting his excellencies as a writer of prose, must
conclude our citations:
" He is a writer of manly and elastic character. His strong judg-
ment gave force as well as direction to a flexible fancy ; and his
harmony is generaUy the echo of solid thoughts. But he was not
gifted with intense or lofty sensibility ; on the contrary, the grosser
any idea is, the happier he seems to expatiate upon it. The trans-
ports of the heart, and the deep and varied delineations of the
passions, are strangers to his poetry. lie could describe character
in the abstract, but could not embody it in the drdma; for he en-
tered into character more from clear perception than fervid sym-
pathy. This great High-Priest of all the Nine was not a confessor
to tlie finer secrets of the human breast. Had the subject of
Kloisa fallen into his hands, he would have left but a coarse draught
of her p;ission." — (^tmpbrlt's Essay on English Pwtrij.
"The prose of Drvden may rank with the best in the Knglish
language. It is no less of liis own formation than his versifica-
tion; it is eriually spirited and equally harmonious. Without the
lengthened and pedantic Sr/ntences of Clarendon, it is dignified
when dignity is becoming, and is lively without the accumulation
of strained and absurd allusions and metaphnis. which were un-
fortunately mistal;en for wit by many of the author's contempora-
ries."— Sni Walter Scott.
It is ditiicult to conclurle with so many valuable com-
ments around us yet lackino; a place, but there must he an
end to all articles. The reader can peruse the sul>ject at
his pleasure, and, to aid his investigations, we recommend
to him the consultation of the following worlds, in addition
to the many cited aljove. The biographies, explanatory
prefaces, and critical annottttions to he found in many of
the specified editions of the poet's worlts, will prove in-
valuable auxiliaries to the proper understanding of his
productions, and the literary and political history of the
time :
Miscellaneous Works, Lon., 1702-09, 6 vols. 8vo; 1718,
6 vols. 12mo. Plays, 1725, 6 vols. 12mo. Poems and
Translations, 1743. 2 vols. 12mo. Miscellaneous Works,
with Explanatory Xotes and Observations; also an account
of his Life and Writings, 17f)0, 4 vols. Svo: edited hy
Samuel Derrick. Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works ;
with Notes and Illustrations, an Account of the Life and
Writings of the Author, a Collection of his Writings; hy
Edmund Malonc. 1800, 4 vols. Svo. Works, now first col-
lected, with Nntcs. Historical, Critical, and Explanatory,
and a Life of the Author, by Walter Scott, 1808, 18 vols.
r.Svo; 2dedit., 1821. 18 vols. Poetical Works, with Notes
by Warton ; edited by Mr. Todd, 1812, 4 vols. Svo. Poems,
with Memoir by Rev. John Clifford, 18.34, 5 vols. 12mo;
and Boston, 1S54, 5 vols. 12mr<, Ac. Poetical Works, con-
taining original Poems, Tales, and Translations; with
Notes by the Rev. Joseph Warton, D.D., the Rev. John
Warton, and others, 1851, r. Svo. Poetical Works, with
Life, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, hy the
Rev. George Gilfillan, Edinburgh and New York, IS.io, 2
vols. r. Svo. Reviews of Dryden's Works, and of various
editions: Scott's edition, Edin. Rev., xiii. 116; Analect.
Mag., ii. 148. Works, Edin. Rev.. (T. B. Macaulay,) xlvii.
1; Blackw. Mag., (John Wilson.) Ivii. 13.3, .503. Dramatic
Works, Retrosp. Rev., i. 113. Poetictil Works, Museum,
xiii. 162. Prose Works, Retrosp. Rev., iv. 55. Life and
Times of Dryden, Eclec. Rev., 4th s., xi. 47. Dryden on
Chaucer, (John Wilson,) Blackw. Mag., Ivii. 617, 771. Dry-
den and Pope, Blackw. Mag., ii. 679; (John Wilsou,) Ivii.
369. Dryden and his Times, Westm. Rev., Ixiii., number
for April." 1S55.
Dryden, Johu, 1663?-1701, second son of the pre-
ceding, trans, the lltli satire for his father's .Juvenal, and
wrote a Comely, for which his father wrote a preface, en-
titled The Husband his own Cuckold, Lon., 16S)fi, 4to. In
1776 w.as pub. .from his MS.,Voy!ige to Sicily and MaIta,8vo.
Dryden, John, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1788.
Drysdale, John, D.D., 1718-1788, a native of Kirk-
caldy, ministerof the Tron Church, Edinburgh, Serms.,
with Life by A. Dalzcl, Edin., 1793, 2 vols. Svo.
"The style is everywhere forcible and impressive, and, at the
same time, pure, perspicuous, and elegantly simple." — De. Wm.
MOODIE.
" He possessed a most uncommon fertility of original thought."
— Prof. Dalzel.
Drysdale, Wm, Popery Dissected, 1799, Svo.
Dryswich, Ambrose. The Setting Sun; a Poem,
Lon., 1812, Svo.
Dnane, James, d. 1797, first Mayor of N. York after
its recovery from the British, member of Congress and
Judge, pub. a Law Case. See Documentary History of N.
York.
Duane, Matthew. Coins of Macedonia. The Plates
by Bartolozzi,4to. Brockett, 1237, £2 2s. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., ii. 614.
Duane, Wm., of Philadelphia, 1760-1835, a native
of the province of New York. 1. Mississippi Question,
DUG
Phila., 1803, Svo. 2. Military Dictionary, Phila., 1810,
8vo. 3. An Epitome of the Arts aud Sciences, 1811.
4. Visit to Colombia in 1822, '23, Rvo.
Duane, Wm., b. 1807, at Philadelphia. 1. Passages
from the Remembrancer of Christopher Marshall, contain-
ing a Revolutionary Journal ; edited by Wm. Duane. Phila.,
1839, 12mo. New ed., enlarged, entitled Passages from the
Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1849. 2. View of the Re-
lation of Landlord and Tenant in Pennsylvania, 1844, Svo.
"It does infinite credit to the author, not only fiom the clear-
ness of its style, but its lucid and judicious arrangement of the
decisions upon the subject."
3. A View of the Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges,
and Ferries in Pennsylvania, 1848, 12mo. i. Coffee, Tea,
and Chocolate ; their influence upon the health, the intel-
lect, and the Moral Nature of Man; translated from the
French, IS 16, 12mo.
Duane, Wm. J., of Phila., b. 1 780, ,at Clonmel, Ireland.
1. The Law of Nations investigated in a Popular Manner,
Phila., 1809, Svo. 2. Letters to the People of Penna. on
Internal Improvements, ISU, Svo. 3. Narrative and Cor-
resp. cooc. the Removal of the Deposites, 1838, Svo.
Du Barry, Edmond L., M.D., Surgeon U.S. Navy.
The United Stales: its Power and Progress; trans, from
the Frcn.-h of (iuillaiime Tell Poussin, Phila., Svo.
Dubois, Edward. The Wreath: translations, 1799,
Svo. Old Nick, 1S02, 3 vols. 12mo. Boccaccio's Decame-
ron, 1S04, 2 vols. Svo. Francis's Horace, with addit. Notes,
1807. 4 vols. 12mo. My Pocket-Book, 1807, 12mo.
Dubois, J. A. 1. The Character, Manners, Customs,
and Institutions of the People of India, Lon., 4to; Phila.,
2 vols. Svo. 2. Letters on Christianity in India, Lon., Svo.
Dubois, P. B. Reflections, Oxon., 1721, Svo.
Dubois, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, Svo.
Dubose, Catherine A., a daughter of the Rev. Wm.
Richards, is a native of England, but arrived in America
whilst yet a child. In 1849 she was married to Mr. Charles
W. Dubose, a lawyer of Georgia. Within the last year or
two she h.as contributed a number of poetical pieces to the
Southern Literary Gazette, edited by her brother, Mr. Wm.
C. Richards, of Charleston, South Carolina. Mrs. Duboso
is .also a sister of Mr. Thomas A. Richards, a painter and
poet, resident in New York.
Dubost. Appeal to the Public, 1810, Svo.
Dubost, Chr. Merchant's Assist., Lon., 1804, Svo.
Elements of Com., 1808, 2 vols. Svo. Commer. Arithmetic,
Lon., I2mo.
" A very neat, clear, and precise treatise." — Lon. Month. Review.
Dubourdieu, John. Serms., ic, 1696-1724.
Dubourdieu, John. Statistical Survey of the County
of Antrim, Duhl.. 1812. 2 vols. Svo.
Dubue, M. Alcohol, Phil. Mag., 1814.
Ducarel, Andrew Coltee, 171.3-1785, an eminent
antiquary and civilian, commissary of St. Catherine's and
Canterbury, pub. a number of topograpliical and antiqua-
rian works, a list of which will be found in Watt's Bibl.
Brit, and notices in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Two
of his best-known works are: Anglo-Gallic, Norman, .and
Aquitain Coins. Lon., 1757, 4to. A new edit, h.as been long
promised. Anglo-Norman Antiquities consideredin a Tour
through Normandy, 1767, fol.
'■ A valu.Tble work on this particular subject." — SUvenson^s Voy-
ages and Tiaids.
Ducarel, P. J. Orig. Poems and tr.ans., 1807, or. Svo.
De Wyrhale, Svo. Paraphrase of the Psalms, ic, Svo.
Duchal, James, 1697-1761, an Irish Nonconformist
divine, settled successively at Cambridge, Antrim, and
Dublin. Arguments for the truth of the Chris. Relig., 4c.,
Lon., 1753, Svo.
"A work of singular merit." — Kippis.
Serm., 2d ed., 1765, 3 vols. Svo.
" Our author's style is in general nervous and clear." — Lon. Ciil'-
cal Review.
Duche", Jacob, D.D., d. 1798, aged about fiO, Rector
of Christ's Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia, was a na-
tive of that city. His pulpit oratory was greatly admired.
Serin., 1775, Svo. Cispipina's Letters, Phila., 1774, 12mo ;
Bath, England, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, 1774, '77. Letter to Gen. Washington on the Decla-
ration of Independence, Bath, 1777, 4to. Discourses on
various Subjects, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. Svo; 1790. Three
edits. Serm., 1781, 8vo.
" His discourses have great warmth and spirit; and at times are
in the straiu of our old divines." — Lon. Monthly Review.
Duck, Arthur, 1580-1619, .an eminent English civi-
lian. Chancellor of London, and M.ister of the Requests.
Vita Henrici Chichele, Ac, Oxon., 1017, 4to. In English,
aud added to Bates's Lives, Lon., 1681, 4to; and again
DUG
Cup
pub., 1C99. Sro. De Tsu et Auctoritafc .Juris Civilis Eo-
innnorum in dominiisprincipum Christianorum, Lon., 10.t3,
'7U, 8vo ; several edits, at home and abroad ; added to De
Ferriere's Hist, of the Civil Law, Lon., 1724, 8vo. In
this worli Buck had the assistance of the learned Dr. Ge-
rard Langbaine.
Duck, Stephen, who drowned himself in the Thames
in a fit of in.'Jajiity, wa.s originally a thresher, but became
a clergyman of the Church of England. Ho wrote a good
deal of jjoetry, which is only remarkable from the humble
condition and limited opportunities of the author. The
render will find his biography in Southey's Lives of Un-
educated Poets. Poems, Lon., 1730, 8vo;'l736.4to; 1738,
8vo. Truth and Falsehood, a Fable, 1734, fol. Alrick
and Is.lbel, a Poem, 1740, fol. Caesar Camp, a Poem, 1755,
4to. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life by Spenee,1794,12mo.
Swift indulges in some humour at the expense of Duck's
poetical pretensions.
Duckett, Sir George. Trans, of Michaclis's BurLil
and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, Lon., 1827, 12mo. Mi-
chaelis shows that the testimony of the evangelists is suffi-
cient to place the resurrection of Christ beyond the reach
of doubt. See a review in British Critic and Theolog.
Kov., v. 531.
Duckett, Thomas. Proceedings concerningthe im-
provement of all manner of Land, *tc., Ifi59.
Ducy, Sir Simon. Speech against the 12 Bishops
accused of High Treason, Lon., 1642. 4to.
DuddcU, Benj. Treatises on the Eye, Lon., 1729-36.
Dudgeon, G. Overseers of the Poor, Lon., 1838, Svo.
Dudgeon, U'm. Unity of God, Ac, 1737, Svo.
Dudley. See North.
Dudley, Dean, b. 1823. in Kingfield, Maine, a mem-
ber of the Boston Bar. 1. The Dudley Genealogies, Bost.,
1S48, 8vo. 2. Pictures of Life in England and America,
1851, 8vo.
Dudley, Earl. Letters to the Bishop of LlandafF, 2d
ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo.
'■A most interesting volume." — Lon. Lit. tlazetU.
Dudley, C W. Reports Cases Ct. Appeals S. Caro-
lina, 1837, '38, Columbia, 1838, Svo ; ditto. Cases at Law,
1837, '38, Columbia, 1838, Svo.
Dudley, Dud. Met.-iUum Martis, Lon., 1665, 12mo.
Dudley, Edmund, 1462-1510. osccutedfor high trea-
son, wrote a book, still in MS., entitled The Tree of the
Commonwealth.
Dudley, r. Amoroso, a Novel, 1810.
Dudley, G. M. Reports Cts. Law and Chancery of
Georgi.a, N. York, 1837, Svo.
Dudley, Sir Gamaliel. Letter to Prince Rupert,
O.\on., 1644, Svo.
Dudley, Howard. Hist and Antiq. of Horsham,
1836, sm. Svo. Composed, printed, and the Illustrations
engraved and lithographed from original Sketches by a
youth under sixteen.
Dudley, Rev. Sir Henry Bate, 1745-1824, Bart,
LL.D., Prebendary of Ely, was distinguished as a political,
literary, and convivial character, and still more as a most
energetic magistrate. He established several influential
journals, and wrote eight dramatic pieces, for a list of which
see Biog. Dramat. The Rival Candidates, a Comic Opera,
was pub. in 1775. Svo, and The Travellers in Switzerland,
also a Comic Opera, in 1793, Svo; and again in 1794, Svo.
Sir Henry also wrote some tracts on political economy.
See a biographical notice of this gentleman in the Gent.
Mag., vol. seiv., pt 2, 273, 638.
Dudley, I^ady Jane. See Grky.
Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland, Ac, 1502-
1 .'i53, father-in-law of the preceding, and also executed for
high treason. Sayings vpon the Scaffulde, Lon., 1553, Svo ;
and s. a,
Dudley, John, Archdeacon of Bedford. Sermon on
Phil. iii. 16, 1729, Svo; two do. on the Privileges of the
Clergy, 1731, Svo.
Dudley, John. Serm., Lon., 1807, 4to. Metamor-
jihosis of Sona: a Hindoo Tale, 1811, Svo.
Dudley, John. Identity of the Niger and the Nilc,lS21.
Dudley, Rev. John. Naology; or a Treatise on
Saore.l Structures. Lon., 1 846. Svo. The Anti-Materialist;
denying the lieality of Matter, 1849, Svo.
Dudley, .loshua. His Memoirs, Lon., 1772. Svo.
Dudley, Sir MattheAV. On Insects in the Bark of
decaying Elms and Ashes, Phil. Trans., 1705.
Dudley, Paul, 1675-1751, Chief Justice of Massa-
chusetts, pub. 12 treatises on Nat Hist. Ac. in Phil. Trans.,
1720-35, and a thcnlog. essay against the Church of Rome.
Dudley, Robert, 1532?-158S, Earl of Leicester, sod
to John, Duke of Northumberland, and a favourite of
Queen Elizabeth. Speeches; preserved in the Cabala,
Strvpc's Annals, and Peck's Desiderata Curiosa. Lawcs
and Ordinances, Lon., 4to. See Secret Memoirs of the
Earl of Leicester, 1706. Svo; His Life, 1727, Svo; Secret
Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth. 1706, 8vo.
Dudley, Sir Robert, 1573-1639, son of the preced-
ing, by the Lady Douglas Sheflield, lived in great magni-
ficence at his castle in Florence, where he ended his days.
Voyage to the Isle of Trinidad; see Uakluyt's Voyages, p.
574,1698. Catholicon. A Proposition : see Rus'hworth's
Collei-tions. Del I'Arcano del Mere, 1636, '46, fol. ; 1661.
Dudley, Sir Wm. His Case, fol.
Duer, John, LL.D., 1782-1858, an eminent jurist, a
native of Albany, N.Y. His publications are : 1. A Lecture
on the Law of Representations in Marine Insurances, with
Notes and Illustrations, N. York, 1S44, pp. 256. Mr. Ar-
nould praises tins work as "vigorous, learned, and original."
(Arnould on Mar. Ins., Lon., 1848, vol. i. 489, note.)
2. The Law and Practice of Marine Insurance deduced
from a critical examination of adjudged eases, the nature
and analogies of the subject, and the general usage of
commercial nations, vol. i., pp. 775, N. York, 1845 ; vol. ii.,
pp. 808, N. York, 1846, Svo. A full review and critical
analysis of this ebaborate work, from the pen of Professor
Moore of the University of Edinburgh, will be found in the
London Magazine and Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence,
for November, 1848. Tlie writer says;
*' We are confident that this work of Dr. Duer on the important
rontrnot of Marine Insurance will not suffer by a conip.'^rison with
the «*i itin^s of any other juiist. It is. so far as it has t;one, the
most complete and able treatise on the subject which has ever ap-
peared in our l.inguage."
3. A Discourse on the Life. Character, and Public Ser-
vices of James Kent, late Chancellor of the State of New
York, delivered by request before the Judiciary and Bar of
the City and State of N. York, April 12, 1848 : N. York,
D. Appleton A Co., 1848.
" A most able and interesting eulogy."— W. C. Brunt.
4. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supe-
rior Court of the City of' N. York ; vol. v. Mr. Duer waa
one of the revisers of the laws of New York ; and in con-
junction with his colleagues, the Hi>n. Bcnj.amin F. Butler
and the Hon. John C. Sponcer, has published three editions
of the Revised Statutes of that State. He w.as Chief-Jus-
tice of the Superior Court of the city of New York, and
official reporter of its decisions, at the time of his death.
Duer, William Alexander, 1780-1858, brother of
the preceding. Their father was Col. Wm. Duer. a pro-
minent delegate to the Continental Congress, and their
mother was a daughter of Lord Stirling, of the Revolution.
Both brothers occupied a high position in their native
State. They died within a few weeks of each other. Ho
was the author of two pamphlets addressed to Cadwallader
D. Colden on the Steamboat Controversy.
Dufay. Oil of Olives as a Cure for the Bite of Vipers ;
Phil. Trans., 1738.
Duff, A. Feudal Rights, Edin., 1838, Svo. Deeds,
chiefly aflecting Movables, 1840, Svo. Comment on Re-
cent Stat in Conveyancing, 1847, Svo.
Duff, Alexander, D.D., b. 1808, Perthshire, Scot-
land, of the Free Church of Scotland Mission, Calcutta,
Missi(ms the Chief End of the Christian Church, Edin.,
1839, ISmo. On India and India Missions, 1839, Svo.
" India and India Missions will doubtless take a high place in
the Christian literature not merely of the day but of the age, and
greatly extend the missionary spirit and zeal of the country." —
Guardian. See also Presbyterian Keview.
The Jesuits : their Origin, Ac. ; 2d ed., 1845, Svo. Mis-
sionary Addresses, 1850, fp. Svo. Addresses at the Asseni.
of the Free Church, 1851, fp. Svo. Other works on Missions.
The Indian Rebellion : its Causes and Results. 1858, Svo.
Duff, James Grant. A Hist of the Mahrattas, Lon.,
1826, 3 vols. Svo.
'•Besides the records of the Mahratta Governments of Poona
and Satara, and those of the English East India Company, the
authorities for- this work are from a great variety of authentic
sources, hitherto inaccessible to the public."
Dnff, p. North American Accountant, N. York, Svo.
A comprehensive and valuable work.
Duff, Rev. W. Original Genius, 1767, Svo. Criti-
cisms on Poetry, 1770, Svo. History of Rhedi. Letters,
1807, Svo.
Duff, Wm. His Case, 1739, Svo. Hist of Scotland
from Robert Bruce to James VI., Lon., 1750. fol.
Duffcriu, Lady, grandilaughter of Richard Brinsley
Sheridan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, has written
many luqnilar songs and ballads, of which the Irish Emi-
grant's Lament is the best known.
DUF
Singular conduct of Sir W. Lewes,
Dufferin, Lord. Letters from Ilisb LatiUiilos: Tieing
some account of a Yacht-Voyage to Icclan.l, Jan Mayen,
and SpitzbcrfTcn in 1S56, Lon., cr. Svo. Highly commended.
Duffett, Thomas. New Poems, S.mgs. Prologues,
and Epilogues, L.ui.. lOTH. Svo. See a list ..f his [days in
Biog. Dramat. He ridiculed Dryden. Shadwcll, and Settle.
" A vein of scurrility and personal ill-uaturo is anljarent."
Duliie, C. R. Serms. for Children, N. York, ISmo.
Sorms., 2 viils. Svo. , .
Dulfield, George, 1732-1790, a Presbyterian minister
of Philadelpliia. Tour with Mr. Beatty along the frontiers
of Penna. Thanksgiving Sermon for the restoration of
Peace, 1783. . a ■ ■. i
Dutfield, George, b. 1 794, in Pennsylvania. Spiritual
Life Svo. Dissertation on the Prophecies, 16mo. Mil-
lenai-ianism Defended, Ifimo. Fugitive Discourses on
Slavery, Capital Punishment, Ac. Claims of Episcopal
Bishop's Examined, !6nio. Obligation and Perpetuity of
the Christian Sabbath, IGino. Contributor to the Biblical
Kepository. Presbyterian Mag., Ac
Dutfield, John.
Dufief, N. G. Nature Displayed in teaching French,
19th ed., Lon., 1841. 2 vols. p. Svo; 2l6t ed., Phila., 2 vols.
Svo; Spanish, 1S26, 2 vols. Svo.
" The Krc.itest merit of Mr. DuBef s system is, in our opinion. Its
being so perf.otiv adapted to Koglish people."-I.on. Muga:me^
Pronouncing Fr. and Eng. Diet,, new ed.. 1847, p. Svo.
Dufour, Alex. Letter resp. the Naval Pillar. 1799.
Dufour, \V. Diseases of the Urinary Passages, Ac.,
Lon.. 1794, ISftl, 'OS, Svo. Cure of Rupture, Svo.
Dufton, Will. Deafness and Diseases of the Ear,
Lon , 1844. 12mo. Amer. ed., Phila.. 1848, 12mo.
Duganne, Augustine J. H.,bnrn 1823, in the city
of Boston, is the author of many contributions to our na-
tional literature, both in verso and prose.
" Of the former he has pub. : Home Poems, Ticknor, Bos-
ton, 1844, ISmo. The Iron Harp, Philada., 1847, ISmo.
The Lvdian Queen, a Tragedy, produced at the Walnut St.
Theatre, Pbihi., 1848. MDCCCXLVIIL, or the Year of the
People, 1849. Parnassus in Pillory, a Satire, Adrianee & Co.,
N.York, 1851. The Mission of Intellect, a Poem, delivered
at Metropolitan Hall, Jan. 20, 1852. The Gospel of La-
bour, a Poem, delivered before Mercantile Library, N. York,
1853. The True Republic: delivered in N. Y'ork, 1854,
Poetical ^Vl.rks, Phila., 1856, Svo; illustrateil : the first
complete collection of his poems. Pro.se-Writings : a series
of critiques on contemporary authors, published in Sartain's
Magazine under the title of 'Revised Leaves:' several
Dramas, twenty or thirty Novelettes and Romances, and
a large number of papers upon a variety of subjects, under
various iinma tic plume, in the different magazines and jour-
n,als of the day." We subjoin a criticism from the pen of
Wm. H. Burleigh :
" Mr. Duiianne's lyric;il powers are characterized by a nervous
energy, a generous sympathy with humanity, a wonderful com-
mand of language, and an ardent hatred of wrnnjx and oppression
in all their forms. Tliese poems we have read with a keen delight
and a growing admiration of their author's genius. They have a
distinct character of their own— and are evidently the strong, un-
restrained, and indignant utterances of a bold spirit, deeply pene-
trated with a love for its kind, and intolerant of all despotisms."
Dugard, Samuel. Thcolog. treatises, 1673, '87.
Dugard, Thomas. Death and the Grave, 1649.
Dugard, Wm., 1605-1662, an eminent schoolmaster,
pub. a Ijreek Lexicon and other educational works, 1660, Ac.
Dugdale, Gilbert. The Time Triumphant, or the
Arrival of King James into England, Lon., 1604, 4to.
Dugdale, Sir John, son of Sir William Dugdale. A
Catalogue of the Nobility of England according to Prece-
dencies, Lon., 1685, a single folio sheet; reprinted with
addits. in 1690.
Dugdale, Richard. Wicked Plots carried on by
Seignior Genelamon, 1679, Ac.
Dugdale, Stephen. His Information at the Bar of
Commons, 1680, fol.
Dugdale, Sir William, 1605-1686, ore of the most
distinguished of the many learned antiquaries of whom
England can boast, was a native of Shustoke, near Coles-
hill, Warwickshire. He was educated at the free-school
of Coventry, and afterwards instructed in civil law and
history by his father. In 1638 he settled in London, and
formed an acquaintance with several noted antiquaries,
whose influence promoted his taste for the departments
of learning in which they delighted. By the aid of Sir
Henry Spclman he was created a pursuivant-at-arms ex-
traordinary, by the n.ame of Blauch Lyon; in 11540 was
made Rouge-Croix-pursuivant in ordinary, and in 1677
DUG
was solemnly created Garter principal king-.at-arms. The
ne.xt day. much against his will, the king conferred upon
him the hmiour of knighthood. To this step Charles IL
was no doubt incited by gratitude, as much as by the ex-
traordinary merits of the antiqu.ary, for Dugdale had been
one of the' most devoted adherents of Charles I. We pro-
ceed to notice his principal works: 1. Monasticon Angli-
canuni, Londini, 1655, '61, '73, 3 vols. fol. Vols. i. and ii.
were collected and written by Roger Dodsworth, but ar-
ranged, supplied with indexes, and corrected through the
press, by Dugdale. Dodsworth died before the tenth part
of the first vol. was printed. The general preface to the
Monasticon was written by Sir John Marsham. Vol. i.
was reprinted with addits. in 1682, and the whole work was
epitomized in English, page by page, by James Wright,
the historianof Rutlandshire, in 1695, 1 vol. fol. Another
edit., abridged, in English, was pub. in 1718, fob, and two
adilitional vols., entitled The History of the Ancient Ab-
beys, Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedrals, and Collegiate
Churches, were pub. in 1722, '23, fob, by Capt. John Ste-
vens. Mr. Peck announced a fourth vol. as nearly ready
in 1735, (never pub..) and left some MS. vols, in 4to, now
in the British Museum. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
and Ayscough's Catalogue, vol. i., p. 65-67. A new ediU
of the Monasticon, considerably enlarged and improved
by John Caley, Henry Ellis, and the Rev. B. Bandinel.D.D.,
was pub. in 54 parts, 1817-30, at £141 15«.: on imp. fob,
large paper, proofs. £283 10». Re-issue, 1846, 8 vols, fob,
£31 10«. ; in 1849 at 20s. pr. part. Pub. as Coney's Archi-
tecture of the Middle Ages, in parts, containing 12 plates,
at one guinea each. The new edit., 1817-30, (again, 1846,
Ac.) of the Monasticon, contains 241 views of ecclesiasti-
cal edifices— Monasteries, Abbeys, Priories, Ac. — engraved
by Coney after the originals by Hollar and King.
"Cette edit, renferme toute la substance de la continuation de
Stevens, d'autres augmentations et les notes des Sditeurs; en
outre, beaucoup de nouvelles figures sont ajnutSes aux anciennes,
([ue Ton a copiies avec exactitude. Tels sont les avantages qui la
font preferer aux premieres edit." — Bkonet: Manurl. d-c.
"This New Eiiitiox is the onlv one which can be hereafter con-
sulted for information, or quoted for authority, on subjects con-
nected with Church Historv and Ecclesiastical Property. . . It may
bo honestly avowed that the annals of the Press, in no country
throughout Europe, can hoast of a noliler performance : whether
on the score of accuracv.ind folnessof intelligence, or of splendour
of paper, type, and graphic embellishments."- WMin's Library
Compamim.
To give some idea of the vast expense of the new edit.,
we need only mention that the cost of drawing and en-
graving the plates was six thousand guineas !
Of the value of this great work it would be difficult to
speak in terms of exaggeration :
'• Next to Doomsd.ay Book, it is the most ancient and ample re-
cord of the history and descent of the greatest portion of the landed
priipertv of this country, and has been admitted as evidence in a
court of justice, where the original documents had perished. To
the Clergv this work possesses an interest not only of an antiqua-
rian and historical character, but one which has a more solid claim
to THElB NOTICE. Bv its mcaus they are freijuently enabled to set-
tle, without employing the costly machinery of the law, disputed
questions respi^cting the property of the Church; and a reference
to a verv copious index added bv the Editors to the Work, will
show at' once that there is scarCLdy a single parish which is not
mentioned in its pages. „. . . ..
-Tlio Clergy, the Lawyer, tho Antiquary, the Ilistorian, the
Architect, and Topographer, as well as the possessor of real pro-
perty, will find the Monasticon ANoiiciNtiM one of the most inte-
resting and in dispensable works that has ever issued from the press
of this country."
The reader will find some valuable remarks on this work,
and many interesting particulars respecting the author, in
Tho Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Dugdale, by Win.
Hamper, 1S27, r. 4to.
2. The Antiquities of Warwickshire, 1656, fob This
work was the result of twenty years' indefatigable research.
"It must stand at the he.id of all our county histories."— Oovoir.
" There are works which scrupulous accuracy, united with stub-
born integrity, has elevated to the rank of legal evidences; such
is Dugdale's SVarwickshire."— Da. WniTAKEn.
Second edit., revised, augmented, .and continued by Wm.
Thomas, D.D., 1730, 2 vols. fol.
Mr. Gough charges Dr. Thomas with being careless m
his authorities, and giving himself very little pains to ob-
tain information. The Antiquities of Warwickshire Illus-
trated. Coventry. 1765, fol. This wretched affair was pub.
by a bookseller, who could not bo punished by banishment
to Coventry, as he already graced that famous locality.
3. Tho History of St. Pnul'.s Cathedral in London, from its
first foundation. Lon., 1658, fol. ; 2d edit., corrected by tho
author's own hand, with autobiog. details, by Edward May-
nard, D.D., 1716, fol. New edit., with a continuation and
addit. matter, and some new plates, by Sir Henry Ellis,
1818. fol. This edit, is printed in double columns, and the
' 42?
DUG
DUN
plates, principally by W. Fiiulen, are faitiiful copies from
the originals. Tiie addit. plates are illustrations of the
present cathedral. 4. The History of Imbanking and
Drayuing of divers Ferns and Marshes, 1662, fol. This
valuable worit was published
'• At the instance of the Lord tJorges and others, who were the
principal adventurers in that costly and laud.iMe undertaking tor
drainin;!: the threat level ext#ndiiij; into a considerable part of the
counties of Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, Norfolk, and
Suffolk."— WciOD.
Second edit., revised and corrected, with three indexes,
by Charles Nalson Cole, 1772. fol. 5. Origines Juridiciales;
or Hist. Memoirs of the English Laws. Ctmrts of Justice,
Forms of Trial, Ac, 1666, foL; 2d edit., with addits. in
the Savoy, Lon., 1671, fol. j 3d edit., with addits., Lon.,
1680, fol.
*' Uur tirst inquiries after the History of the Laws of this king-
dom onirht to beL'in with the careful rcadint: of Sir William Dug-
dale's Oi-igiiics Jtiridiciiihs ; which we shall find so accurately
penned, and «itU so good a mixture of learning and judi^mcnt,
that 'twill almost do the work alone. I cannot give a better view
of this most elaborate treatise, than by telling the reader that it
fully answers its title-page." — Bishop Nicolson : Eiig. Hist. Lib.
6. Chronica Juridicialia, 1658, Svo. A good abridgement
of the above. The compiler ^vni^ faithful, in one sense at
least, for he transfers Sir William's materials by wholesale
to his own pages, at which unblushing piracy old Anthony
Wood waxes wroth ; " Published," says he, *' by some down-
right plagiary, purposely to get a little money."
7. The Baronage of England, 1675, '76, :i vols, in 2, fol.
"A work abounding in the most valuable information." — Rev.
J. Hunter: Nisi, of ILdlamshiv..
" A work which will exist to the latest age, as a monument of its
author's historical knowledge and antiquarian learning."
" The Baronage is distinguished by the most laborious research
and extraoidinaryaccuiucy, and confers honour upon its author."
— Sir N. Harhis Nicolas.
8. Short View of the late Troubles in England, Oxf., 1681,
fol. 9. The Antient Usage in bearing of Arras, Oxf., 16.S2,
12mo; 16S3, '85, '90. New edit., with addits. by T. C.
Banks, 1811, fol. 10. A Perfect Copy of all Summons of
the Nobility to the Great Councils and Parliaments of this
Eealme, Lon., 1685, fol. Sir William also pub. a second
Tol. of Sir Henry Spelmau's Councils in 1664: John Sel-
den's Discourse concerning the office of Lord Chancellor
of England in 1672, fol.; and wrote part of the folio pul).
in 1716, fol., giving an account of a number of Cathedral
and Collegiate Churches. He was the chief promoter of
Somner's Saxon Diction.ary, Oxon., 1659, fol. We have
already referred the reader to Hamper's Life of Sir William
Dugdale: we also notice a life of him in the Heraldic Mis-
cellanies, pub. by the Rev. James Dallaway ; another Life
from an original MS., 1713, Svo, and letters between Dug-
dale and Sir Thomas Browne in the postliumous works of
the latter, 1712, 8vo. We may appropriately conclude our
notice of this great man with the fervid eulogy of a Her-
cules in the same field of research:
" What Bugdiile hath done is prodigious. His memory ought
to be venerated and had in everlasting remembrance." — Anthony
Wood.
As an illustration of the term "prodigious," we may re-
mark that Sir William left 27 folio MS. vols., written by
7ii« onm hanil. to the University of Oxford ; and these con-
tain the collections for only two of his works, viz.: The
Antiquities of Warwickshire, and the Baronage of Eng-
land. Of 16 other MS. vols., part of his legacy, some were
also in his own h.andwriting. These monuments of indus-
try, learning, and research are now in the Bodleian Li-
brary, the Heralds' College, and the Ashinolean Museum.
Sir William's daughter was married to the famous Elias
Ashmole: of this learned antiquary, anil his widow, we
have already discoursed at length on a preceding page.
See AsHMoi.K, Elias.
If any of our countrymen — who are not generally sup-
posed to feel the most lively interest in the records of the
past, save as they pertain to the title-deeds and other secu-
rities of real estate — feel inclined to blame us for lingering
long over the names of the Ashnioles, the Camdcns, the
Gonghs, and the Nicholses, of whom a utilitarian age is
not worthy, we shall commend to their meditations the fol-
lowing true maxim, with the hope of a profitable result:
" A contem(>t tor antiquity is rightly considered as the m.trk of a
mean and narrow intellect, of an uneducated and illiberal mind.''
Where would have been the history, the art, the philoso-
phy, of past ages, had there been no provideut conserva-
tors, wise for all generations, to transmit these precious
relics to their descendants?
Diigmore, Thomas. Manor of Milhourne, 1800,8vo.
Diigiicl, Patrick, M.D. Convulsive Disorder; Med.
Com., 1777. Virtue of the Wild Cabbage; Ess. Phys. and
Med., 1760. ^
Dugue, Charles Oscar, b. 1821, in New Orleans;
educated in Paris. 1. Essais Pofdiques, with a Preface
by A. Rouquette, of Louisiana. In 1850 he pub. two
dramatic works, Mila, or The Death of La Salle on the
discoveries of the mouth of the Mississippi River ;
and Mingo, or The Dying Swan, a celebrated Indian
Chief.
I>iihigg, Bart. King's Inn Remembrancer, Dubl.,
1805, .Hvo. Hist, of the King's Inns, ISO", Svo.
Diihriii;;, Henry, M.D. Art of Living, Lon., 1843,
p. Svo. Remarks on the United States, 1843, p. Svo. Es-
says on Human Happiness, 1848, fp. Svo.
■• Happy is life, when sound health, pure feelings, rational
thrtughts, and noble deeds comtiine to exalt its earthly course.
Then man reveals in himself the image of the Deity, and his
home becomes a Paradise."
Ouigenaii, Patrick, 1735-1816, an Irish civilian,
M.P. for Old Leighlin, and afterwards for Armagh. La-
chrymfc Academica;. Political pamphlets and Speeches,
178i;-1810.
Diiillier, N. F. L;ititude at Sea, 170S.
l)iike. Rev. Edward. Prolusiones Historicae, or
Essays illustrative of the Halle of John Halle of Salisbury,
Salisb., 1837, Svo; vol. i. ; all pub.
" We have never encountered any antiquarian disquisitions that
were so amusing, delightful, and instructive." — Lon. Mtmthlij Jiev.
Druidical Temples of the county of WiIts,Lon.,lS46,i2mo.
*' His collections on the literature of Wiltshire are nowhere sur-
passed."— Sali^lmry Journal.
Duke, Francis. Free Grace, 1655, '56, 4to.
Duke, George. The Law of Charitable Uses, with
the learned readings of Sir Francis Moore, Lon., 1676, fol.
"It was always considered as a stand.ard authority upon this
branch of the law." — Bridg. Lt';/. Bill.
After being neglected for more than a century, this work
was revived and continued by Mr. R. W. Bridgman, Lon.,
1805, Svo.
Duke, Richard, d. 1711, Prebendary of Gloucester,
was educated at, ami Fellow of. Trinity College, Cambridge.
He was intimate with Otway. engaged with some others in
the tr.anslations of Ovid and Juvenal, and wrote a number
of poems.
" In his Pieview, though unfinished, are some vigorous lines.
His poems are not below mediocrity ; nor have I found much in
them to be praised." — Dr.JiJuuon's Lif- of Dtikc.
Serm., 1703; two serms., 1704; fifteen, 1714, Svo.
*' In his sermons, besides liveliness of wit. pui ity and correctness
of style, and justness of argument, we see many line allusions to
the ancients, several beautiful passages handsomely incorporated
in the train of his own thoughts : and. to s.ay all in a woi-d. clas.sic
learning and a Christi.^n spirit.''— Dn. If. Fei'ton.w* Rntilingthf. C
Duke, R. T. W., and Francis H. Smith. Ame-
rican Statistical Arithmetic, Phila. See Smith, Francis U.
Duke, Wm. Lectures on the S.acraments, 1789.
Dulaney, Daniel. Considerations on the Policy ol
imposing l;ixes in tlie Brit. Colonies, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Dumbcll, John. Matheuiat. treatises, 1808, '09.
Dummer, Jeremiah, d. 1729, a native of Boston,
wrote several theolog. treatises, a defence of the New Eng
land Charter.s, Lon., 1728, Svo, and 1766; and a Letter to
a Noble Lord concerning the expedition to Canada, 1712.
Dumon, Wm. Cantus ; The Former Book of the Mu-
sick of William Dumon, 1591, 4to.
Dun, Lord. See Erskine, David.
Dun, Uarclay. Quadrilles, 1818.
Dnu, James. Scrm., Edin., 1792, Svo.
Dun, John. Serms., Kilm., 1790, 2 vols. Svo.
Dunbar, David. Covenants, Lon., 1646.
Dunbar, George, 1774-1851, appointed Professor of
Greek in the University of Edinburgh, 1805, discharged
the duties of this post until within a few months of his
death. He pub. a number of useful educational works,
1812-44, the principal of which is his Greek-English and
English-Greek Lexicon, the fruit of eight years' laborious
application, 1840, Svo; 3d cd., 1S5.3, Svo. The following
commendation of a distinguished Grecian must have been
'■'B'^ly gratifying to Professor Dunbar:
'J/;/ Drur Lord:— I am greatly obliged to you for having jx-r-
niitted me to see Professor Dunbar's Greek Lexicon. It is infinitely
the best work which I have ever seen. It has already been of groat
service to me, who, as you know, am an humble but a most ardent
votary of Greek literature. It will tend more to extend the study
of Greek than any work now extant."— JVic Marquis of WeUeski/ lo
Loi-d Brotiifhian. Augud 17. IS41.
Dunbar, James, LL.D., Prof, of Philos. in the Univ.
of Aberdeen. Esstiys on the Hist, of Mankind in rude
and uncultivated Ages, Lon., 1781, Svo : 2J ed., with addits.,
1782, Svo.
" A very ingenious book." — Dr. Johnson.
Dunbar, John. Epigrammatum, Lon., 1016, Svo.
Dunbiir, William, 14(i3?-1530, a native of Salton,
East Luthiau, Scullaud, was educated at the University
DUN
DUN
of St. Andrew's, and afterwards, becoming a Franciscan
friar, travelled in Scotland, England, and France, as a
mendicant preacher. He was subsequently employed in a
diplomatic capacity by James IV., and resided at his court
in receipt of a pension. Of his poems but little was known
until the beginning of the last century, when many of them
were printed from the MSS. in which they had long re-
posed. Some of his pieces had been pub. by Chapman
and Millar in 150S. Thirty of Dunbar's productions are
to be found in the Ancient Scottish Poems, pub. from the
MS. of George Bannatyne. In 1834 a complete edit, of
his works was pub. by David Laing. He excels both in
moral and humorous poetry ; and is peculiarly happy in en-
listing allegory in the advocacy of truth. His principal
allegorical poems are. The Thistle and Rose. The Dance
of the Seven Deadly Sins through Holl. and The Golden
Terge. The Twa Married Women and the Widow exhibits
a specimen — not the most delicate in the world — of bis
Tein of humour. Whether the Friars of Berwick be really
his, seems matter of some doubt. The Merle and Night-
ingale may be cited as a poem of great merit.
Sir AV alter Scott declares that Dunbar is *' unrivalled by
any poet that Scotland has yet produced," and Mr. EHis
also styles him the ** greatest poet that >Scotland has pro-
duced." This is surely high praise. For an elaborate
review of Dunbar's poetry, we must refer the reader to
Warton's Hist, of English Poetry. See also Biog. Brit. ;
Pinkerton's Ancient Scottish Poets; Lives of the Scottish
Poets. Warton remarks, after an examination of the
Daunce :
"I have been prolix in my citations and explanations of this
poem, because I am of opinion that the ima^'ination of Dunbar is
not less suited to satirif-al than to sublime allegory; and that h.-
is the first poet who has appr ared with any degree of spirit in this
way of writing since I'iers Plowman. His Tliistle and Rose and
Golden Terge are generally meutioued as his capital works, but
the natural complexion of his genius is of the moral and didactic
cast." — Hist, of English Poetri/.
But Mr. Pinkerton thinks that this judgment must not
be taken too strictly :
" The Goldin Terge is moral ; and so are many of his small pieces :
but humour, description, allegory, great practical genius, and a
Tast wealth of words, all unite to form the complexion of Dun-
bars poetry. He unites in himself, and generally sui-passes. the
qualities of the chief old English poets; the morals and satire of
Langland: Chaucer's humour, poetry, and knowledge of life; thy
allegory of Gower; the description of Lydgate."— .S'co/^s7i Ftiets.
The Golden Terge, though moral in its design, is a pa-
rody on the Popish litanies; surely an unfit subject for
Buch a purpose.
Mr. Ellis unites in the general commendation of Dun-
bar's poetry :
"Dunbar's peculiar excellence is much good sense and sound
morality, expressed with force and conciseness. His style, whether
grave or humorous, whether simple or ornanieuted, is always
energetic; and though all his compositions cannot be exjwcted to
possess equal merit, we seldom find in them a weak or redundant
Btauza.."—.'<p€cimem of Earf}/ English Poetry.
_ Dunbar, Wml, d. 1810, at his seat at Natchez, Mis-
sissippi, was distinguished for his acquisitions in Astronomy
and Natural Science. He was a member of the American
Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and contributed
some pages to its Triinsactions ; see vol. vi. : Signs among
Indians; Meteor. Observ., 1800; Description of the Mis-
sissippi.
Duncan, Alexander, D.D. Infidelity, Edin., 1774,
12mo. Hist, of the Revolution, 16S8, 1790, 8vo. Devout
Communicant's Assist., Berwick, 1792, 8vo. Essays. Edin.,
1799, 8vo. J ' '
Duncan, Andrew. Grammatica Latina, Edin., 1595.
8vo. Rudiment!!. Pietatis, 1595, 16mo. Studiorum Pueri-
lium Clavis, 1597, 8vo.
Duncan, Andrew, M.D., 1745-1828, a native of
Edinburgh, delivered clinical lectures in the University of
that^city. and afterwards private courses for fourteen years,
on Cae theory and practice of medicine. He pub. several
professional treatises, a list of which will be found in Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Duncan, Andrew, Jr., M.D. Edinburgh New Dis-
pensatory, Edin., 1803, Svo j 1804, '08, '18. Other profess,
publications.
Duncan,Archibald,R.N. Mariner's Chronicle, 1804.
Brit. Tritlent; register of Naval Actions, 1805, 4 vols.
Duncan, Daniel, 1649-1735, an eminent physician,
a native of Languedoc, died in London. He was the au-
thor of Explication nouvelle et moehanique des Actions
Animales. Pjiris, 1678; La Chymie Naturelle, 1681, Svo;
and some other works.
Duncan, Daniel, D.D., d. 1761. son of the preced-
ing, wrote Collects upon some of the Articles, 1754, and
some other theolog. treatises.
34
Duncan, Francis, M.D. Bowels, 1801, Svo.
Duncan, Henry, D.D., founder of Savings-Banka,
Essays on the Advantages of .Savings-Banks. Lon., 1816,
8vo. Cottage Fireside, new ed., Edin., 18.39, 18mo. Sacred
Philosophy of the Seasons, Edin., 1836, '37, 4 vols. em.
Svo: new ed., 1853, 12mo.
"We know of no work more simple in its teachings, and of none
that collects more glory about the revolving mouths than this." —
LoJi. Spectator.
See Memoir of Dr. Duncan by his son. Rev. J. G. Dun-
can, 1848, 12mo; new ed., 1853.
Duncan, James. The Scotch History, Glasg., 1805,
]2mo; 3d ed., by his grandson, James Duncan, 1816; 4th
ed., 1SI9.
Duncan, James F. Popular Errors on the subject
of Insanity examined and exposed, Lon., 1S53, fp. Svo.
Duucau, John, D.D. Essay on Happiness, a Poem.
Serms. and thcolng. treatises, 1769-1803.
Duncan, John. Weaving. Glasg., 1808, Svo.
Duncan, Kev. John, LL.D. Declaration against
the Pupe's Supremacy, by K.Edward VI.; repub., Lon.,
1810, Svo.
Duncan, John. Essay on Genius, or the Philos. of
Literature, Edin., 1814, Svo. Philos. of Human Nature;
Origin of Evil. 1815, Svo.
Duncan, John M. Travels through part of the U.
States and Canada, 1S18, '19, Glasg., 1823, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Dedicated to Professor Silliman of Yale College, Sabbath
among the Tuscaroras.
Duucau, John Shute. Botano-Theology, an ar-
ranged Compendium, Oxf., 1825, Svo; 2d ed., 1826.
" Au exceeding pleasant and interesting book." — Lowndes's Brit.
Lib.
Duncan, Jonathan. Prosecutions for Religious
Opinions. Lon., Svo. Religions of Profane Antiquity,
1838, fp. Svo.
" A very complete key to the old systems of heathenism, as de-
veloped especially in Greece and Rome." — Loji. Monthly Kev.; and
see Lon. Spectator.
Dukes of Nurmandy, from RoUo to the Expulsion of
King John, 1839. 12m'o.
"A useful supplement to the ordinary histories of England." —
Lf/n. Athenceiim.
And see Lon. Parthenon, Examiner, and New Monthly
Magazine.
Trans, of Felix Bodin's Summaries of the Hist, of Eng-
land and France, 1840, 2 vols. 18mo.
'■ A very accurate view of the constitutional history of England."
— Lon. Athenauin.
Religious Wars of France, 1840, fp. Svo.
"Well written and concise; its dates exact and well placed."—
Lon. Courier.
Hist, of Guernsey, with Notes on Jersey, 1842, Svo.
Duncan, Mrs.'M. G. L. Memoir uf G. A. Lundie,
ISmo; of Geo. li. Philips, 18mo; of Mary Lundie Duncan,
4th ed., 1845, fp. Svo.
'• A most sweetly-drawn picture, that cannot be too extensively
contemplated." — Lon. Christian Ladies' Mug.
The Children of the Manse, 18mo. America as I found
it, 16mo.
" A very readable book," — Advocate and Guardian.
Duncan, Mark, d. 1640, a Scottish physician, an an-
cestor of the preceding Dr. Daniel Duncan, was principal
of the Calvinists' College at Saumur. His best-known
work is Institutiones Logicce, libri quinque, Salmurii,
1612, Svo.
"This work is much commended by Bui^ersdieius and others.
Joseph Scaliger also mentions our author in a manner which seems
to indicate no common respect. Speaking of the west of .Scotland,
he particularizes it as the district which produced Duncan and
Huchanan; and Tomasinus (Parnassus P-uiraneus. p. 8) classes
him among the distinguished literary characters of the age."
Duncau, Mark, or Cerisantes, d. 1648, a son of
the preceding, wrote some poetical pieces pub. in miscella-
neous collections, the most remarkable of which is Carmen
gratulatorium in nuptias Caroli R. Ang. cum Henrietta.
Maria, filia Henrici IV. R. Fr.
Duncan, Mrs. Mary Lundie. Rhymes for my
Children, Lon., 32mo. For a notice of a Memoir of Mrs.
M. L. Duncan, see Duncan, Mrs. M. G. L.
Duncan, Robert, 1699-1729, a native of Edinburgh,
minister of Tilly coultry, 1728. An Exposition of the Epistle
to the Hebrews, Edin., 1731, Svo; new ed., 1S44, Svo.
•■ It may be considered rather as an abridgment of Owen on the
Ifebrews, than as an original work. It is not, indeed, a profe.eised
abridtiment; but it everywhere shows the use that the author
made of that elaborate and useful work." — Ornie's Bibl. Bib.
Duncan, U'm. Physiologia, Tolos., 1651, 4to.
Duucau, Mm. Kings of Scotland, Glasg., 1722, 8to.
Duncan, Wui., 1717-1760, a native of Aberdeen, Prof,
of Philos. in the Mariscbal College. 1752, trans, the select
orations of Cicero, (1777,) and Cesar's Commentaries, 1752,
529
DUN
fol. ; also in 2 vols. 8vo ; often reprinted. His work entitled
Elements of Logic was pub. in 1748, and the 6th ed., 1770,
Lon., 12mo.
Duncan, Wm. Syntax, Ac. of Oreek, 1812, 8vo.
Duncan, Wm. New and improved edit, of A. Dick-
inson's Greek Testament, Edin., 1830, 12mo.
" Mr. Duncan h.as annexed a copious selection of the most im-
portant of Griesbach's various readinfjs and emendations, which
appear to have been made with great care." — Home's Bibl. Bib.
Duncombe, Giles. Tryals per pais, or the Law of
England concerning .Juries by Nisi Prius, Ac, Lon., 1682,
8vo; 8th ed.,with addits., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo; 9th ed., Dubl.,
1793. 2 vols. 8vo.
Duncombc, Henry J. Serm., Lon., 1837, 8vo.
Duncombe, John, 1730-1785, Vicar of Uerne. Three
Serms., 1776. The Feminead, 1754. Trans, of Select
Works of the Emperor Julian. Ac, 1784. 2 vols. 8vo.
*'The Philosophical Fable which Julian composed under the
name of thw Caesars, is one of the most agreeable and instructive
productions of ancient wit." — Gibbon.
The Hist, and Antiq. of Reculver and Heme ; princi-
pally written by J. D. It forms the 18th N". of the Eilil.
Top. Brit. Mr. D. contributed to the Gent. Mag. for twenty
years, under the signature of Crito, &c. He pub. and edited
several other works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Duncombe, Mrs. John, wife of the preceding, d.
1812, wrote the story of Fidelia and Honoria in the Adven-
turer, contributed to the Poetical Calendar and Nichols's
Poems, and in 1808 pub. a novel entitled The Village Gen-
tleman and the Attorney-at-Law.
Duncombe, John, inventor of the Dendrometer.
Treatise upon tho Dendrometer, Lon., 1769, 8vo ; 1771, 8vo.
Conjointly with Thos. Whittcll, The Antiq. of Richborough
and Reculver, aljridged from the Latin of Archdeacon Bot-
tely, 1774. 12mo. New Arithmet. Dictionary, 1774, 8vo.
buncombe, Wm., 1690-1769, father of the first-
named John Duncombe, is best known by his trans, of
Horace, made in conjunction with his son, pub. in 2 vols.
8vo, 1757-59. He made some other trans, from the Latin
and French, collected Archbishop Herring's sermons, and
pub. several other poetical, political, historical, and theolog.
works. See Watt's BM. Brit.
Duncon, Eleaz. De Adoratione Dei versus Altare
Deterrainatto t'antab. habita, ainw 1633, *60, 8vo.
Duncon, John. Life and Death of Lady Falkland,
1648, 12mo. See (iibbon's Memoirs of Pious Women.
Duncon, Samuel. Political tracts, 1652-59.
Dunciinib, John. Serms., 1796, '97. Pasture Lands,
1801, Svo. Hist, and Antiq. of Hereford, 1804-12, 2 vols.
4to. The only hist, of this county pub. Agricult. and
Rural Economy of Herefordshire, 1805, Svo.
Dundas, Sir David, General R. A., 1735?-1820, a
distinguished officer, in 1809 succeeded the Duke of York
as Commander-in-chief Principles of Military Movements,
chiefly applied to Infantry, Lon., 1788, 4to. Adopted and
printed as Rules and Regulations for his Majesty's Forces.
General Dundas also planned the Rules and Regulations
for the Cavalry.
Dundas, Rt. Hon. Henry, Lord Viscount Mel-
ville, 1741?-lsll. First Lord of the Admiralty, Ac.
Speeches, Letters, anil Opinions upon Politics, the Slave-
Trade, and East India Trade; pub. separately, 1794, '96,
1800. '13.
Dundas, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1733.
Dundas, John. Abridgt, of tiie Acts of the General
Assem. of the Ch. of Scot., 1638-1720. Edin., 1721, Svo.
Processes against J. Simpson, 1728, Svo.
Dundonald, Earl of. See Cochrane, Alex.
Dungal, a celebrated astronomer of the 9th century,
supposed to have been a native of Ireland, emigrated to
France, where he died. A long letter of his to Charlemagne,
in answer to some queries of that monarch respecting two
eclipses of the sun, will he found in D'Acheri's Spicilegium,
vol. iii., 324, of the fol., and vol. x. of the 4to edit. A De-
fence of Images, 1608, Svo ; also in the Biblioth. Max. Patr.,
xiv. 196. He wrote some poetical iiieces, ono of which is
in a collection pub. by Martene and Durand. 1 729.
Dunglison, Kobley, M.D., LL.D., a distinguished
benefactor to Medical Science and Literature, and one of
the most popular authors of the day, was born in 1798, in
Keswick, Cuml>erland county, England. He commenced
the practice of medicine in London in 1819,- Professor of
Medicine in the University of Virginia, 1824-33; Profes-
sor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics. &c. in the University
of Maryland, 1833-36; Professor of the Institutes of Medi-
cine and Meilical Jurisprudence in Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia, from 1836 to the present time, (1858.)
Dr. D. is one of the vice-presidents of the American Philo-
63tt
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sophical Society, and a member of numerous scientific and
literary societies at home and abroad. We annex a list
of his many valuable contributions to medical science :
Author OF : 1. Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach
and Bowels of Children. Lon., 1824, Svo.
2. An Introduction to the Study of Grecian and Roman
Geography, by Geo. Long, Esq., and himself, Charlottes-
ville, 1829, Svo; the Roman by Dr. D.
3. Human Physiology. with numerous illustrations,Phila.,
1832, 2 vols. Svo; 8th ed., 1856.
4. A new Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature,
containing a concise account of the various subjects and
terms, with the Synonymes in difl'erent languages, Ac,
Boston, 1833, 2 vols. Svo". The seci.nd and subsequent edi-
tions were published in Philadelphia in one volume; 15th
edit., 1S5S.
5. On the In8uence of Atmosphere and Locality, Change
of Air and Climate, Seasons, Food, Clothing. Ac. on human
health, constituting Elements of Hygiene, Phila., 1835, Svo.
The second edition was published under the title of Human
Health, Ac, Phila,, 1844, Svo.
6. General Therapeutics, or Principles of Medical Prac-
tice, with tables of the chief remedial agents and their
preparations, and of the different poisons and their anti-
dotes, Phila., 1S36, Svo. To the second edition — in two
volumes — Materia Medica was added. The 6th edition was
published in 1857. In all the editions, except the first,
there were numerous illustrations.
7. The Medical Student, or Aids to the Study of Medicine,
including a glossary of the terms of the science, and of the
mode of prescribing, bibliographical notices of medical
works, the regulations of different medical colleges of the
Union, Ac, Phila., 1837, Svo; 2d edition, modified, Phila.,
1S44.
8. New Remedies; the method of preparing and admi-
nistering them ; their efi'ects on tho healthy and diseased
economy, Ac, Phiha., 1839, Svo ; 7th edit., 1856.
9. The Practice of Medicine, or a Treatise on Special
Pathology and Therapeutics, Phila., 1842, 2 vols. Svo; 3d
edit., 1S4S.
10. An Appeal to the People of Pennsylvania on the
subject of an Asylum for the Insane Poor of the Common-
wealth, Phila., iSSS, Svo.
11. A Second Appeal on the same subject, Phila., 1840,
Svo.
12. A Public Discourse in Commemoration of Peter S.
Duponceau, LL.D., late President of the American Philo-
sophical Society, delivered before the Society on the 25th
of October, 1844, Phila., 1844. Svo.
13. On the Blind, and Institutions for the Blind in Europe ;
a Letter to the President of the Board of Managers of the
Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, Phila., 1S54, Svo.
14. Numerous Introductory Lectures to his Class in the
Universities of Virginia and Maryhind. and in Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia; and Charges to Gradu-
ates : the Introductory of 1854, '55, comprising Recollec-
tions of Europe in 1S54.
EniTOR OF : 1. On the Use of the Moxa as a Therapeu-
tical Agent, by Baron D. J. Larrey, translated from the
French, with Notes and an Introduction, containing a his-
tory of the substance, Lon., 1822, Svo.
2. Formulary for the preparation and mode of employing
several new remedies, viz. : Morphine, Iodine, Ac, trans-
lated by Charles Thomas Haden, Esq. ; 2d edit., with nu-
merous alterations and additions, Lon., 1824. 12mo.
3. Appendix to do., Lon.. 1824, 12mo. The Formulary
was reprinted in Phila., 1825.
4. The Surgeon's Vade Mecum of Dr. Hooper; 3d edit.,
greatly enlarged, Lon., 1824, 12mo. Dr. Dunglison's name
did not appear.
6. Medical Clinics of the Hospital Neckar, by M. Bri-
cheteau ; translated by Dr. D., but not so stated, Phila.,
1837, Svo.
6. Outlines of Physiology, with an Appendix on Phre-
nology, by P. M. Roget, M.D.. Ac. ; revised, with nume-
rous notes. Philii., 1S39, Svo. Name not on the title-page.
7. Outlines of a course of Lectures on Medical Jurispru-
dence, by Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D., F.R.S.E.; re-
vised, with numerous notes, Phila., 1841, Svo. Name not
on title-page.
8. The Cyclopaidia of Practical Medicine, by Drs. Forbes,
Tweedie, and Conolly : thoroughly revised, with numerous
additions, Phila., 1845, 4 vols. Svo.
9. The London Medical Repository, edited by James
Copland, M.D., and Robley Dunglison, M.D. Vols. 19 and
20, and new series, vol. i., Lon., 1823. '24.
10. Tho Medical Intelligencer, or Monthly Compendium
DUN
BUN
of Medical, Chirurgicnl, and Scientific Knowledge, vol. iv.,
Lull., 1S23, 8vo. The earlier vuluines were edited by
Messrs. Armstrong. Alcock, Iladcn, and others.
11. The Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles-
Lcttres, Arts, Sciences, Ac, edited at the University of Vir-
ginia, by Professors Geo. Tucker and DunglisonjCharlottes-
ville, 1830, 8vo. Names not on title-page.
12. The American Medical Library and Intelligencer;
a concentrated Record i»f Medical Science and Literature,
Phila., 1S37 to 1842, inclusive, Svo. A Journal, and a re-
print of valuable foreign works.
CoNTniBiTOR to: The Monthly Magazine, Lon., 1817,
'18; The Annals of Philosophy, Lon., 1820; The London
Medical Repository, 1823, '24; The Quarterly Journal of
Science and the Arts, 1824 ; The London Quarterlv Review,
1823; The Eclectic Review. 1823, '24; The Universal Re-
view, 1824; The American Quarterly Review, 1827, and
afterwards; The Virginia Literary Museum, 1830; The
Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal, 1834 ; The North
American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science, 1834,
*35; The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1832,
and afterwards; The American Cyclopedia of Medicine
and Surgery, 1834, *35 ; The British and Foreign Medical
Review, 1836; The Medical Examiner, Phila., 1S38, and
afterwards; &c.
So great has been the demand for Dr. Dunglison's works,
that of the Medical Lexicon, General Therapeutics and
Materia Medica, Practice of Medicine, Human Physiology,
Human Health, and New Remedies, the sale to 1858, wo
have reason to believe, had been upwards of one hundred
thousand volumes ! Of the many notices before us of these
valuable works from British and American authorities,
we have room for a few only, and these must be abbre-
viated.
Medical Lexicon, 12th ed.. lS55;li'tIh ed. enlarged, 1858.
" An admiralile work, and indispensable to all literary medical
men. The laboxir which has been bestowed upon it is something
prodigious. . . . Ilevisfd and corrected from titiie to time. Dr. Dun-
glison's Medical Lexicon will last for centuries." — Brit, and For.
Med. Chir. Rev.
" A miracle of labour and industry in one who has written able
and voluminous works on nearly every bi-anch of medical science.
... It is almost as iudispensable to the other learned prolessions
as to our own. . . . From a careful examination of the present
edition, we can vouch for its accuracy, and for its being brought
quite up to the date of publication.'*— Dui/^. Quart Jour, of Med.
Science.
'"The most comprehensive and best English dictionary of medi-
cal terms extant"— I injl'i I" M'd. J<mr. See also Lon. Med. Gaz.;
Amer. Jour, of the M>'d, Scinnies; Boston Med. Jouj.; Edin. Jour.
of Med. Science; Lon. Mt-d. Times and fJazette.
General Therapeutics and Materia Medica,fith edit.,1857.
"Asa text-book for students, for whom it is particularly designed,
we know of none superior to it." — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Jour.
"We consider this work unequalled." — Bostoti Med. and .Surg.
Journal. See also Charleston Med. Journal and Review; Western
Lancet; N. Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour.; N. York Jour, of Med.
The Practice of Medicine, 3d edit., 1848.
_" Upon every topic embraced in this work, the latest information
will be found carefully posted up." — Med. Examiner.
" It is certainly the most complete treatise of which we have any
knowledge." — W'stei-n Jour, of Med. and Surg. See also Boston
Med. and Surg. Jour.; Southern Med. and Surg. Jour.
Human Physiology, 7th edit., 1830 ; Sth ed., 1856.
" It has long since taken rank as one of the medical classics of
our language. To say that it is by far the best text-book of phy-
siology ever published iu this country, is but echoing the general
testimony of the profession. '—A' r-rk Jour, of Med.
"It is the completest work on Physiology in the English lan-
guage, and is highly creditable to the author and publishers."—
Qinaduin Mai. Jour.
"The best work of the kind in the English language, and is
highly creditable to the author and publishers." — SUHman^sJour.
See also Amer. Med. Jour.; Western Lancet.
New Remedies, with Formulae for their Administration,
6th edit.. 1853.
" The great learning of the author, and his remarkable industry
in pushing his researches into every source whence information la
derivable, have enabled him to throw together an extensive mass of
fects and statements, accompanied by full reference to authorities ;
which last feature renders the work practically valuable to inves-
tigat/irs who desire to examine the original papers." — Amer. Jour
of Pharmacy. See also New York Med. Gaz.; Southern Med. and
Surg. Jour.
Dunham, S, Astley, LL.D., d. 1858, in London.
Hist, of Poland, 183(1, 12mo.
" A very carefully and competently written compendium."
—ion. Eclectic Review.
Hist, of Spain and Portugal, 1832, 5 vols. 12mo.
"The very best work on the subject with which we are ac-
quainted."—ion. Athenieum. See also Athen., 1858, 111.
" A work of acuteiict^s and information." — Wm. 11. Prescott.
Hist, of Europe duriuir the Middle Ages, 1833-36, 4 vols.
" A work which may lie r.'giir'li.-il ;i.s a sacrifice of a very learned
and very laborious writer to the wants and curiosity of the world."
— Lon. Athen.
Hist, of the Germanic Empire, 1837, 3 vols. 12mo.
"This compi'Tidiura is masterly; being clear, rich, and exten-
sive."— Lon. Miiuthly Review.
Hist, of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, 1839, '40, 3
vols. 12mo. These valuable works are all pub. in Lardner'a
Cyclopaedia. Lives of English Dramatists, by R. Bell, Esq.,
Dr. Dunham, kc, 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. The Early Writers
of Great Britain, by the same, 1840, fp. 8vo.
Duukin, A.J. Report of the Brit. Arch. Assoc, Lon.,
1845, 8vo. Memoranda of Springhead, 1848, Svo.
Dunkiii, John. Divinity of the Son of God, 1783, 8vo.
Dunkiii, John. Hist, and Antiq. of Bromley, 1815,
Svo; of Bicester, 1810, Svo. Hist, and Antiq. of the Hun-
dreds of BuUington and Ploughley, Oxfordshire, 1823, 2
vols. 4to. Printed at the expense of Sir G. P. Turner;
only 70 copies intended for sale. Hist, and Antiq. of
Dartford, Kent, 1844, 8vo.
Dunkin, Wm., D.D. Epistles, Dubl., 1741, '60. Po-
etical Works, Epistles, &q., 1774, 2 vols. 4to.
Dunlap, Andrew, 1794-1835, a native of Mass.
Admiralty Practice in Civil Cases of Maritime Jurisdic-
tion, Phila., 1836, 8voj 2d ed., N. York, ISoO.
" This work is pronounced, by the most competent judges, to be
learned, accurate, and well digested."—! KenVs Oim. 381, Note.
Dunlap, J. I>. Book of Legal Forms, Phila., 1 852, Svo.
Dunlap, John A. Justice of Peace in N. York. 8vo.
Abridgt. of 12th and 13th Books of Coke's Rep<'rts, N.
York, 1813, 8vo. Prac. Supr. Ct. of N. York in Civ. Act.,
Albany. 1821-23, 2 vols. Svo; 1841.
"The author has executed his laborious task with an accuracy
and extent of learning which support his weU-earned reputation
QS a lawyer." — 18 N. Amer. Rev., "211.
Lloyd's edit. (3d) of Paley'.s Agency; 3d Amer. edit.
''The care and labour bestowed upon Dunlap's Paley's Agency
cannot fail to render it a standard work of great utibty!" — rcnna.
Law Journal.
Dunlap, S. F., son of Andrew Dunlap. (aj^^e,) b. 1825,
in Boston. 1. The Origin of Ancient Names. Camb., 1S56.
8vo: reprinted from the Chris. Examiner, July, 1856. 2.
Vestiges of the Spirit-History of Man, N.Y.,* ISoS, Svo.
Edited, with Nntcs, Dunlap's Admiralty Practice.
Dunlap, William, 1766-1839, manager of the Park
Theatre, N. York, a dramatic author and a painter, was a
native of Perth Amboy. N. Jersey. Life of George Fre-
derick Cooke, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo; and a 2d ed.
'■Those who desire a faithful portrait of this strange genius
may be safely referred to the Life published by Dunlap. a close ob-
server and a truthful writer." — Wood's Personal RecolUctiuns of the
Stage, Plilla., 1865. 12mo.
" Very little reliance can be placed on the theatrical and other
anecdotes recorded in these volumes." — Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
" We have seldom been more amused and instructed than by the
perusal of these volumes." — Lon. Theatrical Inquisitor.
The American Theatre. N. York, 1832, Svo ; Lon., 1833.
Hist, of Arts and Designs in the U. States. N. York. 1834,
2 vols. Svo. Thirty Years Ago: a Novel, 1836. Hist, of
N. York, for Schools. 1837, 2 vols. 12mo; abridged, 1844,
2 vols. ISmo. New Netherlands Province of New York,
1840, 2 vols. Svo. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Dunlop, Bell, and Murray. Decis. Ct. Sess.. 1835-
40, 5 vols. Svo, Eilin., 1836-40; ditto, 1S40, '41, 1841, Svo,
by Dunlop and Donaldson.
Dunlop, Alexander, 1684-1742, an American, Pro-
fessor of Greek, Uuiv. Glasgow. Greek Grammar, 1736,'
many edits. Long used in the Scotch universities.
Dunlop, Alexander, Treatise on the Law of Scot-
land relative to the Poor, Edin., 182S, Svo.
'■ Decidedly the best work on the subject." — McCuUoch's Lit. of
Polif. Economy.
Answer, Ac. rel. to Claims Ch. of Scotland, 3d ed., 1S40,
Svo. Law of Patronage of Pjirocbial Ministers in Scot-
land, 8vo. Parochial Law in Scotland. 3d ed., 1841, Svo.
"As an able and accurate exposition of the law, Mr. Dunlop's
Treatise deserves every commendation, and may be considered as
our safest authority."—! Eil. L. J., 218.
Dunlop, James. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1853,
chronologically arranged, with Notes and References to all
the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Penna., giving con-
struction to said Laws, with a copious Index, 3d ed., Phila.,
1853, Svo. Highly commended by the Hon. Judges Gib-
son, Grier, Coulter, Rogers, Burnside, Woodward, Thomp-
son, Hepburn, Lowrie, <fec. Digest of the General Laws
of the U. States, Phila., 1858, r. Svo. Highly commended.
Dunlop, John. 1. History of Fiction, Lon., 1S14, 3
Tols. p. Svo: 2d ed., 1816; 3d, 'l 845.
"He has executed a defective plan, in what we are inclined to
think rather a superficial manner." — Lon. Qunr. Rev., xiii. 384.
" Upon the whole, thoutrh we wish to see the History of Fiction
executed on a very different plan, and with a greater spirit of philo-
Bophical intjuiryand critical acufeness, we recommend the jiresent
publication as an a^reealile and curious jNIiscellauy. which disco-
vers uncommon iuformation and leai uiug." — Eilin. Riv., sxiv. 58.
DUN
2. History of Roman Literature. 1S23-2S. 3 vols. 8vo.
3. Memoira of Spain during the Reigns of Philip IV. and
Charles II.. ir<31-1700. Edin., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. If the
reader will procure this work, Watson's Philip II. and
III., Robertson's Charles V,, and Coxe's Bourbon Kings,
he will have a continuous history of Spain to 1788.
" Mr. Dunlop's work abounds with important instruction to the
philosopher and the politician; and we gladly acknowledge our
oMiu;ations for this valualde contribution to i^panish history. He
has collected matter previously dispersed throu;:h a great number
of works, into one consecutive, agreeable, and lively narrative." —
Lov. AthrTKPiivi.
Mr. Dunlop has pnb. some other work.i.
Dunlop, Robert Glasgow. Travels in Central
America, ttith Journal. Ac, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo.
"It abounds with valuable statistical and general information
of the towns, the people, the climate, and the products." — Colonial
Mixgaziiif.
"Solid information is the distinguishing feature of the above." —
Jjon. SjwcUilor.
Dunlop, \Vm., 1692-1720, a native of Glasgow, Prof,
of Divinity and Ch. History, Univ. Edinburgh, 1716.
A Collection of Confessions of Faith. Catechisms, Direc-
tions, Books of Discipline, Ac. of publick authority in the
Ch. of Scotland, with the Acts of Assembly, &.Q., Edin.,
1719-20, 2 vols. sm. 8vo. A most valuable work. Some
copies of the preface were struck t)ff separately, under the
title of A Full Account of the several ends and uses of
Confessions of Faith, Ac, 1721, Svo; again. 1775, 12mo.
*■ Sensible and scriptural." — Bicker strth's Chris. Student.
It was answered by Moses Lowman in 1721, Svo. Serms.
and Lectures, 2 vols. Svo; 1716-22; again, 1725. Glasg.,
1747, 2 vols. 12mo. Though Professor Dunlop died at the
early age of 28, he bad attained great reputation as a
powerful and jiathetic preacher:
" When hr preached, he had very crowded and attentive audito-
ries. When he tiauied in the pulpit, and triumphed over his cap-
tivated hearers, it was not by mere artificial rhetorif, but from the
real sentiment and alTectJons of his own soul transferred into theirs.
Argumentative, copious, and fervent." — Dr. E. }Villiams'& Chris.
Prmcher.
Dunn. Index to the Journals of the H. of Commons,
vol. XXV. to Iv., inclusive, Lon., 2 vols. fol. Comes down
to end of the year 1800.
Dunn, I.ady, Recluse, a Novel, 2 vols. r. 12mo.
Dunn, Edward. V. Disease. Lon., 1724. Svo.
Dunn, Edward, Theolog., &c. works, 1796-99.
Dunn, Henry. Educational works, Ac, 1829-48.
Dunn, John. Manners, Customs, and Usages, Ac. of
the Nations of Asia. Africa, and America, from the French
of Lambert, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. Svo.
Dunn, Sir Patrick. His Case, Ac, fol.
Dunn, S. Tbcolog. and biog. works, 1837-47.
Dunn, Samuel, Prof, of Mathemat. at Crediton and
Chelsea, pub. several works upon astronomy, navigation,
mathematics, &c., 1759-93, and papers in Phil. Trans.,
1761-64.
Dunne, Charles. The Chirurgical Candidate, or re-
flections on surgical education, Lon., 1S08, Svo.
Dunne, John. Notices rel. to some of the Native
Tribes of N. America; in Trans. R. Irish Acad., 1S03.
Dunning, Capt. Scheme for preventing the Progress
of the Plague, fol.
Dunning, John, Lord Ashburton, 1731-17S.3, one of
the most distinguished of modern lawyers. Defence of
the United Company of Merchants, being an answer to the
Dutch Memorial, 1762, 4to. Letters to the Proprietors of
the E. India Stock, occasioned by Lord Clive's Letter on
bis Jaghire, 1761, Svo.
Dunning, Richard. Office of Overseer of the Poor,
1686.
Dunning, Richard. Cow Pox, Ac, 1800-06.
Dunscombe, T. Tribute to Dr. Evans, 1792, Svo.
Dunsford, i>]nrtin, d. 1S07. Hist. Memoir of the
Town and Parish of Tiverton, 2d ed., Lon., 1790, 4to.
Duns Scotus, John, supposed to have been born
about 1265, died at Cologne, 1308, is believed to have been
a native of Dunstimce. near Alnwick, Northumberland.
Others, however, claim him as a native of Dunse, Berwick-
shire, Scotland, and still others nssert him to have been an
Irishman. "Whilst young he joined the Miuorite friars,
■who sent him to Oxford, where he was admitted into Mer-
ton College, of which he became Fellow. In 1301 he suc-
ceeded William Varrou as Profes. of Theology at Oxford,
and taught with such eloquence and acceptance, that 30,000
scholars thronged around his chair. We cannot, however,
vouch for the correctness of the numbers. In 1304 he re-
moved to Paris, and about 1307 was placed at the head of
the theological school of that famed city of learning. He
is said to have been the first teacher of the doctrine of the
532
BUN
immaoxilate conception of the Virgin Mary. He was for
some time a follower of Thomas Aquinas, but differing
from him on the qucf-tion concerning the efficacy of divine
grace, he established a new school: the disputes of the
Thomists and Scotists henceforth are matters of history,
trifling as their subjects often were. Scotus was so noted
for his acuteness as to acquire the name of the " Subtle
Doctor." He wrote many works on theology, on metaphy-
sics, &c, acoUective edit, of which (save a few still in MS.)
was pub. by Luke ^Vadding in 1639, Lyons, 12 vols. fol.
The reader who wishes to sharpen his wits in dialectics
will find ample employment in these volumes for the long
evenings of several winters. To encourage him to embark
upon so fascinating an amusement, we give a specimen of
the eulogies which were lavished upon the Subtle Doctor
by his followers:
" lie was so consummate a pldlopopber. that he could have been
the inventor of philosophy, if it had not before existed. [How un-
fortunate!] His knowledge of all the mysteries of Iteliyion was
so profuund .ind perfect, that it was rather intuitive certainty than
belief. He described the divine nature as if he had seen God; —
the attributes of celestial spirits as if he had been an au^el;— the
felicities of a future statei as if he had enjoyed them;— and the
waysof providence as if he had pt-netrated into all its secrets. He
wrote so many books, that one man is hardly able to read them;
and no one man is able to understand them. He would have
written more, if he had composed with less care and accuracy.
Such was our immortal Scotus, the most ingenious, acute, and sub-
tile of the sons of meu."
See Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Cave. vol. ii.; Henry's Hist.
of Great Britain; Wood's Annals ; Mackenzie's Scotch AVri-
ters; Biog. Brit; Bruckeri Hist. Philos., torn, iii., p. 828.
The candid confession that no man could understand the
Subtle Doctor's profundities reminds us of a saying attri-
buted to Hegel, when dying ; — that of all his numerous
disciples only one had understood him, — and he misunder-
stood him !
Dunstable^ John^ d. 1458, an English musician, au-
thor of De Mensurabili MusicTi, quoted by Morley, Fran-
chinus, and Ravenseroft, but now lost. The two last give
some fragments of Dunstable's musical compositions. In
the Bodleian Library there is a geographical tract by Dun-
stable.
Dnnstan, St., 925-9SS, a native of Glastonbury, So-
mersetshire, Bishop of Worcester, of London, and finally
Archbishop of Canterbury about 959, extended the Papal
influence throughout England, and, as the representative
of Rome, ruled the kingdom with a rod of iron. But
Ethelred was not so easily governed as his predecessor
Edgar had been, and Dunstan retired to his cloisters to die
of chagrin and mortification. A vol. of his works was
pub. at Douay in 1626, Svo, and LauneelotColstou pub. one
of his treatises with the Philosophia Maturata, Lon., 1668,
12mo.
Dunstanville, Francis, Lord De. Carew's Survey
of Cornwall, Lon., 1811, 4to. See Carew, Richabd.
Speech at the County Meeting of Bodmin, 1S09, 8vo.
Dunstar, Samuel. Auglia Rediviva; being a full
description of all the Shires, Cities, Principal Towns, and
Rivers in England, Lon., 1669, Svo.
Dunster, Charles, Rector of Petworth, Sussex. Mil-
ton's Paradise Regained, with Notes, Lon., 1795, 4to. Con-
siderations on Milton's Early Reading, aud the Prima
Stamina of his Paradise Lost, 1800, 8vo. A valuable work.
He gives extracts from Joshua Sylvester's works. Observ.
on St. Luke's Gospel, 1S05, Svo; on St. Matthew's, 1806,
Svo; on St. Luke's, ISOS, Svo. Synopsis of the three first
Gospels, &.Q., 1S12, r. Svo. Other works.
Dunster, Rev. D. Trans, of Drexelius on Eternity,
edited by Rev. H. P. Dunstcr, Lon., 1S44, 12mo.
''(.If siufiular merit, and excellently adapted to awaken the air
tentiou to a suVtject so important."
Dunster, H. P. Stories from Froissart, Lon., 1847,
ISmo. Sec Ber.ners, Lonn. Fragments of History, 12mo.
Dunster, Henry, d. 1659, first President of Harvard
College, in conjunction with Richard Lyon, improved the
new version of the Psalms made by Eliot, Welde, and Ma-
ther, printed in 1640.
I Dunster, Samuel, D.D. Trans, of Horace's Satires
and Art of Poetry into English verse. Serm., Lon., 1708,
8vo.
Dunstcrvill, Edward. Funl. Serm., 1642.
Dunthorne, Rev. Richard, 1711-1775. Astronomi-
cal con. to Phil. Trans.. 1747, '49, '51. '62.
Dunton, John. A True lovrnall of the Sally Fleet,
Lon., 1637, 4to. See Oxford CoUec. Voy. and Trav.
Dunton, John, 1659-1733, an eccentric bookseller,
being unsuccessful in business, turned author, and jmb.
several works. The Dublin Scuffle, 1699, Svo.
DUP
"This curious production may be considered as the earliest at-
tempt at Irish topography."
The Athenian Mercury, or a Scheme to answer a Series
of Questions Monthly, the Querist remaining concealed.
Continued to al)out 20 vols. ; reprinted by Bell, under the
title of The Atheiiinn Oracle, 1728, 4 vols. 8vo; abridged,
182U, Svo. Atlicnianisra, or the Projects of Mr. John
Dunton. This contains 600 Treatises in Prose and Verse,
The Life and Ermrs of Mr. John Dunton, with the Lives
and Characters of more than a thousand Contemporary
Divines, and other Persons of Literary Eminence. Lon.,
1705. Svo. We here find an account of his visit to Boston,
Kew England, (in 1685,) where he resided for 8 months,
and sketches of the ministers, booksellers, and other citi-
zens of Boston and Salem. New edit, with .=electioDs from
Dunton's other works, 1818, 2 vols. Svo. Religio Biblio-
pulce, or the Religion of a Bookseller, 1728. Svo. See
Bridgwater, Benjamin. The Banger of Living in a
Known Sin, and the Hazard of a Death-Bed Repentance,
173S, Svo. See a list of Dunton's many pieces in Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
"Dunton's Life and Errors is a most curious Work, abounding
in Literary History of an interesting nature.*" — AwWe's Granger.
Duponceau, Peter S., 1760-1844, a native of the
Isle of Rhe, on the western coast of France, was for some
time secretary to Count de Gebelin, author of the Monde
Primitif. Baron Steuben, however, prevailed upon him to
resign this quiet post, and accompany him to America as
his secretary and aide-de-camp. They lauded at Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire, Dec. 1, 1777, and on the 18th
February ensuing, Mr. Duponceau was appointed a captain
by brevet in the army of the United States. In 1780 his
ill health obliged bim to leave the army, and in October,
1781, he was appointed secretary to Robert R. Livingston,
head of the Departmeutof Foreign Affairs. After holding
the office for about 19 months. Mr. Duponceau commenced
the study of the law, and was admitted an attorney in
June, 17So. In his new profession he soon rose to great
eminence, and felt unwilling to resign his increasing busi-
ness fur the office of Chief Justice of Louisiana, which
was tendered to him by President Jefferson. Mr. Dupon-
ceau remained a resident of Philadelphia until his death,
taking an active interest in legal, philosophical, and philo-
logical pursuits, and esteeming as not the least of the re-
wards of his labours, an election to a Corresponding Mem-
bership of the French Institute. The same learned body
awarded to him the prize of " Linguistique,'" founded by
Volney, for a Memoir on the Indian Languages of North
America, (in French,) which was subsequently pub. in Paris.
Mr. D. pub. several other works, and was the author of
many memoirs communicated to literary and scientific
societies, addresses, essays, and minor pieces. See Encyc.
Amer., xiv. 242. A Dissertation on the Nature and Ex-
tent of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the U. States ; to
which are added a brief Sketch of the National Judiciary
Powers exercised iu the United States prior to the adoption
of the present Federal Constitution, by Thomas Sergeant,
and the author's Discourse on Legal Education, Phila.,
1824, Svo.
•■ A work that should be profoundlv studied by all American
authnrs."— A' Anwr. Rrview. xx. 03, 1825.
'■The learned author of this Dissertation is well known as a
scholar and a philosopher, who thinks deeply and accurately. The
volume has been extensively read, and will continue so to be." —
S'lffmaii's Lvgal Student, 5(J8,
Eulogium in Commendation of the Hon. W. Tilghman,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penna., 1827, Svo.
, A brief View of the Constitution of the United States, ad-
dressed to the Law Academy of Philadelphia, 1834, 12mo.
Dissertation on the Nature and Character of the Chinese
System of Writing. 1838. This was the last of his works.
He contends that the Chinese language is not ideographic^
as was generally maintained, but lexigraphic. See a review,
N. Amei". Rev., xlviii. 271.
A specimen of Mr. Duponceau's philological criticism
may be seen in his Notes to the new edit, of John Eliot's
Grammar of the Massachusetts Indian Language, Boston,
1822, Svo. This is a reprint of EUot'a Indian Grammar,
pub. in 1666.
Dupout, John. Serm., Lon., 1757, Svo.
Duport, James, D.D., 1606-1679. an eminent Greek
scholar, educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, Regius Prof, of Greek, 1632; Master of Magdalen
College, Cambridge, 1668. Gnomologia Homcri, 1660.
Tres Libri Salomonis. &c., 1646, 12mo. Metaphrasis Libri
Psalmorum. <ic., 1666, 4to. Musse SubsecivEe, 1676, Svo.
Sorm., 1660, 4to. Three Serms., 1676, 4to. Lectures on
Theophrastus's Characters, 1712.
DUR
Bnport, John, d. 1617, Preb. of Ely, 1609, was ono
of the iratis. of K. .James's version of tlie Bilde.
Duppa, Brian, 1588-1662, educated at Christ Church,
Oxford, Bishop of Chichester, 163S ; trans, to Salisbury,
1 641 ; Bishop of Salisbury, 1660. 1 . The Soul's Soliloquies,
164S, Svo. 2. Angels Rejoicing for Sinners Repenting,
1648, 4to. Both the above are sermons. 3. A Guide for
the Penitent, 1660, Svo. 4. Holy Rules and Helps to De-
votion, 1074, 12mo. He is said to have assisted K. Charles
in composing the Eikon Basilike.
Duppa, Richard, d. 1831. aged 64, educated at Trin.
Coll., Oxf. Journal at Rome, Lon., 1799, Svo. 12 Heads
from the Last Judgment of M. Augeio, 1801, imp. fol.
Head from Raffaelo, 1S03, fnl. Life and Works of Angelo,
1806, imp. 4to; new ed., 1846. Life of Raffaelo, 1816, Svo.
Price of Corn, ISlo, Svo. Infroduc. to (ircck, 1815, Svo.
Dr. Johnson's Diary into N. Wales, with Notes. 1816, Svo,
incorporated in Croker's Boswell Travels on the Continent,
1829, imp. Svo. Linnjean System of Botany, 3 vols. Svo.
Other works. Mr. Q. De Quincey's Life of Raffaelo is in-
cluded in the new edit. (1846, Svo) of Duppa's Life of
M. Angelo.
•' In this volume we have combined at once a sket^-h of painting
during its brightest era, and an account of the two great masters
who may empbatifally be described as the restorers of art in Eu-
rope."— E'hn. Review.
Du Pratz, M. Le Pa§:e« Hist, of Louisiana, or of
the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina, Lon., 1763, 2
vols. Svo.
" This author seems to have paid particular attention to geology,
mineralogy, and other branches of natural history." — Loivndes^s
Bihl. Man.
Dupre, Edward. Serm., 1782, 4to.
Dupre, John, D.D., d. 1835, aged 82. Serm., 1781,
4to. Serms., 1782-87, 2 vols. Svo. Discourses, 1S15, 2
vols. Svo.
Dnpre, Wm. Lexicographia Neologico-Gallica, ISOl,
Dn{inis, Joseph, Journal of a Residence in Ashan-
tee, Lon., 1824, 4to.
"These p-ipers throw much light on the subject of African dis-
covery, and will be of great use to future travellers."
"The work of a man of considerable talent." — Edin. RevieAO.
Dupuis, Thomas S,, 1733-1796, an English musical
composer. Two of his anthem.s will l)e found in Page's
Harmonia Sacra. A selection from his works was pub. in
2 vols, by his pupil, Mr. Spencer, nephew and son-in-law
of the Duke of Marlborough.
Dupny, Eliza A., born at Petersburg, Va., a descend-
ant of one of the oldest Huguenot families in that State.
She has written many works, of which the following are
the principal : 1. The Conspirator; of this there have been
24,000 copies sold. 2. Emma Walton, or Trials and Tri-
umphs. 3. Celeste. 4. Florence, or the Fatal Vow. 5. Sepa-
ration. 6. Concealed Treasure. 7. Ashleigh. 8. Tho
Country Neighbourhood, N. Y., 1855.
Dnqnery, Henry. Speech in H. of Commons on Ne-
gotiation with France, 1795, Svo.
Duquesne, M. Voyage to the E. Indies, 1690, '91, a
descrip. of Maldives, Cocos, Andamant. kc, Lon., 1696.
Durand, David, 1679-1763, a native of Languedoc,
pastor of the French Church in the Savoy, London, pub. a
number of works upon theologj-, painting, natural history,
&c., 1717-53. Serms., Rotterdam. 1711, sm. Svo. Hist,
du seixieme Siecle, Lon.. 1725-32, 7 parts, Svo.
Dnrant, J. Coal Mine, &q.., Phil. Trans., 1746.
Durant, John, b. 1620, a Nonconformist divine,
ejected 16(12. Salvation of the Saints, Lon., 1653, Svo.
"A delightful niillenariau vrriter."
Six Serms., 1655. Svo. Spiritual Seamen, 1655. Comfort
and Counsel, 1658, Svo. Altum Silentium, 1659, 12mo. A
Cluster of Grapes taken out of the Basket of the Woman
of Canaan ; being the sum of certain Serms., 1660, Svo.
Dnrant, John. Art in Nature, 1697, Svo.
Duranti, Saml. Serms., 1623, Svo.
Durbin, J. P., D.D., adistinguished Methodist divine,
was burn in Bourbon county, Kentucky, in 1800; entered
Miami University, 1822; subsequently studied at the col-
lege in Cincinnati, and was appointed Professor of Lan-
guages in Augusta College, Ky. ; Chaplain U. States Senate,
1831; editor Christian Advocate and Journal. 1S32; Pre-
sident of Dickinson College, Carlisle, 1834-45; received
the degree of D.D., 1S37; visited Europe, Asia, and Africa,
1842, '43; pastor of a congregation in Phila., 1845; Secre-
tary of the Board of Foreign and Domestic Missions, 1S50 ;
this oflBce he still retains. (1858.) He has been elected to
the general conference of the Church on four several occa-
sions, viz. : in 1844, '48, '62, and '56. See Men of the Time,
N.Y., 1852. Author of Observations in Europe, principally
in France and Great Britain, N. York, 1844, 2 vols. 12mo.
633
DUR
Higbly commendecl as combining information and enter- 1
tainment to a remarkable dec^ree. Also. Observs. in E^ypt,
Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. ;
Edited the American edit, of Wood's Mosaic History of \
the Creation, with copious Notes, New York, 1831, 8vo. !
Contributed to sundry periodicals. For further particulars ,
respecting Dr. Durbin, see the National Magazine, pub. by i
Messrs. Carlton and Phillips, New York. I
Durel, John, D.D.. 1025-16S3, a native of St. Helier's, I
Isle of Jersey, entered Merton Coll., Oxf., 1640; Prcb. of ]
Salisbury and Canon of Windsor, 1663 ; Dean of Windsor,
1677. During the Commonwealth he retired to France; ,
at the Restoration became minister of the French Church
in the Savoy, London. Respecting the Savoy, see Strype, i
Wood's Athen. Oxon.. or Cunningham's Hand Book of [
London. A View of the Govt, and Pub. 'Worship of God !
in Reformed Churches beyond the Seas ; wherein is shewed ;
their Conformity and Agreement with the Ch. of England, !
Lon., 1662, 4to; abridged, 1705, 8vo. This book excited [
a warm controversy; see Athen, Oxon. Sanctce Ecclesiae
Anglicame, <fec., 1669, 4to. Theoremata Philosophiae.
Among the pieces in this collection is a French trans, of
the Whole Duty of Man. partly written by Mrs. Durel.
The Liturgy of the Ch. of England asserted, in a Serm.,
preached in French; trans, into English by G. B., Lon.,
1662, '68. 4to. In Latin, 1670, Svo.
Durell, David, D.D., 1728-1775, a native of the Isle
of Jersey, educated at Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Fel-
low and Principal of Hertford Coll. The Hebrew Text of
the Parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Moses, relating to
the twelve Tribes, with trans., notes, &c., Oxf., 1764, 4to.
Critical Remarks on the Book of Job, Proverbs, Psalms,
Ecclcsiastes, and Canticles. See an analysis of this work
in the Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S., xlvii'. 119-129.
'' Many of the observations in these volumes are of considerable
value. Dr. Durell was a bold critic, and dealt freely, and sometiaies
successfully, in emendations of the text, and in new arrangements
of the words and letters. , . . His works deserve a place in every
critical library." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Durell, Philip. A Particular Account of the Taking
of Cape Breton from the French, Lon., 1745, fol.
Durfee, Job, 1790-1847, b. in Tiverton, R.L What-
cheer; a Poem, 1832, 12mo. Complete Works of, with a
Memoir by his Son, Providence, 1849, Svo.
D'Urfey, Thomas, d. at an advanced age, 1723, was
a descendant of an ancient French Protestant family who
settled in Exeter, where Tom — as he is always styled — hrst
saw the light. In early life he selected the law as a pro-
fession ; but a taste for light literature indisposed him to
serious application to legal research, and the gay company
which he frequented left him little leisure for such profit-
able occupation of his time. Besides, he possessed the
dangerous accomplishments, seldom combined, of being
able to write and sing a good song. lie also commenced
composing dramatic pieces, — The Siege of Memphis, 1672;
Madam Fickle, 1677; Bussy D'Ambois, 1691, and 29
others, — see list in Biog. Dramat., — which, fortunately,
are now forgotten.
Towards the close of his life he was a sufferer from the
res aiujmta domi ; and — to quote his own language —
** after having written more odes than Horace, and about
four times as many comedies as Terence, he found himself
reduced to great diflSculties by the importunities of a set
of men, who of late years had furnished him with the ac-
commodations of life, and would not, as we say, be paid
with a song." See Guardian, No. 67.
By the influence of Addison, D'Urfey's play of The
Plotting Sisters was acted for his benefit, and seems to
have produced a handsome result. In the Guardian, No.
67, Addison makes a strong appeal for a good benefit to
the veteran wit and poet. D'Urfey excelled in song, sa-
tires, and irregular odes. A collection of these was pub.
in three volumes, under the singular title of Laugh and
be Fat, or Pills to Purge Melancholy. These were repub-
lished, and three vols, added, by subscription in 1719, '20,
under the title of Wit and Mirth, or Pills to Purge Melan-
choly, 6 vols. 12mo. It would appear that to the first col-
lection, at least, there had been other contributors besides
D'Urfey.
*' I cannot sufficiently admire the facetious title of these volumes,
and must censure the world of ingratitude, while they are so negli-
gent in rewarding the jocose laboursof my friend Mr. D'Urfey, who
was so large a contributor to this treatise, and to whose humorous
productions so many rural squires in the remotest parts of this
island are obliged for the dignity and stat« which corpulency gives
them." — Sir KiCHARD Steele: Guardiiin, No. 29,Aprill4, 1713. KicU
si sapis.
A collection of his Poems, consisting of Satyrs, Elegies,
and Odes» was pub. in 1690, Svo. Stories, Moral and Co-
DUR
mical, 1691, Svo. Tales, Tragical and Comical, 1704, Svo.
New Operas, with Comical Stories and Poems, 1721, Svo.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for separate publications. To
the Essay towards the Theory of the .Intelligible World,
Swift is said to be indebted; particularly for the idea of
his marbled pages. These volumes are now scarce. Mr.
Henry G. Bohn, London, some years since advertised a
collection, 14 vols, iu all, uniformly bound in morocco, at
£16 16«. The higher such books are held in price, the
better for the public. We want no People's Editions of
writers of this class.
D'Urfey's Tory songs did much to strengthen the royal
cause, and his Protestant lays helped to bring popery into
disrepute. In the style both of his personal character
and his writings, no man could have better suited the dis-
solute circles in which he spent his youth and middle age,
than Tom D'Urfey.
"I myself remember King Charles leaning on Tom D'Urfey's
shoulder more than once, and humming over a song with him. It
is certain that monarch was not a little supported by 'Joy to great
Cfosar,' which gave the whigs such a Mow as they were not able
to recover that whole reign. My friend afterwards attacked popeiy
with the same success, having exposed liellarmine and Porto-Car-
rero more than once, in short satirical compositions which have
been in every body's mouth. . . . Many an honest gentleman has
got a reputation in his country, by pretending tohave been in com-
pany with Tom D'Urfey." — Addison: Guardian, No. 67, May 28,
1713.
Durham, James, 1622 ?-1658. a captain in the army,
was ordained a minit-ter at Glasgow, 1647 j Prof, of Di-
vinity there, 1650. Test, to the Oh. of Scot., 1659, Svo;
Edin., 1680, 12mo. Expos, of Job, Glasg., 1659, 12mo.
Revelation,Amst.,1660; Edin., 16S0,4to; Glasg., 1788,4to.
"He shortly interprets the text, endeavours to point out the
application of the distinct prophecies, and supports his views by
historical references. He also occasionally indulges in conjecture
respecting the future." — fJrme's Bibl. Bib.
"Very spiritual and evangelical." — Bickersteth.
7th ed., Glasg., 1769, Svo. 62 Sermons on Isaiah liii.,
Edin., 16S3, 4to ; 1723, fol. Clavis Cantiei; or an Expos,
of the Song of Solomon, Lon., 1669, 4to; Edin., 1724, 4to;
Aberd., 1S40, Svo.
" A tavourite work with those persons who enter fully into the
mystical design of the sacred writer, and approve of its entire ap-
plication to Christ and the church.'' — Orme; ubi supra.
Expos, of the Ten Commandments, Lon., 1675, 4to.
The Unsearchable Riches of Christ, Glasg., 16S5, 12mo.
Heaven upon Earth, Edin., 16S5, 12mo.
"The expository works of Durham are highly respectable, not
for their display of learning or critical knowledge, but for their
good sense. euHj^htened piety, and practical acquaintance with the
Scriptures." — Orme: ubi supra.
Durham, James. 7 Serms. on Rev. xiv. 13, with a
vindication of W. Guthrie, Lon., 1682, 12mo.
Dtirliam, James George. Christy the Friend of
Man, Lon., 1803. Svo. The Providence of God, 1S04, Svo.
Durham, Simeon of. See Simeon.
Durham, >Vm., 1611-1686, a native of Gloucester-
shire, Rector of St. Mildred's, London, &c. Family In-
struction. Life of Dr. Harris, Prost. of Trin. Coll., Oxf.,
1660. 12mo. Sermons on 1 Cor. xvi. 13, Lon., 1671, 4to;
on Hebrews xiii. 16, 1679. 4to.
Durivage, Francis Alexander, b. at Boston, 1814.
1. Cyclopedia of History. Svo, pp. 7S0. 2. Stray Subjects,
Phila., 12mo. 3. Life Scenes, Boston, 12mo. 4. Trans-
lated, in connection with W. S. Chase, Lamartine's History
of the Revolution of 1848. Mr. D. is the author of several
Plays and Poems, and has contributed largely to the pe-
riodical literature of the U. S.
Durnford, Charles, and E. H. £ast» Reports in
Ct. of K. B., 17S5-1SU0, Lon., 1787-1800, 8 vols, fob;
1794-1802, 8 vols. Svo. New ed. {5th) with references,
1817, 8 V(ds. Svo. 3d Amer, ed., N. York, 1S34, S vols, iu
4, Svo. Durnford and East commenced the practice of
periodical reports.
*■ These gentlemen have acquired a great share of approbation
and the reputation of j;reat attention." — Bridg. Leg. Bib.. 105.
No English Reports are more frequently cited in Ame-
rican courts than those of Durnford and East.
Durnford, W. Trafalgar: a Poem, 1807.
Durslon, Wm., M.D. Med. con, to Phil. Trans.,
1669. '70.
Dury, Alex. Be Terrae Motu, Genev., 1721, 4to.
Dury, John, a Scotchman and a Jesuit. Confutatio
Responsiunis G. Whitakeri, &c., Paris, 1582, Svo.
Dury, John, a Scotch divine, who laboured to unite
the Lutherans and the Calviuists, and subsequently to pro-
mote a union between all Christians. Among his works
are Consultatio theologico super ucgocio Pacis Ecclesiast,,
Lon., 1641, 4to. A Model of Ch. Government, 1647, -Ito.
Earnest plea for Gospel Communion, 1664. Summary
DUS
DWI
Platfonn of Divinity. 1654. See a list of others in Watt's I George L. Duyckinck also an accomplished scholar are
Bibl. Brit, The piety, zeal, and excellent design of Dury
entitle his memory to great respect. See Tanner: Mosheim;
Benzelius's Slietch of Pury. Helmstadt, 1744; Burnefs
Life of Bedell; Ward's Gresham Professors.
Dusautoy, Frederick. 20 Serms. suitable to the
times, on the first part of the Book of Common Prayer,
Lon., 1S45, 12mo.
Dusautoy, J. A. Reckoner, 1805, 8to.
Uutens, Lewis, 1729-1812, a native of Tours, in
France, took orders in the Church of England, and became
the authors iif the Cyclopedia of American Literature,
embracing Personal and Critical Notices of Authors, and
Selections from their Writings, from the Earliest Period to
the Present Day, with portraits, autograph?, and other
illustrations, N. York, 1856. 2 vols. r. 8vo. This work has
been highly commended by Washington Irving, Edward
Everett, Wm. H. Prescott, Hon. George Bancroft, and
other eminent scholars; and it well deserves a place in
every American library. AVe acknowledge our indebted-
ness to it for many facts in regard to American authors.
Kector'of Elsdon, Northumberland, Xmong his works ?/• Griswold wrote a "Uicism on it which appeared in
are the following : Recherches sur I'Origine des Decou-
Tcrtcs, A-c. Paris, 1766, 2 vols. 8vo; trans, into English,
and pub. at London, 1769, Svo. Memoires d'un Voyageur,
,lte., i.e. Memoirs of a Traveller now in Retirement ; con-
taining Historical, Political, and Literary Anecdotes rela-
tive to Several of the Principal Personages of the Age,
Lon., 1806, 3 vols. Svo. An interesting work. Biblio-
theque Complete et Choisie dans toutes Ics Classes et dans
la plupart des Langues, Lon., 1812, Svo. See a notice of
these and other works of Mr. Dutens in Gent. Mag., Ixxxii.,
Pt. 2. 197, and a long Memoir of him, .afterwards printed
in 4to, from Mr. Nichols, in same vol., 391.
Dntfield, James. Moths, ic., 1748, '49, 4to.
Duthy, John. 1. Provisions. 2. Corn, 1800, '01.
Button, Francis. South Australia and its Mines,
Lon., 1846, Svo.
" The best bonk whirh has yet issued from the press, descriptive
of the resources of this thriving colony."— ioii. Minuig J,mrniil,
Dutton, H. F. History made Easy, 1799-1809, 3
vols. 12mo.
Dutton, Hely. Obs. on Archer's Statis. Survey of
the Co. of Dublin, Dub!., 1802, Svo. Statis. and Agricult.
Surveys of the Counties of Clare and Galway, Dubl., 1809
and 1814, Svo.
'•The condition and usa^ies of these remote and benighted parts
of Ireland are very sensibly delineated by the author, who seems
to have well known the statistics and circumstances which required
the representiition."— Z>onaWstin"5 AgricuU. Biog.
Dutton, Henry. Connecticut Digest, N. Haven, 1833,
Svo. The arrangement of this Digest is analytical instead
of alphabetical, viz. : 1st, Rights of Persons; 2d. Of Things;
3d, Of Wrongs and their Remedies; 4th, Of Chancery;
6th, Of Crimes.
Dutton, John, alias Prince Dutton. Farewell to
Temple-Bar, 1694, 4to.
Dutton, M. R., 17S3-1S25, of N. Haven, Connecticut,
pub. a Course of ^Mathematics.
Dutton, Matthew. Abridgt. of Irish Statutes, Dubl.,
1718, 4to. Office of Sherifi's, Ac. in Ireland, 1709, '21,
Svo. Law of Landlord and Tenants in do., 1726, 2 vols.
Svo; of Masters and Servants, 1723, Svo; of a Justice of
the Peace, 1726; by Warren, 1727, Svo.
" Like all the other books of this author, it merits little praise."
~Pref. to Sml/th's Juslice, 6.
Diitton, Thomas, Guy Nott, and John Glover.
Warnings of the Eternal Spirit to the City of Edinburgh
in Scotland, Lon., 1710, Svo.
Dutton, Thomas. Pizarro in Peru, from the German
of Kotzebue. Lon., 1799, Svo. The Literary Census; a
Satirical Poem, 1798. Svo. The Wise Man of the East; a
Satirical Poem. ISOO. Svo. Dramatic Censor, or Weekly
Review, Lon., 1800, '01, 4 vols. Svo. Geo. III., 1802, Svo.
Other works.
Duval. Digest of the Laws of Florida, 1S40.
Duval, Francis. Reasons for refusing to continue a
member of the Ch. of Rome, and for joining the Ch. of
England; addressed to his children, Lon.. 1846, 12mo.
Duval, M. Sup. to Smith's Optics, 17S5, 4to.
Du Val, 3Iichael. Rosa Hispani-Anglica, Ac, 4to.
Duverger. Works on French, Lon., 1784-1812.
Duyckinck, Evert A., of the city of New York, has
gained considerable reputation as a critic and accomplished
essayist. He was the first editor of the New York Literary
World, (pub. 1S47-53,) and, after occupying the chair for
about two years, resigned his post to Mr. Charles Fenno
Hoffman. In about a year after this change Mr. Duyckinck
became proprietor and again editor of the periodical. He
•was assisted in his labours by his brother. George L.
Duyckinck. In conjunction with his friend Cornelius
Mathews, Mr. E. A. D. edited Arcturus. a Journal of Books
and Opinions. This periodical was continued for about
two years. Mr. D. h<as also contributed to the New York
Quarterly Review, (pub. 1837-42.) the Democratic Review,
the Morning News, and other periodicals. A highly-com-
plimentary notice of this gentleman will be found in E. A.
Poe's Literati. Mr. E. A. Duyckinck and his brother, Mr.
the New Y^ork Herald. Feb. 13. 1S56. and which he after-
wards pub. in pamphlet form. Edited Wit and Wisdom
of Sydney Smith, with a Memoir. 1856. 12mo.
Duyckinck, George L., of the city of New York,
has contributed a number of essays and reviews to the
periodicals of the day. Life of George Herbert, N.Y.. 1858.
Dwarris, F. Juvenile Essays in Verse. 1805. A
General Treatise on the Statutes, their rules of construc-
tion, and the proper Boundaries of Legislative and Judicial
Interpretation, Lon., 1830, '31, 2 vols. Svo. See Lieber'a
Hermeneutics. Criminal Justice in the W. Indies, 1827, Svo.
Dwisht, Rev. H. G. O. Christianity revived in the
East. N.^York. 12mo; Lon., 1850, p. Svo. Memoir of Mrs.
Elizabeth 0. Dwight, N. I'ork, 12mo.
Dwight, Henry C, of New Haven. Conn., d. 1832.
Travels in the North of Germany in the years 1825, '26,
N. York, 1826.
"This work contains many valuable details, not unmingled,
however, with mistakes, which a longer residence, a closer obser-
vation, or more prepar.atory study, might have enabled a foreign
tourist to avoid." — North American Jtevicw.
Dwight, Jolin S., Translator, in conjunction with
others, of Select Minor Poems from the German of Goethe
and Schiller, with Notes, Boston, 12mo. pp. 439. being vol.
iii. of Ripley's Specimens of Foreign Standard Literature,
Boston. 14 vols. 12mo.
••\Vith a proper allowance for the difficulties of the task, we
may. with a good conscience, congratulate Mr. Dwight on his gene-
ral success. Many of the translations are extremely well done." —
George Hancroft. in N, Amn; ii'cc, xlviii. 506.
Dwight, M. A. Grecian and Roman Mythology,
with Prelace by Prof. Tayler Lewis, N. York, 1849, 12mo,
and some on large paper, Svo.
" Admirably adapted to make the subject intelli'-'ible and attract-
ive to teachers and pupils in cltissical schools, aud in the higher
English semin^uies."— Prop. W. S. Tvlir, of Amherst folkge.
Dwight, N. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration
of Independence. N. York. 12mo.
Dwight, Samuel. De Vomitione, Ac, Lon., 1722,
Svo. De Hydropibus, 1725, Svo. De Febribus, 1731, Svo.
Dwight, Sereno O., D.D., 1786-1S50, a native
of Greenfield, Connecticut, was a son of Dr. Timothy
Dwight, President of Yale College. In 1803 he graduated
at Yale College, where he was for some time a tutor. He
subsequently studied law, which he resigned for divinity.
His best-known publications are a life of his great-grand-
father, Jonathan Edwards, and an edition of his works,
1830, 10 vols. Svo; and the Hebrew Wife, (.an Illustration
of the Jewish Laws of Marriage,) pub. iu 1S36. See In-
ternational Mag., N. York, 1850, ii. 195. A voL of Dr.
Dwight's Select Discourses, with a Memoir of his Life, by
W. T. Dwight, D.D.. has been pub. since his decease.
Dwight, Theodore. Hist, of the Hartford Conven-
tion, 1833, Svo. See N. American Rev., xxxix. 208. Mr.
Dwight was secretary of the Convention. Character of
Thomas Jefferson, 1839, 12mo. Diet, of Roots and Deri-
vations. Schoolmaster's Friend. The Father's Book,
12mo. The Roman Republic of 1849, 12mo.
Dwight, Theodore, Jr. Hist, of Connecticut, N.
York, 1841, ISmo. Summer Tour in Northern and Middle
States.
Dwight, Timothy, D.D., May 14, 1752-January 11,
1817, was a native of Northampton, Massachusetts. His
father was a merchant, a miin of exemplary character arid
cultivated mind, who had been so fortunate as to obtain in
marriage the hand of Mary, the third daughter of the cele-
brated Jonathan Edwards. We say fortunate, — for Mrs.
Dwight was worthy of her illustrious parentage, and under
her assiduous care the young Timothy had more than the
mere name to remind him of his scriptural namesake.
When 13 years of age he entered Yale College, and in
1769 graduated with distinguished honours. His varied
acquirements eminently qualified him for the ofl&ce of tutor
in his alma mater; and when he resigned this post at the
age of 25, the students almost to a man signed a petition
to the corporation that he should be called to the presi-
dential chair. The presentation of this request was only
635
DWI
prevented by the interference of the object of such flatter-
ing regard.
When about 19, Dwight commenced the composition of
his principal poem, an epic in eleven books, entitled The
Conquest of Canaan; completed in 1774, when the author
was not quite 23 years of age.
*■ \^ e are inclined to think there is somethinj!: too unpoetical In
the author's adapt,ition of manners to the pt- rsons of his poem.
He h.as studied (to use his own words) 'a medium between abso-
lute barbarism and modern refinement. In the best characters,
he has endeavoured to represent such manners as are removed
from the peculiarities of .tny age or country, and might belong to
the ambiblti and virtuous of every ape.' . . . Corresponding with
the laws which the author presciibed to himself in his Conquest
of Canaan, he made e^ery thing too common. There is little'that
is really distinctive, little that is truly orient.il, about any of his
persons or scenes. A certain equable current of unexceptionable,
and oftentimes pleasing, thoughts and expressions flows through
the poem. It is occasionally animated, and. in description, some-
times picturesque and poetical. The versification, though greatly
monotonous, having little variety in the pau.ses. is for the most
part uncommonly smooth. In the expression of strong emotion,
there is avoidance of all offensive extravagance, if it do not reach
the genuine ardour or pathos of the highest order of poetry.
Having said thus much, we fear we have said all that is due to tli'is
poetical work: nor do we say this to deduct anv thing from the
high and well-deserved reputation of President Bwigbt. It is but
the lot of a single man to excel in every thing; and it is often our
misfortune to make a false estimate of our own powers, and to
stake too much of our intellectual wealth on the race in which we
are unable to reach the goal."— S. Willard. N. Ame.r. Rn\,-f\\. 347.
" Some of the passages which I have c[uoted from the Conquest
of Canaan are doubtless equal to any American poetry produced
at this period."— G^-!SK)(j/(f. I Pf^s and Padi-y of America, to which
we acknowledge our obligations for many of the facts narrated in
this article.
_ In 1777 Dwight was licensed to preach in the Congrega-
tJonnl Church, and in the same year entered the army as a
chaplain; resigned his commission in 177S ; became pastor
of the Congrcg.ational Church in Greenfield, Conn., 1783;
President of Yale College from 1795 until his death in
1817. Besides acting as President, Dr. Dwight discharged
the responsibilities appertaining to the posts of stated
preacher, professor of theology, and instructor of the Se-
nior Class. The following is a list of his works:
1. America, a Poem in the style of Pope's Windsor Fo-
rest, 1772. 2. The History, Eloquence, aud Poetry of the
Bible, 1772. 3. The Conquest of Canaan, an Epic Poem,
1785. 4. An Election .Sermon, 1791. 5. The Genuineness
and Authenticity of the New Testament, 1793. 6. Green-
field Hill a Poem. 1794. 7. The Triumph of Infidelity, a
Satire, 1797. 8. Two Discourses on the Nature and Dan-
ger of Infidel Philosophy, 1797. 9. Serm. on the death of
Ehza Goodrich, 1797. 10. The Duty of Americans in the
Present Crisis, 1798. 11. Discourse" on the Character of
Washington, ISOO. 12. Discourse on some Events in the
last Century, 1801. 13. Serm. on the death of E. G. Marsh,
1804. 14. Sermon on Duelling, 1805. 15. Sermon at the
Andover Theolog. Seminary, 1808. 16. Serm. on the ordi-
nation of E. Pearson, 1808. 17. Sermon on the death of
Governor Trumbull, 1809. IS. Sermon on Ch.arity. 181 0.
19. Sermon at the ordination of N. W. Taylor, 1812.
20. Serm. on two days of Public Fasting, 1812. ' 2l! Serm!
before the Araer. Ed. of I^oreign Missions, 1S13. 22. Re-
marks on a Review of Inchiquin's Letters, pub. in Lon.
Qu.ar. Rev. for Jan., 1814, addressed to the R. H. George
Canning, Esq., l)y an Inhabitant of New Engbuid, 18l'5.
23. Oijservations on Language, 1816. 24. Essay on Light,
1816. 25. Theology Explained and Defended.'in a Series
of 173 Sermons. Middletown, Conn., 1818, Ac, 5 vols. Svo;
Lon., 1S19, Svols. 8vo; 1822, 5 vols. 8vo; 1823, 5 vols. Svo ;
1824, 5vols. ISmo; 1827, 5 vols. 18mo ; 1828, 6 vols. 24mo;
1840, 5 vols. 18mo; 6 vols. Svo; 1 vol. imp. Svo. New
Amer. edit., with Memoir of the Author, N. York, 1S46, 4
vols. Svo. 26. Semis., Edin., 1828, 2 vols. Svo. 27. Travels
in New England and New York, New Haven, 1821, 4 vols.
Svo; N. York, 1822. 4 vols. Svo; Lon., 1823, 4 vols. Svo.
These notes of travels are the results of historical, topo-
graphical, and statistical collections made during trips in
the summer vacations.
"The work before us, though the humblest in its pretences, is
the most importantof his writings.and will derive addilinnal value
from time, whatever m.ay become of bis poetry and of his sermons.
... A wish to gratify those who. a hundred years hence, might
feel curiosity concerning his native country, uiade him resolve to
prepare a faithful description of its existing state. Ho made notes
therefore, and collected on the spot. . . . The remarks upon natu-
ral history are those of an ob.servant and sagacious man who makes
no pretensions to science; thev are more interestin-', therefore
than those of a merely scientiflc traveller; and, indeed, science is
not less indebted to such observers, than history to the faithful
chroniclers and humljler annalists of former times."— Kobert Sou-
THEv. in Lim. Quar, Rev., xxx. 1.
One would hardly suppose, from the disparaging refer-
DTC
ence which Mr. Southey makes to Dr. Dwight's " Sermons,"
that his "Theology" was even at that time (1823) in high
estimation with the best judges ; yet such was the case :
nor IS there much danger that this profound and compre-
' hensive work will ever lose the position which it has so
justly acquired :
I "Xo production of the transatlantic press has met with so fa-
vourahe a reception in this country, and experienced so extensive
1 ? cireid-ilion, as this work of President Dwight. Kor is its popu-
larity likely to be ephemeral. It bears the impress of a most p.' w-
erful mind, and will pass down to posterity, both in the Old and
r»ew « orld. as the work of one of the master-spirits of the Chris-
tian Church.' -Ormt's BM. Bib.
" Few books have been more cordially received, or more widely
circulated, than this work of Professor Dwight. The doctrinal sen-
timents which it contains are those of moderate Calvinism- the
arrangement is distinct and methodical, [Mr. Orme thinks other-
wise:] the general style and manner chaste and neat, well adapted
to the development of a scheme of didactic theology. It is not
a work of extraordinary depth or originality of thought; but is
worth reading, and is very useful as a book of reference."— IP*
hanis s Christian Preacher.
" Dwight's theology, while we agree not in its statements on
church government, and long to see in it more of that divine unc-
tion w-hlch draws the heart to the full enjoyment of communion
with (jod in Christ, is still the work of a powerful and intilli-ent
mind, holding scriptural views of divine truth."— Acllcrite^/rs
Christian Student.
The reader should peruse the Life of Dr. Dwight, by his
son Screno 0. Dwight, D.D., (see the name,) the biography
by Dr. Sprague, and consult Griswold's Prose Writers of
America, and Poets and Poetry of America, for specimens
of the compositions of a writer whose name casts no feeble
lustre upon the literary annals of America
Dwyer, P. W. The Shield of G. Brit, and Ireland:
a P.iem, Lon., 1803, 4to. The Soldier of Fortune; a Co-
medy, Svo.
Dyasoii, Wm. Poet, and Prose Works, 1804, 7 vols.
Uyce, Rev. Alexander, b. at Edinburgh, June 30,
1797. is a son of General Dyce, who was attached to the
East India service. He w.as educated at Edinburgh and
Oxford; took holy orders, and served as curate ,at Lante-
I gh.s in Cornwall, .and Nayland in SufiFolk. Inl827hemade
London his permanent residence. In this year he pub.
Specimens of British Poetesses, selected and chronologi-
I cally arrangerl, cr. Svo. The Select Tninslations from
Qumtus Suiyrna>us g.ave the world an opportunity to judge
of Mr. Dyce's classical sehoLarship, and he h.as evinced his
critical acumen and intimate acquaintance with the myste-
I ries of old English literature by his editions of Greene,
Webster, Shirley, Middleton, Skelton, Beaumont and
Fletcher, Marlowe, Peele, Bentley, Collins, Shakspeare,
Pope, Akenside, Bcattie, Kemp's Nine Days' Wonder, the
tragedies of Timon and Sir Thomas More, "VVotton's Poems,
Porter's Angrie Women of Abington, and some of Dray-
ton's Poems. To these must be added Specimens of Eng-
lish Sonnets from the Earl of Surrey to AVordsworth,
Remarks on Collier's aud Knight's editions of Shakspeare,
A Few Notes on Shakspeare, — a review of Mr. Collier's
newly-discovered folio, — pub. in 1S53, and his new .and
complete ed. of the works of William Shakspeare. The
text revised. With account of the Life, Plays, and edi-
tions of Sh.akspeare, Notes, Ac, 6 vols, demi Svo. Fine
Portrait, from the Stratford Bust, Completed, 185S.
" The long and anxiously expected Labours of Mr. Dyce have at
bast furnished — what was most wanted— an edition of the great
poet presenting the most perfect text now to be obtained, with
brief annotations, siifticient for all practical purposes."— i>n.yf/;ifTi.
".Mr. Dyce not unfrequently injures the real value of liis own
knowledge by displaying something of the same sneering and
self-satisfied temper with which Steevens was accnstomeil to .-issail
his brother commentators."- A'jii:(7;i('s Eng. Cyc, Dii: Biog., vol. ii.
Mr. Dyce is said to be now engaged upon a translation
of Athen»us. We have already h,ad occasion to refer to
some of the labours of this industrious commentator, and
sh.all have other opportunities as we pass under review the
authors whose merits he has illustr.atcd and whose obscuri-
ties he has explained. As to the erudition aud critical
taste of Mr. Dyce in the department of literature which
he has selected, we presume there will be no question, save
perhaps on the part of that rivalry which is always slow
to perceive merit in dissent. The following brief testi-
monies from three eminent authorities must suffice for the
present article:
" Vie hike this opportunity of expressing our very high opinion
of the diligence, skill, and judgment of the Rev. Alexander Dyce,
whose editions of Peele. Greene, and Webster, leave little to desire,
and still less tn improve." — Ijon. Qitar. lini.
" We think that no materials ever laid before the public are so
well calculated to advance the intelligent study of our immortal
poet (8bakspeare] as Mr- Dyres unpretending aude.xcellent editions
of Peele .ind tireene." — £/lin. Rev.
" The acknowledged reputation of Mr. Dyce as a reformer of cof
DYC
DYM
mpt texts is too widely extended to he increaped by our eulogy.
Suffice it then to sUito that he has spared nt-itber industry nor
pains to produce a perfect copy of these immortal dramas, [Flays
of Beaumont and Fletcher."] — Lmi. Literary Gazette.
The same excellent periodical thus compliments Mr.
Djce'slatepublication — A Few Notes on Shakspeare, 1S53:
'• Mr. Dyce s Notns are peculiarly deli^'htful, from the stores of
illustration with which his extensive readinir, not only amonj^ our
writers, but amnng those ot othercuuntries.especially of the Italian
poets, has enabled him to enrich them. AH that he has recorded
is valuable. We read his littla volume with pleasure and close it
with rei'ret."
Dyche, Thomas. Educational Works, 1710, &c.
Dycknian, Jacob, M.D., 17SS-1822, a native of
Tonkers, West Chester co., N. York, practised medicine in
the city of N. York. Pathology of Human Fluids. Dun-
can's Dispensatory, ISIS. Adipocire; Trans. N. Y. Ly-
ceum. He contemplated writing a work on the Vegetable
Materia Medica of the U. States, and had made collections
for this purpose.
Dyde, W. Hist, and Antiq. of Tewkesbury, Tewk.,
1790, Svo; 2d ed.. with addits., 1798, Svo.
Dyer, SirEdward,b. about 1540? d. a few years after
the accession of James I., was employed in several foreign
embassies by Elizabeth. He was educated at Oxford,
studied chemistry, associated with Dr. Dee and Edward
Kelly, and was thought to be a Rusicrucian. He wrote
pastoral odes and madrigals, some of which will be found
in England's Helicon, repub, in the Brit. Bibliographer.
A number of his compositions are still in MS. See Athen.
Oxon.; Brydges's Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum ; Brit.
Bibliog. ; Ellis's Specimens; Gent. Mag., 1S13, p. 525.
Dyer, George, of Clifford's Inn, 1755-1S41. An En-
quiry into the Nature of Subscription to the 39 Articles,
1790, Svo; enlarged 1792; against subscription. Poems,
1792, 4to. Poems and Critical Essays on Poetry, 1802, 2
vols. Svo. Poetics, 1812, 2 vols. Svo. Four Letters on the
Eng. Constitution, 1813, 8vo. History of the University
and Colleges of Cambridge, including notices relating to
the Founders and Eminent Men, 1814. 2 vols. Svo. The
Privileges of the University of Cambridge, together with
additional observations on its History, Antiquities, Litera-
ture, and Biography, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. Other works. He
contributed the original portions (save the preface) to Val-
py's Classics, 141 vols. On this work he was engaged from
1819 to 1830. He edited two plays of Euripides and the
Greek Testament. Charles Lamb says of Dyer, besides a
notice which we do not care to repeat, of two vols, of his
poems, pub. in 1S02:
"D. is delij;htful everywhere, but he is best in such places as
these. . . . When he goes about with you to show you the Halls
and Colleges, you think you bare got with you the interpreter of
the House Beautiful." — Ella..
Dyer, George, of Exeter. Restoration of the ancient
Modes of bestowing Names on the Rivers, Hills, Ac, Exe-
ter. 1S05, Svo.
Dyer, Dier, or Deyer, Sir James, 1511-1582, an
eminent lawyer of the Middle Temple, London, Speaker
of the H. of Commons. 1552 ; Chief Justice Common Pleas,
1559, '60. Reports K. B., C. P.. Ex. and Ch., 4 Hen. VIIL-
24 Eliz., (1513-1582.) In French, Lon., 15S5, fol., 1592,
1601, '02, '06, '09, '21, '72. With addits. of Lord Treby's,
1688, fol. In English, by John Vaillant, with addits,, 1794,
3 vols. Svo. Abridgt. in English by Sir Thomas Ireland,
1651, Svo. Abridgts. in French, and law tracts. His Read-
ing on Wills was pub. with Brograve on Jointures, and
Risden on Forcible Entries, 1648, 4to. Dyer's Reports
have been highly commended:
'•Unto the painfull and diligent student they will both now
sufficiently delight to read, and afford pleutifull store of matter
worthie his travaile." — Lord Coke.
" Some humours do more tancy Plowden for his fulness of argu-
ment and plain kind of protif; others do more like Dyer for his
strictness and brevity." — Fulbeck^s Directions.
Dyer, Rev, John, 1700-1758, son of Robert Dyer, a
Welsh solicitor, was educated at Westminster School He
was for a short time employed in the study of the law, but
abandoned it for the life of an itinerant artist. He subse-
quently took holy orders, and had conferred on him the
livings of Calthorpe, Coningsby, Bedford, and Kirkby.
Grongar Hill; a Poem, 1727.
"Grongar Hill is the happiest of his productions: it is not, in-
deed, very accurately written : but the scenes which it displays are
60 pleasing, the images which they raise are so welcome to the
mind, and the reflections of the writer so consonant to the general
sense or experience of mankind, that when it is once read, it will
be read again. ' — Dr. Jounson : Lifn of Dyer.
The Ruins of Rome, a Poem in Blank Verse, Lon., 1740,
4to. This was elicited by a visit to Italy; it was not so
much admired as its predecessor. The Fleece, a Poem in
four books, 1757, 4to. This work treats of
"The care of sheep, the labom'S of the loom."
I Dr. Johnson considers the subject an impracticahlo one
I for poetry:
"The woolcomber and the poet appear to me such discordant
I natures, that an attempt to bring them together is to coupU the
I serpent witli thf fowl, . . . Let me, however, honestly report what-
: ever may counterbalance this weight of censure. I have been told
that Akenside. who, upon a poetical question, has a right to be
j heard, said, 'That he would regulate his opinion of the reigning
1 taste by the fate of Dyer's Fleece, for, if that were ill received, he
should not think it any longer reasonable to expect fame from ex-
cellence.' " — Ubi supra.
Dr. Drake considers Johnson's " stern critique" as unjust,
and devotes several pages to Dyer's vindication :
"But for the harsh censure of the author of the liambler, the
pages of Dyer would now. perhaps, have been familiar to every
lover and judge of nervous and highly finished description. . . .
To refute his strictures upon Dyer can prove a task of no very
formidable kind, and may restore to due rank a poem which con-
tains a vast variety of landscapes, drawn and coloured in the most
spirited and fascinating style." See Drake's Literary Hours, i. IGO,
et seq. ; ii. 35.
A collective edit, of Dyer's works was pub. in 1761, Svo.
Dyer, Richard* A Bleeding Saviour; on I Cor. v.
7, Lou., 167fi, Svo.
Dyer, Samuel, 1725?-1772, a man of considerable
learning, revised in 1758 the English edit, of Plutarch's
Lives. In this he trans, anew the lives of Demetrius and
I Pericles. Malone asserts him to have been the author of
! the Letters of Junius, but offers no proof to support thia
! assumption.
Dyer, Thomas H. Lifeof John Calvin, and extracts
from his Correspondence, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
*' A careful, painstaking, and elaborate book, grounded upon ori-
ginal documents, fspeci:illy Calvin's epistles, and the various bio-
graphies of him that have appeared from the time of Beza to the
three contemporary German volumes of Dr. Henry." — Lon. Athe-
nceum.
Dyer, Wm., d, 1G96, aged 60, a Nonconformist divine,
was ejected in 1602. Late in life he became a Quaker.
Serms., &c., If:i63, '66, '83. Dyer's style has been thought
to resemble Bunyan's.
Dygbey, or Dygbeius. See Digbt.
Dyke, Daniel, d. about 1614, a Puritan divine of great
learning nnd piety, educated at Cambridge, was minister
of Coggeshall, Essex, and at one time settled at St. Alban's.
He was suspended in 158S. Self- Deceiving, Lon., 1614,
4to. Repentance, 1631, 4to.
"These treatises are very searching. His doctrine falls as the
small rain upon the tendei' herb, and as the showers upon the grass.
His works are well written for the times." — WiUiams's Oiristian
Prmchtr.
Six Evangelical Histories, 1617, 4to. Philemon, 1618,
4to. Christ's Temptation, 1631, 4to. "Works, (6th edit, of
some of them.) pub. by Jeremiah Dyke, 1635, 4to.
Bishop Wilkins considers Dyke's sermons as among the
best of his time.
"The writings of Dyke have a singvdar flavour and vigour in
them." — Mather's S/vdeiit.
Dyke, Jeremiah, d. 1620. brother of the preceding,
and also a Puritan divine, was Minister of Epping, Sussex,
in 1609. Sermons and theolog. treatises, Lon., 1619-40,
Worthy Communicant, 1642, Svo.
Dyke, T. Webb. Verses, &c., 1811, Svo.
Dykes. The Iloyal Marriage j King Lemuel's Lesson,
Lon., 1722, Svo.
Dykes, Oswald. Moral Reflections upon Select
English Proverbs, Lon., 1708, Svo. Discourses, 1722, Svo.
Dylliugham, Francis. Serm., Camb., 1605, 12nio.
Dymock, John. Editions of Csesar, Sallust, Ac, for
schoolsj Kuddiman's Latin Rudiments, Glasg., 1812, '19,
&c.
"Mr. Dymock is, by his publications, proving himself a great
friend to the rising generation; and they well deserve the popu-
larity and public favour they have received." — Lou. Lit. Gazftte.
Dymoud, Jonathan, 1796-1828, a native of E.^eter,
England, was a memlier of the Society of Friends, and a
linen-draper. In 1823 he pub. an Inquiry into the Accord-
ancy of War with the Principles of Christianity. This
work did much to promote that earnest advocacy of Peace
between nations which in our day has so startled and
amazed the diplomatists of the Old School. Dymond had
been deeply persuaded of the great influence fur good
which could be effected by a comprehensive exhibition of
the true principles of morality as based upon the only in-
fallible standard, the Word of God. To a preparation of
a work of this character he devoted himself with great
assiduity ; rising early to his pleasing task, and embracing
every interval of leisure from business to forward his phi-
lanthropic design.
In May, 1828, whilst preparing his work for publication,
he died of a consumption, from which he had been a severe
sufl'erer since the spring of 1S26. His Essay on the Prin-
ciples of Morality, and on the Private and Political Rights
537
DYM
and Obligations of Mankind, was pwb. in London, in 1829,
2 vols. 8vo. The 5th edit, appeared in 1.^52, Lon., 8vo.
Several edits, have been circulated in America also. A
long review of this work by Robert Southey, will be found
in the London Quarterly Review, xliv. 83-120. Whilst we
do not pretend to endorse all of Mr. Dymnnd's premises
and conclusions, yet we must record our conviction that
his essay is one of the most valuable works in the lan-
guage, and should be carefully studied by all who would
desire to maintain '* a conscience void of offence towards God
and man."
'' Whether we regard the soundness of his reasonings, the tem-
per, candour, and wis:dom of his conclusions, the elegance of his
style, the felicity of his illustrations, or the singularly excellent
spirit which pervades the whole, it is entitled to rank high in the
highest class of ethical productions."— Professor George Bush :
JVf/. to Amer. eilit.
" He takes the word of God as his infallible standard of rectitude
by which to weiih all actions, and with a clear head and an honest
conscience he follows his principles wherever they lead, knowing
they can never lead wrong. It is amusing as well as instructive
to see with what ease he overthrows all the previous standards of
rectitude which varinus men had set up — as utility, expediency.
&c.; and establishes the great ceutml truth, that the will of God
is the only inlallible standard by which to judge concerning the
EAR
right or wrong of actions."— Prof. C. D. Cleveland: English Lit.
of the \Wi Century,
Dyos, Johu. A Sermon preached at Paules Crosse,
the I'Jth of Juli, 1579, Lon., 1599, 16mo.
Dysart, Earl of. Rational Catechism, Amst., 1712.
Dyson, Humphrey. A Booke containing all svch
Proclamations as were pvbUshed dvring the Raigne of the
late Qveenc Elizabeth, Lon., 161S, fol.
Dyson, Jeremiah. Election for Middlesex, Lon.,
4to. Epistle to Mr. Warburton, occasioned by his treat-
ment of the author of the Pleasures of the Imagination,
Lon.. 1744, Svo ; anon. Dyson was the generous patron
of Akenside. See Akenside, Mark, M.D.
Dyson, Richard. R, The Uistory and Antiquities
of the Parish of Tottenham-higb-cross, by H. G. Oldfield
and Dyson. Lon., 1790. Svo; 2d ed., 1792, Svo.
Dyson, Theophilus^ Surgeon. Med. con. to Memoirs
Med., 1792, 1805.
Dyve, Sir Lewis. A Letter from him, giving an Ac-
count of his Escape out of the Court of King's Bench,
1648, 4to. Letter to the Lord Marquis of Newcastle, giv-
ing an account of the conduct of the King's Affairs in Ire-
land from 1648 to 1650, Hague, 1650, 4to.
E.
Eachard, John, D.D.. 1636-1697, a natire of Suffolk,
England, admiltoil at Catherine H.all. Cambridge, 1653;
Fellow, 165S; Master, 1675. The Grounds and Occasions
of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion Inquired into,
Lon., 1670, Svo. Observ. upon the Answer to the Inquiry,
1671, 12mo. Hobhes's State of Nature Considered in a
Dialogue between Philautus and Timothy, 1672, 12mo.
Some Opinions of Ilobbes's Considered in a 2d Dialogue
between Philautus and Timothy, 1673. 12mo. Noncon-
forming Preachers, 1673, 12mo. Works, 1705, Svo ; 171i,
12mo. With a Life by Thos. Davies, with the as.sistance of
Drs. Johnson and Farmer, 1774, 3 vols. 12nio. Eachard's
Dialogues exposing the absurdity of Ilobbes's so-called
philosophy, made even that conceited dogmatist sensitive :
" I was in company with Hobbes when he swore and cursed, and
raved like a madman at the mention of Dr. Kachard's Timothy and
Philautus. "—Da. Hickes.
Dr. Warton and Mr. Granger remark that Swift had evi-
dently studied the works of Eachard. The divine was
noted for his success in ridicule, but on subjects of a serious
character did not appear to much advantage. Baker, of
St. John's College, Cambridge, was greatly disappointed
"when he went to hear him preach, and Swift tells us
" I have known men happy enough at ridicule, who, upon grave
subjects, were perfectly stupid; of which Dr. Eachaid. of Cam-
bridge, who writ The Contempt of the Clergy, was a great instance."
Eachard, John. Serms., 1645, '46, 4to.
Eachard. See Echard.
Eades, John. Clear and Comprehensive View of the
Gospel Ministry, 17S7,Svo. Revised by J. Hutton. lS19,8vo.
Eadie, John. Scripture P.araphrases in Latin Verse.
Keign of Geo. III. and other Poems, Glasg., 1S18, 12mo.
Eadie, John, D.D., LL.D., Prof, of Hcrmeneutics and
Evidences to the United Presbyterian Church. Biblical
Cyclopedia, 6th ed., Lon. and Glasg., 1857, p. Svo.
"We give it our most cordial and unhesitating recommenda-
tion."— Ltyti. Evangd. Mag.
Concord.ance to the Scriptures, 12th ed., 1853. Dictionary
of the Bible for the Young, 1849, 18mo; 4th ed., 1855, sm.
8vo. Lectures on the Bible to the Young, 1848, 12mo ; 2d
ed., 1852. Earlv Oriental History, 1851, p. Svo. Comment,
on the Greek Tc.xt of St. Paul to the Ephesians, 1853, Svo.
The Divine Love, a series of Doctrinal, Practical, and E.x-
perimental Discourses, 1855, 12mo. Prof Eadie is one of
the authors of Griffin's Cyclopaedia of Biography, edited
by Elihu Rich, Lon. and Glasg., 1854, p. Svo.
Eadmer, d. 1 124 ? the friend and biographer of Ansclm,
■was elected Bishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, 1120, but
was never consecrated. His principal work is the Historia
Novorum, or History of his Own Times, 1066-1122. It
was first printed by Selden, Lon., 1623, fol.
A Life of St. Anselm, 1093-1109. Often printed with
Anselm's works, and also by Wharton in the Anglia Sacra.
The Lives of St. Wilfrid, St. Oswald, St. Duustan, and
others. Also in the Anglia Sacra.
Eadon, John. Arithniet. works, 1793, Ac.
Eagle, F. K., .and E. Younge. Cases relating to
Tithes from the Roign of K. J"hn to the 6th Geo. IV.,
lion., 1826, 4 vols. r. Svo. An invaluable digest.
Eagle, Fra. New Theory of Pulmonary Consump-
tion. Lon.. 1839, Svo.
Eagle, P. A. Lifo-Assurance Manual, Lon., 1852, Svo.
Eagle, >Vm. 1. Making of Wills. 2. Case of Evans
V. Rowc, 1827. 3. Law of Tithes, 1836, 2 vols. r. Svo. 4.
Acts for Conimu. of Tithes ; 3d ed.. 1843, 12mo. 5. Magis-
trate's Pocket Companion ; 2d cd.. 1844, 12mo.
Eagles, Kev. John. 1. The Sketcher, Lon., 1856,
Svo. 2. Essays. 1857. Svo. 3. Sonnets, 1658. See Lon.
Athen., 1858. Pt. 2, 137.
Eagles, Thomas. 1. Mountain Melodies, and other
Poems, Lon., Svo. 2. Rclvcdder, Earon Kolff, and other
Poems, Svo. 3. Brendallah ; a Poem, 1838, Svo.
Ealred. See Ailred op Rievaox.
Eames, Mrs. Elizabeth J., formerly Miss Jesup, a
native of New Y'ork, has contributed m.any excellent po-
etical compositions to the New Y'orker, The Tribune, Gra-
ham's Magazine, and The Southern Literary Messenger.
The Crowning of Petrarch, Cleopatra, and the Sonnets to
Milton, Dryden, Addison, and Tasso are deserving of warm
commendation.
" ■■^hi- wiit.s with feeling: but she regards poetry as an art, and
to the lullivation of it she brings her best powers. While thoughtr
ful and earnest, therefore, her pieces are for the most part distiu-
guisheJ foia taseteful elegance."— GrisiooWs Female Potts of Amer.
Eames, Jane A., of Massachusetts, is favourably
known as the authoress of My Mother's Jewel, Agnes and
Eliza, and other religious works for the young, pub. by the
Prot, Epis. S. S. Union.
Eames, Johu, d. 1744, pub. a number of papers on
mathematics, natural philos., &c. in the Phil. Trans., 1726-
42. In conjunction with J. Martyn he pub. an abridgt. of
the Phil. Trans., 1719-1733, in 1734, 2 vols. 4to.
Earbery, Matthias. Deism, 1697, Svo. Power of
the Prince, 1717, Svo. Hist, of the Clemency of our Eng-
lish Monarchs, 1717, Svo. Vindication of ditto, 1720, 12mo.
The Pretended Reformers, 1720, Svo. Earl of Notting-
ham's Answer to Whiston, Ac, 1721, Svo. The Occasional
Historian, 4 Nos. in 1 vol. Svo, 1730-32. Earbery under-
went much persecution.
Earl, George W. Eastern Seas; or. Voyages and
Adventures in the Indian Archipelago, 1832, '33, '34, Lon.,
1837, Svo.
" Mr. Earl's volume contains much that is novel, communicated
in an unalTeoted and agreeable manner."' — Lo7i. Athcnteum.
Enterprise in Tropical Australia, 1846, p. Svo. Native
Races of Indi.anArchipelago— Papuans, (Ethnograph.Lib.,)
Lon., 1853, Svo. Trans, of D. H. Kolfi", Jr.'a Voyages of
the Dutch Brig of War Dourga.
Earle, Augustus. Residence in New Zealand in
1827, with a Journal of a Residence in Tristan d'Acunha,
Lon.. p. Svo. . . , .. ■
" Mr. Karle's journal gives us much curious miormation in a
very agreeable manner.'" — Zo«. Literary Gazette.
Earl, Jabez,D.D., 1676?-1768, adissenting mmister,
pub. a number of serms., theolog. treatises, Ac, 1706-35.
Treatise on the Sacrament, 1707, Svo. Often reprinted.
New ed., 1816, Svo. His style is
".ludicious, pathetic, and very laconic."— DR. DonnnnjOE.
A small collection of Poems in Latin and English.
EAB
Earle, Sir James, Knt., Surgeon, Chirurgical Works
of Percival Pntt. with a Life. Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo ; ISUS,
3 vols. Svo. Hydrocele, 1791, Svo ; '.id ed., 1S05. Opera-
tiou for the Stone. 1793, '96, Svo. Curved Spine, 1799, Svo.
Cataract, 1801, Svo. Fractures, 1807, Svo. Hiemorrhoidal
Excre.scence?. 1807, Svo. Calculus; see Phil. Trans., 1809.
Earle, or Earles, John, HiOl-IOfio, entered at Mer-
ton Coll., Oxford, 1620, became cbaplaiu and tutor to Prince
Charles, and accompanied him in his exile. On the Resto-
ration he was made Dean of AVestminster, consecrated
Bishop of AVorcester in 1662, and transferred to Salisbury
in 1663. Mierocosmograpbie: or, A Pecce of the World
discovered in Es^ayes and Characters, Lon., 1628, Svo; 6th
ed., 1630, 12mo; I'oth ed., Salisbury, 17S6. New ed. (7S
characters) with Notes and Appendix, by Philip Bliss, Lon.,
1811, sm. Svo. This ed. contains a Catalogue of the various
Writers of Character to the year 1700.
'•Perhaps the most valuable collection of characters, previous to
the year ITnii, is that published by Bishop Earle, in lt>2S, uuder the
title I if Mirrorawiiigraplti/, aud which maybe considered as a pretty
fiiitbful di-liDe;ttiou of many classes of characters as they existed
during the close of the sixteenth, and commencement of the seven-
teenth, century." — iJrake's ShaLspi:are and Jlis Times.
An Elegy upon Francis Beaumont, by Bishop Earle, will
be found printed at the end of Beaumont's Poems, 16-tO.
He trans, into Latin the Eikon Basilike, (Hague, 1649.)
and Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity; the last was destroyed
by the carelessness of his servants. The character of
Bishop Earle was most exemplary. Warton declares that
since the death of the celebrated Hooker, none have lived
■" Whom God hath blest with more innocent wisdom, more sanc-
tified learnini;, or a more pious, peaceable, piimitive temper."
Bishop Burnet tells us that Earle
" Was the man of all the clergy for whom the king had the
greatest esteem."
Earle, Rev. John. Remarks on the Prefaces to the
first and second vols, of I>r. Geddes's Bible.
£arle, \Vm., Jr. The Welshmen ; a Romance. 1801,
4 vols. Welsh Legends, 1801, 12mo. Trifles; in Verse,
1803, 12mo. Obi ; or, Hist, of Three-fingered Jack, 12mo.
Earle, >Vm. Heusoii, 1740-1796, reprinted from a
scarce pamphlet an exact Relation of the famous Earth-
quake and Eruption of Mount Etna, 1669, to which he
added a Letter from himself to Lord Lyttelton, Lon., 1775,
Svo. Earle was a munificent benefactor to various chari-
ties in Bristol, Winchester, and Salisbury.
Earlom, Richard, 1742-1822, an eminent engraver
of London. Liber Veritatis ; or, A collection of Prints
after Claude Lorraine, with descriptions, Lon., 1777-1804,
3 vols, fob Baker's sale, 257, vols. i. and ib, and Nos. 1
and 2 of vol. iii., £55 138. Fonthill, 2250. 3 vols., £91 7s.
Portraits of Characters illustrious in English History, by
Rich. Earlom and Turner, 1813, 4to.
Earnest, Robert. Vaccination, Lon., 1S07, Svo.
Earnshaw, C The Wreath; Puet. Gleanings, 1801,
Svo.
Earnshaw, James. Abstract of Penal and other
Statutes rel. to the Customs, Lon., 1793-1807, 3 vols. Svo.
Earnshaw, Thomas. Time-keepers, *tc., Lon., 1806,
'09. Svo.
Earnshaw, Wm,, M.D. Profess. Case, Phil. Trans, iii.
Earnshaw, Wni, Laws rel. to Shipping, Ac, Lon.,
1818, 8vn. l)in;cst of Acts rel. to Shipping, Ac, 1820, Svo.
Earsden, John. Ayres, 161S.
Earnulph. See Ek.nulph.
Eason, Alex., M.D. Med, Com., 1776.
Eason, Alex., Surgeon. Med. Com., ii., v., viii.
Eason, L. Guide to Salvation, Bruges, 1693, Svo.
East, 1). J, Western Africa; its Condition, and Chris-
tianity the Means of its Recovery, Lon., 1844, 12mo.
'■The analysis of your book embraces almost all the topics re-
lating to Africa worthy of notice: and if they are well handled, as
I have no doubt they will be. will form a very valuable and useful
work." — Thomas Cfarlson to the Autfior.
"I have read with great attention the analysis of your forth-
coming biiok, with which I am much pleased." — Sir T. F. Buxton
to the. Author.
East, Sir Edward Hyde. King's Bench Reports,
lSOO-12, Lon.. 1801-14, 16 vols. Svo. New ed. by Thos.
Day, Phila., 1817, 16 vols. Svo. With Notes, by George M.
Wharton, of the Phila. Bar, 1845, 16 vols, in S, Svo. No-
thing is omitted in Mr. Wharton's ed., and the reader has
the advantage of his notes as well as those of Mr. Day.
The price of the last ed. is but $25. Mr. Day's ed. was
pub. at $72. The value of East's Reports is too well known
to render comment necessary. See Burnford, C, and
East, E. H.
Pleas of the Crown; or a General Treatise on the Prin-
ciples and Practice of Criminal Law, Lon., 1S03, 2 vols.
EAS
Svo ; Phila., 1S06, 2 vols. In the preparation of this work
the compiler expended the industry of fifteen years.
'• He has presented to the world a production which is entitled
to the praise of accuracy, neatness, and conciseness; a classical
performance in its kind." — Lon. MonVily Jttvinv. 1. 420.
See Warren's Law Studies. 2d ed., 1845. 620.
East, John. Serm.. 1819, Svo. Sabbath Meditations
in Prose and Verse, 182S, 2 vols. Svo. The Happy Moment,
1S35, ISmo. Other works.
East, Thomas. Death-Bed Scenes, Lon., 1S25, 12mo.
'* A welcome cnnipauion on the bed of sickness and death.'" —
Lou-nries's Brit. Lib.
Other works.
Eastborn, Rev. James M'allis, d. 1819, aged 22,
an American poet, a native of New York, is best known as
a colleague of Robert C. Sands in the composition of Ya-
moyden, a Tale of the Wars of King Philip, pub. at New
York in 1820. Some interesting particulars concerning
Mr. Efistburn will be found in Griswold's Poets and Puetry
of America, Uthed., 1852. p. 213, article Robert C. Sands.
Eastbnrn, Manton, D.D., Bishop of the Prot. Epis.
Church of Massachusetts, was born in England, Feb. 9,
1801. He was consecrated assistant bishop of Mass., Dec.
29, 1842, and in 1843, by the decease of Rt. Rev. W. Gris-
wold, became bishop of that diocese. Lectures on the
Epist. of St. Paul to the Philippians. N. York, 1S33, 8vo.
Bp. E. has pub. a number of sermons and charges, edited
Thornton's Family Prayers, and delivered literary lectures
on various occasions.
Eastcott, Rev. Richard. Sketches of the Origin,
Progress, and Effects of Music. Bath, 1793, Svo.
"An entertaining compilation by an enthusiastic admirer of
music." — Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Easterbrook,Jos. Appeal to the Public, Bristol, Svo.
Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, an eminent painter,
b. at Plymouth, Devonshire, in 1793, was elected President
of the Royal Academy in 1850. 1. Trnns. of Goethe's
Theory of Colours, Lon., 1S40, Svo. 2. F. Kugler's Hand-
Boukof Painting, trans, by a Lady, edited by SirCh.L. E.,
2 parts, r. Svo, 1842, '43; 2d ed., 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo.
*' By fiir the best manual we ai-e acquainted wiih." — Lon. Eccle-
siastic.
3. Materials for a Hist of Oil Painting, 1S47, Svo.
'* From the invention of oil painting to this day. Mr. Eastlake's
volume carefully examines and states every ascertainable particu-
lar, and fairly settles questions of priority and mt;rit.' — Lou. Lite-
rary Giueite.
4. Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts, 1S4S,
Svo.
" There cannot be a doubt that a knowledge of the principles
which }iovern any branch of art must greatly increase the power
of the artist, as it certainly contributes materially to the pleasure
derived from its contemplation. But neither English painters nor
English critics are overstocked in this respect: and both may be
glad to receive, in a permanent form, such additions as Mr, East-
lake has here made to the literature of the tine arts." — Lon. Exam.
Eastman, Charles G., an American poet, who haa
been connected with the press at Burlington, Woodstock,
and Montpelier, Vermont, pub. a collection of his poems
in 184S, Montpelier, ISmo. He has been highly com-
mended as a successful delineator of the "rural life of New
England."
Eastman, G. W., and Levi S. Fulton. Works
on Book-keeping and Penmanships pub. in New York.
Eastman, Mrs. j>Iary H., is a daughter of Dr.
Thomas Henderson, U. S. Army. In 1835 she was mar-
ried to Capt, S. Eastman, U. S. A. ; and as a companion of
her husband at Fort Snelling and other frontier stations,
has enjoyed e.xcelltnt opportunities of studying the Indian
character, which she has so graphically depicted. Mrs.
Eastman has pub. four works relating to the Aborigines
of America — viz. 1. Dahcotah, or Life and Legends of the
Sioux, N. York, 1849, 12mo. 2. Romance of Indian Life,
Phila., 1852, Svo. Orig. pub. in The Iris of 1852. 3. Ame-
rican Aboriginal Portfolio, illustrated by S. Eastman, U. S.
Army, 1S53, 4to. 4. Chicora, and other Regions of the
Conquerors and Conquered, 1854, sm. 4to.
"Of all the portraitures of Indian life and character that have
been given to the public, none, probably, have come more nearly
to the truth than those by Mrs. Eastman. Her books are among
the very best contributions to our native literature that have lately
appeared." — Prof. Hart; FamtU Prose Wi iters of America, q. v.
In 1852 Mrs. Eastman pub. a novel entitled Aunt Phillis'a
Cabin, intended as a response to Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's
Cabin. The sale of the former work reached 18.000 copies
in a few weeks. She has also contributed to Arthur's Home
Magazine and to other journals.
Eastman, Philip, b. 1799, at Chatham, New Hamp-
shire, grad. at Bowdoin College, 1820. As commissioner
under a resolution of the legislature of Maine, passed Oct.
22, 1840, he edited the revised Statutes of that State. Ho
EAS
ECH
also prepsirefl and published a Di^st of the Maine Reports, '
26 vols.. ISIO.
£as1man, Seth, Capt. in U. S. Army, grad. at West
Point, 1829, b. at Brunswick, Maine, illustrator of the work
pub. by Congress entitled History, Condition, and Future
Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U. S., Ac., author of a
Work on Topographical Drawing, Ac. See Eastman, Mrs.
£aslmeail, VVm. Human Life, Lon., 1814, 12mo.
Ea^stou, James. Human Longevity, Salisb.,lSOl),Svo.
Easton, M. G. Unitarianism: its History, Doctrines,
and Tendencies, Lon., 1851, 12mo.
Easton, Thomas. Fnul. Serm., Lon., 1692.
£astwick, Edward B., an emiueut Oriental scholar
and prufe^sur. 1. Urauimaruf the Hindustani Language,
Lon., 1847, p. Svo. 2. Anvari SuhaiU; or, The Lights of
Canopus, 1854, r. 8vo. 3. Autobiography of Lutfalhih, &c.;
edited by E. B. E., 1857, p. 8vo. See Jones, Sir William.
Eaton, A. Grammatica Inglesa, &g.. Lon., 1814, Svo.
Eatoii, 3Iiss Charlotte E. Rome in the lyth Cen-
tury; 5th ed., Lon.. 1852. 2 vols. 12mo. Excellent.
Eaton, Cyrus, b. 1784, at Framingham, Mass., waa
for 40 years a successful teacher in Maine. In 1845 he
became totally blind. Annals of Warren. Me., with the
Early History of St. Ueorge's Broad Bay and the Neiiihbour-
ing Settlements on the Waldo Patent, 1851, Svo. Woman;
a Poem, 1854.
Eaton, Daniel Isaac, d. 1804. Trial for Paine's
Rights uf Man. Lon.. 1793, 8vo ; for pub. a supposed Libel,
1794, Svo. Helvetius"s System of Nature, 1811, Svo. Me-
mnrial. 1813, Svo. Continuation of the Age of Reason, 1S13.
Eaton, David. Scripture the only Guide to Religious
Truth, York, ISUO, Svo. Baptism, Lon., 1826, Svo. Other
works.
Eaton, John, 1575-1641, minister of Wickham Mar-
ket, Suflolk, is considered by some the founder of Antino-
miauism. The Discovery of a most dangerous Dead Faith,
Lon., ItUlj 12mo. The Honeycomb of Free Justification,
1642, 4to. Pub. by Rubt. Lancaster, who informs us that i
"The author's faith, zeal, and diligence in doinf; his calling, and :
his faith, patience, and cheerfulness in RUlTeriog fur the same, were
highlv exemplary."
Eaton, General John Henry, 1786-1856. Life
of General Andrew Jackson. Phila.. 1824, Svo.
Eaton, Joseph. Di&p. Med. Inaug. de Vertigine,
Lngd. Bat.. 1686, 4to.
Eaton, Nathaniel. Inquisitio in variantes Theolo-
gorum riuijrundam sententiasde Sabbato et Die Doininico,
Fran., 1633, Svo. Oratio in Acad. Patavina, 1(U7, 4to.
De Fastis Anglicis, sive Calendarium Sacrum, Lon., 1661,
12mo.
Eaton, Richard. Funl. Serm., Lon.. 1616, 4to.
Eaton, Richard. Rates of Md.se. Dubl., 1767, Svo,
Eaton, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645-54.
Easton, Samuel, D.D. Human Life, in 17 Serms.,
Lon., 1764, Svo. Christy as taught by Christ himself, in
18 Serms., 1776, Svo.
" Plain, easy, and sensible discourses, aboundintj with good sense,
and manifesting the author's learning and application." — Lon.
Motitfili/ L'evu'w,
Eaiton, Samuel, minister of Harpswell, Maine, d.
1822. aged S5. Serm. on the death of Jacob Abbot, 1820.
Eaton, \V. Political Relations of Russia, 1803.
Eberle, J., M.D. Notes of Lectures on the Theory
and Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1844. 12mo. Notes and
Additions, by Geo. MeClellan. M.D., 1840, Svo. Treatise
on the Diseases and Physical Education of Children ; with
Notes and Additions, by T. D. Mitchell, M.D., Svo. Trea-
tise of the Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 1847, 2 vols,
in 1, Svo.
Ebers, John. Seven Years of the King's Theatre,
Lon., 1828, 8v«>.
Eburne, Richard. Serms., &c., Lon., 1613, '16. A
plaine Pathway tu Plantations. In three Parts, 1624, 4to.
In this vol. will" be found *' Motives for a present Plantation
in Newfoundland."
Eccles, Ambrose, a native of Ireland, d. 1809, pub.
inthree vols., (in all,) edits, of Cymbeline, 1793, Svoj King
Lear, 1793, Svo; Merchant of Venice, 1805, Svo.
" Each Tolume contains, not only notes and illustrations of va-
rious commentators, with remarks by the editor, but the several
critical and historical essays that have appeared at different times
respecting each piece." — Biog. DniTnat.
Eccles, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1737.
Eccles, John, d. 1735, a musical composer, set some
of Congreve's songs and odes to music. The airs were
greatly admired, and cunsidered among the best of the day.
Eccles, Samuel. Serms., 1750, '51, '53, '54, '55.
Ecclestou, James. Introduction to English Auti-
MO
qnities, intended as a companion to the Ilist. of Eng., Lon.,
1847, Svo.
"It has demonstrated its usefulness by furnishing us at once
with what would have required hours of search among dusty tomes
to attain."' — Vhurch and State Gazette.
'■A seasonalile and judicious work." — Edin. Btview.
Questions on Mosheim and Burnet, 12mo. Treatise con-
cerning the Life of God in the Suul of Man, ISmo.
Eccleston, Theodore. The Quaker's Case of not
Swearing, 10U4, 4to.
Ecclestone, Edward. Noah's Flood, or the De-
struction of the "World; an Opera, Lon., 1679, 4to. Repub.
as The Cataclysm, in 1685, and as The Deluge, in 1691.
Echard, Laurence, 16717-1730, a native of Suffolk j
educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; presented to the
livings of Welton and Elkinlon, Lincolnshire ; Archdeacon
of Stowe, 1712; presented by George II., about 1722, to
the livings of Rendlesham, Sudborne, and Alford. Suffolk.
Description of Ireland, Lon., 16'JI, 12mo; of Flanders,
1691. Compend. of Geography, 1691, 1713, 8vo. The
Roman History to the settlement by Augustus Caesar. Of
this a 4th ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo; 1699-1705, 5 vols.
8vo; with a continuation, 1713, 5 vols. Svo; 1719, '20, 5
vols. Svo. The Roman Hist, from the settlement by Aug.
C»sar to the removal of the Imperial seat of Constantino
the Great. Of this a 2d ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo. Two
continuations, one of which was revised by Echard, were
afterwards pub. in 3 vols. Svo. A General Ecclesiastical
HistorytoA.D. 313. 1702, fol.; 1710, 2 vols. Svo j 1712,6th
ed.; 1722, 2 vols. Svo.
"The Ecclesiastical History of Mr. Laurence Echard is the best
of its kind in the En':;lish tongue." — Pridmiix's Conifurion.
"A work valuable in manv respects." — Bishop Watsox.
The History of England to 1688, 1707-18, 3 vols. fol.
The author enumerates many authorities, informing us that
" From all these I have compiled a history as full, comprehensive,
and complete, as 1 could bring into the compass of the proposed
size and bigness. And that nothing might be wanting. [ have all
the way enriched it with the best and wisest saj ings of great men
that I "could find in larger volumes, and likewise with such short
moral reflections, and such proper characters of men, as might give
life as well as add instruction to the history."
Calamy, who thought the historian had misrepresented
the Nonconformists, and Oldmixon, who conceived that ho
discovered many historical blunders, both attacked our
autbor. See Dr. Calamy's Letter to Echard, 1718, and Old-
mixon's Critical Hist, of Eng.. &c. But nothing did more
to injure the work than Echard's recital of Lindsey's story
of the conference and contract between Oliver Cromwell
and the Devil on the morning of the battle of Worcester.
Echard by no means endorses the truth of the narration,
but he dismisses the subject with a sly innuendo — or per-
haps intended pleasantry: —
"■ How far Lindsey is to be believed, and how far the story is to
be accounted credible, is left to the reader's faith and judgment,
and not to any determination of our own,"' — Vnl.ii. p. 713. ed.lTlS.
Echard's History lost its popularity after the publication
of Tindal's trans, of Rapin's. The large circulation of the
former work was owing in part to the convenience of his
arrangement:
"This history, being chiefly intended for the useful diversion of
the nobility and gentry, is put in such a method as appeared to be
the least irksome to the reader; every reign being divided into so
many stages or periods, as give frequent opportunities of pause
and rest." — Bishop Nicolson: L'Tig. Hist. Lib. Gl.
His opponent, Dr. Calamy, also praises this feature as
well as other merits of the History :
"The clearness of your method, and the perspicuity of your lan-
guage, are two very great excellencies, which I admire. I am sin-
gularly pleased with the refreshing divisions of your mattei-. and
the chronological distinction of the several parts of your history."
But the doctor proceeds to enumerate grave objections
to the sprightly chronicler:
"I neither admire many of the authors which you cite, nor your
way of citing them: and I have some reason to think I am not
singular in either. Many of the authors that are cited by you
have so little credit in the world as to be far from giving sufficient
warrant to justify your inserting things from them into an his-
tory that should give an account to posterity of past transactions.
And vour way of citing them is liable to very great objections."—
Ldl'T to Mr.ArcMeacf/tr Echard. p. IIS, 119. See Biog. Brit.
The Gazetteer; a Geographical Index to Europe, 1703,
'04, 2 vols. 18mo; llthcd., 1716, 12mo. Classical Geogra-
phical Dictionary, revised by S. Echard, 1715, Svo. Trans,
of Three Comediesof Plautus, 2ded., 1716. Maxims from
Tillotson, 1719, Svo. Hist, of the Revolution and Esta-
blishment in 1688, 1725. Svo. Trans, of Terence, by Echard
and others, 9th ed., 1741, 12mo. Serm., 1698, 4to. Serm.,
1726, Svo.
In the first volume of Dodsley*s Collection of Poems
there is an ejiigram — so named — on the respective histories
of Echard and Burnet, which reminds us forcibly uf the
rapid and graphic pencil of the author of Hudibras:
ECH
EDG
"Gil's history appears to me
Political anatomy ;
A case of skeletons well done,
And malefactors every one.
His sharp and strong incisive pen
Historically cuts up men,
And does with lucid sl<ill impart
Their inward ails of head and heart.
Laurence proceeds another way
And well-dressed figures does display;
His characters are all in flesh,
Their hands are fiiir, their taces fresh,
And from his sweetening air derive
A better scent than when alive.
He wax-work made to please the sons,
"Whose fathers were Gil's skeletons.'*
Echlin, John. Serm., Dubl., 1712, 8vo.
Ecking, Rev. Samuel, 1757-1785. Three Essays
onGrace.Faith,andE.\iierience,1784,Svo;3(le(l.,lS06,12mo.
Eckley, Joseph, D.D., 1750-1811, aminister of Bos-
ton, Mass., was a native of England. He pub. several
serms., Ac, 1782, '92, '97, 1802, '05, 06, '09, '10. See 'VVis-
ner's Hist, of the 0. S. Church, 45.
Ecton, John. Liber Valorum et Deeimarum, Lon.,
1711, 8vo; several eds. Enlarged and repuh. by Browne
Willis, under the title of Thesaurus Rerum Ecclesiastica-
rum; last ed., 176.3, 4to. A still later edit, of the Liber
■Valorum was pub. in 1786, 4to, under the title of Liber
Kegis. Bounty of Queen Anne. &c., 2d ed., 1720, '21, 8vo.
Eddis, Wm., Surveyor of the Customs at Annapolis
in Maryl.ind. Letters from America, Historical and De-
scriptive, Lon., 1792. 8vo. This work, which comprises the
period from 1769-77, contains the best account we h-ave
of the rise of Revolutionary principles in Maryland. The
letters are forty in number.
''These letters include an interesting period, and relate to events
which, however painful in their detail, and dishonourable to the
J germs
~~Lon. Monthly Review.
We need hardly urge the collectors of early American
History to secure this valuable work.
Eddy, Rev. Daniel C. 1. Young Man's Friend,
Lowell, 12mo. 2. Ministers of the Olden Time, 12mo.
3. Lectures to Young Ladies, 12mo. 4. Heroines of the
Missionary Enterprise, Boston, 1850, 16mo.
''The biographies are written in a remarkablv graphic style, and
they remind us in their spirit and picturesqueness of ll'eadley's
stirrinp: pages.''
Eddy, J. H., 1784-1817, a native of New York, pub.
a map of the .State of N. York, and was engaged on a ge-
neral atlas of America at the time of his death. He was
totally deaf
Eddy, Samueljof Providence, Rhode Island, d. 1839,
aged 68. Antiquities. Ac.
Ede, James. Gold and Silversmith's Calculator, 1806,
12mo. New ed., 1847, 12mo. Gold and S. Coins, 1809,
8vo. Annals of Europe, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo.
Edelen, Philip. Serm., Lon., 1653, 8vo.
Edelman, W. Scrms., Lon., 1833, 12mo.
Eden, Charles Page. ,Serm., Isa. xl. 31, On Early
Prayer, O.xf., 1840, 8vo. To Mr. Eden we are indebted for
a revised ed. of Bp. Heber's ed. of the Works of Jeremy
Taylor, Lon., 1847-54, 10 vols. 8vo.
'• It is no mean praise to !>e able to say that Mr. Eden has hitherto
escaped from the unmerciful and unscrupulous castigation which
has been bestowed upon others. ... It is utterly impossible to pro-
duce a more elaborate or correct exposition of the author, whose
enormous labours had rendered the task of properly editing them
well nigh Herculean."— BcZCs Lm. Messenger, notice of vol. vii
Eden, Hon. Frederick. Historical Sketch of the
International Policy of Modern Europe. Lon., 1823, 8vo.
Eden, Sir Frederick Morton, Bart, Director of the
Glolie Insurance Co., Loudon, 1809. 1. The State of the
Poor; or, an History of the Labouring Classes in England
from the Conquest to the Present Period, Lon., lf97, 3
vols. 4to.
'■ This is the grand storehouse of information respecting the la-
bouring classes of England, and should have a prominent place in
every library."— JfcCuZtoc/i's Lit. of J'nlit. Bymonnj.
A new ed. of this valuable work, with a continuation to
the present time, is much needed.
2. Porto Bello, 1798, 8vo. 3. Inhabitants in G. Britain
and Ireland, 1800, 8vo. 4. Friendly Societies, 1801, 8vo.
5. Eight Letters on the Peace, and on the Commerce and
Manufactures of Great Britain, 1802, 8vo. 6. Maritime
Bights of G. Britain, 2d ed., 1808, 8vo. 7. On the Policy
and E.'ipediency of Granting Insurance Charters, 1806, 8vo.
'■The arguments to show the expediency of granting charters to
insurance companies are quite conclusive, and their validity is now
universally admitti-d" — >IrCui,LOCH, ubi supra.
Eden, Richard. ATreatyseof theNewIndia; trans.
from the Latin of Sehastian Munster, Lon., 1553, 8vo. The
Decades of the New World ; trans, from the Latin of R.
Martyr, 1555, 4to. Augmented Ijy Richard Willes. 1577,
4to. The same Englished by Eden and Lok, 1612, 4to,
The Arte of Nauigation ; trans, from the Spanysl»e of Mar-
tin Cortes, 1561, '78, '80, '84, 4to. A very few copies have
a folding wood-cut map of America. This is very valuable,
especially to the collector of American History. Decade
of Voyages; trans, from the Latin of Lewes Vertomanus,
1576, 8vo. The History of Travayle in the West and East
Indies, and other Countreys lying eyther w.ay towardes the
fruitful! and rych Moluccaes, Ac. Gathered in parte, and
done into Englishe, by Richard Eden. Newly set in order,
augmented and finished, by Richard Willes, 1577, 4to.
Willett, 844, £3 ISs. Roxburghe, 7179, £6 10». A long
extract from Willes's explanatory preface to this rare work
will be found in Rich's Cat. of Books relating principally
to America, 1832, p. 14. A very necessarie and profitable
Booke concerning Nauigation; trans, from the Latin of
Joannes Taisnierus. Sold along with the Arte of Nauiga-
tion, 1579, 4to.
'■ Eden was the first Englishman who undertook to present in a
collective form the astonishing results of that spirit of maritime
enterprise which had been everywhere awakened by the discovery
of America; nor was he a mere compiler; we are indebted to him
for .several original voyages of great curiosity and value. He is
not exempt from error, but in point of learning, accuracy, and in-
tegrity is certainly superior to Ilakluyt; yet it is undoubted, that
while the name of the latter, like that of Vespucci, has become in-
delibly associated with the New World, his predecessor is very little
known." — Jiicli's Bii'I. Ainer. Nm'a.
Eden, Robert, Archdeacon of Winton. Jurispruden-
tia Philologica; sive Elementa Juris Civilis, secundum
Methodum et seriem Institutionum Justiniani, notis Clas-
sicis et Historicis, nee non Parallelis Juris Anglicani Locis,
illustrata, Oxon., 1744, Svo; Lon., 1763, 4to. Antonii
Schultingii Jurisconsulti Oratio de Jurisprudentia Marci
Tullis Ciceronis Notis Illustrata, 1761, 4to.
Eden, Robert, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Serms. pub.
separately, 1743, '54, '55, '56.
Eden, Rev. Robert. Churchman's Theolog. Diet.,
2d ed., Lon., 1846, 12mo.
"The design of this work is to give plain and simple explana-
tions of the Theological and Ecclesiastical terms which are used in
describing and discussing religious Ordinances, Doctrines, and In-
stitutions, without entering into the controversies which have
arisen respecting their object and import."
Puller's Moderation of the Church of England. A new
ed.. thoroughly revised, with an Introductory Preface, &c.,
1843, Svo.
"The reader of it will be surprised and delighted at the disco-
veries which it makes to him of the msdom of our Church." — Edir
terras Preface.
'' A calm and argumentative statement of the views of the Church,
as conclusively set forth in her Liturgy, Articles, and Homilies.
We earnestly recommend it both to the clergy and laity." — Oh. of
Enrj. Quar. Iieview.
JEden, Hon. Robert Henley, afterwards Lord
Henley. 1. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 1757-
66 ; from the MSS. of Lord Chancellor Northington, Lon.,
1818, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1827, 2 vols, in 1,
8vo; Phila., 1S39. Lord Northington's decisions were first
pub. by Ambler, (Cases, 1737-83 :) the publication of Mr.
Eden, however, a descendant of his lordship, (formerly
Lord Keeper Henley.) are much to be preferred. Ambler's
errors and imperfections are to some extent rectified and
remedied. Cox's Reports (the editor of Peere Williams)
contain some decisions of Lord Northington and also of
Lord Hardwicke.
" The authority of Lord Northington is very great, and it arose
from the uncommon vigour and clearness of his understanding."
See 1 Kent's Com.; Wallace's Reporters, 82; 21 Amer.
Jurist, 241; 12 Leg. Obs., 524; Marvin's Leg. BibL, 288.
2. A Treatise on the Law of Injunctions, Lon., 1821, 8vo.
Ist Amer. ed., with Notes and References to Amer. Deci-
sions, N. York, 1822, Svo; Albany, 1839. 3d Amer. ed., by
Thos. W. Waterman, N. York, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. A new
English edit, is now (1858) in preparation. 3. A Practical
Treatise on the Bankrupt Law, as amended by the New Act
of the 6th Geo. IV., c. 16; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, Svo; Phila.,
1841, Svo. 4. A Digest of the Bankrupt Law, with an Ap-
pendix of Precedents. Ac, 3d ed., Lon., 1832, r. Svo. A
new ed. is now (185S) in preparation.
Eden, Wm. See Auckland, Lord.
Edens, J. Account of a Journey from Port Oratavia
to the top of the Peak of Tenerifi'e, Phil. Trans., 1714.
Edes. Serms., 1604, Svo.
Edgar, John. Decisions of the Lords of Sessions
from Jan., 1724, to Aug., 1725, Edin., 1726, fol.
Edgar, Sir John, i. e. Sir Richard Steele.
Edgar, John, D.D. Female Virtue, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Ml
EDG
JEDG
Edgar, Samuel. The Variations of Popery, Bubl.,
1832, Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1838, 8vo.
'^ It furnishes many a strange commentary on infallibility, unity,
uninterrupted succession, universality, and so fortb." — Lon. Pres.
Jitv., 1S37.
The object of this wnrk with respect to Popery is the
same as Bussuet's in relation to Protestantism.
Edgar, Win. Vectigalium Systema; or British Cus-
toms, Lon., 1714, Svo. Statutes, &c. rel. to Revenues of
Ireland, 1720, Svo.
Edgarton, Miss Sarah C. See Mato.
Edge, Wni. John. Appeal to the readers of "Ancient
Christianity," Lon.. 18-40, Svo.
Edgecumbe, James, D.D. Human Reason, 1736,8vo.
Edgecumbc, JLord Mountmorres. See Mount-
MORRES.
Edgeworth, C Sneyd. Memoirs of the Abbe Edge-
worth, L()n., 1815. Svo.
Edgeworth, 3Iaria, 1767-1849, was the daughter of
Richard Lovell Edgewiirth, of Edgeworth's-town, in the
county of Longford, Ireland; a gentleman distinguished
not only for literary taste and mechanical ingenuity, but
also as the successful wooer of four ladies, who in turn ac-
cepted his hand. Maria, a daughter of the tirst marriage,
was born in Oxfordshire, and resided in England until
17S2, when her father succeeded to the family estate, and
removed to Ireland. Mr. Edgeworth took a lively interest
in the cause of education, and was pleased to find in Maria
an able literary coadjutor. In 179S appeared a Treatise on
Practical Education, a joint production. Miss Edgeworth
pub. in 1810, Early Lessons, in ten parts, and her father
added a continuation in 1S15, 2 vols. 12mo. Another joint
work, which attained great popularity, An Essay on Irish
Bulls, made its appearance in 1802. Mr. Edgeworth is
supposed to have had a share in several other compositions
pub. by Maria. Castle Rackrent, issued in ISOl, was the
first of a series uf novels which proved the possession of
powers of a diversified character — descriptive, philosophi-
cal, pathetic, and humorous — seldom combined in one in-
dividual. Nor is this the highest praise which is to be ac-
corded to Miss Edgeworth. In Belinda, Leonora, The
Modern Griselda, Moral Tales, Popular Tales, the Tales of
Fashionable Life, Patronage, Harrington, Ormond, Helen,
&c., we are made to feel that our amusement is not the
only, nor the principal, object of the writer who so charms
us. It will be our own fault if mental and moral improve-
ment^— a desire to gain knowledge, to be good, and to do
good — are not promoted by the pen of Maria Edgeworth.
But in her anxiety to teach profitable lessons to those who
had already assumed the responsibilities of life. Miss Edge-
worth did not permit herself to forget the objects of her
early care, to whose instruction she had devoted the first
fruits of her clear and practical intellect. In 1822 she pub.
Rosamond, a Sequel to Early Lessons ; which was followed
by Harry and Lucy, and The Parent's Assistant. She com-
pleted in 1820 a Memoir of herfather, (commenced by him.)
who died in 1817. We give the contents of the collective
edition of Miss Edgeworth's Novels and Tales, pub. in 18
vols. 12mo, Lon., 1832:
Vu!. I. Castle Rackrent; Essay on Irish Bulls; Essay
on Self-Justification. II. Forester; The Prussian Vase;
The Good Aunt. IlL Angelina; The Good French Go-
verness; Mademoiselle Panache ; The Knapsack. IV. Lame
Jervas; The Will; The Limerick Gloves; Out of Debt,
Out of Danger; The Lottery; Rosanna. V. Murad the
Unlucky; The Manufacturers ; The Contrast; The Grate-
ful Negro; To-morrow. VI. Ennui; The Dun. VII. Ma-
noeuvring; Almeria. VIII. Vivian. IX. The Absentee.
X. The Absentee, (concluded;) Madame de Fleury; Emilie
de Coulanges; The Modern Griselda. XL, XII. Belinda.
XIIL Leonora; Letters. XIV., XV. Patronage. XVL Co-
mic Dramas. XVII. Harrington ; Thoughts on Bores.
XVIII. Ormond. Tales and Novels, N.Y., 1833-34, 10 vols.
In 1S34 Miss Edgeworth gave to the world Helen, the
last, and one of the most popular, of her novels ; and — true
to her early predilection for the instruction of youth — closed
her useful labours by the juvenile story of Orlandino. A
new collective edition of her Tales and Miscellaneous Pieces
was pub. in 1848, Lon., 9 vols. 12mo. Of several of her
works there have been numerous editions. In America, as
well as at home, her works have been widely circulated,
and are highly valued. We could occupy many pages, if
permitted by our limits, with commendations by the highest
authorities of Miss Edgeworth's compositions. A few brief
extracts must suffice:
Sir Walter Scott was so delighted with " the rich humour,
pathetic tenderness, and admirable tact" of her Ii'ish por-
542
traits, that he determined to try his own skill in drawing
Scotch character, though despairing of equalling his model :
*" If I could but hit Miss Edi;eworth"s wonderful power of vivi-
fying all her persons, and making them \i\ea.sbei7i//s in your mind,
1 should not be afraid.' Often has the Author of Waverley used
such language to me; and I knew that I gratified him most when
I could say — 'Positively this is equal to Miss Edgeworth.' You
will thus judge, madam, how deeply he must feel such praise as
you have bestowed upon his efforts." — James Ballanlyne to Maria
Eiiqeivorth^ respect ing iter comintndaiion of WaverUy. Wth Nov. 1S14.
See Lockharfs Life of Scott.
We need hardly remind the reader of the memorable
visit paid by Maria and two of her sisters to Abbotsford ia
1823:
"Never," says Mr. Lockhart. "did I see a brighter day at Abbots-
ford than that on which Miss Edgeworth first arrived there; never
can I forget her look and accent when she was received by him at
his archway, and exclaimed, ' Every thing about yon is exactly what
one ought to have had wit enough to dream.' '" — Uhi supra.
A review by Sir Walter of Miss Edgeworth's Patronage,
will be found in the Edinburgh Review, xxii. 416 :
"The taste and gallantry of the age." remarks the distinguished
critic, "may have at last pretty generally sanctioned the ardent
admiration with which we greeted the first steps of this distin-
guished lady in her literary career; but the calmer spirits of the
South can hardly yet comprehend the exhilarating effect which her
reappearance uniformly produces upon the saturnine complexion of
their Northern Heviewers."
" Iter extraordinary merit, both as a novelist and a woman Of
genius, consists in her having selected a class of virtues far more
diflicult to treat as the subject of fiction than others, and whicli
had therefore been left by former writers to her." — Sir James Mack-
int'isfi.
'' As a writer of tales and novels, she has a very marked pecu-
liarity. It is that of venturing to dispense common sense to her
readers, and to bring them within the precincts of real life and
natural feeling. She presents them with no incredible adventures
or inconceivalile sentiments, no hyperbolical representations of
uncommon character or monstrous exhibitions of exaggerated
passion. "Without excluding love from her pages, she knows how
to assign to it Its just limits. She neither degrades the sentiment
from its true dignity, nor lifts it toaburlesriue elevation. It takes
its proper place among the passions. Her heroes and heroines, if
such they may be called, are never miraculously good, nor detest-
ably wicked. They are such men and women as we see and con-
verse with every day of our lives: with the same proportional mix-
ture in them of what is right and what is wrong, of what is great
and what is little." — Lord Dudley : Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 146, 1810.
" The writings of Miss Edgeworth exhibit so singular an union
of sober sense and inexhaustible invention — so minute a know-
ledge of all that distinguishes manners, or touches on happiuess
in every condition of human fortune — and so just an estimate hoih.
of the real sourcesof enjoyment, and of the illusions by which they
are so often obstructed. — that it cannot be thought wonderful that
we should separate her from the ordinary manufacturer of novels,
and speak of her Tales as works of more serious importance than
much of the true history and solemn philosophy that comes daily
under our inspection. ... It is impossible, we think, to read ten
pages in any of her writings, without feeling, not only that the
whole, but that everv part of them, was intended to do good." —
Lord Jeffrey: Iklin.' Kev.. xx. lOO. 1S12; xxviii. 391. 1817.
'' Some one has described the novels of Miss Edgeworth as a sort
of essence of common sense; and the definition is not inappropri-
ate."— SiE "W.iLTER Scott.
'' She is the author of works never to be forgotten : of works
which can never lose their standard value as * English classics,'
and deserve that honourable name infinitely more than half the
dull and licentious trash bound up in our libraries under that
title. . . . Her novels always found an eager reception, at a time
when the poetry of Scott, of Campbell, and of Crabbe. was issuing
in its freshness from the press, when the Edinburgh and Quarterly
Reviews, then splendid novelties, were to be duly read and studied,
when Bladame de Stael was at her zenith, and, in a word, when
the competition of the noblest wits was only less keen than at the
present day." — Edward Everett: N. Amcr. Bev., svii. 388, 1823.
A very interesting account of a visit to Maria Edgeworth,
is given in Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's work, entitled Ireland j
and reviews of her works will be found in the Edin. Rev.,
vols, viii., siv., xx., xxii., xxviii., and xxxiv. ; Lon. Quar.
Rev., vols, ii., vii., xvii., and li. ; Lon. Monthly Rev., vols.
Ixxxviii. and cix ; N. Amer. Rev., vols, vi., xvii., and xxxix. ;
and other prominent periodicals. See also Allan Cunning-
ham's Biog. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the last Fifty
Years.
Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 1744-1817, a native
of Bath, father of Maria Edgeworth, has already come
under our notice in the preceding article. The reader will
find a particular account of this gentleman in his Memoirs,
(completed by his daughter Maria.) pub. in 1S20, 2 vols.
Svo. He pub. a number of works in addition to those al-
ready noticed as the joint productions of himself and
daughter. A Letter on the Telegraph, and on the Defence
of Ireland, Lon., 1796, Svo. Poetry explained for the use
of Young People, 1802. Svo. Essays on Professional Edu-
cation, 1809, 4to. An Essay on the Construction of Roads
and Carriages. ISIO, '13, Svo.
" The directions for making roads are very sensible and enlight-
ened, and put forth the practised modes of the present day."—
DonaldSQJis AgrictiU. Biog.
EDO
EDW
Continnation of Maria Edgowortt's Early Lessons, 1815.
Svo. Contriljiitiuus ou Natural PliilosDjiliy, Natural His-
tory, Mechanics, Ac, to Phil. Trans., nn'.i. '84; Archseol.,
1786; Trans. Rov. Irish Acad., 178S, '97: Nic. Jour., 1806,
'09, '10, '11 ; Phil. Mag., 1816, '16. Mr. Edgeworth re-
peatedly obtained prizes from the Society of Arts for his
mechanical contrivances. He was the principal literary
adviser of his celclirated daughter, and she derived great
advantages from his intelligent co-operation. We have
noticed his Letter on the Telegraph, puli. in 1796. An
Essay of his, on The Art of Conveying .Secret and Swift
Intelligence, will be found in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1797.
Edgeworth, or Edgworth, Roger, d. about 1560,
a zealous K. Catliolic divine, was made Chancellor of Wells
in 1554. lie held several important ecclesiastical posts.
Sermons very FruitefuU and Learned preached and sette
foorth, Lon., 1667, 4to and Svo. Two of his tracts, on the
Sacraments, and Bishops and Priests, will be found in the
Appendix to Bisliop Burnet's History of the Reformation j
and copious extracts from his sermons are inserted by Dr.
Dibdin in his Library Companion.
'■ His Discourses are not only worth possessing, from being very
uncommon, but from cont.iining much curious and interesting iu-
telIii:enoe: delivered, upon the whole, with considerable caution,
but with the decisive tone of Catholic zeal." — Ubi supra.
Edgeworth, Theodore, supposed to be an assumed
name. The Shipwreck; or. Memoirs of an Irish Officer
and his Family, ISll, 3 vols. 12mo.
Edgley, Samuel. Serm., Oxf., 1724, 4to.
Edguardus, Dav. De Indiciis et Praecognitionlbus.
Eivsdem in Anatomicen Introductio, Lon., 1532, Svo.
Edgworth, Robert. Case of, Ac, fob
Edie, George. English Shooting, Lon., 1772. Svo.
Ediugtou, Robert. Penitentiarv for the Employment
of Convicts, 1803, 4to; 1816. Coal Trade, 1S13, Svo.
Edkins, Joshua. CoIIec. of Poems, 1801, Svo.
Ediin, A. Two Cases of Gout, Uxb., 1S04, 12mo.
Bread-Mal<ing, Lon., 1805, 12mo. Malignant Sore Throat.
Edlyu, Richard. Astrological Judgment, Ac., Lon.,
1658, '6Sf Svo. Prainuncius Sydereus, 1664, 4to.
£dmead,VViii. Commuting the Tythes,Lon.,lS16,Svo.
Ednier. See Ead.meii.
Edmeston, James. Sacred Lyrics, Lon., 1S21, '22,
3 vols. 12mo.
"We must make room for one more extract, which will amply
justify Mr. Edmeston's claim to true poetic feeling." — Lde^ctic Bc-
vicw, June. 18131.
Hvmns, 1S44. Sonnets, 1845. Closet Hymns and Poems,
1846, '53. Sacred Poetry, 1848.
Edmond,ItIrs. Amanda M., formerly Miss Corey,
is a native of Brookiine, Massachusetts. She has pub.
The Broken Vow and other Poems, chiefly written between
the ages of 14 and 18 ; and The Forget-Me-Not : a gift for
Sabbath-School Children.
Edmondes, Edmonds, or Edmunds, Sir Cle-
ment, 1666-1622. Renieml^rancer of the City of London,
a son of Sir Thomas Edmondes, filled several posts at court.
Observ. on the 1st 5 Books of Caesar's Commentaries, Lon.,
1600, fob; on the 6th and 7th Books, 1600, fob ; on Ciesar's
Comment, on the Civil Wars, 1609, fob All or most of them
are reprinted with an Sth Comment, by Hirtius Pansa, 1677,
fob Cassar's Comment, in English, 1656, '95, fob Observ.
on the Landing of Forces, kc, 1758, Svo. Of Sir Clement
Edmondes, we are told that
" His dextrous pen made him mostworthily esteemed in his own
vocation; and in the art military, by Cap,sar's confession, an un-
derstanding soldier. He lived faithfully industrious in his place,
and died religiously constant in the belief of the resurrection," &c.
— Epif'Tph fm liis vioitinnunt,
Edmondes, Sir Thomas, 1563-1639, a distinguished
English statesman. See a number of his Letters and ab-
stracts from others in Dr. Birch's Hist. View of the Nego-
tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus-
sels, 1692-1617, in Birch's Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth,
and in Lodge's Illustrations of British History.
Edmonds, Charles. See Canning, Geoi!ge.
Edmonds, Cyrus R. 1. Life and Times of General
George Washington, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. ISmo; 1839, 2 vols.
ISmo. 2. Introduc. to Leland's View of Deistieal Writers,
Lon., 1837, Svo.
Edmonds, John. Wisdom of Providence, Lon., 1761,
Svo.
Edmonds, Judge John W., and George T. Dex-
ter, M.D. Spiritualism; with an Appendix by Nathaniel
P. Tallmadge, New York, 1853-55, 2 vols. Svo".
Edmonds, T. 4th Commandment. Ac, 1801.
Edniondson, Christopher. Serm., 1664, 12mo.
Edmoudson, Henry, 1607-1659. Fellow of Queen's
Coll., Oxf. Lingua Linguarum, Lon., 1655, Svo. Homo-
nvma et Synonyma Linguee Latinte conjuncta et distincta.
1661.
Edmondson, J. Prodigies, Lon., 1710, fol.
Edmonson, Jonathan, Wesleyan minister. Chris-
tian Ministry, Lon., 1828, 12mo.
" A very valuable and judicious manual, more especially adapted
to the use of junior preachers among the Wesleyan .Methodists."
Revealed Religion, 1839, 12mo. Short Serms., 6th ed.,
1845, 2 vols. 12mo. Heavenly World, 3d ed., 1850, ISmo.
Self-Government, 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. J. D. and R. Treffry ;
Serms. on the Holy Ghost. 12mo.
Edmondson, or Edmonson, Joseph, d. 1786, ori-
ginally a barber, was in 1764 appointed Mowbray-Herald
Extraordinary. 1. Hist. Account of the Greville Family,
Lon., 1766, Svo. 2. Companion to the Peerage of Great
Britain and Ireland, 1776, Svo. 3. A Complete Body of
Heraldry, 1780, 2 vols. fol. In the first of these vols. Ed-
mondson had the valuable assistance of Sir Joseph Aylotfo,
Bart. The 2d vol. consists of an Alphabet of Arms, which
contains upwards of 50,000 coats, crests, Ac. 4. Barona-
gium Genealogicum ; or. Pedigree of English Peers, 1764-
84, 6 vols. fol. In this work, also, Sir Joseph Aylofi'e ren-
dered assistance. Marquis of Townshend, 1064, £18 ISa.
Large paper, Duke of York, 1988, £26 16s. 6(;. There is a
copy in the British Museum, with MS. notes and additions
by F. Ilargrave. When possible, there should stand next
to this work on the shelf the Five Reports from the Lords
Committee touching the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm,
Ac, edit, 1829. 6 vols. fol. ; containing the copious Indexes
and the 5th Appendix, "Patents of Creations, and Instru-
ments affording evidence of Creation." 6. Tables of Pre-
cedency, (1764,) ISmo, pp. 14, all engraved. 6. The Pre-
sent Peerages. 1785, Svo, pp. 428, with S6 plates.
Edmons, Thomas. To Free-Masons, Lon., 1766,8vo.
Edmoustone, Sir Arch., Bart. 1. Journey to two of
the Oases of Upper Egypt, Lon., 1822, Svo. A valuable
work to the antiquary. The most remote of these oases
had never before been visited by a European. 2. Christian
Gentleman's Daily Walk, 3d ed., 1850, 12mo. 3. Progress
of Religion; a Poem, 1842, 12mo. Meditations in Verse
for Sundays and Holidays, 1853, ISmo.
Edmoustone, Arthur,M.D. Ophthalmia, Lon., 1802,
Svo; Treatise on ditto, Edin., 1806, Svo. View of the An-
cient and Present State of the Zetland Islands, 1809, 2
vols. Svo.
" Dr. E. is a native of these islands, and has long resided there :
perhaps, if these favourable circumstances had been aided by a
sounder judgment, a better taste, and more knowledge, this work
would have been improved. As it is, it may advantageously be
consulted for what relates to the civil, political, and natural his-
tory, agriculture, tisheries. and commerce, antiquities, manners,
i'c, of these islands.'' — StevensorCs Vuyaffes and Trai-els.
" Upon the whole, the book is bad ; and though it does state
some liicts that ought to be generally known, bears evident marks
not only of haste and carelessness, but of absolute and utter igno-
rance of the otiject it affects to discuss." — Edin. Rn-icxv.
Edmoustone, Wm. Prevention of an Evil Injurious
to He;iUh, Lon., 1782, Svo. The Reviewers Corrected,
1785, Svo.
Edmund, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 1242, a
native of Abingdon, Berkshire, was educated at the Uni-
versity of Paris and University CoU., Oxf. He is said to
have been the first who taught logic at Oxford. He was
consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury in 1234 ; went into
voluntary exile, and died at Soissy. He left many writ-
ings; see Speculum Ecclesi<e : Bibb Max. Pair., xxv. 316:
Liber Miraculorum B. Eadmundi Orienbalium Anglorum
regis, auctore anonymo : Martene et Durand Collectio, vi.
821.
Edmund de Hadenham, Monk of Rochester. An-
nales Ecclesije Roffensis, 804 ad 1307. See Wharton's
Anglia Sacra, i. 327.
Edmunds, John. Village Serms., 1st series, Lon.,
1851; 2d series, 1853, 12mo.
" They are plain, scriptural, and practical.'' — Lfin. Chris. Tima.
Edmunds, Richard. Solicitor's Guide. Pleas in
Exchequer, Lon., 1794, Svo.
Edmundson, Wm. A Journal of his Life, Travels,
Sufferings, and Labour of Love in the work of the Minis-
try, Lon., 1774, Svo.
Edridge, Mrs. Rebecca. The Lapse of Time; a
Poem, 1802, 4to. The Highest Castle and Lowest Cave;
aNovel, 3vols. 12mo. TheScrinium; a Collection of Tales,
2 vols. 12mo.
" We would sum np our whole review of the Scrinium by say-
ing that it is. except the Sketch-Book, [by Washington Irving,] the
best miscellaneous prose-work of its kind which has come under
our notice." — Lon. Literary Register, July 6, 1822.
Edward VI., King of England, 1538-1553, son
of Henry VIII. aud Jane Seymour, succeeded to the throne
643
EDW
EDW
in 1547, at the aj;c often years. Injuncions geven by Kynge
Edward ye Sixtc, 1574, 4to. Conference with the Lord-
Admiral." Proceedings in Council. Arguments against the
Pope's Supremacy, 16S2. Ilolland declares that the king
composed a "most elegant comedy," entitled The Whore
of Babylon. His Diary, a Journal, was pub. by Burnet.
Edward, Bowyer, Lord Bishop of Ely. Serm.,
ISUI. Ditto, ISIO. A Charge, 181.3.
Edward, J., LL.D. Report of Decisions H. Ct. of
Admiralty rel. to Vessels under Brit. Licenses, 1812.
Edwardes, Herbert Benjamin, Major in the
E. I. Co.'s Service, b. 1820. at Frodesley, Shropshire, has
distinguished himself in India, and is now commissioner
at Peshawur. An account of some of the most important
events of his life will be found in his work entitled A Year
on the Punjaub Frontier in 1848-49, Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo.
Edwards. OtbaandRutha; a Dram. Tale, 1781, 12mo.
Edwards, Archdeacon, of St. Mary's Church, Bre-
con. Serm., Lon., ISOl, 4to.
Edwards, Bela B., late Professor at Andover, was
well known as the author of a Biography of Self-Taught
Men, Eclectic Reader, co-editor of Bibliotheea Sacra, con-
tributor to Ancient Literature and Art, Ac. A collection of
his writings, with a Memoir by his late colleague, Professor
Park, was pub. in 1853, Boston, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edivards, Bryan, M.P., 1743-1 800, a native of West-
bury, Wiltshire, resided for some years in the West Indies.
He pub. several treatises on W. India questions, but his
principal work is The History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, of
the British Colonics in the West Indies, Lon., 1793, 2 vols.
4to; 2d ed., 1794, 2 vols. 4to; vol. iii., with plates, 1801,
4to. This last vol., which consists chiefly of Tracts, for-
merly pub. in a separate form, was edited by Sir William
Young. It also includes Edwards's History of St. Domingo,
(first pub. in 1791, 4to,) and a Memoir of his early life,
written by himself, 5th ed., 1819, 5 vols. 8vo, and one 4to
vol. of plates; vols. iv. and v. now first pub., considered
inferior to their predecessors. An abridgment of the first
three vols, was pub. in 1794,Lon.,2 vols. 8vo,aud in 1799, Svo.
"The History of the West Indies is well entitled to the popu-
larity it has long enjoyed. The subject is varied and interesting;
and though written in rather an ambitious style, with a strong
bias in favour nf llie old tolonial system, and a disposition to ex-
tenuate the cruilliis that were too often inflicted on the slaves. It
is a most valuaMi addilinu to our historical library. But the con-
tinuation, we are sorry to say, is quite unworthy of the original
work and of the subject; and we do not know th.tt any better ser-
Tice could be done to colonial and commercial literature than to
publish an edition of Edwards's work that should complete the
history and continue it to the present time." — JUcCtilloch^s Lit. of
Polit. EconOTH]/.
** This work justly bears an excellent character, and is very full
and minute on almost every topic connected with these islands." —
Stevenson's Voyages and Travds.
In 1795, Mr. Wm. Preston, of Dublin, addressed a Letter
to Bryan Edwards, Esq., containing obscrv. on some pas-
sages of his Hist, of the West Indies. Mr. P. attacks Ed-
wards as an apologist for slavery.
Of the History of St. Domingo, already noticed, a 2d ed.
was pub. separately in 1797, 4to. This work is commended
" For the highly-important tacts and observations which it con-
tains, for the ability displayed in their arrangement, and for the
strongly expressive, correct, and often beautiful language in which
they are conveyed to the reader's understanding." — L&n. Monthly
Eevkvj.
Mr. Edwards pub. in 1798 — not intended for sale — Pro-
ceedings of the Association for promoting the Discovery
of the interior parts of Africa, Ac, 4to. A vol. of his
Poems also was privately printed.
Edwards, C'arolus. Hanes y Ffydd et Hebraismo-
mm Cambro-Britannicorum Specimen.,0.xon., 1671, Svo;
1675, 410.
Edwards, Charles, b. 1797, in England, counsellor-
at-law in the city of New York. The Juryman's Guide for
the State of New Y'ork. N. Y'ork, 1831, Svo. Parties to
Bills and other Pleadings " Chancery, Albany, 1832, Svo.
Feathers from my own "SVings ; Poems and Tales, N. York,
1833, 12mo. Receivers in Chancery; 1839, Svo; 1840.
Reports of Chancery Cases, 1st Circuit, St. of New Y^ork,
1831-45, 4 vols. Svo. History and Poetry of Finger Rings,
1855, 12mo. A curious and interesting volume.
Edwards, D. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1770, '76.
Edwards, E. Twenty-one Serms., Lon., 1838, 12mo.
Edwards, E., of the British Museum. Fine Arts in
England, their State and Prospects considered relatively
to National Education, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Edwards, Edward, M.D. Analysis of Chirvrgery,
Lon., 1636, 4to. The Cvre of all sorts of Fevers, 1638, 4to.
The Whole Art of Chirvrgery, 1C39, 4to.
Edwards, Edward. Serm., 1759, Svo.
Hi
Edwards, Edward. Zcnophontis, .tc, Lon., 1785.
Serm., 1794, 4to. Brown Willis's Survey of St. Asaph,
enlarged and brought down to the present time; with the
Life of the Author, Appendices, Ac, 1801, '02, 2 vols. Svo.
Edwards, Edward, 1738-1806, teacher of perspec-
tive in the Royal Academy. Treatise of Perspective, Lon.,
1SII3, 4to; 1806, 4to. Anecdotes of Painters who have re-
sided or been born in England, 1808, 4ti). Intended as a
continuation of Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting. Some
copies .are on large paper, r. 4to.
Edw'ards, Edward. Mcmoirsof Libraries, together
with a Practical Hand-Book of Library Economy, 2 vols,
r. Svo ; 50 co])ics on large paper, imp. Svo. This valuable
work, on which Mr. Edwards has been employed for some
years, is now (1858) being prepared for publication. To
Mr. Edwards we are also indebted for the Account of Ame-
rican Libraries in N. Triibner's Bibliographical Guide to
American Literature, 1858, Svo, and for the article "News-
papers" in Encyc. Brit, vol. xvL, Sth ed., 1858.
Edwards, Frederic. Laws of Gaming, Horse Rac-
ing, and Wages, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Edwards, G. C. Powers and Duties of Justices of
the Peace and Town OfBcers in the State of New York, 4th
ed. by D. McMaster, Ithaca, 1840, Svo.
Edwards, George, 1694-1773, an eminent naturalist,
travelled in Holland, Norway, and France, in pursuit of
his favourite study. Natural History of Birds, and of
some other rare and undescribed Animals, Quadrupeds,
Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Ac, Lon., 1743, '47, '50, '51, 4
vols. 4to. It contains figures and descriptions of 216 birds,
and 40 beasts and reptiles. Gleanings of Natural History,
1758, '60, '63; 50 copper-plates, exhibiting 70 birds, Ac
Considered as a continuation of the preceding work. The
7 vols, are generally sold together. A new edit, of the 7
vols, was pub. 1802-06, with 362 coloured plates, r. 4to,
£30; large paper, folio, £50. Essays upon Natural His-
tory, Ac, 1770, Svo. See Memoirs of Edwards's Life and
Works, 1776, 4to. Some papers of Mr. E.'s on natural
history will be found in Phil. Trans., 1754, '55, '57, '60,
'63, '65, '71. Edwards revised a new edit, of Catesbj's
Nat. Hist, of Carolina, Ac. See Catesby, M.irk.
"Edwarils's works are assuredly the most valuable on gener,-!!
ornitlinlnu'v tb;tt have ever appeared in England. No zoological
li!iiai\ vlii'iilil i,e without them.'" — Swainso.n,
Edwards, George. Elements of Fossilogy, Lon.,
1776, Svo. His Adventures, 1751, 12mo.
Edwards, George, M.D. Perfection of 6. Britain,
Lon., 17S7, 2 vols. 4to; Regeneration of do., 1790, 2 vols.
4to. Diseases of the Human Body, 1791, 4to. Dr. Ed-
wards wrote other works on politics, political economy, Ac
Edwards, Henry. A Collection of Remarkable Cha-
rities and Old English Customs, Lon., 1842, p. Svo.
Edwards, Henry, D.D., LL.D. Piety and Intellect
relatively estimated, Lon., 1843; 4th ed., 1S52, 12mo.
Illustrations of the Wisdom and Benevolence of tho
Deity. 1845, sq.
" a' little excursion in the track of Paley and the broad road of
the Bridgewater Treatises." — Lon. Lit. Gazette.
Marriage; a Poem in Four Cantos, 3d ed., 1843, fp. Svo.
"This poem will be greatly admired by the ladies." — TaiVs Edin.
Man-
Dr. Edwards has pub. several other theolog. and poetical
works.
Edwards, James. TabulajDistantiae, Dorking, 17S9,
4to. Companion from London to Brighthelmston, Lon.,
1801, 4to.
Edwards, John, D.D., 1637-1716, a Calvinist divine,
a native of Hertford, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camh. ;
minister of Trinity Church, Camh., 1664; preferred to St.
Peter's Church, Colchester, about 1676; removed to Cam-
bridge, 1697. He was a son of Thomas Edwards, author
of Gaugraena, Ac. He pub. many serms. and theolog.
works, some of which we notice : An Inquiry into four
remarkable Texts of the N. Test, Lon., 1692, Svo; a farther
Inquiry, 1692, Svo. Authority, Style, and Perfection of
the Books of the Old and New Test., 1693-96, 3 vols. Svo.
Excercitationcs, Critical, Philosophical, Historical, and
Theological, 1702, Svo.
"Much acuteuess. learning, and piety in these writings, [the
three last-named works.]" — Bickersteth's Cttristiayi Student.
The Preacher; three parts, 1705, '06, '09.
" ."^ome useful remarks, though with severity, on several writers.
He was answered by Robert Lightfunt. which led to a vindication
and a riyoinder." — Bielcerstet/t's Cfiri.'ilian .'<fu<hnf.
Veritas Redux; or, Evangelical Truths Restored, 1707,
Svo.
" Takes the opposite views to 'WbHhy."—Bichersteth's C. S.
Thcologia Roformata. or the Substance and Body of tho
Christian Religion, 1713, 2 vols. fol. Vol. iii. (very rare)
EDW
EDW
puK after his death, in 172r), fol Another ed., 1733-43,
3 vols. ful.
'* Edwards's Theologia Reforuiata will be no contemptible trea-
sure for jou on all orc;ision>." — }fat!tiT's Student.
He wrote several pieces against Locke's Reasonableness
of Christianity. Pathologia (in his Remains, 1713, 8vo.}
Edwards here takes the same view as Daillio. See other
publications of this excellent author in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
He did not hesitate to criticize the opinions of Whiston,
Locke, AVhitl)y, and Samuel Clarke.
*' It is impnssii>le to peruse any of the writings of Edwards with-
out bein;i pliMsed with the earnestness with whirh the writer de-
voted himself to the interpretation of the Scriptures. lit; was a
man of piety and considerable learning, and by no means destitute
of acuteuess. A very great number of difficult passages are ex-
amined in the above works. [The Inquiry. Style, and Perfection of
the 0. and N. Test, and Kxceroitatinns, ;;iiiil Ii.- must be no ordinary
scholar who does not find instructiim in tlnm." — Ormc's Bihl. Bib.
"That he was a man of extensive k^iruing cannot be denied;
and in the materials from whieh we have dra.%vn uji this article, he
is said tn have been the Paul, the Augustine, the lir.iwardine, the
Cahin of his age." — Dr. Kippis : Bing. Brit., q. v.
" Edwards was a voluminous writer of a controversial spirit, who
pointed out and endeavoured touheck the departure from reforma-
tion priuciples in his time, but not in the spirit that would com-
mend liis sentiments." — Biclrrstfth''s C S.
EdAVards, John. British Herbal, Lon.. 1770, fob;
1775. With 100 col'd plates of flowers which blow in the
open air of G. Britain, with de.scriptious and manner of
cultivation.
Edwards, John. Scrms., Lon., 1773, Svo.
Edwards, John. Goose Grass for Scurvy, Lon.,
1784, 8vo.
Edwards, John. The Patriot Soldier; aPoem, 17S4,
4to. Kathleen, 1808, 4to. Abradatesand Panthea; aTra-
gedy, 1808, 8vo. Interests of Ireland, 1815.
Edwards, John. Sernis., Ac. Lou., 1791-1806.
Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 16;;9-1712, a native of
Wrexham, Denhin;h.shire, entered Christ Church, Oxford,
1655; Fellowof.TesusColl.,lG62; Rectoroflviddingtou, Ox-
fordshire, which (in 1681) he exchanged for Ilinton, Hamp-
shire; Principal of Jesus Coll., 1686. Remarks upon Dr.
Sherlock's Examination of the Oxford Decree, Ac, Oxf.,
1695, 4to ; anon. A Preservative against Socinianism, in 4
parts; with an Index by Mr.T.Hearne, Oxf., 1698-1703, 4to.
" Valuabk' and satislactury." — Bicker.'iteth's Chris. StKdent.
On the 2d Article, 1702. A Vindication of the Doctrine
of Original Sin, Oxf., 1711, 8vo. This is against Dr. Daniel
Whitby.
EdAvards, Jonathan, 1703-1758, an eminent meta-
physician ami divine, was born on the 5th of October, at
Windsor, in the province of Connecticut. His ancestors,
who were English, emigrated to America in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. His father, Ilev. Timothy Edwards, was
pastor of a church in Windsor for sixty years. In 1716
Jonathan became a student of Yale College, where he re-
ceived the degree of B,A. in his seventeenth year. He
evinced at an early age that love for metaphysical studies
which was the principal characteristic of his very remark-
able intellect. When only thirteen, he read Locke On
the Human Understanding, with a keener delight than a
"miser feels when gathering up handfuls of silver and gold
from some newly-discovered treasure." In 1722 he was
licensed to preach, and exercised his ministry for eight
months in the city of New York; his congregation being
composed of English Presbyterians. Returning home in
the spring of 1723, be devoted himself to his studies. In
the ensuing spring he took his Master's degree, and whilst
at New Haven was appointed tutor in Yale College. Tho
duties of this post he peribrmed with great success and
reputation. In September, 1726; he accepted an invitation
to become the colleague of his mother's father, Mr. Stod-
dard, in a church at Northampton. He was installed in
February, 1727, and continued the discharge of his minis-
terial duties in this post for twenty-four years. In July of
this year he was married to Mi^^s Sarah Picrrepont.
AVhilst zealously employed in his efforts for the spiritual
improvement of his charge, Mr. Edwards was pained to
find that some young men of the congregation had im-
ported a number of improper liooks, and were engaged in
circulating them, to the great injury of good morals. De-
termined to arrest the evil, he spared not in his reproofs a
number of the members of the most influential families,
who were known to be offenders. This praiseworthy zeal
elicited much dislike, which was increased by his insisting
on holiness of life in all who approached the table of our
Lord. After several meetings of the members of his con-
gregation, it was finally put to vote whether he should con-
tinue to act as their pastor: it is melancholy to be obliged
to state that this good man was ejected by a majority of ISO.
3J
Mr. Edwards now removed to Stnekbridgc, Massachu-
setts, where he preached to the Indians and a few white
hearers. During his residence at this station, he devoted
his leisure hours to writing his princii)al works. It was
hero that ho completed his design of preparing a treatise
on the subject of Free Will :
''It was not till the month of July, 1752. that he appears to
have resumed his studies on the subject of free will; for the 7th
of that month he write.s Dr. Erskine that he hoped soon to be at
leisure to resume bis design, and frives him another sketch of the
plan of his book, in which, thou^'h there l)e uothin"; new. there is
more than in that whifh he had formerly sent him. ^Vhatever
opinion may be held «ith re^'ard to Mr. Edwards's argument, it
must appear astonishin^i; to tlntsi^ who are capable of appreciating
the difficulty of bis siibj.rt, that, in nine months fiom the date of
this letter, on the 14tb of April, 1753. he could wiite I)r. Erskine
that he had almost tinished tht- tirst drau;.^ht of what he originally
intended. thout,'h he was under the necessity of delaying the pub-
lication till he knew the result of proposals which be bad circulated
for printing his book by subscription. This book was published
in 1754; and, thouch he bad made some progress in i>reparing his
materials before he left Northampton, was certainly written, and
nearly completed, within the time ascertained by the two letters
referred to, and must be admitted to convey a very striking idea
bothofhisment;il resources and of bis literary ardour." — Sir IIenri
MoNCPlEFF: Wellu'vod's Lift: of Dr. Er shine.
In 1757, on the death of his son-in-law, the Rev. Aaron
Burr, (father of Aaron Burr, afterwards Vice-President
of the United States,) Mr. Edwards was chosen his suc-
cessor as President of the College of New Jersey, at Prince-
ton. This unexpected call found him deeply engaged in
projecting several extensive theological works, among
which were, A History of the AVork of Redemption, and a
Harmony of the Old and New Testaments. Guided by the
counsel of several judicious friends, he accepted the prof-
fered office, and removed to Princeton in .January, 1758.
On the 16th of the nest month he assumed the duties of
the presidency, froui which he was removed by death on
the 22d of March ensuing. His death was caused by an
attack of the small-pox. then prevailing in the town. Mr.
Edwards had been inoculated about a month before his
decease.
His Treatise on Original Sin, in answer to Dr. Taylor,
of Norwich, was finished in the year before his death. It
is said that even Taylor acknowledged that he was defeated.
The excellent Treatise on the Religious AflTections, pub.
1746, has been highly commended as one of the best ever
penned upon this most important theme. In addition to
these works, Mr. Edwards published i^ermons, 1731, '34,
'38. '41, '44, '46, '52, A Narrative of the Work of God in
the Conversion of many hundred souls in Northampton, in
173G. Thoughts on the Revival of Religion, 1742. An
Attempt to Promote Agreement in Prayer for the Revival
of Religion, 1746. Life of D. Braincrd, 1746. An In-
quiry into tho Qualifications for full Comniuiiiun in the
Church, 1749. A Reply to S. Williams's Answer to the In-
quiry, 1752. After his death, there were pul>lished from
his MSS. 18 Sermons {with his life) by Dr. Hopkins, 1765;
The History of Redemption, 1774; On the Nature of True
Virtue, 1788; God's Last End in the Creation; 33 Ser-
mons; 20 Sermons, 1789; Miscellaneous Observations,
1793; Miscellaneous Remarks, 1796.
Mr. Edwards's principal work, A Careful and Strict In-
quiry into the modern prevailing notion that Freedom of
Will is supposed to be essential to Moral Agency, is un-
doubtedly the great bulwark of Calvinistic theology. As an
intellectual production, it proves its author to have been
one of" the greatest metaphysicians that the world has ever
seen. We have many testimonies to support this assertion ;
" I consider .lonathan Kdwards the grcite.'^t of the sous of men.
He ranks with the brightest Inminaries of the Christian church,
not excluding any country, or any age, since the apostolic." — Ro-
bert Hall.
"That great master-mind. Jonathan Edwards, whose close-
sighted observation, clear jndgment, and unbending faithfulness,
were of the very highest order."— 1>R. J. PvE Smitu.
Dr. Erskine very happily groups together the characte-
ristics of our author:
''.lonathan Edwards was remarkable for the penetration and
ext^ent of his understanding, for bis powers of criticism and accu-
rate distinction, quickness of thought, solidity of judgment, and
force of reasoning. . . He very early discovered a genius above ths
ordinary size, which gradually ripened and expanded by daily
exertion and application. By nature he was formed for a logician
and a metaphysician; but, by speculation, observation, and con-
verse, greatly improved. JIo had a good insight into tho whole
circle of liberal arts aud sciences: pos6es.sed a very valuable stock
of classical learning, jihilosophy, mathematics, history, and chro-
nology."
Dr. Erskine, an excellent judge of men and books, in-
troduced several of our author's writings to the British
public, '*and declared that he did not think our age had
produced a divine of equal judgment or genius."
543
EDW
EDW
"Jonathan Edwards is a writer of great originality and piety.
and with extraordinary mental powers. lie in fact cuuimenced a
new and hijiher school in divinity, to which mnny subsequent
writers, Erskine. Fuller, Newton, Scdtt, Kyland, the Milners,
Dwiglit, and indeed the great body of evangelical authors who
have since lived, have been indebted." — ItKV. E. IJjrKKKSTETH.
Dugald Stewart, after noticing CulUns's controversj with
Clarke, remarks that
"It is remarkable how completely Collins has anticipated Dr.
Jonjitlian Edwards, the most celebrated, and indisputably the
ablest, champion of the scheme of Necessity who has since ap-
peared.''
The reader will hardly expect us to voluntarily engulf
ourselves in this whirlpool of metaphygics, wherein the
■wits of many great, many wise, many valiant men have
been so completely wrecked. Baron de Grimm, indeed,
cut the Gordian knot without ceremony, but we doubt if
bis noble auditor, the Duko of Saxe Gotha, received much
either of instruction or edification from the baron's decla-
mation; and certain we are that it would require more
than Diderot's letter to reconcile us to Diderot's philosophy.
Sir James Mackintosh, who whilst at college had de-
bated with his friend Robert Hall "almost every import-
ant position in Edwards on the Will," thus speaks of him
in later years:
-'This remarkable man, Iho me ti physician of America, was
formed among the Calvinists of New England, when their sb?rn
doctrine retained its vigorous authority. His power of subtile
argument, perhaps unmatched, certainly unsurpassed among
men, was joined, as in some of the ancient Mystics, with a charac-
ter which raised his piety to fervour. lie embraced their doctrine,
probably without knowing it to be theirs. -True religion,' says
he, ■ in a great measure, consists in holy affections.' . . . His ethical
theory is contained in his Dissertatirm on the Nature of True Vir-
tue; and in another, On God's chipf End in the Creation. ... As
tar as Edwards confines himself to created beings, and while his
theory is perfectly intelligible, it coincides with that of universal
henevolence, hereafter to be considered." See 2d Prelim. Dissert,
to Eucyc. Brit.
The other young philosopher — -the college friend of Sir
James, who rose to as great distinction in another sphere —
that most eloquent orator, Robert Hall, always retained
his reverence for Edwards. His acquaintance with his
writings commenced at even an earlier period than those 1
happy days when the two friends debated so keenly, yet I
amicably, amidst the picturesque scenery of the banks of
tho Don. Dr. Gregory assures us that when Robert Hall i
was as yet a mere child, '' The works of Jonathan Edwards I
were among his favourites; and it is an ascertained fact, \
that before he was nine years of age, he had perused and
reperuscd, with intense interest, the treatises of that pro- '
found and extraordinary' thinker on the * Affections' and ■
on the 'Will.' His regard never diminished; he for full i
sixty years read Jonathan Edwards's writings with undi-
minished pleasure."
It is hardly necessary perhaps to observe that in quoting '
these testimonies to the intellectual greatness of Edwards,
the theological system of which he was so able an exposi-
tor is not at all intended to be brought under consideration.
"The Treatise on the Will is to a true philosophy of human na-
ture as the demonstrations of Leibnitz are to modern mechanical
science."' — Isaac Tatlor.
'■ To theological students his works are almost indispensable.
In all the branches of theology, didactic, polemical, casuistic, ex-
perimental, and practical, he had few equals, and perhaps no supe-
rior. The number and variety of his works show the intenseness
of his industry and the uncommon strength of his intellectual
powers. The Inquiry into the Will is a masterly work, which, as
a specimen of exact analysis, of profound or perfect abstraction,
of conclusive logic, and of calm discussion, will long support its
high reputation, and will continue to be used as a classic materi.al
in the business of intellectual education." — Lowmks's Brit. Lib.
Of this work the London Quarterly Review remarks :
" It is commonly referred to by nrnd-Tn Cjilriiiists as containing
both their sentiments and the cnntnin.itiMn of tbi-in. In it the
metaphysical reasonings in favour nf tin.- ]>iv'lfstiiKition tenets,
produced in such abundance duiiiig the century succeeding the
Keformation, have been digested and brought within reasonable
compass."
The Introductory Essay by Isaac Taylor to the edition
pub. in London, 1831, has been highly commended: "It
established the author's claims to rank among the most
accomplished metaphysical writers of the present day.
His main object is to analyze and separate, as by a chemi-
cal test, the different elements of Edwards's arguments,
and to place in its true light, or to refer to its proper de-
partment of science, the Inquiry concerning human agency,
free will, liberty, and necessity."
"The Inquiry into the Will is .1 most profound and acute dis([ui-
sitioo. Thf^ English Calviuists have produced nothing to be put
in competition with it. . . . That extraordinary man. who in a
metaphysical age or country would certainly have been deemed
as much the boast of America as his greiit countryman, Franklin."'
— Sir .Tames Mackintosh.
The Discourses on Justification Mr. Bickersteth considers
among the best on that all-important doctrine,
546
The History of the Work of Redemption, which is a mere out-
line of what the author intended, (see antt\) exhibits a "method
entirely new. Though a posthumous pulilication, it di-'^covers the
same originality and accuracy of thought with the other works of
the author.'"~DR. Wiluams.
"It shows the author's intimate acquaintance with the plan of
heaven, and how well he could illustrate its progressive develop-
ment."— ORME.
From this last-named writer, a very eminent authority,
we quote some further comments on our great author:
"Jonathan Edwards, as a philosopher, as well as a divine, had
few equals, and no superior, among his contemporaries. His works
will live as long .as powerful reasoning, genuine religion, aud the
science of the human mind, continue to be objects of respect. . . .
The Treatise on Religious Affections discovers his profound ac-
quaintance with the nature of genuine religion, and with all the
deceitful workings of the human heart. The Inquiry into the Free-
dom of the Human Will displays the talent of the author as a
metaphysician, and his accurate knowledge of the Arminian aud
Calvinistic controversy. His Defence of the Christian Doctrine of
Original Sin, designed partly as an answei* to a work on that sub-
ject by Dr. John Taylor of Norwich, discovers the same high quali-
ties which belong to his former works, with a greater portion of
excellent critical interpretation of the Scripture. His style, it is
to be regretted, repels many from the examination of his writings ;
but a little perseverance and attention will render it familiar to a
diligent student, and the effect of his close and convincing reason-
ing will prove eminently beneficial to the understandiug." — Bi-
hlihthfca Bihlica.
"A profound searcher into the genuine sources of truth, well
versed in the Holy Scripture.^, a close and minute reasoner, a
strenuous defendiT of h'tliiiiss and the rights of Uod; plain and
perspicuous in his untbod. iiiindornfd but prolix in his language.
On the whole, a nin,-.t cx'^ilbnt wiitir. both practical and contro-
versial."— Dr. WiUnuna'^ Chnslian Frmcher.
Dr. Jamieson refers to the respect accorded to Edwards's
powerful work by both parties of theologians:
" As a theological writer, he occupies the foremost rank amongst
metaphysical divines. His work on the Freedom of the Will, is
universally acknowledged to be one of the greatest efforts of hu-
man intellect; and while he is regarded by the Calviuists as the
greatest champion of the ])hilosophical necessity on which their
system is built, the Arminiaus also look to him as an authority,
whose principles and reasoning they are fnrced to treat with respect.
Theotherworksof Mr. Edwards — i)nOriginalSiu, On the -Affections,
The History of Iledemption — be;ir the same stamp of high intel-
lectual power, and all enjoy au extensive reputation."
For a comparison between Bishop Butler and Jonathan
Edwards, see Butler, Joseph, in this volume. A highly-
respected authority thus advises :
" Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to
familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi-
cal, the profound, the pious Jonathan Edwards, and those of An-
drew Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful com-
bination of doctrinal, pr.actical. and experimental religion.'' —
Oiunsds to Students of Theology on leaving College, by John Angdl
James.
We notice the following editions of Edwards's works:
I. Edit. pub. at Worcester, Mass., 1809, 8 vols. 8vo. (See
No. 7.) 2. E.lited by Dr. Williams, of Rotherham, Lon.,
1S17, 8 vols. r. Svo. and vols. ix. and x., Edin., 1847, r. 8vo,
£7 88. 3. By Edward Hickman, Lon., ls;U, 2 vols. imp.
Svo; 1839, 428. 4. An edit, by Dr. Austin, 1809, 8 vols.
5. An edit, by Dr. Sereno Edward Dwight, 1830, 10 vols.
Svo. 6. An' edit. pub. in New York in 4 vols. r. Svo, 1844.
I To this edit. Mr. Robert Ogle, of London, added 2 vols. r.
Svo, in 1S46. The two supplementary vols, contain Tho
Notes on the Bible, Miscellaneous Observations, Types of
the Messiah, and 17 Occasional Sermons. 7. A reprint
of the Worcester edit, was pub. in N. York in lS5o. 4 vols.
Svo. In 1852 (N. York, ISmo) a series of 10 Lectures on
Charity and its Fruits was pub. from President Edwards's
MSS., edited by the author's groat-grandson, the Rev.
Tryon Edwards, D.D., of New London, Connecticut. Wc
are pleased to announce that this gentleman, the trustee of
Edwards's MSS., is now (I80SJ engaged upon a new ed. of
the works of his distinguished ancestor, to be issued in Edin-
burgh and the United States simultaneously. We venture
to express the hope that the editor will not hesit-ate to mako
this edition as complete as the bue!itcsn prospects of the un-
dertaking will at all justify. Few of the admirers of Pre-
sident Edwards have any conception of the vast store of
his writings by which the world has never yet had an oppor-
tunity to be prolited. Dr. Tryon Edwards tells us,
•■ These manuscripts are very numerous. The seventeenth cen-
tury was an age of voluminous authorship. The works of Bishop
Ibill :iinnunt to ten volumes octavo; Lightfriot's, to thirteen; Jere-
my Taylor's, to fifteen; Dr. Goodwin's, to twenty; Owen's, totwenty-
eizlit; while Baxter's would extend to some sixty volumes, or
fpini thirty to forty thousand closely-printed octavo pages. Tho
manuscripts of Edwards, if all published, would be more voluoii-
nnus than the works of any of these writers, if possibly the last
be excepted. And these manuscripts have been carefully preserved
and kept together; and about three years since were committed to
the editor of this work, as sole permanent trustee, by all the then
surviving graud-childreu of their author." — Preface I" Charity and
its Fruits.
After this statement, we shall hardly excuse Dr. Edwards
EBW
Emv
if he fail to add considerably to the contents of the previous
editions of the works of his great iinee«tor. In addition
to the notices contained in the works already referred
to, the reader must peruse the biography of this distin-
guished divine in Middleton's Evangel. Biog., and the
Life, by Samuel Miller, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st series,
viii. 1.
Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 1745-1801, son of the
preceding, graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1765;
licensed to preach, 1766; tutor at Princeton College, 1767-
69; pastor of the church of White Haven at New Haven,
1769-95; pastor of the church at Colebrook, in Litchfichl
county, 1796; President of Union Coll., Schenectady, N.
York, 1799-1801. Dr. Edwards pub. a number of serms.
and theological treatises, for a list of which see Allen's
Amer. Biog. Diet., and a collective edit, of his works edited
by his grandson, Dr. Tryon Edwards. He was a contri-
butor (signatures I and 0) to the N. York Theolog. Maga-
zine, and edited from his father's MSS. The History of the
AVork of Redemption, two vols, of Sermons, and two vols,
of Observations on important theolog. subjects. Many in-
teresting particulars respecting the second President Ed-
wards— not to be met with elsewhere — will be found in the
Memoir pub. by Dr. Tryon Edwards.
*' There were several remarkable coincidences in the lives of Dr.
Edwards and his father. Both were tutors in the seminaries in
which they were educated: were dismissed on account of their re-
ligious opinions: were settled again in retired situations; were
elected to the presidentship of a collepe; and. in a short time after
they were inaugurated, died at nearly the same age. They were
also reniarkal'lv similar in person and character."
Edwards, Joseph. Serms., 1731, '36, '43. '50.
Edwards, Rev. Joseph, second Master of King's
College, London, has pub. a number of useful educational
and theolog. works. Some of the former were written in
conjunction with W. Cross of Queen's Coll., Cambridge.
Edwards, Mrs. M. C. Grammar, 1796, Svo.
Edwards, Morgan, 1722-1795, a Baptist minister, a
native of Wales, came to America in 1761. and became pas-
tor of a church in Philadelphia. He pub. several serms.
and theolog. treatises, iind Materials towards a History of
Baptists of' Penn. and N. Jersey, 1792, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edwards, P. H. The Imperial Conspirator Over-
thrown: a serio-burlesque performance, ISOS, Svo.
Edwards, Peter. Candid Reasons for renouncing
the principles of Antiptedobaptism, Lon., 1793, Svo; 4th
ed., Edin., 1841, 12mo; Phila., 1S41.
"Confining his attention in this essay to a few principal topics,
he has produced an argument of unusual power and conclusive-
ness. It cannot be overcome, and all attempts hitherto employed
to set it aside have been feeble."
Baptism ; being an address to Baptists and Ptedobaptists,
]805, 12mo.
Edwards, Richard, 1523-1566? an early dramatic
writer, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., and Christ Church,
Oxf., is best known as the designer and principiil contri-
butor to The Paradyse of Dayuty Deuises, and as the author
of Damon and Pythias, certainly one of the first English
dramas upon a classical subject. This tragedy — pub. Lon.,
1570, '71, '82, 4to — was acted before Queen p]lizabeth in
1566. Her majesty also witnessed the performance of
Edwards's Comedy of Palaemon and Arcyte in Christ Ch.
Hall, 1566. Wood gives an amusing acount of the per-
formance, and tells us that the cry of the honnds in the
hunting of Theseus was so well imitated, that some of the
young scholars
" Were so much taken and surpriz'd (supposinjr it had been real)
that they cried out. There, there — he's caught, he's caught. All
which the queen merrily beholding, said, 0 excellent! those boys
in very truth are ready to leap out of the windows to follow the
hounds." See Athen. Oxon.. Bliss's ed.. i. 35."?.
Besides the edits, we have noticed of The excellent
[Tragical] Comedie of two of the mostefaithfullcbtFreendos
Damon and Pithias, there is another, sine anno. The ma-
drigals and other poetical pieces of Edwards were very
popular. His ** May" and "I may not," the lines on the
maxim of Terence, Amntttium irrc omorh redintajratio est,
and the stanzas "In Commendation of Musick," (see the
first stanza in Romeo and Juliet,) are compositions of rare
excellence. We would fain linger on this theme, but our
limits forbid. Respecting this once-pupular poet, and the
Paradyse df Daynty Denises, (first pub. in 1576. and re-
puh. in The British Bibliographer.) the reader will find
copious notices in Putteuhani's Arteof Eng. Poet.; Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Annals: Sir E. Brydges's
edit, of Phillips's Theatrum Poetaruui ; Brit. Bibliog.,
vol. iii. ; Hawkins's Hist, of Music: Ellis's Specimens
Eng. Poet. ; Wartou's Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Biog. Dramat. ;
Collier's Hist, of Dram. Poet.,- and Drake's .Shaksp. and
his Times.
"If T should be tbonpht to have been disprnpnrtionately prolix
in speakiiit^ of Edwaids, 1 would be understui..! 1., b.ive partly in-
tended a tribute of respect to the memory i-f a pm-t who is ooe of
the earlie.st of our dramatic writers after the reformation of the
British stajje. . . . Edwards, besides that he was a writer of regular
dramas, appears to have been a contriver of masques, and a com-
poser of poetry for pajreants. In a word, he united all those arts
and accomplishments which minister to popular pleasantry: he
was the first fiddler, the most feshionable sonneteer, the readiest
rhymer, and the most facetious mimic of the court.'" — WartoiVs
Hist, of Kiig. Poetry.
Edwards, Richard. River Neen, Ac, Lon. ,1749, Svo.
Edwards, Richard. Letter to J. Hanbury, Esq.,
Lon.. 1772, 4to. Letter to Bp. S. Barrington, 177;:t. 4to.
Edwards, Richard. 3 books on Eng. Prosody, Ac.,
1S13.
Edwards, Roger. Psalmes and Prayers, Lon,, 1570,
16mo.
Edwards, Sampson, Lett, to Woodward, Lon., Svo.
Edwards, Sydeiiham. Cynographia Britannica,
Lou., 1800, 4to. 61 Plates, representing about 160 Rare
Plants, Lon., 1S09, 4to. Botanical Register, 14 vols. r. Svo,
£2 9«. each. New series, edited by Dr. Lindley, with 750
cord plates, 1838-47, 10 vols. r. Svo, £22. 1st Series was
pub. in 13 vols. r. Svo; each £2 10s.: 2d Series, 10 vols. r.
Svo; each £2 10«. : 3d Series, 10 vols. r. Svo; each £2 As,
Edwards, T. W. C. Educational works, 1818, Svo.
Edwards, Tenison. Orders H. Ct. of Chancery,
1815-45, Lon., 1845. ISmo ; Addenda, 1846^8, 1848, 12mo.
Edwards, Thomas, d. 1647, educated at Trinity-
Coll.. Camb., became a clergyman of the Church of Eng-
land, which he renounced for Presbyterianisra. He was a
bitter opponent of the Independents, and pub. against
them, in addition to other pieces, Gangrtena; or a Disco-
very of many of the Errors, Heresies, Blasphemies, and
pernicious practices of the Sectaries of the time, vented
and acted in England in these four last years, 3 parts, Lon.,
1646, 4to.
" Edwards's Gangrrena gives a horrible picture of the state of the
sects in th.it time. He was a liirid Presbyterian, and very bitter
agaiust those who differed from that system. His statements can-
not therefore be trusted." — Bickersteth^s C. S.
This attack was too much for the patience of the Inde-
pendents. They drove their opponent from England, and
he died in Holland. This he could not complain of, as
he was himself a violent enemy to toleration, and wrote a
work entitled The Casting Down of the last and strongest
hold of Satan ; or. A Treatise against Toleration, 1647, 4to.
See an account of Edwards and his writings in Wood's Fasti.
Edwards, Thomas. Scrm., 1660, Svo.
EdAvards, Thomas. Review of Crispinianism Un-
masked, Lon., 1693, 4to. Gospel Truth, *fcc., 1693, 4to.
Baxterianism Barefaced. 1699, 4to.
Edwards, Thomas. Praying in the Spirit; against
Extemp. Prayei-, Lou., 1703, Svo. Diocesan Episcopacy
proved from Holy Scripture. 1705, Svo.
Edwards, Thomas, 1699?-1757, a critic of consi-
derable ability, was a member of Lincoln's Inn, and called
to the bar, but never practised. He was devoted to the
study of Shakspearc, and was so indignant at the pompous
ignorance and arrogance displayed by Warburton in his
edition of the immortal bard, that he indited an epistle
to him, entitled A Letter to the author of a late Epistolary
Dedicatiou, addressed to Mr. Warburton. This was fol-
lowed in 1747 by a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition
of Shakspeare. It pleased the public ; and in 1 748 a 3d edit.
was pub. under the title of The Canons of Criticism, and a
Glossary, being a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition
of Shakspeare; collected from the notes in that celeltrated
work, and proper to be bound up with it. Again pub.,
1750, Svo. Best (7th) edit, 1765, Svo, which contains the
Trial of the Letter Y alias Y in order to settle the ortho-
graphy of our Language, and Sonnets. Also, Remarks on
Shakspeare by Mr. Roderick.
The Canons of Criticism was a fair hit at Warburton ;
for he remarked in his preface, that he had once designed
giving the reader a body of canons for literary critici.sm,
and a glossary, but that he had not carried out this idea,
as these uses might be well supplied by what he had occa-
sionally remarked in his notes on Shakspeare.
Edwards thought this too good a chance to be lost. He
therefore drew up a set of the most absurd px'etended ca-
nons from Warburton's notes, and gave instances in sup-
I port of tliem from the same authority. This enraged the
' amiable prelate not a little, and in his notes to the Dunciad
' he takes advantage of Pope's two lines —
" Ilrr children first of more distiDguished sort,
I Villi) study Shakspeare at the icns of court" —
I to add a comment most abusive of the satirist. But Ed-
! wards had altogether the best of the battle. Warton ap-
547
EBW
EGE
proved of his canons highly, and thoy were applauded by
Dr. Johnson, but the latter, who was a great admirer of
Warburton, took care to add —
'■ 8ir, a tly may sting and tease a horse, and yet the horse is the
nobltT animal."
In 1761 was pub. a tract of our author's, entitled Free
and Candid Thoughts on the Doctrine of Predestination.
It contains nothing new. See Biog. BriL; Nichols's Lit.
Anecdotes; Richardson's Corresp.
Edwards, Thomas, 1729-1785, entered at, (1747,)
and Fellow of. Cliire Hall, Camb. ; Rector of John the
Baptist, Coventry, 175S ; Vicar of Nuneaton, Warwickshire,
1771). He was a strenuous Arminian. New English trans. ■
of the Psalms, from the original Hebrew, reduced to metre
by the late Bishop Hare, with Notes and Illustrations, Lon.,
1755, 8vo. Prolegomena in Libros Veteris Testament!
Poeticos, &c., Cantub., 1762, 8vo.
"These works contain a dcfenoe and illustration of Bishop Hare's
principles of Hebrew metre, which have had few advocates since the ;
publication of Lowth's Lectures on th'.' Hebrew Poetry, and his
Isaiah. The translation of the Psalms affords occasional assistance
for understanding them, and contains various emendations of the
Hebrew text, suggested by the metre. The Latin Prolegomena,
which defend Hare and attack Lowth, are sometimes ingenious,
but seldom satisfactory. Br. Kdwards was evidently a man of
learning and talents.'— Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The Doctrine of Irresistible Grace proved to have no
foundation in the writings of the New Testament. 1759, Svo.
"I mention this work, not on account of its theology, which is
incorrect, hut of its criticism, which is sometimes valuable; as it
goes over a great number of passages in the New Testament criti-
cally, and places some of them in new aud advantageous lights."
— Orme, ubi supra.
" A very accurate and learned performance, which does great
honour to my ingenious friend, the worthy author." — Dr. Harwoud.
Dr. Edwards pub. several other learned works.
Edwards, Thomas, LL.D. The Jewish and Heathen
Rejection of the Christian Miracles, 1790, 4to. Other works,
Edwards, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1792.
Edwards, Thomas. Reports H. Ct. of Admiralty
on Vessels sailing under British Licenses, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Reports H. Ct. of Admiralty, 1808-1812, Lon., 1812, Svo.
N. York. 1813, '51, Svo.
Edwards, Timothy, d. 1758, aged 88, father of the
first President Edwards, was a son of Richard Edwards, a
native of Hartford, Connecticut. Timothy graduated at
Harvard Coll. in 1691. was ordained in 1694^, and was the
first minister of East Windsor, Conn. He pub. an Election
Sermon in 1732. It appears, from R. Wolcott's dedication
of his poems to him in 1723, that Mr. Edwards had some
pretensions as a poet.
Edwards, Timothy. A Paraphrase, with Critical
Annotations, on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans and
Galatians, Lon., 1752.
*' A judicious compilation from the best previous commentaries
on the two epistles." — Loiondes's Brit. Lib.
Edwards, Tryon,D.D., h. in Hartford, Connecticut,
1809, great-grandson of the tirstand grandson of the second
President Edwards, graduated at Yale Coll., and studied
theology at Princeton. New Jersey. Author of Child's
Commandment aud Promise; Self-Cultivation: four tracts
pub. by the Amer. Tract Soc.; several serms. in the Na-
tional Preacher; aud a number of occasional serms. or dis-
courses. Memoir of Dr. Bellamy, pub. with his Complete
Works. Memoir of President Edwards the Younger, pub.
with his Complete ^Vorks. Christiiinity a Philosophy of
Principles, &c. Address at Williams College. Editor of
Works of the younger President Edwards ; Charity and its
Fruits, from the MSS. of the elder President Edwards; the
Family Christian Almanac, (for several years.)
Dr. Edwards also designed and edited Select Poetry for
Children and Youth; Jewels for the Household; Anecdotes
for the Family: The Commandment Illustrated; The
World's Laconics, (under the assumed name of Everard
Berkeley.)
Contributor to The Christian Spectator; New Englander;
Biblical Repository ; Biblical Repertory ; and other period-
icals. We have already announced the fact that Mr. Ed-
wards is now (1858) engaged in preparing a now edition
of the works of his distinguished ancestor, the elder Pre-
sident Edwards. See Edwards, Jonatu.^n.
Edwards, Capt. Wm. Ordinance of the Lords and
Commons, &c., ]fJ44, 4to.
EdAvards, Wm, H. A Voyage up the Amazon, Lon.,
1848, p. Svo.
'* Valuable for the information it gives on this very little known
part of the world." — Lon. Ecmiomist.
"This book is full of novelty." — Ltm. Athcnamm.
Edwiu, Archbishop of Vork. 22 Serms., Lon.,
1685, 4to. Serms., ltJ16, 4to.
Edwin, John, 1749-1794, a celebrated English come-
dian. Eccentricities arranged and digested by Anthony
Pasquin, Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
Edy, J., M.D. Ruptures, &c., Lon., 1801, Svo.
Edy, John Wm. Scenes in Norway, Lon., 1812, fol.
Edye, John. Lett, to Wilberforce on the Importation
of Foreign Corn, 1815, Svo.
Edzard, J. E. Serm., Lon., 1696. 4to.
Eedes, John. Justification by Faith, Lon., 1654. 4to.
Eedes, Richard, D.D. 6 Serms., Lon., 1G04, Svo.
Eedes, Richard. Serm., Lou., 1660, 4to.
Eelbeck, Henry, Epinicion AngUcauum, Ac, Svo.
Eeles, Henry. Philos. Essays, or Thunder, Vapour,
&c., Lon.. 1772. Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1751.
Efl", Wm. Praise of the Gout, 1617, 4to.
Egau, Anthony. Book of Rates now used in the Sin
Custom-house of the Church and Court of Rome. Lon.,
1674, 4to; 1678. 4to. Other publications. See Wood's
Fasti for account of this Franciscan.
Egan, Charles. Assessed Taxes, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
Law rel. to Building Societies, 1S47, Svo. Observ. on the
New French Law of Patents. 4to.
Egan, Robert. E.xrhanger, Dubl., 1781, 4to.
Egan, Thomas, M.D. Profes. con. to Trans. Roy.
Irish Acad., 1806.
Egbert, Ecbert, or Ecgbert, Archbishop of
York, b. about 67S, d. 766, was the brother of Eadbert,
King of Northumberland. In 732 he succeeded the younger
Wilfrid in the See of York. 1. Dialogus de Ecelcsiastica
Institutione, Dubl.. 1664. 4to ; Paris. 1666, Svo. By War-
ton in 1693: et v. Bibl. Parr. Gallandii, xiii. 266. 2. Con-
stitutiones Ecclesiasticje. Egbert composed the Confes-
sionale and Pcenitentiale, which were afterwards the stand-
ard authorities of the Anglo-Saxon Church ; and some
other works are ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit.,
and the authorities there quoted.
Egelshem, Wells. Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Egerton. Theatrical Remembrancer, Lon., 1788, 12mo.
; A continuation, said to be incorrect, was pub. by Barker
' in ISOl.
Egerton, Charles. Hist, of Eng. in Verse, Lon., 1780.
I Egerton, D. T. Views in Mexico, 12 pictures, Lon.,
j 18.S9, '40, atlas fol. A beautiful set of plates.
I Egerton, Lady Frances, Countess of Ellesmere,
accompanied her husband in the journey which he has so
graphically described in his Mediterranean Sketches. Her
; ladyship also pub. a record of her impressions under the
title of Journal of a Tour in the Holy Land, Svo.
I " The genuine pihjrim's heart we find in Lady V. Ejrerton's un-
pretendini; journal more than in any other modern expedition to
I the Holy Land we know."' See an article entitled Lady Travellers,
by MisB Rigby, in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxvi. QS-lliT.
Egerton,Francis,Earl of Ellesmere, K.G.. 1800-
1857, second snn of the Duke of Sutherland, added thelustre
of letters to the heraldic honours of his house. His trans,
of Goethe's Faust, of Schiller's and Korner's Poems, his
researches in Northern Archajology, and Sketches of East-
ern Travel, are too well known and appreciated to require
an extended notice in this place. 1. Camp of Wallenstein
and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. 2. Catherine of Cleves, and
Heruaui; Tragedies, Svo. 3. Trans, from the German, Svo.
4. Boyle Farm, 12mo. 5. Mediterranean Sketches, 1843,
p. Svo. 6. The two Sieges of Vienna by the Turks, 1847,
p. Svo.
" Of the manner in which the Earl of Ellesmere has discharged
the various duties of translator, editor, aud author, we can speak
iu terms of high praise. . . . The work is a valuable contribution
to tho history of an important period." — L(m. Afhen.
7. Guide to Northern Archaeology, 1848, Svo. 8. The
Military Events in Italy. 1848, '49; trans, from the Ger-
man, p. Svo. 1850. Commended by Lon. M. Chronicle.
9. Life and Character of the Duke of Wellington. 1S52,
12mo. 10. Hist, of tho Two Tartar Conquerors of China j
from tho French ; with an Introduc. by R. H. Major, Hak.
Soc, 1854. Svo. 11. The Pilgrimage, and other Poems,
1856. 4to. See Two Funeral Serms. at the Funeral of the
Earl of Ellesmere. by Rev. S. Y. Eeechey, 1857. Svo.
Egerton, Francis Henry. See Bridgrwater,
Earl of.
E§;erton, Henry, a descendant of Lord Chancellor
Ellesmere, Bishop of Hereford. Serm., 1727, 4to,- 1729,
4to; 1701. 4to; 170:^, 4to.
Egerton, John, son of the preceding, educated at
Oriel Coll., Oxf., collated to the living of Ross, Hertford-
shire, 1743; Bishop of Bangor, 1756; of Lichfield aud
Covcntrv. 176S; of Durh.am, 1771. Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to;
1761, 4iu; 170;i. 4to; 1763. 4to.
Egerton, Stephen. Lecture, Lon., 1589, Svo. Cate-
chizing, 15'J4, lOoU, Svo. Subjection to God and the King,
1616, Svo.
EGE
Egerton, Stephen. Boring of the Enre. Lon., 1623,
12mo.
Egerton, Thomns, Baron of Ellesmere, Viscount
Brackley, b. nbout lolO. d. 1617, educated at Brapenose
^CoU.. Oxf., was constituted Lord High Chancellor by James
1. in 1603. Speech in the Exchequer Chamber, Lon., 1609,
4to. Obscrv. on Lord Coke's Reports, fol. A Treatise on
Chancery, (1641. 4to,) and one on The Chancellorship,
(1651, Svo,) are ascribed to him, but, it is thnught, erro-
neously. He left many MSS. on legal ami political sub-
ject. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. We have
already noticed a biography of this eminent statesman,
pub. by the Duke of Bridgbwater, q. v.
'' But surely all Christendom atTorded not a person which carried
more gravity in his countenance and behaviour than Sir Thomas
KgertOD, insomuch that many have gone to the Chancery on pur-
pose only to see his venerable garb, (happy they who had no other
business!) and were highly pleased at so acceptable a spectacle.
Yet was his outward case nothing in comparison of his inward
abilities, quick wit, solid judgment, ready utterance."— iWZtr's
Worthies of Cheshire.
Egerton, VVm. Life of Mrs. A. Oldfield, Lon., 1731,
Svo.
Eglesfield, Fr. Monarchy revived in the most illus-
trious Chas. the Second, Lon., 1661, 1822, Svo, 14 portraits.
Eglesfield, James. Serra., Lon., 1640.
Eg:leton, John. H. of Commons, Lon., 1714, Svo.
£glishani, Eglisemmius, or, as abbreviated, Egli-
sem, George, M.D., a Scotchman, " Doctor of Physick,
and one of the physicians to King James [II.] of happy
memory, for his Majestie's person, above ten years' space,"
has already claimed our notice in the article on George
Buchanan. Hypocrisis Apologeticie Orationis Vorstiance,
Delph., 1612, 4to. Duellum Poeticum, Ac, Georg. Bu-
chanano, Lon., 1618. '19, Svo. Prodromus Vindictae in
Duccm Buckinghamia?, 1626, 4to. The Forerunner of
Revenge, 1642. 4to. Declaration concerning poisoning K.
James of happy memory, 1648, 4to.
Egmont, Earls of. See Perceval.
Egremont, John. The Mildew, Lon., 1806, Svo.
Egreinont, John. Law of Highways, Ac, Lon., 1830,
2 vols. 12rao.
Egwiu, a native of the districtof the Ilwiceas, d. about
718, was made Bishop of Worcester on the death of Oftfor,
about 692. Bale attributes to him three works: a History
of the Foundation of Evesham, a Book of Visions, and a
Life of Aldhelm.
" The lattt-r, if it ever existed, is now lost. The other two are
without doubt the same as those from which his biographer [sup-
posed to be Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury] has given such
copious extracts; but itisdifticuU to say whether they still existed
at the time of Bale, and it is equally uncertain whether they were
separate books, or only parts of one work. . . . Egwin of Worcester
is remarkable as the first Englishman who wrote any thing like an
autobiography; but this was only an account of his pretended
■visions." — Wrir/ht's Biog. Brit. Lit.., q. v.
Ehret, G. D. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1763-
67. Hist., ttc. of R. Warner's Jessamine, fol.
Eichelberger, Rev, S., Lutheran preacher, Winches-
ter, edited 2 vols. Sermons on National Blessings and Obli-
gations, 1S30.
Eichorn, Charles. A Practical German Grammar,
N. York, 1849, 12mo.
'* The arranirement is excellent. The illustrations are sufficiently
full and the rules comprehensive. It is the best practical grammar
of the German language."
Eisdell, J. S. Industry of Nations. Vol. i., Produc-
tion. Vol. ii., Distribution, &c., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
"The fruits of great diligence, extensive study, well-digested
arguments, and vai ions practical conclusions, not the less valuable
in being as free from pedantry as they are from all bitterness, either
of spirit or partisanship.'" — Erkrtic Revinxv.
Causes and Remedies of Poverty, 1852, p. Svo.
Ekins, Charles, Rear-Admiral. Naval Battles, 1744r-
1814. Reviewed and Illustrated, 1S24. 4to.
Ekins, Jeffrey, d. 1791, Dean of Carlisle. The Loves
of Jledea and Jason, from ApoUonius Rhodius, Lon.,
1771. 4to.
Eland, Wm, Tutor to Astrology, Ac, Lon., 1694,
12mo. Tutor to Astr-.logy, by G. Parker, 1704, I2mo.
Elborous^h, Robert. Fast Serm., 1660, 4to.
Elborough, Thomas. Discourses, 1663, Svo; 1673,
12 mo.
Elborow, John, Serm., Lon., 1637, 4to.
Elbridpe, T. K. Dearness of Corn. tfec, Lon., 1772. 4to.
Elehies, Lord. Decisions Ct. of Session, 1732-1754;
edited fmm the ori^'. MSS. by W. M. Morison, Edin., 1813,
2 vols. 4to. Annotations on Lord Stair's Institutions of
the Law of Scotland, 1824, 4to.
Elcockj Ephraim* On a Plea for Nonscribers,
1651, 4to.
ELI
Elder. Dumourier on Bonaparte, Lon., 1807.
Elder, John. Letter relative to Philip and Mary,
(1555.) 16m(».
Elder, William, M.D., b. 1809, at Somerset, Penna.,
a resident of Philadelphia. 1. Periscopics : a Volume of
Miscellanies, N. York. 1854, 12mo; new ed.. with Addi-
tions, <tc., entitled The Enchanted Beauty, N. York, 1855,
12mo. 2. Life of Dr. E. K. Kane, Phila., 1857, Svo: see
Kane, E. K.
Elderfield, Chris., d. 1652, Rector of Burton, Sus-
sex. Civil Right of Tythes, Lon., 1650, 4to; 1654. Re-
generation, &c., 1653, 4to.
Elderton, Wm. A new merry newes, Lon., 1606, 8vo.
A Ballad against Marriage, nine anno. Respecting Elder-
ton — "a ballad-maker by profession, and drunkard by
habit"— see Ritson's Bibl. Poet. ; Herbert's Ames ; War-
ton's Eng. Poet.; Evans's Old Ballads; Harleian Misc.,
vol. X.
Eldon, Dr. Abraham, a nom de plume. The Con-
tinental Traveller's Oracle; or, New Maxims for Locomo-
tion, 2 vols.
" He is an acute observer of human nature, and has seen very
much of society both at home and abroad." — Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Eldred, Wm. The Gunner's Glasse: set forth by
Wav of Dialogue, Lon., 1646, 4to.
Eldridge, F. C. N. Hist, of Norwich, Norw., (1738,)
Svo.
Ele, Martin. Making Pitch, Phil. Trans., 1697.
Elemy, Wm. The Sinner's Thundering Warning
Piece; an account of a great storm, Lon., 8vo.
Eley, E. S. Visits of Mercy, 1813, 12mo.
Elford, Walter. Complaint agst. Sir S. Crow,1649,4to.
El^an, T. The Fallen Farm-house, 1796.
Elgin, Thomas Bruce, Earl of, 1771-1S40. Mem.
on the subject of his Pursuits in Greece, Edin., 1810, 4to ;
Lon., 1811, 8vo. For other publications on this subjectj
see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. His lordship expended £74,000
in the purchase and removal of his vast collection of Gre-
cian antiquities. They were bought by government for
£35,000. So that the charge of "mercantile spirit" lavished
upon his lordship seems rather out of place.
Eliazar, Bar Isajah, a converted Jew. A Vindica-
tion of the Christian Messiah, Lon., 1653, 4to.
Elibank, Lord. Considerations on the Present State
of the Peerage of Scotland, Lon., 1771, 8vo.
Elibank, Patrick, fifth Lord. Essays on the Public
Debt, or Paper Money, and on Frugality, Edin., 1753, Svo.
See Dr. Wallace's Characteristics of the Present State of
Great Britain. Lon., 1758, Svo.
Eliot, Andrew, D.D.. 1719?-1778, a minister in Bos-
ton. Occasional Serms., 1742, '44, '50, "54, '59, '66, 71, 73.
Dudleiau Lecture, 1771. 20 Serms., 1774, Svo.
Eliot, Archdeacon Edward. Discourses on Chris-
tian Responsibilities, Lon., 12mo. Lectures on Chris-
tianity and Slavery, preached at Barbadoes Cathedral,
1833, 'l2mo.
"Written in Archdeacon Eliot's most impressive style. It may
indeed be said to breathe the pure spirit of apostolical Christianity."
— Lnn. Chris. Remrmb.
Eliot, Francis Perceval. Armed Yeomanry, 1794,
Svo. Paper Currency, 1811, Svo. Financial Remarks,
1S09, Svo.
Eliot, Jared, 1685-1736, a minister at Killingworth,
Connecticut, was a grandson of John Eliot, " The Apostle
of the N. Amer. Indians." He was skilled in agriculture
and physic. Agricult. Essays; several edits. Religion
supported by Reason and Revelation, 1735. Election Serm.,
1738. Serra. on the taking of Louisbourg, 1745.
Eliot, John. Ortho-Epia-Gallica: Eliot's Fruits for
the French, Lon., 1593, 4to.
Eliot, John. Poems. Lon., 1658, sm. Svo; anon. The
name of John Eliot appears at the end of a poem at p. 34
of the above volume.
"Composed by nobody knows whom, and are to be had everybody--
knows where, and for somebody knows what."
Eliot, John, 1604-1690, a minister of Roxbury, Mass.,
usually called " The Apostle of the N. Amer. Indians," was
a nativeofNasing, Essex, England, and emigrated to Bos-
ton, N. England, in 1631. He acquired the language of
the Indians, and engaged with great zeal in the work of
their conversion to Christianity, in which he was eminently
successful. In 1661 he pub. bis trans, of the New Testa-
ment into the Indian tongue; 2d edit., 1680; and in 1663
appeared the trans, of the whole Bible in 4to, entitled Ma-
musse Wunneetupamatamwe Up-Biblum God naneeswo
Nukkone Testament kah wonk AVusku Testament. A 2d
edit, was pub. in 1685, 4to, revised by Mr. Cotlonj both
were printed at Cambridge, N. England.
M9
ELI
ELL
"This version has now heconie a literary curiosity, there being
scarcely any person living who can read or understand a single
verse in it." — Horne's Bibl. Bib.
If this declaration oftend the philological vanity of any
of our readers, we give them an opportunity of testing
their skill by asking a translation of the shortest verse
before us :
*Numineetsuongash asekesukokish assmailnean yeuyeu ke-
sukod."
The longest word used in the Bible is in St. Mark i. 40 —
Wutappesittukqussunnookwehtunkquoh —
"kneeling down to him." We presume that these speci-
mens will be enough fur the general reader: philologists
are referred to Eliot's Indian Bible. Iti64, 4to. New ed.,
with Notes, by P. S. Du Ponceau, and Introduction, by J.
Pickering, Boston, 1S22. 8vo. For the other publications
of this excellent and devoted man. and particulars of his
life, we must refer the reader to Mather's Magnalia; Eliot's
Life and Death ; Neal's N. E. ; Mass. Hist. Coll. ; Douglas ;
Hutchinson; Holmes: Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet. ; Life by
Convers Francis, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Ist ser., v. i.
The excellent Cottun Mather waxes warm when he takes
up his fruitful pen to depict the virtues of John Eliot:
"Having implored the assistance and acceptance of that God
whose blessed word has told us, ' The ri^-'hteous shall be had in
evi-rlasting remembrance,' I am attempting to write the life of a
righteous person, concerning whom all things but the meanness
of the writer invite the reader to expect nothing save what is truly
extraordinary. It is the life of one who has better and greater
things to be affirmed of him, than could ever be reported concern-
ing any of those famous men which have been celebrated by the
pens of a Plutarch, a I'liuy, Laertius, an Euuapius. or in any Pa-
gan histories. It is the life of one whose character might very
agreeably be looked for among the collections of a. Dorotheus, or
the orations of a Nazianzen; or is worthy at least of nothing less
than the exquisite stile of a Melchior Adam to eternize it." — Ubi
supra.
"The Apostle — and truly I know not who since Peter and Paul
better deserves that name."— Ora/iwi by Hon. Edward Evei-ett at
Dorchester, Mass., July 4, 1855.
£liot, John, D.D.. 1754-1813, a minister of Boston,
Mass., son of Andrew Eliot, D.D., was one of the founders
and principal contributors to the Mass. Hist. Society. Oc-
casional Serms., 1782, '83, '94, '97. ISOO, 'Oo. &c. Biog.
Diet, of eminent characters in N. England, Salem, 1809,
8vo. Papers in Mass. Hist. Coll.. iv., vi., viii., ix., x.
Eliot, L. W. Serm., Lon., 1820, 8vo.
Eliot, Samuel, b. at Boston, Mass., 1821, educated
at Harvard University, and in Europe. 1. The Life and
Times of Savonarola. 2. The Liberty of Rome : a His-
tory, N. York, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo ; Lon., 1849, 2 vols. Svo,
and a folio vol. of illustrations. 3. The History of Liberty,
Bost., 1853, 4 vols. 12mo : Pt. 1. The Ancient Romans ; PL
2, (repub. Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo,) The Early Christians.
" The character of this remarkable American work may be in
part surmised from one of the mottoes on its title-page : ' The His-
tory of the World is one of God's own great poems.' Its aim, in
tracing accurately and philosophica.lly the struggles of Rome after
liberty, is to show that over antiquity, as over our own times, an
overruling Providence prt^vailed, and that none can tithom the
truths of history but with the plummet of Kevelation. It main-
tains, and satisfactorily elucidates, the great truth of the univer-
sality of the Divine government as the groundwork of every his-
■ tory that deserves the name." — President King.
4. Manual of United States History, 1492-1850, 1856,
12mo. Articles iu periodicals.
Eliot, Samuel A. Sketch of the History of Harvard
College, and of its Present State, Bost., 1848, 12mo.
Eliot, Thomas. See Elyot.
Eliot, VV. H., Jr. Genealogy of the Eliot Family; [re-
viseil and enlarged by W. S. Porter. N. Haven. 1854, 8vo.
Eliot, VVm. Granville. Treatise on the Defence of
Portugal, with a Military Map of the Country, Lon., ISU.Svo.
Eliot, Rev. Wni.G., D-D., of St. Louis, Mo. L Unity
of God, Bost., 12mo. 2. Doctrines of Christianity, 1852.
3. Lectures to Young Men, 1853, IGmo. 4. Lectures to
Young Women. 1853, lOmo.
"One of those very few bnoUs that a father may safely place in
the hands of his daughter."— J/o(/(c/-'s Assistant.
5. Early Religious Education Considered as the Di-
vinely-Appointed Way to the Rcgener.ato Life. 1855. 6.
A Discourse, 1855. 7. Discipline of Sorrow, 1855.
Elis, John, D.D. Defensio Fidei, Lon., 1C60, 12mo.
Elis. See Ellis.
Elitos. See Elyot, Thomas.
Elizabeth, Queen of England, daughter of Henry
VIII. and Anne Boleyn, 1533-1603, was one- of the most
learned persons of lier time, and author of sundry transla-
tions from the Greek, Latin, and French, and some original
compositions. 1. The Mirrour, or the Glass of the SinfuU
Soul; trans, from the French when she was only eleven
years of age. 2. Prayers and Meditations; from the
550
French of Margaret of Navarre, &c., Lon., 1548, 8vo.
3. A Dialogue from Xenophou, between Hiero and Simon-
ides. 4. Two Orations from Isocrates, trans, into Latin,
5. Latin Oration at Cambridge. 6. Latin Oration at Ox-
ford. 7. Comment on Plato. 8. Boethius de Consolatione
Philosophise, trans, into English, 1593. Trans, of Sallust's
Jugurthine War of Plutarch de Curiositate, Horace's Art
of Poetry, a Play of Euripides, &c. For other composi-
tions of Elizabeth's, see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Au-
thors. For publications connected with her reign and its
literature, and accounts of her personal and political cha-
racter, see the Histories of England by Hume, Rapin,
Eehard, Keightley, Lingard, and the Pictorial History,
Camden's Annals, Strype's Auuals and Memorials, Bal-
lard's Memoirs, Wood's Annals, Nichols's Progresses, An-
drews's Contin. of Henry's Hist., Miss Strickland's Lives
of the Queens of England, Drake's Shaksp. and his Times,
Harrington's Nugae Antiquse, Hazlitt's Dramat. Lit. of the
Age of Elizabeth, Romantic Biog. of the Age of Elizabeth,
and many other works which wo have no room to cite.
Especially should Anthony Bacon's Memoirs of Elizabeth,
1581-163 0, be carefully perused:
'■ From this excellent collection we are as well acquainted with
the Earl of Kssex and the Court of Queen Elizabeth, as if we h.id
lived in it." — Hardwicke's State I'apers. i. 372.
*■ I have been informed on the best authority that Queen Eliza-
beth exercised her poetical pen more voluminously than we have
hitherto known, for that there exists a manuscript volume of her
majesty's poems in that rich repository of state papers — the Hat-
field Collection." — IHsraeWs Amenities of Literature, vol. ii.
Mr. Headly would not have esteemed this volume of her
majesty's poetry much of a treasure:
" As dead queens rank but with meaner mortals, we may assert,
withnut much fear of contradiction, that little else can now be
gratified by the perusal of Elizabeth's poetry than mere curiosity."
The Age of Elizabeth is certainly the most brilliant in
the literary annals of England, nor is it likely that its
splendour will ever be surpassed. The remarks of Mr.
Hazlitt in this connection deserve to be often quoted, and
should never be forgotten by the Christian and man of
letters. Referring to the intellectual activity of this age,
especially the many mighty names which adorn the dra-
matic literature of the times, he remarks:
'• For such an extraordinary combination and development of
fancy and genius many causes may be assigned, and we seek for
the chief of them in religion, in politics, in the circumstances of
the time, the recent diffusion of letters, in local situation, and in
the character of the men who adorned that period and availed
themselves so nobly of the advant.iges placed within their reach.
. . . The translation of the Bible was the chief engine in the great
work. It threw open, by a secret spring, the rich treasures of reli-
gion and morality, which had been there locked up as in a shrir*e.
. . . It gave them a common interest in the common cause. Their
hearts burnt within them as they read. It gave a mind to the
people, by giving them common subjects of thought and feeling.
It cemented their union of character and sentiment; it created
endless diversity and collision of opinion. They found objects to
employ their faculties, and a motive, in the magnitude of the con-
sequences attached to them, to exert the utmost eagerness in the
pursuit of truth, and the niost daring intrepidity in maint.iining
it." — Lectures on the Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth^ Lect. I.
Elizabeth, H.R.H.. Princess, 3d daughter of George
III. 1. Cupid turned Volunteer. Lon., 1808, 4to. The
poetical illustrations are by Thomas Park. 2. The Power
and Progress of Genius, in a series of 21 Etchings, 1806,
fol. For private circulation only. 3. Six Poems (by Wm.
Coonibe) illustrative of as many Engravings from designs
by H.R.H., 1813. 4to.
Elizabeth, Charlotte. See Tonna, Mrs.
Kikes, Richard. Medicine for Soldiers, Lon., 1S43.
Elkiu, Ueuj. Lett, to Editor of The Voice of Jacob,
rel. to the Mishna. Lon., 1843.
Elking, Heury. Interest of G. Brit, considered, Lon.,
1723, 8vo. Greenland Trade and Whale-Fishery, 1722, 8vo.
■■This valuable tract embodies, within a short compass, a great
deal of iuformatiou respecting the early history of the whalo-Iish-
ery." — McOuUoch's Lit. of I^lit. Econ.
Elkin^toii. Joseph. See Johnstone. John.
Ellaby, Francis. Church of the Lord,Lon.,1838,12mo.
Ellaby, Janies,and A. S. ThelAvall. Anti-Mam-
mon, or an Exposure of the Unscriptural Statements of
Mammon, {by Kev. John Harris,) 3d edit., Lon., 1837, er.
bvo. See Harris, Jons.
Ellesby, James. Serm.. 16S4, 4to ; do., 1694, 4to.
Ellesmere, Couutess of. See Egerton, Lady
Frances.
See Egerton, Francis.
See Egerton, Thomas.
The Mississippi and Ohio Ri-
Ellesmere, Earl of.
Ellesmere, Baron.
Ellet, Charles, Jr.
vers, Phila., 1853, Svo.
Ellet, Elizabeth F., a daughter of Wm. A. Lummis,
M.D., and wife of Wm. 11. Ellet, M.D., late Professor of
ELL
ELL
Chemistry in Columbia College, New York City, and in the j
College at Columbia, S. Carolina, is a native of Sodus, New
York. Her first publication, a poem in the American La-
dies' JNIagazine, Boston, appeared in 1833, and a trans, of
Silvio Pcliico's Euphemia of Messina, in 1834 ; since which
she has been one of the most voluminous, and certainly
one of the most popular, writers of America. We give a
list of her works: 1. Poems, Original and Selected, 1835,
12mo. 2. Teresa Contariui ; a Tragedy acted in 1835.
3. Scenes in the Life of Joanna of Sicily, 1S40, 12mo.
4. The Characters of Schiller, 1841, 12mo. 5. Rambles
about the Country, ISmo. 6. Evenings at Woodlawn,
12mo. 7. The "Women of the American Revolution, 1S4S,
Ac, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Family Pictures from tlie Bible,
I S40, 12mo. 9. The Domestic History of the American
Revolution, 1850, 12mo. 10. Watching Spirits. 1851, 8vo.
li. Scripture Gift Book, Svo. 12. Pioneer Women of the
West, 1852, 12mo. 13. Nouvellettes of the Musicians,
1 852, 12mo. 14. Summer Rambles in the \Vest, 1853,
12mo. Mrs. Ellet has contributed many articles to the
North American, the American Quarterly, and the South-
ern Quarterly, Reviews. For critical notices of her writ-
ings, we must refer the reader to Griswold's Female Poets
of America, Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record, Harfs Female
Prose Writers of America, and the Southern Literary Mes-
senger, ii. 116.
An English periodical of high authority and most vigor-
ous tone of criticism acknowledges that
"In treating the Women of the lleToIution, Mrs. Kllet is fair
and honest; . . . and the illustrations whiuh might be drawn from
a book like this, contain a lesson neither ephemeral in value nor
limited in its application." — Lon. Athtnirnvi.
£llia9 Felix. Norman Banditti, or the Fortress of
Constance; a Tale, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. 12mo.
Ellicott, Andrew, 1759-1820, Prof, of Mathemat. at
West Point, N. York; Commissioner of the U. States. His
Journal: rel. to Boundary between U. States and Spain,
Phila., 1S03, 4to. Astronom., &c. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc,
1793. '99, 1802.
EUicott, C. J. Hist, and Obligation of the Sabbath :
Ilulsean Lecture, Lon., 1844, Svo.
£llicott,John. Electricity, Lon., 1748, 4to. Clocks,
1753, &c., 4to. Metals, Diamonds, Electricity, Clocks;
see Phil. Trans.. 173(5, '45. '51.
£Uiu^ton, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1771, Svo.
Elliot. Essays upon the Husbandry of New England,
Lon., 1764, 4to.
Elliot and Strobel. A Digest of the Militia Law
of South Carolina, Charleston, 1834, Svo.
Elliot, Miss. Fancy's W>eath ; a collec. of Fables
and Allegorical Tales in Prose and Verse, 1S13, Svo.
Elliot, Adam. Vindic. of T. Gates, Lon., 1682, fol.
Elliot, Adam. Travels, Ac. in Fez.
Elliot, Charles, D.D., b. 1792, in the county of Do-
negal, Ireland. Indian Missionary Reminiscences, N. York,
ISmo. Delineation of Roman Catholicism, N. York, 2 vols.
Svo; 3d ed., Lon., 1851, imp. Svo. This distinguished Me-
thodist diviue has also pub. an Essay ou Baptism, (1834,)
a life of Rev. Mr. Roberts, and a work on Slavery.
Elliot, Charles H. The Republican, in a Series of
Strictures on T. Paine's Rights of Man, Lon., 1791, Svo.
Elliot, E. Paraphrase of Job, 1792. 12mo.
Elliot, George, Life of the Duke of Wellington,
Lon., 1815, Svo. A Narrative of his Life, Svo.
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, d. 1777, distinguished as a par-
liamentary speaker, and father of the first Earl of Minto,
wrote "the beautiful pastoral song" (Sir Walter Scott) be-
ginning with the lines —
" My sheep I neglected. I broke my sheep-book.
And all the gay haunts of my youth I foisook."
Elliot, Gilbert, D.D., Dean of Bristol. Serms., Lon.,
1850. Svo. Speech. Bristol. 1850, 12mo. Letter. 1851, 12mo.
Elliot, James, is well known as the author of several
valuable works on Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry,
Algebra, Ac, Lon., 1845-51.
'■These books [on Geometry and Mensuration] are the work of a
man who is both an able practical Mathematician, and an expe-
rienced TeiichHr." — L&n. Spectatoi;
Elliot, Miss Jane, sister to Sir Gilbert Elliot, of
Minto, gained considerable reputation by her song entitled
"Flowers of the Forest" — a dirge for the slain at Flodden
Field. It has been placed in competition with Mrs. Cathe-
rine Cockburn's song of the same title.
Elliot, Sir John. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to. Argts.
upon the Writ of Habeas Corpus contg. Loans in the K. B.
Elliot, or Elliott, John, M.D., d. 1786. Works on
medicine, physiology, and nat. philos., Lon., 1780-87.
Elliot, li,, d. 1788, formerly of Bene't Coll., Camb.,
was a native of Kingsbridge, Devon. Serms. and thcolog.
treatises, 1788-1813.
Elliot, Robert. Spec, of Burnet's Hist., 1715, Svo.
Elliot, Robert, Capt. R.N. Views in the East; from
Sketches by Capt. E., imp. Svo, r. 4to, and imp. 4to.
Elliot, Samuel H., b. 1809, at Brattleborough, Ver-
mont. 1. Rolling Bridge, Bost., 1838, 16mo. 2. Sequel
to No. 1, 1844, 16mo. 3. Emily Maria, N. York, 1844,
16mo. 4. The Parish Side, 1854, 12ino. 5. Dreams and
Realities, 1856, 12mo. 6. New England's Chattels, 1858,
12mo. Also papers in periodicals.
Elliot, Thos, Chemistry and Nat. Hist., 1784. 2 vols.
Elliotson, John, M.D., b. London, towards the close
of the 18th century ; Pres. Rny. Mod. and Chir. Soc, Lon. ;
Prof. Principles and Practice uf Medirine, &c. Univ. Coll.,
Lou.; Lecturer on the Practice of Medicine, St. Thomas's
Hospital, Lon. 1. Cases of the Hydrocyanic or Prussia
Acid, Lon., 1820, Svo. 2. Lectures on Diseases of the
Heart, 1830, fol. 3. Principles and Practice of Medicine,
1839, Svo; 2d ed., by Drs. N. Rogers and A. Cooper Lee,
1842. Svo, pp. 1232. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions
by T. Stewardson, Phila., 1S44, Svo. This valuable work
has been trans, into the German and other languages. 4.
Human Physiology, 1840, '56, Svo. 5. Surgical Operations
in the Mesmeric State without Pain, 1S43, Svo,
Elliott, C. B. 1. Letters from the North of Europe,
Lon., Svo. Commended by Lun. Lit. Gaz.
2. Travels in Austria, Rusi^ia, and Turkey, 1838, 2 vols.
Elliott, Charles B., Rector of Tattingstone. The
Vicissitudes of I-ife; a Serm., Godalming, 1838, Svo. ♦
Elliott, Ebenezer, 1781-1849, known by the title of
**The Corn-Law Rhymer," was a native of Masborough,
near Rotherham. Yorkshire. His father was a clerk in the
Iron-works, at a salary of £70 per annum, with which a
family of eight children were to be supported. Obliged to
commence hard labour at an early age in the foundry, there
seemed to be little prospect of that literary reputation which
the industrious operative was destined to achieve. A taste
for reading, however, triumphed over all obstacles, and a
warm admiration of poetry, especially the rural pictures
of Thomson, soon resulted in an attempt at imitation, which
was sufficiently successful to excite the astonishment of
several literary gentlemen, who determined that such
powers should not be allowed to lie dormant. His first
publication was the Vernal Walk, written in his 17th year.
He nest gave to the world "Night," a portion of which is
repub. in his works under the title of the Legend of Wliarn-
cliffe. This was severely handled by the Monthly Review
and the Monthly Magazine ; but Elliott was not easily dis-
couraged, and again ventured before the public in a volume
of Poems, which was also unsuccessful. But Southey con-
soled the author;
"There is power in the least of these tales, but the higher you
pitch your tone the better you succeed. Thirty years ago they
would have made your ri-putatian ; thirty years Jie7i<x the world wil!
wondtjr that they did not do so."
To this volume succeeded the Poem of Love, prefaced
by a savage attack upon Byron's Giaour; to which his
lordship deigned no reply.
Deserting the tender themes which had heretofore in-
spired his muse, Elliott now a])peared in the character of
the Corn-Law Rhymer. The '■ Corn-Law Rhymes" — urg-
ing the repeal of the duties and free trade in bread-stuffs —
were pub. in the same vol. with The Ranter. In 1829 he
gave to the world "The Village Patriarch," and in 1831
contributed to the New Monthly Magazine a Spenserian
poem entitled "Byron and Napoleon, or they met in Hea-
ven." In the same year appeared the 3d edit, of Love,
and the 3d edit, of Corn-Law Rhymes. The " Poet of the
People" had now gained sufficient reputation to justify his
favouring the public with a collective edit, of his poems.
They appeared in three vols., Lon., 12mo, 1833, '34, '35;
and in 1840 an edit, was issued in one vol. r. 8v6. For
further particuhirs respecting Elliott, sec a sketch of his
life (chiefly taken from a memoir in the Sheffield and Ro-
therham Independent) in the Gent. Mag., Feb., 1850, to
which we are indebted for the above facts. See also The
Life, Character, and Genius of Ebenezer Elliott, by J. Serle,
1850, ISmo, Poetry and Letters, by J. Watkins, 1850, p.
Svo, and More Verse and Prose, vols. i. and ii., 1850, i2mo.
An article on Elliott will be found in Chambers's Papers
for the People, and an autobiographical Memoir in the
London Athenaeum for Jan. 1850. By his attention to the
iron business, in which he was engaged, he was enabled to
gain a respectable competence. AVe give extracts from the
opinions of several known authorities respecting the merits
, of Elliott as a poet. The reviewer, after referring to tha
551
ELL
ELL
remarkable dearth of true poetry which distinguished the '
day, proceeds :
*'lf the whole welkin hang overcast in drizzly dinyiness, the ^
fet-ljlest li^ht-gleam or speck of blue cannot pass uuheeded. The i
Works of tUis Curn-Law Khynier we might liken ratht-r to some
little fraction of a rainbow: hues of joy Jind harmony, painted out ,
of troublous tears. No round full bow, indeed; gloriously span-
ning the Heavens; shone on by the full sun; and, with seven-
striped, golden-crimson border (as is in some sort the office of
Poetry) dividing Black from Brilliant: not such; alas, still far
from it ! Yet, iu very truth, a little prismatic blush, trlowing genu-
ine among the wet clouds; which proceeds, if you Mill, fmiii ;t sun
cloud-hiddfu, yet indiaites that a sun does shine, aud almx,- thnse
vapours, a whole azure vault and celestial firmament stretch
serene." — Tho.mxs Cabltle: Eihn. i?«f.. Iv. 33S.
"Ebenezer Klliott (of whom more another day) claims with pride
to be the Poet of the Poor— and the poor might well be proud, did
they know it, that they have suchapoet. Notafewof them know
it now— and many will know it in future; fur a muse of fire like
his will yet send its illumination -into deep, dark holds.' May it
consume all the noxious vapours that intist snrh n^iions— and
purify the atmosphere— till the air breathed IIrmt be thi^ breath of
fife."_i>R0F. Wilson : Kecreations of Ciu~isti'phcr Ni>rtk—aii Hour's
Talk about Poeinj.
" Ilis sky never shows the calm, clear, unclouded summer blue;
some speck on the horizon, although no bigger than a man's hand,
ever predicates storm ; and It is impossible to mistake Elliott's moor-
lands for the Klysian fields. As a depicter of the phases of hu-
manity, his portraits are almost all of one class; and with that
class are identified his entire sympathies, llenco it is that he
seems deficient in that genial spirit which characterizes more ca-
tholic natures: in those expansive feelings which embrace society
in all its aspects; in those touches which 'make all flesh kin.'" —
Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half Century.
"The inspiration of his verse is a fiery hatred of injustice. "With-
out possessing much creative power, he almost places himself be-
%teide men of genius by the singular intensity and might of his
sensibility. He understands very well the art of condeosing pas-
sion. ' Spread out the thunder.' says Schiller. ' into its single tones,
and it becomes a lullaby for children; pour it forth together, in one
quick peal, and the royal sound shall move the heaveus.' The
great ambition of Elliott is to thunder. He is a brawny man, of
nature's own make, with more than the usual portion of the an-
cient Adam stirring within him; and he says, '1 do well to be an-
gry.' The mere sight of tyranny, bigotry, meanness, prompts his
smiting invective. His poetry could hardly have been Avritteu by
a man who was not physically strong. You can hear the ring of
his anvil, and see the sparks tly off from his furnace, as you read
his verse." — Einvix 1'. Whipple: Essays and Iievi<^ios — Eng. Poets
of the Kind'cnlli (••ntary.
"I am ijuite willing to hazard any critical credit, by avowing
my persuasion, that in originality, power, and even beauty, when
he chose to be beautiful, he might have measured heads beside
Byron in tremendous energy, Crabbe in graphic description, and
Coleridge in effusions of domestic tenderness; while in intense
sympathy with the poor, in whatever he deemed their wi-ongs or
their sufferings, he e.tcelled them all — and pei'haps everybody else
among contemporaries, in prose or verse. He was, in a transcend-
ental sense, the port of the pfjor, whom, if not always wisfly, I at
least dare not say. he loved too xodl. His personal character, his
fortunes, and his genius, would require, and they deserve, a full in-
vestigation, as furnishing an extraordinary study of human na-
ture."— .Tamrs ■\IONT(iOMERT; rffereMC-c tr> Mnnriir ahore. See also
Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Uist. of the Lit. of the last
Fifty Years.
Klliott, Edward B,, Preb. of Ileyteshury. 1. Horjje
Apocalypticae, 4th ed., Lon., 1851, 4 vols. Svo.
•'An exceedingly valuable work.'' — Bickersteth''s C. S.
2. Reply to T. K. Arnold. 1845, Svo. 3. Reply to Dr.
Candlish, 1847, Svo. 4. Vindicia3 Horariae. Letters to
Dr. Keith, 1848. Svo.
Elliott, Frank R., h. 1817, at Guilford, Connecticut.
American Fruit-Grower's Guide, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
Contributions to various agricult. and horticult. journals
of the U. States.
Elliott, George Percy. Qualifications, &c. of Par-
liamentary Electors in Eng. and Wales, 2ded., Lon., 1843,
12m 0.
Elliott, H. M. Bibliographical Index to Mohammedan
History, vol. i., Lon., 1819, Svo.
Elliott, Henry Venn. Serm. on the death of the
Rev. Henry Murtlock. with a brief Memoir. Lon. ,lS37,12mo.
Elliotts Jonathan. The American Diplomatic Code,
■with Treaties, Ac, 1778-1834, Wash., ISIM, 2 vols. Svo.
*'lt appears to me to be a very valuable work for all persons who
desire to have a knowledge of our Diplomatic History, of our Trea-
ties, and of the general principles of Public Law applicable to our
iForeign Relations. It seems to me. also, almost indisp4^nsable for
the library of a statesman, and the researches of a j urist." — Joseph
Stoey, Washinfjton, lib. 15, 1834.
Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adop-
tion of the Federal Constitution ; 2d ed., 1836, 4 vols. Svo.
Supplement, (vol, v.,) 1843, Svo ; new ed., revised, Phila.,
1858. 5 vols. Svo.
Elliott, Mary. Tales for Boys. 183*). ISmo; for Girls,
1845. ISmo: of Trutli, 1840. 12mo; for the Young, 1852,
ISmo; for Young People, new edit., 1852, ISmo. Other
works for the young.
552
Elliott, Stephen, LL.D., 1771-1830, Professor of
Botany iu the Medical College of S.C, was a native of
Beaufort, S.C. He was one of the principal conductors of
the Soutiiern Review, and an accomplished scholar. Sketch
of the Botany of S. Carolina and Georgia, Charleston, S.C,
1821.2 vols.'Svo.
Elliott, Stephen, Jr., D.D., b. 1806, at Beaufort, S.C.
formerly Pruf. of Sacred Literature in the S.C. College, was
ordained deacon in 1835 and priest iu '36; consecrated
Bislmp of Geor-jia iu 1841. Sermons, <fec.
Elliott, William, b. 1788, at Beaufort, S.C, a nephew
of Stephen Elliott. LL.D. 1. Address before the St. Paul's
Agricultural Society, Charleston, 1850. 2. Fiesco; a
Tragedy, printed for the Author, N.Y., 1850, 12mo. 3.
Carolina Sports by Land and Water, Charleston, 1856,
12mo. See Duyckiucks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Ellis. New Britain; a Narrative of a Journey to a
country in the Plain of the Missouri. Lon., 1820, Svo.
" A work of tiction, descriptive of a Utopian state of society."
Ellis* The Clergyman's Assistant ; new ed., Oxf., 1S2S,
Svo. A useful work on the legal and ecclesiastical rights,
duties, and liabilities of the clergy.
Ellis, Dr. Summary of the Koman Law, takea from
Dr. Taylor's Elements of the Civil Law, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Ellis, Benjamin, M.D. The Medical Formulary.
Corrected and extended by S. G. Morton, M.D., Phila.,
1849, Svo ; 10th ed., revised and enlarged to 1854, by Ro-
bert P. Thomas. M.D., Prof, of Materia Medica in the Phil.
Coll. of Pharmacy, 1854, Svo.
"Particularly useful to students and young practitioners." —
Charleston JUrd. Jour, and Iici\
Ellis, Rev. Charles. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1703;
on Printing ; boy with letters in his eye. &c.
Ellis, Charles, 1. Pleadiuiis in Suits for Tithes in
Equity, Ac, Lon., 1821. Svo. 2. Law of Debtor and Credi-
tor, 1822, r. Svo. 3. Law of Fire and Life Insurance and
I Annuities, 1832, Svo; 2d ed.. 1846.
! Ellis, Charles Thomas. 1. Solicitor's Instructor
in Parliament, Lon., 1799. Svo. 2. Practical Remarks and
I Prac. of Proceed, iu Pari, on Private Bills, 1810, Svo;
App., 1811.
Ellis, Clement, 1630-1700, Preb. of Southwell, 1693.
Poem, Oxf., 165S. Poem, Lon., 1660, fol. He pub. a num-
ber of semis, and tbeolog. treati-scs, 1661-1700, and some
were pub. after his death. Discourse on the Parables, with
an Account of his Life and Writings, 1704, Svo. The Scrip-
ture Catechist, being a full Expl. of the Ch. Catechism,
1738, Svo.
" His writings in practical theology are distinguished for eminent
and fervent piety, soundness ofdoctrine. and a vigorous, unaffected,
manly style."' See Athen.Oxon.: Wordsworth's Kcclus. liiog. ; Chal-
mers's Biog. IMct.; }!ickersteth"8 C. S.
Ellis, Daniel. Inquiry into the Changes induced in
Atmospheric Air by the Germination of Seeds, the Vege-
tation of Plants, and the Respiration of Animals, Edin.,
1807, Svo. Further Inquiries, &c., 1811, Svo. This is a
valuable work upon a very important subject.
Ellis, Dom. SiTm..*Lou., 168.^, '86, 4to.
Ellis, Elis, or Elys, Edmund. Dia Poemata, Lon.,
1655, 12mo. Divine Poems, Oxon., 1658, Svo. Exclama-
tion agst. an Apology for Cowley's verses, Lon., 1670, 4to.
Omnis qui audiunt Evangelium, &c., 1677, Svo. For an
account of this divine and his numerous publications, see
Wood's Athen. Oxnu.
Ellis, Edward* A Sudden and Cloudy Messenger,
Lon., 1619, 4to.
Ellis, Gcorg:e, 1745-1815, w.ns a contributor to The
RoUiad. and tiic Probationary Odes, in which Mr. Pitt met
with no mercy. 1. IMemoir of a Map of the Countries be-
tween the Black Sea and the Caspian, Ac., Lon., 1788, 4to;
anon. 2. Fabliaux trans, from Lc Grand by G. L. Wav,
with Pref. Notes, and App. by G. Ellis, 1796-lSOO, 2 vols.
Svo. 3. Specimens of tije Early English Poets. 1790, Svo;
ISOl, '03, 3 vols. 8vo; 4th ed.."l811, 3 vols. Svo; 5th ed.,
1845, 3 vols. fp. Svo; 1851. This is a work of consider-
able value, and should be in all good libraries. It elicited
Southey's Specimens of the Later English Poets. See
Southey's Life and Correspondence. Ellis's Specimens of
the Early English Poets is noticed by an eminent critic, as
" In some respects a judicious and entt.Ttaiuing miscellany, ai^
ranged in chronological order: hut the mutilation of several of the
poems at the mercy of the editor, with only a general acknowledg-
ment in the preface, seems verv repieln-nsible," — Sir S. E. Brvdges:
Pref. to his ed. of Phillips's theat. P.et. Awjlic.
4. Specimens of Early English Romances in Metre. 1805,
3 vols. Svo; 2d ed.. 1811,3 vols. cr. Svo. New ed., revised
by J. 0. HalliwelU Esq., F.R.S., 1848, sm. Svo. An excel-
lent work. Sir Walter Scott addressed to Ellis the 5th
canto of Marmion.
ELL
" Qairgo Ellis wns tin- first converse!- 1 ever saw. His patience
anJ good breeainj; maJe lue often ashamed of myself, going off at
score upon some favourite topic.''— 5ir Walter Scott's Diary.
Ellis, Rev. George E., b. 1815, Boston. To this
"entlcman wo are indebted for three of the Lives in the
Second Series of Sparks's American Biography,— viz. : 1.
,lohn Mason, iii. 307 ; 2. Anne Hutchinson, vi. 107 ; 3.
William Ponn, xii. 193. Contrib. to the N. Amer. Rev.
Ellis, George James Welbore Agar, Baron
Dover, 1797-liS33, was in 1832 elected President of the
Royal Society of Literature. 1. The True History of the
State Prisoner, commonly called " The Iron Mask," ex-
tracted from Documents in the French Archives, Lon.,
1S26, 8vo. 2. Cat. of the Principal Pictures in Flanders
and Holland, 1822, '26, 8vo. Privately printed. 3. His-
torical Ini|Uirics respecting the Character of Edward Hyde,
Earl of Clarendon, 1827, cr. 8vo. 4. The Ellis Corre-
spondence, illustrative of the Revolution of 1688, 1828,
2 vols. Svo.
" This collection refers to times in the account of which the very
spirit of our history is concentrated. The more we have of such
works, the better will history be studied, the more perfectly will it
be known." — Lon. Month. Rev.
b. Life of Fred, the Second, K. of Prussia, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo.
'■ A most delightful and comprehensive work,— .judicious in se-
lection, intelligent in anangement, and graceful in style."- ion.
Lord Dover also edited the Letter.s of Horace W.alpolc
to Sir Horace Mann, and left in MSS., written for the in-
struction of his son, a vol. entitled Lives of the Most Eiiti-
nent Sovereigns of Modern Europe, the 4th ed. of which
was pub. in 1853, 12mo. Lord Dover was a contributor to
the Edinburgh and Lon. Quarterly Reviews and other
periodicals.
Ellis, George Viiier, of University Coll., London.
Demonstrations of Anatomy ; being a (juide to the Dissec-
tion of the Human Body, Lon., 1841, p. Svo ; 2d ed., 1848 ;
3d ed., 1852; 4th cd., 1S56, p. Svo.
'•We are convinced that it will quickly become the general text-
book of every working student in anatomy."— Srrt. and Fur. Med
Rti'.. ,Tan. 1S41.
Ellis, II. The Rhyme-Book. Lon., 1851, r. Svo. One
of tho many works elicited by the Great Exhibition in
London in 1S51.
Ellis, Henry", Governor of Georgia. A Voyage to
Hudson's Bay in 1746, '47, for discovering a N. West Pass-
age, Lon., 1848, Svo.
"Some important facts and remarks relating to Hudson's Bay
are given in this Voyage."— S(€reHS07i's Voyages and Travels.
Considerations, Ac. rel. to the N. West Passage, 1750, 4to.
Dr. Hale's Ventilators, Ac; Phil. Trans., 1751. Heat of
the Weather in Georgia; ib., 1758.
Ellis, Sir Henry, K.C.B., d. 1855. Journal of tho
Proceedings of the Late Emba,ssy [Lord Amherst's] to
China, Lon., 1817, 4to; 1818, 2 vols. Svo. An interest-
ing and valuable work. See Abel, Clark, M.D. ; Lon.
Gent. Mag.. Dec. 1855.
Ellis, Sir Henry, K.H., b. 1777, Principal Librarian
of tho Briti.sh Museum 1827-56, and Librarian since
1805. ]. Hist, and Antiq. of the Parish of St. Leonard
Shoreditch, and Liberty of Norton Falgatc, in the Suburbs
of London. Lon., 1798,' 4to. 2. Tho New Channel of Eng-
land and France, by Robert Fabian ; from Pynson's ed. of
1516, collated with subsequent eds., Ac. and including the
Different Continu.ations; with a Biographical Preface, ISll,
r. 4to. 3. The Channels of John Hardyng ; with a Con-
tinuation by Richard Grafton. To which are added a
Preface and" Introduction, 1812, 4to. 4. Brand's Popular
Antiquities, revised, with various Addits., 1813, 2 vols. 4to ;
new ed., 1842, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849, 3 vols. 12mo. An in-
teresting and valuable work, the foundation of which was
Henry Bourne's .\nli({nitates Vulgaros. first pub. 1725, Svo.
5. Original Letters illustrative of English History, from
Autographs in the British Museum and one or two oilier
collections, with Notes and Illustrations. 1st series, 1824,
3 vols. p. Svo; 2d series, 1827, 4 vols. p. 8vo ; 3d series,
1S46, 4 vols. p. Svo; new ed., 1848.
" We rise from the study of these very interesting volumes with
renewed gratitude to the learned editor." — Ixlin. Revievj.
"We have now but to say that we are delighted with these
volumes, and to recommend them .iltogether as deserving of the
utmost public favour — for entertaining narrative — for the correct-
ness of long-received historical theories; for the development of
£imous characters; for the discovery of new and important facts;
and, in short, for every thing that renders such a collection inte-
resting in a country that is keenly alive to the value of such re-
searches.''— Ij"n. Lit. Gaz.
To these vols, should bo added Letters of the Kings of
England, (Rich. I. to the end of Chas. I..) now first pub.,
with Notes, Ac, by J. 0. Halliwell, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo;
and Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Bri-
ELL
tain, now first pub., with Notes, Ac, by Mrs. Wood, 1846,
3 vols. p. Svo.
6. Elgin and Phigalean Marbles of the Classic Ages,
1S47, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Townley Gallery of Classic Sculp-
ture, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. To Sir Henry we are likewise
indebted for his labours in the preparation of the new edi-
tion of Dugdale's Mouasticon Anglicanum, and the History
of St. Paul's Cathedral, the compilation (in conjunction
with Mr. Babcr) of the Catalogue of the Printed Books in
the British Museum, and contributions to Dibdin's Biblio-
mania, the Archaeologia, and other valuable records of the
literature of tho past ages. See Nichols's Illust. Lit. Hist.,
viii.. Indexes, 1S5S ; Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1836, 275.
Ellis, Humphrey. Two Serms., "Lon., 1647, 4to.
Psevdo-Christus; or the impostures of Fornkelin, Ac,
1650, 4to.
Ellis, J. Abridgt. of Murray's Grammar, Lon.
Ellis, James. Law Suits relative to Property devoted
to Pious Uses in Rehoboth, Warren, 1795, 12mo.
Ellis, or Elis, John, Rector of St. Mary's, Dolgclly,
Merionethshire, d. 1665. Comment, in Obadiam, Lon., 1641,
Svo. Clavis Fidei, Oxon., 1642, '43, Svo. Articulorum
xxxix. Ecclesiaj Anglicana; defonsio, Amst., 1696, 12mo.
Ellis, John, Jr. Serm., Lon., 1643, 4to. Vindiciaj
Catholicw, 1647,4to. Infant Baptism, 1659, Svo. Retrac-
tions and Repentings, 1662.
Ellis, John. Collectors of Excise, 1736, Svo.
Ellis, John, D.D., Vicar of St. Catherine's, Dublin.
The Knowledge of Divine Things from Revelation, not
from Reason or Nature, Lon., 1743, Svo; 1747, '71; new
ed., 1811. Svo.
'■ A valuable Treatise, with much new and original thinking." —
Biclerstelh's r. S.
'■No divine (Uishop Butler, perhaps, only exceptedl appears to
have possessed greater maturity of thought, and a richer vein of
original conception." — Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
An Inquiry whence conieth Knowledge and Understand-
ing to Man, 1757, Svo. Appended to last ed. of above work.
To the Knowledge of Divine Things was subsequently
added Some Considerations upon Mr. Locke's Hypothesis,
That tho Knowledge of God is attainable by ideas of re-
flection.
Ellis, John, 1698-1791, a literary money-scrivener,
memorable as the subject of great partiality upon the part
of Dr. Johnson, Dr. King, and Lord Orrery, was fond of
translating L.atin into English verses, and perpetrating
poetical squibs and epigrams. The South Sea Dream; a
Poem in Hudibrastic Verso, 1720. A trans, from the Latin
of The Surprise; or, the Gentleman turned Apothecary,
Lon., 1739, 12mo. Written originally in French prose.
M.arston Moor; sive do obsidiiiuo pra;Uoque Eiioraconsi
Carmen, Lib. vi., 1750, 4to. His Travesty of Maphseus
appeared under the following title :
"The Canto added by Jlaphseus
To Virgil's twelve books of iTlneas;
From the orii;inal bombastic.
Done in English Hudibrastic,
M'ith notes beneath, and Latin text
In every other page annexed." — 1758.
Ellis always pub. anonymously. He contributed some
of the poems in Dodsley's collection.
" It is wonderful, sir. what is to be found in London. The most
literary conversation that I ever enjoyed was .it the table of .Jack
Ellis, a money-siriveuer. behind the Hoyal Exchange, with whom
at one period'l used to dfne generally once a week."— Br. Julinson's
remarlc to Bnsivell. , , ■ - j
" I visited him [Ellis] in his ninety-third year, .and found Ins judg-
ment distinct and clear, and his memory, though faded so as to fail
him occasionally, yet, as he assured me, and I indeed perceived,
able to serve him very well, after a little recollection."— Uoswell.
Ellis, John, b. about 1710, d. 1776, an eminent natu-
ralist. An Essay towards a Natural History of the Conal-
lines, Ac, Lon., 1755, 4to. Hist. Account of Coffee, 1774,
4to. Mongostan and Bread Fruit, 1775. 4to. Treatise on
Cattle, 1776, Svo. Nat. Hist, of Zoophytes, 17S6, 4to. For
other publications of Ellis, and his contributions to Phil.
Trans., 1752-76, see Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Ellis, Robert Leslie, in conjunction with James
Spedding and Douglas Denon Heath, commenced in 1855
tho preparation of a new and complete edition of tho Works
of Francis Bacon. The First Division— the Philosophical
Works- has been pub. in 5 largo Svo vols.; i.-iii., 1857;
iv., v., 1858, £4 lOs. See SPEiinisa, J.^mes.
Ellis, Philip. Serms. in tho " Catholick Sermons,"
2 vols. Svo.
Ellis, Sir Richard. See Ellvs.
Ellis, Robert. Laws of Customs, Lon., 1826, Svo.
Ellis, Mrs. Sarah SticUney, formerly Miss Stick-
ney, is one of the most voluminous and popular writers
of the day. Her Poetry of Life had given her considerable
ELL
ELL
celebrity before her marriage, in 1837, to the Rev. William '
KUis, the well-known and highly-respected missionary to
the South Sea Islands. The works of Mrs. KUis are so
numerous that we can promise, in the brief limits to which
we are confined, to give little more than the titles of her
excellent productions. 1. The Poetry of Life, 2 vols. p.
Svo. 2. Conversations on Human Nature, 12mo. 3. Home,
or, The Iron Rule, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. Women of England,
1838, p. Svo; 1846. 5. Sons of the Soil; a Poem, 2d ed.,
1S40, p. Svo. 6. The Daughters of England, 1842, p. Svo;
1846. 7. The Wives of England, 1843, p. Svo; 1846.
8. The Mothers of England, 1843, cr. Svo; 1848. 9. Fa-
mily Secrets, 1S41-43, 3 vols. Svo; 1846. 10. Summer
and Winter in the Pyrenees, 1841, p. Svo: 1S47. 11. Voice
from the Vintage, 1843. fp. Svo. 12. Pictures of Private
Life, 1844, 3 vols. fp. Svo. 13. Young Ladies* Reader,
1S45. fp. Svo. 14. Look to the End, or the Bennetts Abroad,
1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 15. The Island Queen ; a Poem, 1846,
p. Svo. 16. Temper and Temperament, 1846, 2 vols. Svo.
17. Prevention better than Cure, 1847, p. Svo; 184S.
18. Rawdou House; Hints on Formation of Character,
1848, p. Svo. 19. Fireside Tales. New ed., 1848, '49, 4
vols. p. Svo. 20. Social Distinction; or. Hearts and Homes,
184S, '49, 3 vols. Svo. 21. My Brother; or. The Man of
Many Friends. New ed. of Mrs. Ellis's Works, 1853, &,c.
With the many well-deserved encomiums before us upon
Mrs. Ellis's instructive volumes, we cannot but regret that
we can find room for only a few.
Notice of The Wives of England:
"It is a couifoit to think that in all things we are not retrograd-
ing. The talents which made Hannah More and Madame DAiblay
the iduls of the literary world in their generation, would now se-
cure them liut a slender share of homage. The cultivation of the
female mind has certainly advanced ; and we greatly doubt if any
woman of the last century could have written The M'ives of Eng-
land."— BrilL'^fi Magazine.
Notice of The Daughters of England:
" An admirable work, full of truthful eloquence, that does Mrs.
Ellis iutiiiite honour, and will be productive of great eventual
gctod. Education, taste, beauty, fashion, and the affections, form
themes on which Mrs. Ellis enlarges with great earnestness." —
Court Journal.
Notices of The Women of England:
''■\Ve know no volume better calculated to exercise a powerful,
lasting, and beneficial intluence. If we could have our own way,
every liimily should oideracopy of The Women of England. Has-
Jxmds, especialli/ ynung Husbands, should buy it for their Wives;
Fhthiirs, f'JT their Daughters; Brothers, for their Sisters.''^ — Lon.
Mdhodisi Mag.
" At a time when women are becoming anxious to shine in other
spheres than tliat humble but holiest of all — home, to inculcate
the truth that the paramount and peculiar duties of woman con-
sist in ministering to the wants, comforts, and happiness of her
fellow-creatures, especially those of her own family circle, is a salu-
tary task; this Mrs, Ellis has accomplished in a way to bring con-
viction to the minds of mothers and daughters — the teachers and
the taught." — i«m. Spectator.
Notices of The Mothers of England:
"This is an appropriate and very valuable conclusion to the
series of works on the subject of female duties by which 5Irs. Ellis
has pleased, and we doubt not protited, thousands of readers. Her
counsels command attention, not only by their practical sagacious
usefulness, but also by the meek and modest spirit in which they
are communicated.
Notice of Pretension; series 3d of Pictures of Private
Life:
" The aim of the writer is evidently to instruct as well as amuse,
by offering these admirable sketches as beacons to warn the young,
especially of her own sex, against the errors which have shipwrecked
the happiness of so many." — Lon. Gentleman's Magazine.
Notice of Look to the End:
"In the present work her lessons are more descriptive and va-
rious, and consequently it possesses more elements for popularity
than its predecessors, popular as they have been and are.'' — Lon.
Literary Qazdtf.
What higher praise could any author covet than the fol-
lowing commendations from eminent authorities?
"We can conscientiously aver, that no woiks within our know-
ledge are equally calculated to interest by their cheerful, pleasant
composition, and to instruct by their sagacious, honest counsels,
those for whom they are designed. To ' write no line which dying
one would wish to blot,' when addres.sing one's self to subjects so
full of all that is delicate in human motives and all that is pnwer^
ful in human intluence, is a display of honesty and coura;re, as
well as wisdom and morality, which should be appieciated and
honoured: this is what Mrs. Ellis has done."— inn. jyc^ciic ii'crieu'.
" Mra. Ellis has always one end in view — the moral improvement
and edification of her fellow-creatures; more particularly of her
own sex." — Lon. Literary Gazi.ttc.
£IUs, T.F.,and Adolphus, J. S. Reports of Cases
in C(. of King's Bench. See li.vit.VKWALi., H. V.
£llis, Thomas. A true Report of Mr. Martin Fro-
bisher's 3d and last Voyage; by T. E., a sailor, and one
of the company, Lon., 1578, 4to.
£llis, TIkomas. Traytors Unvailed, lfi61, 4to.
KUis, Thomas. Gardener's P. Calendar, Lon., 1776,
554
Ellis, W. Voyage of Cook and Clarke, 1776-80, with
their discoveries, and death of Cook, Lon., 17S2, 2 vols. Svo.
Ellis, Wm. 1. Practical Farmer, Lon., 1732, Svo. 2.
Chiltern and Vale Farming Explained, 1733, Svo. 3. New
E.xperiments in Husbandry, 1736, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Timber
Tree Improved, 1738, Svo. 5. Modern Husbandman,
1744, Svo. 6. Country Housewife's Family Companion,
1750, Svo. 7. Complete Planter and Cyderist, 1757, Svo.
S. A Complete System of Experienced Improvements made
on sheep, grass lambs, and house lambs, *tc. This title
we take from Donaldson. He discovered the book in the
library of Geo. IV., Brit. Museum, 9. Ellis's Husbandry
abridged and methodized, 1772, 2 vols. Svo ; A sort of com-
pound of the whole of Ellis's works on Agriculture. See
a critical review of Ellis's works in Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog.
"■ Ellis was not the author of any originality on the subject of
agriculture, nor did he write any conception that merited that
appellation. But he was a large promoter of the art both by pre-
cept and example, and consequently occupies a niche of no low
standing in the temple of agricultural tame." — Uhi supra.
Ellis, Wm. Every Man his own Farrier, Lon., 1759,
Svo.
Ellis, Wm. Cure of the V. Disease, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Ellis, Wm. CoUec. of English Exercises, Lon., 17S2.
Ellis, Wm. A Treatise (jn Government, trans, from
the Greek of Aristotle, Lon., 1779, 4to.
Ellis, Wm. Campagna of London, with Hist, and
Topog. of the Parishes, and Biog. anecdotes, Lon., 1791-
93. 4to.
Ellis, William, b. 1800. in the vicinity of London,
an emiuent writer un social science. 1. Outlines of Social
Econom3\ 2. Introduction to the Study of the Social
Sciences. 3. Outlines of the History and Formation of the
Understanding. 4. Questions and Answers Suggested by
a Consideration of Some of the Arrangements of Social
Life. 5. Progressive Lessons in Social Science. 6. Phe-
nomena of Industrial Life ; edited by the Dean of Here-
ford. 7. Education as a Means of Preventing Destitu-
tion, 1851, p. Svo. For an interesting sketch of Mr. Ellis's
labours in the cause of social science, see Knight's Eng.
Cyc.
Ellis, Rev. Wm., an eminent missionary to the South
Sea Islands, and the husband of Mrs. Sarah Stickney
Ellis, {v. ante.) 1. Missionary Narrative of a Tour through
Hawaii or Owhyhee, Lon., 1826, Svo.; 4th ed. 1S27, Svo.
•'Mr. Kllis has given us a plain, intelligent, and uncommonly
interesting detail. He describes well, because distinctly and un-
affectedly. We cannot recollect that we have been more entirely
rivettedby the perusal of a book of Travels since we read Dr.
llendersoii's Iceland." — Lon. Eclectic Review.
2. Polynesian Kesearches, 1829, 2 vols. Svo.j last ed.,
1853, 4 vols. 12mo.
" A more interesting book than this, in all its parts, we have
never perused, and seldom so immethodical a one." — Robert
SoUTHEV, in Lon. Quar. Eev. sliii. 1, 1830. Head this interesting
review.
"The simplicity of the narrative. — the graphic beauty of many
of the descriptions, — and the moral grandeur of the whole subject
of these volumes, are calculated to produce the most powerful and
salutary impression on every religious and cultivated mind." —
Orme's Discourse on tlie SmUh Sea Mission.
3. A Vindication of tlio South Sea Missions from the
Misrepresentations of Otto Von Kotzebue, with an Appen-
dix by Wm. Ellis, 1831, Svo. 4. Histmy of Madagascar,
1S3S, 2 vols. Svo.
" Here is a work as copious, as comprehensive, as minute, and.
as far as we can judge, as accurate, as it would be possible to pro-
duce."— Lon. Eclrctic lieview.
5. History of the London Missionary Society, vol. i., 1844,
Svo. 6. Village Lectures on Popery, 1851, fp. Svo.
''Remarkable for their simple and explanatory character. . .
We cominenil them to readers of every grade."— Lon. Eclec. Rev.
To Mr. Ellis we are also indebted for an improved ed.
of Stewart's Visit to the South Seas, and for an Intro-
ductory Essay on the Policy, Religion, &.c. of China, pre-
fixed to Gutzlafl""s Journal of Three Voyages along the
Coast of China, ;id ed., 1839, p. Svo.
Ellis, Sir Wm, C, M.D., Resident Medical Superin-
, tcndent, and formerly of the Asylum at Wakefield. Lot-
; ter to T. Thompson, M.P., on the necessity for Insane
Asylums, Lon., 1815, Svo. A Treatise on the Nature,
Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity, with Practi-
cal Observations on Lunatic Asylums, and a descrip. of
the Hanwell Asylum, Lon., 1838, Svo.
"The present volume, coming from the pen of one whose repu-
tation in this department stands so high, will most piobably be
sought for with avidity. It abounds in a great variety of valu-
able information, with" many particulars of great importance to
the treatment of insanity, and to the interests of society. We ac-
cordingly recommend it to public attention." — Loii. Athe.no'UDi.
*' In this unpretending volume will be found a vast deal of
ELL
hiiclily important and useful practical iufurmatiou." — Lm. J/c(i.
C/7tr.'jlev.,Jub/. 1838.
Ellison, Cuthbert. Serm., 1748, 8vo.
Ellison, John. Scrm., Newc, 1750, 4to.
Ellison, Nath., D.D., Archdeacon of Stafford. Serm.,
1699, 4to; 1700, Rvo ; 1710.
Ellison, Nath., Vicar of Bolam. Serm., 1792, 4to.
Ellison, R. Serm., 1811.
Ellison, Seacome. 1. Prison Scenes, Lon., 1838,
p. 8vo. 2. Baptism, 1835, 8vo; 2d ed., 1846. 3. The
Millennium, 1850, 12mo.
Elliston, Robert Wra., 1771-I8.''.l. a celehrated
English actor. The Venetian Outlaw, a Drama adapted
to the English Stage, 1805, Svo. See Raymond's Memoirs
of R. W. Elliston, by G. Raymond, Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo.
" Maguifict-nt were thy capriccios on this globe of earth, Robert
■William Klliston!"— Ouaeles Lamd.
Ellowis, or Elwes, Sir Gervase. His Speech and
Repentance at his Execution, Lon., 1615, 4to.
Ellsworth, Erastus VV., b. 1823, Conn. Poems,
Hartford, M<ab.
"We have rarely met so unequal a collection of poems: none,
indeed, rising to the highest rank, and many sinking quite below
notice." — Piitnmn's -V. ynr!^ M'g.
Ellsworth, Henry Wm. 1. Report on Agriculture,
N. York. 2. Sketches of the Upper Wabash Valley, 1838,
12mo. 3. American Swine Breeder, 1844, 12mo.
Ellsworth. Oliver, LL.D., Chief Justice of the U.
States, 1745-18(17, was a native of Windsor, Coun. Speech
in the Convention of Connecticut in favour of the Consti-
tution, pub. in the American Mu'Jeura.
Ellwood, Thomas, 1639-1713, the friend of Milton,
and a zealous Quaker, was a n.ative of O.xfordshire. 1. For-
gery no Christianity, 1674, 12mo. 2. The Foundation of
Tithes Shaken, 1682; 1720, Svo. 3. Wickh.am, 1690, 4to.
4. Sacred History; historical part of the Old and New
Test, digested, Ac., 1705-09 ; 1794. 2 vols. fol. 5. Davideis,
a Sacred Poem, 1712. 12mo. 6. His Autobiography, with
a Supp. by J. W., 1714, 8vo; 1791, 12mo. As reader to
Milton, Ellwood enjoyed rare opportunities of conversing
with the great b,ard. After perusing the MS. of Paradise
Lost, he returned it to the author with the remark:
"Thou hast said much here of Paradise Lost, but what hast
thou to sav to Paradise found?"
To this timely hint the world is indebted for Paradise
Regained. An interesting review, with en]iious extracts,
of EUwood's Autobiography, will be found in the London
Retrospec. Rev., .xiii. 109. Ellwood was a man of the
most exemplary character.
Ellyot, George. A verie true Report of the Appre-
hension and taking of that Arche Papiste Edmond Cam-
pion, Lon., 1581, Svo.
Ellys, Anthony, 1693-1761, Preb.of Gloucester, 1725;
Bishop of St. David's, 1752. Plea for the Sacramental
Test, Lon., 1736, 4to; 1790, Svo. Serms. pub. separately, '
1749, '54, '58, '59, '67. Remarks on David Hume's Essay
on Miracles, 1752, 4to. Tracts on the Spiritual and Tem-
poral Liberty of the subjects in England, 1763-65, 4to;
new ed., 1767. 4to.
Ellys, or Ellis, Sir Richard, d. 1742, M.P.,1715-34,
grandson of Hampden, was eminent for his knowledge of
Hebrew, Greek, and Biblical antiquities. Fortuila Sacra,
quibus subjicitur commeutarius de Cymbalis; Rotterd.,
1727, Svo, anon.
" It cont-iins illustrations of twenty-four pass.ages of Scripture,
which incident.ally occurred to the author, and which discover
very considerable critical talents and great .acquaintance with the
languages of the Bible." — Orme's BilA. Bilt.
Ellys, Tobias. TheKingdomof God, Lon. ,1678, Svo.
Ellyson, Thomas. The Shepherd's Letters, Lon.,
1646. 4to.
Elmer, J. Weights and Measures. Lon., 1759.
Elmer, Joseph. PracticeinLunacy. Lon., 1844, 12mo.
Elmer, L. Q. C. A Digest of the Laws of New Jer-
sey, Bridgeton. ls:!S. Svo.
Elmes, James, Architect, b. 1782. 1. New Churches,
1818, Svo. 2. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Chris-
topher Wren, Lon., 1 823, 4to. 3. Improvements of Prisons.
4. Lectures on Architecture, 1823, Svo. 5. School of the
Fine Arts, 1825, 3 vols. Svo. 6. Genl. and Bibliog. Diet,
of the Fine Arts, 1826, Svo. 8. Ecclesiastical and Civil
Dilapidations, Ac, 3d ed., 1829, Svo. 7. Architectural
Juri.-prudence, 1827, Svo.
Elmham, Thomas de. VitaetGestaHenrieiQuinti
Anglorum Regis; cum Prefatione et Notis Th. Hearne,
Oxon.. 1727, Svo.
Elmore, H. M. Brit. Mariner's Directory and Guide
to the Indian and China Seas, Lon., 1802, 4to.
Elmsley, Peter, D.D., 1773-1825, educated at West-
ELP
minster and Merton Coll., Oxf. : Principal of Alban Hall
and Camden; Professor of History, 1823. Elmsley was
one of the first Greek scholars of his time. 1. Articles in
the Edinburgh Review, viz.: No. 4, On Heyne's Homer;
No. 5, On Schweigh.auser's Athenaius; No. 35, On Blom-
field's Prometheus ; No. 37, On Porson's Hecuba. 2. Ar-
ticle in tho 38th No. of the Quarterly Review, on Lord
Clarendon's Religion and Policy. 3. The .\charnenscs,
1S09. 4. (Edipus Tyrannu.s, 1811. 5. HeraclidoB, 1815.
6. Medea, 1818. 7. BaochsB, 1821. 8. CEdipus Coloneus,
1823.
■• Tbeso publications est.ablished his fame throughout Europe as
a judicious critic and cousummate master of the Greek language."
— :^ee Obituary Xotice in Lon. Uent. Mag., .\pril. 1825.
Robert Southey was warmly attached to Dr. Elmsley,
and had a high opinion of his attainments:
" The Edinburgh lleviewers I like well .is companions, and think
little of as any thing else. Elmsley has more knowledge and a
sounder mind' than anv or all of them. I could learn more from
him in a day than the.y could all teach me in a year. . . . Elms-
ley. I .am sorry to say. is tatter than ever he was: he is one of my
most intimate and valuable friends. ... Do you remember Elms-
ley at Oxford— the fattest under-graduate in your time and mine!
He is at Naples, superintending the unrolling the Uerculaneum
mauuscripts, by Davy's process, at the expense of the Prince lie-
gent— I should say of George IV. The intention is, that Elmsley
shall ascertain, as soon as a beginning is made of one of the rolls,
whether it shall be proceeded wither laid aside, in hope of finding
something better, till the whole have been inspected." See Sou-
they's Life and C*rre>,pondence.
Elphinston, Lord Balmerino. His Speech in Ct.
of Piirl., Swtland, rel. to army .ag. Irish Papists, 1641.
Elphinston,James,1721-1809,anativeof Edinburgh,
was for many years the bead of a celebrated school at Ken-
sington, near London. Dr. Johnson esteemed him highly,
and during his residence at Edinburgh he superintended
an edit, of "The Rambler, pub. in 8 v(ds. 12mo. 1. A Poet.
Version of Racine's Redemption, 1753. 2. Fr. and Eng.
Languages, 1756, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Education ; a Poem,
1763. Svo. 4. Apology for the Monthly Review, 1763, Svo.
5. Collec. of Poems for Youth, Ac, 1761, Svo. 6. Eng.
Langu:ige. 1705, 2 vols. 12mo. Abridged, 1765, Svo.
7. Verses, 1768. fol. 8. Poetffi .Sententiosi, Latini, Ac,
1794, 12mo. Elphinston was a zealous advocate of a change
in orthography, which he contended should be guided by
the pronunciation, Ac. He had already given some speci-
mens of his "improvements," but in a (9) trans, of Mar-
tial, 1782, 4to, he carried the system out to a greater extent :
" Elphinston's Martial isjustcometohand. Itistrulyan unique.
The specimens formerly publi-sbed did very well to laugh at; but
a whole quarto of nonsense and gibberish is too much. It is
strange that a man not wholly illiterate should have lived so long
in England, without learning the language."— I>r. Beatlie to Sir
Wi}i. Fi/rbes.
Nothing dismayed by public ingratitude, in 1786, 2 vols.
Svo, Elphinston gave to the world an explanation of his
system, under the title of (10) Propriety ascertained in her
Picture This he followed by (11) English Orthography
Epitomized, (12) Proprietie's Pocket Dictionary, and (13)
Fifty Y'ears' Correspondence, Inglish, French, and Lattin,
in Prozo and Verse, between Geniusses ov boath Se.xes,
and James Elphinston. 1794, 8 vols. 12mo. An interest-
ing memoir of this worthy man will be found in Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, from the pen of one already honour-
ably noticed in these pages. Mr. Nichols tells us —
" My .account of this singular but truly worthy man shall he
abridged fiom a memoir of him. which was presented to me in
isot) by 11. C. Dallas, Esq., one of his grateful pupils."— iit. Ajiec,
iii. M.
" From Mr. Dallas's situation as a pupil of Mr. Elphinston s, he
had the honour of being pi-esented to Dr. .Tortin. Dr. Franklin, of
I'hiladelphia, and Dr. Johnson ; a triumvirate not easily matched. '
— Uld supra.
See also Forhes's Life of Beattie, and Boswell's Life of
Dr. Johnson.
Elphinston, James. Animadversions upon Ele-
ments of Criticism; with an App. on Scotticisms, Lou.,
1771. 8vo.
Elphinston, Wm., b. 1431 or 1437, d. 1514, Bishop
of Ross, trans, to Aberdeen. 1484, wrote a book of canons,
some lives of Scotch saints, and the history of Scotland
from the rise of the nation to his own time. The last is
now in the Fairfax JISS. in the Bodleian Library.
Elphiustone,Hon.Mountstuart. 1. An Account
of the Kingdom of Cabul, and its dependencies in Tartary,
Persia, and India, Lon., 181.5, 4to; 2d ed., 1S39, 2 vols.
Svo; 3d ed., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
" The interest and value of this work arises more from the sul)-
ject of it. than from the manner in which ii is executed: respect-
ing such countries, however, as Cabul, and others as little known
and remote, we are glad of all accessions of information." — Steverv-
son's Voyages and Travels.
" There are not many regions of the Globe of which the history
655
ELR
nnd "eography are less known than those of the country which is
t lie subject of Mr. Klphinstone's important and distinguished
worll." — Ediii. Revietv.
■' The Hon. Mr. Klphinstone's Cabul is a worl( which places its
author in the first rank of historians and travellers in the East.
. . Most earnestly do I recommend the hook of Mr. Klphinstone
to every libi-ary of any pretension to a Collection of Voyages and
Travels." — DiUlin's Library Compitnion.
"This work, of much interest on many accounts, contains the
description of a systematized patriarchal system, which, in history
at least, is carried out by division and subdivision, from the king,
throu"h a variety of larger and lesser divisions, tribes, and clans,
to the last head of a single family, such as probably e.xists nowhere
else."— iiVtcr's Essays on Property and Labour.
2. A History of India: the Hindoo and Mohammedan
Periods, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; 2ded., 1S43; 3d ed., 1848, 8vo
"Mr. Elphinstone's work will, we trust, be eminently usetui,
and tend to dispel much of that confusion, prejudice, and apathy,
which still linger in the minds even of many highly-educated per-
sons on the subject of .\ncient India."— imi. Quar. hcvim.
"A work of the greatest authority and learning; one of the
latest and most valuable works on the Eastern Empire. — 37i« late
Sir EM. Peel, in the House of Commons.
EIrington, John Battersby. Confessions in Ely-
sium- from the German of Wieland, 1803, 3 vcds.
EIrington, Thomas, D.I)., d. 1835, a native of Ire-
land obtained a scholarsTiip in the University of Dublin,
1778; elected Fellow, 17S1 ; first Donellan Lecturer, 1794;
Profess, of Mathemat., 1795; Rector of Ardtree, Tyrone,
1806; Provost of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1811; Bishop of
Limerick, 1820; trans, to Loighlin nnd Ferns, 1822.
Perms, at the Donellan Lecture, &a., Dubl., 179fi, 8vo.
Ucflec. rel. to Dr. Milner, 1S09, 8vo. The Validity of
English Ordination Established, 1809, 8vo. An edit, of
Euclid, witb Notes, (new ed., 1847, fp. 8vo,) now tbo text-
book in the Dublin University, and an edit, of Juvenal,
with Notes, critical and explanatory.
Elsam, Kichard. Rural Architecture, 1803, 4to.
Desi"ns for Peasant's Cottages, ISlfi, r. 4to.
Elsdale, Rev. Samuel. Death, ,Iudgnient, Heaven,
and Hell, a Poem; with Hymns and other Poems, 1812,
Bvo; 3ded., 1813.
Else, Miss Anne. Lays of Carutb and other Poejns.
Else, Joseph, Surgeon. Hydrocele, &c.. Lon., 1770,
Svo. Con. toMed. Obs.andlnq.,1767. Works, with App.
by O. Vaux, 1782, Svo.
Else, R. Income Act explained, 1804.
Elsley, Rev. J., Vicar of Burenston, near Bedale.
Annotations on the Four Gospels, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. Svo;
2d ed., with Annotations on the Acts, 1812, 3 vols. Svo;
3d od 1821, 3 vols. Svo; 1824, 3 vols. Svo; 6th ed., 1827,
3vols''8vo; 7th ed., 1838, 2 vols. Svo; Sth ed., 1841, 2 vols.
Svo; 1844; 9th ed., 1844, Svo. This excellent work was
pull.' imonymously. It is commended by Bishops Lloyd,
Van Mildert, Summer, and others.
•• As a compilation, it is a very respectable work, and fitted to be
useful to the junior students of the New Testament or those who
cannot purchase many critical books."— Ornif s BM. JJib.
*' Elsley is a convenient compendium fur students. — Hicker-
' '" Altogether we say without the smallest reserve, we never saw
a book uTore admirably adapted for the use of students, more credit-
able to an author's sa'iacitv. diligence, and erudition, or more
likely to make the investigation of the xNew Testament easy and
agreealjle."— /iri(i.i/i Critic.
In 1816, 2 vols. Svo, the Rev. James Halle pub. Annota-
tions on the Epistles, being a Continuation of Mr. Elsley's
Annot. on the Gospel and Acts.
Elsly, Wm., Prob. of York. Serm.. 1732.
Elslyot, Thomas. The Lamb taking the Wolf, Lon.,
1652, Svo. The True Mariner and his Pixis Naulica, 1662,
Elsmerc, Sloane, D.D., Rector of Chelsea. Serms.,
Lon., 1767, 2 vols. Svo. Recommended by the Rev. Samuel
Elson, Jane. Romance of the Castle, 1799, 2 vols.
12ino. The Village Romance; a Novel, 1802, 2 vols.
"Elstob. Trip to Kilkenny. Lon., 1778, 12mo.
Eistob, Elizabeth, sister of Win. Elstob. 1CS3-1756,
was celebrated for her knowledge of the Saxon tongue.
1 An English Saxon Homily on St. George's Day, with a
modern En^'lish version and Notes, and an Appendix. The
same Homily in Latin by Wm. Elstob, Lon., 1709, Svo.
Newed.,(partof thePrefaceomitted,)1839,8vo. 2. Trans,
of Madame Scudcry's Essay on Glory. 3. The Rudiments
of Grammar for tiie English Saxon Tongue, 1715, 4to.
4 Saxon Homilies, Oxf , fob Those were designed as a
specimen of a Saxon Homilariuiu, willi an English trans.,
notes, Ac. Some testimonies of a number of learned men
in favour of this project were pub. by Bowyer m 1713.
See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Biog. Brit,; and Harleian
MSS. Mrs. Elstob was an excellent linguist.
S56
ELT
Elstob, Wm., 1673-1714, a native of Newcastle, edu-
cated at Eton, and Catharine Hall, Camb., and subsequently
at Queen's Cid!., Oxf.; Fellow of University Coll., 1696;
Rector of St, Swithin.and St, Mary Bothaw, London, 1702.
Mr Elstob, like his sister Elizabeth, was deeply versed in
S't.-ion learning. 1. A trans, into Latin of the Saxon
Homily of Lupus, with Notes by Dr. IHckcs, 1701. 2. Trans,
into English of Sir John Cheke's Latin version of Plutarch,
printed at the end of Strypo's Life of Chcke. 3. An edit,
of Ascham's Latin Letters, Oxf., 1703. 4. An Essay on
the great Affinity .and mutual Agreement between the two
professions of Law and Divinity, with a Preface by Dr.
Hickes, Lon., Svo. 6. Serm., 1704, 4to. 6. Serm., 1704,
4to. 7. Homily of St. Gregory's Day, 1709, Svo. Saxon
Laws, with great additions, and a new Latin version by
Somner, 4c., begun by Elstob, and completed by David
Wilkins, D.D., 1721, fol. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes
and Biog. Brit.
Elstob, Wm., Rector of Sheldon. Serm., 1811, 4to.
Elstobb, W. 1. Navigation between Clayhithe and
Denver Sluice, Camb., 1779, 4to. 2. Hist, account of Bed-
ford Level, Ac, Lynn, 1793, Svo. 3. On Rivers.
Elston, J. Serm., 1681, 4to.
Elstrack, R. 28 Portraits of the Kings and Queens
of England. Reprinted in Martin's Chrou., 1631, fob, Ac.
See Bromley's Engraved British Portraits, 1793, 4to.
Elsnm, John. 1. Epigram upon the Paintin.gs of
Eminent Masters by J. E., Lon., 1700, Svo. Erroneously
attributed to John Evelyn. 2. Art of Painting after the
Italian Manner, 1704, Svo.
Elsynge, Henry, 1598-1654, Clerk of the House of
Commons. 1. State of the Kingdom; probably not his.
2 Passing Bills in Parliament, 1656, Svo. 3. The ancient
Manner and Method of holding Parliaments in England,
Lon., 1660, '03, '79, Svo. Best ed., with addits. from the
author's MS., 1767, 12mo. 4. Several Treatises of Parlia-
ment, 1703, 12mo.
" Mr Henry Elsynge, late clerk of the Parliament, was, in my
judgment, the best I ever knew to take the sense of the House
and put it in apt terms. He was an excellent scholar-had the
Italian, French, and Latin languages-a very honest and ingonious
man, and fitter for a much better employment than to be clerk ol
Parliiiment. . . . He was in great and deserved favour of the House
of Commons, and gave over bis place because he won d not meddle
in the trial about the king. Ho often invited >Ir belden and me
together to his house and to dinners, where we had great cheer
and greater learning in excellent discourse, whereof himself bore
a chief part. I was the more frequent with him, being godfather
to one of his sons, and Mr. Selden the other god-father, which
brought us two the oftener together to see our godson; and even
in these I gained very much of knowledge from the most learned
and rational discourses of Mr. Selden."— Whitelocki:; Journal of
the Swedish Eiuhussy. 1772, 2 vols. 4to, vol. u, p. 4-.b.
Elton, Rev. Sir Abraham. Letter to Thomas Bere,
occasioned by his attack on Mrs. Hannah More, Lon.,
Eltoni Charles Abraham. 1. Poems, 1804, Svo.
2. Trans, into English Verse of the Remains of Hesiod,
"Upon the whole, we are disposed to give Mr. Elton credit for
con«iderable skill in versification. Indeed, though his translation
is close, sometimes too close for perspicuity, it seems at least equal
to the original. His blank verse, in which he excels more than m
the couplet, is of a good structure; bearing a general, but not ser-
vile resemblance to .Milton, with a little cast of some of the daring
expietives of Cowper."— £J"i. Kei:. xv. 109-118.
3 Tales of Romance, with other Poems, Lon., 1810, Svo.
4 Specimens of the Classic Poets in Chronological Series
from Homer to Trypliiodorus. Trans, into English verse,
and illustrated with Biog. and Crit. Notices, 1814, 3 vols.
Svo. This valuable work contains passages from 33 Greek
and 27 Latin poets. A beautiful edit, was pub. in Phila-
ilelpbiii by F. Bell, 1854, 3 vols. Svo. . ,,. ^
His success is very unequal : many specimens &Te,jn^blgti
degree, brilliant and spirited, while others are cold stiff, and lag-
Eing In general, we like him better in rhyme than in blank
verse thou-h the arguments in behalf of the latter measure in
his Preface may show that he is of a diHeTent "'Pmion. . ■ ■ Bpon
the whole, these specimens do considerable credit tn Mr. Klton s
fluency in speaking the language of poetry."— io«. Quar. Jtemew,
Elton, Edward, Minister of St. Mary Magdalen's,
Bermondsoy. 1. Exposition of the Epistle to the Colos-
sians, in sundry Serms.. Lon.. 1615.4to ; 2d ed., 1620, 37,fol.
•■ Both these Expositions [Byfleld's and Elton'sJ have much
spiritual instruction."— BMcrslctt'.'i C. &
2. Expos, of the 7th Chap, of the Romans, in divers
Serms., 1618, 4to. . , ,,; r i
"An excellent Puritan Exposition."— B.c;.frsjc(7. s C. *.
"Ellon on Colossians is a work rich m matter, dressed In the
plain and somewhat anP^PUbirlanguageof its day ..^Ihe work
on Koinans is nearly on the same plan andof Bimilar character. -
Wdiiams's C. P.
e£t'
£ME
3. Expos, offiof theCnnimantlnicnts, 1619. Svn. l.Expo?.
of, or Serms. ou, the 8th chap, of Romans, 1023, 4to. Othor
works.
Elton, Richard, Lt. Col. Completo Body of the
Military Art and (iunnery. Lon., 1650, '58, fol.
Elton, Romeo, D.D., a native of Connecticut, grad.
at Brown Univer-sity, 1S12 ; Prof of Ancient Languages in
same Institution from 1S25 to '43. and has since resided in
England. Besides several published sermons, ho edited
Callender's Century Sermon, with copious Notes and Bio-
pcraphical Sketches ; The Works of President Maxcy, with
Memoir. N.Y.. 1841, Svo ; Biographical Sketch of "Roger
Williams, pub. in Lr>n.
Eltringhain, Wni. 1. The Baptist against the
B,aptist. I. on., 1756, Svo. 2. Remarks on The Baptists'
Vindic. 1767, Svo.
Elven, J. P. Heraldry, Lon., 1815. 12mo.
Elviden, Edmnnd. The Closet of Counsells, con-
teining the aduice of dyuers wyse Philosophers, Lon.,
1569, Svo.
Elwell, Wm. Odcll. New and Complete American
Dictionary of Eng. and German, N. York, 12mo. Highly
commended by competent authorities.
Elwes, Robert, A Sketcher's Tour round the World,
with 21 Illustrations, Lon., 1854, r. Svo.
" Pieasanter reading, we repeat, need not be offered than our
Sketcher brings." — L<m. Athcnfvum.
Elwin, Fountain, Vicar of Temple, Bristol, and one
of the ministers of the Octagon. Serms. prcaclied at the
Octagon Chapel, Batli, Lou., 1st scries, 1842, 12mo: 2d
series, 1849, 12mo. Other theolog. works.
Ellivood, Mrs. (A. K.) Col. 1. Narrative of a Jour-
ney Overland from England to India, &e., 1S25-2S, Lon.,
1 830, 2 vol.s. Svo. 2. Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of
England from the Commencement of the Last Century,
1S42. 2 vols. p. Svo; 1848.
" A work of great merit. The first biognaphy is that of Lady
Mary Wortley Jlont.igu; the last that of Mrs. JIaoIean. better
known as Miss Landun: it thus comprises our blue Stockings
from the commencement of the last century down to the present.
Each biof^raphy is marked by good taste and excellent judgment."
. — Jnfni Bull.
Elworthy, John. Serm., Lon.. 1753, Svo.
Ely, Ezra Styles, D.D., of Pliiladclphia. assistant
editor, in conjunction with Wm. McCorkle .and the Rev.
Gregory T. Bedell, of a Collateral Bil>le, or Key to the
Holy Scriptures, Phila., 1826-28, 3 vols. 4to.
" These volumes comprise the Old Testament. The correspond-
ing texts are brought together in one view, and arranged in a
familiar and easy manner." — Lowndes's Brit. Librarian.
Memoirs of his Father, the Rev. Zel)ulon Ely. Mental
Science. Visits of Mercy. Sermons on Faith.
Ely, Henry, D.D. Fast Serm., Lon., 1S04.
Ely, Humphrey. Certainebriofo Notes upon a briefe
Apology set out under the name of the Priests united to
the Arch. Priest, 1603, Svo. Written against Father Par-
sons, or Persons, and often quoted l)y Wood.
Ely, John, a Dissenting minister at Rochdale. Win-
ter Lectures ; illus. of Divine Dispensation, Lon., 1833, Svo.
" This volume is distinguished by a character of deep and patient
research, and by an extraordinary force, both of sentiment and
style." — Lim. Evangel. Mag.
Other works. Sec his Posthumous Works, with a Me-
moir, by Hamilton, 1S4S, Svo.
Ely, Zebulon, minister of Lebanon, Conn., d. about
1824. Serm. at the Election, 1804; on tho death of Gov.
Trumbull, 1809; before the County Foreign Mission So-
ciety, 1815. His memoirs were pub. by his son, Ezra
Styles Ely, q. r.
Elyot, Sir Thomas, Knt, d. 1546, educated at St.
Mary's Hall, Oxford, was employed by Henry VIII. on
several embassies. He was noted for extensive and pro-
found learning. The Governor, Lon., 1531, Svo. Manyeds.
"Sir Thomas Klyot's OoTeruor was designed to instruct men.
especially great men, in good morals, and to reprove their vices"
— Strype.
This book was a great favourite with Henry VIII. The
Castell of Health, 1534, Svo. Many eds. Dictionarium,
Latin and English, 153S, fol. A Defence or Apology for
Good Women, 1545, Svo. Bibliotheca Eliota;, 1641, fol.
Wo have .already spoken of this work, and various editions,
in our article Cooper, Thomas, q. v. Bankctte of Sapience,
1542, Svo. Education of Children. De Rebus Memora-
bilibus Angliie :
" For the completing of which he had perused many old English
monuments."
Other works and trans, from the Latin and Greek. See
Biog. Brit. ; Strype's Eccles. Memorials; Herbert's Ames;
Bayle, in art. Encolpius; Athen. Oxon, ; Brit. Bibl.
Elys, Edmund. Sec Ellis.
Embury, Mrs. Emma C, a daughter of James R.
Manley. M.D., of New York, was married in 1828 to Mr.
Daniel Embury, now of Brooklyn. She has attained con-
siderable distinction both in the walks of poetry and prose.
*' Iantiie" was a favourite signature with magazine readers
long before the real name of the author was made public.
Many of these early compositions have since been gathered
and given to the world in a collective form. Mrs. Embury's
first volume was entitled (1) Guide and other Poems. Sho
has since pub. 2. Constance Latimer, orthe Blind Girl, and
other Tales. 3. Pictures of Early Life. 4. Glimpses of
Home. 5. Nature's Gems, or American Wild Flowers ; a
collection of Poems, 1846. 6. Love's Token-flowers; a
collec. of Poems. 7. The Waldorf Family, or Grandfa-
ther's Legends ; a fairy tale of Brittany, partly a trans,
and partly original.
'■ since her mariiage she has given to the public more prose than
verse, but the former is charai-terized Ijy the same roman tic spirit
which is tlie essential beauty of poetry. Many of her tales are
founded upon a just observation of life, although not a few are
equally remarkable for attractive invention. In point of style
they often possess the merit of graceful and pointed diction, and
the lessons they inculcate are invariably of a pure moral tendency."
— OriswnhVs Female Pijcts of America.
See Hart's Fem.ale Prose-Writers of America; Mrs. Halo's
Woman's Record.
Emerson, Frederick, 17S9-1S57, a successful
teacher in Boston for many years, author of Emerson's
well-known Arithmetics.
Emerson, George Barrett, teacher and naturalist,
was born in 1797, at Kennebunk, then Wells, in York co.,
Maine, graduated at Harvard Coll. in 1S17, A.A.S. For
several years he was President of tho Boston Soc'y of Nat.
History, and Chairman of tho Commissioners for the Zoo-
logical and Botanical Survey of Massachusetts. Mr. Emer-
son has been a teacher in colleges, academies, and schools
for more than forty years, thirty-four of which were spent
iu Boston. He wrote the second part of " The School and
the Schoolmaster," of which Bp. Potter wrote the first part,
12mo, pp. 552, N. York, 1S42. A copy of this work was
placed in every school in N. York and Massachusetts. A
Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the
forests of Massachusetts, Boston, 1846, pp. 635, Svo, 17
plates.
" J]very page seems replete with interest, both of things old and
new, rare and weU-known. We cheerfully recommend such a trea-
tise as this to the friends of Horticulture; feeling that the stylo
and manner in which the subject is treated will be peculiarly in-
teresting."— Hovet/'S Magazine of ITorticnlture.
Several of Mr. Emerson's Lectures upon Education have
been pub., and he has contributed a number of articles to
the North American Review and the Christian Examiner.
Emerson, Gouverneur, M.D., of Philadelphia. The
Farmer's and Planter's Encyclopaedia of Rural Affairs, by
Cuthbert W. Johnson. Adapted to the United States by G.
E., Phila., 1853, Svo. See Johnson, Cuthbert W. "Dt.
Emerson has contributed very extensively to the agricul-
tural journals of the U.S. His medical writings consist
chiefly of extensive contributions upon the suljject of vital
statlsiic.t, including the mortality, births, and changes in
the population of Philadelphia from 1808 to *32 ; show-
ing, among other things, the excessive mortality of males
during childhood, and its causes. Effects of Depressing
Influences in Changing the Proportions of the Sexes at
Birth. ,Seo Amer. jour, of Med. Sciences, 1827, 31, 48.
Emerson, James. See Tennent, Sir Jajies Em-
erson.
Emerson, Joseph, 1700-1767, minister of Maiden,
Mass. Sernis. Ac. 1727, '35, '38, '47.
Emerson, Joseph, 1777-1833, of Beverly, Mass.
Miscellanies in Education.
Emerson, John Swift. Proceedings Ct. of Exche-
quer in Ireland, in case of Johnson. 1806, Svo.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, the son of a Unitarian
minister of Boston, graduated at Harvard College in 1821,
being then about 18 years of age. After some attention
to theological studies, he was ordained minister of tliu
Second Unitarian Church of Boston; but this connexion
was soon sundered, in consequence of some peculiarity iu
the views of the preacher. He now retired to Concord,
and soon became absorbed in those investigations in men-
tal and moral philosophy of which the results have been
from time to time communicated to the world.
An oration entitled Man Thinking, delivered before the
Phi Beta Kappa in 1S37, and an address to the senior class
of the Divinity College, Cambridge, in 1838, attracted con-
siderable attention; which no doubt encouraged Mr. Em-
erson to address the public through the medium of the
press. In 183S he pub. Literary Ethics, an Oration, which
was followed in the next year by Nature, an Essay. Iu
<U7
EME
ENF
18(0 he commenced tbe publication of The Dial, a maga- '
ziue devoted to the discussion of mooted points in litera-
ture, philosophy, and history. This periodical was con-
tinued for four years. In 1841 ho pub. The Methttd of
Nature, an Oration ; Man the Reformer, an Oration ,■ a
lecture upon some peculiarities of the age; three Lectures
on the Times, and the first series of his Essays. In 1844
he pub. lectures on N. England Reformers, the Young
American, and Negro Emancipation in the West Indies,
and the iSceond Series of his Essays. He subsequently
delivered lectures on Swedenborg, Napoleon, New Eng-
land, and other subjects. In 1846 he pub. a volume of
Puems. He visited England fur the second time in 1849,
(bis first visit was paid we believe about 1825.) and deli-
vered a series of lectures, which were subsequently pub.
in a volume under the title of Representative Men. In
1852, in conjunction with Mr. W. H. Channing and J. F.
Clarke, he pub. The Memtiirs of Margaret Fuller, and in 1856,
he pub. English Traits. Hehasalsocontrib. toN. Amer. Rev.
and the Chris. Exam. "Works, unifurmed., 6 vols. ; Essays, 2
vols. ; Nature, Addresses, and Lects., 1 vol. ; Representative
Men,l vol.; English Traits, 1 vol.; Poems, 1 vol. See reviews
in West. Rev., xxxiii. ; Blaekw. Mag., IxiL, Ixiv. ; Eclec.
Rev., 4th Ser., xii., xxxi. ; Chris. Exam., xxx., (C. C. Fel-
ton.) xxxviii., (F. II. Hedge,) xUi., xlviii., (both by C. A.
Bartol ;) Amer. Whig Rev., i., vi. ; Brownson's Quarterly
Review, 2d Ser., i. ; Christian Review, xv. ; Princeton
Review, xiii. ; Democratic Review, i., xvi. ; New Eng-
lander, viii. ; Southern Literary Messenger, xiii.; Eclectic
Magazine, xiii., xviii. ; Living Age, iv., xvi., xvii,, (G. Gil-
fiUan,) xxiii., xxiv., xxvi.
" We suspect that Emerson is not known in this country as he
deserves to be. Willi some who have heard his name coupled with
that of Carlyle, he passes for a sort of echo or double of the Eng-
lish writer. A more independent and original thinker can nowhere
in this age be found. Tins praise must at all events be awarded
him. And even in America— which has not the reputation of gene-
rally overlooking or underrating the merits of her own children —
we understand that the reputation of Emerson is by no means
wliat it ought to be; and many critics there who are dissatisfied
with merely imitative talent, and demand a man of genius of (heir
own, are not aware that he stands there amongst them." — Black-
wood's Magazii}€. Ixiv. 643. &c.
'•We warn admirers of this writer against a doctrine which
tampers with the difference between riijJd and wrong. There must
be such a difference : it deeply concerns every man who pi-esumes
to teach the public to hold fa^t by it. . . . No! the dnctrine which
Mr. Emerson, and many men like-minded, aie compassing sea and
land to propagate, i^ not true; the cultivated intellect, the imagina-
tion, the conscience, the heart, unite in the disclaimer. There is
a deeper philosophy than this, a nobler poetry, a manlier morality,
a stronger stimulant, a sweeter solace; and'our readers need not
now be told where thrse are to be found. . . . Ilis ethics are as des-
titute of authority as bis poetry is of life and his philosophy of
wi.rJum." — British Quarterbj Review.
'■ It is better, we think, for a man to tell his story as Jlr. Irving,
Mr. Hawthoine. or Mr. Longfellow does, than to adopt the style
Emersonian— in which thoughts may be buried so deep that com-
mon seekers shall be unable to find them. 'Geoffrey Crayon's' ele-
gance and polish do not imply want of life nr the absence of hu-
mour. His fancies are ideal, not typographical. They do not
consist of verbs for nouns— ov full stops barring the way when the
reader desires to go on,— of tumid epithets, which arrest by their
strangeness, not their appositeness, — of foreign idioms and forms,
introduced (it may not be uncharitable to divine) by way of .ip-
prizing the public that the writer is versed in Italian, French, or
German." — Lon. Athcn{Fuin, Feb. 17. IS.'iD. 102.
Emersou, T. Courts of Law of London,Lon.,1794,8vo.
_ Emerson, Wm., 1701-1782, an eminent mathemati-
cian, was a native of Hurworth, near Darlington, England.
He pub. many treatises upon natural philosophy, astrono-
my, and various branches of mathematics; for a list of
which see Biog. Brit.
Emersou, Wm., 1769-1811, a minister of Boston,
Mass., pub. several serms., theolog. treatises, Ac, 1794-
1808. After his death was pub. his sketch of the history
of the first church in Buston, with 2 semis., 1S12, Svo.
Emersone, John. The World's Prospect; or, a Com-
mentary upon Isa. xxiii. 14, Lon., 1646, 12mo.
Ernes, Tnomas. Alkali and Acid, Lr.n., 1609, Svo.
Atheist turned Deist, 1699, Svo. Predictions, 1707, 4to.
Emlyu, Henry. Propositions for a New Order of
Architecture, Lon., 1782, fol.
Emlyn, Thomas, 1663-1743. a learned English di-
vine, a native of Lincolnshire, attracted great attention by
his championship of Arianism. In explanation of his
sentiments, he pub. at Dublin, where he had been stationed,
an Humble Inquiry into the Scripture Account of Jcsua
Christ, or a short argument concerning his Doity and
Glory, according to the Gospel. This led to his prosecu-
tion and imprisonment. Ho wrote a number of other con-
troversial tracts, n list of which will be found in Biog. Brit,
and Watt's Bibl. Brit. A collective ed. of his Works, with
a Memoir by his son, was pub. in 1746, 3 vols. Svo. See
a notice of some of his works in Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Though his writings are, perhaps, not now so much read as
they formerly were, they still continue to be held in reputation,
and have a number of admirers. Our author was what is called a
hi.;h Arian; believing our blessed Saviour to be the first of derived
Beings, the Creator of the World, and an object of worship." — Db.
KlPPls, m Bing. Brit.
Emmerick, A., Lt. Col. 1. Culture of Forests, Lon.,
1789, Svo. 2. Light Troops to an Army, 1789, 12mo.
Emmerton, Isaac. Culture and Management of the
Auricola, Ac, Lon., 1816.
Emmet, Thomas Addis, 1764-1827, a native of
Cork, wa.s admitted to the Dublin Bar in 1791. Becoming
a leader among the " United Irishmen," he was obliged to
emigrate to the Continent, after suffering imprisonment,
and in 1804 arrived in New York. Here he was admitted
to the bar, and in 1812 was appointed Attorney General
of the State. He died of an attack of apoplexy in 1827.
He wrnte, whilst in prison in Scotland, a work pub. in New
York in 1S07, entitled Pieces of Irish History, illustrative
of the condition of the Catholics of Ireland. He was a
brother of Robert Emmet, executed for treason in 1803,
and of Christopher Temple Emmet, a distinguished lawyer
of Dublin. See Memoirs of Thomas Addis Emmet, by
Charles Glidden Haynes; with a Biog. Notice of Mr.
Haynes, Lon., 1829, 12moj and a Sketch of the character
of Emmet by the late Judge Story, in his Misceh Writings,
801-807.
'■That he had great qualities as an orator cannot be doubted by
any one who has heard him. His mind possessed a good deal of
the fervour which characterizes his countrymen. It was quick,
vigorous, searching, and buoyant. lie kindled as he spoke.
There was a spontaneous combustion as it were, not sparkling, but
clear and glowing. His rhetoric was never florid; and his diction,
though select and pure, seemed the common dress of his thoughts,
as they arose, rather than any studied effortat ornament."— J udob
Story, uhi supra.
Emmett, J. B. Heat; Annals of Phil., 1S17.
Emmons, Nathaniel, D.D., 1745-1840. CCXI.
Serms., with Lifb by Dr. J. Idc, N. York, 1842, 6 vols. r.
Svo. These vols, contain upwards of 220 sermons.
"One of the most eminent, original, and able preachers of his
time." See Chris. Kxam., xxxiii. 1G9; Am. Bib. Rep., 2d s., viii.
314, s. 3j2: Princeton Uev., xiv. 520.
Emmot, G., of Durham. A Northern Blast; or, the
Spiritual Quaker converted, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Emory, W. H., Major U.S. Army, b. in Queen Anne's
CO., Md. 1. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Mis-
souri and California, N. York, 1S4S, Svo. 2, Notes of
Travel in Calir<>rnia; from the Official Reports of Colonel
Fremont and Major Emory, N.Y., Svo.
"This work contains a map of the United States, Mexico, and
California, together with a sectional map, on a large scale, of the
Gold-Regions, and is replete with interest."
3. Report of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary-Com-
mission. Washington, 4to. An elaborate work.
Emms, Robert. Gospel Dispensation, Lon., 1732, 4to.
Enderbie, Percy, Cambria Triumphans; or, Bri-
tain in its perfect Lustre, from the first uf their Princes to
Charles I., Lon., 1601, fol. Being a History of Wales.
L..rd Essex's copy, £30 9s.; Heathcote's, £29 ISs. 6(1.;
Montolieu's, £32 lis. Reprinted, Lon., 1810, fol. See an
analysis of this work in Sav.ige's Librarian, ii. 49-74.
"As fur Enderbie, who was an author of no considerable note,
as having not had that just education which is requisite for a
genuine historian, he hath done his work but very meanly, being
mostly a scribble from late authors, and gives not that satisfaction
which curious men desire to know." — Athen. Oxon., Blisses cd., in.
710.
"Its intrinsic worth in respect to its contents is not very great."
— jS(va//e's Librarian, ii. 50.
Y'et so scarce had the original folio become, that a year
before it was reprinted the same authority inlbrms us,
'• At present 1 believe thatagood copy, bound in Russia leather,
is difficult to l>o procmcd for much less than forty guineas."'
The same vol. (original) is now (1855) worth perhaps
£5 to £5 10s. iu good condition and binding.
Eiidress, Rev. Dr., Lutheran pastor. Christi Regi-
ment mit wcltlicher Monarchie und Aristocratic unverein-
bar. 171)1, 12mo; also posthumous Sermons published in
Lutheran Preacher and Pulpit.
Eulield, Wm., LL.D., 1741-1797, a Socinian divine,
a native of Sudbury, Suflolk, minister of a congregation
at Liverpool, 1763; teacher of the dissenting academy at
Warrington, 1770-83, when it was dissolved; minister of
a congregation at Norwich, 1783-97. Serms., Prayers,
Selectiun of Hymns, &c., 176S-95. The Preacher's Di-
rectory; an arrangement of topics and texts, 1771, 4to;
1775, 9 vols. 12mo; 1782, 4to.
" An excellent work, formed upon an admir-nblo plan, and exr^
cuted with great accuracy and judgment. This performance will
be particularly usefid to those who compose sermons, as it will
ENF
ENG
immediately furnish them with a rririety of texts on every sub-
ject, niauy of which are selected aud applied with great taste and
iugenuity. We will venture to recommend it to every preacher as
the best booli of its kind that has ever been published." — Loti.
Critical Bn-if-iv.
Essay towards a Hist, of Liverpool, from papers of Geo.
PeiTj, "and other materials. 1773, fol. Literary Propei'ty,
1774. 4to. The Speaker, 1775, 8vo. A very good collection
of prose and poetry. New ed., 1850, 12mo. By Rev. J.
Pyeroft, 1S51, 12mo. Elocution, 1780, 12mo. Natural
Philosophy, 1783, 4to; 1799, 4to. The Hi.story of Philo-
sophy from the earliest periods to the beginning of the
present century, drawn up from Brucker's Ilistoria Critica
Philosophise, 1791, 2 vols. 4to ; 1S19, 2 vols. Svo. New ed.,
1840. Svo, pp. 670. Brucker's great work was pub. in 6
large 4to vols., Leipsic, 1742^4. A new ed., with large
nddits. and improvements, appeared in 6 vols. 4to, Leipsic,
1767. The author had previously pub. an abridgment in
1765, large Svo. Enfield's work is un abridgment of the
best edit., 6 vols. 4to. which comprises about 6000 closely-
printed pages. The value of Brucker's work is well known.
"Whether entitled to Enfield's enthusiastic eulogy, it must
be left to learned inquirers in the same field to decide:
'•A vast magaxineofimportint facts, collected with indefatigable
industry, digested with admirable perspicuity of method, aud writ-
ten with every appearance of candour and impartiality. . . . His
work bears throughout such evident marks of diligeut attention,
cool judgment, and freedom from prejudice, as justly to entitle his
opinions to no small degree of respect; but as far as concerns facts,
perhaps no historian ever had a better claim to confidence. No
candid reader will, without the most careful inquiry, pronounce
that statement of facts erroneous which was the result of a course
of Investigation in which the life of an industrious student was
principally occupied for the long term of fifty years."— EnJieUrs
Pre/, f'l his Ahridgmait. 1791.
"This eminent and valuable work has received the general suf-
frage of the learned, as being the most comprehensive, methodical,
and, impartial history of theology hitherto wiitten. It is both a
history of doctrines and of men. As a history of doctrines, it lays
open the origin of opinions, the changes they have undergone, the
distinct characters of different systems, and the leading points in
which they differ; as a history of men, it relates the lives of the
most eminent philosophers, takes notice of their followers and op-
ponents, and describes the origin, progress, and decline of their
respective sects; and throws much light on the ancient religions
of India, Persia, and on every other branch of Eastern literature."
'• An indispensable work. I can truly say, that the benefit which
I have derived from it is much greater than it would be possible
to express by any quotation or acknowledgments, however nume-
rous."— Burh/ti's Bampton Lixtures.
Enfield performed his task in a most creditable manner :
"It may be truly said, that the tenets of philosophy and the
lives of its professors were never before displayed in so pleasing a
form, and with such clearness and excellence of language."
*' It contains a fund of information that is scarcely anywhere
elsetobemetwithiuthe English language. Without it no library
can be considered as at all complete."— />r. E. Williams's C. P.
It is not to be denied, indeed, that doubts have been ex-
pressed of the accuracy of some of his paraphrases of
ancient philosophic propositions and conclusions. Serms.
on Practical Subjects, with Memoirs of the Author, by
John Aikin, M.D., 1798, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1799, 3 vols.
Svo.
*• These Sermons are 60 in number, and are almost entirely writ-
ten upon moral subject.s. to illustrate the Character of our Lord,
to explain and comment upon his Parables, or to enforce some of
his Precepts. Hisebief talent consists in expressing common ideas
in clear and apposite language: and he so well inculcates the mo-
ral precepts of Christianity, that, with reference to them, bis Ser-
mons may be read to advantage by every class of believers." —
British (yitic.
"■ In Dr. Enfield's compositions we see great correctness of senti-
ment, and a happy mode of expression. His words stand for ideas ;
he is cle,ar without ni-edless expansion, and concise without being
confused." — Lmi. MnnVtly Review
The English Preacher; a coUec. of short Serms. from
various authors, 1773, '74, 9 vols. 12mo.
" Very useful to young preachers, by exhibiting before them at
one view a great variety of models for their imitation." — Lowndes's
Brit. Librarian.
Enfield was a large contributor to the 1st vol. of Dr.
Aikin's General Biography, 1799-1815, 10 vols. 4to. See
AiKiN, John, M.D., in this volume, and a biography of Dr.
Enfield in Aikin's General Biography:
"He joined with the writer of this article in laying the plan;
and all the lives in the first volume marked with his initial, com-
prising more than half the whole, are of his composition. . . . His
language, chaste, clear, correct, and free from all affectation, is one
of the best specimens of that middle style which is fitted for all
topics, and he communicut*-s to his reader all that clearness of idea
which reigned in his mind." — DR. .\iKis. nhi siipnt.
Enfield. Wm. 1. New Pronouncing English Diction-
ary, 1807, l'2mo.
"Mr. Enfield has displayed considerable judgment and great
industry in the cnmpilati'm and arrangement of the useful little
volume'before us." — Anti-Jaaibin Bevieio. Aug. 1S07.
2. New Encyclopedia, 1809-11, 10 vols. 12mo. 3. Natu-
ral Theology, 1809, 12mo. ' " - ^ -.
Constitution of England. 1S09, 12mo. 5. Mental and Mora!
Philusoidiy and L..gic.l810. 12mo. 6. Natural Philosophy.
England, Rev. George, Inquiry into the Morals
of the Ancients, 1757, 4to.
ElijE^laiid, John. Discourses, 1700, Svo. Serm., 1710,
Svo. ,^erm.. 1715. Svo.
Eniiland,Ut. Rev. John,D.D.,R- Catholic Bishop of
N. Carnlin:!. S. Ciir<din:i. and Georgia, for twenty-two years,
died at Charle.^tnn. April 11, 1S42, aged 56. Discourse be-
fore the Hibernian Society of Savannah, Charleston, 1824,
Svo. See a review in the N. Amer. Rev., xi.x. 470. Expla-
nation of the Construction. Furniture, and Ornnments of a
Church, Ac. Bait., Svo. Letters on Slavery, Svo. Works
edited by Bishop Reynolds. Bait., 1849, 5 vols. r. Svo.
England, Thomas R. 1. Letters from the Abb6
Edgeworth to his Friends, 1777-1 S07, with Memoirs of bis
Life, 1810, Svo. Life of the Rev. Arthur O'Leary, &c., 1822.
Svo. Illustrative of the condition of the IrisH R. Catholics
in the 18th century.
Englefield, Sir Henry Charles, M.P., 1752-1R22,
an astronomer and antiquary. 1. Tables of the Apparent
Places of the Comet in lOtil, Lon._, 1788, 4to. 2. Letter
rel. to the case of Protestant Dissenters, 1790, Svo. 3. Or-
bits of Comets, 1793, 4to. 4. Walkthrough Southampton;
its Antiquities, ISOl, Svo. 5. Beauties, Antiquities, and
Geological Phenomena of the Isle of Wight. 1S16, fol.
This work should be read by all who expect to visit the
Isle of Wight.
" .Sir Henry Knglefield is well known in the literary world as a
man of taste, of ext*^nsive, various, aud accurate information; .ind
the description of the Isle of Wight is a work, in all respects, wor-
thy of a person distinguished by the possession of such accom-
plishments.''— Etli)]. liev., xxix. 363-377.
Con. on Astronomy, Geology, and Natural Philosophy,
toPhil. Trans., 17S1,"S4; Trans. Linn. Soc, 1802 ; Archaj-
ol., 1782, '90, '92; Nic. Jour., 1804; Phil. Mag.. 1814.
'15. In 1819, in 6 Nos., imp. Svo, appeared the Englefield
Vases, and in the same year, in 6 Nos., was pub. The Life
of Sir H. C. Englefield, bv Sotheby.
Engles, Wm. M., D.D., of Philadelphia. Rills from
the Fountain of Wisdom ; or the Book of Proverbs arranged
and illustr.ated, Phila., 12mo. The idea is excellent, and
its execution has been highly commended. No one should
be without this little volume.
English, E. H. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of Law
and Eq. in Arkansas, Little Rock, lS4fi, Svo.
English, George B., d. 1828, aged 39, was the son
of Thomas English, of Boston, Mass., and graduated at
Harvard Coll. in 1807. 1. Grounds of Christianity Exam-
ined, 1813, 12mo. This was answered by Edward Everett,
of Massachusetts, in 1S14, and also by Samuel Cary in 1813.
Mr. Everett's answer forms a vol. of about 500 pages. He
was between 20 and 21 years of age at the time of its
publication. 2. Letter to Mr. Cary on his Review of the
Grounds of Christianity Examined. 3. Letter to Dr. Chan-
niug on his 2 serms. on Infidelity, 1813. 4. Expedition to
Dongola and Sennaar, 1S23, Svo. 5. Five Smooth Stones
out of the Brook. This was intended as an answer to
Edward Everett's unanswerable response to English's
Grounds of Christianity Examined.
Mr. Everett convicts English of the most flagrant dis-
honesty in his assertions, and bare-faced plagiarism, to a
degree almost unprecedented. This reckless blasphemer
of "a doctrine which once he preached," transfers by
wholesale to his malignant pages the sophistries and quib-
bles, the absurdities and the blunders, of Evanson, Collins.
Toland, and other such worthies, and appropriates without
scruple the reflections of Semler, Priestley, Rabbi Isaac,
and Orobio. Mr. Everett shows that thus ninety-four
pages are borrowed from other writers, of which number
Mr. English gives credit to the owners for twenty-four
pages only. The work of Mr. Everett would do honour to
any critic, however far advanced in years or experienced
in polemics ; but as the composition of a mere youth, it is
one of the most remarkable productions of the human
mind. The following extracts are commended to the class
of writers especially concerned :
"Justly, most justly, does Dr. Leland observe, that * It would be
hard to produce any persons whatever, who are chargeable with
more unfair and fraudulent management in their quotations, in
ciirtnilinf/. adding to, and altcriiir/. the pass't</i'S they cite,_ or taking
them out of their connexion, and mahinrf them sptak directly con-
trary to tite sentiments nf their aidhr/rs,' than the Veistical Writers."
—EverfM's Deftiux of Christianity, 108.
Again :
"It is a peculiarity of the skeptical writers, that they delight to
dwell on indelicate and indecent themes. The reader will see some
tracesof this in Mr. English's work. . . . Porsou, in the preface to
his unanswerable letters to Travis, justly censures Gibbon for this
4. Compend. of the Laws and I vulgar vice, and there needs no confirmation to the remark at the
ENG
ERS
beginning of tills not* to one who has read the works of Woolston,
of Mandeville, or Voltaire." — Ibid. iSl. note.
English was a roving eharactcr, and served under the
Pasha of Egypt. He is said to have embraced Islamisni,
but this story we believe to be untrue. At one time of his
life be was a member of the community at New HnrmoDy.
Shortly after leaving college he studied theology, and was
licensed to preach as a candidate for the ministry, by the
''Boston Association of Clergymen."
£ii§:lish, H. S. Laws respecting Pews or Seats in
Churches, Lon., 1.826, 8v".
English, J. Obs. on Sheridan's Dissert, nn the English
Tongue : difficulties in pronunciation, Ac, Lon., 1762, Svo.
English, J. Serm.. 1776, 8vo.
Engli^ih, John. The Grey Spirit of the Friar, and
the Black Spirit of the Wye : a Romance, ISIO, 2 vols. 12mo.
English, John George. Arithmetic, &c., 1795, 12mo.
English, Michael. Assize on Bread, 1491.
English, Peter. The Survey of Policy ; or a Vindic.
of the Commonwealth agst. Salmasius and other Royalists,
Lon., 165a. 4to.
English, Rev. Robert. The Naval Review; a Poem,
Lon., 1773, 4to: 1774, 4to. Elegy, 1777, 4to.
English, Thomas. Serm., 17.'')4. 4to.
English, Thomas Dunn, of Philadelphia, has ac-
quired considerable reputation as a contributor of prose
and poetical articles to the periodicals of the d.iy.
•■ Mr. En^^lish is best known as an ori;;inal, forcible, and some-
times humorous, writj/r of prose." Seetiriswolds Poets and Poetry
of Ameriira.
Enoch, Richard. Serm., 1707, 4to.
Enos, James Lysander, b. 1825, in the State of
New York. Intellectual and Practical Arithmetic. Re-
vised ed., N. York, 1854, 18mo.
Ensor, George. 1. Principles of Mor.ality. 1801, Svo.
2. The Independent Man, 1806, Svo. 3. National Govern-
ment, 1810, 2 vols. Svo. 4. National Education, 1811, Svo.
6. Defects of the English Laws and Tribunals, 1812, Svo.
" A rambline, desultory, fault-finding. ill-dit;ested volume, in
which the author finds little to praise and much to blame." — Nar-
vin's Leg. BilA.
6. Present State of Ireland, 1814, Svo. 7. State of Eu-
rope in Jan. 1816, 1S16, Svo.
Ent, Sir George, 1604-16S9, an eminent physician,
was a native of Sandwich, Kent, and educated at Sidney
Susse.'E Coll., Camb. 1. Amicorum Applausus cum Patavi
M.D. crearetur, Pat., 1636. 2. Apologia pro Circulatione
S.anguinis contra JEmilium Parisnnum, Lon., 1641, '85,
Svo. In defence of Harvey. 3. Animadversiones in Ma-
lachiaj Thrustoui M.D., diatribam de respirationis usu
primario, 1G79, '84, '85, Svo. Whole Works, Lcyden, 1687,
Svo. He is said to have trans, the whole of Harvey's Ex-
ercitationes de Generalionc Animalium into Latin. Con.
to Phil. Tr.ans., 1678, '91.
Entick, or Entinck, John, 1713-1773. Speculum
Latinum, Lon., 1728, Svo. New Naval History, 1758, fol.
Gracral History of the Late War, by Entinck and others,
1763, 5 vols. Svo. Relates principally to the war in Ame-
rica. See Lon. Monthly Review. Survey and History of
London, Ac, 1766, 4 vols. Svo. Not much valued. New
Latin .nnd English Dictionary, 1771, 12mo. Many eds.,
1786, by W. Crackelt. This dictionary has been "repub-
lished within the last few years. Present State of the
British Empire, 1774, 4 vols. Svo. New Spelling Diction-
ary, 1764, 12mo. By Crackelt, 1784, 12mo; 17S8, 4to ;
1795, I2mo. New ed., 1850, sq. Other works. He was
engaged in some tbeolog. and some political publications.
Eutwisle, Edmund, D.D. Serm., 1697, 4to.
Enty, John, a dissenting minister of E.\eter. Serms.,
1707, 'Ki, '20, '25, '37. Other publications.
Equinox, Thomas. More Conversation, or Ecclesi-
astical Syna]itism, Lou., 1807, Svo.
Erbery, \Vm. Pub. many theolog. treatises, 1627-54,
which seem to have been forgotten. See a list in Watt's
Bibl. Brit. [
Erdeswicke, Sampson, d. 1603, was an antiquary !
of Sandon, in Staffordshire. A Short View of Stafford- \
shire, Lon., 1717, Svo. Again by Sir Simon Deggo in 1723.
But Lowndes speaks of both the above as one edition. (?)
The View is now incorporated in Shaw's Hist, of Stafford-
shire. Erdeswicke's View is said to be inaccurate, not-
withstanding the commendation of Wood, who tells us
that it I
" Was begun about the year 1593, and continued by him to bis
death, from ancient evidences and records, with brevity, clearness,
and truth."
Erdeswicke is supposed to have written The True State
of Armory, pub. under the name of William Wyrelcy, 1592,
4to, but this is very doubtful.
660
Erichsen, John, Prof, of Surgery in University Coll.,
London. The Science and Art of Surgery, Lon., 1853, p.
Svo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions, by J. H. Brin-
ton, M.D., Phila., 1854, Svo; nearly 900 pages.
'• The volume before us gives a very admirable practical view of
the science and art of surgery of the present day."— £(im. Mtd.
and Sttrtj. Jour.
"Decidedly the best treatise on the subject since the days of Ben-
jamin Bell." — Pbof. S. D. Gross. May 17. 18.54.
Erigena, Johannes Scotus, a celebrated philoso-
pher, a native of Ireland, long resident at the court of
Charles the Bald, King of France, is supposed to have died
about 877, but of this date, as of the incidents of his life,
there appears to be much doubt. The curious reader can
refer to the .authorities cited below. Of his writings a cata-
logue will be found in Cave and others. Bale has added
to the number, but it is thought without sufScient evidence.
The following have been printed : 1. De Divisione Nature,
Oxon., by Gale, 1681, fol.
"llis book entitled The Division of Nature is of great use in
solving many intricate and perplexing questions, if wecan forgive
him for deviating from the path of the Latin philosophers and
divines, and pursuini; th.at of the Greeks. It was this that made
him appear a heretic to many ; and it must be confessed that there
are many things in it which, at first sight at least, seem to be con-
trary to the Catholic faith." — Hoveden.
2. De Praidestiuatione Dei, contra Goteschalcum, edited
by Gilb. Maguin in his Vindiciai Proedestinationis et Gra-
tia;, vol. i. p. 103. This work was violently attacked by
Prudentius and Florus. 3. E.xcerpta de Differentiis et So-
cietatibus Gra;ci Latiniquo Verbi, in Macrobius's works.
4. Do Corpore et Sanguine Domini, 1558, '60, 1653; Lon.,
1686, Svo. It is supposed that the treatise really written
by Erigena is lost, and that the published one is not the
genuine tract. It is certain that Erigena denied the doc-
trine of transubstantiation. It was intended as an answer
to Paschasius Radbertus. Erigena's treatise was con-
demned to be burned at Rome in 1059. It w.as on this
account that his name was stricken from the roll of saints
by Baronius. 5. Ambigua S. Maximi, seu Scholia ejus
in difficiles Locos S. Gregorii Naziauzeni, Latine versa,
with the Divisio Natura-, Oxford, 1681, fol. 6. Opera S.
Dionysii quatuor in Latinam Linguam conversa, in the
edition of Dionysius, Colon., 1536. Many of his MSS. are
still in existence. He trans, from the Latin, at the request
of King Charles, four works attributed to Dionysius the
Areopagite. This trans, (see conclusion of this article)
involved Erigena in difficulty, and elicited an indignant
letter from Pope Nicholas I. to the King of France. It is
suiii)osed that this led to Erigena's withdrawal from France,
but this is greatly doubted. See Biog. Brit. ; Mackenzie's
Scotch Writers; Wood's Annals, and Colleges and Halls;
Henry's Hist, of G. Brit.; Cave; Fabric. Bibl. Lat. Med.:
Brucker; Saxii Onomast,; Hist. Lit. deFr., v., pp. 428, 429;
Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
" He was a skilful logician and controversialist, and bad imbibed,
by the peru.sal of some of the Greek Fathers, a considerable taint
of the Platouism of the School of Alexandria. He thus became
one of the founders of the philosophic school of the Realists, who
attracted so much attention in the eleventh and twelfth centuries."
— Wright, tthi supra.
" Anastasius had so high an opinion of Erigena, that he ascribed
his translation of the works of Dionysius to the especial influence
of the spiiit of God."' — Dr. Kirpis. in Biog. Brit.
But his opponents complained of the trans, as "too lite-
ral, and therefore often unintelligible, or liable to be mis-
understood ; and they represented it as ridiculous that a
barbarian from the extreme edge of the world should un-
derstand Greek."
The reader will find some specimens of the compositions
of Erigena in Usher's Veterum Epistolarum Hibcrnicarum
Sylloge., Dul)l., 1632, 4to.
Ernst, Rev. Dr. Lutheran Pastor, Lebanon, Pa.
Sermon on the Death of Washington.
Ernulph, or Earnnlph, b. about 1040, d. 1124, a na-
tive of Bcauvais, and pupil of Lanfranc, was made Abbot
of Pctersborough in 1107, and in 1114 was promoted to
the bishopric of Rochester. Ho collected the early char-
ters, &c. of his see into a volume, which is still extant, and
known as the Textus Roffensis. In addition to the char-
ters of the church, it contains many of the Anglo-Saxon
and early Anglo-Norman laws, and a number of other
doo*iments. It has been largely drawn from by the com-
pilers of early British laws. A portion of its contents will
be found in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, 1091, fol., pp. 329-
34; andthe whole was printed by Hearnc. Oxon., 1720, Svo.
Two Epistles of Ernulph's will be found in D'.Achery's
Spicilegium, tomus iii., Parisiis, 1723, fob, pp. 464-71.
Erralt, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799.
Erskine, Hon. Andrew, 1739-1793. third son of
the 5th Earl 'ji KoUie. Letters between him and James
ERS
ERS
Boswell, Esq., Lon., 176:^, Svo. Town Eclogues, Lon.,
1773, 4to.
" A good poet and a good critic." — Bosweil, in life nf Johnson.
Erskine, Charles. The Institutes of Jletlic-inal Pa-
tholo{;:y. from the Latin of H. D. Gaubuis, Ediu., 1775, Svo.
The Syphilitic Physiciiin. 1808, 12ino.
Erskine, David, Lord Dun. 1070-1755, an eminent
Scottish lawyer, became lord of session in 1711, a commis-
sioner in the court of justiciary, 1713-50. Lord Dun's
Advices, 1752, 12uin, several eds. A work of ^reat merit.
Erskine, David Stewart, See Biohan, Earl of.
Erskine, Ebenezer, 1680-1754, a grandson of Ralph
Erskine, noted for having thirty-three children, was born
in the Prison of the Bass, where his father and mother
were confined during a season of religious persecution in
Scotland against the Presbyterians. Ebenezer was edu-
cated at the Univ. uf Edinburgh; minister of Purtmoak,
Kinross, 1703; of Stirling, 1731. In April, 1732, he was
chosen moderator of the synod of Perth and Stirling, and
in his opening sermon he censured some late proceedings
of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland respect-
ing patronage. These strictures occasioned a controversy
which resulted in a schism, and Mr. Erskine's party became
known as the Seceders. For an account of this body we
must refer the reader to Brown's Account of the iSecession,
8th ed., 1802, 12mo; to Mnckerrow's History of the Se-
cession Church, new cd.. Edin., 1841. Svo; and see article
Seceders in En.-yc. Brit., 7th ed. The character of Ebe-
nezer Erskine was most exemplary, and his sermons greatly
admired. Discuursos on Ps. ii. 6, Edin., 1739, 12mo.
Serms., 1755, Svo, Discourses, 1757, 3 vols. 12nio. Serms..
Glasg., 1762, 4 vols. Svo; vol. 5th, Edin., 17*15. Whole
Works, 1798, 3 vols. Svu ; Lon., 1799, 3 vols. Svo; Edin.,
1810, 3 vols. 8vo. By the Rev. D. Eraser, with a Memoir,
Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo. The Life and Diary were pub.
separately in 1831, 12mo. Serms., abridged by Fenton,
1826,2 vols, in 1, 12mo. 31 Serms., abridged bv Fisher,
1827, 2 vols, in 1, 12mo. 18 Serms., abridged, 1829, 12mo.
Beauties of E. Erskine, Ac., by the Rev. S. McMillan, Svo.
Serms. of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine, selected, with a
Preface, by the Rev. Thomas Bradbury, 1738, 3 vols.;
1757, 3 vols. Svo. Select Writings of Ebenezer Erskine,
edited by the Rev. D. Smith, Edin., 1S4S, Svo.
"Were I to read in ordt-r to refine my tnste or improve my style,
I would prefer Bp. Atterbury's 8ermons. Dr. Bate's Works, or Mr.
Seed's Discourses: but were I to read with a single view to the edi-
fifiition of my heart in true fiiith, solid comfort, and evanfrelie.tl
hi)Hness, I would have recourse to Mr. Erskine, and take his
volumes for my guide, my companion, and my own familiar
friend." — Berver/'s Theron and Aspasia.
'* The works of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine are highly evangeli-
cal; the productions of minds very strongly attached to truth,
devotional and zealous." — Williams's C P.
"The two Erskines Cecil calls the best Scotch divines, but
speaks of them as dry and laboured. He did not at tho moment
recollect Leit:;hton, Itutherford, Maclaurin. &c.*'— iJjcAcrs/^Wi's C. S.
Erskine, Hon. Mrs, Esme Stewart. Isabel; a
Tale, in two Cantos ; and other Poems, Lon., 1S14, cr. Svo.
Erskine, George. Serm., 1710, 4to; do., 1710, 4tu.
Erskine, H. T, The New Statute for the Relief of
InsolventDebtors, 5 A6Vict.,e. 116, &c., Lon., 1842, 12mo.
Erskine, Henry, 1624-1696, a Scotch divine, father
of Ebenezer Erskine, left some Latin MSS. elucidating
difficult passages of the Holy Scriptures. They have never
been pub.
Erskine, Hon. Henry, 1746-1S17, Lord Advocate
of Scotland, I)rothcr of Lord High Chancellor Erskine,
was the son of Henry David, 10th Earl of Buchan. Ex-
pediency of Reform in the Court of Session in Scotland,
Lon., 1807, Svo. See Lon. Monthly Review, liii. 442.
See a biography of Mr. Erskine in Chambers's Lives of
IHus. and Dist. Scotsmen, ii. 237.
Erskine, John, Baron of Dun, 150S?-159]. an emi-
nent Scotch Reformer, assisted in 1577 in the cinnpilation
of the Second Book of Discipline, or model fur the govern-
ment of a Presbyterian Church. See Scot's Lives of the
Reformers: McCrie's Life of Knox; Cook'3 Hist, of the
Reformation in Scotland.
Erskine, John, 1695-1768, Prof, of Scottish Law in
the Univ. of Edinburgh. The Principles of the Law of
Scotland, Edin., 1754, '57, '64, Svo. With Notes and
Correc. by Gillon, 1809, 8vo. New ed. by J. S. Moore,
Edin., 1S27, Svo. Institutes of the Laws of Scotland,
1773, foL; 2ded..enlarged, 1773, fob: 3d ed.. 1785, fob; 4th
ed., 1S04, fob With Notes by Gillon, 1805, fob With
Notes by James Ivory, 1S24-2S, 2 vols, fob New ed. by
A. MacAllan, 1838, 2 Vols. r. Svo. and r. 4to.
" A standard work, characterized by conciseness and perspi-
cuity."—Warren's Law Studies. 888.
36
Both of the above works are on the plan of Sir George
Mackenzie's Institutions of the Law of Scotland.
Erskine, John, D.D.. 1721-1803, educated at the
Univ. of Ei.linburgh ; minister of Kirkintilloch, 1744; of
Culross, 1754; of New Grey-Friars' Church, Edinburgh,
1758; colleague with Dr. Robertson in the Old Grey-Friars'
Church, 1759. Dr. Erskine pub. a number of serms. and
theolog. dissertations, 1750-1802. A collection of his Dis-
courses was pub. at Edin., 1818, 2 vols. Svo.
'* Very scripturab and full of excellent matter.'' — WiUiams's C.P.
Theological Dissertations, 1765, 12mo. Sketches and
Hints of Church History and Theolog.Controversy,17yU-97,
2 vols. ]2mo; 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Whether the reader shall aijree or disa^rree with Dr. Erskine
in all the views of Scripture truth which the Theological Disserta-
tions contain, it is impossible but he must admire the shrewd
sense which they display, and their tamiliar and extensive ac-
quaintance with the Ilible. . . . Tho Sketches of Church History
discover the author's extensive acquaintance with the modern
Dutch and German writers, and furnish many curious extracts
ft-om books that are little known in this country." — Ornie's Bibl.
Bib.
" Much scarce information. . . . An account of Foreign Works,
and translations of extracts from them, on the plan of Erskine's
Sketches of Church History, would be interesting and useful."' —
BicUrsleth's C. S.
See An Account of the Life and Writings of John Ers-
kine, D.D.. by Sir Henry Muncreiff Wellwood, Bart., M.D.,
Edin., 1818, Svo. A list of his works and publications,
edited by him, will be found in Chambers's Lives of Hlus.
and Dist. Scotsmen, ii. 262-4.
Erskine, John Francis. General View of the Agri-
culture of the County of Clackmannan, Ac, Edin., 1794, 4to.
"This work had much repute, beinj; the offspring of an educated
mind, and very large information and experience." — Donaldson'' s
AgricuJt. B'oq.
Erskine, Ralph, 1685-1752, brother of Ebenezer
Erskine, was a native of Monilaws, Northumberland ; edu-
cated at the Univ. of Edinburgh ; minister at Dunfermline,
1711; joined the Seceders, 1734. He pub. a number of
Serms., Theolog. Treatises, Scripture Songs, Gospel Songs,
Ac, 1738-52, and several of his works were pub. after his
death. We have already referred to Bradbury's ed. of the
Serms. of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine. Works, Glasg.j
1764-6fi, 2 vols, fob; 1777, 10 vols. Svo; Lon., 1821, 10 vols.
Svo. Gospel Sonnets, new ed., 1844, 24mo. For opinions
upon his Works see Erskinf,, Ebenkzkr.
An enthusiastic admirer thus celebrates the merits of
our excellent author:
" Krskine! whose pen spread far abroad
Redeeming; love, the sole device of God.
Subst.intial themes his thou-ihts did much pursue;
Kept pure the truth, espoused but by a few.
Integrity of heart, of soul serene;
No friend to vice, no cloke to the profane;
Employ'd his talents to reclaim the vain."
See Life prefixed to his Works.
Erskine, Robert. Tract rel. to J. Crookshanks, Lon.,
1759, ^\'^>. Rivers and Tides, 1770, '81. 8vo.
Erskine, Thomas, Lord Baron Erskine, of Restor-
mel Castle, co. Cornwall, 1750-182.'J, was the third son of
Henry, David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan in Scotland.
He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, and
the University of St. Andrew's.and subsequently, in 1777,
entered as a Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. At the age of
14 he entered the Royal Navy, where he served for four
years; and in 17(j8 became attached to tho army, as an
ensign in the Royals, or First Regiment of Foot. He re-
mained in tho army for eight years. Determined to adopt
the profession of the law, in 1777 he inserted his name as
a student in the book of Lincoln's Inn, and in 1778 — sav-
ing two years of probation in consequence of his academical
degree, to which he was entitled from his University as the
son of a nobleman — he was called to the bar. His defence
of Captain Baillie at once established his fame, and hence-
forth he reaped laurels in profusion. In 1806 he was made
Lord High Chancellor, and in 1815 received the Order of
the Thistle. His professional life does not properly come
under our consideration in this volume. The reader is re-
ferred to Boswell's Johnson; Chambers's Lives of lUus.
and Dist. Scotsmen; Stanton's Reforms and Reformers of
Great Britain; The Georgian Era; Encyc. Brit. ; Edin.
Rev., vols. xvi. and xix. ; Gent. Mag., xciii. 553 ; Good-
, rich's Select Brit. Eloquence. His lordship amused his
intervals of leisure by the composition of Armata, a Frag-
ment; a political romnnce, Lon., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; pub.
anon. ; and wrote some pamphlets in favour of the Greeks.
His burlesque parody of Gray's Bard is well known. His
View of the Causes and Consequences of the Present War
I with France, pub. in 1797, was so popular that 48 edits.
I were called for in a few months. A letter in answer to it,
661
ERS
ETH
by John Gifford, also had a very large sale, and was fre-
quently republished.
" Seeing also, as every reader must here see, facts opposed to de-
clamation, and proofs to bare assertion, we cannot conceive our-
selves bi.issed by any kind of prejudice, when we pronounce th.%t
this publication contains a complete and solid answer to Mr. Ei^
skine." — British Critic, Aprils 1797.
A list of his separate publications — speeches, &,q. — will
bo found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. There have been several
collective edits, of his speeches. Speeches, 1S46, r. 8vo.
Speeches, with Memoir by Lord Brougham, 1845, '47, 4
vols. 8vo.
" We take the opinion of the country and of every part of the
world where the languajre is understond, to be that ot the most
unbounded admiration of these exquisite specimens of .Tudicial
Oratory, and of a great obligation to the Editor of the collection."
— Edin. Jfeview. vol. .\ix.
" At the bar Erskine shone with peculiar lustre. There the re-
sources lit his mind were made apparent by instantaneous bui-sts
of eloquence, combining logic, rhetorical skill, and legal precision,
while he ti iumpbed over the passions and prejudices of his hearers
and moulded them to his will."
"As an advocate in the forum I hold him to be without an equal
in ancient or modern times." — Lord Campbell.
Erskine, Thomas, of Linletbau, a member of the
Scottish Bar. 1. Remarks on the Internal Evidence for
the Truth of Revealed Religion, .3d ed., E.lin., 1S21, 12mo.
" The argument from the internal evidence of reliirion, in sup-
port of its truth and suitableness, is very powerfully supported,
though the author uses the phrase natural rdii/vni rather .ambigu-
ously."— Orinn's Bibl. Bib.
2. An Essay on Faith, 3d ed., 1S23, 12mo. An ed., 1S29,
2 vols. 12mo.
"Written in an easier style of argument, and contains more of
scriptni-al statement and explanation. Both works are much fitted
to lie useful." — Utii supra.
The British Critic highly praises both of these produc-
tions. 3. The Unconditional Freeness of the Gospel: in
three Essays, 2d ed., 1828, 12mo. This work e.\cited an
animated controversy. See an account of " The Gairloch
or Row Heresy" in the Eclectic Review for July, 1S30.
4. The Biazen Serpent; or Life coming through Death, 2d
ed., 1831, 12mo. 5. The Doctrine of Election illustrated,
Lon., 1837, 12mo. This useful layman was profoundly
versed in (Jreek and Biblical literature. See Orme's Bibl.
Bib., 174-75.
Erswicke, .Tohn. Benefits of the observation of Fish
Days, Lon., 1642. 4to.
Escheruy, D. D. The Distemper, Lon., 1756, Svo.
Probably the same as David Deschekny, M.D., (/. v.
Esdailc, James, M.D. 1. Chi-istian Theology, Lon.,
8vo. 2. Mesmerism in India; and it« Practical Applica-
tion in Surgery and Medicine, fp. Svo.
"From eight months' mesmei-ic treatment in a country charity-
hospital in 13engal, Dr. Esdaile attests itsetticacy in rendering sur-
gical operations painless, and aiding medical applications in every
form." — Lon. Litrrary Gazette.
3. Letters from the Red Sea, Egypt, and the Continent,
Calcutta, 1839, Svo. 4. Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoy-
ance, 1852, 12mo.
Esliiig, Catherine H. \V., formerly Miss Water-
man, was born in Philadelphia in 1812. In 1840 she was
married to Mr. Esling of Philadelphia. As a contributor
to the periodicals of the day Jliss Waterman obtained great
and deserved celebrity. In 1850 Mrs. Esling pub. The
Broken Bracelet and other Poems, Phil.q., 12mo.
" Her poems are the expressions of a true woman's soul : she
excels in portraying feeling, and in expressing the warm and ten-
der emotions of one to whom home has ever been the lodestar of
the soul. In pathos and delicacy she has few equals."— j«cs. Hales
Woman's Itprnrd.
Espague, John d', a French Protestant divine, mi-
nisterofthe French Church in London (emja. James.I. and
Charles I., pub. several theolog. treatises, 1640-57, the best
known of which is Popular Errors in the knowledge of
Religion, Lon., 1648, Svo.
Espinasse, Isaac, of Gray's Inn. 1. Lawof Actions
and Trials at Nisi Priu.s, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. Svo; 4th ed
1812, 2 vols. Svo; Phila..l791; N. York, 1811, 2 vols. Svo;
1822, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Reports of Cases .at Nisi Prius, Lon.,
1793-1811, 6 vols. r. Svo; Hartford, with Notes by Thomas
Day, 1808, 6 vols. Svo; 1825. 3. Law of Actions on Penal
Statutes, Lon., 1813, r. Svo; 1818, '24; N. York, 1822, Svo.
4. Laws of Actions on Statutes, remedial, penal, Ji:c., Lon.,
1824, r. Svo. 5. Evidence for Trials at Nisi Prius, 2d ed.,
1825, Svo; Phiba., 1822, Svo. 6. Peel's Acts, Ac, Lon.,
1827, Svo. 7. Cases of the County of Dublin, 1827, Svo.
Espinasse, James. Law of Bankrupts as altered
by 6 Geo. IV. c. 16. Lon., 1825, r. Svo.
Espy, James P., b. 1785. in Washington eo., Penna.
The Philosophy ..f Storms. Boston. 1S41, Svo. Mr. Espy
investigates the theories of Col. Reid, Dr. Piddington, Ac.
"As a connected chain of cause and effect in the production of
662
storms and other similar meteors, Mr. Espy's theory is the most
complete that has hitherto been brought forward, and it may be-
come the one adopted to explain a vast mass of meteoroio'gicjil
phenomena." — Lon. Literary Gazcttr.
"Mr. Espy's communication contains a great number of well-
observed and well-described facts. His theory, in the present stata
of science, alone accounts for the phenomena; and, when completed,
as Mr. Espy intends, by the study of the action of electricity when
it intervenes, will leave nothing to be desired. In a word, for phy-
sical geography, agriculture, navigation, and meteorology, it gives
us new explanations, indications useful for ulterior researches,
and redresses many accredited errors." — Conclusion of the Beport
of the AcaiUmy of Sciences ^ Paris) on the labours of J. 'P. Espy, con-
cerning Tornadoes, dc. Chmmittce, Messieurs Arago, Pouilkt, Bi-
binet Heporter.
] Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of. See Capel.
Essex, James, 1723-1784, an eminent English .archi-
tect, a native of Cambridge, pub. some papers in the ArchoeoL
and Bibl. Top. Brit., and two Letters, Ctmb., 1749, Svo;
Lon., 1787, 4to. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Essex, John. 1. Country Dances, Lon., 1710, Svo.
2. The Young Ladies' Conduct, 1 722, Svo.
Essex,RobertDevereux,Earlof. SeeDEVEREux.
I Essex, Walter Uevereux, Earl of. See Df.vereux.
Est, Wm. Serms., Lon., 161], '14, Svo. Lect. on St.
James, 1616, Svo. Pirckheimer's Laus Podagrae trans, into
English, 1617, 4to.
Estcourt, Richard, 166S-1713, a native of Tewkes-
bury, acquired considei'able reputation as a comic aclor,
and is frenuently mentioned in the Tatler and Spectator.
1. Fair E,\ample; a Comedy, 1706, 4to. 2. Prunella; an
Interlude, 4to.
Este, Rev. Charles, 1753-1829, abandoned the stage
for the study of medicine, and the latter for divinity.
1. Tracts on .Medical Subjects, Lon., 1776, Svo. 2. My
own Life. 1787, Svo. 3. A Journey in 1793 through Flan-
ders, Brabant, and Germany, to Switzerland, 1795, Svo.
He was joint editor and proprietor of the periodical called
The World.
Este, John. Eookes of Madrigals, Anthems, Ac.,
1604. '10, 'IS, '24, '38.
Este, M. L. 1. Royal Institution, Ac, Lon., 1810,
Svo. 2. Contagious Dise.ases, Baths, Swimming, Ac, 1812,
Svo.
Este, Michael. Madrigals, Lon., 1604, Ac.
Estey, George. Certaine godly and learned E.xpo-
sitious upon divers parts of Scripture, Lon., 1603, 4to.
Estlin, John I'rior, LL.D., a Unitarian preacher.
Evidences of Revealed Religion. Serms., Discourses, Ac,
1791-1815.
" His sermons were much and ju-stly admired for the classical
purity and elegance of their style; he treated his subjects with
perspicuity, and adorned argument with all the attractions of genu-
ine pathos." Vide Life.
Eston, John. The Falling St.ars; or the Dragon's
bringing down and trampliug upon Heavenly Glory, Lou.,
1663.
Estrange, E'. See L'Estrange.
Estwick, Nicholas. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1633-56.
Estwick, Samuel, LL.D. 1. Serm., Lon., 1696, 4to.
2. Negro Cause, 1772, Svo. 3. Letter to Dean Tucker reh
to the w,ar with America, 1776, Svo.
" Mr. Estwick is an acute reasuner and an entertaining writer;
and a warm and zealous advocate for the Americans." — liich'sBibl.
Amrr. A'uva.
Ethelred. See Ailred of Rievaiix.
Ethelston, Rev. Charles W. Ode, 1803, 4to. The
Suicide; with other Poems, 1804, Svo. Address on Schools,
1812. 4to.
Ethelward, who was alive in 1090, is known by a
history of the .\nglo-Saxons, in four books, ending with
the reign of King Edgar. See Rcrum Anglicanum Scrip-
tores post Bedam pra;cipui, (edited by Savile,) fob, Francf.,
1601, pp. 831-850. Chronicorum Ethehverdi Libri Qua-
tuor. Ethelward's work is of little value:
"The whole is a translation of a very false and imperfect copy
of the Saxon Chronicle: and therefore William of Malmesbuiy has
modestly, out of defence to his family, [the author tells us that he
was descended from Ethelred, the brother of King Alfred.] declined
the giving a character of this writer's performance. If he hiid done
it truly, he ought to have told us that his stile is boisterous, and
that several parts ofhis history are not so much as hardlv sense."
— Bp. Nicols'm's £>(<?. Ui.'it Lib., xl.
Ethelwold, supposed to have been born about 925,
d. 984, a native of Winchester, was called by his contempo-
raries the Father of Monks. In 963 he was consecrated
Bishop of Winchester. He is best known as a writer by
his trans, into Anglo-Saxon of the Rule of Monastic Life,
drawn up in Latin by St. Benedict. Sec Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
Ethelwolf, b. before 770, was an inmate of a small
monastery dependent on the larger one of Lindisfarne.
ETH
EUS
He wrote a metrical history of the abbots and other emi- I
nent persons of his monastery to the time of Egbert,
Bishop of Lindisfarne, 802-S19.
"Ttie only Enj^Iish writer of the beginning of the ninth century
whom we can trace with any d^-trree of certainty, is an Anglo-
Latin poet named Kthelwclf. of whom we have no further informa-
tion than that which is contained in the only one of his poems i
now extant. . . . This poem is valualile chieHy as a document of j
history: but, though it has little merit, it is interesting as the '
oulv specimen we have of the Anglo-Latin poetry of that period." j
— in-iVy/^rs Bing. Brit. Lit., q. v.
Etherege, Sir George, born about 16afi, supposed .
to have died about 16110, is said to have studied for some
time at the University of Cambridge. Whilst yet young
he travelled on the continent, and on his return devoted
some time to legal pursuits. But. like Tom D'Urfey, whom
in many points he greatly resembled, he soon forsook the
Law fur the Drama. In 1064 he produced his comedy of
The Comical Revenge: or, Love in a Tub, 1664, '68,"'69,
*71, '89, '90, '9.S, 4to. Tliis piece was successful, and intro-
duced him into the society of a set of dissolute idlers who
then disgraced English society — the Earl of Dorset, the
Duke of Buckingham, Lord Rochester. Sir Charles Sedley,
Ac. He next brought out the comedy of She Would if '
She Could. 1668, '71, '89, '90. '93, 4to. This was succeeded ;
by his best-known piece, the comedy of The Man of Mode ;
or. Sir Fopling Flutter, 1676, 4to: 1715, Svo.
"It is perhaps the most elegant comedy, and contains more of
the real manners of hi;,'h life than any one the English stage was
ever adorned viWhr—Biog. Dramat.
"Sir George Etherege was as thorough a fop as ever I saw; he
was exactly his own h^ir Fopling Flutter. And yet he designed
Dorimant. the genteel rake of wit, for his own picture."— L. See
Spence's Anecdotes.
In 1722, Svo, appeared a Defence of the Comedy of Sir
Fopling Flutter. He pub. a short prose piece entitled An
Account of the Rejoycing at the Diet of Ratisbonne. per-
formed by Sir George Etherege, Knight, .fee.. Savoy. 1688.
Works, containing his Plays and Poems. Lou., 1704, Svo.
Sir George was resident minister at Ratisbon. and it is said
that after a gay evening party given by him in that city,
he fell down stairs and broke his neck while taking leave
of his guests. Gibbon, indeed, asserts that he returned to
England after the Revolution, and died there. The ac-
counts also differ as regards the manner in which he came
to be knighted,- but these are matters of small moment.
He seems to have been equally devoid of principle and
careless of propriety, without any just sense of religion or
morality, and one of those abandoned writers who. by
public proclamation of their licentiousness and indecency,
may be truly said to "glory in their shame."
Even the Biog, Dramat. — by no means a rigid critic —
acknowledges that
_ " Uis works have not escaped censure, on account of that licen-
tiousness which in the general runs through them, which renders
them dangerous to young, unguarded minds; and the more so for
the lively and genuine wit with which it is gilded over, and which
has therefore justly banished them from the purity of the present
stage."— r&i. /., rart 1, 223.
Would that of such troubles to society wo had seen the
last!
Etherington, Rev. George. General Cautions in
the Cure of Fevers, Lon., 176t», Svo. This is a compila-
tion from the writings of Dr. Huxham and other eminent
physicians.
*'Such a compilation, however judicious, can avail but little in
supplying the want of a regular medical education." — Lon. Montldy
Rev., xxiii. 2S1. ITiJO.
Etheriugtou, George F., M.D. 1. Essays. Medi-
cal and Scieutilie, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. Vivisection Vindi-
cated, 1842, Svo.
"Dr. Etherington. hy the labour he has bestowed, the keen
observation, and calm, criti-al judgment, has evidently proved
himself a man of t^Uent." &q.— Nottingham Review.
Etherington, Thomas. Fast Serm.. 1S08. Svo.
Ethryg, or Etheridge, or. in Latin, Edrycus, ad-
mitted of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., lo.'U. was made Pro-
bationer Felh.w in 15:i9, and Regius Prof of Greek in
1553. Acta Henrici Oetavis Carmine Gra'co. Eneidos,
Ac., 1553. Svo. He trans, the Psalms into Hebrew verse,
trans, the works of Justin Martyr into Latin, and pub. a
vol. of Commentaries on Paulu? iEginete, 1588, 8vo. He
was a zealous Roman CathuHe, and had under his charge
a number of youth of his own persuasion.
'* Esteemed a nnt+-d mathematician, wt-Il skilled in vocal and
instrumental music, an eminent Uebritian. Grecian, and poet,
and, above all, an excellent physician. . . . John Leland, who
was his familiar friend, did celebrate his memory by verse while
he lived, and told him thus:
' Scripsisti. juvenis. multa cum laude libellos.
Qui regi eximie perplacuere meo.'" — AVien. Ozrm.
Eton, Wni., long a resident in Turkey and Russia.
1. A Survey of the Turkish Empire, Lon., 1798, '99, 1801,
'09, Svo.
"A work remarkable for nothing but the enthusiasm with which
the author maintains the necessity of bringing about the restora-
tion of the Greeks."* — Lfuciides" !^ Bitil. Man.
2. Materials for Hist, of People of Malta, pub. in Nos.,
1802-07, Svo. 3. Commerce and Navigation of the Black
Sea, 1806, Svo ; anon. 4. Letter on the PoUtical Relations
of Russia, 1807, Svo.
EtOUgh, Henry, Rector of TherBeld, Hertfordshire.
Letter to the Author of Christianity not founded on Argu-
ment, Lon., 1742, Svo., pp. 43.
Ettrick, Henry. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1740.
Ettrick, Rev. W. 1. The Second Exodus, Lon.,
ISIO, 2 vols. Svo; lSll-12. 3 vols. Svo; 1815, 3 vols. Svo.
2. The Season and Time, 1S16, Svo. These works relate
to Scriptural prophecy.
Euderbie. See Enderbie, Percy.
Euer, or Ever, Sampson, King's Attorney in the
Marches of Wales, and King's Serjeant. Doctrina Placi-
tandi, ou Part et science de Bon Pleading, Lon., 1677, 4to;
Dubl., 1791, Svo.
"The good sense and sound logick of modern times has substi-
tuted for the artitici;tl pedantry and narrow maxims nfthe dark ages
of the law. rules which commend themselves to all men by their in-
trinsick propriety and excellence for deciding contested rights. The
bestancient treatise on the subject is Mr.Kuer's Doctrina I'lacitandi,
a book which Lord Chief Justice Willes pronounced in bis time
to contain more law and learning than any other book he knew,
(2 Wils. R. SS;,) yet what is this, when compared with the finished
elementar}' and practical treatises of Mr. Lawes or Mr. Chitty?
It were indeed desirable that modern pleaders should endeavour
to imitate more generally the pointed brevity and precision of
Rastall's Kntries, and waste fewer words in their drafts of decla^
rations, which
' Like a wounded snake drag their slow length along.*
"It might not be useless for them to consider, that the great aim
ought to be. not how much, but how little, may be inserted with
professional safety-"" — Judge Stoby. in a rtvitw <>/ Hoffman's Legal
Studg, i\'. Amer. Rev.. fUo-78, A'"r. 1S17.
Let every member of the legal profession carefully peruse
this valuable paper.
A system of Pleading, including a Trans, of the Doctrina
Placitandi, By a Gentleman of the Middle Temple, 1771, 4to.
Eunson, G. The Ancient and Present State of Ork-
ney, and Poems. Newc. upon Tyne, 1788, 12mo.
Eusden, Lawrence, d. 1730, a son of the Rev. Dr.
Eusden, Rector of Spotsworth. Yorkshire, after receiving
his education at Trin. Cull., Camb., went into orders, and
was for some time chaplain to Richard, Lord M'illoughby
de Broke. He found warm friends in Lord Halifax, whose
poem Ou the Battle of the Boyne he trans, into Latin, and
in the Duke of Newcastle, whose marriage to Lady Godol-
phin he celebrated in an Epithalamium, which raised the
author to the laureatesbip in 1718. He pub. a number of
occasional poems, contrilmted a few pieces to the Spectator
and Guartlian, and left in MS. a trans, of the works of
Tasso, with a life of the poet. Some specimens of his
poetical abilities will be found in Nichols's Poems. Of
course he did not wear the honours of the laurel without
eliciting the enmity of his brother poets. Pupe put him
in the Duncind, Oldmixon attacked him in his Art of Logic
and Rhetoric, and Cooke thus refers to him in The Battle
of the Poets ;
" Kusden. a laurel'd baid. by fortune mis'd.
By few been read, by fewer still been prais'd."
We are sorry to learn, from a letter of Gray's to Mason,
that Eusden injured his mind by the great enemy of poets
— the "generous bottle." The Duke of Buckingham, in
his Session of the Poets, implies that the fame of the poet-
laureate was rather circumscribed:
"In rushed Eusden, and cried. -Who shall have it
But T. the true laureat. to whom the king gave it?'
Apollo beggd pardon, and granted his claim.
But Tow'd that till then he ne'er had heard Lis name."
Eustace, Evans. Serms., 1747, 4to.
Eustace, John Chetwode, a R. Catholic divine,
travelled in Italy in the capacity of a tutor. He died of a
fever at Naples, 1815, whilst making a second tour through
Italy. 1. Elegy to Burke. 1797, 4to. 2. Answer to the
Charge of the Bp. of Lincoln, 1818. 4to. 3. Classical Tour
through Italy, Lon., 1S13, 2 vols. 4to ; 4th ed., ISlo, 4 vols.
Svo; 6th ed., with addits., 1821. 4 vols. Svo.
■'Mr. Eustace's work is very full and minute in the subject
which the title indicates. It is written in good taste, but in
rather a prolix style; his statements, however, are not always to
be depended upon, especially where his ptilitical or religious opinions
intervene." — .SYtTcii,wH's Voyages and Travds.
"One of the most inaccurate and unsatisfiictory writers that
have in our times attained a temporary reputation." — Sir John
Cam IIobhovse,
Yet the tour of Mr. Eustace is well worth perusal, and
the reader should then take up A Classical Tour through
503
EUS
EVA
Italy and Sicily — tending to illustrate some Districts which
have not been described bj Mr. Eustace in his Classical
Tour— by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., 1819, 2 vols. 4to.
Au ed. in 3 vols. Svo.
'' It has been a topic of genei-al regret in the literary world, that
Mr. Kustace did not live to furnish the Supplementary Volume to
his Classical Tour, so as to form a complete work on the present
and past state of Italy, for which he was enjjaged in collecting
materials at the period of his premature decease. But what Mr.
Eustace did not live to accomplish. Sir Richard Colt Iloare has
executed, and in such a manner as. it is hoped, will be at once
acceptiible to the public, and gratifying to ttie numerous friends
of Mr. Eustace, as a tribute of respect to his genius and of affec-
tion to his memory."'
4. Letters from Paris to George Petre, Esq.
Eustace, John Skey, d. 1S05, aged 45, a military
officer during the Amerieiin Revolution, after the war re-
sided for some time in Georgia, where he received the
appointment of Adjutant-General. In 1794 he visited
France, and, entering the army, became Major-Genernl.
In 1797 he commanded a division of the French Army in
Flanders. He returned to America in 1800. and, settling
in Orange county, N. York, devoted his attention to lite-
rary pursuits until his death in 1805, at Newburgh. Ac-
count of his Exile from the Kingdom of Great Britain by
order of the Duke of Portland, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Eustace, Sir Maurice. 1. Letter from rel. to Irish
Parliament, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Letter from rel. to Ireland,
1642. 4to.
Evance, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1646 ; do., 1695, 4to.
Ivsta Honoraria; or. Funeral Rites in honour of Robert,
Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to, in verse.
Evance, Miss S. Poems, 1808, Svo.
Evander, John. A Vuyage round the World; or, A
Pocket Library, Lon., Svo.
Evanke, George, incumbent of Ayton Magna, York-
shire, ejected for Nonconformity. 1662. Serm., 1663, 4to.
Evans, Abel, of St. John's Coll., Oxf., enjoyed great
reputation as an epigrammatist. Some of his poems will be
found in Nichols's Select Collection. Sec especially the
satire on Tindal, entitled The Apparition, and Vertumnus,
an Epistle to Mr. Jacob Bobart, 1713. Evans is mentioned
in the Duuciad, and he is classed among the Oxford wits
in the following couplet:
"Alma Doveui genuit celebres P.hedycina poetas;
But Stubb. Cobb. Crabb. Trapp, Young, Carey. Tickell. Evans."
Evans, Rev. Alfred Bowen. Christianity in its
Homely Aspects, 1852. 12mo.
Evans, Arise, or Rice, or, according to Wood. John,
■was a Welsh conjurer and astrologer, of whom many won-
derful stories have been related. Watt enumerates nine
pieces of his, and Wood refers to some almanacs, &c. See
Bibl. Brit.. Athen. Oxon., and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Bishop Warburtun treats Evans as a prophet, and in
1751 (12mo) pub. An Account of the Prophecies of Arise
Evans, the Welsh Prophet, in the last century. This
publication injured the bishop's literary reputation con-
siderably.
Evans, Arthur B. Serms. on the Christian Life and
Character, Lon., 1832, Svo.
'• There is a strength and vigour in his delineations, and an effi-
caciousne.^s in his arguments, whic-h will bear comparison with
the most splendid specimens of our old, sterling, matter-of-fact
theologians." — Lon. Vhris. Sememb.
Other works.
Evans, C. See Evans, Oliveii.
Evans, Caleb, D.D., 1737-1791, a Baptist minister,
a native of Bristol, England, pub. several serms., »fec., and
some pieces on the war between Great Britain and the
American Colonies. See Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Rich's
Bibl. Amer. Nova.
A Letter to the Rev. John Wesley, occasioned by his
Calm Address to the American Colonies; new ed., Lon.,
1775, 12mo; 1st ed. pub. under the signature of Ameriea-
nus. A sup. to 1st ed., by another party, was pub. in 1775.
A Reply to the Rev. Mr. Fletcher's Vindication of Rev.
Mr. Wesley's Calm Address, Bristol, 1776, 12mo.
"Mr. Evans is a livt-ly and sensibi,- advnrati* for the freedom
of the colonies, a spirited controvertiNl. and :i z. al-ms assptt.-r of
those liberal and noble principles to wliiih «.> wim.- iri<icM.d f-r the
glorious revolution," &c. See Kich'sliiti], Amer. Nova. 177ij. No. 79,
Evans, Charles. Trial of Judge Chase, Bait., 1805,
Svo.
Evans, Christmas. Serms.; a new trans, from the
Welsh; and Memoir of. by Kcv. Joseph Cross, Phila., 1854.
Svo. Memoirs of, by I>. Phillips, N. York. Memoirs of,
by D. R. Stephen. Lon., 12mo.
Evans, I). I^,, t^t.-Col,, is the signature appended to
Facts relating to the Capture of Washington, &c., Lou.,
1829, Svo. B , y ,
5&i
Evans, David, Serm., 1808, Svo.
Evans, Mrs. E. H. Poems, with a Preface by her
brother, the Rev. Thomas IL Stockton, Pliila., 1851, l"2mo.
Evans, Edmund C, M.D. Trans, from the French,
General Notions of Chemistry, by J. Pelouze and E. Fremy,
Phila., 1854. 12mo.
Evans, Edward. Sub. of 4 Serms., Oxon., 161.5, 4to.
Evans, Evan, 1730-1790. a Welsh divine and poet,
was educated at Jesus Coll., Oxf. Dissortalin de Bardis;
or, Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh
Bards, trans, into English, with Notes, &c. The Love of
Our Country; a Poem, with Hist. Notes, 1772, 4to. Some
of his pieces are in the Diddaniock Tenluaidd. He trans,
two vols, of Serms., by Tillotson and others, into Welsh.
Evans, Rev. G. >V. D. 1. Classic and Connoisseur
in Italy and Sicily, with an abridged trans, of Lanzi's
Storia Pittorica, Lon., 1835, 3 vols. Svo. This work should
be added to the classical tours of Eustace and Hoare, {ri'fe
ante.) 2. Lanzi's Luminaries of Painting, trans, and
abridg. from the Italian, 1848, p. Svo.
Evans, Hu^h. Serms., 1773, '81.
Evans, Hugh Davy, LL.D., b. 1792, in Baltimore.
1. Essay on Pleading, Bait., 1827, Svo. 2. Maryland
Common-Law Practice. 1839, Svo. 3. Essays to Prove
the Validity of Anglican Ordinations, 1844. 12mo. 4.
Second Series, 1851, 2 vols. 5. Essay on the Episcopate
of the Prot. Epis. Church of the U.S. of America, Phila.,
1855, 12mo. Ed. of and contrib, to several Epis. journals.
Evans, Israel, d. 1817, aged 59, minister of Concord,
N. Hampshire, was a native of Pennsylvania, where his
father and grandfather were divines. He graduated at
Princeton College, 1772, was ordained, 177G, and served
in the Revolutionary War as chaplain ; minister at Con-
cord, 1789-97. He pub. three sermons and an oration,
1780, "83. '91, &Q.
Evans, J. Conjugation of French Verbs, Lon., 1795,
Svo.
Evans, James Harrington, 17S5-1S49, Baptist
minister of John Street Chapel, London. 1. Dialogues
on the Trinity, Lon., 1819, Svo. Subsequently disapproved
of and suppressed by the author. 2. Letters to a Friend,
12mo. 3, Serms. on the Spirit of Holiness, 4th ed., 18159,
12 mo.
" Every page is calculated to awaken prayer and holy meditation.
We cordially recommend it." — Lon. Christian Lafb/s SSay.
4. Letters, 32mo. 5. Serm., 1837. 6. Psalms and Hymns,
18mo. 7. Checks to Infidelity, 1840, 18mo. See notices
in Lon. New Method. Mag., and the Evangel. Mag. 8.
Vintage Gleanings, 1849, r. 32mo,- 2ded.. 1850. Memoirs
and Remains of. by his son, the Rev. J. J. Evans, 1852, Svo.
Evans, John. Almanacke for 1631, Lon., 12mo.
Evans, John. The Universnll Medicine; or, Vertuea
of the Antimoniall Cup, Lon., 1634, 12mo.
Evans, John, Rector of St. Ethelborough, London.
Senn. on Phil. iv. 5. 1682, 4to.
Evans, John, D.D., 1680-1730, a disseniing divine»
a native of Wrexham, Denbighshire, became assistant, and
subsequently successor, to Daniel Williams, in London.
Ho pub. occasional serms., letters, kc, 1704-27, but is best
known by Discourses concerning the Christian Temper:
3S Serms.. 4th ed., 1729, 2 vols. Svo; 1738, '52, '55, "70,
1802, '12. with Life, by Dr. John Erskine, 1825, Svo. Few
works have been so highly commended.
''That most excellent Treatise called Christian Temper, which
my worthy friend Dr. Kvans bath sent almiad. and which is, per-
haps, the most complete summary of those duties which make up
the Christian life, that hath been published in our age." — Dr.
Wtittii's Sfrmons.
'* Evans's style is grave, plain, manly, and nervous. Ilis Chris-
tian Temper is one of the best practical pieces in our language.'' —
Dr. Doddridije.
'• A course of excellent sermons on that subject." — Dr. E. Wil-
liaTns's C. P.
" His sermons fully discuss various points of Christian temper;
not enough of the Saviour iu them." — Biclerstclh's C. .V.
Evans, John. The Case of Kneeling at the Holy
Sacrament stated and resolved, Pt. 1, Lou., 1(>S3, 4to; Pts.
1 and 2. 1684, '85, 4to. Serm., 1695, Svo, on the Death of
Queen Mary.
Evans, John, of Elwell. Serm., 1718, Svo.
Evans, John. Serm., Lon., 1751.
Evans, John. Cyssondel y Pedair Etfengyl; gyd ag
agoriad hyrra Nodau Athrawas; or, A Harmony of the
Four Gospels; in Welsh. With an Expos., Annot., and
Introduc, Lon., 1764, Svo.
Evans, John, M.D. The Bees, a Poem, Lon., 1806-
13, 4to. Con. to Med. Com., 177S-S5.
Evans, John. 1. Tour through part of North Wales
in 1798 and at other Times, Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Letters
EVA
EVA
written during a Tour through South Wales in 1803 and
at other Times, 1S04, Svo.
'•These works are valuable for botanical ioformation as well as
for desciiptions of scenery, manners, agriculture, manufactures,
antiquities, &c., and for mineralogy." — Stevenso7is Voyages and
Travels.
3. A Discourse, 1804, Svo. 4, The Ponderer; a series of
Essays, 1812. 12mo. 5. Remains of Mr. Reed, with Life,
&c-., 1816, Svo.
Evans, John, LL.D., 1767-1827, a Baptist minister.
a native of Usk, Monmouthshire, was from 1792 to 1827
pastor of a congregation of General Baprists, Worship St.,
London. He pub. many serms.. theolog. and other works,
for a list of which, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Gont. Mag.,
xevii.. Pt. 1, 369. In 17it7 he pub. An Attempt to account
for the Infidelity of the late Mr. Gibbon; founded on his
own Jlemoirs, Svo. His best-known work is A Brief Sketch
of the different Denominations into which tlie Christian
Wurld is divided, 1794, 12mo. From this date to the death
of the author fourteen eds., comprising IIIO.UOO copies, were
sold. The 15th cd. was revised by the author immediately
before his death, and pub. in the same year, 18mo. The '
18th ed. was pub. in 1841, fp. Svo. It has been trans, into
Welsh, and various continental languages, and several eds.
have been pub. in the United States of America. Unfor-
tunately the author sold the copyright fur only ten pounds !
■■ lint his frii-nds have administered to bim a negative cnnsola-
tion, by remindin'^ him that a similar sum was paid fur the copy-
right of Watts's Hymns, as well as of that gigantic product of hu-
man genius, Paradise Lost." — Author's dedication of the 1-ith ed. to
Lord ErslHne.
A correction is required here, which we leave to the reader
to supply.
In 1825, Svo, was pub. a collection of Dr. Evans's Ser-
mons, Funeral Orations, and Tracts.
'• We rejoice to see the diffusion of works breathing such a catho-
lic ppiiit towards the seventl dennminatious of Christians, and such
a Iienevolent tenipei towards all the human race." — L"n. M'-n. Ri:p.
Evans, Katherine. Sufferings of K. E. and Sarah
Chevers in the luiiuisition at Malta. 1(j62. 4to. History
of the Voyage of K. E. and S. C. to Maltn. with their Suf-
ferings in the Inquisition there for near lour Years, 1715.
Evans, Lewis. Theolog. treatises, 1565-1621.
Evaus, Lewis, d. 1756, a surveyor in Pennsylvania.
Map of the MidiUe Colonies, &c., 1749; 2d ed., 1755.
Geograph., Hist., PoUt., Philos., and Mechanical Essays,
2d ed., Phila., 1755, 4to; do.. No. IL, Lon., 1756. 4to. A
new ed. of Evans's Map was pub. in 1776 by Mr. Pownall.
Evans, ^'athaniel, 1742-1767, a minister in New
Jersey, was a native of Philadelphia. Poems on several
occasions, a serm., &c., 1772. Account of T. Godfrey;
prefixed to Godfrey's Poems.
Evans, Oliver, 175o-I819. a native of Pennsylvania,
was a descendant of Evan Evans, D.D.. the first Episcopal
minister of Philadelphia, who died in 1728. Mr. Evans
had an iron foundry, steam mill, &c., and made several im-
provements in mechanics. The Young Engineer's Guide,
1805. Miller and Millwright's Guide, 1797, 1807, 25 plates ;
I4th ed., with addits. and corrections by Thomas P. Jones ;
with a descriptiun of an improved Merchant Flour Mill,
by C. and 0. Evans, Phil.a.. 1853, Svo.
Evans, R. H. Old Ballads, Historical and Narrative,
Ac, with Notes. Collected by Thomas Evans, Lon., 1777,
2 vols. Svo ; 1784, 12mo. Kevised by his son, R. H. Evans,
1810, 4 vols. Svo,
Evans, Robert. Serm., 1771, 4to.
Evans, Robert. The Dream; or Noble Cambrians,
ISOl, 2 vols. 12mo.
Evans, Robert H. A Letter on the Expediency of
a Reform in Parliament. Lon., 1817, Svo.
Evans, Robert U'ilson, Rural Dean, Vicar of He-
versham. and late Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. Biography
of the Early Church. 1st and 2d series, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Serms., 1830. Svo. Serms.. 1832. Svo. Tales of the An-
cient British Church, 2d ed., 1841, 12mo. Parochial Serms.,
1844, 2 vols, 12mo ; 2d ed., 1845, '46, 2 vols. 12mo. Bish-
opric of Souls, 3d ed., 1844. 12mo.
" Earnest and awakening, but with partial views."— SiciersfcWs
as.
Ministry of the Body, 1847, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, fp. Svo.
Parochial Sketches in Verse, 1850, 12mo. Rectory of Vale-
head, 15th ed., 1852, 12mo.
"Universally and drdially do we recommend this delightful
Tolunie. We believe no person could read this work and not be
the better for its pious and touchinf; lessons. — Lim. Literary Gaz.
Mr. Evans has written a number of other u.«eful works.
Evans, Smith. Geology Made Easy ; a CuluuredChart
of the Strata pierced by the Artesian Well at Pcntonville,
shewing the various Strata upon which London is built,
commonly known as the London Basin, Lon., 1851.
" This Chart, which is 15 by 22 inches in size, shews the order in
which the different strata of the earth lie upon each other, with
their character, localities, and organic remains: a section of the
Artesian Well, and of the Loudon Uasin, and representations of
the tbssils found in the deposits. It may be considered a good
compendium of the geoloj^ical informalinn of the present day."
Evans, Theopliilus. Drych y Prif CEsoedd, (Mir-
rour of the Days of Yore,) 1716, 12mo. Highly commended.
Now a rare vnUnue.
Evans, Theophilus. The History of Modern En-
thusiasm, from the Reformation to the present time, Lon.,
1752, Svo.
Evans, Thomas. (Edipus, in three Cantos, 16-5.
Evans, Thomas. Refutation of Linguefs Memoirs
of the Ba^tilc. 1 783. Svo, Letter to Earl of Sandwich. 1 791.
Evans, Thomas, 1742-1784, an intelligent bookseller
of London, pub. a collection of Ballads, (see Evans, R. H.,)
and issued new eds., with dedications, of a number of
valuable works. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes; Gent.
Mag., 1784.
Evans, Thomas. Cambrian Itinerary, Lon., 1801,
Svo. Hist, of the Ancient Britons. In Welsh, 1804, '10,
12mo. Eng. and Wel^h Vocabulary ; with a Welsh Gram-
mar by Thomas Richards, 1804, '10, 12mo, An ed. by
Wm. Evans, Carmarthen, 1771, Svo.
Evans, Thomas, of Philadelphia. Exposition of
the Faith of the Society of Friends. Selected from their
early writings, Phila., 1828, 8vo: Lon., 1829, Svo.
Evans, W, J., M.D. The Sugar Planter's Manual,
Lon., 1847, Svo.
'• Dr. Evans's masterly work is full of the most valuable infor-
mation for the planter, and will certainly become immediately the
text-book and standard work of reference on sutrar-manulacture.
It should be in the hands of every overseer, book-keeper, and at-
torney, who ciinnot fail to profit by a careful and frequent study
of its contents." — G'lunial Moi/.
2. Treatise on Endemic Fevers of the West Indies, Svo,
Evans, Wm. Thamesiades, or Chastities Triumph,
1602, Svo.
Evans, Wm. Serm., Oxon.. 1633. 4to.
Evaus, Wm. Trans, of Grotius's Treatise concerning
the Law of War and Peace, Lon., 1715, 3 vols. Svo.
" The store.? of erudition recommend it to the classical scholar,
while his h.appy application to human life dmws to it the attention
of common i-eaders." — Crari.es Bl'tler.
" Such richness and splendour of literature have a powerful
charm." — M.ackintosh.
Evans, Wm. David. 1. Salkeld's Reports K. B., 6th
ed.. 1793. 3 vols. r. Svo. 2. Money on Law of Insurances,
&c., 1802. Svo. Edited by F. X. Martin. Newbern, 1SU2,
Svo. 3. Decisions of Lord Mansfield in Civil Causes, 1802,
2 vols. 4to. Arranged upon the plan of Blackstone. 4. Po-
thier on Law of Obligations, 1806, 2 vols. 5. Letter to
Sir S. Romilly on the Revision of the B.ankrupt Laws,
1810, Svo. 6. Letters on the Disabilities of R. Catho-
lics and the Dissenters, 1813, Svo. 7. Practice of the C.
Pleas. Lancaster. Lon., 1814, Svo. 8. Acts rel. to the Clergy,
with Notes, 1817, Svo. 9. Collection of Statutes, 1818, 8
vols. Svo ; 3d ed.. continued to 1835, by A. Hammond and
T. C. Granger, 1829-36, 10 vols. Svo.
Evanson, Edward, 1731-1805, educated at Emanuel
Coll., Camb., became Vicar of South Mimms in 1768. and
two years later Rector of Tewkesbury. In 1771 he was
prosecuted for some sentiments expressed by him in a ser-
mon on the Resurrection, and in 1778 he resigned his liv-
ings and became head of a school. Relieved from all
restraint, he soon evinced the most determined opposition
to several prominent doctrines of Christianity, and is
generally styled an infidel.
1. The Doctrines of a Trinity and Incarnation examined,
1772; anon. 2. Three Discourses, 1773, Svo, 3. Letter to
Dr. Hard on the Prophecies, 1777, '92, Svo. 4. The Sab-
bath, 1792, 8vo. 5. Dissonance of the four generally re-
ceived Evangelists, and the Evidence of their authenticity
examined, 1792, Svo. Completely refuted by Thomas Fal-
coner in his Certain Principles, <fec., 1811, Svo. 6. Letters
to Dr. Priestley's Young Man. 1794, Svo. 7. State of Re-
ligion in Christendom, 1804. Svo. 8. Second Thoughts on
the Trinity, 1805, Svo. See Lon. Monthly Mag., 1805;
Gent. Mag., 1805; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes.
Evanson, Rev. R. M, Evelyn's Rational Account
of the True Religion, now first pul). from the original MS.
in the library at Wotton, edited with Notes by R. M. E,,
1850, 2 vols. p. Svo. See Evklyn. John.
Evanson, Wm. Alleyn, Lecturer of St. Luke's, Old
Street, London. Infidel Credulity, Lon., 1826, Svo. Apo-
logy for the Modern Theology of Protestant Germany; a
trans, of a Review of Mr. Rose's Discourses by Dr. Bret-
schneider, 1 827, Svo. See Dr. Pusey's work on the same sub-
ject, and Mr. Rose's comments thereon. Trans, of Knittel's
665
EVA
EVE
New Criticisms on 1 John v. 7, 1829, Svo.
IntroiUic. to the N. Test,; Lun. Ei-lectic Kiv.. 'M &enes, , oi uie iii.i.i-,i,ui. >. ^^ ..>.^...,-~. -. --■■ = - ,1,7;' ,V" =
Bibl. Bib.; Orme ou the Heavenly W,t- to h„ve been written by a French NobleuKm 651 6mo.
See IIiLllam s Introdue.
llorne'i
iii. 81
nessep.
Evarts, Jeremiah, 1781-1831, secretary of the Amer.
Bd. of Cora, f.ir Foreign Missions, a native of Vermont,
was from 1810-20 c.litor of The Panoplist. a religious and
lilernrv monthly publication. He wrote 24 css.ays under
the signature of Willium. on the rights and claims of the
Indians, pub. in 1829. He edited the volume of Speeches
on the Indian Bill, and wrote the Introduction. See Dis-
courses on Evarts, by Dr.s. Woodand Spring ; Miss. Herald,
Oct. and Nov., ISIU; Memoirs of Jeremiah Evarts, Bos-
ton. 1845, 8vo.
Evarts, Rev. W. W. 1. Bible Manual. 2. Pastor s
Hand-Book. 3. The Bible Prayer Book. 4. Scripture
School Reader; in c.mjunction with W. H. Wykoff.
Eveleigh, John, D.D., 1747-1814. Provost of Oriel
Coll., 0.\f. and Preb. of Rochester. The Trinity. 1791, 8vo.
Serms. preached before the Univ. of Oxford. 1792, Svo;
do., 1810, 8vo. Eight Sermons, preached at the Bampton
Lecture, 1792, Svo. Plurality of Persons in the Godhead
proved, 1797, Svo. Scrra. on 27th Ps., 1806, 8vo. Serms.
before the Univ. of Oxford, with those at Bampton Lecture.
'■ He tre.its them [the topics] with a degree of weight aud solidity
which shows that what he writes is the fruit of de>*p retlectioD. and
which arrests the attention of the considering reader. There is a
character of sound reasoning, a manner of sober discussion, which
never quits the author. One of his recommendations is the total
absence of all ostentatious diisplay of erudition."— ion. Quurleiiy
}ievi€w.
Eveleigh, Josiah. Reply to Pierce, Lon., 1719, Svo.
Eveline, Robert. Direction for Adventurers, and
true description of tlie healthiest, pleasantest, and richest
Plantation of New Alliion, in North Virginia, in a letter
from Mayster Robert Eveline, that lived there many years,
1641, sm. 4to. Litjer rarissimus.
Evelyn, Charles. Ladies' Recreation ; or. The Plea-
sure and Profit of Gardening improved, Lon., 1707, '11, '19,
Svo. In German, Leipsic, 1756, Svo.
Evelyn, Sir John. Report from the Committee rel.
to Lord Digby's Speech on the attainder of Strafford, 1641,
4to.
Evelyn, John, 1620-1705-6, was a son of Richard
Evelyn, of Wotton, in the county of Surrey, where John
was born on the 31st of October. After preparatory studies
at Lewes and Southover, he was placed in 1637 as a fellow
commoner at Balliol Coll., Oxf. He entered college, as he
tells us with much modesty,
'• Rather out of .')hame of abiding longer at school than any fit-
ness, as by sad exp.3rience I found, which put me to releam all
that I had neglected, or but perfunctorily gained."
On leaving college ho removed to the Middle Temple,
and h.ad been there but a short time when he lost his father.
Anxious to see something of foreign countries, he deter-
mined to visit the continent, whence he returned after an
absence of three months. In 1643 he again left home, and
for a number of years resided in France, and other parts
of Europe, occasionally making a short visit to England.
In January, 1651, '52 he settled permanently in the latter
country, residing at Say's Court, near Dcptford, formerly
the seat of his father-in-law. Sir Richard Browne, British
resident at the court of France.
At the time of his marriage to Miss Browne, in 1647, at
Paris, she had not attained her 14th year, and seems to h.ave
been a grateful and docile pupil in the course of education
prescribed by the groom, now in his 27th year, and one of
the most accomplished men of his day. She survived him
about three years, and thus commemorates his devotion :
" Ilis care of my education was such .as might become a father,
a lover, a friend, and husband, for instruction, tenderness, affec-
tion, and fidelity, to the last moment of his life, which obligation
I mention with"a gratitude to his memory ever dear to me; and I
must not omit to own the sense I have "of my parents' care and
goodness iu placing me in such worthy hands."
Indeed, the character of this excellent man, placed as
he was amidst the corrupting influence of a most unprin-
See Michaelis's I of Evelyn will be found iu the Biog. Brit. We notice some
Rev , .".d Series, , of tlie principal. 1. A character of England, purporting
' " ■ 1 written by a French
_ to Lit. Hist. 2. Fumifugium
or. The Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London
dissipated ; together with some remedies humbly proposed.
This was addressed to Charles II., and pub. by his com-
m.and. 3. Tyrannus ; or. The Mode, in a Discourse of
Sumptuary Laws, 1661, Svo. 4. Sculptura; or. The His-
tory and Art of Chalcography and Engraving on Copper;
with an ample enumeration of the most renowned Masters
and their Works, 4c., 1662, Svo; 2d ed., with Life of the
Author, 1755, ]2ino. This work was written at the re-
peated request of Robert Boyle. 5. Sylva ; or, A Discourse
of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his
Majesty's Dominions: to which is annexed Pomona; rel.
to Fruit Trees, 1664, fob : 2d ed., 1669; 3d ed., with addits.
and improvements, 1679, fob; 4th ed., 17U6, fol; 5th ed.,
1729; new ed., by Dr. Hunter, of York, with Notes and
Engravings, 1776, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed., to which Terra, a
Philosophical Discourse on Earth, is added, 17S6, 2 vols. 4to;
4th improved ed., 1812, 2 vols. 4to; 6th improved ed.. 1825,
2 vols. 4to. This work was written by the command of,
and was the first book pub. by, the Royal Society. It was
elicited by certain
"Queries propounded to that illustrious assembly, the honour-
able the principal Officers and Commissioners of the Navy.''
Apprehensions were entertained that the cultivation of
large trees was so much neglected, that in a short time it
would Ik; diEBcult or impossible to procure sufficient timber
for the purposes of the Navy. Evelyn made an earnest
appeal to the nation to treat this important subject with
duo regard. His work was eminently successful. In the
new dedication to Charles II., 2d ed., 1669—5 years after
the publication of the Isl ed.— Evelyn tells the king
"It has Ijeen the snle occasion for furnishing your almost ex-
hausted dominions with more, I dare say, than two millions of
timber-trees, besides infinite others, which have been propagated
wifbin the three nations, at the instigation and by the direction
of this work," &c.
The famous Dr. Wotton declares
'• It may therefore, perhaps, lie esteemed a small character of Mr.
Evelyn's 'discourse ot forest-trees to say, that it out-does all that
Theophrastus and Pliny have left us on that subject; for it not
only does that and a great deal more, but contains more useful
urecepts, hints, and discoveiies, upon that now so necessary a pirt
'_ " ... .. .- ii ii,^ 1.) l...^ +111 +Vi.iTi L-nrMrn frn- Jill
of our Hes Kusticn. than the world had fill then known, for all
the observations of former ages. To name others after him would
be a derogation to his performance."— ifc/iecdmis on Ancient and
Modern Learning.
" The ■ Sylv.V has no beauties of style to recommend it, and none
of those felicities of expression by which the writer stamps upon
your memory his meaning in all its force. Without such charuLS,
■Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his
Maiestv's Dominions' might appear fo promise dry entertainment;
but he' who opens the volume is led on insensibly from page to
na-e and catches something of the delight which made the author
en&r with his whole heart and all his fcculties into the subject.
It is a great repository of all that was then known concerning
tlie' forest trees of Great Brifain, their growth and culture, and
their uses and .ju.alitles, real or imaginary ; and he has enlivened
it with .all the pertinent facts and anecdotes which occurred to
him in his reading."— Robert Soutmev : Lon. Quart. Renew. xi.\. 4i .
■■While Britain retains her awful situation among the nations
of Europe, the Svlva of Evelyn will endure with her triumphant
oaks It was a'n author in his studious retreat, who, casling a
pronbetic eve on the age we live in. secured the late victnius ■<!
our national sovereignty. Inquire at the .\dmira ty how the fleets
of Nels,m have been constructed, and they can tell you that it was
with the oaks which the genius of Evelyn planted."— ZJisraefn
Curiosities of Literature. .
'• Tobii Evelyn did perhaps more than any of our early writers
to promote and strengthen that taste for rural occupations, among
the enlightened classes, which has now happily become a nafioual
characteristic." , , i. , ,
■■ Say's Court was afterwards the residence of the celebrated
Evelyn, whose 'Sylva' is still the manu.al of British planters, and
whose life, manners, and principles, as illustrated in his Jleuioirs,
ought equally to be the manual of English gentlemen. —Sir
Walteb Scott: A'eniTieort/i. _
'■ A dili"ent perus,al of this noble work may animate our nobility
and gentry to improve their estates by the never-failing methods
therein recommended. All persons, indeed, who are owners of
I land may find infinite delight, as well as profit, in this book. —
cipled court, affords a delightful subject of contemplation ; ^JnWi Critic. . . .... ..,. .
for all who venerate mor.al worth, in this case rendered , ■•Among the advantages of the present .splendid edition .ith im-
■ ■ - •• ' proved ed, 1826, 2 vols. 4tol are the copious and valuable notes
of the learned editor, which, alone, would constitute a very con-
siderable volume of miscellaneous extracts, observations, and anec-
dotes, on the nature, properties, culture, and uses of the great
more conspicuous by intellectual eminence. Even with
the dissolute Charles and the contemptible crowd of cour-
tiers who ministered to his vices, the learned, religious
and accomplished Evelyn was an object of afl'ootion as well | varTeiy'of The trees here t'reated of: comprehending .all the disco-
asrespect. They could not but admire and love an example | -veriesandimprovementswhichhavebeen madesince Mr. t.velyns
T .. Y,. Ti .. xxa-\e:'—L<oi. MonUihj Fei'ii'iv.
See Lon. Quar. Review, ix. 45.
6 A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the Mo-
dern 1664, fol. ; 1669, Svo; 3d ed.. enlarged and corrected,
1697 1733, fol.; with the addition of Sir Henry Wotton's
which they were content not to imitate. In the Biog. Brit.,
and especially in his Diary and Correspondence, the reader
will find ample details respecting the useful life of one of
the most estimable characters of literary history.
A list of many of the numerous works and translations
MS
EVE
Elements of Architecture. 7. Public Employment and an ]
Active Life preferred to Solitude, 1667, 8vo. This is an
answer to Sir George MacKen/.ie on the other side of the
questi«>n. 8. History of Three hite Famous Impostures,
1668, '69, 8vo. 9. A Short and Plain Discourse, the chief
heads of the History of Trade and Navij^ation, their origin
and progress, 1674, 8vo, Dedicated to the King.
" A brief and necessarily very ioiperfect sketch. 1 1 is introduced
by some observations on the advantages of commerce and naviga-
tion, as exemplified in the instances of Holland, Venice, &c." —
McCuUocIi\'; Lit. of Pnlit. Kcon. |
10. Terra; a Philosophical Discourse of the Earth, re-
lating to the culture and improvement of it, for Vegeta- ;
tion, and the Propagation of Plants, 1675, fol. See notice !
of Sylva, nn^t'. 11. Mundus Muliebris: or the Ladies*
Dressing lluom unlocked, and her Toilette spread. In
Burlesque. Together with the Fop's Dictionary, 1G90, 4to.
12. Numismataj a Discourse of Medals, ancient and mo-
dern, 1697, fol. i
" We mi^^bt justly have expected wbatever could have been de- \
sired on this subject, from the excellently-learned pen of Mr. Eve-
lyn, had he bent his thoughts, as was believed, towards the consi-
deration of our British coins as vrell as medals. It now appeais
that his Numismata carried him no farther than those larger and ,
more choice pieces that are usually called by this latter name; i
whereon he has, indeed, treated with that accuracy and fineness ^
which become a gentleman and a scholar." — BisU"p Nicolson's Eng. ,
Hut. Lib., :*4S. I
IZ. Acetaria; or a Discourse of Sallets, 1699, Svo. This j
was his last work. He contemplated several extensive '
works — A General History of all Trades, The Plan of a
PkOyal Garden, &c. — which were never compiled ; see Biog.
Brit. A review of his agricultural works will be found in
Donald-son's Agricult. Biog. I
Industrious to the last, he was but a short time before ,
his death busily employed in preparing the 4th ed. of Sylva
for the press. But the time had now arrived when he was
permitted to enter into that rest to which his heart had
ever fondly turned during the course of his long pilgrimage
on earth. He died Feb. 27, 1705-06, in the 86th year of
his age. All that was mortal of the aged Cbri.stian was
interred at Wottou, where his tombstone, by his direction
— anxious to continue his usefulness even when no longer
able to bear a living testimony to the truth — bears this in- ^
scription : !
"That, living in an ageof extraordinary events and revolutions,
be had learned from thence this truth, which he desired mi,iiht be
thus communicated to posterity : Th.\t all is vanity which is not ,
HONEST, and that THERE IS NO SOLID WISDOM BUT REAL PIETY." |
This is "the conclusion of the whole matter," and we
shall be wise, indeed, thoughtful reader, if we profit by the
lesson.
In 1825 Mr. Wm. Vpcott, the well-known bibliographer,
pub. in a 4to vol. a collection of Evelyn's Miscellaneous
Writings — on Morals, Horticulture, Art, Science, Com-
merce. &c. — many of which had become very rare.
•■ All these tempting topics we are compelled to fly from, with
many a liii^'i ring look, conscious that we hare occupied a large,
thou:_'li by no meaus an undue space, iu affording our readers some
gusti> ef a volume upun which they may venture to make many a
hearty meal." — Jiritish Chtic.
In 1818, 2 vols. 4to, appeared Memoirs illustrative of the
Life and Writings of John Evelyn, Esq., comprising his
Diary from 1641 to 1705-06, and a Selection from his Fa-
miliar Letters, 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1827, 5
vols. 8vo. New ed., 1850, 4 vols. Svo; again, 1854, 4 vols.
8vo. To Mr. Bray, the intelligent editor of this work, and
to Mr. Upcott, his assistant, the public are largely indebted.
It has been truly remarked that
'■ It is impossible to overrate the interest and value of a diary
and correspondence written by such a man as Evelyn, and in such
timus as those of Charles I., Oliver Cromwell, Charles II., James
II., and William III."
'• This work is a necessary companion to the popular histories of
our country — to Ilumc, Ilallani. Macaulay. and Lingard."
'■Few. if any, similar publications of our own days more strongly
attracted public attention on their first appearance, or are likely to
retain a more permanent station in our national literature, than
the Diary of Evelyn, a man the more highly honoured ."tnd valued
as our acquaintance is permitted to become closer." — BinXish Critic.
To this work the reader must add The Diary and Cor-
respondence of Samuel Pepys, and he may congratulate
himself upon the possession of treasures of no ordinary
character.
" We have never seen a mine so rich as the volumes before us."
— Sir "Walter .Scott.
In 1848, sm. 8vo, was pub. by Bishop Wilberforce of Ox-
ford, from the MS. of Evelyn, his Life of Mrs. Godolphin.
Now first pub.
" An exquisite book is this for the refined and educated reader.
How could it be otherwise, since the adminible Kvelyn has seen
tit to present it to the world? This little book cannot but be at-
tended with many blessings on account of the purity of its tone
and purpose." — Protestant Cfiurchvian.
EVE
In 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo, Rev. R. M. Evanson pub. from
the MS. of Evelyn his Rational Account of the True Re-
ligion. Now first pub.
'• As an epitome of all the later arguments against the infidelity
of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the History of Reli-
gion is indeed invaluable."
Of this truly excellent man we may say, with a distin-
guished critic :
" >'o change of fashion, no alteration of taste, no revolutions of
science, have impaired or can impair his celebrity. Satire, from
whom nothing is sacred, scarcely attempted to touch him while
living; and the acrimony of political and religious hatred, though
it spares not even the dead, has never assailed his memory." —
Robert Southey: Lfii. Quar. I^'view, xix. 53.
During the evil days when unhallowed violence over-
threw the throne and the altar, Evelyn was a sincere
mourner, and ministered to the necessities of those who
from a state of comparative opulence suddenly found them-
selves reduced to straitne.=s of bread and the melancholy
prospect of continued destitution. When that intrepid
champion of the truth, " of whom the world was not wor-
thy"— Jeremy Taylor — was consigned to the cht-erless
walls of a prison, it was John Evelyn who not only ex-
tended present relief, but settled upon him an annual al-
lowance, that be might not be careful for the unirruw.
From a letter of Evelyn's to this attached friend, writteai
in these troublous times, we give an extract which reflects
honour both upon the writer and the one addressed:
" For my part, I have learned from your excellent assistance to
humble myselfe, and to adore the inscrutable pathes of the most
high: God and his Truth are still the same, though the founda-
tions of the world be shaken. Redivivus can shut the l^chooles
indeede, and the Temples; but he cannot hinder our private iuter-
courses and devotions, where the Breast is the Chappell and our
Ileart is the Altar. Obedience founded in the understanding will
be the only cure and retraite. God will accept what remaines and
supply what is necessary."
Even the gossiping, worldly-minded, curiosity-hunting
Horace Walpole is betrayed with a generous, but very un-
fashionable, enthusiasm, when expatiating upon the cha-
racter of Evelyn :
" His life, which was extended to eighty-six years, was a course
of enquiry, study, cuiiosity, instruction, and benevolence. The
works of the Creator, and the mimic labours of the creature, were
all objects of his pursuit. He unfolded the perfection of the one,
and assisted the imperfection of the other. Ue adored from ex-
amination; was a courtier that flattered only by informing his
prince, and by pointing out what was worthy for him to counte-
nance; and was really the neighbour of the gospel, for there was
no man that might not have been the better for him.'"— Cafuto^/ue
of Eiigrav&rs.
A celebrated author, of a very different stamp, bears the
same testimony, when acknowledging some communica-
tion designed to aid an important literary undertaking:
"That most ingenious and \irtuous gentleman, Mr. Evelyn, who
is not satisfied to have advanced the knowlt^dge of this age by his
own useful and successful labours about planting and divers other
ways, but is ready to coutribute every thing in his power to perfect
j other men's endeavours." — Risuop Burnet : Hist, of the. Uffvrma-
iiu)}.
We shall conclude our article with the tribute of one of
the most distinguished poets of his age:
I '* Happy art thnu whom God does bless
With the full choice of thine own happiness;
I And happier yet. because th'ju'rt blest
With prudence how to choose the best.
In books and gardens thou hast pl.ic'd aright,
(Things which thou well dost understand.
And both dost make with thy laborious hand,)
Thy noble, innocent delight.
And in thy virtuous wife, where thou again dost meet
IJnth pleasures more reiin'd and sweet,
The fairest garden in her looks.
And in her mind the wisest books:
Oh, who would change these soft yet solid joys
For empty shows and senseless noise
And all which rank ambition breeds.
Which seem su-h beauteous flowers, and are such pois'nons
weeds." ic. Coivhij's Garden.
Evelyn, John, 1654-55-1698, 3d son of the preced-
ing, educated at Trin. Coll.. Camb., was in 1690 made one
of the chief clerks of the Treasury, and in 1691 w:is elected
a commissioner of the revenue in Ireland. 1. Trans, of
Kenatus Rapinus's Latin verses, Of Gardens, 1673, Svo.
2. Trans of Plutarch's Life of Alexander the Great; in vol.
iv. of Plutarch's Lives, by several hands. 3. Hist, of two
Grand Visiers, Ac, 1677, Svo. A trans, from the French.
See Dryden's Miscellanies, and Nichols's Collection, for
some of his poems.
Ever, Sampson. See Ever.
Eveiard of >Vinchester, temp. Stephen, wrote a
metrical trans, in Anglo-Norman of the Distirhn of Dio-
nysius Cato. Ilelys of AVinchester appears to have bor-
rowed largely from this trans, in his own version of the
Disticha, now in MS. in the British Museum. See Le Llvre
1 des Proverbes Franj ais^ par Le Roux de Lincy, Paris, 1842,
EVE
EVE
12rao. Tome Second, pp. 359-375. Everard's Trans, of
the Distichs (A Cato. Several other productions are as-
cribed to Everard. See AVright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Everard. Levellers of England, Lon.. 1()4S», 4to.
Everard, Dr. Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus his
Divine Pnmander, trans, out of the original into English,
Lon., 1657. 24rno.
Everard, Edmund, sometime under-secretary to the
French King. 1. Discourses on the Present State of the
Protestant Princes of Europe, Lon., 1679, ful. 2. The
great pressures and grievances of the Protestants in France,
16S1, fol.
Everard, Edward, D.D. Preparatory Latin Gram-
mar, Lon., 1843: new ed., 1849, 12mo.
"It is admirably adapted for the purpi^se, and has our Tvarmest
recommendations." — Plymouth {Eng.) Herald.
Serm., 1844, 8vo.
Everard, Giles. Panacea. Lon., 1659, 8vo.
Everard, John. Britanno-Romanvs, sive Anglige-
narvm in Collegio llnmano Vitae Ratio, Lon., 1611, 8vo.
Everard, John, D.D., a Calvinist divine, temji.
Charles I. Some Gospel Treasures. Lon., 1653, 8vo.
Everard, Thomas. Stereometry. Lon., lfiS4. 12mo.
Everard, W. Mercantile Book-keeping. Lon., 1075.
Everardt, Job. Stenographia, Lon., 1658, 8vo.
Everest, Rev. Charles W., formerly of Meriden,
Connecticut, has pub. a number of poetical and other works.
1. Babylon ; a Puem. 2. Hare Bell. 3. iMuss Rose. 4.
The Memento. 5. The Snow Drop. 6. The Poets of Con-
nectieuL 7. Vision of Death, and other Poems. We may
cite his poem entitled Agriculture, as a beautiful picture
of the pleasures of a country life. Since 1842, Mr. Everest
has given nothing to the press. He now has charge of the
Rectory School at Hamden, Connecticut.
Everett, Alexander Hill, 179a-!S47, a native of
Boston, Massachusetts, was a son of the Rev. Oliver Eve-
rett, and a descendant of Richard Everett, whose name
appears in the public records of Dcdham, Massachusetts,
for the year 1630. Alexander was born in Boston on the
19th of March. 1790. and entered Harvard College in the
13th year of his age. In 1806 he graduated with the
highest honours ; and, after a year's experience as a teacher
in the Phillips Exeter Academy, commenced the study of
law in the office of John Quiucy Adams, in Boston. In
1809 he accompanied Mr. Adiinis on his mission to Russia,
and resided at St. Petersburg and London until 1812.
Returning to the United States on the declaration of war
against Great Britain, he commenced the profession of the
law at Boston, but was soon induced to accept the office
of secretary of legation to the Netherlands. On the re-
tirement of Mr. Eustis from that mission, in 181S, Mr.
Everett succeeded him as charge d'aflfaires, and retained
this post until 1824. In this year he returned to the United
States on leave of absence, and in the spring of 1825 was
appointed by President Adams minister to Spain. In 1829
he returned to the United States, and became proprietor
and editor of the North American Review, (1830-35,) to
which he had. during the editorship of his brother Edward,
been one of the most valuable contributors. From 1830 to
1835, Mr. Everett occupied a seat in the legislature of
Massachusetts, and during these years and a few following,
gave much of his time and thoughts to state and national
politics. In the winter of 1840 he resided as a confidential
agent of the U. S. Government in the Island of Cuba, and
whilst there was appointed President of Jefferson College,
Louisiana. He entered upon the responsible duties of this
post in June, 1841, but was soon obliged, by failing health,
to return to New England.
Upon the return of Mr. Caleb Cushing from his mission
to China, Mr. Everett was appointed minister plenipo-
tentiary to that empire, and sailed for Canton July 4th,
1845. A severe attack of illness detained him for some
time at Rio Janeiro; and, hopeless of amendment, he re-
turned home ; but in the summer of 1846 he was sufficiently
recovered to allow of a second attempt to reach his desti-
nation. Arrived at Canton, it soon became evident that
his physical powers wore too much prostrated to allow of
any reasonable hope of restoration, and he closed his eyes
in a strange land, June 2S(h. 1847. For the above facts,
and for the annexed lists of Mr. Everett's contributions to
various periodicals, &c., we are indebted to Griswold's
Prose Writers of America.
Mr. Everett's first published compositions appeared in
The Monthly Anthology, the vehicle of communication
with the public of the Anthology Club of Boston, consist-
ing of George Tickuor. William Tudor, Drs. Bigelow and
Gardener. Alexander H. Everett, and Rev. Messrs. Buck-
S68
minster. Thucher, and Emerson. The Monthly Antho-
logy, established by Phineas Adams, was pub. from 1803
to 1811.
The following list of Mr. Everett's publications presents
a very remarkable instance of versatility of talent and en-
larged range of erudition. Politics and belles-lettres,
political economy and poetry, statistics and aesthetics — sub-
jects the least allied in character or criteria — alternately
passed under the review of the " pen of the ready writer."
1. Europe; or, A General Survey of the Political Situa-
tion of the Principal Powers, witli Conjectures on their
Future Prospects, London and Boston, 1822, 8vo. Trans-
lated into German, French, and Spanish. The German
version was edited by Professor Jacobi, of the University
of Halle.
Mr. Everett devotes the first chapter of his work to an
explanation of the origin of the controversy between God-
win and Malthus. In the following lines he lays down a
position which opens at once a wide field of debate:
"It is. in Cict, somewhat singular, that while the immediate
object of Godwin was to demonstrate the expediency of practif;il
reform, and that of Mr. Malthus to prove its inutility, the theorits
of both thfse writers admit, on general grounds, of pret-isely the
same answer. While Godwin considtMS politioal institutions as
absolutely mischievous, Malthus affiims that they are completely
indifferent. The true answer to both is, that they are neither
mischievous nor indilTerent, but extremely valuable; that the
origin of evil is not to be found in the existence of society — not in
any supposed law of nature, which creates a necessity of perpetual
famine — but in the primary constitution of the universe."
In tho eleventh chapter the political economist will find
the author's explanation of the manner in which the state
of civilization atiects the rate of wages, and of the fact that
the individual producer is not always remunerated in pro-
portion to the increased wealth of the community.
He attacks the theory of Malthus as totally untenable,
and labours to prove that the increase of population is in
truth a princii>le not of scarcity, but of abundance. A re-
view of this work by an eminent critic — Jared Sparks,
LL.D. — will be found in the N. American Review, xvii.
288-310.
2. New Ideas on Population, with Remarks on the Theo-
ries of Godwin and Malthus, London and Boston, 1822
See Mr. E.'s correspondence upon the subject of political
economy with Professor George Tucker, of the University
of Virginia, pub. in 1845. 3. America; or, A general Sur
vey of the Political Situation of the several Powers of the
Western Continent, with Conjectures on their future Pros-
pects, by a citizen of the United States, Phila., 1827, Svoj
Lon., 1828, 8vo.
" The appearance of this work has been expected with no incon-
siderable degree of interest. It was generally supposed that a
volume from the pen of the author of 'Europe.' whatever other
qualities it might possess, could scarcely fail of being an ingenious
and elegant production; and this expectation has been amply
verified in the present instance. We believe that this work will
be generally considered as a valuable accession to American lite-
rature; and it is by no means necessary, in order to appreciate its
merits in this respect, to coincide iu all the opinions and views
which it contains. . . . The style in which the work is written
would alone warrant us in placing it, as a liteiary production, in
the highest rank of English classics. It is a style equally free from
the nieretiiiious ornament so prevalent in our own country, and
from 111.' cMllinjuial roughness which distinguishes many of the
aMist Itiili^li aufhoisof the present time. . . . To our author and
to Wasbiiigtnii living we are indeltted for two of the most success-
ful elfnrts which have been made in the present century to revive
the Attic elegance which distinguished the best writers of the days
of Addison." — A'uvtfi AmL'rica7i lievieto.
"This essay, however ohjectionable it may be to an Englishman
in several respects, is marked by ability of the very first order.
8ince the puMication of those admirable Dissertations which were
collected in T/ie Federalist, we have not seen any political compo-
sition from the pen of an American that can at all be compan'd
with this. The style is idiomatic and thoroughly English, foinud
in our best school. We are often compelled to admire the beauty
of the periods when we are most disposed to differ from the senti-
ments which they convey." — Lmi. Moiithly Hfvierv.
4. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays. Scries First, Bost.,
1S45, 12mo. 5. Series Second, 1847, 12mo. G. Poems, 1845,
8vo. To Sparks's American Biography, Mr. Everett con-
tributed tho Liic of Joseph Warren, in 1st Series, x. 91,
and the Life of Patrick Henry, in 2d Series, i. 207.
Mr. Everett's principal contributions to the North Ameri-
can Review are on the following subjects: 1. French Dra-
matic Literature. 2. Louis Bonaparte. 3. Private Life of
Voltaire. 4. Literature of the 18th Century. 5. Dialogue
on Representative Government, between Dr. Franklin and
President Montesquieu. 6. Bernardin de St. Pierre. 7.
Madame de Stacl. 8. J. J. Rousseau. 9. Mirabeau. 10.
Schiller. 11. Chinese Grammar. 12. Cicero on Govern-
ment. 13. Memoirs of Madame Camimn. 14. Dcgerando's
History of Philosophy. 15. Lord Byron.
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The following were written whilst in Spain :
16. McCulIoch's Politifiil Economy. 17. Authorship of
Gil Bins. 18. Baron de t^tael's Letters on Englami. 19.
Paraguay. 20. The Art of Being Happy. 21. Politics of
Europe. 22. Chinese Manners. 2^. Irving's Columbus.
24. Definitions in Political Economy, by Malthus. 25.
Cousin's Intellectual Philosophy. 26. Canova.
The following were written whilst editor and proprietor
of the Review :
27. British Opinions on the Protecting System. 28.
Politics of Europe. 29. Tone of British Criticism. 30.
Stewart's Moral Philosophy. 31. The American System.
32. Life of Henry Clay. 33. Life and Writings of Sir
James Mackintosh. 34. Irving's Alliambra. 35. XuUifi-
cation, 36. The Union and the States. 37. Hamilton's
Men and Manners in America. 38. Early Literature of
Modern Europe. 39. Early Literature of France. 40.
Progress and Limits of Social Improvement. 41. Origin
and Character of the Old Parties. 42. Character of Jeffer-
son. 43. Dr. Channing. 44. Thomas Carlyle.
His principal contributions to the Democratic Review
are the following:
1. The Spectre Bridegroom, from Burger. 2. The "Water
King; a Legend of the Xorse. 3. The Grecian Gossips,
imitated from Theocritus. 4. The Worth of Woman, from
Schiller. 5. Enigma. 6 and 7. The Kramers of the Con-
stitution. 8. Mrs. Sigoumey. 9, Sketch of Harro Bar-
ring. 10. The Texas Question. 11. The Re-annexation
of Texas. 12. Contemporary Spanish Poetry. 13. Green-
ough's Statue of Washington. 14, The Young American.
15. The Malthusian Theory discussed in Letters to Pro-
fessor George Tucker, of the University of Virginia. 16.
The Portress : a Ballad. 17. The Funeral of Goethe, from
Harro Harring.
The contributions to the Boston Quarterly Review were
chiefly, if not altogether, devoted to an exposition of the
questions connected with currency. Among Mr. Everett's
published orations are the following: 1. On the Progress
and Limits of the Improvement of Society. 2. The French
Revolution. 3. The Constitution of the United States.
4. State of Polite Literature in England and the United
States. 5. Moral Character of the Literature of the last
and present century. 6. Literary Character of the Scrip-
tures. 7. Progress of Moral Science. 8. Discovery of
America by the Northmen. 9. German Literature. 10. Bat-
tle of New Orleans. 11. Battle of Bunker Hill.
Everett, David, d. 1813. aged 44, editor of Boston
Patriot, and subsequently of The Pilot, was a native of
Princeton, Massachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1795. 1. Common Sense in Dishabille, or The
Farmer's Monitor, 1799. 2. Daranzel; a Tragedy, 1800.
3. Political Essays in the Boston Gazette, over the signa-
ture of .Junius Araericanus.
Everett, Edward, one of the most distinguished ora-
tors and scholars of modern times, born 1794, in Dorches-
ter, near Boston, Massachusetts, is a younger brother of
Ai.kxaSderH. Evkrett: see ante. He entered Harvard
College at the age of 13, and graduated with distinguished
credit in 1811. After two years of preparatory study in the
divinity school in Cambridge, he was at the early age of 19
chosen to succeed the eloquent Buckminster, by whose
death the pulpit of the Brattle Street Church had been left
vacant. As a pulpit orator Mr. Everett soon attained that
distinction which he has invariably acquired iu every de-
partment of life which he has successively occupied. An
extract from a letter of the late Judge Story will prove
interesting in this connexion. The writer refers to a cele-
brated sermon of Mr. Everett, entitled " Brethren, the time
is short," delivered in the capitol at Washington, in Febru-
ary, 1820:
"The sermon was truly splendid, and was heard with a breath-
It'Ss silynce. The audiyuce was verj- larce; and. beinp in thiit
magnificent apartment of the House of RejtlL'St.-nt.Ttivt-s. it had vast
effect. I saw Mr. Kintr, of New York, and Mr. Otis, of Massachu-
setts, there. They were both very much affected with Mr. Everett's
sermon; and Mr. Otis, in particular, wept bitterly. There were
gome very touching appeals to our most delicate feeliups. on the loss
ofourfrifuds. ludeed. Mr. Everett w.is almost universallv admired,
as the most eloquent of preachers. Mr. King told me he never
heard a discourse so full of unction, eloquence, and pood taste."
The following tributes from the same distinguished au-
thority may perhaps be properly quoted in this place:
'•I thank you most sincerely for "the hi.,'h pleasure and instruc-
tion you have given me in this number ofthe[X. American] Review,
I agree with you as to Mr. Tudor *s book, and you have almost per-
suaded me you are right as to the Indians. If you continue to
write thus powerfully, in such a strain of manly, vigorous sense,
with such glowing elo<iuence. you will humble all of us, but nobly
exalt the pride and character of our country." — LtUer to £dward
EvaxU, Sulem, January 15, 1820.
"Mr. Everett, whom you may remember at Boston, made his
maiden speech on this occasion. [Propo.^ition to amend the Con-
stitution ; debate in House of Kepresentatives. Washington, session
of 1825-26.] It received very great applause from its manner as
well as imitter. He bids fair to be an eminent statesman, after
having figured a considerable time as an eminent clergyman." — Ltt-
ter t" J. Evrli/ii Denison, £sq.y M.F.y Washiii'jUju, Much 15. 1S26.
The reader will thank us for thus recording the testimony
of Judge Story to Mr. Everett's eminence as a preacher,
an essayist, and a political orator. We shall have occa-
sion, before closing this article, to quote still further from
the same distinguished autliurity. No man mere highly
valued Mr. Everett's natural talents and rijie schcdarship,
and no man would have more heartily welcomed the great
intellectual monument which he so well knew these talents
and scholarship were capable of erecting. But we antici-
pate. In 1S12, at the early age of IS, he was appointed
Latin tutor in Harvard College.
In 1S14 he pub. a volume of about 500 pages, entitled A
Defence of Christianity, in answer to The Grounds of
Christianity Examined, by (ieorge B. Engli.--h. These
works we have already noticed at length. See English,
George B.
In 1S15 he was elected professor of the Greek Language
and Literature in Harvard College, with the undeistanding
that he should spend some time in Europe before engaging
in the arduous duties of this post. M'hilst abroad he made
the acquaintance of Scott, Byron. Jeffrey, Campbell, Mack-
intosh, RomiU}'^, Davy, and other distinguished literary
and political characters.
In 1S19 he returned home and entered upon the duties
of the Greek Professorship. In addilii.tn to his regular lec-
tures, he found time to publish a Greek Grammar, trans, by
him from the German of Buttman, and a Greek Reader,
based upon that of Mr. Jacobs. We extract a notice of
this portion of Mr. Everett's life, from Mr. Hayward's arti-
cle on American Orators and Statesmen, in the London
Quarterly Review for December, 1S40:
'•Edward Everett is one of the most remarkable men living. He
is a native of ."Massachusetts, and was born about 179H. At nine-
teen be bad already acquired the reputation of an accomplished
scholar, and was drawing large audiences as a Unitarian preacher.
At twenty-one (the age at which Roger Ascham achieved a similar
distinction) he was appointed Professor of Greek in Harvard Uni-
versity, and soon afterwards he made a tour of Europe, including
Greece. M. Cousin, who was with him in Germany, informed a
fiiend of ours that he was one of the best Grecians he ever knew,
and the translator of Plato must have known a good many of the
best, "n his return from his travels he lectured on Greek litera-
ture with the enthusiasm and success of another Abelard — we
hoj»e. without the lleloise."
He became editor of the North American Review iu
Jatiuary, 1820, and in the next four years contributed to
its pages about fifty papers, to which are to be added sixty
more, written whilst the Review was under the manage-
ment of his brother Alexander, and of those who succeeded
him. Mr. Everett has given us reason to hope for the pub-
lication of a selection from these excellent papers, and
from the speeches, reports, and correspondence, prepared
from time to time in the discharge of his official duties.
We trust, however, that the contributions to the Review
will be given without the least curtailment: and the rather
from the fact that the earlier numbers of this periodical are
not only now scarce, but not to be had — save on rare oc-
casions— at any price whatever. On the Sth of May, 1822,
Mr. Everett was married by his old classmate, the Rev. N.
L. Fruthingham. D.D., to Charlotte Gray, a daughter of
Peter Chardon Brook.s one of the leading men of Boston.
Mr. Brooks died January 1, 1S49, and his biography has
been written by Mr. Everett.
In 1824 Mr. Everett was elected to the United States Con-
gress by the voters of Middlesex, Massachusetts, and sat in
the House of Representatives for ten years. Upon his re-
turn from Congress in 1835, he was for four successive years
elected Governor of Massachusetts, and at the next elec-
tion defeated by only one out of more than 100,000 votes.
In 1841 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the
Court of St. James, and resided in London for about five
years. Not the least gratifying testimonial of respect
accorded to Mr. Everett in England, was the degree of
D.C.L., by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and
from Dublin. On his return home, in 1 846, he was elected
to the Presidency of Harvard College, and retained this ho-
nourable post until 1849, when he tendered his resignation,
and was succeeded by Jared Sparks. On the decease of
Daniel Webster. Mr. Everett was appointed Secretary of
State of the United States, and in 1863 he succeeded
John Davis as a national Senator. In consequence of the
failure of his health, he soon resigned his seat, and is
now (ISoSJ living in retirement at Boston, occupied, it la
569
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believed, in the preparntion of a pvsteinatic trentisc on the
modern Law of Nations. See Griswold".'' Prose Writers of
America: Men of the Time, N. Yorli, 1S52; Tiie Hundred
Boston Orators, by James S. Loring, Boston, 1.^54. 8vo.
In addition to the Defence of Christianity, already men-
tioned, and a number of occasional addres.=es, oflicial let-
ters, reports, &c., Mr. Everett has published. 1. Orations
and Speeches on Various Occasions, 18:^.fi, Svo. This vol.
contains 27 speeches, tte. delivered from 1825-.36. 2. Im-
portance of Practical Education and Useful Knowledge;
a selection from his Orations and other Discourses, (pub.
in 1836,) N. York, 1847, 12mo. This work was originally
prepared for the Massachusetts District School Library, at
the request of the Board of Education. 3. Orations and
Speeches on Various Occasions from 182fi to 1S50, 2d ed.,
Boston, ISaO, 2 vols. Svo. This ed. includes all that were
in the ed. of lS:i(i. 3d ed., 1853. 2 vols. Svo. These vo-
lumes contain cighty-ono articles; certainly among the
most valuable ever issued from the American or British
press. The titles and dates are as follows :
I. The Circumstances Favourable to the Progress of
Literature in America, 1824. II. The First Settlement of
New England, 1824. III. The First Battles of the Kevo- j
lutionary War. 1825. IV. The Principle of the Ameri-
can Constitutions, 182(i. V. Adams and JcfTerson, 1826.
VI. The History of Libertv. 1828. VIL Monument to
John Harvard, 1828. VIl'l. Speech at Nashville. Ten-
nessee, lS2il. IX. Speech at Lexington, Kentucky. 1S29.
X. Speech at the Yellow Springs, in Ohio. 1829. XI. The '
Settlement of JIassachusetIs, ']S30. XII. Importance of
Scientific Knowledge to Practical Men, and the Encou-
ragements to its Pursuit: the substance of several addresses.
XIIL The Working Men's Party, 1830. XIV. Advantage ]
of Scientific Knowledge to Working Men, 1S31. XV. Co-
lonization and Civilization of Africa, 1832. XVI. Edu- !
cation in the Western States. 1833. XVII. The Bunker '
Hill Monument, 1833. XVIIL Temperance. 1833. XIX.
The Seven Y'ears' War the School of the Revolution, 1833.
XX. The Education of Mankind, 1833. XXI. Agricul-
ture, 1833. XXII. Eulogv on Lafayette, 1834. XXIIL
The Battle of Lexington, 1835. XXIV. The Youth of |
Washington, 1835. XXV. Education Favour:iblo to Li- j
borty, Morals, and Knowledge, 1835. XXVI. The Battle
of Bloodv Bro.ik. 1835. XXVIL The Boyhood and Youth
of Franklin, 1829. XXVIII. Fourth of July at Lowell,
1830. XXIX. American Manufactories, 1831. XXX.
Anecdotes of Early Local History, 1833. XXXI. The
Western Railroad, 1835. XXXII. Anniversary of the
Settlement of Springfield, 1830. XXXIII. The Import-
ance of the Militia, 1836. XXXIV. The Seventeenth of
June at Charlestown, 1836. XXXV. Harvard Centennial
Anniversarv, 1836. XXXVI. The Settlement of Dedham,
1836. XXXVII. The Cattle Show at Dnnvers. 1836.
XXXVIIL The Irish Chiiritahle Society. 1837. XXXIX.
Improvements in Prison Discipline. 1837. XL. Superior
and Popular Education, 1837. XLL The Boston Schools,
1837. XLII. The Importance of the Mechanic Arts,
1837. XLIII. Reception of the Sauks and Foxes. 1837.
XLIV. Dr. Bowditch, 1838. XLV. Fourth of July. 1838.
XLVI. EducationtheNurtureof the Mind, 1838. XLVII.
Festival at Exeter, 1838. XLVIII. Accumulation, Pro-
perty, Capital. Credit, 1838. XLIX. Importance of Edu-
cation in a Republic, 1838. L. The Settlement at Barn-
stable. 1839. LI. Normal Schools, 1839. LII. Opening
of the Railroad to Springfield, 1839. LIII. The Scots'
Charitable Society, 1S39. LIV. John Lowell, Jr., Founder
of the Lowell Institute: a Memoir, 1839. LV. Dr. Ro-
binson's Medal, 1S42. LVI. British Association at Man-
chester, 1842. LVII. University of Cambridge, 1842.
LVIII. The Royal Agricultural Society at Bristol, 1842.
LIX. Agricultural Society at Waltham,'lS42. LX. York
Minster, 1842. LXI. Lord Mayor's Day, 1842. LXIL
The Ueological Society at London. LXIII. The Royal
Academy of Art. 1843. LXIV. Royal Literary Fund,
1843. LXV. The Agricultural Socie'ty at Derby, 1843.
LXVI. Reception at Hereford, 1843. LXVII. Saffron
Walden, 1843. LXVIII. Scientific Association at Cam-
bridge, England, 1845. LXIX. The Pilgrim Fathers,
1845. LXX. University Education, 1846. LXXL The New
Medical College at Boston. 1846. LXXIL The Famine
in Ireland, 1847. LXXIII. .\id to the Colleges of Massa-
chusetts, 1848. LXXIV. Euloirv on John Quincv Adams,
1848. LXXV. The Cambridge High School, 1848. "LXXVL
Second Speech in Aid of the Colleges of Massachusetts,
1849. LXXVII. American Scientific Association. 1849.
LXXVni. TheDcpartureof the Pilgrims, 1849. LXXIX.
Cattle Show at Dedham, 1849. LXXX. The Nineteenth
670
of April at Concord. 1850. LXXXI. The Bible: Annual
Meeting of the Massachusetts Bible Society, May 27, 1850.
Since the above was written, a third volume of Mr. Eve-
rett's Orations, Discimrses, &c., has been placed in the bands
of the printer, and is to be pub. in Boston in 1858. It will
contain — Lectures on the Civilization of the Peruvians and
Aztecs, and on the Discovery of America by the Northmen ;
Orations and Speeches on the following occasions and sub-
jects: The Anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, 17th
June, 1S50; The Annual Examination of the Cambridge
High School; Dinner to Amin Bey ; Union Dinner at New
York, 22d Feb., 1851 ; Cattle Show at Lowell ; The Rail-
road Festival in Boston, on opening the road to Canada;
Massachusetts State Agricultural Society; The Warren
Street Chapel ; Dinner of the Alumni of Harvard College ;
Another Cambridge High School Examination : Dinner to
Mr. Thomas Baring; Hampshire Agricultural Society ; In
Faneuil Hall, on the Death of Daniel Webster; Coloniza-
tion Society at Washington; Discovery and Colonization
of .America, befi)re tiie New YiTk lli.-toriealSociety ; Fourth
of July, in Faneuil Hall, on Stability and Progress ; The
Sailing of the Pilgrims, at Plymouth, in August, 1853;
New Hampshire Agricultural Society ; Death of Vice Pre-
sident King: Fourth of July. 1855, at Dorchester; School
Festival in Faneuil Hall; Death of Mr. Lawrence, in Fa-
neuil Hall; United States Agricultural Festival in Boston;
Presentation of the Cane of Washington, Feb. 23,1858; also
a Memoir of Peter C. Brooks, and some other articles. This
volume will contain a copious index to the three volumes,
making it a nccess:iry companion to vols. i. and ii. Those
who would witness a remarkable illustration of the power
of eloquence to transfuse life and beauty into the teachings
of science, the lessons of history, the ethics of politics,
anil vicissitudes of letters, will not neglect to devote *' their
days and nights'' to the Orations of Edward Everett.
We need hardly remind our readers that Mr. Everett has
substantial claims to the character of a poet. The Dirge
of Alaric the Visigoth, and the beautiful poem of Santa
Croce, are among the few compositions which the remem-
brance of school-boy declamation can present, without fear
of rebuke, to the maturer judgment of riper years. Sevenil
other poetical productions are among the evidences of their
author's reuuirkable versatility of talent. A Notice of the
Life and Works of the late Daniel Webster, by Mr. Eve-
rett, will be found in the collective edition of the works of
the former, Boston, 1852, 6 vols. Svo. To the same dis-
tinguished pen belong the Life of General .Stark, in .Sparks'a
Library of American Biography, (1st series, i. 1.) and seve-
ral of the Annual Reports of the Massachusetts Board of
Education. The merits of Mr. Everett's productions are
duly estimated, both at home and abroad, and we regret
that our limited space renders brevity of quotation from
commendatory notices a matter of necessity.
The first oration which drew upon Mr. Everett the eyes
of his countrymen at large was delivered at Cambridge
before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, August 27, 1824. The
occasion was one well calculated to call forth the eloquence
of the young orator. He stood in the presence of much
of the genius and learning of the land : of those who had
written their names in their country's history, and whose
fame was not confined to the vast republic which claimed
them as her sons.
But the remembrance of the mighty dead would have
proved a stronger spell than the presence of the living,
had it not been that the companion of the departed, the
brother-in-arnis of the Father of his country, sat that day
an honoured guest of the chief estates of the land which
he had aided to redeem. When the youthful orator had
excited to an almost painful pitch the feelings of the vast
asseml'lage who hung upon his lips, — when they smiled
or wept, scirrowed over the past or exulted in the present,
at the will of the master who carried them as he listed, —
be suddenly turned to the illustrious guest who bad seen
so much of the rise and fall of human greatness — who had
witnessed alike the destruction of a throne and the birth
of a nation — and addressed him in an apostrophe never to
be forgotten by auditor or reader :
" Welcome, friend of our fathers, to our shores ! Happy are our
eyes th.%t behold those venerable features ! Knjoy a triumph such
as never conqueror nor monarch enjoyed — the assurance that
throuj^hout America there is not a bosom which does not beat
with joy and gratitude at the sound of your name! You have
already'met and saluted, or will soon meet, the few that remain
of the ardent patriots, prudent ccuusellors, and brave w.irriors,
with whom you were associated in achievinsr our liberty. But
you have looked round in vain for the faces of many, who would
hfive lived years of pleasure on a day like this, with their old
companion-in-arms and brother in peril. Lincoln, and Greene,
and Knox, and Hamilton, are gone; the heroes of Saratoga and
EVE
EVE
Yorlitown have fallen before theeuemy that conquers all. Above '
all, thj" tirst of hcrties and of men, the fiii-nd of your youth, the
more than friend of his country, rests in thi' bosom of the soil ho
redeemed. On the l-nmUs of the Potoniar In- lies in glory and peace.
You \vill revisit thi.' hospitable shades of Mount Vernon, but him |
■whom you venerated as we did, you will meet not at its door. His
voice of cunsohitidii. which reached you in the dungeons of Olniiit/.,
cannot now l>n:tlt its silency to bid you welcome to his own roof.
But the |_'r;iieriil .liildi'en of America will bid you welcome to our
shores! :uii.i whilheisuever your course shall take you. throughout
the limits of the contineut. the ear that hears you shall bless you,
the eye that sees ynu shall give witness to you. and every tongue
exclaim, with heartfelt joy. 'Welcome! welcome. L.i Fayette!'" |
A review of thi.s oratiou, and of one delivered at Ply-
mouih in December of the same year, will be found in the
North American Review fur April, 183o. To recommend
its perusal to the reader, nothing nmre need be said than
to give the name of its author — Jared Spark.s. Mr. Eve- j
rett's successor in the presidency of Harvard College. We
quote a few lines from the conclusion :
"Pi'ofessor Everett's recapitulatory remark.s and clasiuE; reflec-
tions are uttered in a style of uncommon brilliancy and richness;
they inculcate lofty and animating sentiments, and constitute
altogether a rai'e specimen of elot^uence and fine writing.'
Perhaps one of the best reviews of Mr. Everett's Ora-
tions is that by Prof. E. Laboulaye. of the College of
France, in the Journal des D6bats, Oi-t. 6, lS5li. We re- ,
gret tliat we can find room for a brief extract only: !
'"11 est curieux de suivre la vie publique dun tel homme, et
c'est ce qu'il est aise de I'aire dans les deux v< lumes que nous avons
sous les yeux. 11 n'y a I^ ni ses teuvres litteraires ni ses harangues
politiques, mais seulement les discoiirs que depuis trente ansa
prononces M. Kverett chaque fois qu'il s'est trouve en rapport;
avec ses concitoyens. Les sujets sont naturellement tr&s varies, |
la pensee y est toujours la meme; tout s'y reduit k un seul point, ;
leducation intellectuelle. morale, patriotique, du peuple. L'unit6 j
est dans la pamle commo elle est dans la vie de Tauteur." I
An eloquent review of Mr. Everett's orations, by Pro-
fessor Felton, will be found in the N. American Keview i
for October, ISoO, and an admirable analysis of his mental '
characteristics and oratorical style, by a distinguished
critic, himself an orator of renown, occurs in the same
periodical fur January, 1837. We give a brief extract
from the latter:
" The great charm of Mr. Everett's orations consists not so much,
in any single and sti-ougly-developed intellectual trait as in that
symmetry and finish which, on every page, give token of the
richly-endowed and thorough scholar. The natural movements
of his mind are full of grace; and the most inditTerent sentence
which falls from his peu has that simple elegance which it is as
difficult to define as it is easy to perceive, llis level passage6 are
never tame, and his fine ones are never superfine. His stvle. with
matchless Hexit'ility, rises and falls with his subject, and is alter-
nately easy, vivid, elevated, ornamented, or picturesque; adapting
itself to the dominant mood of the mind, as an instrument re-
sponds to the touch of a master's hand. His knowledge is so
extensive, and the field of his allusions so wide, that the most
familiar views, in passing through his hands, gather such a halo of
luminous illustrrtiions. that their likeness seem« transti^rmed.and
weentertain d.ivilitsofth.'ir identity."— Georoe Stiixman Hillard.
Mr. Tuckerman also notices this remarkable power of
adaptation to subjects the most incongruous, which Mr.
Everett's mind exhibits in so eminent a degree:
" If Webster is the Michael Angelo of American oratory, Everett
is the Itaphael. In the former's definitiou of eloquence, he recog-
nises its latent existence in the occasion as well as in the man and
in the subject. His own oratory is remarkable for grasping the
bold and essential; for developing, as it were, the anatomical basis
^the very sinews and nerves of his subject — while Everett in-
stinctively catches and unfolds the grace of occasion, whatever it
he; in his mind the sense of beauty is vivid, and nothing is more
surprising in his oratory than the ease and facility with which he
seizes upon the redeeming associations of every topic, however far
removed it may he from the legitimate domain of taste or scholar-
ship."— Characteristics of Literature; second series; The Orator:
Everett.
The introduction of the name of Daniel Webster gives
us an opportunity of presenting a sketch, drawn by this
eminent statesman, of the services and character of the
subject of our notice:
" We all rememt>er him, — some of us personally, — myself, cer-
tainly, with iireat interest, in his deliberations in the Congress of
the Vnited States, to which he brought such a degree of learning,
and ability, and eloquence, as few equalled, and none surpassed.
He administered, afterwards, satisfactorily to his fellow-citizens,
the duties of the chair of the commonwealth. He then, to the
great advantage of his country, went abroad. He was deputed to
represent his government at the most important court of Europe:
and he carried thither many qualities, most of them essential, and
all of them ornamental and useful, to fill that hiu'h station. He
bad education and scholarship. lie had a reputation at home and
abroad. More than all. he had an acquaintance with the pnlitics
of the world, with the law of this country and of nati-ins, with the
histnry and policy ofthe countries of Europe. And how well these
qualities enal^led him to refiect honour upon the literature and
character of his native land, not we only, but all the country and
all the world, know. He has performed this career, and is yet at
such a period ofHfe. that I may venture sumethiii^' npnn the cha-
racter and privilege of my countrymen, when I jindict fh.it those
who have known him long and know him now, those who have
seen him and see him now, those who have heard him and hear
him n"W. are very likely to think that his country has demauds
upon him for future efforts in its service." — Spifch of Duni-i W-bster
at the first Annivrrsary Meetimj"/ the NorfoJJ; Atjy'icidtural S'ciety.
It is pleasing to know that the friendly, almost fraternal,
relations which united the hearts of these two distinguished
patriots were never disturbed by misunderstandings, nor
chilled by estrangements. To this gratifying truth we
have the annexed touching testimony. It occurs in a
letter from Mr. M'ebster to Mr. Everett, written but about
three months before the decease of the former;
"We now and then see stretching across the heavens a clear,
blue, cerulean sky, without cloud, or mist, or haze. And such
appears to me our .icquaintance, from the time when I heard ynu
for a week recite your lessons in the little schoolhouse in ^hurt
Street to the date hereof [l^lst July, ISJli."]
Referring to Mr. Webster's hopes of future patriotic
efforts upon the part of the subject of this eulogium, we
may be permitted to say that undoubtedly the best service
that Mr. Everett can confer upon his country is the pro-
duction of a great work upon some broad question, with
which the interests of humanity arc sufficiently connected
to insure the preservation of the fame and usefulness of
the author, with the vitality cd' the subject. AVe are
pleased, therefore, that Mr. Everett has selected the Law
of Nations as the topic of the treatise which he is now be-
lieved to have in course of preparation. But we cannot
withhold the expression of our hope that the work will be
less restricted in its field than the author leads us to infer,
when he informs us that it will have especial reference
'■To those questions v^hich have been discussed between the
governments of the United States and Europe since the peace of
The commentaries of so able and luminous an expositor
upon the text, original and collected, of (irotius, Puffendorf,
Burlamaqui. Klul>er, Ileincccius, Fulbeck, Selden, Luc-
chesi-Palii, and Masse, would make even the laymati in
love with learning which, to his great loss, he often re-
grets as "beyond his line and measure." We must con-
fess that we are altogether unwilling to resign to tlie eru-
dite gentlemen of the long robe all the intellectual pleasure
and improvement arising from the investigation of the
principles of " the perfection of reasoning," as the law has
— rather ambitiously, perhaps — been styled. Although a
laic, we have found the philosophy of Jurisprudence well
worthy of the " Second Brother's" commendation of philo-
sophy in general, in that
"Perpetual feast of nectar'd sweets," —
the Masque of Comus.
But to return to Mr. Everett's projected work: we con-
fess that wc hope with trembling, when we remember the
many instances in which the great intellectual architects
of our race have razed the half-built edifice to the ground,
or refused to finish its proportions, from a despair of equal-
ling an ideal model, from which the severity of an e.xqui-
sitely-refined judgment would tolerate no defalcation.
Much is thus forever lost to the world, which wouM have
gladly profited by that which has been mistakenly with-
held. Such severe judges of their own labours must con-
sider not only what their works lack of perfection, but to
how great an extent the minds of many of their prospective
readers are deficient of even rudimental knowledge, and
the perception of first principles.
To provide for such, whilst not forgetful of the more
advanced, — to call in the pour and the destitute, who cau
make no recompense, as well as to bid those who can
summon in return to the intellectual feast,— may nut be
so gratifying to ambition, but it fulfils charity, and is re-
commended by the highest sanction.
On imposing convocations, indeed, Jupiter entertained
the gods with ambrosia; but the Diovis Pater knew also
how to prepare a feast suited to the humbler appetites of
mortals. But if there be, indeed — though we are persuaded
better things — any well-grounded apprehension that the
world is never to behold the noble superstructure which
Mr. Everett has long been erecting upon the sure founda-
tion of his deep and solid erudition, then we shall feel jus-
tified in invoking the aid of a potent champion on behalf
of a cause in which the interests of society, the science of
legislation, and the moral and intellectual improvement
of millions, are so deeply concerned. Surely such an ap-
peal as the following — an appeal so eloquent, and from an
authority always so venerable, and now sanctified by the
seal ofthe tomb — shall not prove in vain:
"You have, I trust, many years before you of health and labour.
What I desire is. that, in addition to the many beautiful ay
exquisitely beau t if lil— specimens of your genius which we have
had upon occasional topics, you would now meditate some great
work for posterity, which shall make you known and felt through
all time as we, your contemporaries, now know and esteem you
571
EVE
EYR
This should be the crovrninj; future purpose of your life. Sat vr-
hum sajjieufi. If I should live to see it, I should h;ul it with the
highest pleasure. If I am dead, pray renieuilier that it was one
of the thoughts which clung most closely to me to the very last."
~~Jiidge Sfiiry to Hon. Eciicard Everett, Cumhridge, May Si), ihiO.
gee Lift- and Letters of Judge iStory, ii. 3o3.
Everett, Erastus. A System of English Versifica-
tion, N. York, 184S, 12mo.
"This treatise, which we have examined with some care and
pains, will be found highly useful to those who desire to become
aciiuaiiitt-'d with the l;i\vs of KiiL'lish versification."
Everett, Georgre. The Pathway to Peace and Profit,
or, Truth in its Plain Dress. Lou., 1694, 4to. Encourage-
ment for Seamen and Mariners, 1695, 4to. '
Everett, James. See Holl.\np. Johx. \
Everett, John, a famous highwayman, the terror of |
benighted travellers on Ilounslow Heath, was executed at
Tyhurn, February 2(1, 1729-30. "Whilst awaiting death,
he wrote an autobiography entitled A genuine Narrative
of the memorable Life and Actions of John Everett, &c.,
Lon., IT^jO. a notice of this curious work, accompanied
■with extracts, will bo found in the London Ketrospective
Review, vi. 237, 1S22.
"Perhaps future ages may render classical the deeds of those
younger sons of good families who, induced by necessity rather
than choi»:e. ' took to the roatT in search of money and adventure."
— Ubi supra.
Evershed, >Vm. Sub. of 2 Discourses, 1780, 8vo.
Eves, Mrs, 1. The Grammatical Plaything, ISOO, 8vo.
2. Scripture made Easy, 1S09, 8vo.
Eves, Georfje. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1G61, 4to.
Euart, John, M.D. Cancer, Bath, 1794, Svo.
Ewart, Rev. John. Lectures on Psalms, Lon., 1822-
26. 3 vols. Svo.
" Pleasing, moral, and pious." — Lotvnde^s BHi. Lib.
Ewbank, George. Serm., 1661, 4to.
Ewbank, Thomas, United States Commissioner on
Patents, was born in the tower of Barnard Castle, in the ;
north of England, in 1792. Descriptive and Historical
Account of Hydraulic and other machines for raising
Water, Ancient and Modern; including the progressive
development of the Steam Engine, New York, 1842, Svo;
2d ed., 1849, Svo.
"It is full of tlie gossip of the art: it is just such a book as any
amateur of mechanics would allow to be open on his table for the
purpose of passing the little fragments of his time iu occupation
of a light and useful (ioscriptitm." — Lnn. AtJien.
The World a Workshop. N.Y., 1855. 13mo. Life in
Brazil, illustrated, N.Y.. 1855. Svo. Thoughts on Matter
and Force. N. York, 1858. See Lon. Athen.. 1858, Pt. 2,
199. Reminiscences in the Patent-Office and of Scenes and
Things in Washington. 1858. In preparation.
Ewen, James. Ovid's Heroids, Lon., 1787, Svo.
Ewen, W. >I. 1. Grace and Truth, Edin., 1763, 12mo.
2. Essays, Doctrinal and Practical, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo.
Ewer, John, Bishop of Llandaff, consecrated, 1761.
Serm. on Prov. xxi. 31, 1762, 4to; on Heb. xiii. 16, 1766,
4to ; on Rom. x. 14, 1707, 4to.
Ewes, Sir Symonds U'. See D'Ewes.
Ewing, A. Serm. on the Church, Forres, 12mo.
Ewing, Alexander, or Archibald, teacher of Ma-
thematics, d. 1804, at Edinburgh. 1. Mathematics, Lon.,
1772, '99, Svo. 2. Arithmetic, 1773, 12mo. 3. Astronomy,
Edin., 1797, Svo.
Ewing, Alexander, M.D. Ohserv. on the Harverian
Doctrine, in Reply to George Kerr, Lon., 1817, 12mo.
Ewiiig, Greville, 1767-1841, a native of Edinburgh,
and a minister of the Kirk of Scotland. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1797, Svo. 2. Remarks on Dick's Serm., 1801. 3. Greek
Grammar, and Greek and Eng. Lexicon, Edin., 1802, Svoj
Glasg., 1812, Svo ; Glasg. and Lon., 1827, Svo. See notices
in Orme's Bibl. Bib., Home's Bibl. Bib., and Brit. Critic.
4. Gov't, &c. of the Church of Christ, Glasg., 1S07, 12mo.
5. Essays addressed to Jews, Lon., 1809, '10, 2 vols. 12mo.
'■They display particularly a very accurate acquaintance with
the old Testament Scriptures, and place many passages iu a new
and often interestinir liiiht." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6. An Essay on Baptism. Glasg., 1823, '24, 12mo.
See Mem. of GreviUe Ewing, by his daughter, 1843, Svo.
Ewing, James. Report to the Directors of the Glasg.
Hosp. rel. to the City Poor, Glasg., ISIS.
" An able, well-written, and interesting report." — McCuttocWs Lit.
of B>lit. Ec/>n.
Report of a Com. on the Burgess Oath, 1S19, Svo.
Ewing, James. Justice of the Peace, ^c. in N. Jer-
sey. New ed., by a mcmlier of the Bar, N. Y., 1848, Svo.
Ewing, John, D.D., 1732-1802. a native of East Not-
tingham, JIaryland. graduated at Princeton College, 1752;
Minister of the First Presbyterian Church, Phila., 1758-
1802; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1779-
1S02. Account of the Transit of Venus over the Sun:
572
Trans. Amcr. Soc. i. 39. Godfrey's Quadrant, ib. iv. 126.
Serm. on the death of George Bryan, 1791. Serm. in
Amer. Preacher, ii. Lectures on Nat. Philosophy, 1809.
" His qu;iliti cat ions as a minister of the Gospel were many and
eminent. Science was with him a handmaid to religion. He wr.s
mi^'hty in the Scriptures." See Linn"s Funl. Serm.; Assembly's
Miss. Mag.; Miller, ii. 372; Holmes, ii. 4il; Allen's Amer. Biog.
Diet.
Ewing, Capt, Peter, The Soldier's Opera, 1792, Svo.
Ewing, Thomas, teacher in Edinburgh. 1. The Eng-
lish Learner, Lon., 1815; 14th ed., 1849, 12mo. 2. Prin-
ciples of Elocution, revised by T. B. Calvert, 30th ed., Lon.,
1S52. 12mo.
'• Its materials are gathered with a tasteful hand from every pe-
riod of our literature.-' — Lon. Quar. Jour, of Eilucation.
3. Rhetorical Exercises, 12mo. The three preceding
works form a consecutive series. 4. A New System of
Geography, 1816; with a new General Atlas, 17th ed.,
1849, 12m*o.
" We can recommend Mr. Ewing's book to the Geographical stu-
dent."— Lfm. Critical Beview.
" By far the most elegant and accurate Atlas which we have
seen on a similar scale." — Blackwood's Mag.
Ewington, H. The Arcana of Short-Hand, 1S05,
12mo. New ed., ISmo.
'•This little ^vork is the most perspicuous, concise, and expedi-
tious method that has been hitherto proposed, and we are per-
suaded that we do students of Short-hand a service, iu recom-
mending it to their attention.-' — Artti-Jaoibin Jfa-ieiv. Feb. 1808.
Exall, J., a Baptist minister of Tenterden. 1. The
Spirit of Inquiry assisted, Tenterden, 12mo. 2. Brief Cal-
vinistic conclusions on the attributes of God. &c., 1824, Svo.
Exall, Joseph. Serm., Prov. xiii. 16, Tenterden, Svo,
Exall, Joshna. Infant Baptism, Lon-.. 1693, 4to.
Exton, Brudenot,M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 1751, Svo.
Exton, John, LL.D., Judge of the Admiralty. Mari-
time Discxnlngie; or Sea Jurisdiction in England, in three
books, Lon.. 1B64, fol. ; 2d ed., 1746; 3d ed.. 1755. Svo.
Exton, Richard Brudenell, Rector of Athelington.
1. Bishop Hall's Sacred Aphorisms, Lon., 1823, 12mo.
2. Sixty Lectures on the Psalms of the M. and E. Service,
1847, 12mo.
*'The Lectures are eloquently and piously written; and they
constitute an admirable source of family t'dification for the even-
ings of the Lord's Day." — C/i. of Emj. Jt<ur.
Eyre, Edmund John, a comedian, wrote The Dreamer
Awake; a Farce, 1791, Svo, a number of other plays,
and some poems. See Biog. Dramat., and AVatt's Bibl. Brit.
Eyre, Edward. Secret Instructions of Frederick II.
From the French of the Prince de Ligne, 179S, 12mo.
Eyre, Francis, d. 1804, a U. Catholic layman, of
Warkworth C;istle. 1. Remarks on Gibbon's Decline and
Fall of the R. Empire, Lon., 1778, Svo ; 2. Appeal relative
to ditto, 1799, Svo. 3. Christian Religion, 1795, Svo.
4. Letter to Rev. R. Churton, 1795. 5. Reply to the same,
1798, Svo. The controversy was upon the respective merits
of the Church of England and that of Rome.
Eyre, Sir James, 1734-1799, Lord Chief Justice of
the Ct. of C. Pleas, was a native of Wiltshire. Charge to
the Grand Jury, Lon., 1792, 4to.
Eyre, John, D.D., Curate of Wylie, Wilts. Serms.,
1756, '58, '61, '77. Composition of a'Serra., 1797, Svo.
Eyre, John. Remedies proposed for the Relief of our
Embarrassments, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Eyre, Joseph. Observ. on the Prophecies relating
to the Restoration of the Jews, Lon., 1771, Svo. Extracts
from this work were printed in 1823 by the London Society
for Promoting Christianity among the Jews.
Eyre, Richard, a Canon of Sarum, and Rector of
Burghclere, Hants. Serms., 1713, *15, '1(5, '17, '26.
Eyre, Richard, D.D., Rector of Bright- Walton, Berks.
Serm., Lon., 1707, 4to.
Eyre, Robert, D.D. Serms., 169.3, 1700. Svo.
Eyre, Robert, D.D., Rector of Buckland, Surrey.
Serm., 1735, Svo; 4 do., 173S, Svo.
Eyre, Lt. Vincent, R. N. 1. Military Operations at
Cabul, 4th ed., Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. 2. Journal of Impri-
sonments continued and concluded, 1843, cr. Svo. 3. Por-
traits of the Cabul Prisoners, 1843, Svo. 4. Prison Sketches,
1843, cr. Svo.
" Lieutenant Kyre, whose name is prominently mentioned in the
celebrated letter of Lady Sale, was a foremost actor in the scenes
of this dreadful tinie, and has described them with the knowledge
and precision of an .iccomplished soldier, and in the manner and
temper eminently suited to such a narrative — straightforward,
manly, unalTected." — Lon. Examiner.
" I will ask you to read the Narrative of Lieutenant Eyre, and
remind you of the description there jiiven of the greatest disaster
that ever Vfidl a British Army."— SiK Robert Pkel, in the House
of Ciimmo)is.
Eyre, W'm., d. 1670, a Calvinistic divine, a native of
Wiltshire, entered the Univ. of Oxf., 1629, aged 16 ; minis-
ETR
FAB
ter of 8t. Eilraund's Clnirch. .S;il!sbury, 1654; ejected for
noiKdnrcirinily, 10(12. Epistuhi ad Vsseriuin de texlus Ile-
hraii-i v:iriiintiliU3 Leetionilms, Lon., 1R52, 4to. The true
JustiliiMtinn of a Sinner exidained, Ac, 1654; in Latin,
under the title of Vindicise Justiticationis Gratuitee, 1654,
4to.
Eyre, Wm., of Buckingham. Serm., 1785, 4to.
Eyres, Joseph. The Church Sleeper awakened; or,
a Perm, from Ai't.s XX. 0, Lon., 1059, 12nio.
Eytoii, John, Vicar of Wellington, and Kector of Ey-
ton, Sal.>p. Serms., 1S05, '07, '10. Serms. on various Sub-
ject«, Wellington, 1S15, 2 vols. Svo.
Eytoii, 11. W., Kector of Ryton. Antiquities of Shrop-
shirc, l*ts. 1 to 4, comprising vol. i., 1854, r. Svo; ii., 1855j
iii., and Pts. 1 and 2 of vol. iv., 1856.
'Myhen completed it will be .i book wliich m.iy find a place in
every gentleman's library in the country to whichit belongs, with-
out the olijectiou of enormous bulb or excessive price." — Lon.
Alheua'um.
" It is written in that unalToctcd and simple, yet lurid and forci-
ble, style, which must recnmiend it to the general historical
reader." — iShrnvshitry Chronicl''.
Eyton, T. C.' 1. Hist, of the Rarer British Birds,
Lon., 1838, 8vo. This forms a Supplement to Bewick's
British Birds. 2. Monograph of the Anatidw, or Duck
Tribe, Lon., 1838, 4to. 3. Lecture on Artificial Manures,
1844, 8vo. 4. Herd-Book of Hereford Cattle, p. Svo. VoL
i., 1846; vol. ii., Pt. 1, 1848; vol. ii., Pt. 2, 1853.
"The work contains the lists, pedigrees, and portraits of the
most celebrated bulls of that breed, and the prices at wbiuh many
of them were sold. It is a very entertaining book to those CQD-
nected with Herelbrd cattle.''— iJonaidsOTi's Affricult. Biog.
E
Faber, Frederick Wm., formerly a clergyman of
the Church of England, and now a Priest of the'Oratory,
in the Church of Rome. 1. Tracts on the Church and the
P. Book, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Serm. on Education, 1840,
Svo. 3. Cherwell Water-Lily, and other Poems, Lon., 1840,
fp. 8vo. 4. Styrian Lake, and other Poems, 1842, fp. 8vo.
5. Sights and Thoughts in Foreign Churches, and Foreign
People, 1842, Svo. 6. Sir L.ancelot, a Poem, 1844, fp. Svo.
7. Rosary, and other Poems, 1845, fp. Svo. 8. Jesus and
Mary; or, Catholic Hymns, ISmo. 9. Essay on Beatifica-
tion and Canonization, 1848, p. Svo. lO.'Oratory of St.
Philip Neri, 1S50, 12mo. 11. Catholic Home Missions, 1851,
12mo. 12. All for .Jesus: 3d ed., 1855. 12mo. Other works.
Faber, George Stanley, 1773-1S54, Master of
Sherhurn Hospital, and Prebendary of Salisbury, educated
at University Coll., O.xf., was elected Fellow and Tutor of
Lincoln Coll. before he had re.ached his 21st year. In 1803
he relinquished his fellowship by marriage; after which
he acted for two years in the capacity of curate to his fa-
ther, the Rev. Thomas Faber, of Calverley, near Bradford,
Yorkshire. In 1805 he became vicar o'f Stockton-upon-
Tees, three years later vicar of Redmarshall, and in ISU
vicar of Longnewton, where he remained for 21 years.
For these preferments he was indebted to the friendship
of Bishop Barrington. In 1831 Bishop Burgess collated
Mr. F.aber to a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral; and in
1832 Bishop Van Mildert gave him the mastership of Slier-
burn Hospital, which he retained fur the long term of 22
years— being called to his rest January 27, 1S54, in the
Slst year of his age. Mr. Faber's profound erudition, ar-
dent piety, and uncompromising advocacy of what he
esteemed the truth, rendered him an object of respect and
veneration with all classes of his fellow-men. The follow-
ing list of his writings exhibits in a striking light the com-
prehensive character of his studies. We extract the titles
from the London Gentlemen's Magazine for May, 1854,
where the reader will find an interesting biographical no-
tice of this excellent man and useful writer:
1. Two Sermons, Feb. 10, 1799. 2. An attempt to ex-
plain, by recent events. Five of the Seven Vials, Rev. xvii.
1, 1799, Svo. 3. Horaj Mosaica; ; or, A View of the Mo-
saical Records : 8 Lectures at the Bampton Lecture, 1801
2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. Svo.
" The leading obj«t of it is to establish the authenticity of the
I'entateu.^h, by pointing out the coincidence of its lacts and state-
ments with the remains of profane anti^iuity. and their connection
with Lbristianity. . . . Whether the Hoiw'.Mosaicie be considered
as a work on the evidences of Christianity, or as furnishing illus-
trations of various parts of the word of God, its claims are e.iuallv
deserving of regard from theChristian student."— Onus's iJiW Bih
' Ihose who liave not the means or leisure to consult the very
valuable works of Mr. Bryant, Mr. Maurice, and Sir W. Jones iii
this line, will find in these volumes many of the most strikin.'
fects brought together, and so arranged as justly to corroborate
and conhrm the events recorded in the Pentateu,-h. The refe-
rences to other authors are numerous: nor are these confined
solely to the ancients. Additional notes and illustrations are to
oT'Jc? ""^ ™* °f '"^"^ volume."— Brihs'i Critic, xix., 0. S.,
pp. O^-. OOfl. ' , ,
•■ Erudite and evangelical."- Bi'rtcrstett's (7. S.
4. Divine Authority conferred by Episcopal Ordination
necessary to a legitimate discharge of the Christian minis-
try, a Serm., 1802.
5. A Dissert, on the Mysteries of the Cabyri; or. The
great (jods of Phtenicia, kc, 1803, 2 vols. Svo.
"This work establishes the justice of the remark made on the
author s profound acjuaintance with anti,juitv. In this respect
It is second only to the .\ncient .Myth..logy of liryaut, from which
It differs on several important points, on which, however, Mr Bry-
ant himself changed his mind after the publication of his great
wiirk. There are many things, learned and curious, and many
things also fanciful, in the 'Mysteries of the Cabyri.'"— Orme'j
BM. Bih.
6. Thoughts on the Arminian and Calvinistic Contro-
versy, 1803, Svo. 7. Dis.scrtation on the Prophecies that
have been fulfilled, are now fulfilling, or will hereafter be
fulfilled, relative to the great period of 1200 years, the
Papal .and Mahiunedan Aposlacies. the tyrannical reign of
Antichrist, or the Infidel Power, .and the Restoration of
the Jews, 180C, 2 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1810: 5th ed., 1814;
vol. ill., ISIS. Supplement to the above, 1806, Svo. This
work, the author remarks, is superseded by his Sacred
Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. Svo. See No. 18. 8.
Answer to Bicheuo, 1S07, Svo. 9. View of the Prophecies
relating to Judah and Israel, 1S08, 2 vols. Svo. Again,
1809, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A very valnalile work." — Bickersifth.
10. Dissert, on the LXX. weeks of Daniel, ISll, Svo. 11.
On the Ordinary Oiierations of the Holy Spirit, 1813, Svo;
6th ed., 1846, fp. Svo.
" A valuable expi-rimental work." — Bickerafefh.
12. The Origin of Pagan Idolatry, 1816, 3 vols. 4to.
".\n elaborate perfljrmance." — Ornie's Bibl. Bih.
13. Serms. on Various Subjects and Occasions, 1816-20,
2 vols. Svo.
"These sermons are evidently the production of no common
mind. They comprise many suijects of high importance, and are
handled with such force of argument, and such correctness of lan-
guage and taste, that few persons will take up the work without
giving it an entire perusal."— £.»». Christian Observer.
Also highly commended in the British Critic.
14. Serm., Isa. Ix. 1-5 ; the Conversion of the Jews, &«.,
1822, Svo. 15. The Genius and Object of the Patriarchal,
the Levitical, and the Christian Dispensations, 1823, 2 vols.
Svo.
" This partakes strongly of all the ch.iracteristics of Mr. Faber's
writings— strong, masculine sense, extensive classical erudition,
and a hearty love of hypothesis. There is a great deal said in
these volumes that r>iud be true, much that may be true, though
not proved to be so. and many things that we believe not to be
true. He combats Bishop Warburton very successfully." — Orm^s
Bill!. Bih.
16. The DiCBculties of Infidelity, 1824, Svo.
'■ A masterly and powerfully-written treatise, the purpose of
which is to show, not only that Infidelity has its own proper dilfl-
cullies as well as Christianity, but that those difficulties are in-
comparably greater and more formidable."
" Falier's works are full of research and valuable matter: he is
an original and pious writer." — BicWrstetfi.
17. The Difficulties of Romanism, 1826, Svo. 18. Sup-
plement to ditto, 1828, Svo: 2d ed., 1830, Svo; 3d ed.,1853,
Svo. Trans, into French and Italian. An Answer to this
was written by J. F. M. Trevern, Bishop of Strasbourg,
trans, by the Rev. F. C. Ilusenbeth, and pub. in Lon.,
1828, Svo. Faber replied in his Supplement, and Mr
Husenbeth pub. several treatises upon the subject. See
Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
19. Original Expbatory !5.acrifice, 1827, Svo. 20. The
Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed.,
1844, 3 vols. 12mo.
" Worthy of careful study. It throws much light on the pre-
dictions of the Book of Daniel." — Bickerstetii.
"Mr. Faber h.as endeavoured to combine together the various
prophecies both of the Old and New Testament, wbiih treat of
the grand double periud of .seven times: a period coinciding with
those times of the (ientiles, which are styled, by Jlr. Jlcde, 'The
Sacred Calendar of Prophecy.' In the present more extensive
work, the author has rectified various errors in his preceding pul>-
lications on prophecy." — Hornets Bibl. Bib.
See an analysis of this work in British Critic, AprU,
673
FAB
1S33. 21. Letters on the Catholic Question, 1829, 8vo.
22. Answer to Mr. Ilusenbeth, 1829, 8vo. See Nos. 17
and 18. 23. Four Letters on Catholic Emancipation,
(1829,) 8vo. 24. The Fruits of Infidelity contrasted with
the Fruits of Christianity, 1S31, 12mo. 25. Assize Serm.,
1832, 8vo. 26. The Apostolicity of Trinitarianism, 1832,
2 vols. 8vo. 27. Recapitulated Apostacy the only Ration-
ale of the concealed Apocalyptic name of the Roman Em-
pire. 1833, 12mo.
■• Falier lirin','s arguments to show that aTTOtrTarn? is the name
inteudvil by St. John, and its number mGr—Lown<(<\-i's Brit. Lib.
28. The Primitive Doctrine of Election, 183(5, 8vo; 2d
ed., 18-12, Svo.
"AVe do not hesitate to express our opinion that this will be
found the most useful of all Mr. Faber's writings."— i«n. Christian
RemembraJicer.
'• A laborious and learned work." — BriU'xh Critic.
' Mr. Faber verifies his opinions by demonstration. We cannot
FAI
1516. fol.; 2d. printed by W.Rastell, 1553. 2 vols, fol.: 3d,
printed by Wm. Bonham, 1542, 2 vols. fol. ; 4th, printed
by John Kyngton, 1559, 2 vols, fol.; 5th, with a biocrra-
phical and literary Preface, and an Index by Henry Ellis,
1811. r. 4to. This is from Pynson's ed., collated with the
other eds., and a MS. of the author's own time, including
the different continuations.
'• The tirst post in the sixteenth century is due to Robert Fabian,
an eminent merchant, and sometimeSberiff of London. Both Dal©
and Pits subdivide his historical writings into a threat many seve-
ral treatises; but, I presume, what they call his Ilistorarium Con-
cordantiieisthe sum of all. . . . Ileis very particular in the affairs
of London, many good things beinj: noted l.y him, whiih concern
the government of that great city, hardly to be had elsewhere.'' —
Bishop Niailsfm's Eng. Hist. Lib.
"Our author's transitions from verse to prose, in the coursfi of
a prolix narrative, seem to be made with much ease. and. ^hi-n be
begins to versify, the historian disappears only l,>y the addition of
rhyme and stanza. . . . As an historian, our author is the dull *
oav it hi"her respect than by recommending it to all."— CAiircft of compilers. He is etiuallv attentive to the succession of the
^ .• ,, .r ,. "^ ■ I n.»^^.c ^e t /^r..i>^n a .. H i\f tha innii..! ri.lis of F.n»rl,.>nn : ant! seems
of K'i'j. <juar. Review.
29.' Jlr. Husenbeth's professed Refutation of the Argu-
ment of the Diffioulties of Komanism, 1S36, Svo. See
Nos. 17. 18, .ind 22.
.SO. The Primitive Doctrine of Justification, 1837, Svo;
2d ed., 18.39. 31. Vallenscs and Albigenees, IS.SS, Svo.
32. Tlie Primitive Doctrine of Regeneration, 1S40, Svo.
33. The Doctrine of Transubstanti.ation, associated with
(34.) Rcmarlis on Dr. Wiseman's Lectures on the Doctrines
of the R. C. Church, 1840, Svo.
*'Tliis work will be found full of sound information and learn-
jntr, well disposed, and broui^ht with Rood effect on the arpumeut.
The whole book is written with logical force and precision, and
the sopliistries of his antagonist clearly detected." — hon. Gentle-
ijuzh's Ma'jiAzine.
35. Provincial Letters, on the " Tracts for the Times,"
1S42, 2 vols. 12mo: 2d ed., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo. |
"But this much we will say, that no one desirous of fully un-
derstandiu'i the whole of the controversy relative to the Tractarian
School should omit to procure these volumes. Mr. Painter has
done well, both for the Churchman and the Church, in drawing
forth from Mr. Faber these Provincial Letters; and Mr. Faber has
proved more thau ever his love of that Church of which he is a
sincere and euli;;htened and high-principled supporter." — Church
and State Gazette.
36. Eight Dissert, upon the promise of a Mighty Deli-
verer, 1845, 2 vols. Svo.
" Mr. Faber has not confined his attention to one branch of study
. — he lias taken the whole range of prophecy; and wherever pro-
fane learning or Gentile traditions could throw any light on flie
subject, he has not omitted fully and judiciously to avail himself
of tile collateral helps for better understanding what m.iy be called
the macttinery of sacred visions and prophecies; and so more cor-
rectly applying the highly wrought predictions to the truly corre-
sponding historical events." — Ch.of Eiiel. Qiuir. Review.
37. Letters on Tractarian Secession to Popery, 1846,
12mo. 38. A Reply to a Letter to G. S. Faber, hy Christo-
pher, Lord Bishop of Bangor, 1847, Svo. 39. The Three
Unproved Assertions, Ac., 1850, 12mo. Refers to Baptis-
mal Regeneration. 40. Many Mansions in the Home of
the Father, 1851, Svo. 41. Papal Infallibility, 1851, Svo.
42. The Revival of the French Emiicrorship anticipated
from the necessity of Prophecy, 1853, 12mo; 4 eds. in the
same year.
It will he ohserved that Mr. Faher's forty-two publica-
tions extend over a period of fifty-five years, t. e., 1799-
1853. Few who have written so much and so long have
so well maintained their reputation. In this conne.xion
we may justly quote the remarks of the author of The
Christian Preacher :
" Mr. Faber is the most voluminous writer of the age. For seve-
ral years his publications have appeared with surprising rapidity,
considering their nature; and yet not one of them bears any mark
of undue haste. His Horo' Meisaicfp. Origin of Idolatry, Bitficulties
of Komanism. Difficulties of Infidelity, and treatises on Election,
Justification, Regeneration, .\postolici'ty of Trinitarj.anism. &c., are
among the most valuable publications of modern times." — Dr. E.
WilHams's C. P.
Faber, John, Sr. Portraits of the Founders of Col-
leges in Oxford and Cambridge, in mezzotinto, Lon., 1712,
large 4to, or small fol. They have been printed with the ad-
dition of borders, and some of them have been retouched,
and published by Parker. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Faber, Nicholas. A Woman's Prophecying, 4to.
Fabian, or Fabyan, Robert, d., according to Stowc,
1511, .according to Bale, 1512, an alderman of London, is
celebrated as the author of Fabyau's Chronicle, whiche he
mayors of London and of the monarchs of Kngland; and seems
to have thought the dinners at Guildhall, and the pageantries of the
city companies, more interesting transactions than our victories in
France, and our struggles for public liberty at home." — W-irt^m's
Hist, nf Evq. Poetry; and see Ilibdin's Typ. Anti,i. of G. Brit., and
Sir Henry Ellis's I'reC to Fabyan's Chronicle, edit. l.Sll.
Fackler, David Morris. Letter to Rt. Rev. G. W.
Doane, Bp. of N. Jersey; vindicating his (F.'s) priesthood,
N. York, 1851, Svo.
Facy, Wm. Stenography, 1672.
"This system exhibits no real improvement upon those of its
predecessors." — Lnwnde^'s Bihl. Man.
Faden, Wm. The Regal Table, Lon., 171S, 12mo.
Fadeu, Wm. G. 1. The Brit. Colonies in N. America,
1777, fol. 2- Geographical Exercises, 1778, foh 3. Atlas
Minimus Universalis, 1798, 12mo.
Fagc, John. Speculum Egrotorum : The Sick Man's
Glass, Lon., 1606, Svo; 1638, 4to.
Fage, Mary. Fame's Rovie, Lon., 1637, Svo. This
contains a roll of 420 persons of distinction. Bibl. .Anglo-
Poet., £311, q. V. Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1162, £20 5«.
Fage, Robert. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1645, 12mo.
Fage, Robert. Descrip. of the World. Lon., 1658, Svo.
Fair, F. M. Abridgt. of 1st Rep. of the Commiss. of
Cts. Com. Law, Lon., 1829, Svo.
Fair, George. Weights .and Measures.
Fairbairn. Act for Arming the N.ation, 1803.
Fairbairn, John. Treatise on Breeding, Rearing,
and Feeding Cheviot and Blaekfaced Sheep, 1823, Svo.
Fairbairn, Rev. Patrick, of Salton. 1. Exposition
of the 1st Epist. of St. Peter, 1836, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Worthy of standing on the same shelf with Ernesti, Tholuck,
and others."— -3/c//i*«Z. Mag.
] 2. The Typology of Scripture, Edin., 1S45, '47, 2 vols.
12mo; 3d ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo; Phila., 1853, Svo.
"By far the soberest, most systematic, and most .satisfactory
work of the kind which we have yet seen." — Ch.of Eng. Quar. h'ev.
"A learned, judicious, and truly evangelical volume." — J. PtE
Smitti, D.D.
3. Comment, on the Psalms. Trans, from E. M. Heng-
stenberg, D.D., hy Rev. P. Fairbairn and Rev. J. Thomson,
1845-48, 3 vols. Svo.
" We have met with no commentator who displays higher powers
or sounder qualifications than Prof. Uengstenberg." — Churcleman's
Mantfily Review.
4. Jon.ah, his Life, Character, and Mission, 1849, 12mo.
5. Ezekiel, and the Book of his Prophecy, 1851, Svo.
" A work which casts considerable light on one of the obscurest
portions of God's word." — Kitto^s Journal.
6. The Revelation of St. John; trans, from E. W. Ueng-
stenberg, D.D., Edin., 1851, 2 vols. Svo. 7. Prophecy, Ac.,
lS5fi, Svo. 8. Hcrmeneutical Manual, 1858, Svo.
Fairbanks, George R. Hist, and Antiq. of the
City of St. Augustine, Florid:i, N. York, 1S5S,
Fairchild, Ashbel G., D.D. The Great Supper:
three discourses on Luke xiv. 16-24, Phila., ISmo. This
defence of the Calvinistic systemhas been widely circulated.
Fairchild, 'rhomas. On the difl'erent .and sometimes
contrary motion in Plants, Phil. Tr.ans., 1724.
Fairchild, Thomas. Serin., 1757.
Fairclongh, Daniel and John. See Featlet.
Fairclough, Samuel. The Troublers Troubled,
Lon., 1641, 4to. Serms., 1650, '75.
Fairfax, B. Treatise of the Just Interest of the Kings
^yriri^^u";;! U^rcr^c^nS:^;: of'ffiX;;;r Thi; of England,'Ac.,1703,12mo InLaudemBot^icesOratio,
history is divhled into seven portions: 1st to 6th inclusive, . 1717, 4to. Orat.o Apologelica, Ac, 1, 18 4to
from fhe landing of Brute t.' the Norm.an Conquest; 7th, 1 Fairfax, Brian, of Alexandria, Virginia, d. 1S02, aged
from the Conquest to the ye.ar 1485. In this last we have 75. Serm
the results of his personal observations. Ho gives a copy
of verses as an epilogue to each portion, under the title of
the Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin. Of the Chruniclo
there have been five edits.— viz., 1st, printed by Pynsou,
iU
in Anur. Preacher, vol. i.
Fairfax, Bryan. 1. Cat. of the Pictures of the Duke
of Buckingham, Lon., 1751, 4to. 2. Cat. of his Library,
1756, Svo. This library was purchased by Mr. F. Child,
and all the catalogues except twenty destroyed. It came
FAT
into the possession of the Countess of Jersey, Osterley
Park. iMi.Mleses.
rairlu.v, lidward, d. 1632, the second son of Sir
Tlniiu;is Fairliix, of Denton, Yorkshire, passed his days in
lettered ease at his seat at Fuyistone. He wrote a poetical
history of Edward, the Blaclt Prince, twelve eclogues, a
Discourse of Witchcraft, some letters against the Church
of Rome, and a trans, of Tasso's Recovery of Jerusalem.
The letters seem to have been the only one of his compo-
sitions which was printed, with the exception of the fourth
of his eclogues, which will be found in Cooper's Muses'
Library, 1737. The trans, of the Recovery of Jerusalem
was first pub. in 1000, fol. ; 2d ed., 162-1, fol. ; 3d ed., 1687,
8vo. The 1st ed. is the most correct; the 2d and 3d are
corrupted by interpolations. 4th ed., 17-19; more .iccurate
than the 2d and 3d, but occasionally modernized by the
editor without much taste or judgment. 5th ed., by Charles
Knight, from the old folio of 1600, 1817, 2 vols. 6th ed.,
retaining the old orthography, by Mr. Singer, 1818, 2 vols.
7th ed., by Charles Knight, 1844, 2 vols. 8th ed., 1863,
2 vols. Amer.ed., last impression, 1855, 12mo. TheAmer.
ed. gives the te.\tof Charles Knight's ed. from the old folio
ed. of 1600. Prefl.\ed will be found a Critique on Fair-
fax's Tasso, by Leigh Hunt, Charles Knight's Lives of
Tasso and Fairfa.\, and (taken from Singer's ed.) the Com-
mendatoi-y Poem by Robert Gould to the 3d ed., and a
Poem entitled The Genius of Godfrey to Prince Charles.
To this excellent ed. we must refer the reader for much
valuable information respecting Tasso and his translator.
See alsoEiog. Brit, for an interesting account of Fairfax,
by Dr. Kippis. Few translations have been honoured with
commendations from so many distinguished authorities.
The names of King James, King Charles, Dryden, Waller,
and Collins, by no means exhajist the list.
" iMilton has acknowledged to me that Spenser was his original ;
and mauy besides myself have beard our fimious WaUer own that
he derived the harmony of his numbers from 'Godfrey of Bulloii-ne '
which was turned into iinglish by Mr. Fairfax."— iJruiicn's Pnface
to hts Fdhles.
'• Fairfax has translated Tasso with an elegance and ease, and
at the same time with an exactness, which, for that age, are sur-
prisiug.'— Hume: Uislory of England.
" We do not know a translation in any language that is to be pie-
ferred to this in all the essentials of poetry."— ion. (JuartiTi^ifemcw.
" Fairfax I have been a long time in quest of. .Tohnson, in his Life
otVi aller. gives a most delicious specimen of him."— Cuaules LiMc.
Dr. Johnson introduces the ciuotation to which Lamb
refers, with the remark that Fairfax's version, "after Mr.
Hoole's translation, will perhaps not be soon reprinted."
For comparisons of the two translations see authorities
cited above.
"Edmund [Edward] Fairfax, one of the most judicious, elegant
and haply m his time most approved, of English Translators, bntlj
for his choice of so worthily extoll'd a heroic poet as Tortiualo
Tasso, as for the exacln,-,«s of his version, in which he is judged by
some to have appnivr,! l,i,„sflf no less a poet than in what he
hath written ol Ins cmn '^,nuK:'—PliiUips's Theat. rnet.
Fairfav, Ferdiuauilo, Lord, d. 1648. 1. Letter to
the Earl of Essex, Lon., 1643, 4to. 2. Letter rel. to the
Victory at Selby, 1644, 4to.
Fairfax, John. Life of 0. Stockton, 1681, 4to.
Fairtax-, Nathaniel, M.D. Bulk and Selvedge of
the World, Lon., 1674, 12mo. Med. &,(:. con. to Phil. Trans
1667, '68. '
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, 1611-1671, the celebrated
Parliamentary general, was a warm friend to learning, and
gave to the Bodleian Library 29 ancient MSS. and 49
modern ones. He was the author of Short Memorials of
Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Lon., 1699, 8vo, and left many theo-
logical, poetical, and other MS. compositions. See Biog
Brit.; Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors; Bibl. Brit.
"One can easily believe his having been the tool of Cromwell
when one sees, by his own memoirs, how little idea he had of what
he had been iibout."— Horace Waipole: R. d n. Aulliors.
See also the Fairfax Correspondence, being Memorials
of the Civil War, from the Correspondence of the Fairfax
Family with the most Distinguished Personages engai^ed
in the contest; edited by Robert Bell; fine portraits and
facsimiles, 1849, 4 vols. 8vo, (pub. £3.)
"The discovery of the Fairfax i\ls8. is an era in modem literary
history. Crowded with minute details and inaividual experiences,
they bring us closer to the actual vicissitudes of those stirrin-
times than any previous publication ; and written, for the mos't.
part, at the instant, on the field of battle or in the midst of councils
ol war they preserve a vigour and freshness which contrasts most
agreeably with the formal histories of the period "
Fairfax, Thomas. The Complete Sportsman; or,
Country Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., 8vo.
Fairfax, Wm., eldest son of Edward Fairfax, the
translator of Tasso, tr.ans. Diogenes Laertius out of Greek
into English. He was grammatical tutor to Thomas Stan-
Icy, the author of The Hist, of Philosophy.
FAL
Fairfield, Miss Genevieve Genevra, b. 1832, in
N. York, is the eldest daughter of Sumner Lincoln Fair-
field. 1. Genevra; or. The History of a Portrait. 2. The
Vice President's Daughter. 3. The Wife of Two Husbands.
4. The Innkeeper's Daughter, Irene, Ac. Miss Fairfield is
a resident of the city of New York.
Fairfield, iVIrs. Jane, widow of Sumner Lincoln
Fairfield, is a native of Rahway, N. Jersey. Life of Sum-
ner Lincoln Fairfield, New York, 1846, 12mo. This is an
interesting volume, and does great credit to Mrs. Fairfield's
sensibility and conjugal affection. She is a resident of the
city of New York.
Fairfield, John. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of
M.aine. Hallowell, 1835-37, 3 vols. 8vo.
Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln, 1803-1844, a native
of Warwick, Massachusetts, acquired considerable reputa-
tion as a poet. His principal works are the fidlowing : 1.
The Cities of the Plain. 2. The Heir of the World, 1828.
3. The Spirit of Destruction, 1830. 4. The Last Night of
Pompeii, 1832. 6. The Sisters of Saint Clara. A collec-
tion of his writings was pub. in Phila. in 1841. Many of
his poetical and prose writings were originally pub. in the
North American M.agazine, a monthly periodical conducted
by him for some years in the city of Philadelphia. For
further particulars respecting Fairheld — certainly a poet
of no ordinary rank — we must refer to the biography by
his widow, Mrs. Jane Fairfield, noticed above.
" He wrote much, and generally with commend.able aims. His
knowledge of books was extensive and accurate. lie had consi-
derable fancy, which at one period was under the dominion of culti-
vated taste and chastened feeling."— GnswoWs I'ock and Poetry
irf America, q. v.
Fairholme, George. 1. A Genl. View of the Geo-
logy of Scripture, in which the unerring truth of the in-
spired narrative of the early events of the world is exhi-
bited, and distinctly proved by the corroborative testimony
of physical facts on every part of the earth's surface, Lon.,
1838, 8vo. A French trans., entitled Positions Geologiqiies
et Verification directe de la Bible, was pub. at Munich in
1834, 8vo.
" We strongly recommend this work to the religious reader as
an armoury of facts, where he may choose defensive weapons
against the attacks of the infldel."— ion. Evang. Register.
2. New and Conclusive Physical Detnonstr.ations, both
of the Fact and Period of the Mosaic Deluge, and of its
hiiving been the only event of the kind that has ever
occurred upon the earth, 1838, 8vo; 2d ed., 1840, 8vo.
"Mr. Faiiholme's two treatises (especially the last 1 are the most
scientific ofall the publications which liav.- hilliprlo been published
on the subject of the gclogiral and olbei- ])livsir.-d pioofs of the
universal deluge recorded by Moses."— -Z/'/r/iL'*- Uibl. Bib.
See Lord, David N.
Fairholt, P. W. 1. Costume in England ; A History
of Dress to the close of the 18th century, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
" One of the most useful and interesting books we b.ave seen for
a long time." — Lmi, Literary Gazette.
2. The Home erf Shakspere Hlustrated and Described,
1847, 12mo. An interesting little volume. 3. Remarkable
and Scientific Characters, 1849, sq.
Fairlie, Mrs. Portraits of the Children of the No-
bility ; from drawings by Alfred E. Chalon and other emi-
nent artists. Edited by Mrs. Fairlie, r. 4to.
"The conception of this publication was a brilliant idea."— ion.
Liierary Gazette.
" A splendid volume. It is appropriately dedicated to the Queen,
and will, no doubt, speedily find its way into almost every aristo-
cratical mansion in the kingdom." — Eclectic Rei-ieiv.
Fairman, Capt. 1. Drawback on Wine, 1804, Svo.
2. Letters on the existing Difi'erenccs between G. Brit, and
Amer., 1813, Svo. 3. Reduc. of the Forces, 1SI4, 8vo.
Fairman, Wm. 1. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1783, 4to.
2. Treatise on Geography, use of the Globes, and Astro-
nomy, 1788, 8vo.
F'airman, Wm. 1. The Public Stocks examined,
Lon., 1795, Svo; Appendix, 1796, 8vo. 2. Life Assurance,
1811, 8vo.
Fairwheater, Thomas. Serms., 1697, 4to.
F'aithorn, John. Liver Complaint, 3d ed., 1818.
Faithorne, Wm., 1616-1691, a celebrated engraver,
a native of London. The Art of Engraving and Etching,
Lon., 1662. See Walpole's Anecdotes; Strutt's Diet.; Bry-
an's Diet.; Spooner's Diet.
Faleh, N., M.D. Latitude at Sea, Lon., 1771, 4to.
Seamen's Medical Instructor, 1774, Svo. Other works on
medicine, mechanics, Ac, 1772-79.
Falcon, Thomas. Serm., 1760, Svo.
Falcon, Wm. Astrologorum Ludus, Lon., 1571, 4to.
Falconar, Harriet and Maria. 1. Poems, Lon.,
1788, 12mo. 2. Poems on Slavery, 1788, Svo. 3. Poetic
Laurels, 1791, 4to.
675
FAL
ralcoiibridge,Alex. SlaveTrade, Lon., 1788, 8vo. j
Falcoubiidge, Anna Maria. Two Vuyages to |
Sierra Lecue, ITHl, '92, Lon., 17il4, 12mo; 1795.
Falconer, Sir David, of Newton. Decisions of the ]
Lords of Council and Session, Nov. 1681-Jan. 1686, Edin., .
1701, 4to. .
Falconer, David. Decisions of the Ct. of Sessions,
Nov. 17J:4-Dec. 1751, Bdin., 1746-53, 2 Yols. fol.
Falconer, David. A Journey from Joppa to Jeru-
salem, in May, 1751, with occasional Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to.
Contains many amusing passages.
Falconer, Hugh. Selections from the Bostan ot
Sadi, Lon., 1S38, 16mo. These selections comprise about
a third part of the Moral Poems or chain ot Apologues, the
Bostan of Sadi. „ ^-r , t- I
*' Sadii opus perfectissimum Rustan." — Gul. Joms.
In conjunction with Prohy T. Cautley : launa Antiqua ;
Sivalonis; in Pts., fol., 1846, Ac.
•■ A work ofimmc-nse labour and ,ese.-irch."->^<Mr«s o/ tte Pre- i
sid.-nl „f Ih.- Geulon.cal Sociel!/ of Lmulon, ■MhF,h.,Wa.
Falconer, John. Cryptomenys.s Patefacta; or, ihe
Art of Decyphoriiig Secret Writing, Lon., 1685, 8vo ; IbMJ.
Falconer, Magnus. 1. Experimental Intpuries on
Blood, ic, Lon.. 1776, 8vo. 2. Synop. of Lect. on Anat.
and Surgery. 1779, 8vci.
Falconer, Capt. Richard. His Voyages,_Danger-
ous Adventures, and Imminent Escapes, Lon., 1724, 8vo ;
newed., 1837, 18mo. This is said to be fictitious. It was
a great favourite of Sir Walter Scott;
■• I have no hubby-hcirsi,-a\ commissions at present, unless if you
meet the Voyages of Capfiii. Ki.hiir.i or Kolwrt Falconer, in one
volume-' cow-heel, quntl, San.-lio'-I mark them for my own. —
ScoU to Daniel rtrry. 20H. Oct., IHu.
Scott had long vainly sought for this coveted volume:
" It is very scarce; for, endeavouring to add it to the other la-
vourites of my infancy, I think I looked for it ten years to no pur-
pose, and at last owed it to the .active kindness of Mr. lerry. —
-Many thanks for Captain liichard Falconer. . . . Nothingever
disturbed mv feelings more than when, sitting by the old oak
table mv au'nt. I,adv liaeburn, used to read the lamentable catas-
trophe of the ship's departing without Captain Falconer, iii cons^^
quence of the whole party making free with lim,»punch on the eve
of its being launched."— S»M (o Dixvid Terry, i\in>. 10, 1814. See
Lockhart's Life of Scott.
Falconer, Thomas, 1736-1792, a learned layman,
a native and resident of Chester, England. 1. Devotions
for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 1786, anon. Many
eds 2 Chronological Tables from Solomon to the death
of Alexander the Great, Oxf., 1796, 4to. See strictures on
this work in Rev. Robert Walker's Historical Time, Lon.,
1798, 8vo. 3. Strabouis Geographia. 6r. et Lat. This
was left unfinished, but was completed and pub. by Mr.
F.'s nephew. Rev. Thomas Falconer.
" It has been said that this edition, so long in preparation, dis-
appointed the expectations of the learned. Whatever be the fact,
it is vet considered as the most valuable and ample edition of
Ptrabo, and copies are not to be procured under the sum ol five or
six guineas."— /'i6t/i>i'.< Inlroduc. In Gr. and Lat. Classics.
4. Observ. on Pliny's Account of the Temple of Diana
at Ephesus; in Archa'ol., vol. xi.
Falconer, Rev. Thomas, d. 1839, nephew of the
preceding. 1. The Voyage of Hanno, trans., &c., 0x1.,
1797, 8vo. 2. Remarks on Bryant on the War of Troy,
Lon., 1799, 8vo. 3. Strabonis, see ante. 4. Certain Prin-
ciples in Ev.anson's Dissonance of the Evangelists, ex-
amined in 8 discourses, preached ISIO, at the Bampton
Lecture, Oxf., 1 81 l,8vo; Appendix, 1822,.Svo. Other works.
" To sav that he has vanquished Evanson is to give but too little
oraise. We set forth the volume as a magazine Irom which the
warrior in the cause of truth m.ay fill his quiver."— £iim. Clinstiaa
"Valconer, Thomas. On the Discovery of the Mis-
sissippi, Lon., 1S44, 12mo. See Rich's Bibl. Amor. Nova,
""Falconer, Thomas, and E. H. Fitzherbert.
Reports of controverted Elections determined in H. C,
Lon.. 1839, Svo. ,. -„,.
Falconer, William, 1730-1769, the son of an Edm-
bur<'h barber, at a very early ago became a sailor boy on
board a Leith merchantman. When in his 18th year, he
was wrecked in the Britannia off Cape Colonna, only three
of the crew being saved; and in 1760 suHered a second
shipwreck in the Ramilies, when of 734 souls only 26
escaped. In 1751 he pub. a Poem on the death of Frede-
rick Prince of Wales. This sooms to have excited but
little attention. But eleven years later be gave evidence
of the possession of remarkable poetical powers by the
publicaticm of The Shipwreck, (subsequently enlarged and
improved,) dedicated to the Duke of York. His royal
highness acknowledged the compliment of the dedication
676
FAL
by having the poet appointed a midshipman. After acting
in this capacity, and that of purser, for some time, he re-
tired to the enjoyment of domestic life, having married a
Miss Hicks, daughter of the surgeon of Sheerncss Yard.
He now pub. an Ode on the Duke of York's second depart-
ure fr.mi England, as Rear-Admiral, and The Demagogue,
a satire on Lord Chatham, Wilkes, and Churchill. In
1769 be gave to the world A Universal Dictionary of the
Marine, 4to, 1771, '811, '84, '89. New and enlarged ed. by
Dr. Wm. Burney, 1815, r. 4to.
•• A grand National work, comprehending every thing relating
to the Marine of this country : a performance which displays great
industry, sagacity, and precision, and is indispensable to every ona
concerned iu maritime affairs. It is well worthy a place in every
English library."- iwi. Gent. Mat/.
About this time he is said to have received proposals
from John Murray, afterwards the eminent publisher, to
enter into the book business. But the ofler of the purser-
I ship to the Aurora, about to sail to India, no doubt revived
all the sailor's love of the sea, and Falconer sailed in thi3
vessel from England, Sept. 30, 1769. She is known to
have touched at the Cape, but was never heafd of after-
wards She is supposed to have foundered in the Mozam-
biciue Channel. It adds a melancholy interest to the
j thrilling scenes depicted in The Shipwreck, to remember
that the author experienced all, not excepting the last and
most fearful, of the horrors which he has so graphically de-
scribed. A second ed. of The Shipwreck was pub. in 1764,
Svo; 3d ed., 1785, Svo; New ed., with critical Remarks,
additional Notes, and the Life of the Author, by the Rev.
James Stanier Clarke, 1804, Svo. Other eds. of The Ship-
wreck, 1808, r. 4to., 1818, 12mo. This last edition contains
an engraving of a ship, with references to an explanatory
table. The v.alue of this auxiliary to a non-nautical reader
need not be enlarged on. The other productions of Fal-
coner have never been highly estimated. An ed. of his
Poems, with a Memoir by the Rev. J. Mitford, (Pickering s
Aldine Poets, vol. xxxvii.) appeared in 1836, 12mo. In
The Shipwreck, Falconer describes an actual occurrence
in which he was a participator— the wreck of the Britannia
off Cape Colonna : , i,. »v ■
" In all Attica, if we except Athens itself and Marathon, there is
no scene more interesting than Cape Colonna. To the antiquary
and artist, sixteen columns are an insxhaustible source of otiser-
vation and design; to the philosopher, the supposed scene ot some
of Plato-s conversations will not be unwelcome; and the traieller
will be struck with the beauty of the prospect over isles that
crown the Jigean deep;' but for an Englishman Colonna has yet
an additional interest, as the actual spot of Falconer s Shipwreck
Pallas and I'lato are forgotten in the recollection of lalconer and
Campbell : , . i
' Here in the dead of night, by Lonna s steep,
The seaman's cry was heard along the deep.
(Pleasures a/ Memory.)"— LORV BvMy. .
"The Shipwreck has been always popular, and will remain so,
whUe British sympathies are excited by the hazards of those who
' Sweep through the deep.
While the storrov tempests blow.'
It contains several fine descriptions of sceuei-y. The characters
ot the oflicers are drawn by a masterly pencil. 'The episode of
Palcmon and Anna is exquisitely wrought, '—a. C. Hall.
The merits of this celebrated composition are indeed un-
deniable. None but a great poet could have written The
Shipwreck, and that great poet must of necessity have
been a thorough sailor. What home and its placid attrac-
tions are to the landsman, the sea and the storm were to
Falconer. He delights in decking the ocean with all the
terrific sublimity and wild beauty of which it is capable,
and then calling upon us to admire the picture : our admi-
ration may be enforced, but whilst we tremble, we cannot
but applaud. .v, •.
But a higher value is claimed for this poem than it
possesses as the means of mere intellectual gratification ;
'• It is of inestimable value to this country, since it coutiuns
within itself the rudiments of navigation : if not sufficient to form
., ,.,,iiiol.t aman. it may certainly be considered as the grammar
of Ills ,1 of.^i'.mil science. I have heard many experienced officers
declare tluit the rules and maxims delivered in this poem, for the
conduct of a ship iu the most perilous emergency, form the best,
indeed the only, opinions which a skilful mariuer should adopt. —
See Clarke's ed. of The Shipwreck.
Falconer, Wm., M.D., 1743-1824, a native of Chester,
and a brother of the Rev. Thomas Falconer, the reviewer
of Evanson's Dis.s(manco of the Gospels, pub. many medi-
cal treatises and other works, on natural history, theology,
Ac, a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and
in Gent. Mag. for Oct. 1824. 1. Remarks on the Influ-
ence of Climate, Ac. on Mankind, Lon., 1781, 4to. 2. An
Essay on the preservation of the Health of persons engaged
iu Agriculture, Ac, 17S9, Svo.
"The author discusses the employment of rural lalxiurers, tlieir
diet, accommodation, and medical tTenlmenV-Donaldson s Jgn-
\ cuU. liufg.
FAL
FAN
3. Miscellaneons Tracts and Collections on Nat. History
from the prioripal writers of Antiquity, 179.'^, 4to.
He was noted for his large stock of general information,
and an eminent friend, at whose table he often dined,
declared that
"He never saw such a man: that he knew evfry thing, and
knew it better than any one else." — Lord TuuRLtnv.
Faltlo, Johu. 1. Quakerism no Christianity, Lon.,
1675, 8vo. 2. 21 Divines cleared from the Crimination of
W. Penn. Ifi7r.. Svo.
FalUo, Thomas. Reformation of Courts of Justice
and Prufee"ling.s at Law, 1649, 4to.
Fale, Robert. Report rel. to Brit. Fishery, Lon.,
17S6. Sv(K
Fale, Thomas. Art of Dialling, Lon., 1503, 4to. 1626.
Fales, Faiiuy. See Swift, Mrs. Frances Eliza-
BRTH.
Falgate, Isaac. Interest, 1G99, Svo. Tables of
do., 12nio.
Falkener, a surgeon. Case of IIydru]>huliia success-
fully treated ; Med. Trans., 1772.
Falkener, EdAVartl. I. Museum of Classical Anti-
quities: a series of Papers on Ancient Art, edited by E.
F., Lon., 1855, r. Svo.
2. Descrip. of some important Theatres and other Re-
mains in Crete; being a supp. tu No. 1, 1S55. r. Svo.
3. Inscriptiones Gra^cas in itincrc Asiaticu collectns ab
Edvardo Falkenero edidit Gu. Heuzenius. Ronia^: ex
annalibus Archaiologioi, Ann. 1852.
Falkener, or Falkuer, Wm., D.D. I. Libertas
Ecclesiastica, Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Christian Loyalty, 1679,
Svo. 3. A Vindication of Liturgies, 1680, Svo. 4. Two
Treatises, 1684, 4to. 5. Serms. on the Visitation and
Burial Services: tracts of Angl. Fathers, iii. 311.
Falkirke, Johu de. Annals of Irish History, 1535-
1641. Lon.. 1814. vol. i., Svo.
Falkland, tirst Viscount. See Cary, Hknry.
Falkland, third Viscount. See Carv, Henry
Lucirs.
Falkland, second Viscount. See Cary, Lucifs.
Falkland. Essay on Bigotry, Lon., 1791, Svo.
Falkland. Review of the Irish H. of Com. and the
Parh Representation, DuM., 1789-90, 2 vols. Svo.
"A rutious and iiitei-esting work." — Lmondrs^a l/ihl. Man.
Falkland, Charles, Viscount. Consid. on the com-
petency of the Pari, of Ireland ti) Union, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Falkland, W. Liberia; aPoem, 1812. 2. Variety;
a Collection of Poems. 1812, Svo.
Falkner, Frederic. In cunjunction with the Author
of British Husbandry: The Muck Manual for Farmers,
Lon., 1S43, 12mo. New cd., 1846, fp. Svo.
"A very useful book." — Loud I'almlrstun.
*■ Much reliable fact, and we i-annut get up from the reading of the
work withoutbeingbenefitod by the task." — Lim. Gardener's Guide.
"A very neat and comprehensive work, and a very creditable
performance." — Dnndldsan's Aijriritlt. Biar/.
Falkuer, Thomas, d. 1 780. a Jesuit missionary of
Manchester, resided for nearly forty years in South Ame-
rica. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts
of South America, Lon., 1774, 4to.
" V>'e have only to regret that the information we here receive is
not more accurate, and the author's authority, in many cases, less
exceptionable." — Lon. Moii(hhj Jicvicw, li. 1774,
Falkner, Wm., D.D. See Falkener.
Fall, James. Scrm.. 1764, Svo,
Fall, Thomas. The Surveyor's Guide, or, every man
his own Road-maker, Retford, 1829, 12mo.
"A most valuable treatise. . . . Surveyors and farmers will be
much iulbrnied. and repaid by the labour of perusing this little
volume." — Donahhon'ii A/jricult. Bing.
Fallal, Ferdinando. Carmina Colloquia, or a dia-
logue bet. the Devil and an Independent, Edin., 1649,4to.
Falle, Philip. 1655-1742, a native of Jersey, became
Rector of St. Saviour's in Jersey, of Shenley in Herts,
and Preb. of Durham. Serms., 1687-1715. Csesarea; or,
an Account of the Island of Jersey, the greatest of those
islands that are now the only remainder of tbo English
Dominions in France, Lon., 1694, Svo; with addits. and
corrections, 1734. Svo. This work is highly esteemed.
Fallow, T. HI,, Curate of All-Souls, St. Marylebone.
The Order of Bapti.-m, both Public and Private, according
to the use of the United Ch. of Eng. and Ireland, Lon.,
1838, 12mo. It includes Synoptical Tables, showing the
alterations in the offices at the revisions, 1552, 1604, '61;
history of the conferences, reasons of the changes made, Ac.
*' If any man, who 5;hall desire a more particular account of the
several alterations in any part of the Liturjiy, shall take the pains
to compare the present book with the former, we doubt not but
the reason of the change may easily appear." — Preface to the Book
qf Common Prayer, a.d. ItJtil.
37
Fallowes, Thomas. Method of Curing Lunatics,
Lon., 1705, Svo.
Fallowlield, J. Christian Conductor, 1795, Svo.
Fallowfield, John. Examination of Wm. Taswell'a
Antichrist revealed annmg the Quakers, Lon., 1723, Svo.
Fallstair, Sir John. Orijiinal Letters of Sir John
Fallstair. jiy the Kov. Henry Bate Dudley.
Fanch, James, a Baptist minister at Romsey. 10
Serms. on Practical Subjects, Keith, 1768, 12mo.
" A man of considerable learning and excellent judgment. His
sermons are fine specimens of sound divinity." — Hist, of the Eng'
lish Baptists.
Fancourt, Samuel, 1 676-176S, a dissenting minister,
the inventor of circulating libraries in London, pub. several
serms. and thcolog. treatises, 1720-46, &c. See Lon. Gent.
Mag., vol. liv.
Fane, Lady Elizabeth, wrote a number of psalms,
and pious meditations, and prnvcrlis, printed by Robert
Crowland, Lun., 1550, Svo, under the title of The Lady
Elizabeth Fane's 21 Psalms and 102 Proverbs. Ballard is
at a loss to kn(jw whetlier this lady was the wife of Richard
Fane or of Sir Thomas Fane. See Memoirs of British
Ladies.
Fane, Henry Edward, late Aide-de-Camp to his
Excellency the Curamander-in-Chief in India. Five Years
in India. Lon.. 1841, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"This is, undoubtedly, the most entertaining work illustrative
of India we have read of late years, and exactly the sort of work
the general read.-T will be sure to appreciate." — Lou. JVew Monthly
Maij.
Fane, Sir Francis, Governor of Doncaster, subse-
quently Governiir of Lincoln, temp. Charles II. 1. Love
in the Dark; a Com., Lon., 1675, 4to. 2. Masque for Lord
Rochester's Valoutinian, 1685, Svo. 3. Sacrifice; a Trag.,
1686, 4to. Sir Francis wrote a number of poems also.
Three will be found in Tate's Collection.
" 'Tis not in Drauiatick Toetry alone that our Author is a Mas-
ter, but his Talent is equal also in Lyricks." — Langbaine^s Eng.
Dram. Poets, q. v.
Fane, Hon. Jnlian. Poems, Lon., 1852, fp. Svo; 2d
ed., with n<lditi..nal Notes, 1853, 12nio.
Fannant, Edward. The liist. of the Life, Reign,
and Death of Edward II,, King of England, Lon., 1680, fol.
Fannant, Thomas. An Hist. Relation of the man-
ner and form of that memorable Parliament which wrought
wonders, begun at Westminster, i;?86, 1641, 4to. Another
ed. same year, with an addit. to the title. See Harleian
Miscellany.
Fannin, John. A Harmony and Exposition of our
blessed Lord's hist Prophecy, Dubl., 1S32, Svo. See this
noticed in Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Fanning, Golhcrt, d. 1810, in Tennessee. Correct
method of searching the Scriptures. Editor of the Agri-
culturist, 5 vols. Svo, and editor of and contributor to va-
rious agricultural journals.
Fanshaw, Sir Thomas. Practice of the Exchequer
Ct. of the offices, officers. <tc., Lun., 1658, 12mo.
Fanshawe,Ann Harrison, Lady, 1625-1680, the
eldest daughter of Sir John Harrison, and wife of Sir
Richard Fanshawe. Memoirs of, written by herself, now
first pub. from the original MS. To which are added Ex-
tracts from the Corresp. of Sir Richard Fanshawe, Lon.,
1829, Svo. Edited by Sir N. Harris Nicolas.
" A charming piece of autobiography."— Xom. New Mmithly Mag.
"Tli.'S.' Memoii-s will probably take their place by the side of
Mrs. Ilufiliinson's Memoirs, a praise which the admirers of the
latter will know how to estimate." — Lon. Spectator.
"There is not much in this book, either of individual character
or public story. It is, indeed, but a small affair— any way; but
yet pleasing, and not altoj^'etber without interest or iustruction."
— Lord .Ieffrev: E<lin. TiViicic.
AVhen the vessel that carried Lady Fanshawe from Ire-
land to Spain was attacked, she put on men's clothes and
fought with the sailors.
Fanshawe, Catherine, a literary lady of the last
generation, was a great favourite with the brilliant circle
of which Scott, Southey, Mackintosh, and Joanna Baillic,
were such distinguished ornaments. She wrote a number
of poetical pieces, of which the Enigma on the letter H —
often ascribed to Lord Byron — is tho best known.
"Among the society at once so dazzlint; and so charming, theie
was no name more distinp;uished for brilliant and variuus talent,
or for every attractive quality, than that of Catherine Fanshawe."
— Miss Miifard's Becnlbctioits of a Litrrari/ Life.
Faushawe,SirRichard,1608-1666,husbandofLady
F., see ante, was the youngest and tenth child of Sir Henry
Fanshawe, Remembrancer of tho Exchequer, and brother
of Thomas, Lord Fanshawe. He was educated at Jesus
Coll., Camb., travelled on the Continent, and became famuus
for scholarship and knowledge of modern tongues. Dur-
ing the Rebellion he fought in the royal army, and was iu
577
FAR
1651 taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester. At the
Restoration he was employed in several ctiplomatio nego-
tiations, and died at Madrid in 1666, whilst amliassador to
the court of S]iain. 1. Trans, in rhyme of Guarino's II
Pastor Fido; or the Faithful Shepherd. With other Poems,
Lon., 1646, '64, '76, 8vo.
"Sir John Denliam, in bis Verses on this TransLition, infinitely
commeuds it: and tho' he seems to assent to our Author's Notions
touching Tr.inslations in general, yet he shews that Sir IHdiard
has admirably succeeded in this particular Attempt, as the reader
may see by the following Lines ; where after having blam'd servile
Jrauslators, be goes on thus:
'A new and nobler W.ay thou dost pursue
To make Translations, and Translators to(\
They but preserve the Ashes, thou the Flame,
True to his Sense, but truer to his Fame,' " A'c.
Lanf/baine's Evfj, Dram. Poets, q. v.
2. The Lusiadj or Portugall's Historical! Poem, trans,
from Luis de Camoens, 1655, fol. See comments on this
trans, in Mickle's Lusiad. 3. Querer por solo querer; or
to Love only for Love's sake; a Dramatick Romance.
4. Triestas de Aranjuez; these were trans, by Sir Richard
in 1664 from the Spanish of Antonio de Mendoza, 1671,
4to. S. Original Letters and Negotiations of Sir Richard
Fanshawe, Ac, 1671, 4to; 1701, 8vo; 1724, 2 vols. 8vo.
In this collection will be found many particulars connected
with the secret history of the period. See Life of Sir
Richard Fanshawe, by Edmund Turner, in Biog. Brit., a
new article, vol. v., 1793. In some copies of the account
of Sir Richard's Embassies in Spain and Portug.al, there
occur after the Preface two loaves entitled A Short Account
of his Excellency Sir Richard Fanshawe, and his Writings.
A contemporary MS. note (printed in J. II. Burns's Cata-
logue for 1827) thus reads:
" These two leaves were torn out by Mrs. Fanshawe, who is
mightily incensed at the Bookseller [Abel Roper] for printing them
without her knowledge. She thinks her father is injured by this
Account of him. and intends to publish an advertisement of it. for
which Roper threatens to sue her, alledgiug 'twill spoil the sale of
his books."
Faraday, Michael, the most eminent English che-
mist now living, born in 1794, was the son of a poor black-
smith. Whilst an apprentice to a bookseller in London,
he attended the four last lectures given by Sir Humphry
Davy as Professor to the Royal Institution. He took notes
of these lectures and sent thom to Sir Humphry, who was
eo much pleased with his remtirkable talents that in 1813
he appointed him assistant in tho laboratory. Mr. Faraday
has made many important discoveries in heat, light, mag-
Botism, electricity, Ac. In 1832 he was made Doctor of
Laws by the University of Oxford.
1. Chemical Manipuhition, 3d ed. revised, Lon., 1842, Bvo.
"No student should think of commencing the study of practical
chemistry without having previously perused this indispensible
guide." — Provincial Medi&il Journal.
2. Experimental Researches in Electricity. Reported
from the Phil. Trans, of 1831-38; 2d ed., vol. i., 1849; vol.
ii., 1844. 3. Six Lectures on the Non-Metallic Elements,
by Dr. Scoffern, 1853, 12mo.
Farbrother, Roger. Serm., 1697, 4to.
Fardley, Wm. Francis and Josepha; a Tale. From
the German of Huber, 1808, Svo.
Farewell. An East India Colation, 1633. With a
Berm. by Farewell on tho Inilians, Jadis, £4 19s.
Farewell, James. The Irish Hudibras, or Fingal-
lion Princo, Ac., Lon., 1689, Svo.
Farey, John, 1766-1826, an eminent surveyor and
geologist, a native of Woburn, Bedfordshire. General View
of the Agricult. and Minerals of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811,
'13, '17, 3 vols. Svo. Pub. by order of tho Bd. of Agricult.
"It contains a very valuable mass of information on the geo-
logy of Derbyshire, which is one of the most interesting counties
in Britain to the geognost." — Doiiakhon's Agi-icult. Bioq.
Con. to Phil, trans., 1811 ; Nic. Jour., 1813; Phil. Mag.,
1815,-17.
Faria, Fenasco. His Narrative about the Popish
Plot, Lon., 1680, fol.
Fariiulou, or Fariiigdon, Anthony, 1596-1658, a
native of Sunning, Berkshire, was admitted scholar of Trin.
Coll., Oxf, 1612; elected Fellow, 1617; Vicar of Bray,
Berks, 1634; ejected during the Rebellion; subsequently
pastor of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London. He
■was a most eloquent preacher. Serms., vol. i., 1647, fol. ;
vol. ii., 1663, fol. ; vol. iii., 1673, fol. ; 2d ed. of vols. i. and
ii., with addits., 1672, fol.; new ed., 1S49, 4 vols. Svo.
" A noted preacher, an eminent tutor, and a worthy example to
he imitated of all." — .Wien. Oxfm.
" Without exception, the best preacher among the Episcopal mi-
nisters of that age. The Clergy, in their visits to Loudon, used, .as
a matter of course, to attend his ministry ; for his pulpit was called
' a divinity professoi^s chair.' His sermons are a treasure of sacred
erudition and theology."— i?r. WiUiam^s C'.P.
FAR
"Sanderson and Farindon, to an extensive and accurate know-
ledge of divinity, united an admirable judgment, great clearness
of conception, and. above all, a fervent and unaffected spirit of
devotion." — British Ontir.
Farindon left some MS. memorials of the life of his friend,
the famous John H.ales of Eton.
Fariugton. Religion of many of the Clergy of tho
Ch. of England, Lon., 1707, Svo.
Farington, Joseph, d. 1818. 1. Views of [20] the
Lakes, Ac. in Cumberland and Westmoreland, Lon., 1789,
oblong fol. 2. The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland,
and Cumberland, 1816, imp. 4to.
Farington, Wm. Serins., Warring., 1769, Svo.
Farish, Charles. Toleration of Marriage in the Uni-
versities recommended, 1807, 8yo. 2. Minstrels of Winder-
mere, 1811, Svo.
Farish, John, of Dumfries. A Treatise on Florin
Grass, 1810, Svo.
" His ideas of practice on the subject of florin grass might pro-
bably have been worth being examined and recorded. They had
not upheld the use of the plant."— />onc(Wson's Af/ricuU. Bioij.
Farish, Wm. Report of Camb. Bible Soc., 1811,'Svo.
Farley, Edward. Imprist. for Debt Unconstitu-
tional anti Oppressive, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Farley, Harriet, a native of Cl.aremont, New Hamp-
shire, has been for a number of years a contributor to and
editor of The Lowell Offering, a monthly periodical, (com-
menced January, 1841,) sustained by the literary labours
of the factory girls employed in the mills at Lowell, Mas-
sachusetts. An interesting autobiographic letter from
Miss Farley (not intended for publication) will be found
in Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. In 1847 she pub. a vo-
lume in Boston, containing extracts from the periodical
under her charge, including some of her own contributions,
entitled Shells from the Strand of the Sea of Genius. A
selection from the Lowell Offering, entitled Mind among
the Spindles, with an Introduction by Mr. Charles Knight,
was pub. in London in 1849. It has been highly com-
mended by English, French, and German critics.
Farley, Henry. 1. Complaint of Paules, 1616, 4to.,
Reed, 6749, £2 4«. 2. St. Pavles Chvrch, her Bill for the
Parliament. 1621, 4to. A curious collection in prose and
poetry. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 262, £5 6s.
Farley, J. The Duty and Office of Church-warden in
Ireland, Dubl., 1823, Svo.
Farley, or Farlie, Robert, a native of Scotland.
1. K.alendarium Hnmana; Vita;, The Kalendar of Man's
Life, Lon., 1638, sm. Svo. This contains poems on tho
four seasons, in Latin and English. 2. Lychnocausia. sive
Moralia Facium Emblemata: Lights, Morall Emblems,
1638, 12mo. 3. Naulogia. sive Invonta Navis, 4to. This
is a Latin Poem, inscribed in Prose and Verse to Sir Ro-
bert Aytoun.
Farmer, A. W. Facts on the American Congress,
and the controversy with G. Brit. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova.
Farmer, Henry T., a native of England, was for
some time engaged in commercial pursuits in Charleston,
S. C, and subsetjuently removed to New York, where he
became a medical student, and was licensed as a physician
in 1821. Ho practised medicine in Charleston, S. C, until
his death at the age of 46. Whilst a student, he pub. a
vol. entitled Imagintition : The Maniac's Dream, and other
Poems. A specimen of his composition will be found in
E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Farmer, Hugh, 1714-1787, a dissenting divine of
great learning, a native of a village near Shrewsbury, was
for some time a pupil of Dr. Doddridge. He officiated as
chaplain in the family of Wm. Coward of Walthamstow,
and was minister to a congregation in that village. Mr.
Coward always closed his house at six in the winter and
seven in the summer, and permitted no one, visitor or resi-
dent, to enter his doors after the stated hour. On one oc-
casion Mr. Farmer was shut out, and sought refuge in the
house of Mr. Wm. Snell. They liked their visitor, invited
him to stay where ho was, and the accidental visit of a
night extended to thirty years. This reminds us of Dr.
Isaac Watts's thirty-six years' visit to Sir Thomas Abney's
family, and Dr. Johnson's long residence with the Thrales.
1. Serm. on the Suppression of the Rebellion of 1746, '46.
2. Christ's Temptation in the Wilderness, 1761, Svo;
3d ed., 1776. 3. A Dissertation on Miracles, 1771, Svo.
4. Exam, of Le Moine's Treatise on Miracles, 1772, Svo.
6. Essay on the Demoniacs of the N. Test., 1775, Svo.
6. Letters to Rev. Dr. Worthington in answer to his late
Treatise entitled An Impartial Inquiry into the Case of
the Gospel Demoniacs. 1778, Svo. 7. Worship of Human
Spirits in the Ancient Heathen Nations, 1783, Svo. See
FAR
FAR
Fell, Jobs. Life by Miclmel Dudson, 1804, 5 vols. 8vo.
See this Memoir, and article in Biog. Brit. He left many
valuable MSS., which were destroyed.
" The works of F.irmer. are among the most ingenious and learned
theological productions of the last century. They contain many
things worthy of consideration; but at the same lime they require
to he read with caution. . . . Our Lord's temptntion. according to
Farmer, was a divine vision; the demoniacs nf the gospel were
merely persons strongly affected by certain diseases. . . . The chief
opponents of Farmer were Worthington and Fell, who were both
meu of learning, but not equal to Farmer in acutenessand com-
mand of temper." — Or/ae's Bihl. Bib., q. v. See also the remarks
of Bp. Watson.
Farmer, Jacob. Letter rel. to Irish Papists, 1642.
Farmer, John. I. Divers and Sundry Wares, Ac.
upon one playn Song, Lon., 1591, Svo. 2. English Madri-
gals, 1599.
Farmer, John. Hist, of the Town and Abbey of
W.altbam, and the Hist.ofAbbies, 977-1558, Lon. ,1755, Svo.
Farmer, John, a dissenting minister, brother of Hugh
Farmer, was assistant minister at Fetter Lane, London,
1730, and at Coggeshall, Esso.x, 1739. 20 Serms. on va-
rious subjects, Lon., 1744, Svo.
Farmer, John. Select Oases in Surgery, collected
in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1767, 4to.
Farmer, John, 1789-1838, of Concord. New Hamp-
shire. 1. Genealogical Register of the First Settlors of N.
England, Lancaster, M.ass., 1829, Svo. 2. In conjunction
with J. B. Moore, Gazetteer of New Hamp.^hire, Concord,
N. Hamp., 1823, 12mo. Mr. F. pub. several tracts on sub-
jects of local history, and was a contributor to the Collec-
tions of the Mass. .anil N. Hamp. Hist. Societies.
Farmer, R. 1. The Great Mysteries of Godliness and
Ungodliness discovered from the writings of the Quakers,
Lon., 1655, 4to. 2. A Plain Dealing and Plain Meaning
Sermon, 1660, 4to.
Farmer, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1629, 4to.
Farmer, Richard, a linen draper at Stow-on-tbc-
Wold, d. 1814, aged 49. The Soldiers; an Hist. Poem,
1802, Svo. Analysis of the Carbonated Chalybeate near
Stow, 1809, Svo.
Farmer, Richard, D.D., 1735-1797, a divine of e.\-
tensive learning, a native of Leicester, was educated at
Emanuel Coll., Camb., of which he became Master in 1775.
He subsequently became Vice-Chancellor and princip.al
Librarian of the University, ami obtained prebends at
Lichfield and Canterbury. He e.'ichanged the latter for a
canonry at St. Paul's. Both an English and an Irish
bishopric were offered to him and declined. In 1766 he
issued propos.als for pnb. a History of the Town of Leices-
ter.from the MSS. of William [shoulil be Thomas] Staveley.
He found the work too laborious, aud gave his materials
to John Nichols, whoso History and Antiquities of Lei-
cester, 4 vols, fob, 1790-1811, is deservedly valued. In
1766, Svo, Dr. Farmer giive to the world his celebrated
Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare, 2d ed., with largo
addits., 1767, Svo.; 12 copies on thick paper. Reprinted
in 1789 and in 1821. Also printed with Steevens's ed. of
Shakspeare, 1793, and the eds. by Read in 1803 and Har-
ris in 1812.
The e-'itent of Shakspeare's knowledge of the classics
which he so freely u.sos had long been a mooted point.
Farmer hit upon the only plan by which the question could
be settled. He proves th.at Shakspeare derived his know-
ledge through trauslations. and not from the originals, by
showing that he has cited the phraseology, and even the
errors, of the translators. We must then agree with an
eminent critic who styles Farmer's Essay
"A work by which nn end is put forever to the dispute concern-
ing the learning of Shakspeare." — De. Warton.
Dr. Johnson and Farmer were well acquainted with each
other; and several letters from the lexicographer to the
Master of Emanuel College will be found in Boswell's Life
of the former. In one dated March 21, 1770, we find the
following reference to Farmer's Essay ;
"In support of an opinion which you have already placed above
the need of any more support. Mr. Steevens, a very ingenious gen-
llem.in.Utely of King's College, has collected an a'ccount of .all the
translations which Shakspeare might have seen aud used. lie
wishes his cal^iloguo to be perfect, and therefore entreats that you
will favour him by the insertion of such additions as the accuracy
of your inquiries have enabled you to make."
We also find the following note in Langton's papers :
"Colman, in a note on his translation of Terence, talking of
Shakspeare's learning, asks, 'What says Farmer to this'; What
says Johnson?' Upon this he observed. 'Sir, let Farmer answer
for himself: / never engaged in this controversy. I always said
Shakspeare had Latin enough to grammaticise his English.'" —
.See Boswell's Life of Johnson.
^ Dr. Parr excelled in epitaphs and other eulogistic flou-
rishes. He complimented Farmer, both living and dead. ,
We regret th.at we lack space to enable us to give both or
cither to the reader. And, abas! wh.at space have wa
wherein to depict the wonders of Farmer's library ? It
was sold by Mr. King, in 1798, and produced £2210, which
was about £1700 more than it was supposed to have cost
him. But for a continuation of this ravishing theme
ravishing, if our reader be a true Bibliomaniac — we must
refer to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Those who are so unhappy
as to be without this volume deserve pity, and — room or
no room — they shall have a few linos about Rare Richabl
Faiimer:
"How shall I talk of thee, and of thy wonderful collection, 0
Rare Richard Farmer?— and of thy scholarship, .acuteness, plea-
santry, singularities, varied learning, and colloquial powers I Thy
name will live long among scholars in general ; and in the bosoms
of virtuous and learned bibliomaniacs thy memory shall be ever
shrined! The walls of Emanuel College now cease to convey the
sounds of thy festive wit; thy volumes are no longer seen, like
liichard Smitll's ' bundles of s'ticht books,' strewn upon the floor;
and thou hast ceased, in the cause of thy beloved Shakspeare. to
delve into the fruitful ore of black-letter literature. Peace to thy
honest spirit; for thou wert wise without vanity, learned without
pedantry, and joyous without vulgarity. . . . Farmer had his fo-
ragers, his jackals, and his avatit-courirrs, for it was well kuown
how dearly he loved every thing that was interesting and rare in
the literature of former ages. As he walked the streets of London
—careless of his dress, and whether his wig was full-bottomed or
narrow-bottomed— he would talk and ' mutter strange speeches' to
himself, thinking all the time, I ween, of some curious discovery
he had recently made in the aforesaid pn-cious black-letter tomes.
But the reader is impatient for the l!lm.ioTUKr\ Fahmkuiana."
Our readers also must be iinpalient lor the Bibliotheca
Farmeriana, and procure it whenever the opportunity may
(■ccur, which, we can assure them, will be very seldom.
It bears date M.ay, 1798, and contains S199 articles— and
such articles ! But we forbear.
Farmer, Thomas. The Plain Truth, Lon,, 1763, 4to.
This refers to the Ess.ay on Women.
Farmer, Wm. Alman.-ick for Ireland, Dubl., 1587, 4to.
" Perhaps the eailiest .41mau.ac printed in or for that countiv."
— Wilt's Bibl. BHt.
Farmerie, Wm. Serms., 1710, '16.
Farnabie, or Farnaby, Thomas, 1575-1647, an
eminent gr,ammari£in, a native of London, studied for some
time at Morton Coll.. Oxf., which he left for a college of the
Jesuits in Spain. Returning to England, he taught school
alternately at Martock in Somersetshire, in London, and
at Sevenoaks, in Kent. lie had charge of the sons of
many of the noblemen, and acquired a liirge property.
During the Rebellion he suffered imprisonment as a friend
to the monarchy. He pub. several learned works— com-
mentaries on Juvenal, Persius, Seneca, Martial, Ovid, Te-
rence, .and Lucian, Index Rhetoricus, 1625, Svo, Systema
Grammaticum, 1641, Svo, Ac. — for particulars of which
sec Athen. Oxon., Biog. Brit., and Genl. Diet.
The remark of his which offended the Parliament.ari.ans
was, that it was "better to have one king than five hun-
dred :" which shrewd reflection is of itself enough to prove
him a man of excellent sense. The nation soon came
round to his way of thinking. But good laws are the best
kings.
" lie was the chief grammarian, rhetorician, poet, latinisf, and
Grecian, of his time; and his school was so much frciuented, that
more churchmen and statesmen issued thence than from any school
taught liy one man in England." — Allfu. tixoi}.
Farnaby,Giles. Canzonets to Fovre Voyces,159S,4to.
" Farnaby assistid Ravenscroft in putting parts to some of the
Psalm-tunes published at the beginning of the next century "—
Lowndps's BilA, Man.
Farneworth, Ellis, d. 1762, Rector of Carsington,
Derbyshire. 1. Life of Pope Sextus V., trtins. from the
Italian of Gregorio Leti, Lon., 1754, fob; Dubl., 1778, Svo.
2. A short Hist, of the Isr.aelites, trans, from the French
of Abb^ Fleury, Lon., 1756, Svo.
" This little book contains a concise, pleasing, and just account
of the manners, customs, laws, polity, and religion, of the Israelites.
It is au excellent introduction to the reading of the Old Testament,
and should be put into the hands of every young person. Au ele-
gant English version of it, by Mr. Farneworth. was first printed
in 175G," Vide Bishop Home's Disanirses, vol. i.
New ed., by Adam Clarke, q. o., 1805, 12mo. 3. The
Hist, of the Civil Wars of France, trans, from the Italian
of Davila, 1757, 2 vols. 4to.
"The great historian of this time is Tavila, His work may be
referred to in all the more important particulars, especially with
respect to the views, interests, and intrigues of the different leaders
aud tactions." — Frof. Smytirs LiCf. on Mtid. Hist.
And see Avlesbcrv, Wm. ; Cotterel, Sir Charles.
4. The Works of Machiavel, trans, and illustrated with
Notes, Anecdotes, .and Life, 1761, 2 vols. 4to; 1775, 4 vols.
Svo. See Bedingfield, Thomas.
" We are fold in the House of Commons by Mr. Fox, that the
authority of Machiavel is great. The founders of the French Re-
public, and refoundei s of it, seem always to have had Machiavel's
Discourses or Livy in their ne\i:'— Pursuits of Literature.
679
FAR
FAR
"Machiavelli. in his history of Florence, instructed the Italians
in the art of uniting the eloquence of history with the depth of
reflection. lie has attached himself much less tban his predeces-
sors in the same line, to the narration of niilifary events. But his
work, as a history of popular passions and luiuults. is a mastei^
piece; and Machiavellihas completed, by this noble example of his
theories, his analysis of the human heart. He has left three come-
dies, which, by the novelty of the plots, by the strength and viva-
city of the dialogues, and by their admirable delineation of charac-
ter, are far superior to all that Italy had then, or has perhaps since,
produced.'' — Sismondi.
We lack space, and it does not enter into our plan, to
discuss the vexed question of the morale of Machiavelli's
remarkable productions. An excellent paper on the sub-
ject will be found aiuonp; Mr. T. B. Macaulay's Miscellanies.
Farnham, Mrs. E. \V. Life in Prairie Land, N.
York, 1846, 12mo. A work of great sprightliness, which
should be read by all who think of "emigrating to the
Western Country."
"This is a delij;htful book, and will afford most agreeable read-
ing. The authoress has a quick eye and graphic pen. and describes
the statistics of a large city or the peculiar mode of a sun-bonnet
with the same facility and pleasantness.''
"It is made up of a series of charming and lifelike pictures of a
personal residence in the Far West — perfect daguerreotypes of a
settler's daily habits. Ac. together with graphic sketches of travel
in various sections of that fiir-spreading and fertile country. The
work is enlivened by a rich vein of irresistible humour, interwoven
with passages of great power and eloquent beauty, eminently im-
pressive and suggestive." — Dertwcratic Review.
Farnham, Rt. Hon. Barry Maxwell, Earl of.
Examination into the Principles of the Sjieech of Lord
Minto. <tc., Dubl., ISOO, 8vo. See Park's AValpule's R. k
N. Authors.
FarnAvorth, Richard, pub. a number of theolng.
treatises, 1653-58.
Farquhar, David. The Torch of Time, Lon., 1849,
12mo. This is one of three excellent Prize Essays, origi-
nally pub. in one volume, intended to exhibit the Temporal
Advantages of the Sabbath considered in relation to the
Working Classes. The subject is one of great importance
to the best interests of Society.
Farquhar, Ferdinand. The Relics of a Saint: a
right merry Tale. Lon., 1816, 12mo,
Farquhar, George, 1678-1707, a comic dramatist,
the son of a clergyman, was a native of Londonderry. In
1694 he was sent to Trinity Coll., Dublin, which he de-
serted for the boards of the Dublin theatre. He left the
stage in consequence of having accidentally stabbed a
brother actor — not fatally, however — whilst playing Guyo-
mar in the Indian Emperor of Dryden. His friend Wilks,
the famous actor, persuaded him to turn author; and, un-
fortunately for the world, a lieutenant's commission, con-
ferred upon him by Lord Orrery, enabled him to corrupt
the age by his licentious plays, instead of being obliged
to get his living by some honest employment. 1. Love
and a Bottle; a Comedy, 1698. 2. Constant Couple; or,
Trip to the Jubilee; a Comedy, 1700, '10, 8vo. 3. Sir
Harry Wildair; or, The Sequel of the Trip to the Jubilee;
a Comedy, 1701. 4. Miscellanies; or, Collection of Poems,
Letters, and Essays, 1702. 5. The Inconstant; or, The
Way to Win Him; a Comedy, 170.3. 6. The Stage Coach;
a Farce, 1704. 7. The Twin Rivals; a Comedy. 8. The
Recruiting Officer; a Comedy, 1706. 9. The Beaux Stra-
tagem; a Comedy. Works, containing all his Poems. Let-
ters, Essays, and Comedies, 10th ed., corrected, 1772, 2
vols. 12mo. Farquhar 's Dramatic Works have been re-
cently republished in the same volume with those of Wv-
cherley, Congreve. and Vanbrugh, Lon.. 1849, r. 8vo, by
Moxon. Prefixed will be found a critical notice of his
Life and Writings, by Leigh Hunt, (see also his paper in
the London Atheuieum, January 2, 1841,) who has incor-
porated into his article Charles Lamb's sophistical aud
mischievous essay, entitled On the Artificial Comedy of
the last Century. The curious reader can also consult the
Biog. Brit., Biog. Dramat., Cibber's Lives, and Spence's
Anecdotes.
" Farquhar died young. He improved in each play ; his last was
the Iwst. Had he lived, he would probably have made a very good
writer that way." — Olmsworth: Spence's Anecdotes.
*' Considering the manner of writing then in tashion, the purity
Of Sir John Suckling's style is quite surprising.— L. (He spoke
of Farquhar at the same time as a mean poet, and as placed by
some in a higher rauk than he deserved. Mr. Pope always used
to call Farquhar a fiirce-writer.") — Ibid.
*'As a writer, the opinions of critics have been various. The
general character which has been given of his comedies is, that-^he
success of most of them far exceeded the author's expectations;
that he was particularly happy in the choice of his subjects, which
he always took care to adorn with a great variety of characters and
incidents; that his style is pure and unaffected, his wit natural
and flowing, and his plots generally well contrived. But then,
on the contrary, it has been objected" that he was too hasty in his
580 -^
productions : that his works are loose, though not indeed so grossly
libertine as those of some other wits of his time; that his ima;^ina-
lion. though lively, was capable of no great compass; and his wjt,
thoujih passal'Ie, not such as would gain ground on considera-
tion."— Biog. Dramat.
" He seems to have been a man of a genius rather sprightly than
great, rather flowery than solid. His comedies are diverting, he-
cause his characters are natural, and such as we frequently meet
with : but he has used no art in drawing them, nor does there ap-
pear .iny force of thinking in his performances, or any deep pene-
tration into nature, but rather a superficial view, ple.isant enoush
to the eye. though capable of leaving no great impression on the
mind." — Cibbrr''s Liven.
" Farquhar is a light and gay writer, less correct and less spark-
ling than Congreve, but he has more ease, and, perhaps, fully as
great a share of the vis comica. The two best and least excep-
tionable of his plays are the 'Recruiting Officer' and 'Beaux Stra-
tagem.' I say the least exceptionable; for. in general, the tendency
of both Congreve and Farquhar's plays is immoral." — Dr. Blair:
I^ct. mi Jxhel. and Belles- Lett re?.
We have already given our opinion at length upon
authors of this class in the articles on Beaumont and
Fletcher, and Jeremy Collier.
Farquhar, John, minister at Nigg. Serms., 4th ed.,
edited by Drs. Geo. Campbell and Alex, Gerard, Lon.,
1792, 8vo.
'■A pood judge will not be at a loss to discern in this preacher
an eminent clearness of apprehension, corrt-ctness of taste, a lively
imagination, and delicate sensibility to all the finest feelings of
which human nature is susceptible." — Editor's Pre/ace.
'■AVe recolle't of reading his sermons the first time with a deliG;ht
bordering on enthusiasm. They discover a cultivated mind and
a feeling heart; much rational piety, and becoming zeal for the
eternal interests of man." — Dr. D. Sait.
Farquhar, Robert Townsend, Suggestions rel. to
Pop. of Brit. W. Indies, and abolition of Slave Trade, 1807.
Farquharson, George. Reports of Trials, Ac,
1808, '09, '11, Ct. of Chancery. Lett. rel. to Lord Eldon,
1825.
Farquharson, \Vm., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 178S:
to Mem. Med., 1789, '92.
Farquharson, \\n\. Truth in pursuit of Colonel
Wardle, 1810. Was he caught?
Farr, Edward. 1. Version of the Psalms of David.
2. The People of China. 3. Bible Biography, fp. 8vo; 2d
ed., 1847. 4. Select Poetry, 1845, 2 vols. 18mo; 1847,
r. ISmo. 5. Jephtheginia, or Jephtha's Daughter, and
other Poems, 1846, 32mo. 6. Collegiate, School, and
Family Hist, of Eng., 1S4S, 12mo.
"Certainly the best school and family history of England we
have seen.'" — Lrm. Critic.
7. The Hist, of France. 8. Manual of Geography fcr
Schools, 1850, l2mo.
Farr, Samuel, M.D., 1741-1795, a native of Taunton,
Somerset. 1. Acids, Lon., 17fi9, 12mo. 2. Animal Motion,
1771, 8vo. 3. Aphorism! de Marasmo ex Summis Mcdicia
CoUectis, 1772, 12mo. 4. Blood-letting in Consumption,
1775, 8vo. Dr. Farr was opposed to the practice. 5. Hist.
of Epidemics, from Hippocrates, 1781, 4to. 6. Elements
of MediealJurisprudence. 1788, 8vo.; 1811, 1815, 12mo.
A trans, from the work of Fascelius, with addits. by Farr.
7. On the Use of Cantharides in Dropsical Complaints,
Mem. Med., 1789.
Farr, Wm., M.D. Locked Jaw and Opisthotones ;
Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. Meteorolog. Observ. at Ply-
mouth and Bristol, 1768, '69.
Farr, Wni. 1. Essay on Cancer, Lon., Svo. 2. Trea-
tise on Scrofula, 8vo. 3. Medical Guide to Nice, 1841,
12mo. Mr. Farr is editor of the London Medical Annual.
".Some of the most elaborate and important papers in thw Annual
Reports of the Registrar-General [London] have bi-en written by
Mr. W. Farr, and reflect the highest credit on his ability, extensive
mathematical and medical learning, and industry." — McCultocWs
Lit. nf Polit. Econ.
Farraut, Henry. Letters rel. to the See of Canter-
bury, Lon., 1716, 4to.
Farraut, Richard, d. about 1585, an eminent com-
poser of music, was a gentleman of the Chtipel Royal in
1564. Some of his music will be found in the collections
of Boyce and Barnard.
Farrar, Fliza, the wife of Professor John Farrar, of
Harvard, is well known as the author of The Children's
Robinson Crusoe, the Life of Lafayette, the Life of How-
ard, Youth's Letter Writer, kc. The most popular of ber
volumes is The Young Lady's Friend, first pub. in 1837,
and frequently reprinted in England aud America.
"It contains no flights of fancy, or attempts at fine writing, but
for .sound practical sense, expressed in good English, and in a style
perfectly adapted to the subject, it is a work worthy of Hannah More
or Maria Edgeworth." — HarVa Female Pro.<e Writers of America.
Farrar, John, has pub. man^- valuable works (issued
in Boston, Mass.) on Nat. Philos., Topography, and various
branches of the mathematics.
Farrar, Rev. John. 1. Proper Names of the Bible,
FAR
FAU
2d ed., 1844, fp. Rvo. 2. Biblical and Theolog. Diet, 1852,
12mo. 8. Ecolesiiistioal Diet., 1853, 12mo. !
Farrar, Richard. Political tracts, 1648, '60. |
Farrar, T. Hejxjrt of the Dartmouth College Case,
Purtsmuuth, 1819. Svo.
Farre, John K., M.D. Hydrocele, 1798, Svo. The
Liver, 1812-15, -Ito. Saunders on tlie Eye. 1812, Svo. ,
The Heart, 1814, Svo. Cynanche, in Med.' Chir. Trans., ;
1812. j
Farre, Samuel. See Farr.
Farrel, illrss. charlotte: or, the sequel to the Sorrows ^
of Wurter; aud other Poeras. 1792. 4to. i
Farrel, Charles, M.D. Ophthalmia, 1810, '11. ]
Farrel, <-eor^e. Serm., 1716, Svo.
Farrel, James A. State of the Nation. 1816. Svo. |
Farrel, John. Hist, and Pulit. View of Geneva in the
18th Cent., fn-m the French of F.D'Ivernois, Lon.,1784, Svo. !
Farrel, R. Union or Separation, 1798, Svo.
Farrel, R-, M.D. Lect. of Boyer on Diseases of
tlie Bones, hy A. Kii'hmond, trans, from the French, Lon.,
1801, 2 vols. Svo. Researches into the laws of Chemical
Affinity, from the French of C. L, BerthoUet. 1804, Svo.
Farreu, Edwin James. 1. Hist. Essay on the
Early Progress uf Life Contingencies, Lon., 1844, Svo.
"Thip, and Mr. Milne's hi5torir:il account iu the Kncyclopaedia
Britinnica. are the only ones of which we know, that treat the
Bubject at any len-jth." — Lon. Athenfrum.
2. Life Contingency Tables, Part 1. Chances of Prema-
ture Death, 1850, 4to.
Farren, (-ieorge. 1. Life Assurance, Lon., 1822, Svo.
2. Statute made Easy, 1837, ISmo. 3. Key to Statutes,
&e., 1S37, 18mo. 4. Handhookfor Judges, Barristers, Ac.,
1839, Svo. 5. Bill of Costs in Chancery, 1840, 12mo.
€. Rules for Reading Acts of Parliament, 1840, ISmo.
7. Digest of Equity and Common Law Rei)orts, 1841, Svo.
8. Chart of Chancery Practice, 1841, sheet. 9. Common
Rules and Forms for drawing Bills iu Chancery, 1842,
ISmo. Araer. ed. with addits. adapted to U. States Cts.
of Equity, itc, Boston, 1845, 12mo. This is a reprint of
Nos. 9andl0. See Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo; Chancery
Practice. 10. Common Forms, <fec., answering a Bill in
Chancery, Lon., 1844, 18mo. 11. Liabilities of Members
of Public Companies and Partnerships, 184:4, 12mo.
Farrer, E. The Trial of Abraham; a Dramatic
Poem, 1790. 8vo.
Farrer, Isaac. Serm., 1768, Svo.
Farrer, John. 1. Hebrew Poems, Lon., 1780, 4to.
2. America; a Poem, 1780, 4to. 3. Serm., ISOl, 4to.
4. Serms. on the Mission and character of Christ, with
those preached at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1S04, Svo.
5. Serms. on the Parables. New ed., 1809, Svo.
Farrer, John. 1. The Hist, of Limerick, 1792, Svo.
2. A View of Ancient and Modern Dublin, 1796, Svo.
Farrer, Mary. The Appeal of an Injured Wife
against a Cruel Husband, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Farrer, Wni., M.D. 1. Med. treatise from Tissot,
Lon., 1767, Svo. 2. Rickets in Children, 1773, 12mo.
Farrer, \Vm., LL.D. 1. Brief Outline of the Study j
of Theology, trans, from the late Dr. Frederick Schleier-
mncher, with Reminiscences of Sehleiermaeher, by Dr.
Frederick LUeke, Lon., 1S50, Svo.
"The work of a t^it;antic Diind. It is incomparably the most
su<:?est ire work we ever read ; every sentence is a mine of thought"
— Ki(t"'s Joiirvid.
2. First Lines of Christian Theology, by John Pye
Smith, D.D.. LL.D., Ac, edited from the author's MSS.,
with addit. Notes and References, 1854, Svo. See Smith,
John Pye, D.D., LL.D.
Farres, Capt. Speech to Earl of Warwick, on behalf
of the County of E^sex, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Farreslev, Thomas. Modern Cases in Ct. of K. B.
at Westminster, reign of Q. Anne, Lon., 1716, fol. See
Modern Reports, vd, viii., in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 520, and
Wallace's Reports, 47.
Farringloii, Rev., of Dinas. Of the Char-Fish In
North Wales; Pl.il. Trans., 17.^5.
Farrinston, J. Britannia Depicta.
Farriiigton, John. Origin of the Grandeur of the
Court of Rome. From the French of Abbe Vertot, Lon.,
1754. Svo.
Of this eulcbratcd writer we find the following bio-
graphical sketch in Biographic Universelle, nouvelle
edition. BnixL'lles, 1843-47, 21 vols. imp. Svo :
"Rene Anbert. Abb& de Vertut. celftbre historien, nfi le 25 No-
venibre. 1655, au chatoan de Benetot, dans le pays de Caux, em-
brassa I'etat ecclesiastiqne. et ne tarda pas h dnnncr des preuves
d'une devotion exaltee. qui le conduisit, i I'insn de sa famille.dans
un couvent de capucing. Mais bientot sa vie fut en peril, et on le
dfecida, non sans peine, ^ entrer dans Tordre moins austere des
Premontres. Le prjeur6 de Joyenval lui fut confer6 par un bref
du pape et des lettres du roi; mais les murnmres de ses confrdrea
le decid^reot k s'en demettre, et il obtint la cure de Croissy-la-
Garenne, prde de Marly. II ee hvra alors ji I'etude, sans negUgei
ses devoirs de pasteur, etfit Imprinieren l(jy9 Bon premier ouvrage,
VHistoiredt la Conjuration du Portugal. Bientot apr^s 11 obtint
une cure d'un assez gros revenu, aux portes de Rouen, et n'en
travailla qu'avec plus d'ardeur. Sept ans apres son premier
ouvrage, il publia VHistoire. des Ji&volutums d^ Suede, dont cinq
editinna parureut coup sur coup, avec la meme date, et qui fut
traduite en plusieurs langues. En 171.11, lorsque le roi donna une
forme nouvelle il I'Acad^mie des Inscriptions, Vertot reijut le titre
d'associS. On se relacha pour lui de la rigueur du r^glement qui
exigeait residence, et il lui fut permis de no venir singer qu'en
1703. II fut nomme pensionnaire en 1703; et dda lors nul ne bo
moutra plus assidu ni plus zele. En ITIO il fit parattre un TraiU
de la Mouvance de Brltagne. o\X il conibattait le3 pretentions des
Bretons k Be dire ind^pendants de la nionarchie fian^aise, avec
laquelle ils etaient lies plutot que confondns. Mais son oeuvre
favorite etait VHistoire des Jf evolutions de la Ripuhlique Romaine^
qui parut en 1717 et obtint des applaudissenienta uuiversela. Ce
fut alora que Tordre de Malte le pria de rediger ses annales en un
corps coraplet d'histoire, qu'il publia en 1726. Pendant qu'il tra-
vaillait k ce long ouvrage, il fut nnnini6 secretaire interprete. puis
secretaire des commandements de la princesse de Bade, femme du
due d'Orleans, fils du regent, et se trouva ainsi en possession d'un
revenu coneiderable et d'un logeinent au I'alaia Royal. II passa
la derni^re partie de sa vie dans I'aisance et le repos, mais aussi
dans un etat d'infirmite continuelle, qui TempScha d'executer lea
divers projets qu'lI avait en tett*. Vertot mourut le 15 Juiu. 1735.
On dut rcgretterde son temps plus qu'on ne le feiait aujnurd'hui,
qu'il eQt cesse d'ecrire. L'histoire etait pour lui, avant tout,
unei_euvre litteraire: il n'aspirait point ksaisir laverite de coul^ur
et negligeait le scrnpuleux d6tail des faits pour viser presque
uniquement I'eflTet dramatique. On entend de nos jours autiement
le devoir de Thistorien. L'6dition la phis complete de ses ffiiit-res
choisies est celle de Paris, 1819 k 1821, 12 vols, in Svo."
The historical reader must not fail to peruse the criti-
cism of Gibbon on Vertot's account of the Social AVar,
(Vertot, Revolut. Rom., tom. iii. 20-3(1.) AVe quote a few
lines from the introduction and a few from the conclusion:
"I shall venture to make some reflections on this extraordinary
war, the principal circnmstances of which have been somewhat mis-
represented by the Abbe Vertot, — an author whose works are read
with the same pleasure as romances, to which in other respects they
bear too much resemblance. . . . The Abbe Vertot, when he ex-
plained the difhculties with wliich the Romans had to contend,
should alj^o have mentioned the resources by which they were enabled
to surmount them."— Gifi&on's Miscell. Wor\-s, ed. 1837, Svo, 510, 512.
Whilst the reader has this fascinating volume in his bands,
let him turn back to page 3S5, and mourn with us that the
learned historian never carried out his admirable project
of ** a seventh or supplemental volume" to his great work.
Farrington, Richard. 20 Serms., Lon., 1741, Svo.
Farro, Daniel. Royal Universal Brit. Grammar
and Vocabulary, Lou., 1754, Svo ; 1776. R. G. Instructor
for Youth, 1770, 12mo.
Farthing, John. Short Writing Shortened, 1654.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Farthing, Ralph. Serm., 1722, Svo.
Fary, John.
Lon., 1645, 4t.o.
Fasquellc, Jean Louis, F.B., LL.D., b. 180S, in
France, settled in the U. S. in 1834. Appointed Prof, of
Languages, (fee. in the University of Michigan in 1846.
1. A new method of learning the French language, 2Uth
ed.. N. Y., 1854. 30.000 copies of thi.^ work have also
been published in England. 2. Tclemaque, with notes and
gramm.atical references. 3. The Colloquial French Reader,
4thed., 1854. 4. Napoleon, (Dumas,) with notes, .fee. 5. A
general and Idiomatical Dictionary of the French and
English Languages.
The merits of Fasquelle's New French Course are well
known. We have room for only one recommendation from
the thirty or forty before us.
"I have t.iught many claspcs in the French Ijan^uage, . . . and
I do not hesitate to s:iy that Fasiiuelles Freneh Course, on the plan
of Woodbury's Method with the (ieriuan. js superior to any other
French Grammar I have met with, for teaching French to those
wh('So mother-tongue is Enj^Hsh. It combines, in an admirable
manner, the excellencies of the old or classic, and the new or (Jlbn-
dorfian. methods, avoiding the faults of both."— .Tosf.ph Wiluam
Jenks, Prof, of Languages in the Neio Ch. Univ. at Urbanna, Ohio.
Faugeres, Margaretta V., 1771-1801, a daughter
of Mrs. Anne Eliza Bleecker, was a native of Tonhanick,
near Albany, New York. She was unhappily married to
an infidel physician — Dr. Peter Faugeres of New York —
who abused his wife, and squandered her fortune. She
subsequently taught school at New Brunsi^ick and at
Brooklyn. In 1793 Mrs. Faugeres edited the posthumous
works of her mother, (see Bleecker. Anne Eliza,) add-
ing some of her own compositions in verse and prose. In
1795 she pub. Belisarius, a Tragedy in five acts, extracts
' from which, and a notice of the author, will be found in
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
I **Thou,ch unsuited to the stage, this tragedy has considerable
I merit, and is much superior to the earlier compositions of the au-
FAU
FAY
thor. The style is generally dignified and correct, and free from
the extravagant declamation into which the suliject would have
Seduced a writer of less taste and judgment." — Ubi supra.
Fanlkener, Charles. Hints to Electors, 1796, 8vo.
Faulkland. See Falkland.
Faulkner, A. B., M.B. A Hospital, &c., 1810, Svo.
Faulkner, B. Insanity. Lon., 1790, Svo.
Faulkner, George, d. 1775, a Dublin printer and
bookseller, afterwards resident in London, edited a journal,
and enjoyed the patronage of Lord Chesterfield and Swift.
The former addressed to him, under the name of Atticus,
those ironical letters which attained such great celebrity.
Faulkner's style and manner were ridiculed in An Epistle
to George Edmund Howard, Esq., with notes by Georgo
Faulkner, Esq.. an alderman, reprinted in Dilly's Reposi-
tory, vol, iv. p. 175. But some authentic letters of Faulk-
ner's will be found in Nicholses Literary Anecdotes, and
in the 2d vol. of the Supplement to Swift, whose confiden-
tial printer he was. Faulkner died an alderman of Dublin
in 1775. A caricature of this literary printer, by Richard
Cumberland, will be found in the Memoirs of the Life of
the latter, p. 173. 4to ed.
Faulkner, Thomas. 1. Hist. Descrip. Acct. of the
Roy. Hosp. and Roy. Milit. Asylum at Chelsea, Lon., 1805,
12mo. 2. Hist., Topog., and Statis. Descrip. of Chelsea
and its Environs, 1810, Svo. 3. Hist, and Topog. Descrip.
of Fulham, 1813, Svo, 4. Hist, and Antiq. of Kensington,
1820, Svo.
Faulkner, W. 1. Serms. 2. Ch. Service, 1802, '13.
Faulkner, >Vm. H. Rights of Man Invaded; being
an Exposition of the Tyranny of our Gov. in India, 1792,
Svo. A fruitful theme, truly.
Faunt, Arthur, or Laurence, Arthur, an English
Jesuit, born in Leicestershire, pub. several theolog. trea-
tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Fauquier, Francis. Raising Money for support of
the War, &.O., 3d ed., Lon., 1757, Svo. Joseph Massie pub.
Observations on this Essay, 1756, Svo. See McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Fausset, Godfrey, D.D., Canon of Christ Church,
Margaret Prof, of Divinity, Oxford, and Vicar of Crop-
thorn, Worcestershire. 1. Serm. on the Necessity of Edu-
cating the Pour in the principles of the Established Church,
Oxf., 1811, Svo. 2. Claims of the Established Church; 8
serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1820, Svo.
" We will only premise, therefore, that all enemies of the Church
who do not regard her doctrines as unscriptural. will, if we mis-
take not, find in this volume of Eamptou Lectures the reasons of
its discipline so justly explained, and the importance of preserving
that discipline so ably asserted, th.it if they be but men of tolerable
fairness, they w ill hardly be able to avoid a feeling of regret that they
are at enmity with a Church which can sustain its cause by a, line of
argument so powerful and so direct." — Lon. Christ. Rcniemhrancer.
Also highly commended in the British Critic. 3. Serm. :
Revival of Popery, 1S3S, Svo.
Faustus, a monk, b. about 390, supposed to have been
a native of Britain, Bishop of Riez, in Province, 466, wrote
against predestination and reprobation. These writings
will be found in Bibl. Max. Patr., viii. See Cave, vol. i. ;
Milner's Ch. Hist.; Siixii Onomast.
Faux, W., an English Farmer. Memorable Days in
America; being a Journal of a Tour in the United States,
Lon., 1823, Svo, pp. 44S. This is a "Memorable" work, as
being the occasion of two spicy reviews: the first in the
Lon. Quarterly, vol. sis. 338, said to be by Gifford; the
other, in which the critic of the Quarterly is roughly han-
dled, in the N. Amer. Rev., vol. six. 92, by Edward Everett.
Favell. Votes of Thanks by Southwark to Mr. War-
die, 1809. Svo.
Favell, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to.
Favell, James. Abraham's Case in ofi"ering up Isaac,
Camb., 1769, 4to.
Favour, John, d. 1623, Vicar of Halifax, Yorkshire.
Antiquitie triumphing over Noveltie; or Antiquitio a cer-
tain Note of the Christian Catholic Church, Lon., 1619, 4to.
" lie was esteemed a person of great piety and charity, and one
well read in substantial and profound authors." — Athen. Oxon.
Fawcett, Benjamin, 1715-17S0, a dissenting mi-
Dister at Kidderminster for 35 years. Serms., 1756-80.
Abridgt. of Baxter's Saint's Rest. Religious Melancholy,
1780, Svo.
Fawcett, J., a dissenting minister. Serms., 1749,
Svo. Crit. Expos, of the 9th Chap, of Romans. 1752, Svo.
Fawcett, James, Lady Margaret Preacher in the
Univ. of Cambridge. Serms. preached before the Univ.
of Cambridge, Camb., 1794, Svo.
" These si-rmoDS are truly academic. They afford young preachers
a happy example of the manner in which iuirenious speculation
may be united with practical utility."— ion. Monthly A'tnew.
Fawcett, John, D.D., 1739-1817, a Baptist minister.
Serms., Hymns, Poems, &c., 1775-91.
Fawcett, John, D.D. Serms., theolog. treatises, bio-
graph, sketches, Ac, 1797-1807. Devotional Family Bible;
with Notes and Illustrations, Lon., 1811, 2 vols. r. 4to.
"This work is evaugelical, judicious, and well written."—
Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
"This work is wholly designed for family use; but the marginal
renderings and parallel texts have been entirely omitted. The
absence of these is inexcusable in any edition of the Bible above
the size of a duodecimo volume." — Home's Bibl. Bib.
Fawcett, John, Rector of Scaleby. Serms. for Fa-
milies, 3d ed., Lou., 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. Familiar Dis-
courses, 1828, Svo. Other works.
FaAVcett, John, of Covent-Garden Theatre. 1. Obi;
a Pant. Drama, 1800, Svo. 2. La Perouse; a Pant. Drama,
18(11, Svo. 3. The Enchanted Island; a Dram. Ballad,
1804, Svo.
"Successful pieces." — Biog. Dramat.
Fawcett, Joseph, d. 1S04, a dissenting minister at
Walthamstow, afterwards a farmer. He pub. several serms.,
poems, &c. Serms. at the Old Jewry, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. Svo.
" It may not be easy to find many volumes that can boast so
happy an union of sound sense and useful instruction with all
the graces and energies of oratory." — Lon. Monthly Review.
" His figures of speech, his metaphors and allusions, are beauti-
ful, numerous, and striking." — Lon. Critical Review.
Fawcett, Richard, D.D., Vicar of Newcastle, and
Preb. of Durham. Serm., 1768, 4to.
Fawcett, Samnel. Serms., 1641, '68.
FaAVcett, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1784, Svo.
FaAVcett, General Sir Wm., 1728-1804, Gov. of
Chelsea Hospital, an English officer, served on the Conti-
nent during "the seven years' war." 1. The Reveries, or
Memoirs upon the Art of AVar; from the French of Sase,
1757, 4to. 2. Reg. for the Prussian Cavalry; from the
German, 1757. 3. Reg. for the Prussian Infantry, 1759.
4. Rules, &c. rel. to his Majesty's Forces, 1786, Svo; 1792.
Fawconer, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1763, Svo. Es-
say on Modern Luxury, 1765, Svo.
Fawkes, Francis, 1721-1777, educated at Jesus Coll.,
Camb., Vicar of Orpington, 1755; Rector of Hayes, 1774,
1. Eramham Park ; a Poem, 1745. 2. Descrip. of May,
1752. 3. Of Winter. 4. Trans, of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion,
Mosehus, and Musaeus, 1760, 12mo; 1754; both from Gawea
Douglas. 5. Original Poems and Translations, 1761.
6. Partridge Shooting; a Poem, 1767, 4to. 7, Trans, of
the Idylliums of Theucritus, 1767, Svo. S. The Argonau-
tics of ApoUonius Rhodius; posth.; completed by Rev.
Henry Meen of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 1780, Svo. 9. Fa-
mily Bible, with Notes, 4to. 10. In conjunction with Mr.
AVutty, The Poetical Calendar, vol. i., 1763, 12mo ; intended
as a supplement to Dodsley's Collection. The Poetical Ca-
lendar and Nichols's Collection contain some of Fawkes*a
poems. His song of The Brown Jug is still a great fa-
vourite. Fawkes's merits were considerable.
" His threat strength lay in translation, in which, since Pope, few
have equalled him." — Nichols's Literary Aiucdotes. q. v.
Dr. Johnson, not, indeed, a first-rate critic in Greek lite-
rature, remarked that
" Frank Fawkes had done the odes of Anacreon very finely."
Fawkes, James. Life of Dr. Seignior, 16S1, Svo.
Fawkes, Walter. 1. Chronol. of the Hist, of Mod.
Europe, 475-1793, York, 1810, 4to. 2. Speech on ParL
Reform, 1812. 3. The Englishman's Manual; or, A Dia-
logue between a Tory and a Reformer, 1817, Svo.
Fawkner, Anthony. Serms., 1630, '35.
Fawier, John. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1707.
Fay, Theodore S,, a native of New York, Secretary
of Legation for the United States at the Court of Berlin
from 1837 to 1S53, and since 1853 Minister to Switzerland,
enjoys extensive reputation as a graceful and graphic
writer. In 1832 he pub. Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet
Man, containing The Little Genius, and other essays con-
tributed to that excellent periodical. The New York Mir-
ror, of which Mr. Fay was for some time one of the editors.
He has since pub. The Minute Book, a journal of travels;
Norman Leslie, a Tale of the Present Times, 1835 ; 2d ed.
in same year; Sydney Clifton, 1839; The Countess Ida,
1840; Hoboken, a Romance of New York, 1S43; Robert
Rueful, 1844; Ulric; or, The Voices: a Tale, 1851. Of his
fugitive contributions to periodicals, perhaps the best
known are the papers on Shakspeare. Mr. Fay has also
some pretensions to the character of a poet. A review of
the Countess Ida, by an eminent critic, will be found in
The North American Review, 11. 434-457. We quote a
few lines from the conclusion:
" The work shows a deep sympathy with human nature, as well
as a familiar acquaintance with the higher forms of Europeau
social life. The author has not been dazzled by the trappinga of
FAT
FEO
rovalty and aristocrwv. though he can describe tbem so well. The I « Charles Fearne was a man of a rery strong and subtle intellect,
■virtues and the vices "of hi-hs.vietv are set forth l.vLim with im- ' and d-'li-hted in metaphysical and phil.isoijbiail speculations.
I)arti.<ility and force; and we rise from his pa^es wi'th a cordial re- Th« work mentioned in the text [Contin-ent KeraaindersJ has
spect for his abilities, a sympathy with his views of life, and an long been a fir.'^t-rate legaljext-book, characterized by accurate
admiration nf the moral purity whii-h is shed over the scenes he and profound learning." ~ '" ' '
- Warren's L<iw Studies, 2d ed., xlv. 1S45.
has eo vividly placed befijre us." — Prof. C. C. Felton,
*' Mr. Theodore S. Fay. our Minister to Switzerland, is at present
engaged in writing the history of that country. Sevei-al years, it
is stated, must elapse ere the completion of the work, which will
doubtless be a highly creditable contribution to that historical lite-
rature for which America is already so justly distinguished." — 1!^55.
Fayerman, Francis* Zarah; that is, Christianity ,
before JudaiMU, Lon.. 1757, 8vo. I
Fayerman, Richard. Contemplation; a Poetical
Essay on the Works of Creation, 1776, 4to.
Fazakerly, Poemata varia, Lon., 17S1, 8vo. These
poems were suppressed.
Fea, James, 1. Grievances of Orkney and Shetland,
Edin., 1750. Svo. 2. Present State of the Orkney Islands,
1755. Svo. 3. Fishing on the Coasts of Shetland, 1775, Svo.
Fea, John W. Eldomiana, Lon., 1826. Svo.
Feake, Christopher. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651-
57. 4to.
Feake, John. Serm.«., Lon., 1660, 4to.
Fearn, John. 1. Human Cons^ciousness, 1811, 4to.
2. Review of Berkeley, Reid, and Stewart, 181.3, 4to.
3. Primary Vipion. 1S15, 4to. 4. The Human Mind, Svo.
Fearne, Charles, Judge-Advocate of the Admiralty,
temp. Geo. IL 1. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Trial
of Rear-Admiral Knowle?. Lon., 1750, Svo. Report of
the Trial of Admiral Byug, 1756, fol. See Bvng, Honour-
able John.
Fearne, Charles, 1749-1794, son of the preceding,
was educated at Westminster school, from whence he was
removed to the Inner TL-mjile. He soon became distin-
guished for his legal erudition, and could have secured a
large professional business, had not a fondness for chemi-
cal and philosophical experiments engrossed a great por-
tion of his time and thoughts. From this cause his life
was embarrassed with difficulties, and his last hours clouded
4. Posthumou.s Works, by T. M. Shadwell. 1795, '99, 8vo.
Fearon, Henry Bradshaw, a London surgeon.
1. Cancers, Lon., 1784, 8vo; new ed., 1795, Svo. 2. Oba.
on Cancers, Memoirs Med., 17S9. 3. A Narrative of a
Journey of 5000 miles through the Eastern and Western
States of America.
"The tone of ill-temper which this author usually manifests in
speakinR of the American character, has grained for his work the
approbation of persons who re;^ard that country with peculiar
jealousy." — Lon. Mfnthly Hevietv.
But, if Mr. Fearon be a truthful witness, there seems
to be but little occasion for "jealousy." See Lou. Quart.
Review, xxi. 124.
'■ Mr. Fearon is a much abler writer than either of the two last,
[Palmer and IJradbury.] but no lover of America, and a little given
to exaggerate in his views of vices and prejudices.'" — Rev. Sydney
Smith: iJlin. iieiicw.
Fearon, James Peter, Theatrical Criticismj a
Criticiue on the School of Reform, 1805, Svo.
Fearon, Joseph. Serm., Lon., 1756, 4to.
Fearon, Joseph F. .Serm.. Lewes, 1797, 4to.
Featherstonehaugh, George William. 1. Geo-
logical Report, made in 1834. of the elevated country be-
tween the Missouri and Red Rivers, Washington, 1S35, Svo,
pp. 97. 2. Observ. upon the Treaty of Washington, signed
9th August, 1842, Lon., 1842, Svo, pp. 560. See a review
of this, and other publications connected with this treaty,
in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxi. 560. 3. Excursion through
the Slave States, 1844, 2 vols. Svo, pp. 792.
" The notices of the natural history and the mines are novel and
interesting;, and his pictures of the hero*-s of the Ijowie-knife remarl*-
ably characteristic and entertaiuiug." — L"n. New Monthly Mag.
4. Canoe Voyage to the Minnay Soter, 1S47, 2 vols. 8vo-
Featherstouehaugh, H. Serm., 1724, Svo.
Featley, Featly, or Fairclough, Daniel, 1582-
1644, a native of Charlton, near Oxford, was educated at
with anxiety for those whom he left behind. 1. Legigra- Corpus Christ! Coll., Oxf. ; Rector of Lambeth, 1618; of
phical Chart of Landed Property in England. 1709. '94. AUhallows, 1627; and subsequently of Acton. A bio-
2. An Impartial Answer to the Doctrine delivered in a | graphy of this learned divine will bi; found in Chalmers's
Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser, under the
signature of Junius, 1769. Svo. 3. An Essay on the Learn-
ing of Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises,
1772, Svo, anon. ; 1773, '75; 4th ed., enlarged, 1791,2 vols.
Svo. This ed. contains the copies of Opinions on the Will
in case Perrin v. Blake, pub. 1780, Svo; with Notes by
Powell, vol. i., 1801 ; vol. ii., 1795, Svo ; Gth ed., with Notes
by Charles Butler, 1809, Svo; 7th, 8th, and 9th edits, vary
but little from the 6th ed.; 10th ed., enlarged by Josiah W.
Smith, 1S44, 2 vols.; Phil., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. This con-
tains Butler's Notes and addits. The value of Fearne's
great work is well known to the profession. We quote
from some eminent authorities:
"This work is so very instructive on the dry and obscure sub-
ject of remainders and executory devises, that it cannot be too
much recommended to the attention of the diligent student." —
IIargbave: Co. Lit., 'JU.
*• Where, for inst.tnce. shall we look for a work like Mr. Fearne's
Essay on Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises? This
subject, which constituted one of the most obscure, and must for-
ever remain one of the most intricate, titles of the common law,
had been already sketched out by the masterly hand of Lord Chief
Baron Gilbert, [see Bacon's Abridgment, Guillim's Edition, title,
Remainder and Reversion, N<'t^ ;] but, like all his other writings,
it was left in a detached and imperfect shape. It was reserved
for Mr. Fearne to honour the profession by a treatise so profound
and accurate that it became the guide of the ablest lawyers, yet so
luminous in method and explanations that it is level to the capa-
city of every attentive student. He has, in f;ict, exhausted the
subject; and this chef-d'oeuvre will forever remain a monument of
his skill, acuteness, and research. All that the most accomplished
lawyer can reasonably hope, is to add a commentary of new cases
and principles, as they arise, without venturing to touch the
sacred fitbrick of his master.'' — JiiDOE Stort : North Ajner. Bevitiv,
vi. W; Nov.. 1S17.
*■ A masterly production on a doctrine generally admitted as one
of the most abstruse in the whole system of English law. The en-
lightened and giientific manner in which this difficult topic has
been treated by Mr. Fi-arne has imparted to it an interest before
unfelt, and strongly illustnites the infinite importiiuce of a pro-
gressive and strictly analytical method of the discussion of dry and
abstruse doctrines." — Hnffinari's Lfigal Studtj.
But Mr. Hoffman does not think Fearne entirely correct
in classification and definitions; and, referring to the
opinion we shall next quote, considers that the "entire
doctrine of these subjects is capable of great modification."
•'If it were desired to form a code of the law of contingent re-
mainders and executory devises, it could not, perhaps, be better
done than by a statute which should propound, in the form of a
code, all the principles and rules of law laid down in Mr. Fearne's
Essay, and declare them to be law." — Charles Butler: Lift of
Chancellor lyAgnesseau, p. 65.
Biog. Diet. It was intended for the commencement of the
6th vol. of the new ed. of the Biog. Brit, never completed.
See Dibdin's Library Companion. For a list of Featley's
works, of which we notice a few, yee Athen. Oxon. An-
cilla Pietatis, Lon., 1626, 4to; a work of great popularity;
Sth ed., 1676. Hexatexium, 1637, fol. Clavis Mystica,
70 Semis., 1638. fol.
'• A singular exhibition of the kind of eloquence and instruction
which was in vogue during the period in which the author lived.
Featley was by no means destitute of learning and imaiiination;
but his powers, quaint conceits, numerous distinctions and divi-
sions, display the lamentable want of taste and good sense which
prevailed." — Orin^^s Bibl. Bib.
The Dippers Dipt : or the Anabaptists dvcked and plvng'd
over Head and Ears, at a Disputation in Southwark, 1647,
'51, 4to. Noticed by Milton: see Lowndes's Bibl. Man.;
Orme's Bibl. Man. The League Illegal, 1660, 4to. His
nephew. Dr. John Featlev, pub. a work entitled Doctor
Daniel Featly Revived, with his Life and Death, 1660, 12rao,
Featley, John, d. 1666, a nephew of the preceding,
visited, in 1643, St. Christopher's, in the West Indies, and
was the first preacher of the Gospel there. 1. A Divina
Antidote against the Plague. 2. A Fountnine of Teares,
Amst, 1646, 24mo: Lon., 1683, 12mo. 3. Divine Antidote
against the Plague, 1660. 4. Serms.
Featley, Richard, d. 16S1, aged 61, "a nonconform-
ing minister, and a frequent preacher in conventicles." —
Athen. O.ron. One or more of his serms. will be found in
! The Morning Exercise against Popery, Ac, Lon., 1675, 4to,
Febure, Mrs. A medical treatise, Lon., 1777, Svo,
"Nothing more nor less than a quack advertisement." — L<m.
Monthh/ Ht'rif^w.
Feckeuham, John de, D.D., d. 15S5. so called be-
cause born near the forest of Feckenham, (his right name
was Howman,) was the last mitred abbot who sat in the
house of peers. This excellent Roman Catholic divine
pub. a few controversial pieces. See Biog. Brit.; Dodd'a
Oh. Hist. ; Strype's Cranmer; Athen. Oxon. He was con-
tinually employed in doing good to the persecuted Pro-
testants of his day, and incurred Queen Mary's displeasure
by the pertinacity with which he urged the enlargement
of the Princess Klizabeth. Upon the accession of the lat-
ter, she ofi'ered him the Archbishopric of Canterbury upon
condition that he would conform, but he rejected the pro-
posal. He was subsequently — to the disgrace of the crown
— imprisoned with other Roman Catholics, and died a cap-
tive in Wisbeach castle, in the Isle of Ely. No man of
FEI
FEL
the age has been more commended for piety and benevo-
lence:
" A learned and pood man, that lived lon;^. did a great deal of
good to the p<X)r, and always solicited the minds of his adversaries
to benevolence." — Camden : Amiales Beg. Eliz., ad ami. 1559.
*' In wonderful esteem for his learning, piety, charity, humility,
and other virtues. All the time of Queen Mary's reign he em-
ployed himself in doing good offices for the afflicted Protestants,
from the highest to the lowest, and did intercede with the queen
for the lady Elizabeth, for which he gained her displeasure for a
time.'" — Wood: Athen. Oxon.
" A man cruel to none, courtenusandcharitable to all who needed
his help or his liberality." — Fuller: WortJties nf Westminster.
"A charitable and generous man, that lived in great esteem in
England." — Bishop Burnet: Hist, of the Hefoi-matifm.
"Though I cannot go sn far as Reyner, {yidr Apo.'it. Benediotio.
in Anglia,] to call him a martyr, yet I can't gather but that he was
a good, mild, modest, chailtable man. and a devout (.'bristian.'" —
Dart: Wt'^tmrmaderium, vol. ii.. in the Livrs of the Abbots. Vide
Bicfj. Bn(.
Feild, John* Ephemcris, Lon., 1556, *58, 4to.
Feilde, liev. MattheAV, d. 1796. Preb. of St. Paul's.
Vertumnus and Pomona; a Pastoral, 17S2. The songs
only were printed.
" An unsuccessful piece." — Biog. Dram.
Feilding, Viscount, and Capt. Kennedy. Tra-
vels in Algeria in 1S45, Lon,, 2 vols.
" A graphic ami picturesque account of their adventures, includ-
ing those among the wild Arabs and Bedouins of the desert." —
BoocVs Magazine.
Feist, C. Symbole of the Apostles, Lon., 1581, 8vo.
Feist, Charles. Poetical Effusiuns, and other works,
Lon., 181;^, tfcc.
Felgate, Samuel. The Novelty of the Modern Ro-
manish Religion, Lun., 1682, 8vo.
Felix of C'royland, flourished about 730, compiled
a Life uf St. (iuthlac. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and
authorities there cited.
Felix, N, On the Bat; a Scientific Inquiry into the
Use of Cricket. New ed., Lon., 1850, 4to. Tlie reader
must also procure — The Cricket Field; The Cricketer's
Companion ; The Cricketer's Guide ; Hints on Cricket;
and The Principles of Scientific Batting.
Fell, Elizabeth. Fables, Odes, and Miscel. Poems,
Lon., 1771, 8vo. Poem on the Times, 1774, 4to. Poems, i
1777, 4to.
Fell, John, D.D., 1625-1686, a son of Samuel Fell, 1
D.D., was a niiiive of Longworth, Berkshire, entered of !
Christ Church, O.xfurd, 16:{6 ; at the Restoration made Pre-
bendary of Chichester, and Dean of Christ Church; Vice- i
Chancellor of the University, 1666-1669; Bishop of Ox- ,
ford, 1676. I
" He Tras the most zealous man of hi.« time for the Church of
England, and none, that I yet know of. did go beyond him in the ,
performance of the rules l>elonging thereunto. . . . His charity ;
was so great that he was a husband to the affiicted widow, a father ,
to the orphan, and a tender parent to pocT children." — Athen. Ox^m., ]
where, and in Biog. Brit., see an account of bis life and works. I
Among bis works are, 1. The Life of Dr. Henry Ham-
mond, Lon., 1660, '61, '62. Reprinted afterwards at the
head of Hammond's Works ; also in Wordsworth's Eccles.
Biog. This excellent biography deserves attentive perusal.
2. Nemesii, Philos. et Episc. Emisseni, de Natura Hominis
Liber, Gr. et Lat. Notis illustratus, [Jo. Fell, Episc. Oxon.,] .
Oxon., 1671, 8vo. |
An eminent authority thus speaks of this treatise of
Nemesius :
'' Far from being either elegant or forcible, there is no new infor-
mation given, nor Is the old placed in a new light; the opinions of
the ancient philosophers are opposed, and little that is l>etter given
in their place: in physics, Nemesius appears not to have known
much, and in Metaphysics, to have been confused in what he did
know." — Cl.\rke.
3. Gramraatica Rationis, sive Tnstitutionis Logica;. 1673,
Svo. 4. The Vanity of Scoffing, 1674, 8vo. 5. Novi Tes-
tamenti Libri Omnes Graece, 1675, Svo; Leipsic, 1697 j
1702, fol. By Dr. John Gregory, Oxf., 1703, fol.
"The text is formed according to that of Robert Stephens and
the Klzevir.s ; though Wetstein has accused it of reclaiming errors
of the former, as well as of some of Walton's Polyglotf * — Name's
Bibl Bib., g. v.
" An excellent edition, and an indispensable work to every man
engaged in sacred criticism." — Bishop North,
of Man. and had Anthony Wood's History and Antiquities
of the University of Oxford trans, into Latin, Oxf., 1674,
2 vols. fol. Wood complains of this trans. See Athen.
Oxon.
Fell, John, 1735-1797, a dis.=enting minister, classical
tutor at the academy at Homerton, pub. several theolog.
and other works, the principal of which arc. 1. Genuine
Protestantism, 1773, Svo. 2. Demoniacs, 1779, Svo.
"In which the typothesis of the Kev. Mr. Farmer and others on
the subject ai"e con>idered."
See Farmer, Hugh.
3. English Grammar, 1784, 12mo. 4. Idolatry of Greece
and Rome, in a Letter to the Rev. Hugh Farmer, 17So, Svo.
"In these works, Mr. Fell defends the opposite system to that of
Farmer, which is generally received. Farmer's views of demono-
logy had been previously brought forward by Joseph Mede, Lard-
ner, Dr. Mead, and Sykes. Fell's reply, both on this subject and
on that of the ancient idolatry, is able, and acknowledged by Dr.
Kippis, who was friendly to the sentiments of Farmer, to contain
many things which would have been deserving of consideration
and reply ; but the temper in which he has written has been justly
censured." — Orm^'s Bibl. Bib.
5. Lectures on the Evidences of Chris'y, 4 by J. F., and
8 by Henry Hunter, 1798. Svo.
See Prot. Dii^senter's Mag., vols, iv., v., and vi.
Fell, J. Weldon, M.D., a native of the U.S., removed
to London, where be was allowed to treat the patients of
Middlesex Hospital for cancerous diseases upon a new plan.
In 1857 he pub. A Treatise on Cancer and its Treatment,
Lon., Svo. See Report of the Surgical Staff of the
Middlesex Hospital, 1S57, Svo.
Fell, Hunter Francis, Rector of Oulton, Suffolk.
Serms.. Lon., 1834, 12mo.
Fell, Margaret, For Manasseth Ben-Israel. The
Call of the Jews out of Babylon, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Fell, Rev. R.C Passages from the Private and Official
Life of the lato Alderman Kelly, Lon., 1856, '57, fp. Svo.
Fell, Ralph, a native of Yorkshire, d. 1S14. A Tour
through the Batavian Republic in ISOO, Lon.. ISOl, '05, Svo.
"This work gives an interesting picture of Holland and the
Dutch at this period, besides historical and political details and
observations on its connexion with France." — Steve?iso}i's Tot/ages
and Travels.
Memoirs of Charles James Fox, 1808, 4to. He edited an
ed. of Hudibras, with'Notes from Gray, &.C., 2 vols. 18mo.
Fell, Samuel, D.D., 1594—1649, a native of London,
educated at Christ Church, Oxf., Canon of Christ Church,
1619; Margaret Prof, of Divinity, 1626; Dean of Lich-
field, 1637; Dean of Christ Church, 1638: Vice-Chancel-
lor, 1645 and 1647. 1. Primitia; ; sive Oratio habita Ox-
oniae in Scholia Theologize, 9th Nov., 1626. 2. Concio
Latina ad Baccalaureos die cinerum in Colos. ii. 8, Oxf.,
I 1627. He was the father of Dr. John Fell. Bishop of
, Oxford, V, ante. See Athen. Oxon. ; Lloyd's Memoirs.
! Fell, Stephen, Surgeon, Ulverstone. Profess. Con.
to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1765.
I Fell, Walter William. 1. Principal Events in
Eng. Hist., 1811, 12mo. 2. Lancaster's System of Educa-
tion, 1812. Law of Mercantile Guarantee, 1S12, Svo., 2d
ed., 1820; 1st Amer. ed., by Charles Walker, N. York,
1825, Svo.
FellOAve, Henry. Laws of Copyholds, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Fellowes, Sir James. Reports of the Pestilential
Disorder of Andalusia at Cadiz, ISOO, '04, '10, '13, Lon.,
1S15, Svo.
" A work of great interest and importance, as it respects the dis-
cussion of a curious question of medical theory that has been the
subject ol very warm controversy." — Lon. Mfrntltly Bci'iew, 1S16. q. v.
Fellowes, Rev. Robert, of St. Mary's Hall, Oxf.,
Editor of tlic- Lninlun Critical Review. 1. Christian Phi-
losophy, 1798, 2d cd., 1799, Svo. 2. Supplet. to do. 3.
Religion without Cant, 1801, Svo. 4. Guide to Immor-
tality, 1804, 3 vols. Svo. 5. Poems, 1806, 12mo. 6. Manual
of Pietv, 1S07, Svo. Other publications; the principal of
which "is, 7. A Body of Theology, 1807, 2 vols. Svo.
" From the commencement to the conclusion, a current of the
purest ethics flows with such beauty and spirit, that he who sur-
veys it cnn possess neither tnste nor virtue if he does not resolve
on taking a copious draught of its waters." — Lnyj. Monthb/ Review.
See Brit. Critic. Dr. Parr (see Spital Sermon) speaks in
6. A Paraphrase and Annotations upon all St. Paul's high terms of the merits of FcUowes's works.
Epistles, done by several eminent men at Oxford, corrected Fellowes, Wm. D. 1. Loss of the Lady Hobart,
and improved by Bishop Fell, Lon., 1702, Svo. New ed., Lon., 1803, Svo. 2. Paris in July, 1815 ; in a Series of
Oxf., 1852, Svo. Letters. 1S15, Svo. 3. Hist, Sketches of Charles I., Crom-
"Fell on the Epistles is very short; but most of his notes are well. Charles IT., and the Principal Personages of that
worthy of remark. The collection of paraUel scripturen isjudicioua, p^^^^A pan- 1S2S, 4to; now very scarce. A few copies
and the translation in some places altered for the better." — DR. , ' , , „• c ^u ^i ^ r» ■ » t,- » - i
DoDDRipGE only were struck on for the author at Pans. An historical
'• This work does not appear to me to be of much value."— Orm«*« account will he found in this work of the sums exacted by
Btbl. Bib. the Commonwealth from the Royalists, the names of those
The bishop edited the works of St. Cyprian. 16S2. pub. who compounded their estates, &c. 4. Visit to the Monas-
Beveral works said to be by the author of The "Whole Duty tery of La Trappe, r. Svo.
534
FBL
FEL
Fellows, Sir Charles, an enteqirising traveller, b. j The cru.lition of Mr. Felt, as an antiquary, has been
1799, at Noitiugham, Kngland, knighted 1845. 1. A acknowledged by one of our highest authorities :
.Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor in
183S, Lon., 1839, imp. Svo; new ed., including No. 2,
under the title of Travels and Researches in Asia Minor,
particularly in the Province of Lycia, 1852, p. Svo.
" Since my return to England I have learned at the Geographical
Society that 'part of my route, which lay throuf^h the southern
part of Asia Minor and led nie to the remains of several important
ancient cities, had not before been traversed by any European.' It
i^ on this account alone that I am induced to lay my Journal before
the public." — Preface.
2. More Recent Discoveries in Ancient Lycia: being a
.Tournal kept during a Second Excursion in Asia Minor,
1841. imp. Svo. See No. 1.
" You cannot im.agine the pleasurable excitement of discovering
in these cities the works of art and objects of the highest interest
to the archaiologist. The age is probably earlier than the fourth
L-eutury before the Christian era, and the works are illustrations of
Homer and Herodotus." — Letter from the Aiitiior tottie Lmi. Athen.
"Our author h.os discovered eleven ancient Lycian cities, and
has allowed the learned world to perceive that Lycia has a mine of
antiquarian treasures of which he has only scraped the surface." —
Loti. Atlten.
3. Account of the Xanthian Marbles in the Brit. Museum,
their Acciuisition and Transmission to England, 1843, r.
Svo. 4. Account of the Trophy Monument at Xanthus,
1S48, r. Svo. 5. Coins of Ancient Lycia, 1855, Svo. See
Eng. Cyc, Biog., vol. ii., 1858, 885.
Fellows, John, a Methodist, pub. several poems,
hymns. Ac. The Holy Bible in Verse, 1778, 4 vols. 12mo.
Fellows, Robert. The Rights of Property vindi-
cated against Universal Siill'rage, Lon., 1818. 12mo.
Felltham, or Felthara, Owen, d. about 1678? a
native of tfiiB'olk, autlior of a work of great ability, lived
for some years in the family of tlie Earl of Thomond.
With the exception of this fact, but little is known of him.
Resolves, divine, mural, and political, in two centuriea,
1st ed., 12nio, date uncertain. 2d and 3d, 1628, 4to ;
4th, 1631, 4to: 5th, 1634, 4to; 6th, 1636, 4to ; 7th, 1647,
4to; 8th, 1661, fob; 9lh, 1670, fob; lOtb, 1677, fob; 11th,
1696, fbl. ; I2th, 1709. Svo; 13th, by Mr. Gumming, 1806,
Svo; 14th, also by Mr. C, 1820, Svo. New ed., 1839, fp.
Svo. Century I., 1840, cr. 4to. The Beauties of Owen
Feltham, selected from his Resolves, by J. A., was pub.
in 1818, 12mo. For an account of this excellent work,
and some other compositions of Feltham, included in some
of the edits, of the Resolves, we must refer the reader to
Mr. Cumming's edit., and to the Lon. Retrosp. Review,
X. 343-365, 1824.
" We lay aside the Resolves, as we part from our dearest friends,
in the hope of frequently returning to them. We recommend the
whole of them to our readers' perusal. They will find therein
moi-e solid maxims, as much piety, and far better writing, than
in most of the pulpit lectures now current among us." — Ubi supra,
"When Feltham lived, casuistry was a favourite study. This
volume is a cabinet of the fashion of the day ; full of gorgeous
ornaments of motherof-pearl and shells, and curiously carved,
traced, and hinged." — Archdeacon Wrangham.
"Of this book, the first part of which was published in 1627, the
second not until after the middle of the century, it is not uncom-
mon to meet with high praises in those modern writers, who pro-
fess a faithful allegiance to our older literature. For myself, I can
only say that Feltham appears not only a lalxiured and artificial,
but a shallow, writer. Among his many faults, none strike me
more than a want of depth, which his pointed and sententious
manner renders more ridiculous. . . . He is one of our worst wri-
ters in point of style; with little vigour, he has less elegance." —
Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. q. v.
Vfe quote one observation of Feltham's, pertinent to the
object of this Dictionary.
"It was an observation of the excellent Plutarch, that we ought
to regard books as we do sweetmeats: not chiefly to aim at the
pleasantest, but chiefly to respect the wholesomest ; not forbidding
either, but approving the latter most.
Feltham says truly enough, in another place,
"Learning falls far short of wisdom, nay. so far, that you can
scarcely find a greater fool than is sometimes a mere scholar."
Felt, Rev. Joseph B., b. 1789, at .Salem, Massa-
chusetts, grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813. 1. Annals of Salem,
Salem, 1827, Svo; 1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
"An accurate and useful work, the fruit of much original re-
search."— BANCaoFT.
2. Historical Account of Mass.achusettsCnrrency.l 839, Svo.
"Full of instruction from beginning to end. not only as tlirow-
ing great light upon the history of the country, and the working
of its institutions, hut also giving practical lessons, applicable to
the present state of things." — North Amer. Beview, 1. '266.
3. Hisfory of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton, 1833.
4. Collections for the American Statistical Association on
Towns, Population, and Taxation, 1847, pp. 596. 5. Me-
moir of Roger Conant, 1848. Mr. Felt has favoured us
with some other statistical and topographical labours.
See Rich's Bibl. Amcr. Nova; Ludcwig's Lit, of Amer.
Local Hist.
" Rev. .Joseph B. Felt, whose profound acquaintance with the
antiquities of Massachusetts is known to the public." — Hon. Ed-
ward Everett : JVotf to his Address on the Battle of Bloody Brook,
delivered Sept. 30, 183S : Orations and Speeclies, vol. i., 3d ed., 1863.
Feltham, John. 1. Tour tljrough the Isle of Man
in 1797-98. Lon., 179S, Svo. 2. The English Enchiridion:
Apothegms, Moral Maxims, Ac, Bath. 1799, cr. Svo. 3.
Structure and Economy of the Human Body, 1803, Svo.
Felton, Cornelius Conway, since 1834 Eliot Prof,
of Greek Literature in Harvard University, b. 1807, at West
Newbury, Mass., has edited several of the classics, pub. a
number of valuable works, and contributed many papers
to the North American Review and other periodicals.
1. Iliad of Homer, with Flaxman's Illust. and Eng. Notes,
1833, Svo; many eds. 2. Menzel's Hist, of German Litera-
ture, trans. 1840, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Greek Reader. 1840, 12mo;
many orts. 4. The Clouds of Aristophanes, 1841 ; repub. in
England; 3d ed. 5. The Panegyricus of Isocrates, 1,847;
2dcd., 1854. 6. The Agamemnon of .ilschylus, 1847, 12nio.
This was reviewed by C. A. Bristed in the Knickerbocker,
xsx. 246, by Tayler Lewis, xxix. 543. Mr. Francis Bowen
answered this article in N. Amer. Rev., Ixv. 239. Other
papers upon the same subject will be found in the Knick-
erbocker, XXX. 246: Knickerbocker, xxx. 260. 326. 374, by
C. A. Bristed; Amer. Lit. Mag., i. 37, 124: Chris. Exam.,
xliii. 140. 7. Metres of the Greeks and Romans. 12mo.
S. 'Ihe Birds of Aristophanes, with Eng. Introd. and Notes ;
repub. in England. 9. The Earth and Man : Lectures on
Comparative Piiysical Gei'grapby, in relation to the His-
tory of Mankind, by Prof. Arnold Guyot ; trans, by C. C.
Felton, Boston, 1849, 12mo. Several eds. of it have lieen
pub. in England ; it has been trans, into German and cir-
culated on the Continent. Several discourses on education
and kindred suVijects.
"It will not only render the study of Geography more attract-
ive, but actually show it in its true light : namely, as the science
of the relations which exist between nature and man throughout
history: of the contrasts observed between the different parts of
the globe; of the laws of horizontal and vertical forms of the di-y
land, in its contact with the sea; of climate, 4c."— Pi-of Louis
Agassiz.
"The work is one of high merit, exhibiting a wide range of
knowledge, great research, and a philosophical spirit of investi-
gation. Its perusal will well repay the most learned in such sub-
jects, and give new views to all of man's relation to the globe he
inhabits." — SUliman's Journal.
Also highly commended by Mr. George S. Hillard, and
in the N. Amer. Review, and in the Christian Examiner.
The value of Prof. Guyot's Mural Map is well known to
teachers and pupils. 10. Memorial of Prof. Popkin. 1852.
11. Selections from the Greek Historians. 12. Smith's Hist.
of Greece, with a continuation, 1855. 12. Lord Carlisle's
Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, with Notes and Illus-
trations, 1855, Svo. Articles on Agassiz, Athens, and
Attica, in New Amer. Cyc. Professor Felton is also one of
the authors (in conjunction with Profs. Sears and Edwards)
of Miscellaneous Essays on .subjects connected with Classical
Literature, pub. by Gould &, Lincidn of Boston, under the
title of Ancient Literature and Art. Such contributions to
theintellcctual wealth of the country are indeed invaluable.
To Prof F. we are also indebted for the Life of Wm. Eaton
in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st Series, ix. 163, and several
other literary labours.
Feltou, Daniel. The Examination and Confession
of Cnjd, Lilbiirne and Capt. Viviers, Lon., 1642.
Felton, EdnioJid. Engines invented to save much
Blood and Moneys, (in these Times of Warre,) and to do
good Service, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Felton, George. Serm.. 1715, Svo.
Felton, Heury, Rector of Malford. Serm., 1689.
Felton, Henry, D.D., 1679-1740, a native of London,
educated at Westminster School, the Charter House, and
Edmund Hall. Oxf.: Rector of WhiteweU, Derbyshire. 1711;
Principal of Edmund Hall, 1722. 1. Colebrook Letter,
1706 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Dissert, on reading the
Classics, and forming a just style, 1711 : 4th and best ed.,
1757 A hi-'bly-estecmed work. 4. Semis, and theolog.
treatises, 1725-48. 5. Serms., pub. by his son, Rev. Wm.
Felton, with Life, 174S. „,,»=„
Felton, John H. The Decimal System, Bost., 1859.
Felton, Nicholas, d. 1626, Master of Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge. 1616: Bishop of Bristol, 1617 ; of Coventry
and Lichtield, 1618: of Ely, 1619. He was one of the
translators of the Bible temp. James I.
Felton, S. 1. Gleanings on Gardens, Lon. 2. On the
Portraits of English Authors on Gardening, with Biog.
Notices; 2d ed., with addits., 1830, Svo.
ess
FEL
FEN
Felton, Wm. Letter to Rev. Mr. Romaine on his Dis-
course on the Law and the Gospel, 176], 8vo. Serm., 1773.
Felton, Wm,, a London coaeh-makor. Carriages
and Harness. 179-4, '95; Supp., 1796, 3 vols. 8vo.
FeltweU, R. Serm., Lon., 1660, 4to.
Feu, James. iSerm., 16S6, 4to.
Feu. See Fenn.
Fenby, Thomas. English Synonymes; a Copious
Dictionary of Synonymes, Classified and Explained: with
an Outline of English Grammar, a vSelectiun of Latin and
French Quotations, with corresponding English Transla-
tions. &c., Liverp., 1853. 12mo.
Fencer, James. The Cow Ragious Castle-Combat,
Lon., 1635, '45, 4to. A poetical tract.
Fenn, Lady, pub., under the assumed name of Mrs.
Lovechild, a number of useful educational works, of which
the sale has been very large. 1. The Child's Grammar;
44th ed., Lon., 1851, 18mo. 2. The Mother's Grammar;
22d ed., 1849. ISmo. 3. Parsing Lessons for Elder Pupils.
4. For Children; new ed., 1849, 18mo. 5. Grammatical
Amusements; in a box. 6. Sunday Miscellany. 7. Short
Sermons for Young Persons. Under the name of S. Love-
child, was pub., in 1S52, Lon., 12mo, Sketclies of Little
Boys and Girls.
Fenn, Fen, or Feune, John, d. 1615, a R. Catholic
divine, a native of Montacute, Somersetshire. Fellow of
New Coll., Oxf., 1552, became confessor to the English
nuns at Louvain. Life of St. Catherine of Sienna, from
the Italian, 1609, 8vo. lie also wrote Vitae quorundam
Martyrum in Anglia, and other pieces, and made trans.
of Bishop Fisher's and other works. See Athen. Oxon.;
Wood's Annals; Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Fuller's Worthies.
Fenn, Sir John, 1739-1794, an antiquary, a native
of Norwich, made a large collection of original letters,
written during the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV.,
Richard IIL, and Henry VII., by members of the Paston
Family, and others, who were personally conversant with
the events of their times. Two vols, were pub. in 1787, 4to,
and 2 more in 1789, 4to; vol. v., 1823, 4to. There are a
few copies of the first four vols, on large paper, which bring
a high price. Indeed, a set of the ordinary size, first edit.,
was formerly worth about ten guineas. Of the first two
vols, there were two edits., of which the second is to be
preferred, having addits. and corrections by the editor and
George Steevens. New ed., 2 vols, in 1, sq. 12mo, 1840.
Also in Knight's Miscellanies, 1840, '41, 2 vols, sq., and
in Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 1849, 2 vols, in 1, 12mo.
In the new edits, the duplicate version of the letters, in
old English, is omitted.
" The Paston Letters are an important testimony to the progres-
sive condition of society, and come in as a preirious link in the
chain of the moral history of Enj^land, which thuy alone in this
period supply. . . . Pictures of the life of the English gentry in
that ai^e." — Hallajii^s Introduct. to Lit. of Europe.
" The letters of Henry the Sixth's reign are come out, and to
tne make all other letters not worth reading. I've gone through
above one volume, and cannot hear to be writing when I am so
eager to be reading." — Hokace Walpole: Letters to Lady Os^sory.
'' Friday. Ff6. 9, 17S7.
'*I am now reading the Paston Family Original Letters, written
in the wars of York and LancastL-r, and am greatly entei-tained
with them. Their antique air, thuir unstudii'd '■ominuniration of
the modes of those old times, with their uudnul'tnl juitlicuticity,
render them highly interesting, curinus, ami iTifnruiiiig. The
Queen told me she had beun much struck with the Duke of Suf-
folk's letter to his son. It is indeed both interesting and instruct-
ive."— Madame D'Arblay's Diary.
Sir John also pub. Three Chronological Tables of the
members of the Society of Antiquaries, 1784, 4to.
Fenn, Joseph. Semis., Lon., 18.30, 8vo.
Fenn, Richard. Panegyricon Inaugurale PrEetoris
Regii, iic. 16;'>7, 4to.
Fenn, Warwell. Serms.. Colch., 1830. '36, 2 vols. 8vo.
Fenue, Thomas. Fenne's Fruits, Lon., 1590, 4to.
This work treats of Fame, War, the Trojans, Ac.
Fennel, James, 1766-1816, a native of London, an
actor, emigrated to Philadelphia, where he died. 1. State-
ment of Facts rel. to a disturb, at the Edin. Theatre, 1788,
8vo. 2. Lindor and Clara; a Comedy. 1791, 8vo. 3. Pro-
ceedings at Paris, 1792, 8vo. 4. Apology for his Life,
1814, 2 vols. See Biog. Dramat.
Fenner, Dudley, d. 15S7, aged about 30, a Puritan
divine, pub. several theolog. treatises, 1583-94, and the
Artes of Logike and Rhetorike, 1584, 4to. See Bibl. Brit.
Fenner, Lud. John. Serm., 1777, 8vo.
Fenner, Wm., b. 1600, d. abuut 1G40, a Puritan di-
vine, educated at Pembroke Hall, Camb., became a preacher
at Sedgeley, Stafiordshire; Rector of Rochiord, Essex,
1629. Works, consisting of Serms. and Discourses, Lon.,
1657, fol.
*' His works discover much acquaintance with religion in all its
parts ; his inanuer plain, zealous, and alarming." — Wdhanis's C. P.
Feuning, Daniel. Works on mathematics, geo-
graphv, philology, and commerce, Lon., 1750-72. See
Bibl. Brit.
Fennor, Wm. 1. Fennor*s Defence, Lon., 1615, 8vo,
2. Speeches before the King and Queen, Ac, 1616, 4to.
Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 916, £5 5». Reprinted in Nichols'3
Progresses of K. James I. 3. The Compter's Common-
wealth, 1617, 4to. This describes the troubles of an un-
fortunate debtor in the hands of Serjeants and jailers.
4. Lawes, .Justice, and Equity of a Compter, 1629, 4to.
Fenton, Edward, d. 1603, a navigator, a native of
Nottinghamshire, and a brother of Sir tieoffrey Fenton.
Certaine Secretes and Wonders of Nature, Lon., 1569, 4to.
Voyage to Magellan in 1582, written by his Vice-Admiral,
Luke Ward. See Callander's Voyages, i., p. 373, 1766,
Fenton, Elijah, 1683-1730, a native of Shelton,
Staffordshire, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., is best known
as the assistant of Pope in the trans, of the Odyssey. In
this capacity he has already come under our notice. See
Broome, William. Although, according to Johnson and
Warton, Fenton trans, only the 1st, 4th, 19th, and 20th
books, yet the Earl of Orrery asserts that he really trans,
double the number of books that Pope has owned: —
'• His reward was a trifle — an an-ant trille. He has even told me
that he thou^'ht Pope feared him more than he loved him. Ue
had no npiuiou of Pope's heart, and declared hioi, in the words of
Bishop Atterbury, Meiis curva in corpore cun'o." — Earl of Orrery's
Lfiter to Mr. Duncomhe.
He was for some time master of the Free Grammar
School at Sevenoaks, Kent, and subsequently tutor to
Lord Broghill, son of his friend, the Earl of Orrery.
1. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1717, 8vo. 2. Mari-
anne ; a Tragedy, 8vo.
" The tenor of his verse is so uniform that it cannot he thought
casual: and yet, upon what principle he so constructed it as it is,
is difficult to discover." — Dr. JuhnsQiCs Lift of Fenton.
3. Waller's Poems, with Notes, 1729.
*' Notes often useful, often entertaining, but too much extended
by long quotations from Clarendon. Illustrations drawn fi-om a
book so easily consulted should be made by references rather than
transcription." — Dr. Johnson : vhi supra. Life of Miltoit prefixed
to the 2'ocms of the latter, 1723.
"He undertook to revise the punctuation of Milton's poems,
which, as the author neither wrote the original copy nor corrected
the press, was supposed to be capable of amendment. To this edi-
tion he prefixed a short and elegant account of Milton's life, written
at once with tenderness and integrity." — Da. Johnson : tdn supra.
See Johnson's Lives of the English Poets; Nichols's
Poems; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Ruffhead's Pope; Spence's
Anecdotes.
Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, Geffrey, or Jeffrey, d.
1608, a brother of Edward Fenton, q. v., was a sagacious
statesman, for twenty-seven years "privy-councillor in
Ireland," and a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth.
1. Certain Tragicall Discourses, Written out of Frencho
and Latiue, Lon., 1567, '79, 4to.
'" In point of selection of size, perhaps the most capital collection
of this kind is Fenton's book of tragical novels." — Warton's Hist.
of Eng. Pnetry.
" The learned stories erste, and sugred tayles that laye
Kemoude from simple common sence, this writer doth displaye."
— George Tubervtlle : Kecommendatory Poems, prefixed to Certain
7^-agicall Discmirses.
Golden Epistles, from Guevara and other Authours, La-
tin, French, and Italian, 1575, 77, '82, 4to. The Epistles
of Guevara, in this vol., are not contained in the collection
of his Epistles pub. by Edward llellowes in 1674. Fenton
pub. several other translations into English, the best known
of which is The History of Guieciardin, 1579, ful.; 2d cd.,
1599, ful.; 3ded., 1618, foL
" Fenton is a good old translator." — Loii. Qmr. Rev.
'■ Even Guicciardin's siluer Historie, and Ariosto'sgolden Cantos,
growe out of refjuest. and the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia is
not greene enough for queasie stomaches, but they must haue
Greene's Arcadia." — Gjbriel Harvey's Foure Letters, <f-c., Lon., 1592,
4to, lett. iii.. p. 29.
"It is probably to this book that Gabriel Harvey, Spenser's
Hobbinol, alludes." — Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry.
Of Guicciardini's celebrated history we shall have some-
what to say when we come to notice Goddard's translation.
See GoDDARD, Austin Parke.
Fentou, J. King James: his Welcome to London,
Lon., 1603, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 931, £3 3s. North,
Pt. .3, 792. £2 9s.
Fenton, Richard, a Welsh barrister, d. 1821. An
Historical Tour through Pcmlirokeshiro, a map, .ind 30 en-
gravings by Storcr and Greig, Lon., 181 1, 4to, ami imp. 4to.
In this valuable work, which is rich in the history and an-
tiquities of Wales, the author had the assistance of Sir
Richard Colt Hoare. Mr. Fenton also wrote A Tour in
FEN
Search of a Genealogy, Memoirs of an Old Wig, and left
a MS. trans, of Athenaus.
Fenton, Roger, D.D. 1. Answer to W. Alabaster—
his Motives, Lon., 1609, -Ito. 2. Treatise of Usury. 1612,
4to. See an examination of this in Sir Roliert Filmer's
Quffistio Quodlibetica, 1653, '58, 8to. 3. 6 Serms., 1616.
4. Ch. of Rome, 1617, 4to.
Feuton, Thomas, Rector of Natoly-scures, Hamp-
shire. Annotations on the Book of Job, and the Psalms,
collected from several commentators, and methodized and
improved, Lon., 1732, 8vo. 1
Fenwick, Lt. Col. Address to Infantry, 1803, 4to. j
Fenwick, Mrs. E. Secrecy; a Norel, 1799, 3 vols.
12mo. 2. Infantine Stories, 1815, 12mo.
" One of the most interesting books that can posfiibly be put into
the hands of a child."
Fenwick, George, a Hutchinsonian divine, Rector
of Hallaton, Leicestershire. 1. Serms., Ac, 1737-58.
2. Thoughts on the Hebrew Titles of the Psalms, Ac, Lon.,
1749, 8vo.
" A curious and r.ither interesting production, and the only trea-
tise on the .'iutijcct. 1 suppose, in our language. . . . The object is
to show that Christ or his church is the burden of .ill the P.calms ;
and that this is indicated bv the titles of many of them. It is
often, no doubt, both fanciful and hypothelical, and largely im-
bued with the theology of his master; but the hooii contains both
learning and piety, and will reward a perusal." — Orme's BiU. Btb.
3. The Psalter in its Original Form, 1759, 8vo. The
design here is the same as in the former work.
*' "Written on this hypothesis. Mr. Fenwick is often fanciful in
his interpretations, lie has, however, many happy renderings." —
Umiie-s llihi. Bih.
Fenwick, John. Mem. of Dumourior, 1794, 2 vols.
8vo. 1. The Trial of J. Coigley, 1798. 8vo. 2. The In-
dian; a Farce, 1800, 8vo. 3. Grammars. Ac, 1811.
Fenwick, John Ralph, M.D., of Durham. 1. Cal-
careous Manures ; Electric Fluids in Vegetation, 1798, Svo.
"The author trod the old path, and did not find a new read to
Itny point." — Donaldson's Ai/ricuU. Bing.
2. Life of John Clerk, M.D., 1806, Svo. 3. Oil of Tur-
peutine in Ta>nia, in Med. Chir. Trans., ISll.
Fenwick, H. O. The Goblin Groom. Edin., 1S07, 4to.
Fenwick, Thomas. 1. Practical Mechanics, Newc,
1801, Svo. 2. Subterraneous Surveying, &c., 1804, Svo.
Fenwick, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1642, '43, 4tn.
Fenwick, Wm. Semi.. 1701, 8vn.
Fenwieke, Lt, Col, John. Christ ruling in the
miilst of his Enemies, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Ferebe, George. R. AbrahamiFil. Rattani, Prcecep-
ta Judaicaaffirmativaacnegativa; Lat. ; Camb., 1597, Svo.
Fergns, Henry. Laws and Institutions of Moses,
Dumf. and Lon., (1811.) Svo. This is detached from the
author's unpublished Hist, of the Hebrews.
"His pamphlet displ.iys in a concise yet luminouB manner the
several topirs whirh the ecclesiastical government of the Hebrews
includes." — Lon. Month. Rev.
2. Hist, of the U. States of America, 1492-1829, Lon.,
1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. The Testimony of Nature and
Revelation to the Being, Perfection, and Govt, of God,
Edin.. 1833. p. Svo.
'• It displays infinitely more of orii^inal thought and patient re-
search than the volumes published by the Managers of his Lord-
ship's [the Bridgewattr] Legacy." — Lon. Athentsum.
'• He has avowedly availed himself at times of Ray. Derham, and
Paley; but his volume has many sources of illustration not known
to tliose writers."— Z.'>n. Month. Hev.
Also commended in the Cong. Mag., Evang. Mag., Dubl.
tJniv. Mag., &c.
4. Readings in Natural Theology, Oxf., 1S3S, fp. Svo.
Fergnson. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to.
Ferguson. Encroachments of Chas. XL, 1689.
Ferguson. View of an Ecclesiastick, 1698, 4to.
Ferguson and Vance. Tenure of Land in Ireland,
1854, Svo.
" A very full and detailed statement of the various modes of
holding laud in Ireland, the cultivation of the soil, its products,
and value." — Dfmakhon''s AgricuH. Biog.
Ferguson, Adam. Serm., 1745.
Ferguson, Adam, LL.D., 1724-1816, a son of the
Rev. Adam Ferguson, minister of Logic Rait, Perthshire,
was educated at the University of St. Andrew's, where be
was distinguished for his acquirements. In 1744 he en-
tered the 42d regiment as chaplain, and occupied this post
until 1757, when he accepted the situation of tutor in the
family of Lord Bute. In 1759 he was chosen Professor of
Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, and
five years later, in 1764. obtained the professorship of Mo-
ral Philosophy. From 1773 to 1775 he travelled on the
Continent with the Earl of Chesterfield. In 1778 he was
appointed secretary to the commissioners sent to America
to endeavour to effect an amicable compromise with the
FER
con'n'ess representing the different States. In 1785 he re-
signed the professorship of Moral Philosophy in favour of
Dugald Stewart. Late in life he paid another visit to the
Continent, and on his return retired to St. Andrew's, where
he lived in the enjoyment of literary society until 1816,
when ho died, in the 93d year of his age. 1. An Essay on
the Hist, of Civil Society, Edin., 1767, 4to; 7th ed., Lon.,
1811, Svo.
"There are uncommon strains of eloquence in it; and I was
surprised to find not one single idiom of his country (I thiukj in
the whole work. His appliratiou to the heart is frefiuent, and
often successful. His love of Montesquieu and Tacitus has led
him into a manner of writinii too short-winded and sententious,
which those great men, had they lived in hetter times, and under
a better government, would have avoided." — Gray, t/ic p':et.
2. Institutes of Moral Philosophy, for the use of Stu-
dents, Edin., 1769, '70, 12mo. 3. A Reply to Dr. Price on
Civil and Religious Liberty, 1776. 4. The Hist, of the
Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic, Lon.,
178:1, 3 vols. 4to; 1805, 5 vols. Svo. The value of this
work is well Itnown.
" Authentic and dignified ; and the latter volumes, on the strug-
gles and termination of the Republic, are full of interesting reflec-
tions."— Ch.vncellor Kent.
" I comfort myself, that as my trade is the study of human na-
ture, I could not fix on a more interesting corner of it than the
end of the Roman republic. Whether my compilations should
ever deserve the attention of any one besides myself, must remain
to be determined after they are further advanced." — Zetfcr to Ed-
waril mlihon, IWi April, 1776, be/ore the completion of the work as
piilitishcd.
Ferguson's History is carried down to the end of the
reign of Tiberius, and should be read as an introduction
to Gibbon's Decline and Fall. Ferguson was also the au-
thor of several minor publications. See Chambers's Lives
of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen ; Soots Mag. ; Public Cha-
racters, 1799, 1800 : Lockhart's Life of Scott; Encyc. Brit.
Ferguson, Andrew. The Gardener's Universal
Guide, "Lon., 17SS, Svo.
Ferguson, Andrew, M.D. Med. Researches, 1801.
Ferguson, or Fergusson, David. Collection of
Scottish Proverbs. Printed about 1598. Reprinted, Edin.,
1785.
Ferguson, Elizabeth Grteme, 1739-1801. a native
of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Thomas Grseme, an
eminent Scotch physici.an, settled in Philadelphia, son-in-
law to Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1717-
1726. She married Hugh Henry Ferguson, a Scotchman,
from whom she was separated in 1775, in consequence of
Mr. Ferguson's adherence to the British Government on
the occurrence of the American Revolution. She trans.
FenCdon's Telemachus into English heroic verse; this has
not been printed; (the MS. is in the Franklin Library,
Phila. ;) but some of her minor poems, letters, &c. have
been given to the world. For an interesting account of
this lady, and an estimate of her merits as an author, and
some specimens of her composition, see Griswold's Female
Poets of America. See also E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks'
Cyc. of Amer. Lit., for her poetical correspondence with
Rev. Nathaniel Evans, which is not without merit.
Ferguson, H. Serm., 1743, Svo.
Ferguson, or Fergusson, James, Minister at Kil-
winning, Scotland. 1. Expos, of the 1st and 2d Epist. to
the Philippians and Colossians, Lon., 1656, Svo. 2. E.xpos.
of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Qalatians and Ephesians,
1659, 12mo.
" They abound with pertinent observations deduced from the
text considered in its proper connexion, and in a method almost
peculiar to the Scottish divines of the last century."— Z'r. Wilr
liams's C. P.
3. Expos, of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Thessalonians,
1675, 12mo.
"These short expositions [all of the above] are uncommonly
sensible, and display very considerable capacity for explaiuing tho
Bible."— Omif's Bibl. Bib.
New ed. of the above, in 1 vol. large Svo, Lon.. 1S41.
4. Serms. on the Errors of Toleration, Erastianism, Inde-
pendency, and Separation, with four occasional Serms.,
Edin., 1698, Svo.
"A good old Scotch writer."— Bfc;,ersW/i's C. S.
Ferguson, James, 1710-1776, a native of Keith,
Bamffshire, whilst yet very young, without the advantages
of education, exhibited a remarkable genius for mechanical
and astronomical investigations. Whilst employed in the
humble capacity of a shepherd, he continued his studies
with untiring zeal. In 1743 he came to London, where
he attracted great attention by the publication of astrono-
mical tables, and the delivery of lectures, repeated in many
towns in England, on experimental philosophy. A list of
his publications and contributions to Phil. Trans, will be
found in Bibl. Brit. Works, edited by Sir David Brewster,
587
FER
FER
Edin., 5 vols. 8vo. Lectures on select Subjects in Mccha- !
nics, Hydrostatics, &c., edited by Sir B. B., 2 vols. 8vo.
Astronomy explained upon Sir T^^aac Newton's principles,
1821, 2 vols, 8vo. New ed., 18-11, 2 vols. 8vo.
"He was universally considered as at the head of astronomy
and mechanics in this nation of philosophers; and he raij!;ht justly
he styled self-taught, or rather heaven-tauirht, for iu his whole life
he had not received above half a year's instruction at school." —
Encyc. Brit. See Chambers's Lives of TUust. and Dist. Scotsmen.
Fergruson, Sir James, of Kilhenam, one of the sena-
tors of the College of Justice. Decisions of the Ct. of Ses-
sions, 1738-52, in the form of a Dictionary. Pub. by his
son, Edin., 1755, fol.
Ferguson, James. 1. Volunteer Corps, Edin., 1806,
Svo. 2. Reform in Civil Justice, 1807, 8vo. 3. New Biog.
Diet, 1810, 18mo. 4. Bill rel. to separate Tribunal, 1824,
Svo. 5. Entails, 1830, Svo.
"A well-timed and admirable treAtise." — Ayr Advertiser.
6. Addit. Obs. on Entails, 8vo. 7. Actions of Divorce,
1823. 8vo.
*' The discussions embrace some of the most important, and, per-
haps, some of the most difficult, questions which can be agitated
in a court of law.'' — Lon. Quart. Rev.
8. Consistorial Law in Scotland, 1829. 8vo,
Ferguson, John. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1738.
Ferguson, or Fergusson, John. A Diet, of the
Hindostan Language, Lon., 1773, 4to. The principal part
of the impression was lost at sea.
Ferguson, Robert, d. 1714. was ejected in 1662 from
his living of Godmarshara, Kent. 1. Justification, Lon.,
1668, 12mo. 2. Moral Virtue, 1673, 8vo. 3. The Interest
of Keason in Religion, of the Use of Scripture Metaphors,
Ac, 1675. 8vo.
" Part of a controversy in which the author and some others
were engaged with Dr. Sherlock. . . . Ferguson's work contaips
some judicious remarks on the use of reason in religion, and also
on the metaphysical language of Scripture." — Orme's Bill. Brit.
Other works. For a notice of works pub. against Fergu-
son's views, see Lowndes's Brit. Librarian, 758.
Ferguson, Robert. 1. The Shadow of the Pyramid;
a series of Sonnets, Lon., 1847, fp. 8vo. 2. The Pipe of
Repose; or. Recollections of Eastern Travel, 1848, 12mo;
3d ed., 1852, sq.
" We do not disparage * Eothen,' when we offer an opinion that
It is Eotheti in niiTiiature, Enfhen in spirit, Eothen in popular at-
traction, and quite Eothen iu talent." — Lon. Literari/ Gaz.
3. Swiss Men and Swiss Mountains, 1853, 16mo.
Ferguson, Robert. A Catalogue of Books in his
Library. Edin., 1S17, 4to. Privately printed.
Ferguson, Robert, See Feugusson.
Ferguson, Win. Interest Tables, Edin., 1839, 12mo.
New ed., 1853, 12mo.
"For completeness, simple arrangement, and consequent ease
of reference, these Tables excel every work on Interest which we
have yet seen." — .Scotsman.
Ferguson, Wm. 1. Spiritual Ruin, &c. in the dio-
cese of Oxford, Lon. 2. The Impending Danger of our
Country. 1848, fp. 8vo.
"The facts of this volume are heart-rending and appalling, and
the nature of the remedy is a probU-ni whirh OTiuht earnestly to
occupy every politician and every enlarged Christian." — A'onc&n-
Jurmtst.
Ferguson, Wm. D. 1. Practice of Cts. in Ireland,
Dubl.. 1841, '42, 2 vols. Svo.
"■ Of the treatises which have appeared on the practice of the
Courts, I may especially allude to that of Mr. Ferguson, a work of
very great merit and very considerable accuracy." — Professor
Napier.
2. Practical Proceed, and Pleadings of Cts. in Ireland,
1845, 8vo. 3. Irish Cts. Registrations, 1846, 12mo. 4. Law
of Railway Companies in Ireland, 1848, 12mo. 5. Code
rel. to Churches, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 6. Tenure and iinprov,
of Land in Ireland, 1851. Svo.
Fergusone,or Fergusson, David. Sermon preachit
befoire the Regent and Nubilitic, Sant'tandrois, 1572, Svo.
Fergusson, David. Epitbalamium mysticum Salo-
monis Regis, Ac, Edin., 1677, 12mo.
Fergusson, James. 1. Ancient Topog. of Jerusa-
lem, 1847, imp. Svo. 2. Ancient Architecture in Hindos-
tan, Lon., 1847, fol.
" Exquisite specimens of artistic skill, enhanced in value by
the Ciithfuliiess with which every scene and place is recorded." —
Lon. Art Union.
3. Hist. Inquiry into the true Principles of Beauty in
Art, more especially with reference to Arehitceture, 1S48,
imp. 8vo. See commendation in Lon. Eclectic Review.
4. The Palaces of Nineveh and Pei'sepolis Restored,
1851, Svo.
*'This lionk contains many things of general interest relating to
one of the most wonderful discoveries that have occurred in the his-
tory of the world." — Lon. Gent. Mag.
Other works.
Fergusson, Robert, 1750-1774, a Scotch poet of con-
5SS
siderablo merit, was a native of Edinburgh, and educated
at the University of St. Andrew's. He contributed many
pieces to Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, (commenced in
1768,) which he pub. in a volume in 1773, Edin., 12moj
Perth, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo; Glasg., 1800, 12mo. AVith Life,
by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1807, Greenock, 1810, Svo. With
Life, by David Irving ; numerous edits. A new ed. has re-
cently been pub. by A. FuUarton. Edinburgh.
'*The most correct and authc-ntic colleLtiou of the works of Fer-
gusson extant." — North British Mail.
"An edition of Fergusson, such as this is — complete, careful, and
handsome — was wanted, and is welcome." — Scotsman.
Habits of dissipation resulted in poverty and despond-
ency, and the poet ended his life in the Insane Asylum at
Edinburgh. An interesting memoir of Fergus.^on will be
found in Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen.
Burns greatly admired Fergusson, and was stimulated to
poetical composition by reading his effusions. He erected
a monument to his memory in the Canongate churchyard,
and often bewails his unhappy end, both in his prose and
poetical pieces. Wo nuute the following elegy, written by
Burns in a copy of Fergusson's works:
"Curse on ungrateful man that can be pleased,
And yet can starve the author of his pleasure!
Oh. thou, my elder brother in misfortune;
By far my elder brother in the muses.
With tears I pity thy unhappy fate!
"Why is the bard untitted for the world.
Yet has so keen a relish of its pleasures?"
This is all very absurd. If "the bard" would cultivate
industry and virtue, instead of addicting himself to the
"good sherria sack," he would do well enough in "the
world."
Fergusson, Robert. 1. Representation in Scotland,
&c., 1792, Svo. 2. Proceed, rel. to Earl of Thanet, &c..
1799, Ac.
Fergusson, Wm., M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Chirurg.
Trans., ISU, '13. 2. Notes and Rccollec. of a Profesa.
Life, edited by his son, James Fergusson, Lon., 1846, 8vo,
" To the medical ofBcer. and. we may add. in many instances, to
the civil practitioner also, it cannot fell to prove both interesting
and useful." — United S'-n^ice Gaz.
3. A System of Practical Surgery, 1842, fp. 8vo ; 3d ed.,
1852; 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, Svo.
'■ We feel persuaded it will prove as great a fiivourite as it de-
serves." — Edin. Jour, of M^d. Science.
■'No work was ever written which more nearly comprehended
the necessities of the student and practitioner, and was more care-
fully arianged to that single purpose than this."— A'; Y. Med. and
Surf/. Jour.
Fermar, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pomfret.
Corrcsp. between her .and the Countess of Hartford, {after-
wards Duchess of Somerset,) Lon.. 1803, 3 vols. 12mo.
Ferme, Cbarles, d. about 1620, a native of Edin-
burgh, regent 1589. afterwards minister of Fraserburgh.
Analysis Logiea in Epistolam Apostoli Pauli ad Romanos,
Edin.. 1651, 12mo.
"A small but very excellent work, in which the argument and
meanint; of the apostle ai-e very accurately unfolded." — Orme's
Bill. Bih.
Fcrmor,\Vm. Cow-pox and small-pox, Lon.,1800,8TO.
Fern, Or. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1698.
Fern, Fanny. See Parton, Mrs. Sauah P.
Fern, Robert. Funl. serm.. Lon.. 1710, 8vo.
Fern, Thomas. Cure for the King's Evil, Lon., 4to.
Fernandez, Eleonora. The Economy of the Hu-
man Mind, Lon.. 8vo.
Feme, Henry, D.D.. 1602-1661, a native of York,
educated at .St. Mary Hall. Oxf., and Trin. Coll., Camb.
He became Archdeacon of Leicester, Dean of Ely, Master
of Trin. Coll., Camb., and Vice-Chanceller. and in 1661
Bishop of Chester. He pub. four tracts against the Re-
bellion, 1642, '43, two serms., 1644-49. and five treatises
in defence of the Ch. of Eng. against Romanism and Pres-
byterianism, 1647-60. His tract. On Submission to tho
Church, will be found in Tracts Angl. Fathers, iii. 11.
Feme, Sir JoIin,d. aboutlOlO, an eminent antiquary,
father of the iireceding. was educated at Oxford, whence
he went to the Middle Temple. The Blazon of Gentrie:
deuidcd into two Parts. The first named The Glorio of
Generositiej the second, Lacy's Nobilitie, Lon., 1586, 4to.
According to Dallaway, this was the most complete epi-
tome then extant.
Feme, or Fern, Robert. Scrms., Lon., 1721, Svo.
Feme, AV'm. Tract on Adam's sin, rel. to a Letter
to C. lieatty. ami Remarks by Vifm. Ferguson, Lon., 12mo.
Fcmehoush, Wm,, Vicar of Aspatria. 1. Trent-
ham Park ; a I'oom. Lon.. 1789, 4to. 2. Poems, 1814, 8vo.
Fernei, Jolin. Christian Reconciler. 1801, ]2mo.
Fernie, John. 1. Hist, of the Town and Parish of
Dunfermline; Dunfcrm., 1815, Svo. 2. Serms., 1SI8, Svo.
FER
FER
Feroii, John. Farriery. Lue., 1803. 4to; 1809, 8vo.
Ferrall, Denis. Book-Kceping, Dubl., 8vo.
Ferrall, S. A. Under this name appeared Nos. 1 and
3 of the works nf O'Fkrhall, Simon A., q.v, ;
Ferrar, John. 1. Hist, of Limerick, Liin., 17S7, 8vo. :
2. Tour from I)ul)Iin to Loudon in 17'J5, Dubl. 1796, 8vo.
3. View of Anc and Mod. Dublin, 1796, 8vo. |
Ferrar, Nicholas, I592-1H37, one of the most ex- ;
cellent of men, in great reputation for learning and piety,
a native nf London, was educated at Claro Hall, Cam-
bridge. He acted for some time as secretary to tbc Vir- |
ginia Company, and in 1624 was chosen member of Par- i
liament. In the last-mentioned year he purchased the ,
lordship of Little Gidding, in the county of Huntingdon, '
where, with his mother, sister, and other relations — he
never married — to the number of forty pcr.'^ons, be esta- ^
blished what has often been called The English Nunnery, i
More properly speaking, the community of Little Gidding
worshipped God after the strict model of ancient devotion, i
In the words of Bishop Home,
"The pious Mr. Nicholiis Ferrar exhibited in the last century !
an instance of a Protestant family in which a constant course of |
Psalmody was appointed, and so strictly kept up. that, through j
the whole four and twenty hours of day and night, there was no
portion of time when some of the members were not employed in '
the pevformintr that most pleasant part of duty and devotion." —
Qiminent on CXXXIV. Psalm. \
This excellent family did not only " show piety at home," j
but were the nurses, the counsellors, the bodily and spiri- |
tual physicians, of the whole neighbourhood. Whether i
the community of Little Gidding had too much piety or
not, it less becomes the reader tt) inquire, than whether i
he himself have enough ! If the banqueting hall of j
Lucullus were more frequently converted into the oratory I
of Little Gidding, it would be difficult to show that society ,
or the world would be the loser.
We would fain linger on this pleasing theme, but must
refer the reader to Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas ,
Ferrar, by the Rev. P. Peckard, D.D., Camb., 1790, 8vo. ; \
abridged, Lou., 1S52, fp. 8vo; to Chalmers's Biog. Diet., '
and to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Nicholas Ferrar pub., with-
out his name, a trans, of the 110 Considerations brought
out of Italy by Vergerius, Ac, Oxf.. 1638. j
Ferrar, Robert, Bishop of St. David's, 1548, burned,
1555, was an ancestor of the preceding. Bishop Burnet
says he was one of the committee nominated to compile !
the English liturgy, but his name does not appear among
those who prepared the new liturgy in 1547. Probably '
Burnet refers to the correction of the liturgy in 1540. \
Ferrar's name appears as one of the signers to the confes- |
sion of faith. May 8, 1554. See Foxe's Acts and Monu-
ments, Athen. Oxon.
Ferrarius, James Alex. Euclides Catholicus, Lon.,
1673, 4to ; Oxon., 1680, 8vo. In English, by J. D., Lon.,
1673, Svn. See Athen. Oxon.
Ferrebee, Michael. Serm., Lon., 1732, 4to.
Ferrerius, Johannes. See Fehriek, John.
Ferrers, Edward, is raentiuned by Wood as the
author (died 1564) of several Tragedies, Comedies, and
Interludes, but Wood quotes from Puttenham, who calls
George Ferrers, Edward Ferrers. It is therefore very
doubtful whether Edward Ferrers, who was of a War-
wickshire family, is entitled to be ranked among authors.
See Bliss's notes in his ed. of Athen. Oxon., i. 340, 445.
Ferrers, George, 1512?-1579, a lawyer, historian,
and poet, a native of a village near St. Alban's, Hertford-
shire, after receiving his education at Oxford, removed to
Lincoln's Inn, where he rose to great distinction. He trans.
Magna Charta into Latin and English, and the Laws
enacted temp. Henry III. and Edw. I. into English, and
wrote six of the poetical chronicles in the Mirror for Magis-
trates:—!. The Fall of Robert Tresilian. 2. The Tragedy
of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. 3. The
Tragedy of Richard II. 4. The Story of Dame Eleanor
Cobham. 5. The Story of Humphrey Plantagenet, Duke
of Gloucester. 6. The Tragedy of Edward, Duke of Somer-
set. We have already had occasion to notice this grand
old work. The Mirror for Magistrates. See Baldwin, Wil-
liam ; Dorset, Thomas Sackville, Eahl OF ; and autho-
rities cited under former name. Ferrers seems to have
been accomplished in the manners of the day, and sus-
tained the office of Lord of Misrule with great credit.
"George Ferrers, gentleman of Liocolns-inn, beint; lord of all the
disportes all the 12 days of Christmas, anno MDLIII., at Green-
wich: also fo plt-nsantly and wisely behaved himself, that the
king bad gre.it ilelight in his pasty nies."—.S/')ifc's C/iroH.,p. 632.
"Being of IjettfT credit and estimation than fODimonlie his pre-
decessors had beenc before, he received all his commissions and
warrants by the name of the Maisteb of lUJi Kl^■o's PASiiMEa." —
H'dinsh'd'i C'iron., iii.. p. 1067 : col. ii. 10. See Warton's HUt. of
Kuf];. I'oetry ; liiog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Brydges's PhilUps'sTheii-
trum Put'taram.
Ferrers, Henry, 1579-1663, of the same family as
the preceding, educated at Oxford, made collections used
by Dugdale in his Antiiiuities of Norwichshire. Sumo of
his poetical pieces were pub., and he left some MS. compo-
sitions. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. He left behind
him the character of
" A well-bred gent., a good neighbour, and an honest man." —
Athen. Oxon.
Ferrers, Richard. The Worth of Woman; a Poem,
Lon., 1622. 8vo.
Ferrerz, George. See Ferrers.
F'errey, Benjamin. Hist, of the Priory of Christ
Church, Hampshire, Lon.. 1S34, 4to, and imp. 4to. This
magniticent edifice is suppo.=ed to be coeval with Rufus.
Ferriar, John, M.D., 1764-1S15, a native of Chester,
physician to the Manchester Infirmary, possessed great
literary taste, and was an excellent critic. 1. The Prince
of Angola; a Trag., altered from the Play of Oronooko;
Lon., 1788, 8vo. 2. Medical Histories and Keflections,
1792-8, 3 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1810, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. Illus-
trations of Sterne, with other Essays, Manehes., 1799, 8vo ;
Lon., 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Sterne is proved to have pillaged
largely from Burton, Hall, and the old French novelists.
Ferriar gives a Biographical and Critical account of the
** Shandy Library."
" If Vie propose to look closely into the style of composition which
Sternf tliought proper to adopt, we find a sure guide in the inge-
nious Dr. Ferriar, who. with the nioBt singular patience, has traced
oin* author through the hidden sources whence he borrowed most
of his striking and peculiar expressions." — Sir W. Scott.
4. Foxglove, Manehes., 1799. 12mo. 5. Bibliomania;
an Epistle to Richard llcber, Esq., Lon., 1809, 8vo ; and
in the 2d ed. of the Illustrations of Sterne, &c.
" I will not. however, disguise to you that I read it with uniform
delight, aud that I rose from the perusal with a keen appetite for
'The S'Uiall, rare volume, black wiih tarnished gold.'"
Z>ibdin's Bibliftmaniu, ed. ISll, p. 3.
Of Dr. Ferriar's bibliomania, and of the disease itself,
we have had something to say in our article, Dibbin,
Thomas Frognall, q. v.
6. Ad Essay towards a Theory of Apparitions, 1813, 8vo.
Highly commended. 7. Case of Hydrophobia; in Med.
Facts, 1791.
Ferriby, John. Short Discourse rel. to Preachers,
Lon., 1653.
Ferrier, James, Prof, of Moral Philosophy and
Political Economy, St. Andrew's, son-in-law of the late
Professor John Wilson. 1. Institutes of Metaphysics, the
Theory of knowingand being, Edin. and Lon., 1854, p. 8vo.
"This is no ordinary book. If we mistake not, its publication
■will mark an epoch in the history of speculation in this country.
The author is familiar with what has been done in this field by an-
cients and moderns; and hisacutenessand independence of think-
ing are as conspicuous us his learning. The author himself knows
that his case so stands, and he does not affect to conceal from you
the fact of his knowing it. . . . We have said enough, we hope,
concerning Mr. Ferriei's book, to commend it effectually to such
of our readers as are wont to be interested in publications of this
nature."— iJrt((i/* Qiiar. Rev.
"Both among the details which command our assent, and in
examining the leading principle from which we have so widely
differed, we meet an indepfudent devotion to speculations that
we love, as rare as it is refreshing in these degenerate days^. When
we turn from these pages to the dull wildernL'ss of i nmuioiii.iace
which spreads over most ofthe literature that now c-ill^ it^.-lliiliild-
sophic^il, we remember the inclination of the philosoiihir limniin : —
Kerabe undo cum PUdone, quam cum isti.^ vera sentur." — North
Brit. Bev.
2. The Works of Prof. John Wilson, edited by Prof.
Ferrier, 12 vols. 12mo: i., ii.. 1855; iii.-vi., 1856; vii.-x.,
1857; xi., xii.. 1858.
Ferrier, John. Historia Monasterii, a Kenlos Ordi-
nis Cisterciensis in Scotia, <tc., scripta anno 1537, Mart,
et Dur. Coll.. vi. 319.
Ferrier, Miss Mary, d. 1855, was the daughter of
James Ferrier. of Edinburgh, one of Walter Scott's "breth-
ren of the clerk's tabic." ' She was the authoress of three
excellent novels, in three vols, each, viz. : 1. The Marriage,
1818. 2. The Inheritance, 1824. 3. Destiny; or. The
Chiefs Daughter, 1831. All repub. in Bentley's Standard
Novels, vols! Ixxxiii., Ixxsiv., Ixxxv. In the conclusion to
The Legend of Montrose, Scott pays the following high
compliment to Miss Ferrier:
"I retire from the field, conscious there remains behind notonly
a lai'ge harvest, but labourers capable of gathering it in. More than
one writer has already dispLiyrd talents of this description ; and if
the present author, himself a phantom, may be permitted to dis-
tinguish a brother, or perhaps a si.^ter, shadow, he would mention
in particulartheauthor of the very lively work entitled "Marriage."'
The reader will find several notices of Miss Ferrier in
FER
Lockhart's Life of Scott. She was a favourite guest at
Abbotsforii, and her society tended to cheer the nielnn-
oholy hours which clouded the last months of the life of
the great novelist. Sir Walter describes Mi.ss Ferrier as
" A gifted personage, h.aTing, besides biT great talents, c-onvei-
sation the least exiijmnte of any author, female at least, whom ho
had ever seen among the long list he had encountered: simple,
full of humour, and exceedingly ready at repartee; and all this
without the least alTectafion of the blue-stocking."
" Edgeworth, Ferrier, Austen, have all given portraits of real
society far superior to any thing man— vain man— has produced
of the like nature."
" To a warm heart, a lively fency, and great powers of discrimi-
nation, .Miss Ferrier has added variety of knowledge, and a graphic
art of descriliing all she sees and .ill she feels, which give her a
distinguished pl.ice among the novt-lists of the d.ay." — .l//(ia Van-
ninijham's Biog. and Crit. nisi, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
Ferrier, Robert. Testimony of the King of Mar-
tyrs, Job xvii. .36, 37, by J. Glass, with Pref. by R. F.,
Edin., 1747, Svo.
Ferrier, W. Two Discourses, Paisley, 1798, 1801.
Ferris, Benjamin. A History of the Original
Settlements on the I>claware from its Discovery by Hud-
sou to the Colonization under William Penu, Wilmington,
Del., 1846, 8vo.
Ferris, Benj. G., late Secretary of Utah Territory.
Utah and the Mormons, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
Ferris, James. 1. Strictures on the Eng. Constitu-
tion, Lon., 1806, Svo. 2. Union with Ireland.
Ferris, Richard. Adventures of himself and others
in a row in a wherry-bo.at, ic, Lon., 1590, 4to.
Ferris, Samuel, M.D. 1. Disputatio de Sanguinis,
Ac, Edin., 1784, Svo. 2. Coll. of Physic, Lon., 1795, Svo.
3. Con. to Med. Facts, 1791.
Ferris, Sarah. Mental Perceptions, 1807, 12mo.
Ferry. Relation of Sir Thos. Roe's Voy. to B. India.
See Valli's Travels, p. 325, 1665.
Ferryman, R. 1. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds in his
Museum, Brist, 1789, Svo. 2. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds
in the Brit. Zoiil. Mus., Lon., 1795, Svo.
Fessenden, Thomas, d. 1813, aged 74, minister of
Walpulc, New Hampshire. 1. Science of Sanctity, 1804,
Svo. 2. The Boston self-styled Gentleman Reviewers Re-
viewed, 1806.
Fessenden, Thomas Green, 1771-1837, anative of
Walpole, New Hampshire, and a son of the above. 1. Ter-
rible Tracturatiun; a Poem, by Christopher Caustic, 1S03,
Svo. Anon. This is a defence of the Metallic Tractors of
Perkins. 2. Orig. Poems, 1804, 12mo. 3. The Minute Philo-
sopher, 1806. This is an enlargement of No. 1. A third
ed. was pub. tow.ards the close of his life. 4. Democracy
Unveiled, 1806, 12mo. 5. American Clerk's Companion,
1815. 6. Law of Patents for New Inventions, 2d ed.,
1822, Svo. Severely criticized and condemned in N. Amer.
Rev., xvi. 199. Mr. F. wrote many Essays on Agriculture,
and was editor of the N. England Farmer, The Horticul-
tural Register, The Silk JIanual, The Reporter, The In-
telligencer, and The Monitor. An interesting account of
him will be found in E. A. and 6. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of
Amer. Lit.
Festeau, Paul. Fr. and Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1675,
Svo.
Festing, Michael. Serms., Lon., 1757, '59.
Fetherstone, Rev. Christopher. Dialogue against
Dauncing, Lon., 1582, 8vo: trans., and other works, 1584-87.
Fettiplace, Thomas. 1. The Celesti.al Lampe, Lon.,
1637, 24nio. 2. The Sinner's Tears, 1688, 12mo.
Feuillerade, Peter, Rector of Bygrave. Serm.,
1777, 4to.
Fewterer, John. The Myrrour, or Glasse of Christe's
Passion, 1634, fol. Trans, into English at the desire of
Lord Hussey.
Feylde, Thomas. A lylel Treatyse called the Co-
trauersc bytwcno a Loner and a Jaye, Lon., by W. de
Worde, 4to. This rare ])oem, in six lines stanzas, was sold
for £39 in the Roxburghe sale, 3274. 2. The Coplaynte
of a Loner's Lyfe, Lon., by Wynkyn de Worde, 4to ; Rox-
burghe, 3283, 68«. New ed., Lon., 1818, 4to. Presented
to the members of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. T. F.
Dibdin, D.D. 30 copies, and one upon vellum. Sykes,
£7. _ Dent, £3 Is.
Fidalgo, S. A Lecture of Moving Figures, Lon.,
1768, Svo. A political pamphlet.
Fiddes, Richard, D.D., 1671-1725, a native of Ilum-
manby, near Scarborough, was educated at Oxford, and
became Rector of Halsham about 1694. Having lost the
power of free utterance, he devoted himself to authorship.
1. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1718-20, 2 vols. fol. This
was well received, but now seems neglected. 2. 46 Prac-
FIE
tical discour.ses, 171.3-15, 3 vols. Svo. Dr. Waterland com-
mends them in his Advice to a Student. 3. 52 Practical
Discourses, 1720, '28, fol. i. Life of Cardinal Wolsey,
1724, '26, fol.; 1742, 4 vols. Svo.
"In-. Kiddcs vilifies the Hef.jjmation, depreciates the instrn-
ments of it. and palliates the ahsurdities of the Romish Church "
— Dii. Kmobt: Life r,f Erasmus.
There is but little vivacity in Fiddes's biography. R&.
specting the Life of Wolsey, see Cave.vuish, Georoe
5. Treatise of Morality, 1726, Svo. Fiddes also pub. an
answer to an attack upon his Life of Wolsey, and some
minor pieces.
Fiddler, Rev. Isaac. Observations on Professions,
Literature, Manners, and Emigration, in the United States
and Canada, made during a residence there in 1832 Lon
1833, ]2mo, pp. 434. ''
*' This is another precious specimen nf the class of books with
which .John Bull is now legulajlv hunilnigijed three or four times
a year, under the name of iilis.rvalinns on the state of society,
manners, and literature, in tln' United States,"— Alexander H.
Everett: N. Amer. Hev., ixxvii. 273. Ue:id this witty article, by
an "eunnent hand."
Fidel, Theop. Interesting Dialogue between the
Parson and the Farmer, Lon., 1806, Svo.
Fidell, Thomas. A Perfect Guide for a studious
Young Lawyer; being Free, for Conveyancing, 1654, 4to;
1658, Svo.
Fidge, Wm. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1764.
Field, Baron. 1. Analysis of Blackstone's Comment.,
Lon., 1811, Svo; 3d ed., 1821, Svo; N. York, 1822, Svo.
2. Hints to Witnesses, Lon., 1815, Svo. 3. Geographical
Memoirs of N. South Wales, by various Hands, 1825, Svo.
See an article on the Australian Colonies, with notices of
Wentworth's, Carr's, and Field's works, in the London
Quarterly Review, xxxii, 311.
Field, Chester. Scripture Illustrated by interesting
Facts, edited by Rev. John Todd, D.D., Lon., 1850, ISmo.
Field, Edwin W. Observ. of a Solicitor on the
Equity Courts, Lon., 1840, Svo.
" A very able and wcll-writton pamphlet." — 4 Jurist, 113.
Field, Frederick. Serm., Camb., 1834, Svo.
Field, George, 1777-1854. I.Brit. School of Modern
Artists, Lon., 1802, Svo. 2. Chromatics, or Harmony
of Colours; new ed., 1845, Svo. 3. Outlines of Analytical
Philosophy, 1839,2 vols. Svo. 4. Tritogonia: a Synopsis
of Universal Hist. ; 3d ed., 1846, Svo. Other works.
Field, Henry. Con. to Mem. Med.. 1799, 1805.
Field, Rev. Henry M. The Irish Confederates, and
the Rebellion of 1798, N. York, 1851, 12mo.
"A personal and political historv, which has about it all the
charm of romance."— r/ie Irish Amiriean.
Field, Rev. James, of Antigu.a. Account of two
cases of Wounds in the Stomach, Phil. Trsins., 1752. Cured.
Field, John. Theolog. trans, and treatises, 1578-SS.
Field, John. 1. Treatise on Prison Discipline, Lon.,
1846, Svo. New ed., 1848, 2 voLs. Svo. 2. Life of John
Howard, Lon., 1850, Svo. 3. Corresp. of John Howard,
1855, fp. Svo.
Field, John. Posthumous Extracts from the Veteri-
nary Records of the late John Field, edited by his brother,
Wm. Field, Veterinary Surgeon, Lon., 1843, Svo.
Field, i>Iartin, d. 1833, aged 60, of Fayetteville, Ver-
mont, pub. treatises on mineralogy and natural history.
Field, Matthew. See Feilde.
Field, Matthew C, d. 1844. aged 32, whilst on a
voyage from New llrleans to Boston, for the benefit of bis
health. He contributed many poetical and other articles
to the Southern journiils, under the signature of Phazma.
Field, Nathaniel, a dramatic author, temp. James I.
and Charles I., is supposed to be the .same Field who acted
upon the stage. 1. A Woman's a ^^'cathercock ; a Com.,
Lon., 1612, 4to. 2. Amends for Ladies; a Com., 1639, 4to.
3. In conjunction with Massinger, The Fatal Dowry; a
Trag., 1632, 4to.
"A very good play." — Biog. Dramat.
Field, Nathaniel, Rector of Stourton, Wilts, a son
of Richard Field, D.D., author of the work entitled, Of the
Church, pub. Memorials concerning the Life of Dr. Richard
Field, with a Pref. by John Le Neve, Lon., 1716.
Field, Richard, D.D., 1561-1616, a native of Hamp-
sted, Hertfordshire, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.; Di-
vinity Reader to Lincoln's Inn, 1594; Rector of Burghclere,
Hampshire, and Preb. of Windsor; Dean of Gloucester,
1610. He was in great reputation for learning, piety, and
public usefulness. His great work, entitled, Of the Church,
was first pub. in 1606, finir books, 1 vol. fob; 5th book,
with an Appendix, 1610, fob; new ed. of the whole, Oxf.,
162S, 1 vol. fol. ; again, with an Appendix and Defence,
1635, fol. New ed., Camb., 1847-52, 4 vols. Svo, 42».;
FIE
n^ain, 1S53, 4 vols. 8vo. See Tracts of the Angl. Fathers,
iii. 73.
AVhen Dr. Kettle endeavoured to persuade Dr. Field not
to write this work, telling him that it would embroil him
in controversy, he answered:
" I will so write that they shall have no great mind to answer
me."
King James I. delighted to converse with Field on mat-
ters of divinity; and when he first preached before him,
he said:
"Is his name Field? This is the Field for God to dwell in!"
When he heard of his death, he exchumed :
"I should have done nmre for that man."
"He was in his time esteemed a principitl maintainer of Protes-
tanoy, a powerful preacher, a profound schoolman, exact dispu-
tant, and so admirable well knowing in the controversies between
the Protestants and Papists, that few or none went beyond him
in his time. He had a threat memory, and any lionk which he read
he was able to carry away the substance of it in his memonr', and
to give an account of all the material passages therein."— .4i/(£n.
Ox(tn,
" That learned divine, whose memory smelleth like a Field wbicn
the Lord hath blessed."— Fuller.
"This one volume, thoioughly understood and appropriated,
will place you in the highest rank of doctrinal Churcb-of-Enpland
divines, and in no mean rank as a true doctrinal Church historian."
— Saml-el Taylor Coleridge: LitUr to Ins son, the Kev. Dei-iveM
OAeridr/e. „ , ., ,.
*' Field on the Church has been much praised by Colend!:;e. It
is. as it seemi-d to me. a more temperate? work in ecclesiastical
theory than some have represented it to 1k'. and written almost
wholly atrainst Rome." — ITaUani's Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
Dr. Field pub. a serm., 1604, 4to, and had in course of
preparation a work entitled, A View of the Controversies
in Religion, Ac. The Pref. to this unfinished work will
be found in his son's Life of him. See Field, Nathaniel,
and see Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., ii. 81.
Field, Kichard Stockton, b. 1803, at Whitehill, N.
Jersey. 1. The Provincial Courts of New Jersey, &.C., N.Y.,
1849, Svo. 2. Address before the Surviving Members of
the Convention to form a Constitution for N. Jersey in
1S44, Svo, 1863. 3. Address on the Power of Habit, 185-3.
4. Contributions to Collections N. Jersey Hist. Soc, &c.
Field, Theop., Bishop of St. David's. Serm., Lon.,
1624, 8vo.
Field, Rev. W. Use of the Globes, 1811, 12mo.
Field, Rev, W, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and
Opinions, of the Kev. Samuel Parr, LL.D., Lon., 1828, 2
vols. Svo. This interesting work contains anecdotes of
many of the literary characters of the early part of the 19th
oentury.
Field, Wm. 1. Letter rel. to Dissenters. 1791. Svo.
2. Second do., 1791, Svo. 3. Pract. Ct. K. Bench in Per-
sonal Actions, 3 pts., 1798.
Field, Wm. See Field, John.
Fielder, John, Petition to Pari., 1651, 4to.
Fielder, Richard. Petition of the Waggoners, fol.
Fielding, Charles George, son of the Earl of
Derby. The Brothers; an Eclogue, Lon., 1781, Svo.
Fielding, George, Surgical Cases, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Fielding, Henry, 1707-1754, a son of Lieutenant-
General Fielding, and great-grandson of William, third Earl
of Denbigh, was born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire, on
the 22d of April. After prosecuting his classical studies at
Eton, he went to the LTniversity of Leyden, where, for two
FIE
He returned to London, determined to put into profit-
able exercise that knowledge of the law which he had ac-
quired in happier days. There is every reason — excepting
an apprehension of the return of convivial habits — to sup-
pose that he would have succeeded in the arduous vocation
which he had embraced with great zeal, had it not been for
violent and repeated attacks of the gout, which forbade his
attendance on the circuits. He therefore again .nought and
obtained literary employment, and we soon find him as-
sistant editor of The Champion, a periodical paper, and
author of the essays On Conven^ation, On the Knowledge
of the Characters of Men, and the Journey from this World
to the Next. At this time also he produced some poetical
compositions, which do not seem to have possessed any un-
common merit. We should not omit to mention, as a proof
of his diligence whilst yet engaged in legal pursuits, that
he prepared a voluminous Digest of the Statutes at Large,
in two folio volumes, which remained unpublished in the
hands of his brother. Sir John Fielding, his successor in
the post of Middlesex magistrate. He now gave to the
world a curious satire, entitled The History of Jonathan
Wild the Great, which has received the rather dubious
compliment of being
" Perhaps the most ingeniously-arranged description of a tissue
of blackj^uardisms which has ever been given to the world."
In 1742 appeared the novel of Joseph Andrews; in 1749
he pub. Tom Jones; and two years later gratified his large
circle of admirers by the novel of Amelia, which he sold
for £1000.
In Amelia, the author drew a picture of his wife, to whom
he was sincerely attached, and whose death he was culled
upon to mourn whilst struggling amidst pecuniary embar-
rassments. The mourner, however, did not absolutely re-
fuse consolation.
" His bio}j; raphe rs seem to have been shy of disclosing that, after
the death of this charming; woman, he married her maid. And
yet the act was not so discreditable to bis character as it may sound.
The maid had few personal charms, but was an excellent creature,
devotedly attached to her mistress, and almost broken-hearted for
her loss." In the first agonies of hi.s own grief, whiih approached
to frenzy, he found no relief but from weeping along with her;
nor solace, when a decree calmer, but in talking of the angel tbey
mutually regretted. This made her his habitual confidential asso-
ciate, and in process of time he began to think he could not give
his children a tenderer mother, or secure fur himself a moi-e faith-
ful housekeeper and nuise. At least this was what he told his
friends; and it is certain that her conduct as his wife confirmed it,
and fullv justified his good opinion." — LdUrs and Warks of Lmli/
Mary Worthy Montagu. Edited by Lord Wharnclijfe. Introduc.
Anecdolt;s.
In 1745 Fielding supported the government in The True
Patriot, and in 174S conducted a periodical of the same
character, entitled The Jacobite's Journal. When 43 years
of age, he received the appointment of a Justice of the
Peace for the county of Middlesex, and retained this post
until within a short time of his death. He seems, from his
knowledge both of law and criminal character, to have
been admirably adapted to this troublesome oflace, and
evinced a laudable zeal for the public interest by publish-
ing An Inquiry into the causes of the late increase of Rob-
bers, 1751, and a Proposal for making an Effectual Pro-
vision for the Poor, for amending their Morals, and for
rendering them useful Members of Society, 1753.
''These tracts, having been written by the most eminent of Eng-
lish novelists, have attracted fully as much attention as they were
entitled to on account of their intrinsic merits. The first, how-
years, he devoted himself to the investigation of civil law,
The straitened circumstances of General Fielding placed I ever, is written with great force, and contains various statements
TT • iT ■ ■*■ I • r 11 ™ * 1 »^ ' and reasonmtrs that throw a great deal of light on the causes of
Henry m a mortifying position among his fellow-students, ^^j^^ ^^^ pauperism, and on the stite of the London poor at the
and before the termination of his 2lst year he returned to
London, and became a writer for the stage. His Comedy of
Love in several Masques appeared in the same year — 1727
^in which he returnefd to England, and notwithstanding
the little encouragement which the author received, he
produced a long list of plays, of which even the names are
now unknown to the majority of readers. In 1734 Field-
ing fell deeply in love with a celebrated beauty, Miss
Charlotte Cradock, possessed of many accomplishments,
and £1500. An immediate union was the result of this
acquaintance, and the groom at this time coming into pos-
session of about £200 per annum by the death of his
mother, the young couple retired to their estate in the
country.
Hero they might have lived in comfort and respectability ;
but these substantial blessings by no means satisfied the
ambition of a gay cavalier, who aspired to a splendid esta-
blishment and a crowd of boon companions. A host of
time. But, like most other writers on the same suliject. Fielding
has ascribed tar too much to legislative and police arrangements,
and too little to the care and discretion of individuals." — McC'ul-
Ifjcli's Lit. of Ihlit. Econ.
The last service he rendered to the public in his official
capacity was the extirpation — by the approbation of go-
vernment, who placed a fund of £600 at his disposal for
the purpose— of several gangs of thieves and highwaymen
who grievously afflicted the good citizens of London. Al-
though now in a wretched state of health, he contrived for
a twelvemonth to edit with great ability a new semi-weekly
periodical, entitled The Covent-Gardeu Journal, which be-
came a great favourite with the public. In 1754 he sailed
for Lisbon for the benefit of his health, and died October S,
two months after his arrival, in the 4Sth year of his age.
His Journal of his Voyage was pub. in 1755, 12mo. We
have already stated that Fielding never enjoyed much
popularity as a writer for the stage.
While it must be acknowledged that Fielding's genius was not
. , i_ 1 J : 11 * iii.v 1 ' " While it must be acknowledged that Fieldmg's genius was not
servants, horses, hounds, and an open table to all the rakes j^^idedly dramatic, it was something that he escaped disapprobar
who chose to live upon his bounty, reduced Fielding to tion, though he was at times received with indifference."— ifoscoe's
poverty; in three years bis coffers were exhausted, his ' Life of Pidding.
constitution shattered, and his summer friends on the] The dates of his dramatic works we take from the Biog.
wing to more promising pastures. i Dramat. : 1. Love in several Masksj a Com., 1728, 2. The
PIE
FIE
Temple Beau; a Com., 1730. 3. The Author's Farce, 1730.
4. The Coffee-IIouse Politifian ; a Com., 1730. 5. The Tra-
gedy of Tragedies, 1731. 6. The Letter Writers; a Farce,
1731. 7. The Grub Street Opera, 1731. 8. The Lottery,
a Farce. 1731. 9. The Modern Husband; a Com., 1732.
10. The Mock Doctor; a Com. from Moliere, 1732. 11. The
Covent-Garden Tragedy; a Farce, 1732. 12. The Debau-
chees ; a Com., 1733. 13. The Miser; a Com. from Plautus
and Moliere, 1733. 14. The Intriguing Chambermaid; a
Com., 1734. 15. Don Quixote in England; a Com., 1733.
16. An Old Man taught Wi.sdom ; a Farce, 1734. 17. The
Universal Gallant; a Com., 1735. IS. Pasquin ; Dram.
Satire, 1736. 19. The Hi.«torical Register for the Year
1736; a Com., [1737.] 20. Eurydice; a Farce. 1735.
21. Eurydice Hissed; a Farce, 1737. 22. Tumble-Down
Dick; Dram. Enlert., 1737. 23. Miss Lucy in Town ; a
Farce, 1742. 24. The Wedding Day; a Com., 1743.
25. The Fathers; or the Good-Natured Man; a Com.,
1778, 8vo.
" His dramatic pieces, every one of which is comic, are far fi-om
being couteaiptible. His farces and ballad pieces, more especially,
have a spri^htliness of manner, and a forcjbleness of character,
by which it is impossible to avoid being agreejtbly entertained;
and in those among others which he has in any degree borrowed
from Moliere, or any other writer, he has done his original great
honour and justice, by the manner in which he has handled the
subject." — Biog. Dramat.
In addition to the works already noticed, Fielding pub.
BBveral minor pieces upon topics of a temporary character.
Of his works there l)avu been many edits. 1. Works, with
the Life of the Author, 1762, 4 vols. 4to. 2. 1762, 8 vols.
8vo. 3. 1766, 12 vcd.s. 4. 1767, 4 vols. 4to. 5. 1771, S
vols. 8vo. 6. 1775, 12vols. 12mo. 7. 17S3, 12 vols. 12mo.
8. With an Essay on his Life and Genius, by Arthur Mur-
phy, 1784, 10 vols. 8vo. 9. 1806, TO vols. sVo. 10. 1808,
14 vols. 12mo. 11, Select Works, 1818, 6 vols. 8vo.
12. Works, edited by Alex. Ch.almers, Lon., 1821, 10 vols.
8vo. 13. With Life and Notice of his Works, by Thomas
Roscoe, 1S40, imp. 8vo. 14. 1843, med. 8vo. 15. 1848,
med. 8vo. 16. 1851, imp. 8vo, and in 2 vols. 8vo.
We now proceed to adduce the opinions of a host of
eminent authorities respecting those works — his three no-
vels— by which Fielding achieved so general and so durable
a reputation. As a great artist, indeed, e.tquisitely happy
in catching and transferring to his canvas those features
of human nature which must always interest, because im-
mediately recoguised as genuine by men of all ages and
minds of all grades. Fielding hiis never been surpassed.
How deeply then is it to bo lamented, that, lacking a high
sense of moral responsibility, he delighted chiefly in paint-
ing the least refined, least elevated characteristics of his
species, and permitted himself to stimulate the passions to
the excesses of vice, insteiid of causing those "passions to
move at the command of virtue" ! There arc never want-
ing apologists, indeed, for greater transgressors than Henry
Fielding ; and Coleridge, whose language we shall presently
quote, would have considered the above an uncharitable
verdict. But it is not to be questioned that there are many
passages in Joseph Andrews, Amelia, and Tom Jones,
which a licentious taste would gladly extend for the same
reasons that would induce a moral censorship to have them
totally expunged. But we must not delay our promised
citation of opinions.
Those who are inclined to think us too rigid in this judg-
ment, should remember Fielding's own self-condemnatory
verdict upon liis early dramatic writings :
"At length, repenting frolic flights of youth.
Once more he flics to Nature and to 'Truth:
In virtue's just defence aspires to Cinie,
Nor courts applause with the applauder's shame."
Prologuf- to The Mrjfkrn IftisbaTid.
Alas, that his repentance should have been as "the
morning cloud and the early dew"!
1. The Adventures of Joseph Andrews, published in 1742.
This work, Dr. Warton informs ns, was " valued by Field-
ing above all his writings." The Doctor adds, "as he
justly may."— WooU'a Life of Warlnn. But wo imagine
that few will coincide with this judgment. Fielding him-
self tells us that it was intended for an imitation of the
style and manner of Cervantes.
" How delightfully he has copied the humour, the gravity, and
the floe ridicule of his master, they can witness who are acquainted
with both writers." — Arthur Mcbpuy.
Both Chalmers and Warton dissent from this opinion,
and consider " Fielding's ridicule of a very different species
from that of the Spanish novelist." But Dr. Aikin also
refers to "the grave Cervnntic style, adopted in the novel
of Joseph Andrews." However this may be, there is no
doubt at all that Fieldinsr intended to ridicule the "senti-
692
mentalism," as it is generally denominated, of the great
novelist of the day — Samuel Richardson.
*' While, however, it is highly probatjle that he had Cervantes in
hiseye, it is certain that the satiiictud burlesque portion of Joseph
Audrt-ws was suggested to him by the perus;il of Itichardson's
I'auK-la. on the overwi-ought refinement and strained sentiment
of which it affords a humorous commentary in the adventures of
her pioli?ssed brother, the hero. Besides its inti-insic wit and ex-
cellence, it has thus a twofold attraction in the comic and bur-
lesque spirit it maintains throughout, in the sjioie way as the ad-
ventures of the Spanish knight and his .squire, however ludicrous
in themselves, are relished with a doul'le zest from the contrast
they ofter to the dignified bearing and marvellous deeds of the old
Paladins. IIow exquisitely Fielding has caught the humour, as-
sumed gravity, and delicate satire of his prototype, they who have
compared the two master-pieces will readily admit; and that he
loses nothing in pnint of originality." — TuoMAS IloscoK: Life and
W"rks tif Henry FmhUng.
The elder novelist was greatly offended at what he very
naturally considered an unwarrantable liberty.
"Uichardson was exceedingly hurt at this; the more so as they
had been on good terms.aud he was very intimate with Fielding's
two sisters. He never appears cordially to have forgiven it, (pei^
haps it was not in human nature he should. land healwavs speaks
in his letters with a great deal of aspeiity of 'Tom .loiies.' more
indeed than was quite graceful in a rival author. No doubt he
himself tbnu'-'ht his indignation was soi-ely excited by the loose
morality of tile work and of its author, but he could tolerate Cib-
ber.''— Mas. Bard.iuld: Minoir of fWdmr/. prefixed to his Onrc-
SpimdencF,
Mr. Thackeray appends the above to an apology for what
we must consider indefensible.
" Fielding, no doubt, began to write this novel in ridicule of
Pamela, for which work one can understand the hearty contempt
and antipathy which such an athletic and boisterous genius as
Fielding's must have entertained. He could not do otherwise than
laugh at the puny cockney bookseller, pouring out endless volumes
of sentimental twaddle, and hold him up to scorn as a moll-coddle
and a milksop. His genius had been nursed on sack-posset, and
not on dishes of tea. ///s muse had sung the loudest in tavern
choruses; had seen the daylight streaming in over thousands of
emptied bowls, and reeled home to chambers on the shoulders of
the watchmen. Itichardson's goddess was attended by old maids
and dowagers, and fed ou muffins and bohea. 'Milksop!' roars
Harry Fielding, clattering at the timid shop-shutters. 'Wretch!
Monster! Mohock!' shrieks the sentimental author of Pamela, and
all the ladies of his court cackle out an affrighted chorus." — Enff-
lisfi Humourists of the ISth Centttri/.
Neither the wit nor the morality of these lines are very
discernible to us. They exhibit two of the prominent
faults of an otherwise good writer: a constant disposition
to caricature, and an ever-present willingness to apologize
for men of loose manners and dissipated habits. We have
often listened with pleasure — indeed, with edification — to
Mr. Thackeray's moral reflections upon the Lives and
Works of the departed great, but we soon found that the
summing up of the learned judge leaned not always "to
virtue's side ;" and if the literary offender happened to be
a three-bottle man, we entertained no apprehensions for
his safety, and felt quite confident that a gentle rebuke,
hardly calculated to depopulate the tables of LucuUus,
wouhl be the extent of his punishment.
Even the displeasure of Richard.son did not prevent
Joseph Andrews from immediately finding a host of read-
ers. The faithful subjects of the great master were not
proof against the fascinations of good Parson .'idam.-i and
the unfortunate Leonora ; and those who had been charmed
■with the character of P.amela, were equally delighted with
the unsophisticated virtue of her worthy brother, the ex-
cellent Joseph Andrews. We may be allowed to surmise
that many of Richardson's adherents, whilst indignant at
the ridicule cast upon their leader, yet could not but se-
cretly propound to themselves the question which Sir Wal-
ter Scott openly proposes :
" IIow can we wish that undone without which Parson Adams
would not have existed'^"
The book became a general favourite with all classes of
readers, and equally engrossed the literary half-hour of
the studious mechanic and the interval between the Latin
and Greek of the erudite gownsman. The tea-parly of the
tradesman sympathized with the perils of the lovely Fanny,
and West writes to the classic Gray:
'■I rejoice you found amusement in Joseph .\ndrews."
2. History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; published 1749.
The foundation of this work was laid by Fielding while in
the midst of the excitement of political partnership, aud it
was concluded in such interv.als as he could snatch from
the annoyances inseparable from the commencement of »
career of magisterial duty. Yet under such heavy discou-
ragements did Fielding construct one of the most elaborate
of plots, developed by an astonishing variety of cli.aracters ;
"No author has introduced a greater diversity of character, or
displayed them more fully, or in more various attitudes. All-
worthy is the most amiable picture in the world of a m.an who
does honour to his species. In his own heart he finds constant
propensities to the most generous and benevolent of actions, aud
FIE
FIE
his understandinj; conducts him with discretion in tho pei-form-
ance of whatever his goodness su^^^ests to him. And though it is
apparent that the author labourfd at this pnitrait am amore, and
meant to ofT.-r it to mankind as a just ol>jt-i't of iinitatinn, he has
soherly restrained himself within the bounds of probability: nay,
it may be said of strict truth ; as. in the peneral opinion, he is sup-
posed 10 have copied here the features of a worthy ctiaracter still
in being.' — Arthur MuRpnv.
The ''worthy character" here alluded to was Ralph Allen,
of Prior Park, the " Man of Bath," tbo friend of Pope and
Warburton, celebrated in the well-known lines of the
former :
'• Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame."
"Although in this, as well as in other writings of the author,
the scenes are chieliy drawn from low life, and display too much
of the vices and crimes of mankind, yet they are relieved by con-
siderable admixture of nobler matter, and contain many affecting
pictures of moral excellence. Indeed, it cannot be doubted the
writer's intentions were to favour the cause of virtue; and pro-
bahly the majority of readers, judging from fheii- feelings in the
perusal, will pronounce that he has effected his purpose. A rigid
moralist will object to him the common fault of many writers of
fiction, that of sheltering gross deviations from rectitude nf con-
duct under tliat vague goodness of heart whirh is sn liltle to be
relied on as tho guide of life; yet he has not bei-ii inattentive to
poetical justice in making misfortune the constant concomitant
of vice, though perhaps he has not nicely adjusted the degree of
punishment to the crime." — Dr. Aikin.
Dr. Beattie can hardly find terms sufficiently expressive
to convey to the world his admiration of the manogemeut
of the plot of Tom Jones :
" Since the days of Homer tlie world has not seen a more artful
epic fable. The characters and adventures are wonderfully diversi-
fied; yet the circumstiinces are all so natural, and rise so easily
from one another, and co-operate witli so much regularity in bring-
ing on, even while they seem to retard, the catastrophe, that the
curiosity of the reader is always kept awake, and, instead of tiag-
ging, grows more and more impatient as the story advances, till
at last it becomes downright anxiety. And when we get to the
end, and look back on the whole contrivance, we are amazed to
find that of so ma ny incidents there should be so lew superfl uous ;
that in snch a variety of fiction there should be so great a proba-
bility ; and that so complex a tale should be so perspicuously con-
ducted, and with perfect unity of design.''
With reference to Dr. Beattie's introduction of the name
of Homer, we may remark that Lord Byron styles Fielding
the ''Prose Homer of human nature."
'' In Tom .Jones, his greatest work, the artful conduct of the
fable, and the subserviency of all the incidents to the winding up
of the whole, deserve much praise." — Dr. Bluir's Lectures on Khe-
toric and Bdks-LcUres.
'•Manners change from generation to generation, and with man-
ners morals appear tu change — actually change with some — but
appear to change with all but the abandoned. A young man of
the present day who should act as Tom Jones is supposed to act
at Upton with Lady Uellastou, Ac, would not be a Tom Jones;
and a Tom Jones of the present day, without, perhaps, being in
the ground a better man. would have perished rather than sub-
mit to be kept by a hariidan of fortune. Therefore this novel is,
and indeed pretends to be, no example of conduct. But. notwith-
standing all this, 1 do loathe the cant which can recommend ' Pa-
mela' and 'Clarissa Hartowe' as strictly moral, although they poi-
son the imagination of the young with contiuu.al doses of tinct.
lytUs, while Tom Jones is prohibited as loose. 1 do not speak of
young women ; but a young man whose heart or feelings can be
injured, or even his pa.ssions excited, by this novel, is already tho-
roughly corrupt. There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that
prevails everywhere, strongly contrasted with the close, day-
dreamy continuity of Richardson." — S. T. Colebidoe: Likranj
Remains.
"Our popular novels are even translated into Spanish. 'Tom
Jones,' indeed, has long been a favourite in Spain. It may be re-
marked, thus the most intensely natural works acquire the high-
est reputation." — Hartley Coleridge.
"As a picture of manners, the novel of 'Tom Jones' is indeed
exquisite; as a work of construction, quite a wonder: the by-play
of wisdom: the power of observation, the multiplied felicitous
turns and thoughts, the varied character of the great Comic Epic,
keep the reader in a perpetual admiiation and curiosity. But
against Mr. Thomas Jones himself we have a right to put in a
protest, and quarrel with the esteem the author evidently has for
that character. Charles Lamb says finely of Jones, that a single
hearty laugh from him 'clears the air* — but that it is in a certain
state of the atmosphere.'' — Tlmcherai/'s Humorists "/(he ISth Cen-
tury, q. V.
'' Ilis Tom Jones is quite unrivalled in plot, and is to be rivalled
only in his own works for felicitous delineation of character." —
Taffnurd's Misrd. WHtint/s.
" In Tom Jones. Fielding has comprehended a larger variety of
Incidents and characters under a stricter unity of .story than in
Joseph Andrews; but he has given to the whole a tone of worldli-
ness which does not mar the delightful simplicity of the latter.
As an expression of the power and breadth of his mind, however,
it is altogether his greatest work; and. in the ^^nion of distinct
pictorial representiition with profound knowledge of practical
life, is unequalled by any novel in tlie language." — Kdwin P.
WmppLE : Essays and Remews.
Dr. Johnson, in a conversation to be quoted hereafter,
declared :
"Sir. there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Rich-
hrdson's than in all Tom Jones."
33
But Fielding's admirers do not conceive this to have
been an impartial judgment. AVe may properly conclude
our citation of opinions of this remark;ible work by the
eloquent tribute of a writer as highly di.stingui?hed in tho
field of historic investigation as tho author of Tom Junes
was in the walks of fiction:
'"The nobility of the Spensers has been illustrated and enriched
by the trophies of Marlboi-ough, but I exhort them to consider the
Faery Queen as the most precious jewel of their coronet. Our im-
mortal Fielding was of the younger branuh of the Earls of Den-
bigh, who drew their origin from the Counts of llapsburg, tho
lineal descendants of Eltrico, in the seventh century, Dukes of
Alsace. Far dilfereut have been the fortunes of the English and
German divisions of the family of llapsburg. The former, the
knights and sheriffs of Leicestershire, have slowly risen to the
dignity of a peerage; the latter, the Emperors of Germany and
Kings of Spain, have thre-atened the liberty of the Old and in-
vaded the treasures of the New World. The successors of Charles
V. may disdain their brethren of England; but the romance of
' Tom Jones,' that exquisite picture of human manners, will out-
live the pahtce of the Escurial and the imperial eayle of Austria."
— GlUBON.
3. Amelia; published in 1751.
"In point of general excellence 'Amelia' has commonly been
considered, no less by critics, perhaps, than by the public, as deci-
dedly inferior to 'Tom Jones.' In variety and invention it assu-
redly is so. Its chief merit depends less on its artful and elabo-
rate construction than on the interesting series it presents of
domestic paintings, drawn, as we have remarked, from his own
family history. It has more pathos, more nioi-al lessons, with far
less vigour and humour, than either of its predecessors. But we
agree with Chalmers, that those who have seen much of the errors
and distresses of domestic life will probably feel that the author's
colouring hi this work is more just, as well as more chaste, than
in any of his oilier novels. The appeals to the heart are far more
forcible." — TllOM.vs Roscoe: Life and Works of Henry Fielding.
With reference to Fielding's having drawn from his do-
mestic history, in the pages of Amelia, his celebrated kins-
woman, Lady Mary Wortley M(»ntagu, thus discourses in
a letter written shortly before the death of the novelist:
" II. Fielding has given a true picture of himself and his first
wife in the characters of Mr. and Mrs. Booth, some compliments to
his own figure excepted; and I am persuaded sevei-al of the inci-
dents he mentions are real matters of fact. I wonder he does not
perceive that Ihm Jones and 3fr. Booth are sorry scoundrels." —
Letters and Works, edited by Lord Wharncliffe.
Lady Mary's remark relative to his figure may appro-
priately introduce a brief description of his outward man :
" With regard to his personal appearance, Fielding was strongly
built, robust, and in height rather exceeding six feet. He was
also remarkably active, till rep '-ated attacks of the gout had broken
down the vigour of a fine constitution. Naturally of a dignified
presence, he was equally impressive in his tone and manner,
which, added to his peculiarly marked features, his conversational
powers, and rare wit, must have given him a decided intiuence in
genera! society, and not a little ascendency over the minds of com-
mon men." — Tiiomvs Ko^coe: Life and Works of Hniry Fielding.
To return to" Amelia :"Richardson flattered himself that
this last publication would prove the death-knell of his
rival's fame; and he remarks, in a letter to his own enthu-
siastic admirer, Mrs. Donellan :
"Captain Booth, madam, has done his business. Mr. Fielding
has ovei^writteu himself, or rather under-written, and. in his own
journal, seems ashamed of his last piece, and has promised that
the same muse shall write no more for him. His piece, in short,
is as dead as if it had been published forty years ago. as to sale.
You guess I have not read 'Amelia?' Indeed I have read but the
first volume."
Yet Amelia met with immediate and great success :
'•F'ielding's Amelia was perhaps the only book of which, being
printed off betimes one morning, a new edition was called for
befm-e night." — Dr. .Tounson.
We know that the stern moralist himself read the book
through without stopping, and
"Johnson appears to have been particularly pleased with the
character of the heroine of this novel, and said F'ielding's Amelia
was the most pleasing heioineofall the romances." — Malone.
"I admire the author of 'Amelia,' and thank the kind master
who introduced me to that sweet and delightful companion and
friend. Amelia, perhaps, is not a better story than -Tom Jones,'
but it has the better ethics: the prodigal repents, at least, before
forgiveness; whereas, that odious, broad-backed Mr. Jones carries
otr his beauty with scarce an interval of remorse for his manifold
errors and short-comings, and is not half punished enough before
the great prize of fortune and love falls to his share. I am angry
with Jones. Too much of the plum-cake and rewards of life fall
to that boisterous, swaggering young scapegrace. Sophia actually
surrenders without a proper sense of decorum — the fond, foolish,
palpitating little creature! 'Indeed, Mr. Jonei:,' she says. 'it rests
with you to appoint the day.' I suppose Sophia is drawn from the
life, as well as Amelia; and many a young fellow, no better than
Mr. Thomas Jones, has carried. l>y a coup de main, the heart of
many a kind girl who was a great deal too good for him." — Thacke-
ray''s Emjlit^h Humorists nf the \Wt dntury.
"Of .ail his novels, it leaves the finest Impression of quiet, do
mestic delighti of the sweet home feeling, and the humanities con-
nected with it. We have not the glad spring or the glowing sum-
mer of his genius, but its autumn.al mellowness and mitigated
sunshine, with something of the thoughtfulness befitting the sea-
son."— Edwin P. Whipple: Essays and lieviiws.
We conclude our article^ which we know not well how
593
FIE
to shorten, by quoting the opinions of a mimher of distin-
guished writers upou the literary characteristics of the
great Englisii novelist:
"We have auother writer of those imaginary histories, one who
has not long since descended to these regions. His name Is FiL-Id-
iug, and his works, as 1 have heard the best judges say, have a
true spirit of comedy, and an e.xact repi-esentatinn of nature, with
fine moral touches. Ho has not, indeed, given lessons of pure
and consummate virtue, but has exposed vice and meanness
with all the powers of ridicule."— LoKU Lytteuon : DialoQius of
the Vend.
Lord Lyttelton, after mentioning some particulars of
Pope, Swift, and other literary characters of that day, when
Fielding's name was pronounced, remarked :
"Henry Fielding bad more wit and Lumour than all the per-
sons we have been speaking of put together.''
Fielding's early attempts at dramatic authorship were
greatly ridiculed by the wits then in the ascendant ; and
Swift compares the young author, not in tlie most compli-
mentary manner in the world, with Wellsted — no "bright
jjarticular star:"
"For instance, when you rashly tbinlc
No rhymer can with Wellsted' sink,
His merits balanc'd, you shall tind
That Fielding leaves him far behind."
Upon which Dr. Warton remarks :
"Little did .Swift imagine that this very Fielding would here-
after eiiual him in works of humour, and excel him in drawing
and supporting char.acters, and in the artful conduct and plan of
a comic epopee.'*
Few critics have been so sparing of their compliments
to contemporary writers as the great authority to be next
quoted :
" Monsieur de Marivaux, in France, and Henry Fielding, in
England, stand the foremost among those who have given a faith-
ful and chaste copy of life and manners, and. tiy enriching their
romance with the best part of the comic art, may be said to have
brought it to perfection." — Bishop WARitrRTO.v.
"The genius of Cervantes was transfused into the novels of
Fielding, who painted the characters and ridiculed the follies of
lile with equill strength, humour, and propriety."— Smollett.
Sir Walter Scott, whom we sh.-ill again have occasion to
quote, thus combines the names of Fielding and Smollett:
"Smollett and Fielding were so eminently successful as novel-
ists, that no other English author of that class has a ri"bt to be
mentioned in the same breath. We readily grant to Smollett an
equal rank with his great rival. Fielding— while we place both far
above any of their succes.sors in the same line of fictitious compo-
sition. Perhaps no books ever written excited such peals of in-
extinguishable laughter as those of Smollett."
"I go to Sterne fir the feelings of nature; Fielding for its vices;
Johnson for a knowledge of the workings of its powers : and Shaks-
peare for every thing."— Adernetfiy.
"The cultivated genius of Fielding entitles him to a hi"h rank
among the classics. His works exhibit a .series c.f pictures drawn
with all the descriptive fidelity of a Hogarth. They are highly
entertaining, and will always be read with pleasme."— ft-. Vicesi
viiii Knox's J'J.'isays.
".Mr. Fielding's Novels are highly distinguished for their hu-
mour; a humour which, if not of the most relined and delicate
kind, IS original, and peculiar to himself The characters which
he draws are lively and natural, and marked with the strokes of a
hold pencil. The general scope of his stories is favourable to hu-
manity and goodness of heart."— Dk. Blaie: Lectures rni Ithetoric
ami Bctles-Lettres.
^ " They are splendid emanations of art, and artisliml. as the critic
l.oetho correctly expresses it. in the true sense of the word "
" Fielding will forever remain the delight of bis countrv and will
always ret.ain his place in the libraries of Kure|,,.. m.tuitbstanding
the unfortunate grossness.— the mark of an uo.ulliiat, d taste --
which if not yet entirely excluded from convers^.tinn, b:is been for
some time banished from our writings, where, duiim' llie liest a"e
of our national genius, it prevailed more than in thos°e of any otlier
polished nation."— Sir -Tames Mickixtosh: Er/in. K,v. xxv! 4S5
The opinion of Fielding's celebrated kinswoman will in-
terest many readers ;
"Fielding has really a fund of true humour, and was to be pitied
at his first entrance into the world, having no choice, as lie said
himspll but to be a hackney-writer, or a hackney-coachman. His
genius deserved a better fate: but I cannot help blaming that con-
tinued indiscretion, togive it the softest name, that has run through
his life and I am afraid still remains. ... Since I was born, no
original has appeared excepting Congrevo and Fielding, who would,
1 believe, have approarlied nearer to his excellencies, if not forced
by his necessities to publish without correction, and throw many
productions into the world he wonld have thrown to the fire if
meat could have been got without money, or money without scrib-
hling. . . There was a great similitude between liis [ Fielding's!
clLiracter and that of Sir Hichard Steele. He had the advantage
both in learning and, in my opinion, in genius; they both agreed
in wanting money, in .spite of all their friend.s. and wonld'have
wanted it if their hereditary lands had been as extensive as their
liiMgination : yet each of them was so formed fo,- happiness it is
r!Ltr'?°'rr°!'*f' lli-[Fi.blin..'sUK,,,|,v:, institution
(even when he had with great p:Lins half demolish. ,1 il; made him
forget every evil when he was befure a ;enis„n jiaslv or over a
flask of champagne: and I am persuaded he knew more happy
moments than any prince upon earth. His natural spirits gav'e
him rapture withacookmaid.and cheerfulness when he was starv-
'°e in a garret."-Hl>Y Marv Wortlet Movtaou
' "'"''" "•'''**er of composition Fielding was! upon my word I
TIE
think the (Edipus Tyrannus, the Alchemist, and Tom Jones, the
three most jieifect pints ever planned; and how chaioiing, how-
wholesome Fielding always is! to take him up after Uichardson is
like emerging from a sick-room, heated by stoves, into an open lawn
on a breezy day in May." — S. T. Coleridge.
Hartley Coleridge, when speaking of Massinger's habit of
"getting into a passion with his bad characters," remarks:
" It is a fault which nowhere occui-s in Homer. Cervantes, Shak-
speare, the great and true dramatists, and very seldom in Fielding
and Sir Walter Scott."
But it is time that we had quoted the tribute of Sir'^Valtcr
to the illustrious predecessor with whom he has just been
named :
" Fielding is the first of the British Novelists. His name is im-
mortal as a painter of natural manners. Of all the works of ima-
gination to which English genius has given origin, his writing)
are most decidedly her own; all the actors in his narrative live in
England, travel in Engl.and, quarrel and fight in England; and
scarce an incident occurs, without its being marked by something
which could not well have happened in any other coun'try. In hia
powers of strong and natural humour, and forcible yet natural ex-
hibition of character, the Father of the English Novel has not yet
been approached even by his most successful followers. He is,
indeed, as Byron terms him —
•The prose Homer of human nature.'"
It is no slight evidence of the great popularity of Field-
ing, that in so many cases the incidental intripduction of
an author's name gives us occasion to quote the opinion of
such author upon tlie merits of the subject of our iien. We
find Smollett and Fielding compared, and we are reminded
that Smollett left us his estimate of the genius of Fielding.
Again we tind that Swift has made Fielding the "butt of
his clum.sy ridicule," and we must repeat what Dr. Warton
says of botli. The names of Scott and Fielding .are com-
bined, and wo recollect Sir Walter's eloquent tribute to hia
great predecessor. Scott quotes Byron, and we leel that
our duty will not be discharged without quoting Byron
further on the same suggestive theme :
" There now are no Squire Westerns as of old,
And our Sophias are not so emphatic.
But fair as them or fairer to behold."
Do/i Juan, c. siii. s. 110.
A critic of our own day, of great eminence, seems- to
have shared in Byron's feeling of familiar acquaintance
1 with the dramtilin peisoim of these meiuorable novels :
; " What a wonderful art, what an admirable gift of nature, was
it by which the author of these tales was endowed, and which en-
abled him to fix our interest, to waken our sympathy, to seize upon
our credulity, so that we believe in his people— speculate gravely
upon their faults or their excellencies, prefer this one or that, de-
plore Jones's fondness for drink and play. Booth's fondness for
i play and drink, and the unfortunate position of the wives of both
1 gentlemen; we all admire those ladies with all our hearts and
talk about them as faithfully as if we had breaktjisted with them
this morning in their actual drawing-room, or should meet them
ibis afternoon in the ParkI"— r7iac/.prui/'s Eng. Hum. of the ISl/i
Venturtl. •"
The re.ader must peruse for himself the Essay on the Life
and Works of Fielding, prefixe.l to the Works of the latter,
ny Thomas Roscoe : sec ante, notice of editions. We can
make room for a short extract only from this well-writteu
composition ;
I _ " How far Uichardson was inferior to his great rival in the leJid-
ing characteristics of novel-ivriting, and in none more than in
natuial and true portraiture of character and manners, the differ-
; ent popular light in which they are regarded affords, perhaps, the
surest criterion. While Fielding continues to rank with the -fore-
most men of all the world.' with Homer, Cervantes, Shakspeare,
in the highest rank of genius, the long, wearisome, thrice^elabo-
j rated productions of Richardson are a dead weight, and sleep un-
disturbed upon their shelves. Only for a moient contrast the
characters they hare drawn; the truth-telling. m,anlv minds of
I 1 lelding, of which the calm beauty, • the sunshine andthe storm.'
I are all faithful transcripts of nature, with the feeble, unvaryinir
portraitures of his contemporary."
We find a similar judgment expressed by a late eminent
writer :
" When we read Fielding's novels after those of Richardson, we
leel as If a stupendous pressure were removed from our souls We
seem suddenly to have left a palace of enchantment, where we
have passed through long galleries filled with the most gor-'eous
im.-iges, and illumined by a light not quite human nor yet quite
divine, into the fresh air, and the common ways of this ' bright
and breathing world.' We travel on the highroad of humanrty,
yet meet in it pleasanter companions, and catch more delicious
snatches ot refreshment, than ever we can hope elsewhere toeniov ''
.—l\\.TO[niJ):XcwHonth.Mag. '' ■"
I Wo can form some faint idea of the growl of indignation,
and the torrent of invective, with which gruff old Johnson
would have chastised the utterers of such comparisons as
we have just quoted. And, indeed, as Fielding has had it
all his own way for some time, it is only iair, and will bo
perhaps agreeable relief to the reader, to show "the other
picture,"
"It always appeared to me that he estimated the compositions
or Kichardson too highly, and that he had an unreasonable preju-
dice against Fielding. In comparing those two writers, he used
this expression : 'that there was as great a difference between them
FIE
FIL
as 'between a man wbo knew how a watch was made, and a man
who tould tell the bnur liy looking on the diul-plato.' This was a
short and fig;ur.'itive stjitemeut of his distinction between drawing
characters of nature and characters only of manners. , . . Field-
ing being mentioned, Johnson exclaimed, 'He was a blockhead;'
and upon my expressing my astonishment at so strange an asser-
tion, be said, '^Vhat 1 mean by his being a blockhead is, that he
was a barren rascal.' Boswell: ' Will you not allow, sir. that he
draws very natural picturesof human life?' Johnson: 'Why. sir,
it is of very low life. Ilichardson used to say that, had he not
linown who Fielding was. he should have believed be was an ostler.
?ir, there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Richard-
son's, than in all Tom Jones. I, indeed, never read Joseph An-
drews.' ErisKine: ' Surely, sir, liichardson is very tedious.' JoHM-
eoN ; ' Why, sir. if you were to read Kichardson for the story, your
impatience would be so much fretted that you would hang your-
self. But you must read him for the sentiment, and consider the
story as only giving occasion to the sentiment.'" — BosivdVs Life
of Johnson.
An eminent authority of modern times thu.s sntisfac-
torily accounts for the early popularity of Richardson in
Germany:
"Fielding conceived life as it was. with great strength and dis-
tinctness, and brought out into clear light those contrasts which
are indeed now well enough known, but which were then remarked
>iy none, because England was regarded as a paradise — a Utopia.
lie showed with such power the difference between appearance and
truth — between a flattering clergy and true reli^iou. that the lovers
of sentimentality and the multitude, who are always willing to
have their eyes bound that they may dream pleasantly, were in
some measure driven from himself to his countryman Hiihaidson,
the discoverer of a conventional morality. We cannot, therefore
wonder that Fielding, who died in 1754. found a pulilic in CJermany
much later than Richardson, whose moralizing and sentimental
heroes and heroines had already become the fiisbion by means of
Rousseau, at the same time with the idyllic dreams of Gessner.
We must po.HsesB gnnd practical sense and a kuowleiige of pure old
Knglish life, find .-f the :ibiisos of its hierarchy and clergy, to un-
d'Tstand Field ini:, tn rsliiiiatea Joseph Andrews and a Tom Jones,
and to find pleasure in them; whereas we have only need of in-
defiuite general notions and sensibility, to admire Richardson's
Pamela, and his Sir (.'harles Grandison." — Schlossei^s Hist, of the
IStU Ctnt., d-c; Duruhon's Tram., ii. 59, 60.
Fielding, James Holvrod. Boauehamp; or the
■\Vhee! of Fortune, ISIS. 4 vols.
Fielding, Sir John, d. 1780, half-bmthor to Henry
Fielding-, the great novelist, and his successor in his ma-
gisterial duties, was distinguished for his public sjiirit and
efforts ftir the reformation of the vicious. In consideration
of his valuable services to the community, he was knighted
in 1761. 1. Police Act, with a plan rcl. to Girls of the
Tovpn, Lon.. 1757, '08, 8vo. 2. Plan of an Asylum, or
Home of Refuge for Orphans and other deserted Girls,
1758, 8vo. 3. Extracts from Penal Law.s, &c., 1761. '69,
8vo. 4. Universal Mentor, a coUec. of Moral and Misc.
Essays, 1762. 12mo. 5. Charge to the Grand Jury, 1763,
4to. 6. Do., 1766, 4to. 7. Descrip. of London and West-
minster, 1777, 12mo.
Fieldiii?:, John. 1. Peerage of Eng., Lon., 1781,
12mo. 2. New Peerage of do., 1784, 12nio. 3. H. Coach
Rates. 1786, 12mo. 4. Regal Tables, 12mo.
Fieldin^s:, Robert. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1709.
Fielding, Sarah, 1714—1768, third sister of the great
novelist, lived and died unmarried, at Bath. She was a
woman of great learning. 1. The Adventures of David
Simple in search of a Faithful Friend. 2 vols. 12mo. Pub.
shortly after the appearance of her brother Henry's Joseph
Andrews. A third vol. was added in 1752. New ed., 1756,
2 vols. 8vo. This novel was well received. 2. The Cry;
a Dramatic Fable, 1754, 3 vols. 12mo. This has also been
claimed as the production of Patti/ Fielding and Miss Jane
Collier. Sec Mrs. Barbauld's Life of Richardson ; Biog.
Dramat, vols. i. and ii. 3. Xenophon's Memoirs of Socra-
tes; Defence of Socrates before his Judges, 1762, 8vo.
Mr. Harris of Salisbury furnished some valuable notes to
this excellent translation.
"Done with equal judgment and accuracy.'' — Clarke.
4. Familiar Letters between the chnraetcrs in David
Simple, 2 vols. 5. The Governess, or Little Female Aca-
demy. 6. The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia. 7. The
Hi.st, of the Countess of Delwin, 2 vols. 8. The Hist, of
Ophelia, 2 vols.
"Her unatTect*'d manners, candid mind,
Her he-art benevolent, and soul resign'd;
Were more her praise than all she knew or thought,
Though Athen's wisdom to her sex she taught."
Inscription by J>r. John Hnadly on the Monument
erected by him to her memory.
Fielding, T. Select Proverbs of all Nations. New
ed., Lon., 1847, 18mo. iSee Ray, John.
Fielding, T. H., of the E. I. Comp. Milt. Coll., Ad-
discombc. 1. Painting in Oil and Water Colours, Lon.,
1839, imp. 8vo; 4th ed., 1846.
" Mr. Fielding's work may be honoured in France as M. Merim^e's
has been in England by a translation; we think it a better one,
and therefore more desersiug of it." — Lull. Purthaivn.
2. Hist, of the Art of Engraving, Lon., 1840, r.Svo. New
ed., 1848. 3. Picturesque Descrip. of the River Wye, 1841,
4to. 4. Synopsis of Practical Perspective, 3d ed., 1843,
8vo. 5. Manual of Colours. 1844, fp. Svo. 6. On the Know-
ledge and Restoration of Oil Paiutings, 1847. 12mo.
Fields, James T., b. 1820, at Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire, a partner of the well-known Boston publishing house
of Ticknor and Fields, has won considerable reputation as
a poet. A volume of his poetical compositions was pub.
in Boston in 1849, and one for private distribution waa
printed at Cambridge in 1854. In 1858 ho also privately
printed a beautiful volume entitled A Few Verses for a
Few Friends.
*' This book itself, apart from its contents, is a poem. In paper,
type, edging, and ornament — in all the varialde details uf me
ciianical execution — it vindicates its title to be termed a work of
high art. The poems it contains are gems well worthy the setting,
— pure thought, genial feeling, tender remembrance, and lambent
fancy, in natural measures and easy rhythm,— such poems as
always win a higher fame than ihey seek and are best appreciated
by those whose verdict is of the most significant import." —
N. Amer. Rev., clxxx., July,lR58.
Among his principal pieces arc Commerce, read before
the Boston Mercantile Association on its anniversary in
1838, and The Post of Honour, read before the same so-
ciety in 1848. The reading-world is indebted to Mr. Fields
for a complete edition of Do Quincey's writings, which he
collected, edited, and published in 20 vols. 16mo, Bost.,
1858. See De Quincey, Thomas. Specimens of Mr.
Ficlds's style will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry
of America, and Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit.
" Besides bis serious poems, he has produced some very original
mirthful pieces, in which are adroit touches of wit, felicitous bits
at current follies, and instances ofquaint humour, laughing through
piim ami di-ron^us lines, which evince a genius for I'ers de sociiti.
The pdi'nw Mr. Fields has given us are evidently the careless pro-
ducts of a singularly sensitive and fertile mind — indications rather
than exponents of its powers — furnishing evidence of a cap.^city
which it is to be hoped the engagementsof business will not wholly
absorb." — Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
" Mr. Fields's visit wasnec.^ssjirily brief; but that short interview
has laid the foundation of a friendship which will, I think, last as
long as my frail life, and of which the benefit is all on my side.
He Sends me charming letters, verses which are fast ripening into
true poetry, excellent books; and this autumn he brought back
himself, and came to pay me a visit : and be must come again, for,
of all tbi! kindnesses with whi.h U'' In.uls me. 1 like his company
the best." — MissMiTFOitP.in hvrLdmiri/ Ii>rulh:r!ioiis.
Fiennes, Nathaniel, 1608-1669. second son of Lord
Say and Sele. educated at Oxford, and Lord Privy Seal
under Oliver Cromwell, pub. several speeches and political
pamphlets, 1640-64. Monarchy the best Gov't, 1660.
•' Tho' before he had shew'd himself an antimonarchisi, yet then,
when he saw what (Oliver aimed at [he] became a lover of kingship
and monarchy, purposely to gain honour and riches for the esta-
blishing a family which he and the rest of the godly party aimed
at." — Athen. Oion.
Not all, Anthony; be a little more charitable. Fiennes
was for some time colonel of horse under the Earl of Essex.
" If be had not incumbered himself with command in the army,
to which men thought bis nature not so well disposed, be had been
second to none in those councils after Mr. Hampden's death.'' —
Lord Clarendon.
W.alker ascribes to Fiennes a historical tract called An-
glia Rediviva, pub. under the name of Sprigge.
Fiennes, William, Lord Say and Sele, 1582-1662,
father of the preceding, educated at Oxford, was "very
active" with Hampden and Pym, yet was made Lord Privy
Seal and Lord Chamberlain at the Restoration. He wrote
some political tracts, and some treatises against the Qua-
kers. The Scots Design Discovered, 1653, 4to, has been
ascribed both to him and his son Nathaniel. Wood speaks
of the honours bestowed upon him by Charles II. with
great indignation :
'* While others that suffered in estate and body, and had been
reduced to a bit of bread for his maj. cause, had then little or no-
thing given to relieve them ; for «'hicb they were to thank a hun-
gry and great officer. [Lord Clarendon.— Cole,] who, to fill his own
coffers, was the occasion of the ruin of many." — Athen. Oxon.
" lie was a person of great parts, wisdom, and integrity." —
Whitelocke-
"A man of a close and reserved nature, of great parts, and of
the highest ambition."— Lord Clarendon. See Athen. Oxon.;
Park's K. and N. Authors.
Fierburtus, Nic. See Fitzhehbert.
Fife, Lord. A Catalogue of Lord Fife's Coins and
Medals. 1796, 4to.
Fige;es, James. The Excise Officer's Yade Mecum,
Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Fildin^, Ford. Trans, of Dan Toussaius's Exercise
of the Faithful Soule, Ac. Lon., 1683, 8vo.
Filewood, F. R. Argts. and Proofs of the Excellency
of the Liturgy of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1792, 12mo.
Filgate, Fitzherbert, Thorough Draining,1848,18mo.
" The author writes very soundly and practically." — DonaUimn's
AgHcuU. Biog. ■- ,
FIL
Filipowski, H. E. A Tj,ble of Anti-Logarithms, 2d
ed., Lon., 1851, 8vo.
" All (hut could bo « ished in extent, in structure, and in typo-
grapliy. Ff.r its extent it is unique among modern tables " Pruf
Aug. I)e MnRG\x.
Filkes, John. Serm., Lon., 1713, 8vo; do., 1714, 8to.
Filkes, John. Serm., &c., 1802, '04, 8vo.
Fills, Robert. Theolog. treatises and derotional
works, trans, from the French, Lon., 1562-9(1, Ac.
Filmcr, Edward. French Court Ayres, 1629.
Filmer, Edward, D.C.L., educated at All-Souls' Col-
lege, 0.\f., disgraced himself by defending the English
stage against Jeremy Collier, in A Defence of Plays, Lon.,
1707, 8vo. He also pub. The Unnatural Brother, a Trag.,
Lon., 1697, 4to.
•' It tiears stronfj testimony to the understanding and abilities
of the author." — liuiq. Dramai.
Filmer, Sir Robert, d. 1647, a native of Kent, father
of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., wrote a
number of political treatises in favour of arbitrary power
in the mimarch, among which arc, 1. The Anarchy of a
Mised and Limited Monarchy, 1616, '48, '79. 2. Neces-
sity of the absolute Power of all Kings, and in particular
of the King of England, 1648, '80. 3. Original of Gov't;
against Milton, ilobbes, Grotius, ILittou, Ac, 1652, 4to.
4. Questio Quodlibetiea; or, a Discourse whether it may be
lawful to take use for Money, 165.3, '78, 8vo. 5. Free-
holder's Grand Inquest, touching the King and his Pari.;
written by Sir Richard Hobhouse, 1679, 8vo. 6. Patri-
archia; or. The Natural Power of the Kings of England
asserted.
'■In which he endeavours to prove, that nil government was mon-
archical at first, and that all legal titles to govern are oriijinally
derived trom the hands of families, or from such upon whoiii their
right was transterred, either by concession or &ilure of the line.
"Ills aiguments are singularly insufficient; he r|uotes nothing
but a few irrelevant texts from Genesis; he seems not to have
known at all the strength, whatever it may be, of his own case
and it is hardly possible to find a more trilling and feeble work
It had however the advantage of opportunity to be received by a
party with approbation."— aii(/a»i's Intraluc. to LU. of £,irope.
This work has elicited able confutations, the best known
of which will be found in Locke's Treatises on Civil Go-
vernment. 7. Political Discourses, 1680, Svo. 8. Defence
against Algernon Sidney's Paper.
" Sir Hubert Kilmer of Kent was intimately acqruiinted with
Camden, who told him he was not sufTerod to print many things
in his Elizabeth, which he sent over to his fnrrespondeut Thuamis
who printed It all failhfully in his annals without alterin'^a word"
Fillmore, Augustus D., b. 1823, in Ohio. 1. Uni-
versal Musician. 2. Christian Psalmist. 3. Tree of Tem-
perance and its Fruits, Ac.
Filson, John. Topog. Description of the West. Terri-
tory of N. America, 1793, 8vo. In association with George
Imlay. 2. The Discovery, Settlement, and present State
of Kentucke, Wilmington, 1784, 8vo; Lon., 1793, 8vo In
French, Paris, 1785.
"This account bears every ni.ark of authenticity. It was drawn
up from personal notice or immediate information, and is attested
by the signatures of three respectable inhabitants of the countiy
The author is a believer in the selllemeut of a Welsh colony in
this country by Madoc, in Ulur—Hichs Bihl. Amer. Nma.
Finch, Anne, d. 1720, Countess of Winchelsea, was
the daughter of Sir William Kingsmill, of Sidmonton,
Southampton, and wife of Hcneagc, E.arl of Winchelsea.
Miscellaneous Poems, on several occasions, Lon., 1731, Svo!
Among the pieces is a tragedy called Aristomines. ' Her
best-known poem is The Atheist and the Acorn. Pope ad-
dressed some verses to her, which elicited an " ele.'ant re-
plication," printed in Gibber's Lives, and prefi.\ed to an old
edit, of his works. Her poem upon the Spleen, imb in
Gildon's Miscellany, 1701, Svo, w.-is, with several other of
her pieces, inserted by Dr. Birch in the General Biographi-
cal Dictionary, by permission of the Countess of Hertford,
who owned the originals.
" It is remarkable that, excepting a passage or two in the Wind-
sor iorestol Pope, and some delightful pictures in the poems of
Lady Minchelsea, the poetry of the period intervening between
tlie publication ol the Paiadise Lost and the Seasons does not
contain a single now image of external nature."— Wordsworth.
The extravagance of this assertion appears to us to be
manifest. Had Mr. Wordsworth perused and remembered
all the poetry lietwcen Paradise Lost and The Seasons?
Fint-h, H. Sonnets and other Poems. 1805, Svo
Finch, Charles, Earl of Nottingham. His Royal
Entertainment when Ambassador to the King of Simin
1605, 4to. ° ' '
i^J^'"*^^**' ''''"'*''' ^''™"<' ^•^■•1 of Nottingham. 1647-
1729-30, was educated at Christ Church, 0.vf., filled several
important political posts. 1. Answer to Whiston's Letter
to him concerning the Eternity of the Son of God and of
the llol.v^,host, Lou., 1721, Svo; 3 edits, in the same year.
FIN
For this work he was thanked by the University of O.xford.
2. Letter to Dr. Waterland, printed at the end of Dr. New-
ton's Treatise on Pluralities. Observations upon the State
of the Nation in January, 1712-13, has been ascribed to
him. Horace Walpole states that he was assured it was
not his composition.
Finch, EdAvard, Vicar of Christ's Church, London,
brother ol Sir Heneage Finch, lirst Earl of Nottingham,
was ejected from his parish by the parliamentary inquisi-
tors. Answer to the Articles preferred against liim, 1041,
4to. The charges exhibited against him were pub. in the
same year, 4to.
Finch, George. Sketch of the Romish Controversy,
Lon., 1831-36, 2 vols. Svo. Reprinted, 1850, 2 vols. Svo.
"A valuable collection of documents extracted from various
Bomcesr—Bklersbth's C. S.
Finch, Heneage, first Earl of Nottingham, 1621-
1682, was a native of Kent, and educated at Oxford; At-
torney-General, 1670 ; Lord Keeperaboutl673; LordHigh-
Chancellor, 1675. A number of his parliamentary and
judicial speeches were pub., 1660-1791. He left Chancery
Reports. MS. in folio, and notes on Coke's Institutes. He
is highly commended by Bishop Burnet.
"He was a person of the greatest abilities and most uncorrupted
integrity ; a thorough master and zealous defender of the laws and
constitution of his country."- Sir Wm. Blackstone.
See Athen. Oxon.; Collins's Peerage; Park's Walpole 'a
R. and N. Authors.
Finch, Heneage, second Earl of Winchelsea, d. 1689,
was English ambassador to Turkey. 1. Narrative of the
success of his Embassy to Turkey," Lon., 1661. 2. A Re-
lation of the late prodigious Earthquake and Eruption of
Mount Etna, 1669, fol. This eruption was witnessed bv
his lordship on his return from Constantinople.
Finch, Sir Henry, d. 1625, of the same family as the
Lord Chancellor, was educated at Oxford, and became an
eminent lawyer. 1. Nomotechnia; cest a Scavoir, un De-
scription del Commun Leys d'Angleterre, &e., Lon., 1613,
fol. Tran.s. by the author into English under the title Of
Law, or a Discourse thereof, 1627, '36, '61, '78, Svo. New
ed., with Notes and References by Dunby Pickering, 1769,
Svo. Another trans., anon., 1759, Svo. Finch's Law was
the principal guide of law students until the publication of
Blackstone's Commentaries. The best portions of Finch
are incorporated into the latter work.
"Before wo attempt the perus;il of our ancient law writers it
will be highly convenient to have a general idea of the common
law ilsflf, the chief subject of all their tracts, and this perhaps
cannot be had more readily than from that methodical system
which is Well known by the name of Finch's Law. ... It is still
m guod credit and repute. Out of it is extracted, or stolen, an-
other small treatise, which is called Summary of the Common Law
ot Lngland."— Ks/iop JVicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 179,
The Summary noticed by the bishop was pub. in 1654,
12mo. 2. On the Calling of the Jews.
Finch, Hon. Henry, Dean of York. Serm., 1712, 4to.
Finch, John. 1. Travels in the U. States and Canada,
Lon., Svo.
''.Mr. F.'s observations are marked by good sense, impartialily,
and good feeling." — Lon. Monthly Rev.
2. The Natural Boundaries of Empire, 1844, fp. Svo.
"We can strongly recommend the work, both for its usefulness
and the exact and deep research of its most intelligent author "~
Bell s M<Fseu<fr.
Finch, John Lord. Letters, Ac, 1640-41.
Finch, Martin. 1. Animad. upon Sir Henry Vane's
Retired Man's Meditations, Lon., 1656, 12mo. 2. Answer
to Mr. Thomas Grantham's Dialogue between the Baptist
and the Prcsbyt., 1691, Svo.
Finch, R. Tracts containing a Defence of the Doc-
trines of Regeneration. AdvicetoY. Clergymen. Thoughts
on the Sovereignty of God, &<:, 1793, Svo.
"1'hey are really valuable tracts, though some of them are ex-
pressed occasionally in too much severity of language. In this
their collected foi-m, with real nameof the author prefixed, I never
saw another copy."— J/.S'. K:Je by l!ev. P. Ball.
We presume this R. Finch to be Robert Poole Finch,
D.D., but may be mistaken.
Finch, Richard. 1. War, Notting., 1747. 2, Exam,
of Cudworlh's Thoughts on Election, Ac, Lon., 1755.
Finch, Robert, 1783-1830, an antiquary, collected
a valuable library and collection of antiquities, pictures,
Ac, which he bequeathed to the Ashmolean Museum at
Oxford. The Crown of Pure Gold, and Protestantism our
surest Bulwark; two Serius., 1809.
Finch, Robert Poole, D.D. Occasional Serms.,
1746-1798. Consid. upon Judicial Oaths, 1788, Svo. See
FiNcii. R.
Finch, Rev. Thomas. 1. Early Wisdom, Lon., 1794,
2 vols. 12ino. 2. To Sailors, 1797, Svo. 3. To the Poor,
Norw.j Svo.
FIN
FIN
Finch, Thomas. Treceaentsin Chancery, 1689-1722,
Lon., 1747, ful. ; 2iJ ed., by Thomas Finch, Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Lord Hardwic-ke states that the notes to cases to 170S were
taken by Mr. Puulcy, the remainder by Mr. Robins.
"The cases are biietty r-'pnrted. Vmt are of respectable authority."
See Pref. 18 Viuer's AbiiJgt.; 1 Kent's Com., 49*2; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl.. 586.
Finch, Thomas. 1. E.ssays on Man, Lon., 1811,
12mo. 2. On Politiciil Philos., 1812, 8vo, 3. Social Vir-
tues; aSerm., 1812, 8vo. 4. Scriptural Christianity, 1812,
8vo. 5. Christian Principles; a 8erm., Lynn, 1815, 8vo.
F'inch, \V. 1. Masonic Treatise. 2. Masonic Plates.
Finch, Wm,, D.D.. Preb. of Cant. Serm., 1704, 4to.
Finch, >Vni.,D.D. 1. The Objec. of Infidel Historians,
Ac. agst. Christianity; in 8 sernis. at the Bampton Lecture,
1797, and another scrm., 1797, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1798, 8vo.
Fincher, Joseph. 1. Interpositions of Divine Pro-
vidence, Lon., 12mo. 2. Achievements of Prayer, 2d ed.,
1828. 12mo.
F''in(Ien, W. and E. The splendid publications of
these gentlemen — The Royal Gallery of British Art, Por-
traits of Female Aristocracy, Tableaux, Ports and Har-
bours of Great Britain, Landscape Illustrations of the
Bible, &c. — arc well known and justly valued by the pub-
lic in and nut of England.
Findlater, Rev. Charles, minister of Newlands,
Peebles. Genl. Survey of the Agricult. of the County of
Peebles, Edin., 1802, Svo.
"The suliject. matter is well arranged and very judiciously re-
lated. The not-es and appendix are very valuable on the social
policy of the district and its re^'uhitions: the report has always
been esteemed.' — Dmiah/soii's AgncaU. Biog.
Findlay, A. G, 1. Modern Atlas, Lon., 1843, r. Svo.
2. Outline Maps, 1843, r. 4to. 3. Classical Atlas of Ancient
Geography, 1S47, r. Svo, and r. 4to, N. York, 1849, Svo.
"This atlas will ha found to answer all the purposes of the stu-
dent. It is undoubtedly the best collection of maps for its size
that has hitherto appeared, and the interesting information con-
tained in the introduction renders the work doubly valuable." —
CHARLF5 Anthon. LL.D.. CnlumJjia College.
4. School Classical Atlas, imp. Svo, 5. School Atlas of
Modern Geography, 1848, 4to.
The value of these atlases is well known, and they are
beautifully gotten up.
*'The artistic-al portion of these Atlases cannot be surpassed."
— Oiurch awl State Gazette.
6. Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean,
1851, 2 vols. r. Svo. 7. Sailing Directory for the East Coast
of England and Scotland, 1852, Svo. 8. Comparative Atlas
of Ancient and Modern Geography, 1853, imp. 4to.
Findlay, J. Four serms.. by J. F., J. Tozer, J. Moody,
and G. C. Broadbelt, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Findlay, John K,, son of Gov. Findlay of Pennsyl-
vania. Archbold'sfJ. F.) Law of Nisi Prius; 3d Amer. ed.,
enlarged and improved, by J. K. F., Phila., 1852, 2 vols.
Svo. The editor's Introduction and additions to the body
of the work greatly increase the value of the original, which
is perhaps the best treatise upon the subject. See Arch-
BOLO. J. F. ; Stephens, ARCHiBALn John.
Findlay, Robert, 1721-1814, a Scotch divine, was
educated at the University of Glasgow and at Leyden : one
of the ministers of Glasgow. 1756 ; Prof, of Divinity in
that University, 1782. 1. Two Letters to Dr. Kennicott,
Lon., 1762. Svo. Anon. 2. Psalmody, Glasg., 1763, Svo.
Anon. 3. Vindication of the sacred Books and of Jose-
phus from Voltaire, 1770, Svo.
'• This is a serious and solid refutation of many of M. de Vol-
taire's most formidable objections to the sacred writings." — Bishop
Watson.
4. Letter to Dr. Jebb, 1778, Svo. Anon. 5. Remarks on
Lindsey's Dissert, on Praying to Christ, 17S1. Svo.
"These tracts contain importaut observations on some passages
of Scripture in that department of the Socinian controversy." —
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6. The Divine Inspiration of the Scriptures of the Old
Test, asserted by St. Paul, 2 Tim. iii. 16; and Dr. Ged-
des's Reasons against the Tenor of his Words examined,
1804, Svo.
"The reply to Dr. Geddes is a most satisfactory one, and both
vindicates the common reading of 2 Tim. iii. 16, and supports the
generaliv received views of inspiration." — Orinc^s Bihl. Bib.
Findley, Wm., d. 1821. a member of the U. States
Congress, 1812, a native of Irehind, was a zealous sup-
porter of the American Revolution. 1. Review of the
Funding System, 1794. 2. Hist, of the Insurrection of
the 4 western counties of Penn., Ac, Phila,, 1796. 3. Ob-
serv. on the two Sons of Oil, vindic. religious liberty agst.
Rev. Samuel B. Wylie.
Finegan, J. T. An Attempt to illustrate a few Pas-
sages in Shakspeare's Works, Bath, 1S02, Svo, with quo-
tations from *' Pierce Plowman's Vision," respecting the
antiquity of which the author dissents from Warton's
opinion.
Finett, Sir John, Knt., 1571-1640, a native of Soul-
ton, Kent. 1. Finetti Philoxemis, rcl. to Forren Ambassa-
dors in Eng.. Lon., 1656, Svo ; 1756, 12mo. Posth.; pub. by
James Howell. A curious work. See an analysis in Oldys's
Brit. Lib.. 163-S. 2. On Estates; from the* French of R.
de Lusing, 1606.
"He was bred up in the court, where, by his wit, mirth, and
uncommon skill in composing songs, he very much pleased
James 1."
Fin^lass, Esther. The Recluse; or, History of
Lady Gertrude Le?ly, Lon., 1790, 2 vols. 12mo.
Finglass, John^ D.D., Preb. of St. Andrew's, Dublin.
Serms., 161*5, 4to.
F^inlason, W. 1. Leading Cases in Pleading and
Parties to Action, with Notes, Lon., 1847, r. Svo; Har-
risburg, 1847, Svo.
" The Notes themselves are learned, and, we may add. elaborate
Treatises upon the matters to which they relate." — London Laio
Mag.
*'A valuable addition to the library of the professional man."—
Penn. Law Jour.
2. Finlason. W., and Morris R., Common Law Proce-
dure Act, 1852; with Notes, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Finlay, George. 1. Greece under the Romans, B.C.
146-A.D. 717, Lon., 1843, Svo; 2d ed.. 1857, Svo.
" His work is therefore learned and profound. It throws a flood
of liglit upon an important thoush obscure portion of Grecian
history. ... In the essential requisit*'S of fidelity, accuracy, and
learning. Mr. Finlay bears a fiivourable comparison with any his-
torical writer of our day.'" — North Amer. Rev.
" The History of Greece under the Romans has been ably written
by Mr. Finlay." — Lon. Qiiar. Hev.
2. The liist. of Greece from its Conquest by the Cru-
saders to its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of
Trebizond, 1204-1461, 1851. Svo.
3. Hist, of the Byzantine Empire, 716-1057, 185.3, Svo.
4. Hist, of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, 1057-1453,
1S54, Svo.
"At a time when so much attention is being devoted to the mo-
dem history of the Greek race, and to the constitution .ind history
of the Greek Church, and when even our scholars are catching the
enthusiasm, and insisting on the necessity of studying the modern
Greek language and literature. Mr. Fiulay's solid and careful
works will be welcomed by all who read to be informed." — Lon.
AthencFum.
Finlay, John, 1782-lSlO, a native of Glasgow, and
j educated at the University of that city, was a poet of some
repute. 1. Wallace; or, The Vale of EUerslie; with other
Poems, Glasg., 1802, 12mo ; 1804, Svo. 2. Scottish Hist.
and Romantic Ballads; chiefly ancient, Edin., 1S08, 2 vols.
Svo. 3. Life of Cervantes.
" Ilis chief poem, 'Wallace; or, The Vale of EUerslie,' which was
written at the age of nineteen, is doubtless an imperfect compo-
sition ; but it displays a wonderful power of versification, and con-
tains many splendid descriptions of external nature. It possesses
both the merits and defects which we look for in the early compo-
sitions of true genius. . . . The collection of ' Historical and Ro-
mantic Ballads' entitles the name of Finlay to a place among
Scottish antiquaries, and to follow those of Walter Scott and Ro-
bert .Tamiesou." — Blackirond'.'; Mag., ii. 186, q. v. for a biographical
sketch and specimen of Finlay's poetry.
Finlay, John. 1. Churchwardens, Ac. in Ireland,
Dubl., Svo. 2. Landlord and Tenant in do., Svo. 3. Law
of Tithe in do., Svo. 4. Laws of Game, (fee.. Svo. 5. Law
of Renewals, 1822, Svo. 6. Digested Index to all the Irish
Rep. Cases in Law and Equity, 1S30, Svo.
Finlayson, Georg:e, surgeon and naturalist to Mr
Crawford's Mission to Siam and Hue, 1821, '22. An Ac
count of the Mission from the Journal of the late G. F., with
a Memoir of the Author, by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles,
Bart.
" We are satisfied of the accuracy with which he has recorded the
transactions oft his abortive mission." — Lon. Quar.Rev.,\x\iu.lO-i-
ISS.q.v. for an interesting account of this unsuccessful expedition,
Finlayson, James, D.D.. the colleague of Dr. Blair.
1. Serms., by Dr. Blair, with his Life. 2. Serms., with
Life and Character of the Author, Lon., 1809, Svo.
" In originality of thought and cogency of reasoning, we think
they will i<e found even superior to those of Blair." — British Critic
Finlayson, John. Admonition to all people, 1797,
Svo.
Finlayson, John, 1780-1S26, a native of the county
of Ayr, an eminent agriculturist. British Farmer and
Ploughman's Guide, Glasg., 1822, Svo: 2d ed., 1829.
"A verv useful and interesting work." — Brit. Birmer's Chron,
Fe}). 2J. l'82o.
*• With him everv thing is done on principle." — Brit. Farmer't
Ma(7.,M<n/, 1827.
Mr. F. made many improvements in agricultural imple-
ments, &c. See an interesting notice of him in Donald-
son's Agricult. Biog.
Finlayson, Joseph Andrews. Serm.
637
FIN
Finley, Robert, D.D., 1-^2-1817, a native of Prince-
toD, N. Jersey, elected President of the University of
Georgia, 1817, may be considered as the father of the
American Colonization Society. He pub. several serms.
and some papers on Colonization to Africa.
Finley, Samuel, D.D., 171o-176(i, a native of Ar-
magh, Irchmd, emigrated to Phihidclphia in 1734, elected
President of the College of N. Jersey in 17G1. He pub.
several serms. and theolog. treatises. 1741-57, and edited
the serms. of his predecessor, President Davies.
Finn, Henry J., 1782-1840. a native of the city of
^ew Yorlj, after devoting two years to the study of the
law, abandoned Colie and Blackstoue for the stage, and
made his first appearance at the H.iymarliot Theatre. Lon-
don. In 1811 he returned to Ameri'c.a, and obtained great
reputation as a comic actor. He perished in the conflagra-
tion of the steamboat Lexington, January 13, 1840. "Ho
pub. a Comic Annual, contributed to several periodicals,
wrote a drama entitled Montgomery, or the Falls of Mont-
morenci, which was acted and pub.,"!ind left a MS. tragedy,
specimens of which appeared in the A'ew York Mirror.
The bills of his benefit nights were
" Usually m.-nie up of the most extr.Hoidin.iry and inconceivable
puns, for %vhn'h bis own naniL- furnished prolific materials."— ii/e
(1/ Fmn hy Epes Sargent, iii Griswold's Biographical Annual, New
Jork, 1841, 12mo.
Finn, James, 1. Sephardim; or. The Hist, of the
Jews in Spain and Portugal, 1841, p. 8vo.
"Of all the hooks about the Jews (and trulv their name is le'-ion)
wnicli the modern press pours out on the world. Sephardim il the
most learned, the most accurate, the most romantic, .and the most
instructive."— CTi. nf Eng. (juar. Jiev.
2. Hist, of the Jews in China, Lon., 1843, 12mo
FinncUy, W. 1. Elections in Eng., Scot., and Ire.,
Lon., 1830, 12mo. 2.Reform Act, Dubl., 1832, 8vo. 3. Re-
ports: sec Clark, Ch.ihles.
Finnerty, Peter. Burdetfs Speeches, 1804. His
Case, 1811.
Finney, Charles G., Prest. of Oherlin Coll., Ohio,
was born in Litchtield co., Conn., in 1792. 1. Guide to the
Saviour, Oberlin, 16mo. 2. Lectures to Professing Chris-
tians, 3d ed.. Lon., 1839, 12mo. 3. Lectures on Revivals of
Religion, 13th ed., with Notes and Memoir, 1840, Svo In
America, six editions of 2000 copies each were sold, and
the sale still continues.
" Some useful thoughts."— Bickehsteth.
4. Serms. on Important Subjects, 1839, 12mo. 5. Skele-
tons of a Course of Theolog. Lectures, 1841, Svo 6 Lee
tares on Systematic Theology. New ed., with an Introduc.
by the Rev. (reorge Redford, D.D. New ed., 1851, Svo
Thl^'r'""""-^ deserving the attention and examination of British
wfi?'? ■ ' "■?■" ••!,"''!?''l« ""d seasonable contribution to Theo-
logical Science."— Rev. Geo. Kedford. D D
The Lectures to Professing Christians on Revivals of
Religion, and Serms. on Important Subjects, have been
pub. together in London, in 10 parts Svo
iC i^V ""' J*!""*'"" in ranking the Lectures on Reviv.ils. and
the work now before me. entitled Lectures to I'rofessing Christians
wTm^ Th '"' "Y^l'"?' l"--"^ y™'---^ have been presented o the
ft 1 .nHniiV?, w'!,"'^""'"' ""^ productions of a man full of
^lt;i w" ^u' "'"''"• "'■"^^ "■^ol" ■™"1 appears to be taken
VJ -, S^ '"' ""* ""'^'' °f ""S'™ "■"! tbe silVation of souls."
—KEY. J. llARKER.
A review by Prof Hodge of Mr. F.'s theological views,
will be found in the Princeton Biblical Repository for June
1847, and a biographical sketch of the author (Mr. F.) in
Uartlett s Modern Agitators. N. York, 1855, 12ma
Finney, John, D.D. Serm., 1746, 4to.
Fiott, John. East India Stock, 1791 'go '93
Firebrace, John. Serm., 1767 Svo' '
F""'/o 'iV'*'*' lfil''-1697. a Nonconformist divine, a
native of Suffolk, emigrated to New England and practised
physic; returned and became minister of Stratford Essex-
ejected 1062 He pub. several serms. and theolog. trea-
tises, 16_52-93, the best-known of which is The Real Chris-
tian, 16/ 0, 4to.
Firmiu, Thomas, 1632-1697, a native of Ip.swich,
eminent for his deeds of charity, was a Socinian. He was
an intimate friend of Archbishop Tillotson, .and generallv
esteemed. Some Proposals for the Employing the Pool-
especially in and about the City of London: and for the
Prevention of Begging, Lon., 1678, 4to
"The author's views Were sufficiently benevolent, but not very
enlai-ged. ■—D,m,ild.mn:t AgricuU. Bin/.
Firtli,Wm. A Saint's Monument; aSerm., 1662, 12mo.
!■ irth, Wm. 1. Case of Lord Thanet, Lon., 1799, Svo.
2 Letter to Bp. Bathurst, 1813, Svo. 3. Recent State Trials,
Fisgrave, Anthony. LL.D. Midas ; or a Serious In-
quiry into Taste and Genius, Lon., ISUS/Svo. ''^"°"' ^°
FIS
Fish, Henrj-, of Middleton. Serm., 1737, Svo
Fish, Henry Clay, D,D. b.l820, in Halifax, Vermont,
Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Newark, N.J 1
Primitive Piety Revived : a Prize Essay, Boston,' I'sao'
12mo. 20.000 sold in two years. 2. History and Re-
pository of Pulpit-Eloquence, N.Y., 1850, 2 vols Svo
" Kvery minister needs these volumes as illustrating the rules
of sacred rhetunc and fiirnishing rich nntriment to his mind and
heart." — Biblwtheca Sacra.
3. Pulpit-Eloquence of the XIX. Century, 1S57, Svo.
4. Select Disc, from the German and French," 1S5S. 12mo.
Fish, Simon, d. about 1531, a native of Kent, educated
at Oxford, was a zealous promoter of the English Reforma-
tion. 1. The Supplicacyon for the Beggars, 1526, Svo.
This satire upon the Popish clergy was answered by Sir
Thomas More in his Supplication of Souls in Purgatory.
2. The Sum of the Scriptures; trans, from the Dutch, 153o!
3. The Boke of Merchants. 4. The Spiritual Nosegay.
" And thj-B good zele liad ye wote w-ell Symon Fishe hadVhen
lie made the t-upplicacio' of beggers. But God gaue him suche
grace afterwarde yt he was aory for that good zcale and repented
Iiymsclfe, and came into the church agayne, and forsok and for-
aware all the whole hill of these heresyes, ont of which the monn-
t.-iin of that same good zeale epriige."— 5ir Thomas Mr.rr's Works
ed. fol.. Lon., 1657, p. 8S1, col. 1. See Athen. Oxon., ed. Bliss, i 60
tishacre, or Fizacre, Richard, d. 124S, a Domi-
nican, studied at Oxford, and Leland thinks, also at Paris,
with Robert Bacon. Leland gives a list of theolog. trea-
tises by Fishacre.
Fisher. School for Ingratitude; a Com., 1748, Svo.
Fisher's Admirable Hist,, Illustrations of the Bible,
the Waverley Novels, the Drawing Room, and Juvenile
Scrap Books, &c., are deservedly admired by all who can
appreciate artistic excellence.
Fisher, Admiral, R.N. 1. The Petrel; a Tale of the
Se.a, Lon., 1S50, 3 vols. p. Svo.
2. Ralph Rutherford; a Nautical Romance, 1S51, 3 vols
p. Svo.
'• Admiral Fisher's interesting nautical tale of Ralph Rutherford
IS n worlhy memher of (he -Marryat class, full of animated scenes,
serious and droll, with the halo of a love-story thrown around it."
—Uniled Service Giuette.
Fisher, A. New Grammar, 1753, Svo. Improved by
J. Wilson, 1792, Svo. Enlarged by a relative, ISOl, Svo.
Fisher, Alexander. Journal' of a Voyage of Dis-
covery to the Arctic Regions. Lon.. 1821, Svo.
Fisher, Alexander M., 1794-1822. Prof, of Mathe-
mat, in Yale rollegc, a native of Franklin, JIass., was
wrecked on the coast of Ireland, 1822, and lost. Papers
on Mathematics and Natural Philos. in Silliman's Journal.
Fisher, Ambrose. Defence of the Liturgy of the
Ch. of England. Lon., 1630, 4to.
Fisher, Caroline M. See SAwrEn.
Fisher, Daniel, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1784, Svo.
Fisher, Edward, a Calvinistic divine, educated at
Oxford. 1. Appeal to thy Conscience, Oxf., 1644, 4to.
2. Feast of Feasts, 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. The Marrow of
Modern Divinity, 1644, Svo. By Rev. J. Hogg, Edin.,
1720, Svo. With Notes by Thos. Boston, 1722-26. 2 vols.
Svo. The republication of this work excited a warm con-
troversy in the Church of Scotland. 4. A Christian Caveat
to the Old and New Sabbatarians, 1050, '53, 4to. Answered
by Dr. Ceilings and Giles Collier. 5. Answer to 16 Queries.
Printed with the Christian Caveat, 1665.
"He became a noted person among the learned for his great
reading in ecclesiastical history, and in the fathers, and li.r his ad-
mirable skill in thcGreek and Hebrew Langua-es."— J(/„,i. Orr,,,
Fisher, George. Educational works, Lon., 1845, <tc.
Fisher, Henry. Discord; an Epic Poem, 1794, 4to
Fisher, J. 15. 1. Pathetic Tales, Poems, Ac, ISILS,
12mo. 2. Poetical Rhapsodies, 1S18, Svo. 3. The Her-
mitage, a Poem. 12mo.
Fisher, J. F. Early Poets of Penn.sylv.ania.
Fisher, J. T., Surgeon. Asthma, 6tii ed., 1810.
Fisher, James. The Wise Virgin; or a Wonderful
Narrative concerning Sarah Hatfield, Lon., 1653, 12mo:
1654, '64.
Fisher, James. Poems, Essays, Ac, 1790-1810
Fisher, James. The Assembly's Shorter Catechism
E.xplained, by J. F., Eb. Ei-skine, &c., 17th ed., 1813, 12mo.
lishcr, Jasper, D.D. Fuimus Trees, jEneid. 2. The
True Trojans, Lon., 1633, 4to. Thisplay is in Dodsley's Coll.
Fisher, John, 1459-1535, a native of Beverley, York-
shire, was educated at Michael House, now Triiii"ty Coll.,
Camb., of which he became Fellow, Proctor, and Master!
He was chaplain and confessor to Margaret, Countess of
Richmond, and was the Margaret Prof, of Divinity, 1502;
Bishop of Rochester, 1504. He was a zealous opponent
ol the Reformation, and could not bo persuaded by Henry
\11L to approve of that monarch's divorce from Catherine
ris
FIS
and marriage to Anne Bolcyn. _^TI>e kmg had a sharp jn-- ' ^^^P' j^.-- ;-,,,:,i;,;--H„-t,;VeTof rh, K.-t m.u in the iutervafbeinB
' expreF-i the "reat sufloriogs that ho had endured for his loyalty;
, = , , .V 1, .• . " 1 .u- 1 ,„ 1 but his iKilralile Hntteries of the Knat mi-u in the iuterval being
guraeut always ready for the obstinate, and this learncU ^^t^^j^uJij, '|^^o„„. he could ol.tain imthini; hut what his wits pro-
andexeellcnt man was murdered — i.e. beheaded — by kingly | cured, lived always poor, as not know in;; the true value of money,
command, June 22, 1535, which sad act, rightly says Bishop : and void of a prudential loresight. and lunninf; himself much in
Burnet, - left one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's debt, endured several years imprisonment m the Fleet, and he-
,. .. Ti 1, 1. 1. 1 t,.f„i;=„a ' came the object of charity. He had a very Kood command of the
ceedmg.s. He pub. some serms and theolog. treatises, , J^Xn p^n; it being, as 'twere, natural to him, and was esteemed
proc ...
a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man. A collective edit, of his works was
pub. at Wurtiburg in 1595, fol. The early edits, of his
Treatise cone, the Fruitful Sayings of David, 1508, '09,
'25, '29, 4to, are of considerable p8cuniar.y value, and his
serms. on the Countess of Richmond and on Henry VII.
were sold some years since at an auction in London for
£9 9«. each. The Life of Bishop Fisher was pub. by Dr.
Bailey in 1655. A new Life, by the Rev. John Lewis,
author of the Life of Wickliffe, Ac, prepared from the ori-
ginal MS. and prefaced by an Introduction, by T. Hudson
Turner, may he shortly expected. ,Since writing the above
this work has been pub., Lon., IS55, 2 vols. 8vo, uniformly
printed with the Clarendon Press eds. of the author's other :
biographical works, Strype's Lives, Ac. Erasmus gives a
noble character of this ornament of England:
'■ Reverendus Episcopus Koffeusis, vir nou solflm mirabili inte;xri- [
tate vitje, verilm etiam alta et recondita doctrina, turn morum
quoque inoredibiii .imitate commendatus maximis pariter ac mi-
nimis. Aut e;;re^'ie fallor. aut is vir est unus. cum quo nemo sit
hac tempestate idiiferendus, vel iutegritate vitae, vel eruditione,
vet animi ma'.;nitudine."
Fisher, John, an English Jesuit, whose true name was
Peircy, was a native of Yorkshire. He became a Jesuit in
1594, and was living in 1611. 1. Treatise of Faith, Lon.,
1600. 2. Defence of do., 1612. .3. Challenge to Protest-
ants, 1612. 4. Answer to some points of Controvers.y. His
Conference with Laud was first pub. in 1624. with AV'hite's
answer to Fisher's reply to K. James I. Laud's Conierence
with Fisher, 6th ed., will be found in the new ed. of Laud's
works, vol. ii., Oxf., 1S49. For other controversial tracts
in answer to Fisher, see Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and sec
Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Fisher, John. Serms., 172.1, Svo.
FisUer, John, Vicar of St. Laurence. 15 Serms. on
Bevcral Subjects, 1741, Svo.
Fisher, John, Vicar of St. John's in Peterborough.
On Perjury; a Serm., Lon., 17.^).'3, 4to.
Fisher, John. The Valley of Llanherne (Cornwall)
and other Pieces of Verse, Istll, 12mo.
Fisher, John, 174S-1S25. a native of Hampton, edu-
cated at Peterhouse, Camb., Bishop of Salisbury, 1S07. A
Charge, 1805, 4to. Serm., 1806, 4to. Serm., 1807, 4to.
Fisher, Jonathan. A Picturesque Tour of Killarney.
With 20 Views, Map. ic, Lon., 1791, foL
Fisher, Joseph. Marriage; a Serm., 1695, 4to.
Fisher, Rev. Joseph. 1. Remarks rel. to Lindsey's
Scrip. Confutation, 1775, Svo. Priestley's Philos. Necess.,
1779, 12mo.
Fisher, Joseph, M.D. Practice of Medicine made Easy,
Lon., 1785, Svo. CoalAVorks; Trans. R. Irish Acad., v. 266.
Fisher, Miss Kitty. 1. The Juvenile Adventures
of, Lon., 1759, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Her Miscellany, with a
Dramatic Serm. by two Methodist Preachers, 1760, Svo.
Fisher, Myles, d. 1819, aged 71, a lawyer of Phila-
delphia, a member of the Society of Friends, pub. an
answer to Paine's Age of Reason,
" He was a man of science, and an eloquent orator." — AJhn's
Amer. Biorj. Diet.
Fisher, Xathaniel, 1742-1S12, Episcopal minister
at Salem. Mass.. 1781-1812, was a native of Dedham,
Mass. .Serms., ISIS, Svo.
Fisher, Payne, or, as he styled himself in his Latin
pieces, Paganus Piseator, 1616-93, a native of Dorsetshire,
was educated at Hart Hall, Oxf., and Magdalen Coll,
Carab. He served in the army in the Netherlands, and
subsequently in Ireland and England, where he was ad-
vanced to the rank of Major. In 1044 he served at the
siege of York, and was present at the battle of Marston
Moor, which he " celebrated in his first published i>oem,"
1650, 4to. He subsequently joined the Parliamentarians,
and became poet-laureate to Cromwell. Wood gives a long
list of his pieces, and, of course, speaks of him with undis-
guised contempt:
" Beiufi destitute of means and money, he retired in private to
London, lived there by his wits, favoured by his pen the successful
retjellion, and, as a true time server, (incident to most poets.l iogi-.v
tiated himself so much with the preat men then in power, that he
did homsijie to. and became at length poet-Iaureat (or. as he himself
used to sav, scribbler) to Oliver, the protector of Kngland, a pre-
tended lover of musicians and poets; but the niggardliness and
■ ■ " * 1 .act
„. pen; .- ^,
by many judicious persons an excellent Latin poet, as many things
of that faculty, which he wrote purposely to flatter groat persons
to obtain rewards, shew." — Athm. Oxon.
A collection of his poems was pub. in 1663, Svo. His
Book of Heraldry was pub. in 16S2, and an account of
The Tombs, Monuments, ic. in St. Paul's and St. Faith's,
in 1684, 4to.
Fisher, Peter. Monies raised in Suffolk, 1648.
Fisher, Philip, D.D., Master of Charterhouse. Serm.
on Eccles. ii. 1, Lon., 1811, 4to.
Fisher, R. T. Act rel. to Wills, Lon., 1837, 12mo.
Fisher, Richard Barnard. 1. Copyhold Tenure,
Lon., 1794, Svo; 2d ed., 1S03. 2. Sketch of Lisbon,
ISll. 12uio. 3. Importance of the Cape of Good Hope, 1S14.
Fisher, Robert. Serm., Prov. xxiii. 23. Tractari-
anism opposed to Truth, the Safety of the Ch., Ac, Lon.,
1843, Svo.
Fisher, Roger. Heart of Oak the British Bulw.ark,
Lon., 171)3, 4to. Advocates the propagation of Oak Tim-
ber, Ac. See Evelyn, John; title Sijh'a.
Fisher, Samnel, a Quaker. The Testimony of Truth
Exalted; consisting of several Treatises, Lon., 1679, fol.
Fisher, Thomas. Warlike Directions; or, the Sol-
dier's Practice, Lou., 1643, 4to.
Fisher, Thomas. 1. Bedlordshire Antiquities, 1836,
sm. fol. £S S»., and r. fol. £10 10». Nos. 1, 2, 3, h,ad been
pub. in 1812, '13, r. 4to. The subjects are for the most
part inedited, and consist of Churches, Priories, Castles,
Old Houses, Door Ways, Monuments, Brasses, Tombs,
Fonts, Crosses, Ancient Sculpture, and Miscellaneous Anti-
quities. An Index is prefixed, with paginal references to
Lyson's History of the County.
2. Warwickshire Antiquities. (First part, 1S07-09, foL,
3 pts. not completed; 33 plates.) Edited by John Gough
Nichols, 1836, r. foh £10 10s.
'•The ancient fresco paintings are especiiiUy curious, as having
been executed in England in an age of which, according to the
opinion of Walpole in his History of fainting, no specimens of the
Art existed. Only 120 copies were printed, and that number can-
not now he increased without an enormous expense, as many of
the plates have been destroyed." — Lon. Gent. Mag.
Fisher, Thomas. Dial of the Seasons, Phila., Svo.
Fisher, \\m. Serm., Lon., 15S0, 4to; do. 1592, Svo.
Fisher, Wni. Serm.. 1716, Svo.
Fishlake, J. R. 1. Greek Grammar, Lon., Svo. 2.
Cat. of Irreg. Greek Verbs, 2d ed., 1844, Svo.
" Hut tman's Catalogue con tainsall those prominent irregularities
so fully and fundamentally investigated, that 1 was convinced a
translation of them would piove a valuable assistant to every
lover and student of Greek literature."— /'rc/ace.
3. Lexilogus: Greek Words and Passages in Homer,
Hesiod, Ac, 3d ed., 1S46, Svo.
'•.\ most able disquisition. It contains a deeper and more criti-
cal knowledge of Oieek, more extensive research, and more sound
judgment, than we ever remember to have seen in any one work
before."— Z.OH. QuarlfHi/ R.-view.
4. Larger Greek Grammar, 3d ed., by Supf, 1S48, Svo.
Fisk, Prof. Educational works, pub. in Boston, Mass.
I Fisk, George. An Analysis of Coke upon Littleton,
' in a Scries of Questions to be answd. by the Student, Lon.,
1824, Svo.
'•This work cannot fail to be inestimable to the student desirous
of a thorough knowledge of the first Institute."- i/o/Zmaifs Leg.
St,(.. 2:;0.
Fisk, Pliny, 1792-1S25, a native of Massachusetts, a
distinguished missionary in the East, who died of a fever
at Beyroot, prepared an English and Arabic Dictionary,
and pub. several papers in the Missionary Herald. See
Alvin Bond's Life of Pliny Fisk. 182S, 12mo.
Fisk, Wilbur, D.D., d. 1S39, aged 46. first President
of the Weslevan University, Middletown, Conn., an emi-
nent Method'ist divine, pub. several theolog. and educa-
tional works, and a vol. of Travels in Europe, which has
had a wide circul.ation, and been greatly admired. See
Life of Dr. Fisk by Prof. Iloldich, N. York, 1842, Svo,
Fiske, Mrs. Records of Fashion, 4to, in Nos,
Fiske, John, 1601-1677, first minister of Wenham
and Chelmsford, Mass. The Olive Branch Watered; a
Catechism.
Fiske, Jonathan. 1. His Case, Lon., 1781, Svo.
2. Life and Transactions of .Marq. Nicolson, 1786, Svo.
Fiske, Nathan W., Prof, of Amherst Coll., d. 1S47,
in Palestine. 1. Manual of Classical Literature, based
incompetency of his reward shewed that he was a personatei
of greatness, and that private Cromwell did govern prince Oliver. , , ., , r t t t^ i i -.i i
After his majesty's restoration he turned about, endeuvomod to . upon the German work of J. J. Eschenburg, with large
FIS
addits. and a sup. vol. of platea, Phila., 1836; 4th edit.,
J843. The first three parts were pub. separ.itcly, under
the title of Classical Anticjiutics, 8vo. 2. Young Peter's
Tour around the World, N. York, 16mo. 3. Slory of
Aleck; or, The Hist, of Pitcairn's Island, Boston, 18mo.
"His talunis were, undoubtedly, of a hi','hl.v respectJililo order
his modesty remarkable, while the bijrh-t.med principles of honour
which Koverned his actions, and the meekness, humility, and
other Cliristian virtues which adorned his character, were such as
to endear bim to those who were actiuaiuted with him." — Edwakd
C. Bll.DLE, of Phila.
FIT
Fiske, Nathan, D.D., 1733-1799, minister of Brook-
field, Mass. Scrms., ic, 1775-1.501.
Fiske, Oliver, d. 1S37, aged 74. Medical Essays;
Miscellaneous papers.
Fissen, Major J. P. The Warning: on War, 1806.
Fistoil, Will, (i.riuaine Empire, 1695, 4to.
Fitch, Rt'v. Elijah, 1745-17SS, educated at Yale
Coll., was settled at llopkinton, iMass., where he died in
the 17th year of bis ministry. Poems: The Beauties of
Religion; The Choice; Providence, 1789.
Fitch, J. Receipts for making Wines, Lon., 1815.
Fitch, Jabez, 1672-1746, minister of Portsmouth,
N. Hampshire. .Serms., 1727-36. He made Collections
rel. to X. H., to which Dr. Bclkn.ap had access.
Fitch, John, 1743-1798. a native of Windsor, Con-
necticut, gained more celebrity than profit by his applica-
tion of "steam power to water craft." His first experi-
ment with a steamboat (the Perseverance) on the Delaware
Kiverwas made May 1, 1787. See a description of it Ijy Dr.
Thornton, (Eminent .Mechanics, p. 32.) .and a Life of Fitch
hy Charles Whittlesey, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Second
Series, vi. 81. 1. The Original Steamboat supported, Ac,
Phila., 1788, 8to. This is against Rumsey's claim to pri-
ority, as asserted in his pamphlet. Joshua Barnes pub.
an answer to Fitch, espousing Rumsey's claim, in the same
year, 8vo. 2. An E.i£plan. for keeping a Shi[>'s Traverse
at Sea by the Columbian Ready Reckoner, Lon., 1793.
"The diagrams and explanations contained in this book of
twenty pages show a high mathematical talent, and a |>ift of .sim-
plification and order truly remarkable in a self tau"ht mind ''—
W/nUleaei/s Bioff., itln supra.
In 1858 was pub. Life of John Fitch, the Inventor of the
Steambo.at, by Thompson Westcott, Phila., 12mo, pp 415
"The hook will weU reward perusal; for many of his persona!
adventures are stranger than most Action, while the detiiils with
reference to the early history of steam-navig.ation are ciiious and
bear all the marks of dihgeut and thorough research."— Iv. Amer
Jiev., .July. 1S5S, o,s3_
Fittlcr, James. Scotia Dcpicta. Lon., 1804, 4to
Fitton, \Vm., M.D. Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc, 1811.
Fitz, Asa. Schi.id-Books, pub. iu Boston.
Fitz-Albion. His Letters to the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt
and the Rt. Hon. H. Addington, Lon.. 1804 Svo
Fitz-Urian, B. The (iood Old Cause, 1657. 4to.
Fitzclarence, Jut.-Col., Earl of Mimster. Jour-
nal oi a Route across In.lia. through Egypt, to England, in
1S17, 18, 4to; 1819, 4to. Bought up hy the noble author.
"A lively and interesting narrative."— ton. Quar. Hn
"Full of various intrfligence."— Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Fitzcotton, Henry. New and acciir.ate trans, of
the First Book of Homer's Iliad. Dubl., Lon. 174M hvo
, .^I"^"<^^«"''>'' Of Fitz-Geoflry, Charles,' 1575-
Ib36. a native of Cornwall, educated at Broad^atcs Hall
0.xf , became Rector of St. Dominick, in his own county'
1. The Life and Death of Sir Francis Drake ; a Poem Oxf
1596, 12mo. 2. Affania! sive Epigrammata, Lib. III., ami
Ccnotaphi.a, Lib. L, 1601, Svo. He appears, also, to have
been the author of a prose tract, entitled, A Curse for
Corne-hordcrs, 1631, 4to, and a religious poem called The
Blessed Birth-day, 1634, '36, 4to; 1654, sm. Svo. He also
pub. some serms., and wrote commendatory lines to several
publications. Wood erroneously ascribes to hiin the col-
lection of poetry entitled, Choyeest Flowers, Ac, known
as England's Parnassus, which belongs to Allot; but, as
Dr. Bliss suggests, Fitz-Gefl^ry may have assisted the for-
mer. Fitz-Gefifry was highly esteemed by his contempo-
raries. In the following linos we have both his mental
and physical portrait:
*■ Blind Poet Ilumer you doe equalize,
Thouj-h he sjiw moie with none, then with most eyes.
Our Oeoffry Chaucer, who wrote quaintly neat.
In verse you match, equal! him in conce'it :
Featur'd you are like Homer in one eve.
Rightly surnam'd the Sonne of tieotTery."
,1 -c-i H.iyma7i-x Qurdmcts. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon
*it7,geffrey obtained the applauses of many contemporaries for
tliK reliKious strains, and not without deservine them, since he
seems to have performed better than most others what human
mtellect can never adequately accomplish."— See Athen. Oxon ;
JJibUrra her "^ '^'"^"''"° roetarum; Censura Liteiaria; Brit.
6UU
Satyres and Epigrams,
Fitz-Gcffrey, Henry.
1617, '20.
Fitzgerald, tord. His Letter discovering a Plot
to Kill ProtestJinls in Ireland, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Fitzgerald, Edward. The Regent's Feat; a Poem,
ISI ] , 4t<).
Fitzgerald, George Robert. 1. Appeal to The
Jockey Club, Lon., 1775, Svo. 2. Reply to T. Walker,
1775, Svo. 3. Appeals, Ac. 4. Doctrine of Indict, at Com-
mon Law, Ac, Dubl., 1782, Svo. 5. The Riddle, Lon..
1787, 4to. '
Fitzgerald, Gerald, D.D., Hebrew Prof, in Dublin
University. 1. The Academic Sportsman ; a Poem, Dubl
4to; Lon., 1773. 2. Origin.ality and Permanence of the
Biblical Hebrew, Dubl., 1796, Svo.
" The object of Dr. I'itzgerald. in this volume, is to prove the di-
vine origin of the Hebrew language, and that its letters hare un-
dergone no change. . . . Thereareconsiderablelearningandacute-
ness discovered in this tract; but several of its positions wUl not
be assented to by scholars."— Orm*'.? BM. Bib.
3. Poems, Svo. 4. A Hebrew Grammar for the use of
the Students of the Univ. of Dublin, 1799, Svo.
■ "i'^ ^v',"' '^''^' *'"' useful introduction to the Hebrew tongue,
in hnglish. for the use of students in our Universities, and par-
ticularly in the University of Dublin."— ion. Mmllihi Ilev.
"The author has pursued an intei-mediate method between
adopting all the Masoretic rites and rejecting them all to.^etber, -
VIZ.. by retaining the vowel points, and such of the a.-cents as are
most distinguishable and useful, and omitting all the other ac-
cents, (the number of which is considerable,) which he deems
wholly unnecessary in the present state of the Hebrew tongue "—
Homes Bibl. Bib. ^
Fitzgerald, James. Poetical Pastimes, 1811, Svo
Fitzgerald, John. Tracts on the Popish Plot,'
16S1, fol.
Fitzgerald, Keane. Letter to the Directors E. I.
Comjiany, Lon., 1777, Svo. Steam Engine, Ac, Phil
Trans., 1757-S2. , "".
Fitzgerald, Kev. P. The Hist., Topog., and Antiq.
of Limerick, Ac, hy the Rev. P. F. and I. I. McGregor.
Dubl., 1826, '27, 2 vols. Svo.
Fitzgerald, Preston. The Spaniard and Siorlamb,
and other Poems, 1810, Svo. Spain Delivered, and other
Poems, 1813. Svo.
Fitzgerald, Samuel, M.D. Con. to Med. Com.,
Fitzgerald, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and other works,
1S39-51.
Fitzgerald, Wm. Thomas. Prologues and Epi-
logues, 17113. Other poetical pieces. 1793-1S14.
Fitz-Gibbon, John, Earl of Clare. See Clare
Fitzgibbons, John. Cases in K. B., C. P., Ex and
Ch., 1728-33, Lon., 1732, fol.
"It isof no authority. "—Lord UARDvacKE.
" The cases in this Ixiok are very incorrectly reported."— Can;?
The learned Judge excepted certain cases from these
censures : see Wallace's Reporters ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Fitzhcury, James. Observ. on passages from jf.
Barclti's Jimr. from London to Genoa, Lon., 1770, Svo
Fitzherbert, Mir Anthony, d. 153S, an eminent
lawyer, a native of Norbury, Devonshire, was educated at
O.xford; Justice of the Court of C. Pleas, 1523. 1. Le
Graunde Abridgement, Lon., 1514, '16. '65, '77, fol. This
valu.able work contains a digest of all the cases in the Year
Books down to the 21 Hen. VII., "painfully and elabo-
rately collected," and Ca.ses from the reigns of Rich. IL,
Edw. I. .and II., Hen. III., and m.aiiy readings and origi-
nal authorities. It is most probable that Statham's Abridge-
ment was pub. before Fitzherbert's.
"The character of the Abiidgements of Fitzherbert and Brooke
[see liiioOKE. Sm KocERT, in this Dictionary] m.ay be summed up
in a tew words. They are mere indexes, under general heads of
the principal adjudged cases up to their own times, in which the
points are accurately stated, but without any attention to order
or any attempt at classiflcation. As repositories of the old law'
they now niaintain a very considerable value, and may be con-
sulted with advantage. Whoever examines them (for a thorough
prus:il of them will be a mere waste of time) will probably fjel
inclined, when he can. to ascend to the original sources; hut if
the.se shoud not be within his reach, he may rely with confidence
that these learned judges have not indulged themselves in a care-
less transcription or a loose statement of the law. In our own
practice we have frequently found them the safest guides to the
old law. and particularly to the contents of the Year Books"—
JtiME Stoev: a-. Amer. Ifev.. art. Dane's Abrittfft. ofAmir Law
See also Marvin's Leg. Bibl., and authorities there re-
ferrcd to. In Fulbeck's Preparative will be found a com-
parison drawn between the Abridgements of Brooke and
Fitzherbert. 2. L'Oflice et Auctoritie de Justices de Peace
Written in French in 1514, trans, into English in 1538-
enlarged by Richard Crompton, 15S7, 4to. See Cnoiip-
TON, Richard. Many eds. before and since this date
FIT
Kew ed.. 1704. 2 vols. r. Svo. The pHs. Itctwccn 1653 and
17IS vary but little. 'A. The Buke of Husbandiie, 1523, 4to. [
Many eds. This is the first work in the Enj^lish language ■
entirely devoted to agriculture. 4. The IJokc of Survey- |
ing and Improueincts, 152;^, 4t() ; several eds. Respecting
these works, see Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 5. La Novel |
Natura Brevlum, 1534, Svo. Between this and the New ,
Natura Brcvium, 9th ed., so called, with a Comment, j
ascribed to Sir Matthew Hale, twenty imprints appeared. !
For particulars of eds., tfec. of this and Sir Anthony's '
other works, see Marvin's Leg, Bibl. ; Bibl. Brit.; Lown-
des's Bibl. Man.
'•The Natura Brevium is esteemed an exact work, excellently
well pt-nn'd. and hath been much admired by the noted men in
the common law." — Ath^ir. Oxon.
'■ An exact work. exqui>itfly penned." — Lord Coke.
*' He is observed in this book never to cite any authority but
where the case is rare and doubtful; following herein the ^'reat
example of Sir Tho. Littleton in bis Cimous Treatise on Tenures.
It was carefully reviewed and corrected by W. iJastal, who added
a table and some pi'oper ornaments to what its excellent author
seems to have left unfini.'Jhed." — Blshoj) Nicvlso7i*s Eng. Hist.
Lib., 191).
The Boke of Husbandrie has been ascribed to another
Anthony Fitzherbert, and also to John Fitzherbert, Sir
Anthony's brother, but we think in both cases without
sufficient reason. See Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.j Shaw'a
Staffordshire ; Eridgman's Leg. Bibl.
Fitzherhert, E, H. See Falconer, Thowas.
Fitzherbert, Nicholas, 15oti?-lfil2, grandson of the
preceding, educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf., was a zealous !
Roman Catholic, and became secretary to Cardinal Alan. I
1. Casae Galatiei de Bonis Moribus. liume, 1595. A trans, j
from the Italian. 2. Oxoniensis in AngUa Academias De- I
scriptio, 1602. Svo. 3. De Antiquitate et Continuatione I
Catholica? Religionis in Anglia, 16U8, '38, Svo. 4. Vitte ,
Cardinalis Alani Epitome, 160S. i
"Accounted eminent for his knowledge in both the laws and in
human literature." — Athem. Oimi.
Fitzherbert, Thomas, 1552-1640, cousin of the pre-
ceding, and also a zealous Roman Catholic, was educated
at Oxford. In 1614 he became a Jesuit at Rome, and was
Rector of the English College in that city for 23 years.
He pub. a Treatise concerning Policy and Religion, Doway,
1606-10, 4to, and several tracts in defence of his Church,
for a list of which see Athen. Oxon.
Fitzherbert, Sir Wm., 174S-1791. of the same
family as the preceding, was educated at St. John's Coll.,
Camb. 1. On the Knights Made in 1778. Ascribed to
him. 2. Revenue-Laws. 3. Maxims.
Fitzhugh, George. Sociology for the South; or,
The Failure of Free Suciety, Richmond, 1S55, 12mo.
Fitzhiigh, Wm. Henry, 1792-1 S.-^O, V. Pres.of Amer.
Colonization Society. 1. Essays : Ojiinions in favour of the
Amer. C<d. Soc, pub. in Richmond Inquirer, 1826. 2.
Speech at 9rh Anniversary Amer. Col. Soc. 3. Review of
Tazewell's Report in Afric. Repos., 1828.
Fitz-James, James, Duke of Berwick. See Ber-
wick.
Fitz-James, Oswald. The Wandsworth Epistle.
In Metre, Lnn., 1762, 4to.
Fitz- John, Matilda. Joan!!! a Nov.. 1796. 4 vols.
Fitzosborne, Sir Thomas, i. e. 31elmoth, Wm.,
q. V.
Fitzpatrick, H. Penal Laws affecting R. Catholics ;
pub. by order of the Catholic Committee, Dubl., 1812, Svo.
Fitzpatrick, Sir Jeremiah. Slave Trade, 1797.
Fitzpatrick, John, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1784.
Fitzpatrick, K. W, Railway Rights, Lon., 18-16, 8vo.
Fitzsimon, Henry, 1569-1644. a native of Dublin,
educated at Oxford, was a zealous Jesuit. He wrote a Jus-
tification of the Mass, 1611, 4to. a Cat. of the Irish Saints,
1621, Svo, and some other theolog. treatises, in defence of
his faith. See Athen. Oxon.
" The most noted Jesuit of his time." — JThi supra.
Fitzsmith, Richard. Ephemeris for 1654, 12mo.
Fitzroy, Capt. Robert. See Darwix. Charles.
Fitzstephen, Wm., d. about 1191, an English histo-
rian, was a monk of Canterbury, and a devoted adherent
of Archbishop Becket, whose Life he compiled in Latin
under the title of The Life and Passion of Archbishop
Becket, written, according to Dr. Pegge, between 1170 and
1 182. To this work is prefixed a description of the city of
London, the earliest we have after Domet^day Book, a trans.
of which was pub. by Stowe in his Survey of London.
This edition being obsolete, and, indeed, incorrect, Dr.
Pegge pub. in 1772, 4fo, an edit, with the Latin and Eng-
lish, a Commentary, a Dissert, on the Author, and various
Readings and Annotations.
FLA
" We rrav i-hnllonfre any nation inEumpe to produce an accnunt
of its capital, or any account of it.s preat cities, at so remote a pe-
riod as the twelfth century." — Dr. Pkoije.
Fitzwaters, Col. Petition to II. Cora., 1642, 4to.
Fitzwilliam, Charles William, Earl, in conjunc-
tion with Sir Richard Buurke, edited the Correspondence
of Edmund Burke, 1774-97, Lon., 1844, 4 vols. Svo.
Reprinted in the new ed. of Burke's Works and Corresp.,
1852, 8 vols. Svo.
Fitzwilliam, G. W. The Pleasures of Love, from
the Asiatic and European Languages, 1806; 2d ed., im-
proved.
'• His orijrinal poems are few in number, but they display both
taste and penius." — Anti-Jacnhin Rn\. 1806.
F'itzwilliam, John, D.D.. Canon of "Windsor. Serm.,
Lon.. ICS."^, 4to. Do., 1686. ]2mo.
Fitzwilliam, William Wentworth, Earl, 1748-
18:i;J, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1794-95. Two Letters
to the Earl of Carlisle, explaining the Causes of his Recall
from Ireland, 1795, 8vo.
Fizerburtus, Nic. See Fitzherbert.
Fizes, M. Suppuration, Lon., 1759, Svo.
Flagg, Edmund, born in Wicasset, Maine, in 1815;
graduated at Bowdoin Coll., 18.S5; admitted to the i>ar,
18;i7; edited the St. Louis Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1S3S;
associate editor with George D. Prentice of the Louisville
Literary News-Letter, 1838-39; practised law in Vieks-
burg, Miss., with the Hon. Sargent S. Prentiss, 1840, Ac. ;
conductor of the Gazette, pub. at Marietta, Ohio, 1842;
conducted the St. Louis Evening Gazette, 1844-45 ; subse-
quently Reporter of the Courts of St. Louis county ; secre-
tary to the Hon. Edward A. Haunegan, American Minister
to Berlin, 1848; subsequently practised law at St. Louis;
U. States Consul for the Port of Venice, 1850; subsequently
conductor of a democratic newspaper at St. Louis.
In 1836 Mr. Flagg wrote Sketches of a Traveller, for the
Louisville Journal; these papers were afterwards pub. in
a work entitled The Far We.=t. N. York, 1S3S. 2 vols. His
other works are — Carrero, or the Prime Minister : a Novel ;
Francois of Valois: a Novel; The Howard Queen : a No-
vel; Blanche of Artois: a Novel; several other novels, and
some dramas; Venice, The City of the Sea, 1797-1849. N.
York, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. A third vol., to be entitled North
Italy since 1S49, will shortly be given to the world. See
Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Those who would have
a vivid conception of Venice in her latter days must not
fail to read Mr. Flagg's City of the Sea.
"A carefully-conipiled. poetically-written digest of the history
of glorious old Venice." — N.Y. KtiickerbocKer.
Flagg, J. F, B., M.D.. a resident of Philadelphia,
was b. in Boston, Mass., 1804. Ether and Chloroform:
their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery,
Therapeutics, &q., Phila., 1851, 12mo. This work has
been highly commended.
Flagg, Wilson. Studies in Field and Forest, Bost.,
1856, rjmo. Highly commended by Lon. Critic, Ac.
Flaherty, or O'Flaherty, Roderic, an Irish his-
torian, a native of MoycuUin, county of Galway. Ogygia,
seu Rerum Hibernicarum Chromdogia, Lon., 1685, 4to.
Trans, into Eng. by Rev. James Hely, Dubl., 1793, 2 vols.
Svo. See an account of this work in ^yare's Ireland, by
Harris, and in Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib. Flaherty
was something like an antiquarian : the Christian era was
with him quite a modern date. Let us see what he pro-
mised the Duke of Y'ork : the italics are our own :
"His patron, the then Duke of York, afterwards Kin;^ .Tames
the Second, is encoura<:ed to expect a complete chain of his royal
ancestors in a right line of an hundred and fwni ti/-f our gevpra lions
from Adam ; vj/in-mfelevp-n were h'/'rrr- (he J1"f>d. twenty-i^'w between
that epocha and their settlement here, tifty-one in Ireland, and
tbirty-six in Scotland: but afterwards he seems not to lie sure of
making out the re^ial stem, without interruption, for above 2700
years." — Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib.
What a sad falling off! Quite a modern affair, after all.
"Dr. Loftus said that among all the chronolotrical treatises of
Ireland whirh he had perused, he found none written with that
exactness. dilij;ence. and judjrment. as this.*' — Wire's Jrelond.
Flamsteed, John, 1646-1719, the first royal astro-
nomer, a native of Denby, Derby.'-hirc, was ordained by
Bishop Gunning in 1675, and received the living of Bur-
stow, Surrey, about 1684. He was devoted to astronomical
investigations, and pub. some treatises and a number of
papers in Phil, Trans.. 1672-1713, upon his favourite pur-
suit. His principal work, Historia Coelestis Britannicfe,
liljri duo, was not pub. in a complete shape until after his
death, when the necessary addititms were made, and it was
given to the world in 1725, 3 vols. fol. This contains the
places of 2934 stars. An imperfect edit, was pub. in 1712,
fob. without Flamsteed's consent. In some respects it is
said to be more accurate than the authorized edit. It con-
601
FLA
FLA
tains only 26S0 stars. To the preceding work is often '
joined ttie Atlas Coelestia, 1729, '53, fot. Some of Flam-
steed's MSS., discovered by Mr. Francis Baily in the Ob-
servatory at Greenwich, together with some of his letters
and autobiographical memoranda, were pub. in 1835 by
order of the Lords of the Admiralty. To these we must
refer the reader, and also to the Biog. Brit.; Whiston's .
Life; Lysons's Environs; Ward's Greshani Professors;
Martin's Biog. Philosophicaj Hutton's Diet.; Chalmers's
Biog. Diet. I
"The Htatnria Cek^is Bn(<inmca contains our first trustworthy
catalogue of the fixed stars — tbe first at least which is available
for modern objects; and the mass of lunar observations made by ,
Flamsteed furnished Newton the means of carrying out and veri- ■
fying his immortal discovery of Gravitation." — John P. NlCHOL, i
LL.D., Frnfizs. of Astrnjtnmy in the Vniv. of Glasgow.
The following remarks of M. Sigorgne, (1719-1809,)
Member of the Sorbonne, and Professor of Philosophy in
the Univ. of Paris, are interesting in this connection:
"With respect to the primary planets, the attraction of the sun
only is Eufficit;nt to obli^B them to desi-ribe ellipses, but as they
ought also to attract each other, there was some room to apprehend
that the rej^'ularity of their motion mij^ht be thereby somewhat
disturbed. We ought, hnwever. to take Sir Is;iac Newton's word
upun this head, since we shall presently see from what he has done,
that there is no reason to be in puin upon this account. According
to his observation, bodies attract each other in a direct proportion
of the quantities of matter they contain, and the converse propor-
tion of the squares of their distances, and in this proportion it is
that the planets affect each other. Now if the Newtonian Philoso-
phy be true, there is a certain method of knowing the quantity of
matter in the planets, and consequently of calculating the force of
their impi-essions: such a calculation being made, it appears that
Mars, our Earth. Venus, and Mercury, attract each other so little
in proportion to the foi'ce with which they are attracts by the sun,
that the disorder arising from thence must be altogether imper-
ceptible in many revolutions; and hence there appears a wonder-
ful agreement between the principles of this philosophy and the
pha'nomena. But this agreement appears still more clearly in what
happens with respect to Jupiter and Saturn: the quantity of mat-
ter in Jupiter is so great, that the calculation demonstrates the
effects of its attraction upon Saturn ought to be very sensible in
the time of their conjunction. Sir Isaac Newton predicted this to
the Astronomers Flamsteed and Ilalley. but the former of these
great men gave no credit at all to that prediction. Ilcwever. the
conjunction of those two planets approaching, this singular obser-
vation was made for the first time, and the consequence was, that
the calculation was exactly verified. This procured the Newtonian
Philosophy the approbation of so great .in A^l^.pIlome^ as Flam-
steed; indeed it would have been vei v ilitlii nil for him to have
denied it." — Pi'eface aiix Inf!tUiUir'Ti>^ jytir/imn iin<^, p. xvii,, xviii.
"Galileo Galilei was the first who discovend tour plaiu4s mriving
constantly round Jupiter, from thence usually ■alli-d liis s;ttellites,
which afterwaids were observed to have a constant, n-gular. and
periodical motion. This motion is now so exactly known, that Mr.
Flamsteed. who is one of the most accurate observers that ever
was. has been able to calculate tables of the eclipses of the several
satellites, according to which. Astronomers in different quarters
of the world, having notion of the precise time when to look for
them, have found them to answer to his predictions, and published
their observations accordingly.'' — Dr. Wm. Wotton: HeJUxions
upon Ancient and Mixhrn Learning.
"Mr. Flamsteed. with indefatigable pains, for more than forty
years, watched the motions of the stars, and has given us innu-
merable observations of the sun, moon, and planets, which he made
with very large instruments exactly divided by most exquisite art,
and fitted with felesc()pical sights." — Dr. Jou.v Keil: 1^-ef.tohis
Intmduc. to the triu- P/u'/us. See Bioi^. Bi it.
Flanagan, S. W. and C. Kelly, Reports in Chan.
Rolls Ct. temp. Sir M. O'Loghlen, Dubl., 1843, Svu.
Flanders, Henry, b. at Plainfield, New Hampshire.
1. A Treatise on Maritime Law, Bost., 1853, 8vo.
"It has been carefully and elegantly written, the authorities are
numerous, and appear to be cited with exactness, and within its
scope, it forms a complete treatise on the subject which it em-
hrnce f>:'—Ph<hi. Ln,. InUl.
2. A Treatise of the Law of Shipping, Phil.i., 185.S, Svo.
" I think it is a valuable addition to our stock of Miiritime
Laws, and that the author is well grounded iu his trust that he
had done tbe profession some service. I have only been able to
bring it to their further notice, by citing it iu the second edition
of my third volume of tiie Law of Kvidence, now in press." — S.
Greenlk\f: Onnhridge, Sept. 5, 1853.
3. Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United
States: First Series. 1. John Jay. 2. John Rutledge,
Phila., 1855, Svo.
" Mr. Flanders has written his work in a clrar and concise style,
and has mingled with the biographical notices enough of the in-
cidents and stirring mementoes of those times, to make the work
exceedingly interesting." — Nortoyi's (A. i'or/,-) Lit. Gaz.
"Mr. Flanders has fully comprehended the difficulties and du-
ties of his task, and has accomplished it with great skill and com-
pleteness. . . . The author has access to original sources of in-
formation, and considerable matter hitherto unpublished, shedding
new light on our earlier history, will be found in its pages." —
American Law litgisier.
Second Series — Wm. Cushing, Oliver Ellsworth, and John
Marshall — was pub. iu 1S5S, Svo: see Van Santvoord,
Gkouge. 4. Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, with Not«s,
1856, Svo: see Cumbeula.nd, Richahd.
602
Flather, John, 1. Index to Equity Reports, ISOS-
22, Lou., r. Svo, lS'2:i-25. This forms a supt. to BricJ;^'-
mau's Equity Digest. 2. Ct. of Bkrupt. Act, 1832,
12mo. 3. New Bkrupt. Act, 2d ed., 1842, 12mo. 4. New
Stat. rel. to Insolv. & B., 1843, 12mo. 5. Bkrupt. Law
Consol Act, 1849. 12mo.
Flatman, Thomas, 1633-1672. a native of London,
educated at Oxford, was skilled iu hiw. painting, and
poetry. A collection of poems, entitled Virtus Rediviva,
&c., by T. F., pub. in 1660. may bo hi.s. but Wood will not
affirm it. In addition to minor pieces of his in verse and
prose, pub. separately, there appeared in 1674, '86, Svo,
a collection of his poems and songs ; also pub. 1676, '82,
'86. He composed Pindaric Odes on the death of the
Duke of Albemarle, the Earl of Ossory, Prince Rupert,
and Charles II. For that on the Earl of Ossory, the
Duke of Ormoud, his father, presented the author with a
diamond ring worth £100. Granger does not value his
Pindarics very highly:
"Flatman really excelled as an artist : a man must want ears
for harmony that can admire his poetry, and even want eyes that
can cease to admire his painting. It does our author some honour
that Mr. Pope has very closely copied several of his verses, in his
ode of *The Dying Christian to his Soul.' . . . Some of his taste-
less contemporaries thought him equally excellent in both ; but
one of his heads is worth a ream of his Pindarics: 1 had almost
said all the Pindaiics written iii this reign. Ilis works are ex-
tremely scarce." — Biog. Hist, of Eng.
Oldys. in the following epigram, refers to the three facul-
ties in which he was skilled, viz.: Law, Painting, and Poetry :
"Should Flatman for his client strain the Laws,
The painter gives some colour to the cause;
Should critics censure what the Poet writ,
The pleader quits him at the bar of wit."
Charles Cotton highly commends Flatman's poems and
songs.
"these with force are writ.
As full of sinewy strength as well as wit."
It appears from the following bit of gossip of old An-
thony Wood — who dearly loves a sly joke — that Master
\ Flatman, like many bachelors of modern times, sometimes
' amused himself with ridiculing the connubial happiness
which he afterwards gladly embraced :
"This person was in his younger days much against marriage,
to the dislike of his father, and made a song describing the cum-
hrances with it, beginning thus:
' Like a dog with a bottle ty'd close to bis tail,
Like a tory in a bog, or a thief in a jayle,' &c.
But being afterwards smitten with a fair virgin, and more with
her fortune, [unkind Anthony !] did espouse her. 26th Nov., Ifi72,
whereupon his ingenious comrades did serenade him that night
with the said song." — Athen. Ozon.
This is just such a story as we might expect from such
a crusty old bachelor as Anthony a Wood.
Flatters, J. J. The Paradise Lost of Milton illus-
trated : 54 Plntes for Sculptors, Artists, &c., Lon., 1851, fol.
Flavel, John. Tractatus de Demonstratione, Oson.,
161D, Svo.
Flavel, John, 1627F-1691, an eminent Nonconformist
Calvinistic divine, a native of Worcestershire, was edu-
cated at University Coll., Oxf. ; Rector of Diptford, De-
vonshire, about 1650 ; removed to Dnrtmouth, 1656 ;
ejected for nonconformity, 1662. He was an excellent man,
and full of zeal in the cause of religion. I. Husbandry
Spirt tualized, Lon., 1669, 4to. 2. A Saint Indeed, 1673,
1S03, Svo. 3. Divine Conduct, 1678,1814, Svo; 1691,
12mo. 4. The Touchstone of Sincerity, 1670, Svo. 5. Per-
sonal Reformation, 1691, 12mo. 6. Remains, 1691, Svo.
7. Expos, of the Assemblie's Catechism. 1092, Svo. 8. The
Soul of Man, 169S. 4to. 9. Method of Grace, 169S, 4to.
Works, 1673, 2 vols, fol.; 1701, 2 vols. fol. j 1740, 2 vols,
fol.; Paisley, 1770, 6 vols. Svo; Neweast., 1797, 6 vols.
Svo. Other eds. Many of his separate pieces have been
frequently pub.
New ed. of works, 1S20, 6 vols. Svo. Select Works, by
C. Bradley, 1S23, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Works, with Life,
1833, Svo. Among the most esteemed of his works aie
Husbandry Spiritualized, Navigation Spiritualized, The
Fountain of Life, Method of Grace, Divine Conduct. The
writings of but few authors huve been so highly com-
mended as those of John Flavel.
"Plain, popular, and tender; proper to address afflicted cases,
and to melt the soul in love. His Token for Mourners is inimi-
table. Allusions to Pagan stories both in Bates and him are en-
tertaining and useful/' — Dn. Doddridge.
" Tn Flavel you will find the true savour of plain, lively, useful
preaching." — Cotton Mather.
" Fervent and affectionate, with a masterly hand at probing the
conscience and striking the pa.^sions." — Hervet.
"Of Mr. FlavoPs learning, his works contain sufficient evidence,
and his printed Sermons, which are a model for pie.;irhers. prove
him to have been a master of that species of eloquence which reigns
over the heart.'' — Bogue and Benwett.
FLA
TLB
"There are few writers of a more unexceptionable, experimental,
affectiunale. practical, popular, and eJif>iug character than i'la-
ye\."—Bick'rstetfi's C. S.
The Tokeu for Mourners is included in the vol. entitled
The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo. See Gobdos,
Robert.
Flavel, Phineas. The Grand Evil of the Disciple's
Heart Discovered, Lon., 1676, Svo.
Flaxuiaii, Johu, 1755-1826, an eminent English
sculptor, was a native of York, but at an early age removed
to London with his father, a manufacturer of plaster casts.
As a boy, much of his time was occupied in making mo-
dels in clay, which evinced a remarkable genius fur the
art in which he afterwards became so eminent. In 17S7
he visited Romo, where, during a residence of seven years,
he executed his celebrated designs in outline from Homer,
^scbylu?. and Dante. The three series were engraved for
him by Pimli, The designs from the Iliad and Odyssey
were made for Mr. Hare Naylor; those from Dante for
Mrs. Thomas Hope j and those from .^schylus for the late
Countess Spencer. The Homer was pub. in 1793, 4to;
again, with addit. plates, ISQo, 2 vols. fol. ; the ^schylus
in 1795; again, 1831, fol. ; Dante in 1807, ob. fol.; Hesiod
— made after his return to England, 1S17, ob. fol. There
have been Italian, French, and German eds., of which we
notice e:^pecially the (Euvres de Flaxman, par M. Nitot,
Dufresne, Paris, 1823, which contains the Homer, ^s-
chylus, and Hesiod, with text. Whilst at Rome, he also
executed for the late Earl of Bristol his magnificent group,
representing the Fury of Athamas, from Ovid's Metamor-
phoses, consisting of four figures larger than life. For
this he received a sum insufficent to defray the cost —
£600. This group is preserved at Ickworth, the seat of
the Earl of Bristol, in Suflfolk. At this period also he
produced his '^Gephalus and Aurora," for Mr. Hope. In
1794 he returned to England, and commenced the monu-
ment to Lord Mansfield, now in Westminster Abbey, for
■which he had received an order before he left Rome. For
this he was paid X2600, Among his other works may be
mentioned the monument to Lord Nelson, the figure of
Sir Joshua Reynolds, the monument to the family of Sir
Francis Baring, in Micheldean Church. Satan and Mi-
chael, for Lord Egremont, the monument to Collins, the
poet, in Chichester Cathedral, the monument to Miss
Cromwell, to Earl Howe, to Warren Hastings, to Lord
and Lady Palmerston, and the beautiful design of The
Shield of Achillea, {See Homer's Iliad, Book xviii.) for
Messrs. RundcU and Bridge. For this last he received
£620, and four casts of it were taken in silver gilt, each
estimated at £2000. This is one of his greatest productions.
"A divine wnrk. unequalled in the comliiiiation of beauty.
Vanity, and j;randeur, whith the genius of .Miihael Angelo could
not have surpassed." — Snt Thumas Lawrence.
In 1831 (ob. fol.) were pub. his eight beautiful composi-
tions of The Acts of Mercy, in the manner of ancient
sculpture, engraved, in imitation of the original drawings,
by F. C. Lewis. His Lectures on Sculpture, as delivered
by him at the Royal Academy, illustrated by 52 plates,
appeared in 1S29. New ed., with addits,, and an Address
on the Death of Flaxman, 1838, Svo. We have already
lingered over the memory of this eminent sculptor for a
greater length of time than can well be justified in a Dic-
tionary of Literature, but cannot conclude without record-
ing some tributes from eminent authorities to the merits
of one who has beeu denominated by judges of no con-
temptible authority — including even Canova himself — the
greatest sculptor of modern times.
"The greatest of modern sculptors was our illustrious country-
man, John Khisauin. He not only had all the fine feeling of the
ancient Greekt«, (which Canova in a dejxree possessed.) but united
to it a readiness of invention and a simplicity of design truly asto-
nishing. Thi)Uj,'h Canova w.is his superior in the manual part,
high tinishiijg. jet in the hijiher qualities, poetical feeling, and in-
vention. Fla.xman was as superior to Canova as Shakspeare to the
dramatists of his day.'' — i^ia Kicuard Westmacott.
** Flaxman was one of the few — the very few — who confer real
and pL*rmanent glory on the countrj' to which they belong. Iljs
genius was ot that vast and lofty nature which is beyond the reach
of ordiuai-y or immediate appreciation, and which grows gradually
and imperceptibly on the estimation of mankind. His unequalled
compositions from Homer, iEschylus. and Hesiod, have long been
the admiration of Europe. Of their simplicity and beauty the pen
is quite incapable of conveying an adequate impressi'io. . . . Not
even in Itaftaele have the gentler feelings and sorrows of human
nature beeu traced with more touching pathos than in the various
designs and models of this estimable man." — Sir Thomas LAWitENce.
'■Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has translated it into
the universiil language of nature." — Loed Byro\,
"The progeny of Flaxman's pencil and chisel were of the highest
rank: there is a prodiLiious affluence of imagination in all his
sketches and drawings." — Allan Cunningham.
As Mr. Cunningham was equally at home in the Fine
Arts and in letters, we quote his opinion of Flasman's Lec-
tures :
'■ These Lectures, as literary compositions, containing a clear
and commanding view of sculpture, ancient and modern — almn-
dant in just sentiments and wise remarks, and such profc^^i^||l:^l
precepts as only experience can supply — merit mnre regard th:in
they have as yet received- The account of the Gothic sculpture
in England is as rich as a chapter of old romance, and intinitely
more interesting. The whole of the Lectures on Beauty and Com-
position ought to be familiar to the mind of every student. The
order of thi-ir arrangement is natural, and there is good sense and
a feeling for all that is noble and heroic scattered over every
page."
But we have seen that the only one who could complain
of Flaxman having the first post assigned to him amoug
modern sculptors had consented to the verdict that places
him in this proud position. We give his own words :
•'You come to Rome, and admire my works, while you possess,
in your own country, in Fla.xman. an aifist whose designs excel
in classical grace all that I am acquaiuttii with in modern art." —
Canova.
Fla\mer, Sarah. vSatan Revealed, Ac., with a Tes-
timony tliat R. Brothers is a Prophet from the Lord, 4to.
Fleckie, Andrew. Answer to Sir F. Burdett's arg.
rel. to the power of the H. of Com. to imprison persons not
Members, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Flecknoe, Richard, an English poet and dramatist,
teiiij). Charles II., is better known from Dryden's having
borrowed his name as a scourge for the punishment of
Shadwell, than for his own productions. Dryden held
Fleeknoe in great contempt, which was naturally aug-
mented when the latter was named poet-laureate in his
stead. Shadwell subsequently held the same office, and
hence Dryden ridicules him as the poetical son of Fleeknoe.
1. The Affections of a Pious Soul unto Christ, Lon., 1610,
Svo. 2. Miscellanea, or Poems of all Sorts; with divers
other pieces, 16o3, 12mo. 3. Diarium, ic, 1656, 12mo.
4. Love's Dominion; a Dramatic Piece, 16ol. Reprinted
as Love's Kingdom; a Pastoral Tragi-Com., 1664, 12mo.
At the end of Love's Dominion is a Short Treatise on the
English Stage —
'■ Which I take to be the best thing he has extant." — Lavg-
baine's Uraviai. Ihets.
5. Heroic Portraits, Ac., 1660, Svo. 6. Ermina, or The
Chast Lady; a Tragi-Com., 1661, 4to. 7. Damoiselles a
la Mode, 1667, 4to. 8. Sir Wm. D'Avenant's Voy. to the
other World, 1668, Svo. 9. Epigrams and Enigmatical
Characters, 1669, '70, '73, '75, Svo. 10. Marriage of Oce-
anus and Britannia. 11. A Relation of Ten Years Travel
in Europe, Asia, Affrique,' and America, by way of Letters ;
with other Historical, Moral, and Political Pieces; sine
anno, sed circa 1654. Svo.
Malone unites in Dryden's ridicule of Fleeknoe — see his
Life of Dryden; but Soiithey thinks more favourably of
him — see Southey's Omnia.
"His acquaintance with the Nobility was more than with the
Muses; and he had a greater propensity to Hjuiiug than a Genius
to I'optry. He never could arrive, with all his industry, to get
but one play to be acted, [Love's Kingdom ; ' it had the misfortune
to be damn'd by the Audience.'] and yet he has printed seveial.
. . . But Mr. Fkck-noe was to make the best ofa Bad Market; and
since he could not get his Plays acted, he was to endeavour to get
them read, by labouring to persuade people that Imaginatiou
would supply the defect of Action." — Langbaine's Dramatic I'ofts.
''The last thing that Fleeknoe would think of as the cause of
his plays l>eing rejected, was his own want of merit. U is probable
he had not the slightest suspicion of such a thing. He seems,
indeed, to have been a vain, bu.sy coxcomb, who thought it genteel
*mther to affect,' to use his own expression, 'a little ne-tiiienco
than too great curiosity' in his writing.s. He attempted toVrite
smartly rather than tersely; wittily rather than seriously ; ingeni-
ously rather than profoundly. But although he has not the
slightest claim to be considered a man of genius, we cannot deny
him the praise of fancy and ingenuity; and that he had these two
qualities we shall proceed to adduce our proofs."— Xo«. Hetrosvcc.
i?fi'.. T. 2f>7, 2HS. 1822.
See, in addition to works cited above, Cibber's Lives;
Ware's Ireland, by Harris; Ellis's Specimens.
Fleet, Charles. Four Serms., Salisb., 1796, Svo.
Fleet, Edward. Address & Reply, Lon., 1777. Svo.
Fleetwood, Mrs. Let. to Mr. Madan rel. to the rec-
tory of Aldwinkle. Lon., 1767, Svo.
Fleetwood, Charles, Lord-Deputy of Ireland during
the Usurpation. His Petition to the Parliament of Eng.,
1659, fol. His Answer. Ac, 4to.
Fleetwood, Everard. Inquiry into the Customary
Estates, &c. of those who hoM lands of Church and other
foundations, &c., 1731, Svo; Dubl., 1748, Svo. Answered
by Henry Gaily, D.D., in the same vear.
Fleetwood, Johu, D.D. 1. The Christian Prayer
Book, Lon., 1772, 12rao. 2. Christian Dictionary, 1773,
4to. 3. Life of Christ, and the Lives of the Apostles, John
the Baptist, and the Virgin Mary, Glasg., 1S13, Svo. Fre-
quently printed.
FLE
Fleetwood, Col. William. An Tnliiipry View
of the Beluiviour uf my Lord Duke of Buckingham at the
Isleof Khee, Loii, 1648. ,t j
Fleetwood, William, d. 1603, Recorder of London
t.nip. Eli/.iibeth. 1. Oriition, Lon., 1571, 12mo. 2. Anna-
lUim tam Regum Edwardii V., &c., 1579, '97.
•■ lialher looked on as a taUe or Index to the yeai-book than
any historical treatise."— Bis;»y yicrJson's Eng.JIist. LiO.
3. Office of a Justice of the Peace, 16d/, 8vo, Fosth.
A. Table on the Reports of Edmund Plowdcn, in French.
5 Latin Verses prefixed to .'^ir Thos. Chaloner s Kepul).
Anglorum iustaurauda. 6. Notes upon Lambarde s Arehei-
on. He i.s said to have contributed to the last of the old
edits, of Holinshed.
Fleetwood, William, D.D., 1656-1723, of the same
family with Lord-Deputy Charles Fleetwood, was born iri
tbe Tower of L.uidon. Ue was educated at Eton and
Kings C.dl., Camb., and became Rector of M, Austins,
London, and Lecturer of St. Dunstan's in the West; Canon
of Windsor, 1702; Bishop of St. Asaph, li06; trans, to
Ely 1714 He pub. a number of serms., thcolng. treatises,
Ac ' see Bibl Brit. Weston ascribes to him a work not
mentioned by Watt, i-h., Curiosities of Nature and Art in
Husbandry and Gardening, 1707, 8vo. Uis Essay on Mi-
racles, 1701, 8vo, excited some controversy, and elicited
treatises by Bishop Hoadly and Gilbert. ,, . „ .
••The two main Principles of this Book— that none but God can
worka(™« Miracle, and that it cannot be supposed that a true
Miracle was ever wrought in opposition to a doctrine established
on true principles-were opposed by Bp. lloadly in a letter to Bp.
Fleetwood, Svo 1702; and the reading of the two tracts ooaisioned
Mr. Locke writing his Discourse on Miracles.' , . _,
Among the best known of Fleetwood s works is (^hroni-
oon Preciosum : an Account of Money, Price of C^orn,
Wages, Ac, in England, for 60O Years last past, 17U7, Svo;
2d ed., 1745, Svo. . ,,....
"This work contains the best account of prices puWished in
Kngland previously to that given by Sir F. M. Eden. — J/ctuKoc/. s
Lit. of I'lUt. Emn. , ,
A collective edit, of his works was pub. in 1737, tot.,
under the title of A Complete Collection of the Sermons,
Tracts, and Pieces of all kinds, that were written by Bishop
Fleetwood. He was considered the best preacher of his
day. When one of the ladies of the bed-chamber asked
the Queen whom she intended to make Bishop of St. Asaph,
her Majesty replied : ^ , . i
"One «hom you will be pleased with: whom you have lalel>
heard preach [he had just officiated as chaplain] : I intend it for
llr. Fleetwood."
His sermons are recommended by Bishop (..leaver.
'• Surnamed silver-tongued:- remarkable foreasy and proper ex-
pressions, lie considers several cases, which, though otten occul-
ting in human life, are seldom taken n^itice ot in sermons. On
this account he mav he consulted with adv.antage. In respect of
true politeness he has been equalled by few. His sermons on Rela-
tive Duties are good:— but his Four Funeral hermons show the
orator muc-h more."— Dr. Uoddrime.
Dr Doddridge refers to the serm. on 1. The death ol li.
Mary; 2. The Duke of Gloucester; S.K.William; 4. Mr.
Noble.
Fleming and Tibbins. Royal Dictionary of the
French and Eug. Languages, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 4to, £?, 38.
Amer cd Ijy .T. Dobson, Phila., Svo ; another ed., sq. 12nio.
••Incomparably the best dictionary of the two languages ex-
tant."— Lfiii. AUtfimnm.
Fleming, Abraham, Rector of St. P.ancras, London,
■was known in his day as an industrious translator from the
Latin and Greek, and as the author of some minor devo-
tional and other pieces, which are now known only to the
liter.ary antitiuary. His puldicntions range from 1575 to
1586 He trans, from Virgil, Elian, Cicero, Tully, Iso-
crates, Pliny, Synesius, Ac. His Manual of Prayers wiis
pub. in 1686, 16mo, and his Verborura Latinorum, Ac, in
15S3, fol. Notices of his pieces will be found in Herbert,
Peck, Ritson. Tanner, Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, Cen-
sura Lit., and the Brit. Bibliog. , .,, v
"1 must not forget that the same Webb [Wm.] ranks Abraham
Flemin". as a translator, after Barnal.ie Orirge. the translator ol
Palin"e'nius's Zodiack, not without a compliment to the poetry and
leirni'nE of his brother Samuel, whose excellent inventions, he
adds had not vet bscn made public."— Wurtoii's Hist. Evg. B«-t.
Fleming, Alexander, minister of Neilston, Renfrew-
shire, pub. Letters and Answers in 1808 rel. to the intro-
duction of an organ— the first attempt since the Reforma-
tion—into the Church of Scotland. He also pub. Letters to
a Young Friend, 1810. Examination of Resolutions, Ac,
1814. Svo. . ,^^„
Fleming, Caleb, 1698-1779, a Soeininn, in 1752 suc-
ceeded Dr. James F.ister, at Pinner's Hnll. He pub. many
theolog. treatises, pvincipallv controversial, 1735-78, which
are now forgotten. His Survey of the Search alter Souls,
by Coward, Clarke, Baxter, Law, Ac, was pub. in 1768, Svo.
lUU
FLE
" His writines might have been more generally acceptable and
useful if they had been free from a certain quaintness and ot.scu-
ri v of stVle. ^Aiming at origin:dity and strength of expression he
often lost perspicuity, and never attained to elegance.- X»r. Kip-
jiis's Life of Liirdmr.
Fleming, Curtis. Serm., Ac, 1795, Svo.
Fleming, Giles. 1. Serm., Lon., 1634. 2. Stemma
Sacrum : the Royal Progeny delineated, 1660, Svo.
Fleming, James. Irish and Eng. Statutes rel. to his
Majesty's Revenues in Ireland, Dubl., 1741, 4to.
Fleming, James, Surgeon and Man-midwife. Trea-
tise on the Formation of the Human Species, Ac, Lon.,
176S, 12mo. , ., . ^
Fleming, John, D.D., Prof, of Nat. Philos. in the
Univ. and King's C.dl., Aberdeen. 1. On a Bed of Fossil
Shells. Annals of Phil., 1S14. 2. Junction ot the Rivers
and the Sea. Trans. Rov. Soc, Bdin., 1817. .3. MoUuso-
ous Animals, including Shell Fish, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo.
•• Distinguished by a perfect knowledge of the very curious and
interesting- sulnect of which it treats, by a severe and searching
analysis of the evidence, and a clear and masterly arrangement of
*he multifarious details conne,-ted with \V~Glasg. CmMuli^al
4. Hist, of British Animals, 1842, Svo. A work of high
authority.
Fleming, Malcolm. See Flejiyng.
Fleming, Patrick, baptized Christopher, 1599-
1631, an Irish Catholic Franciscan, Lecturer on Divinity
at Prague, was murdered by some peasants, when that city
was besieged by the Elector of Saxony in 1631. 1. Col-
lectanea Sacra, or Lives of Irish and Scotch Saints, with
edits by Thos. Sirini, Louvain, 1667, fol. 2. Ahridgt. of
Chronicon consecrati Petri Ratisbonas. He supplied \V ard
with materials for his Lives of the Irish S.aints. The works
of the three alibots, Columban, Aileran, and Cuniean, in
the Bibl. Patrum, are avowedly taken from Fleming.
Fleming, Peter. Land Surveying, Pt. 1, Glasg.,
1815. 4to. . , „ .,
Fleming, Robert, 1630-1694, a native of Bathens,
Scotland, was educated at the Univ. of Edin., and at that
of St. Andrew's, where he studied divinity under Samuel
Rutherford. He became minister at Cambuslaug, Clydes-
d.ale • ejected, 1662 ; took charge of a Scotch congregation
at Rotterdam, where he died in 1694. 1. The Fulfilling
of the Scripture, in three Parts, Lon., 1681, 2 vols. 12ino;
many eds. ; 5th and best ed., with Author's Lite and a Fu-
neral Serm. by Daniel Burgess, 1726, fol.
■• An elaboi ati. view of the operations of Providence in preserving
the Church through all the vicissitudes of ecclesiastic:. 1 history.
2. Serm. and Discourses, 1692-1704. 3. The Confirming
Work of Religion, 1693, sm. Svo.
Fleming, Robert, Jr., d. 1716, son of the preceding,
and a native of Scotland, was educated at home, at Ley-
deu and at Utrecht. He became minister of the English
church at Leyden, subsequently of the Scotch church at
Amsterdam, and afterwards of a Scotch church at Loth-
burv, London. 1. Poet. Paraphrase on the Song of Solo-
mon, with other Poems, Lon., 1691, Svo. 2. Funl. Senu.,
1692, Svo. 3. Discourses on several subjects, viz.^The
Rise and Fall of Papacy, Ac, 1701, Svo; 1st ed. of greilt
rarity. The first Discourse was repub. in 1793, Svo, under
the title of Apocalyptical Key. Late eds., entitled The
Rise and Fall of Papacy, IS4S, '49, '60. In this celebrated
discourse are many predictions which coincide most re-
markably with events in the early history of the French
Revcdution, at the close of the last century. Fleming in
1701 expressed his belief that the Fifth Vial would be
poured out on the Sign of the Beast, beginning in 1794,
and more especially in 1S4S, in which he expected that
those events would commence which wouhl undenninB
Papal authority, and lead to its complete destruction.
'The remarkable conjectures of Fleming rest on sound princi-
ples of interpretation."— CTi. of Eng. Quar. Rn
•• Perhaps the most remarkable work on Prophecy that has ever
appeared." — Lon. llti^c/fman.
4. Discourse on the Death of King William, 1702, Svo.
5. Christology, 1705-08, 3 vols. Svo. Abridged, Edin.,
1795, Svo. ^. ^ . V* V „-
"The author did not complete his plan, which is mnch to be re-
gretted : as he possessed a powerful and very original mind. IVlany
ingenious thou._-hts occur in the Christology. and many passages
of Scripture are pl;iced in a new light."— Oi-mp'.'i BM. Bib.
• Many original remarks and valuable thoughts."— .Bidcersld/i l
C. S. „ ,.
6. The First Resurrection, 1708. 7. Discourses, Edin.,
1790, ]2nio. 8. Discourse and Serm., 1793, Svo. 9. Spe-
culum Davidicum Redivivum. 10. Theocrity; or the Di-
vine Right of Nations. 11. The Mirrour of Divine Love;
with a Dramatic Poem called the Monarchical Image, or
Nebuchadnezzar's Dream. 12. The Hist, of Hereditary
Right. Fleming was eminent for piety and learning.
FLE
FLE
Fleming, Samuel. 1. Merits and Demerits of Oppo-
BJtion, 1797, Svo. 2. Utility of the Learned Languages,
1807, Svo.
Fleming, Rev. Thomas. Agitation of the waters
of Loch Tay; Trans. Roy. Soe.. Edin., 1788.
Fleming, Rev. \V», d. 1742. Poetical Epistle to the
Rev. Eriisiuu^ Head.
Fleming, H'm,,D.D. Gazetteer of the 0. andN. Tests.,
with Niit. Hi^t. of the Cil.le, &c., Edin., 1838, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Flemming, Rev, Francis. Kaffraria and its in-
habitiiut:?, Lnn., 18j3, p. 8vo.
Flemming, orFIemmynge, Robert, d. 14S;j, Dean
of Linculu, 1451, nephew of Richard Fiemmiu>^, Bit^hop of
Lincoln, wrote a Dictionarum Graeco-Latinuin, Carmina di-
versi generis, Epi^tolarum ad diversas, a Latin Poem in
praise of Pope Sixtus IV., &c. See Biog. Brit.; Lelandj
Bale; Pits.
Flemyng, or Fleming, Malcolm, M.D., of Brigg,
pub. several professional works, a list of which will be
found in the Bibl. Brit.
Flesher, Rev. John,editorofArvine*sCyc. of Moral
and Religious Anecdotes, Lon. and Glasg., 1S50, 12mo.
See Arvine, T.
Flesber, Thomas. The Laws of Honour, or an Ac-
count of the Suppression of Duels in France, L<tn., 1685,
8vo, pp. 198. Dedicated to Henry Howard, Duke of Nor-
folk. See Sabine, Lokenzo. We have already, more than
once, in the course of this volume, expressed our views
respecting the so-called Laws of Honour.
Fleta. See Seldex, John.
Fletcher. Charge to Grand Jury of Wexford, 1S15.
Fletcher, Abraham, 1714-1793, a self-taught mathe-
matician, botanist, and physician, of obscure parentage,
was a native of Little Broughton, Cumberland. 1. Uni-
versal Measurer, Whitehaven, 1753, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Uni-
versal Measurer and Mechanic, Lon., 1763, Svo,
Fletcher, Alexander, D.D., of Fiusbury Chapel,
London. 1. The Devotional Family Bible, Lon., 2 vols.
4to. 2. Guide to Family Devotion, containing 730 Hymns,
730 Prayers, and 730 Passages of Scripture, with appro-
priate Reflections, 4to; 30th ed. of 1000 each.
" 30,000 copies of a book of common prayer, recommended by 25
distinguished ministers, whose names ar^ given, and who include
some of the most prominent of the day, cannot be dispersed
throughout P'.niihttid wiihout working some considerable change
in the minds of prubably liuO.oOO persons." — Lfm. Times.
The sale to 1850 had reached from 40,000 to 50,000
copies. Testimonials have also been sent by nearly 100
divines of America. 3. Sabbath School Preacher, 1849,
12mo. 4. Addresses to the Young, 1851, fp. Svo.
" We do not know of any terais that can adequately express the
value of these Addresses." — British Motlier.r Afagazinp..
'■For simplicity of style, attractiveness of form, richness of theo-
logy, and touching illustrative fe.cts, these Addresses are unri-
valled."— Wt'sley Banner.
"A little work of great merit. Dr. Fletcher, better than any
other living man. is titted for a juvenile auditory. It is a charm-
ing volume for the young." — Standard of Freedom.
5. Mental Culture; Addressed especially to Young Men
engaged in Commercial Pursuits, with an Introduction by
Dr. A. F.; 7th thousand.
" Small in size, but very considerable in value. We are not a
little ple.Hsed to find that "OnO copies of it are now in the hands
of the pul.lio — a feet that speaks well for the young men of our
day." — Bri(is/t Banner.
Mr. Fletcher is the author of several other works.
Fletcher, AndreAV, 1653-1716, a son of Sir Robert
Fletcher, of Saltoun, Scotland, filled several political posts
of importance, and was distinguished for his republican
zeal. He pub. discourses on the Aflairs of Scotland, on
Government, Speeches, &c. A collection of his Political
Works was pub., Lon., 1722, Svoj eds. in 1732, '37, Svo;
Glasg., 1749. 12mo.
'•A zealous asserter of the liberties of the people."
This work contains two discourses concerning the affairs
of Scotland, written in 1693.
'' The indignities and oppression Scotland lay under galled him
to the heart, so that in his learned and elaborate discourses he ex-
posed them with und;iunted courage and pathetic eloquence." —
LOCKHART.
An Essay on his Life and Writings was pub. by the Earl
of Buchan. See Buchas, David. See Chambers's Lives
of Iliust. and Dist. Scotsmen. A notice of his Works will
be found in the Retrosp. Rev., iv. 100-115.
"He was by far the most nervous and correct speaker in the
parliament of Scotland, for he drew his style from the pure models
of antiquity, and not from the grosser practical oratory of his con-
temporaries; so that his speeches will bear a comparison with the
best speeches of the reijrn of Queen Anne, the Aujjustan age of
Great Britain." — Kvhl or BtrnAN.
" Ue was always an admirer of both ancient and modern repub-
lics, but showed a sincere and honest inclination towards the
honour and interest of his country.'" — Lockhart.
A contemporary writer applauds him as
"A gentleman steady in his principles, of nice honour, with
abundance of learning; brave as the sword he wears, and bold as
a lion — a sure friend, and an irreconcilable enemy — would lose
his life readily to serve his country, and would not do a base thing
to save it."
The sentiment of the last clause is admirable, and pre-
sents an honourable contrast to the foolish and wicked
maxim of " Our country right or wrong." Heaven is
always in the right; and when my country is wrong, I lack
either principle or courage if I refuse or fear to condemn
her. The eternal distinction between right and wrong ia
older than my country and holier than my prejudices.
It is in a Letter to the Marquis of Montrose, Ac, en-
titled. An Account of a Conversation, &c., Edin., 1704, Svo,
that occurs a celebrated saying, erroneously ascribed to
the Earl of Chatham :
" I knew a very wise man that believed that if a man were per-
mitted to make all the ballads, he need not care who should make
the laws, of a nation."
Fletcher, Anue. Study of Hist, rendered Easy. Lon.,
1800, 2 vols. 12mo. In association with Saud F. button.
Fletcher, Rev, Anthony. Certaine very proper and
most profitable similes. Lon., 1595, 4to, A religious work.
Fletcher, Archibald. 1. Reform proposed in the
Royal Burghs, Edin., 1819, Svo. 2. Examination rel. to
do.. 1825. Svo.
Fletcher, Benjamin. His Treaty with the Indiana
of the Five Nations. N. York, 1694, Svo.
Fletcher, C. Estates of Trustees, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
Fletcher, Charles, M.D. 1. Maritime State; Health
of Seamen, Dubl., 17S6, 8vo. 2. The Cock-Pit; a Poem,
1787. 4to. 3. The Naval Guardian, Lon.. ISOU, 2 vols. Svo.
Fletcher, Chrii^tian. Letters and Narrative of the
Mutiny on Board the Bounty. Lon., 1796, 12mo.
"This rare .and curious little volume is quite at variance with
the ordinary account, according to which Christian was killed by
the natives soon after the mutiny."
Fletcher, E. Serm., 1742.
Fletcher, Francis. The AVorld encompassed by Sir
Francis Drake; collected out of his Notes, Lon., 1628, 4to.
See Drake, Sir Francis.
Fletcher, George. The Nino English Worthies,
&c. See Fletcher, Robert.
Fletcher, Giles, LL.D., d. 1610, uncle of John Flet-
cher, the dramatic poet, was educated at King's Coll., Camb.
In 15SS he was English Ambassador to Russia, and on his
return wrote a curious account Of the Russe Common
Wealth, pub. 1590, Svo. It was promptly suppressed for
fear of giving offence to the Russian court. It was re-
printed in 1643, 12mo, and is inserted, somewhat abridged,
in Hakluyt's Navigations, Voyages, <fec., vol. i. 2. Israel
Redux: an Essay on probable grounds that the Tartars
are the posterity of the X. Tribes. Printed with an Essay
on the Jews, by Samuel Lee, 1677, 12mo. This opinion
was adopted by Whiston, who printed the treatise in vol.
i. of his Memoirs.
Fletcher, Giles, 1588?-1623, son of the preceding,
and brother of Pbineas Fletcher, was educated at Eton and
at Trin. Coll., Camb., and on taking holy orders obtained
the living of Alderton, Suffolk. He was the author of a
poem which has been greatly admired, entitled, Christ's
Victory and Triumph in Heaven and Earth over and after
Death, Camb., 1610, 4to ; 1632, '40. Again, in 1783, Svo,
with Pbineas Fletcher's Purple Island. In this ed. alte-
rations have been made. New ed., 1824, from the ed. of
1610, with a biog. sketch of the author.
" A poem rich and picturesque, and on a much happier subject
than that of his brother, [see FLEicnER. Phixeas,] yet unenlivened
by per.sonification." — Htadhy's Self ct Beauties nf Ancient Eng. I't-et.
"Giles seems to have more vigour than his elder brother, but
less sweetness, less smoothness, and more affectation in his style.
. . . They both bear much resemblance to Spenser. Giles some-
times ventures to cope with him, even in celebrated passages,
such as the description of the Cave of Despair ; and he has had the
honour, in turn, of being followed by Milton, especially in the first
meeting of our Saviour with Satan in the Pai-adise Ilegained.'" —
HaUani's Introduc. to Lit. of Europe.
'•Giles, inferior as he is to Spenser and Milton. mig:ht be figured,
in his happiest moments, as a link of connection in our poetry be-
tween those congenial spirits, for he reminds us of both, and evi-
dently gave hints to the latter in a poem on the same subject with
'Paradise Regained.'" — Campbell's Eng. Poet.
Anthony Wood tells us that Giles was
" Kiinally beloved of the muses and graces." — Athen. Oron.
Fletcher, J. P., Curate of South Hampstead. 1. Nar-
rative of a Two Years' Residence at Nineveh, 1850, 2 vols,
p. Svo.
'■It forms an instructive pendant to Mr. Layard's exclusively
antiquaiian researches." — John Bull.
FLE
^ auiu-
-Lon.
2. The Autobiography of a Mis,=ionarT, 185 j, 2 vols. p.Svo,
'■ We conSL-ientiously recommend this book, as well for it--
sins character as for the spirit it displays of earnest piety."
Sta-iuhird. ., , , ,.
Fletcher, James, 1811-18.32. of London, for some
time assistant in a school, committed suicide in a fit of
temporary insanity. Chozar and Sela. The Siege of Da-
mascus. The Gem, and other Poems. Hist, of Poland,
Lon., 1831. Svo. , . , •
"The writer of this History has brought to his undertaking
much learning, great industry and patience in research, and tne
most unbiassed candour." » .«„^
-The literary matter is well enough put together for a tempo-
rary purpose, being intdligible without pretension to elegance. —
Ijm. Lit Oil.-., ,/u/ie 18. 1831.
Fletcher, James C, b. 1823, at Indianapolis ; grad.
at Brown Univ., 18-16; studied theology at Princeton, and
Geneva, Switzerland. Brazil and the Brazilians, Portrayed
in Historical and Descriptive Sketches, by J. C. F. and D.
P. Kidder, D.D.,Phi!a., 1857, Svo; illust. See Kidder. D. P.
"It is certainly a remarkable monument of research and nice
observation ''— \V. H. Pbescott. the historian.
•■Brazil wiia never before so fully, so faithfully, 30 artistically
photographed." — London Atlicnitum.
Fletcher, John. See BE.irMOST, Francis.
Fletcher, John, R. Catholic pastor at Underwood.
1. Select Remains of E. White, with Jlemoir. 1812, Svo.
2. Serms. on Various Religious and Jloral Subjects, for
all the Sundays after Pentecost, 1812. 2 vols. Svo.
'■These sermons deserve the perusal of every Protestant and
every Catholic who thinks seriously on the subject of religion.
Whoever peruses them will be equally charmed with their mild,
unambitious eloquence, their pure morality, and their persuasive
reasoDing."--CHAP.LES Butler.
?, The Catholic Manual, with Observs. and Notes, 1S18.
Fletcher, John, M.D. 1. Rudiments of Physiology,
in 3 Pts. ; edited by R. Lewins, M.D., with a Memoir of
the Author, Lon., 1837, Svo. 2. Elements of General Pa-
thology ; edited by Drs. Drvsdale and Russell. 1842, p. Svo.
Fletcher, or Flechiere, John William, 172a-
1785, a native of Nyon, Switzerland, received orders m
the Church of England in 1757, and three years later was
presented to the living of Madely Salop. He was closely
associated with John Wesley in his labours, and was a
man of most exemplary character. His writings were
princip.ally directed against Antinomianism and Calvinism.
His Portrait of St. Paul has been greatly admired. Works,
1803, 8 vols. 12mo; 1806, 10 vols. Svo. Other eds., 7 vols.
24mo; 2 vols. Svo ; 7 vols. 12mo, 1S25. Selections from
his Works, with his Life, by S. Dunn, London, 12mo.
This often accompanies the collective eds. of his Works.
See bis Life, compiled from Wesley, Gilpin, his own Let-
ters. Ac, by the Rev. J. Benson, 11th ed., 1839, 24mo.
" Fletcher was a man of heavenly temper ; a saint in the ancient
and high sense of the term, whose enthusiasm was entirely in-
imical with bitterness, and whose life and death are aUke edilying."
. — Loji. Qwjir. Rev,
" One of the holiest men that the Christian Church has seen in
modern times. His works contain an unanswerable defence of the
doctrine of original sin, and of the Godhead of Christ: several
pieces in vindication of gener.al redemption, and other points with
■which it is connected ; with a ' Portrait of St. Paul,' which every
minister should carefully study. His writings are distinguished
by uncommon clearness and strength of argument, an uninter-
rupted flow of sacred eloquence, and a benevolence of temper which
has seldom been equalled." — Dr. WilU.ims's C. P.
1. " No age or country has ever produced a man of more fervent
piety, or more perfect charity : no church has ever possessed a more
apostolic minister." — Robert Sootuet.
Fletcher, Joseph. The Historic of the perfect-
cursed-blessed Man. EvLF. Lon., 1629, 4to. Very rare.
Nassau, PL 1,1513, £3 19«. Bindley, Pt. 2, £23 2«.
Fletcher, Joseph, D.D., 1784-1843, a native
Chester, Minister of the Independent Church at Black-
burn, 1807 : at Stepney, 1822. His Lectures on the R.
Catholic Religion, pub. separately, and in the collective
cd of his works, have attained great celebrity. Select
Works and Memoirs. Edited by the Rev. Joseph Flet-
cher, Jr., of Lon., 1S46, 3 vols. Svo. 5th ed. of the Leo-
tures on R. C. Religion, Ac, 1850, 12mo.
"The late Dr. Fletcher's Lectures is an inestimable work, of
which I congratulate the Christian public that a fifth and cheap
edition is now announced."— Z)r. J. Pi/e Smith's Reasons of the
Prattstanl Jldujion. ., , t , . , .j t*
" It is the best work on the subject that has lately appeared. It
is exceedingly well written, and condenses into a narrow compass
a large portion of valuable information; and while it instructs by
its scriptur.al reasonings.it edilies by its warm and fiilightened
piety It is firm, moderate, and candid." — Onnc's Bibt. Btb.
" From a settled persuasion that Popery is a system of impiety
and imposture, we feel thankful at witnessing any judicious at-
tempt to expose its enormities and retard its progress. The Lec-
tures published by ilr. Fletcher are well adapted to this purpose,
and eiitiile their author to the esteem and gratitude of the pul)-
lic."— Kev. Robekt Uall.
600
FLE
" A man of masculine mind, distinguished for his powers of
ratiocination. His Sermons are most carefully prepared— lucid in
arrangement and correct in style. Dr. Fletcher is one of those in
whose discourses you see a happy union of superior intellect vvith
the most accurate views of evangelical truth." — Metrcpoliian
I'ulpit.
Fletcher, Philip, Dean of Kildare. Serms. 1759, '63.
Fletcher, Phineas, 15S4?-1650? a brother of Giles
Fletcher the younger, and cousin of Beaumont's dramatic
colleague, was educated at Eton, and King's Coll., Camb.
Like his brother Giles, he was a divine and a poet. In
1621 he was presented to the living of Hilgay, Norfolk, and
here remained until his death. 1. The Locustes, or Apoll-
yonists, Camh., 1627, 4to. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,
272, £9 9s. This is a caustic satire against the Jesuits.
"The great Milton is s.aid to have ingenuously confessed that
he owed his immortal work of Paradise Lost to Mr. Fletcher's
Locustje."— /'<•<'/. to Ktv. J. Slerlinr/'s Poems.
2. Sicelides; a Dramatic Piece, 1631. 3. Comment, on
the First Psalm, 1632, 4to. 3. Joy in Tribulation, 1632,
sm. Svo. 4. The Purple Island, or the Isle of Man : toge-
ther with piscatorie Eclogs, .and other poetical Miscella-
nies, 1633, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., large paper, £10 10».
Small-paper copies have sold at from £1 to £2 12«. It was
also printed with Giles Fletcher's Christ's Victory, in 17S3,
Svo. New ed., by Wm. Jacques, 1816, Svo. This is one
of the most remarkable poems in the language.
" 'The title of The Purple Island is most attractive and most
fallacious.' If a reader should take it up, (as would probably be
the ca.se with those ignorant of its nature.) with the expectation
of finding some delightful story of romantic fiction, what must be
his disappointment to plunge .■it once into an anatomical lecture
in verse on the human frame — to find that the poet had turned
topographer of an island founded upon human bones, with veins
for its thousand small brooks, and arteries for its larger streams;
and that the mountains and valleys with which it is diversified
are neither more nor less than the inequalities and undulations of
of
this microcosm ? He might perhaps persevere through the whole
of the second canto, in the continued hope that it would soon be
over; but when he had achieved this t^isk, and found that he had
only'made one quarter of the suriey. he must of necessity be con-
strained to lay it down in despair." — Jidrosp. Hev.. ii. 312, 1820.
But if be should thus " lay it down in despair," he would
be greatly the loser : for — to quote one of the most emi-
nent of English critics —
"After describing the body, he proceeds to personify the passions
and intellectual faculties. 'The fatigued attention is not merely
relieved, hut fascinated and enraptured: and, notwithstanding his
figures, in many instances, are too arbitrary and fantastic in their
habiliments, often disproportioned and overdone, sometimes lost
in a superfluity of glaring colours, and the several characters, in
general, by no means sutficieutly kept apart ; yet, amid such a
profusion of images, many are distinguished by a boldness of out-
line, a m.ajesty of manner, a brilliancy of colouring, a distinctness
and propriety of attribute, and an air of life, that we look for in
vain in modern productions, and that rival, if not surpa.ss. what
we meet with of the kind even in Spenser, from whom our author
caught his inspiration. After exerting his creative powers on (his
department of the subject, the virtues and better qualities of the
heart, under their leader Edecta. or Intellect, are attacked by the
vices :' a battle ensues, and the latter are vanquished, after a vigor-
ous opposition, through the interference of an angel, who appears
at the pr.ayer of Eclecta. The poet here abruptly takes an oppor-
tunity of paying a fulsome and unpardonable compliment to James
the First, (canto xii. stanza 65:1 on that account, perhaps, the
most unpalatable passage in the book. From Fletchers dedication
of this his poem, with his Piscatory Eclogues and Miscellanies, to
his friend Kdmund Beulowes. it seems that they were written
very early, as he calls them ' raw essays of my very unripe years,
and almost childhood.' ..,,,.
"It is to his honour that Milton read and imit.lted him. as
every attentive reader of both poets must soon discover. He is
eminently entitled to a very high rank among our old English
chissics."— iJrarf/cy's Sdtct ISeautits of AnrJetd Eng. Poet.
In the Supplement to his second volume, Hcadley de-
votes a chapter to show how much Fletcher was indebted
to Spenser, and Milton to Fletcher. In the ne.\t chapter
he proves Milton's obligations to Giles Fletcher's Christ's
Victory. This fact we have alreaily referred to. See
Fletcher, Giles. It deserves to be noticed that Francis
Quarlos inscribes his stanzas of three lines each, prefixed
to Phineas Fletcher's Piscatorie Eclogues, &■<:.. " To my
dear Friend, the Spencer of this age." The leaf of verses
is frequently wanting ; collectors, therefore, should care-
fully examine copies ofi'ered for their inspection.
Warton refers to The Purple Island in but faint terms
of commendation, and the further that criticism has been
removed from the conceits which distinguish the age of
the poem, the less indulgence has been displayed to the
peculiarities of the author. ....
•■Through five cantos the reader is regaled with nothing but
alle-orical anatomy, in the details of which Phineas seems tole-
rabfy skilled, evincing a great deal of ingenuity in diversifying
hi» met.anhors. and in presenting the delineation of his imaginary
isl'uul with as much justice as possible to the allegory without
ol.irndiTig it on the reader's view. In the sixth canto he rises to
the intellectual and moral fiiculties of the soul, which occupy tha
FtJB'
FLI
re5t nf the poem. From its nature it is insuperably wearisome;
yet his lanirua^e is often very poetical, bis versification harmo-
uious, his invention fertile. But the perpetual monotony of ale-
(rorical persons which somi-times displeases us even in Spenser, is
seldom relieved in Fletcher; the understanding revolts at the
confused crowd of inconceivable beings, iti a philosophical poem;
and the justness of analotty, which had given us some pleasure in
the* anatomical cantos, is lost in tedious descriptions of all possible
moral qualities, each of them personified, which can never co-exist
in the Purple Island of oue individual." — Hallam's InlrodiiC. to
Lit of Eumpe.
5. Piscatory Eclogues, with other Poetical Miscellanies,
with Notes by W. Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee. E<Iiu., 1771,
8vo A correct ed. 6. Sylva Poetica, Autore P. F., Can-
tab., 1633, 8vo. 7. De Literis antiqute Britaunite, Regi-
Ijus I rffisertim (jui Doctrina clarueruiit, quique Collegia
Cantibrigiae fundarunt, 1653, 12mo. 8. A Father's Testa-
ment, 1670, 8vo.
M'ood tells us that at King's College Phincas Fletcher
was '^'accounted an excellent poet;" and good old Izaak
Waltofi paid him a twofold compliment, than which he
knew no higher, when he declared him to be
"An excellent divine and an excellent anyler."
The brothers refer to each other's works, and their merits
have often been compared. See Fletcher, Giles. It
would not be difficult to continue these comparisons, but
a few lines must conclude an article already sufficiently
extended :
"They were both the disciples of gpenser. and. with his diction
gently modernis^-d, retained much of his melody and luxuriant
expression. Giles's 'Christ's Victory and Triumph' has a tone of
enthusiasm peculiarly solemn. Phineas, with a livelier fancy, had
a worse taste. Ue lavished on a bad subject the graces and inge-
nuity that would have made a fine poem on a good design. . . .
These incongruous conceptions are clothed in harmony, and inter-
spersed with beautiful thoughts: but natuml sentiments and
agreeable imagery will not incorporate with the shapeless features
of such a design. They stand apart from it like thiu|i;s of a differ-
ent element, and. when they occur, only expose its deformity.
On the contraiy. in the brother's poem of 'Christ's Triumph,' its
main effect, though somewhat sombrous. is not marred by such
repulsive contrasts. Its beauties, therefore, will tell in relieving
tedium, and reconciling us to defects." — Campbdl's Engliih Poetry.
"Both of these brothers are deserving of much praise. They
were endowed with minds eminently poetical, and not inferior in
imagination to any of their contemporaries; but an injudicious
taste, and an excessive fondness for a style which the public was
rapidly abandoning — that of allegorical personification — prevented
their powers from being effectually displayed." — Hallani's Lit. Hist,
of Europe.
"It grieves me to think," says Hervey. "that these pieces
rChrisfs Victory and the Purple Island] should be lost to the
world, and be forever buried in obscurity. 'The Purple Island'
abounds with picturesque, useful, and striking sentiments."
Fletcher, R. 1. Radius Heliconicus; or, The Reso-
lution of a free State, 1650, fol. 2. Trans, of Martial's
Epigrams, 1656, 8vo.
Fletcher, Ral. A Few Notes on Cruelty to Animals ;
or, The Inadequacy of Penal Law; on General Hospitals
for Animals, (fee, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
Fletcher, Richard. 1. First Steps to Medical Sub-
jects, in Latin, Lon., 12mo. 2. Influence of a Troubled
Mind on Health, Svo. 3. Medico-Chirurgical Notes and
Illustrations, 4to.
Fletcher, Robert. 1. Introduc. to the Love of God,
&c., Lon., 1531, Svo. 2. Solomon's Song trans, into Eng-
lish verse, 1586. 3. Epitaph, 1603, 4to. 4. The Nine Eng-
lish Worthies, Lon., 1606, 4to. pp. 72. This is an historical
register of the English royal Henrys, kings and princes, in
prose and verse. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 276, £35.
Bindley, Pt. 2, 1100, £37 16s. Hibbert, 3095, £7 10«.
Fletcher, Robert. Works on medicine and chemis-
try, Lon., 1074. '76, '79, all Svo.
Fletcher, Miss S. Gabrielle et Augustina, 1811.
Fletcher, Snmuel. Enamel Painting, 1803, Svo.
Fletcher, Thomas. Poems and Trans., 1692, Svo.
Fletcher, Thomas, Serm., Dubl., 1745, '46, 4to.
Fletcher, Wm., LL.D., Dean of Kildare. 20 Serms.,
1772.
Fleury, Maria de. 1. Henry; a Poem, Lon., 17S9,
8po. 2. Antinomianism Unmasked and Refuted, 1791, Svo.
3. Divine Poems and Essays on Several Subjects, 1791, Svo.
Flexman, Roger, D.D., 1708-1795, a Dissenting
minister, a native of Devonshire, pub. Miscellanies, 1752;
Serms., 1752-74 ; edited Burnet's Own Times, 1753, 4 vols.
Svo; wrote several biographies, and aided in the prepara-
. ♦ion of the General Index to the Journals of the House of
Commons. He also made an index to The Rambler, and
to some other works. The maker of a good index is no
'gnoble philanthropist. See ATScorrrH. Samuel. Dr.
Johnson did not entirely approve of Flexman's Index to
The Rambler. When his name was once mentioned before
the lexicographer, he thus vented his indignation:
"Let me hear no more of him, Pir ! That is the fellow who mad«
the Index toniy Ramblers, and set down the name of Milton thus:
— Milton. 3/r. John."
Flindall, Johu Morris, Amateur's Pocket Com- ^
paniou; describing rare portraits and works, Lon., 1813,
12mo. 2. Family Assistant.
Flinders, Captain Matthew, d. 1814. an English
Navigator. Voyage to Terra Australis in 1801-03, Lon.,
1S14, 2 vols. 4to, and Atlas; some on large pnper.
"The intrinsic worth of these truly seientitic volumes must not
be measured by their pecuniary value, for I have known a well-
bound copy, in calf, sell for only £5 los. W." — Dibdin's Lib. Comp^
See a review in Lim. Quar. Rev,, xii. 1, by Sir Jno. Barrow.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1S05. "06.
F^linders, Matthew. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799.
Fliun, Andrew, D.D., d. ]S2U, minister of Charles-
ton, S. C. Serm., ISIO. Do., 1811.
Flint, Austin, M.D. 1. Clinical Reports on Con-
tinued Fever. Buffalo, 1853, Svo. 2. Physical Exploration
and Diagnosis of Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Or-
gans. Phila.. 1856, Svo.
Flint, Charles L. The Agriculture of Massachusetts,
as shown in the Returns of the Agricultural Societies, Bost.,
lS53-5(. 2 vols. Svo. Treatise on (irasses and Forage
Piant«. X. York. 1857, 12mo. Dair\ Farming. Bost., 1859.
Flint, (ieorge. Robin's last shift, Part 1. 1717. Svo.
F'lint, Henry, d. 1760, aged S4, tutor in Harvard
Cull., 1705-54. educated many pupils who subsequently
attained eminence. He pub. occasional serms., 1729, '36,
and a vol. containing 20 Serms., 1739, 8vo.
Flint, Rev. James. Serms., Boston, 1852, 12mo.
Flint, James. Letters from America, Edin., 1822, Svo.
Flint, Micah P., a son of the Rev. Timothy Flint,
was the author of a vol. entitled The Hunter, and other
Poems; and pub. a number of pieces in periodicals.
Flint, Rev, Timothy, 1780-1840. father of the pre-
ceding, a native of Reading, Massachusetts, after gradua-
ting at Harvard College, became minister of the Congre-
gational Church in Lunenburg, in the county of Worces-
ter, where he remained until 1S14. In 1815 he became a
missionary for the Valley of the Mississippi, and in the
discharge of his itinerant duties acquired that extensive
knowledge of the country and of the people which we find
displayed to such advantage in his Recollections and Geo-
graphy and History of the Mississippi Valley. After ten
years, spent in preaching and teaching school, he returned
to the Xurthern States. In 1S33 he edited several num-
bers of the Knickerbocker Mag., and was subsequently
editor for three years of The Western Monthly Mag.
1. Recollections of Ten Years passed in tlie Valley of
the Mississippi, Boston, 1826, Svo; 2d ed., 1S31, Svo.
•'With obvious faults, Mr. Flint's style is marked hy counter-
vailinfi excellences, being lively, flowing, often vigorous, and, in
general, quite unaffected; but this is a secondary merit. These
pages n-tlect a sincere, humane, and liberal character, a warm and
gentle heart, and hardly even a prejudice that is not amiable.'" —
Lo7i. Quar. Ifev., xlviii. 201.
" One valuable effect of the work among us will be to allay local
jealousies, soften prejudices, correct misapprehensions, and divest
the Western character of many untavourable associations with
which it has been too long connected in this quarter, and to
strengthen sentiments of mutual esteem between the people of the
Past and West.'' — iV. AituT. Rev., xxiii. 359. See also Amer.
Month. Kev.. iv. 460.
2. Francis Berrian; or. The Mexican Patriot, 1826.
This ''purports to be the autobiography of a New Eng-
land adventurer, who acted a conspicuous part in the first
Mexican revolution, and in the overthrow of Iturbide."
See Griswold's Prose Writers of America.
3. A Condensed Geography and History of the Western
States in the Mississippi Valley, Cin., 1S2S, 2 vols. Svo;
2d ed., 1832, 2 vols. Svo.
Mr. Ward remarks that this work is interesting and in-
structive, though written in "a most uncouth style." See
Ward's Mexico in 1827.
4. Arthur Clenning; a Novel, Phila., 1828, 2 vols. 12mo.
S.George Jlason, the Young Backwoodsman; a Novel.
6. The Shoshonee Vallev; a Romance, Cin., 1830, 2 vols.
12mo. 7. Indian Wars "in the West, 1833, 12mo. 8. Lec-
tures on Nat. Hist., Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts,
Bost., 1S33, 12mo. See a Review in Amer. Month. Rev.,
iii. 261. 9. Trans, of Droz's L'art d'etre heureuse, with
addits. by the translator. 10. Trans, of Celibacy Van-
quished: or, The Old Bachelor Reclaimed, Phila., 1S34,
12mo. 11. Biograpb. Mem. of Daniel Boone, the first
settler of Kentucky, Cin., 1834^ ISmo. In 1S35 Mr. Flint
contributed to the London Athenaeum a series of sketches
of the Literature of the United States.
Flint, Wm. A Treatise on the Breeding, Training,
and Managing of Horses, Hull, 1815, Svo.
607
FLI
Flintoff, Owen. 1. Rise and Progress of the Laws
of Ent'land and Wales, Lon., 1839, 8vo. This work should
accouTpanV John Keeve's Hist, of the Eng. Law. 2. Intro-
duc. to Conveyancing, 1840, Svo. This is a new ed. of
the 2d vol. of Blackstone's Comment., adapted to the pre-
sent state of the English Law. 3. Law of Real Property,
1839 '40, 2 vols. Svo. An excellent work. The M vol.
is an enlarged edit, of his Conveyancing. The works ol
Mr Flintoff occupy the first place among legal treatises.
Flloyd, or Floyd, Thomas. 1. Bibliotheca Bio-
graphical A Synopsis of Universal Bj^g^Pl^y; """^"^
and modern, Lon., 1760, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Chronol. Tables
of Univ. Hist, 1762, 2 vols. Svo.
Flood, Rt. Hon. Henry, d. 1791, a distinguished
orator of the Irish House of Commons, wrote some poetical
pieces, put,, in the O.xford Collection, and Pub. some
Speeches, 1787, Ac. Uis Life and Corresp., by W. Flood,
appeared in 1S3S, Lon., Svo.
Flood, Robert. See FurrD.
Florence of Worcester, d. 1118, a monk of great
erudition, was the first chronicler who wrote in England
after the Norman Conquest. Chronicon ex Chronicis ab
Initio Mundi vsque a<l annum Domini 1118 deductum.
Accessit etiam Continuatio vsq. ad Annum Christi 1141,
Lon 1592 4to. The continuation is anonymous. Ke-
printed, etc., Francf., 1601, fnl. ; and see Collection of
Historians edited by order of the Record Commission, vol.
i pp. 622-615 ; 615-644.
" Leland fives an exagRerated estimate of his character. His
chronicle is little better than a compilatiun from the Chronicle of
Marianus Scotus, and from the Saxon Chrnnicle. The part wh ch
relates to our own island is almost a literal translation from the
L ter work. An anonymous continuation of the chronicle of
Florence from lllS to 1141 is of much greater value than the chTO-
nicleitsclf— ir/itfM'si'Msr. »■/(. ill.
Florian, John. 1. Human Knowledge, Lon., 1796
Svo 2. Guide to the Hist, of Eng., ISOl, '04. Svo. 3. Lect.
on the Sciences and Philos., 1806, 2 vols. Svo.
Florilegus. See Matthew of Westminster.
Florio, John, the Resolute— for so he styled himself
— d 16''5 was a native of London, but a descendant of
the Florii of Sienna. He took great delight in philology,
and offended the less scrupulous dramatists of the d.ay by
'^''"The"plaies''that they do plaie in England, are neither ri^if
cmacdif !, nor rigM tragedies ; but representations ot hiUul us with-
""sSkspMrTretaliated this assault by ridiculing Florio
in his character of Holofernes, the Schoolmaster in Love s
" The''character of Holofernes, however, while it caricatures the
noculiar fully and ostent;ition of Florio, holds up to ridicule, at the
same toe the general pedantry and literary affect.,tions of the
ag" and amongst these, very particularly the absurd .i.uo>^tons
wbich Lilly had iutroduced."-flra;.<;'s ShaksjKan and Ins nmts.
1 Florio his first Fruites : which yeelde familiar Speech,
mcrie Prouerbes, wittie Sentences, and golden sayings.
Also a perfect Introduction to the Italian and English
Tongues, Lon., 1578, '91, 4to. 2. Dialogues of- Grammar,
Italian and English, 1578. 3. Florios Second Frvtes to
be gathered of twelvo trees, and his Garden of Recreation
yielding six thousand Italian Proucrbs, 1591, Svo. 4. A
Worlde of Wordcs ; or most copious and exact Diclionarie,
in Italian and English, 1597, '98, fol. W.arton (Hist, ot
Eno- Poet.) says that the first ed. was in 1595. but we pre-
fer "the authority of Wood. Augmented, .and piil>- "ud"
the title of Queen Anne's New World of Words, Ibll, fol.
New ed.. enlarged by Gio. Torriano, 1659, fol. Even the
ed. of 1611 . ,, , ,
"For the variety of words was far more copious than any extant
in the world at that lime."— ^IWiCTi. Ojoti.
5. Trans, into Eng. of the Essays of Michael, Lord of
Montaigne, 1603, '13, '32, fol. , . , , .
"The independence of his [Montaigne's] mind produces great
nart of the charm of his writings; it redeems his vanity, without
Vhich it could not have been so fully displayed, or, perhaps, so
Dowerfully felt. In an age of literary servitude, when every pro-
vince into which reflection could wander was occupied by some
desnot; when, to s.ay nothing of theology, men found Aristotle,
L'lpian. or Hippocrates, at every turning to dict;ite their road, it
was gralifviug to fall in company wilh a simple gentlenian who,
with much more reading than generally belonged to bis class, had
the spirit to ask a reason for every rule.' —i/<i««»>l s ill. aist. oj
"e'^Trans. of A Narration rol. to Nauigation, &c. to Nowe
Frauncc; from Kamutius, 1580, 4to. Soo Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon. . „ .■ c
Ramnsio was the editor of the excellent collection ot
Navigation e Viaggi, maps and plates, 3 vols, fob, Venetia,
Giunta, 1588-83-56. „.i „„,j-„„i
" lUimusio'8 collection of Voyages and Travels, the "lO^ P«rf'-<='
worker that nature in any language whatsoever; containing all
603
FLO
the Clscoveries to the Ea.st, West, North and South; with full
descriptions of all the countries discovered; judiciously compiled,
and ftee from that great mass of useless matter which swells our
Kngli-h Hacklnvt and Purchas; much more complete and full
than the Latin Ue Bry, and. in fine, the noblest work of this na,
Floris, Pet. Williamson. Journal of l"y>yfS«
to the Bast Indies. See Purchas's Pilgrimes, p. 319 ; 1625.
Flower. Heraldic Visitation of the County Palatine
of Durham in 1575, edited by Philipson, Newc, 1820, fol.
100 copies on small and 20 copies on Large paper.
"This is the first instance of a heraldic visiUition being made
public by means of the press." <• m t
A few copies only were printed, at the expense ot IN. J.
Philipson. . ikao s.
Flower, Benj. French Constitution, i-c.,li9J, <tc.
Flower, Christopher. Serms., 1660, '66, '69.
Flower, Henry. Gout and Rheumatism, Lon., iTOb,
" A mere quack advertisement." — BM. Brit.
Flower, John. Serm., 1669. 4to.
Flower, Richard. Beer and Brewers, 1802, Svo.
Alleges the malt tax to be impolitic and unjust. If Eng-
land would abolish her "beer and brewers altogether,
she would be greatly benefited. Intemperance is the
irreatest foe which a country can cherish in her bosom.
FloAVer, Richard. 1. Letters from Lexington and
the Illinois, Lon., 1819, Svo. Written in June and Au-
^"?Thl writer appears to have been free from the usual English
prejudfces. and speaks weU of the country and its mhablt.anls. -
*2'"Letter1'"from''The Hlincis, [1820, '21,] 1 822. With a
Letter from Mr. Birkbeck. and a pref. and notes by Benj.
Flower. See a review in Lon. Quar.Rev., xxvii. 1 1-
Flower, Robert T. The Radix ; Logarithms, 1/71.
Flower, Thomas. Serm., 1754, ic.
Flower, Rev. W. B. 1. Sunday Eve Musings and
other Poems, Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. 2. Classical Tales and
Legends, 1847. ISmo. 3. Reading Lessons for the Higher
Chasses in Grammar and other schools, 1848, 12mo. Com-
mended by the Archbp. of Canterbury the Bps. of Lon-
don, Exeter, Lichfield. Ac. 4. Tales ol Faith and Provi-
dence, 1S49, ISmo. Theolog. Treatises, lS4i-5-.
Flower, Wm. Sliding Rule, Lon., 1 1 bS, 8vo.
Flowerdew, \. Poems, 1803, Svo ; 3d ed., 1311.
Flowerdew, D. C. Orders in Court,_1807.
Flowre, John. Church of Christ, 16dS, 12mo.
Floyd, Edward. Locusts in Wales; Spontaneous
Combustion of Hay Stacks. Ac, Phil. Trans 1694.
Floyd, John, an Englishman, visited the Continent,
became a Jesuit in 1593, and returned to England as a
missionary. He pub. several controversial tracts against
ChiUin-worth, Crashaw, Hobl), and other Protestants,
1612-37. See Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Bibl. Brit.
Floyd, Thomas. Perfit Commonwealth, 1600.
Floyd, Thomas. See Fllovd.
FloyeJ, Sir John, Knt., M.D., 1649-1734, a native
of Hiuters, Staffordshire, educated at Oxford, was noted
for his zeal (a most laudable one) in promoting the gene-
ral use of the cold bath. He pub. several professiona
works-Touchstone of Medicine, Lon., 1687, f vols Svo
works on Baths, on Asthma; a Comment, on 42 Histonea
described by Hippocrates, 1726, Svo, Ac; Two E^say.,
1717, Svo, and the following curious vol.:
The Sibylline Oracles— trans, from the best Greek Co-
pies and compared with the Sacred Prophecies, especially
with David and the Revelations, and with as much history
as plainly shows that many of the Sibyl s- predictions are
exactly fulfilled. With Answers to the Objections made
''^ LTe' he"'En^i;.f translation of the Sibylline Oracles
and i curious not only - a version of these ^'''f^-y}''^^;';^::^:;
hi,! as it fnrnishes a toleriiblv accurate account of the controvcisy
r"spectin"t™tb and authenticity, of which Sir John appears
tobavebeenafirml*lievcr."-Orm«siJ.W. ii6. ,.p.,a„„
The name of Floyer will strike P^^-^ "^ °". "f "'
pleasantly, for it will remind them o <'Y,,^l'f,Zn£l:
Johnson It was by Floyer's advice that the Inlant Her
cnlos" was sent to London to be touched by Queen Anno
for the King's Evil, and Johnson vm„r
" A very short time before his death strongly P''"^*"!, '!■; *;'^\'"e
Johnson was labouring under the same ailment, he reters
to the experience of the P^'^'^'"-','.';."/ . .^^ jo,„,F,„ver. whom
" Nor di-s it lay dose siege to "'''■'"^'"'^/'.^"'^"'t books upon
FLO
FOL
havp been older than he claimed to be.]" — Letter to Langton, March
27. 1784.
'■I am now looking into Fl oyer, who lived with his asthma to
about his ninetieth year." — Letter to Dr. Brockteshy, July 20, 1784.
But in less than five months the '' mourners went about
the streets" for one who was so short a time before clinging
with such tenacity to the remains of life!
Floyer, Phil. The Proctor's Practice in the Eccles.
Courts, 2<I ed.. eiihirgea by Thos. Wright. Lon., 1746, 8vo.
Fiuilcl, Robert, M.D., or tie Fliictibus, surnamed
"The Searciicr," from bis invcstigntiuns in philosophy,
medicine, mathematics, Ac, 15r4-16o7, was devoted to oc-
cult sciences, and "compounded into a new mass of ab-
surdity all the mysterious and incomprehensible dreams
of the Caljli;ilist^ and Paracelsiaus." lie was a native of
Bearstead, Kent, was educated at St. John's Coll., Oxf , and
afterwards spent six years in travelling in Europe. As a
physician he attained great eminence. He wrote treatises
on alchemy, philosophy, medicine, theology, Ac., "mostly
written in Latin, and as dark and mysterious in their lan-
guage as in their matter." See a list in Athen. Oxon. A
collective edit, of his works was pub. in 6 vols. foL, Op-
penh. et Goud. To be complete, there should be 17 parts.
See Cat. do la Valliere, No. 1784:; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
ii. 729.
'• He was esteemed by many scholars a most noted philosopher,
an eminent physician, and one strangely profound in obscure mat-
ters. He was a zealous brother of the order of Rosa-Crusians. and
did 60 much doat upon the wonders of cbymistry. that hu would
refer all mysteries and miracles, even of religion, unto it." — Athen.
Oxim.
"His books written in Latin are many, gre^it, and mystical. The
last some impute to his charity, clouding his matt^?r with dark
language, lust otherwise the lustre thereof should dazzle the un-
derstanding of the reader. The same phrases he used to his pa-
tients; and seeing conceit is very contiibutive tn the wtll-working
of physic, their Cincy. or faith natural, was much advanced by bis
elevated expressions." — Fuller's Wurl/ties of Kait.
This habit of "mystifying" patients, by using "elevated
expressions," was not confined to the physicians of Fludd's
day. Fuller proceeds to remark:
'•His works are for the English to sliixht or admire, for French
and foreigners to understand and use: uot that X account them
more judicious than our countrymen; but more inquiring into
such difficulties. The truth is, here at home his books are not
beheld so good as crystal, which (some say) are prized as precious
pearls lieyond the seas." — Ubi supra.
Fludyer, John. Expos, of the C. Prayer Book of the
Ch. of Eug., Lon.. 1739, fol. Serm., 17ot), 8vo.
Flutter, J, Notes of a Bookworm, consisting chiefly
of Extracts from old and scarce works, 1827, 12mo.
Fly. Aiamanack for 1G62, 8vo.
Fly, Henry, D.D. 1. Serm.. 1794, 4to. 2. Serm.,
1798, 4to. .3. Serm. preached Oct. 19, 1803; being the day
appointed for a Public Fast. Loo.. 18((4, 8vo.
Fobes, Perez, LL.D.. d. 1812, aged 70, minister of
Raynham, graduated at Harvard Coll., 1762; Prof, in the
Coll. in R. Island. 1786. 1. Hist, of Raynham. 2. Funl.
Serm. on Prcst. Manning, 1791. 3. Election Serm., 1795.
Foe, De. See De Foe.
Fogg, A. Medical Observations, Newc, 1803, 8vo.
Fogg, Ezekias. Comfort for the Sicke, 1674.
Fogg, Laurence. 1. Two theolog. treatises, Chester,
1712, 8vo. 2. Theologia3 Speculativse Schema, 1712, 8vo.
3. Election. 1713, 8vo.
F'ogg, Peter Walker. Dissert., Grammat. and Phi-
los., Stoekp., 1796, 8vo. 2. Elementa Anglicana, 1797, 2
vols. 8vo.
Folchard, or Folcard, flour. 10B6, a French monk
who settled in England, wrote the Life and Miracles of
John of Beverley, and is said to have composed biogra-
phies of St. Berlin, Bishop Oswald, St. Adulf, and St. Bo-
tulf. Vide Acta Sanctorum Mensis Mail, tomus ii. fol.,
Antv.. 1680, pp. 168-173. The Lite and Miracles of John
of Beverley. Mabillon Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene-
dicti. Sa^culum iii., pars 1. fol., Paris. 1672, pp. 108-112.
The Life and Miracles of St. Berlin, pp. 434, 435. An
abridged copy of the life of John of Beverley.
"As a writer there is little in Folchard's style to distinguish him
from the common writers of bis age." — WriyhCs Biog. Brit. Li(.,q.v.
Foley, James. French Delectus, Lon., 1815, 12mo.
Foley, Richard. Pract. Ct. G. Session, Lon. ,1792,8vo.
Foley, Rev. Robert. 1. Lett, to Dr. Priestley. Stourb.,
1793, 8vo. 2. Defence of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1795. 8vo.
Foley, Robert. Laws rel. to the Poor, from the 43d
Eliz. to the 3d Geo. II., with Cases, Ac, Lon., 1739, '43,
'51, *oS. 8vo.
Foley, Samuel, Bishop of Down and Connor. Serms.,
1683. 4to. Giant's Causeway. Phil. Trans., 1694.
Folger, Peleg, 1734-1789, a native of Nantucket,
Mass., was employed fur a number of years in the fisheries
39
which have made his native town so deservedly famons*
He occasionally beguiled (he tedium of his voyages by
writing very credit.able poetry, a specimen of which, ex-
tracted from his Journal, will be found in Macy's History
of Nantucket.
Folger, Peter, 1618-1690, a native of England, set-
tled at Martha's Vineyard in 1635, and removed to Nan-
tucket in 1662. He married Mary Morrill; his daughter
Abiah was the mother of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin.
He wrote a poem, finished April 23, 1676, entitled A Look-
ing Glass for the Times.
"The author addresses himself to the governors for the tim»
being: speaks for liberty of couscience, and in favour of the Ana-
baptists, Quakers, and other Sectaries, who had suffered persecu-
tion. . . . The poem appeared to he written with a manly freedom
and a pleasing simplicity.'" — Dr. Fban'KL1>'.
The following is a specimen of this splendid effort of
genius :
"I am for peace and not for war,
And that's the reason why
I write more plain than some men do,
That use to daub and lie.
But I shall cease, and set my name-
To what I here insert;
Because to be a libeller.
I hate it with my heart.
From Sherbon town wh<;re now I dwell,
.^ly name do I put hnre
Without offence, your real friend,
It is Peter Folger."
This was pub. in 1675, and reprinted in 1763. It is now-
very rare, but the reader will find it in that valuable work,
which none ol our readers should be without, E. A. and
G. L. Duyckineks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Folger is described as an
"Able, godly Englishman, who was employed in teaching the
youth in reading, writing, and the principles of religion by cate-
chising."— Princess Xiw Enijland. tiee Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.;
B. Franklin's Works.
FoHot, Gilbert, d. 1188, a monk of Cluny, Abbot of
Gloucester, 1139; Bishop of Hereford, 1148; of London,
1163. He wrote Exp'isitio iu Cant. Cantieorum, edidit
Patr. Junius. Lon., 163S. 4to, a number of Letters, <fec.
Some have been printed in the Epistohe S. Thoma, and
many are in MS. in the Bodleian Library, Ac. See Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit.
Foliot,Robert,d.l 1 86,Bishop of Hereford, ll'74,wrote
a treatise De Sacramentis Veteris Testamenti. — ^ri/ */'/jra;
Folkes, Martin, 1690-1754, au eminent English an-
tiquary, was educated at Saumur, and at Clare Hall, Camb.
In 1 74 1 he succeeded Sir Hans Sloane as Pres. of the Royal
Society. Tables of English Gold and Silver Coins, with
their "Weights, Intrinsic Values, Ac, 1736, '45, 4to. New
ed., much improved, pub. by tlie Society of Antiquaries»-
edit. by Dr. Andrew Gifford. 1763, 2 vols. 4to; 1772, 4to.
Con. on astronomy, antiquities, and nat. hist., to Phil:
Trans., 1717, '37, '45, '70. An interesting account of this
learned antiquary will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anecdotea
from materials originally drawn up by Dr. Birch. See a
Catalogue of the entire and valuable library of M. Folkes,
sold by auction, 1756, Lon., 1756, 8vo.
"Mr. Martin Folkes may justly be ranked among the most useful
as well as splendid literary characters of which this country can
boast. The collection was an exceedingly fine one; enriched with
many books of choicest description." — Dibdin's Bibliomania.
F'olkingham, or Folliugham, W. 1. Epitome of
Surveying Methodised, Lon., 1610, 4to. 2. Compound Ale,
1623, 12mo. 3. Brachigraphy, or Shorte Writing, 8vo. See
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Follen, Charles Theodore Christian, J.U.D., b.
Sep. 4, 1796, at KomWid. in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-
Darmstadt, perished iu the conflagration of the steamboat
Lexington, Jan. 13, 1840. He held several responsible posi-
tiims in Europe and the United States, and from 1831 to
18;U was Prof, of the German Language and Literature in
Harvard Coll. For some years before his death he officiated
as a Unitarian minister, and in May, 1839, received a call
to a congregation at East Lexington, Mass. 1. German
Grammar, Bost., 12mo. 2. German Reader. 3. German
Versification of the Gospel of St. John, 12mo. A collective
edit, of his Works, edited by his widow, Eltza Lee Follen,
was pub., in 5 vols. sm. 8vo, in 1841, and in the same year
Mrs. Follen pub. a Memoir of his Life, 12mo. Reviews of
the Life and Writings of Prof. Follen will be found in thO'
Democratic Rev., vii. 466; Chris. Examiner, sxviii. 87;
xxxiii. 33 ; and Life by H. J. Raymond, in Biog. Ann., 1841,
8vo.
Follen, Eliza Lee, formerly Miss Cabot, a native
of Boston, was married in 1828 to Prof. Charles Follen,
(see above.) She has pub. several works, the principal of
which are Sketches of Married Life, The Skeptic, and a
FOL
FOR
Lift of Charles Fnllen.Just .Miecd^,, Phe W also ,iven ' Na^. Vindication of his Cc.,lucta^^ of
tu the world The Well-Slieiit Hour, Words of Truth, (Jer-
man Fairy Tales, Hymns, .Songs and Fables, Selections
from Fenelon, Birthday Poems, and Nursery Songs. The
larger part of her poetry will be found in a vol. pub. in
Boston in 1839, entitled,' Poems on Occasional Topics.
Folliot. Fast Serm., I,on., 1798, 4to.
Follisiiis, Jacob. JacoH Follisii Edinburgensis ca-
lamitosa; Pestis elegiaca Dcploratio, 4to.
Folsom, Charles. 1. Cicero's Orations; English
Notes. Bost. 2. Livy ; English Notes.
Folsom, George, grad. at Cambridge Univ., 1S22;
in 184i was elected to the Senate of the State of N.Y. 1. Ilist.
Sketches of Saco and Biddcford, Saco, 18:)0, 12mo. 2. Mexico
in 1842, N. York, 1842, 18mo. 3. Letters and Despatches
of Cortez; trans, from the Spanish, 1843, Svo and 12mo.
"This Btirrinii n.irr.itiTe of toil and adventure, addressi-il by
the celebrated conqueror of Mexico to his Sovereign, althMiii:h r<-
plete with the most romantic interest, has hitherto escapi-d an
English translator. Written amidst the very scones described, in
a tone of honest sincerity, and with a scrupulous attention to
truth, these Letters, or Dispatches, after being published sep.a-
ratelv as they were received in Spain, seem to have been overlooked
and forgotten when in the lapse of time the original editions had
disappeared from the public <:ye."—Eitract from the Preface.
This is a trans, of the second, third, and fourth letters of
Cortez, from the ed. pub. in Mexico in 1770 by Lorcnzana.
Mr. Folsom must not forget the request of Mr. Kich that
he would favour us with trans, of other letters of Cortez.
4. Address before the Maine Hist. Soc, Sept. 6, 1846, 8vo.
Folsom, N. S. Crit. and Hist. Interp. of the Pro-
phecies of Daniel, Bost., 1842, 12mo.
Fonblanque, Albany, b. 1800, a son of John de
Greuier Fonblanciue, the eminent lawyer, was for many
years proprietor and editor of the London Examiner, which
obtained great reputation through his literary abilities.
Much of the matter in his work entitled England under
Seven Administrations, pub. in 1837, 3 vols. p. Svo, origi-
ually appeared in his editorial columns. Upon Mr. F.'s
acceptance of a post in the Board of Trade, the Examiner
passed into the charge of Mr. John Forster.
Fonblanque, John do Grenier, 1759-1837, an
eminent English lawyer. Senior King's Counsel, and
Senior Benchor of the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple.
1. A Treatise of Equity, 1792, '93, 2 vols. 8vo : 4th ed.,
with Fr.ancis's Maxims of Equity, 1812, 7 vols. 8vo,- 5th
ed., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo ; 4th Amer. ed., by Anthony Laussat,
Brooktield, 1835, 2 vols, in 1, Svo. The original of this
work was an anonymous treatise, pub. Lon., 1737, fob,
ascribed to Henry Ballon. Mr. F. added as much as he
found, both in quantity and value, and gained great repu-
tation by his labours.
" Few works have attained such universal approbation, or been
more generally read. The notes are copious, perspicuous, and
learned, and the authorities are full and pertinent."— i/':^"i^(»"s
Leg. Stu., 400.
It has been pretty much superseded, both in England
and America, by Maddock's Chancery and Chief-Justice
Story's Commentaries on Equity Jurisprudence.
2. Doubts, Ac. rel. to Bullion Committee's Recommenda-
tion, 1810, Svo. 3. To Electors, Svo.
Fonblanque, J. S. M., Com. of Bkrupts., son of the
preceding Fonblanque. 1. Bkrupt, Statutes, 1825, Svo.
2. Medical Jurisprudence, 1823, 3 vols. Svo, in conjunc-
tion with J. A. Paris, M.D.
Fonblanque, J. VV. M. Cases in the several Cts. of
the Com. of Dkruptcv. Act 1849. Lon., 1849-51, Pts. 1 and 2.
Fond, John. System of Music, Lon., 1725, Svo.
Foord, or Ford, Anthony. Summary of the Sacra-
ments, Lon., 16mo. Sine aiuio.
Foord, Edward. See Ford.
Foord, John. E.vpos. lib. Psalmorum, 1646, 4fo.
Foord, Joseph, a minister of the Ch. of Scotland.
19 Serms., Edin., 1719, Svo : 3d od., 1759, 12mo.
Foot, James. Penseroso; or. The Pensive Man in
his Solitudes: a Poem, in six Books. Lon., 1771, Svo.
Foot^ Jesse, 1744-1827, an English surgeon, pub.
several professional treatises. The Life of John Hunter,
1794, Svo ; The Life of A. R. Bowes and the Countess of
Strathmore, 1810, Svo; The Life of Arthur Murphy, 1811,
4to,- and some other works.
Foot, John, surgeon. Appeal, 1769, Svo.
Foot, Peter. Agricult. of Middlesex, 1794, 4to
"Always riickuued a superior work." — Oonaldsmi^s AiiricuU. Biog.
Foot, Rev. Wni. A Charge, Lon., 1753, Svo.
Foote, Lt. Andrew H., Cominandor U. States Navy.
Africa and the American Flag, N. York, 1854, 12mo. An
interesting work.
Foote, Capt. E. J., Rear-Admiral of the Blue, R.
610
McArthur anil Clarke in the Life of Nelson, 1807.
Foote, H. S. Texas and the Texans, Phila., 1841,
2 vols. 12mo. See Lieber's Essays on Property, &c., 148.
Foote, James, minister of the Free East Church,
Aberdeen. 1. Lectures on the Gospel according to Luke,
Edin., 6 vols. sm. Svo; 2d ed., 1S49, 3 vols. fp. Svo; 3d
ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo.
" These Lectures are characterized by the valuable qualities of
good sense, scriptural sentiment, and perspicuous siy\e."— Edin.
Chris. Instruc.
" Very practical and useful." — Bickersleth's C. S.
2. Treatise on Effectual Calling, 1846, fp. Svo.
" We coidially recommend this little volume as well adapted to
awaken the careless, and to instruct and encourage the thought-
ful."—/*//i/('5i 3/((,7.
Foote, Samuel, 1722-1777, "The English Aristo-
phanes," a native of Truro, Cornwall, was of a highly re-
spectable family. After pursuing his studies at Worcester
Coll., Oxf., and" at the Middle Temple, he went upon the
stage, where, not meeting with the success he desired, ho
determined to turn dramatic author, and write pieces suited
to his capacities as an actor. In 1747 he opened The
Little Theatre in the Haymarket, with a piece of his own,
called The Diversions of the Morning, which was very
successful. Wo need not marvel at this when we consider
that he represented real characters, and imitated their
voice, gait, and gestures, in the most striking manner.
Thenceforth the Little Theatre, Haymarket, was under-
stood to be the regular summer resort when the other two
theatres were closed.
Of the following comic dramatic pieces of his composi-
tion— taken from Biog. Dramat. — twenty were pub. 1. An
Auction of Pictures, 1748. 2. Taste, 1752. 3. The Eng-
lisbman in Paris, 1753. 4. The Knights, 1754. 5. The
Englishman returned from Paris, 1756. 6. The Author,
1767. 7. The Minor, 1760. 8. The Orators, 1762. 9. The
Lyar, 1762. 10. The Mayor of Garrat, 1764. 11. The Pa-
tron, 1764. 12. The Commissary, 1765. 13. Prelude on
opening the Theatre, 1767. 14. The Lame Lover, 1770.
15. Piety in Pattens, 1773. 16. The Bankrupt, 1776. 17.
The Devil upon Two Sticks, 1768. 18. The Maid of Bath,
1771. 19. The Nabob, 1772. 20. The Cozeners, 1774.
21. The Capuchin, 1776. 22. A Trip to Calais. 177S.
23. The Tryal of Samuel Foote, 1763. 24. Diversions of
the Morning, 1747, '58. 25. Lindamira, 1805. 26. The
Slanderer. Left in MS., 27. The Young Hypocrite. For
particulars respecting dates sec Biog. Dramat; and see ft
notice of some other works, .ascribed to him, in Bibl. Brit.
Dramatic Works, 1778, 4 vols. Svo. Frequently reprinted
in 2 vols. Svo. Life, 1788, Svo. Memoirs of his Life, and
some of his Writings, see Cooke, William.
Foote was as much famed for his numerous powers in
social life as he was on the stage. Of this we have an
amusing evidence in the following story, related by Dr.
Johnson;
"The first time I was in company with Foote was at Fitzher-
berfs. Having no good opinion of the fellow, I was resolved not
to be pleased; and it is very diflicult to please a man against his
will. I went on eating my dinner pretty sullenly, aflecting not
to mind him ; but the dog was so very comical, that I was obliged
to lay down my knife and fork, throw myself back in my chair,
and fairly laugh it out. Sir, he was irresistible."
Boswell remarks ;
" Foote told me that Johnson said of him, 'For loud, obstrepe-
rous, broad-faced mirth. I know not his enual.'"
It is not difficult to guess at the secret of Foote's success
with Johnson :
" lie [Foote] was, perhaps, the only man among the set, totjilly
independent of .Johnson's monarchy; he had an intrepid wit and
pleasantry of his own, and wa.s fearless of any colloquial antiigo-
nist." — Oilman's Jiandom Records.
See Boswell's Life of Johnson; Cooke's Life of Foote;
Davies's Life of Garrick.
Foote, Samuel, Jr. Reform ; a Farce, modernized
from Aristophanes, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Foote, Wm. Henry, D.D. 1. Sketches of North
Carolina, Hist, and Biog.. N. York, 1S46, Svo. 2. Sketches
of Virginia, Hist, and Biog., 1st Series, Phila., 1849, Svo;
2d Series, 1855, Svo.
"And now. kind reader, you shidl be introduced to some of those
early settlements made by men of strong minds, ready hands, and
brave hearts, the elements of whose character, like the couutry
they chose, have been developed in the prosperity of Virginia."—
Jn/rwittctimi.
Forbes. Eloge de la Ville Edinbourg. divisg en qua-
trcs Cli.ants, par le Sicur de Forbes, Edin., 1753, 12mo.
Forbes, Alexander. An Anatomy of Independency,
Lon., 1644, 4to.
Forbes, Alexander, Lord Forbes of Pifsligo. d. 1749,
an adherent of the exiled Royal family, commanded a
FOR
troop of horse in the Rehellion of 1745. After the hnttle
of CuUoden he fled to France, but returned to Scotland in
1749. Ho is supposed to be the prototype of the Baron
of Brawardine in Sir Walter Scott's Waverlcy. He wrote
Moral and Philosophical Essays, 1763.
•' His lordship is said to have been a man of good parts, great
honour and spirit, .ind universally beloved and esteemed." See
Park's Walpole's R. A N. Authors.
Forbes, Alexander, Hist, of Upper and Lower Cali-
fornia, Lon., 1S39, 8vo.
"This work furuishes us with a striking illustration of the
wretchedness of man, if he lives without exrhange and well-de-
veloped property, even though surrounded by a bountiful nature."
— Liebe^s Essays on Prvperty and Labour, p. 140; and see pp. liS,
149.
" A valuable work. The author was one of the first of the Anglo-
Saxon race to explore this, till lately, unknown country; hereaped
the reward of his enterprise by securing the possession of the great
quicksilver mines, uow worked by the firm of which he is the
head."
"A work of superior excellence and most useful instruction." —
Chancellor Kent.
Forbes, Alexander P., D.C.L., Bishop of Brechin.
]. Comment, on the Te Deum, 1860. ?,1mo. 2. Short Ex-
plan, of the Niceue Creed, Oxf.. 1850, '52, 8vo.
Forbes, Arthur, Earl of Granard. A True Copie of
Two Letters bruu;;lit Ijy Mr. Peters, Ac, Lon., 1642, 4to,
Forbes, Daniel. Case of Ileus ; Med. Com., 1785.
Forbes, David. A Prophesiu of Doomsday, 2d ed.,
Edin., 1631, ISmo.
Forbes, Rt. Hou. Duncan, 1685-1747, a native
of Culloden, studied at Edinburgh, Utrecht. Leydon, and
Paris, and, after his return from the continent in 1707,
practised as an advocate ; Solicitur-General from Scotland,
1717 ; Lord Advocate, 1725 ; Lord President of the Ct. of
Sessions, 1737. In the Rebellion of 1745 he zeab>usly op-
posed the Pretender, and was so much chagrined at the
ungrateful refusal of government to relmburt-e his expenses
thereby incurred, that he fell a victim to a fever produced
by excitement of mind. 1. Thoughts on Keligion, Natural
and Revealed, Edin., 1735, '43, Svo. Trans, into French
by Father Houbigant.
"President Forbes w.ts a considerable Hebrew scholar, of the
school of Ilutchinsnn, The system of that singular writer appears
to greater advantage in this small volume than in any of his own
works, or those of his other followers." — Orme's Btbl. Bib.
2. Letter to a Bishop resp. some imp. Discov. in Philos.
and Theol., Lon., 1735, 4to. Also trans, into French by
Father Houbigant. 3. Reflections on the Sources of In-
credulity with regard to Religion, Edin., 1760, 2 vols.
12mo, or 1 vol. 12mo. Posth.
"A little jewel. I kuew and venerated the man; one of the
greatest that ever Scotland bred, both as a judge, a patriot, and a
Christian." — Bishop Warbueton.
4. Works, with a bing. Sketch of the Author by J. Ban-
natyne, Esq., Edin., 1816, .Svo. Works, 2 vols. 12mo. See
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Duncan Forbes, Lou.,
1748, Svo; the Cullodeu Papers, 1S15, 4to ; Lord Woud-
houselee's Life of Karnes; Chambers's Lives of lUust. and
Dist. Scotsmen ; J. H. Burton's Lives of Duncan Forbes
and Lord Lovat, Lon., 1847, p. Svo j Edin., Lon. Quart., and
N. Brit. Reviews.
"Ilis natural talents were of the very first order, enlarged by an
excellent education, completely disciplined and fully matured by
hahits of intense study, and of minute, and at the same time, ex-
tensive observation; and they were all employed most honourably
and conscientiously in the real business of life." — Lord Wooi>-
BOUSELEE.
Forbes, Duncan. 1. E. India and Col. Guide. Lon.,
1841, 12rao. 2. Hindustani Manual, 1S45, 2d ed., 1848,
ISmo. 3. Hindustani Gram., 1846, Svo. 4. Hindu Reader,
r. Svo. 5. Persian Gram., r. Svo. fi. Bagh-0-Bahar : Tales
in Hindustani, 1846, r. Svo. 7. Diet. Hind.-Eng., Eng.-
Hind., 1846, Svo. The most copious diet, of the kind in
a portable form. 8. Oriental Penmanship, 1S49, 4to.
Forbes, Prof. Edward, 1S15-1854. 1. Hist, of
Brit. Star Fishes, Lon,, 1841. demy Svo and r. Svo. This
vol. is uniform with the Brit. Quadrupeds and Brit. Rep-
tiles, by Prof. Bell, and the Brit. Birds and Brit. Fit-hes,
by Mr. Yarrell,
'' Discloses a world of wonders round our shores. The illustra-
tions, in which fancy is made to enlighten science, are very beauti-
ful."'—iJW^is/i Critic.
2. Inaugural Lect. on Botany, 1843, Svo. 3. Synopsis of
the Brit. Naked-eyed Pulmograde Medusae. Ray Society,
3d issue, 4th year, 1S47. 4. In conjuuction with S. Han-
ley; Hist, of Brit. M<.llusca, 1853. 4 vols. Svo. £6 lOv. r,
Svo; plates col'd, £13. 5. Zoology of the Voyngc of H.
M. Ship Herald, 3 vols. r. 4to. 6. In conjuetion witb Prof.
Huxley ; MoUusca and Radiata of the Voyage of H. M.
Ship Herald. Preparing for publication, (1855.)
Forbes, Eli, D.D., 1726-1804, minister of Brookfield
FOR
and of Gloucester, Mass. Ho pub. A Family Book, Serms.,
Ac, 1761-92, &o.
Forbes, F. E, 1. Six Months' Service in the African
Blockade, Lon., p. Svo. Five Years in China, 1842^7,
1848, Svo. 3. Dahomey and the Dahomans, 1849-50,
2 vols. p. Svo, 1851.
Forbes, Francis. 1. New Husbandry, Lou., 1778,
Svo. 2. Improvement of Waste Lands, 1778, Svo.
'•The practical part is nothmgy—VtmaUIson's AgricuU. Biog.
Forbes, G. H. Prize Essay on the Goodness of God,
Edin.. 1849, Svo.
Forbes, J. G., of the city of New York. Sketches
of Florida, 1821.
Forbes, James, 1749-1819, a native of London, con-
nected with the civil service of the East India Company.
1. Letters from France in 1803-04, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. Svo.
2. Kctlections on the Character of the Hindoos, and the
importance of converting them to Christianity, 1810, Svo.
3. Oriental Memoirs : a Narrative of Seventeen Years' Re-
sidence in India, including Observ. on parts of Africa and
S. America, and Journals of Four Indian Voyages. Em-
bellished with 95 fine engravings, by Charles Heath,
Storer, Greig, Angus, and Wageman, Lon., 1813-15,
4 vols. 4to. Pub. at £16 16s. Some copies have 27 addit.
Plates, by Thomas and Wm. Dauiell, also sold separately
[at about £2 2«.] to complete former copies. The Plates
of Nat. Hist, are beautifully col'd. See a list of the 122
engravings in II. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841. This
splendid work, with the addit. 27 plates, can now be pro-
cured for about eight guineas. For an extended descrip-
tion of it we must refer the reader to the London Quart.
Rev., xii. 180-227. Mr. Forbes compiled this work from
his original materials of 150 folio vols., containing 52,000
pages of MS. letters and drawings.
■* The volumes weie published at his own cost, and a work more
splendid or moie complete iu its decorations we have seldom seen."
— Lnn. Qitar. Rev.
"The drawings and collections of Mr. Forbes seem almost to ex-
ceed the powers of human industry and perseverance, and this
literary mf>numeut to his name may fairly be considered the es-
sence of his extraordinary researches. The whole work is very
entertaining as well as instructive." — Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"Of all the works which have been published on India, this,
perhaps, is the most sterlingly valuable." — Lon. Atlas.
"It is to be regretted that this very splendid and expensive
work was not published iu a cheaper form, as it abounds in most
striking pictures of the manners, customs, &c. of India.' — Steven-
sort's Voyages arid Travels.
Since the above was written, Mr. Forbes's daughter,
the Countess do Montalemberi, has pub. {in 1834) an
abridgt. of the Oriental Memoirs, in 2 vols. Svo, with a
4to Atlas of 85 Plates, of which 24 — those of Nat. Hist. —
are beautifully col'd. Such copies were pub. at £5 15«. 6rf.,
and can now be had for about £2 lbs. j or the Atlas alone
for £1 15s.
Forbes, James D., Prof, of Nat. Philos. in the
Univ. of Edin. 1. Travels through the Alps of Savoy,
Lon., 1S43, imp. Svo; 2d ed., 1845.
*' This work contains ample and exact details in topography. . . .
It abounds with daring and hazardous adventures, contains no-
tices of occasional catastrophes that have beCillen less fortunate
explorers, presents interesting discoveries with new deductions,
and is clothed in a stylo and diction entirely iu keeping with the
beauty and grandeur of the subject. . . . We have perused the
work with intense pleasure and large instruction." — Silliman's
American Journal of ."Science and Arts.
" Ks ist uustreitig eines der gediegensten Werke die seit langerer
Zeit Uber die Alpen erschienen sind. . . . Zugleich ist die Dai^
stelluu^ so geschmackvoll, und die theoretischen und abstrakteren
Untersucbungeu sind sogeschicktvei-flochten mitbistorischeu und
beschreibenden Sttlcken, dasz man das Ruch mit immer Steigen-
deu Interesse zu Ende liest." — Le-onhard's Jahrbuch.
''This elaborate aud beautifully-illustrated work."— §tfari€r;y
Review.
. . . '-Pregnant with \nt&vc^i'''—E'iivburgh Reviexo.
2. Norway and its Glaciers visited in 1S5I, Edin., 1853,
r. Svo.
Forbes, James Grant, Sketches, Hist. and Topog.,
of the Floridas, N. York, 1821, Svo.
'•A wretched compilation from old works." — N. Avicr. Jiev., xxvi.
4S2.
"Contains much valuable information." — Hh, xiil. 98.
Forbes, John, 1570 ?-1 634. originally a minister of
the Ch. of S<'utl:ind, became minister at Middleburg, in
Holland, about 1011. 1. A Treatise tending to clear the
Doctrine of Justification. Middle., 161fi, 4to ; 1(536. 2. Cer-
taine Records touching the Estate of the Kirk in the Years
1605 and 1606, pub. with Wm. Scot's Ap(;logetical Narra-
tion rcl. to Kirk of Scotland, Edin., 1846, Svo.
F'orbes, John, of Corse, 1593-1648, second son of
Bishop Patrick Forbes, was educated at King's Coll.,
Aberdeen, and in Germany; Prof, of Divinity aud Eccles.
Hist., King's Coll.^ Aberdeen, 1619: ejected for refusing
FOR
FOR
to sign the Covenant, 1640. He rcsi'lcd for two years in
HoUani], and is sometimes confounded with John Forbes,
anfe. His Irenicum pro Ecclesia Seotiana, Aberd., 1629,
4to, written to compose the religious dissensions of Scot-
land, and the Institutioues Historico-Theologicao, Anist.,
164S, fol., have been greatly admired. A collective edit.
of his works was pub. by Prof. Gurtler, of Deventer, and
George Garden, of Aberdeen, in 170;i, 2 vols. ful. Opera
Omnia, inter quaa phirima Posthuma cum Vita Auetoris,
Amst.
*'The most valuable book of the kind that any student can pos-
sibly make use of. lie will tbere see a complete history of all the
controversies that have distr.iftfd the Church of Christ, deduced
through every age, with tht-ir minutest branches and subdivisions.
The proper authorities are always set down, so that nothing needs
to be taken on trust." — Wutton.
"Forbes was an e.tL'flkmt man, a profound scholar, aud masterly
writer." — Dr. Williams's C. P.
"Much learnin<; and pli-ly in his ^ovks."— Bicker sir th's C. S.
Forbes, Johu, of Delft. Serm., Delft, 1642, 12mo.
Forbes, John. Cure of the Afflicted. Lon., 1643, 12mo.
Forbes, Johii* Songs and Fancies to several Musi-
cal Parts, with a Iirief Introduc. to Musick. Aberd., 1682,
4to. 2. Mariner's Everlasting Almanack, 1685.
Forbes, Jobii. Epigrammata, Lou., 1739, 4to.
Forbes, John, D.D., minister of St. Paul's Church,
Glasgow. Theory of the Differential and Integral Calcu-
lus, Lon., 183S, Svo.
"Out! of those brilliant beacons which will long illuminate the
path of science." — Scottish Giiardi'Tii.
Forbes, John, LL.D., of Donaldson's Hospital, Edin-
burgh. Symmetrical Structure of Scripture, Edin., Svo.
"l)r. Forbes is a profound and accurate scholar; he has brought
much leaiuing, both oiiental and occidental, to bear on this vo-
lume."— Bihliotheca Sacra.
"A most valuable commentary on the passages adduced, as well
as the key to the further comprehension of the sacred writings in
general." — Oh. of Eng. Qttar. Rev.
Forbes, Sir John, M.D., D.C.L,, Physician to her
Majesty's Household, editor of the Brit, and For. Med.
Rev., one of the editors of the Cye. of Practical Medicine,
(see DuNGLisoN, Robi.ev, M.D., No. 8.) Ac. 1. Obscrvs.
on the Climate of Penzance, (fcc, Loii., 1S2S. 2. A Manual
of Select Medical Biblingraphy, Lou., 1835, r. Svo. This
otherwise excellent work has one capital defect, — the want
of an Index Nominum. We marvel at so great an over-
sight. 3. lUust. of Modern Mesmerism, Lon., 1846, Svo.
4. Treatise on Diseases of the Chest, 8vo. 5. Genl. Index
to the Brit, and For. Med. Eev., 1849, Svo. 0. A Phy-
sician's Holiday; or, A Month in Switzerland during the
Year 1848 j 1849, p. 8vo ; 3d ed., 1852.
"Those who contemjilate a thorough or a partial tour through
Switzerland will find A Physician's Holiday very useful." —
Lon. Sj»'ctator.
7. Memoranda made in Ireland, 1852; 1852. 8. Sight-
Seeing in Germany, Ac, 1855, p. Svo; 1856. 9. Nature
and Art in the Cure of Disease, 1857. cr. Svo; 2d ed., 1858.
Forbes, John, M.D. Physiological Effects of Alco-
holic Drinks, Bost. 2. Water-Curo ; or, Hydropathy, Phila.
3. Homrenpathy, Allopathy, and Physic, 1846, 12mo.
Forbes, John II., and John Jardine. Decisions
in Ct. of Se^s.. Nov., 18111-July, 1S07. Edin., fol.
Forbes, 3Iajor John. Eleven Years in Ceylon;
Field Sports; Nat. Hist.; Antiq., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. Svo.
Forbes, Leslie. Speech in H. of Com., 1817.
Forbes, Murray. Gravel and Gout, Lon., 1793, Svo.
Forbes, Patrick, 1564-1635, Lord of Corse and Ba-
ron of O'Neil. a native of Aberdeenshire, educated at Aber-
deen and St. Andrews, Chancellor of the Univ. of Aberdeen,
was made Bishop of Aberdeen in 1618. His Lordship pub.
some serms., 1635, 4to, and two theulug. treatises, 1614, '27,
but is best known by his Commcntarie upon the Revela-
tion of St. John, Middleb., 1614, 4to. A trans., by his
eon, John Forbes, {see ante,) was pub. at Amst. in 1616,
4to. This includes his two theolug. treatises noticed above.
"The Commentary is bi-ief, but discovers some le-irning and at-
tention to the meaning of the Apocalypse. The author was one
of the most respectable of the Scottish divines who embraced Epis-
copacy."— Ornie's Bihl. Bib.
In 1635, 4to, was pub. Funerals of Patrick Forbes, of
Corse, Bishop of Aberdeene, consisting of serms.. onitions,
epitaphs, and other pieces on the death of the good Bishop.
This was reprinted by Charles Farquhar Shand, Esq., Ad-
vocate, Edin., 1845, Svo, for the Spottiswoode Society.
"Few such literary monuments have been raised to the memory
of distinguished individuals as the Funei-als of Bp. Patrick Forbes."
Vide. Preface.
Forbes, Patrick, M.D. Full View of the Pub.
Transac. in the Ileigu of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1740, '41,
2 vols. fol.
Forbes, Patrick, D.D. Principles of Interpretation
612
of the 0. Test., trans, from the Institutio Interpretis Ve-
teris Testament! of J. H. Pareau, Edin., 1835-38, 2 vols.
12mo. This work also forms vols, xxi., xsiv., of the Edin.
Cabinet Library.
"It is a very useful compendium of the principles of sacred her-
men>-utics applied to the Old Testament. The translation is fiiith-
ful and accurate." — Home's Bihl. Bib.
Forbes, Robert. CoUec. of Scot. Poems, with a Col-
lec. of Scot. Proverbs, by Rev. David Ferguson. 1777, 1 2mo.
Forbes, William, 1585-1634, a native of Aberdeen,
and educated in that city and abroad, became Principal of
Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, and Rector of the Univ. He
was the first Bishop of Edinburgh, but died in three months
after his consecration. After his death was pub. his Con-
siderationes raodestae et pacifica; Controversarium, de Jus-
tificatione, Purgatorio, Invocatione Sanctorum et Christo
Meditatore, Eucharistia, Lon., 1658, Svo. This was edited
by Dr. Thomas Gale. It is in course of republication, 4th
ed., in the Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., voh i., 1850, Svo; vol.
ii., we presume, may be expected shortly.
Forbes, William, Prof, of Law, Glasgow. 1. Bills
of Exchange. Edin., 1703, '18, 12mo. 2. Church Lands
and Tithes, 1705, 12mo. 3. Remarks on James Gordon's
Observ. on No. 2, 1706, 12mo. 4. Justices of Peace in
Scot., 1707, 12mo. 5. Law of Election, M. P., for Scot,
1740, Svu. 6. Jour, of the Session, 1714, 12mo. 7. Insti-
tutes of the Law of Scot., 1722-30, 2 vols. Svo.
Forbes, Sir William, 1739-1806, a native of Pit-
sligo, in conjunction with Sir James Hunter Blair, founded
the first banking establishment in Edinburgh. Account
of the Life and Writings of James Beattie, LL.D., inclu-
ding many of hig original Letters, Edin., 1806, 2 vols. 4to;
1807, 3 vols. Svo J 1824, 2 vols. Svo. See Beattie,
James, LL.D.
" For what Sir William Forbes has written in these volumes, we
can e.isily fortjive him ; but he cannot escape censure for much of
what he has pu)ilislied. . . . Protestinf;, as we have always done,
against thu multiplication of needless quartos and the publication
of oiijinary epistles, we cannot avoid saying that his book is a
great ileal longer, and a great deal duller, than we are bound to
toll-rate," — Lord .Ieffret: Edin. Rev., x. 172.
Forby, Rev. Ilobert, Rector of Fincham, Norfolk.
1. Lett, to Bp. of Norwich rel. to Bible Society and Miss'y
Society, 1815, Svo. 2. Vocabulary of Norfolk and Suffolk,
by Turner, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Force, Peter, President of the National Institute at
Washington. D.C. His library of works relating to America
is perhaps the largest ever collected in the U.S. 1. The
National Calendar, and Annals of the U. States for 1833,
Washington, 1833, 12mo, pp. 336 : continued for a few years.
2. Tracts and other Papers relating principally to the
Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in N.
America from the Discovery of the Country to 1776, 1836-
47, 4 vols. r. Svo.
" With these slight abatements, [see article.] we regard the vo-
lume before us as a very valuable contribution to the materials of
our early history, and as highly creditable to the capacity and dili-
gence of the editor. . . . We intended, had the limits of this. irticle
permitted, to give some account of another worii projected by Mr.
Force, in connection with Matthew St. Clair Clarke, under a con-
tract with tlie Government of the United States, to be entitled
"The Documentary History of the Revolution ;' a work, the plan
of which is gigantic, and the execution of which would be a t-ask
truly Herculean. The plan contemplates the pulilishing of every
document relating to the history of the United States, whether
printnl or manuscript, fioni the origin of the colonies down to the
adnptinn nf the Federal Constitution. The work will occupy at
Ifast twenty-live vol unii's, and the cost nf fifteen hundred copies la
fstimated at tour hundred and eight Ihousaud dollars. We hope
that the work, in some modified form, will go on; although we
very much fear that this large historical drag-net will sweep up
some rubbish, as well as much valuable material. Should the first
volume ever appear, we shall take an opportunity to go more at
large into the subject." — J. G. Palfrey ; N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 274-
27 R.
3. American Archives : Documentary History of the
American Revolution; 4th Series. 6 vols., Washington,
1837-46; 5th Series, 3 vols., 1848-53,— in all, 9 vols. fol.
Owing to a misunderstanding in regard to the law author
izing the publication of this most valuable work, it was
discontinued while Mr. Marcy was Sec. of State of tbo
U.S. See Clarke, Matthew St. Claiii. and N. Amcr.
Rev., xlvi. 475. 4. Record of Auroral Phenomena Ob-
served in the Higher Northern Latitudes; Smithsonian
Ciintrib., Washington, 1856, 4to. His contributions on
the subject of Arctic Discovery were considered as au-
thority by Dr. Kane.
Ford," Dliss, 1. Letter. 2. Music Glasses, 1761, '62.
Ford, Anthony. See Foonn.
Ford, David. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1794, Svo.
I'^ord, David Everard. 1. Hud. of Music, Lon. 2.
Orig. Psalm and Hymn Tunes, 1833. 3. Chorazin, 1841,
FOR
FOR
18mo. 4. Damascus, 1842, 18mo. 5. Decapolisj new ed.,
1843, ISmo.
" A work which has been read by all classes of the community,
and has Itc.-n emineutly bles,secl by God to the revival of pure and
miiiefiled rt-lijiiuD in various parts of the country." — Lon. Congreg.
Mar/., Aiiij. 1S41.
G. Pastoral Addresses, 1843, 32mo. 7. Laodicea, 1844,
18mo. 8. Alarm in Ziou, 1848, ISmo. 9. Congreg. Psal-
mody, 18-iy, ob,
" We congratulate the author on the growinp acceptance of his
works; thousand folluwing thousand in rapid succession. This
fact we regard as a token for good. They are fitted, by the blessing
of God, to confer lasting benefits on ihe church and the world.'' —
Lon. Ecmvali&t, Oct. Iti42.
Ford, Sir Edward, a son of Sir John Ford, Susses,
was educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf. 1. A Det^ii^ne for bring-
ing a River to St. (iyles, Lon., 1641, 1720. 4tn. 2. Exper.
Proposals how the King may have money, Ac, 1GG6, 4tu.
3. Befence of Bill Credit. Printed at end of No. 2. In Chal-
mers's Diet., and also in Ruse's Diet., we find this author
called Sir John Ford.
"He was a great virtuoso of his time, yet none of the Royal
society, and nught have done greater matters, if that he had not
been discouniged for these things he had done before."— -flf/i^n.
Oxon., q. V.
i'ord, or Foord, Edward. 1. Wine and Women,
Lon., 1647, 12mo. 2. An Alarm of Trumpets, 1651, 12mo.
3. Fair Play in the Lottery ; or Mirth fur Money, ] 660. 12mo.
Ford, Edward, surgeon. Diseases of the Hip Joint,
(fee, Lon., 1794, 8vu; 2d ed., by T. Copeland, 18H). 8vo.
Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778 ; to Med. Tracts, 1791, '94.
Ford, Georsje- Serms.. 1796, 1803.
Ford, J. Grig. Righteousness, Ac, 1675, Svo.
Ford, James, late of Oriel Coll., Prob. of Exeter.
The Gospel uf St. Matthew illustrated from ancient and
modern authors, Lon., 1848, 8vo ; of St. Mark, do., 1S49;
of St. Luke, do., 1851 ; of St. John, do., 1852.
Notice of the work on St. Matthew:
"In examining this work wo have been struck with its adapta-
tion to the wants of preachers. The tone of the Preface is excellent,
and inspires confidence in the principles of the writer; his selec-
tions are very good." — English }iet\, Sept. 1848.
Notice of the work on St. Mark :
'■The true value of this work is in suggesting, in fact, supply-
ing. Sermon thoughts." — Lon. Chris. Kememb., April, 1849.
Notice of the work on St. Luke:
" The brevity, depth, and varit'fy of the extracts form the most
peculiar and valual>le features of the work, and give it a great
practiial superiority over most other commentaries, both for the
Clergy and Laity." — English Churchman, May 22, 1851.
Ford, John, an eminent dramatic poet, was born at
Islington, Devonshire, in 1586. Of the time of his death
much has been conjectured, hut nothing is known. Where
he was educated does not appear, but wo know that in
1602 he became a member of the Middle Temple, and,
unlike most authors, and especially dramatic authors,
persevered in his arduous profession. What particular
branch of the law he pursued wo are unaVile at this late
day to detormine. As early as his 18th year he pub. a
poem entitled Fame's Memorial, a tribute to the memory
of Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy and Earl of Devon-
shire. There was little in this effusion to indicate future
eminence in the walks of poetry; but the publication uf his
verses was suflBeient to give him that taste for authorship
which almost infallibly follows upon seeing " one's name
in print :"
''Fame's Memorial is worth reading as a warning to all those
figure-casters who prognosticate the success or failure of authors
from ihtf\r J II icnilia. Had any Beer predicted that (be makerof all
that stuff was to deserve a lofty seat among England's dramatists,
he wiiuld have been as heartily laughed at as he who should have
firet^ild to Trajan that a Christian priest would one day fulmi-
nate from the Seven Uills more dreaded edicts than bis own." —
Hartley Coleridge.
Some time after this ho had the honour of assisting
Webster in A Late Murthcr of the Sonne upon the Mother,
a play which appears to be lost. He also joined with
Decker in the Fairy Knight and The Brisiowe Merchant,
neither of which are extant. We also lack three of Ford's
plays, entered on the Stationers' Books in 1660, (see Nos.
12, 13, 14.) of which An 111 Beginning has a Good End, a
C(mie»ly. was played at the Cockpit in 1613. The follow-
ing is a list of his own plays, and those in the composition
of which he had a share :
1. The Lover's Melancholy. T. C. Acted at the Black-
friars and the Globe, Nov. 24. 162S. Printed, 1629. 2. 'Tis
Pity She's a Whore. T. Acted at the Pha-nix. Printed.
1633. 3. The Witch of Edmonton. T. By Kuwley, Decker,
Ford, &c. Acted at the Cockpit and at Court; probably
soon after 1622. Printed, 1658. 4. The Sun's Darling. M.
By Ford and Decker. Act<fd. March. 1623-24, at the Cock-
pit Printed, 1657. 5. The Broken Heart. T. Acted at the
Blackfriars. Printed, 1633. 6. Love's Sacrifice. T. Acted
at the Phoenix. Printed, 1633. 7. Pcrkin Warbeck. H. T.
Acted at the Phionix. Printed. 1634. 8. The Fancies,
Chaste and Noble. C. Acted at the Phwnix. Printed. 1638.
9. The Lady's Trial. T. C. Acted at the Cockpit. May,
1638. Printed, 1639. 10. Beauty in a Trance. T. Entered
on the Stationers' Books, Sept. 9, 1653. but not printed.
Destroyed by Mr. Warburton's servant. 11. The London
Merchant. C. 12. The Royal Combat. C. 13. An 111 Be-
ginning has a Good End. C. Played at the Cockpit, 1613.
Nus. 11, 12, and 13 were entered on the Stationers' Books,
June 29, 1660, but were never printed. Destroyed by Mr.
Warburton's servant. 14. The Fairy Knight. Ford and
Decker. Lost. 15. A Late Murther of the Sonne upon the
Mother. Ford and Webster. Lost. 16. The Bristuwe Mer-
chant. Ford and Decker. Lost.
A little manual, entitled A Line of Life, pointing at the
immortalitie uf a vertuous name, 1620, 12mo, written by a
John Ford, has been attributed to our author. A collective
edit, of Ford's Dramatic Works, with an Introduction and
explanatory Notes by H. Weber, Esq., was pub., Lon., 1811,
2 vols. Svo. A notice of this edit., and of the characters
of Ford, by Lord Jeffrey, will be found in the Edin. Rev.,
X. 275, 304, and another by William Git!ord in the Quart-
Rev., vi. 462-487. Also sec A Letter to William Giftord,
Est]., on a late Erlitiou of Ford's Plays, chiefly as relating
to Ben Jonson, [in which it is proved that Jonson and
Ford were not hostile;] by Octavius Gilchrist, 1811, 8vo.
A Letter to J. P. Kemble, Esq., involving Strictures on a
recent Edition of Ford's Dramatic Works, 1811, 8vo, and
a letter on the same subject addressed to Richard Heber,
Esq., 1812, 8vo. Mr. Giffurd, in the critique referred to
abo\'e, complains of the meagreness of AVeber's biogra-
phical account of his author, remarking that
"It would surely be unjust to appear dissatisfied at the imper-
fect account of an ancient author when all the sources of informa-
tion have been industriously explored. But in the present case we
doubt whether Mr. Weber can safely 'l.iy this flattering unction
to his soul :' and we shall therefore give such a sketch of the poefs
life, as an attentive examination of his writings has enabled us to
compile."
Mr. Giffurd proceeds to show that Weber was as faulty
an editor as he was a biograi)her. We need not, therefore,
be surprised that he determined himself to assume those
duties which had been so inadequately performed by an-
other. His edition of Ford's Works appeared in 1827, 2
vols. Svo. It is acknowledged to be far superior to the
preceding edition. In 1847 Mr. Tegg pub. Ford's Works
in the Dramatic Series of the Family Library, being Nos.
4 and 5, 18mo, of that series. How heartily we ai»prove
of Mr. Tegg's expurgated editions of the dramatic poets
may be gathered from our remarks in the article on Beau-
mont and Fletcher, where we refer to Mr. Moxon's editions
of the same authors. In this latter series, The Works of
Massinger and Ford were pub. in one volume in 1848. In
the power of graphic representations of the tragic, the
terrible, and equally in the melting and the pathetic. Ford
has few equals. It is greatly to be deplored that his taste
was as bad as his genius was splendid, and that his licen-
tiousness disgusts even whilst his imagination charms.
Tlio revolting subjects selected for his best dramas — The
Broken Heart, Love's Sacrifice, and 'Tis Pity She's a
Whore — show a determination to excite attention even if
he failed to command respect, and to surprise the mind
rather than improve the heart. Fur this great error of
choice and treatment of subjects, he had not even the in-
valid excuse — pleaded for some in his day — of importunate
creditors and straitness of bread:
"When he had outgrown the vanities of his youth, and esta-
blished himself in business, he ostentatiously disdained all view
to profit in his writings, and appeared on the stage or in print only
at irregular intervals. He had, and took time, to write up to his
own ideal. lie disowned all courtship of the vulgar taste; we
might therefore suppose that the horrible stories which be has em-
braced in 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, The liroken Heart, and Love's
Sacrifice, were his own choice and his o%vn taste. Uut it would be
unfair from hence to conclude that he delighted in the cnntem-
plation of vice and misery, as vice and misery. He delighted in
the sensation of intellectual power; he found himself strong in the
imagination of crime and of agony ; his moral sense was gratified
by indignation at the dark possibilities of sin. by compassion for
rare extremes of suffering. lie abhorred vice — he admired virtue ;
but ordinary vice or modern virtue were, to him, as light wine to
a dram drinker. Ilis genius was a telescope, ill adapted for neigh-
bouring objects, but powerful to bring within the sphere of vision
what nature lias wisely placed at an unsociable distance. . . . Un-
rjuestionably he displayed great poiccr in these horrors, which was
all he desired; but had he been 'of the first order' of poets, he
would have found and displayed superior power in familiar matter
of tf)-day, in failings to which all are liable, virtues which all may
practise, and sorrows for which all may be better." — Hartley
Coleridge: Introduction to Moxon's Edition of Ford, 1848, q. v.
613
FOR
This verdict is sufficiently charitable, certainly. In the
quotation *' first order of poets," Coleridge doubtless re-
fers to Charles Lamb's summing up uf Ford's merits:
"Ford was of the first ordtT of I'oets. lie sought for publimity
not by parcels in metapbors or visible iniaj;es, but directly wbero
she has ht-r full residence — in the heart of man ; in the actions aud
sufferings of the greatest minds. There is a grandeur of the soul
above mountains, seas, and the elements. Even in the poor per-
Terted reason of Giovanni and Annaliella we discern traces of that
fiery particle, which iu the irret;ular starting from out of the road
of beaten action, discovers something of a right line even in obli-
quity, and shews hints of an improveable greatness in the lowest
descents and degradations of our nature." — Lamb's Specimens of
Eng. Drum. Poets.
Mr. Ilazlitt, a critic of higher authority than Lamb, places
Ford iu a much lower rank than the *' first order of poets."
He remarks :
" Ford is not so great a favourite with me as with some others,
from whose judgment 1 disst-nt with diffidence. . . . The affected
brevity and division of some of the lines into hemistichs, &c. — so
as to make in one cast- a umthematical staircase of the words and
answers given to different speakers, is an instance of frigid and
ridiculous pedantry. An artificial elaborateness is the general
characteristic of Ford's style. In this respect his plays resemble
Miss Baillie's more than any others I am aciiuainted with, and are
quite distinct from the exuberance and unstudied force which cha-
racterized his immediate predecessors. There is too much of scho-
lastic subtlety, an innate perversity of understanding or predomi-
nance of will, which either seeks the irritation of inadmissible
subjects, or to stimulate its own iaculties by taking the most bar-
ren, and making something out of nothing, in a spirit of contra-
diction. He does not dratvaloni/ ivith the reader: ho does not work
upon our sympathy, but on our antipathy or our indifference;
and there is as little of the social or gregarious principle in his pro-
ductions as there appears to have been in his personal habits, if
we are to believe Sir John Suckling, who says of him, in the Ses-
sions of the Poets —
'In the dumps John Ford alone by himself sat
With folded arms and melancholy hut.' "
Led. on the Dram. Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth.
" Reversing the observation of Dryden on Shakspeare, it may be
said of Ford, that he 'wrote laboi'iously, not luckily;' always ele-
gant, often elevated, never sublime, he accomplished by patient
and careful industry what Shakspeare and Fletcher produced by
the spontaneous exuberance of native genius. Ue seems to have
acquired early in life, and to have retained to the last, a softness
of versificati'm pecnliar to himself. Without the majestic march
of verse wbiib disiluiiuishes the poetry of Massinger, and with
none of thai itlayful ^Miety which characterizes the dialogue of
Fletcher, he is still vasy and harmonious. There is. however, a
monotony in his poetry, which those who have perused his scenes
long together must have inevitably perceived. His dialogue is
declamatory and formal, and wants that quick chace of replication
and rejoinder so necessary to effect iu representation." — Wiluam
Gifford: Qiiar.Rev.,\\.\1o.
In Lord Jeffrey's review, before referred to, on the merits
and demerits of Ford, he quotes abundantly in illustration
of his criticisms :
" We cannot afford any more space for Mr. Ford; and what we
have said, and what we have shown of him, will probably be
thought enough, both by those who are disposed to scoff, and those
who are inclined to admire. It is but fair, however, to intimate,
that a thorough perusal of his works will afford more exercise to
the former disposition than the latter. Hi.s faults are glaring and
abundant; but we have not thought it necessary to produce any
specimens of them, because they are exactly the sort of faults
which every one acquainted with the drama of that age reckons
upon finding. Nobody doubts of the existence of such faults:
but there are many who doubt of the existence of any counter-
balancing beauties: and therefore it seemed worth while to say a
word or two in their explanation." — EUv. liev., xviii. 'Mi.
We cannot persuade ourselves to conclude — for we have
already lingered long enough on this theme — without quot-
ing the judicious criticism of one of the first of modern
authors :
"At a considerable distance below Massinger we may place his
contemporary, John Ford. In the choice of tragic subjects from
obscure fictions which have to us the charm of entire novelty, they
reseml'le each other; but in the conduct of their fable, in the de-
lineation of their characters, each of these poets has his distin-
guishing excellencies. 'I know,' says Ciifford. 'few things more
ditficult to account for, than the deep and lasting impression made
by the more tragic portions of Ford's poetry.' He succeeds how-
ever pretty well iu accounting for it; the situations are awfully in-
teresting, the distress intense, the thoughts and language becom-
ing the expression of deep sorrow. Ford, with none of the moral
beauty and elevation of Massinger, has. in a much higher degree,
the w>wer over tears; we sympathize even with his vicious charac-
ters, with Giovanni, and Annabella, and Uianca. Love, and love
in guilt or sorrow, is almost exclusively the emotion he portrays;
no heroic piisaion, no sober dignity, will be found in his tragedies.
But he conducts his story well and without confusion ; his scenes
are often highly wrought and effective; his characters, with no
striking novelty, are well supported; he is seldom extravagant or
regardless of probability. . . . Of comic ability this writer does not
display one particle. Nothing can be meaner than those portions
of his dramas which, in compliance with the prescribed rules of
that age, he devotes to the dialogues of servants and buffoons." —
Dallam: Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe.
The critics of a former age thought they discovered much
of the manner of the greatest of English poets in the lines
of the author of Love's Sacrifice, and The Broken Heart,
6U
^'■^-=^' FOR
and the latter, as we have already seen, has often been
named in rivalship with Rare Ben. We subjoin a verse in
which the two are introduced with no contemptible skill:
"'Tis said, from Phakspeare's mine your play you drew,
What ueed— when Shakspeare still survives in you?
But grant it were from his vast treasure reft.
That plund'rer Ben ne'er made so rich a theft."
Thomas May.
Forti, Sir John. Sec Ford, Sir Edward.
Fortl, John, Mayor of Bath. Manner of celebrating
his Majesty's Coronation at Bath, April 25, 1661, Lon.,
1661, fol. Reprinted in vol. vii. uf the Somers Collection.
Ford, John. Serm., 1735, 8vo.
Ford, John, M.D. 3 Letters on Med. Subjects, 1803.
Ford, Unnulph. Serms., Ac., 1711-20.
Ford, Richard, and others. Pet. to Pari., 1654, fol.
Ford, Kii'hard, Works on Inoculation, 1791.
Ford, Richard, 1796-1858, a native of London.
Handbook for Spain, Lon.. 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed.,
1847, 1 vol. ; new ed., partially rewritten, 1855.
" Lockhart nodded approbation ; George Borrow praised it in his
fine emphatic language; Lord Stanhope confirmed the decisiona
of Lockhart and Borrow; while across the Atlantic, men to be
listened to— Washington Irving, Prescott, and Tick nor— extended
its praises to the farthest civilized confines of the New World." —
X&n. Tllust. yews.
Commended by Lon. Quar. Rev., &c.
2. Gatherings from Spain ; being extracts from No. 1,
with addits., 1846, 2 Pts., 12ino, or 1 vol. p. 8vo.
" Although the original design of this work was merely to pre-
sent in a more readable type, and in a form suited to the library,
a series of entertjuning extracts from the Hand-Book of Spain, the
author has nearly rewritten the whole in a more popular style, and
has introduced a vast quantity of new matter."~/Vc/ace.
'■Mr. Ford has shown himself an adept in the ai-t of literary
rCchauffaf/e. His masterly and learned Hand-Book of Spain having
been found, by some who love to run and read, too small in type,
too grave in substance, he has skimmed its cream, thrown in many
well-flavoured and agreeable condiments, and presented the result
in one compact and delightful voliiuie. equally adapted to amuse
byau Knglish fireside or to be useful on the Spanish highway."—
BlackwooiVs Mag.
"The best English book, beyond comparison, that has ever ap-
peared for the illustration, not merely of the genera! topography
and local curiosities, but of the national character and manners
of Spain." — Lon. Quar. Rev.
Washington Irving also commends it as the best modern
popular account of Spain.
3. Tauromachia: the Bull Fights of Spain; 26 superb
drawings by Lake Price, with descriptions by R. Ford,
1852, imp. f^'I. Pub. at £4 4«. A splendid work.
Ford, Simon, 1619-16;tv». a divine and Latin poet of
great reputation, a native of Ea.st Ogwell, Devonshire, was
educated at Magdalen Hall. Oxf. ; Vicar of St. Laurence,
Reading, 1651; of All-Saints, Northampton, 1659 ; and of
Old Swintord, Worcestershire, 1685. He was one of the
translators of Plutarch's Morals, pub. 1684, and pub. a
number of serms., Latin poems, Ac, 1646-96, a list of
which will be found in Athen. Oxon.
Ford, Stephen. Evil Tongue, 1672, Svo. Discourse,
1675, Svo.
Ford, T. Acct. rel. to Lord Kilmarnock, Ac, 1746.
Ford, Thomas. Musicke of Sundrie Kindes, Lon.,
1607. ful.
F'ord, Thomas, 1. The Times Anatomized in severall
characters, Lon., 1647, 12mo. Sometimes erroneously at-
tributed to Thomas Fuller, the hi:^torian. 2. Ludus For-
tune, 1649. 12mo. 3. Panegyric on Clias. I., Ac, 1660,
'61, Svo. 4. Foeuestra in Pet-tore, 1660, Svo. 5. Love's
Labyrinth, Ac. ; a Tragi-Comedy, 1660, Svo. 6. A Theatre
of AVits. 1660, Svo.
Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serms., 1775, '83.
Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serm., ISll. Svo.
Ford, Thomas, late Gov. of Illinois. A Hist, of
Illinois from its commencement as a State in 181S to 1847,
Chicago, 1S54, 12mo.
" This is an excellent, common-sense, honest history of one of our
most flourishing States, by one who took an active part in its poli-
tical struggles from its first organization," — Amcr. Index, Aug. 1855.
Ford, W. A Catalogue comprising the Historical and
Poetical Classics, Ae., Part 1.
Ford, \Vm., or Forde. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to.
Ford, Wm. Serms., 1733, '35, '57, '53.
Ford, Will, Serms., Ac, 1762, '69, 76, '81.
Fordiiu, John De, an ancient Scottish historian, a
priest in the Church of Fordun, 1377. Of the particulars
of his life but little is certainly known. From his work
much of the early history of Scotland is derived.
Scotichronicon genuinum, una cum ejusdem Supple-
mento ac Continuationo, Oxonii, 1722, 5 vols. Svo. This
is Hoarne's edit. Another edit, was pub, at Edin., 1759,
2 vols, fol., and 1775, 2 vols, fol., viz.: Scotichronicon,
FOR
FOR
cum Sup. et Continuatione Walteri Bowori. Cura. Walteri
Goodall. (See Goodal, "Walteu.} MS. copies of For-
dun's history are in mauy public libraries.
" Ue begins the third f book] with the if iiru of Fergus the second,
and tbence continues the succession witb better coutidence tban
he has done in the foregoing reigns, wherein he is vastly outdone
by Boetbius and lato historians." — Bishop Nicolson's i^ot Hist.
Lib., q. V.
'•The Uarned and judicious Mr. C;inib<lt?n has observed, That
all the <^'.■"^■; Ilistniians Avhoh;ive wmln sinco Fonluuii's time, have
been veiy \\n\Ai livln-Min- to liis I'ili'.'riicr; ami >«'! Ihi-reare very
Material' I>il]firii<TS brtwixt Iiis Ai'i-Huitt n|' si'vnal things and
theirs; of which I shall give the reader a few Ins-tauces." — Mao-
kenzie's Wn'ters of the Scots JVaticn, q. v.
Fordyce, David, 1711-1751, a uative of Aberdeen,
brother of James and Sir William, afterwards noticed, en-
tered Marischal College, 1724, and was appointed Prof,
of Moral Philos. in that institution in 1742. Heturning
from an extensive continental tuur, ho was drowned on
the coast of Holland in 1751. 1. Dialogues con. Educa-
tion, Edin., 1745-48, 2 vols. 8vo.
*'A work of very considerable merit, but somewhat tinged witb
the fopperies of the school of Shaftesbury, although entirely free
from its more injurious notions."
2. Tbeodorus; a Dialogue concerning the art of Preach-
ing, 1752, 12mo; 3d ed., 1755, 12mo.
"Some useful hints." — liiclersttth's C. .5.
This should be carefully studied by all young divines.
3. Elements of Moral Philosophy, 1754. 12mo: 4th ed.,
1769, 12mo. Originally pub. as ninth division of Dodsley's
Preceptor. 4. The Temple of Virtue; aDrcam, 1757, 12mo.
Pub. from the author's MSS., with some addits. by James
Fordyce, D.D., 1775, 12mo.
Fordyce, David. Letter Writer, Lon., 1790, 12mo.
Fordyce, George, M.D., 1736-1802, nephew of Da-
vid, James, and Sir \Villiam, took his doctor's degree at
Leydeu in 1758, settled in 1759 in London, and became a
distinguished lecturer and practitioner. 1. Elements of
Agricult. and Vegetation, Edin., 1765, '69, '71, Svo; Lon.,
1796, Svo.
"This little work has always been esteemed as a very scientific
treatise." — Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
2. Elements of the Practice of Physic, Pts. 1 and 2,
1767-70, Svo. 3. Dissertation on Simple Fever, 1794, Svo.
4, 5, 6, 7. Dissertation on Fever, 4 Pts., viz. : 1795, '9S, '99,
1802, Svo. 8. Dissertation 5th, with conclusions to the
four preceding and present Dissertations, 1803, Svo. Posth,
Edited by W. C. Wells, M.D. Fordyce on Fevers, 2d
Amer. ed., Phila., 1S46, Svo.
"The dissertations wbirh compose the work of Dr. Fordyce on
Fevers are, of all his \wiiings, these which in an especial manner
have establisbi'd his i-.'|Julation for sound medical views." — South-
ern Jour, (if M-d. and I'har.
9. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1776, '79, 'SO, '85, '87, '92, '94.
10. Con. to Trans. Med. and Chir., 1792, 1800.
" It must be confessed that, notwithstanding bisgreat learning,
which embraced many subjects noway allied to medicine, he sel-
dom wrote eloy;antly, often obscurely and inaccurately." — Lon.
Gent. Marf., 1802; Ohit. Nntic, q. v.
Fordyce,Heiirietta,"reIictof James Fordyce, D.D."
Memoir of, with orig. Letters, Anecdotes, and Pieces of
Poetry, with a Sketch of the Life of James Fordyce, D.D.,
Lon., 12mo.
" The book is a pi easant book, and could not be more interesting
than it is, if there was not one word of truth in it from beginning
to end. But it is a very entertaining and easily-written bio^^raphy,
in which none of the sternness of fact has been made to give way
to the lighter graces of fiction." — Ltm. Literary Museum.
Fordyce, James, D.D., 1720-1796, a uative of Aber-
deen, brother of David, James, and Sir William, also
noticed in this Dictionary, was educated at Marischal
Coll., and became minister successively at Brechin, Alloa,
and of a dissenting congregation of Monkwell Street, Lon-
don. He pub. several serms., poems, Ac, 1752-91. 1. Cha-
racter and Conduct of the Female Sex, 1776, Svo. 2. Ad-
dresses to Ycmng Men, Lon.. 1777, 2 vols. Svo. His best-
known work is the collection entitled Serms. to Young
Women, 1765, 2 vols. 12mo; 9th ed., 1778, 2 vols. sm. 8vo.
*'They discover much genius and imagination, a correct taste,
no little knowledge of the world, and a happy method of engaging
the attention and interesting the feelings." — Witiiori's Dissenters.
Fordyce, John, M.D. 1. Historia Febris Miliaris,
Lon., 1758, Svo. 2. Usefulness of Bark in Scrofula; Med.
Obs. and Inq., 1755.
Fordyce, William. Mem. con.Herculaneum. Trans,
from the Italian, Lon., 1750, Svo; 1770, 4to.
Fordyce, William. History and Antiquities of the
County of Durham, 1S57, 2 vols, demy 4to.
Fordyce, Sir William, 1724-1792, a brother of Da-
vid and James, (see aut^',) surgeon R. A., and subsequently
Lord Rector of Mari.schal Coll., Aberdeen, enjoyed an ex-
tensive professional practice in London, whore ho died in
1792, 1. Review of the V. Disease and its Remedies, Lon.,
1767, '72, Svo. 2. Putrid and Inflam. Fevers, 1773, '77, Svo.
.S. Fragmcnta Chirurgica et Mcdica, 1784, Svo. 4. Muri-
atic Acid in Putrid Fevers ; a Letter to Sir J. S., 1790, Svo.
5. The importance of cultivating and curing Rhubarb in
Britain, 1792, Svo. At this time imported rhubarb cost
the nation £200,000 per annum. 6. Sarsaparilla Root in
the V. Disease: Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755.
Foreiiess, E. Serms., 1683, '84, 4to.
Forester, Fanny. See Judson, Mrs. Emily 0.
Forester, Thomas, Serm., 1741. 4to.
Forester, Thomas. 1. Norway in 184S, '49, with
Extracts from the Journals of Lt. M. S. Biddulph, Lon.,
1850, Svo. New ed., 1855, I6inn.
"Thanks for this very pleasant and instructive book, say we."—
Lon. C-fiurch and State Gaz.
2. Everard Tunstal; a Tale, 1S51, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3.
Norway and its Scenery, 1S53, p. Svo. 4. Rambles ia
Sardinia. Ac, 1858, imp. Svo.
Foresti, E. Felix, LL.D., Prof, of the Italian lan-
guage and literature in Columbia Coll., and in the Univ. of
the City of New York. Italian Reader, N. York, 12mo.
Forjjes. A Catalogue of part of tho Rarities collected
liy n. 11.. Lon., Svo.
" Fornian, t'harles. Letter, &c. rel. to Ostend Com-
])nny, Lon., 1725, '26. Ancient Parliaments of Franco,
1739, 2 vols. Svo.
Forman, Charles. Queries and Observ. upon the
Revol. in 1688, and its Consequences, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Forman, Simon, M.D., 1552-1611, a noted astro-
loger, physician, and fortune-teller, whose name excites
sensations of horror to all who are familiar with the his-
tories of the infamous Countess of Essex and the unfor-
tunate Sir Thomas Overbury, studied for two years at
Magdalen Coll., Oxf , and subsequently devoted his atten-
tion to physic and the stars. He wrote some treatises on
Astrology, (tc. of which a list will be found in Athen.
Oxon. See Bliss's ed., ii. 9S, 373. Many of his MSS.
are deposited in the Ashmolean Museum and in the British
Museum. Tho following extract will recall forcibly Mr.
James's graphic portraits in Arabella Stuart of Dr. For-
man and Mrs. Anne Turner:
''He professed to his wife that there would be much trouble
about Sir Kob. Carr, earl of Somerset, and the Lady Frances, his
wife, who frequently resorted to biin. and from whose company he
would .sometimes lock himself in his .study one whole day. Ue
had compounded things upon the desire of Mrs. Anne Turner, to
make the said Sir Kob. Carr, callid quo ad hanc, and Robert, earl
of Essex, fri^dd quo ad hanc: that is. to his wife, the Lady Frances,
who had a mind to be rid of him. and be wedded to the said Sir
Robert. lie had made also certain pictures in wax, representing
Sir Robert and the said lady, to cause a love between each other,
with other such like things ; but Forman dying [he died suddenly
in a boat in the Thames] before he could effect the matter, Mrs.
Turner found out one Edward Gresham, an astrologer, to conclude
the matter; but he also, if I mistiike not, dropt away before the
marriage of Sir Robert and the said lady was concluded."— ITJi
supra.
Forman, Sloper. Trans, from the French of M.
Forney's Elementary Principles of the Belles-Lettres, Lon.,
1766, *i2mo.
Formby, Henry, 1. A Visit to the BRst, Lon., 1843,
fp. Svo. 2. C. C. Guide to Psalmody, 1S47, fp. Svo. 3. Tho
Roman Ritual, 1849, 12mo. 4. The Young Singer's Book
of Songs, 1851, 4to.
Forrest, A brief Defence of Curing continued Fevers.
Forrest, Alex. Baptismal Psalmody, Lon. ,1751, 12mo.
Forrest, Lt.-Col, C, R. Pictorial Account of the
Rivers Ganges and Jumna, Lon., imp. 4to, with 24 col'd
views. Maps, ifec, £4 4s.; large paper, £6 6s. This beau-
tiful work presents the most picturesque scenes of the val-
leys of these celebrated rivers. With the descriptions much
history is interspersed.
Forrest, Frederick, 1. Ways to Kill Care, hy
Young D'Urfey, Lon., 1761. Svo. 2. A Rattle for Grown
Children ; by Young D'Urfey, sm. Svo, with portrait, by W.
Elliot.
Forrest, John, M.D. Inoculation ; Ann. of Med., 1811.
Forrest, Robert. Reports Cases in Ct. Exchequer,
M. T. to T. T. 41 Geo. III., Lon., Pt. 1, 1802, Svo. Never
completed.
Forrest, Thomas. A Pcrfite Looking-Glasse for
all Estates; from Isocrates, &e., Lon., loSO, 4to.
Forrest, Captain Thomas. 1. A Voyage (1774-
76) to New Guinea and the Moluccas, itc, Lon., 1779, '99,
4to.
'•This work supplies what is wanting; in Sonnerat's, as it is full
on the physical and moral character of the inhabitants, and on
their language, mode of life, and trade," — St^venso^i's Oat. of Voy-
ages and lVare!s.
I Sonncrat treats of natural history, especially of zoology
I and ornithology.
615
FOR
2. A Voyage from Calcutta to tfre Mergui Archipelago,
&c.. 1792, 4to. .,,.,.
"This work is justly of great autliority for its details m mari-
time geography."— fli^i supra.
Forrest, Wm. 1. A New Ballade of the MarigoUle.
Reprinted in vol. x. Harleian Miscellany. 2. Metrical
Account rel. to divorce of Q. Catharine. Reprinted m
vol. iv. Brit. Bibliographer. See an account of Forrest
and his worlis, printed and MS., in Athen. O-Kon., Bliss's
edit.
Forrest, Wm. S. Hist, and Descrip. Sketches of Nor-
folk, Va., Portsmouth, Ac, for 2110 Years. Phila., 1S6.3, 8vo.
Forrester, Alexamler, of the Middle Temple, was
a reporter of learning and skill, but would not permit his
name to be attached to the Chancery Cases lemp. Talbot,
taken from his notes. This eollection was first pub. in
1741 ; again in 1753, fol. ; and in 1792, 8vo, by J. G. Wil-
liams. They are sometimes cited as Forrester's Reports.
A number of cases in Hovenden's Supp. to Vesey, Jr.'s
Chancery Cases were also taken from Forrester's MSS.
Forrester, Alfred Henry. See CuowguiLL, Alfred.
Forrester, J. R. Chemical Observ. and E.iper. on
Air and Fire, from the German of Chas. Wm. Scheele ;
with Notes by R. Kirwan, and a Letter from Dr. Priestley,
Lon., 1780, 8vo.
Forrester, James. Tho Marrow and Juice of 200
Scriptures. Lou,, Kill, 4to.
Forrester, Thomas. The Ilierarchieal Bishops.
Ac; in answer to Dr. Scott, Dr. Monro, and Mr. Honey-
man, 1699.
Forrester, Wm. Gent. Farrier, 1788, Svo.
Forry, S. 1. The Climate of the United States and
its Endemic Influences, N. York. 1842, 8vo.
" A volume of highly interesting facts condensed into the
smallest compass." — ton. Athenwum.
2. Meteorology, 1S43, foL
Forset, Edward. Bodies Natural and Politique, 1 606.
Forss, Charles. Practical Remarks upon the Educa-
tion of the Working Classes.
Forster, A. V. Fatal Ambition ; a Rom., 1811.
Forster, Charles, Rector of Stifsted. 1. Discourses
on Scrip. Hist. &,c., Lon., 1823, 8vo. 2. Critical Essays
on Genesis, Cliap. xx., and on Saint Matthew, Chap. ii.
17, 18; with Notes, 1827, 8vo.
" Tlie professed aim of Mr. Forster in the publication of these
©SKiys, is to lower the modem continental system of biblical inter-
pretation."— Vlji supra, q. v.
3. Mahometanism Unveiled, 1829, 2 vols. Svo.
"Objectional statements in this work. See Christian Observer
and Burder* s Rise and Progress and Termination of Mahommedan-
ism, 1S30, Svo."~Bidin-steth's C. .V.
Also see areview in Brit. Critic, vii. 1. 4. Life of Bishop
Jebb; new ed., 1837, Svo.
" The whole of the biography is written in a spirit of good feeling
and good taste, which do the highest honour to Mr. Forster." —
Brit. May.
5. The Apostolical Authority of the Epistle to the He-
brews, 1838, Svo.
"The irresistible conclusion from the whole of the author's ela-
borate researches is. that that Epistle is the genuine production of
the great apostle of the Hebrews." — Sonu^s Bibl. Bib., q.v.,et Brit.
Crit, xxvi. 167.
6. The Hist. Geography of Arabia: or, the Patriarchal
Evidences of Revealed Religion, 1844, 2 vols. Svo. The
Appendix contains translations of the celebrated Hamya-
ritic Inscriptions, recently discovered in Hadraraaut.
7. The One Primeval Language, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, 1S51-52-
54, Svo. 8. Six Preaclicr Serms., 1853, Svo.
Forster, Rev. Edward. 1. The Ar.ibian Nights'
Entertainment, trans., with engravings from pictures by
Smirke, Lon., 1802, 5 vols. Svo. Some copies on largo
paper, 4to. Late eds., 1839, r. Svo; 1847, r. Svo; 1853,
demy Svo. This has been commended as a very elegant
tr.anslation. There are .also versions by Beaumont, Lane,
Macnaghten. Scott, and Torrens. Res]iccting new transla-
tio'ns, see Westminster Rev., xxxi. 265, xxxiii. 201, and
Lon. Monthly Rev., cix. 362. Also see notices of the
Arabian Nights in Lon. For. Quar. Rev., xiv. 350, xxiv.
139 : Lon. Eclec. Rev.. 4th s.. viii. 041 ; Amer. Whig Rev.,
vi. 601 ; and especially the introduction to Forster's trans.,
ed. 1839, by G. Moir Bussey. Tho Rev. Richard Hole's
Remarks on the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Lon.,
1797, Svo, throw much light on the subject. This work
was first introduced to European readers in 1704, through
the French trans, of M. Antony Galland, Prof, of Arabic
in the Roy. Coll., Paris. Mr. Forster trans, this into Eng-
lish, correcting M. Galland's inaccuracies. Mr. Lane's
trans, is immediately from the Arabic. This is a pleasant
theme, and we leave it with regret. We should be glad
616
FOR
to quote the testimonies of Lady Montague, Colonel Cap-
per, D.allaway, Lane, and others, to the value of this work,
_ <■ :.t.c..i ...»»:*.,«» nf t\\o 1<iT,r1 BjbATft tbnv ** talk in
as a faithful portraiture of the land where they
flowers."
" The Arabian Nights have lost none of their charms for me. All
the learned and wiseacres of Kngland cried out against this won-
derful work, upon its first appearance ; Gray among the rest. Yet
I doubt whether an^ man, except Shakspeare, has afforded so
much delight, if we open our hearts to receive it. The author of
the Arabian Nights was the greatest benefactor the East ever had.
not excepting Mahomet. How many hours of pure happiness has
he bestowed on six-and-twentv millions of hearers ! All the springs
of the Desert have less refieshed the Arabs than those delightful
tales, and they cast their gems and genii over our benighted and
foggy regions." — Leigh Hu.nt.
2. Anacreontis Oda?, &c., 1802. Svo. 3. The Brit. Gal-
lery of Engravings, with descriptions. 12 Nos. complete ;
52 Plates, £2 2«. each ; large paper, £3 13». 6rf. each.
North sale, with proofs and etchings on India Paper,
£40 19«.
Forster, Edward. See Foster.
Forster, Edward, Jr. Catalogus Avium in Insulis
Brit.annicis h.aliitantiuui, Lon., 1817, Svo.
Forster, George, d. 1792, an employee in the Civil
Service of the E. India Conip.any. 1. Sketches of the My-
thology and Customs of the Hindoos, Lon., 1785, Svo. 2. A
Journe"y from Bengal to England, 1798, 2 vols. 4to ; 1808,
2 vols. Svo. This traveller is not to be confounded with
George Forster, the companion of Captain Cook, who,
being a foreigner, (George was a native of Dantzic, and
his father, J. R. Forster, a native of Dirschau,) can claim
no place in our Dictionary.
Forster,H.P. 1. A Bengalee .and English Vocabulary,
in tw.> Pts., Calcutta, 1799-1802, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Essay on
the Principles of Sanskrit (Jramniar. Pt. 1, ISOl, r. 4to.
Forster, John. England's happiness increased by a
Plantation of Potatoes, Lon., 1664, 4to.
Forster, John, of Beercrocomhe. .Serm., 174G, 4to.
Forster, John, of Elton. Serms., 1756, '57, '64.
Forster, John. Observ. on our Saviour's Discourse
with the Pharisee Lawyer; anon., Lon., «. a., 12mo.
Forster, John, Her Majesty's Chaplain of the Savoy.
1. The Churchman's Guide; a Copious Index of Serms.
and other Works, by eminent Church of Eng. Divines,
digested and arranged, according to their subjects, and
brought down to the present day, Lon., 1840, Svo.
" I would have young clergymen make very great use of the
works of able Divines ; not inconsiderately and servilely transcribe
them,— but moditj-, digest, contract, amplify, vary, adapt them to
the purpose, — improve, if possible, what they may find in them :
for then it will fairly become their own, and mix naturally with
what jiroceeds altogether from themselves."— SECKElt,
2. The Gospel Narrative, 3d ed., 1847, r. Svo.
" I think the work will be very acceptable to serious readers, by
pointing out the solution of doubts and objections, and setting
the language and actions of our blessed Lord in their true light."
— T/ie Late Ardihhhap of Paiiterhurt/.
"I think it likely to be extensively and profitably used." —
Arcltbishop n/ York.
"I know no Harmony which m.ay be consulted with so much
advantage." — Bishop of Winc/irsler.
Also commended by the present Archbp. of Canterbury,
the Archbp. of Armagh, and the Bps. of Exeter, Lichfield,
Lincoln, Winton, Lhindaff, and Worcester.
Forster, John, of the Inner Temple, b. 1812, at New-
castle, England, occupies an eminent position as a jour-
nalist and author. He has for twenty-four years written
for tho London Examiner, for the last twelve of which he
has had tho sole charge of the editorial department (See
FosBL.iNQUE, Alb.inv.) Ho has contributed to the
Edinburgh Review, the Foreign Quarterly Review, (of
which he was for four years the editor.) and other publica-
tions. After Charles Dickens left tho Daily News, Mr.
Forster acted as editor for a short season. Mr. F. is best
known to the public by his two popular works entitled,
1. The Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England, Lon.,
1840, 7 vols. fp. Svo. New ed., 1854, 2 vols, demy Svo.
Also pub. in Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopasdia, vols, ii., iii.,
iv., v., and vi. Amer. od., N. York, 1847, Svo, edited by
Rev. J. 0. Choulcs.
" This chain of biographies may be considered as constituting a
complete narrative of the most extraordinary and eventful period
in the history of England. We regard them as additions ot the
very highest value to what we may term our political literature."
— Lon. Morn. Citron.
2. The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith, 1848,
Svo. New ed.,— The Life and Times of Oliver Gold-
smith,—1S54, 2 vols. Svo. Abridged ed., 1855, cr. Svo.
It is well known that the publication of this work
was the occasion of a controversy with Mr. Prior rela-
tive to the use made by »Ir. Forster of his materials.
See Lon. Athenseum, June 16 and 17, 184S. Without
FOR
FOR
entering into nny detailed discussion of the matter, for
whieii we have neither space nor inclination, we may be
excused for the expression of the opinion that Mr. Prior
greatly ma,gniticd his grievances, if indeed any existed,
of which we are by no moans persuade*!. Perhaps Mf,
Forster should have been rather more liberal in acknow-
ledgments; but Mr. Prior 's claim to a permanent mono-
poly of facts, by whomsoever discovered, which have be-
come items of current knowledge, is surely unten.able.
Mr. Forster's biography has been greatly and deservedly
admired : we have space for a few lines only of quotations,
and must refer the inquisitive reader to the Dublin Univ.
Mag., Sharpo's Mag., and the N. Amer. llov. Our quota-
tions shall be of passages in which the three prominent
biographers of Goldsmith — Prior, Forster, and Irving —
are all introduced.
" Mr. Forster's spirited .ind eloquent sketch, though deformed by
certain mannerisms, or rather Carlylisms. which we would rather
have seen avoided, is, unquestionably, a valuable addition to our
standard litL-raiy biography ; whilst to the ■ voluminous and in-
defatigable" .Mr. Prior belongs the undisputed honour of having
colletded and preserved, from tradition and other sources, nearly
all the particulars of Goldsmith's life, which could by possibility
t« discovered. We do not wish to disparage the patient research
and euthusi;istic labours of Mr. Prior, when we speak of Mr. Fors-
ter's work as readable, valuable, and entertaining; for the diligent
compiler and the skilful adapter are in our opinion equally en-
titled to their meed of approbation. Nor will we quarrel with the
work of Washington Irving, because it contains no startling fact
that is not to be found in the two preceding biographies." —
F. Lawren'ce: Sliarj>^^s ton. Mag,
" Mr. Prior was a laborious collector of tacts, who, bv dint of pa-
tient research, and nothing else, made a book as little attractive
as a Life of Ooldsmith could be. Mr. Foister drew from the distatf
thus carefully stored with raw material a smooth thread, around
which he allowed all the characteristic circumstances and associa-
tions of the time to crystallize, forming a mass at once solid and
transparent, but not without, now and then, a little superfluous
glitter. Mr. Irving, selecting at will from the whole, has, with his
usual taste, presented us with ■ gems in order, fitly set,' from whose
shifting and delicate hues Hashes forth a portrait, possessing the
accuracy without the hardness of the daguerreotype, though not,
like that, made of sunshine." — iV. Amer. Rev.. Ixx. 266.
Any writer might well feel proud of the commendation
of Washington Irving, and wo therefore, in justice to Mr.
Forster, quote a graceful compliment paid to the latter in
the Preface to Irving's Life of Goldsmith. Mr. Irving's
original biographical sketch was published some years be-
fore the appearance of Forster's biography. This sketch
the author was induced to enlarge that it" might take its
proper place in the revised series of his works, issued by
Messrs. George P. Putnam & Co. of New York. The re-
ference to Mr. Forster's biography alluded to is as follows :
"When I was about of late to revise my biographical sketch,
preparatory to publication, a volume was put into my hands, re-
cently given to the public by Jlr. .Tohn Forster, of the "inner Tem-
ple, who, likewise availing himself of the labours of the indefati-
g.able Prior, .and of a few new lights since evolved, has produced a
biography of the poet, executed with a spirit, a feeling, a grace,
and an elegance, that leave nothing to be desired. Indeed it would
have been presumption in me to undertake the subject after it had
been thus felicitously treated, did I not stand committed by my
previous sketch."
Mr. Forster has increased the obligations of the public
by the publication of his Lives of Daniel Do Foe and
Charles Churchill. Reprinted, with Additions, from the
Edin. Rev., and forming Pts. 76 and 77, or vol. xxxviii.,
of Longman & Co.'s Travellers' Library. In these bio-
graphies Mr. Forster has pursued the same plan which
renders his Life of Goldsmith so v.aluable a picture of the
men and manners of the day : ho surrounds us with the
shades of the departed great, the contemporaries of De
Foe and Churchill, whose influence pervaded all the rami-
fications of political and social life. Mr. Forster pub. in
1858 Historical and Biographical Esisays, 2 vols. ; com-
posed of articles originally contributed to "quarterly reviews,
and of new matter. Commended in Lon. Athcn., 1858, 020
Forster, Joseph. The Origin of Evil, the Fou'nda-'
tion of Morality, and the Imniaterialitv of the Soul, 1734, Svo
Forster, Nathaniel, 1717-1757, a divine of gre.at
learning, was a native of Stadscombe, Devonshire, and
educated at Eton, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., of which
he bccamo Fellow, 1729; Rector of Hethe, Oxfordshire,
1749; Preb. of Bristol and Vicar of Rochdale, 1754;
Preacher at the Rolls, 1757. 1. Antiq. of Govt., Arts, and
Sciences, in Egypt, Oxf., 174,',, 8vo. 2. Platonis Dialog!
quinque, 1745, '52, '65. First ed. the best. 3. Account
supposed to have been given of Jesus Christ by Josephus,
Oxf., 174'.l, Svo. Highly commended by Warburton and
Bryant. 4. Eiblia Hcbraica, sine punctis, Oxon., 1750, 2
vols. 4to. 5. Remarks on Stibbing's Diss, on Marria^-e of
Minors, 1755. 6. Serms., 1746-67. °
" I have often wished for a hand capable of collecting all the
tV.agments remaining of Porphyry, Celsus, Ilierocles, and .Julian,
and giving them to us with a just, critical, and theological com-
ment, as a Defy to Infidelity. . . . This would be a very noble
work. I know of none that has all the talents fit for it but your-
self . . . Think of it; you cannot do a more useful thing to reli-
gion or your own chanacter." — Bishop Warburton'g Letter to Dr.
Forster.
Would that the hint had been carried out ! The work
would have been curious and interesting; though, as re-
gards Evidences of Christianity, he who can withst;ind tho
evidences within, around, and before him, written and un-
written, is surely beyond all human suasion.
Forster, Nathaniel, Rector of All-Saints, Colchester.
1. Serms., 1767, '70. 2. An Inquiry into the Causes of the
Present High Price of Provisions, in two Parts, Lon.,
1767, 8vo.
"This is pei'haps the ablest of the many treatises published
about this period, on the rise of prices. It contains, indeed, not
a few principles and conclusions that are quite untenable. But
the comprehensiveness of the author's views, and the liberal and
philosophical spirit by which the wor-k is pervaded, make it both
valuable and intei-esting. ... It affords ample evidence of tho
authors talent and zeal for the public good." — McCuUoch's Lit. of
Polit. Econ.
3. An Answer to Sir John Dalrymplo's Pamphlet on the
Exportation of Wool, Celebes., 1782, Svo.
Forster, Nicholas, Bishop of Killaloe. 1. Serm. on
l.Cor. i. 111. Dubl., 1710, 4to. 2. On Tim. ii. 1. 2, 1716, Svo.
Forster, R. B. Travels through Louisiana, trans,
from M. Bossu, 1771-72, 2 vols. Svo.
"Chiefly interesting from the minute details into which it enters
respecting the Illinois territory. Sir. Forster's translation contains
a catalogue of American plants." — Strvenson's Voyages ami Travels.
M. Bossu pub. a few years afterwards Nouveaux Voyages
dans I'Amcrique Septentrionale.
Forster, K. W, E. The Copyhold and Customary
Tenure, Ac. Acts, i and 5 Vict., and 6 and 7 Vict., Lon.,
1843, 12rao.
Forster, Richard, M.D. Ephemerides Meteorological!
ad ann. 1575. ic, Lon., 1575, Svo.
Forster, Richard. Serm., 16S4, 4to.
Forster, Rev. Richard. Bills of Mortality of Great
Shefford, and other con. to Phil. Tr.ans., 1757, ■5"il, '62.
Forster, Samuel. See Fosteh.
Forster, Samuel. Digest of Laws rel. to Customs
and N.avigation, &c., Savoy, Lon., 1727, Svo. The intro-
duction contains a valuable Dissertation on the Nature,
Extent, and Method of Collection of the Ancient Revenue
of the Crown.
Forster, Thomas. The Layman's Lawyer, 1656, '58.
Forster, Thomas. Serms., 1672, 1715, 'IS.
Forster, Thomas. A New Islaml, lately raised out
of the sea near Tercera; Phil. Trans., 1722.
Forster, Thomas. Serms. and Letters. 1759, '64.
Forster, Thomas. Tracts ag. (^u.akers, Ac, ISIO, '13.
Forster, Thomas. 1. Nat. Hist, of the Swallow,
6th ed., Lon., 1817, Svo. 2. Atmospheric Phenomena, 1813,
'15, '23, Svo. 3. Poems of Catullus, ]2mo. 4. Perpetual
Calendar Illustrating the events of every Day in the Year,
as connected with Hist., Chronol., Botany, Nat. Hist., As-
tron., Customs, Antiq., Ae., Svo.
" Much credit is due to the author- for the mass of useful infor-
mation be has conrpiled. and for the judicious manner in which he
has contrived to relieve the dryness of scientific detail by the in-
trodui-tion of .amusing anecdotes and occasional remar-ks." — Loii.
Eclectic Beview.
Other works.
Forster, Thomas Furley. 1. Flora Tonbridgensis,
1801, 12mo; 1816, cr. Svo. 2. Viola. 3. Caltha; in Trans.
Linn. Soc, 1802, '07.
F'orster, Thompson. 1. Con. Med. Facts, 1794, '95.
2. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814.
Forster, VVestgarth. Treat, on a Sec. of the Strata
from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to Cross Fells, 2d ed., 1821, Svo.
Forster, VVni. Oughtred's Circles, 1632, '60.
Forster, Wm. Causes and Cures of Diseases, 1745, Svo.
Forster, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1755, 4to.
Forster,Wm.,Minister of the Congreg. Ch., Kentish
Town. Discourses, &c., Lon., 1850-52.
Forsyth, Alex. Culture of the Potato, Lon., 1848, Svo.
"Tbrt subjects are most judiciously handled." — Donaldson's
Agricidt. Biog.
Forsyth, C. Laws of Trusts in Scot., Edin., 1S44, Svo.
Forsyth, J. S. The Antiquary's Portfolio, Lon., 1825,
2 vols. p. Svo.
Forsyth, J, S. A Synopsis of Medical Jurisprudence,
Anatomically, Physiologically, and Porensic.ally illustrated
for the Facirlty of Medicine, Coroners, M.agistrates Law-
yers, and Jurymen, Lon., 1829, 12mo. This is indeed »
subject of great importance. See Beck, J. R. and John
B.; Dean, Amos; Dusolison, Robley; Fabr, Samuel;
617
FOR
FOR
FoKBLANQUE, John S. M. ; Ray, Isaac; Traill, Thomas
Stewart; Stille, Moretox; Wharton, Francis, Ac.
Forsyth, James. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to.
Forsyth, John Hamilton. Mem. of, with a Selec-
tion of his Serms., by the Kev. Edward Wilson, Lon., 1849,
8vo; 2(1 ed., 1S50, 8vo; 3d ed., 1851, Svo.
Forsyth, Joseph, 1763-1815, a native of Elgin, in the
county of Mor.ay, conductor of a classical school at New-
ington-Butts, near London, travelled upon the Continent,
and was imjjrisoned for several years whilst Great Britain
was at war with France. Remarks on Antiiiuities, Arts,
and Letters, during an Excursiun in Italy, 1SU2-03, Lon.,
1813, Svo; ■tth ed., corrected and completed to 1835, 8vo.
_ "The best book that has yet appeared on Italy, whether we con-
sider the depth .ind originality of the remarks, or the terseness and
nervousness of the language. Matthews justly describes it as 'a
mine of uriginal remarks, expressed in the most forcible language.' "
"An aduurable work, giving, in a short compass, much informa-
tion, and indicating strong powers of mind and a correct taste."—
Stevenstni's Voyages and Travels,
" There are countries of the globe which possess a permanent
and peculiar interest in human estimation. They are thr.se where
the most momentous historical events occurred and civilization
first dawned. Foremost among them stands Italy. Thus, so ac-
curate a work as the one mentioned will be perused with great
interest and pleasure." — N. Amer. Ji<-ii.
"An .iccomplished traveller, of extraordinary capacity, extensive
erudition, and refined taste." — Lord Bvron.
Forsyth, Robert. 1. Principles and Prac. of Agri-
cult. E.Kplained, Ediu., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Originally pub.
in Encyc. Brit, 4th ed.
"The writer displays, throughout, much sound sense, and a
sober discretion, ,as in every work that was done by the author."
— DonaldsmVs Agricult. Biog.
2. Beauties of Scotland, 1805, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. The Prin-
ciples of Moral Science, 1805, vol. i., 8vo.
"It cannot be denied, we think, that it indicates very consider-
able talents, and treats of a most important subject with some
spirit and ingenuity."— Lord jEprEEv: Edin. lien., vii. 413. q. r.
Forsyth, Wm., 1737-1804, a native of Old Mcldrum,
county of Aberdeen, Sup't of the Chelsea Gardens until
1784, when he became Sup't of the Royal Gardens at Ken-
sington and St. James. 1. Diseases, Ac. of Fruit and Fo-
rest Trees, Lou., 1791, Svo. 2. Culture and Management
of Fruit Trees, 1802, 4to; 1824, Svo. Trans, into French
by Pictet-Mallet.
Forsyth, VVm., Jr., son of the preceding, and his suc-
cessor at Chelsea Gardens. A Botanical ^'omenclator, Lon.,
1794, Svo. Highly esteemed in its d.ay.
Forsyth, VVm., Barrister-at-Law, late Fellow of Trin.
Coll., Camb. 1. Ahridgt. of the Slat. rel. to Scot., 1789-
1827, Edin., 1S27, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Diet, of the Stat. Laws
of Scot., 1842, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Compos, with Creditors, Lon.,
1841, Svo; 2d ed., 1S44, Svo. Amor, ed., Ilarrisburg, 1845,
Svo. 4. Law rel. to Simony, 1S44, Svo. 5. Hortensius :
an Hist. Essay on the Duties of an Advocate, 1849, p. Svo.
" Hortensius is an attempt to represent, in an historical fashion,
the progress of the writer's craft, from the rude forms of the an-
cient codes to the complicated m.achinerv of modern statutes at
large ; and we must admit that the author has written a very
pleasant and u.seful book." — Lun. At/iena-um.
6. Laws rel. to the Custody of Infants, 1850, Svo. 7. Hist,
of Trial by Jury, 1852, Svo. Quoted in Lieber'a Work on
Civil Liberty.
Fort, Francis. Gamaliel; a Serm., Lon., 175.3, Svo.
Fortescue, Earl. Selce. from the Speeches and
Writings of Lord King, with a Short Introductory Memoir
by Earl Fortescue, Lon., 1S44, demy Svo.
"lie p'jssessed those great rerjuisites of happiness — equanimity,
cheerfulness of temper, and the habit of continually employing
his mind in the pursuit of uoble or useful objects."— £<;rd King's
Life of Locke.
"Earl Fortescue has rendered good service to both economic
and moral science by this seasonable publication. His selections
are most judiciously made, aud will raise his relative's character
as an able and upright politician, whose views were singularly in
advance of his age. while every parliamentary session adds proof
of their soundness." — Lon. AtJiaicpum.
Fortescue, Lady E. Hymns, mostly from the Ger-
man, Lon., 1847, 18mo.
P'ortescue, J., D.D. Essays, Moral and Miscella-
neous, Lon., 1752, '59.
Fortescue, Sir John, suppo.sod to have died about
1485, aged 90, was the third son of Sir Honry Fortescue,
Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Prince, in his Worthies
of Devonshire, presumed him to have been educated at
Oxford, and Bishop Tanner locates him at Exeter Coll.
At Lincoln's Inn he soon became famous for his knowledge
of civil and common law, and in 14.i0 was made a Serjeant-
at-Law; in 1441, King's Serjeant-at-Law; and in 1442
Chief Justice of the King's Bench. He stood high in fa-
vour with Henry VI., and when that monarch was obliged
to take refuge in Scotland, Fortescue clung to his fallen
fortunes. It was probably at this time Henry created him
Chancellor of England. In 1463 he accompanied Queen
Margaret, Prince Edward, and a number of the adherents
of the House of Lancaster, to Flanders, where he remained
many years. Whilst thus in exile, he composed his cele-
I brated work entitled De Laudihus Legum Angliie, with a
view to the future guidance of Prince Henry, if he should
ever reach the throne. The young prince was cut off by
I the hand of the murderer in tho flower of his days, but the
j De Laudihus Legum Anglh'e has survived many thrones,
I and is still resorted to as a fountain of inestimable wisdom,
Fortescue returned to England with Queen Margaret and
Prince Edward, and was taken prisoner after the battle
of Shrewsbury, in 1471. He was pardoned by King Ed-
ward, retracted a paper he had written against the claims
of the House of York, and lived the rest of his days in
learned retirement at Ebburton, in Gloucestershire. In
addition to the work noticed above, he left many Latin
tracts, (MSS.,) and an English treatise, entitled The Dif-
ference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy, as it
more particularly regards the English Constitution. This
was pub. in 1714, Svo, with Remarks by the author's de-
scendant, John Fortescue Aland. It proves and enlarges
upon the superior degree of liberty possessed by the Eng-
lish over the French. It was probably written after De
Laudihus, Ac, as the author does not quote it in the latter
work. See Oldys's Brit. Lib., 250-254. The De Laudihus
Legum Angliai was first printed by Whitchurch, sine anno,
but in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. In 1516,
12mo, a trans, into English, made by Robert Mulcaster,
was given to the world. Reprinted 1567, '73, '76, '7S, '99,
1609, with Hongham's Summa; Magna et Parva, and Notes
by Selden on De Laudihus, Ac, 1616, '60, '72. Mulcaster,
the translator, says, in his dedication to John Walshe :
"It hapued me of late to light upon this little Treatise, which I
incoutiuent desired to runue ouer, because it seemed to discourse
upon some points of the law of our couutrie whereof I myself then
was and am now a student. AVhen 1 had ouerrunne it, and be-
cause I wished all men to bane part of my delight, methougbt it
good to translate it into Kuglish forth of Latine."
Trans, into English, illustrated with the Notes of Mr.
Selden, and a great variety of Remarks with respect to the
Antici., Hist., and Laws of Eng. ; to which arc added the
Suuimae of Hengham,by J. Glanvill, 1737, fob; 2d ed., 1741.
Now ed., including Selden's Notes and Hengham's Summae,
with a large Hist. Pref. by Francis Gregor, 1775, Svo.
The notes and references in this ed. are more ample than in
any of the preceding eds., and the trans, is more accurate.
The last ed. of Fortescue is by A. Amos, Camb., 1S25, Svo.
The trans, is the same as Gregor's :
" Professor Amos judiciously retained some of the notes of former
editions, but for tho most part added new ones, which are less
copious than Gregor's. Professor Amos discharged the office of
Anuotator with ability and moderation." — Marvin's Leg. Bibl.^ q.
V. for a reference to authorities subjoined.
In 1663, fob, Mr. E. Waterhouse pub. Fortescutus Hlus-
tratus; or, A Comment, on that Nervous Treatise, De Lau-
dihus Legum Anglia3. For llargrave's opinion of this
work see W.\terhouse, E. The merits of De Laudihus
Legum Anglh-B are unquestionable ; and, as we have already
stated, its authority has lost nothing by the lapse of time :
*' All good men and lovers of tho Enghsh constitution speak of
him with honour; aud he still lives, in tho opinion of all true
Englishmen, in as high esteem and reputation as any judge that
ever sat in Westminster Hall." — John Fortescue Aland.
We quote some other commondations of this learned
Treatise ;
" Aureolum hunc dialogum-libellum. de quo dicit potest id quod
de fluvio Teleboa scripsit Xenophon, Mcyas ftci; of xa^os Sc . . .
Certe leges nostria? ut iu illo libro videbis persapienter compo-
sitae." — Sir Wiluam Jones, in a klfer to a tnirned J'oreigner.
" ilis writing showeth a sharp judgment, and in this is exquisite
and artificial, that when he eudeavoureth to be plain, he speaketh
not to be profijund, for he writ to a king, who deserved things
plainly opened."
" Sir John Fortescue. whose learned ' Commentaries on the Law'
make him famous to all posterity," — Fttlkr's Worthies of Devonshire.
".\n admiratile treatise, which, for the excellence of its method,
solidity of matter, aud justness of its views, excels every work on
that subject." — Henkv.
"An ingenious defence of the Common Law of England against
the attacks of civil lawyers. Bracton and Fortescue are the two
most learned and almost the only learned of the Ancient Law-
yers."— Bishop Warbititon.
"It displays sentiments upon liberty and limited government
which one could not expect to find in a writer of this period; and
there runs through the whole an air of probity that conciliates the
attention of the reader."
See 10 Rep., Pref. 28; 3 Pref. 21; Willes, 543; 1 West's
Ca., temp. Hard., 27; 10 West. Rov., 97; North's Dis., 85;
No. 64. L. M., 283; 1 Kent, 501 : Pref. Gregor's Fortescue;
Fulbeck's Preparative, 70 ; 4 Reeves's Hist,, 112; Nicol-
son's Eng, Hist. Lib., 163; Marvin's Log. Bib., 319.
FOR
FOS
Fortescue, Sir John. See Alanh. John Fortescue.
Fortescue, John. Serin., 1760, 8vo.
Fortescue, Thomas. The Foreste or Collection of
Historyes — nu less protitable than pleasant and necessary,
done out of French into English, Lon., 1671, 4to.
"The genius of these tak-s may hv discerned fruiii their history.
The book is said to have been written in Spanish by Petro do
Messia, then translated into Italian, thence into French by Claude
Crnget. a citizen of Paris, and lastly from French into English by
Fortescue. Itut many of the stories seem to have originally mi-
grated from Italy to Spain." — WuHmi's Hist, of Eng. Poi:t.
Forth, Earl of. Letter to Earl of Essex. 1643, 4to.
Forth, Henry. Supper of our Lord, 1548, 16mo.
Forth, Win. Letter to Bp. of Norwich, 1813.
Fortnum, Mrs. 1. The Adventures of Victor Allen ;
a Nov., lSti:», 2 vnls. 2. Cordelia. 2 vols.
Fortrcy, Samuel, a Gentleman of the King's Bed-
chamber. England's Interest and luiprovement, consist-
ing in the Increase of the State and Trade of this King-
dom, Camb., 166:J, '73, 1744, 8vo.
" Chietiy remarkable for having powerfully assisted in raising
and perpetuating that prfjudice against the trade with France
■which resnlted not long after in its almost total prohibition." —
McCuUoch's Lit. of I'oUt. Econ.
F'ortuue, E. F. T. 1. Epitome of the Stocks and
Funds, Lon., 1796. 12mo ; 16th cd., by D. M. Evans, 1851,
12mo. 2. Hist, of the Bk. of England, 1796, Svo. 3. Nat.
Life Annuities, 1800.
Fortune, Robert, b. 1813, at Berwick. Scotland.
Three Years' Waiidcriugs in the Northern Provinces of
China; 3d ed., Lon., 1853. 2 vols. p. 8vo.
" Mr. Fortune was sent to China for the purpose of obtaining new
plants, and his instructions directed him to pay all possible attention
to the horticulture and agriculture of the people; and on these
points his work will be most welcome." — Lon. Gardener's Chron.
"Tliis is a genuine book, — as full of interest and amusement as
it is empty of pretences at fine writing." — Lmi. At/ien.
Two Visits to the Tea-Countries of China, 2 vols. p. Svo.
A Residence among the Chinesej being the Third Visit
from 1853 to 1S56, 8vo, 1857.
Fosbrooke, John. Six Serms., Camb., 1633, 4to.
Fosbrooke, Thomas Dudley, 1770-1842, educated
at St. Paul's Scliool. and Pembroke Coll., Oxf. ; M.A.,
1792: Curate of Ilorslej. 1794; Curate of Walford, 1810,
and Vicar, 1830. 1. The Economy of Monastic Life, as it
existed in England; a Poem, with Pbilos. and Archa?ol.
lUust., Lon., 17'J5, 4to. 2. British Monachism ; or, Man-
ners and Customs of the Monks and Nuns of England.
To which are added, I. Pereijrinaturintn Eeliij'njsum, or
Manners and Customs of ancient Pilgrims; II. Cousuetu-
dinal of Anchurets and Hermits; III. Account of the
Contitientes, or Women who had made Vows of Chastity;
IV. Four Select Poems, in various Styles, 2d ed., 1817, 4to.
" A considerable portion of this work having been re-writteu.
with the view of introducing large and impoitant accessions from
the ancient Chroniclers, and especially from Dv C.vnge, (a work as
recondite as MS. to all but our first aut)i[uaries,) the present
edition, enlivened by reflections suited to history, is adapted, not
to the antiquary only, but to the general reader, as inteiest, cu-
riosity, and entertainment, have been studiously consulted."
New ed., with addits., 1S43, 2 vols. r. Svo.
The first edition of this work was most favourably no-
ticed by all the lleviews.
'• Mr. Fosbrooke has given to the publick, chiefly from MS. au-
thorities, a comprehensive view of the character and manners of
monastic life; and has brought together many tacts, which serve
to wist a li;j,ht on the history of human nature. The manners of
the period which furnished his materials were so entiiely din"erent
from those of the present times, that the relation of thom is highly
gratifying and instructive. This work contains much curious
and original information." — British Crilic, 1802.
See this work reviewed in the Gentleman's Magazine
for January, February, and March; and also in the British
Critic for February, 1818.
See a review of this work, and an elaborate paper on
British Monachism, by Robert Southey, in the London
Quart. Rev., xxiii. 59-102.
" Having thus noticed some errors in Mr. Fosbrooke's work, it
would be highly unjust were we not at the same time to state
that it contains a great deal of curious and reeondite information,
and that, wherever the subject permits, the author gives proof in
the liveliness of his expressions of a vigorous and original mind."
— Ubi supra.
" Foshrooke's learned work on British Monachism." — Silt Walteb
SOOTT.
3. Hist, of the County of Gloucester, from the Papers of
Ralph Bigland, &c., 1807. 2 vols. 4to. 4. Letter to Can-
ning. 180y, Svo. 5. Key to the N. Te?t.. 1815, 12mo.
Compiled from Whitby, Hammond, and Bishop Mann.
6. Berkeley MSS., 1821, 4to. 7. Companion to the Wye
Tour, Ross, 1821, Svo. 8. Account of Cheltenham, Lon.,
12mo. 9. Account of Ragland Castle, 12mo. 10. Enry-
clopsedia of Antiquities and Elements of Archjeology,
1823-25, 2 vols. 4to ; pub. in numbers, 1841, r. Svo. New
ed., with improvements, 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo ; 107 Plates.
"■A work as original as it is important — elegantly written, and
full of interesting information, with which every person of liher.al
education ought to be acquainted. No good library should be
without it." — Lon. Literary Chronicle.
11. Archseol. Sketches of Ross and Archenfield, 1821,
12mo. 12. The Tourist's Grammar, 1826, 12mo. 13. A
Treatise on the Arts, Manners, Manufactures, and Institu-
tions of the Romans, 1833-35, 2 vols. fp. Svo; Lardner's
CycloptBdia. Every antiquarian collection should contain
Mr. Fosbrooke's works.
Fosket, Henry. 1. Facts Explan. of his Conduct,
1810. Svo. 2. Rights of the Army Vindicated, 1810, Svo.
3. Supp., 1812, Svo.
FosSj Edward. 1. The Grandeur of the Law; or. the
Legal Peers of England: with Sketches of their Profess.
Career, Lon., 1843, 12mo. 2. The Judges of England, vol.
i., 1066-1199; vol. ii., 1199-1272, pub. Lon., 1348, Svo.
Vulsiii. and iv., 1272-1483. 1851, Svo. Vol. v.. The Tudors,
and vol. vi., The Stuarts, 1857, (an interesting portion of
constitutional history.)
Notices of vols. iii. and iv. :
"This work will supply an important deficiency in English
literature, — a deficiency long felt and acknowledged by more than
those engaged in the study and practice of the law. . . . The
Judges of England is an excellent book, and will, without doubt,
be appreciated as well by the public at large as by the members
of the legal profession.'"— Ttn'/'s E<lin. M-.kj.
" A correction of many errors, an addition of much new informa-
tion, and a better general view of a strictly legal history than any
other jurist, historian, or biographer, had heretofore attempted to
give." — Lon. Examiner.
" A work which cannot be too highly estimated, whether for
the impoi-tance of its object, or the great learning, extraordinary
research, judgment, and impartiality, which are bestowed on all
parts of its composition." — Lon. Legal Observer.
" He has written a book which has added more to our know-
ledge of legal history than any single book published since M:v-
dox's History of theExchequer."— Z-oh. Gent. May.
Foss, John. Serm., 1735, Svo.
Fossat, George. On the Trinity, Lon., 1796, '97, Svo.
Fossat, Thomas. Serm., 1613, Svo.
Foster. 1. First Principles of Chemistry, N. York,
12mo. 2. Chart of the Organic Elements.
Foster, Mrs. 1. Handbook of Modern European
Literature, Lon., 1S49, 12mo. The object of this book
is not so uuich to give elaborate criticisms on the vari-
ous writers in the languages to whose literature it is in-
tended as a guide, as to direct the student to the best
writers in each, and to inform him on what subjects they
have written.
" The attempt of the authoress is educational ; but the qualities
of her researches are so laboured, and the information she has g.i-
thered is so comprehensive, that the book will be an acquisition
to every well-selected library as a means of reference in all cases
where memory tails, or where much time without it would be lost
in making reseaicbes."— £(.'W'.? Lon. Messenger.
2. Vasari's Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Archi-
tects; trans, by Mrs. F., and pub. in Bohn's Standard
Library, 5 vols. p. Svo.
"The enthralling Biographies of Vasari, — biographies which,
from their peculiar diversity and fascination, have caused the late
unfortunate Uaydon to exclaim with enthusiasm, ' If I were con-
fined to three books in a desert island, I would certainly choose
the IJible, Shakspeare, and Vasari.' ''— Westminster and For. Quar.
Il-iV.
Foster, Lt., of the First Dragoons. Military Instruc-
tions from the late King of Prussia to his Generals, 1797.
Foster, A. F. 1. Spanish Literature, Lon., 1851,
12mo. 2. General Treatise on Geography, 1853, 12nio.
3. Italian Literature, 1853, 12mo.
Foster, Authony, 1785-1820, of Charleston, S. C.
Sernis.
Foster, Arthur. Digest of the Laws of Georgia,
1820-29, inclusive, Phila.. 1831, Svo.
" This is an unauthorized Digest, embracing the same period as
Dawson's, and contains an Appoudix of Forms used in carrying
the Laws into effect."
Foster, Sir Augustus J,, Brit. See. of Legation at
Washington, 180-1-06; Envoy to America, 1811-12. Notes
on the United States, Lon., 1841, Svo. Unpublished. See
an interesting review of this work, with many extracts, in
the Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixviii. 20-57.
" We cannot conclude wilhout once more hinting our hope that
Sir Augustus Foster may give these Notes to the public at large.
The specimens now quoted will, we are persuaded, induce both
friends and strangers in Englaud and in America to unite in our
wishes.'' — Ubi supra.
Foster, Benjamin, 1750-1798, rainisterin New York,
was a native of Danvers, Mass. Theolog. treatises.
Foster, Birket. 1. Christmas with the Poets j a
collec. of Songs, Carols, (fee, with 50 Illus. by B. F., Lon.,
1850, r. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, r. Svo.
FOS
" We unbesitatinply place this most perfect specimen of biblio-
praphic art at the head of its class. It is a worlt of enduring
value, as well in its literary as in its elegant embellishmentd." —
X. rork Literary Wurld.
2. Cowper's Task, with Illustrations, Edin., 1855. The
London Art Journal says of it :
" We wonder what the bard of Ouse would say to this exquisite
edition of his favourite poem, could he see it. Such a lover of na-
ture as he was. how his eye would have li^ihted up at Mr. Foster's
delicious bits of landscape — simple, truthful, and poetical as the
lines they illustrate. We have often had occasion to commend
Mr. Foster's landscape compositions, but we have never seen his
pencil more charmiufily evinced than on this volume."
"One of the most beautiful gift-lKioks which has appeared this
season — one of the most beautiful, indeed, which has ever appeared
in any season — is a new edition of 'The Task,' of Cowper, richly ^
illustrated by Birket Foster." — ton. Quar. Jiev.
"Among the pictorial iiift-books of the season, the chief place
belongs to the 'illustrated edition of Cowper's Task.' It is alto-
gether a beautiful work, and one of perennial value." — L071. Lit.
Gcurette.
To Mr. Foster we are indebted for a number of other \
beautiful Illustrations. 1
Foster, C. J. 1- On the London University. 2. Ele-
ments of Jurisprudence, 1854, p. 8vo.
Foster, or Forster, Edward. Prin. and Prac. of 1
Midwifery. Completed and corrected by J. Sims, M.D.,
Lon., 1781, 8vo.
Foster, Francis. Thoughts on the Times, but
chiefly on the Profligacy of Women, and its Causes, Lon.,
1779. 12mo. j
Foster, George. 1. Sounding of the last Trumpet,
IfioO, 4to. 2. Pouring out of the Seventh and last Vial,
1660, 4to.
Foster, Georgius. De Epilepsia, Lugd. Bat., 1679, 4to.
Foster, Hannah, an American authoress. The Co-
quette; or. The History of Eliza Wharton. New ed., with
a Preface by Mrs. Jane E. Locke, 1855. This melancholy
story is founded on fact. See Cheney, Hahriet V. ; CcsH-
ING, Mrs.
Foster, Henry. Trained Bands of London, 1643, 4to.
Foster, Henry. Serm., 1777, 8vo.
Foster, Henry, 1746-1814, entered at Queen's Coll.,
. Oxf., 1764; Perpetual Curate of St. James's, Clerkenwell,
1804. 1. Grace Displayed and Saul Converted; sub. of a
Serm., Acts ix. 11, Lon., 1776, 8vo. New ed., 1814, 8to.
2. The Bible Preaclier; or. Closet Companion for every
Day in the Year, 1824, 12mo.
" A work worthy the attention of all clergymen, dissenting mi-
nisters, and all denominations of Christians." — LQivndvs's Brit. Lib.
Foster, Rev. J. K. 1. RecoUee. of Rev. G. D. Owen,
Lon., 1838, 8vo. 2. Convers. on Brit. Ch. Hist.. 1848, 12mo.
3. Strong Consolation, or the Penitent Sinner Encouraged,
32mo.
Foster, James, D.D., 1697-1753, a native of Exeter,
began to jireach as a dissenting minister, 1718, minister at
Barbican, London, 1724; at Pinner's Hall, 1744. Ho was
originally an Independent, but was subsequently baptized
by immersion. In 1728 he commenced the series of Sun-
day Evening Lectures — continued for more than twenty
years — which were numerously attended by persons of all
ranks of life and all classes of opinions.
" Here," says Dr. Fleming, " was a confluence of persons of every
rank, station, and quality. Wits, freethinkers, numbers of clergy;
who, whilst they gratified their curiosity, had their professions
shaken and their prejudices loosened. And of the usefulness and
success of these lectures he had a large number of written testi-
monials from unknown as well as known persons."
Perhaps no preacher ever maintained an enthusiastic
popularity for a longer period. Pope sang his praises, and
Savage declared llnre was none to be named with him.
"Let 11U..I1 -.f I'ostiT, if he will, excel
Ten Metropolitans in preaching well."
Prtf. to Pope's Satires.
" But see the accomplish'd t>rator appear,
Kefined his language, and his reason clear!
Thou, Foster, only, hast the pleasing art.
At once to charm"the ear, and mend the heart."
S.\v.\GE.
Lord Bolingbroke noticed the popular favourite after his
own fashion, by ascribing to him, but erroneously, it is said,
the absurd saying, often quoted by shallow disputants,
"Where mystery begins, religion ends."
But it has been remarked that,
" Whatever his person.al virtues and popular talents, he neither
professed nor possessed much zeal for the essential doctrines of
Christianitv."
1. Occasional Serms., 1720, '32, '41, '42, 8vo. 2. Scrms.,
1732, '33, '37, 8vo. 3. Serms., in 4 vols. 8vo ; 4th and best
cd., 1755. 4. Discouri-es on Natural Religion and Social
Virtues, 1749-52. 2 vols. 4to. 5. Essay on Fundamentals;
especially the Trinity. 1720, 8vo. A celebrated essay.
6. Defence of the Usefulness, Truth, and Excellency of the
Christian Religion, 1731, 8vo. Written against Tindah
620
' ■■^' FOS
" This is generally and justly .acknowledged to he an ingenious
performance, and written with great clearness of thought and ex-
pression."—ic^"(^'s I>ei.stical Writers, q. v.
"It reflects much credit on the abilities and ingenuity of the
author." .'^ee Wilson's Hist, of Diss. Churches.
7. Answer to Dr. Stebbing's Letter on Heresy, 1735, 8vo :
do. to his 2d Letter, 1736, "8vo.
Foster, John. 1. Oratio habita C.antahrigi.'E in Col-
legio Regali, Cantab., 1752, 4to. 2. Dissertatio, Lon.,
1768, 4to.
Foster, John, of Elton. Serms., Lon., 1756, '57, 8vo.
Foster, John, 1731-1773, a native of Windsor, edu-
cated at Eton and King's Coll., Camb., Master of Eton,
1765; Canon of Windsor, 1772. An Essay on Accent and
Quantity, Eton, 1762, Svo ; 3d ed., 1820, Svo. An esteemed
work. The 3d ed. contains Dr. Gally's two Dissertations
against pronouncing the Greek language according to
Foster,Rt. Hon. John,M.P. Speeches,1793,'99,8vo.
Foster, John. Poems on Relig. Subjects, 1798, Svo.
Foster, John, D.D., 1783-1829, minister of Brighton,
Mass., husband of Hannah Foster, author of The Coquette.
Semis., 1799, !S02, '03, '05, '09, '17.
Foster, John. On the Method of Illustrating Scrip-
ture from the relation of Modern Travellers, 1802, 8vo.
Foster, John, 1770-1843, a native of Yorkshire, Eng-
land, was the son of a farmer, who employed his leisure
hours in weaving, and taught his son the use of the hand-
wheel. When 14 years of age, John was placed under the
care of a manufacturer, who soon discovered that his stu-
dious apprentice would prove but .an unprofitable assistant.
Discharged from a distasteful employment, he determined
to study for the ministry, and entered the Baptist College
at Bristol, where he soon gained distinction by intellectual
abilities. In 1792 he commenced preaching, and officiated
among the Baptists at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Dublin, Chi-
chester, Duwnend, near Bristol, and Frome, in Somerset-
shire, in succession. Obliged by a glandular affection of
the neck to discontinue preaching, he retired to Stapleton,
near Bristol, and here he devoted himself to literary com-
position, for which few have been so well qualified. He
was the principal contributor to the Eclectic Review, and
for a period of thirteen years wrote for its columns those
excellent essays which gave that periodical so extensive
and durable a reputation. We should not fail to mention
that the "Friend" to whom he addressed his essays was a
Miss Maria Snooke of Downcnd, who subsequently became
Mrs. John Foster. For further particulars respecting this
excellent man and eminent writer, we must refer the reader
to his Life and Correspondence, by J. E. Ryland ; with No-
tices of Mr. Foster as a preacher and companion, by John
Sheppard, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols.
Svo. New ed., (Bohn's Stand. Lib.,) 1852, 2 vols. 12mo;
Boston, 1850, 2 vols, in 1, 12mo.
'■In the interesting volumes before us we find, and principally
in his own woids, a full and tiithful register of the leading events
in his life, and of the more interesting movements in his spiritual
history. The book is arranged on a plan somewhat similar to that
adopted in Carlyle's work on Cromwell. The biography constitutes
an intermitting chain between the numerous letters, and is exe-
cuted in a modest and intelligent manner. Besides his correspond-
ence, theie are large and valuable excerpts from his journals, and
to the whole are appended interesting though slight notices of his
character, from the pen of Mr. Sheppard." — Gilftllan's Sccund Gal-
kry of Lit. Pirrtraits.
In 1SU5 Mr. Foster pub. (1.) Essays, in a Series of Let-
ters to a Friend, on the following sulijecis: 1. On a man's
; writing memoirs of himself; 2. On Decision of Character;
3. On the .'ippliealion of the epithet Romantic; 4. On some
of the causes by which Evangelical Religion has been ren-
dered less ucceplable to persons of cultivated taste, 9th ed.,
1830, Svo. Tlie final corrections of the author appear in
this ed., from which the subsequent eds. were printed; 13th
ed., 1839, 12mo; 21st ed., 1850. p. Svo.
" I happened myself to be in Bristol at the moment when his
four essays were first issuing from the press; and everywhere 1
heard so pointed an account of the expectations connected with
Foster by his religious party, that I made it a duty to read his
book without delay. It is a distant incident to look back upon;
gone by far more than thirty years; but I remember my first im-
pressions, which were these:— first. That the novelty or weight of
the thinking was hardly sutficient to account for the sudden popu-
larity, without some e3-tra influence at work; and, secondly, That
the contrast was remarkable between the uncoloured style of his
general diction, and the brilliant felicity of occasional images em-
broidered upon the sober ground of his text. The splendour did
not seem spontaneous, or growing up as part of the texture within
the loom; it was intermitting, and seemed as extraneous to the
substance as the fiowei s which are chalked for an evening upon
the floors of ball-rooms." — De Quincet/'s £ssays cni the Ibets and
other Eng. Writers, q. v.
The eminent authorities next to be quoted take a very
different view of our author.
FOS
FOT
"The author places the idea whirh he wishes to present in such
a flood of light, that it is not merely visible itself, but it seems to
illumine all around it. lie paiuts metaphysics, and has the happy
art of arranj^inj; what in other hands would appear cold and com-
fortless abstractious, in the warmest colours of fancy. Without
quitting his argument in pursuit of ornament or imagery, his
imagination becomes the perfect handmaid of his reason, ready at
every moment to spread her canvas and present her pencil." —
Robert IUll.
" I have read, with the greatest admiration, the Essays of Mr.
Foster, lie is one of the most profound and eloquent writers that
England has produced." — Sir James Mackintosh.
" Mr. Foster's Essays are full of ingenuity and original remarks.
The style of them is at once terse and elegant."' — Dr. Dicdin :
Library Coinjy.
"A very accurate and powerful writer of the present day, Mr.
Foster, in his Essay on Decision of Characttr." &c. — Samdel \Var-
ken: Ten Thousand a Y&ar. And see the same author's Introduc.
to Law Studies.
It would bo easy to multiply commendations.
In 1S19 appeared (2) the Essays on the Evils of Popu-
lar Ignorance. New ed., 16th thousand, including the
Discourse on the Communication of Christianity to the
People of India, 1850, sm. Svo.
This the author considered his best work, and is the one
by which he wished his literary claims to be estimated.
The fact of its not having sold so well as bi.s other Essays
was, he used to say, a proof of Popular Ignorance. The
author was not the only admirer of his performance :
"A work which, popular and admired as it coufessi?dIy is, hns
never met with the thousandth part of the attention which it de-
serves. It appears to me that we are now at a crisis in the state
of our country and of the world, which renders the reasonings and
exhortations of that eloquent production applicable and urgent
beyond all power of mine to express." — Dr. J. Pye Smith.
*' If any have yet to learn the Evils of Popular Ignorance, let
them survey the chambers of imagery in this original and affect-
ing Essay, and if they can receive impressions, they will never
more forget that the people aiNj destroyed for lack of knowledge."
^Dr. John Harris, author of Mamnum.
3. Contributions, Biographical, Literary, and Philosophi-
cal, to the Eclectic Review, 1840, 2 vols. Svo.
"They are worthy to go along with the reviews of Hall, Macjiu-
lay, and Jeffrey. I'rofound, keen, courteous, powerful in reason-
ing, vigorous and massive in style, and eminently Christian in
sentiment, they will sulTer nothing by comparison with the writ-
ings of those justly-celebrated men in the most important points,
while iu some they possess an evident superiority." — Lon. Congre-
gationul Mog.
" We believe that no Review in England, in America, or on the
Continent, can boast of more precious treasure.s than those dis-
closed in the volumes before us." — Lon. Evainj'lii-<i( Mag.
'"■ We question if there be another Review in Kinope that could
show such a series of papers as Foster contributed to the Eclectic."
— United S':cession Magazine, Anguj^t.
"Had the Eclectic Review achieved nothing else for letters and
piety than eliciting the contributions of Foster, it would have
established strong claims to public gratitude." — Lon. Christian
Wilnrss.
4. Lectures delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol.
1st Series, 1844, Svo; 3d ed., 1848, 12mo. 2d Series, 1847,
8to; 2ded., 1848, 12mo.
"We know of nothing in the language equal to the Tjectnres
upon IliBtoiical Subjects from the Old aud New Ti-staments in
point of grajihical vividii.'ssof description and pitiruinuily instruct-
ive comment. All tlie discoveries are rich in thought aud deeply
impressive; and of all Mr. Foster's writings, they give us the best
and truest impress of the real character of his mind." — Lon.
Patriot.
5. Introductory Essay to Doddridge's Rise and Progress,
1847, 12mo.
"In point of direct religious utility, it has been surpassed by
none of his writings." — Jiyhtnd's Life of Foster, vol. ii. p. 17.
" Several parts I have had to write anew and differently; minor
corrections to an endless amount. To think how much ado. of
talking, fretting, pacing the room morning and night, pleading
excuse from preaching and visiting, setting aside of plans for
South Wales, &c.; and all for what? — a Preface to Doddridge's
Rise and Progress." — John Foster.
"In simplicity of language, in majesty of conception, in the elo-
quence of that conciseness which conveys, in a short sentence,
more meaning than the mind dares at once admit, his writings
are unmatched." — Ni/rth British Review.
" His Essays are original, and calculated to enlarge the mind."
— Sicker steth's C. S.
" For twenty years we have heen enthusiasts in reference to this
writer's genius." — GiLriLLA>f : Seco/id Gallery of Lit. Pod.
" Mr. (lilfiUan possibly overrates the power of this essayist, and
the hold which ho has upon the public mind. It is singular,
meanwhile, that whatever might be its degree, much or little, ori-
ginally his influence was due to an accident of position, which, in
some countries, would have tended to destroy it. He was a Dis-
senter."— De Quincev : Essays on the Potts, and other Eng. Writers.
The reader can pure^ue the subject in the two works last
named, and many of the leading periodicals of the day.
Foster, John Leslie. 1. Essay on the Principles
of Commercial Exchanges, Ac., Lon., 1804, Svo.
" In this very able treatise Mr. Foster gives the earliest explana-
tion of the real natureand influence of absentee expenditures that
we have met with." — MrCidh'ch^s Lit. of Pjlit. Kcon.
2. Speech rol. to R. Catholics in Ireland, 1812, Svo,
Foster, Joseph. Sec Forster.
Foster, Mark. A Treat, of Trigonometry.
Foster, Sir Michael, IGS9-1763, an eminent law-
yer, a native of Marlborough, AViltr^hire, educated at Exe-
ter Coll., 0.\f., entered the Mbldlo Temple in 170T, was
knighted and made a Judge of the Court of King's Bench
in 1745. 1. Letter to Prot. Dissenters, 1720. 2. Exam.
of the scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex
Juris Ecclosiastici Anglieani, Ac, 1735.
"In this he controverted the system of Church power vested in
the clergy, and which forms the groundwork of Bishop <jiljsou's
* Codex."'
Several answers appeared, the principal one by Dr. An-
drews, a civilian. 3. The King against Alex. Bruadfoot,
Oxf., 1758, 4to. 4. Report, etc. rel. to trial of the Rebels
in 1746; 1762, fol.; 1770, 8vo. New ed., with Discourses
upon a few Branches of the Crown Law, 1792, Svo; 3d ed.,
with Appendix, cont'g Foster's Opinion, &q., and Notes
and References by Michael Dodson, 1809, Svo.
''The tr Illy adniiralile discourses of Sir Michael Foster." — Judge
Story: Mi.^irll. iVriiiugs,!*).
"The autlioi- did not attempt to write a regular Treatise upon
Ciown Law. His discourses are much admired for their sound
and accurate learning."
See Pref. Gilbert's Evid., byLofft,37; Cowp.. 7; 3 East,
582; Warren's Law Stu.. 620; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.. 321.
Michael Dodson, his nephew, pub. his Life in ISll, Svo.
Foster, Nich. KebelUon in Barbadoes, 1650, Svo.
Foster, P. L. N. Act rcl. to Wills, Lon., 1837. 12mo.
Foster, Rev. Randolph S., b. 1820, in Williams-
burg, Ohio. 1. Objections to Calvinism. 2. Christian Pu-
rity, N.Y., 1851, 12mo. ."'>. Ministry Needed for the Times.
Foster, Richard. To the Rulers in Israel, 1650.
Foster, Robert, or William. Hoplocrisma-Spon-
gvs ; or, A iSponge tu wipe away the Weapon-salve, Lon.,
lt)31, 4 to.
Foster, Samuel, d. 1652, a native of Northampton-
shire, educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb., was elected Prof,
of Astronomy in Gresham Coll. in 1636, and again in 1641.
He was a distinguished mathematician. His principal
works are — 1. Descrip. of a Quadrant, Lon., 1624, 4to.
Several eds. 2. The Art of Dialling, 1638, &c.,4to. 3. Four
Treatises on Dialling, 1654, 4to. 4. Ilorologiographyj 1654,
4to. 6. Miscellanea, Eng. and Lat., 1659, fol.
Foster, Thomas, Serm., Lon., 1631, 4to.
Foster, Thomas* See FonsTEti.
Foster, Thomas. Chrestomatheia; or, A Collection
of Morality and Sentiment extracted from various Authors,
1793, 12mo.
Foster, Wm. See Forster.
Foster, Wm. See Fonnt^STEu.
Foster, Wm., D.D. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1802, 4to.
Foster, Rev. Wm., Head Master of St. Paul's School,
Snuthsea, has jmb. Greek and Latin Grammars, &c., and
works on Arithmetic and Algebra.
Foster,Mrs.VV. Lady Marion, Lon. ,1853, 3 vols. p. Svo.
*'TIiis fascinating novel needs not the attraction of the name of
the late Duke of Wellington's niece upon the title-page to com-
mend it to the novel-readers of the fashionable world. The work
gives evidence of talent of uo common order." — John Bull.
Foster, Wm. L. New Hampshire Reports, vols, i.,
ii., iii., pub. to 1854, Boston, Svo.
Fotherby, Martin, D.D.. 1559-1619, a native of Lin-
colnshire, educated at, and Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb.,
Preb. of Canterbury, 1596; Bishop of Sarum, 1618. 1.
Fo^ro Serms., Lon., 1608, 4to. 2. Atheomasti; or, The
clearing of Four Truths against Atheists, &c., 1622, fol.
Fothergill, Anthony, a husbandman, pub. three
theulog. treatises, Lon., 1754, '56, Svo.
Fothergill, Anthony, M.D., of Northampton, pub.
treatises on Fever, Poison, &c., 1763-99, and contrib. pro-
fess, papers to Med. Obs. and Inq., and Phil. Trans., 1767-
1805.
Fothergill, Charles. 1. The Wanderer: Tales and
Essays, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Essay on Natural History,
1813. ]2mo.
Fothergill, George, 1705-1760, a native of West-
moreland, educated at, and FeUnw and tutor of. Queen's
Coll., Oxf. ; Principal of Edmund Hall, and Vienr of Bram-
ley, Hampshire, 1751. 1. Occas. Serms., Lon., 1756, *57,
'58, Svo. 2, Serms., 1761, '62, Svo; Oxf., 1765, 2 vols. Svo.
" His sermons display a largo share of manly sense. They are
clear, rational, and instructive. His turn of thought and expres-
sion is ingenious and sprightly." — Lon. Mimth. Rev.
Fothergill, John, M.D., 1712-1780, an eminent phy-
sician, a member of the Snciety of Friends or Quakers,
was a native of Carr End, Yorkshire. After travelling on
the continent, he settled in London, where he gained such
fame in his profession that he enjoyed an income of about
621
FOT
£7000, and left an estate of £80,000. He endowed a semi-
nary for young Quakers at Ackworth, near Leeds, assisted
Sydney Parkinson in his account of his South Sea Voy-
age, and printed Anthony Purver's (a Quaker) trans, of
the Biblo from the Hebrew and Greek, at an expense of
£2000. 1. Thesis de Emeticorum usu, in variis Morbis
tractandis, Edin., 1738, 8vo. 2. Sore Throat with Ulcers,
Lon., 1748, '54, 8vo. 3. Rules for the Preserv. of Health,
1762, 8vo. 4. Acct. of Dr. Cullinson, 1770, 4to. Anon.
6. Explan. Remarks to the Pref. to Sydney Parkinson's
Jour, of a Vuy. to the South Seas. 1773, 4to. 6. Hydro-
phobia, 1778, 8vo. 7. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736. 8. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1744. 9. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.. 1755,
'67, '78, '84. His Works, edited by John Elliot, M.D.,
with Life and Notes, 1781, 8vo. By Gilbert Thompson,
1782, 8vo. By Dr. Lettsom, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo; 1784, 4to.
Hurtas Uptoniensis; or, A Cat. of Stove and Greenhouse
Plants in Dr. Fothergill's Garden at Upton, at the time of
his decease, 1784, 8vo.
"The person of Ur. Fothergill was of a delicate rather than ex-
tenuated make. His features were all expressive, and his eye had
a peculiar brilliancy. His understandinj^ was comprehensive and
quick, and rarely embarrassed on the mosf sudden occa.'^iODS.
There was a charm in his conversation and address that conciliated
the regard and confidence of all who employed him; and so dis-
creet and uniform was his conduct, that he was not apt to forfeit
the esteem which he had once acquired."
See authorities cited above ; also Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ;
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Physic and Physicians; The
Lives of Brit. Physicians; and for a list of his separate
papers in Ed. Me<i. Ess., Phil. Trans., and Med. Obs. and
Inq., refer to Bibl. Brit.
Fothergill, Samuel, d. 1773, an eminent Quaker
preacher, brother of the preceding, travelled over England,
Scotland, Ireland, and North America, holding religious
meetings. He was greatly respected. 1. Remarks on an
Address to the People called Quakers, and a Serm., &c. by
M. Pilkington. In a Letter tu the Author; with Observ.
by Phipps, 1761, 8vo. 2. Reply to E. Owen on Water Bap-
tism, 1763, 8vo. 3. Letters, 1816.
Fothcrgill, Samuelj M.D. Tic Douloureux, Lon.,
1804, Svo.
Fothergill, Thomas. Articles against Capt. Neid-
ham, 1653, 4to.
FothcrgiH, Thomas, D.D. Provost of Queen's Coll.,
and Preb. of Durham. Serms., Oxf., 1749, '53, '56, '60,
'62, '64.
Fouler. See Fowler.
Fouler, Wm. Truth's Vindication of Election and
Reprobation, Lon., 1652, 12mo.
Foulface, Philip. Bacchvs Bovntie, Describing the
debonairc dietie of his bountiful godhead, in the royall
obseruance of his great feast of Pentecost. Necessaire to
be read and marked of all, for the eschuing of like enor-
mities. By Philip Foulface of Ale-foord, student in good
fellowship, Lon., 1594, 4to. Partly in verse and partly in
prose; much in the style of Robert Greene. Three sheets
only. Bibl. Anglo-Puet., 74, £6. It is reprinted in the
Harleian Miscellany.
" The intention of this Pamphlet was to expose the sin of drunk-
enness, and the folly and danfrer of those who give themselves up
to that chargeable, silly, and health-destroying vice: a vice, in
which a man takes the utmost pains to drown his own reason, to
commence a fool, the object of a sober man's resentment and re-
proach, and to ruin both bisown eshite and constitution." — Oldys.
To this "let nil the people say, Amen!"
Foulis, or De Foliis, Henry, 1638?-1685, entered
Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1654 ; Fellow of Lincoln's Coll., 1659 ;
took holy orders, but devoted himself to historical studies.
1. Hist, of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies of our blessed
Saints, the Presbyterians, Ac, Lon., 1662; Oxf., 1674, fol.
'■A\'hich book, tho' full of notable girds against that party, yet
it hath been so pleaf«ing to the royalists, (who have found much
wit and mirth therein,) that some of them have caused it to be
chained to desks in public places, and in some country -churches,
to be read by the vulgar. But as by the publishing of this book he
hath much displeased the Presbyterians, of whom some have fallen
foul upon him in their writings for so doing; so hath he more
displeased another party for the writing of this book following:
•' [2.j The History of the Romish Treasons and Usurpations, with
an Account of many gross Corruptions and Tmpostuies of the
Church of Rome, Ac. Lon.. 1071 and 'SI, fol. Which book, had it
not fallen into the hands of a knavish bookseller, might have been
extant in the lifetime of the author, and so consequently more
compleat and exact than it now is. At its first publication, I was
informed by a letter written by a noted man of that party, that
the papists did look upon the said book as a simple thing — That
he (the author) fought against his own shadow, and that all sober
Catholics did disallow much of what he combats against." — Atftt7i.
Oxon.
Watt ascribes to Foulis (3) Cabala; or, the Hist, of the
Conventicles Uncased, 1664, 4to; and Foulis left a MS.
622
■-"--- FOW
Account of all Serms. preached before Parliament, 1640-
48; in Wood's Collect., Ashmole's Museum, 84S0, 18.
Foulis, Sir James, Bart., d. 1791. 1. Lett, on Irish
Affairs, Lon., 1806, Svo. 2. Catholic Emancip., 1812, Svo.
Foulis, Oliver. Under this name David Lloyd pub.
his work Of Plots, Ac, Lon., 1664, 4to.
Foulis, Kobert, d. 1776, a celebrated printer, as was
also Andrew, his brother, who d. 1774. Cat. of Robert
Foulis's Pictures, by the most admired Masters, Lon., 1776,
3 vols. Svo. Sold at a great sacrifice. The balance over
the expenses amounted to only fifteen shillings. Respect-
ing the brothers Foulis, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Le-
moine's Hist, of Printing; Timperley's Diet, of Printers
and Printing.
Foulkes, E, S., Fellow and Tutor of Jesus Coll., O.^f.
Manual of Ecclesiastical History from the 1st to the 12 th
Cent, inclusive, Oxf., 1851, Svo. Mr. Foulkes's principal
authorities are — Spanheim, Spondanus, Mosheim, Fleury,
Gieseler, and Dcillinger.
" Mr. Foulkes writes in a spirit of manly faith." — Scottish EccUs.
Jour., Mcfj/, 1852.
Foulkes, Martin. See Folkes.
Foulkes, Peter, D.D. Serm., Oxf., 1723, 4to.
Foulkes, Robert. 1. Alarme for Sinners, Lon., 1679,
4to. 2. Ilis Confession and Life, 1679, 4to. An Account
of His Trial and Execution for Murder and Adultery was
pub. in the same year.
Foulston, J. Public Buildings of the West of Eng-
land, Lon., 1838, imp. 4to.
'■ The noble, elegant, and truly classical works of this eminent
Architect furnish admirable examples both of taste and profes-
sional skill in grappling; with and overcominf; some of the difficul-
ties of the art, namely, in arrangement and adaptation." — Bbitton
and liRAYLEY.
Fountain, John. His Catechisme, trans, by T. W.,
(Tho. Wilcox.) 1578, Svo.
Fountain, John. The Rewards of Vertue; a Come-
die, Lon., 1661, 4to. Altered by Sbiulwell, and represented
with success under tho title of The Royal Shepherdess,
T. C, 1669, 4to.
Fountain, or Fountayne, John, D.D., Dean of
York. Fast Serm., Lon.. 1756, Svo.
Fountaine, Sir Andrew, d. 175.3, an eminent anti-
quary, the friend of Dean Swift and other wits of the age,
is commended for his antiquarian knowle<lge by Montfau-
con in the preface to L'Antiquite Expliquce. Swift often
mentions him in his Journal to Stella.
1. Numismata Anglo-Saxonica et Anglo-Danica reviter
illustrata, Oxon., 1704, fol. Vide Hickes's Thesaurus.
2. Notes in Anglo-Saxonum Nummosa D. Andrea Foun-
taine editos. (abEdv. Thwaites,) Oxon., 1708, Svo. 3. His
Case in relation to a Bill under the name of Sir Charles
Holt, Bart., fol.
Fountaine, John. Letter to Dr. Turner concerning
the Ch. and the Revenues thereof, Lon., 1647, 4to. Anon.
Fountainhall, I^ord. Chronol. Notes of Scot. Affairs,
16.30-1701, taken chiefly from the Diary of Lord Foun-
tainhall, Edin., 1822. 4to.
Fountainhall, Sir JohnLauder,Lord. Decisions
of the Lords of Council and Session, 1678-1712, Edin.,
1759-61. 2 vols. fol.
Four, Du, VV, See Ddfour.
Fourestier, James. The Pearle of Practise; or,
Praetiser's Pearle for Physicke and Chirurgerie; found out
by J. H., (John Hester.) a Spagericke, or Distiller, amongst
the learned obseruations and proued practices of many
expert men in both faculties, Lon.. 1594. 4to.
Fourestier, Paul. Serm., Lon., 1758. Svo.
Fournier, Daniel. Perspective, Lon., 1762, 4to. This
is based on the principles laid down by Dr. Brook Taylor.^
Fovargue, Stephen. A new Cat. of Vulgar Errors,'
Lon., 1767, Svo. Intended as a supplement to Dr. Thomas
Browne's work of the same title.
Fowkc, John. Account of his Enquiries for Extin-
guishing Fires, fol.
Fowldes, Wni. The Strange and WonderfuU and
bloudy Battell betwcene Frogs and Mice ; a Poem, 1603, 4to.
FoAvIe, FulmerWm., Preb. of Salisbury. 1. Twelve
Serms., Lon., 1835, '36, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Serms. on Faith,
1845, 12mo. 3. Memoranda of 1846, '47, fp. Svo, 1848.
FoAVie, Thomas. Almanacks, 1681, '84, 12mo.
Fowie, Wm., M.D. 1. Hurricanes. &c. in W. Indies,
Lou., 1781, Svo. 2. Mercury in the Small-Pox, 1793, 8vo-
3. Fevers of the W. Indies. 1800, Svo.
Fowler. Serm. on Luke xxiii. 10. 1699, 4to.
Fowler, Christopher, 1611-1676, a clergyman of
the Church of England, joined the Presbyterians in 1641,
and became a noted preacher, as we shall presently see.
TOW
FOX
1. Dacmonium Meridianum, 1st Pt, 1655, 4to: 2d Pt., !
1656, 4to. This work relates to the ejection of Rev. John ,
Pordage. 2. Anti-Christian Blasphemies, Ac, 1655, 4to.
3. Answer to Thos. Speed, a Quaker, 1656. In this he i
was assisted by Simon Ford. George Fox animadverts !
upon this work. -4. Serin., 1675, 4to. 5. A few Occasional '
Serms.
*■ A very conceited and fantastical preacher. . . . For by his very
many odd gestures, and antic behaviour (unbeseeming the serious i
gravity to be used iu the pulpit) he drew constautly to his con- !
gre^^ation a numerous crowd of silly women and youug people, who
seemed to bi; huj,'ely taken and enaniour'd with his obstreporous-
ness aud undecent cants.'' — withen. Oxmi.
It is to be remembered that Anthony Wood shows no
raercy to Dissenters ; especially such as had left the
Church uf England ; unless, indeed, they became Roman
Catholics. Mr. Cooper describes Fowler as
" An able, holy, faithful, indefatigable servant of Christ. He
was quick in apprehension, solid in his notions, clear in his con-
ceptions, sound in the faith, strong and demonstrative in arguing,
mij^hty in conviucing, aud zealous for the truth against all errors."
Fowler, David Burton. The Prac. in the Ct. of
Exch. upon Proceed, in Equity, 1795; 2d ed., 1S17, 2 vols.
Svo.
Fowler, Edward, 16P.2-1714, originally a Presby-
terian, conformed at the Restoration ; Preb. of Gloucester,
1676; Bishop of Gloucester, 1691. He pub. many serms.
and theolog. treatises, the best-known of which is The
Design of Christianity, Lon., 1671, Svo; 3d ed., 1699, Svo.
This was attacked by John Bunyan, and defended by the
author. Libertas Evangelica, a sequel to the Design of
Christianity, was pub. iu 1780. The Design, &q. will be
found in the 6th vol. of Bishop Watson's CoUec. of Theolog.
Tracts.
" This work was first published in 1671 : there have been seve-
ral editions of it since, but not so many as, from the worth of it,
might have been expected." — Bisiiop Watson.
Fowler, George. 1. Three Years in Persia, Lon.,
1S41, 2 vols. p. Svo.
'■ Mr. Fowler's volumes possess great interest f^r those who love
to study pictures of foreign life." — Lon. AUicnaum.
2. Livesof the Sovereigusof Russia, from Rurick to Nicho-
las: vols. i. and ii.. p. Svo. 1852. '54; iii.. 1858: see Lon.
Athen., 1858, 687. 3. Hist, ofthe Ottoman Empire,1854,p.8vo.
Fowler, J. Hist, of the Troubles iu Suethland and
Poland which oecas. theexpul. of 8ig. III., Lon., 1656, fol.
Fowler, John, b. at Bristol, England, d. at Denmark,
Germany, 1579, a learned English printer, educated at
and Follow of New Coll., Oxf., reduced into a Compen-
dium the gumma Theologica of Aquinas, wrote Epigrams
and other verses, and engaged iu some other literary
labours, 1578, &c., besides printing many books in favour
of Romanism.
" Being a zealous papist, he could not comport with the Reforma-
tion, but conveyed himself and his press over to Antwerp, where
he was sif^nally serviceable to the Catholic cause, in prlntin^^ their
pamphlets, which were sent over and sold in England." — Fuller's
Worlf,i>s of Bristol.
" He was well skilVd in the Greek and Latin tongues, a tolerable
poet aud orator, and a theologist not to be contemn'd. So learned
was he also in criticisms, and other polite learning, that he might
have passed for another Kobert, or Henry, Stephens, printers." —
Athen. Oxon.
See the above authorities, and Dodd's Church Hist.,
vol. i.
Fowler, John, surgeon at Ayton. Hints rel. to re-
covery of the drowned, Lon., 1784, 8vo.
Fowler, John. The Last Guinea: a Poem, Svo.
Fowler, Orrin S. Works on Phvsiology, Education,
Phrenology, Ac, N. York, 1848-53. &c.
Fowler, Kiehard. Animal Electricity, or Galvanism,
Edtn.. 1793, Svo.
Fowler, Robert. A Quaker's Sea Journal, 1659, 4to.
FoAvler, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1754, Svo.
Fowler, Thomas, M.D., 1736-1801. a native of
York, England, practised at Stafford and York. 1. Dis-
sertatio Medica, Edin.. 1778, Svo. 2. Med. Reports of the
Effects of Tobacco, 1785, Svo. 3. Effects of Arsenic, 17S6,
Svo. 4. Effects of Blood-letting, *tc., 1795, Svo. 5. Con.
to Med. Com., 1777, '78, '94. 6. Memoirs Med., 1792.
'■Some idea of his indefatigable labours may Ixt conceived, when
we mention that he left in manuscript the history of more than
six thousand cases, which fell under his own inspection and treat-
ment." See Rees's Cyclopo'dia,
Fowler, W. The Eastern Mirror; an Illust. of the
Scriptures from celebrated Travellers, Exeter, 1814, Svo.
This is an abridgt. of Harmer and Burder, with some ad-
ditions.
Fowler, W. C. The English Language in its Ele-
ments and Forms. N. York, 1850, Svo.
" A work of great elaboration and care^ which carries the rela-
tions of grammar to other sciences further than is usual in such
treatises.'' — Wo(:liman and Observer.
Fowler, nr Fouler, Wm. Answer to Hamilton, 1581.
Fowler, Wm. Engravings of Mosaic Pavements and
paintings in Stained Glass, 2 vols, eleph. fob, Winterton,
York : v. y. Of this beautiful work not forty copies were
completed. It is worth about £24. Mr. Fowler, who was
originally a journeyman carpenter, was emphatically the
author of this book ; for he made the drawings and en-
gravings, prepared the colours, and even made the paper
itself.
Fowles, Rev. James H., 1S12-1S54, b. at Nassau,
New Providence, was the sun of Lt. Henry Fowles of the
British Army. He graduated at Yale College in 1831, and
about 1833 was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of
New York. He subsequently received ordination at tho
hands of Bishop Bowen of S. Carolina, and, after officiating
in several parishes in that State, iu 1845 accepted the rec-
torship of the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia, then
recently vacated by the removal of the Rev. Dr. Stephen
H. Tyng to New York. He here laboured with great zeal
until within a few months of his death, when obliged to
resign his duties from ill health. 1. Protestant Epis. Views
of Baptism Explained and Defended, Phila., 1846, ISmo.
2. Serms, [30] preached in the Church of the Epiphany,
Phila. J preceded by a biographical sketch of the author,
1S55, Svo.
"We should be glad to make some extracts from these sermons,
but it is about as difficult to do this as it would be to substitute
any other Iani,'uage for that ofthe author. Each sermon is a piece
of solid masonry. It must be taken as a whole to be appreciated;
and. what is uncommon, there is not a sermon in the book which
will not read better the second time. For close logical reasoning,
for distinctness of doctrine, for scriptural sfyle. and for power of
thought, few sermons we have ever seen equal them." — Prot.EpU.
Quar. Ifev. and Ch. Reg., N. lor/.-, April, iSoo.
Mr. Fowles also edited and wrote Introductions to Goode's
Better Covenant and The Convict Ship.
FoAvnes, George, late Prof, of Prac. Chem. in Univ.
Coll., London. 1. Chemistry as exemplifying the Wisdom
and Beneficence of God, being the Actonian Prize Essay
of 100 Guineas, awarded by the Com. of the Royal Instit.
of G. Brit., Lon., 1844, p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo.
" The field which the author has gone over is one of the utmost
interest. He has embraced all the leading facts of the subject, and
made them to bear upon his principal argument." — Lun. Aihuna^itni.
2. Chemical Tables, Lon., 1846, sm. fol. 3. Introduc. to
Qualitative Analysis, 1846, p. Svo. 4. Rudimentary Che-
mistry, 1848, 12mo. 5. Manual of Elementary Chemistry,
1844, fp. Svo; 4th ed., revised, 1852 ; 5th ed., with addits,,
edited by H. Bence Jones, M.D., and A. W. Hofman, Ph.
D., 1854; 4th Amer. ed., by Robert Bridges, M.D., Phila.,
1855, r. I2mo.
*'An admirable exposition of the present state of chemical sci-
ence, simply and clearly written, and displaying a thorough prac-
tical knowledge of its details, as well as a prolound acquaintance
with its principles. The illustrationa, and the whole getting up
ofthe book, merit our highest praise." — Brit, and Fur. Med. Rev.
'"One of the best elementary works on Chemistry accessible to
the American and English student."' — N, York Jour, of Med., March,
1854.
Fownes, Joseph, Serms., <tc., Lon., 1760-90.
Fowiies, or Fowns, Richard, D.D., domestic
chaplain to Prince Henry, son of James I. 1. Concio ad
Clerum Academia Oxon., Lon., 1606, 4to. 2. Trisagion ;
or, the Three Offices of Christ, 1619. 4to. 3. Serm., 1660.
Fox, General. Hist, of the War in the Peninsula,
Lon., 18.'i7, 'i vols. Svo.
"Without question, the most eloquent and masterly picture
ever attempted.'' — Lon. Moiithly Review.
Fox, Abr. L, Surgery, Lon., 1656, Svo.
Fox, Bohuii. Self-condemned Quaker, 1707, Svo.
Fox, Charles. A Series of Poems, Bristol, 1797, Svo.
Fox, Rt. Hou. Charles James, Jan. 24, 1749-
Sept. 13, 1806, second sou of the first Lord Holland and
Lady Georglana Carolina, eldest daughter of Charles,
Duke of Kichmond, was educated at Eton, and at Hert-
ford Coll., Oxf. He studied the classics to great advan-
tage under the eye of tho celebrated Drs. Barnard and
Newcome, and distinguished himself by his proficiency in
the ancient languages. This taste and erudition he re-
tained through life, as is abundantly evinced by his let-
ters to Gilbert Wakefield and his controversies with Dr.
AVarton. In his 14th year he visited the continent, and
also iu 1765 and %io, where that love of gaming was ac-
quired which proved the bane of his future life. In 17GS
he took his scat in Parliament, and entered upon that
brilliant political career which for a long term of years
gave him so commanding a position in the eyes of the
world. As it is in this capacity that Mr. P'ox is princi-
pally known, a detailed account of his life will not he
FOX
expected in a work devoted to authors and their produc-
tions. It is sufficient that we indicate the works where
fuller infoi-matinu can he had. Tlic student is therefore
referred to— 1. Hist, of the Political Life and puhlic Ser-
vices as a Senator and a Statesman of the Rt. Hon. C. J.
Fox, Lon., 178.3, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Life of R. B.
Sheridan, 1799, 8to. 3. Recollec. of the Life of C. J. F.,
by B. C. Walpole, 1806, 8vo. 4. Gent. Mas., Sept. 180(5,
pp. 88.3-886. 6. Memoirs of the Puhlic Life of C. J. F.,
by R. Fell, 1808, 4to. 6. Lord Holland's (his nephew) In-
troduc. to C. J. F.'s Hist, of the Early Piirt of the Reign
of James IL, 1808, 4to. 7. Characters of the late C. J. F.,
selected and in part written hy Philopatris Yarricensis,
1809, 8vo. This work, principally a collection of eulogies
upon Fox, is by Br. Samuel Parr. See a review of it by
the Rev. Sydney Smith, Edin. Rev., xiv. 353. 8. Memoirs
of the latter years of C. J. F., 1811, Svo. Appendix, same
year, by J. B. Trotter. This gentleman was Mr. Fox's
private secretary. 9. Sir S. E. Brydges's cd. of Collins's
Peerage, 1812. lO.Corresp. of C. J. F.wilh Gilbert Wake-
field, 1.796-1801, 1813, Svo. See end of this article.
11. Speeches in the H. of Commons, with an Introduc. hy
Lord Erskinc, 1815, 6 vols. 8vo. 12. Rees's Cyclopedia,
1819. 13. Occasional Speeches, etc., 1782-1803. 14. Article
Fox, Charles James, in Watt's Bibl. Brit., vol. iii., 1824.
15. Field's Memoirs of Parr, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 16. His
Speeches, (Modern Orator, vol. ii.,) 1847, r. Svo ; 3d ed.,
1853. 17. Select British Eloquence, by 0. A. Goodrich,
D.D., N. York, 1852, Svo. 18. Memoirs and Corresp. of
Francis Horner, 1853, 2 vols. Svo. 19. Memorials and
Corresp. of C. J. F., edited by Lord John Russell, vols, i., ii.,
iii., pub. to Dec. 1854. 20. Hist. Sketches of the most
eminent Orators and Statesmen of ancient and modern
time, N. York, 1S55, Svo. 21. Article Bl'UKE, EnjlUND, in
AUihone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature and
Eng. and Amer. Authors, Phila,, 1859, imp. Svo.
To these many other works might be added; such as
Wraxall's Memoirs, Wilbcrforce's Life, Ac, but our list is
sufficiently long for most readers. In addition to the
Speeches, Ac. already referred to, Mr. Fox is the author
of some juvenile Latin and Greek conipusitions, some
pieces in the New Foundling Hospital for Wit, an Essay
on Wind, of which 60 copies were privately printed, political
pamphlets, the 14th, 16th, and perhaps some other numbers
of the "Englishman," pub. in 1779, and a History of the
Early Part of the Reign of James II., pub. in 180S, 4to,
by his nephew. Lord Holland. This is an unfinished pro-
duction, written with great accuracy, but with such phara-
saical punctiliousness of style, that the absence of the
Jierum copia vcrhonim of Cicero is painfully felt.
" He once assured me. says Lord Holland, that he would admit
no word into his book for which he had not the authority of
Dryden.''
This remark reminds us of the elegant, the truly classi-
cal, compliment paid by Mr. Preseott to Washington Irving
in the Preface to the History of Ferdinand and Isabella.
The eloquent histori.an, who has performed his task in that
masterly manner which forbids all regret at the .selection
of his theme, remarks that had Mr. Irving persevered in
a design once entertained by him of occupying the same
ground, he should have abandoned the field,
"If not from courtesy, at le.ist from policy; for, though armed
with the weapons of Achilles, this could j^ive me no hope of suc-
cess in a competition with Achilles himself"
Had Dryden's vocabulary been at the command of the
historian of the Reign of James II., we should still have
lacked the magical charm which captivates the reader of
the Essay on Dramatic Poesy. We may truly apply to
him what he declares of Shakspeare :
*' Dryden's majric could not copied be.
Within that ciicle none durst wallc but he."
In the House of Commons, indeed, Fox could display
the force and beauties of the English tongue in a manner
which Dryden would have gladly copied; but he needed
the excitement of opposition or the stimulus of immediate
applause, and sank in the socket when there was no one to
admire his brilliancy. Dr. Parr, whoso admiration of Fox
was excessive, and who would h.avo commended the his-
tory of Tom Thumb, if recorded by the loader of the New
Whigs, is glad to have a legitimate occasion for the ex-
pression of his devout veneration.
" Nothing," says he, referring to Fox's History of James II..
" can exceed his anxious endeavour to discover the truth of facts
for himself, nor his scrupulous care to present it fairly and fullv
to his readers. In this respect, all must own he discharged his
trust with ability rarely equalled, and with fidelity never sur-
passed."
Yet the work elicited Some Observations, by the Rt. Hon.
George Rose, 1S09, 4to, which were answered in a Vindi-
021
FOX
cation of Fox's History, by Sergeant Samuel Heywood,
1811, 4to. There was also pub., in Svo, a work entitled
Remarks on Fox's History of James IL We should not
omit to state that, of the History of James, some copies were
pub. on large paper, 4to, and some of elephant folio size.
•• It was also during the early progress of piinting tlie first volume
of these [Typographical] Antiquities, at .Mr. Savage's, in Bedford-
bury, Oovent-Gardeu, that I used to see the sheets of Mr. Fox's
Historical Work hanging up in every direction through the dwell-
ing-house and adjacent yard. It will l,e naturally supposed that
five thousand copies of a quarto volume, with five' hundred more
upon a laiger paper, and yet another two hundred and fifty of an
elcphantme size, were not likely to be carried through the press
where the premises were small, without seeming to suffocate every
pas.i.age and corridor of the building. . . . [AW,.] Itwas douljtless
the boldest experiment ever made with a large paper speculation :
but it succeeded. In due course, what at first came forth as a rapid
and overboiling torrent, at a high price, subsided intoa quiet chan-
nel, and became obtainable on very moderate terms. Yet, consider-
ing the extraordinary number of copies printed, I do not consider
this book of the commonest possible occurrence. As the work of
an AUTHOR whose name can never perish, it must necessarily form
' part and parcel' of every well-ordered library. Why is it not
classed in ' rank and file' with the octavo Humes, Kocertsons, and
GlBRONS ?" — DibdiiVs RaninUcmces of a Lit. Life, vol. i., 277.
'•The topmost step [of Authorship] . . . may be considered as
the tender of the leading booksellers of the d.ay to become pur-
chasers (and of course publishers) of Mr. Fox's Historical Work
when Mr. Miller was the fortunate adventurer at the price of Four
TH0US.4ND GUI.VE.18."— itid.. Vol. i., 1S6.
The octavo size, for which Dibdin, the Bibliomaniac,
sighed, can now be obtained. Fox's History was pub. in
an oct.avo vol. by Boguo of London, in 1846, bound with
Arm.and Carrel's Revolution in England; again, 1S54. See
Cauuel, Armand.
A copy of the elephant quarto size was illustrated by the
late Mr. Gray of Harringay Park, at an expense of 36
guineas. It is bound in 2 vols. 4to. It fell into the hands
of Mr. H. G. Bohn of London, who offered it at the triflinf
price of £8 8». °
This article is already longer than we can well justify,
yet we feel unwilling to conclude without quoting a few
lines of tribute to the eloquence of this great orator. This
subject is ably treated by our learned and excellent corre-
spondent. Dr. C. A. Goodrich, in his .admirable work, already
referred to, entitled Select British Eloquence. In this
volume, which should be in every collection of any pre-
tensions, will also be found six of Mr. Fox's best speeches.
Undoubtedly Fox owed much of his success as an orator
to the most careful and elaborate cultivation of his great
natural genius. He proposed to himself, as the first object
of life, oratorical distinction ; and by gradual ascents he at
length reached the summit. We by no means rank him
with Pitt in vigour, or with Burke in fervour; but in prompt-
ness, lucidity, and fulness. Fox knew no superior.
Burke describes him exactly, in those graphic lines
which excited the bitter indignation of meddling, pompous
little Dr. Parr:
" I knew him when he was nineteen : since which time he has
risen by slow degrees to be the most brilliant and accomplished
debater the world ever saw."
This is it: he was a brilliant and accomplished debater.
He had on ordinary occasions far greater power over his
auditors than either of his great contemporaries and rivals.
He lacked the moral elevation and the commanding sway
of Pitt, but he know better how to touch the p.assions. Ho
had less philosophy than Burke, but he possessed far more
tact. In the knowledge of man he was inferior to either,
but in the knowledge of men he left both far in the rear.
Their respective influence over their auditors illustrated
our distinction. When Pitt thundered his anathemas,
they hung their heads with confusion; when Burke ex-
horted thoiu by their love of virtue and truth, they were
half persuaded to make an alliance with virtue; but when
Fox arose, full of blandishments of voice and manner,
and instructed and amused them by turns, they forgot
their terror and their repentance, and gave him their hearts
and their votes.
The discussion of the question, how far the eloquence
of Fox may properly be compared with the ancient model,
to which doubtless he laboured to conform his style, has
elicited opinions so contradictory, from two great critics,
that we may well decline to enter the lists.
"He certainly possessed, .above all moderns, that union of reason,
simplicity, and vehemence, which formed the prince of orators.
He W.1S the most Demosthenean speaker since Demosthenes." — Sui
J.\MEs Mackintosh.
But, says Lord Brougham, in reference to this dictum,—
"There never was a greater mistalte than the fancying a close
resemblance between his eloquence and that of Demosthenes.''
In reviewing these rather antagonistic opinions, Dr.
Goodrich points out ten characteristics of the oratory of
Fox which bear a striking resemblance to the well-known
FOX
FOX
peculiarities of Demosthenes, .iiij instances other points
in wbieh Ilie dissiniihirity is quite iis ohvious. The clear-
ness of iiitelleet which (H^^tiu^uished the great English
orator did not lack that prevailing influence which can
only he lent hy the warmth of the passions.
■' His feilinj;," says Coleridi^e, "■ ^Yas all intt-Uuct, and his intel-
lect was Jill feeling;."
*'I have seen his cnuntenanre," says Godwin, ''lightt-n up with
more than mortal ardour and Roodness; 1 have been preseut when
his Toit-e was suffocated with tears."
In kindliness of temper and geniality of disposition in
private life no man surpassed the indignant "Thunderer"
of the Commons of England. lie knew no animosities
outside of the lines of party entrenchments.
■ lie was."Fjiid Mr. Burke, shortly after their separation, "a man
who was made to be loved."
Dr. Franklin, a close observer of men and manners, was
most favourably impressed with the appearance of sincerity
and warmth which pervaded his whole character. In a
letter to David Hartley, dated '* Passy, 6th Sept., 17S3,"
he remarks :
•' EncluSL-d is my letter to Mr. Fox. I beg you would assure him
that my expressions of esteem for him aru not mere prutessioos.
I really tliink him b. prmt man, and I should not think so, if I did
not belii've he was at bottom, and would prove himself, ngood oue."
— Sparhs''s Works of lyanUi?!, vol. x. 1, "2.
But alas ! that period never arrived ; a great man and
an elofiuent orator Fo,x certainly was: hut to that highest
title which can be proposed to man's loftiest ambition — a
GOOD MAN — the great English statesman could lay no claim.
Two articles on Fox, by the Kt. Hon. John Hookham
Frere. will be found in the Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 37o, and
vi. 518. See, also, articles by the Rev. Sydney Smith,
in Edin. Rev., xiv. 490, and xviii. lV2i> ; and a review of
Fo.\'s Corrcsp. with Gilbert Wakefield, by the Earl i.f Dud-
ley, in Lon. Quar. Rev., ix. 313. Sec also a review of
Fox's James II.. by Lord Jeffrey, in Edin. Rev., xii. 271 ;
and a notice by Francis Horner of the French trans, of
this work, in Edin. Rev., xv. I'.IO.
We have referred to Dr. Parr's enthxisiastic admiration
for Mr. Fox. We quote an amusing exemplification :
"When I pronounced the words '^ Mr. f}>x amsc.^ ['arr would
roar out 'stop!' and, after shakinj^ the ashes out of his pipe, and
filling it afrfsh. he would add. ' Kow, you dog, do your best:
" In the course of the spt'tch, he would oftt-n interrupt me, in a
tone of triumpliaut exultation, with exclamations such as the fol-
lowing: 'Capital!'— '.);tsi/vT that, if you can. Mailer Pitt!' and at
the conclusion, '■That is iJie sperch of the orator and statesman: " —
AVw Month. Mag., Aug. 1826, where will be found many interesting
recollections of Dr. Parr.
" If I were to be asked what was the nature of Mr. Fox's elo-
quence, I should answer that it was only asking me in other words
what I understood to be the character of eloquence itself, when
applied to the transactions of British Government and Laws." —
Krskine.
Fox, C. J. Guide to Officers of Towns, Concord, New
Hamp., 1S43. 12mo.
Fox, Edmniid. Enthusiasm; a Poem, with Notes
variorum, Ac, Lon., 1758, 8vo.
Fox, Edward, d. 1533, Bishop of Hereford, and
Almoner to Henry VIII., wrote De Vera Differentia Regiie
Potestatis et Eeclesiasticie, Ac, 1534, '38, (trans, into Eng-
lish by Henry, Lord Stafford,) Annotations upon the
Mantnan Poet, and an Oration. See Riog. Brit. ; Llovd's
State Worthies: Strype's C'ranmer; Dodd's Church Hist.
Fox, Edward. Formula JMedicamentorum Selects,
Lnn.. 1777, 8vo.
Fox, Francis. Serm., Lon., 16S3, 4to.
Fox, Francis, d. 1738, Vicar of Pottern, Wiltshire,
and Preh. uf Salisbury; Vicar of St. Mary's, Readiuo-,
1726. 1. Serms., 1705, '15. '27. 2. Oaths. 1710. Svo. 3.
Duty of Public Worship, 17LS, 12mo : 4th ed., 1727. 4.
N. Testament Explained, 1722, 2 v(ds. Svo. New ed., 1742.
"In this work the references are all given, in words at full
length, under the test; so that the parallel texts may be all seen
at oue view. ... It contains also a few notes on some difficult
passages." — Ormrs Bibl. Brit.
"The editor of this useful publicatinn has given, for the most
part, all the references in the last and fidlest edition of the Uible,
together with a great number collected by himself; ami has fur-
ther added the chronology of Bishop Usher, tin- niaruiiKil render-
in<;s, and several good notes on really dillirult pus>age.s, together
with a rnpiuus index. The work is now only to be procured at a
very hii^h price." — Horyw's Bihl. Bib,
Fox, George, 1624-1G90, the founder of the Society
of Friends or Quakers, was a native of Drayton, Leices-
tershire, where his father followed Iho occupation of a
weaver. George was bound apprentice to a shoemaker
and grazier, and, whilst engaged in tending his sheep, en-
joyed those opportunities fur undisturbed meditation
which resulted in the formation of that character of solid
piety and religious zeal which eminently distinguished his
future life. In 1643 ho abandoned his occupation, and
4U
I four years later he became an itinerant preacher, re-
j buking sharply whatever he deemed worthy of repre-
hension, and often "holding forth," without invitation, to
congregations assembled for regular service. These
"breaches of the peace" led to frequent imprisonments,
involving great hardships and privations, which were
patiently submitted to by one who was always ready to
lay down his life in defence of what he believed to be the
truth. About 1(H)9 he was married to Margaret Fell, the
widow of Thomas Fell, a Welsh Judge. It will not be
expected that wo should follow him in his arduous and
unremitting efforts for the benefit of his fellow-beings.
The reader will find ample sources of information in the
works indicated below. In the course of his public minis-
trations he twice visited the continent, spent two years in
assiduous labours among the American colonies, and re-
peatedly visited different portions of Great Britain. He
died in London in 16'J0, continuing his public addresses
until within a few days of his death. A list of his separnto
publications will be found in Bibl. Brit. His writings were
published in three vols, fob, viz.: 1. Journal of his Life.
Travels, Ac, 161)4, fol.; 1709, 2 vols. Svo; 1765, fol. 2. Col-
lection of many Select and Christian Epistles, Letters, and
Testimonies written by George Fox, 1698. 3. Gospel Truth
Deumnstrated in a collection of doctrinal books given forth
by (Tcorge Fox; containing principles essential to Chria-
tianity and Salvation held among the people called Qua-
kers, 1706. A new ed. of his works has been pub. in Phila.,
8 vols. Svo. See Sewel's Hist, of the Quakers; Neal's
Puritans; Rees's Cyclopaedia; Jonah Marsh's Life of Fox,
I 1848, 12mo; Samuel M. Janney's Life of Fox, with Disser-
tations on his Views concerning the Doctrines, Testimonies,
and Discipline of the Christian Church, Phila., 1853, Svo,
Fox's .Journal is a volume of great interest, and baa
been highly commended even by those who felt little sym-
pathy for the author's religious peculiarities.
" It is one of the most extraordinary and instructive narratives
in the world; which no reader of competent jud^^ment can peruse
without revering the virtue of the writer." — Sir .James Mackintosh.
" I have read through the ponderous folio of Geotf^e Fox. Pray
how may I return it to Mr. Skewell, at Ipswich? I fear to send
such a treasure by a stage-coach; not that I am afraid of the coach-
man or the guard reading it. but it miixht be lost. Can you put
me in a way of sending it safely? The kind-hearted owner trusted
it to me for six months; I think I was about as many days in get-
ting through it, and I do not think that 1 skipped a word of it."—
Charles Lamb to Btrnard Burloti, Frb. 1SJ3.
The reader will find a brief notice of Fox's labours in
Scotland in this Dictionary, article Barclay, Bodert. We
have quoted, in the article referred to, William Penu'a
opinion of Robert Barclay, and it is but fitting that we
should record the testimonj' of the same eminent authority
to the excellence of the character of George Fox. He
mentions in terms of warm commendation his meekness,
humility, and moderation ; tells us that he was
" Civil beyond all furms of breeding ; in his behaviour very tem-
perate, eating little, and sleeping less, though a bulky person. . . .
He had an extraordinary gift in opening the Scriptures, but. above
all, excelled in prayer. The reverence and solemnity oj his address
and behaviour, and the ferventness and fulness of his words, often
struck sti'angers with admiration."
Fox, Henry. 1. New Diet, in French and Eng., Lon.,
1769, 12mo. 2. View of Univ. Mod. Hist., 476-1648, trans.
from the French of Chev. Mehegan, 1779, 3 vols. Svo.
" EIiHjueot aud animated style, and philosophical and impartial
spirit."
Fox, Henry Richard, third Lord Holland, nephew
of Charles James Fox. 1. Some Account of the Life and
Writings of Lope Felix de Vega Carpio, Lon., 1806, Svo;
2d ed., with a Life of Guillen de Castro, 1817, 2 vols. Svo.
'■This is evidently the work of a person of taste and intelligence,
not much accustomed to write with a view to publication. It is
composed in an easy conversational style, with very little of the
getting up of authorship, or the parade of literary accomplish-
ments. It is written, however, in a very pleasing and lively man-
ner, and indicates great good sense and liberality of sentiment;
although the want of pretension is sometimes carried the length
of carelessness, and the want of method is sometimes productive
of considerable embarrassment." — Lokd Jeffrey : hXUn. Bcv.. ix.
224-242.
'-It is a pleasant book, and contains a good notice of both its
subjects, and judicious ciiticisms on their works; i)ut it is quite
as interesting for the glimpses it gives of the fine accomplishments
and generous spirit of its author, who spent some time in Spain
when he was about thirty years old. and never afterwards ceased
to take an interest in its affairs and literature. . . . An excellent
abstract of it [in the play of The 8tar of Seville] in its original
state, and faithful translations of parts of it, are to be found in
Lord Ili-illand's Lite of Lope. . . . For notices of him [JovenallosJ
see. . . . Lord Holland's Life of Lope de A'ega, 1S17, Tom. II.,
where is a beautiful tribute to him, worthy of Mr. Fox's nephew."
— Ticlnor's Hist, of Spanish Lit., 2d ed.. ii. 121. 205; iii. .'504.
But whoever would understand the Life and Times of
Lope do Vega, and indeed of Spanish authors generally,
625
FOX
FOX
must consult the invaluable volumes of Mr. Ticknor him-
self. See Ticknor, George.
2. Three Cmedies from the Spanish, 1807, 8vo. And
see article Fox. Rt. Hon. CnARLES James. No. 6, and
IIoLLANn, Henry Richard Varrall. third Lord.
Fox, J, 1. Tancred ; a Tale of Ancient Times, Lon.,
1791, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Sancta Maria; a Romance. 1787.
Fox, or Foxe, John, 1517-1587, the Martyrologist.
a native of Boston, Lincolnshire, was educated at Bra-
senose Coll., Oxf., where he attiiined great distincti<m by
his extraordinary acquisitions. His love of study lie re-
tained after he had left college; fnr we are assured by his
son thnt before he was thirty years of age he had read
over all the Oreek and Latin futhers, the schoolmen, and
the proceedings of councils and consistories. He received
the degree of B.A. in 1538, and in 1543 was elected Fellow
of Magdalen Ci)llege. In 1545 he was accused of heresy,
and, boldly proclaiming his opinions to be in favour of the
Protestant Reformatiou, he was expelled from his college.
After supporting himself for some time as a tutor in the
family of Sir Thomns Lucy, of Warwickshire, and subse-
quently in the household of the Duke of Xorfnlk, he found
himself in danger from the vigilance of Gardiner, and
escaped with difficulty to the continent. He here medi-
tated his groat work — the Acts and Monuments of the
Church, or Book <>f Martyrs. The first druft of it was an
octavo volume, pub. at Strasbourg, 1554, in Latin, entitled,
Commentarii rerum in Ecclesite Gestarum, maximarum-
que per totem Europam persecutiooem a Wielavi teuipori-
bus ad banc usque setatara dcscriptarum ; in one book.
Reprinted, with 5 other bonks, at Basil, 1551). fol. On
the accession of Elizabeth he returned home, was pen-
sioned by his former pupil, now fourth Duke of Norfolk,
and through Secretary Cecil received a prebend in the
Church of Salisbury. No office in the church would have
been thought too good for him, had he been willing to
forget scruples to which he adhered with self-denying per-
tinacity. He refused to subscribe to some of the canons,
and boldly petitioned the Queen on behalf of the German
Anabaptists. He spent the rest of his days in great esteem
for his profound learning, sincere piety, and unfeigned
humility, and died, amidst the blessings of the nation, in
1587, in his 70th year. He pub. a number of theolog.
treatises, tables of Grammar, the Latin play of Do
Christo triumphante, <tc., an account of which will be
found in the authorities cited below; but he is best known
by the great work already mentioned — the Acts and Monu-
ments of these latter and perilous dayes. touching matters
of the Churehe; wherein are comprehended and described,
the great persecutions ,and horrible trouldes that have been
wrought and practised by the Romish Prelates, speoiallye
in this Realme of England and Sootlande. from the year
of our Lord 1000, unto the tyme now present. Gathered
and collected aecordyng to the true copies and wrytingcs
certificatorie, as well of the parties themselves that sutfered,
as also out of the Bishops' Registers, which were the doers
thereof, Lon.. 1563, fol. ; 1583. fol. Enlarged, 1570,
2 vols, fol.; 1570, 2 vols. fol. ; 1612, '32, '43, 3 vols, fob;
1650, 2 vols, fob; 9th ed.; 1684. 3 vcds. fol
Respecting the new editions of this valuable work, we
can give nothing more to the purpose than the following
extract from a letter before us, written by an eminent
bibliographer, who, having instructed our grandfathers in
his youth, continues in his advanced age to enlighten their
descendants with the results of his pains-taking researches.
It woubl indeed be difficult to estimate the value of this
gentleman's thirty-five years' service in the British Museum.
"A new edition, superintended by the Rev. S. A. Ciittley. M.A.,
was published at London. 1836-41, in 8 vols. 8vo; to which was
pretixed a Life of Foxe, including a vindication of his work from
the attacks of Romanists, by the Rev. George Townsend, D.D.. of
Durham. This edition having been severely criticised, (and not
witliout rea.son.) a carefully-revised and considerably-iniproved
edition was published between the years 1846 and 1849. But the
bfM edition of Foxe's Acts and Monuments will be found in tlie
Reformation Series of the Ecclesiastical Historians of England,
pulihslied at London, also in S vols. 8vo. in 1853 and following
years. The editors (the Rev. R. R. Mendhani. M.A., and Josiali
Pratt, .Tun.. M.A.) have most carefully corrected the wlinle work,
and have verified the documents consulted by Foxe. This edition
is beautifully and accurately printed, and is enriched with a
valuable AppL'ndix of Documents. Dr. Towosend's Life and Vindi-
cation of Fo.ve are retained, with some corrections." — ThoMas
Eartivll Ilorup, D.D., tu S. Austin AUiboiu^ British Museum. Lon-
don, ApHl 25, 1856.
All the other so-called Foxe's Book of Martyrs, edited
respectively by Milner, Buckley. Pratt, Clarke, Cobbin,
Cumming, Kennedy. Seymour, Mrs. Touna, or any one
else, are merely abridgments, — of more or less value. The
first abridgment, by Rev. Timothy Bright, M.D., (?.r.,)
pub. in 1581, and again in 1589, 4to, is now a rare
book, but is little valued. We have already referred
under the appropriate head to the Rev. Dr. Thomas
B'-sy's M.irtyrology, or Papal Usurpation and Persecu-
tion, 1712, fob, intended as a supplement to the Acts and
Monuments.
The Acts and Monuments received the approbation of
the first three Archbishops of the Reformecl Church of
England, viz.: Parker, Grindal. (Avho assisted Fox in the
work,) and Whitgift. It was ordered to be set up in every
one of the parish churches in England, as well as in the
common halls of archbishops, bishops, deans, archdeacons,
and heads of colleges; and its influence in keeping alive
the Prntestant feeling in Great Britain and North America
is tno well known to be disputed.
Without entering at large into the merits of the work,
it certainly would appear that, as regards conscientiousness
of performance and adherence to records, the faithfulness
of the Book of Martyrs cannot intelligently be questioned.
For the same reason — abundant testimony — that we be-
lieve Sir Thomas More, the Roman Catholic Chancellor,
to have been one of the best of men, do we believe John
Fo.\, the Protestant chronicler, to have been one of the
most veracious of historians. As regards the credit accru-
ing to their respective communions from the adherence of
these two great men, it is to l)e reuieuibered that More
simply retained the bias of cducatiim and habit, whilst
Fox bad to overcome both of these before he could be a
Protest-ant. Both were honest as the sun ; and had Sir
Thomas More pre.sented us with Roman Catholic Acts and
Monuments as well attested as those of John Fox, we
should have considered them entitled to equal credence.
It has been confidently declared that
"All the popish writers from Ilarpslield to Milner have not
proved, and it never will be proved, that John Fox is not one of
the most faithful aud authentic of all historians."
The testimony of the two eminent authorities subjoined
must have great weight with those who can appreciate the
value of evidence:
".Mr. Fox must not go without the commendation of a most
paiuful Searcher into records, archives, and repositories of ori;^inal
acts and letters of state, and a givat collector of MSS. All the
world is intinitoly beholden io him for abundance of extracts
thence communicated to us in his volumes. And as he hath
been found most dilij^ent, so most strictly true and faithful in his
transcriptions." — Strype: Annah of the Ifeformaiion.
"Mr. Fox hath very dilijjeutly and faithfully laboured in this
matter, [of Archbishops and Metropolil.ins.] and searched out the
truth of it as learnedly as I knowe any man to have done," — •
Ap.cuBisfiop Whitgift, aft^^r he " had read over his Acts and Monu-
ments from the one end to the other." See Defence of the Answer
to the Admonition, p. 33;J.
The great Camden thus refers to the Martyrologist and
his work :
" Ex eruditorum numero obiit .Tohannes Foxu.s Oxoniensis. qui
EeclesiastiL'ani Angli:e l^i-^toriam sive Martyrologiam indefesso
veri talis studio, primum latine postea angliceauctius, magna cum
laude contexuit." — Annaks Elizahrt/i, p. 558, edit. 8vo.
Bishop Burnet, a most pains-taking searcher into origi-
nal papers, thus sets his seal to Fox's conscientiousness as
a historian ;
'* Having compared these Acts and Monuments with the records,
I have never been able to discover any errors or prevarications in
them, but the utmost fidelity and exactness." — Prff. to Hist, of
the Ef'fnrmatiini.
But faithfulness in a historban is one thing; infallibility
is quite another thing; and we doubt not at all that, as
Wood and Collier among Protestants, and many Roman
Catholic eomiucntators, affirm, Fox has, without any inten-
tion to deceive, admitted exaggerations, and even some-
times fictions, which diminish the value, whilst they add
to the bulk, of a book of great learning, research, and his-
torical as well as theological value.
But for critics, who lived long after the historian and
the historian's opportunities, to pretend to know the con-
tents of records which they never saw, is a little more than
absurd : it is foolish and impertinent, and places the
offender beyond the lines of polite and intelligent contro-
versy. Undoubtedly John Fox was not an infallible chro-
nicler nor a perfect man ; and if any modern Quixote seek
for a religionist without zeal, an advocate without parti-
alities, a partisan without prejudice, and a man without
passions, be must needs go altogether out of the world for
his Phceni.^.
It is much to be said of any man, in the absence of all
perfection, which is recorded by Fuller of our historian:
".\Uhoui;h the riehest mitre iu England would have counted
itself preferred by beiu!:^ placed upon his ht-ad. he cont+'Ofni him-
self with a prebend of Salisbury. How learnedly be wrote, how
con.stautly he preached, how piously he lived, and how cheerfully
he dii'd, may bo seen at large in the lite pretixed to his book." —
Church History.
FOX
FRA
To this life, written by hi? son, nnri to the authorities
guhjoincd below, we refer the curious reaih r who wishes
to ?ee a specimen of that which has been written for and
against the famous Martyrologist:
'•Several of Fox's other works — his Treatise nn Justification,
and tbe Sermons on Christ Crucified, and on Christ Triumphant
— aie excellent." — Birhfr^teth'x C. .9.
Nor should we omit to acknowledge the pious zeal of
Fox in collecting the Works, appending thereto the Lives,
of William Tyudale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes. 1573,
fol. He tells us that he collected them that they might
"Remain as perpetual samples — shyninj: in the church of Christ
— to peeve liirht to all posteritie.'' — See Barnes. Robert,
See Ptrype's Annals and Lives of the Archbishops, pns-
»!m ; Bale; Fuller's Worthies, and his Church Hist. ; Athen.
Oxon. : Fox's MSS., Collec. in Horleian MSS. in Brit. Mus. ;
Biog. Brit. ; Fuller's Abel Redivivus: Churton's Life of No-
well ; Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog., Preface, Ac.; Collier's Eccl.
Hist.: Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Fox, John. I. Agrieult. of M-mmouth, Brentf., 1794,
4to. 2. Agrii'ult. of (Jlamorgan, Lon., 1796, 4to.
Fox, Joseph. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Fox, Joseph. Parish Clerk's Vade Mecum, 177S,
12mo.
Fox, Joseph, of Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, pub. a num-
ber of profess. an<l educational and thcolog. works. The
following is still in estimation: Nat. Hist, and Diseases
of the Human Teeth, Lon., 180.3-06, 4to. Of this work
there have been three English eds. Also pub. in N. York
and Phila. Remodelled, with an Introduct., and nearly
two-thirds of addit. matter, by Chapin A. Harris, M.D.,
Prof, in Baltimore Coll. of Dent. Surgeons. With 30
plates. Phila., sup.-roy. 8vo,
"A work which we think e%"ery dental studont. and especially
practitioner, should possess. The plates alone are worth the price
of the book, [$o.]" — Amr:r. Jour, of Dental Science.
Fox, Joseph Bolton. Lectures on Modern Socini-
anism, 1824, 12mo.
"The productions of a mind imhued with piety, and distin-
guished by just views of Evangelical truth."— Lon. Evangdical
Mug.
Fox, or Foxe, Luke. Northwest Fox, or Fox from
the Northwest Passage, By Captain Lvke Foxe, of King-
Etone-vpon-HulI, Lon.. 1635. 4to.
*'This treatise contains many important facts and judicious ob-
servations on the ii-e. the tides, compass, northern lights, Ac." —
LoumdiS's Bill. Man.
Fox, M. C, and B. C Smith. Reports of Cases in
Ct. of K. B. and Ct. of Error, 1822-24, Dubl., 1825. Svo.
Fox, Margaret, wife of George Fox, the founder of
the Quakers. Passages rel. to her Birth, Life, Ac., with
sundry of her Epistles, <fec.. Lon., 1710, Svo. See Jan-
ney's Life of George Fox, Phila., Svo.
Fox, Richard, d. 1528, a native of Grantham, Lin-
colnshire, educated at Magdalen Coll., Oxf., was made
Bishop of Durham by Henry VII. He was subsequently
translated to Winchester. He founded Corpus Christi
Coll., Oxf., with two Lectures for Greek and Latin, and
several free schools. 1. The Contemplncyon of Synners,
Lon,, 1499, 4to. 2, Letter to Cardinal Wofsey- See Chal-
mers's Hist, of Oxf.; Life in Biog. Brit.; Life by Gough
in the Vetusta Monumenta : Wood's Colleges and Halls;
Athen. Oxon.; Jortin's Erasmus; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Fox, Samnel. Monks and Monasteries, being an ac-
count of English Monachism, Lon., 1845, sm. Svo. Other
works.
Fox, W. J., M.P., b. 1786, near Wrentham, Suffolk,
formerly a Unitarian preacher, is well known as a pro-
minent member of the extreme liberal party. In 1847
and 1852 he was elected M.P. for Oldham. As a periodi-
cal-writer he has been connected with the Westminster
Review, for which he wrote the first article of the first
number, and other papers; the Monthly Repository, and
the Weekly Dispatch newspaper. 1. Letter to Rev. J. P.
Smith, D.D., 18!:i. Svo, 2. Funl. Serm, on T. P. Powell,
M,D., 1816. .3. The Life and Literary Remains of Charles
Rcece Pemberton. Edited by John Fuwler, 1843, Svo.
4, Lectures to the Working Classes, Vols, i.-iii., 1845-49 ;
Vol. iv.. 1851, 12mo. 5. On the Religious Ideas, 1849, Svo.
New ed., 1851, 12mo.
Fox, VVm. 1. Exam, of Paine's Writings, Lon., 1793,
Svo. 2. Remarks on Agrieult. Reports made in 1794, Lon.,
179S, 4to.
"The author has selected well and observed very acutely." —
Donaldson'' s Agrieult. Biog.
Mr. Fox also pub. several polit. and thcolog. works,
1793-1813.
Fox, Wm. A Treatise on Simple Contracts, and the
Action of Assumpsit, Lon., 1842, 12iiio.
'■An admirable outline of the Law of Contracts, containing much
infoi-matinn in a condensed form." — 6 Jurist, \&1 ; 24 Leg. Obs.,
102: Marrin'^ I^g. Bib.. 322.
Fox, Wm., Jr. La Bagatelle; or. Delineations of
Home Scenery: a Descriptive Ptieni, 1801. Svo.
Foxcrafti Alex, Lett, to W. Davidson, 1803. Svo.
Foxcroff , John. The Gond of good Gov't and a well-
founded Peace, opened in a Serm., Lon., 1045, 4to.
Foxcroft, John. Serms.,Ifi95, '97, Svo, 12mo.and4to.
Foxcroft, Thomas, d. 17<19, aged 72. a Concrega-
tional niini.^tcr in Boston, Mass., graduated at Harviird
Coll. in 1714. He pub. a number of serms., &c., 17I>*-r-0,
for a list of which see Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; Chand-
ler's Life of Johnson.
" His writin-rs evince a clearness of perception, cnpipusness of
invcnfii'n. livt'liuess of imagination, and soundness of judgment."
Foxell, John. 1. Serm. on Lord Nelson, 1S06.
Foxle, George. Groans of the Spirit in the Trial
of the Truth of Prayer, Lon., 1639. Svo.
Foxley, Thomas. Serm., 1756, Svo.
Foxon, Wm. A Brief Discovery rel. to the Infinite
Being and Reigning of God in Mankind.
Foxton, Rev. Frederick J,, perpetual Curate of
Stoke, Prior, and Docklow. Herefordshire. Popular Chris-
tianity, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
'• His book appears to us to contain many just and profound
views of the reli^'ioas character of the present age. and its indica-
tions of propiress." — Z>m. Piosprrtiff Kfv., Km\ 1849.
Foxton, Thomas, Moral Songs for Children, 1728.
P'oxwell, W. Primitive State of Adam, 1807,
Foye, Kcv. M, W. Early Iri.-h Church, 2d ed.. Lon.,
18-f5, 12mo. New ed.. 1S5I. 2. Romish Rites, offices and
legends. This forms Gibson's Preservative, Suppl. 7; 2d
ed., 1S51. p. Svo.
Foyster, J. G. Serras., Lon., lS2(i, Svo.
Franipton, Algjernon, M.D. Robert Thomas's Mo-
dern Practice of Physic. 11th ed.. Lon., 1853, 2 vols. Svo.
Frampton, John. 1. Joyfull Newes out of the new
founde Worhle, Lon., 1577, '80, '9ti, 4to. From the Span-
ish of Monardi. 3d ed., printed with No. 4, 2, Ports,
Creekes, Bayes, and Hauens of the W. Indies, from the
Castill tongue, 1578, 4to. 3. Trans, of the Travels of
Marco Polo, 1579, 4to. 4. The Bezoar Stone, Ac. 15S0,
4to. Printed with No. 1. 5. Arte of Navigation, from
the Spanish of P. de Medina. 15S1, fol.; 1595. 4to.
Frampton, Matthew, LL.D, Serms., 1769, '76, 4to.
Frampton, Th. Serm., 1712, Svo.
Framton, G. Election for Dorset, 1S07. Svo.
Franchorc, Gabriel, b. 17S(),at Montreal. Travels
in Oregon; 1st ed. in French, 1819-20. English trans.,
N. York. 1854.
FranciUon, F. Essay on Punctuation, Lon., 1842,
fp. Svo.
"A treatise which we can safely recommend. . . . The work also
bears evident marks of considerable learning.'' — Oxf. Univ. Herald.
See Day, Wm. ; Wjlson, John.
FranciUon, John. Of a Scarabasus, 1795, 4to.
Francis. 10 Semis.. 1771, I2uio.
Francis, Anne, d. ISnO. an English lady. 1. A Po-
etical Trans, of the Song of Solomon, from the original
Hebrew, Lon., 1781, 4to.
"The versification is smooth and lively. The plan of the poem
is constructed on the principles of Ilarmer's Outline, to whom,
and to Parkhurst. she is indebted for many of her notes and illus-
trations."— Orme's Bihl. Bih.
" Her version is eleprantly executed." — Home's Bihl. Bn't.
2. Obsequies of Demetrius Poliorcetes; a Poem. 17S5,
4to. .3. Charlotte to Werter, 178S, 4to. 4. Miscell. Poems,
1790, 12mo.
F'rancis, B, 1. Elegy, Lon., 1771, 4to. 2. Poem,
1786, Svo.
Francis, C, of Wath. Serm,, 1788, Svo.
Francis, Charles. Union with Ch, of Eng., 1S07, 4to.
Francis, Convers. 1. Life of John Eliot in Sparks's
Amer. Biog., 1st Series, v. 1. 2. Life of Sebastian Rale,
in 2d Series, vii. 157.
Francis, Eliza S« Sir Willibert de Waverley, or the
Bridal Eve; a Puem, Lon., 1815. Svo.
Francis, F. lutroduc. to Geography, Lon., 1812.
Francis, F, J, Two Lectures on Physical and Fos-
sil Geology. Lon.. 1S.*J9, p. Svo.
"The Lectures are carefully corrected, clearly written, and will
prove a vahial'le addition to the existing elementary works on one
of the most interestinfj and important of the physical sciences." —
Lon. fiTew Mfmihly Mag.
2. Orig. Designs for Churches and Chapels, 1841, imp.
4to.
Francis, George Hy. 1. The Duke of Wellington's
Maxims and Opinions, Lon., 1845, Svo.
'■ It is the most compendious, the most agreeable, and. all things
consideri'd. the best. b< ok that has been published respecUng tbe
Duke of \\ ellinytou." — Luit. Tiinns.
FRA
2. Orators of the Age, 1847, p. 8vo.
"No man livini; has had such admirable opportunities of oh-
serTiDg our rarliamentary orators, or has evinced so much fitness
for the very delicate task of treating each man after his deserts.
y,'e commend the volume to general attention for its truthfulness,
its exceeding good taste, and its very pleasant style."— i'm. Pic-
ioi-ial Ttmfs.
3. Critical Biographies : B. Disraeli ; the late Sir Ro-
bert Peel, 1852, 12iuo; Lord Brougham, 1853, 12mo.
Opinions anil Policy of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Palmer-
Etou. with Memoir, 1852, 8vo.
" This work ought to have a place in every political library. It
gives a complete view of the sentiments and opinions by which
the policy of Lord Palmerston has been dictated as a diplomatist
and statesman."
Francis, Henry. Serm., Lon., 1723, 8vo.
Francis, J. G. Notes from a Journal kept in Italy
and Sicily, 1844-46, with S Illust., Lon., 1847, 8vo
"He [Mr Francis] is an active and enterprising traveller. He
has a good taste in art. a keen relish for the beauties of nature, a
knowledge of history, acquired by reflecting as well as reading, an
observing eye for mankind, and, what is more, a sympathy with
them."— inn. Speclalor.
Francis, J. T., M.D. Change of Climate considered
as a Remedy in Dyspeptic, Pulmonary, and other Chronic
Affections, Lon., 1S55, p. 8vo.
" Proceeds from the pen of a well-informed practitioner and an
accomplished gentleman, well acquainted with the subject upon
which he treats."— imi. Lancet. „ , ^. , „
'•.\ very meritorious production." — Lon, Med. Times and Ooj.
Francis, John, LL.D., minister of St. John's, Nor-
wich. Serin., 1746, 4to.
Francis, John, Vicar of Lekeham. 1. Serms., 1764,
'66 '67, '70. 2. Reflections on David, 1765, 8vo.
Francis, John, LL.D., Rector of Morley, Suffolk.
Serins., 1773, 2 vols. 12mo.
Francis, John. 1. Hist, of the Bk. of England, Lon.,
1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 3d ed.. 1848. 2. Chronicles and Cha-
racters of the London Stock Exchange, 1S49, 8vo.
'■ All the great operations that have taken place relating to the
funds, lotteries, loans, bribes, speculative manias, and panics, are
faithfully delineated; and Mr. Francis has brought together such
a variety of interesting anecdotes and historical facts as were never
before collected." — Lnn. Banh-ers Afng.
" A volume at once the most Interesting and the most terrible
in modern Knglish literature."- ruiCs Ulin. Mig.
•' No romance whatever has yet been constructed from materials
of deeper interest."— S/actwcO'i's Mag.
3. Hist, nf the English Railway, 1820-45, 1S51, 2 vols.
8vo. 4. Annals, Anecdotes, and Legends of Life Assurance,
1853, p. 8vo.
Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., one of the most dis-
tinguislied of American physicians and men of letters, b,
FRA
of the science and erudition of their race. The ardent
thirst for knowledge, tho acuteness of perception, and
breadth of comprehension, which distinguished the young
American, did not escape the notice nor fail to elicit the
approbation of his distinguished European friends.
»■ A mind more ardent in the pursuit of useful knowledge,
writes the late Patrick Colquhoun, '• perhaps never existed; and
I have no doubt he will, in a few years, st;ind at the head of his
profession." See Life of Eddy, by S. L. Knapp.
Upon the return of the young traveller to New York, ho
was ,appointed Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in
the College of Physicians and Surgeons ; and, on the death
of Dr. Stringh.am in 1817, succeeded that gentleman in the
department of Medical Jurisprudence. Two years later
he became Professor of Obstetrics, in addition to his former
duties, and held this appointment until 1S26, when he re-
signed at the same time with his colleagues, Drs. Hosack,
Mott, McNevin, and Mitchill.
A majority of the professors who had resigned from the
College of Physicians and Surgeons organized a new in-
BtitutTon under the name of Rutgers Jledical College, and
its success was so great that at the end of four terms the
Legislature closed the doors of the last-named institution.
In the Rutgers Medical College Dr. Francis was chosen
Professor of Obstetrics and Forensic Medicine, and his
classes were crowded with students from different parts of
the republic, attracted by his great and growing reputa-
tion. For other particulars connected with the life of this
eminent physician, useful citizen, and public benefactor
in many senses, we must refer the reader to the source to
which we are indebted for tho facts above stated. — the bio-
graphy of Dr. Francis in the National Portrait-Gallery of
Distinguished Americans, vol. iv., Phila., 1S53, 8vo. See
also New England Magazine, vol. vii. ; Griswold's Prose
Writers of America; Men of the Time, N. York, 1852; a
review of Dr. Francis's literary works in the Southern
Quarterly Review, xix. 226 ; and Knickerbocker Magazine,
Aug. ISoS, for a sketch of Dr. Francis, with a steel portrait.
We annex a list of Dr. Francis's writings ;
1. An Inaugural Dissertation on Memory, N.Y., 1811,
8vo, pp. 56. 2. Cases of Morbid Anatomy, 1814, 4to, pp.
36. 3. Letter on Febrilo Contagion, 1816, 8vo, pp. 24.
4. Notice of Thos. Eddy, the Philanthropist, 1823. 12mo,
pp. 10. 5. Dr. T. Deuman's Prac. of Midwifery, with
Notes, Ac, 1825, Svo. 6. Aildress before the N.Y. Horti-
cult. Society, 1S3U, 8vo, pp. 34. 7. Address before the
Philoxian Society, 1831, Svo, pp. 43. 8. Letter on Cholera
Asphyxia of 1832, Svo, 1832, pp. 35. 9. Observations on
the Mineral Waters of Avon, 1834, 8vo, pp. 36. 10. Dis-
course before the N.Y. Lyceum of Natural History, 1841,
1789, in the city of New York, is the son of Melchior ] g^j,^ pp, 93. n. Discourse before the N.Y. Academy of
Francis, a native of Germany, who settled in America
about 1784. The subject of this memoir enjoyed as a
youth the learned preceptorship of George Strebeck and i
John Conroy, distinguished for their attainments in the
classical and mathematical departments. In 1809 he gra-
duated at Columbia College, from which in 1812 he re-
ceived the degree of Master of Arts. In 1807, whilst still
an uuder-griuluate, he commenced the study of medicine
under the eye of tho celebrated Dr. Hosack, and gained
the warm approbation of his discriminating tutor by his
assiduous devotion to the object of his pursuit.
" During the period of his professional studies for four collegiate
years, he never absented himself from a single lecture, nor attended
one without making notes or abstracts on the subject taught by
the lecturer."
What an example is this to the students of the present
day, and how great has been the reward, in large stores of
professional erudition, in public esteem, and national repu-
tation, of the hours thus devoted to the acquisition of use-
ful knowledge !
In 1811 tho laborious student received from the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of N. York, organized in 1807,
the degree of M.D. ; and, a few months later, received from
his old preceptor. Dr. Hosack, the offer of a co-partnership
in business. This flattering offer was indeed the highest
compliment that coubl be paid to the talents and acquire-
ments of the young physician, and was of course accepted.
The connection thus formed lasted until 1S20. In 1813
Dr. Francis was appointed lecturer on the Institutes of
Medicine and Materia Mcdica in the College of Physicians
and Surgeons of New York, and laboured with great zeal
in the discharge of his arduous duties. Anxious to trans-
plant to his native soil whatever was valuable in the re-
nowned medical schools of Europe, he left homo for a tour
in Scotliind, Ireland, Holland, and France, and derived
profitable themes of meditation and practice from the
friendly converse of the celebrated Gregory, Jainiesnn,
McCartney, Denon, Gall, Cuvier, and other lienefaetors
626
Medicine, 1847, Svo, pp. 112. 12. Inaugural Address he-
fore the N.Y. Academy of Medicine, 1848, Svo, pp. 23.
13. Address before the N.Y. Acad, of Med. on the Election
of Prof Mott, 1849, Svo, pp. 8. 14. Address before the
Typographical Society of N.Y". on Dr. Franklin, 1850,
Svo. 15. Before do. on the Publishers, Printers, and
Editors of N.Y'. In International Mag., edited by Dr.
Griswold, 1851. 16. Old New York; or, Reminiscences
of the Past Sixty Years, N.Y., 1857, Svo ; 2d ed., enlarged,
1858, 12mo.
"Dr. Francis writes as he might bare told the story in suc-
cessive sittings, bound by no prearranged order, but letting each
name or topic suggest that which succeeds. The style is collo-
quial.—by which we do not mean slipslinrt. but unartiticial,— tlie
style in vvliich one may talk who adds to tho fluent speech that is
the gift .and grace of nature the culture of a scholar and a gentle-
man."— A. P. Pe.vbody, D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., July, IS08.
Also reviewed in Lon. Athen., July 10, 1858, No, 1602.
17. Numerous biographical articles in divers works,
medical papers in different journals, Ac. 18. The Ame-
rican Medical and Philosophical Register, ISll. "12, '13,
'14, Svo : edited by David Hosack, M.D., and Prof. John
W.' Francis, M.D." 19. The N.Y. Medical and Physical
Journal, 1822, '23, '24, Svo: edited by John W. Francis,
M.D., Jiihn B. Beck. M.D., Jacob Dyckman, M.D.
" For forty years he has been engaged in the most active exer-
cise or professional duties in his native city. But amid the inces-
smt avocations of a large practice. Dr. Fr.ancis has found time to
manifest his interest in, and genius for, the liberal studies. In a
series of atile discourses delivered before various literary and scien-
tific liodies, he has illustrated the value and charms of horticul-
ture, the fine arts, American biography, history, and science. lie
is identified with the city of .New York more prominently than any
individual in the same professional sphere. He is always consulted
in questiiais of local and personal interest, and his cooperation is
deemed essential on occasions of municipal festivity, literary ana
scientific anniversaries, and charitable enterprises."— J/en itf t''«
Tim.: N. Yi.rk. 1S52, P2mo. . v 1 .
■■ I n his social character Dr. Francis represents an almost obsolets
class. He is emphatically a New Yorker in his feelings and assiv
ciations. The frauk hospitality of tho early colonists is combined
around his fireside with the discursive intercourse of the savant
FRA
FRA
and the patriotic sentiment of the citizen. In American history
anJ lii(itjia[thy he is an oracle, and has beon an efficient member
of all th-' iii-stttiitions originated to advance the interests of litera-
ture an'I s.ii'iicf in his native city. Witli enlarged benevolence,
auiind nnwi'iuieil in inquiry, constant association witli men and
books, and an ardent love of knowledge as well as friend>lii|) for
its promoters, Dr. Francis tinds time, even amidst the unceasing
claims of an extensive practice, thus to identify his name with the
progress of the age and the literature of his country." — JS'ational
Jhrlrait-G^tUeri/ uf DLtinguished Aimricans, vol. iv., 1S53, 8vo.
Francis, Philip. The Mistiemeanours of a Traytor
and Treasurer discovered; an answer to C. Vaughan,
1644. 4tu.
Francis, Philip, d. 1773, son of the Rector of St.
Marv't^. L>iihlin, resided fur many years and died in Eng-
land. 1. A Poet, trans, of the books of Horace, first pub.
probably about 1743; 8th ed., 177S, 4 vols. Svo.
''The lyrical part of Horace never can be properly translated;
go much of the excellence is in the numV-ei-s and the expression.
Francis has dnne it the best: 111 take his, five out of six, against
them all." — Dr. Samuel Johxsox.
2. Eugenia; a Trag., Lon., 1752, Svo, 3. Constantine; a
Trag.. 1753, Svo.
"As a diamatic writer Dr. Francis was not very successful;
having written only two pieces.which were both coldly received."
— Bif>g. Drattutt.
4. Trans, of the Orations of Demosthenes, 1753-55, 2
vols. 4to.
" Applauded as a difficult work well executed and acceptable to
every friend of genius and literature; but its success was by no
means correspondent to the wishes of the author or his friends."
Dr. Francis was at one time supposed to be the author
of the Letters of Junius: see Junius.
Pee Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies; Boswell's
Johnson ; Chalmers's Eiog. Diet.
Francis, Sir Philip, 1740-1818, son of the preced-
ing, was a native of Dublin, and educated under the eve
of his father, and at St. Paul's School, London. After
visiting Portugal in 1760, in company with Lord Kinnnul,
the B^ili^h Envoy, and holding a clerkship in the War
Office, which he resigned in 1772, he went in 1774 to India,
where he became a member of the council of Bengal.
Brought into contact with that disgrace to the British
name — that man of violence and blund — Warren Hastings,
Francis opposed his measures, and a controversy ensued
which resulted in a duel, in which the latter was wounded.
He returned to England in 17SI, was chosen M. P. for
Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, in 17S4, received the order of the
Bath in 18(16, and died in 1818. He pub. a number of
political Speeches, Remarks on the defence of Warren
Hastings, Letters ou the E. India Company, Reflections
on the Currency, Ac., 1784—1814. These were but of tem-
porary interest, and are now forgotten; but the name of
Sir Philip Francis will always occupy .a prominent place
among literary men, in consequence of the persuasion en-
tertained by many that he was the author of the famous
Letters of Junius. But this is by no means a settled
point, and we think that the claims put forward on behalf
of Sir Philip Francis are now less readily allowed than
tbcy were some twelve or fifteen years past. We do not.
however, by this rem.ark intend to express any opinion of
our own upon the subject. We shall best discharge our
duty by indicating to the reader the ?t)nrces of informatiou
upon tliis famous controversy. See Junius.
Francis, Richard. Maxims of Equity, 1729. '39,
'46. Amer. ed., by W. W. Hening, Richmond, 1823, Svo.
Francis, Sophia L. Novels, Ac, 1803-09.
Francis, W, Farmer's Assist, in computing the
value of Land, 1808, 12mo: Franciscus a Sancta Clara.
See Davescort, CunisTOpnER.
Franck, Richard. 1. Rabbi Mons; or a Philos.
Treat, on tlic Origin of Things. Written in America. Lon.,
IGS7, 8vo. 2. Northern Memoirs, &e., with the Contem-
plative and Practical Angler. Writ in 1658, 1694, Svo.
New ed., with Preface and Notes by Sir Walter Scott,
1821. Svo.
Sir Walter Scott humorously signs the preface as one
who is
"No fisher.
But a well-wisher
To the game.''
*' Franck's conte.sts with the salmon are painted to the life, and
his directions to anglei-s in that noble branch of the art. whit-h ex-
ceeds all otber uses of the anglinj^^-rod as much as fox-huntin;;
exceeds hare-hunting, arc generally given with great judgment."
— Editor.
See Retrosp. Rev., and Censura Literaria, 1S23, Svo,
270-294, ISlo; iv. 270-272.
Francklin. Two Discourses, Lon., 1683, 4to.
FrauckHn,(<racious. Answer to Freeman, 164R, 4to.
Francklin, R. Tractatus de Tonis in Lingua Gncca,
Lon., 1630. '50. '73, Svo; 1633. 12mo. Repub., with ad-
dit?. In- Ricb:ird-on, 1717, 12mo.
Francklin, Thomas, D.D. An Epistle written from
Lucifer unto die persecuting Popish Prelates. 1642, 4to.
Francklin, Thomas, I721-17S4, Greek Prof, at Cam-
bridge, 1730, ]ircferred to Ihu livings of AVare and of
Thundrich, 1757, and to that of Braste-i in 1776. He pub.,
separately, trans, from Phalaris, Cicero, Si)pbocles, and
Lucian, 1740-Sl. Of this last author, an eminent autho-
rity retuarks :
'"•There is a vein of ease and pleasantry in the works of Lucian
which I have always thought inimitable, nor do! know any au-
thor, ancient or modern, that in this respect can enter into com-
petition with him." — Li^bp Lyttelton.
He also wrote some plays, serms., Ac. ; and 4 vols, of
his scrms. were pub. after his death, viz., in 1790.
"In his sermons. aUhouj;h they have not nuich pretension to
original genius, there is an order and perspicuily in the arrange-
ment of the matter, with an elegance and propriety in the laa-
guage, characteristically free from all affectation, which dws great
honour to the Doctor's abilities." — Lon. Ci-itical Rev. See Biog.
Dramat.
Francklin, Capt. Wm. 1. Observ. made on a Tour
from Bengal to Persia in 1786-87, Lon., 1790, Svo.
'• The most original and valuable portion of this work relates to
Persia, especially the provinc-e of Faristan ; it conhiins also much
informatinn respecting Ooa, Bombay, &c. M. Langles translated
it into French, and added a learned memoir on Persepolis." —
StevpiK'Hi's Celt, iif Voij-iges and Travels.
2. The Lives of Comarupa and Caraalata : from the Per-
sian, 1793, Svo. 3. Hist, of the Reign of Shah-Aulum,
1798, 4to. 4. Plain of Troy, 1800, 4to. 5. Memoirs of
George Thomas, Calcut-, 1803, 4to ; Lon., 1805, Svo. Con-
tains some interesting particulars respecting the interior
of India, fi. Tracts on Ava. itc, 1810. Svo.
Francklvn, Gilbert. Works ou the Slave Trade and
on politics. 1789-^15.
Francklyn, Rev, Thomas. Advice. <tc., 1766, Svo.
Franco, R. Solomon, Truth springing out of the
Earth, lOtW, 4to; 1070, fol. Refers to Christ.
Frank, John. Serm., Lon.. 1756, Svo.
Frank, Joseph, Editor of The Office of Bailiff of a
Liberty. Frnm the MS. of J. Ritson. 1811, Svo.
Frank, Mark, 1613-1604. Archdeacon of St. Alban'a,
1660; Master of Pembroke Hall, Camb., 1662; Rector of
Barley, 1663. 1. 51 Serms.. Lon.. 1672. fob; O.xf., 1849,
2 vols. Svo. 2. Epitome of Divinity, 1665. In verse.
Frank, Thomas. Letter, Lon., 1732, Svo.
Frunkland,Mrs. Leavesof Poesy, Lon., 1838, fp. Svo.
Frankland, 1$. Outlines of Literary Culture, Lon.,
185.3, 12mo.
Frankland, Capt. Charles Colville. 1. Visits to
Courts of Russia and Sweden, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. 2. Travels
to and from ConstautiuopUj 1829, 2 vols. Svo.
" His volumes teem with interest and instruction." — Zon. Sun.
Frankland, Rev. Thomas, 1633-1690, a physician
and historian, was educated at and Fellow of Brasenose
Coll., Oxf. 1. The Honours of the Lords Spiritu.al asserted,
Lon., 1679, fol. ; Anon., but ascribed to him. 2. Original
of Kingly and Eccles. Govt., 16S1, Svo. 3. The Annals of
K. James I. and King Charles I., IGSI, fol.
*'A faithful and impartial account of th^ great affairs of State,
Parliaments, ic. with many proclamations, addresses, and other
official docum-'Uts.''
Frankland, Sir Thomas, Bart. Cautions to Young
Sportsmen. L(m., ISOO, Svo.
Frankland, Wm. Speech rel. to Criminal Law,
ISll, Svo.
Franklin. See Fkancklin.
Franklin. Farewell to the World, with his Christian
Contrition in Prison before his Death ; broad sheet. Frank-
lin was executed in 1615 for poisoning Sir Thomas Over-
bury.
Franklin. Parables of our Lord illustrated by 12
engravings, fnl.
'•^Vorthy fif all commendation." — Lmi. Art Jouryial.
Franklin, Andrew, Farces, Comedies, &c., 1792-
1804. See Biog. Dramat.
Franklin, Benjamin, LL.D.. January 17th. 1706-
April 17th, 1790, one of the most distinguished of modern
philosophers, was a native of Boston, Massachusetts, where
his father, Josiah Franklin, an emigrant from England,
carried on the business of a tallow-chandler and soap-
boiler. At the age of eight years, Benjamin, the youngest
but two of seventeen children, was sent to a gruminar
school; from which he was removed in less than a year to
be placed under the tuition of George Brownell. who con-
ducted a seminary in which writing and arithmetic formed
the principal branches. His father designed him f<tr the
ministry, but, needing his assistance at home, withdrew
t>29
FRA
FHA
him frnra school when only ten years of age. ami set the
future philosopher to work at *' cutting wicks for the
caniUes, filling the inouhlti for cast candies, attending the
shop, going of errands," Ac.
If we at first feel inclined to blame the father for so
soon ilepriving his son of the benefits of schooling, we must
remember that the good lalluw-chnndler was straitened iu
circumstances, and liad the expenditures of a large family
to provide for from a business probably incapable of much
profitable extension.
His occupation was extremely distasteful to him, and he
felt a strong inclination to exchange it for the roving life
of a sailor, but paternal prudence prevented the consum-
mation of this prujei-t. His father allowed the ynuth to
abandon a trade for which he evinced so strong an aver-
sion, and bound him apprentice to his brotlier James, who
had recently (in 1717) returned from London, and esta-
blished a printing-office in ]j".stnn. Young Franklin soon
became an adept in his new business, and doubtless was
stimuhited by the nature of his duties to that love for
reading which remained with him through life.
Among his favourite works were The Pilgrim's Pro-
gress. Plutarch's Lives, Burton's Historical Collections,
an odd volume of The Spectator, and Cotton Mather's
Essays to do Good. The perusal of this last wurk had so
great an effect upon his future life that we shall be excused
for quoting from a letter from Dr. Franklin, written after
he had attained great eminence, to a son of Cotton Mather:
'•When I was a boy, I met a book entitled Essays to do Good,
which I think was written by your father. It had been so little
regarded by its former possessor that several leaves nf it were torn
out, but the remainder g-ive me such a turn of thinkin;^:. as to
have an influence upon my conduct throu-jh life; for I have always
Bet a greater value on the fhai-acter of a doer of good than any
other kind of reputation : and if I have been, as you seem to think.
a useful citizen, the public owes all the advantage of it to that
book."
We may remark, as a comment to the above, that the
first edit, of the Essays to do Good was pub. in 1710, 12mo,
In 1807, 12mo, it was repub. by the Rev. George Border,
who detracted greatly from its value by making such altera-
tions in the style as he thought would "render it more
agreeable to a modern render," — changing " many quaint
and obsolete words and phrases for others more intelligible
and pleasant." This is as intolerable as the modern ver-
sions of Chaucer and .Spenser. Carrying out this bright
idea, Mr. Burder favours us with no less than three hun-
dred "improvements" on the first eighteen pages! But
we are happy to state that the Massachusetts S. School
Society have recently (Boston, 1845, ISmo) issued an exact
reprint of the original ; the latter is now so scarce that a
copy was recently sold iu Boston for six dollai's. The new
edit, is pub. at a low price, and should be circulated by
thousands and tens of thousands through the land. If the
whole of the seed thus sown shall produce but one more
Franklin, the expenditure will be richly repaid.
But to return to the subject of our memoir. Among
young Franklin's first literary eflTorts were some specimens
of ballad poetry, which he printed, and sold himself in the
streets of Boston :
" One was railed Tlie Light-Hotise Tragedy, and contained an ac-
count of the shipwreck of Captain Wortbilalce with his two daug:h-
ters; the other was a sailor's Kong, on the takiug of the Jamous
Teach, or Blachbeard the pirate. They were wretched stuff, in
street-ballad style; and when they were printed, my brother sent
me about the town to sell them. The first sold prodisriously, the
event being recent, and havinp made a preat noise. This success
flattered my vanity; but my father discouraged me by crilicisin-j;
my performances, and telling me verse-makers weie generally beg-
gars. Thus I escaped beiug a poet, and probably a very bad one."
"—Aiifobingraphy.
The autobiography from which we have quoted is, or
should be, familiar to all of our readers, and a repetition
will not be expected here. To this work, and to Dr. Jnred
Sparks's continuation of his Life, we must refer the reader
for interesting particulars connected with the career of
this extraordinary man and his important contributions
to human knowledge. A rapid summary of the jirincipal
incidents in his lile is all that our space will allow. In
172.3, disgusted with the continued severity of his brother's
treatment of him, he removed to Philadelj)liia, where
he obtained emplo3'mcnt with a printer named Keimer,
and devoted himself to his business with great industry
and intelligence. Having made the acquaintance of Sir
William Keith, then Governor of Pennsylvania, he en-
couraged him to establish a printing-office for himself. As
his father did not second this proposal, Sir William sent
him to London in 1724 to select tbe proper stock for a small
printing-establishment. Unable to accomplish the object
jf his visit, he worked at his trade in London for about
63U
two years, and then returned to Philadelphia. It was whilst
still in Lnn<h.n.in t72.S, that he pub. A Dissertation cm Li-
berty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain. This essay in-
troduced him to the acquaintance of Mandeville, tlie auihor
of The Fable of the Bees. It is not to be doubted that
intimacies with English freethinkers at this period, and
with French deists and atheists at a later stage of his life,
did much to engender those latitndinarian sentiments uiiou
religious suVgects which Franklin is known to have enter-
tained. Tbe essay on Liberty and Necessity, Ac. is not to
be found in any edition of Franklin's Works. When Dr.
Sparks, in 1840, pub. his edit., this essay was supposed to
be lost; but a copy has since been discovered in Englancl.
See (London) Notes and Queries No. 114, Jan. 3, IS52;
Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. In 1727 he entered into
partnership with a person named Meredith, and two years
later wrote and published an anonymous pamphlet on the
Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency; which was the
cause of an i>sue of bills amounting to eighty thousand
pounds. In the same year he purchased from Keimer the
Pennsylvania Gazette, the 1st Nt>. of which bears date Dee.
24, 172S. Franklin ami ^Meredith's first issue was No. 40.
Through the columns of tbis j<uiinal, and by the agency
of the Junto — a club established by him on his return
from London — the enterjirising printer now controlled
political influence to no contemptible extent. In 1730
he was married to his old acquaintance, Mrs. Rogers, for-
merly Miss Head, who had been deserted by her husband;
and in the same year be founded the public library in
Philadelphia. In 17;^2 he first pub. Poor Richard's Alma-
nac, wbirh had a great run — in several cases an annual
sale of 10,000 copies — for 25 years. Franklin was now a
prominent memlier of the community, and in 1736 was
chosen Clerk of the Provincial Assembly; in 1737 he be-
came deputy postmaster at Philadelphia; and in 1753
Postmaster-General for British America. In 1741 he pub.
The General Magazine and Historical Chronicle for all the
British Plantations in America; in 1742 he invented what
is still called The Franklin Stove; in the next year he
originated The American Philosophicol Society: in 1749
he had the great satisfaction of establishing in Philadel-
phia an institution of learning, which, in the maturity of
its age and fame, as the University of Pennsylvania, has
conferred honour of the most substantial kind upon the
country at large; in 1752 he was rejoiced at the demon-
stration of the truth of his theory of tbe identity of light-
ning with electricity; in 1754 he sat as a delegate in the
Congress of Commissioners of the Colonies convened at
Albany, in expectation of a rupture with France ; the value
of bis suggestions in this assembly, respecting articles
of union between the colonies, is well known to the student
of early American history. Nor must we omit to mention,
among the services rendered by Franklin at this period,
the important aid which he rendered to Braddock at the
moment of extreme need. In 1756 we find Franklin com-
manding in person on the frontier, and ready to endure
any hardships or perils %vhich the nature of his duties
might impose. From 1757 to 1762 he spent in England,
as agent for Pennsylvania, (he was complimented by the
degree of Doctor of Laws, conferred by the Universities of
Edinburgh, Oxford, and St. Andrew's, and chosen Fellow
of the Royal Society,) and iu 1764 again visited England,
with a petition for a change in the charter. Whilst in
Great Britain, he was not forgetful of the interests of the
colonies at large, and it was doubtless greatly owing to the
eflfect produced by his celebrated examination before the
Parliament in 1766 that the obnoxious Stamp Act was
repealed.
When the difficulties between Great Britain and her
colonies had been aggravated to a state of open hostility,
Franklin was elected a member of the American Congress,
and, after signing tbe Declaration of Independence, was
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France, where he
arrived in December, 1776. His success in enlisting the
sympathies and substantial assistance of tbe French peo-
ple in behalf of the American colonies is well known. He
returneil to Philadelphia, September 14, 17S5, at which
period he had attained the advanced age of SO years, and
was received with the enthusiastic acclamations of a grate-
ful nation. From the original letter in the valuable col-
lection of our esteemed friend, George P. Putnam, of New
York, we copy the following testimonial to the patriotic
services of the individual to whom it is addressed:
'• Momit Vernon, S^t. 25. 17S5.
*' Tear Sir : Amid the public gratulation on your safe it-turn to
America, after a Ioul; absence, and the many eminent ser\ lees you
had rendered it — for whi(.'h as a benefitted person I feel the obli-
gation— i>ermit an individual to join the public voice iuexprebslug
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his sense of them; and to assure you, that as no one entei-tains
more respect for your character, so nuue can salute you with more
sincerity or with greater pleasure than I do on the occasion.
*i am — dear sir,
" Your most obt.
" and most Hble. Servt.,
"ti. Washington.
"The Ilnn'ble DocT. Franklin."
He tJlleil the dignified office of President of the Com-
monwcalili of Pennsylvaniii from 1785 to 17SS, and in
17S7 sat ttilh Washington and Hamilton in the Federal
Convention which framed the Constitiitiun of the United
States. His last public act was to sign his name, as Pre-
sident of the Abolition Society, to a memorial to Congress,
and the last paper which he composed was on the same
subject. He died of a disease of the lungs, after a short
illness, on the 17th of April, 1790.
We have already referred to the religious opinions of
this eminent philosopher as " latitudinarian," and we know
not that we could have selected a better word. Nothing
can bo fairer, in this connexion, thau to quote his own
words, in a letter to Dr. Stiles, dated March 9, 1790, but a
few weeks before his death :
" As to Jesus of Nazareth, my ophiion of whom you particularly
desire, I think the system of morals and bis reli.^ion, as he left
them to us, the best the world ever saw, or is likely to see; but I
apprehend it has received various corrupting changes; and I have,
with most of the present dissenters in England, sume doubts as to
his divinity."'
" It may not be unnecessary to remark, that if we may credit
Dr. Priestley. Dr. Franklin was not correct in estimating the senti-
ments of a majority of the dissenters ia Engluud." — rRKsiDENT
Allen.
When Thomas Paine proposed to publish his infamous
Age of Reason, Franklin wrote to him,
"I would advise you not to attempt unchaining the tiger, but
to buru this piece before it is seen by any other person. If men
are so wicked with religion, what would they be without it?"
A notice, however cursory, of the religious opinions of
Benjamin Franklin, would be hardly just if it omitted to
notice a memorable declaration made by him, on an august
occasion, of his profound belief in the overruling provi-
dence of Almighty God.
His celebrated speech in the Convention for forming a
Constitution for the United States, when supporting his
motion fur providing daily prayer in the Convention, was
in these words :
"In the beginning of the contest with Britain, when we. tvrre
sensible of danger, we had daily prayers in this room for the Divine
protection. Our piayers, sir. were "beard. and they were graciously
answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must have
observed frequent instances of a superintending Providence in our
favour. To that kind Providence we owe thts happy opportunity
of consulting in peace on the means of establishing our futinr na-
tional felicity. And have we now forgotten this powerful frinnd?
or do we imagine we no longer need His assistance? I have Hvd,
ti}\alongUine,[ii\ years;] and th^- longer I live. Vie more cuvmcmg
proofs I sec of this truth, that God gova-ns in the affairs of man.
And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is
it probable that an empire can lise without His aid? AVe have
beeu assured, sir, in the sacred writings, 'that except the Lord
build the house, they labour in vain that build it.' 1 tiinily be-
lieve this; and I also believe that without Ilis concurring aid. we
shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders
Of Babel; we shall be divided by our little partial local interests;
our projects will be confounded; and we ourselves shall become a
reproach and a by-word down to future ages. And what is worse,
mankind may herejifter, from this unfortunate instance, despair
of establishing government by human wisdom, and leave it to
chance, war, or conquest. I therefore beg leave to move that
henceforth prayers, imploring the assistance of Heaven and its
hlefsing on our deliberations, be held in this assembly every
morning before we proceed to business; and that one or more of
the clergy of this city be requested to officiate in that service."
His death was sincerely mourned both in Europe and
America.
*' Mirabeau announced in the General Assembly of France that
*the genius which had freed America, and poured a flood of light
over Europe, had returned to the bosom of the Divinity.' 'Every-
where,' to use the language of Koebefoucauld. ' he was the object
of the regrets, as he had been of the admiration, of the friends of
liberty.'"
Turgot celebrated his discoveries in electricity, and his
labours in bchiilf of freedom, in the striking line written
by him under Franklin's portrait;
'■ El ipuit cwlo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis."
The history of this celebrated line need not here be re-
peated.
His E.xperiments and Observations on Electricity, made
at Philadeliihia, [proving that lightning and electricity
are the same,] and communicated in several Letters to Mr.
P. Collinson of London, were pub. in that city in 1751, '53,
'54, 3 Pts. 4to. They were not originally designed for
publication, but Collinson thought them too important
to be withheld. The public interest in these experiments
justified CoUinson's anticipations. " Notbiug," says Priest-
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ley, "was ever written on the subject more justly applauded-
All the world, even kings, flocked to see them, and retired
full of admiration." They were tested with eminent suc-
cess by M. de Loz, in Paris, I'y M. Beccaria, in Turin, by
Richmann, in Russia, and by philosophers in various coun-
tries. Professor Richmann, as if to rebuke his temerity,
was struck dead, in the midst of his investigations, by the
formidable element which he had chosen for a plaything.
The 4th edit, of his letters and papers on electricity, en-
larged by essays on variims philosophical subjects, appeared
in 1769, 4to. This edit., and the 5th, which was pub. five
years later, is supposed by Dr. Sparks to have received
some degree of attention from the author, who was then
in London. Translations of his writings were made into
Latin, French, Italian, and German, and appeared in va-
rious parts of Europe. In 1772 M. Dubourg made a new
collection of Franklin's writings, including some not be-
fore printed, and pub. them at Paris. 2 vols. 4to. In 1779
another collection was pub. in London, consit^ting of Po-
litical. Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces. These,
few of which were in print before, were edited by Benja-
min Vaughan, an intimate friend and correspondent of the
author. In 1787 a selection from the above edits, was pub.
in a thin 8vo.
In 179.3 there appeared in London what is called The
Works of Dr. Franklin, in 2 vols. ; in 179S a selection of
his pieces was pub. in Paris, 2 vols. Svo; and in ISOH an
edition, superintended by a Mr. Marshall, w.is issued in Lon-
don, in 3 vols. Svo. In 1816-19 edits, were pub. iu Eng-
land and the United States, by William Temple Franklin,
grandson of the author, and Mr. AVilliara Duane of Phila-
delphia, (also a descendant of Dr. Franklin,) first in 3 vol3.
4to, (Lou.,) subsefiuentlv in 6 vols. Svo, Lon., 1S18; also
iu 1S33; Phila., ISIS, the Phila. ed., in 6 vols. Svo, con-
tains some ])ai)ers and letters not to be found in the Lon.
ed. It ha? licen reprinted in 2 vids. r. Svo. There is a Lon.
ed. of his Life and Writings. ISIS. 2 vols. Svo. There has
been rcpub. at Paris, in 2 vols., a selection from Franklin's
writings in Spanish, translated from the French by Man-
gino. Further particulars respecting the eds. of Franklin's
writings will be found in the Preface to Sparks's ed., Bos-
ton, 1836-40, to which we are indebted for many of the
facts now stated. New ed. of the same, thoroughly revised,
with additions and new illustrations. Phila.. 1858, 10 vols.
Svo. This edition is the only complete one. and contains
about six hundred and fifty letters and miscellaneous
papers (more thau one-third of the whole bulk of the new
ed.) not to be i'ound in any other collection. Of these,
upwards of four hundred and sixty had never been
printed. The Familiar Letters of Franklin, pub. in 1833
by Dr. Sparks, are included in this ed.. and magazines,
pamphlet?^, and newspapers have been industriously exa-
mined, and no printed paper omitted which is known to
have been written by Franklin. The number of books,
papers, &c. — excluding letter.s — is no less than 304!
" In classifying these materials, the following arrangement haa
been adopted :
'•1. Autobiography.
"2. Essays on Religious and Moral Subjects and the Economy
of Life.
''3. Essays on General Politics. Commerce, and Polit. Economy.
"4! Essai, s and Tracts, Uistorical and Political, before the Ame-
rican Hevolution.
" 5. Political Papers during and after the American Revolution.
" 6. Letteis and Papers on Electricity.
"7. Letters and Papers on Philosophical Subjects.
'■8. Correspondence.
" Under each head all the artiiles have been placed in the order
in which they were written, nlth the date of each prefixed wher-
ever Ibis could be ascertained. The Correspondecce i.s also printed
in chnmological order from beginning to end, without regard to
the contents of the letters. This method was believed to be pre-
ferable to any atteqipt at a classification, because in numernus in-
stances a t^ingle letter treats of various subjects, both of a political
and of a private nature." — Preface.
We need not dwell upon the great value of the learned
editor's notes and historical remarks, which illustrate the
text. Dr. Sparks has not forgotten the great importance
of a copious index to a work of this character— to a good
work of any character. He gives us. indeed, no less than
five indexes, viz.: Index. I. A List of the Author's Writ^
ings, chronologically arranged. II. Letters written by
Franklin to Individuals and Public Bodies. II L Letters
addressed to Franklin by Various Persons. IV. Miscel-
laneous Letters, V. General Index.
Can any collector of American history do without such
a noble set of volumes as this?
As regards minor publications, Franklin's autobio-
graphy has been frequently pub. in America and England,
and we have edits, of his Life by HoUey, Stanley. Weema,
631
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and Weld, and sundry compilations from his writin^f.
On this eminent philosopher and statfsman — of whom Lord
Brougham declares that "his genius ranks him with the
Galileos and the Newtons of the Old World," and i.f whom
Mirabeau does not scruple to assert, "Antiquity would
have raised altars to this mighty genius," — it would be
easy to quote pages of panegyric : but our space allows
of but brief citation. At the conclusion of this article,
however, we shall refer the reader to other papers upon
the fertile themes of Franklin and bis discoveries.
" A singular felicity of induction guuted all his lepearchea. and
by very Piiiall means he estahlished very grand truths. The style
and maimer of his publication on electricity are almost as worthy
of admiration as the doctrine it contains. He has endeavoured to
remove nil mystery and obscurity from the subject. lie has wiit^
ten eriually for the uninitiated and for the philosopher: and he has
rendered bis details amusing and perspicuous, elegant as well as
simple. Science appears in his language in a dress wonderfully
decorous, best adapted to display her native loveliness. He has
in no instance exhil»ited that false dignity by which philosophy is
kept aloof from common applications; and he has sought rather
to make her a useful inmate and servant in the common habita-
tions of man, than to preserve her mei'ely as an object of admira-
tion in temples and palaces." — Siit Humpury Davy.
"This self-taught American is the most rational, perhaps, of all
philosophers. He never loses sight of common sense in any of his
speculations: and when his philosophy dues not consist entirely
in its fair and vigorous application, it is aUvtiy.? regulated and con-
trolled by it in its application and result. No individual, perhaps,
ever possessed a juster understanding, or was so seldom obstructed
iu the use of it by indolence, enthusiasm, or authority. . . . The
distinguishing feature of his understanding was great .soundness
and sagacity; combined with extraordinary quickness of penetra-
tion. He possessed also a strong and lively imairinalion. which
gave his speculations, as well as his condui-t, a singularly original
turn. The peculiar charm of his writings, and his great merit
also in action, consisted in the clearness with which he saw his
object, — and the bold and steady pursuit of it. by the surest and
the shortest road. He never suffered himself, in conduct, to be
turned aside by the seductions of interest or vanity, or to be scared
hy hesitation and fear, or to be misled by the arts of bis adversa-
ries. Neither did he, in disi-ussion, ever go out of his way in
search of ornament, or stop shurt from dread of the consequences.
He never could be cau^rht, in short, acting absurdlv. or writing
nonsensically : at all times, and in every thing he uudertocik, the
vigour of an understanding at once original and practical was
distinctly perceivable.
" But it must not be supposed that his writincs are devoid of
ornament or amusement. The latter especiully aUiunds in almost
all he ever composed: only nothin;; is sacrificed to them. On the
contrary, they come most naturally into their places; and they
uniformly help in the purpose in hand, of which neither writer nor
reader ever loses sight for an instant. Thus, his style has all the
vigour and even conciseness of Swift, without any of his harsh-
ness. It is in no degree more flowery, yet both elegant and lively.
The wit, or rather humour, which prevails in his works, varies with
the subject. Sometimes he ia bitter aud sarcastic; often gay and
even droll: reminding us, in this respect, far more frequently of
Addison than of Swift, as might naturally be expected from his
admirable temper, or tlie happy turn of his investi'.'ation. . . .
Upon the whole, we look upon the life and writings of Dr. Franklin
as affording a striking illustration of the incalculable value of a
eound and well-directed understanding, and of the comparative
Tiselessness of learning and laborious accomplishments. Without
the slightest pretensions to the character of a scholar or man of
science, he has extended the bounds of human knowledge on a
variety of subjects, which scholars and men of science had previ-
ously investigated without success; and has only been found de-
ficient in those studies which the learned have generally turned
from in disdain. We would not be understood to say any thing
in disparagement of scholarship and science; but the value of these
instruments is apt i>) be overrated by their possessors : and it is a
wholesome mortifi-ari.in to shew them that the work may be done
without them. We have long known that their employment does
not insure its success." — Lord Jeffrey ; £izn. Eev., viii. 327-344 :
zxviii. 275-302, q. v.
These last reflections of Lord Jeffrey hardly require a
serious answer. It were as wise to say that the American
Indian, whose native talent enables him to fashion his
canoe with a rudo flint, could not make a better canoe,
and sooner despatch his work, with the steel axe and the
sharp tools used by his civilized neighbour. Had Franklin
been an educated man, doubtless he would have been
enabled to add larger contributions to the stock of human
knowledge than those which have immortalized his name.
See papers on Franklin, his Correspondence and his
Discoveries, in the N. Amer. Rev., vii. 2S9. by A. Norton ;
xxxvii. 249, by W. B. 0. Peabody ; lix. 44fi, by Francis
Bowen ; Meth. Quar. Rev., vii. 'im, by Wm. 11. Allen ;
Lon. Month. Rev.. Ixxxiii. IS, 133, Ixxxviii. 409, cxxxii.
239 : Amcr. Month. Rev., iv. 124. The reader must also
peruse John Foster's Review of Dr. Franklin's Private
Correspondence, (contrih. to the Lon. Eclec. Rev., and re-
pub, in the collective ed. of his contribs. to that periodical,)
and Edward Everett's Boyhood and Youth of Franklin.
We are glad to observe an announcement of the intended
publication (N.Y., lSo9) of Letters to Benjamin Franklin
from his Family and Friends : a coUectiou of about eighty
con O i/
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I original letters, 1751-90. These are in the possession of
i Franklin Bathe. M.D., and are being carefully copied and
) annotated by Mr. William Duane, (great-grandsons of Ben-
I jaCAin Franklin.) Edition, 260 copies, (Svo, about 250
pp. :) 10 copies on large paper, $10 each.
Franklin, Eleanor Ann, 1795-1825, a daughter of
Mr. Porden, architect, was married in 1823 to Sir John
Franklin, the unfortunate navigator. 1. The Veils; or,
The Triumph of Constancy ; a Poem, in six Books, Lon.,
1815, Svo. 2. The Arctic Expedition; a Poem, 1813.
This poem, suggested by a visit to the hnheUa and Alex-
nnder, discovery ships, led to an acquaintance with Sir
John Franklin, one of the adventurers, which resulted in
marriage. 3. Coeur dc Liou ; an Epic Poem on the third
Crusade, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Mrs. Franklin died six days
after the departure of her husband on his second expedi-
tion. See Franklin, Sir John.
Franklin, J. Hist, of anc. and mod. Egypt, from the
most authentic records, Lon.. ISllO, 3 vols. 12mo.
Franklin, James. A Philos. and Polit. Hist, of the
13 U. States of America, Lon., 1784. 12mo.
Franklin, James, Present State of Hayti, Lon.,
1828. cr. Svo.
"The statements concerning the productions, commerce, re-
sources, population, aud govei-nment of Hayti. are minute and
particular, and were obt.nined by personal iuquiry during a resi-
dence in the West Indies.'' — N. Amer. Kev.
Franklin, Sir John, an eminent navigator, b. 1786,
at Spilsliy, Lincolnshire, entered the Royal Navy as a
midshipman in 1^(10, was present at the battle of Trafal-
gar in I80f) and the battle of New Orleans in 1814, and
was selected in 1819 to head an expedition overland from
Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Ocean. After encountering
great hardships, and very frequently at the point of death
from hunger and fatigue, he reached home in October,
1822. In the next year he was married to Miss Porden.
See Fn.ANKLiN, Eleanor Ann. In 1825 he submitted to
Lord Bathurst "a plan for an expedition overland, to the
mouth of the Mackenzie river, and thence by sea, to the
N. West extremity of America, with the combined object
also, of surveying the coast between the Mackenzie and
Copper Mine rivers."
This proposition was accepted, and, to superintend the
expedition, he embarked at Liverpool, February 16, 1825,
after the *' severe struggle of taking leave of his wife,
whose death, then hourly expected, took place six days
after his departure."
After encountering great hardships, the moving masses
of ice forced the heroic sailors to retrace their steps. Sep-
tember 1, 1827, Captain Franklin arrived at Liverpool,
married a second time in November of the following year,
and in 1829 received the honour of knighthood. The per-
severing zeal of Lady Franklin iu stimulating the search
for Sir John, for ten years pa.st., is well known to the
world. He was greatly disappointed at his unsuccessful
attempts to accomplish the object of his voyages ; remark-
ing, with reference to his compulsory return in 1827 :
'• It W.1S with no ordinary pain that I could now bring myself
even to think of relimjuishing the great object of my ambition,
[the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the
P.acitic Ocean.] and of disappointing the flattering hopes which had
been reposed in my exertions. But I h.ad hiL'her duties to perform
than the gratification of my own feelings, and a mature considera-
tion of all things forced me to the conclusion that we hati reached
that point beyond which perseverance would be rashness and the
best efforts would be fruitless."
The Montreal Gazette of Sept. 11, 1822, remarks:
*'It appears that the toils and sufferings of the expedition have
been of the most tryimr description, and that, if they do not ex-
ceed belief, they were at least of such a nature as almost to over-
come the stoutest heart, and deter all future attempts of a similar
tendency."
But this writer little knew the iron stuff of which Sir
John Franklin was made.
I On the 26th of May. 1845, Sir John started upon a third
I expedition, in two ships, the Erebus and Terror; he was
I heard from on the 26th of July of the same year, and
passed his first winter in a cove between Cnpe Riley and
Beechey Island. Since that period, many expeditions
fro[u England and America have been despatched in search
of the adventurer, but it was not until November, 1854,
that news reached England which leaves little doubt that
I the whole party perished in the winter of 1850-51. See
! London Gent. Mag., Nov. 1854, 479; Dec, 1854, 594-95.
Since the above was written, we have further intelligence,
— by the return of Mr. James G. Stewart's expedition, de-
I spatched by the British Hudson's Bay Company, 18th
Nov., 1854; arrived at St. Paul, Minnesota, lOth Dec,
1856. — which places beyond all doubt the loss of Sir John
Franklin and his party. Some of their shoes, cooking-
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utensils, &c., were found among the Esquimaux, who de-
clared that they had died of starvation.
By a curious coincidence, on the day that we are pen-
ning this article, (Oct. 11, 1S65,) the last expedition — sent
specially in search of Dr. Kane and his party — which sailed
from New York in June, 18o5, has arrived at home. The
explorers bring with them Dr. Kane and all of his com-
pany save three — a carpenter, a cuok, and a seaman, lost
by deatli. The remainder of the party are more or less
frost-bitten. Of the last expedition — the steamer (pro-
peller) Arctic, Lieut. Simms, and the barque Release,
Lieut. Hartstcne^the Arctic (Lieut. Hartstene was on
board) made its way north to hit. 78° 'A2', when it was
stopped by the ice. The Advance, Dr. Kane's vessel, had
been pushed as far north as possible, (.«ee " Geographical
Results," below,) when she was frozen in, and of course
had to be abandoned. The ship's company were found by
the Arctic and Release on the island of Disco. They have
been absent from home since May 31, 1853, and are re-
ceived with great rejoicings. They have made several
important discoveries, and added largely to our knowledge
of the inhospitable region the perils and discomforts of
which they have so bravely encountered. From a state- '
ment in the New York Tribune of Oct. 12, 1855, we extract
the following resume of the results uf Dr. Kane's last voy-
age. For an account of his former explorations, see his
work noticed at the end of this article. I
" GEOORAPHICAL RESULTS.
"I.Greenland has been followed ami charted by Dr. Kane to- |
ward the Atlantic with a coast-line puinting due north, until a ,
stupendous glacier abaolutt^ly checked tbt-ir profrress. This mass ,
of ice rose in a lofty precipice five hundivd feet high, abutting into
the sea. It undoubtedly is the only barrier between Greenland !
and the Atlantic. It is an effectual larrier toall future exploration. I
'•This glacier, in spite of the difficulty of falling bergs, was ful- I
lowed out to sea by means of sledges ; the party rafting themselves
across open-water spaces on masses of ice. In this way they suc-
ceeded in travelling eighty miles along its base, and traced it into
a new northern land. This glacier is, we believe, the largest ever
discovered by any navigator.
"II. This new land thus cemented to Greenland by protruding
ice was named Washiui^ton. The large bay which intervenes be-
tween it and Greenland bears the name of Mr. Peabody of Balti-
more, one of the projectors of the expedition. This icy connection of
the Old and New World seems to us a feature of romantic interest.
"III. The range of the sledge journeys may be understood from
the fact that the eniire circuit of Smith Sound has been effected
and its shores completely charted. But the real discovery of the
expedition is the open I'olar sea. The channel leading to these
waters was entirely free from ice; and this mysterious feature was
rendered the more remarkable by the existence of a belt of solid
ice extending one hundred and twenty-five miles to the south-
ward. This sea verifies the views of Dr. Kane as expressed to the
Geographic^il Society before his departure. The lashings of the
surf against the frozen beach of ice was impressive beyond descrip-
tion. Several gentlemen with whom we have conversed speak of
the matter as one of peculiar interest. An area of three thousand
square miles has been seen, entirely free from ice. This channel
has been named after the Hon. J. l\ Kennedy, late Secretary of the
United States Xavy, under whose auspices the expedition was un-
dertaken.
"IV. The land to the north and west of this channel has been
charted as high as 82° 30'. This is the nearest land to the Pole
yet known, it bears thenameof Mr. Henry Grinnell, the founder
of the enterprise."
Perhaps so long an article on this subject, in aLiterary
Dictionary, is rather out of place ; but who can resist being
led away by such themes? The render who desires to
pursue this interesting topic must refer to the following
publications: — 1. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a
Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1819-22, with an
Appendix on various Subjects relating to Science and
Natural History, Lon., 1823, 4to, pp. 784; 34 Plates, and
four Maps, £4 4«. The Appendix on Natural History is
by Sir John Richardson, Sabine, Lieut. Hood, &c. The
Plates are beautifully engraved by Finden (some of them
coloured) after drawings by Lieuts. Hood and Back. A
Becond and third edit, were pub. in 1824, both in 2 vols.
8vo, without the plates.
Also an ed. in Phila., 8vo, same year.
'■The unstudied and seaman-like simplicity of the style is not
the least of its merits; and the illustrations and embellishments,
fi-om the drawings of the late unfortunate Mr. Hood and Mr. Uat'k,
are of a very superior kind." — 2>m. Qiiar. Itev.
'■A work of intense and indeed painful interest, from the suffer-
ings of those who performed this journey; of value to geography
by no means proportional to these sufferings ; but instructive in
meteorology and natural history." — Stcvrntun's Voy. and Travels.
2. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Second Expedi-
tion to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1825-27; including
an Account of the Progress of a Detachment to the East-
ward, by John Richardson. M.D., F.R.S., .tc. Surgeon
and Naturalist to the Expedition. Illustrated bv numerous
Maps and Plates, 1828, 4to, pp. 447, £4 4«. The Second
Expedition has not in England been pub. in Svo, but see
below.
"The views of Arctic Scenery with which this volume is both
illustrated and embellished are of extreme beauty. They supply,
in a great measure, the absence of pic-turesque description, and
delineate, with singular truth, the striking peculiarities which
distinguish the aspect of these regions from that of the temperate
climates." — J'jlin. J\^:^\
"It is difficult to do sufficient justice either to the skill and
intelligence displayed in it^-j conduct, or the information to be de-
rived from it." — Amei; Quay. iltv.
There is an edit. pub. in 1S29, Lon., 4 vols. 18mo, of Sir
John Franklin's Two Journeys to the Shores of the Polar
Sea in 1819-27, with engravings by Finden, £1. Anedit.-
of the second expeditiun was pub. in Phila.. 1828, Svo.
The render must also peruse, 1. Mr. P. L. Simnionds'a
account of Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions,
1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo ; 3d ed., 1853, 12mo. 2.
Papers and Correspondence relative to the Arctic Expedi-
tion under Sir John Franklin. Ordered by the House of
Commons to be printed, March 5, 1850-52, fol. 3. The Frank-
lin Expedition, or Considerations on Measures for the Dis-
covery and Relief of our Absent Adventurers in the Arctic
Regions ; with Maps, by the Rev. AV. Score.«by, D.D., 1850.
4. Arctic Searching Expedition : a Journal of a Roat Voy-
age through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea, in Search
of the Discovery Ships under Command of Sir John Frank-
lin ; with an Appendix on the Physical Ger.grapliy of
North America. By Sir John Richardson, M.D.. F.R.S.,
kc. Inspector of Hospitals and Fleets. PuIJished by
Authority of the Admiralty. With a coloured Map, seve-
ral PLates printed in Colours, and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo.
■' Valuable alike to the scientiiic student or the future wanderer
over these wild plains, and the lonely settler whom European en-
terprise may locate among these far distant tribes. It is a book
to study rather than to read: and yet so attractive in its style, and
so instructive in its collation of facts, that many will be led to its
study as a work of science whilst merely engaged in its perusal as
a book of travels." — Britannui.
5. A Lecture on Arctic Expeditions, delivered at the
London Institution, by C. R. Weld, Esq. Second edition,
Map, p. Svo.
"An intelligent general view of the subject of Arctic Discovery
from early times, a rapid but well-informed sketch of its heroes
and its vicissitudes in modern days, a hopeful view of the chances
of Franklin's return, and an account of the circumstances of the
original expedition and of the voyages in search, whiih will be
read with considerable interest just now." — Lon. Examiner.
6. Article entitled Attempts to find a North-West Pas-
sage, in N. Anier. Rev., Ixix. 1 ; and the following articles
on Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions : 7. N. Amer.
Rev., Ixxi. IGS. 8. N. York Eclec. Mag., xx. 60. 9, 10.
Boston Living Age, (from the London Examiner,) xxiv.
275 and 279. Search for Sir J. F. 11. Eraser's Ma^'., xliii.
198 ; same art., N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii.42U. 12. Fraser'a
Mag.,xliv. 502. 13. Boston Living Age. (from the Lon.
New Monthly Mag..) xxxi. 291. Second Expedition of Sir
J. F. 14. Lou. Quar. Rev., xxxviii. 335. 15, 16. Lon.
Month, Rev., cii. 1,156; cxvii. 1. 17. South Rev., iii. 261,
Track of Sir J. F. 18. N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii. 112.
Also, 19. Meare.<!, J., Voyages made in 17S8-S9 from China
to the Norlh-West Coast of America; with Observations
on the Existence of a North-W'est Passage, &c., maps and
plates, 1790, 4to.
To the above must be added, 20. Dr. Elisha Kent Kane's
Narrative of the Expedition in search of Sir John Frank-
lin, N.York, 1854, Svo, the Voyages of Beechey, Parry and
Ross, Back's Arctic Expedition, Sabine's North Georgia
Gazette, 1821, 4to, and A Souvenir of the late Polar Search
by the Officers and Seamen of the Expedition, 1852, Svo.
Nor must the Historical Accounts and numerous essays of
Sir John Barrow upon this subject, -be overlooked by the
reader. \Yq are ]>romised another work from Dr. Kane,
who, as mentioned above, has returned this day from a
fruitless search after Sir John Franklin. Upon the sub-
ject of a North-West Passage, we append an interesting
paper from the New York Herald of Oct. 12, 1S55.
" THE EFFORTS MADE TO DISCOVER A NORTH-WF.ST PASSAGE.
" The attempt to discover a north-west passage was made by a
Portuguese named Cortereal, about A. D. louO. It was attempted
by the English in 1553; and tlie project was greatly encouraged
by Queen Klizabeth in 15S5. in which year a company was asso-
ciated in London, and was called the ' Fellowship for the Discovery
of the \orth-\Vest Passage.' The following voyages with this de-
sign were undertaken, under British and American navigators, in
the years respectively stated;
Sir Hugh Willoughby's expedition to find a north-west pas-
sage to China sailed from the Thames May 20, 1553
Sir Martin Frobisher's attempt to find a north-west passage
to China 1575
Captain Davis's expedition to find a north-west passage 1585
BarBntz's expedition 1594
Weymouth and Knight's WHZ
633
ERA
FRA
Hu<l!;on's voyages; the last UDdertaken 1610
Sir Thomas Buttan's Itil2
Baffius IfilG
Foxe's expedition 1031
(A number of enterprises, undertaken by various cuuotries,
followed.)
Middleton's expf(lition.« 1742
Moore's ai.d Smith's 1746
Feiirnes hmd t-xpt-ditiou 17*59
Captain rhipps, afterwards Lord Mulf^rave, his expedition.... 1773
Captjiin ( ook, in the Kesolution and Discovery July, 1776
Macki-nzie's expedition 17-'^9
Capt^iiu Dunciin's voyage 1790
The liiscovery. Captain Vancouver, returned from a voyage
of survey and discovery on the north-west coast of Ame-
rica Sept. 24, 1795
Lieut, Kotzebue's expwlitioD Oct. 1^15
Captain Buchan's and Lieut. Franklin's expedition in the
Dorothea aud Trent 1818
Captain Koss and Lieut. Parry, in the Isabella and Alexander 1S18
Lieuls. Pairy and Liddon, in the llecla aud CJriper May 4, 1S19
They return to Leith Nov. 3, 1820
Capts, Parry and Lyon, in the Fury and Hecla May 8, 1821
Capt. Parry's third expedition with the Hecla May S, 1824
Capts. Franklin and Lyon, after having attempted a land ex-
pedition, ayain sail from Liverpool Feb. 10, 1825
Capt. Parry, again in the Hecla, sails from Deptfard...March 25, 1827
And returns Oct. 6, 1S27
Captain Hdss arrived at Hull, on his return from his Arctic
expedition, alter an absence of four years, and when all
hope of his return had been nearly abandoned Oct. IS. 1833
Captain B;ick and his companions ariived at Liverpool from
their piTilous Ari'tic land e.\peditiou. after having visited
the Great iish IUver,and examined its course to the Polar
Seas Sept. 8, 1S35
Captain Back sailed from Chatham in command of His Ma-
jesty's ship Terror, on an exploring adventure to Wager
Kiver. Captain Back, in the month of December. 1J>35,
■was awardt-d, by the Tieographical Society, the King's
annual premium for his polar discoveries and enter-
prise June 21, 1836
Dease and Simpson traverse the intervening space between
the discoveries of Ross and Parry, aud establish that there
is a north-west passage Oct. 1839
Sir John Franklin and Captain Crozier, in the Erebus and
Terror, leave England May 2-t, 1845
Captnin Knss returned from an unsuccessful espediticn in
star.h ot Franklin 1849
Another Rxpedition (one sent out by Lady Franklin) in search
of Sir Ji.hu Franklin, consisting of two vessels, sailed from
England April-:\Iay, 1850
Another, under Capt. McClure, who succeeded in effecting a
transit over ice from ocean to ocean; and another under
Sir Edward Belcher 1851
Another, consisting of two vessels, the Advance and Rescue,
liberally puichased for the purpose by lleury Grinnell. a
New York merchant, and manned at govei-nment cost fi-nm
the United States navy, under command of Lieut. De Ha-
ven, sailed from New York ^lay. 1850
The expedition of Dr. Kane, in the Advance May 31, 1853
The last expedition, consisting of the Release and Arctic,
under Lieut. Uartsteue- June, 1S55
And returns Oct. 11. 1856
" There may be some omissions in the above, but it will be found
generally correct."
Franlilin, Richard. Discourse of Antichrist and
the Apooalypse. Lon.. 1075. fol.
Franklin, Robert. Serin.. Lon., 16S3, 4to.
Franklin, Thomas. Defence of Lecturers. 1721.
Franklin, Thomas, D.D., Hector of Brasted, Kent.
Berins . 1748-74.
F'ranklin, Thomas, Rector of Langton Herring.
Serni., 17iJB, Svo.
Fraukliu, Thomas, Vicar of Ware. Serms., 1703-
68, 4 to.
Franklin, William. Pee FnANCKLiN.
Franklin, William Temple, d. at Paris, 1823, son
of Williiiiu Franklin, the last r<iyal Governor of New Jer-
sey, and ^^randsun of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, has already
been mentioned as editor of his grandfather's works. See
Fbankli.n, Bkn.iamin, LL.D.
Franklyn, Francis, Perm.. 1724. Svo.
Franks, James, of Halifax. 1. Serm., 1V90, Svo.
2. Tlie Pious Mother. 1794, 12mo. 3. Memoirs of Pre-
tendcil Prophets, 1795, S\'o.
'*\Vell adapted to curb prophetical extravaj^ance." — Low7ides^s
£rit. Lit.
4. Sacred Literature ; or, Remarks upon the Book of Gene-
sis, 1802, Svo. Consi!>tsprincipally of extracts. The author
" Has contented himself with forming; the arrangement, which
Is clear and pood, and in sterliui; short passay;es to seive for con-
nexinn and eluridalicm."— flriV. Ciitic, O. .%. xxi. fiSO, 681.
Franks, James Clarke. 1, 2. Hulsean Lectures:
for 1821, on the Evidences of Chris'y, Camb., 1S21, Svo;
for 1823, on the Apostolical Preaching, Ac, 1S2.% Svo.
"Many orij^inal remarks. — Btclerslelh's C. S.
3. Christian Psalmody, lS;i4, 24mo.
Franks, John. 1. Animal Life and Apparent Death,
Ion., 1790, Svo. 2. Typhus Contagion, 1799, Svo.
634
Frankz, Thomas. 1. Tour through France, Ac,
Lon.. 17-^5, Svo. 2. Eclipses, 1736, 8vo. 3. t>ilesia, 1741, Svo.
Fraser, Alexander, Lord Saltoun. 1. Arrangements
CB C'ivil Polity; rel. to Husbandry, Mines, Fi^heries, and
Manufactures in this Kingdom, Lon. ,1786, Svo. 2. Thoughts
on disqualihcations rel. to elections, 1788, Svo.
Fraser, Alexander* 1. Speech of H. Brougham,
1808, Svo. 2. Account of the Festival of the Free-Masons,
given by the Fail of Moira. the Grand Master, previous to
his departure for India, 1S13, Svo.
Fraser, Alexander, minister of Kirkhill. 1. Key
to Prophecies not yet accomplished, Edin., 1795, Svo.
"Tbisisa work of some merit. It contains rules fur the arrange-
ment of the unfultilled prophecies — observations on their dates —
and a general view of the events foretold in them." — Oniie's Bibl.
Bib.
2. Comment, on Isaiah, 1800, Svo.
"Much li^ht is thrown on passages by the principle here adopted."
— BlCKKBSTETH.
" It discovers much sound sense and scriptural knowledge, and
a talent for criticul exposition, whii h it is to be regretted the au-
thor did not exercise to a greater extent." — Orme's BiU. Bib.
Fraser, D. "Works of Ebenezer Erskine, with a Me-
moir, Lon., lS2fi, 2 V(il.-i. Svo. The Life and Diary of Ers-
kine was pub. separately in 1S31, I2mo.
Fraser, Henry, M.D. 1. Vaccine Inoculation, Lon.,
1S05, Svo. 2. Epilepsy and the use of Viscus Querciuus,
ISilfi, Svo.
Fraser, Rev. James. Loch Ness; Phil. Trans., 1699.
Fraser, James, of Brea, b. 1639, minister of Culcross,
Scotland. 1. Saving Faith, Edin., 1722, 12mo. 2. Cor-
rupt Ministers, 1744, 3. Memoirs of himself. Select
Biog., ii. S9.
Fraser, James. 1. Hist, of Nadir Shah, Lon., 1742,
Svo. This is an interesting work, but we have a better
biography, pub. by Sir Wm. Jones. 2. Cat. of MSS. in the
Persic, Arabic, and Sanscrit Languages, Lon., 1742, Svo.
Fraser, James, 1700-1769, a minister of the Church
of Scotland. The Scripture Doctrine of Sanclitication,
Edin., 1774, 12mo. Several eds., Edin., 1813, 12mo.
Abridged, Lon., 1849, ISmo.
"'Ibis valnaljle worU was edited by Dr. Erskine of Edinburgh,
who prefi.xed to it a short at-t-ount of the author and his father.
It is one of the ablest expositions of this difficult portion of Scrip-
ture we possess; and exposes, with great ability, the mistakes of
Grotius. Hammond. Locke, Whitby. Taylor. Alexander, and others.
The doctrinal viewsof the author will not be relished by those who
are violently opposed to Calvinism ; but the critical interpretation
on which they are founded it will be difScult to overlhiow.'" —
Onus's Bibl. Bib.
'• An able defence of the doctrines of the Gospel." — Bicherskth's
a s.
Fraser, James, D.D. Lectures on the Pastoral Cha-
racter, newly edited by J. F., Lon., 1811, Svo.
Fraser, James. Pilgrinmge to Craigmullar Castle;
with oilier Poems, Edin., 1817, 12mo.
Fraser, James. 1. Guide through Ireland, 4th ed.,
Lon., 1S54, p. Svo.
*• As a work of typography, it possesses a high degree of excel-
lence; aud its statistics will be found available and most useful to
the traveller." — Dublin E. Mail.
2. Guide to the County of Wicklow, Dubl.. 1842, 12mo.
"We cannot speak too hii^hly of this excellent little work; it is
decidedly the best guide- tn the picluresijue beauties of the county
of WicUiow we have i-ver met with." — Duhlin Monitor.
3. Belfast and its Environs, Lon.. 12mo. 4. Handbook
to the Lakes of Kilhirncy. Dub., 1850, 12mo.
Fraser, James Bailie, after travelling for many
years, and delighting the worhl witii his narrations of what
"be saw and was," returned to Scotland to settle on his
patrimonial estate of Rcetig, Inverness-shire, "a quiet
highl.and glen." 1. Journal of a Tour through part of tho
Snowy Range of the Hininia Mountains. Ac, 1820, 4to, r.
4to, and imp. 4to. Imp. 4to, with fol. vol. of 20 coloured
views in the Himala Mountains, pub. at £21.
"Notwithstanding Mr. Frasers ignorance of natural history, in
a country quite now. and full of most interesting olyects in this
science, and that he had no means of measuring heights or ascer-
taining the temperature or pressure of the air; and notwithstand-
ing a want of method, aud a lieaviness and prolixity in the style,
this book possesses great interest, for the scenes of nature aud
pictures of mauueis which it exhibits." — Sltvc}ison':i Vot/offes aTid
Tmv> Is.
2. Journey into Khorasan, 1821-22, 1825, 4to.
''Mr. Fraser, by his intelli,L:once and enterprise, has made valu-
able additions to our knowledge of Persia, and gained a right to
rank as the very tirst to whom we owe a distinct view of any cou-
sideralile part of Persian Chorasin," — jEi^m. Jiev., Ko. 85; and see
Lon. Month. Kev.
3. Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces on
the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea, 1826, 4to. 4. The
Kuzzilbash; a Tale of Khorasan, 1828, 3 vols. p. Svo. Tho
Turkish word Kuzzilbash signifies red-head, but the author
complains that some of the English public mistook his
FRA
FRA
romantic Inle for a cookeo'-bnuk. He tberefure wisely
pub. the continuation under the title of — 5. The Persian
Adventurer, t^ vuU. p. 8vo.
"Itiis work is replefe wiih spirit, interest, and l'>cal information.
It is cine of the most aniinaled and entertaining of our recent
An;j;li> h-ieMt;il romances." — Lon. (hurt JouriKil.
6. The Khan's Tale, 1833, 12ino: ISoO, 12mo. 7. Nar-
rative of the Resilience of the Persian Princes in London,
1835-36, 1S38, 2 vols. er. Svo.
" Fioui thf sulijfft. and from theautbcr. we certainly anticipated
an entt-rtainiiij; puMieaiiun; but we had no idea thateven the lat-
ter wi'h all his Uiienlal acquirements and acknowledged talents,
could have nmde thi* former so very curious, as well as entertain-
ing."— Lmi. Lit. G'az.
8. A Winter Journey (Tatar) from Constantinople to
Tehran, with Travels through various Parts of Persia,
1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Indeed, these volumes can hardly be .surpassed in lively de-
lineations, rapid but graphic sketches, and the excitement of tra-
Telling over strange gmund. with a L'uide eijually reuiaikaMe foi-
the extent of his good-humour and the depth of his inlormatiou."
■ — 2jon. Athfnirnm.
9. Travels in Koordistan and Mesuputamia, 1S40, 2 vols.
Svo.
"One of the most valuable bnoksnf travels which has emanated
from the press for a consideralile tiuie. All the regions \ isited aie
curious and characteristic in their natural features and the man-
ners of the people. We recommend the work to the reader as one
of the best accounts of the countries of which it treats.'' — Lrm.
i<pectiit<>r.
10. The Highland Smugglers. 11. Allee Neemroo, 1S42,
3 vols. r. l2mo. 12. Dark Falcon; or, the Tale of the At-
truek. 1S44, 4 vols. p. Svo. 13. Hist, of Persia, Auc. aud
Mod.. (Edin. Cab. Lib., No. lo.) 1847, ]2ino.
'■ This volume of the >-.diD>iur2h Caliinet Library "ill in no way
be fuuud inferior to its predecessors; the author has had the ad-
vantage of having visited a great proportion of the tract which he
describes, and of thus being enabled to separate the truth from
error or falsehood in preceding accounts." — A.-iaiic Jnitrnal,
14. Mesopotamia and'As^yria, (Ediu. Cab. Lib., No. 32,)
1847, 12mo.
Fraser, John. Thoolng. treatises, Paris, 1G04, '05.
Fraser, John. Second Sight. Edin., 1707, I2ino.
Fraser, John. American Gra-^r^s, <tc., Lon., 1789. ful.
Fraser, John, 1745-lS 19, minister at Auchtermuchty,
1768. Serrns. and Eirsays. Edin., 1820, 12ino.
Fraser, Patrick. On Law as to relations, Scotland,
Edin.. lS4(i. 2 xuU. 8vo.
Fraser, R. Scientific Wanderings, Lon., 1843, fp. 8vo.
"No reader, be he old or young, will rise from the peru.sal of
this handsome little volume without deiiving from it both grati-
fication and instiuction.'' — EMii. Advtiliser.
Fraser, Robert. 1. Agrieult. of Devon, Lon., 1793,
4to. 2. Agricult. and Mineral, of Wicklow, Dubl., 1801,
8vo.
" It is very sensibly written, and prospectively moderate." —
Donaldson's AgHcult. Bing,
3. Gleanings in Ireland rel. to Agricult. Mines and Fishe-
ries. Lon., 1802. Hvu. 4. Letter on Fisheries, lb03. Svo.
5. Review of the Domestic Fisheries uf G. Brit, and Ire-
land. Edin., 1818, 4to. At the conclusion of his list of
works on Fisheries, Mr. McCulloch remarks:
"SirT. C. Morgan has added an Hisfui i.-.-i! Hket.b of the British
aud Irish Fisheries to the First Report r-f th-' ('nnimi-sinni-rs of In-
quiry into the State of the Irish Fisln-ries. folin. iHiliiiii, 1S30. Sir
John Barrow has contributed a valuable article on the Fisheries to
the last edition nf the Encyclop;edia Uiitannica. And there is an
article on the Herring Fishery in the Commercial Lictimiary, &c
But a good work on the history, state, and prospects of the Litter
continues to he a desideratum." — Lib. nf Poh't. Econ., lS4.'i. 'Z'io.
Fraser, Robert W. 1. Moriah ; or, Sacred Kites of
Ancient Israel, Lon., 1849, 12mo: 1851, 12ino.
"The author has a graphic pen, a sober judgment, and a Chris-
tian heart- These qualifications make his volume a very pleasant
one for readers who want varied pictures; an instructive one for
persons who have only the common knowledge of its subjects;
and an edifying one for devout hearts." — Lon. Eilectic Hevicw,
" Full of well-digested information, and equally fitted to enlighten
and to edify." — British Bantir.r.
2. Leaves from the Tree of Life, 1S51, 16mo. 3. Ele-
ments of Physical Science, 1854, 12mo. 4. Turkey, An-
cient and Modern, 1854, p. Svo.
Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat, lfit}7-1747, a native of
Beaufort, near Inverness, a warm adherent of Charles Ed-
ward, the Pretender, and the hero of many remarkable
adventures, wa.s executed for high treason, April 9, 1747,
at the advanced age of eighty years. See Memoirs of his
Life, Lon., 1746, Svo. His Trial, 1747, fol. Memoirs of
his Life, written by himself in French, and now first trans,
from the original MS., 1797, Svo. Life, in Chambers's Lives
of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen, 1833, ii. 378.
Fraser, Simon. 1. Reports rcl. to Elections H. Com.,
Lon., 1791-93, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Burns's Eceles. Law, 6th
ed., 1797, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Case of R. Sherson, 1815.
4. Trial of J. AVatson and four others for High Treason,
1817, Svo.
Fraser, Mrs. Susan. Comillo de Flurian, and other
Poems. ISOll. Svo.
Fraser, Thorn as. 1. Inoi-nlalion in .^nlignn. 175.'», Tifi,
Lon.. 1778. Svo. 2. Oiium Rieini : Mod.obs. and In-i.. KfVJ.
Fraser, \V. TrnveLs in isiltl tVum Italy to England,
Ac, IVom the Italian of the Marquis du Salvo, Lou., 1807,
12mo.
Fraser, W. \V,, Snrgeon-Mnjnr. An Essay on the
Sb(iuider .li.int OperatifMi. 1813, Svo.
Fraunce, Abraham, an English poet (c»'^j. Eliza-
beth, was educated at 8t. Jolin's Coll., Camb.. at the ex-
pense of Sir Philip Sidney; he afterwards went to Gray's
Inn, and was subsequently failed to the B:ir ot llie Court
of the Marches in Wales. 1. Tiie Lamenkitious of Amyn-
tus tor tiie death of Phyllis ; in Engli.>h Hexameters, l.^S7,
^"6^, 4to. 2. Lawier's Logike; cKempUfying the Precepts
of Logike by the Practice of the Common Lawe, 158S. 4to.
After the dedication in rhyme to Henry, Earle of Pem-
broke, occurs an a'ldress '* To the learned Lawyers ot Eng-
land, especially the Gentlemen uf Gray's Inne." The book
generally is in prot^e. The poetical part consists of Vir-
gil's Eclogue of Alexis, trans, into hexameters, aud exem-
plifications to illustrate the rules of logic. 3. lusignium
Armorum Emljlematum, Slc, I jSS, 4to. 4r, 5. The Coun-
tesse of Pembroke's Yuychiirch (pp. 94) and Emauuei,
(])p. 3S,) 1591, 4io. All in English hexameters. Tlie two
are priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., i;45 ; resold by Saunders
iu ISIS, £13 2tf. (i(/. 6. The third part of the Yuychurch,
entitled Aminta's Dale, pp. 122, 15*J2, 4to. In English
hexameters. Bibl. Auglu-Poet., £40. 7. Heliodorus's
Ethiopics, {the beginning,) la'Jl, Svo.
8. Arcadian Rhelorike; or, the Precepts of Rhetorieke
made plaiue, by examples Greeke, Latyne, En<;lishe,
Italyan, Frenche, and Spauishe, 1588, Svo. This is a
mixture of prose and verse.
'- An aftected and unineanini; title. . . . Valuable for its English
exampl.'s," — WarUnCs Hint, nf Eng. Jbet.
Fraunce is commended by George Peele as
"A peerless sweet translator of our time." — rb-m nf Vie Order
nf till' Garlnr. sine anno, sed circa \b9'i, 4to.
"Fraunce shines particuhirly as an EnLdish hexametrist. His
Count*?ss of Pembroke s Yvychurch and his translation of part of
Ileliodoius. are written in melodious dactj Is aud spondees, to the
no small admiration of Sidney, llar\ey. Ac."
Harvey's Commendation— in his Foure Letters and cer-
taine Sonnets — classes him in good conijiany:
'-1 cordially recommend to the dear loners of the Muses, and
namely to the ptnftpsed sonnes of the same, Edmnnd trpencer,
Kichard Staniburst, Abraham Fraunce. Thomas W.ilson. Samuell
Daniel. Thomas Nashe, and the rest, whom 1 affectionately thancke
for their s'udious eudeunur.'; ci>muiendably employed in enriching
and ()n|i>hinL: thvir natiue tonu'ue, ,^c." — Lett, iii,. p 2y. \bs2. 4to,
Galtriel Harvey is so far from being ashamed of his
English hexameters, which have been violently attacked,
that he exclaims, in the same publication from which we
have just quoted,
" If I never deserve any better remembrance, let me be epitaphed
the Jnr'-7)lotir nf the English hexamftt-r! whome learned .^ir.Stani-
hurst imitated in his Virgill, and exct-llent Sir. P. Sidney di.--daiued
nut to f.lluw in bis Arcadia, and elsewhere."
Mr. Park, in quoting the above, adds:
" Ascbam in 1oij4 had well observed that '^ cm-mtm h^ramdrum
doth rather trotte aud hoble than runne smoothly in our Knu'lish
tong.' — Scliolannster. p. 60. Yet Stanihurst strangely protVss.-s in
his dedii-atirin to take upon hira -to execute some part of .Maister
Asthams will, who had recommended cormen vnuhicum while he
dispraised cannni hxanutrum.'" See Marten's Hist, of Kng. Poet.
Some of our modern poets have revived English hexame-
ter— we beg pardon, not revived, but exhumed; as a
mummy is exhumed; — all that makes lile. wauling, and
even the form shrunken and uncomely. Where Soufhcy
and Longfellow have failed, the fault must be in the ma-
terial, not the artist. Mr. Longfellow himself gives :i hjippy
illustration of the subject, when he says that "the mo-
tions of the English Mu?e [iu the hexameter] are not
unlike those of a prisoner dancing to the music of his
chains."
We give an opinion upon the subject, in which our
author is introduced, from an ancient authority j the italics
are our own :
" .\br.iham Fraunce, a ver.'^ifier in Queen Elizabeth's time, who,
imitatiuj; Latin measure in English ver.se, wrote his Iviechurch
and some other things, in Hexameter; some also in He.Nameter
and Pentameter; nor was he altogether singular in thi.s ivay of
writing; for Sir Philip Sidney in the pastoral interludes of his
Art^adia, uses not only these, but all other sorts of Latin measure,
in which no wondi^r he is followed b]/ so few, since thf.i/ v>it}»'r hrcnme
Ihe E)i'jlish, nnr tniy other modern language^ — Phillipi^s T/ieatrum
Pottarnm Aiighcanorum.
The Ciog. DramaL also is greatly disgusted at Fraunce's
choice of metre ;
635
FRA
"He has written several things in the awkwardest of all verse,
thriuu'li at that time grt-aliy in vo-ue. Englisli hexa,n.-ti-r."
Atiu-li „i interest upon this subject may be found in the
Pre ace and Notes to Soutliey's Vision of Judgment, and
in tlie following papers upon English hexameters:
I.N Amer.Rev.,lv.l21,byProf.C.C.Fcdton. 2. Ditto,
Ixyi. 21o; revievv of Longfellow's Evangeline, by same
?n v'o; f;i"''?- ^'^■' '"'-"'^- *22. 4. Elaokw. Mag., Ix.
' '.j.oS, x.^™""'" *'"S-. i-x.xvi. 665. 6. Ditto,
:£xxix 342 7. Ditto, xlii. 62. 8. Boston Living Age,
XVI. 172. 9. N. Bnt. Rev., May, 1863. The reader- mSst
also procure a volume pub. by Mr. Murray of London, in
1847, Svo, entitled English Hexameters; from the German.
By Sir John Herschel, Dr. Whewell, Archdeacon Hare, Dr
Hawtrey, and J. G. Lockhart. Also, Goethe's Herman and
Dorothea; a Tale of the French Revolution. Translated
into English Hexameters from the German Hexameters of
the Author; with an Introductory Essay on the Orioin and
Nature of the Poem, 1849, 1 vol. fcp. 8Vo. "
"Goethe's peculiarities may sbiue out more conspicuou-ily in
some of hi.s other works, but in noue else are they so collected into
a focus." — \V, VON Humboldt.
" Goethe is held, by the unanimous voice of Europe, to have been
one of the greatest poets of our own or of any other time "
■\Vhewell.
"0';' be, simple yet profound, united the depth of philosophical
thou.'ht to the simplicity of childish atTcction; and stiikiu'' with
almo.st inspired felicity the chord of native affection, produced that
mingled flood of poetic medifafionand Individ u,al observation which
has rendered his fame unbounded in the Fatherland-"— Alison.
Frazer, Mrs. The Practice of Cookery, Pastry
Pickling, Preserving, &c.. Edin., 1791, 8vo.
Frazer, Alex. Judicial Proceedings before the High
Ct. of Admiralty, Ac, Edin., 1814, Svo.
Frazer, James. Answer to R. Stewart, 1787, 4to.
Frazer, John, a native of Ohio. The American Form-
Book. New ed,, Cln., 1855.
Frazer, S. Roads of Lorraine, 1729, Svo.
Frazer. See Fraser.
Freake, A. 1. Humulus Lupulus for Gout, Ac., 2d ed
1816, Svo. 2. Addit. Cases, ISll, Svo.
FreaUe, Wm. Secret Designs and Bloody Projects
of the Society of Jesuits, Lon., 1630, 4to.
Frederick, Charles. Idalia, Lon., 1768, fol.
Frederick, Sir Charles. Course of the Ermine
Street through Northamp., &e., Archfeol, 1770.
Free, B. B. 1. Exercises in the Inns of Ct. prep, to
the Study of Law, Lon., 1784, 2 vols. Svo. 2. E.xempla
Erasmiania, 1805, 12mo. 3. New Spelling Dictionary, 1808
Free, John, D.D., Vicar of East Croker, Somerset-
shire. Seruis., Poems, Ac, 1739-86.
Free, John. Political Songster, Birm., 1784, '90, 12mo
Freebairn, James. Life of Mary, Queen of Scots :
from the French of Bois-Guibbert, Edin., 1725 Svo
Freedley, Edwin T., of Philadelphia. ']. Money
how to Get, Save, Spend, Give, Lend, and Bequeath it, Phila
1852, 12mo; several English eds. by different houses; 5th
ed., lSa3. Edited by John McGregor, Esq., M P 1863
12ino. ' '
"This book is American in origin and completely American in
character. No other country could have Bent forth such a work -
so plain-spoken, so honest, so judicious, so reasonable. . Mr
1 reedley s is a capital book, and, considered as a representation of
the dai y dealings of the Americans, it raises them very much °n
voun' The "•, J^' ™-'<,™E';t to b" «ad by all tr..de,^."rd anS
young. The old may find m it ennobling and deli-htful remi-
niscences; the young can only learn from it how & attain^n
obedience to the strictest principles of morality, excellence in the
conduct of business."— ioK. Economist. '' "'■""'"""' '" *"«
"Wo are glad to learn the fact of an entire edition being dis-
posed of in one day."— Zore. Times. »""iou oeing uis
2 Leading Pursuits and Leading Men, Phila., 1856, Svo.
d. Philadelphia and its Manufactures, 185S, 12mo, pn
490. A book of great value.
Freeke, Wm., b. 1663, an English Socinian, wrote a
Dialogue on the Deity, and A Confutation of the Doctrines
of the Trinity, for which he was fined £500 and obli^'ed
to recant m Westminster Hall. His book was publit-ly
burnt. ' •'
Freeland, W. H. Poems, Lon., 1848, p Svo
♦l,!!,!'1 t"'"'^',,'' abound with evidences of graceful and tender
thought, scholarly accomplishment, and poetic fancy."- CA of
Ji^ng. Qiiar. Rpv. ^ ' -^
And see Westm. Rev. ; Oxf. Univ. Herald ; Bell's Life Ac
lof/^o^™''^,'^''"'"''''^- ^' C'^"'''^^'' Restoration, Lon.,'
Ib4b, Svo. 2. Hist, of Architecture, 1849, Svo.
♦1,1' l' '","''*'>"' admitted that he has produced a treatise posses.in.'
8vt^4:^-uti:-::y'^^:^.:-^^^:'-:i'--'
6M '"'"'"''• "'' ^''i°''''fl' L'athedral, 1850, Svo. ' 6.
FRE
Poems, Legendary and Historical, by E. A F and « W
Cox, 1850, Svo; 2d ed., 1S52, Svo.
Freeman, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1647, '54 4to
Freeman, Francis. Serms., Lon., i72'>
Freeman, G., of the Inner Temple Day; an Epistle
to C. Churchill, Lon., 1762.
Freeman, G. Sketches in -(Vales, or a Diary of three
walking Excursions in that Principality in 1823-26, 1826,
Freeman, George. Exhortation from the sin of
Drunkenness, Lon., 1563, 4to
nr^n'r"w"'Tp'""'!°''''- '^'"^ Downfall of the Bailiffs;
or, a Lash for Burns, Lon., 1675 4to
or^brn'l'"'' "«'■"';.« Augusta. Astra-a's Return;
or, the Halcyon Days of France, in the year 2440. From
the French ol Mercier, 12mo.
Freeman, Ireneus. The Reasonableness of Divine
Service, Lon., 1661, 4to. -^^'vino
12mo'^*^™^°' ■'* ^' ■"■ ^"'"' '° '^"""^ '^''''''■'"' ^™'' l^^l'
C!„',',fj"'' l';''.i''''J«»' interested in the present state of affairs in
Southern Africa should, without delay, possess this book."
•.?\^- •^- ^' *™-'' ^' -^"tii's Narrative of Persecutions at
Madagascar, 1840, 12mo.
Freeman, James, 1759-1835, of Boston. Serms.
and Charges, 1832, 12mo. Severely criticized in Robert
Southey s Letter to the Lord Bishop of Limerick, March 6,
Freeman, John. The Comforter, Lon., 1591, 1600
ibmo. '
Freeman, John. Serm., Ac, 1812, '13
^/''''^f "*•".' John D. Reports in Sup. Ct. of Chancery
State ot Mississip., Cin., 1844, Svo
Freeman, Joseph Elisha. 1. F.aith Triumphant:
or, the World Overcome, Lon. ,2. Heaven Anticipated
New ed., lSo3, ISmo. 3. Heaven Unveiled, 18mo. 4. Hea-
ven Entered 1837 ISmo. 5. Israel's Return, or Palestine
Regained, 1840, 12mo.
in'lpnJJJl" ,?».,'""''' P'™™>'f ,to/ead Israel's Return. It accords,
in general, with my own published sentiments on this subject
"Has many valuable thoughts.»-&me, in CImstian Student.
Freeman, Joshua. Lett. totheClergy,Lon.,172'' Svo
Freeman, Josiah Bumstead, b. i826, at Boston.
Irans. and editor of Ricord's work on the V. Disease ; Con-
tributor to the N York Med. Times, Virginia Surg, and
Med. Jour., and other medical periodicals
Freeman, Kenuet. Repertorium Juridicum ; or,
an Index to all the Cases in the Year Books, Entries Re
ports .and Abridgts. in Law and Equity ; also an Alpha-
bet. Table of the Titles referring to the Cases, 1742, fol
f^°" <**'' ii! I> l-'t- »™t- also what has since been pub!
by 1. E. Tomlms of the Inner Temple, 1786, '87 fol
Freeman, Lyon. The Commonwealth's Catechism,
JLon., ibijv, 12ino, '
Freeman, R. The merits of the Craftsman consi-
dered, Lon., 17:j4. Sv.).
Fre^eman, IJichard, Lord-Chancellor of Ireland,
temp. Queen Anne. 1. Reports K. B., C. P., 1670-1704
Lon., 1742, fol.; 2d ed., by Edward Smirke, 1826, Svo'
2. Cases in Ch. and Ex., 1660-1706, 1742, fol.; 2d ed by
J. E. Hoveuden, 1823, Svo. Freeman's cases were 'for-
merly neglected; they .are now more esteemed.
ulS^l°^ "'" ""*" '" '''■e>'man are very well reported."-LOED
" Freem.an's notes are generally good."-LOED LooOHBOROOon.
See ■(Vall.acc's Reporters, 60; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 323
Freeman, S. Medical Works, I776-S9
Freeman, S., M.D. Address rel. to the Universal
Medicine of the Ancient Magi, Lon., 1781 Svo
Freeman, S. Brit. Plaints, No. I, 1797, fu'l
Freeman, Samuel, D.D., Dean of Peterborough,
berms. and Discourses, 1643-1700.
Freeman, Samuel, 1743-1831, of Portland. Maine;
Judge ot Probate. 1. Town OfiScer. New ed., Bosf., 1808,
l.mo. 2. The Massachusetts Justice; 2d ed., ISO-" Svo
3 Probate Directory, 1803, 12mo. 4. Amer. Clerk's Mag.,'
6th ed., ISOo. " '
Freeman, Stephen. Serm., 1790, Svo.
o E,'''";,™'"'' ^''''<'- '• A''' of Horsemanship, 1806, 4to.
2. The Horse's Foot, 1796, 4to. New ed 4to
Freeman, Theop. To the Quakers, 1803.
I-reeman, Thomas, a native of Gloucestershire,
entered Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 1607, aged about 16. Rub
and a Great Cast ; and Ruune and a Great Cast. The
Second Bowl. In 200 Epigrams.
"."." ,"'"\'idd in esteem by Sam. Daniel, Owen, the Kpisji-am-
niafisl, Ui . John Donn, Shakspeare, George Chapman, Tho.' Uoy-
FRE
FRE
wood, the playmaker, and others. To some of whose jud^rments
be submitted his two books of epia:rams." — Atlun. Oxnn.
'• Freemau's ICpigrams are so extremely rare, that except a copy
in the late Mr. Brand's collection, [sold for £4 12s.,] and that in
the Bodleian. I know not where to i-efer for one. On this account
1 have ventured to give the tollowing extr.acts." — Db. Bliss : in
his ed. of AVten. Ox^m, q. v.
Freeman, W. Agst. Calvinism, 1765, 8vo.
Freeman, W. Faucy, or the ElTusions of the Heart;
Poems, 1812, Svo.
Freeman, \Vm. Agst. Col. Codrington, 1702, 4to.
Freeman, Wni. Serm., 1730, 4to.
Freeman. Uin. Of a Woman who had a Stone under
her Tongue; Phil. Trans., 1794.
Freemantle, W. R. 1. .Serm., Godalming, 18.38,
12mo. 2. Address to the Bishop of Lincoln, on the State
of the Eastern Churches.
Freer,Adam,M.D. Ring Worm; in Ann. of Med., 1800.
Freer, George, surgeon. Aneurism, Birm., 1807, 4to.
Freese, J. H. Commer. Class-Book, Lon., 1849, Svo.
".\n admirablecommen-ial instruction-book. ""—G/KSf/oie Citizen.
Freeston, J. H. Soeinianism, Cov., 1812,'8vo.
Freher, Philip. Peace of the Church, 1646, 4to.
Freind, John, M.D., 1675-1728, a native of Croton,
Nortbamplonshire, educiited at Christ Church, O.xford,
was a distinguished classical scholar, and concerned in the
publication of several Greek and Latin authors. His prin-
cip.il professional work is The History of Physic, from the
time of Galen to the beginning of the lOth century, Lon.
Pts, 1 and 2, 1725, '26, 8vo; 1727, 2 vols. 8vo; 1758,
2 vols. Svo. In Latin, by .J. Wigan, 1734, Svo. In
French, by Pomet, Leyd., 1727, Svo. It was censured by
8ir Clifton Wintringham in an anonymous tract. Observa-
tions on Dr. Freind's Hist, of Physic, 1726 ; and by John
Le Clerc in the Eibliothcque Ancienne et Moderne. Its
character, however, stands very high. A Defence of Dr.
Freind's Hist, of Physic was pub. 1727, '28, Svo. A col-
lective ed. of his Latin Works — Opera Omnia Medica —
was pub. by Dr. Wigan in 1733, fol. ; Paris, 1735, 4to;
Leyd., 1 734, and in 1750, 3 vols. Svo. Wigan included in his
edit, of Freind's Works his trans, into Latin of Freind's
Hist, of Physic. Freind had a controversy with Dr. Wood-
ward in consequence of his (Freind's) pub. of Hippocrates
de Morbis Popularibus, and on the subject of the fever in
the small-pox. We have already referred to Freind in
our articles on Alsop, Anthony ; Bextley, Richahd ;
Boyle, Chaei.es.
"Ilis writings were admired, and the notions he advanced ap-
plauded, by the greatest men in the profession throughout Europe,
such as Hoffman, in Germany ; Helvotius and Ilecquet in France;
and Boerhaave in Holland : which abundantly demonstrates his
abilities in his profession."— Bwjrrnp/ii/ in Biog. Brit., q. v.
" As to Freind, I have known him long, and cannot be without
some partiality for him, since he was of Christ Church. He has
excellent parts, is a thorough scholar, and I am told is very able
in his profession."— Lord Bolingbroke : Letters hi/ Parke,
Freind, Robert, D.D., 1667-1751, of Westminster,
brother of the preceding, was also engaged in the famous
w.ar about the Epistles of Phalaris. See Bentley, Richakd.
He wrote some Latin and English poetry, for which see
Nichols's Collection. He also pub. a serm. preached be-
fore the House of Commons, 1711, Svo, and Cicero's Orator,
1724. Freind was a celebrated writer of Latin epitaphs.
See Memoirs of Freind in Nichols's Liter.ary Anecdotes.
Freind, Wm,, D.D., Preb. of Westminster and Dean
of Canterbury, son of the preceding. Serm., Lon., 1755,
4to. Concio ad Clerura, 1761, 4to.
Freize, James. Levellers Vindic, 1649, 4to.
Freke, Freak, or Freake, Edmund, Bishop of
Rochester. St. Augustine's Introduc. to the Loue of God,
Lon., 1574, '81, Svo. See Fletcher, Robert.
Freke, John. 1. Electricity, Lon., 1746, Svo. 2. Fire,
17JS, Svo. 3. Earthquakes, 175"6, Svo. Med. con. to Phil,
Trans., 1740.
Freke, Thomas, Serms., 1704-16.
Freke, Wm. Select Essays, Lon., 1693, Svo.
Freligh, Martin, M.D. Homreopatbic Practice of
Medicine, N. York, 12mo.
Fremont, John Charles, the "Pathfinder of the
Rocky Mountains," b. in Savannah, 6a., 1813, has greatly
distinguished himself by his bravery, energy, and perse-
verance in extensive explorations which '■ have opened to
America the gates of her Pacific empire." Ho was a can-
didate for the Presidency of the United States in 1856; and,
though not elected, he received a large vote, (1,341,812.)
An interesting biographical notice of Col. Fremont will be
found in the Men of the Time, N.Y., 1852, and one in the
Gallery of lUust. Americans, N.Y., fol. Also see Life by
J. Bigelow, ed. N.Y'. Evening Post, N.Y., 1856, 12mo.
Life and Explorations, by C. W. Upham, Bust., 1856,
12mo. Upwards of 50,000 copies of this work were sold as
soon as issued. Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to
the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and North
California in 1843-44; reprinted from the Oflicial Report
ordered to be pub. by the U. States .Senate, N.Y., 1846,
Svo, Exploring Expedition through the Rocky Moun-
tains, Oregon, and California, Buffalo and N.Y., 12mo.
See Emory, W, H, Fremont's and Emory's Accounts
were pub. in London, 1849, fp. Svo. Will be pub., Pbila.,
1859, 2 vols. Svo, Col. J. C. Fremont's Explorations;
prepared by the Author, and embracing all his Expedi-
tions, superbly illustrated with steel plates and woodcuts,
engraved under the immediate superintendence of Col.
Fremont, mostly from daguerreotypes takeu on the spot,
containing a new steel portrait of the author.
"The illustrations had the special attention of Hamilton, Darley,
Schuessele, Dallas, Kern, and "VVallin, comprising masteriiieces of
each of these distinguished artists, and were engraved in the
highest style of the art, under the supervision of J. M. Butler.
*' This work was prepared with great care by Col. J. 0. Fremont,
and contains a resume of the first and second expeditions in the
years 1842, '43, and "44. and a detailed account of the third expedi-
tion during the years 1845, '46, and '47, across the Rocky Moun-
tains through Oregon into California, covering the conquest and
settlement of that country; the fourth expedition, of 1848^9, up
the Kans.as and .\rkansas Rivers into the Rocky Mountains of
Mexico, down the Del Norte, through Sonora into California; the
fifth expedition, of 1853 and '54, across the Rocky Mountains at
the heads of the Arkansas and Colorado Rivers, through the Mor-
mon settlements and the Great Basin into California, — the whole
embracing a period of ten years pas&ed among the wilds of America.
" The rimmS of the first and second expeditions was prepared by
George S. Hillard. Esq., whose acknowledged position as one of the
most accomplished writers of America is a sure guarantee that it
is ably executed.
*' The scientific portion of the work is very complete, containing
able articles from Professor Torrey on Botany, Blake on Geology,
Cassin on Ornithology, Hubbard on Astronomy, &c., illustrated
and compiled from material furnished by the author.
" The greatest possible care was taken to insure the accuracy of
the maps, which fully illustrate all the above-named expeditions.
They were engraved under the superintendence of the well-known
hjdrographers, Messrs. E. & G. W. Blunt, of New York."
Fremont, Philip Richard. 1. Defence of his in-
tended publication on the knowledge of Human Bodies,
Lon, 1722, 4to. 2. Supplice a Sa Majesty Louis XV.,
1754, fob
French, Surgeon to the Infirmary of St. James's,
Westminster. The Nature of Cholera Investigated, Lon., Svo.
" This is one of the best treatises on cholei^ which we hiive
lately read. His theory of the nature of cholera is ingenious, and
is argued with acuteness." — Lon. Med. Tiiit^ and fjaz.
French, Benjamin Franklin, b. at Richmond, Va.,
June 8, 1799. One of the founders of the New Orleans
Fisk Free Library. 1. Biographia Americana, Svo, N. Y.,
1825. 2. Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers, ISmo,
Phila., 1S27. 3. Beauties of Bvron, Scott, and Moore,
2 vols. ISmo, Phila., 1828. 4. Historical Collections of
Louisiana, 5 vols. Svo, N. Y., 1346-53.
'' These volumes contain translations of Memoirs, Journals, and
valuable documents, relating to the early history of Louisiana; to
which h.ave been added numerous Historical and Biographical
notes, giving a full account of the early explorations and settle-
ment of that State."
Two additional vols,, bringing the annals of Louisiana
down to the date of its cession to the United States, are
now (1858) nearly ready for publication. We may soon
expect from Mr. French two vols, of Historical Annals re-
lating to the History of N. America, 1492-1850. 6. Hist, and
Progress of the Iron Trade of U. States, 1621-1857, Svo, 1858.
French, Daniel. The Henriade of Voltaire, 1807, Svo.
French, Daniel, Barrister-at-Law. 1. Protestant
Discussion between D. F. and the Rev. John Cumming,
D.D., held at Hammersmith in April and May, 1839. 2.
Hymnus dies ir», in linguam Gra^cam conversus, 1842, Svo.
French, David, a son of Col. John French, of Dela-
ware, was the author of sis poetical translations from the
Greek and Latin, written between 1720-30, and inserted
in John Parke's Lyric Works of Horace, Ac, Phila., 17S6,
Svo. See Fisher's Early Poets and Poetry of Pennsyl-
vania; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. i. 116, 305-308.
French, G. Advice rel. to the V.Disease, 1776, 12mo.
French, George. 1. Hist, of Col. Parke's Adminis-
tration in the Leeward Islands, Lon., 1717, Svo. 2. An-
swer to A Lett, to G. French, 1719, Svo.
French, G. J. 1. Practical Remarks on Church Fur-
niture, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. 2. The Tippets of the Canons
Ecclesiastical. 1850, Svo.
French, George Russell. 1. Genealog. and Biog.
Hist, of Eng, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Ancestry of Victoria and
Albert, 1841, p. Svo. 3. Royal Descent of Nelson and
Wellington. 1S53, p. Svo.
French, James Bogle. Experiments on mixing
Oils, ic. ; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1765.
637
FRE
T ^\^T^: .''"''"' ^-^^ '"'"-'SS?, educated at New-
Inn-hull Oxf., served n.s physician to the Parliamentary
forces. 1. Art ol Distillation. Lon.. 1641, 'SI. 4to Fo,
rr7^,TJ. .If'"""''^- ^"^- "-i'h-S-The London Dis-
,ller, 165. '67, 4to. .3. The Yorkshire Spaw, 1652, '54,
12mo; Hahfa.v, 1760, 12mo
FRE
lH^M^"""^ '""^ Ingenious treatise.''-^;,. NMson's Eng. Hist.
French, Jonathan, 1740-1809, ministerof Andover,
Mass. .Serms., 1777-1805.
French, Matthew. Answer to Boyse's Serm., 1709
1 -l^,''''',',*-, ' '^•<;''o'as, R. Catholic Bishop of Ferns.
1. Ihe \ nkmde Desertor of lovall .Men and true Friends,
Fans, 16,6. Towneley, Pt. 1, 697, £.31 10».
T "/""i' ■"■■'!.''■''■''' """"-k throws great li-ht upon the rebellion in
Ireland, and particularly on the conduct of Glamorgan and Oi-
mond."— ir,!e/,A,«'s BM. Man,
2. Bleeding Iphigenia, 1674, 8vo.
"This incendiary wrote the Bleeding Iphigenia: wherein he
aTOwedlyjuslines every step made in that tm^terous enferprize
[the Irish Rebellion of I641."]-Bp. McUonS IrM m"£b,2l,
2.2., See Beling. Kichard. ' '
Unkinde Deserter of Loyall Men and True Friends,
Uleeding Iphigenia, Settlement and Sale of Ireland Ac
accnrately reprinted, Lon., 1846, 2 vols l^njo ' ''
French, Rev. R. N. Verses, Lon., "iSOS, 8vo
trench, Hin. Cm. to Memoirs Med., 1782 '<i'>
I'rench, «m., D.D., d. 1849, in his (i3d year,' was
educated at Caius Coll., Camb. ; Master of Jesus Coll.,
1820 ; Canon of Ely, 1832. 1. New Trans, of the Proverbs
of Solomon, with Notes by W. F. and (Jeorge Skinner,
Lon 1831, 8vo. By the same authors, 2. New Trans, of
the Book of Psalms, with Notes, Camb., 1830, 8vo New
ed., Lon., 1842, 8vo.
carSuU:s'ofrhe''pslims?- '^ "'"'"" "" P™"""" ""^ *•>" •>"«•■•
This trans, was attacked by a critic in the London Re-
cor.J newspaper. See a Review in Brit. Crit., ix 404
f rend, H. T., and T. H. Ware, Precedents of
Lonveyances. <tc., Lon., 1846, 8vo.
Frend, Wm., 1757-1841, in 1787 resigned the living
of Madingley, Cambridgeshire, in consequence of having
adopted Socmian views. He pub. a number of works on
tbeology, astronomy, political economy, &c. His Evenine
Aniusements on the Beauty of the Heavens Displayed was
pub. annually from 1804-22.
Frende, Gabriel, practitioner in Astrology and
1592"ac'"' '"""'•■'''''^ '^"'^ Prognostications annually,
Freneau, Peter, d. 1813, long resident in Charleston,
bouth Lan.lina, was a brother of Philip Freneau. In 1795 he
became editor and proprietor uf the (Charleston) Cily Ga
zette, and contributed to it many articles of great literary
merit. He was versed in the ancient and modern lan-
guages, and possessed a wide range of general knowledge
An interesting biographical account of Mr. Freneau, frSm
the pen of Dr. Joseph Johnson of Charleston, will be found
in Duyckincks' Cvo. of Amer. Lit.
Frenean, Philip, 1752-1832, a native of New York
descended of a French Protestant family, entered Nassau
f "' • P^inf.f "°. ^'"'' Jersey, in 1767, and graduated in
J7a. Whilst residing in New York, in 1774 or 1776 he
commenced writing those poetical satires on the royalists
and their cause which have transmitted his name to pos-
terity. In 1,76 he visited the Danish AVest Indies, where
T^}^ i"" "'' '"'* Pi'iiK^'I'il poems. The House of NL^ht
and The Beauties of Santa Cruz. Two years later he was
^ S!m"'/ ,\- -'■'1 '"^ ''° "'^^ engaged in editorial labours
m Philadelphia, having the superintendence of the United
States Magazine, pub. by Francis Bailey. He subsequently
boc.ame a sea-captain, and made many voyages belwee'n
1,84 and 1,89, .and 1798 and 1809. In 1797 he com-
menced the publication in New York of The Time Piece
and Literary Comp.anion— a short-lived periodical,— and
displayed considerable ability in its literary management.
He was for some time Translating Clerk in the Department
of State under Thomas Jefferson, and editor of the Na-
tional Gazette. The attacks upon General Washington's
administration which appeared in this paper are to he at-
tributed to Jefferson and his clerk, if the latest assertions
of the latter are to be believed. After leading a wander-
ing life .and engaging in many literary underlakin.'S, he
perished in a snow-storm, in his 80th year, Dec 18 183''
near Freehold, New Jersey. In 1786," Mr. Bailey jnlb. n:;
Philadelphia the first collection of Froneau's poems, in a
vol. of upw.ards of 400 pages. A second e.l. appeared in
179D, and a third in 1809. A collection of his poems con-
nected w^h the war of 1812, and other subjects, written
between 1797-1S1.5, was pub. in New York in 2 vols. For
further p.irticulars respecting this patriotic poet, we must
refer the reader to the source for which we are indebted
to the above facts— Griswold's Poets and Poetrv of Aine
nca, 16th ed., Phila,, 1855, and to Duyckincks' Cyclo-
pa;dia of American Literature, New York 1856 The
Reminiscences of Freneau by Dr. John W. Francis! in the
valuable work last cited, possess peculiar intere.st
"Ihe productions of bis pen aniiimted his countrymen in the
darkest days of '76, and the effusions of his muse cheered the d.!
lu^dr^f. 'isali'" "' ''''""'" """ ''^"''=' of freedom.-- Jfo„„,<,„,4
Dr. Francis of N. York remarks, in relating his remi-
niscences of Freneau :
I tolT'bi,'nwh'I,T!;'',"v'''-':?''^''S°™' P°^"' ™= 1""e romantic,
hisiri .^ HI,,,' ''*"''' i'^'"^' ""^ ■'''■''''■•> reviewer, sav of
nf I , r^ ' "'■'*,''^'* "■"<■ "ouM arrive when bis poetrv. like that
Ol Uudibras, would command a commentator like Giev'"— i?,-om ,.
pap^ re^ul b,,.„ U.II,.t Sec;, ,./ N. nn.; b,, Mr. E. A. Du/cLZk.
r rere, B. Novels, play.s, Ac., 1790-1813.
Frere, Charles. Practice of Committees in the H
of Com. with respect to Private Bills, Ac, -Westminster,
1846, 8vo.
Frere, James Hatley. 1. A Combined View of the
Prophecies of Daniel, Esilras, and St. John, Ac, Lon
1815 8vo. New ed., 1826, 8vo. 2. Eight Lett, on the
Proph. reL to the last Times, 1834, 8vo. 3. Three Lett
on the Proph., 1833, Svo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib 959*
4. Doctrine of Confirmation, p. Svo. 5. The Harvest of
the Earth. 1846, 12mo. 6. The Revolution— the Expira-
tion of the Times of the Gentiles. 1848, 8vo. 7. Notes on
the Interpretation of the Ap.icalvpse. 1850, Svo- 186'> 8vo
,.T ^c"" n'"^; "'• """• ••"''" "ooliham, of Roydon HalL
Norfolk, 1,69-1846. who filled several important diploma!
tic posts- the most memorable of which was his ministry
in Spam during the Peninsular War— evinced early in life
the possession of great poetical abilities. His excellent
jeu-d esprit entitled Prospectus and Specimen of an In-
tended National Work, by Wm. and Robt. Whistleeraft, Ac
intended to comprise the most interesting Particul.ar's re-
lating to King Arthur and his Round Table, doubtless
suggested to Lord Byron his disreputable poem of Don
Juan. The merit of the Whistleeraft poem is very great,
and the author could have placed his name amon"- the
most distinguished poets of the age, if his ambition had
been equal to his genius. His translation of the Saxon
poem on the victory of Athelslan at Brunnenburgh, made
by him at a very early ago, elicited the following enthusi-
astic commendations from eminent .authorities-
"A translati.m made hy a school-boy in the eighteenth century
of this 8axon poem of the tenth century into the English nf the
ourteenth cenluiy, is a double imitation, unmatched, perhaps in
literary history, m which the wi iter gave an earnest of that faculty
of catching he peculiar genius and pieserving the characteristic
manner of his original, whi,h. though the specimens of it be too
«;;';/ ''if?- I^™ ,»'o"i' nmong English translators."-Sir Janits
Maci.mtosh s Hist, of Kng.
^ZIJ"""^- r'-^c^ft '? Py researches into these matters, with one
poem which If It had been produced as ancient, could not have
been detected on internal evidence. It is the War Song upon the
victory at Brunnanburgh, translated from the Anglo-.^axon into
Anglo-Norman, by the Bight Hon. John Hookham Frere. See
il"!^%';r'°"";t°fS'.«^"'''''°''tr.v,vol.i.p.32. The accomplished
editor tells us. that this very singular poem was intended as an
imitation of the style and language of the fourteenth century.and
was jritten during the controversy occasioned by the poems attri-
buted to Rowley Mr. Ellis adds-' The render will probably hear
with some surprise that this singular instance of critical ingenuitv
w.ts he composition of an Eton schooIboy."'-.SiR Walteb Scott :
SetLi Works'' "" ^mimt Ballads, (writUn in 1S30;) see
Some interesting p.articulars connected with Frere who
was one of the founders of the London Quar. Rov and a
contributor to the Etonian and the Anti-Jacobin, will be
found in Lockharfs Life of Sir Waller Seott, and in Lon
Gent. Mag., March and April, 1846. Frere expressed a
warm admiration of Scott's Sir Tristrem. declaring it to bo
-Ihe most interesting work that has yet been published on the
subject of our earlier poets, and, indeed, such a piece of literarv
antiquity as no one could have, dpriori. supposed to exist "
This eulogy delighted Scott greatly, and he wrote to
Jillis, who had quoted Frere's opinion,
tv,r/r''''''''',f'".'[.'^"''','"'"**erof the ancient style of composition,
that I would rather have his suffrage than that of a who£ synod
of yonrvulg.ar antiquaries."— FW.wy,ra,- and see SoutheyVlife
and Corresp.. and .lliss Mitford's Eecollec. of a Lit. Life
Mr. Frere died at his residence in the Pieta Malta,, where
he had lived for a number of years.
, .f/*^**^"' Ja>»es. 1- Kngland's Perspective Glass, Lon.,
1646, 4to. 2. Com. Law of Eng., 1656, 4to.
J lesselicque, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to.
2. Serm.. Gosp., 1794, Svo.
__Freston, A. 1. Poems, 1787, Svo. 2. Elegy, Lon.
1787, 4to. 3. Discourse on the Laws, 1792, 4to. 4. Evi-'
THE'
deuces for the Divinity of Christ, ISOT, Svo. 5. Serms.,
1S(I9. Svo.
Freval, John Baptist De. 1. Orationcs qufpdam in
Universitii(e Uxonieiisi, habita;. Lon., 17-13, Svo. 2. Vin-
dic. of Dr. Frewer. 171.'!, Svo. This is a vindication of the
Archliishop of Yorli from the alleged misrepresentations
of Dr. Drake, in his Hist, of York.
Frewen, Accepted. La Spectacle de la Nature.
Trans, from .\ntoinc Xocl de Plcuch, Lon.. 17M9, 4 vols. Svo.
Freweii, John. Two theolog. treatises, 15S7, 1621.
Freiven, Thomas, .M.D. Profess, works, 1749-80.
Frcwiu, Richard, and Wm. Sims. Rates of Mer-
chandise, 1782, Svo. R. F. and N. Jickling; Digested
Abridgt. of the Laws of the Customs, Lon., 1819, Svo.
Frey, Rev. Joseph Samuel C. F., d. 1S50, at Pon-
tiac. Mil hij;an. in his 79th year, born of Jewish parents in
Germany, became a Christian when about 25 years of age,
came to the U. Slates in ISlfi. w.t5 for some time a Pres-
byterian minister in New York, and subsequently became a
Baptist preacher. He laboured both in England and this
country as a missionary of societies established for the con-
version of the Jews. 1. Narrative. Lon., 1SII9, '12, 12mo.
2. Vandcrhooght's Hebrew Bible. Pt. 1, IS! I, Svo. 3.Bil)lia
Hebraica. 4. A Hebrew Gram, in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1813,
Svo. New ed., by George Downes, 1823, Svo; 10th ed.,
1839, Svo.
" Mr. Frev's mode of te-aching the Hebrew is very masterly." —
Lnn. Mnnth. Rn:. -V. .5., Ivii. 55.
5. Hebrew Letter and Eng. Dictioniiry, Pts. 1 and 2, 1816,
Svo, £4 16<.; royal paper, £7 4s.; 3d ed., 1842, Svo.
" \ book of more promise than performance, and now entirely
superseded by the valuable Le-xicon of Gesenius." — H'irms Bill. [
Bib.
"The author, at least in regard to Hi^brew learning, appears to
liave continued a .lew. He is a devoted disciple of the Itabbins,
whom he seems to have considered the only authorities in Hebrew
literature. Little appears in his writings of any ac(|uaintance with
the modern oriental scholars, either of the Continent or Great
Britain. As a lar;:;e vocabulary, the book may be of some use to a j
learner; but it has added nothins to our stock of Hebrew know-
ledge as a dictionary." — Ormt's Bihl. Bib.
6. Joseph and Benjamin, 2 vcds. 12mo. This, the most '
popular of his works, is intended to illustrate the points
of difference between Jews and Christians. 7. Judah and ,
Israel; or, the Restoration of Christianity. 1837, 12mo. \
8. Hebrew Reader, N. York. 9. Hebrew Student's Pocket
Companion. 10. Jewish Intelligencer, vol. i. 11. Pass-
over. 12. Lectures on the Scripture Types, 1841, 2 vols.
12mo. See an account of Mr. F. in the N. X. Internal.
Mag., i. 11.
Frick, Charles, M.D. Renal Affections; their Diag-
nosis and Pathology, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Frick, George, M.D. Diseases of the Eye, by TVell-
bank. Lon.. Svo.
Frick, Wm. The Laws of the Sea, with reference to
Maritime Correspondence: trans, from the German of
Frederick J. J.acohsen, (Altona. 1S15.) Bait., 1818, Svo.
" Mr. Frick appears to be perfectly competent to his t.ask. both in
learniu,? and dili,;;ence; and, so tar as he has permitted himself to
appear in the notes, he h;is acquitted himself in a manner very
creditable to his talents and his acquirements." — Judge Story;
N. A. Rti'., vii. 323-347.
"We know of no on" work on general maritime .iurisprudence,
in the whole liiitliotheca le-^um. that we can more strongly recom-
mend."— H'tfin'iu's Lig. Sin., 475: and see p. 471.
Fridegorde, flourished 956, a monk of Dover, wrote
in 956, in heroic verse, the Life of Wilfrid. The old biblio-
gr.aphers also ascribe to him, 1. The Life of St. Audoenus.
2. A Treatise de rauliere peccatrice in Evangelio. 3. Hie-
rusalem supra. 4. De Visione Beatornm. 5. Contempla-
tiones varia;. The Life of Wilfrid, which is e.xtant, is a
metrical version of Eddius Stephanus. It will be found in
MabiUon, AqIo, Sanctorum, Ac. Sa;culum III., pars prima,
fol.,Luteci!e, Paris, 1672, pp. 171-196. lb.; S;tc. IV., pars
prima, pp. 722-726. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-
Saxon Period.
Friend. See Fp.eixd.
F'rierson, Henry. Livesey's Victory, 1648, fol.
Vrike, Joseph. 1. Guide to Harmony, Lon., 1793,
4to. 2. Treatise on Thorough Bass, 4to.
Fringo, P. Treatise on Phrensy. Lon., 1746, Svo.
Frisbie, Levi, 1748-1806, minister of Ipswich, Mass.,
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1771. laboured for some
time as a missionary among the Delaware Indians west of
the Ohio. Orations and Serms., 17S3-1S04.
Frisbie, Levi, 17S4-1S22, son of the preceding, gra-
duated at Harvard University in 1798; appointed Latin
tutor in his college, 1805; Prof, of the Latin language,
1811 ; Prof, of Moral Philosophy, 1817. He was a contri-
butor to The North American Review. The Christian Dis-
ciple, and The Monthly Anthology; and his writings are
FRO
thought to disphaj talents of no ordinary character. Some
of his philosophical lectures, a number of his poems, and
papers first pub. in periodicals, and a memoir of his life,
were pub. in 1823, Svo, by his friend. Prof. Andrews Norton.
Frith, or Fryth, John, burnt at Smithfield, July 4,
1533, was the son of :in inn-keeper at Sevenoaks, in Kent,
He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, and was early
distinguished for his proficiency in learning. His advocacy
of the doctrines of the Reformation caused him to be sent
to the Tower by Sir Thomas More, then Lord-Chancellor,
with whom he held a personal controversy, without any
change being effected in the opinions of either disputant.
Remaining firm to his convictions, it occurred to his oppo-
nents that, if they could not out-argue him. they could burn
him, and this charitable settlement of the m.atter was not
delayed. He pub. A Disput,acion of Purgatorye, and some
other theolog. treatises ; see vol. viii. — containing the writ-
in,gsof Tyndale, Frith, and Barnes — of the Brilifh Reform-
ers, Lon. Tract Soc, 12 vols. 12mo: vol iii. of The Works of
the Eng. and Scot. Reformers, edited by Thomas Russell,
1828, 3 vols. Svo. These three vols., all that have been
pub. of this series, contain; Tyndale's Prologues to the
Books of Moses and Book of Jonas ; Parable of the Wicked
Mammon; Obedience of a Christian Man; Practice of Pre-
lates; Answer to More's Dialogue; Exposition of chap, v.,
vi., vii., of Matthew, and of the First Epistle of John ; Path-
way to Scripture ; On the Sacraments; Frith's Life and Mar-
tyrdom ; On Purgatory; Bulwark against Rastell : Judg-
ment on Tracy's Testament; Letter from the Tower; a
Mirror; On Baptism; Christ and the Pope ; Articles; the
Eucharist ; Epistle.
His Life, and a selection from his Writings, will be found
in vol. i. of The Fathers of the English Church, edited by
the Rev. Legli Richmond, 1807-12, 8 vols. Svo. We h.ave
already referred to the collection of the works of Wm.
Tyndale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes, (see these names,)
by John Fox, the Martyrologist, 1573, fol. See Fox, Jons.
Frith, Rev. W. C. Parish Registers, 1811, Svo.
Frizell, Rev. W. Expositor and Sunday Family In-
structor. 1S12. Ac, Svo. This was a periodical.
Frobenius, Dr. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730.
Frobisher, Sir Martin, d. 1594. an enterprising
navigator and naval hero, was a native of Y'orkshire. He
is generally named as the first Englishman who attempted
to find a North-West Passage to China; but Sir Hugh
Willoughby has also been thought entitled to the head of
the list. See Best, George ; Fr.4VKlin, Sm John: Set-
tle, DlONYSE, in the present vol. Frobisher's three voy-
ages, 1576, '77, '7S, will he found in Pinkerton's Collection
of Voyages and Travels, vol. ,\ii. ; a life of Frobisher in
the Biog. Brit., and some remarks on the errors in the
original map of his Voyages, will be found in Pennant's
Introduc to Arctic Zoology.
Frokelewe, John De. Annales Edwardi II., Hen-
rici de Blaneforde t?hronica. Et Edwardi II., Vita, Ac,
Edit, a Thorn. Ilearne, Oxf., 1729, Svo.
Frome, John Sibree. Serm., 1813.
Frome, Samuel Blake. 1. The Songs in the Opera
of Sketches from Life.Lon.,lS09,Svo. 2. Poems. 181.'),12mo.
Fromento, John F. French Verb.s, Lon., 1796, 4to.
Frommenius, Andrew. Synopsis Metaphysica,
Oxon., 1669, Svo.
Fromondus Libertus. Meteorologica.Lon.,1670,Svo.
Frost, B., of Glamsforth. Serm., 1741, Svo.
Frost, Charles. Witnesses in Civil Actions. 1 SI 5, Svo.
Frost, Charles. Notices relative to the Early His-
tory of the Town and Port of Hull, 1S27, 4to.
" It will, we hope, be inferred from what we have said of Mr.
Frost's work, that we appreciate the labour and research which it
displays."— iwi. Relrosp. I/n:. .V. .v.. 1S27, i. l'.)4-2y4.
"Ihose who are interested in Hull should read Frost's
book, and the review from which we have quoted.
Frost, J. Scientific Swimming, Lon., 1S16, demy Svo.
"If we had no other motive than that kind of anticipation of
possible utility, which the thou;.rbtful will ever connect with the
art of swimming, we should incline to commend Mr. Frost's per-
formance. But his precepts deserve attention for other causes
also. The plates are a considerable advantage to the work."' — Lon.
Library Pinwrama.JuJy, 1816. See also Critical Keview of the
same month, and Monthly Review. May, 1S17.
Frost, John, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb., sub-
sequently pastor of the Church at St. Olave's, Hart St.,
London. Select Serms., Camb., 1658, fol. Prefixed is a
portrait of the author by Vauglian.
Frost, John. Remarks on the Mustard-Tree men-
tioned in the N. Test, Lon.. 1827, Svo.
Frost, John, b. in Kennebunk, Maine, in ISOO, en-
tered Bowdoin College, 181S; passed to Harvard College,
Cambridge, 1819; graduated at Harvard, 1822 ; appointed
FRO
FRY
Head Master of Mayhew School, Boston, 1S23. Removed
to Phila., 1S2S J conducted a private school for young
ladies till 18;^S, when he was appointed Professor of Belles-
Lcttres in the Central High School, which situation he
resigned in 1S45. Since then he has been engaged in
compiling books for popular use. He has published a
great number of works, chiefly school and juvenile books,
and historical and biographical compilations, intended for
di.vtriljution by subscription agents. The Pictorial History
of the United States, 3 vols. Svo, seems to have been popu-
lar, as upwards of 50,000 copies have been sold. The Pic-
torial History of the AVorld, 3 vols. Svo, has also had a wide
circulation. Among the numerous titles of Dr. Frost's books
are Lives of American Generals, and Lives of the Ame-
rican Naval Commanders, Book of the Army, Book of
the Navy, ami many others illustrating American History.
Frost, Qiiiutiii. The Harper, and other Poems, Lon.,
1806. Svo.
Frost, Itichard, d. 1778, aged 78, a Dissenting mi-
nister of (irc.-it Yarmouth, Norfolk. Serms., 1729-52.
Frothin^ham, Nathaniel l.an§;ilon, D.D., b.
17!'3. at Bi'Stnn, JIass., graduated at Harvard in 1811, was
at the age of nineteen appointed instructor in Rhetoric and
Oratory in the college, (the first incumbent of the oflBce,)
and in 1815 became pastor of the First Congregational
Church in Boston. Dr. F. retained this post for the long
term of 35 years, resigning in 1850, in consequence of ill-
health. 1. Deism, or Christianity, in four discourses,
Boston, 1845. 2. Serms. in the order of a Twelvemonth,
1852, Svo. 3. Metrical Pieces, translated and original,
1855, 16mo, highly commended. Dr. F. has also pub.
about fifty occasional serms. and addresses. His principal
poem is a version of The Phenomena or Appearances of
the Stars, from the Greek of Aratus. His translations from
the German have elicited warm commendations from those
best qualified to judge of them.
"Asiui^ular jxrace of expression and refinement pervades the
prose writings of Dr. Frotbinjibam, aud bis pnetry is also marked
by exquisite finish and tiisteful elBgance. His works are among
the beFt modfrls of composition which contemporary New Kngland
srholars will present to posterity." — Oi-iswoUi's rods and Fuetry
of America^ lOth rd., 1855, q. v.
Frothiiigham, Richard, Jr. Hist, of the Siege of
Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and
Bunker Hill. Also an Account of the Bunker Hill Monu-
ment, with Illustrative Documents. Embellished with 16
Maps and Engravings, Boston, 1849, Svo; 2d ed., ISol, Svo.
"The accurate and judicious historian of CharleRtown, Mr.
Richard Frothinghani, Jr." — Edivard Everett's Oi-aiions and
S2>ef:ches> 3d ed.. i. 183.
"In my judgment the Siege of Boston excels any that has ap-
peared on insulated points of our history. It is the best of our
historic monographs that I have seen. Its author has been patient
in research, and very successful; has been most impartial; has
bruught to excellent materials a sound and healthy judgment;
and, after finishing all thin, his work is pervaded with a modesty
whi h leuds a new charm to its merit." — George Bancroft, the
Historian f if the Unikd Slates.
Froude, James Anthony, Fellow of E.xeter Coll.,
Oxford. 1. Shadows of the Clouds, Lon., 1S47. Svo.
'■Mr. Froude is no common writer: his style is vivid and em-
phatic; he touches some of the most secret springs of tlie heart's
passions ; he enchains our sympathies." — John Bull.
2. The Nemesis of Faith ; 2d ed., 1849, p. 8vo: see re-
views in Fraser's Mag., xxxis. 445 : Bost. Chris. Exam.,
{by S. Osgood,) xlvii. y3. 3. The Book of Job, 1854, p. 8vo.
4. Hist, of Eug.: vols, i., ii..l856; 2d ed., 1858; iii..iv., 1858.
Froude, Richard IlurreH, 1803-1836, entered
Oriel Coll., Oxf., 1821; elected Fellow, 1826; Tutor, 1827-
30: ordained deacon. 1828; priest, 1829, Remains,
Lon., 1S38-39, 4 vols. Svo. The publication of these
vols. .which are of the Oxford Tract School, elicited a warm
controversj.
•■ The publication of Froude's Remains is likely to do more harm
than is capable of doing. The Oxf ird School has acted most
unwisely in giving its sanction to such a deplorable example of
mistaken zeal."— Korert Southey : Letter to Rev. John Miller, July
21, 1838.
"Mr. Froude, or rather his editors, appear to have fallen into
the error of supposing that his pi-ofession gave him not merely the
right to admonish, but the privilege to scold. ... A good and
able man, a ripe scholar, and a devout Christian." — Sir Jas. Ste-
PEiEN : thp lives of Whitfield and Froud^^, in Edin. Iter.. 1838.
Frowde, Capt. Neville, of Cork. His Life, Extra-
ordinary Adventures, Voyages, and Surprising Escapes,
Lon., 1708, 8vo.
Frowde, Philip, d. 1738, an English poet, was edu-
cated at Oxfurd, where he formed a friendship with Joseph
Adilison, who took pains to introduce him to those whose
good will would bo likely to profit him, and pub. some of
his Latin poems in the Musie Auglieante. He wrote two
tragedies :~1. The Fall of Saguntum, 1727, Svo; 2. Phi-
640 t= f > }
lotas ; both unsuccessful in representation, yet not without
literary merit.
" Mr. Frowde's tragedies have more poetry than pathos, more
beauties of languace to please in the closet, than strokes of inci-
dent and action tn strike and astonish in the theatre: and conse-
q'is.;.intly they miiiht furce a due ap].lause from the reading, at the
same time that they mii<ht appear very heavy, and even insipid,
in th.* representation." — Biog. Dramat., q.v.
Froysell, Thomas, d. 1672. 1. Serm., 1651, 4to.
2. Serms., 1658, Svo. 3. Serm., Lon., 1658, 12mo. 4. Serms.
cone. Grace and Temptation; with an Account of his Life
by R. Steel, 1678, Svo.
■' A divine of extraordinary worth. Moderation, Blameless Living,
and an excellent preacher, of Clun, Shropshire.'' — Palmer's Nou'
conft-rmists, vol. ii.
if-'ry, Alfred A. 1. Case of the Canadian Prisoners,
with an Introduc. on the Habeas Corpus, Lon., 1839, Svo.
2. Genl. Highways Act, with Notes, 1843, 12mo. 3. Do.,
■with Surveyor's Guide, 12mo. 4. Stat. rel. to Parishes,
1844, ISmo.
Fry, Anne. The Voice of Truth ; or. Proofs of the
Divine Origin of Scripture, 1807, 12mo.
Fry, Caroline. Hist, of Eng. in Verse, 1802, 12mo.
F^ry, Caroline. See Wilson.
Fry, I>. P. 1. Local Taxes of the LTnited Kingdom,
Lon., 1846. r. 8vo. 2. Poor Law Acts of 1S5L Introduc.
Notes and Inilex, 1851, 12mo.
Fry, Edmund, M.D. 1. Spec, of Printing Types,
Lon., 1785, '98, Svo. 2. Pantographia; copies of all the
known Alphabets, &c., 1798, r. Svo.
•'The specimens of characters in this interesting and laborious
work are executed with great neatness.'' — JVatt's liihl. Brit.
Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1780-1845, one of the most
eminent of modern philanthropists, a sister of Joseph John
Gurney, equally well known for public and private use-
fulness, was a native of Norwich. England. In 1800 she
was married to Mr. Fry, and became the mother of a large
family. For an account of her ** abundant labours" in
prisons and among the captives of ignorance, we must
refer to the Memoirs of her which have been given to the
world. Mrs. Fry pub. Observations on visiting Female
Prisoners, Texts for every Day in the Year; new ed., Lon.,
1850, 64mo, &c. 1. Memoirs, Letters, and Journal, edited
by two of her daughters, 1847, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1848.
'* We rise from its perusal with softened yet elevated thouLjhts.
It is worthy — do mean praise — to take its place upon our shelves
beside the more rugged but equally kind and catholic journal of
George Fox, the great founder of the society. ... It is a book to
make a kind man's eye spaikle beniirnautly." — Lon. Examiner.
"A woman of whom her country may justly be proud, and
whose name may well be enrolled among the benefactors of the
human lace." — British Critic.
2. Memoirs of. by Rev. T. Timpson,1846, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1S47; 3d ed., 1853. 3. Life of, compiled from her Journal,
by Susannah Corder, 1853, Svo.
Lady Holland gives us an interesting extract from a
sermon preached by her father, the late Rev. Sydney
Smith, after visiting Newgate with Mrs. Fry :
''Indeed the subject of imprisonment occupied bis mind so
much, that during a visit to town, having been much interested
by the account of Mrs. Fry's benevolent exertions in prison, he
requested permission to accompany her to Newgate; aud I have
heard him say he never felt more deeply affected or impressed than
by the beautiful spectacle he there witnessed: it made him, he
said, weep like a child. In a sermon he preached shortly after, he
introduced the follnwing pasfji^e :
"'There is a spechicle which this town now exhibits, that I will
venture to call the most solemn, the most Christian, the most affect^
ing, which any human being ever witnessed. To see tliat holy wo-
man in the midst of the wretched prisoners, to see them all calling
earnestly upon God, soothed by her voice, animated by her look,
clinging to the hem of her garment; and worshipping her as the
only being who has ever loved them, or taught them, or noticed
them, or spoken to them of God! This is the sight which breaks
down the pageant of the world; which tells us that the short hour
of life is passing away, aud that we must prepare by some good
deeds to meet God; that it is time to give, to pray, to comfort;
to go, like this blessed woman, and do the work of our heavenly
Saviour, .Jesus, among the guilty, among the broken-hearted, and
the sick, and to labour in the deepest and darkest wretchedness
oMife.'"
Fry, H. P. 1. System of Penal Discipline, Lon., Svo.
2. Apostolic Succession, 1844, Svo.
'•We regard this work as a great curiosity; it is far the best trear
tisethat has come under our notice, from the Traetarian school, on
these very difficult subjects; full of Icirning and information of
the riLiht kind." — Church of Eng. Quar. Bev.
Fry, J. Reese, a journalist of Philadelphia. The
Life of General Zachary Taylor, by J. R. F. and Robert T.
Conrad. Phila., 12mo.
''On the whole, we are satisfied that this volume is the most cor-
rect and comprehensive life yet published."— i/«Ji('i- McTcfianCt
Mag.
Fry, James. Sorm., Lon., 1789, Svo.
Fry, John, M.P. I. The Accuser Shamed. Lon.. 1648.
2. The Clergy in their Colovrs; or, a brief character of
FRY
FUL
tlioni, 1650, ISmo. Both ordered to be burned bj the
.Sheriffs of Loudon and Middlesex. 3. Divine Beams of
Glorious Li^bt, 1651, 4to.
Fry* John. Marriage between near kindred^ Lon.,
1750. '7'A. .Svo.
Fry, John. Seloc. from Thos. Carew's Poet. Works,
with a Life and Notes, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 2. The Legend
of Marv, Queen of Scots, and other Ancient Poems from
MSS. of Ihe 1 6th Century, 1804, 4to and 8vo.
Fry, John, llectur of Desford, brother of Caroline Fry,
afterwards Mrs. Wilson. 1. Canticles, or Song of Solomon j
a new Trans., Lon., 1811, 8vo ; 2d ed., 1826.
*• In this publication the author's plan is tirst to give an accurate
translation of the Soufi of Solomon, and to show the nature and
dysij^n of tin- liook. He has availed himself of the labours of pre-
vious traiistatois, especially Bishop I'ercy andDr. J. M.Good; after
the lattt-r of whom he considers the iSong of Solomon as a collec-
tion of idyls or little poems, which are desitjned for instruction and
edilicatioo in the mysteries of our holy reliL'ion. Thoui^h the
translitor has taken much pains in consultiui^ other writers, his
work bears ample testimony that he has not servilely fnllowed
them, but has evidently thnuj^ht for himself." — Home's liihl. Bib.
2. The Sick Man's Friend, Leicester, 1814, 8vo. 3. Pre-
sent for the Convalescent, 12mo. 4. Lcct., Esidan. and
Prac, on Komans, 1816, 8vo; 1825.
" Althou^'h the writer of these remarks can hy no means agree
with Mr. F. in his doctrinal views, he cheerfully adds that it is
almost impossible to peruse a single lecture without being deeply
impressed with the important praclifal considerations which are
earnestly urged upon the reader's attention." — IIorxe.
" Devotional and practical." — Bickerst elk's Christtan Studeiit.
5. Lyra Davidis; or, a New Trans, and. Expos, of the
Psalms, on the principles of Bishop Uorsley, Lon., 1S19,
8vo; 2d ed., 1842.
■' The love of system or hypothesis is carried to the utmost len^ith.
Mr. Fry is a Hutchinsonian or Uorsleyan, to the very core. The
Psalms are not translated, but traveslied. The opinion or system
of the translator rather than a ver.sion of the Psalms, is constantly
obtruded on us. The utmost violence is often done to the mean-
ing of words, to the construction of sentences, and to the design
of the inspired writer, in order to support a useless and nni^rounded
hypothesis. The book contains leaiuiug, and is also orthodox: but
is on the whole an indifferent performance.'' — Orme's Bthl. Bib.
''It is subject to the same defects which characterize all those
interpreters of the Book of Psalms who expound them wholly of
the Messiah." — HoiTie's Bibl. Bib.
"On the plan of Bp. Uorsley and Mr. Allix, but much farther
extended than Uorsley. or perhaps than he justly maintained. . . .
I have found this work throw much light on the I'siluis." — BicK-
ERSTETH.
6. The Second Advent, 1822. 2 vols. Svo.
"There is scarce a prophecy in the Old Testament concerning
Christ which doth not, in something or other, relate to hi.s second
coming." — Sir Isaac N'ewtox.
''Fry's work on the Second Advent is designed purposely to
bring the prophecies together on this subject, and to illustrate
them." — ElCKERSTETH.
"It is generally allowed to be an admh-able work." — XowJ7irf«*s
Brit. Lib.
7. A Short Hist, of the Christian Church, 1825, Svo. An
excellent work, on the plau of MiUier's History.
" In Fry's History we have in one volume a history of the church
at large: but we yet want, in a single volume, a history of the
church in our country to the present time."— Bickersteth.
This want has since been supplied. Sec Baxter, John A.
8. A New Trans, and Expos, of the Eook of Job, 1827, Svo.
"Opposing the rationalists." — Bicker. \tc.lli's Chri&lian StiaUnt.
9. Observ. on the Unfulfilled Prophecies of Scripture,
1S38, Svo.
"A most interesting volume."— Pres6i/('^r/on Rev.
" Many valuable thoughts in this work." — Bicker&tWis Christian
Studmt.
Fry, John. 1. Cat. of Valuable Old Books, including
several Specimens of Early Printing, Bristol, 1814. 2. Bib-
liographical Memoranda; in Illustration of Early Eng.
Lit., 1816, sm. 4to. Only ninety-nine printed, at £3 13s. 6rf.
Some very silly remarks occur on pages 85, 86.
Fry, Richard. Serms.. Lon.. 1795, '99, Svo.
Kry, Sainuol. Serms.. Lon.. 1745, '56, '59, 8vo.
Fry, Kev. Thomas. The Guardian of Public Credit;
a new System of Finance, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Fry, Thomas, Rector of Emberton, Bucks. Funl.
Serm. on Mrs. J. S. Stevens, Camb., 1832, Svo.
Fry, Wm. New Vocabulary of the most difficult
Words in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1784. 12mo.
Fry, Wm. H. Complete Treat, on Artificial Fish-
Breeding. Lon., 1854, p. Svo. AVc have here the substance
of four French and three English books, and trans, of
French reports on this interesting subject.
"The discovery of artificial fish culture claims to show how, at
little c;irf and little cost, barren or impoverished streams may be
stocked toan unlimited extent withthe rarest and most valuable
breeds of fish, from ezgs artificinlly procured, impregnated, aud
hatched."— ^'f^'tfcZ/rfWi Preface.
See copious extracts in Boston Living Age, vol, xliv.,
pp. 21-;i0.
Fryc, C. B. Cutting for the Stone, Lon., ISll, Svo.
Fryer, Henry, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797,
1800; to Trans. Med. and Chir., ISOD.
Fryer, John, M.D. New Account of East India and
Persia; being nine years' travels, 1672-81, with cuts,
Lon., 1698, fol.
" Contitins many curious particulars respecting the Natural His-
tory and Medicine of these countries." — Bibl. Brit,
Fryth, John. See Fitirn.
Fulbeck, or Fiilbecke, >Vm., b. in Lincoln in 1560,
educated at St. Alban Hall, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf.,
removed to Gray's Inn, and became learned in the law.
1. Christian Ethics, Lon., 1587. Svo. 2, Factions. Ae. of
the Romans and Italians, 1600, '01, 4to. 3. A Direction or
Preparatiue to the Study of the Lawe, 1000-20, Svo. By
T. H. Stirling, 1829, Svo.
" Sir Tho. Kgerton. Lord Chancellor, publickly declared on the
bench, 'That he did never read any book of this subject that bet-
ter pleased him for stile and method.' Hie auribus audivi. T [ho]
8 [andersouj Line, llosp., 1000." — MS. Note: see Lowndes's Uibl.
Man.
4, A Parallele or Conference of the Civill Law, the Ca-
non Law, and the Common Law of this Realme of Eng-
land. Digested in sundry Dialogues, 1601-02, two parts,
sm. 4to.
" But this book lying dead on the bookseller's hands, he put a
new title to the first part, as if the whole had been leprinted at
London. Itds, but to the second not, leaving the old title bearing
date ltio2." — Atlifn. Oron.
5. The Pandects of the Law of Nations, 1G02, sm. 4to.
6. Abridgt. of lloman Histories, 1608, 4to.
"A neglected but ingenious writer."~IIvRoiiAVE. t» citing No.^.
Fulcher, G. W. L Pout. Miscell., Lon., 1842, '53,
32mo. 2. Village Paupers, and other Poems, 2ii ed., 1846,
fp. Svo. New ed., 1S53.
" Had Gn]d?mith live<l in these days, he would have written
The Aiilage Paupers; it is Goldsmith Redivivus." — Hood's Mag.
"There is no exag'.'cration, no striving at efi'ect. in this quiet
poem, which is much in Crabbe's style; but the unaffert.-d re;dity
of the thing renders it most heartrreuding." — Chai-loUe. Elizabeth's
Christian Lai.hfs M-ig.
3. Farmer's Dav-Bo«.k, 6th ed., 1S54, 4to. 4. Ladies
Mem. Book and Poet. Miscell. for 1853, 1852, roan, tuck.
Fulco, Wm. See Fi lke.
Fuilbril, Francis, D.D., formerly Rector of Trow-
bridge. Wilts : Bishoj) uf Montreal, 1850. 1. Plain Serms.
on the Ch. of Eng.. Lon.. 1837-40. 2 vols. Svo. 2. Pro-
gress of the Reformation in Eng., 1841, 18mo.
FuUbnl, Wm, See Fulwoop. AVm.
Fnlham, John. Serm., 1749. Svo.
Fulhame,31rs. Essay on Combust inn, Lon., 17 04, Svo.
Fulko. See Grevillk.
Fulke, Wm., D.D., d. 1589. an eminent Puritan di-
vine, a native of Loudon, educated at and Fellow (1564)
of St. John's Coll., Camb. ; Rector of Warley, Essex, 1571 ;
soon after Rector of Keddingtnn, Suffolk. He was subse-
quently Master of Pembroke Hall, and Margaret Prof, of
Divinity. 1. A Goodly Gallerye, Lon., 1563, lOmo. With
new title-page, 1571. Refers to meteors. 2. The Philo-
sopher's Game. This is a treatise on Chess. Lowndes
ascribes these two works to another Wm. Fulke. 3. As-
trologorum ludus. Played after the manner of Cliess, but
with seven pieces representing the seven planets, 4. Serms.,
1571. 5. Pradectionesin Apoealypsium, 1573, 4to. In Eng-
lish by George Gyffard .^r Gyfford, 1573. 4to. (>. The Test
of the N. Tost., translated out of the Vulgar Latin by the
Papists of the traitorous seminarie at Rheims. Whereunto
is added the translation out uf the original Greek, com-
monly used in the Church of England; with a confutation
of all such arguments, glo.=ses, and annotations as contain
manifest impietie, heresy, treason and slander against tho
Catholic Church of God, and the true teachers thereof, or
the translations used in the Church of England, 1580,
'89, 1601. fol. And in 11117 and 1G33, fol., with a defence
of the English trans, of the Scriptures, against Gregorie
Martin, This last piece was repiib. by the Parker Society,
edited by the Rev. C. H. Ilartshorne, Camb., 1843, Svo;
and the same society repub. Martiall's Reply, edited by
the Rev. Richard Gibbing.s 1848, Svo.
Fulke's Text of the N. Test., &c. is an invaluable as-
sistant to the Protestant divine:
'^ This work may be said to imbody the whole popish controversy
respei-tius the Scriptures. And as it gives in parallel columns
the Khemish translation of the Vulgate, and the Bishops' Transla-
tion, it enables the reader to make an easy ccmi arison of their
respective merits. At the end of the voUuue is an elaborate da-
fence of the English translations of the S..'riptures against Gregory
Martin, which contains much curious and learned information.
Fulke was a very able man, and his work is entitled to a place id
every critical library. Mr. [Charles] Uutler, though a Catholic,
very candidly recommends it as very curious aud deseiving of afc
iention:'—Oi-mc'$ Bibl. Bib.
Dm.
FUL
TVe may add that the learned Mr. Butler was dissatisfied
with the " Douay Bible." He remarks :
"Still tbe version is imperfect : a more correct version is. per-
h.ips, at present, tlie greatest spiritual want of the Knglish
Catholics."
"That late elegant scholar and pious divine, the Rev. .lames
Hervey, (though sometimL'S rather too candid and indiscriminate
in his public recommendations of books.) passed the follnwiug
very just encomium on Dr. Fulke's noble performance: — He styles
it 'a valuable piece of autient controversy and criticism, full of
sound divinity, wei!{hty arguments, and important observations ;'
adding,—' would the young student be tauglit to discover the very
sinews of popery, and be tnabled to give an effectual blow to that
couiplicalion of errors, I scarce know a treatise better calculated
for the purpose.' "—ffonu-'s Bibl. Bib.
See Home's Introduction for an account of the contro-
versy connected with this version.
" A very complete reply to the Romanists' notes."— Bictcrsleth s
Chris. Stu.
Thomas Cartwright, q. v.. also wrote a Confutation of
the Rhemish Translation, ic, 1618, fol. Fulke wrote
several other works, iirincipally against the Church of
Fuilager, John. 1. Religion. 2. Doctrine, Ac, 1801,
Fiillarton, Col. 1. Agricult. of Ayr, Edin., 179.3, 4to.
'■ One of the best of the Scotch surveys."— />.«iaWs»«'s Agricult.
Biog.
2. Lett, on Torture, 1806, 4to.
Fullarton, John. The Turtle-Dove, Ac. By a Lover
of the Celestiall Musos, Edin., 166i, sm. 8vo.
'■ Chielly composed iu verse, but of no very elevated character."
^Lowutks's BibL Man.
Marked in a bookseller's cat., about 18.34, £5 5s.
Fullarton, John. On the Regulation of Currencies,
Lon., 1844, Svo ; 2d ed., 1845.
" The volume is one of great merit, and ought to be in the hands
of all who interest themselves in the subject. It is one of the
ablest which the discussions of Sir Robert Peel's Bank Bill havo
produced." — Scotsman.
" With the single exception of the ' Histoiy of Prices,' no work
has appeared so well calculated to suggest important reflections
and considerations on these subjects, or which will so amply repay
the trouble of a careful perusal."- ion. Ecrmmiist.
Fullarton, Wm. 1. English Interests in India and
Military Operations in the Southern part of the Peninsula
in 178'2-84, Lon., 1787. 8vo. 2. Letter to Lord C, 1801,
Svo. ?.. Trinidad, 1804, 4to. 4. Ans. to Picton, 1805, 4to.
Fuller, Andrew, 1754—1815, an eminent Baptist
minister, a native of Wicken, Cambridgeshire, was settled
for a short time at Soham. and afterwards removed to
Kettering, whore he resided until his death. The works
of this excellent man are greatly esteemed. We notice
the principal : 1. The Calvinistical and Socinian Systems
e.xamined and compared as to their Moral Tendency,
1794, '96, 1802, Svo. Repub. as No. 18 of Ward's Lib. of
Standard Divinity.
" A highly valuable publication for the author's masterly defence
of the doctrines of Christianity, and his acute refutation of the op-
posite erna-s." — Wm. Wilderforce, M.P.
"A most valuable work, with much power of reasoning and
unction of spirit." — Bv:ht;rsteth^s Chris. Hlit.
2. Socinianism Indefensible. In reply to Toulmin and
Kentish. 3. The Gospel its own Witness, 1799-1800, Svo.
"Convince him [the infidel] of sin, there is an end of his infi-
delity, root and branch. . . . Fuller in hisGospel its own Witness
has pursued this train of ai-gument, and made the infidel feel the
point of the two-edged sword." — BiclcrstetlCs C/tris. S(u.
4. Memoirs of Rev. S. Pearco, 1800, Svo.
" This is an interesting piece of biography." — Dr. E. Willictms's
Christian Preacher.
5. The Backslider, ISOl, Svo. Now ed., with Pref. by
the Rev. J. A. James, 1840, ISino; 1847, 24mo. B. View
of Religions, by Haun.ah Adams, with addits., 1805, Svo.
The 3d Lon. edit, with the improvements of (he 4th Amcr.
ed., and many new Articles and Corrections throughout,
of Miss Adams's excellent work, was pub. in 1823, Svo;
edited by T. William.s, with addits. and reflections. 7.
Thornton Abbey; being Religious Letters by Mr. John
Satchell, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Dialogues, Letters, and
Essays on various Subjects, 1806, 12mo. 9. E.'jpos. Dis-
courses [58] on Genesis, 1806, 2 vols. Svo.
" Chiefly intended for family use."— WlLLLOls.
" His discourses are not critical, (for he was mostly a self-taught
man.) but they are shrewd, instructive, and touching. He seizes
the principal points of the passage, and often illustrates them very
happily.— Ormc's DiU. Bib.
" Rliich originality of critical remark must not be expected, nor
must the reader be surprised if he often meet with a trite and ob-
vious reflection; but we will venture to promise him. much more
frequently, a manly, judicious, and useful train of observation,
expressed in simple and vigorous language." — Lon. Eclectic Rev.,
O. S., 2d Pt., ii. 896.
" Judicious, evangelical, and practical." — BicJ^crsteth^s CJiris. Stu.
"The author selects a paragraph of convenient length, and fur-
FUL
nishes a concise exposition of its leading circumstances, accom-
panied with a few practical reflections."
" Those who have Fuller and Bush, with a prayerful mind, have
every aid they can desire in the study of this book."— i&n. Evan-
ad. Mot/".
' '-The author of this work has lone; been known by his able
publications on the absurdity of deism, and the immoral tendency
of Socinian tenets."— Borne' s Bibl. Bib.
Serms. on various subjects, 1814, Svo.
10.
-Lowndes's Bihl.
These sermons are much valued by Baptists.''
Man.
11. Expos. Discourses on the Apocalypse, 1815, Svo.
"There is. however, but little novelty in the work, but little to
gratify the anxious curiosity of the age. or to elucidate the unful-
filled and uinre difficult parts of the Revelation. The general outline
of the prophetic scheme is boldly sketched, and its various ramiti-
cations are marked with that precision which was common to the
writer; but iu general there is an extreme of modesty and diffi-
dence, with scarcely any attempts to pass the usual boundaries of
thought on these subjects, or any adventurous flight of specula-
tion."—jtforn's's Memoirs nf Mr. Fuller, where see (pp. 200-260) an
abstract of F.'s scheme of the Apocalypse.
" His Genesis is superior to the Apocalypse ; for the exposition
ofwhichhehad neither sufficient reading nor leisure."— Ormis's
Bibl. Bib.
12. The Harmony of Scripture; or, re attempt to recon-
cile various Passages apparently contradictory, 1817, Svo.
Posth.
"The Harmony contains some judicious observations on fifty-
five passages, written originally for the use of a private friend."—
Orme''s Bibl. Bib.
In 1815, Svo. Mr. J. W. Morris pub. Memoirs of the Life
and Writings of Andrew Fuller. A memoir by the author'?
son, Andrew Gunton Fuller, is prefixed to the complete
edit, of the former's Works, 1831-32, 5 vols. Svo. There
have been also eds. of his Complete Works, 1838, imp. Svo;
1840, imp. Svo; 1S45, imp. Svo; 1852, imp. Svo; 1853,
imp. Svo. There is also an e.Kcellent ed., in 3 vols. Svo,
pub. by the Baptist Publication Society of Phila., edited
by the Rev. Joseph Belcher, well known as the editor and
author of many vnluahle works. See the name in this
Dictionary. Principal AVorks, with a Mem. by his sou,
Bohn's Standard Lib., 1852, p. Svo. Reports of his serms.
and a number of his treatises have been repub. from time
to time. We conclude with some testimonies from eminent
authorities to the value of this able writer and truly ex-
emplary man :
" I am sluwly reading Andrew Fuller's works. He was an inte-
resting man; oneof the wisest and most moral-minded of his day.
He possessed wonderful strength of mind; and is an instance how
Providence can draw forth instruments from the most unlikely
quarters."— Bishop .Tebb.
*' A biographer of Fuller has justly remarked of him, that he
thought with Owen, and wrote with the pointed pen of Baxter."
— Orme's Bibl. Bib.
*' He was a writer among the Baptists, but of the same good
school of divinity as Scott. With a lively imagination and all the
powers of a masculine mind, he maintains the distinguishing doc-
trines of the gospel, and insists on its practical holiness.'' — Bich-
erstctb's Chris. Stu.
'■The Kev. Andrew Fuller has been styled by the Americans.
*The Franklin of Theologv ;' and it is said of him. that all his
writings bear the powerful stamp of a mind which, for native
vigour, original research, logical acumen, profound knowledge of
the human heart, and intimate acquaintance with the Scriptures,
has had no rival since the days of President Edwards."
"■ Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to
familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi-
cal, the profound, the pious, Jonathan Edwards, and those of
Audrtrw Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful
conibin.atiou of doctrinal, practical, and experimental religion."—
Cbunscls to Students of Theoloyy on leaving College, by John Angell
The same author also remarks :
'■ Did our students and young ministers, yes, and old ones too,
know the almost inexhaustible mine of truth in his works, not
one that could afford to purchase them would be without them.
They contain the most entire union of sound Calvinistic divinity
of the moderate school. Christian ethics and religious experience,
not even excepting the works of President Edwards, in the Eng-
lish language."
'' Fuller was a man who.se sagacity enabled him to penetrate to
the depths of every subject he explored; whose conceptions were
so powerful and luminous, that what was recondite and original
appeared familiar : what was intricate, easy and perspicuous in
his hands ; equally successful in enforcing the practical, in stating
the theoretical, aiid iu discussing the polemical branches ol theo-
logv."— Robert Hai.i..
Fuller, Anne. Novels, 17S7-89.
Fuller, Frances A., b. in Mourocville, Ohio, about
1826, has gained some reputation as author of a number
of fugitive pieces in prose and verse. The poem entitled
*' A Keverv" possesses decided merit.
Fuller, Metta Victoria, younger sister to the pre-
ceding, is belter known by the rather fanciful title of
"Singing Sibyl." Of her poetical compositions, "Mid-
night" and "The Silent Ship" may be instanced as pieces
of great beauty. 1. Poems of Sentiment. N. York, 12mo.
2, Fresh Leaves from western Woods, Buffalo and New
FUL
York, 1852, 12mo. 3. The Senator's Son; or, The Maine
Law a Last Refuge, Cleveland. 12mo. An excellent
title, conveying an important truth. But why should
not the ''Maine Law" be the first safeguard instead of
the 'Mast refuge"? 4. Fashionable Dissipation, Phila.,
1854, 12mo.
Fuller, Francis, d. 1701, aged 64, a Nonconformist
divine, curate of M^irksworth, near Banbury, after lf)62,
when he was ejected, preached in various places. 1. 8erm.,
Lon., Itt96, 4to. 2. 8erm.. IT'Ht, 12mo. 3. Medicina (iym-
nastica, 1704, 8vo. Many eds. By sume ascribed to
Thomas Fuller, M.D.
Fnller, H. \V., M.D., Assist. Phys. to St. George's I
Uosp., Loudon. On Rheumatism, Gout, and Sciatica,
Lon., 1852, 8vo; N. York, Svo.
"Wft woulfl prtrticuliirly rt^^ouimend a careful peinisal of Dr.
Fullor's pages."— 7i"". LavcH.
Fuller, Hiram, a native of Plymouth county, Mass.,
publisher and editur of The New York Mirror fur fourteen
years, pub. The Groton Letters in 1816, and in 1858 gave
to the world a series of lively letters, entitled Belle Brit-
tan, collected into a volume, — the first edition of which
was cxl^austed in a few weeks.
Fuller, Ignatius, Three Serms., Lon., 1672, Svo.
Fuller, J. Views in Ireland, Lon., 1815.
Fuller, John. Serm., 1681, 4to.
Fuller, John. Con. on nat. philos., Ac. to Phil.
Trans., 1704, '.-'.S.
Fuller, John, M.D. 1. Recov. of the Drowne.l, Lon.,
1785, 8vo. 2. Hist, of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edin., 17t*it,
8vo.
Fuller, John. The Teeth, 3d ed.. 1813. Svo.
Fuller, Nicholas, of Gray's Inn. Argument, proving
that Eccles. Commissiuners have no power to imprison,
mulct. Ac. 11107, '41, '74, 4to.
Fuller, Nicholas, 1557-1622, a native of Southamp-
ton, educated at Hart Hall. Oxf., became Rector of Ailing-
ton, Wiltshire, Preb. of Salisbury, and Rector of Bishop-
Waltbam, Hampshire. Miscellanea Theolugica, lib. iii.,
Heidelb., 1612, Svo. Pub. with a 4th bo'.k, Oxou., 1616,
4to; Lon., 1617, 4to. Pub., with 5tb and 6th bouk.s— Mis-
cellanea Sacra, cum Apologia coutra V. cl. Johau Dru-
sium, Lugd. Bat., 1622, 4to. Leyd, 1650, 4to.
" All which Miscellanies are remitted into the ninth vol. of the
Critics, [Critica Sacra.] and scattered and dispersed through the
whole work of M. Pool's Syunpsis.'" — Athen. Oxun.
" The author was one of the best oriental scholars of his time.
The six books of the Miscellanea include a cousiderable number
of curious and important di.scussions." — Ormc's B,bl. Bib.
" Urusius, the BelM:iau critic, ^'rown old, angry, and jealous that
he should be outshined in his own sphere, foully cast some drops
of ink upon him, which the other as fairly wiped off again." —
FuJkr's Worthier of Hampshire.
Fuller had never even seen the books of Drusius.
'• Nicholas Fuller, the most admired critic of his time."— J^^ico.
O.rorj. See Bliss's ed. for a notice of some other works of this
author.
Fuller, Richard, b. 1808, at Beaufort, S. Carolina,
an eminent Baptist minister, was formerly one of the most
prominent lawyers of his native State. He has been in the
ministry for many years, and since 1847 has been con-
nected with the Seventh Baptist Church in Baltimore.
1. Corresp. with Bishop England concerning the Roman
Chancery, Bait., 12mo. 2. Corresp. with Dr. Wayland.
3. Serms. 4. Letters. 5. An Argument on Baptist and
close Communion, Richmond, 1849, 12mo. 6. The Psalmist,
with Supp. by R. F., and J. B. Jeter, Best, various sizes.
This hymn-book is in general use among the Baptists in
the U. States, and has been introduced into the British
Provinces and London.
Fuller, S. Margaret. See Ossoli, Marchesa d'.
Fuller, Samuel. 1. Serm., 1682, 4to. 2. Canonica,
1690, 4to.
Fuller, Stephen. Jamaica Acts, Ac., 1788, '89, 4to.
F'uller, Thomas, 1608-1661, a native of Aldwinckle,
Northamptonshire, at the early age of twelve entered
Queen's Coll., Camb., and studied with such perseverance
that he took the degree of A.B. in 1624, and that of A.M.
in 1628. In 1631 he became Fellow of Sidney Coll., and
in the same year was made Prebendary of Salisbury, after
astonishing his hearers with his eloquence from the pulpit
of St. Bennet's, Cambridge : and not long after was re-
warded by the Rectorship of Broad-Windsor, Dorsetshire.
Upon the death of his first wife, about 1641, he removed
to Loudon and became minister of the Savoy. We may here
mention that, after remaining a widower for thirteen years,
he was, in 1654, married to a sister of Viscount Baltin-
glasse. After Charles had quitted London, (in 1642,)
Fuller preached a sermon in which he displayed both his
FUL
loyalty and the love of pertinent illustration which is ob-
servable in his works. To the great indignation of the
Parliamentarians, he gave out his text, *' Yea, let him take
all, so that my lord the king return in peace."
This sermon was published, and brought the good
preacher into disrepute with those whose purposes would
not have been furthered by *' bringing the king again in
peace." Nothing daunted, when the Royalists took up
"carnal weapons"' to defend their sovereign, Fuller joined
the army as chaplain, and, not content with praying f«r
the success of his soldiers, he so excited their courage by
his exhortations, that Sir William Waller was obliged to
raise the siege of Basinghouse with great loss. This is
just what one would expect from the hearty, vigorous,
genial tone of the author of the Worthies of England. As
regards its propriety, we are not called upon to express an
opinion. After the surrender of Exeter, in April, 1646, he
removed to London, where he found his lecturer's [ilaee
filled by another preacher. ]Iis eloquence, however, was
too well known to permit of his being long without em-
ployment. He was soon chosen lecturer at St. Clement's
Lane, near Lombard Street; removed to St, Bride's in
Fleet Street; was, in 1648, presented to the living of
Waltham in Essex, which he left in 1658 for that of Cran-
ford, Middlesex; recovered his prebend at the Restora-
tion, readmitted to his Lectureship at the Savoy, and
died in the year following. His principal works are the
following ;
1. I)avid's Ilainous Sinne, Heartie Repentance, Heavio
Punishment; a Poem, 1631. This, his first publication, a
tract of 46 leaves, is now very rare. Bindley, £5 15s. 6d.
Hjlibert, same copy, £6 6s. 2. The Historic of the Holy
Warre. Camb., 16^9, '40, '42. "47, '51, f.il., with the Holy
State, 1652, fol. Holy Warre, new ed., Lon., 1840, sm. Svo.
3. The Holy and Profane State; a collection of Characters,
Moral Essays, and Lives, ancient, foreign, and domestic,
Camb., 1642, '48, '52, '58, fol. New ed,, 1840, Lon., sm.
8vo. By Jas. Nichols, 1841, Svo.
'■ Perhaps upon the whok- it is the hest of his works; and cer-
tainly displays to better advantage than any, his origiuiil and vi-
jj;oroua powers of thinkiug. It consists of two parts — the II"l;j nnd
tht' Pri'finie Stutf : the former proposinj; examples for our imitation ;
and the latter their opposites, for our abhorrence. Each contains
characters of individuals in every department of life, as • the fiither,'
' husband,' ' soldier," and ' divine ;' lives of eminent persons as illus-
trative of these characters; and general essays. In his conception
of character he has followed Bishop Earle and Sir Thomas Dver-
bury, but his manner of writing is essentially dillereut." — Lon.
Jtetrosp. Hrv., 18iil, iii. 55.
The Holy State contains — Lives of Monica, Abraham,
Eliezer, Lady Paula, Hildegardis, Paracelsus, Br.AVhitaker,
Julius Scaliger, Perkins, Dr. Metealf, Sir Francis Drake,
Camden, Haman, Cardinal Wolsey, C. Brandon, Duke of
Brandon, Lord Burleigh, Sir John Markham, St. Augustin,
Bishop Ridley, Lady Jane Grey, Queen Elizabeth, Gustu-
vus Adolphus, Edward the Black Prince.
The Profane State contains — Lives of Joan Queen of
Naples, Joan of Arc, Ctesar Burgia, John Audronicus, the
Duke of Alva.
4. Good Thoughts in Bad Times, Exeter, 1645, 12mo;
Lon., 1646, 18mo; 1810, ISmo. The first fruits of the
Exeter press. Fuller t<?lls us. 5. Good Thoughts in Worse
Times, Lon., 1640, 16mo; 1647. 6. Mixt Contemplations
in Better Times, 1660, 12mo. A new ed. of Nos. 4, 5, and
6, in one ISmo vol., 1830. Nos. 4 ai\d 5 pub. together,
1669, 12mo.
7. Audronicus; or, the Unfortunate Politician, 1649, Svo.
"This is one of the least-known, if not the rarest, of the produo-
tions of the quaint writer whose name it bears. . . . The subject
of this piece is the usurpation of Androuii'us, an obscure portion
of the history of the Eastern empire which the writei' has chosen
for the purpose of moralizing its facts and epigrammatiziug the
records that remain concerning it." — Lon. Itetrosp. liev., 1827,
N. X, i. 39G.
8. A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine, and the confines thereof,
with the Hist, of the 0. and N. Tests, acted thereon. With
Plates, 1650, '62, fol.
'• This is one of the most curious works ever written on the Scrip-
tures. . . . ThoViewof Palestine is not a mere gf"t,'r:iphual work;
it contains many things relating to Jewish aiitiiiiiiti.s, aiul to the
manners and customs of the people, and incidi-ntally illustrates a
number of passages of Scripture." — Or7ne''s Bib!. Bib.
9. The Church History of Britain from the birth of Christ
to 1648, 1655, fol. Contains a Hist, of the Univ. of Camb.
from the Comiuest to 164;!, and of Waltham Abbey. A
new ed. of the Church Hist., with the author's corrections,
edited by James Nichols, 1837, 3 vols. Svo; 1842, 3 vols.
Svo. Edited by the Rev. J. S. Brewer, 1845, 6 vols. Svo.
" It is divided into eleven books, whereof the sixth gives the
history of the allies of England from the first rise of monkery to
the final eradication of it under Henry the Eighth. These are
subdivided into lesser sections, which are severally dedicated to
rcL
FUL
such patrons as were most likely to make their due acknowledg-
ments to the author. Nor were these infant lords and rich alder-
men the only people he designed to flatter. He was to make his
court to the powers then in fashion; and he well knew nothing
would be more i^rateful to them, than squinting reflections on the
manu;^ement of the late king's chief ministers of state, eminent
churchmen, tic. For such misbehaviour as this, he was severely
taken to task by Teter Ileyliu, in his Examen Ilistoricum; to
which was added Dr. Cosin's Apolo^jV: in answer to some passages
io that history whiL-h concerned himself. . . . Even the most se-
rious and most authentic parts of it are so interlaced with pun
and quibble, that it looks as if the man had designed to ridicule
the annals of our church into fable and romance. . . . There are
in it some things of moment, hardly to be had elsewhere, which
may often illustrate dark passages in more serious writers." —
Bi^hnp XicoUon's Enr/. Hid. Lib., 96.
"liishop Nicolsonwas too censorious upon Dr. Fuller's Church
History.'" — Bing. Brit., q. v.
" There are only two writers of the genuine History of our Church
who deserve the name of historians. Collier and Fuller." — Bishop
WUrburton's Directiims to a Stnilrnt in Tlieology.
*' Quaint and witty, but sensible, pious, candid, and useful; an
invaluable body of information to the death of Charles the First."'
—Bickerstelh's Christian Stud'tnt.
"The historical works of Fuller are simply a caricature of the
species of composition to which they professedly belong; a syste-
matic violation of all its proprieties. The gravity and dignity of
the historic muse are continually violated by him. But not only
is he continually cracking bis jokes and perpetrating his puns;
his matter is as full of treason against the laws of history as his
manner. . . . Never was there such a medley. First, each book
and section is introduced by a quaint dedication to one or other
of his many admirers or patrons. Nicolsou in his English Uisto-
rical Library is rather severe ou his motives for such a multiplica-
tion of dedication. Second, the several paragraphs into which the
Church History is divided, (most ofthem introduced by some quaint
title.) are many of them as little connected with church history as
with the history of China. Thus, in one short * section,' comprising
the period from 1330 to 1301. we find 'paragraphs' relating to the
'ignorance of the English in curious clothing — to 'fullers' earth,'
which, he tells us,' was a precious commodity' — to the manufacture
of 'woollen cloth,' and to the sumptuary laws which 'restrained
excess in apparel.' Here is a strange mixture in one short chapter."
— Henry Hooers: Edi7i. liev., Ixxiv. 352-53, and in his Essays.
'•AH the charms of Snuthey's prose may please you in his Book
of the Church; on turning to the old church historian, Thomas
Fuller, you may find in his History of the Church in Great Britain
(one of the most remarkable works in the language) the varied
powers of learning, .sagacity, pathos, an overtiowing wit, humour,
and imagination, all animating the pages of a church history." —
Henry Reed's LpcIs. on Eng. Lit., Phila., 1S55, 12mo.
10. The Appeal of Injured Innocence, 1659, fol.
''Soon after [the publication of Heylin's Examen Historicum]
Tb. Fuller came out with a thin fol., full of submission and ac-
knowledgment, entit. The Appeal of Injured Innocence." — Athcn.
Oxon.. q. V.
This volume is necessary to complete The Church His-
tory by the same author. The Appeal of Injured Inno-
cence is a running commentary on each of the eleven
books of The Church History.
" It embraces almost every topic within the range of human dis-
quisition, from the most sublime mysteries of the Christian reli-
gion and the great antiquity of the Hebrew and Welsh languages,
down to ■ the tale of a tub,' and criticisms on Sbakspeare's perver-
sion of the character of Sir John Falstaff."
New ed. of the Hist, of the Univ. of Camb., edit, by
Prickett and Wright, IS40, 8vo. The Hist, of the Univ.
of Camb., of Waltham Abbey, and the Appeal of Injured
Innocence, edit, by James NicbolSj IS-iO, Svo. See Bishop
Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 129.
11. Hist, of the Worthies of England, 16fi2, fol. Posth.;
pub. by his son. New ed., with Notes by John Nichols,
1811, 2 vols. 4to.
The learned and industrious editor of this present edition
was assisted by Mr. Bindley, Mr. Malone, Mr. Alex. Chal-
mers, Sir Henry Ellis, Dr. Bliss, Sir Egerton Brydges, nud
the indefatigable author of Cathedral Antiquities, Mr.
John Britton.
With Notes, Indexes, &c., by P. Austin Nuttall, LL.D.,
ISiO, 3 vols. Svo.
Bishop Nicolson is as severe upon this entertaining work
as he is upon the Church History:
" It was huddled up in haste, for the procurement of some mode-
rate profit for the author, though he did not live to see it published.
It corrects many mistakes in his ecclesiastical history; but makes
more new ones in their stead." — Ettg. Hist. Lib . t.
But see a defence of Fuller in the Biog. Brit. His bio-
grapher there very pertinently reminds us of Fuller's own
I>lea for himself, when excusing John Fox's error in assert-
ing Marbeck to have been burnt at the stake, when Mar-
beck "lived" — for all that we know to the contrary — "a
prosperous gentleman:"
" And it is impossible for any author of a voluminous hook, con-
sisting of several persons and circumstances, (Re^^der, in pleading
for Master Foxe I plead for myself.) t^ have such ubiquitary intelli-
gence, as to apply the same infallibility to every particular."
'* His Worthies is, we believe, more generally perused than any
of his productions, and is perhaps the most agreeable; suffice to
say of it. that it is a most fascinating storehouse of gossiping, anec-
dote, and quaintness; a most delightful medley of interchanged
644
amusement, presenting entertainment as varied as it is inexhaust-
ible. His Good Thoughts in Bad Times, and lesser works, are all
equally excellent in their way, full of admirable maxims and re-
flections, agreeable stories, and ingenious moralizations. It was,
hs^^ever. in biography that Fuller excelled."' — Lon. Retrosp. Rev.,
18*21, iii. M.
Our Dictionary is greatly indebted to the Worthies of
England, as our fretjuent acknowledgments testify.
The Catalogues of the SheriflFs and the lists of the Gentry,
as they were returned from tlie several counties in the
twelfth year of Henry the Sixth, are very useful.
But we have already given to honest Fuller more space
than we can well afford, and must dismiss him after the
citation of two or three more testimonies of his general
excellence as a writer.
•' Next to Shakspeare, I am not certain whether Thomas Fuller,
beyond all other writers, does not excite in me the sense and emo-
tion of the marvellous; the degree in which any given faculty, or
combination of faculties, is possessed and manifested, so tar sur-
passing what we would have thought passible in a single mind, as
to give one's admiration the flavour and quality of wonder. Fuller
was incomparably the most sensible, the least prejudiced great man
of an age that boasted of a galaxy of great men. In all his nu-
merous volumes, on so many different subjects, it is scarcely toe
much to say. that you will hardly find a page in which some one
sentence out of every three does not deserve to be quoted for Itself
as a motto or as a maxim. . . . Fuller, whose wit {alike in quan-
tity, quality, and perpetuity, surp;issing that of the wittiest in a
witty agej nibbed him of the praise not less due to hiui for an
equal superimity in sound, shrewd, good sense, and freedom of
intellect." — S. T. Coleridge.
'•A man of fancy.'* — BiSBOP Burxet.
"The writings of Fuller are usually designated by the title of
quaint, and with suificient reason; for such was his natural bias
to conceits, that I doubt not, upon most occasions, it would have
been going out of his way to have expressed himself out of them.
But his wit is not always lumen siccum, a dry tiiculty of surpris-
ing ; on the contrary, his conceits are oftentimes deeplv steeped in
human feeling and passion. Above all, his way of telling a story,
for its eager liveliness, and the perpetual running commentary of
the narrator happily blended with the narration, is perhaps un-
equalled."— Charles Ij^mb.
See the authorities cited above, and an article on Fuller
and his Writings, in the Boston Christian Examiner :
highly landed by an eminent English authority. The
reader must procure, also. Memorials of the Life and Writ-
ings of Thomas Fuller, by the Rev. Arthur T. Russell, Vicar
of Caxton, Cambridgeshire. Lon., 1844, sm. Svo. And see
Broome, Rev. AnrnuR, in this Dictionary.
Fuller was remarkable for his piety, his wit, his kind-
ness of heart, his learning, his conversational powers, and
his wonderful memory.
'• He had a memory so vastly comprehensive that he is deservedly
known for the first inventor of that noble art [memoria technics:
but this was known to the ancients] whereof he left no rules be-
hind him, but many extraordinary jiroofs; as. after a walk from
Temple-Bar to the furthest conduit in Cheapside his repeating all
the signs on both sidesof the way, orderly, without missing or mis-
placing one; and so he would do by the words of diHerent languages
to any number; [500, at least, after twice hearing them, it has been
stated:] to the great astonishment of his hearers." — Bing. Brit.
Fuller, Thomas, M.D.. 1654-1734, honourably dis-
tinguished for his kindness to the poor, (see Cotton Mather's
Essays to do Good,) was educated at Queen's ColL, Camb.,
and practised at Sevenoaks, Kent. 1. Pharmacopoeia Ex-
temporanea, Lon., 1701, Ac, Svo. Trans, into French and
German. 2. Pharmacopceia Bateana, 171S, <fcc., 12mo.
3. Pharmacopceia Domestica, 1725, &e., Svo. 4. Introduc-
tio ad Prudentiam, 1726-27, Svo; 1743, with an addit,
vol., 2 vols. New ed., recently pub., 12mo. 5. Introduc-
tio ad Sapientam, 1731, 12mo. 6. Exanthemalogia, 1730,
4to. 7. Adagies, Proverbs, Wise Sentiments, and Witty
Sayings, ancient and modern. Foreign and British, 1732,
12mo. 8. Family Dispensatory, 173S, Ac, Svo. We sub-
join the epitaph in Sevenoaks Church, made by Dr. Fuller
on himself:
"Ante obitum felix canto epicedia nostra:
Octoginta annos sum passus Iristia terrie;
Mors dabjt his finem. uiecum hehmiinie amici;
iEternum posthac ccelorum laeta teneho."
See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Fuller, Thomas, Journal, &,c. on board Cavendish's
ship, the Desire, See Callander's Voyages, i. 471, 1766.
Fuller, Thomas, D.D. The Causes and Cure of a
Wounded Conscience. ISIO, 12mo.
Fuller, \Vm. Serra., Lon., 162S, 4to.
Fuller, Mm. Ephemeris Parliamentaria, Lon., 1654,
'63, '81, fol.
Fuller, Mm. Tracts rel. to the Pretended Prince of
Wales. Ac. Lnn.. 1702-16.
FullertOH, Col. Views in the Ilimalaya and Neil-
gherry Hills: 24 plates, Lon., 1S4S, 4to.
Fu'llertou, Alex. Toleration; aSerm., Abcrd., 17S4.
F-ullerton, I^ady Georsjiana, oneof the most popu-
lar of modern English novelists. 1. Ellen Middleton; a
Tale, 2a ed., Lon., 1844, 3 vols. p. 3vo.
FUL
"We scarcely know a Action of the last ten years that so com-
pletely takes hold of the reader as Ellen Middleton." — Mrs. Hale's
Ifoiium's Bccord,
2. Grantley Mnnor, lS-17, 3 vols. p. 8vo ; 2ded.,lS54,12mo.
"The author is perhaps too elaborate io her diction, and is stirred
too ofton by an ambition for the superfine, to c;itch that tlo\Yini;
felicity of style which should be the aim of the novelist — a style
in which sentences should only represent thought or fact, and
never dazzle away attention from the matter they convey. But
with some faults of manner, and some llunders in plot, the novel
evinces considerable dramatic power, .ind has a number of striking
characters. The interest is well sustained, though rapidity of
movement in the story is ever subsidiary to completeness of de-
lineation in the characters."— E. P. Whipple: Essays, ii. 405.
" G i-antley Manor is the title of an exceedingly interesting volume,
whicli we have read with more than ordinary pleasure. The style
is elegant^ the story, which involves a succession of mysteries and
cross-purposes, is well developed, and the scene and character paint-
ing is full of spirit and truth. The authoress is certainly a woman
of genius, which she has used to excellent purpose." — Sniitliern
Literari/ Messtngin-.
3. Lady-Bird; a Tale, 1352, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Fullmer, or Fulmer, Samuel. The Young Gar-
dener's Best Companion for the Kitchen and Fruit Garden,
Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Fullom, S. W., a modern author, enjoying great popu-
larity. 1. The Daughter of Night, Lon., 1851,3 vols. p. Svo.
" A most powerfully-told and fascinating ia.\e."—J')lm Bull.
2. The Marvels of Science, and their Testimony to Holy
Writ, 3d ed., 1S52, p. Svo; 8th ed., 1854; 9th ed., 1855.
"Genuine service has been done to the cause of revelation by
the i«sue of such a book." — Lon. Globe.
3. The Great Highway ; 3d ed., 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo.
4. The Human Mind, 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo.
l<"ullwood, Francis, D.D., Archdeacon of Totness,
in Devon. Vindicite Slediorum et Mediatoris, Lon., IGol,
Svo. He also pub. some serais., and several discourses in
defence of the Ch. of Eng. and against the Ch. of Rome.
Of these, Roma ruit; the pillars of Rome broken, was re-
pub, in 1S47, Svo. edited by Mr. C. Hardwicli.
Fullwood. Wm. Sec Fulwood.
Fulman, Wm., 1632-1688, anative of Kent, educated
at Oxford through the kindness of Dr. Hammond, attained
some eminence as an antiqunry. 1. Academire 0-\ouiensis
Notitia, Oxon., 1665, 4to. With Addits. and Correct, from
Wood's Latin Hist., 1675, 4to. 2. Appendix to the Life
of E. Stanton, D.D., Lon., 1673. 3. Rerum Anglicanum
Seriptorum Veterum.
"Done with greater accuracy than Gale's two volumes."— LovE-
CAY, irt Bliss's Wtjod's Atfien. Ojon.; where see a further account
of Fulman's literary labours.
He made some observations on, and corrections of, Bur-
net's Hist, of the Reformation, some of which are appended
to that work. He also edited the works of Charles I. and
of Dr. Hammond.
P'ulmer, Samuel. See Fullmer.
Fulthrop, Christopher. The Practice of a Devout
Christian, Lon., 174S, Svo.
Fulton, George, pub. a number of valuable books
upon spelling, ttc, and, in conjunction with C. Knight,
gave to the world a Pronouncing and Explanatory Dic-
tionary, first pub. in 18U2, 12mo, which is still highly
esteemed; the last ed. was issued in 1843, 12mo. Mr. F.
also pub. Johnson's Diet, in Miniature, which passed
through a number of eds.
" In point of notation, quantity, and syllabication. Mr. Fulton's
system is. in our opinion, decidedly superior to auy which has yet
been adopted in Spelling-books and Dictionaries." — Britis/t Critic.
r Sketches in various Countries,
Fulton, H. Trave
Lon., 1S40, 2 vols. 12mo.
Fulton, J. W. Brit.-Indian Book-Kceping, 1804, Svo.
Fulton, Kev. John. See Brown, Thomas, and the
notice of Olshauscn's Comment.
Fulton, Levi S. Sec Eastman, G. W.
Fulton, Robert, 1765-1815, a native of Little Bri-
tain, Pennsylvania, has linked his name indissolubly with
improved steam navig.-ition. For an account of his life
and labours we must refer the reader to his biography in
Sparks's Araer. Biog., 1st series, x. 1-89, written by James
Renwick, LL.D., and to C. D. Colden's Life of Fulton, N.
York, 1817, Svo. An interesting account, narrated by
Fulton himself to the late Judge Story, of the first voyage
of the Clermont up the Hudson, from New York to Albany,
August, 1807, will be found in Story's Miseell. Writings,
480^82. See also Robert Walsh's Appeal from the Judg-
ment of Great Brit., Phil, and Lon., 1819, Svo. See also
the works of Daniel Webster, iv. 464, vi. (5, Boston, 1S54 ;
Encyc. Americana, v. 335-337 ; Lon. Quar. Rev., xix. 347-
357 ; Phila. Museum, xxxiii. 340; Phila. Analectic Mag.,
V. 394, X. 177; Niles's Register, xiii. 61, xxxiii. 15.
Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation, Lon.,
1796, 4to. This work, illustrated by 17 plates and a
FUR
portrait, is very rare. A copy in a late bookseller's cata-
logue is priced §12.
Fulwell, Ulpin, b. 1556, Rector of Naunton, Glou-
cestershire. 1. The Flower of Fame, Lon., 1575, 4to.
This is an historical work rel. to Hen. VIII., &e., in prose
and verse. A copy has been sold for £30 9». It is re-
printed in the Harleian Miseell., vol. ix. 2. Ars Adulandi,
the Art of Flatterie, 1579, 4to.
Our readers should ponder this truth :
"Who reads a booke rashly, at random doth runno;
Ilee goes on his errande, yet leaues it undone."
3. A pleasant Interlude entitled Like will to Like, quoth
the Devil to the Collier, 15S7, 4to. This is a moral dra-
matic piece.
Fulwood, Francis. See Fillwood.
Fulwood, Peter. Scrms., 1073, Svo.
Fulwood, or Fullwood, Wm., a London merchant.
1. Trans, of Wm. Gratarolus's Castle of Memorie, from the
Italian, Lon., 1562, '63, '73. Watt ascribes this trans, to
Wm. Fulford, also to W^ Fulward, and to Wm. Fulwood.
A curious list of orthogr.apbical errors. For an account
of the work, see Feinagle's Art of Memory, and the Cen-
sura Literaria, ed. 1815, v. 309.
"Memory taketh leave other disciples with the following pithy
admonition:
" To him that would me gladly gaine,
These three preceptes shal not be vaine :
The fvrst, is wel to understand
The thing that he doth take in hand.
The second is the same to place
In order good, and formed race.
The thvrde is, often to repeats
The thing that he would not forgeate."
Quolal in Cen. Lit., uhi supra.
2. The Enimie of Idleness. Teaching the maner and
stile how to eudite, compose, and write all sorts of Epistles
and Letters, Ac, 1568, '98, Svo and 16mo, consisting of
"Sundi-y Letters belonging to Love, as well in Verse as in
Pro.se."
All is in prose, save the last thirteen pages, which con-
tain seven metrical love-epistles. We give a specimen of
the poetry:
" A constant lover doth expresse
His griping grifes. which still encrease."
*****
" A lover, pearst with Cupide's Iwwe,
Thinks long till he be rid from woe."
*****
" A lover hath his ladie's hart.
And writes to hir as is his part."
(JwAed in Ccn. Lit., x. 5.
We presume that the " Ladies" will not insist upon fur-
ther specimens. See also Herbert's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.
Funuell, Wm., mate to Capt. Dampier. A voyage
round the World, containing an account of Capt. Dam-
pier's Expedit. into the South Seas, in the St. George,
1703-04, Lon., 1707, Svo. This relation was unauthorized
by Capt. Dampier, who ]>ub. a Vindication of his voyage,
in the same year, in answer to it. The Vindication elicited
a reply from John Welbc, a midshipman in Dampier's
ship. See an account of this matter in Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, under 1707 ; and see Dampier, Capt. Wm., in this
Dictionary. FunucU's n.arrative is repub. in Harris's
Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. i. 2. Voyage to Magel-
lanica in 1703. See Callander's Voy., iii. 145, 1766.
Furber, Robert. 1. Cat. of Eng. and For. Trees,
Lon., 1727, Svo. 2. Flower-Garden display 'd, 1732, 4to.
3. Short Introduc. to Gardening, 1733, Svo. 4. CoUec. of
Flowers for the twelve Months, fol.
Furley, Lieut. Maxims and Morals for our Conduct
through Life, 1791, 12mo.
Furlong, J. S. Law of Landlord and Tenant in Ire-
land. Dubl., 1845, 2 vols. Svo.
Furlv, Samuel. Scrm., 1779, 4to.
Furman, Richard, D.D., d. 1825, a Baptist minister
of Charleston, S. C, pub. a serm. in 1796, and furnished
Rams.iy, the histori.an.with a statistical account of Camden.
Furneaux, Philip, D.D., 1726-1783, a Dissenting
minister, lecturer at Clapham, in Surrey, 1753-76, pub.
Scrms., 1758-69, Letters to Justice Blackstone on his
Expos, of the Act of Toleration, 1793, Svo. His Letters
to Blackstone are said
" To have induced the learned commentator to alter some posi-
tions in the subsequent editions of his valuable work." See Lon.
Gent. Mag., vols, li., liii
Furness, Rev. John. ThePract. Surveyor, Lon. ,1809.
Furness, Rev. William H., b. in Boston, April 20,
1802; grad. at Harvard Coll. in 1820; completed his theo-
logical education in 1823 : ordained as pastor of the First
Congreg. Unitarian Church in Philadelphia. Jan. 12, 1825.
1. Remarks on the Four Gospels, Phila., 1S36; Lon. 1837,
645
FUR
GAD
'51. 2. Jesus and his Biographers, 1838. 3. A History of
Jesus, 1850. New etl.. 1S63 ; Lon., 1850.
**The author is a man whom to know is to love, who is deeply
penetrated with the spirit of Cbristiiinity, and whose whole life anil
character have frrown from intimate heart-communion with the
objects of his religious faith. He is a man of a rich, active, and
fruitful intellect, of the most liberal culture, of warm enthusiasm
and giowiu]^ fiincy. But heisiieithera logician norcritic. ^^sthetic
considerations weigh more with him than historical proofs, and
vividness of conception than demonstration. So far is he from
needing facts to verify his theories, that he is ready to reject the
best-authenticated facts, if they would not flow necessarily from
his d prioH reasoning. ... A History of Jesus is a title worthy of
the author's honesty. The definite article would have been sadly
out of place; for the work is not an exposition of the Gospels as
they are. but an original Gosptd. embracin;^ and endorsing such
portions of the record of the evangelists as accorded with his no-
tions of what must and should have been, and telling the rest of
the story as the evangelists would have told it had they belonged
to his school of philosophy and theology. His theoiy is, we believe,
entirely original and peculiar. It is naturalism in a form so irra-
tional and untenable that we can hardly conceive of its ever find-
ing a second advocate." — A. I*. PEAcoDy, in N. Amer. Hev., Lxxi.
464; see also Chris. Exam., xlix. 209; xv. 277.
4, Domestic Worship, 1842. New e*l., 1850. 5. Mirror
of Nature, trans, from the German of Schubert. 6. Gems
of German Verse.
" He is a poet of fine taste, and deep feeling, and has published
fugitive poems, chiefly hymns and devotional pieces. He has made
exquisite translations from the German, chief of which stands his
version of Schiller's ' Song of the Bell.' He is a lover of the beauti-
ful arts, and has rendered them great service in Philadelphia." —
Mm of the Timf, iV' lark, 1852.
7. A vol. of Discourses, 1855, 12mo. 8. Julius, and other
Tales J from the German, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 9. Thoughts
on the Life and Character of Jesus of Nazareth, Bost.,
1859, 12mo.
Mr. Furness edited The Diadem, a Philadelphia annual,
for three years, and has occasionally contributed to the
Christian Examiner, pub. in Boston.
Furniss, William, of N. York. 1. The Old World;
or, Scenes and Cities in Foreign Lands, with a Map
and Illustrations, New York, 1850, 8vo. 2. Waraga;
or, The Charms of the Nile. 12mo. 3. The Land of the
Caesar and the Doge, 1853, 12mo. See Putnam's Maga-
zine, i. 2;:'>0.
Fursman, John. Serm., 1715, 8vo.
Furtado, Johu. 1, 2. Works on Thorough Bass, 179S,
8vo. 3. The Piano Forte, ^c, 1798, 4to.
Fuseli, Henry, 1741-1825, a celebrated painter, a
native of Zurich, visited England in 1763, and was per-
suaded by Sir Joshua Reynolds, who discovered his great
abilities, to adopt the profession of an artist. In 1770 he
visited Italy, where he remained for nine years, and on
his return at once took a position among the first painters
of the day. From this time until his death he annually
contributed to the Royal Academy. He died at the ripe
age of 87, when on a visit to the Countess of Guilford, at
Putney Hill. For an account of his life, artistic labours,
and his views of professional matters, we must refer the
reader to his Life and Works, (Lectures on Painting,
Aphorisms, History of Arts in the Schools of Italy, &c..)
the former written, the latter edited, by John Knowles,
1831, 3 vols. Svo. See also Autobiography of Haydon:
By Tom Taylor, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. His Lectures,
two series, were also pub. separately, 1801, &e. As early as
1765, 8vo, he pub. Reflections on the Painting and Sculp-
ture of the Greeks, with Instructions for the Connoisseur,
and an Essay on Grace in Works of Art, trans, from the
German of the Abbe Winkelmann ; and in 1805 he gave
to the world an improved ed. of Pilkington's Diet, of
Painters, 4to. Of this work there have been later eds.
See the name. The Life and Works of Fuseli must not be
neglected by the student:
'■ These volumes are pi^-rhaps the most valuable, as regards the
fine arts, ever published in England. Every one who possesses
the lectures of Sir Joshua Reynolds should possess also those of
Fuseli. comprised in the above work, together with the painter's
Aphorisms on Art, and his History of the Italian Schools of Paint-
ing and Sculpture, all of which are included in the present edi-
tion."— Lan. Month. Eev. See also Wornum's Lectures hy the
llnyal Academirian.s, ic, 1848.
Mr. Robert Balmanno, now (1858) living in Brooklyn,
New York, was an intimate friend and one of the execu-
tors of Fuseli. As already stated, (sceBALiiANXo, Robert.)
we have earnestly urged Mr. B. to give to the world some
reminiscences of the departed great, — the friends who have
passed before him into the world of spirits. We fear, how-
ever, that this desire must remain among the ungratified.
Fyfe, Andrew. 1. A System of Anatomv and Phy-
siology. 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1787, 3 vols. Svo ; 1800, 3 vols.
4to. New ed., 1820, 3 vols. 4to. "2. Anatomy of the Human
Body, Edin., 1800, 3 vols. 4to ; vol. iv., 1804, '07, 3 vols.
8vo. 3. Anatomia Britannica, 1804, 3 vols. 12moj 4th ed.,
ISIO, 3 vols. Svo, entitled A Comp. of the Anatomy of the
Human Body. New ed., 1822. 4 vols. 8vo. 4. Compara-
tive Anatomy, 1813, Svo. 5. Elements of Chemistry, Svo.
6. Manual of Chemistry, 12mo. 7. Reciprocal Influence
of Body and Mind, Svo.
Fyfe, Archibald. Poems and Criticisms, Paris,
180t;. 12mo.
Fyler, Samuel. Serms., Ac, 16S0-17O0.
FyloU, Jasper. A Treatise against the Possessions
of the Clergye, gedderd and compyled by J. F., Lon.,
lOmo.
Fynch, Martin. Practical Divinity, Lon., 165S, Svo.
Fynes, Charles, LL.D. Serm., 1798, 4to.
Fynn, Robert. Brit. Consuls Abroad; their Origin,
Rank. Privileges, Duties, Ac, 2d ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo.
" This work is written with manifest care and judt^ment; its
contents are not only of vital importance to Consuls, but to Mer-
chants, Ship-ownei-s, Captains, and Travellers."
Fynney, Fielding Best, Surgeon. Con.to Mcd.Com.,
1775, 76, '85 j to Memoirs Med., 1789: to Phil. Trans.,
1777.
Fysh, Henry, Vicar of Middleton, Norfolk. Serm. on
Pruv. X. 27. 1738, 8vo.
Fysh, Thomas. Serm. on Zech. xii. 8, 1085, 4to.
F'ysher, Robert. Catalogus Impressorum Librorum
Biltliotheca BodleianiB in Academia Oxoniensi, Oxon.,
1738, 2 vols. fol. See Bodley, Sir Thomas.
Fyson, Thomas, Chaplain to the Earl of Usbridge.
Serm. on 1 Cor. xv. 58, 1715, Svo.
G.
Gabb, Rev. Thomas. Finis Pyramidis ; or, Dis-
quisitiona concerning the Antiquity and Scientific End of
the great Pyramid of Giza. Lon., 1806. Svo.
Gabbett, Joseph. 1. Abridgt.. ie. of the Stat. Law
of Eng. and Ire., Dubl., 1S12-18, 4 vols. Svo. New ed., to
1841, inclusive.
*' An excellent and accur.ite digest."
See Warren's Law Studies, SSI ; 1 Leg. Rep., 245 ;
Tomlin's Diet., Pref. 2. Crim. Law, 18,35-43, 2 vols. Svo.
Gabble, Gridiron, <. c, Joseph Haslewood.
Green Room Gossip; or, Gr.avity gallinipt.
Gabell, Henry. 1. Hif;h Price of Corn, Lon., 1796,
Svo. 2. A Fust Serm., 1799, Svo.
Gabriel, John. Essay towards the Theory of an
Invisible World, The Archetypally, 2d ed., 1700, Svo. It
is supposed that Swift was indebted to the Theory of an
Invisible World.
Gabriel, Rob. Burd, D.D., d. 1804. Tracts reh to
the Rev. Dr. White's Bampton Lect., Lon., 1789, Svo.
Gace, Wni. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1578, '79.
Gadbury, Job, d. 1715, a disciple of John Gadbury,
probably succeeded him in the publication of his almanac.
Gadbury, John, 1627-1092? a notorious astrologer,
pull, almanacs, astrological treatises, nativities, &e., 1656-
91, a list of which will ho found in the Bibl. Brit. The
Black Life of John Gadbury, written and pub. by Par-
trid.L^e, appeared in 1(393.
Gadbury, Thomas or Timothy. Astrolog. Pre-
dict, of Chas. IL, his coming to the Crown of Eng., Lon.,
IfiOO, fol.
Gaddesby, or Gadesby, Richard. 1. Decimal
Arilh., Lon., 1757, Svo. 2. Geography, 1776, 12mo.
Gaddesden, John of, who lived in the early part
of the 14th century, was the first Englishman employed
as a physician at court, being appointed by Edward II.
Before this the court-physicians had been foreigners. Dr.
Freind, in his Hist, of Physic, exposes, in a humorous
manner, the ignorance, quackery, and superstition of Gad-
desden. He wrote Rosa Anglica : seu Praetica Medicinse
a Capita ad Pedus Papioe, 1492, '99, fol. Venct., 1502,
'06, fol. Neapoli, 1508. Trew, 1516, fol. Aug. Vind.,
1595, 2 vols. 4to, with Notes by Schopfius. Sc« Bibl.
Brit.
'■ He Feems to have made a collection of all the receipts he had
ever met with or heard of; and this book atfords us a cuiuplete
history of what niedirines were in use. not only anions the phy-
sicians of that time, but among the common people in all parts of
GAD
See
Englard, both In the empirical anil superstitious way
Frelnd's History ofPhyEic. ^ ,, • 1 ^:» 1
•' The m^tlKwl of proaucins fresh from salt water by simple ais- .
tillation. (in an alembic- with a iientle heat.l is fiimiliarly men-
tioned bv this author, even at so remote a period. fcee Aikin s
BiO" Memoirs of Med.; Kees's Cyc. ; Chahuers's Biog. Diet.
Gadsden. Funl. Serm. on Bp. Dehon. In Dehon s
Serms., ii. 529.
Gael, Samuel H. 1. Contingent and Eventual
Losses, Lon., 8vo. 2. Legal Composition, 1S40, Svo. An
excellent work. 3. Prec. of Exam., &.C.. 1S43, 12mo.
"This is a very useful work." — 7 Jurist. 351.
Gage, Viscouut. Lett. rel. to legalizing marriage
with a fleceaserl wife's sister, Lon., 1851, Svo.
Gage, John. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Ilengrave in
Suffolk, Lon., 1822, r. 4to and imp. 4to. Highly com-
mended. 2. Hist, and Antiq. of .Suffolk, 1S:',8, r. 4to and
imp. 4to. This work contains the complete history of the
Thint'O Hundred, which is all that h.is been pub.
Gage, M. 1. Cryptography ; or. Secret Writing, Norw.,
1809, Svo. 2. Answer rel. to W. Blair resp. a Cypher,
1809, Svo. , , I
Gage, Thomas, a R. Catholic missionary who turned ,
Protestant, and obtained the living of Deal, in Kent. In
addition to some theolog. treatises, he pub. A New Survey
of the W. Indies, Lon., 1648, '65, '77. fol. lu the 3d ed. '
a chapter which reflected on the character of Archbp.
Laud was omitted. Gage's sermon was trans, iuto Span-
ish. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova.
"Though r.age pretends to have collected his materials on the
spot, the account of that place (Mexico) is copied verbatim £i-om
kicholas's Conquest of \V east-India."— Pb. Southet.
Gager, Wm., a poet and civilian, was entered of
Christ Church, Oxf., in 1574. 1. Excquiao, Ac. D. Phi-
lippi Sidnasi, ic, Oxon., 1587, 4to. 2. Mcleager Tragcedia,
1592, Svo. 3. Viisses Redvx, Tragredia Nova, 1592. He
contended for the lawfulness of stage-plays against Dr.
John Rainolds, and insisted upon a position of his, very i
properly attacked by Mr. Hale, viz. : •' Thai it was lawful ]
for husbands to beat their wives." Whether Mr. t^ager
indulged in this elegant and manly amusement we have
no means of knowing.
" He was an e.xcelleut poet, especially in the Latin tongue, and
reputed the best comedian (i. e. dramatic writer) of his time."—
Athen. Ox^-n. .
Gahagau, John. Irritability of Plants ; in Med.
Com., 1789.
Gahagan, Matthias, M.D., of Grenada. Con. to
Med. Com., 1783.
Gahagan, Usher, executed at Tyburn, 1749, for
clipping the coin, edited Brindley's Classics, and trans,
into Latin Pope's Ess.ay on Criticism, the Temple of
Fame, and the Messiah.
Gahan, VVm., a R. Catholic divine. 1. Serms. and
Moral Discourses, 6th ed., Dubl., 1847, Svo. 2. Manual
of Catholic Piety, 1847, 12mo.
Gailhard, J. Theolog., hist., and educational works,
Lon., 1660^99.
Gaimar, GeofTrcy. See Geoffrey G.*im.\r.
Gaiuesforde, or Gainsford, Thomas. 1. Hist,
of Trebizaud, Lon., 1611). 4t(.. 2. Scrutonccr's Study, 1616,
4to. 3. Hist, of Pcrkin Warbeck, 1618, 4to. 4. Glory and
Prerog. of Eng., 1618, 4to. 5. Hist, of the Earl of Tirone,
1619, 4to.
Gairdeu, George, D.D. 1. Fuul. Serm., 1726, Svo.
2. Works of the Rev. H. Scougal, 1818.
Gairduer, Wm., M.D. On Gout: its history, cause,
and cure, Lon., 1849, p. Svo: 3d ed., 1854.
" This book is the work of a man mature in years, and who has
spent his life in studying the phenomena of which he now renders
an account. . . . Our readers will find an ample storehouse of in-
teresting and important matter." — Lfm. L'incd.
Gaisford, Stephen. Abolit. Slave Trade, 1811, Svo.
Gaisl'ord, Thomas, D.D., 1780-1S55, Regius Prof,
of Greek, Ijxf., and Dean of Christ Church, d. 1855, in his
75th year. 1. Hephfestionis Alcxandrini, Ac, Oxon., 1810,
Svo. '2. Poet. Minores Gra;ci, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Lectiones
Platonicfe, 1820, Svo. 4. Herodotus: new ed., 18-10, 2 vols.
Svo. 5. Suidas, 1834, 3 vols. fol. 6. Scriptores Latini Bei
Metricse, 1838, Svo. 7. Etymologicon Magnum, 1818, fol.
8. Theodoreti Episcopi, ic. 1854. Svo. Dr. G. prepared
Pt. 1 of the Cat. of MS. of E. D. Clarke, in the Bodlei.an
Library, 1812, 4to. For an account of his life and par-
ticulars of his literary lalnjurs, we refer to the London
Athen,^um anil the Gent. Mag.
Gaitskcll, Wm., Surgeon, Med. .and Chem. con. to
Med. Facts. 1793: Memoir.^ Med.. 1793, '95, '99.
Galhraith, Kev. Joseph A., and Rev. Samuel
Haughton. 1. Manual of Plane Trigonometry, Lon.,
1851, 12mo.
GAL
Svo. 3. By Messrs. Galbraith and Haughton, in conjunc-
tion with Erasmus Smith, Manual of Astronomy, 1855, fp.
Svo. Mr. G. has pub. several works on mathematics, me-
chanics, and nat. philos.
Galbraith, Richard. Latiu Grammar, Virgd, Ac,
1841-46.
Galbraith, Wm. Works on surveying, astronomy,
and engineering, 1842, Ac.
Gale. Cabinet of Knowledge, 1797. 12mo.
Gale, Benjamin, M.D., 1715-1790, a native of Long
Island, pub. a Treatise on luoculation for the Small Pox,
Phil 'irans., 1763; on the Bite of Raltlesnakes, same year;
some Essavs in Transac. Med. Soc. of New Haven ; and a
Dissert, on the Prophecies. See Thachcr's Amer. Med. Biog.
Gale, C. J. 1. Stat. 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 42, Lon., 1S33,
12mo 2. Rep. Ct. Ex., 1836-38, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Rep. Case
of the Queen ... S. W. R. R. Co., 1842, r. Svo. 4. C. J. G.
and Tho. D. Whately, Law of Easements, 1839, Svo ; .2d
ed 1848. 1st Amer. ed., by E. Hammond, N. York, 1840,
Svo 6. C. J. G. and H. Davison. Rep. Ct. Q. B. and Ex.
C 1841-43, 3 vols. Svo; 1841-43. See Datison, H.
Gale, Dunstan. Pyr.amus and Thisbe, a Lovely Poem,
Lon., 1617, 4to. Bindley. Pt. 4, 167, £6 8s. &d. See Rit-
son's Bibl. Poet., 214. 215. .
Gale, John, 1680-1721, an eminent Baptist divine, a
native of London, studied at Leydeu and Amsterdam, and
ou his return home became one of the ministers of St.
Paul's Alloy, near Barbican, London. Wm. AVall, D.D.,
pub his Hist, of Infant Baptism in 1705, 2 vols. Svoj 2d
ed 1707, 4to. In 1711, Svo, Gale pub. (1) Reflections on
Wall's Defence of Infant Baptism, 2d cd., 1720, Svo. New
ed.. 1820, Svo. Wall responded to Gale: see Wall, ^^ si.,
D.D. The reader must procure The History of Infant
Baptism, together with Gale's Reflections and Wall's De-
fence. New ed., by the Rev. Henry Cotton, D.C.L., 1836,
4 vols. Svo : again, 1844, 4 vols. Svo.
" Both the works of these learned writers on this subject are
worthy of examination on account of the learning and knowledge
of ecclesiastical history which they contain."- OniK's BM. Bih.
The publication of Gale's work gave him reputation,
and it is still perhaps the best work on the subject.
"Gale and Booth are the piiucipal standard works on the side
of the Baptists."— BicKERSTETB.
2. Serms. on several occasions, 2d ed., 1726, 4 vols. Svo.
" lie was considered to be one of the ablest ministers of his time
among the general Baptists. The congregation to which Dr. Gale
preached is said to have been numerous and respectable; his voice
was clear and melodious, his stvle easy and strong, his method
exact, his reasoning convincing."- iJ"<(ue and Benmlt's Hist, of the
Di^se7lt€rs.
See his serms. highly commended in the Lon. Theolog.
Mag.; aJsorefer to Life prefixed to his Works; Biog. Brit. ;
Nichols's AtterburyCorresp.; Crosby's Hist, of the Baptists.
' Gale, Levin. A List of Eng. Stalutes supposed to be
applicable to the several States of the Union, Svo.
Gale, Roger, 1672-1744. a sou of the learned Thomas
Gale, D.D., educated at, and FeUow of, Trin. Coll., Camb.,
i represented Northallerton in three parliaments, was Com-
I missioner of Excise, and the first Vice-President of tho An-
tiquarian Society. 1. The Knowledge of Medals, from the
French of Jobert, Lon., 1697, 1715, Svo. 2. Antonini Iter
Brit:inniaruui Comnicntariis ilUistratum, 1709, 4to, 3. Re-
gistrum Honoris de Richmond, ex libro Domesday, 1722,
fol. 4. Antiquarian con. to Phil. Trans., 1718, '23, '36, '45 ;
to Archa'ol., vol. ii. p. 25 ; to Leland's Itinerary, vol. vi.
p. 93. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; Bibl. Top. Brit.. No. 2.
Gale, S., of Charleston, South Carolina. Four Essays
on the Nature and Principles of Public Credit, Lon,, 1784,
'85, '86, Svo. See an interesting article on the English
Sinking Fund — " the grossest delusion, certainly, by which
any civilized people was ever blinded and deceived" — in
McCulIoeh's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 334-36.
Gale, Samuel, 168'2-1754, a brother of Roger Gale,
was one of the revivers of the Antiquarian Society in
1717, and the first treasurer, 1. Hist, and .\ntiq. of Win-
chester Cathedral, begun by the Right Hon. Henry, Earl
of Clarendon, and continued to this time, Lon., 1715, Svo.
2, Antiquarian con, to Archajol., 1770, and in the Bibl. Top.
Brit.
Gale, Theophilus, 1628-1678, a learned Noncon-
i formist, a native of Devonshire, educated at, and Fellow
', of, Magdalen Coll., Oxf., settled at Winchester, and became
a popular preacher. Refusing to conform at the Restora-
tion, he was ejected from his fellowship, travelled as tutor
with the two sons of Lord Wharton, and on his return be-
came assistant and subsequently successor to Mr, John
Rowe, who had a congregation at Holborn. He bequeathed
library to the promotion of dissenting principles in
_ ^_ _ , hi: . . _ . _
Manual of Ai-ithmetic,°2d ed., 1855, fp. ! England. He pub. four Serms., 1671, 72, '73, '74. The
617
GAL
true idea of Jansenism, ]6C9, 8vo; a biog. notice of T.
Tregasse, l.,,l; Idea; Theologize, 1673, 8v"o; Philosophia
Generalis, lb, 6, 12mo; and Tlie Court of tlie Gentiles,- or,
a D.seourse touching the Original of Human Literature
both Pin lologic and Philosorhic, from the Scriptures and
Jewish Church Ac In 4 Pts., but pub. in 5 vols., viz.
Vo . 1, Ft. 1 of Philologie, Books 1, 2, 3, 2d eJ., revised
and cnhirged, 0.^f.. 1672, 4to. Vol. ii., Pt. 2, of Barbaric
and (jiccanic Philosophic, Books 1, 2, 3, 4, 2d ed., enlarged,
Lon. ]h,6, 4to. Vol. iii., Pt, 3, The Vanity of Pagan Phi-
losophic demonstrated, Books 1, 2. 1077, 4to. Vol iv Pt
4, of Reformed Philosophic, Books 1, 2, 1677, 4to. Vol v
Pt. 4 continued, of Reformed Philosophic, Book 3, I682!
4to. It IS this last part, treating of divine Predetermina-
tion, Book 3 of Pt. 4, which is so often wanting. The 1st
eds. of the 5 Pts. were pub. 1669-77. This great work
occupied the author for more than twenty years. It had a
narrow escape from destruction by fire. 8ee Athen. Oxon.
"They [the various p,irt6 of which the work is composed] shew
tlie author to have been well read in, and conversant with, the
writings of the fathers, the old philosophers, and those that have
given auy account of them or their works : as also to have been a
good m,-taph.vsician and school-divine."— .4W,m Oxon
" This learned and elaborate work, after falling for a time into
obscurity is now m great repute. The leading object of it is, to
trace all human learning, philosophy, and religion, to the ancient
Scriptures .and the Jewish church. Gale certainly carries his ideas
fh,t tL ;1 1*^ must^he very prejudiced or stupid who does not see
that the substance of his argument is made out. The style of the
work IS clumsy and verbose, the numerous quotations render it
irksome to read, and tbe reasonings are, in some pCs, obscure
and metaphysical; but it is a work of real merit and learning, and
rid o7sLlr,'''^".^-"i?Ti?='"™ '" '^^"'^ '''"> "" partial to the
kind of subjects which it discusses."— Ornu-'s Bihl Sib
'Our countryman Gale is for deriving all a,ts and sciences
wl= b," ,"™'"'°"',f''rv."''= J«>"- VVho would not think the man
was bantering us, had he not given so sad a proof of his being in
SI f VYh-*" '"■'"';?. ""■'''' ''""'-'' volumes in support of These
wonderfuldiscovenes!"- BisBOP Warbdrto.v
,^r'^?„»"^"' ""'' •'a'=* B'-ya"'- when writing his Ancient System
Dr PARR '''^' ""' °'""' "*'" ''^ ''^■''■'' '^°"'-' °' ""> Oeutiles."-
J^'^nn '""T'"' ^''T\S,<'"['^ip^ " vast body of information on Pa-
Bickersteth also commends Gale's Discourse concerning
Christ s Second Coming, 1673, 8vo ; new ed., 1839, 18mo, a1
"A very practical and useful work." '
We do not forget that the Ars Sciendi, 16S2, 8vo is as-
cribed to Gale by Wood, but Calamy expressly denies it
to be his. He left in MS. an unfinished lexicon and con-
cordance (in one) of the Greek Test., proposals for publish-
ing which he issued in 167S. Why does not some enter-
prising bookseller republish the Court of the Gentiles ' It
IS now rarely to be mot with complete, and is worth not
much less than £3. See authorities cited above; also
Biog. Brit., and Brucker's Hist, of Philos
Gale, Thomas, b. 1.507, an eminent English sur-
geon served in the army, and subse.:|ucntly settled in
London where he acquired great reputation for profes-
sional skill. L Treatise of Gun-shot Wounds, Lon. 1563,
.■^°' /■ l'°<!lnndion of Chirurgerie, 1563, 8vo. 3 Trea-
tise of Gun-shot Wounds, Institution of a Chirurgeon,
Enchiridion of Surgery, and Antidotaire ; all four prTntcd
toge her, 1563, ;86, 4to. 4. Certain Wo;ks of Ga'^en, in
English 1586, 4to. 5. Whole Works of John Vigo, kc,
bu7s'o™rr°f ''t'h'''''''"'''''^ *>' ■■'"5' °' ''■'■•'''^ "^ ""'"f »«'b v.alue,
but some of them contain curious information resnectin- thj
mog. Meu'^^S'"" "' '"" "■"^•" ^- ^-"--^ BillTlikius
^.fV"' "^homas, D.D., 1636-1702, father of Roger
and Samuel Gale, one of the most eminent of English
classical scholars, a native of Yorkshire, was educated at
Westminster school and Trin. Coll., Camb., of which he
wT«i P r •A^^'',"T^''"f- "f «'-<^«I<. 1866; Head Mas-
^I„J h ''"' " School, London, 1672 ; Preb. of St Paul's
WV' "^Ftr "' T°?b ''"• "^ r-^- Opuscllla Mytho:
logica, Ethica, et Physica, Gr. et Lat., Svo; Hisioria3
Poeticae Scnptores antiqui, 8ro; Rhetores Selecti, 8vo •
Jambhchus de Mysteriis; Psalterium ju.xta E.xemplar
Alexandrinum ; Herodoti Historiarum; Ciceronis Opera •
Historiao Anglicana) Scriptores, fob; Hietoria; Britan'
niciB SaxoniciB Anglo-Danicaj Scriptores XV accessit
rerum et Verborum Index Locupletissimus, fol. ; contains
Gildas, Lddius, Nennius, Asser, Ralph Higden, Polychro-
nicon, Guil. Malmsburiensis, Jo. Wallingford, Fordunus,
Alcuinis, et aliorum. '
There were pub. after his death from his MSS a vol
of serms. on the Holy Days of the Ch. of England, 1704'
im^if ^ tk'""' I'i"'^'-';""'" Britannia,, pub. by bis son
643 " " ^ '•''^"' '^ I^is«""'se of Dr. Gale's
GAL
on the Original of Human Literature, with Philology and
Philosophy, will be found in Phil. Trans., vol. vi The
portion of the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores veteres, edited
by him, is not thought to be equal to that edited by Wm
-ulman: see the name. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Life
of Colet; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
"The reason why I troubled you with the question to Mr. Gale
Zlf^tl^)^^r i'^^'i^r, '"* ""'"1^' preserved as Dean Gale's
c«;toW(,o»^s 4c which I was sensible did not come down with
his MSS. And If they were, secondly, to know how to get at them
for there is one or two that I should be glad to consult "—Dr
l.a»redus Monumetensis. Amjlioe, Geoffrey
OF Monmouth, q. v.
Galitfe, James A. Italy and its Inhabitants: Ac-
count of a Tour, 1816-17, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. Svo
(.ahndo, Mrs. Lett, to Mrs. Siddons, 1809, Svo
l.alindiis, Fortuniiis. Discourse of the Reasons
why the Jesuits are so generally hated, Lon., 1659 Svo
Gall, James. 1. The End and Essence of Sabbat'h-
fooQ ,0"'"'''°= '""' ^""""y Religious Instruction, Lon.,
iojy, Izmo. '
ii,";SSy/cv:"..1,,r'™'"™ "■" ^■"P'y ^'^^y attention.--
2. Gosp. of St, John for the Blind, 4to. 3. Philos of
Education, 12mo 4-7. Help to the Acts; the Gospels;
Life of Christ; St. Luke's Gospel.
Gall, Richard, 1776-1801, a printer of Edinbureh
gained considerable reputation as a poet. His best knowi!
songs are My only Jo and Dearie 0, the Farewell to Ayr
shire There's wacfu' news in yon town. As I came throuch
Glendochart Vale, The Braes o' Drumlie, I winna gane
back to my Minny again, and Peggy wi' the gowden hair!
Ihe poem of Arthur's Seat has also been highly com
mended A vol. of his Poems and Songs, with a Memoir,
was pub. after his death, Edin., 12mo.
.u"T'"'J°r',.™*'"'^'^''"""''^ Seat displays, in many passages
the fervid feeling and buoyant fancy of a trie poc-t : and of the
songs It IS far higher praise than any criticism'^of ours can b^
stow, to mention, that some of them have been commonly mis-
taken for genume effusions of Bums, and that others h.ave loni?
ago obtained in Scotland that extensive and settled popularuf
which forms the surest test of the author's adherence to trSth and
Rjt„ f/<'°>l"/™P';"'J',';haracterizesaU his lyrical effusions."
— JiAlm. Maij. and Lit. Miscdl.
tb»S" °;"p' '"^""'"'■'h stand on the Hst next to Bums, and by
the side of Ramsay, Fergusson, Bruce, and Macneill, It is in his
songs and short effusions that Gall's name is destined to live
There is nothing better or sweeter in the Scottish language than
some of these; and whenever Gall's songs are set to appropriate
airs, It IS easy without the spirit of prophecy, to foretell the r
popularity. My mUy Jm and Dearie O^and the FarZmto Tyr-
sAirc, are known to every lover of modem Scottish song -—ScoUman
JJ- ■■''"'""'»■■ "hen this song [My only Jo and Dearie 01 was ex^
ceedmgly poiiular; its sweetness and ease, rather than its origi-
nality and vigour, might be the cause of its success. The third
InmtvTl'It"" H '■"'' ^'^"F"' Pi'^t"'-'* »f <!'->rly nttachment-a
ff^ J.^b ' 1;!* 'T* ""'■'■' '"" school-girl will appear to many
a fancy when these hues are sung."— Allan CiiNNiiioHiM "
Gallagher, MattheAV, printer, Trinidad. Letters
°i° .1. T™',' ''°'' *" "'" ^"'r'-i^- "ud Discharge of the
Author, Trinidad, ISIO, 12nio.
Gallagher, William D., b. in Phikdelphiain 180S
removed to Cincinnati in 1816, and in his seventeenth
year entered the printing-office of a newspaper of that
city. Ihero his literary talents soon attracted attention,
although the young author preserved his incognito for a
number ot years; and in 1830 Mr. Gallagher formed a
connection with the Backwoodsman, a political journal
pub. at Xenua, Ohio. In 1831 he became editor of The
Cincinnati Mirror ; in 1836 of The Western Literary Jour-
nal and Monthly Review, and in 1837 of The Western
Monthly Mag:izinc and Literary Journal. He ha« since
been engaged in the management of several periodicals.
Wlaen Mr.Corwin became Secretary of the Treasury in
1849 he appointed Mr. Gallagher his confidential clerk,
and he resided in Washington until 1853, when he removed
to Louisville Kentucky, where ho was for a brief period
one of the editors of the Daily Courier. For further parti-
culars respecting this laborious son of letters we must
relor the reader to the source for which we are indebted
to the above facts— Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame-
Mr. Gallagher is the author of many poems, some of
which have elicited enthusiastic commendation. Ho has
pub. three small vols, of his juvenile poetical composi-
r«' Tlr "■" .""' "f '^'■™"'' l**35-37, and a vol., in
1846, of the productions of maturer years. Some of his
pieces w-iU be found in Selections from the Poetical Litera-
ture of the West, Cincinnati, 1841
„ Jl'""i P°«".' of Mr. Gallagher are numerous, various, and of very
unequal merit Some are exquisitely modulated, and in every
respect finished with excellent judgment, while others aJeYn^
GAL
barmonioup, inelesant, and b>'tray iinniistnkeablesignsof careless-
ness. His most unstuilu-d lu-ifurinantt'S. however, are apt to be
forcible and picturesque. fi;iL'r:nit with the freshness of western
woof-Is and fields, and instinct wirh the aspiring and determined
life of the race of western men. The poet of a new country isnatu- |
mlly of the party of progress: his noblest theme is man, and his '
highest law. liberty." — R. W. OitiswoLD, tiln mtpra. And see I
ISouthern Literary Messenger, h'. 452.
Gallatin, Albert, 1761-1849, a native of Geneva,
emigrated to America in his nineteenth year, and, entering
into political life, became, in 17'J0, a member of the Penn- ;
sylvauia Lej;it:lature ; in 1792, a member of the national i
House of Representatives ; in 179S, U. States Senator; in 1
ISOl, Secretary of the IT. States Treasury; in 1813. com- I
missioncr to Ghent; subsequently, minister from the U. |
States to France, the Netherhuuls, antl England, succes-
sively. He had great natural powers and enlarged erudi- i
tion, and devoted much attention to ethnology, philology, ]
and political economy. He pub. an Indian Vocabulary — I
a subject in which he took a lively and intelligent inte- \
i-est ; — Views of the Public Debt in 1801; Reports and ^
Letters rel. to the U. States Bank. ISU), '11 ; Considera- ,
tions on the Currency and Baifliing System of the U.
States, 18:n; Tlie R'igbt of the U. S. of Amer. to the
North-Eastern Boundary claimed by thcui. 1840, ^43 ;
pome historical and other papers. He died at Astoria,
New York, in 1810. Some interesting reminiscences of
Gallatin will be found in Judge Story's Life and Letters,
"He is a most industrious and indefatigable man, and, by the
consent of all parties, of accomplished genius and great acquire-
ments. . . . Let me say he is a truly great statesman. I rank him
side by side with Alexander Hamilton. . . . Mr. Gallatin preserved
a purity of rhar;icter that is as valuable in a politicl.in as it is rare.
A man o! gn;it leaniiug. he daily adds weight to his counsels, and
glory to his name." — Jlipge Stort. uln mipm.
See N. Amer. Rev., Hi. 424-452; Democratic Rev., with
portrait, xii. ("id; Banker's Mag., Boston, iv. 773; an in-
teresting sketch by "Sentinel," originally pub. in the N.
York Courier and Inquirer, in the Living Age, Boston,
xxiii. 324; Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, by John
Russell Bartlett, N. York. 1849.
Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas H,, LL.D., I7S7-1851,
a native of Philadelphia, late Principal of the Connecticut
Asylum, U. States, for the Education of the Deaf and
Dumb. 1. XVI. Discourses, Lon., 1818, Svo.
"Admiralile specimens ot composition for the pulpit; equally
remote from coldness and enthusiasm; animated, interesting, and
judicinus." — Lon. Cfiris. Observi^r.
2. Bible Stories for the Young, 1838. 18mo.
" .\^ series of Scripture Stories for the Young, told in the Author's
own winning manner." — Sundat/School Teacher's Miig., Oct. 18o8.
3. The Child's Book of the Soul, 3d ed., 1850, 18mo.
Dr. G. also pub. The Youth's Book of Natural Theo-
logy, N. York, 1852, a Family and School Dictionary, {in
conjunction with Horace Hooker,) Ac. For an account
of his Life, Character, and Public Services, see the Dis-
course so entitled, by H. Barnard, Hartford, 1852, Svo,
and Barnard's Tribute to Gallaudet, N. York, 1852. Not
only as an author, but also as a most intelligent instructor
of the deaf and dumb, Mr. Gallaudet was a man of eminent
usefulness. A review of Mr. G.'s serms. will be found in
the Christian Monthly Spectator, New Haven, i. 27. Seo
also Life by Rev. H. Humphrey, D.D., N. York, 1857, 12mo.
Reviewed in N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. by 0. Tiffany.
Gallaway, Wm. Scrms.. 1692. '94, '97.
Galley, George. Live Stock, Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Gallianl. The Hymn of Adam and Eve, out of Mil-
ton, sot to musie, Lon., 1728.
Galliarcl, Biadshaw. Odes, Lon., 1774, 4to.
Galliiuore^ Francis. Serra., 1694, 4to.
Gallisoii, John, 1788-1820, a native of Marblehead,
Massachu.-^etts, a nephew of Chief Justice Sewall, educated
at Cambridge Uuiversity, jiractised law for a brief period
in his native town, and subsequently removed to Boston,
where, for a year or two. he edited the Weekly Messenger.
In addition to his excellent Reports, he pub. an Address
to the Peace Society, 1820, <fcc. Reports of Cases in Cir.
Ct. U. States, IstCir., 1812-15; vol. i., 1815; vol. li., 1817.
2d ed., with addit. Notes and References, Boston, 1845, 2
vols. 8vo. Of the judgments of Mr. Justice Story during
his circuits in 1812 and 1813, (see vol. i.,) only four were
reversed by the Supreme Court; and of the judgments re-
corded in vol. i.. no one was reversed. The leading cases
in vol. i. are. The Rapid. The Grotius, The Julia, The Alli-
gator, and U. S. v. Wonson, all involving questions in Ad-
miralty and Prize Law, as do most of the cases in this vol.
The leading cases in vol. ii. are, Maissonnaire v. Keating,
The Invincible, The Jerusalem, aud the celebrated case of
Be Lovio w Boit.
"I should omit doing justice to my own feelings, as well as to
the cause of truth, if I were not to select the decisions in Gallison's
GAL
and Mason's Iteports. as specimens of pre-eminent merit. They
may fairly be placed upon a level with the best productions of the
Ent^lish Admiralty, for deep and accurate learning, as well as for
the hiiihest ability and wisdom in decision." — 3 Kftit, "20; 2: 527.
Judge Story sent these volumes {1st ed.) to Sir William
Scott, who thus acknowledged their receipt:
"I have received with great pleasure the volumes of Reports,
and am very glad to add my testimony to the acuteness and learn-
ing which are everywhere displayed in them. It is highly gratify-
ing to us to see the same printiple-s to which we think we owe go
much in England, still adhered to in America, and built upon as
occasion may retjuiie. with equal zeal, but with equal caution in
all the deductions." — Sir Witliain Scott to Judgt Stori/, London, July
2, 1818. Thr Life and Letters of Joseph Story, i. 307.
From the same interesting work we extract the following
anecdote :
" At an evening club, where Sir James Mackintosh was present
with I..ord Stowell, (then Sir William Scott,) Sir William lirant
came in with a book in his pocket, which was no other than a vo-
lume of the Reports of the excellent and lamented Gallison, and
which he drew out rather archly, observing to Sir William Scott,
'This Mr. Story appears to be a promising pupil;' adding, 'You
must not expect these doctrines of yours to be confined to one
belligerent power, but they must make the tour of all the belli-
gerents.' This was done by Sir AVilliam Grant, as Sir James Mack-
intosh said. ' with malice prepense.' "
To Gallison's Report of Judge Story's decisions must bo
added those of William P. Mason, {q. v.,) Boston, 1836,
5 vols. Svo, aud those of Charles Sumner, {q. v.,) 1851,
3 vols. 8vo.
In Judge Story's admirable .address upon the Progress
of Jurisprudence, delivered before the Members of the
Suffolk Bar, Sept. 4, 1821, will be found an eloquent tri-
bute to tho virtues of GalUson, who had died in the pre-
ceding year. We append an extract:
'■I will nrit dwell upon his distinguished talents and virtues,
his Ijl.iiiiilrvs innocence of life, his elevated piety, his unwearied
dilij> 111 ■■, III- i'\tpnsive learning, his ardent devotion to literature,
his aclive lienevolence, exhausting itself in good deeds, and Milush-
ing to find it fame.' You knew him well, and your sympathies
have mingled with the tears and sorrows that embalm his memory.
But I may propose him as an example, polished, if not perfect, of
that excellence which the studies I have this day ventured to re-
commend, are calculated to produce."
Sec also The Character of Mr. Gallison, by W. Phillips,
in the N. Amer. Rev., xii. 424, and a Memoir of Mr. G., in
the Christian Disciple, Boston, lii. 15.
Galloway, Lieut. -Col. Ou the Law and Constitu-
tion of India, Lon., 8vo.
Galloway, George. 1. The Admirable Crichton; a
Trag., 1802, Svo. 2. The Battle of Luncarty ; a Hist. Play,
1806, 12mo.
Galloway, John Cole. 1. Serm., 1779, Svo. 2. 17
Seruis., Lon., 1785, Svo.
Galloway, Joseph, 17.^0-1803, a native of England,
became an eminent lawyer in Pennsylvania, was a speaker
of the House of Assembly, and subsequently a member of
the first Congress, 1774. Ho was opposed to the separa-
tion of the colonies from Great Britain, joined the British
Army, and in 1778 went to England; deserting an estate,
according to his statement before the House of Commons
in 1779, (pub. Lon., 1779, Svo,) worth more than £40,000.
He pub. several tracts respecting the war and its conduct,
and some other works. 1. Speech in answer to John Dick-
inson, Lon. and Phila., 17G4, Svo. 2. Candid Examina-
tion, N. York, 1775, Svo; Lon., 1780. Svo. 3. Letters to a
Nobleman, 1779, Svo. 4. Reply to Sir Wm. Howe. 1780,
Svo. 5. Cool Thoughts, 1780, Svo. 6. Hist, and Polit. Re-
flec, 1780, Svo. 7. Letter to Lord Howe, 1780. 8. Com-
ment, upon the Revelation, Ac, 1802, Svo. 9. Prophet,
and Anticipated Hist, of Rome, 1803, Svo. See Franklin's
Works; Lon. Monthly Rev.; Sabine's Hist, of the Royal-
ists; Curwen's Jour., edited by AVard; Trumbull's McFin-
gal. Canto III.
A new ed. of Galloway's Exara., by a Com^^ of the House
of Commons, has just made its appearance, Phila., 1855,
r. Svo. It is reprinted by the Council of the Seventy-six
Society, edited by Thomas Balch, Esq., a lawyer of Phila.,
to whom the public is also indebted for Letters and Papers
relating chiefly to the Provincial Hist, of Penna. Pri-
vately printed, Phila., 1S55, 12mo, and other valuable his-
torical papers.
Galloway, Patrick. See Galoway.
Galloway, Uobeit. Poems, Glasg., 1788, 12mo.
Galloway, Robert. 1. Manual of Quantitative Ana-
lysis, Lon., 1850, p. Svo.
'■ This is really a valuable little book. We have not for a long
time met with an introductory Manual which so completely fulfils
its intention." — Lon. Atlienn^am.
2. The First Step in Chemistry, 1851, p. Svo.
"■We heartily commend this unpretendiugand useful work to the
be,ids of srlini;tstic i-stablishuients, and to others who are anxious
to initials Ibrii' jmjiils into the principles of a most fascinating and
most useful branrh of human knowledge." — Lon. Jour, of Medicine,
M9
GAL
GAM
Galloway, Wm. Brown, Curate of Barnard Castle.
1. Philos. and Relig., revised ed., Lon., 1842. Svo. 2. The
Gate of Prophecy, 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Vow of the Gi-
leadite; a Lyric Narrative, 1846, fp, Svo.
'■ The fine flowing style in wliiuh it is writti'n, and tbe pure and
hallowed feeling which seems to have dictated every line, are quali-
ties sufficient to ensure for this Poem a lasting reputation."
4. An Apocalyptic Chart, 1852. 5. The Messiah Theo-
logically and Practically Contemplated, 1854, Svo,
Gallup, James, M.D. Sketches of Epidemic Diseases
in the State of Vermont to 1815, 1816, Svo.
Gaily, Henry, D.D., 1G96-1769, Lecturer of St. Paul's,
Covent-Garden, 1721; Pruh. of Gloucester, 1723. 1. Two
Serms., Lon., 1723, Svo. 2. The Moral Characters of Theo-
phrastus, from the Greek, 1725, Svo. 3. Church and Col-
lege Fines, 1731, Svo. In answer to EvERAitD Fleetwood,
7- V. 4. Serm., 1739, 4to. 5. Clandes. Marriages, 1750, '51,
8vo. 6. Dissert, ags. pronouncing Greek according to Ac-
cents, 1754, '55, Svo. 7. Second Dissert, on do., 1702, Svo.
Galoway, or Gallon ay, Patrick. HisCatechi^me,
Lon., 15SS, Svo.
Galpine, Calvin. Serms., 1721, Svo; 1722, 4to.
Galpine, John. Serms., 1703, Svo.
Galpine, John. A Synoptical Compend of British
Botany, Salisb., 1S05, 12mo; Lou., 1S06, 12mo; Liverp.,
1819, l2mo. New cd., Lon., 1854, 12mo.
'' The most complete book of the kind on so small a scale, in the
English language." — Lmvndes's Bihl. Man.
Gait, John, 1779-1S39, a native of Ayrshire, educated
at Greenock, proving unfortunate in trade in London, com-
menced the study of the law, which ho soon forsook for
letters. He acted for some time as agent to a company for
establishing emigrants in Canada, (see his novel of Lawrie
Todd,) but quarrelled with the Government, and was sus-
pended by the Cauada Company. After his return to Eng-
land he supported himself by the labours of a most prolific
pen.
The following list of works, many of them in two and
three vols, each, exhibits a life of great literary industry.
1. Four Tragedies, viz. ; Maddalen, Agamemnon, Lady
Macbeth, Antonio and Clytemnestra. Severely criticized
in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 33—41. 2. Voyages aud Travels
in 1809, '10, '11. 3. Life of Wolsey, 1812. Severely cri-
ticized in the Lon. Quar. Rev., viii. 163-172. 4. Reflec. on
Polit. and Commercial Subjects. 5. Letters from the Le-
vant, 1813. 6. Life and Studies of Beuj. West, ISIO, and
Pt. 2. 7. The Majolo. 1816. S. Pictures from Eng., Scotch,
and Irish Ilist. 9. The Wandering Jew. 10. Andrew of
Padua. 11. The Eartlnfuake. 12. The Ayrshire Legatees,
1820. 13. The Annals of the Parish, 1821. Highly com-
mended by Sir Walter Scott; see his Life. 14. Sir An-
drew Wylie. 15. The Entail. 16. The Steam-Boat. 17.
The Provost: thought by (lult to be his best novel. 18.
Ringan Gilhaize. 19. The Spaewife. 20. Rothelan.
21. The Last of the Lairds. 22. Lawrie Todd. 23. South-
ennan. 24. Guide to the Canadas, by A. Picken. 25. The
Omen, 1824. 26. Eben Erskine. 27. Glenfell. 28. Lives
of the Players. 29. The Bachelor's Wife. 30. Rocking-
Horse. 31. Gathering of the West. 32. Poems. 33. The
Member. 34. The Radical. 35. Stories of the Study.
36. Apotheosis of Sir Walter Scott. 37. New British
Theatre. 38. Memoirs of George the Third. 39. Life of
Lord Byron, 1S30. 40. Bogle Corbet. 1831. 41. Stanley
Buxton, 1832. 42. The Stolen Child, 1833. 43. Autobio-
graphy of John Gait, 1833. 44. Literary Life and Mis-
cellanies, 1S34. Mr. Gait also edited an edit, of Henry
Mackenzie's Works, aud engaged in other literary labours.
In addition to the authorities cited above, see Lon.
Quar. Rev., vii. 297, xxvi. 364; Ed. Rev., xxiii. 40;
Westm. Rev., xii. 405, xiii. 345, xvi. 321, xvii. 182; Fra-
ser's Mag., i. 236, ii. 555 ; Lon. Mouth. Rev., cxxxii. 249 ;
Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1839, 92-94; N. Amer. Rev., by
Willard Phillips, xxxi. 380; Life of the Rev. Sydney
Smith, vol. ii. ; Maddeu's Life of the Countess of Bless-
ington; Mrs. Thompson's RecoUec. of Lit. Characters, etc.
*■ There is a thorough quiiintness of phrase .ind dialogue in Mr.
Galfs hest works, whiLh plact'S him apart tiom all other Scotch
novelists; much knowledge of life, vari'-'ty of character, liveliness
and humour, are displayed in these novels, and render them justly
popular. This humour and truth were recognised as admii-able
hy Sir Walter Scott. The public will not soon forget his Ayrshire
Iiegatees. his Annals of the I'arish, nor the Entail; which last
we think one of his best novels. Mr. Gait's biof^raphies, and
many of his other Inter wurks, manufactured for the booksellers,
are of a very different character." — Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1S39,
03-94.
"According to our judc;ment, he has never written better than
second-rate books; thout^h we have ever found, in what we consi-
dered his worst picL-L'S. something of his best self, and something
which carried us through the whole, at the same time leaving in-
65U
struction fi-esh and precise upon our minds. And this is paying a '
creat deal, when we consider the cataloj^ue of his writinjj;s. Indeed,
his mind is such, that it cannot t;ive out any thing belon^Jting to
it, which partakes not of its original nature. Strong, and what is
called rnufjh good sense is ever there; familiar but most expresf^ive
thoughts find similar illustrations most readily with him, which
we presume could not have been improved by long study. . . . He
is, besidi'S, strictly a moral as well as remarkablv entertaining
writ«r."— Zo». M(mth. Rev., vol. xxiv.. ;V^, S., 1833, 249-267.
■' He has no classic predilections, and sets up no favourite au-
thor as a model; he aims at no studied elegance of phrasL% cares
nothing for formal accuracy of costume, seems not at all solicitous
about the dignity of human nature, and thinks chivalry a joke.
He leaves all these matters to take care of themselves, and sets to
work to reail us a chapter of living life, like one sure of securing
listeners."— Allan Cunninguam : Bivg. and Crif. Hist, of the
Lit. nf the hist Fifty Years.
Gait, Matthew. Serms., 1807, Svo.
Galton. Conformity required by Law, 1705, Svo.
Gallon, S. T. Chart of Notes, Bullion, &c., Lon.,
1S13, 8vo.
Galton, Saml. On Canal Levels, in Thorn. Ann.
Philos., 1817.
Gam, David. Adi^inis. of Wra. Pitt, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Ganiage, Wm, Linsi-Woolsie; or, two Centuries
of Epi^rammes, Oxf., 1G13, 12mo.
*' Another title-page bears the date of 1621 ; hut it is rather un-
likely that such trash should go through a second imprt-ssion." —
Bibl. Bnt.
Surely much " trash" has gone through many " impres-
sions."
Gamage, Wm., M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1818,
aged '.i7. He pub. several articles in the N. E. Jour, of
Med., and some account of the fever of 1817-18, with some
remarks on typhus.
Gambado, Geoffrey. See Bt:NBURY, Henry.
Gambier, Sir E. J. Parochial Settlement, 2d ed.
by J. (ircenwoud. Lon., 1S?>5, 12mo.
Gambier, Rev. Jas, Ed, Introduc. to the Study of
Moral Evidences, Lon., 1800, 'OS, '10, Svo.
"■ A work of sound interesting argument." — BickeTsteth*s Chris.
St2l.
Gamble, Rev. H. J. 1. Scripture Baptism, Lon.,
1S50, 12uio. 2. Paul the Aposlle, 1851, 12mo.
'•The book is wfll adapted under tlie Divine blessing to create
and foster a healthy and manly piety." — Lon. Christian Times.
Gamble, John. Songs and Dialogues by Tho.
Stanley, set to Musick. Lun., 1057, fol.
Gamble, John. 1. Communication by Signals, Lon.,
1797, 4to. 2. Dublin and the N. of Ireland in 1810, *11,
Svo; do. in 1812, '13, Svo.
" Always agreeable aud often edifying." — Lon. Crit. Rev., 1813.
"Of a very ordinary description — low scenes and low humour
making up the principal part of the uaiTative." — ItEV. Sydney
Smitu : Iklin. Rev., 1820.
3. Sar-sfield ; a Tale, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Howard ; a
Nov., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gambeld, W. Welsh Grammar, Carm., 1727, Svo.
Gambold, John, d. 1771, a bishop among the Unitas
Fratrum, or Moravian Brethren, was a native of South
Wales, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was
for somo time a clergyman of the Church of England. Ho
pub. an ed. of the Greek Te.'^t., a number of Discourses,
poems, hymns, a tragedy, Ac. Ho was professedly the
editor, and was one of the principal translators from the
High Dutch, of Crantz's History of Greenland, 1767, 2 vols.
Svo; with continuation, 1820, 2 vols. Svo.
•' As to Greenland, (making mention of Torfa'us hereafter,) may
I not rest satisfied with the exclusive recommendation of tho
translation (by tbe pious and leaiiied Gumhold) from the high
Dutch of old Ci-antz in 1767. 2 vols. Hvo, with cuts — worth about
ISs. 8(i." — Dilniin's Lib. Comp.
Works, with Life, Bath, 1789, Svo. New ed., with Essay-
by Thomas Erskine, Esq., Advocate, Glasg., 1822, 12mo.
''It is impossible to read Gambolds works without being con-
vinced that he enjoyed much communion with God, and was much
conversiint with heavenly things, and that hence he had imbilted
much of the spirit, and caught much of the tone, of the gloriOed
church aliove."
" The specimens you have presented of his writings give me a
high opinion of his genius, and there are occasional flashes in hia
poetry of great brilliancy and power. The * Mystery of Life' con-
tains some exiiuisite touches, and cannot but recall to every man
who has indulged in musings beyond this sublunary scene some
of those thouj-hts whif-h have pjissed before him in an unearthly
form, as he has communed with his own soul." — Judge Joseph
Sfory to Rev. John Bracer, JV'W. 10, ItiSG. Sloi-y's Life and Letters,
ii. 239. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
GammcU, William, b. 1S12, at Medfield, Mass., is
a son of Ilev. William Gammell. who was settled iit New-
port, R. I. Tho subject of this notice graduated at Brown
University, Providence, K. I., in 1831, was appointed
Professor of Rhetoric in that University in 183ti, jind ia
1850 was transferred to tho chair of History and Poli-
tical Economy, which ho still occupies, (1858.) 1. Life of
GAM
Roger Williams, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2(1 series, vol. iv.,
aud afterwartls in a separiite vol. Seo this reviewed in
N. Amer. llev., Ixi. 1-21). 2. Life of Samuol Ward, Go-
vernor of Rhode Island, in Sparks'a Amer. Biog., 2d se-
ries, vol. iv. 3. Hist, of the Amer. Baptist Missions,
Boston, 12uio.
Extract from the Certiiicato of Rev. Drs. Cone, Sharp,
and Chaso, Committee appointed by the Missionary Union
to examine the Work ;
"The undersigned having been requested by the Executive
Committee of the Missionary Union to re;id. in manuscript, Prof.
Ganmiell's History of American Baptist Missions, are happy to
state tbat, in our opinion, the work is well adapted to accomplish
the important purposes for which it was written. Such a history
we think to he much needed, and worthy of bcinc read by all. It
exhibits gratifying evidence of research, tidelitv and ^lci!l. It sets
before the reader, in a lucid manner, facts thai sIk-oM n<-ver be
forgotten. i;;omeof them in power to awaken al ten I ion and touch
the heart, could scarcely be surpassed iiy fiction."
And see a review of this work in N. Amer. Rev., Isx.
57-78. Mr. Oammell has also pub. several discourses,
Ac, and contributca many articles to Reviews, especially
to the Christian Review, Boston, of which be was for three
or four years associate editor.
Games, John. Gardening, 1724, 4to.
Gammon, John. Discourse, 173S, ]2mo.
Gamou, Hannibal. Serm., Lon., 11)29, Ito.
Gamier,<-rt'i^ory,lvnt. Poet. Tales,Bath,l 779, SQi.4to.
Gander, Josi!i>h. 1. Fishery, Lon., 1699, Svo. 2. R.
Navy, 17l)o, 4to. 3. Q. Anne's Sovereignty of the Sea as-
serted, 170:!. 4to.
Gaudulphy, Peter, 1760 ?-lS21, a R. Cath. priest.
1. The Ancient Faith, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Liturgy, 1812,
Svo. 3, 4. Letters to H. Marsh, D.I)., 1812, '13, 8vo. 5.
Serms., 1813, Svo. 6. Serm., 1813, 4to. The works of this
writer are highly esteemed by many members of his
church.
Gandon, James, 1760-1824, an architect, edited the
Vitruvius Britanuicus, 3 vols, fol., &o. See his Life, with
notices of contemp. artists, Lon., 1847, Svo.
Gaudy, Henry. Govt, of England, Lon., 1705, Svo.
Gandy, Henry. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709-12.
Gaudy, Joseph. 1. Designs for Cottages, Ac., Lon.,
1S05, 4to. 2. Rural Architect, 1806, 4to.
Gane, John. Serm., 172S, Svo.
Ganly, 'I'. J. Trans, of M. Girard's Treatise on the
Teeth of the Horse, Lou.
"The above useful treatise is calculated to be of considerable
service in the present state of our knowledge. V^e i-ecommend the
work to the Amateur, the Practitioner, and the Veterinary Stu-
dent."— Lon. L'lnct'l.
Gannett, Rev. Caleb, 1745-181S. Obsorv. on an
Eclipse: Aurora Borealis; Trans. Amer.Acad., vols. i. and ii.
Gano, Rev. John, d. 1804, aged 77. Mem. of his
Life, 1S06, 12mo.
Gapper, K. P. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1S05.
Gar., Bar. See Garter, B.^rnard.
Garbett, James, Archdeacon of Chichester, Prof,
of Poetry, Oxford. 1. Christ as Prophet, Priest aud King ;
S Lects. at Bnuijiton Lect., 1842, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
" An able, learned, and valuable publication, the fruits Of many
years' study and rellection." — L(»l. Chris. Observ.
2. Parochial Serms., 1843, '44, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Review
of Dr. Pusey's serm., and the doctrine of tho Eucharist,
1843, Svo. 4. De Re Poetica Pra^lectioues Academicne,
1846. 5. De Re Critica Pra3lectiones Academtca^ 1S47.
6. Christ on Earth, in Heaven, and on tho Judgment-Seat,
1847, 2 vols. 12mo.
" No one can read these volumes without great delight and pro-
fit."—Zoji. Chris. Observ.
7. The Beatitudes of the Mount, in 17 Serms., 1853, p. Svo.
"As a poet, a scholar, a theologian, and a Christian. Archdeacon
Garbett is moi-e than usually qualified for such a task as that
which he has here imposed on himself. His licb and tlnwing style
is w,^ll aii.ipted to the grandeur and beauty of bis sol)JHct. aud we
frequently meet with passages of great and philosopbical depth, as
well as gre.at oratorical powers." — C/t. of Eng. Quar. licv.
Prof. Garbett has also pub. a number of occasional
serms., letters, Ac, 1843-53.
Garbutt, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1669, '75, '99.
Garde, Richard. 1. Law of Evidence, Lon., 1830,
12mo. 2. Rules of Pleading, 2d ed., l,S4l, Svo.
Garden, Alex. Scottish Kings, Edin., 1709, 4to.
Garden, Alex., 1685-1756, a clergyman of the Epis-
copal Church, resided many years in Charleston, S. C.
1. Six Lett, to Whitefield, 1740. 2. Justification. 3. Two
Serms.. 1712.
Garden, Alex., M.D., 1730-1791, a native of Edin-
burgh, resided in Charleston, S. C, 1750-S3. 1. Med.
properties of the Virginia Pink Root, 1764, '72. 2. Con.
to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1771. 3. To PhU. Trans., 1775.
GAR
See Ramsay's Biog. Sketches, in his Hist, of S. Carolina,
vol. ii.
Garden, Charles, D.D. An Improved Version at-
tempted of tho Book of Job, Lou., 17U6, Svo.
" It is not, I have reason to think, a bookof auy importance." —
Oi-mc'.s- lUbl Bib.
"A blink of great pretensions, but indilTerent execution. See an
analysis of it in the British Critic, U. S., vol. is., pp. lt>8-175." —
Home's Hibl. Bib.
Garden, Francis, Lord Gardenstone, 1721-1793, a
Scottish Judge. 1. Travelling Memoranda, Lon., 1792-95,
3 vols. 12mo. 2. MiscelLanies in Prose and Verse, Edin.,
1791, 12mo. 3. Lett, to the Inhabitants of Laurencekirk.
"Containing much salutary advice." — Btlil. Brit.
See Sinclair's Statis. Reports ; Life prefixed to the last
vol. of his Memoranda; Encyc. Brit,
Garden, Francis. 1. Vindic. of the Scot. Episcopate,
Edin., 1847, Svo. 2. Discourses on Heavenly Knowledge
and Heavenly Love, 1848, Svo. 3. Lectures on the Beati-
tudes, 1853, 12mo. 4. Four Serms. on the Present Crisis,
1854. 12mo.
Garden, George, M.D. Cou. to Phil. Trans, on nat.
philos., .ic, 1677-96.
Garden, James, D.D., Prof, of Theol., King's Coll.,
Aberd. Circular Monuments in Scotl. ; in Archseol., 1776.
Garden, James. Hist, of Henry III., last of tho
House of Valois. K. of France, Lon., 1783, Svo.
Gardener, Thomas. Art of Embalming, 4to.
<iardenor, VVni. 1. Articled Clerk's Assist., Lon.,
1839, 12mo. 2. Direc. for Drawing Abstracts of Title, 2d
ed., 1847, 12mo.
Gardenstone, Lord. See Garden, Francis.
Gardiner, Capt. A. F., "the Patagonian martyr."
1. Missionary Journey to tho Zoolu Country in 1835, Lon.,
1S36, Svo. 2. Visit to Indians on the Frontiers of Chili,
1841, p. Svo. 3. A Voice from South America, 1847, 12mo.
Gardiner, Edmund. Tri.al of Tobacco; expressing
its uses in Physic, Lon., 1610, 4to.
Gardiner, J. Excur. from London to Dover, with
acct, of Manufactures, &c., Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12rao.
Gardiner, James, Bishop of Lincoln. 1. Serm.,
Lou., 1695, 4to. 2. Advice, 1097, 4to. 3. Serm., 1701, 4to.
Gardiner, James. Serms., 1096-1713.
Gardiner, James, Sub-Dean of Line. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1713, 8vo. 2. Expos, of the Serm. on the Mount, 1720. Svo.
Gardiner, John. Circ. of the Blood, 1700, '02, 4to.
Gardiner, John. Serm., 1752, 4to.
Gardiner, John, M.D. 1. Animal (Economy, Edin.,
1784, Svo. 2. Gout, &a., 1793, Svo. 3. Essays, 1803, '04,
2 vols. Svo. 4. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1771.
Gardiner, John, D.D., Rector of Brailsford, and Vi-
car of Shirley, Derbyshire, pub. a ntimber of occasitmal
serms., 1793-1811, and a vol. of serms. preached at Bath,
1802, Svo.
" A volume by Dr. Gardiner, the eloquent preacher of Bath, dis-
plays an union of Alignment and Eloquence not often met with
in English Sermons." — Clapha;m.
" We perceive that he is au admirer and imitator of the French
Ilivines: his work, therefore, partakes of some of their imperfec-
tions, but has also many of their excellencies." — Lon. Chns. Obstrv.
Gardiner, John Smallman. The Art and Pleasure
of Hare Hunting, Lon., 1750, Svo. An extended ed. of
this pamphlet was pub. by Wm. Blake. 1781, '88, Svo.
Gardiner, John Sylvester John, D.D., 1765-1830,
an Episcopal minister. Rector of Trinity Church, Boston,
Mass., was a native of South Wales. He died at Harrow-
gate, England, where he was residing on account of his
health. He pub. a number of serms. and theolog. treatises,
1802-13. Sec Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. and autho-
rities there cited.
Gardiner, Ralph. England's Grievance discovered
in rel. to tho Coal Trade, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Gardiner, Richard, 1691-1670, Canon of Christ Ch.,
1629; Chaplain to Charles I., 1630. 1. Oceas. Serms., 1622-
76. 2. Specimen Oratorium, 1653, '57, '62, '68, '75, Svo.
3. 16 Serms., 1659, Svo.
" A quaint preacher and orator." — Athfn. Oron.
Gardiner, Richard. Elegy, Ac, Lon., 1754, fol.
Gardiner, Capt. Richard. 1. Expcd. to the W.
Indies. 1759, Birm., 1762, 4to. 2. Siege of Quebec, Lon.,
1761. 4to. 3. Lett, to Sir Harbord, 1778, Svo.
Gardiner, or Gardner, Richard. Answer to a Nar-
ration by ,Jas. Poole, 1805, Svo.
(Jardiuer, Samuel, D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1597-
1611.
Gardiner, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1660-81.
Gardiner, Samuel. Visit. Serm., 1672, 4to.
Gardiner, Samuel. E.xam. of Pius's Creed, Lon.,
1689, fol. In Gibson's Preservative, xiv. 242.
651
GAR
Gardiner, Stephen, 1483-1555, a native of Bury
St. Edmund's, educated at Trinity Hall, Camb., hecaiue
Secretary to Cardinal Wolsey. In 1627, in comrany with
Edward Fox, he visited Rome, and made an ineflectual
attempt to persuade the pope to consent to the divorce of I
Henry VIII. from Queen Catherine. He however aided
his royal master in the prosecution of his wirkeil design,
and was made Secretary of State, and in 1631 Bishop of
Winchester. Being opposed to the Keformation, he was
imprisoned under Edward VI.. but restored to his bishopric i
upon the accession of Queen Mary, and in 1553 made Lord Calendar; or, T
Chancellor and Prime Minister. He used his power for ] _ Oarlieia, J
the purposes of persecution, anil the Protestants iound in
him a most determined foo. He was a man of great learn-
int?, judgment, and tact, and deeply versed m the Itnow
led.'e of human nature. 1. Devera Obedientia,Lon.,163i,
'35°4:to In English, by M. Wood, Roan, 1563, 12mo.
With Bonner's Pref., Ilamh., 1536, 8vo. 2. A Necessary
Doctrine of a Christian Man, 1543. 3. Sacrament of the
Aulter, 1551, 8vo. He also pub. some tracts rel. to Bucer
&c., 1544-54. He wrote a number of letters to Smith and
Ch'e'ke, respecting the proper pronunciation of the Greek
tongue. See an account of this controversy in Baker a
Reflections on Learning. .^ ^ ^. u
" linger Ascham, wilh a couitlv address, declares, that thou!?!!
the kni»hts shew themselves better critics, yet tiardinei's letters
manifest a superior genius, and were only liable to censure, from
his entering further into a dispute of this kind, than was neces-
sjiry for a person of his dignity."
Godwin and Parker say that he died repeating these
words : " Erravi cum Petro, et nou flevi cum Petro."
" He was to be traced like the fox : and. like the Hebrew, w.as to
be read backwards."— Woyrf's StaU Worthi/ts.
See Biog. Brit. ; Strype's Cranmer, and also his Annals
and Memorials; Burnet; Fox; Collier; Gilpin; Ueylin;
Dodd.
Gardiner, W. See Giebon, Edwakd.
Gardiner, Wm. Expos, of Two Prophecies, 8vo.
' Gardiner, Wm. Logarithms, Lou., 1752, 4to.
Gardiner, Wm. The Sultana, in 5 Acts, 1806, '09.
Gardiner, Wm., is favourably known as the author
of Music of Nature, Music and Friends. Sights in Italy, &c.
Gardner, Augustus K., M.D., a physician of New
York, a son of Samuel .lackson Gardner, (see;w«(,) is the
author of Old Wine in New Bottles ; or, Spare Hours of a
Student in Paris, N. Y., 1848, 12mo. He has pub. a num-
ber of med. tracts and essays.
Gardner, Charles K., U. S. Army. A Dictionary of
all ofBcers who have been commissioned, or have been ap-
pointed and served in the Army of the United States, 1789-
1853, with other matter, N. York, 1853, 12ino, pp. 687.
This useful work is the result of the labour of four years.
Gardner, D. Pereira. Medical Chemistry, Lon.,
1848, p. Svo; Phila., 1S4S, &c., 12mo. Other works.
Gardner, Edward, M.D. Reflections rel. to Pop.,
Provisions, Ac, Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Inoculation, 1801, Svo.
Gardner, George, M.D. Travels in the Interior of
Brazil, 1836-41, Lon., 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1847.
'• Not satisfied with the mere exploration of the coasts he plunged
into the interior as far to the west as the tributariesof the Amazon,
and from near the equator to the iSd degree of south latitude.
Some of the regions which he visited have seldom been trod by
Europeans— never by Englishmen.'"— Zoti. Ath<:na:um.
Gardner, J. Student's Guide to the Inner Temple,
2d ed.; Lon., 1823, 12mo.
Gardner, John. Con. to Med. Com., 1777.
Gardner, John, M.D. Familiar Letters on Chemis-
try, by Justus Liebig, M.D., edited by J. G., 1st and 2d
series, Lon., 1841-45, 2 vols. fp. Svo.
" That the public will discover its merits, and that it will find its
way into the drawing-room as well as the library.' and be equally
prized by the advanced man of science and the student, we ven-
ture to say is certain ; and it must increase the respect enteitamed
for chemistry wherever it is read."— i<m. Chemical GazeUc.
Gardner, L. P. 1. Serm. 2. Education, 1803, 12mo.
Gardner, Richard. See Gardiner.
Gardner, Samuel Jackson, b. at Brookline, Mass.,
1788, a contributor and for some time editor of the Newark
Daily Advertiser, has written many essays for periodicals,
under the signatures of Decius and other titles. His writ-
ings have never been collected. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of
Amer. Lit. , , Tir ,
Gardner, Thomas. 1. Roads in Eng. and Wales,
Lon., 1719, 4to. 2. Hist, Acct. of Dunwich, Blithburgh,
and Southwold. 1754, 4to.
Gardner, or Gardiner, W. Poems, ic., 1813-15.
Gardner, Wm. Serins., 1726, '45.
Gardnor, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1799, 4to. 2. J. Q.
and R. G., Jr., Views near the Rhine at Aix-Ia-Chapelle,
Ac, 1788, '92, 4to.
GAR
Gardyner, George. Description of America and the
people, Lon., 1C51, 12mo.
Garencieres, Theophilus. General Instructions;
Divine, Moral, Historical, Ac, York, 1728, Svo. We pre-
suiiia this author to have been a son of Theophilus De
Garencieres, a native of Paris, a physician, first at Caen
and afterwards in London, and the author of some medical
and other works. f5ee Bibl. Brit. ; Wood's Fasti ; Rees's Cyc.
Garencieres,TheophilusI>e. See preceding article.
Garey, Samuel. 1. Serm.. Lon., 1615, 4to. 2. Little
Triple Diary, 1618, 4to.
Trans, of the Dialogues on Polygamy
by Bernardin Ochinus.
Garioch, George. 1. Serms., Doct. and Prac, Edin.,
Svo. 2. Association ; or, the Progress of Feeling; a Poem
in four books, 1839, 12mo.
" The author has evidently cultivated the spirit of gen nine poetry,
and with it that of philosophy and true religion."— ioa. Evangel.
Mag.
Garland, Edward. Answer to Richard Coppin's
book, i-alled A Blow at the Serpent, Lon., 1667, 4to.
Garland, II. A., d. 1850. 1. Life of Thomas Jefferson.
2. Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Itenmrkable volumes in interest and attraction."— i?«ni's
Merch. Mag.
Garland, John, or Joannes de Garlandia, who
flourished about the 11th century, is said to have been a
native of Garlande en Brie, Normandy, but Bale, Pits,
Tanner, and Prince, think that he was born in England.
1. A Poem on the Contempt id' the World, Lyon, 1489, 4to.
2 Synonyma, Paris, 1490, 4to. 3. Multorum Vocabulorum
ilquirocorum, Lon., 1492. 1500, '14, 4to. 4. Floretus; or,
Faith, Ac. 5. Facetus; a Poem, Cologne, 1520, 4to. 6. Diet.
Artis Achymise, Basle, 1571, Svo.
Garlich, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1719, '41.
Garlick, Theodatus, M.D., b. 1808, in Middlebury,
Conn. Treatise on the Artificial Propagation of Certain
Kinds of Fish, N. York, 1857, Svo.
Garmston, John. Serms., 1712-27.
Garmston, Shadrach. Serms., 1716-24.
Garner, Rev. John, M.D. Serms., med. treatises,
Ac, 1760-05.
Garner, Robert. Theolog. treatises, 1C45-1701.
Garneau, Francis Xavier, b. 1809, in Quebec.
1. Histoire du Canada, depuis sa decouverte jusqu'a nos
jours, Quebec, 3 vols., 2d ed., 1852. 2. Voyage en An-
gleterre et en France dans les annees 1S31, '32, '33, Ac.
Garner, Robert. Nat. Hist., Antiq., Manufac, Ac.
of the County of Stafl'ord, Lon., 1844, Svo.
''This handsome volume is e\artly such a book as a county
natural history should be. Staffordshire may now boast of having
the best account of its natural features and productions of any
county in England." — Lim. Athena:iim. March 'JO, 1844.
Garnet, Henry, 1555-1606, superior of the Jesuits
in England, was proved to be privy to the Gunpowder
Plot, and executed for high treason. 1. Canisius's Cate-
chism, trans, from the Latin, Lon., 1590, Svo; Si. Omer's,
1622. 2. Treat, of Christian Regeneration or Birth, Lon.,
1616, Svo. See a Relation of the Proceedings against him
and his Confederates, 1606, 4to.
Garnett, J. Total Eclipse of the Sun, June 16, 1806,
Ac, in Nicholson's Jour., 1808.
Garnett, John, D.D., d. 1782, aged 75; Bishop of
Ferns, 1752 ; trans, to Clogher, 1758. He pub. serms.,
Ac, 1740-56, and a Dissert, on the Book of Job, 1749,
'54, 4to.
"Dr. Garnett contends that the book of Job is an allegorical
drama, designed to represent the fall and restoration of a captive
Jew. and with a view ti) recommend the virtue of patience. The
author he supposes to have been Ezekiel, and the period of its
production subsequent to the Babylonish captivity. Uis hypo-
Ihesis is nearly allied to tliat of Warburton, but diflVrently sup-
ported.''— Onuc'n Bibl. Bib.
Garnett, John, Prcb. of Winchester. Serms., 1802,
'03, 4to.
Garnett, Thomas, M.D., 1766-1802, pub. several
profess, works, and Observ. on a Tour through the High-
lands and Part of the Western Islands of Scotland, Lon.,
1800, 2 vols. 4to.
'' Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, antiquities, botany, and
manners, are treated of, though not In a masterly manner."-
Stevenson's Vaij. and Trav.
After his death was pub. his Zoonomia, 1804. 4to. He
contributed to Med. Com., 1788 ; Trans. Irish Acad., 1794;
Memoirs .Med., 1795.
Garuham, Robert E., 1753-1802, a native of Bury
St. Edmund's, curate of Newton and Great Welnetham,
pub. a number of theolog. letters, reviews, Ac, 1789-94.
See Lon. Gout. Mag., 1802.
GAR
GAR
Gamier, Thomas, Rector of Trin. Cb., Marylebone.
Domestic Duties: Serins., Lon., 1S51, 12iuo.
Garnons, John, d. about 1792. Serma., Lon., 179;^,
2 vols. Svo.
Garrard, ^Edmund. Intermarriages between the
Koyal Lines of Eng. and Spaine, &c., 1624, 4to.
Garrard, Eliz. Miscell. Prose and Verse, 1800.
Garrard, George. Descrip. of Oxen in the Brit.
Isle?, Lon.. 1802. ob. fol., with 28 engravings.
Garrard, Will. The Arte of VVarre, corrected and
finished by Captaine Hitchcock, 1691, 4to.
Garrard, \Vm. Trigonom. Tables, Lon., 17S9, Svo.
2. Lunar Observ., 1799, 4to. 3. Seamen's Preceptor,
1802, Svo.
Garratt, Samuel, Minister of Trin. Ch., St.-Giles-in-
the-Fields. 1. Scripture Symbolism, Lon., 1848, fp. Svo.
2. Dawn of Life, 2d ed., 1849, 12mo. 3. Our Father, 1854,
12mo.
Garratt, W. A. Proceed, in Chancery, Lon., 1837.
Garrete, Walter. Theolog. treatises. 16S0-17O3.
Garrick, David, 1716-1779, the grandson of a
Frenchman, and son of Peter Garrick, a captain in the
Royal Army, was a native of Hereford. In 1735 he was
placed at a school opened in Lichfield by Samuel John-
son; and when his master determined to try his fortune in
London, the pupil thought that he could do no better than
bear him company. The great eminence in their respec-
tive departments to which the adventurers attained is well
known to our readers. After a short experience as a wine-
merchant, Garrick indulged a darling passion which had
long possessed him, and made his appearance on the stage,
where his success was unbounded. For a period of forty
years he trod the boards without a rival, and at his death
left an estate valued at £140,000. He was equally at
home in tragedy or comedy.
*' Every passion of the human breast seemed subjected to his
powers of expression; nay, even time itself appeared to stand still
or advance as he would have it. Rage and ridicule, doubt and
despair, transport and tenderness, compassion and contempt, love,
jealousy, fear, fury, and simplicity, all took in turn possession of
his features, while each of them in turn appeared to be the sole
possessor of those features. One night old a-^e sat on his counte-
nance, as if the wrinkles she had stamped there were indelible;
the next the gaiety and bloom of youth seemed to overspread his
face and smooth even those marks which time and muscular con-
formation might have really made there. These truths were ac-
knowledged by all who saw him in the several characters of Lear,
or Uamlet, Richard, Uorilas, Romeo, or Lusignan; iu his Ranger,
Bays, Drugger, Kitely, Brute, or Benedict."
Mrs. Garrick, who was a MissViegel, (she subsequently
changed her name to Violette,) a native of Vienna, and a
stage-dancer in London, survived her husband forty-three
years, dying in 1822, in her 97th year. See Lon. Gent.
Mag., Nov. 1822.
As an author, Mr. Garrick's talents were respectable.
Of his original compositions. The Lying Valet, Miss in her
Teens, and The Clandestine Marriage, {the last written in
conjunction with Colman,) are the principal favourites.
A list of more than forty pieces, written or altered by
him, will be found in the Biog. Dramat. ; and, in addition
to these and others, he wrote epigrams, odes, and many
prologues, epilogues, and songs. Dramatic Works, Lon.,
1768, 3 vols. 12mo; 1798, 3 vols. 12mo.
" A wretched and imperfect collection." — Loimides^s Bthl. Man.
Poetical works now first collected, with Explan. Notes,
1785, 2 vols. 12mo. Of Garrick's Mode of Reading the
Liturgy, a new ed., by R. Cull, was pub. in 1840, Svo. See
Davies's and Murphy's Lives of Garrick; Biog. Dramat.;
Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Boswell's Johnson ; Cumberland's
Life; Mason's Life of Whitehead; Colmau's Random
Records.
Much of interest relating to the literary hi.story of the
times will be found in Garrick's Private Correspondence
with the most celebrated persons of his time, now first
published from the originals, and illustrated with Notes
and a New Biographical Memoir, splendidly printed, with
fine portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1831-32, 2 vols, r,
4to, pub. at £5 bs.
This interesting work contains upwards of two thousand
letters from many of the eminent men of the times in which
Garrick lived — from Lords Lyltelton, Camden, Chatham,
Dr. Johnson, Boswell, Goldsmith, Gibbon, Sheridan, Hume,
Robertson, Murphy, George Steevens, Richard Cumber-
land, Bp. Warburtnn, Bp. lloadly, Burke, Junius, Wilkes,
Dr. Franklin, Churchill. Sir J.Reynolds, Gainsborough,
George Colman. Mrs. Clive, Mrs. Montague, and fifty
others. There are also numerous letters from foreign cor-
respondents, iimong whom may be named Voltaire, Beau-
marchais, Algarotti, Diderot, Baron Grimm, Helvetius,
Riccoboni, Baron Koch, and Wieland.
*' Have you seen the second volvime of the Garrick Correspond-
ence? Ir it not a treat? Glorious Garrick!" — The late C. Mathews.
"Garrick's appearance forms an epnch in the history of the Kug-
Hsh theatre, as he chiefly dedicated his talents to the great cha-
racters of Shakspeare, and built his own fanio on the growing
admiration of the poet. Befor.- his time. Shakspeare had only been
brought on the stage in mutilated and disfiguied alterations. Gar-
rick returned on the whole to the true orii^inals. thoui,'h he still
allowed himself to make some very unfortunate changes. It ap-
I pears to nie that the only excusable alteration of Shakspeare is,
10 leave out a few things not in conformity to the taste of the time.
1 Garrick was undoubtedly a gi-eat actor. Whether he always con-
ceived the parts of Shakspeare in the sense of the poet. I from the
very circumstances stated in the eulogies on his acting should be
! inclined to doubt. lie excited, however, a noble emulation to
represent worthily the great national poet; this has evei- since
i been the highest aim of actors, and even at present the stagf can
boast of men whose histrionic talents are deservedly famous." —
Schl^'f/ePs LecL on Dramat. Art and Lit.
Garrison, \Vm. Lloyd, L Thoughts on African
Colonization, Bost., 1832, Svo. 2. Sonnets and other
Poems, 1843, 18mo. The sonnet entitled The Free Mind
possesses decided merit.
Garrod, Alfred B., M.D., and Edward Ballard,
M.D. Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Lon.,
1845,8vo. Amer.ed.,eclited by R.E.Griffith. M.D.,Phila., Svo.
" As a manual for students, it is the best that has yet appeared.
; and will be found to contain much matter well woithy of perusal
I by the practitioner." — J?anHnf/^s Ettport.
i Dr. Garrod has also pub. Physical Diagnosis of Dis-
eases of the Abdomen, Lon., 1S52, 12mo ; and On Pain
■ after Foorl, 1854, p. Svo.
' Garrow, D, W., D.D. 1. Hist, and Antiq. of Croy-
don. Crny, 1S18, Svo. 2. 8erms.. Lon., 1820, Svo.
Garrow, J. Semi., Lon., LS12.
Garroway, Alderman. Speech, 1642, 4to.
Garstin, John, Major-Gcneral, Trans, of Paul
Frisi's Treat, on Rivers and Torrents, &c.
Garter, Barnard. 1. The tragical Hist, of two Eng-
lish Lovers, written V»y Bar. Gar., Lon., 1565, IGmo. In
verse; 95 leaves. Bindley, £30 19?. 6(7. Perry, £32 10s.
Garth, John. Psalms set to Mu^ic, Lon., 1759, fol.
Garth, Sir Samuel, d. 1718-19, a native of York-
shire, was educateil at Peter House, Camb., where he took
his degree of M.D. in 1001, and was admitted Fellow,
June 26. 1G93. In 16S7 commenced a quarrel lietwecn
the physicians and apothecaries, the latter of whom op-
posed the design of the former to furnish the poor with
advice gratis and medicines at prime cost. To hold the
apothecaries up to public reprobation and ridicule, Garth
pub. in 1699, 4to, his satirical poem of the Dispensary,
which pleased the town so much that it went through
three editions in a few months, and many were subse-
quently pub. The 9th ed., which contains a number of
episodes and inscriptions, appeared in 1706. Pope re-
marks that it had been "corrected in every edition, and
that every change was an improvement." AVhen Garth, in
1697, spoke what is now called the Ilarveian Oration, he
followed up the blow in Latin, and the poor apothecaries
were placed completely hors du ronibat. lie also wrote
the epilogue to Addison's tragedy of Cato, pub. a poem
entitled Chircmout, and in an ed. of Ovid's Metamorphoses,
pub. in 1717, trans, the whole 14th book, and the story of
Cippus in the 15th ; the Preface is also his. Works, 1769,
12mo. He lived witliout religion, and. according to Pope
— an intimate friend, — died a Roman Catholic.
'"His poetry has been praised at least equally to its merit. In
the Dispensary there is a strain of smooth and free rei-sification;
but few lines are eminently elegant. No passages fall below me-
diocrity, and few rise much above it. The plan seems formed with-
out just propoition to the subject; the means and end have no
necessary connection. Resnel, in his Preface to Pope's Essay, n--
marks. that Carth exhibits no discrimination of characters; and
that what any one says might, with e'lual propriety, have bei-n
said by another. The general design is. perhaps, open to criticism ;
but the composition can seldom be charged with inaccuracy or neg-
ligence. The author never slumbers iu self-indulgence; his full
vigour is always exerted; scarcely a line is li-ft unfinished; nor is
it easy to find an expression used by constraint, or a thouifht im-
perfectly expressed. It was remarked by Pope, that the Dispen-
sary had been corrected in every edition, and that every chaugc
was an improvement. It appears, however, to want something of
poetical ardour, and something of general delectation; and there-
fore since it has been no longer supported by accidental and in-
trinsic popularity, it has been scarcely able to support itself.'' — I>r.
Jofmsoji's Lives of the Puets.
See also Biog. Brit. ; Gibber's Lives; Spence's Anecdotes.
Garthshore, Maxwell, M.D.,1732-1S12, a physician
in London for nearly fifty years, pub. an Inaugural Dissert.,
Edin.. 1764, Svo, and contributed to Med. Obs. and Inq.,
1770, and to Phil. Trans., 1787. See his biog, acct. of Dr.
Ingenhousz, iu Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1817.
653
GAR
GAS
Garthwait, Ilrnry. The Evangelical Harmony,
reducintr the IViur Evangelists into one continued Test,
Camb.. 1(>34, 4to.
Garton, James. Practical Gardener, Lon., 1709.
Gartside, M., a lady. 1. Light and Shade, Colours,
and Composition, Lon., 1S04, 4to. 2. Ornamental Groups,
Descrip.of Flowers, Birds, Shells, and Iusects,1809, imp. foL
Gartwood, or Garwood. Short Tntroduc. to Hist.,
suggested by Coghlan's Sys. of JInemouics, Lon., 1814.
Garwood, John. The Bible, Lon., 1S40, Svo.
Gascoigne, Sir Crisp. Address rel. to his conduct
in the Cases of E. Canning and M. Squires, 1754.
Gascoigiie, George, 1537-1577, after studying for
some time al Cambridge, removed to Gray's Inn, which he
deserted for the army, and served in Holland, where he
received a captain's commission from the Prince of Orange.
Returning to England, he became a courtier, and contri-
buted to the festivities which enlivened the business of
statesmen and the progress of the queen. The name of
The Princely Pleasures of Kenilworth Castle, one of Gas-
coigne's masques, will remind many of our readers of
Amy Robsart and Sir Richard Varney, of the ambitious
Earl and his imperious mistress. Among Gascoigne's best-
known pieces are; The Glasseof Gouernment ; a Tragicall
Corned ie, Lon., 1575, 4to. The Steele Glas ; aSatyre, 1576,
4to. A Delicate Diet for daintie moutbde Droonkards ;
wherein the fowle abuse of common carousing and quaff-
ing with heartie draughtes is honestly admonished, 1576,
Svo. The Broome of Doomes Day; wherein the Frailties
and Miseries of Man's Life are Huely portrayed and learn-
edly set forth, 15S6, 4to. The Comedie of Supposes, and
the Tragedie of locasta, in the collective ed. of his Whole
Woorkes, 15S7, 4to. Warton says that the Comedie of Sup-
poses was the first comedy written in English prose; and
Dr. Farmer in his Essay on Shakspeare says that the latter
borrowed part of the plot and of the phraseology of this
play, and transferred it into his Taming of the Shrew.
This was the opinion of Chalmers, Warton, and Gifford,
also. Many of Gascoigne's works are reprinted in Chal-
mers's ed. of the Poets. For notices of early eds., and of
the author, see Athcn. Oxon. ; Whetstone's Remembrance
of Gascoigne; Censura Literaria; Brit. Bibliog. ; Warton's
Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet;
Ritson's BibL Poetica; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lowndes's Bibl.
Man. ; Chalmers's British Poets.
"One of the smaller poets of Queen Elizabeth's days, whose
poetical works nevertheless have been thought worthy to he quoted
among the chief of that time; his Supposes, a Comedy; Glass of
Government, a Tragi-Comedy ; Jocasta. a Tragedy, are particularly
remembered." — PhiUi2)ss Theat. Poet.
*' A writer, whose mind, though it exhibits few marks of strength,
is not destitute of delicacy ; he is smooth, sentimental, and harmo-
nious."— Hcadhy^s Sdect Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet.
'■ lie has much exceeded all the poets of his age in smoothness
and harmony of versification." — Wartoji's Obs. en the Fairy Queen.
■' From what I have seen of his works, his fancy seems to have
been sparkling and elegant, and he always writes with the powers
of a poet.'"— Sir P. E. I{rydges. (>) his e'?.'^ of Phillips's Thait. Poff.
"In George Gascoigne's poem there are many things about the
Dutch, showing that the English despised them, and despaired of
their cause, just as in our days happened to the Spaniards:
■•'And thus, my lord, your honour may discerne
Our perils past, Ac.'"
lioht. Snuthey to John JRiclmon, March 23, 1814.
"The general commendations of Chalmers on this poet seem
rather hyperbolical. But his minor poems, especially one called
The Arraignment of a Lover, have much spirit and gaiety: and we
may leave him a respectable place among the Elizabethan versi-
fiers."— Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
Gascoigne, Henry B, Suggestions for the Em-
ployment of the Poor of the Metropolis, &c., 1S17.
Gascoyn, Sir Bernard. Descrip. of Germany, its
Govt., &c.: vide Brown's Miss. Aulie, 1702.
Gaskarth, John, D.D. Texts examined cited by
Papists for their Doctrine of Satisfaction, Lon., 1688, 4to.
And in Gibson's Preservative, x. 264. Sei*ms., &c., 1683-
1713.
Gaskell, Mrs., formerly Miss Stromkin, wife of a
Unitarian minister at Manchester, England, has attained
considerable popularity as the authur uf The Moorland
Cottage, Ruth, Mary Barton, North and South, and Cran-
ford. Mary Barton ; a Tale of Manchester Life, Lon., 1848.
"Mary Barton is a work of higher pretensions than an ordinary
novel. It aims not only at the delineationof the joys and sorrows,
the loves and hatreds of our common humanity, but it professes
also io give a picture of the feelings, habits, opinions, character,
and social condition of a particular class nf the people, — a class,
too, which has of late yeai-s attracted a great share of public atten-
tion, and has probalOy been the subject of more misconception and
misrepresentation than b;is fallen to the lot of any other. . . . The
literary merit of th^- work is in some respects of a very high order.
Its interest is intense; often painfully so."— Iklin. Rev., Ixxxis.
402-135.
654
See a review of Ruth, in the N. Brit. Rev.. May. 1853,
and of North and South, in Blackw, Mag., May, 1855.
Life of Charlotte Bronte, Author c)f Jane Eyre, Shirley,
Villette, &c., 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo. This work was alleged
to. contain several inaccuracies. The last ed., pub. in 1858,
varies considerably from the earlier issues : see Bronte,
Charlotte. Around the Sofa, 1858.
Gaskin, George, D.D., Rector of St. Benedict.
1. Serms., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1798-1821.
Gaskin, James J. 1. European Geography made
Easy, Lon., 1843, 12mo: 2d ed.. Lon., 1846. 2, Geography
and Sacred Hist, of Syria, 1846, 18mo.
Gaskiu, John. Serms., Brist., 1844, 8vo.
Gaspey, Thomas, an author of our own times, has
pub. The Witch Finder, The Self-Condemned, The History
of George Godfrey, and other romances. In oonjunciion
with George Moir Bussey, he pub. in 1850, 2 vols. imp. Svo,
Pictorial History of France and of the French People, from
the establishment of the Franks in Gaul to the French
Revolution, illustrated by nearly 400 beautiful engravings
on wood, pub. £2 16*.
"An admirably-written and very interesting work, compiled from
the writings of Sismtmdi, Lacretelle, and Thiers. It is a very de-
sirable precursor to the various Lives of Napoleon and IlistorieB
of the French Kevolution."
Gaspine, John. Serm. on Luke xii. 32, 1663, 4to.
See p. 348 of Farewell Serms., Lon., 1816, Svo.
Gass, Patrick, A Jour, of the Voyages and Travels
of a corps of discovery under the command of Capts. Lewis
and Clarke, 1804-06, Pittsburg, 1807, 12mo; Lon., I SOS,
Svo; Phila., 1810, '12, 12mo.
'■ It is curious to observe how ingeniously Mr. Gass has avoided
whatever could interest or amuse. All he says, we have no doubt,
is strictly true: at least, if intolerable dullness he a symptom of
truth in narration, he has amply vindicated his veracity.'' — Lon.
Quar. Rev., i. 293-304.
See Allen, Paul; Biddle, Nicholas; Lewis, Meri-
wether.
Gast, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Glandclogh. 1. Rud.
of Grecian Hist, to Philip of Macedon, Lon., 1754, Svo.
2. Hist, of Greece from Alex, of Macedon till the final Sub-
jection to the Koman Power, 1782, 4to. 3. Lett from a
Clergyman, Ac. to his Popish Parishioners.
Gaston, Rev. Hngh. A Scripture Account of the
Faith and Practice of Christians, consisting of collections
of pertinent texts of Scripture upon the sundry Articles of
Revealed Religion. Lon., 1764, Svo. New ed., enlarged,
by Joseph Strutt, 1813, Svo. Again, 1824, Svo. To this
ed. 20,000 references are added. Again, 1S47. Svo; Phila.,
1855, Svo. Pub. by F. Bell. See Pehcy, Thomas. The
ed. by Mr. Bell is that corrected and revised by the Rev.
John Hall. The late eds. are entitled Gaston's Common-
Place Book, Ac.
"The arriin^ement is clear, the selection of texts is sufficiently
ample, and a useful index enables the reader to find passages of
Scripture arranged on almost every topic he can desire. . . . As it
is of easy purchase, it may be substituted for any of the larger
common-plnce books." — Holme's BibL Bib.
"The attributes, perfections, and operations of God; the glories
of the Saviour: the accomplished work of redemption, and the
agency of the Holy spirit, are severally enlarged upon. The divine
law is amplified with the consentaneous illustrations of its pre-
cepts by our Lord himself, and by the prophets and apostles. The
personal and relative duties of mankind are largely insisted upon."
— Lowmles's Brit. Lib.
Gastrell, Francis, 1662-1725, a native of Slapton,
Northampton, entered Christ Church, Oxf., I6S0 ; preacher
at Lincoln's Inn, 1(594; Canon of Christ Church, Oxf.,
1702; Bishop of Chester, 1714. 1. Considerations on the
Trinity, Lon., 1G1>6, 1702, '07, 4to. Also reprinted in Bp.
Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum, vol. iii. 2. The
Certainty and Xecessity of Religion in General; 8 Serms.
at Boyle's Lcct. on Heb. xi. G, ltJ97, ViVi, Svo; 1739, fol.
Gastrell followed up this attack upon Atheism by a blow
at Deism in (3.) The Certainty of the Christian Revela-
tion, and the necessity of believing it, established, 169'J,
Svo. 4. Fast Serm., 1704, '07, 4to, 5. The Christian In-
stitutes; or, the Sincere Word of God, 1707, ^09, Svo;
1717, 12mo. Frequently reprinted; recently by the Lond.
C. K. Society in 12mo.
** This valuable little work, which may perhaps be considered as
a Concordance of parallel passages at full length, .... may be
very advanta^'eously substituted for any of the subsequent larger
and more expensive works. The 'Economy of a Christian Lite,'
published by the Kev. W. Bingley in 1SU8, 2 vols. 12mo, is similar
in design, but upon the whole better arranged than Bp. Gastrell's
little manual.'' — Home's Bibl. Bib.
6. Serm., 1712, 4to. 7. Serm. 1714, 4to. 8. Remarks
upon the Seripturo Doctrine of the Trinity, by Dr. Samuel
Clarke, 1714.
" Dr. Clarke acknowledged that the objections to his doctrine
were there set forth to p.irticular advantage, by the skill of a very
GAS
GAU
aHe and learned writer, and pnjpnsed with a reasonable and good
spirit."
9. His Case with respect to the Wartlenship of Man-
chester, 1721. 10. Certainty of a Future State, 1725, '37,
Svo. 11. Tracts, 8vo. Some other treatises are ascribed
to him.
" lie left a sufficient monument of himself in bis writings, and
his virtues are far from being yet forsottsn." — Dr. Willis.
See Biog. Brit. ; Atterbury Curresp. : Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Gastrell, Peregrine, LL.D. Enquiry into the Es.-
ercise of some parts of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, Lon.,
1747, Svo.
Gataker, Charles, 1614?-! GSO, son of the celebrated
Thomas Gataker, educated at Sidney Coll., Camb., and
Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Rector of Iloggeston, Buck-
inghamshire, about 1647, and continued there until his
death. lie wrote some treatises against the Papists, The
Way of Truth and Peace, or a Reconciliation of St. Paul
and St. James concerning Justification, another work on
Justification, animadversions on Bull's Ilarmonia Aposto-
lica, &c. See Athen. Oxon. ; Gcnl. Biog. Diet.
Gataker, Thomas, 1574-1(554, was educated at St.
John's Coll., Camb.; preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1001;
Rector of Rotherhithe, 1611. He was for many years de-
barred from active pastoral duty by ill health. He was
one of those who suiiscribed the Covenant, but professed
his attachment to Kpiseopaey, and in the time of the Com-
monwealth sided with the Presbyterians rather thaji the
Independents. He was one of the most learned critics of
his day, and Salmasius, Aenius, Culomies, Morhof, Baillet,
as well as the British scholars, united in his praise. Among
his principal works are; — 1. Of the Nature and Use of
Lots; aTreatise, Hist. and Theolog., Lon., 1616, '19, *27,4to.
"This publication made a great noise, and drew him afterwards
into a controversy."
2. Serms., 1620, 4to; 1637, fol. He also pub. a number
of other serms. and discourses, 1620-1707.
" In his sermons, suitably to the very great learning of the
man. there is a wonderful variety of useful matter." — Dr. Wotto7i's
Study of Divinity-
3. Dissertatio de Stylo Novi Testament!, 1648, 4to. 4.
Cinnus. <fec., 1651, 4to. 5. Adversaria Miscellanea, 1659,
fol. This was completed by his son.
"Gataker vindicates the purity of the Greek of the New Testa-
ment writers from Hebraisms and barbarisms against Pfochenius;
and illustrates many of its difficult words and idioms. He was a
profound Greek scholar, and applied his knowledge very success-
fully to the illustration of the Scriptures, and also of the clast^ics;
though his ide;»s of the correctness and elegance of the style of the
New Te^tamnnt were carried to au extreme. Some of his Knglish
writings, as his Essay on the Nature and Use of Lots, are also
worth reading." — Ornie^s Bibl. Bih.
" Gataker examines this subject [Lots] with great learning, judg-
ment and accuiacy." — Wordsworth'' s Chris. Instit.
His share of the annotations upon the Scriptures — the
books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations — written by
divines of the Westminster Assembly, was so admirably
performed, that Calamy does not scruple to assert that no
commentator, ancient or modern, is entitled to higher
praise.
Opera Critica, edente Hermanno "Witsio. Traj. ad Rhen.,
169S, 2 tom. in 3 vols. fol. Tom. II. continent M. Anto-
nini Imp. de Rebus suis, Libros XII. et Opuscula Vuria.
*' A very learned divine, Thomas Gafciker, one whom a foreign
writer has placed among the six I'rotestants most conspicuous, in
his judgment, for depth of reading. . . . Gat-iker stood, ppi haps,
next to Usher, in general estimation." — HaUam's Lit. Hist, of
Europt.
See Mr. Hallam's comments upon Gataker's Cinnus,
Ac, Adversaria Posthuma, and Marcus Antoninus. The
English reader should procure The Meditations of Anto-
ninus, with Gataker's Preliminary Discourse, and Dacier's
Life of the Emperor, trans, by Jeremy Collier, 1701, Svo.
After reading Gataker's Prelim. Discourse, ho is not to
read the Meditations in this trans., for it is inelegant,
vulgar, and ludicrous, but must read the trans, by R.
Graves, Bath, 1792, Svo, or some other good version.
Antoninus is well worth attention :
''His Meditations, though they want style, will well I'epay
perusal, from the pure sentiments of piety and benevolence which
they exhibit," — Wakefield.
" A profound scholar." — Dr. Parr.
Baillet commends his great learning, but considers him
to have been too bold in his conjectures.
" Vir stupend;e lectionis magni que judicii." — Morhof.
"Ecriticis omnibus qui hoc s^eculo ad politiorum literarum
illustrationem aliquid scripsere, vix ac ne vis quidera ullas in-
venietur, qui in auth'oribus dilijenter ac accurate tractandis
rhomae Gatakero palmam praeri piat." — Paul Colomesius.
Gataker, Thomas, surgeon, pub. a trans, of Le
Dran's Surgery, nnd some other profess, treatises, 1749-64.
Gatchell, Thomas. Serin., 1706, 4to.
Gates, Geottrey. The Militarie Profession, 1579.
Gatford. Serms., 1643, 4to.
Gatford. A Disquisition, how far Conquest gives the
Conqueror a Title. Anon.
Gatford, liiouel. 1. Hyperphysical Directions in
the Time of the Plague, Oxf., 1644, 4to. 2. Public Good
without Private Interests; or, a Compendious Remon-
strance of the sad State and Condition of Virginia, Ac,
Lon., 1657, 4to, pp. 27. The Charter of Virginia, pp. 23,
is annexed to this pamphlet. 3. Narrative of the Death
of Mr. W. Tyrel, and the Preservation of Sir John Rous,
1661, 4to.
Gathercole, Rev. M. A. Letters to a Dissenting
Minister, with the Author's Reasons for conforming to the
Ch. of Eng., 5th ed., Lon., 183fi. This little work, twice
noticed by the Bishop of London, excited much attention.
See an account of the controversy connected with it in
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1147.
Gatisdcu. See GADDEsnEN,
Gatton, Benj. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1701-32.
Eighteen Serms., Oxon., 1732, Svo.
Gatty, Alfred, Vicar of Eccles6eld. 1. Serms., Lon,,
2 vols. 12mo, vol. i., 1843 j 2d ed., 1S47 j vol. ii., 1648.
Notice of vol. i. :
"The subjects treated of are various and full of interest, and all
are treated with pn.-at energy and with considerable perspicuity
of expression and orijiiuality of thought. These productions are
eminently indicative of mind, judfrment, and pure intention, and
are constructed for general use." — Church and State G'tziite.
" All the topics are handled in a plain, practical, straightforward
manner, and, though moderate in doctrine, they are always sound,
and have often much originality." — Ch. f>f Eng. Quar. Itev.
Notice of vol. ii. :
" They are sermons of a high and solid character, and are the
productions of a good Churchman. They are earnest and affec-
tionate, and follow out the Church's doctrine." — Lon. Theologian.
2. The Bell ; its Origin, History, and Uses. New ed.,
1848, 12mo.
" A very varied, learned and amusing essay on the subject of
bells." — Lon. Spectator.
3. The Vicar nnd his Duties, 1853, 12mo. 4. Serms. for
Wayfarers, 1854, cr. Svo.
Gatty, Mrs, Alfred. The Fairy Godmothers; and
other Tales, Lon., 1851, 12mo.
*' Uer love for fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to com-
pose four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are grace-
fully enough used as machinery. They are shght, but well writ-
ten."— Lmi. Guardian.
" Approaching in tone and tendency to the fairy-tales of Ander-
sen. Most commendable as a fairy-book, with a beautiful illus-
tration by an amateur artist, Miss L. K. Barker." — Lon. AtliKuauiu.
Gaudeu, Johu, D.D., 1605-1662, a native of Jlay-
field, Essex, educated at St. John's Coll., Camb., became
Vicar of Chippenham, and subsequently Rector of Bright-
well, Berkshire. Being appointed chaplain to Robert,
Earl of Warwick, he preached before the House of Com-
mons, Nov. 29, 1640, and so pleased the members that
they gave him a silver tankard, and in the next year
presented him to the rich deanery of Booking, in Essex.
When he discovered the murderous designs entertained by
the Parliamentarians, he boldly opposed them in a published
protest, (1648, fob,) and after the king had been put to
death, he wrote A Just Invective against those of the
army and their abettors who murthered K. Charles L, Ac. ;
written Feb. 10, 1648. But this was not pub. until after
the Restoration, i. e. in 1662. In 1660 he was made Bishop
of Exeter, and in 1662 translated to Worcester. He wrote
a number of treatises in vindication of the Church of Eng-
land and its ministers, among which are Hieraspistes, or
A Defence of the Ministry and Mini.--ters of the Ch. of
Eng., 1653, 4to ; The Case of Ministers' Maintenance by
Tithes, 1653 ; Petitionary Remonstrance to Oliver Crom-
well in behalf of the Clergy of Eng., 1659, 4to; Ecclesiie
Anglicana; Suspiria; The Tears, Sighs, and Complaints
of the Ch. of Eng., 1659, fol.; Antisacrllegus, 1600, 4to;
serms., &c.
The character of Gauden has been violently assailed ;
but he lived in days when prominent men of either party
were not likely to meet with much mercy from their oppo-
nents. Witliout entering into any examination of his
character, it is but fair to quote Wood's declaration, and
thus give him credit for what cannot be disputed:
'* While he continued there [tutor at Wndham College] the great-
ness of his parts were much improved by the greatness of indus-
ti-y, bestowing the most part of the day and night too in the study
of divine matters; . . . esteemed by all that knew him a very
comely person, a man of vast parts, and one that had been strangely
improved by unwearied labour." — Athoi. Oxon.
But we must no longer delay the introduction of a sub-
ject which, more than all other causes of notoriety, has in-
vested and still invests the , name of Gauden with deep
interest to the student of political and literary history: —
the authorship of Eikon Basilike. In our articles on An-
GAU
NESLET, AnTHCR, Earl OF, and Charles I., King of Eng-
land, we have already dwelt somewhat upon this vexed
question, and referred the reader to the article he is now
perusing, promising to direct him to the hest sources of iu-
formation on this subject. The "famous memorandum"
in the Earl of Anglesey's copy of the Eilion Basilike was
discovered by Mr. Millington, the auctioneer who sold his
lordship's library. It is a MS. declaration by the E.arl
that K. Charles II. and the Duke of York had both assured
him that the work in question
•■ Was nom- of the said Knic's oompiline, but made by Dr. Gau-
den. Kishop of Chester, which I here insert, for the undeceiving
others in lljis point, by attesting so much under my band."
This memor.andum was given to the world, and great
was the controversy, and many were the books, to which it
gave rise. As regards the work itself, wo have already
said so much uuder the name of Charles I. that we may
be excused from lingering much on this point. Those who
are disposed to jiursue the subject at length can examine
the dissertations upon this question by Milton, Jane, Lud-
low, HoUingworth, Walker, Long, Wagstaff, Burnet, Dug-
dale, Nash, Birch, Granger, Burton ; Gent. Mag. for 1754 ;
Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Lon. Quar. Rev. ; Brydges's Resti-
tuta; see these and other authorities cited in Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.; also see authorities cited in Biog. Erit. ; Laing's
Hist, of Scotland; Lloyd's Memoirs; Maty's Review;
Dean Barwick's Life; Who wrote Icon Basilike? by Chris-
topher Wordsworth, D.D., 1824, '26, '28, 3 vols. 8vo; and
a review of vol. i. of this work I)y Sir James Mackintosh,
in Edin. Rev., xliv. 1-47. It is fair to add that in his last
vol. Dr. Wordsworth stoutly defends his position against
Lingard, Todd, Broughton, tho Edinburgh Review, and
Hallam. Surely the good doctor had his hands full. Mr.
Todd rejoined in the next year, 1829.
If the reader .ask iis "Who wrote Icon Bfisilike?" we
shall be obliged to reply as we shall when he (by supposi-
tion) asks us "Who wrote Junius?" — Really, we cannot
tell. To show him that we have no great reason to blush
for our ignorance, we beg to tell him that the learned Dr.
Wordsworth "proves" th.at King Charles I. wrote it, and
the equally learned Sir James Mackintosh "proves" that
Bishop G.auden wrote it. Now it is cert.ain that both can-
not be right, and it is just as certain that it would puzzle a
wiser head than ours to prove that either is wrong. Those
who wish to see Dr. Wordsworth supported can turn to the
London Qu.arterly Review, xxxii. 467-505 ; and those who
wish to see Sir James Mackintosh countenanced can con-
sult Todd's answer to Wordsworth, and Henry llallam's
Introduction to the Literature of Europe. The quotation
of the opinion of the last-named eminent authority may
fitly conclude this article :
"The famous loon Dasilice .ascribed to Charles I. may deserve a
place in literary history. If we could trust its panegyrists, few
books in our langu.age have done it more credit by dignity of sen-
timent and beauty of style. It can hardly be necessary for me to
express my unhesitating conviction that it was solely written by
Bishop Gauden. who after the Restoration unequivocally claimed
it as his own. The folly and impudence of such a claim, if it could
not be substantiated, are not to be presumed as to any man of
good understanding, fair character, and high station, without
stronger evidence than has been alleged on the other side; espe-
cially when we find that those who had the best means of inquiry,
at a'time when it seems impossible that the falsehood of Gaudeu's
assertion should not have been demonstrated, if it were false,
acquiesced in his pretensions. We have very little to place against
this, except secondary testimony, vague, for the most p.art. in itself.
and collected by those whose veracity has not been put to the test
like that of CanJen. The style also of the Icon Basilice has been
identified by Mr. Todd with that of Gauden by the use of several
phrases so peculiar that we can hardly conceive them to have sug-
gested themselves to more than one person. It is nevertheless
superior to his acknowledged writings. A strain of majestic mt^
lancholy is well kept up; but the personated sovereign is rather
too theatrical for real nature, the language is too rhetorical and
amplified, the periods too.irtiticially elaborated. None but scholars
and practical wi-ilers employ such a style as this.'' — Ed. 3d, Zwi.,
1847, vol. Hi. 152, 153.
Here we had intended to stop. But fearful that the last
quotation may settle the question with our reader, and hav-
ing a charitable desire to leave him in the same pleasing
uncertainty with which we shall dismiss him from the Ju-
nius controversy — in the same state, in short, in which we
find ourselves — we throw out for his consideration the fol-
lowing comment, which has at least the authority of a great
name:
" To go no further for a testimony, let his own writings witness,
which speak him no less an author than a monaich, composed with
such a commanding majeslic pathos, as if they bad been writ not
with a pen but with a sceptre, and for those who.sc virulent and
ridiculous calumnies ascribe that incomparable piece to others, 1
say it is a sufficient argument that those did not write it because
thev could not." — South.
Since we prepared the above article for the press, Mr.
666
GAY
Macaulav has pub. vols. iii. and iv. of his Hist, of Eng-
land, (Lon., Dec. 1855,) and in this learned and instructive
work we find the following expression of opinion upon
that ve.ted question .above noticed :
■'■ l-n that year [1692] an honest old clergyman named W alker,
who had. in the time of the Commonwealth, been Gauden's curate.
wrote a book which convinced all sensible and dispassionate readers
that Gauden, and not Charles the I'irst, was the author ol the Icon
Basilike." .
Gaiile, John, wrote several works on theology, witch-
craft, and astrology, 1628-60. See Bibl. Brit., and Lon.
Retrosp. Review, iv. 223-30, 1821, for a notice of his Dis-
tractions; or, the Holy Madnesse, 162a, 8vo.
".lohn Oaule seems to have thought that the art of pleasing was
wrapt up in a pun. or in marshalling an overpowering collection
of epithets in • battalous array.' '^—Ubi supra.
Gaunt. John. Three Serms., 1769, Svo.
Gauntiett, Henry, Vicar of Olney. 1. Scrrn., Oxon.,
1809 Svo. 2. Proverbs of Solomon, with Observ., 1813.
3 Expos.'of tho Book of Revelation; being the substance
of 44 Discourses, 2d ed., 1821, r. 8vo; 4th ed., revised,
since pub.
" Very much on the plan of Bishop Newton and l^cott^practical
and useful."— a'c.'.ers/cMi's Cliris. Stu.
"His interpretations of the prophecies, whether fullilled or ex-
pected to be so. are mostly supported by venerable authorities ;
and where he differs fiom them, it is with modesty and candour.
—Britith Bet-iew, xviii. 306.
Gavin, Antony. Master Key to Popery, Lon., li 25-
26, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed. of vol. i., 1729.
" An extraordinary work, exposing the system of Popery.
Gavner, John. The 100 Weight Fraction-Book, 1815.
Gawen, Nicholas. Christ's Pre-eminence Asserted
and Vindicated. Oxon., 1668, fol.
Gawler, Wm. Harmonia Sacra, 1781, 4to.
Gawton, Richard. The Lord's Supper, 1612, Svo.
Gay, Ebcnczcr, D.D., 1696-1787, minister of Hing-
ham, Mass. Serms., &e., 1726-81.
>• Dr Chauncy pronounces him to have been one of the greatest
and most valuable men in the country." See Allen's Amer. Blog
Diet., and authorities there cited.
Gay, John, 1688-1732, a native of Barnstaple, the
descendant of the ancient family of the Le Gays of Oxford
and Devonshire, was at an early age apprenticed to a silk-
mercer in London. A brief experience proved both to
himself and his master that he was ill suited for the duties
of active life, and, obtaining a discharge from his inden-
tures, he determined to follow his literary inclinations.
The amiability and unobtrusiveness of his character re-
commended him to the friendship of Pope, Swift, and
other wits of the day, and his new attachments were
strengthened by the evidence of poetical abilities displayed
in his Rural Sports, a descriptive poem addressed to Pope,
and pub. in 1711. In the next year he obtained the situa-
tion of domestic secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth ;
and two years later produced The Fan; a Poem, and The
Shepherd's Week, in VL Pastorals. Trivia; or, the Art
of Walking the Streets, appeared in the succeeding year.
But during this period ho had not neglected the stage—
a successful appearance on which was the great object of
ambition to the poets of his day and the preceding reigns.
In 1713 his comedy of tho Wife of Bath had been con-
demned ; but in the next year the play of What D'ye Call
It? a kind of mock tragedy, met with better success, and
was honoured by tho presence of the Prince and Pvinces.^
of Wales. Encouraged by his good fortune, he presented
the town, in 1717, with the comedy of Three Hours after
Marriage. This piece proved a failure, and Gay bore all
the disgrace attaching to want of success ; although Pope
and Arbuthnot would probably have claimed a share in
the authorship had any laurels been forthcoming. How-
ever, Gay's wounded feelings were somewhat soothed by
a profit of £1000 on an edition of his Poems, pub. by sub-
scription in 1720; and he also received about this time a
present from Mr. Secretary Craggs of some South Sea
stock. His interest in this famous buljble was supposed
to be worth £20,000, but, not willing to accept this sum.
ho held his stock, and soon found it to be utterly worth-
less. In 1724 he wrote the tragedy of The Captives, which
was tolerably successful on the stage, and seems to have
pleased the Princess of W.ales. who heard it read by the
author in MS. ; for she engaged him to write for the bone-
fit of the Duke of Cumberland, then an infant, some fables
in verse. This was the origin of the Fables, by which,
next to the Beggar's Opera, Gay is best known to the pre-
sent generation.
The famous play just named was produced in November,
1727, and immediately took the town by storm, enjoying
a run of no less than sixty-three nights. The author and
his friends were in ecstasies. The ladies carried about the
GAY
favourite songs in fans, the morals of thousands of hope-
ful youug people were corruptt-a for life, and, as if n.dulity
itself must make a costly (.ifering to the shrine of infamy
— Larinia Fentun, (the Polly I'fachum of the play,) a
notorious unmarried courtesan win. had long known ma-
ternal responsibilities, was led tu the altar in pomp by the
Right Uon. Lord Charles, third Duke of Bolton.
We are not ignorant that the injurijus influences which
we charge upon the Beggar's Opera have beun dcniud : and
this might surprise us if any thing in the way of efiVontery
or sophistry could now excite our wonder. But the fact
which we are about to quote is worth more than all the
special pleading which has been lavished upon such sub-
jects from the days of John D'Urfey to the present gene-
ration :
" In the year 1773, Sir John Fielding told the bench of Justices
that he had written tn Jlr. Garrick roncerning the impropriety of
performing the Beiri^ar's Opem. which never ivas npre^nit'd with-
out creatiug an additional nitmher of thkres ; and they particularly
requested that he would desist from performiug that opera on
Salurdiii/ evcninij. ^urh also were the fears of the church ns to the
effects of this play, that Dr. liening, then Archbishop ot Cautt-r-
bury, preached a sermon a;rainst it; and Beau Swift was writing
in favour of it in the Intelli;_-encer.
"Gay was called, iu ccusequence of it, the Orpheus of IIi;;liway-
men."
But excepting fame — or disgrace, as we should term it
— Mr. Gay received but little compensation for the mis-
chievous effects produced by the Beggar's Opera. He
pocketed but £400, and perhaps this was hardly sufficient
to soothe the compunctious visitings naturally excited by
such evil agency. He therefore wrote a sequel to the Beg-
gar's Opera, entitled Polly, the representation of which
was forbidden — for political reasons — by the Lord-Cham-
berlain. This refusal excited the ire of the party in op-
position, and a profit of £1100 or £1200 accrued" to Gay
from the publii.ation of the prohibited piece. Nor was
this his only triumph. The Duke and Duchess of Queens-
berry adopted bim as a member of their family, and his
Grace became pecuniary guardian of the poet, who, like
most poets, knew not how to keep his money. His lord-
ship proved so able a financier, that on his death, Dec. 4,
1732, Gay left a property of £:5000. In addition to the
works already noticed, he wrote The Distressed Wife, a
Comedy; Achilles, an Opera; Dione, a Pastoral, &c. ; and
many songs and ballads. The best-known specimen of
his prose is the letter — in which he was assisted by Pope
— from Lord Haroourt's seat in Oxfordshire, giving an
account of the death of two village lovers by a stroke of
lightning. Among his minor poems may be instanced
The Hare with many Friends, The Court of Death, and
Black-Eyed Susan. As a poet, his merits were great; as
a man, he was indolent, amiable, and irresolute; as a
moralist, he is entitled to no consideration whatever. He
lived with no higher purpose than to please, and died with
the consciousness that he had done little or nothing to
profit or instruct.
His Poems on several occasions were pub. in 1720, 2
vols. 4to; Miscellanies, by Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, and
Gay, 1727, 3 vols. 8vo; Gay's Works, 1722-25, 6 vols.
12mo; Poems, 1727, 2 vols. 12mo; 173T, 2 vols. Svo ;
1762, 2 vols. 12mo; 1767, 2 vols. 12mo ; Miscell. AVorks,
1773, 4 vols. 12mo; Poems never printed, 1820, 12nio:
Fables, 1727-38, 2 vols. 4to ; 1733-38, 2 vols. Svo; with
Notes and Life of the Author by W. Coxe, 1790, 12nio;
new ed., with memoir by 0. F. Owen, Lon., 1854, 12mo.
They have been trans, into Latin, Italian, and French; a
trans, en vers Fran^ais, par le Chevalier de Chateiain,
was pub. by Mr. Whiltaker in London, 1853. Z2mo. For
other eds. of Gay's Fables, pieces pub. separately, &c., see
Bibl. Brit., Lowndes's Bibl. Man., aud authorities sub-
joined.
" As a poet he i;annot be rated very high. He was, as I once
heard a female critic remark, ' of a lower order.' He had not in
any degree the mens divinior. the dignity of genius. Sluch. how-
ever, must be allowed to the author of a new species of composi-
tion, though it be not of the blithest kind. We owe to Gay the
Ballad Opera; a mode of comedy which at first was supposed to
delight only by its novelty, but has now by the experience of
half a century been so well accommodated to the disposition of !t
popular audience, that it is likely to keep long possession of the
stage." — Dr. Joh7ison's Li/e of Gay.
But Dr. Wharton condemns the Beggar's Opera as the
parent of " that most monstrous of all absurdities, the
Comic Opera."
*• G.ny's Fables are certainly a work of great merit both as to the
quantity of invention implied, and as to the elegance and facility
of the execution. They aie, however, spun out too long; the de-
scriptions and narrative are too diffusive and desultory; and the
moral is sometimes without point. They are more like Tales than
Fables. The best are. perhaps. The Hare with many Friends, the
Monkeys, aud the Fox at the Point of Death. Uis Pastorals are
GED
pleasing and poetical. But liis capital worll is his Be'Ear's Ooera "
HazUWs Led. tm Ihe Eng. I'utls.
See Biog. Brit. ; Swift's AVorks ; Pope's Works ; Spence'a
Anecdotes ; MiscLiel's arising from Lis Beggar's Opera,
Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xliii. ; Howitt's Homes and Haunts
of eminent Brit. Poets; Thackeray's Humorists of the
ISttl century.
Gay, John, Miniature Pictures, newly adapted to the
most Fashionable and Public Characters of both se.\os, now
living, 17S0, 4to.
Gay, Joseph. The Confederates; a Farce, Lon., 1717,
Svo. We have already noticed this play, and other works,
under the real name of the author, Capt. Johs DtJHANT de
Brev.\l.
Gay, Nicholas. Union between G. E. and Ire., 1799.
Gay, Will. Eleven Serms., Lon., 1655, Svo.
Gayarre, Charles E. Arthur, b. Jan. 3, 1S05, at
New Orleans, is a descendant of one of the most an-
cient and historical families of the State of Louisiana, and
has held many high posts of honour in his native Slate.
1. Historical Essay on Louisian.a, iu French, New Orleans,
1S30, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. History of Louisiana, in French,
1846. 2 vols. Svo.
•' Tliis work begins with the discovery of Louisiana, and comes
down to 1769, when the Spaniards took final possession of the
colony. It gives a lull and authentic account of the Fn lali .li inioa-
tiun in Louisiana, aud contains many interesting ilo- iiineiits winch
are thus preserved in the verniicular language ut the hist settlers.'*
3. Romance of the history of Louisiana, New York, 1S48,
4. Louisiana: its history as a French Colony, 1S51, Svo.
5. Louisiana; its histoi-y as a French Colony; 2d series,
1852, Svo. G. History of Louisiana, (French domination,)
1854, 2 vols. Svo. 7. History of Louisiana, (Spanish do-
mination,) lSo4, Svo. 8. School for Politics; a Dramatic
Novel, IS54. 9. Influence of the Mechanic Arts on the
Human Race, 1854. Mr. Gayarre has also pub. several
political addresses, &.<:.
Gayler, Charles, b. 1820, in New York. At an
early age commenced to write for the stage while editing
a newspaper iu Cincinnati; aud, returning to his native
city in 1850, has since been there connected with the
newspaper and periodical press. Has written upwards of
forty dramatic pieces of various kinds, every one of which
has been successful on representation. Among those which
have been published between 1846 and '58 arc The Gold-
Hunters, a Dr.ama; the operetta of The Frightened Fiend;
Taking the Chances, a Comedy ; The Love of a Prince, a
Comedy; The Son of the Night, a Urama; Galieno Fa^
liero, a Tragedy ; and Isms, a Comedy.
Gaylord, Lewis, and Luther 'i'ucker. American
Husbandry ; being a series of Essays, &c. designed for
its Improvement. N. Y'ork, 2 vols. ISmo.
Gayton, Edmund, or De Specioa Villa, 1609-
1666, wrote a number of humorous works, 1645-63, of
which the Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1054, &e.,
is the best known. Wood tells us that, when turned out
of employment, he
"Lived in London in a sharking condition, and wrote trite
things merely to get bread to sustain him and bis wife." — Alhen.
0X071.
Who would believe such presumption possible? Why
did not Anthony teach "him and his wife" how to live
without " bread" ? No marvel that his honest indigna-
tion was aroused! Some of Gayton's works now bring
high prices. See Athen. Oxon. ; BiW.Brit. ; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Ivii. 399.
Geach, Francis, M.D., d. 1798, of Plymouth, Eng-
land, pub. several profess, treatises, 1766-81. See Bibl.
Brit.
Geard, John. The Beauties of Matt. Henry, with
his Life, Character, Labours and Death, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Geare, Allen. Ebenezer; or, preserv. from Ship-
wreck. See Osborne's Voyages, ii. 787 : 1746.
Geare, llev. E. P.irents' Complaint, Lon., 1848, 12nio.
Gearing, W'ni. Serms., Lon., 1660-73.
Gedde, John. Works on Bees, 1675, 1721.
Gedde, Waller. See Gidde.
Geddes, Alexander, 1737-1802, a Roman Catholic
divine, was suspended from all ecclesiastical functions after
the puljlication of vol. i. of his trans, of the Bible with
Notes, which gave great otfence to Christians generally.
1. The Holy Bible; trans, from the original, with Notes,
Remarks, Ac, Lon., 1792-97, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Critical Re-
marks on the Hebrew Scriptures, ISOO, 4to. 3. New Trans,
of the Psalms, with Notes, &a., 1807, Svo.
Geddes did not complete his design. The books trans,
are those from Genesis to Chronicles, and the Book of Ruth,
"Geddes's version is admitted to coul^iio mauy hapjiy render-
ings, many just emendations of the text, and many profound and
657
GED
GEL
ingeniouR observationa on its sense, and to discoTer a profound
knowledge in the Hebrew lanRUage. But the propriety of the
greater part, both of his emendations and interpretations, has been
questioned." — Charles Butler.
" Dr. Geddes applied the whole weii^ht of his learning and talents
to an artful attack upon the Divine authority of the Scripture?.
Through the medium of a new translation he strives to shew that
these Scriptures are entitled to no other respecter veneration than
what is due to them as curious remaius of antiquity." — BUhop
Van MilderVs Boyle Lectures.
*'The volume of Remarks only comprehends the Pentateuch.
It is in these remarks that the sentiments of the translator are
most offensively stated. All the freedom of the modern conti-
Qental critics is used with the sacred writings, without the veil
of a foreign language interposed, to conceal its unsightliness." —
Orme's Bill. Bib.
Dr. Boothroyd, in his tran."?., has availed himself of the
labours of Gerldes, but has not been misled by his errors.
A review of Geddes's trans., attributed to Bishop Horsley,
appeared in the British Critic, vols, iv., xiv.. .xix., and x.x.
In Dr. John M.ason (Jood's Life of Geddes, 1.S04, 8vo, will
be found some valuable criticisms on his writings. Ani-
madversions on Geddes's trans, were reprinted in 1803,
8vo, from the British Critic for 1802.
Geddes's trans, of the Psalms noticed above, a posthu-
mous publication, edited by Dr. Disney and Charles Butler,
extends only to the 11th verse of Psalm cxviii. ; the rest is
added from an interleaved copy of Bishop Wil.son's Bible
corrected by Dr. G.
"Though many things have displeased ns in the perusal of this
work, we are not prepared to say that the learned editors should
have altogether uithlirld this new version from the public. Dr.
Geddes \ras uoilMul.t.dly a considerable scholar, and his lucubra-
tions may be turned by other scholars to good account, though
they cannot be implicitly adopted."— /in"(i,s7i Critic, O. .S, xxiii. 368.
Dr. G. also pub. trans, from Homer, Horace, Ac., Letters,
Serms., ic, for an account of which see Bibl. Brit, and
Good's Life of Geddes.
Geddes, James, 1710-1749. a Scotch advocate. An
Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the
Ancients, particularly Plato, Glasg., 1748, 8vo. Highly
commended.
Geddes, Michael, D.D., d. 1715, a native of Scot-
land, Chancellor of the Ch. of Sarum. 1. Hist, of the Ch.
of Malabar, from the Portuguese, Lon., 1694, 8vo. 2. Hist,
of the Ch. of Ethiopia, &c., 1096, 8vo. X The Council of
Trent no Free Assembly, Ac, 1697, 1714, Svo. 4. Miseell.
Tracts, 1702, '06, '06, 3 vols. Svo. Reprinted, 3 vols. Svo^
1714, '30. 5. Tracts against Popery, 1715, 8vo. Robert
Southey greatly admired Geddes, and frequently quotes his
works.
Geddes, Wm. Saints Recreation, 3d part: upon the
State of Grace. Edin., 16.S3, 4to. All pub.
Geddes, Wm., M.D., late surgeon of the Madras Eu-
ropean Regiment. Clinical Illustrations of the Diseases
of India, Lon., 1846, Svo.
_" A more elaborate display of medical statistics has rarely been
given to the public. ... Asa vast amount of facts, the book is
really, we believe, unrivalled." — Loii. Spectntor.
Gee, Alex. Ground of Christianitie, 1594?
Gee, Edward, D.D. Serms., Ac, 1620, '53, '58.
Steps of Ascension to God ; or, a Ladder to Heaven.
"Printed at least 27 times, mostly in a manual, or in a vol. called
twenty-fours; the "JTth edit, came out in 1C77." — At/ten. Oxoti.
Gee, Edward, Rector of St. Benedict, London. Trea-
tises against the Jesuits, &c., Lon., 1687-92.
Gee, J. Impositions on Parliament, 1765, Svo.
Gee, John, d. 1639, a clergyman of the Church of
England, embraced Roman Catholic opinions, but subse-
quently renounced them, and pub. a warning to Protest-
ants, &.C., entitled The Foot out of the Snare ; or. Detection
of Practices and Impostures of Priests and Jesuits, Lon.,
1624, 4to. There was pub. with this, A Gentle Excuse to
Mr. Gregg, Ac, and the two were
" Printed four times in the .said vear. Ifi24. because all the copies
ormostof them, were bought up by R. Catholics."— ytWicii. Ox.m, '/.i'.
Geo tilso pub. a Serm., 1624, 4to, and New Shreds, Ac,
1624, 4to.
Gee, Joshua, minister in Boston, d. 1748, aged 50
Serms., Lett, to N. Eells, Ac, 1728-43.
Gee, Joshua. The Trade and Navigation of G.
Britain Considered, Lon., 1729, '30, 8vo: Glasg., 1735 '60
Svo; 1767, 12mo.
'■ The account given in it of the state of our trade is, for the most
part, as deceptive as the means suggested for its improvement are
illiberal and inefBcient."— .JfcCii/teA's Lit. of Polit. Ji-on.. q. r.
Geere, John. Answer to Godwin, Lon., 1649, 4to.
Getl'e, Nicholas. Silk-Worms. Lon., 1607, 4to.
Geikie, Archibald. The Story ofa Boulder, Lon.,185R.
" lie h.os put forth known facts in a pleasing manner for the
beginner."— Lon. Atlini., 1S&8, Pt. 2, 237.
Geldart, T. C. Scotch Judicature Bill, Lon., 1825, Svo.
658 . ) 1 v
Geldart, Mrs. Thomas, has pub. Stories of England
and Ireland, and other juvenile works, 1849, Ac.
" She writes as one who understjinds and loves children. Her
style is interesting; her moral is always sound.' — Notice of Stories
o/ Knriland, in the Lon. Eclectic I^evuw,
■ Gell, John. Causes of Insolvency in Retail Business,
Ac, Lon., 1796, Svo.
Gell, Philip. Idiom of the Hebrew, Lon., 1821, Svo.
Gell, Robert, D.D., of London, d. 1665. 1. Serm.,
Lon., 1650, 4to. 2. Serm., 1655, 4to. 3. Essays towards
the Amendment of the Eng. Trans, of the Bible, 1659, fob
4. Remains or Select Scrip, of the N. Test., 1 676, 2 vols. fol.
"These are very curious books, consisting of a number of dis-
courses on particular passages, full of allegorical and cabalistical
illustrations, along with some ingenious and solid criticisms. Dr
Gell was an Arminian. and is spoken of by Mr. Baxter as one of
the sect-makers of the time." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The Remains are commended Ijy John Wesley. Charles
Wesley took hints for some hymns from Gell's Notes.
Gell, Sir William, 1777-1836, an eminent classical
antiquary, educated at, and Fellow of, Emanuel Coll.,
Camb., was knighted in 1803; subsequently, to 1820, he
resided altogether at Rome or Naples. 1. Topography of
Troy and its Vicinity, Lon., 1804, fol.
" t4ell's Topography of Troy and Ithaca cannot fail to ensure the
approbation of every man possessed of classical taste, as well for
the information Mr. (Jell conveys to the mind of the reader as for
the aljility and research therespective works display ."—Lord BvRON.
Reviewed in the Edin. Rev., and Lon. Quar. Rev. 2. Geo-
graphy and Antiq. of Ithaca, 1807, 4to.
" His Geography of Ithaca comprehends a full survey of the far-
famed island which the hereof the Ddyssey has immortalized; for
we really are inclined to think that the author has established the
identity of the modern The;iki with the Ithaca of Homer." — Lord
BVRON.
3. Itinerary of Greece, 1810, r. 4to. 4. Itinerary of the
Morea, 1817, Svo. 5. Attica, 1817, fol. 6. Tour in the
Morea, 1823, Svo. 7. Topography of Rome and its Vi-
cinity, 1834, 3 vols. Svo and r. Svo; including the Map.
1840, 2 vols. Svo; with the Map. New ed., by E. H. Bun-
bury, 1846, Svo. This excellent work should accompany
Gibbon's Decline and Fall. To .say nothing of the fatigue
and trouble involved in this undertaking, the expense of
surveys and measurement alone was upwards of £600.
"These volumes are so replete with what is valuable, that were
we to employ our entire journal, we could, after all, afford but a
meagre indicarion of their interest and worth." — Loji. Lit. Giisetle.
8. By Sir Wm. Gell and J. P. Gandy, Pompeiana; or,
descrip. of the Topog., Edifices, and Ornaments of Pom-
peii, 1817-19, 2 vols, in 1, imp. Svo and imp. 4lo; 1824, 2
vols. r. Svo; 1S62, 2 vols. r. Svo. Second series, 1830, 2
vols. r. Svo, imp. Svo, and 4to. The value of these works,
which give the result of the excavations since the com-
mencement in 1748, need not be enlarged on. By their
aid, he who stays in his library will have a better idea of
Pompeii than he who visits the entombed city without
them. Sir Wm. Gell also contributed to the letter-press of
the illustrations of the Antiquities of lona, pub. by the
Society of DiletLanti, (of which he was a member,) 1797-
1840, 3 vols. imp. fob, pub. at £21. In this work will be
found the illustrations of the ruins of those buildings which
were distinguished by Vitruvius and other ancient writers
for their elegance and magnificence; such as the Temple
of Bacchus, at Teos, the country of Anacreon ; tlie Temple
dedicated to Minerva. atPriene, by Alexander of Macedon;
and the Temple of Apollo Didymajus, near Miletus.
"Gell's notions of authorship were ofa very aristocratic nature.
All his works were brought out on so large and extensive a scale
as to be out of the reach of that class of readers foi- whom his topo-
graphical and antiquarian researches would have been especi.ally
useful — for travellers in those countries whose remains wei-e de-
scribed by him."— />r. Miidilrn's Li/ro/tlie ihunlessof Blemnglm,
where will he found some interesting notices of Gell. Also see
Willis's Pencillings by the Way; Byron's Hours of Idleness and
Notes; and an obituary notice of Sir Wm. in the Lon. Gent. Ma".,
June. Vi'id. iXb, BtlO. °
Gellibrand, Henry, 1597-1636, a native of London,
educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf, became curate of Chidding-
stone, Kent; Prof of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., 1627.
He pub. An Appendix concerning Longitude, 1633, An
Institution Trigonometrical, 1634, '52, a Discour.se Ma-
thematical, 1635, An Epitome of Navigation, 1674, '98,
and a Latin Oration in praise of the Astronomy of Gas-
sendus; but is best known as a writer by his completion
of Henry Briggs's Trigonometria; Britannicse, of which we
have already treated in the proper place. See Athen.
Oxon. ; Biog. Brit. ; Ward's Gresham Professors; Martin's
Biog. Philosophica.
Gellibrand, Joseph. Poem, Lon., 1783, 4to.
Gellius, John. 1. Apologia, Ac, Rupella;, 1605, Svo.
2. Epith. in Nuplias Fred. V., Heidelb., 1613, 4to. 3. Ao-
clamatio ad Jaeubum I., Edin., 1617, 4to.
G^EIi
GER
Gellman, James, Bite of Rabid Animals, 1S12.
Gem, Richard. The Stone. Lon.. 1741.
Gemmil, John. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736.
Geiiest, P. Account of tbe English Stnge, 1660-
1830, Bath, 1832, 10 vols. 8vo. This work commences
where Collier's ends. Mr. G. is said to have spent his
whule life in collecting materials for this history. He
might have made a much hetter use of his time. Since
writing the above, we meet with the following :
•• A more rt-uiarkablc' instance of waste of time and paper we
never remember." — L&il. AihcttCEum^ Oct. 19, 1833. See this caustii;
review.
Geneste, M. The Parallel Histories of Judah and
Israel, Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo.
" Useful in pointing out tbe times when the Prophets lived." —
BickeriifeWs Chris. SCu.
Genevais, J. A, Navigation, Lon., 1769, Svo.
Gengembre, P. W.. Prnf. of Foreign Languages in
Girard Cull., Phila.. and J, H. Browu. Elements of
English Grammar, Phila., 1855, 12mo. Highly com-
mended by Pres^ident W. U. Allen of Uirard College, and
by many teachers of the public schools of Phila.
Genings, J, Life of E. Genings, 1614, 4to.
Gent. Vindic. of Europe and G. Brit., 1S03.
Gent, Thomas, 1691-1778, a printer and antiquary
of York. 1. Hist, of York, Lon., 1703, Svo. 2. Hist, of
Rippon, &c., York, 1733, Svo. 3. Hist, of Kingston-upon-
Hull, 1735, Svo. 4. Hist, of Eng. and Rome, 1741, 2 vols.
12mo. 5. Hist, of the great Eastern Window of St. Peter's
Cathedral, 1762, Svo. 6. Life of St. Robert of Knares-
borough, Ac, 12mo. 7. Job, a Poem. 8. Autobiography,
1S32, Svo. Other works.
" His autobiography is .ts characteristic as John Bunton's, and,
like it. contains much information relating to the statt*of the prt-ss
in his days, and the trade of literature." — Soidhey'.'i Doctor, q. v.
Gent, Thomas. Poetic Sketches, 1806, ^07, '11.
Gentil. Solitary or Carthusian Gardener; being Dia-
logues between a Gentleman and Gardener, 1706, Svo.
GentiHs, Albcricus, LL.D., 1550-1611, an Italian
lawyer, was in 1587 appointed by Queen Elizabeth Prof,
of Civil Law at 0.\,furd, where he lectured fur twenty-four
years. He pub. De Jure Belli, and some other works in
Latin. See Athen. Oxou.
Gentilis, Robert, 1590-1654, son of the preceding,
trans. Servita's Hist, of the Inquisition, and some other
works, into English. See Athen. Oxon.
Gentleman, Francis, 1728-1784, a soldier, actor,
and author. 1. Characters; an Epistle, Lon., 1766, 4to.
2. Royal Fables, 1766, Svo.
"Poetical productions of very considerable merit."
3. Dramatic Censor, 1770, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Ed. of Shak-
speare's Plays, pub. by Bell, 1774—75.
'■The worst edition that ever appeared of any English author."
— Biog. Dramat.
This is saying a great deal.
Gentleman, Robert. 1. Scholar's Companion, 1788,
12mo. 2. Addresses to Youth, Lon.. 1792, ]2mo.
Gentleman, Tobias. 1. The Best Way to make
England the most Wealthy Kingdom of Europe, by ad-
vancing the Fishing Trade, Lon., ful. 2. England's Way
to Win Wealth and to employ Ships and Mariners, 1614, 4to.
Geotfrey de Vinsauf, ?e»7). Richard I., is supposed
by some to have written several works, but we can only
attribute to him with certainty a metrical Latin treatise
on the art of poetry, which bears the name of Nova Poe-
taria. For edits., and an account and specimens of this
treatise, see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. There are many
MSS. of it extant.
" It is, however, a heavy, tiresome poem, and is only interesting
as being the key to the general style of the Latin poetical wiiters
of the thirteenth century which was formed on the rules given in
this work." — ITbi siipi-a.
Geoffrey Gaimar, a distinguished trouverc of the
reign of Stephen, was the first who pub. an Anglo-Norman
version of the History of the British Kings by Geoffrey
of Monmouth. See the Ancient romance of Havelok the
Dane, &c., with an Introduc, &o., by Fred. Madden, Esq.:
printed for the Roxburghe Club, Lon., 1828, 4to; the por-
tion of Gaimar which relates to the story of Havelok ;
Chroniques Anglo-Normandie, Rouen, 1835, Svo ; CoUec.
of Historians, ed. by order of the Record Commission,
vol. i. pp. 764-829; the portion of the history previous to
the Conquest, with the concluding lines of tbe poem, in
which the author speaks of himself and his undertaking;
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Geoffrey, or Stephen, Dean of Llandaff, flourished
1120, wrote a Life of the Welsh saint Telivaus or Teilo,
and is said to have composed the Register of the Church
of Llandaff, pub. by the Rev. W. J, Rees, for the Welsh
MSS. Society. Llandovery, 1840, Svo. See Wharton's
Angl. S:ic., ii. 663, Lon.. 1691, fol.
Geoffrey of Monmouth, d. 1154, Archdeacon of
Monmouth, was made Bishop of St. Asaph in 1152, but
afterwards returned to the monastery of Abingdon, where
he was abbot. He wrote a Latin version of the prophecies,
Ac. of Merlin, Chronicon sive Historia Britunum, (written
about 113S?} ; and some other works are ascribed to him.
His History became very popular, and there are few works
of which so many MSS. are extant. Edits, in Latin, Paris,
1508, 4to; 1517, 4to ; Heidelb., 1587, fob, (in Kerum Bri-
tan.,) &c. For a particular account of edits, of this work
and its author, we refer to Thompson's Pref. to his tran^.j
Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Bp. Nicolson's Eng, Hist. Lib.;
Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry ; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Aaron Thompson's trans, into English was pub. Lou.,
1718, Svo. New ed., by J. A. Giles, LL.D., 1S42, Svo.
" It is imposMble to consider Geoffrey of Monmouth's History
of tbe British Kings in any other ii;;ht than as a tisi^ue of titt>les.
Its author was either deceived by his materials, or he wished to
deceive his readers/' — Biog. Brit. Lit.
Both Shakspeare and Milton have drawn from old
Geoffrey's Chronicle. Of the Life and Prophecies of Mer-
lin, forty-two copies were printed for the Roxburghe Club
in 1S.30, 4to.
Geotthegan, Edwartl. Med. treatises, 1801-10.
Georgje, Anita, Mrs., a native of Cuba, who catne
to the U. Suites in 1S48, and whilst in Boston completed
Memoirs of the Queens of Spain, with Notes by Miss
Pardoe, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. Svo. Severely condemned in
the London Athenteum, 1850, 91S-19, 1375-76.
'■It is unfortunate, however, for the present writer that this
portion of Spanish history should have been .so ably and so com-
pletely gone over by an historian of such high standinj? as Mr.
Prescott — and we can easily believe the hesitation and anxiety
which the writer modestly tells us she felt in entering on this
part of her task. . . . We regret that Mrs. George should so re-
peatedly throw out insinuations as to the integrity of Isabella's
motives, both in her war against the Moor, and in the severer
measures adopted by her against the Jews. Mr. Prescott, who
cert'iinly has had access to every document which could throw
light on her character, expressly maintains ' the unsuspected in-
tegrity of her motives.' " — Wn supra.
George, John. 1. Offence of Libel. Lon., 1812, Svo.
" Too much praise cannot be given to him for the liberality of
the principles which pervade it." — Etiiii. Jiev., Oct. 1813.
2. Law rel. to Joint Stock Companies, 2d ed., 1825, Svo.
3. Cause of Dry Rot Discovered, Svo.
"One of the most valuable of modern improvements." — Lon.
Giirdener's M\ig.. April. IS'J't.
George, \Vm., D.D. Serms., 1732, '49.
Georgeson, Sir P. Defence of Pari. In Latin. Trans.
by S. Rand, Lon.. 1692, 4to.
Gerahty, James. Letter to Lord Cottenham, 1845.
Gcrality, James. See (tkrathy.
Gerard, Alexander, D.D., 1728-1795, a divine of
the Ch. of Scotland; Prof, of Philos. in Marischal Coll.,
Aberdeen, 1750; of Divinity, 1760; of Divinity in King's
Coll., Aberdeen, 1771. 1. Essay on Taste, Lon., 1759, Svo ;
Edin., 1764, 12mo; 17S0, Svo. 2. Serms., 1759-61. 3.
Dissertations, 1766, '67, Svo. 4. Essay on CJenius, 1767,
'74, Svo. 5. Serms., 1776-78. 6. 19 Serms., Lon., 17S0-
82, 2 vols. Svo.
'• Ilis Sermons were simple and plain, adapted to the common
class of hearers, but so accurate as to secure the approbation of
the ablest judges."— Chalmers.
7. Pastoral Care, ed. by Gilbert Gerard, 1799, Svo.
"In this highly meritorious work the able author has reudered
that service to the Church of Scotland which our own had pre-
viously derived from that of Bp. Burnet." — Lowndes's Bi-it. Lib.
8. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, by
Alex. Gerard, D.D., and Gilbert Gerard, D.D., 1828, Svo.
See Encyc. Brit.
Gerard, Capt, Alexander. 1. Account of Koona-
wur in the Himalaya, ed. by G. Lloyd, Lon., 1841. Svo.
" If the adventures through which Captain Gerard passed had
been in the hands of some of our book-maker.s, what three-tomed
ad-captandum exploits they would have carved out of them! What
penciilings Willis would have made from Captain Gerard's expe-
riences!''— L'rii. Atlas, Nov. 13. 1841.
2. Capt. A. Gerard and Major Sir Wm. Lloyd's Tours in
the Himalaya, 1846, 2 vols, in 1, Svo.
" Of the three tours, the two by the enterprising brothers Gerard
Were purely scientific in their oljects. . . . Major Sir W. Lloyd's
contribution is in the foi-m of a journal ; and is the most popular
portion of the work.'* — Lon. Sprctat/rr.
'* A more valuable and engaging work we would strive in vain
at this moment to name among the recent mass of new books." —
Li>n. Mimtfili/ Bev.
Gerard, Gilbert, D.D., d. 1815, Prof, of Greek, and
subsequently of Divinity, in King's Coll., Aberdeen, was a
son of Dr. Ale.xander Gerard. 1. Serm., Lon., 1797, Svo.
2. Institutes of Biblical Criticism, Lon., 1806, Svo; Edin.,
1808, Svo.
659
GER
GIB
" Of general and elemmtary treatises there is none which is more
to be recomuiended, either for perspicuity or correctness, than the
Institutes of Biblical Criticism, by Dr. Gerard." — Bishop Marsh.
" No one can deny the merit of accurate learnini; and judicious
arrangement to this work; but it certainly is one of the driest and
most uninteresting books ever written on the Bible.'' — Onus's
BihI. Bib.
See GERAnn. Alexander, D.D.
Gerard, Jame^, M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Com., 17S5.
2. Con. to Mem. Me-l., 1795.
Gerard, ur Gerrard, Wm. The Seaman's Preceptor,
1SII3. 8vo.
Gerarde, John, 1545-1607 ? a surgeon and herbalist
1. Catalogus Arburium. &c., Lon., 159fi, 4to; 1599, fol.
Very rare. 2. The Herbal; or, General Hist, of Plant?,
1597, fol. By Dr. Thomas Johnson, 1633, '36, fol.; 1744,
8vo.
" From its being well timed, from its comprehending almost the
whole of the subjects then known, by being written in English,
and ornamented with a more numerous set of figures than hud
ever accompanied any work of the kind in this kingdom, it ob-
tained great repute. "—PULTEiMEY.
See PAnKiNSON, John.
" A book in whi-h the botanical student will find much amuse-
ment, and an excellence of description rare even in modern works."
— Di'. J. Johnston's Benmck Flora.
'• It is not now esteemed at all by botanists, at least in the first
edHnn.'^—Hiitlam'a Lit, Hist, of Europe.
See Sir James Ethvard Smith's English Flora. He often
quotes and commends it.
Gerardot, Rev. J. French Grammar, Ac, 1S15.
Gerat,Capt. liarry. Military Discipline. In Irish,
with figures, Brtixelles, 1634, fol.
Gerathy, or Gerahty, James. 1. State of Ireland,
Lon., 1799, Svo. 2. The Union, 1799, Svo.
Gerbicr, Sir Balthazar, 1591-1667, an artist, a na-
tive of Antwerp, emigrated to England, where he resided
at the time of his death. He pub. some treatises on For-
tifications, Building, &c., 1649-65. See Lowndes's Bihl.
Man.; AValpole's Anecdotes of Painting ; Pilkingtou's DicLj
Lysons's Environs.
Gerbier, Charles. 1. Astrologo-Mnstrix, Lon., 1646,
4to. 2. The Praise of Worthy Women. 1651, 12nio.
Gerbier, George D'Ouvilly. The False Favourite
disgraced, Ac; a Trngi-Ci>m., Lon., 1657, 12ino.
Gere, Wm. Reformation of (he Law. 1659, 4t.o.
Geree, John, 1*100-1649, a Puritan divine, minister
of St. Alban's, 1645, of St. Faith's, London. 1649, pub.
Vindicite Ecclesia^ Anglieanae, 1644, 4to, some serms., &c.
Geree, John. Serm., Lon., 1706, 4to.
Geree, Stephen, brother of the first-named John,
and also a Puritan divine, pub. a Serm., Lun.. 1639, Svo,
!iud The Doctrines of the Antinomians confuted; an an-
swer tn Dr. Crisp, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Gerhard, Benjamin, a lawyer of Phila. Williams
(Joshua) on Personal Pmperty. Second Amer. from the
Eng. ed. of 1852. CarefuUv and thoroughly annotated, by
B. G.. Phila., 1854, Svo. See Williams, Joshua.
Gerhard, W. \V., M.D., b. 1S09, in Philadeli)hia. Lec-
turer on Clinical Med. in the Univ. of Penna., V>rother of
the preceding. 1. Clinical Onide, Phila., Svo. 2. Lect. on
the Diagnosis. Pathology, and Treatment of the Diseases
of the Chest. 1S42, Svo; new ed., 1854, Svo.
"This is the best refutation of the charges which are constantly
made against physical exploration in medicine, by those who ap-
pear to imagine that science can never advance beyond the point
at which they ceased to learn." — Amer. Jour, of Med. Sci.
Edited Graves's System of Clinical Medicine, with Notes
and Additions, Phila., Svo. lie has also contributed many
articles to the Amer. Jour. Medical Sciences, Medical Exa-
miner, Ac.
Gerlaud, flourished 10S2, the earliest known writer in
England in mathematical science after the Norman Con-
quest, composed a treatise on the Computus, beginning with
11S2, and a treatise on the Abacus. The first will be found
in the British Museum, and the latter in the Bibliotheque
Royale at Paris ; both in MS.
"The author appears to be learned in his subject, and avows
that his desitrn in compiling this work [on the Computus] was to
correct and clear up the ennrs and doutitsof his predecessors, espe-
cially of Bede."— irr/f/Zj/'.s- Bi>;/. Brit. Lit.
Gerrald, or Gerald, Joseph. Political tracts, 1793,
94, Svo.
Gerrans, B. Travels of Rabbi Benjamin through
Europe, Asia, and Africa, Lon., 1783, 12mo. These travels
were performed during the J 2th century.
Gerrard, Miss, d. 1807, pub. a vol. of miscellanies in
prose and verse.
Gerrard, John. Poems, Lon., 1770, 4to.
Gerrard, Rev. John. The Roman Sigallarium.Lon.,
1792, 4to. In English and Latin. This valuable treatise,
660
a great assistance to those engaged in the study of Roman
antiquities, was reprinted in Facciolati's Lexicon.
Gerrard, Philip. A Godly Invective, Lon., 1547,
'59, Svo. He advocates "free passage" for the Bible.
Gerry, Elbridgje, 1744-1814, a native of Marblehead,
Mass., Governor of Mass., 1810, Vice-Prest. U. States, 1813,
pub. some political papers. See James T. Austin's Memoira
of his Life, Boston, 1828, Svo; — reviewed by Edward Eve-
rett, in N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 37 j — Goodrich's Lives;
Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 469.
Gersaint, E. F. Etchings of Rembrandt, 1752.
Gervase, a monk of the priory of Christ Church, Can-
terbury, temp. Richard I., wrote Tractatus de Combustione
et reparatione Dorobornensia ecclesiie, (in Eng. ed. by A.
J. Dunkin, Lon., 1S45, Svo;) another tract; a history of
the Archbishops of Canterbury ; and a Chronicle of the
reigns of Stephen. Henry II., and Richard I. These will
be found in Twysden's Hist. Anglican. Seriptores Decem,
1652. ful.; c<dl. 1285-1684.
■'Keported to have been a most judicious antiquary, and me-
thodical historian, and to have made excellent collections of th«
British and English story, from the coming in of the Trojans down
to the year 1200." — Bishop NicoUoiVr Eng. Hi^t. Lib.
'■ His chronicle of the reigns of Stephen. Henry, and Richard, is
one of the most valuable of the historical memorials of the twelfth
century." — WrighCx Bv-g. Brit. Lit.
Gervase of Chichester, flourished 1170, is best
known by his Commentary on the prophecy of Malachi
on the duties of the Priesthood, of which there is a good
MS. in the British Museum, MS. Reg. iii., B. s. He also
wrote a book of Homilies, and some other theolog. treatises.
Gervase of Tilbury, tetiij3. Henry- II., has had a
number of works ascribed to him, but an eminent authority
(Thomas AVright) assures us that the Otia Imperialia is the
only one he is known with any certainty to have written.
The Otia Imperialia is a curious compendium of history,
geography, natural phenomena, &c. For an account of
this work, its edits., and other works ascribed to Gervase,
see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
Gervis, Henry. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., ISll.
Gery, Robert, of Islington. Serm., 1706.
Gery, Thomas. Divinity of the Scriptures, 1657.
Gesner, Abraham, M.D., a distinguished geologist,
a native of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, has pub. a work on
the Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia, one on the
Industrial Resources of Nova Scotia, and several other
treatises. He has also attained considerable reputation as
a chemist, and among the results of his investigations is
the discovery of the Keroseal Gas.
''The -Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia was the ^ide-
book of Sir Charles Lyell in his geological suivey of Nova Scutia,
and after the most thorough examination was pronounced by him
to be exceedingly correct." — Men of the Time, N. I'oric, ls52.
Gest, £dmund. A Treatise againste the preue Masse,
in the behalfe and furtheraunce of the mooste holi'e Com-
munyon, Lon., 15 IS, 16uio.
Gethin, Lady Grace, 1676-1697, a daughter of Sir
George Norton of Abbots-Leith, Somersetsliire, married
Sir Richard Gethin of Gethin-grott, in Ireland. After her
death was pub. Reliquiae Gethiiiiana;; a Collection of choice
Discourses, Pleasant Apothegms, and Witty Sentences,
Lon., 1699, 1700, 4to. Very rare. See Ballard's Memoira
of British Lailies.
GethinfT, Itichard, a famous penman, a native of
Herefordshire, settled in London about 1616. 1. A Copy-
book, ob. 4to. 2. Chirographia, 1645, '64. 3. Calligrapho-
technia, 1652, fol.
Getseus, Daniel. Ch. of England, Ac, Oxon,,
1658, Svo.
Getz, George. Precedents in Conveyancing, 3d ed.,
Phila., 1S45. Svo. See AVestern Law Jour., 140.
Geyer, II. S. Statutes of Missouri, St. Louis, 1817.
Ghyles, Thomas. Joint Sickness or Gout. 1685.
Gib, Adam, 1713-17SS, a native of Perthshire, was
one of the founders of the Secession Church in Scotland.
See EusKiNK, Ebknezer, and authorities there referred
to, and Stark's Biographia Scotica. Gib was the leader
of the division called Antiburghers. 1. Present Truth; a
display of the Secession Testimony, Edin., 1774, 2 vols.
8vo. 2. Sacred Contemplations, Ac, 1786.
Gibb, John. Serm. on Rom. xiii. 6, 7, Brist, 1721, 4to.
Gibbens, Nicholas. Questions and Disputatious
upon the lirst fourteen Chapters of Genesis, Lon., 1601, 4to.
Gibbes, Charles, D.D. 31 Serms., Lon., 1677, 4to.
Gibbes, George Smith, M.D., pub. treatises on
Animal Matters, 171*6 ; Bath Waters, ISIlO, '03; and con.
to Phil. Trans., 1794, and to Nicholson's Jour.. 1799.
Gibbes, Robert Wilson, M.D., b. LSOy, in Charles-
ton, S.C. President of the South Carolina Medical AsDOcia-
GIB
GIB
tion. 1. Memoir of James Dc Vcaux, the Artist, 1S45. 2.
Biographical Sketch of Charles Fraser, the Artist. 'S. Do-
cumentary Histipry of the Ameriean Revolution ; consisting
of Liittt.TS and Papers relating to the Contest for Liberty,
chiefly in South Carolina, from Originals in the possession
of the Editor, and other Sources, Columbia. S.C., and N.Y.,
lSo3, &c., 3 vols. 8vo: vol. i., 1764-1 7 70; vol. ii., 1776-1781;
vol. iii., 1781-1782.
'■ The editor, with a rare spirit of patriotism, lias been engaged
for tweuty-five years in collecting these valuable and interesting
papers, in the hope of preserving materiids Ibr American history
which might otherwise have been lost. The.--e are given tbr their
intrinsic value, and in the order of dates, without refrreuce to spe-
cial events. He trusts they wiU be received, as they are offered, as
a contribution to the history of that glorious Revolulion ot" which
every memorial is dear to South Carolina and her sister States."
In 1842, bo pub., in Amer. Jour, of Med. Sciences, an ar-
ticle on Pneumonia, which revolutionized its treatment, by
opposing the use of the lancet. It has been incorporated
in Watson's Practice of Medicine.
Gibbiii^s, Richard. Roman Forgeries, &c., Lon.,
1842. 'i;!. Svo.
Gibbon. Scrm. on Justification, Ac. 1670.
Gibbou, Alex. Past and Present Delusions in the
Polit. Econ. of the United Kingdom, Lon., 1850, 8vo.
Gibbon, Charles, pub. The Remedie of Reason,
1589. 4to; A Work worth the Reading, &c., 1590-1604,
all 4 to.
Gibbon, Edward, April 27, 1737— Jan. 16, 1794,
one of the mo^>t eminent of modern historians, was de-
scended from an ancient family of Kent. His grandfather,
Edward Gibbon, was one of the Commissioners of Customs
during the last fVuir years of Queen Anne; and his father,
also Edward (xibbon, sat in Parliament in 1 734 for Peters-
field, and in 1741 for Southampton. The subject of this
notice, born at Putney, in Surrey, — the eldest of five bro-
thers and a sister, all of whom died in their infancy, — was
admitted at Westminster school in 1749, and, three years
later, in 1752, was matriculated as a gentleman-commoner
of Magdalen College, Oxford. Not having received that
preparatory training which could alone have qualified him
for deriving much advantage from his collegiate cour.'^e,
we need not marvel that the fourteen months which he
spent at this famous seat of learning were '* idle and un-
profitable." He tells us. indeed, that he brought to Ox-
ford "a stock of erudition that might have puzzled a
doctor, and a degree of ignorance of which a schoolboy
would have been ashamed;" but the latter statement will
be accepted with more readiness than the former. At the
early age of sixteen he was led, by the perusal of the
works of Bossuet and Parsons, to entertain doubts of the
soundness of the principles of the Reformation, and in
1753 we find him solemnly abjuring these errors at the
feet of a Roman Catholic priest in London. His father,
anxious both for his mental improvement and spiritual
benefit, sent him to Lausanne, in Switzerhind, charging
his instructor, the Rev. Mr. Pavilliard, a Calvinist minis-
ter, to persuade him, if possible, of the unsoundness of
the tenets which he had so lately embraced. Young Gib-
bon was not impregnoble, and on Christmas day, 1754,
only eighteen months aft«r his conversion to Romanism,
after "a full conviction," he received the sacrament in
the church at Lausanne.
Having now none of the temptations to gay company
which had robbed him of many of his college hours, he
applied himself to study with a praiseworthy anxiety to
store his mind with useful knowledge, and speedily ac-
quired a creditable acquaintance with the Greek, Latin, and
French languages, Jurisprudence, and Relles-Lettres. His
hours of application were relieved by the society of a young
lady of great beauty and many accomplishments. Made-
moiselle Susan Curchod, to whom the attentions of the
English student were not disagreeable. But the father of
the object of his affections discouraging a m.atrimonial
alliance, the young people bore their disappointment in a
most philosophical manner. Gibbon tells us that his
wound was insensibly healed by time, and that the lady
was not unhappy: he returned to the classics, and Mile.
Curchod became the wife of the celeljrated Mr. Necker,
and the mother of Mme. de Stael. Rut the youthful lover
did not seek consolation in the marriage state; he lived
and died a bachelor. " Since the failure of my first wishes,"
he remarks, when over fifty. *' I have never entertained
any serious thoughts of a matrimonial connection."
In 1758 he returned to England, after an absence of
nearly five years, and, through his acquaintance with David
Mallett, gained admittance into a class of society which
enabled him to display his own acquirements, and gather
that general knowledge of current English literature in
which he felt himself to be not so well versed as in more
abstruse researches. Finding that Swift, Addison, Ro-
bertson, and Hume, were praised for various graces of
style, or strength and perspicuity of diction, he read them
with great care, and ardently longed to gain some measure
of that distinction which had rewarded their efforts to in-
struct or please the world.
In 1761 Gibbon confided to Dr. Maty the secret that he
had in a matured state an E.^^sai sur I'etude de la Litt^ra-
tnre. composed in French, and requested his opinion of its
merits. His counsellor urged its publication, and when
the young author hesitated to trust himself into the hands
of critics, his father, ever anxious for his advancement,
insisted upon its being given to the world. Accordingly,
it made its appearance in 176i, in a 12mo vol. The foreign
critics commended it, but at home it was scarcely noticed,
and made no impression at all upon the public mind.
Some years later it was sought for with avidity :
"ITiepublicatlonofroy History, fifteen years afterwards, revived
the memory of my first production, and the Essay was eagerly
sought for in the .^hnps; but I refused the permission of repiint-
ini; it. and when a copy has been discovered at a sale, the primi-
tive value of 2s. Gd. has risen to the fanciful price of 20 or 30
shillintTs." — Autnhingraphy.
About the time of the publication of this Essay he was
appointed Captain of the South battalion of the Hampshire
militia, and for two years and a half endured "a wander-
ing life of military servitude." He discharged his duties
with zeal and fidelity, but was not sorry to return to the
ease of civil life, upon the disbanding of his regiment on
the restoration of peace in 17(t2-(i3. At a later period he
resumed his military duties, and attained the rank of
lieutenant-colonel, and commandant of his regiment. In
1763 he again visited the continent, furnished with letters
to persons of distinction in France from Horace Wuljiole,
the Duke de Nivernois, Lady Hervey, and David Mallett.
In Paris he was pleased to find that his Essay had made
his name familiar to the leaders of fashion and letters, and
he soon mingled on easy terms with D'AIembert, Diderot,
Helvetius. Count de Caylus. the Abbe de Bleterie, Bar-
thelemy, Raynal, Arnaud, and others of more or less note.
Those who appear surprised at the deep-seated infidelity
and easy effrontery iu indecency which are so painfully
manifest in the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
lay too little stress on the fact that a moral ruin in the
better nature of the author had preceded the political
decadence which he has so eloquently described. We have
here, of course, no reference to habits of life or the eco-
nomy of social duties. We go further: we speak of the
"heart, out of which are the issues of life," and we affirm
that, when the desire of the approbation and fear of the
judgments of God have been banished, then the glory has
departed from the temple, and the palace, however beauti-
ful, can claim but the chilling grandeur of the tomb.
In May, 1763, Gibbon revisited Lausanne, where he had
resided for nearly a year, and in 1764 we find him, with
all that devotion which he had once cherished for Chris-
tianity transferred to the worship of classical antiquity, a
pilgrim at the gates of the Eternal City.
He had long anxiously revolved in his mind many pro-
minent eras in the history of the world, in the hope of ac-
quiring by their happy treatment that fame which Robert-
son and Hume considered as an ample reward for their
" days and nights" of patient research and wearisome toil.
The mind of Gibbon was therefore in a state peculiarly
alive to the influence of strong emotion, and this visit to
Rome decided the theme which should carry his name to
posterity, gathering in its progress, we may add, the
mingled admiration and reproach of successive generations
to the end of time. That biographer will do the historian
injustice who shall relate for him what he has so eloquently
told himself — the inception and completion of the Decline
and Fall of the Roman Empire.
'• It was at Rome," he tells us, " on the 15th of October, 1764. as
I sat musing amidst the ruins of the Capitol, while the bare-footed
friars were siujiinfi vespers in the temple of Jupiter, that the idea
of writing!; the decline and fall of the city first started to my mind.
But my orifiiual plan was circumscribed to the decay of the city
rather than of the empire: and, thout;h my readiotr and reflectiong
be..:an to point towards that object, sume years elapsed, and sev&.
ral avocations intervened, before I was seriously engaged in the
execution of that laborious work." — AutobiograpUy.
In 1767, Mr. Deyverdun, a Swiss gentleman, then in
England, to whom Gibbon was warmly attached, united
with him in the publication of a literary Journal, entitled
Memoircs Litterairesdela Grande Brt^tagne, of which only
two vols, appeared, (1767-68.)
"It is not my wish to deny how deeply I was interested in theso
Memniis. of which I need nut be ashamed. ... I will presume to
say that then- merit was superior to their repuUttion ; but it is
661
GIB
GIB
not less true that they were productions of more reputation than
eninlument.." — Aufohiiigraphy.
We may remark that the version of part of Anstey's
New Bath Guitle, in the Memoirs, has been dechired equal
to the celebrated Towneley Hudibras : the Review of Wal-
pole's Historic Doubts was written by David Hume. These
two (l2njo) vols, are now rare. Hanrott's copy sold for
£6 16s. 6d. Gibbon's next publication — an anonymous one,
in 1770 — was Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the
^neid. This was an attack upon Bishop Warburtou's
celebrated hypothesis in the Divine Lejjation of Muses,
respecting the descent of ^neas to hell.
''According to Ci.shnp Warburton the descent to hell is not a
felsebutamimic scene; which represt-nfs the initiation of JEneas.
in the character of a lawfriver. tfl the Eleusinian mysteries. This
hypothesis, a sinpiular character in the divine location of Moses,
had been admitted by many as true; it was praistd by all as inge-
nious, nor had it been exposed, in a space of thirty years, to a fair
and critical discussion. ... As the Bishop of Gloucester and his
party maintained discreet silence, my ciitical disijuisition was soon
lost among the pamphlrts of the day ; but the public coldness was
overbalanced to m> frelin;^s by the weighty approbation of the last
and best editor of 'Mr;:il. I'rofi-ssor Ileyne. of Gottingen ; who ac-
quiesces in my confutation, and styles the unknown author 'doc-
tus . . . et elegantissimus Britannus.' ... In the fifteen years
between my Essay on the Study of Literature and the first volume
of the Decline and Fall. (1761-1776.) this criticism on Warburton,
and some articles in the journal, were my sole publications." —
Aut/^biography.
From the year 1768, Gibbon devoted himself with zealous
industry to the preparation of his great work, " the labour
of six quartos and twenty years," and in 1776 gave the
first volume to the world. Its success was immediate and
complete.
'■• 1 am at a loss how to describe the success of the work, without
betraying the vanity of the writer. The first impression was ex-
hausted in a few days; a second and third edition were scarcely
adequate to the demand; and the bookseller's property was twice
invaded by the pirates "^f Dublin. My book was upon every table,
and almost on every toilette; the histoiian was crowned by the
taste or fashion of the day."
But though the " historian" was warmly and justly com-
mended, the assailant of Christianity did not escape strong
and deserved rebuko. A list of the principal strictures
elicited by the famous 15th and 16th chapters will be found
in Chalmers's Biog. Diet., to which we refer the reader.
Some of these works we have already had occasion to no-
tice, and others will come under our consideration in future
portions of this volume. Among those pnrticulnrly noticed
by Gibbon in his Autobiography are those of Davis, Wat-
son, Apthorpe, Taylor, Priestley, Dalrymple, and White.
Bishop Watson's work — An Apology for Christianity, in a
Series of Letters to Edward Gibbon — is now the best-known
of these vindications. It is not at all necessary that we
should enlarge upon a theme which has received such am-
ple consideration from so many who are well qualified to
judge in the premises. That Gibbon was successful in de-
ceiving even himself by his sophistry we do not at all
believe: and that any candid inquirer can attach much
weight to objections so specious it is still more difficult to
credit. The aversion with which the mind of the historian
contemplated the subject of Christianity can be no marvel
when we remember the impenitent remorse which must
have mingled with his assumption of philosophical skepti-
cism. That he strove to be an infidel we have ample evi-
dence ; that he ever rested satisfied in the exchange which
he had made for the faith of his early days we cannot
concede. He speaks of Christianity as we may imagine
the ingrate to speak of that friend whose kindness he had
rewarded by an attempt to ruin his peace, betray his con-
fidence, and blast his reputation. To use the admirable
languiige of Mr. Milraan,
'■Christianity alone receives no embellishment from the magic
ofUibbous language; his imagination is dead to its moral dignity;
it is kept down by a general tone of jealous disparagement, or neu-
tralised by a painfully elaborate exposition of its darker and de-
generate periods. There are occasions, indeed, when its pure and
exalted humanity, when its manifestly beneficial infiuence, can
compel even him, as it were, to fairness, and kindle his unguarded
eloijuence to its usual fervour; but in general he soon relapses into
a frigid apathy; affectsan ostentatiously severe impartiality; notes
all the faults of Christians in every age with hitter and almost
malignant sarcasm; reluctantly, and with exception and reserva-
tion, admits their claim to admiration. . . . The glories of Chris-
tianity, iu short, touch on no cord in the heai-t of the writer; his
imagination remains unkindled; his words, though they maintj»in
their stately and measured march, have become cool, argumenta-
tive, and inanimate."'
In 1774 Mr. Gibbon entered the House of Commons, in
which he sat for eight years a silent supporter of Lord
North's administration. His claims were not overlooked,
and a seat at the Board of Trade, with an income of £700
to £800, which he enjoyed for three years, was an agreeable
addition to the revenue derived from his paternal acres.
In 1781 appeared the 2d and 3d vols, of the Decline and
Fall. Tlie author complains of " the coldness and even
prejudice of tlie town," but we are assured by contempo-
raneous authority that they were received with "eager-
ness and approbation." In September, 1783, the historian
put into execution a plan lung cherished and ardently
anticipated, — a permanent establishment at Lausanne.
■■ Fnini my early acquaintance with Lausanne. I had always
cheri^lied a secret wish that the school of my youth might become
the retreat of my declining age. A moderate fortune would secure
the blessings of ease, leisure, and independence: the country, the
people, the manners, the language, were congenial to my taste;
and I miiiht indulge the hope of passing some years in the do-
mestic society of a friend. After travelling with several English,
Sir. Deyverdun was now settled at home, iu a pleasant habitation,
the gilt of his deceased aunt: we had long been separated, we had
long been silent; yet in my first letter I exposed, with the most
perfect confidence, my situation, my sentiments, and my designs.
His immediate answer was a warm and joyful acceptance : the
picture of our future life provoked my impatience; and the terms
of arrangement were short and simple, us he possessed the pi"0-
perty, and I undertook the expense of our common house." —
Aulobi'igraphy.
In this delightful retreat, the charms of which the
recluse has drawn with so exquisite a pencil, tbeconcluding
chapters of the Decline and Fall moved rapidly on to
completion, and, iu 1787, vols, iv., v., and vi., were ready
for the press. Bearing in remembrance what we have
remarked in a preceding page, we give the account of the
author's feelings on concluding a work so grand, so truly
great, in his own language :
'■ It w.as on the day. or rather night, of the 27th of .Tune, 1787,
between the hours of eleven and twelve.th.it I wrote the last
lines of the last page, in a summer-house in my garden. After
Laying down my pen. I took several turns in a berceau, or covered
walk of acacias, which commands a prospect of the country, the
lake, and the mountains. The air was temperate, the sky was
serene, the silver orb of the moon was reflected from the waters,
and all nature was silent. I will not dissemble the first emotions
of joy on the recovery of my freedom, and, perhaps, the establish-
ment of my fame. But my pride was soon humbled, and a sober
melancholy was spread over my mind, by the idea that I had t.iken
an everlasting leave of an old and agreeable companion, and that
whatsoever might be the future date of my history, the life of the
historian must be short and precarious."
Alas for that prospect which is bounded by the tomb!
Had the hope of the Christian animated the breast of the
scholar, the anticipation of a "life short and precarious,"
instead of being a cause of grief, would have been produc-
tive of joy. But the thought of the Morning of the Resur-
rection, if at all entertaiued by the skeptic, could have
been a source of nothing but horror, surely not of desire.
Thus did not Boerhnave, thus did not Grotius, nor New-
ton, nor Burke, regard the coming on of '' that night when
no man can work." The historian proceeds to remark :
'' 1 will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in the com-
position of six, or even of five, quartos. 1. My first rou-h manu-
script, without any intermediate copy,has been sent to the press.
2. Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes excepting those
of the author and the printer; the faults and the merits are ex-
clusively my own." — Antfibiiigmphy.
Gibbon now visited England, to superintend the publica-
tion of the conclusion of his work, for which he received
a large sum from the publisher, Mr. Cadell. When the
sheets were all printed, the day of publication was de-
layed, that it might coincide with the author's fifty-first
anniversary of his birthday :
"The double festival was celebrated by a cheerful literary din-
ner at Mr. Cadell's house; and I seemed to blush while they read
an elegant compliment from Mr. Ilayley, whose poetical talents
had more than once been employed iu the praises of his frieud."
The sale of the last vols, was rapid; and, to supply the
demand, an edition of the whole work, in 12 vols. Svo, was
pub., 1788-90. Gibbon's profit on the whole is stated to
have been £6000. whilst the booksellers netted the hand-
some sum of £611,000.
Mr. Gibbon returned to Lausanne, July 30, 1788, and in
about a year from this time met with an irreparable los3
in the death of his friend Deyverdun. He was now thrown
more upon his own resources for amusement, and occupied
himself in writing his own Memoirs, — to which we have
been largely indebted in this sketch. — projecting a series
of biographical portraits of eminent Englishmen from the
time of Henry VIII., (never prepared,) and some other
literary labours.
The events which followed the first excesses of the
French Revolution threatened the peace of Switzerland,
and the blast of war startled the recluse in his library.
With reluctant steps he left the charming retreat, endeared
to him alike by the remembrances of boyhood and the
tranquil satisfactions of mature years, and bent his way to
the great metropolis of his native land. He arrived at
London in June, 1793, spent some time in the city with
his friend Lord Sheffield, and subsequently accompanied
GIB
him to Sheffield Place, where they passed the summer. In
October he paid a visit to Mrs. Gibbon, the widow of his
father, and to Lord Spencer at Althorp, and then returned
to London, whore he expired, after a few hours' illness,
January 15, 179i, from the effects of a rupture (resulting
in hydrocele) of more than thirty years' standing.
" The valH-tk-cliamln-e observed, that Mr. Gibbon did not, at
any time, shew the le;tst sign of alarm, or apprehensiou of death;
and it does not appear that he ever thought himself in danger,
unless his desire to speait to Jlr. Darrei! may be considered in that
light."— i-vrd SfuJJidd's ikmoirs.
Uis lordship informs us that, " twenty hours before his
death, Mr. Gibbon happened to fall into a conversation
not uncommon with him on the probable duration of his
life. He said that he thought himself good for ten, twelve,
or perhaps twenty years."
In 1799, Lord Sheffield, for many years his attached
friend, pub. The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Giljbon,
Esq., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, composed
by himself: illustrated from his Letters, with occasional
Notes and Narrative, 2 vols. 4to. A 3d vol. was added in
1S15; and a new ed. of the whole, with addits., in 5 vols.
8vo, was issued in the same year; also pub. in r. 8vo. New
ed., in one large 8vo vol., pp. 84S, 1837. The Antiquities
of the House of Brunswick was printed (privately) sepa-
rately in 1814. The forty-fourth chapter of the Decline
and Fall, under the title of A Survey of the Civil Law,
Ac., has been printed separately several times at home
and abroad.
There are several French edits., one corrected and en-
larged by Professor Warnkoi/nig, Liege, 1821, 8vo. See
also A Survey of the Civil Law, with Notes by Professor
Hugo; trans, from the German by W.Gardiner, Edin.,
1824, 12mo. The value of this Survey it would be diffi-
cult to exaggerate.
" Perhaps the most masterly and elaborate account of the Civil
Law whifh is extant is to he found in the forty-fourth chapter of
Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the lloman Kmpire. Lord Mansfield
characterised it as ' beautiful and spirited.' " — Warnn's Law Slu-
dits.
'' We have no hesitation in strongly recommending this chapter
to the attentive perusal of the student, as containing a succinct
and masterly historical view of the Roman Law. As a summary
it certainly stands unrivalled, and as a mere outline ouly is it to
be read. . . . This chapter, for what it professes to he, is luminous,
learned, succinct, and satisfactory.
" But the high estimation in which Mr. Gibbon's outline is held
on the continent, where the lloman Law has for so many centu-
ries been thoroughly studied, and elaborately written on. will be
regarded as strong evidence of its high merit." — ll<ijf man's Legal
Stml,,.
Professor Hoffman censures the depreciating rem.arks
upon Gibbon's Survey thrown out by the editor of Sir Wm.
Jones's Treatise on Bailments. For other opinions upon
the Survey, see 1 Brown's Civil Law, Pref., 2 ; Irving's Civil
Law, 188.
We have already noticed two edits, of the Decline and
Fall of the Roman Empire, viz. : — 1. 1776-88, 5 vols. 4to ;
2. 1788-90, 12 vols. 8vo. We proceed to notice, 3. 1802,
12 vols. 8vo; 4. Abridgt., by the Rev. Charles Hereford,
1789, 2 vols. 8vo; 5. Edin., 1811, 12 vols. 8vo ; 6. Lon.,
1815, 12 vols. 8vo ; 7. Expurgated ed., by Thomas Bowdler,
1826, 5 vols. Svo.
" The indecent expressions, and all allusions of an improper
tendency, have been erased."'
8. Corrected ed., particularly in the Greek Notes, Oxf.,
1828, 8 vols. 8vo; 9. Pub. by H. Bohn, imp. 8vo ; 10. By
Chalmers, pub. by Longman, 8vo ; 11. By Guizot, pub. by
A. Hall, 2 vols. r. Svo ; 12. Pub. by Pickering, 8 vols. 8vo,
and large paper; 13. By AVestley and Davis, 1837, 1 vol.
r. 8vo; 14. With the Notes of Guizot, Wenck, and the
Editor, by the Rev. H. N. Milman, pub. by Murray, 1838,
12 vols. 8vo. (See Nos. 15 and 18.) 15. Secoud ed. of the
preceding, with addits., 1846, 6 vols. Svo; 16. Pub. by
Virtue, illustrated, 1850, 2 vols., sup. r. Svo; 17. With
variorum Notes, including those of Guizot, Wenck, Nie-
huhr, Hugo, Neander, and other foreign scholars, editetl
by an English Churchman, pub. in Bolm's Brit. Classics,
vols, i.-v., 1853-54 ; 18. Third ed. of Milman's ed., with
additional Notes by Dr. Wm. Smith, portrait and maps,
pub. by Murray, 1854-55, 8 vols. 8vo.
This edition includes the Autobiography of Gibbon, and
is distinguished by careful revision of the text, verifica-
tion of all the references to ancient writers, and notes
incorporating the results of the researches of modern
scholars and the discoveries of recent travellers.
The Life and Corresp. of Gibbon, edited by Mr. Mil-
man, were pub. in 1839, 8vo; and an edit, of the Autobio-
graphy was pub. by Wbittaker in 2 vols., 12mo and ISmo.
° " The Life of tiilibon is a valuajjle and necessary companion to
the Vcdim and Rdl. No one who desires to be informed in the
GIB
most engaging and dignified manner of the most important eras in
tlie world's annals can allow himself to remain unaciuainted with
the life and correspondence of its very remarkable author."— Ztm.
Mnnthhj Kev.
" It is perhaps the best specimen of autobiography in the hnglish
language. iJescending from the lofty level of his history, and
ielaxiug the stately march which he maintains throughout that
work, into a more natural and easy pace, this enchanting writer,
with an ease, a spirit, and a vigour peculiar to himself, conducts
his readers through a sickly childhood, a neglected and desultory
education and a youth wasted in the unpromising aud unscholar-
like occupation of a militia officer, to the period when he resolutely
applied the energies of his genius to a severe course of voluntary
study, which, in the space of a ft-w years, rendered him a consum-
mate master of Itoman antiquity, and lastfy produced the history
of the decline and fatl of the mighty empire."— iod. Qiiar. Itev.,
xii. 3fiS-391. q.v. i, ,. , ^ w t, .,
"The autobvnraphy of GimoN, attached to his Posthumous
Works, edited by Lord Sheffield, has been perhaps the most popu-
lar production of its kind, of modern times. It is winning in an
unusual degree. The periods Oow with a sort of liquid cadence.
The facts are beautifully l.n.oght together and ingeniously argued
upon; and the life of a stiidinus Ueclnse ha.s something, about it
of the air of a romantic Adventurer. This is attributable to the
charm, the polish, the harmony of the style. But the Autobio-
graphy of Gibbon is, in fact, the consummation of Art ; and never
were pages more determinedly and more elaborately written for
the admiration of posterity. How different is the Autobiography
of lIliMEi But hnth these great writers were the sai«<'—in then'
own memoirs .and their histories: the former, like Johnson's de-
scription of Gray, had generally 'a kind of strutting dignity, and
was tall by walking on tip-tne;' the latter, all simplicity and per-
spicuity, would rather be courted by, than court, the Graces: and
his style was grace itself."— -D*<'i«'s Lib. Omip. , ti ii
As regards the various edits, of the Decline and Fall,
Dean Milman's (see No. 18, above) has no rival. For
family reading, where it is not pleasant to he obliged to
keep the eyes always a little in advance of the voice, if
reading aloud, or where you hesitate to trust infidelity and
indecency uncorrected to your children, Bowdler's edit, is
to be preferred; and we should be glad to see a new
edition, s.ay in 3 vols. Svo, price not over £2. Of course
the scholar can by no means dispense with Milman's ex-
cellent edition, which contains the unmutilated text of
Gibbon, carefully revised, particularly in the quotations ;
and illustr.ated with notes, to correct the errors of Gibbon,
and especially to put the unwary reader on his guard
against his misstatements regarding Christianity.
The chief works from which Mr. Milman derived his
materials are : — I. The French translation, with Notes,
by M. Guizot. II. The German translation, with Notes
of Wenck. III. The new edition of Le Beau's Histoire
du Bas Empire, both with Notes by M. St. Martin and M.
Brosset. IV. Such works as have come to light since the
appearance of Gibbon's History.
" There can be no ciuestiim that this edition of Gibbon is the only
one extant to which parents and guardians, and academical au-
thorities, ought to give any measure of countenance. The editoi-'s
illustrations'on subjects of secular and literary interest are in
every respect such as might have been anticipated from bis cha-
racter, as one of the most accomplished scholars and writers of his
a„„."_KEV. J. 3. Blont, in Lrm. Quar. Rev., Ixii. 360-385. q. v.
°" Gibtjon's History, especially as edited by Mr. Milman, is a work
for all time and for all classes. It never before was a work which
could be safely put into the hands of the young, or of those whose
opportunities and means for detecting its perversions were few.
Now, however, the errors of this luminous and imposing history
have been skilfully and convincingly noted. The poison, if not
extr.acted, has been made palpable."— ifm. Monthly Ktview.
"The name of Gibbon will occur to the student as a splendid,
but in some respects dangerous guide, down to the close of the
sixteenth century. We say he is a dangerous guide, in respect of his
gross and malignant misrepresentations concerning the Christian
religion; and we recommend the student to procure the Rev. H.
Milman's edition of Gibbon, in which that great writer's errors
and misrepresentations will be found exposed with candour, free-
dom, and learning."— IRirrc7rs Law Stadia.
See also Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 273-307, for a review of
Guizot's trans, of the Decline and Fall into French, Paris,
1828 ; a review of Gibbon's Life in the Lon. Eclectic
Rev 4th series, vi. 142 ; and articles in Eraser's Mag.,
xliii. 291 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1846, Pt. 1, 230, 687 ; Best.
Chris. Rev., xiii. 34; N.York Democrat. Rev., xx. 621;
N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., ii. 38; Phila. Museum,
xxiv. 526 ; Phila. Analectic Mag., vi. 89. The student
must also peruse Person's severe strictures, in the preface
to his Letters on Travis, on the indecency of portions of
the Decline and Fall, especially vols. v. and vi. ; and the
notices of Gibbon in W. H. Prescott's Biog. and Crit. Mis-
cellanies, and in the other authorities from which we shall
I>roceed to quote.
We confess to so ardent an admiration of this truly
great author, that it is with p.ain we are obliged to advert
to his grave errors, for which genius, however exalted,
learning, however profound, and diction, however splen-
did, can make no adequate atonement. Not for the genius
of Homer, the wealth of the Indies, nor " all the learning
6«3
GIB
of tbo Egyptinns," would we be willing to write one line
calculated to disturb tbe faith of the humblest Christian
in that^.nspired record which '• hath God for its Author,
Iruth lor Its substance, and Salvation for its end '" In a
world of trial, sorrow, and temptation, let no impious
hand presume to assail that Ark of Refuge and Consola-
tion which Divine mercy has provided for the guilt and
misery ot humanity.
We conclude our notice of this distinguished writer
With some quotations from eminent authorities :
h.,'i «f;'^"''i'"/'''^'/''"''''' P*-™'=>b "hich allowed 1.10 to feel nothinR
but the Interest of a narrative always animat.d. and, notwhh-
liJtii'f "! e'"™' "Id 'he vaiiety of ol.jects which it makes to
pass nelore the view, always perspicuous, I entered upon a minute
examination of the details of which it was composed, and the
opinion which I then formed was. I confess, sin-ulaily severe I
aiscoTored. in certain chapters, errors which appeared to me suffi-
ciently important and numerous to make me believe that they hid
been written with extreme ne-liience; in others, I was struck
with a certain tinge of |arti,,lity „nd prejudice, which imparted to
the exposition of the f„ts ll.at waut of truth and justice which
the Iinftlish express by Iheir happy term misrepraentalnj,,. Some
^Km^^* J'™''"^^r* quotations, some passages omitted uninten-
tionally or desijrnedly have cast suspicion on the houeslv (bonne
foij of the author: and his violation of tbe first law of historv-
inS",^ S^' Ivf ^^ the prolonged attention with which I oc-
cupied myself with every phrase, every note, every rellectioii-
caused me.toform on the wholes judgment far too rigorous A ler
having finished my labours, I allowed some time to elap"e l^f, re
I reviewed the whole. A second attentive and re^-ular n-ru ", of
«J1;?. /,K ■ ""'" *° "ibjoin. showed me how much I had ex-
aggerated the importance of the reproaches which Gibbon re.illv
deserved. I was struck with the same errors, the same p° tial y
ti^/'.o A" '■'"'•"''"''•■ "■" ' "••'<» '■"^ far from doing adCluate jus
tice to the imnicusify of his researches, the variety of h s knn"v-
juft'essTdVtmm ;;';■■'£ '"f "■?!.^ philosophical -di-scrhui nation
Ehti, ,: '^'"'-11''"*'* O"' P'"-h"t itself to he blinded by the clouds
which t me gathers around the dead, and which prevents us from
seeing that under the toga as under the mode™ Sressn the
senate .as in our councils, men were what they slih .are and that
Z-s'' iThen^'n: ?;,="-■■ -"'uries ago as th(v take pla" fn'ou
aajs. 1 then felt that his book, in sp te of its faults will alw-ivs
be a noble work ; and that we may correct his en rs a" d combi?
b ne''d1"wr,%';l'J'r' --'■>^'.'' »<"-" 'bat few men ha^e com-
fcVr V" "' '■'':"-''^P»''»eSs ofluiowt ge,and we'?an
ral s orth'''T "'"'i w""^ ""■°"''''' ^'"^ instrumeiality7he r°
suits ot the learned labours of the irre.at collc-lnrc „f „ . ■ ,
As bcblosser has introduced the name of Lord Brougham
m h,s review of the characteristics of Gibbon, it wifl no
be m.appropr,ate to quote some comments of the former
upon tlie style of the great historian of the Ro nan E mphe
"He will not condescend to be plain- be for-ets Vw Vi '^
mmiiBmsm
darkness it.self. The main fault nf hi ,"1"^ .""'nteresting as
self a'^h!'?'"''''' "/ !"■■• ^'■'''™" '" ""^ connction-him-
in?clp:r.'tWeh°t,ZsTand r/,r"?r ■■'^ "'■■""'■^ "■"« -"«''°
uncertai'n of pSli"°fav™r''Aud h deed" hi:'",' 'i"'" ""^ ""' "^^"
ingly commended by tbe nio.st con pete.d , m- ' if 1^', T'""''
popular appl'ause V, b,f; h :n7r„'';,,^'''l 'fh'''','';" ""■'-^ "'
day. his increased c,,i,se,,o,., v b,", , .T:^, „ '"'' .'",»»'■!■•"' "' 'be
sumed staleliness and , iii . , r ", i "i™ "^''''» '" ""■ »''■
after this period, wlunev" V e Vn i ; i. o m"!'"";- ","1 "'"'
GIB
It will now be interesting to see what was the author's
own opinion of the comparative merits of his different
Toluines :
-The style of the first volume, in my opinion, is somewhat crude
and elaborate; in the .second and thiid it is ripened intoease cor
rectness and numbers; but in the three last I m.Hv have been
seduced by the fiicility of my pen. and the constant h.diit of spe!ak
mg one language and writing another may have infused some
mi.xture ol Ualhc idioms."-.4„to(,!«<,r„;,/,y mmsea some
The tribute of the historian of Modern Europe to his
great predecessor is truly eloquent :
" (iilibon, the architect of a bridge over the dark gulf which sena-
rales ancient from modern times, who.se vivid genius has tinTd
wuh^brilliant colours the greatest historical wol^k'lL exSSn ".^•-
<5nftJ"'■^^?•T"■''"'u •''?'" ^^^ ''''''= "'"I'-e ol Professor
omyth IS all lor which we can find space •
thanhisw'l h" "!"' "'"^-v? history, it is oftjn something more
than history, and above it; it is pbilo.sopby, it is theology it is
suSwitHwEifi' ■ '' '?''""" '.'"' n-""' ^"S'erly upo7e cry
suojea witli which literature can be connected. If the stvie bo
toVou's tn 1^ :1"'1-'' ''^t°''^'>f'™ «b»™re, to te often mono-
tonou.s to he sometimes even ludicrously disproportioned to tho
subject. 1 must at the same time be allowed, th.nt whenever an
opportunity presents itself, it is the striking and adequate renrS
sentation of comprehrn.sive thought and weighty remaX It may
be necessary no doubt to warn the student again.st the irnta" on
ofa mode ofwriting so little easy and natmal R„i .>,. „
cessity of the cau.i,,,, i„,pH„s ,hi ^It™!" m Itfs tot re^s.^d"
unatta nable to tbe immaturity of his own mind, he would alr,;I
consent to iidmire. or hope to emulate. . . When such is ?h!
work ,t IS placed beyond the justice or the injustfce of Cit dsm
g^m"iS !^;^- , t,-n-<7;is^?i =£S
?'siJ»|i;^-^ritsrs-i„£iH
so r.are. that the History of tbe Decline and Fall must alwl^s h2
pean,h only with the civilization of the world."_Zec(. on Mod
po;«'^"^Jn^iS;^';°[^s';?-->--!^,!s:'S
sj^n^rK-"^- :i-hsr™- T.!r;^H£?
of Vohair''Th"-' •" "«.'"M^'l "Pini-ns and imp ™Vmocke fs
;sr^xi°-s;er^--:--'^ £gSS
sunf and\ThT;"w^nw" %^'l";fy^e"^'tu' h ? ''' '''rr'"".=
of a.I,ZZl,t ■" f^/^^""' PO'-x-ber in the Philosophical Essays
of n 1 /iwTb 1- '■" *"' ■■'■P'-'"''™'ation of the unsra^al characte?
b5SfS^"!SSHSS?i£H
i>^;9y^,:!rnn^cC:^;^;^:.:L-^°^r:i-,:r
breys Miscellanies, and in ,he Harleian Mis'iell ,ny ""
, Gibbon, John, 11129-1719? an ancestor of ibe histo
nan, educ.atcd at Jesus Coll., Camb., after lending for ome
time a soldier's life in France, the Netherlandf and Vir-
ginia, obtained the appointment of Blue Man le by the
patronage of Sir Wm. Dugdalc, then Norroy He pub
GIB
GIB
guiii. An English text is perpetually interBpfrspd with Latin
senfem-es in prosH and verse; but in his own poetry he^'laiuis ;in
exenipiinn from the laws of prosody." — Edward Giiboit^s Aulo-
biO:/rn}>hif.
Gibbon, Thomas, Account of the Cromwell Family,
177:^. svn.
Gibbon, Wni. Serms., 1743, '47, 4to.
Gibbons, Christopher, Mus. Doc, son of Orlando
Gil'ljons, was nUo a composer of music.
Gibbons, D. 1. Lex Temporis. Lon.. IS.SS, 12rao.
2. Law of Fixtures, 18;i0, 12aio. ;i Law nf Dilnpiilations
and Nuisances, 1839, '49, Svo. 4. Metrupol. Building Act,
1844. fp. Svo.
Gibbons, Kllis, son of Orlando Gibbons, was also a
composer of uiusie.
Gibbons, Orlando, 15S3-1625, a celebrated composer
of music. Madrigals and Mottets for Viols and Voyccs,
Lon.. 1G12. This vol. is Tenor. He composed the tunes
for George Wither'a trans, of Hymns and Sougs of the
Church, and in;iny pieces of music.
Gibbons, Uiehard, 1549-16;i2,alcarned Jesuit, born
at AViiuhester, jiuli. F. Hilierie Com. in duodecim Pro-
phetas miuores, Doway, 1612, and several other works.
See Alegambe; Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Gibbons, Thomas, D.D., 1720-1785, a Calvinist dis-
senting divine, a native of Reak, minister nf the Inde-
pendent congregation at Haberdashers' Hnll, London,
1743-85. He pub. many serms., theolog. treatises, poems,
memoirs, a collection of hymns. &c., 1743-S7. Among his
best-known works are, 1. The Christian Minister; in three
Poetical Epistles to Philander, Ac, Lon., 1772, Svo.
*'Uere you have a thousand hints respeL-tini; the reading nf the
best authors, thi- composing of seriuous, kc." — OdUm Mather.
2. Rhetoric, 1707, Svo. 3. Memoirs of eminently pious
Women, 1777, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., enlarged, by Rev.
George Jcrment and Rev. Saml. Burder, 1815, 3 vols. Svo.
4. Memoirs of Dr. Isaac Watts, 17S0, Svo. 5. Serms. on
Evangel, and Prac. Subjects, 1787. 3 vols. 8vo.
" Directed to a practical purpose, and tend to ft-riii the heart to
piety and goodness. The style is plain aud properly adapted to
the pulpit." — Lon. MimVibj Rev.
See Daviks, Rkv. Samuel.
Gibbons, Thomas, M.D. Medical Cases nnd Re-
marks, Sudbury. 17119, Svo; 2d ed., Lou.. iSdl.Svo. Con.
to Ann. of Med.. 1790.
Gibbons, Wm. Iron Trade. Ac. Lon., 1785, Svo.
Gibbs, Dr. Cures of King's E\il. Lon., 1712, Svo.
Gibbs, George. 1. The Judicial Chrcmicle, Camb.,
1834, Svo. 2. Memoirs of the Administrations of Wash-
ington and John Adams. Edited tVoni the papers of Oliver
Wolcott, Secretary of the Treasury, N.York. I S46.2voIs.8vo.
'• Of inestimalile value for its authentic materials." — President
King.
'• Mr. Gibbs [the crandson of Oliver WolcottJ has performed his
task extremely well." — North American.
Gibbs, Dr. James. 1. Poem, Lon., 1700, foL 2. The
first 15 Psalms of David trans, into lyric verse, 1701, 4to.
Gibbs, James, 1674?-1754, an eminent architect, a
native of Alierdeen. 1. Book of Architecture, Lon., 1728,
fol. 2. Rules, Ac. rel. to Architecture. 1732, '38, foL
3. Bibliotheca Radcliviana, 1747. fol. 4. Trans, of Osorio's
Latin Hist, of the Portugese, 1752, 2 vols. Svo.
Osorius has, from the purity of his language and taste,
been called the Cicero of Portugal.
Gibbs, John. Serms., 1698.
Gibbs, John. English Gothic Architecture, Lon.,
1855, imp. 4to.
*' Mr. (jiljljs's desiims evince a great amount of professional skill
and good taste, and will bear comparison with the best works of a
similar nature of Mr. ru'j;in." — Oxfnrd Clir/midc.
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, Prof, of Sacred Literature
in Yale College since 1.S24. A Helirew nnd Eug. Lexicon
to the Old Test., including the Biblical Chaldec. from the
German Works of Prof. W. Gesenius, Andover, 1824, r. Svo ;
Lon., lS27,8vo; 2d ed., 1832, Svo. Of this excellent work,
which may be called a new Hebrew and English Lexicon,
an ed. for schools was pub. in Andover, 1828, Svo ; 2d ed.,
N. Haven, 1832, Svo ; Lon., 1833, Svo. An account of these
works will be found in Home's Bibl. Bib., Lon. Evangel.
Mag., Ac. Philological Studies, with English Illustrations,
N. Haven, 1S37, 12mo. A New Latin Aniilyst. 1859.
Gibbs, Philip. Hist. acct. of Compendious and
Swift Writing, &<;., Lon., 1736, Svo.
"The historical aeoount displays extensive reading, impartial
judtjaient, and much ltnowled;j;e of the theory of the art. but the
system is siiij^ularly obscure and confused." — Lowndes's Bihl. Man.
See Dr. Biichs Ded. to the Life of Aichbishop Tillotson.
Gibbs, Philip. Theidog. treatises, 1737-40.
Gibbs, Kichard. The new I>iaorders of Love; a
Novel, 1687, Svo.
Gibbs, Samnel. Common Recoveries, Lon. ,1821, Svo.
Gibbs, T. IVI. Trans, into English of M. le Royde
Gomberville's Doctrine of Morality, Lon., 1721. fol.
Gibbs, Sir Vicary, 1752-1820, Chief-Justice of the
Common Pleas, 1813-20. 1. Speech in Defence of T.
Hardy, 1795, Svo. 2. Speech in Defence of John Home
Tooke, 17115, Svo.
Gibbs, W. Handbook of Architectural Ornament,
Lon.. 1 851, Svo.
Gibbs, Wm. Funl. Serm., 1600, 4to.
Giblelt, Paul. Calumnies of G. Horrower, 1815.
Gibney, John, M.D. 1. Sea Bathing, 1SI3, Svo,
2. Vapour Bath, Svo.
"The work is bntli instructive and amn«:in)2;; and though ob-
viously written for the public, is not without its value to the
profi?ssion." — Lon. Lancet.
Gibson. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1092, 4to.
Gibson. Memoirs of Queen Annej being a Supp. to
the Hi^t. of her Reign, 1729, Svo.
Gibson, Abraham, Serms., 1613, '19, Svo.
Gibson, Sir Alexander, of Durie. Decisions of the
Lords of Council and Session, 1621-42, Edin., 1690, fob
Gibson, Antony. A Woman's Wourth defended
against all the Men in the World, proving them to be
more perfect, e.xcellent. and absolute in all virtuous Actions
than any Man of what Qualitle soever. Written by one
that has heard much, seene much, but knowes a great deal
more, Lon., 1599. Svo. Antony Gibson was the editor of
this work, which is supposed to be a trans, from tlie Cham-
pion des Femnies of the Chevalier de I'Escale. The hearty
galbmtry of the title is very observable, and his positions
perhaps not fur out of the way.
Gibson, Art. 1. Club Serms., Lon., 1844, 12rao; 3d
ed.. 1854. 2. Serms. on various subjects, 1S53, 12mo.
Gibson, Benj. 1. Artificial Pupil of the Eye, Lon.,
ISU, Svo. 2. Con. to Nich(d. Jour., 1806.
Gibson, Edmund, D.D., 1669-1748, a native of
Bampton, Westmnreland, entered Queen's Coll.. Oxf., 1686;
Rector of Lambeth, 1703; Archdeacon of Surrey, 1710;
Bishop of Lincoln. 1715 ; trans, to London, 1723. He waa
a learned thetdogian and antiquary, and pub. a number of
works, among which are the following: 1. Chronicon Sax-
onicum. trans, into Latin with the Saxon original, aud
Gibson's Notes, Oxf., 1692, 4to.
" Allowed by the Warned to be the best remains extant of Saxon
antinuity."
2. Trans, of Camden's Britannia into English, with ad-
ditions, 1722, 2 vols, fob; 1753, '72. See Camden, Wil-
liam. 3. Reliquiae Spelmanniso, with Life of the author,
Ac, 1698, fol. 4. Synodus Anglicana, 1702, Svo. 5. The
Holy Sacrament Explained, 1705, Svo. Anon. Often Re-
printed. 6. Family Devotion, 1705, Svo. Anon. 7. Codex
Juris Ecclesia; Anglican.'e, Lon., 1713, 2 vols, fob; 2d ed.,
enlarged and corrected, Oxf., 1761, 2 vols. fol. A splendid
work from the Clarendon press.
" This is by murh the most valuable work we have on this sub
ject; it may be proper, however, to read along wiih it a pamphlet
said to have been written by Jud^^e Foster, entitled An Examina-
tion of the Scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex .luris
Kcclesiastici Anglicani, Third edition, Lon., 1730." — Bishop
Watoon.
8. Pastoral Lett, on Infidelity. Lon., 1728, '29, Svo. This
was occasiimed by Woolston's Discourses on Miraeles.
" An excellent pastoral letter, written, as all his are, with great
clearness and strength." — LtUmd's Di isliraf JVnlers.
Three Pastoral Letters, 1732, Svo. Five, 1760, 12mo;
and Pour are reprinted in Bishop Randolph's Enchiridion
Theologicum.
"Gibson's Pastoral Letters contain a clear and excellent sum-
mary of the arguments in defence of (Jospei revelation, as well as
a powerful preseivative against the writings that favour the cause
of Intidelity." — Ow-n's Din-ctions.
*■ Some useful reniai-Us — of Tillotson's School." — Bickerd-Vi's C. S.
10. A Collect, of the principal Treatises against Popery
173S, 3 vols, fob New ed., edited and revised tor Brit
Reform Soc, by John Cumming, D.D., 1848-49, 18 vols
Svo. Supp., 1850, 8 vols. Svo.
"A valuable collection of tracts against popery, chiefly on ra-
tional and argumentative grounds. It enibodies several valuable
Protestant pamphlets, and though wanting in the evangelical
spirit of the Heformation. as far as just argument and just reason-
ing go, it furnishes an armoury of weapons against popery." —
BlCKLRSTETH.
" An impregnable barrier against the usurpations and supersti-
tions of the Church of Home."— Jkremy Bentham.
The theological student should also procure Lud. Le
Blanc's Theses Theologies, 1683, fob
'* This work may very properly accompany Gibson's Preservative
against Popery, as it is written with great learning and candour,
upon the principal subjects of controveisy between the KomaQ
and the lU-fMrmtd Churches."— Bishop Wvtsos.
" Highly worthy of an attentive perusal." — Mosheim.
665
GIB
GIF
Eigbop Gibson also pub. several occasional serms.,
tracts, (fee.
'•In private life he possessed the social virtues in an eminent
degree, and bis Ijeneficenco was very extensive."'
See Bioj;. Brit. ; Whistou'a Life; Coxe's Life of Walpole;
Censura Literaria.
Gibson, Francis. 1. Strearashall Abbey; a Play,
1800, 8vo. 2. Mem. of the Bastile, 1S02, 8vo. 3. Con.
to Archwol., 1792.
Gibson, Henry. Con. to Med. Olis. and Inq., 1770.
Gibson, James. Jour, of the Siege of Cape Breton,
1745. 8vo.
Gibson, James. Theolog. treatises, A-c, 1830, &c.
Gibson, John. Ills Catechisme. Lon., 1579, 8vo.
Gibson, John, D.D. Serm., 1719, 8vo.
Gibson, John. Serm., 1727, 8vo.
Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., 1762, 8vo.
Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., l7tiS, 8vo.
Gibson, John, M.D. 1. The Fruit Gardener, Lon.,
1768, 8vo. Anon. Doubtful. 2. Fevers, 1769, Svo. 3. The
Principal Elements: or, Primary Particles of Bodies in-
quired into, <tc.,1772,8vo. 4. Bilious Diseases, &c., 1799, 8vo.
Gibson, John. Midwifery, Colches., 1773. 12mo.
Gibson, John. Odes and other Poems, 1818, Svo.
Gibson, John. Serms., ic., 1837, &c.
Gibson, Joseph. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Gibson, Joseph. Hist, of Glasgow, Glasg., 1777, Svo.
Gibson, Rev. Kennet. Comment, upon part of the
6th .Jour, of Antoninus tlirough Britain, Lon., 1800, 4to.
Postb. ; ed. and enlar;;ed by Richard Gough.
Gibson, Leonard. Tower of Trustinesse, Lon.,
16nio. fi!uie aitni>. In verse and prose.
Gibson, Matthew. Churches of Door, Hume-Lacy,
and Ilein|isted, Lon., 1727, 4to.
Gibson, Robert. Land Surveying, Lon., 1767, Svo.
New ed. by M. Trotter, 1860, Svo.
Gibson, Samuel. Serms., 1645, 1709.
Gibson, T., of St. Matthew's, Bethnal Green. Lects.
on the Hist, of Joseph. Lon., 1853, Svo.
" Useful inform.ition. pleasing des<Tiption, and faithful teaching
are c(*iiibiiied in tllese Lectures." — Jour, of Sacred Lit., Oct. 185^.
Gibson, T. A. Educational works, Lon., 1840, &c.
Gibson, Thomas, d. 1562, a learned printer and
physician, wrote several medical ,and theolog. works. He
was a warm friend to the Reformation. See Tanner ; Bale ;
Athen. O.xon. ; Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.
Gibson, Thomas. Serms., 1584, 1618.
Gibson, Thomas. Syntaxis Matbematica, 1655.
Gibson, Thomas, M.D. Anatomy of Human Bodies
Epitomized, Lcm., 1682, '84, '88, '97, 1703, Svo.
Gibson, Thomas. An Ode, Lon., 1755, 4to.
Gibson, W. Tythes, 1673, 4to.
Gibson, W. S., has pub. several works on Geology,
Topography, Literary History, Ac, Lon., 1840-54. His
work On the Mediaeval Writers of English History was pub.
in 1848, Svo.
Gibson, Capt. Walter M. The Prison of Weltevro-
den; or, a Glauce at the East Indian Archipelago. Capt. G.
here gives an account of his adventures aud his imprison-
ment l)y the Dutch. See Putnam's Mag., Dec. 1855. p. 651.
Gibson, Westby. Forest and Fireside Hours; Ori-
ginal Poems, 3d ed., Lon., 1855.
" Worthy of distinguished notice." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
Gibson, Wni. Works on farriery, Lon., 1720-55.
Gibson, \Vm. Poetical works, Lon., 1772-81.
Gibson, Wni. 1. Elidure and Ella; a Cambrian Tale,
Ac, Lon., 1805. 2. Stone Cross; in Archseol., 1803.
Gidile, or Gedde, Walter. 1. Draughts for Gar-
deners, Glasiers, and Plaisterers, Lon., 1615, 4to. New ed.,
with addits., 117 Plates, edited by H. Shaw, 1848, Svo.
2. The Matnier how to Anneile, or Paint in Glass. 1616, 4to.
GidUings, Joshua R., for twenty years a Representa-
tive ot the State of Ohio in the Congress of the U.S. The
Exiles of Florida. Columbus, Ohio, 1858, 12mo. Reviewed
by Josiah t^iiincy, in Atlantic Monthly.
Giddy, Davies. See Gilbert, D.ivies.
GiesecKe, Prof. Mineral System, Dubl., 1815, Svo.
Gitl'ard, Dr., a native of Ireland, editor of the St.
James's Chronicle, 1819-27; of the London Standard,
1827, to the present time, (1855.) Dr. G. is a warm sup-
porter of Protestant interests in Ireland.
Gitfard, B. Serms. in (vol. ii. 153) Catholick Serms.,
Lon., 1741. 2 vols. Svo.
Gitlard, Edward. 1. A visit to the Ionian Islands,
Athens, and the Morea, Lon., 1837, p. Svo.
" .\lr- tJiltard's work is very creditable to its author." — Lon.
Qltar. Iter.
2. Deeds of Naval Daring, 1852, fp. Svo ; 2d Series, 1S54.
666
Giffard, Francis. Serms., 16S1, 4to.
Gitfard, George. See GvFP.\ni>.
Gilfard, Ilardinge. Ode for Oct. 25, 1809, I2mo.
Gitfard, John. Family Religion, Lon., 1713, '15.
Gilfard, John. See Giffobd.
Gitlard, Wm. I. 325 Cases in Midwifery; revised
and jmb. by Edward Hody, M.D., Lon., 1734, 4to. 2. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1726, '30.
Gilford. Dissert, on the Song of Solomon and a poet,
version, Lon., 1751, Svo. Anon.
'• The writer considers the poem as a pastoral, composed by Solo-
mon for the amusement of his li^'hter hours, shortly after his nup-
tials with I'haraoh's dau'ihter." — Ormc's Bibl. Bib.
Gilford, Andrew, D.D., 1700-1784, a Baptist minis-
ter and noted antiquary. 1. Serm., 1733, 8vo. 2. Tables
of Eng. Silver and Gold Coins, Lon., 1763, 2 vols.4to;
1772, 4to. See Folkes, M.irtin. 3. Serm., 1784. See
Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol, liv.
Gilford, Archer, of Newark, N. Jersey. 1. N. Jersey
Statutory Constructions, Newark, 1852, r. Svo. 2. N.Jer-
sey Statutory Index, 1852, r. Svo. 3. Unison of the Liturgy :
vol. i.. 1S56, 12mo: vol. ii. is ready for the press, (1S58.)
Gilford, Bonaventura, D.D. Serm., 1687, 4to.
Gilford, C II. Hist, of the Wars occasioned by the
French Revolution, Lon., 1816, 4to. A good subject. See
Clifford, Rob.
•• In little estimation." — LmuncUs^i Bibl. Man.
Giflord, E. Castleton. France and England; or,
Scenes in each, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gill'ord, George. Mystery of Providence, 1695.
Gilford, Humirey. A Posie of Gilloflowers, eche
differing from other in Colour and Odour, yet all sweete,
Lon., 1580, 4to.
"The only known copy of this book is in the royal library." —
Lowni/es^a liihl. Man.
"This very same volume contains prose translations from the
Italian and French, and a collection of poems, devotional, moral,
and narrative. Gifford wrote with great facility, as will appear
horn the fallowing specimens." — EHis's .'<ptcimcns.
Giflord, James. 1. Unity of God, 5th ed., Lon.,
1815. Svo. 2. Remonstrance of a Unitarian, 1818, Svo.
Gilford, John. De Ratione Alendi Ministros Evan-
gelicus. et Querela et Mystarum Calamitatibus, Hamb.,
1619, Svo.
Gilford, John, 1758-1818, whose real name was John
Richards Green, assisted in the establishment of the
British Critic, 1793, and the Anti-Jacobin Review, 1798,
and pub. a number of historical and political works, among
which are, 1. Hist, of France, trans, from several French
authors, Lon., 1791-94, 5 vols. 4to. 2. Reign of Louis
XVL, and Hist, of the French Revolution, 1794, '96, 4to.
3. Narrative of the Transac. rel. to Louis XVI., 1795, 4to.
4. Residence in France in 1792-95, in Letters from an Eng-
lish Lady, 1797, 2 vols. Svo; 3 eds. pub. Not written, but
pub., by Gifibrd.
" It is only justice to say, that the style is as polished as the
matter is interesting and important; nor have we any doubt that
the book will remain a permanent monument of the taste and
talents of the writer." — Britis/t Critic. April, 1797.
5. Hist, of the Polit. Life of the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt, 1809,
3 vols. r. 4to, and also in 6 vols. Svo. For his defence of
the government, Gifford was made a police magistrate and
rewarded with a pension. See an account of Gifford and
his works, several of which were trans, from the French,
in the Lon. Gent. Mag., March and May, 1818.
" Mr. Gilford's great erudition has elevated him to the first rank
of modern authors, and several of the productions of his pen are
standard works, and very justly considered of sterling worth, be-
ing published on a great variety of political subjects.'" — Lon. GeiU.
Mag.. Marcli, 1818.
Gilford, John. English Lawyer; or, Every Man his
own Lawyer. Lon., 1827, Svo.
Gilford, Richard, d. 1807, aged 82, Rector of North
Okendon, Essex, 1772, wrote Remarks on Kennicott's Dis-
sert, on the Tree of Life in Paradise; Contemplation, a
Poem ; Outlines of an Answer to Dr. Priestley's Disquisi-
tions on Matter and Spirit.
Gifford, William. De Turco-Papismo contra Re-
ginald! et Giffordi Calvino-Turcisinum, Lon., 1599, fol.
Gifford, William, 1756-1826, an eminent critic, a
native of Ashburton, Devon, was the son of poor parents,
who left him an orphan before ho had attained his 13th
year. The youth tried the sea for a short time in a coast-
ing-vessel, and was subsequently bound to a shoemaker,
with whom he remained until he had almost reached the
ago of twenty, when he was sent to Oxford by the kind
offices of Mr. Cookesley, a surgeon of the town. After
leaving college, he travelled in Europe as companion to
Lord Belgrave, and on his return settled in London and
devoted his attention to literature.
GIF
In 1794 he pub. the B.-iviad, a poetical satire, in imita-
tion of the tirst satire ol Persius,— elicited by the effusions
of Mrs. Pio/.zi, Bertie Oreatheae. Robert Merry, William
Parsons, Ac. The history of the literary party at Florence
is familiar to many of our readers. In Uili appeared his
Mseviad, an imitation of Horace, which was aimed at the
low state of dramatic authorship then prevailing. These
satires were so greatly admired tliat the 6th ed. of the two
was pub. in 1801), in a 12mo vol. In 17a7 he became editor
of the Anti-Jacobin, a weekly paper, established by Mr.
Canning and otlier gentlemen. During the twelvemonth
of the e.Kistence of this paper, a difficulty with Dr. Wolcot
elicited from Uifford a poetical Epistle to Peter Pindar.
In 18112, 4to, he pub. a trans, of Juvenal, and in the ne.\t
year issued an E.tamination of the Strictures of the Criti-
cal Reviewers on this trans. ; a Supp. to the E.Namination
was pub. in 1S04. In 1S05, 4 vols. 8vo, appeared his ex-
cellent ed. of Massinger, and in 1S16 he gave to the world
an ed. of Ben Jonson, 9 vols. 8vo. His eds. of Ford and
Shirley, completed by other hands, were pub. after his death,
the first in 1S27, 2 vols. Svo, and the latter in ISoo, 6 vols.
Svo.
But it was as editor of the Quarterly Review, from its
commencemenl in ISO'J until 1824, that Mr. Gifford is best
knovvu to tlie world. Many interesting particulars con-
nected with the editor, and this famous periodical, will be
found in Lockhart's Life of Scott, Southey's Life and Cor-
respondence, and other literary memoirs connected with
the earlier years of the present century. He pub
trans, of Juvenal, 1802, an autobiographical narrative,
which is well worth perusal as an indication of what can
he accomplished by persevering industry. A list of the
authors of many of the contributions to the Quarterly oc-
curs in the Gent. Mag.:
1844, Pt. 1, 137-141, Writers in Vol,
1844, " 677-680, " "
1845, " 599-602, " "
1847, Pt. 2, 34- 37,
See also a paper on the originators of the Quarterly, in
Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 1, p. 246.
Giffurd's trans, of Juvenal has been pronounced to be
the " best poetical version of a classic in the English lan-
guage," wliilst Mr. Hazlitt declares it to be " the baldest,
and, in parts, the most offensive of all others."
It is well known that the reviewer displayed hut little
mercy to unfortunate authors whose works failed to secure
bis approbation.
" Ue «as a m.in with whom I had no literary sympathies; perhaps
there was nothinj; upon which we ajrreed except great political
questions. ... lie had a heart lull of Idudness lor all living crea-
tures except authors; (/itm he regarded as a fishmonger regards
eels, or as Isaac Walton did slugs, worms, and frogs. I always
protested agaiust the indulgence of that temper in his Review."—
Southrys Lift und Ctiritip. ^ j. ,, . n
'■>Ir. Gifford was originally bred to some handicraft; he after-
wards contrived to learn Latin, and was for some time an usher in
a school, till he became a tutor in a noVlemau's family. The low-
bred, self-taught man, the pedant, and the dependant on the great,
contribute to form the editor of the Quarterly Ueview Mr.
Gifford. as a satirist, is violent and abrupt, lie tidies obvious or
physical defects, and dwells upim them with much labour and
harshness of invective, but with ver) little wit or spirit. lie ex-
presses a great deal of anger and contempt, but you cannot tell
very well why— except that he seems to be sore and outof humour.
His satire is mere peevishness and spleen, or something worse —
person.ll antipathy and rancour. We are in quite as much pain
for the writer, as lor the abject of his resentment. ... As an editor
of old authors. Mr. Uifford is entitled to considerable praise for the
pains he has taken iu re\ isiug the text, and for some impi ovements
he has introduced into it. lie had better have spared the notes,
in which, though he has delected the blunders of pievious com-
mentators, he has expf scd his own ill-temper .ind narrowness of
feeling more. Asacritic, he has thrown no light on the character
and s'Jiirit of his authors. He has shown no strking power of
analysis, nor of original illustration, though he has chosen to ex-
ercise his pen on wiiters most congenial to his own turn of mind
from their dry and caustic wit: Massinger and Ben Jonson.
What he will malie of Marlowe, it is difficult to guess.
GIL
could he but have suppressed his rancours against those who had
preceded him in the task; hut a niiscoustruclion or misiuteipreta-
tioii, nay, the misplacing of a comma, was in Uillord's eyes a crime
worthy of the most severe .-inimadvcisidu. Tile same fault of ex-
treme severity went through his critical lat.ours. and iu general
he liagellated with so little pity, that people lost thiir sense of the
criminals guilt in dislike of the savage pleasure which ihe execu-
tioner seemed to take in intlicting the punishment, 'this lack of
temper probably arose from iudilTerent health, for he was very
valetudinary, and realized two verses, wheiein he says I'ortune
assigned him
" ■ One eye not over good,
Two sides that to their cost have stood
A ten years' hectic cough,
Aches, stitches, all the various ills
That swell the devilish doctor's bills,
And sweep poor mortals off.'
"But he might also justly claim, as his gift, the moral qualities
expressed in the next fine stanza —
" * A soul
That spurns the crowd's malign control, .
.\ firm contempt of wrong;
Spirits above affection's power.
And skill to soothe the lingering hour
With no inglorious song.'
"He was a little man. dumpled up together, and so ill-mado as
to SCI 1.1 nl^Lli^t .l.lnrnied. but with a singular expres.sion of talent
in iii-^ cnuiit.niao.e."— .Wr Walter .S'coH's Hunii. Jamiury 17, 1S27.
'■ W illiam laib.rd. the editor of the Quarterly Keview. seems to
have united in himself all the bad qualities of the criticism of his
time. He was fierce, dogmatic, bigoted, libellous, and un.sympa-
thi/.ing. W hatever may have been his talents, they were exqui-
sitely unfitted for his position— his literary judgments being con-
temptible, where any sense of beauty was required, and principally
with his I distinguished for malice and word-picking. The bitter and snarl
l.-xi.'i.
xxi.-xxxix.
xli.-lix.
Ixi.-lxxviii.
rng'spirit with which he commented on excellence he could not
appreciate; the extreme narrowness and shallowness of his taste;
the laboured blackguardism in which he was wont to indulge,
under the impres'i'U that it was satire; his detestable habit of
carrying his politi.-al hatreds into literary criticism; his gross per-
sonal athacks on Hunt. Hazlitt, and others, who might happen to
profess less illiberal principles than his own; made him a danger-
ous and disagreeable adversary, and one of the worst ciilics of
modern times. Through his position as the editor of an influential
journal, his enmity acquired an importance neither due to his ta-
lents nor his character."— E. P. Whipple: N. Amer. Hev., Ixi. 489-
490; 07)d in Itis tysat/s and Ifevitws.
ClilTorile, George. See (jYffahd.
Gihon, John II., M.D., Johu Soule, and James
Nisbet. Annals of San Francisco, X. Yolk, 1856, Svo.
'•This noble vtilume contains by far the most satisfactory his-
tor>'. not only of 8an Francisco, but of California, that we have
met with."
Gil. Sco Gilt,.
Gilbaiik, Joseph, Jr. Scrm., 1779, 4to.
Gilbaiik, W. Serins., poein, Ac, 177.3-1804.
Gilbtirt, James H'illiam, General Manager of the
London and Westminster Bank. 1. A Practical Treatise
on Banking, Lon., 1827, Svo; 6th ed., 1849, 2 vols. Svo.
The 6th ed., in 2 vols. 12mo, is now (Nov. 1855) in the
press. Reprinted, edited by J. Smith Homans of Boston,
N. York, 1861, Svo; Phila., 1864, Svo.
" The work in its present form [.5th ed.] is far more comprehen-
sive than any of the previous editions, and embraces a great va-
riety of topics of great interest to bankers." — Lmi. Bankei^n Mug.;
and' see N. Amer. Itev.. Ixxiii. 270.
2. Hist, and Principles of Banking, Lon., 1834, Svo; 2d
ed., 1835. 3. Banking in Ireland, 1S36, Svo. 4. Bank-
ing in America, 1837, Svo. 5. Causes of Pressure on the
Money Market, 1840, Svo. 6. LecL on the Hist, and Prin-
ciples of Ancient Commerce, 1847, p. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1853.
7. The Elements of Banking, 1862. 12ino; 2d ed., 1854,
12mo. 8. Logic for the Million, 4th ed., 1854, 12ino.
'• .Mr. Gilbart's works on Banking have attained a just celebrity."
— Lon. Ecotiomist.
Also highly commended by the Spectator, Atlas, &c.
Mr. McCulloch objects to Gilbart's partiality for joint-
stock banks, &c., but acknowledges — what indeed it would
I be fully to dispute — that his publications
"Contain much useful information, presented in a clear, com-
pendious form."— i//. nf Bid. Bun., q. v.
,.u„o„,. No American banker — no banker of any country, in-
Ile has I deed — should fail to carefully peruse and reperu.se the
none of ■ I he fiery quality' of the poet. '— WojlifCs .S/arit nj lite Arje.
"He was a man of extensive knowledge; was well acquainted
with classic and (dd Knglish lore; so learned, that he considered
all other people ignorant; so wise, that he was seldom pleased with
any thing; and. as he had not risen to much eminence in the
world, he thought no one else was worthy to rise. He almost
rivalled Jeffrey in wit. and he surpassed him in scorching sarcasm
and crucifying irony. Jeffrey wrote with a sort of levity which
indu ed men to doubt if he were sincere in his strictures : Gifford
wrote with an earnest fierceness which showed the delight which
he took in his calling."— AL1.AX Ctis.MS0B.\M : Bmg. and Crit. Hist,
of the Lit. of tlie lust Fifty Years.
"lie was a man of rare attainments and many e.xcellent quali-
ties His Juvenal is one of the best versions ever made of a
classical author, and his .satire of the Baviad and Mwviad squa-
bashed at one blow a set of coxcombs, who might have humbug-
ged the world long enough. As a commentator he was capital,
works of this intelligent member of the profession.
Gilbart, Thomas. Lectures on the Holy Bible,
with Notes, Dnhl.. 1820, Svo.
"A man ol rare genius .and profound learning."— Ch/iprcj. Mai;.
Gilbart, Thomas. See GiLiiKnT.
Gilbee, Earle, D.D. See Wilks, Matthew.
Gilbert, Mrs. Aune. 1. Hymns for Infant Minds.
2. Seven Blessings fur Little Children.
" It would really constitute a pcifect blessing, if little children
were early indjued with the sentiments so beautifully expi-essed
In this little work. It is worthy of the gifted authoress, whose
avocation of writing for little children we reckon to be one of the
highest and noblest." — .Sottish Covgrryational Moffazine.
3. The Convalescent, in 12 Letters, 1839, fp. Svo. New
ed., 1840.
GIL
could .varo-lv l^"BokeS '/^f.h'P"'-"'^ '° "^ ma.iner. and «ri,ii.h
of fhe C^nn', Vr "'^';' .^"P-'S- ='°'l H"='Id. Survey
r hPr,' ^'"".le- Theoloij. treatises. Lon.. 1657-S3.
ic5^ '■^''"**' ""■'ginollT named Giddv, 1767-
Sod<;,v"m,h'"A"p,'""'2"-'"'-''' ••"''' P^^identof the Royal
r.n!!- "^^ 1 " D '^',V ^'^"=">';ut of tl.e Bullion Quest on
(answered by Baufill and Rutherford) and edited Wm
Joi-dan s {trans, by John Keigwin) Creation of the World!
and some other Cornish productions. He contributed some
papers o,i Cornish topography, ic, to the -Antiquarian So-
f.^' •'!'' Vf /ys to the transactions of other bodies, Ac I
f„r .hfi" V "''T *""* ""Sht to be perpetuated in marble '
for he honour of mathematics. Such a forVhead I never ™'-_
Saulh,y,Lifia„da.rre.<p. See an interesMnj memoir of Drvies
andan account of his literary labours, in Lon. Gent. Ma^ Feb Tsw j
Gilbert, Eleazer. News from Poland of the Cruel
mf's™ •" '^'"'^^ "=•■''"" "'" P'-"'«-''a''ts. w,
Gilbert. E. W. Bills of Costs, Ac. in Cis of O R
Gi belt, FoUot. See FoLioT, Gilbert.
Gilbert, Sir Geoffrey or Jeffrav, IGrHT'e
Ch.et Baron of the E.«heqner in Ireland.'lTlo o^ 716
and ,n England 1725. left many valuable JISS.. mo' of
which were subsequently published. 1. Rep Ca<es in
vols in Ibmo, Dub 1,06; Lon.. 175S. 3. Hist, and Prac
of Chancery, 17oS. 4. Of tl.e Exchequer. 175S "59 Svo'
5. Rents, 17oS, Svo. 6. Cases in Law aniEquity Um'
?™; J- ^=^"™'ions. 1763, Svo. S. Devise. 4e 3d ed
,03. Svo. 9. Civil Actions in C. Picas, 3d d , iV/if it'
10 Ejectment., 2d ed., with addits. by C. Runniligton;
i ,' ''1°- ^l- Evidence, ic, 5th ed., by Lofft, 1791-96
4 vols. Svo. In addit. to the treatise on EWdence this
ed. contains Gilbert's abstract of Locke on the UndersVnd
in^, and also (pub. Lon., 1752. Svo) an argument on Ho:
m.cide, and an account of the .author; 6th ed. of the trea
s™ ""if l^'^"'"' .V- ^'=''s>vick, ISOI. Svo ; Phi a. IS ,5,
Sio. 12. Ises and Trusts. 3d ed bv F R «„„i„ r
ISn, Svo ,3. Distress and Repie4 4^h'ed' w' W j'
}^l^^:]f^h ^'"^ »• Tenures, 4tJi ed., by C Watkin.
fr'..; 1 ' **™- ^'"" opinions on the works of this
Com- Ke^Pfc''" T^","''^^ '" '^'■•'^'^•^ Com.; Ba
k" ; lY \^ ^"°'-' I^itler and Hargrave's Co Lit.-
Xincr's Abrdjit. ; Clarke's Rib T »„ i ■^'>:'> "-o. i,l^,
„ Yf „o .v o^- ' ^ ''•rive s liiD. -Leg., naesuti.
tisef ^t','''' ?"'• ^"'.''■"f "f'-^ious eds. of Jeffrav's trea-
tises. It ,s known that Bacon's Abridgment, as oHgiualry
pub. was pnnc.pally founded on Bnr.Tn Gilbert's JISS ^
of Q w !i ' %"ii»>^Pbrey, 1539-15S3, a half-bro"her
of S,r Walter Raleigh, a soldier and an en t;rprisin»^ navi-
gator was lost at sea on his return from IsLwrouSdhnd
EliT 'i"m '" '/?;'• '"^ '"""^ "°^-"«-'-™ ■» ">'= name of Queen'
Elizabeth. A Discourse of a Discouerie for a new Pas ,
sage ,0 Cathaia and the East Indies, Lon., 1576, 4to Re: I
printed in Hakluvts Voyat'cs '", »™. xve- ,
^See also Biog. Brit., Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl.
Gilbert, James, is well known as the author of a
lumber of vn iioi.io ,,....1-. „_ ,. , Jr .""'"or 01 a
GIL
number ol valuable works on Geography, Geology, Politi
cal tconomy, &c., pub. Lon., 1S3S-5]
Gilbert, John. Theolog. treatises, 16S6-1706
on^ Sam x'vf "1 "^^0"°^ "' ^'•-■^t'-'^^- ^^on. 1. Scrms.
Dis'C K24" ;-o; ^- ^^ ^''■"- ^"- '' "99, 4to. 3. Prac.
trans "?!'■«' i^f*''"' f:^'"'' ^'"^"'^ of ""-daff, 1740;
trans, to Salisbury, 174S; Archbishop of York 1757
Occas Serm.v.. 1724. '42. '43, '44, '45. '46 '
Gilbert, John. Serms., 1744, '46, Svo
His^'l^^'T"' ''"''"• Chronological Pictures of English
liistory, Lon., in parts. .""onou
and a work on the Christian Atonement, (Third Series of
. the Congregational Lectures,) Lon.. Svo 1S36 'i' %4
which has been highly commended. See Br l^h Critic'
X.X1. 450; and also a Biographical Sketch of Vr-iht'
by his widow, 1S53, rmS ' '^'' "' ^"^ l"'bert,
i rilheri' ?»«'»«"*«"•' Serm., Lon., 1S05, Svo
Gi bert, Uobert. Serms., Lon., 1756 '59
l|: .•;:,s,sr'',Jr=i>-"."-
Sv^ ?\- ' ^''^'- ■f'>""'»*- 1- The Poor. Lon 1775
sS t:^: ^■"^^=- '" «°"™- PMi^iptvofrge-tVN:
religious poem. ^ '* a
dsmU7,rlmos"o''p,nSl''rS---^^'?''„"P'™'t«'' -«•' 1*»^
?^^^s?]^S.---™p-^-?^'£i^*'wSS"X^i^
Gilmer!: rGi^^^S^f^'^lIfi^- . ,
great repuUition at home^ind a'/road bV hi^di.covfrTo'f
some 0 the properties of the loadstone. De Ma il
MSS. by Sir Wm Bo" vdl P>t ■ '"'• ' ''"''■ '■■"'" '''^
brated 'phMoso;:;.?" ^nt '-his'^ri rugtrj' Bio'^'V^h
! workt^\h:r<;n^r"- ^-''^■"•^ "'^'- -^ ^-- His
: jec'; Wo'-.^'iris'Hmi'ral iftSe n'l^^'t'i:"*^^" """™ <"■ •"••" -b-
subject; and mav not u. justh W sTfl''i'[r'''""" "" ""'^ •^^"'™"^
of .t- p;.!!?;\stf"^b,r4l';^'.'"iV■■';/r"''„'■^""'='' n'-™-
A„.cr andl'rovid^lceH/ai^'""'- -^'- ^^'^■"'"11 s Apok^i^ „/ (,„
^'^tfifariiT/ "!«''"''■"»' ^OA."-Lord Bacon's AUvanc^
S^p.X'^-^f^^l^Sir''''' "' ""^ I-Ostone."-
Skill ir/hU'isto^-^isfo^o';;'" '- p"""^"'^''-^-' «°<' --^"Ue
in tit^Bru""""'' ^'"'"""'' ''"'^ -"^^ -">°ri'-^ cited
Pjssa^of'^high cr^/^S^^L't„!^» -^i^-ta™
floJ;ilKl2it if Ifcii- J;Sl?i ^r-^"^'
' ^S^:i::^rin^^^^''^^^'^""^^'^^^'^"'-^tS
I :t'^^;« !v"^:p::rri-i:i:^-f?^Hnt a
appeared uLer the title :fL'aieaAnglican'a".'';rc°„m^
pendium totus Jledicinia;, Genev IfiOS lV„ 4 ,
CycfFrel'^l'll^^Uof'^Ph";:;;' '° "^ ^'S>a.u.; Rees'a
ph;i"ars!ii''£ftL'f;irTrf'LT„';"''""°'"'°^^°f'''-*™wa„
soiietimes.'iXrhrttn4its who;''°ch"f '" ""'" '""'''■'^;
methods recomu^'ode-db, the ancients ••'""'''''""' """ '"«=" '"«
'tii^ri:^i::;irr-;-r'^"'°- ^- -*^-^
•i/r^r^'Vn!^-pi^ri^;v"^"'"^^' ^''"- *'="=•' '^^^'
in Med. and Phts: Jout ls"oO ""' ^""^ '° '''"''""'''
GIL
"A book whifh will claim the interest of English readers long
beyond the uiere season and occasion of its appearauue."— ir«toi.
Ji'ev., Oct. ISoo.
Gilchrist, Ebenezer, M.D., 1707-1774, an eminent
physician of Dumfries, Scotland. 1. On tlie Use of Sea
Voyages in MeJicine, Lon., 1756, 8vo. Reprinted, 1771.
" The chiel object of this wmk is to recommend sea Toya"es in
cases of consumption." — Bii.W ^tt: JJihl. Br,'[, °
2. Nervous Fever; Ed. Med. Es.5., vols. iv. and v. He
recommends wine and opium. 3. Con. to Ess. Phys. and
Lit, vols. ii. and iii.
"Few physicians of the last century have been more successful
in the exercise of their profession, or have contributed more to the
improvement of the healing art." See Encyc. Urit.
Gilchrist, James. 1. Serm., Lon., 1812, Svo. 2. Lan-
guage, &c., 1814. Svo. 3. Rational Philosophy, 1815, Svo.
4. Philosophic Etymology; or. Rational Grammar, 1816
Gilchrist, James P. The Origin and History of
Ordeals, with Chronological Register of the principal Duels
since 17611, Lni,., 1S21, Svo. See S.ibine, Lorenzo.
Gilchrist, Johu. A Collection of ancient and modern
Scottish BalUads, Tales, and Songs; with E.fplan. Notes
and Observations, Edin., 1816, 2 vols. 12mo.
■•A sensible and judicious selection."— in,„„,A..,'sBiW.j)fan..
Gilchrist,JohiiBorth\vick,LL.D., I753-IS41,pnb.
many valuable works on the Hindostanee language, Ac ,
for a list of which see liil.l. BriL,and Lowndes's Bibl.Man!
Gilchrist, Octavius, 1779-1823, a native of Twick-
enham, educated at Magd.alen Coll., Ok(. 1. E.vam. of the
charges of Ben Jonson's enmity towards Shak.speare, 1808,
Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Ix.^i.-;. 53. 2. The Poems of
Richard Corbet. Bishop of Norwich, with Notes and Life
1808 Svo. See Lon. Gent, Mag., l.x.iviii. 1169. 3. Letter
to W. bifford on a late ed. of Ford's Plays, 1811, Svo. See
our article on Ford, John. Mr. Gilchrist projected (in 1S14)
a Select Collection of Old Plays, in 15 vols. Svo, but was
deterred from publication by the appearance of the peri-
odical series entitled Old Plays. An article of Gilchrist's
in the London Magazine elicited a warm controversy re-
specting the Life and Writings of Ale.tander Pope. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., sci. 291, 533; .\ciii. 278.
Gilchrist, Paul. Letter to Mr. Saunders on the Re-
volution in Russia, Ac, Lon., 1762, Svo.
Gilchrist, Peter. On the Hair, Lon., 1770, '87, Svo
Gildas, or Gilcliis, surnamcd the Wise, commences
the catalogue of Anglo-Sa.\on writers. He is said to have
flourished in the 6th century, but every thing concerning
him, and even the existence of such a person, is involved
m doubt and obscurity. We must refer the curious reader
to Wright s Biog. Brit. Lit., and the authorities there cited.
Iho work attributed to him with the most confidence is the
Epistola de excidio Britannia;, et castigatio ordinis eccle-
siastica ; first ed., Lon., 1525, Svo, and several eds. since
See authorities cited above. New ed., by Joseph Steven-
son, pub. by the Historical Society, Lon., 1838, Svo. Also
pub. a new trans, with the works of Nennius, by J A Giles
LL.D., 1841, Svo. '
"Gildas's work gives a superfici.al sketch of British history vn-
?it'mLl°T«°''/°''f.T"J' """^"'5 between the Britons and
the Plots and Scots and the Saxon invasions; and also an account
ol the vices of the kings, clergy, and laity of the time. This work
IS supposed to have been written about i D 6S1
n'll.^'-^""^ contains little information, even if it be authentic.
It IS written in aii luliated style, not much unlike that of Aldhelm
. . .there is no independent authority now existing which will
fnmrL'.r 'ss .'fa's historical truth of this tract, and we have no
information relating to its writer which merits the slightest degree
of credit." See Wright's liiog. Brit. Lit ==i.uet,co
Gilderdale, John. 1. Nat. Religion, Lorn, 1837, Svo
2. Hist, and ChronoL. 4to. 3. Family Prayers, 1838, 12mo.
Gilding, Elizabeth. Poems and Essays, 1776
Gildon, Charles, 1665-1723, a native of"Gillingham,
Dorsetshire, gained but little reputation as an author, and
still less as an actor, but Pope has embalmed him in the
Dunciad. In 1693 he pub., with an introduction, Charles
Blount s Oracles of Reason, and subsequently, in 1705 to
atone fur this publication, he gave to the world The Deist's
Manual For an account of these works see Leland's De-
istical V. Titers, and article Blount, Charles, in this
volume. He also pub. Miscell. Letters and Essays, 1694,
8vo; the Complete Art of Poetry, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo;—
see Halhwell s Shaksperiana, p. 20, No;!. 3, 6, and 6 •—
five unsuccessful plays, 1697-1703; a Comparison between
the two Stages, 1702, Svo; a Life of Betterton, 1710; a
New Rehearsal, 1714, Svo; some other publications.
.tt'.m,?rH°° "iT* '''<■'•?♦"'■'■• but a mean genius ; who, having
attemp ed several kinds of writing, never gained much reputation
in any. —Boytr's r,4tl„:al Slnlr. x.xvil 1IJ2
„,';°''bose disciples l^^'li „les Blount] the most noted wasa bad
w. Iter named Gildon, Ao lived to pester another generation with
dnggrel and slander, and whose memory is still presei-ved, not by
his own voluminous works, but by two or three lines in which his
GIL
stupidity .and venality have been contemptuously mentioned by
I'ope.'— jt/aciiH/u.v'.'! //ijJ. I./ £«(7., vol. iv., ISoli.
Mr. Maeaulay ably exposes the true character of Blount's
Oracles of Reason.
Giles. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1697.
Giles, Henry, b. Nov. l,181y,near(;orcy,co. of Wex-
ford, Ireland, one of the most popular of the many literary
lecturers who draw crowded audiences in the United States.
1. Lectures and Essays, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. 16mo.
"Those persons who have listened to the greater part of the
contents of these two volumes in the various lecture-rooms throU"h-
out the country, will probably be even more anxious to read them
than many wlio have only heard the name of the author. They
will revive in the reader the delightful wit. the clear mental attrac-
tion, and the high pleasure which they uniformly excited in their
delivery."
These lectures are also highly commended by Miss Mit-
ford: see her Recollections of a Literary Life. 2. Chris-
tian Thought on Life; in a series of Discourses, 2d ed.,
1S51, 16mo. 3. Illustrations of Genius in some of its rela-
tions to culture and society, 1854, 16mo.
Giles, Rev. J. A., LL.D., nuper Soeius C. C. C, Oxon.,
has written aud edited many valuable works, some of which
we notice. 1. English-Greek and Greek-English Lexicon,
new ed., 1S46, Svo.
'■ This is a worthy companion to Riddle's Latin Dictionary, con-
taining all the information neces.sary to a student— and, what is
ot eriual importance, no more. The author is generally successful
in developing the structure and composition of the Greek lan-
gu.ige; avoiding the quibbling derivations which disfigured the
older Lexicons, and especially that of Schrevelius : he points out
the genuine radicals so far as they can be discovered with certain-
ty."— Lon. AtliencEitm,
2. Scriptores Gra3ei Minores, 1840, 12mo. 3. Patres Eo-
elesire Anglicanaj, now first collected into one series, 35
vols. Svo, £9 9s. ; aud a sup. vol., 10s. 4. Hist, of the An-
cient Britons, 1847, 2 vols. Svo.
"A valuable addition to every historian's library."— Xon. ii(.
•• This is the most valuable work that has appeared of late years
on the History of the Ancient Britons. Nowhere else has the sub-
ject been treated so fully with strict regard to real history, and in
e.xclusion of all fabulous legends. Vol. II. consists of the original
Histories fi.mi which this work has been compiled, viz.: Excerpta
ex Scni.tnrilois lir. et Lat.; Gildas; Nennius; Excerpta ex Beda;
Kicar,los(i,es(reusisdeSitu Biitanniae; VitaGilda;. auctoreCara-
doco: MtaGiUta-. auctore Anonymo; Inscriptiones ex Nummis;
luscriptiouesex Lapidibus."
5. The Entire Works of the Venerable Bede, 1843-44,
12 vols. Svo. See our article on Bede.
" We trust that Dr. Giles will be encouraged to continue his ex-
ertions in thus diffusing a saund knowledge of mediiev.al divinity
and ecclesiastical history."— io». Quarterly Berir.w. Oct. 1844.
6. Hist, of the Town and Parish of Bampton, 2d ed.,
1848, Svo. 7. Lives of the Abbots of Weiemouth .and
Jarrow, Ac, 1845, Svo. 8. Life and Letters of Thomas
a Beckett, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. We are also indebted to Dr.
Giles for his new ed. of Thompson's Geofl'rey of M.mmouth,
(see our article on Geoffrey,) his labours on Zeuuius's
Terence, his manuals of Latin and English (Grammar,
English History, Ac; nor must we omit to make special
mention of one of the most valuable of his publications
The Life and Times of Alfred the Great, 2d ed., 1854, Svo. -
"The most valuable and authentic Lifeof Alfred the Great In-
cluded are Alfred's ^Vill, in Saxon, with translation ; the Treaty
between Alfred and Guthrum, in Saxon; Eulke's Letter to Alfred-
Alfred's Preface to Gregory's Pastoral Care, in Saxon, with a trans-
lation ; a Chronological Summary of Anglo-Saxon History, ic."
" Dr. Giles is in thorough possession of his materials and of his
intention, which produces the clearness that arises from mastery
and he exhibits the same general hmilmmmie and chronicler dispo-
sition for minute and picturesque narrative which we noted in his
Lite of Becket, with more of a critical spirit."— ion. Spectator.
Giles, John. The Pine Apple, Lon., 1767, Svo.
Giles, Joseph. Poems, revised and corrected, by
Wm. Shcnstoiie, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Giles, lUascall. Against Superstitious Jesu Worship,
Lon., 1642, 4to.
Giles, Wm. Defence of Dr. Sherlock's Preservative
against Popery, Lon., 16S8, 4to.
Giles, Wm. 1. On Marriage, Lon., 1771. 2. Poems.
1775, Svo.
Giles, Wm. Branch, d. 1830, Governor of Virginia,
1826-29, was for many years a member of the Congress of
the United States. He pub. Political Letters to the People
of Virginia, occasional letters, a speech, Ac, 1808-25.
GilfiUan, Rev. George, born 1813,at Comrie, Perth-
shire, Scotland, was educated at Glasgow Coll., and tit the
United Secession Hall of the United Presbyterian Church
In 1835 he was licensed to preach, and in the next year
was ordained to the Schoolwynd congregation, Dundee
where he still remains. About 1842 he was encourac'cc
by Mr. T. Aird, editor of the Dumfries Herald, to write
sketches of the principal characters of the day. These
669
GIL
QTL
ofT-liand portraits were well received, and in 1845 they were
published, with some others, as The GuUery of Literary
Piirtraits, 2d ed., 1851. In 1849 Mr. G. pub. his Second
Gallery of Literary Portraits; 2d ed., 1862; and in 1855
nj>peared the Third Series. In 1854 was pub., in 1 vol. p.
8vo, a new ed. of the 1st and 2d series; and vol. i. of the
last ed. of the work appeared in 1857. In 1850 ho gave to
the world The Bards of the Bible, 4th ed., 1856; in 1851
he pub. The Book of British Poesy, Ancicut and Modern ;
in 1832, The Martyrs, Heroes, and Bards of the Scottish
Covenant, 2d ed., 1854; in 1854. The Grand Discovery,
2d ed., 1856; in 1S56. History of a Man; and in 1867,
Christianity and our Era, He has also pub. a Discourse
on Hades, Five Discourses on the Abuse of Talent, &c.,
and edited Win. C. Bryant's Poems, with Notes and an
Introductory Essay, &c. He is now engaged in editing a
new and splendid Library Edition of the Popular Poets
and Poetry of Britain, with Biographical and Critical
Notes. The issue for the first year comprised — •
1, 2. Milton's Poetical Works. 3. Thomson's Seasons
and other Poems. 4. George Herbert's Poetical Works.
5. Young's Poetical Works. 6. The Poetical Works of
Goldsmith. Collins, &c. The issue for 1864 comprised, 7,
8. Cowper's Poetical Works. 9, 10. Butler's Poetical Works.
IL Shenstone's Poetical Works. 12. Beattie. Blair, and
Falconer's Poetical M'orks. This is by far the handsomest
edition of the British poets ever published, and we see not
huw it can be surpassed. A vol. is pub. every alternate
month, forming in the year 6 vols, averaging lioi) pp. each ;
annual subscription one guinea, or in French morocco, gilt
top, £1 11«. 6'L The scries is intended to include the fol-
lowing authors :
Wm. Drunmiond. Peter Pindar.
Falconer. Pope.
Fert^usou. Prior.
Gay. Francis Quarles.
Gifford. Allan Itanisay.
Goldsmith. ]!o;j:ers.
.James Grahame. Alexander Ross.
Gray. Scntt.
W. Hamilton. Shelley.
Genrpe Herbert. I^henstone.
Robert Ilerrick. Smollett.
Iln-^^. Spenser.
I)r. Johnson. Swift.
Ben Jonson. Tannahill.
Leyden. James Thomson.
Lojian. Waller.
Macphersone. Thomas Warton.
Milton. . "Watts.
Mrs. Opie. Klrke White.
Paniell. Kdward Young.
Di-. Percy. Etc.
As a critic Mr. Gilfillan has been warmly praised, and
not slightly censured. He possesses one of the most dan-
gerous of arts for any one who would achieve solid and last-
ing reputation, — that of great verbal facility, approaching
to conversational familiarity. He is sometimes happy in
his metaphors and apt in his allusions, but is more likely
to be extravagant in the one and grotesque in the other;
reminding us forcibly of the bombast and egotism so gene-
rally observable in the prevailing style of second-rate
American writers.
Mr. Giltillan is by no means devoid of talent; and it is
well worth his while, by a course of wholesome discipline of
his natural abilities, to correct the errors of a critical pen
which sometimes displays more passion than judgment
and more vigour of language than depth of thought.
A critic in the Dublin University Magazine, in a review
of Mr. GilfiUan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits, refer-
ring to the author's fondness for overstrained metaphor
and ambitious style, justly remarks that
" In all such habitual use of strong language a writer is throw-
ing away his wealth, and making his style in reality poor and
meagre. Words are lavished with profusion when they absolutely
represent nothing, and none but the man who has read through a
volume of words with the wish really to ascertain the amount of
instruction it gives, ran judge of the unutterable weariness pro-
duced by this careless habit of stating every thing in a temper of
exagy,eration. Simplicity of style is. however, seldom the distin-
guishing grace of a young writer's compositions."
We are happy to be able to add from the same articlej —
for it is more pleasant to quote praise than censure, —
"Mr. Giltillan's effort to make his readers acquainted with the
greatest men whom he has met on the highway of literature is no
doubt an ambitious one, and has on the whole been successfully
executed." — xxvii. G52-rif4.
The Bards of the Bible has elicited much rapturous com-
mendation— in which we were never able to coincide — and
severe censure, the justice of which we do not feel able to
disprove.
His piety warms our heart, but his style shocks our taste.
One of the most learned Orientalists of modern times, re-
670
Addison.
Akenside.
Kobert Blair.
Bloomfield.
Thomas Brown.
Bruce.
George Buchanan.
Burns.
Samuel Butler.
Byron.
Campbell.
Chatterton.
Chaucer.
Coleridge.
Collins.
Cotton.
Cowley.
Cowper.
Crab be.
Petihalm.
I>rvden.
cently deceased, makes graver objections to the work than
mere want of literary taste:
• -'• A pompous and gaudy style is exceedingly out of place when
it appears in books that treat of sacred things. We feel tbat the
subject is degraded. It is as if a painter were to attempt sketches
of Isaiah, and Paul, and John, and should put on them the cos-
tume of a Bond street or Broadway exquisite. We enter a solemn
protest against all such doings. God. Christ, eternity, heaven, hell,
and man's immortal spirit and welfare are things beyond rhapsody.
. . . 'the inconceivable majesty of such subjects should awe the
mind tbat contemplates them into the most grave, and sober, and
humble attitude. . . . There are some passages in it, and many sin-
gle expressions, which convey vivid ideas, and present pleasing
images. We concede to him fancy, imagination, and a very con-
siderable acquaintance with the sources of poetical imagery. But
these are not the only qual i!i cat ions that are needed to write in-
structively on Hebrew poetry. His book reminds us very strongly
of a passage in another poet and critic, somewhat different li'om
the author of the Bards of the Bible. It runs thus :
"* Inceptis gravibus plerunique et magna professis,
Purpureus, late qui sjileudeat, unus et alter
Assuitur jiannus.
Amphora ccepit
Institui; currente rota, cur urceus exit?
Denique. sit quodvis, simj^lex duntaxat et unum.*
"Yes, this precious simplex.' Of all the books on eaith, the Bible
exhibits it most. A comment on it, of any kind, which is spotted
throuizhout with 'purpurei panni qui late splendeanf seems to us
one of the greatest of all incongruities." — MoSES Stuart, lat': Prof,
of Sticrid Litrruture in the Ihtolog. ikminary of Andover. See N.
Amer. Kev., Jsxiii. 238-267.
; Whatever other charges Mr. GilfiUan's critics may bring
against him, he certainly cannot be accused of indolence,
as, ill acldition to his professional duties, he contributes to
no less than five or six periodicals. It is no slight com-
mendation— but one to which he may justly lay claim —
that a high moral purpose, a kindly spirit, and a hearty
appreciation of the good, the right, and the true, are pro-
minent characteristics of his writings. It will be seen,
from a glance at the accompanying tables of contents of
the -Galleries of Literary Portraits, that Mr. Gilfillan has
been by no means partial in his selection of subjects, but
has employed his pencil upon representatives of almost all
classes of opinion, both in church and state:
FIHST GALLERY OF LITEBAHY PORTRAITS.
CONTENTS.
Lord Jeffrey. Preachei'S of the Charles Lamb.
William Godwin. Pay. Ehenezer Elliott.
William Ilazlitt. Walter Savage Lan- Allan Cunningham
Robert Hall, dor. and the Itural
Percy Bysshe Shelley. Thomas Campbell. Poets.
Dr. Chalmers. L"rd Itrnu-'hitm. John Keats.
Thomas Carlyle. Sanuii-I T. t 'nk-ridge. T. B. Macaulay.
Thomas deQuincey. Ralph Waldo Emer- Thomas Aird.
John Foster. son. Kcibert .Southey.
Proffssur A\ilson, Wm. Wordsworth. John Gibson Lock-
Edw. Irving, and the Robert PoHok. hart.
SECOND GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS.
CONTENTS.
John Milton.
George Dawson.
William Anderson,
Lord Byron.
Alfred Tennyson.
Leigh Hunt.
George Crabbe.
Professor Nichol.
Thomas Moore.
John Foster.
Mi-s. Hemans.
Isaac Taylor.
Thomas Hood.
Mrs, E. B. Browning.
H. W. Longfellow.
Thomas B. Macaulay.
Mrs. Shelley.
Philip .Tas. Bailey.
Dr. George Croly.
William Cobbett.
John Sterling.
SirE.BulwerLytton.
James Montgomery.
Wm. Wordsworth.
Ralph Waldo Emer-
Sydney Smith.
John Buuyan.
TIIIRD GALI
ERY OF LITERARY
CONTENTS.
PORTRAITS.
AI"
h of French Revolutio
nists.
Mir.abeau.
Robespierre, and
Vergniaud.
Marat,
A Cot
Dan ton.
steHation of Sacred A
Napoleon.
ifhors.
Edward Irving.
Robert Uall.
Dr. Chalmers.
Isaac Taylor.
A Clitster of New Poets
Sydney Yendys.
J. Stanyan Bigg.
Gerald Massey.
Alexander Smith.
Modem Critics.
Hazlitt and Hallam.
Delta.
Thomas Babington
Jeffrey and Coleridge.
Thackeray.
MisoU'tneous SJ>etch€S
Macaulay.
Carlyle and Sterling.
Sir Edward Lytton
.SIschylus ; Prome-
Emerson.
Bulwer.
theus Bound and
Neale and Bunyan.
Benjamin Disraeli.
Unbound.
Kdmuud Burke.
Professor Wilson.
Shakspeare— A Lec-
Edgar A. I'ue.
Henry Rogers.
ture.
Gilfillan, Robert, a native of Dunfermline, a modern
poet of considerable reputation. For an account of this
bard, we must refer the reader to the Memoir attached to
the 4th ed. of his Poems and Songs, pub. in Edinburgh,
1851. 12mo. Reprinted, 1853. See bis K.Kile's Song, and
In the Days Langsyne. in Chambers'^Cye. of Eng. Lit.
'■The songs of Mr. Giltillan are nLirke^Dy gentle and kindly
feelings, and a smooth tlow of versification, which nL-iketi them
eminently suitable for being expressed in music." — Uln mpra.
GIL
Gilfillan, Rev. Samuel. 1. Discourses on the Holy
Spirit, Edin., 12mo. 2. Essay on the Sanctification of the
Lord's Dav, Sth ed., 18?,-, 18mo.
Gilkie", James. Every M.in his Own Procurator; or,
the Country Gentleman's Vnde-Mrciim, Edin., 1778, 12mo.
Gilks, Morton. Petrifiictions; Phil. Trans., 1740.
Gill. Selections from the Court Keports, originally
pub. in the Boston M. Post, 1S34-.37, Bost., 1S.37. 12mo.
"It cont.'iins some {rrapbic illustrations of the administration
and effect of the law, that may be perused with advantage." —
JUan-in's L<<j. Bilil.
Gill, Rev. Alexander, 1564-lfi.'55, a native of Lin-
colnshire, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., O.xf , head mas-
ter of St. Paul's School, 1608. 1. The Trinity, 1601, Svo.
2. Logonomia Anglioa Gramniaticalis, 1619, '21, 4to.
*■ This work contains as singular a propnsition for a vernacular
orthography as Tho. Campion's (Observations on the Art of Eng-
lish foesie) for poetry. The work is quoted by Dr. Johnson." —
Lowndfs^s Bthl. il<tn.
3. Sacred Philos. of Holy Scrip. ; or, a Comment, on the
Creed, 1635, fol. The treatise on the Trinity is repub. at
the end of this work.
" Esteemed by most persons to be a learned man, a noted Latin-
ist, critic, and divine, and also to have such an excellent way
of training up youth, that none in his time went beyond hiin.
"Whence 'twas, that many noted persons in church and state did
esteem it the greatest of their happiness that they had been edu-
cated under him." — Allien, Oxou.
See also Knight's Life of Colet.
Gill, Alexander, D.D., 1597-1642, son and successor
of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., O.vf. became
head master of St. Paul's School in 1635. Whilst usher
of St. Paul's he had charge of the education of John Mil-
ton, who was his favourite scholar, and by whom he was
greatly beloved. Three of the great poet's familiar letters
to him in Latin, still extant, are " replete with the strongest
testimonies of esteetn and friendship. Milton also pays
him high compliments on the excellence of his Latin
poetry."
Most of his Latin poetry was pub. in a vol. entitled
Poetici Conatus, 1632, 12mo, and Wood enumerates some
other productions of his, printed, and in MS. He was for
some time usher under the famous Thomas Farnaby. See
Athen. Oxon.; Knight's Life of Colet; Warton's Milton;
Letters by Eminent Persons, 1S13, 3 vols. Svo.
Gill, Jeremiah. Reform in H. Commons, 1785.
Gill, John, D.D., 1697-1771, a Baptist divine of great
learning, a native of Kettering, Northamptonshire, received
his early education at the Grammar School of his native
town, but may be said to be self-educated, as he left school
whilst yet very young. He was a preacher, first at Higham-
Ferrers, then at Kettering, and in 1719 became pastor of
the Baptist congregation at Horselydown, Southwark,
where he continued for fifty-one years. Whilst yet a mere
boy, he was so fond of frequenting the bookstores that it
became a current expression, " Such a thing is as sure as
John Gill is in the bookseller's shop." We need not there-
fore be surprised that he became an excellent Latinist,
Grecian, and Orientalist. He wrote many works, some of
the principal of which we proceed to notice.
1. Exposition of Solomon's Song, 1728, fol.; 1751, '68,
4to ; 1805, 2 vols. Svo. In the later eds. the Targum is
left out. This exposition, which differs from the one con-
tained in his Comment, on the Bible, comprises the sub-
Btance of 122 discourses delivered from the puli>it.
" A minute detail on the allegorical sense, and a spiritual im-
provement.''— Dr. E. \Villi.\ms.
'■ It is hi.shly allegorical in its interpretation.'' — Hfirne's Bihl. Bib.
2. Prophecies resp. the Messiah, fulfilled in Jesus, 1728.
In answer to Collins's Scheme of Literal Prophecy con-
sidered. 3. The Cause of God and Truth, being an Ex-
amination of the several Passages of Scripture made use
of by the Arrainians. In four parts, 1735-38, 4 vols. Svo;
1755, 4 vols. Svo; 1772, '75, 4to; 1816, 2 vols. Svo; 1838,
Svo. This is an answer to Dr. Whitby's Discourse on the
Five Points.
'• If vou read Wbitby on the Five Points, read Dr. Gill's reply.
. . . It is the fullest answer to Whitby. ... In Part IV. of this Work,
Dr. Gill goes through the testimonies of the Fathers before Augus-
tine, to give passages that support Calvinistic views." — Bickersteth.
" It is an elalxirate work, and may be considered a very able
defence of Calvinism." — ll'/.s-rtH's Dissrnlinff Churches.
4. Exposition of the New Testament, 1746-47-13, 3 vols,
fol. 5. Exposition of the Old Testament, 1748-63, 6 vols.
New ed. of both Testaments, with a Memoir by Dr. Rip-
pon, and a portrait, 1816, 9 vols. 4to. Pub. at £12 12s.;
large paper, £16 16s. Still worth about £12 to £13, in
good binding. Vol. i. of a new ed. of the Exiios. of the
0. and N. Tests, was pub. by Aylott of London in 1852, r.
Svo, and a new ed. of his Exposition of the Old Test, was
pub. by CoUingridge in 1854, 6 vols. r. Svo, £3 1S«.
GIL
*'Tbe author always keeps sipht of his creed. ... He was a very
learned and good man; but has often spiritualized his text to
absurdity." — 1>R. Adam Clahke.
''It abounds with rabbinical and theoloijical information: but,
though upon the wh'ileavery valuable work, it is often prolix and
tautoloftifal. and sometimes injudii-ious." — Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
" It is prized as an invaluable mine of knowledge by judicious
Christians of every denomination."' — Wilson.
*' He moves through his exposition like a man in lead, and over-
■whelms the inspired writer with dull lucubrations and rabbinical
lumber. lie is an ultra-Calvinist in his doctrinal sentiments. . . .
If the reader be inclined for a trial of his strength and patience,
he may procure the burden of Dr. (iill. lie was, after all. a man
of undoubted learning, and of prodigious labour."— Onus's Bihl.
Bib.
'• In rabbinical literature Dr. Gill had no equal, and he has hence
been enabled to illustrate many important passages of Scripture.
... An occasional leference to this learned work is all, perhaps,
that can be recommended." — Home's Bill. Brit.
"Valuable for rabbinical learning; a variety of meaning* sug-
gested: Calvinistic in sentiment." — Biclerskth's C. S.
6. Dissert, on the Antiq. of the Hebrew Language, Let-
ters, Vowel-points, and Accents, 1767, Svo.
"This is also a laboured exposition and defence of the doctrines
of the Massorets." — Omii's Bihl. Bib.
7. A Body of Doctrinal and Practical Divinity, 1769-70,
3 vols. 4to. Several eds. New ed., 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
"Gill was a very learned and pious man; but his notions of
moral obligations were not correct; which led him to some pe'-u-
liarities of sentiment respecting grace being the obliging as well
as the efficient cause of evangelical duty, and which disposed him,
in arguing with Arminians. too often to cut the knot of difficulty,
instead of solving it, and to deal in round assertions with slender
arguments." — Wi/lioms's C. P.
S. Serms. and Tracts, several of which were never before
printed. To which are prefixed Memoirs of tlie Lite,
Writings, and Character of the Author. 177:^ 2 vols. 4to.
"If any man can be supposed to have trod the whole circle of
human leiirning, it was Dr. (iill. M'hile true religion and sound
learning have a single friend in the British empire, the works and
name of Gill will be precious and revered. . . . With a solidity of
judgment and with an acuteness of discernment peculiar to few,
j he exhausted, as it were, the very soul and substance of most
j arguments he undertook." — Toplady.
I Gill pub. several treatises upon Baptism, and many occa-
i sional serms. See the Life prefixed to his Serms. and
Tracts, No. 7 above, and Steunet's Funeral f?erm. A new
ed. of bis E.xpos. of Solomon's Song was puh. in 1S54-, r.
Svo ; a new ed. of his sermons, in 3 vols. Svo. has appeared ;
and Rippnn's Memoirs of his Life and Writings has been
pub. separately in 12mo.
Gill, Joseph. Law, &c. rel. to Insolvents, Lon., 1S36.
Gill, R. \V,, and J. Johnson, Cases in Ct. of Ap-
peals of Maryland. 1829-41. Bait., 1829-45, 12 vols. Svo.
Gill, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 17S7.
Gill, Thomas. Trial of George Manners for Libels,
in the Satirist, on the Character of Wm. ILiUett, 1S12, Svo.
Gillan, R. Abridg. of the Acts Genl. Assembly of
Ch. of Scot., Edin.. 1S21, Svo.
Gillane, John, d. 1735, consecrated a bishop in the
Episcopal Ch. of Scot, 1727: Bishop of Dunblane, 1731.
1. Remarks upon Sir Jas. Dalryniple's Hist. Collec, Edin.,
1714, Svo. See Dalrtmple, Sir James. 2, Life of Rev.
John Sage, 1714, Svo.
Gillespie. Narrative of the most remarkable Events
of tho Life of K. William III. Also a revised History of
the Siege of Londonderry, Deiry, 1823, 8vo. See Mr.
Macaulay's graphic account of the horrors of this siege,
in his History of England, vol. iii., just pub., (1856.)
Gillespie, Major Alex. 1. Hist. Review of the
Royal Marine Corps. Lon., 1S03. 4to. 2. Gleanings, A'c.
at Buenos Ayres, ISIS, Svo. A memoir of Maj. Gillespie
has been pub.
Gillespie, George, d. 1648, one of the four Com-
missioners from the Ch. of Scot, to the Westminster As-
sembly in 1643. 1. Dispute against the English Ptpish
Ceremonies obtruded upon the Ch. of Scut., 1637, '60, 4to.
2. Dialogue between a Civilian and a Divine cone, the Ch.
of Eng., 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. Recrimination charged upon
Mr. Goodwin, 1644, 4to. Anon. 4. Serm., 1644. 4to.
5. True Resolution, &c., 1645, 4to. 6. Mr. Colman's Piece,
Ac, 1645, 4to. 7. Serm., 1645, 4to. 8. Wholesome Se-
verity, &.C,, 1645, 4to. Anon. 9. Aaron's Rod Blossoming,
1646, 4to. New ed., 1843, Svo.
"One of the chief works on the government of the Church of
&cot\iiud."—Bickerb-tttn's C. S.
10. Male Audis., 1646, 4to. 11. Treat, of MisceU. Ques-
tions, 1649, 4to.
** This is a practical and controversial book, but contains a con-
siderable portion of learned discussion respecting the meaning of
I the Scriptures." — Orme^s Bibl. Bib.
I 12. The Ark of the Testament Opened, 2 vols. 4to : vol.
i., 1661 ; vol. ii., 1677. 13. Notes of Debates and Proceed-
ings of the Westminster Assembly, <fec., with Life by Kev.
I Dr. Uetherington, 1846, r. Svo. Gillespie's treatises have
671
GIL
GIL
recently been repub. ; a collective ed. of bis Theolog.
AVorks, 1844-46, 2 vols. r. Svo ; Serms., &c., 1S44, r. 8vo.
Tbe Dispute against English Popi:?h Ceremonies obtruded
on the Ch. of Scot, can be had separately. For an account
of his Life, we refer the reader to Dr. Hetherington's Me-
moir, noticed above.
*' A man of very considerable talents, who supported the cha-
racter of his country^ and the cause of presbytery, with fsrvAt
ability and zeal, duriui; tbe stormy period of the civil wars." —
Ormk: nbi svpra.
Gillespie, James, D.D., Principal of St. Mary's Coll.,
Univ. of Aberdeen. Serms. from the Author's MSS., pub.
by George Hill, D.D., Lon., 1796, Svo.
" Such of us as saw the vigour of his days, remember the delight
with which we hung upon his lips; the grace of his elocution;
the interestiog, devotional, pathetic style of his discourses." — I>B.
George Hill.
Gillespie, Leonard, M.D. Profess, publications,
Lon.. 1798, 1800, Svo.
Gillespie, Kev. Thomas, of the Presbytery of
"Relief." d. 1774. Treat, on Temptation, Edin., 1774,
12nio. New cd.
Gillet>pie, Thomas. The Seasons Contemplated in
the Spirit of the Gospel, Lon., 1S22, 12nio.
Gillespie, W. 1. The Necessary Existence of God.
New ed.. Eilin., 1834, 8vo. 2. China and tbe Chinese
Missions, with Hi;?t. of Revolution, Lf)n., 1854, 12nio.
Gillespie, Rev. William. 1. The Progress of Re-
finement, and other Poems, Edin., 1805. *07. fp. Svo. 2. Con-
solation; with other Poems. Lon. and Edin., 1815, Svo.
Gillespie, >V lUiam iViilchell, LL.D., b. 181S, inN,
York. grad. at Columbia Coll., 1834; Pruf. of Civil Engineer-
ing in Union Coll. since 1845. 1. Rome as seen by a New
Yorker, 1843-44, N. York, 1845, 12mo, pp. 216.
*' A good title to a good book. The endeavour tn convey Rome
only by those impressions whjr-h would natui-ally be made upon
an American, liivesihe work a certain air of ori^jinality ; — the rarest
of all qualities in descriptions of the Eternal City. The style is
pure and sparkling, although occ:isionaIIy flippant and diletan-
tesijue. The tone of remark is much in the usual way — sdrm hs
regies — never very exceptionable, and never very profound." —
Edgar A. I'Oe's Literati,
2. Roads and Railroads; a Manual for Road-making,
1S45 ; 7th ed., 1854, 8vo, pp. 372.
" If the well-established principles of Road-making which are so
plainly set forth in Professor Gillespie's valuable work, and so well
illustrated, could be at once put into general use in this country,
every traveller would bear testimony to the fact that the author
is a great public benefactor." — SiUi)7tan''s Amer. Jour. <>/ Science.
" It is, in all respects, the best work on this subject with which
I am acquainted; being from its arrangement, comprehensiveness,
and clearness, equally adapted to the wants of Students of Civil
Engineering, and the purposes of persons in any way engaged in
the construction or supervision of roads." — Professor Mahan, of
the Military Aojdemy.
3. Phibisophy of Mathematics, from the French of
Auguste Comte, 1851, Svo, pp. 260.
"Tbe classification given of the Sciences at large, and their
regular order of development, is uniiuestionaldy a master-piece of
scientitic thinking, as ample as it is comprehensive." — MoreU's
Spfculatii^c Philosophy of Europe.
4. The Principles and Practice of Land Surveying, 1855,
Svo. pp. 420; 6th ed., 1858.
" This really capital work ie worth more than all the purely theo-
retical works upon the same Eubject that were ever published."—
Simthern Litttnry Frviciv.
"What Monge did for descriptive geometry, Gillespie has done
for surveying: he has reduced and consolidated into an harmonious
and eystematii: whole the heterogeneous details of a principle-less
practice."
Gillespy, Rev. K. Criminal Laws, Lon., 1793, Svo.
Gillet, K. 1. The Pleasures of Reason ; or. the Hun-
dred Thoughts of a Sensible Young Lady. In English
and French, Lon,, 1796, sm. 12mo. 2. Moral Philos.,
1799. 12mo.
Gillett, J. T, His Trial and his Address to the Public,
Lon.. 1796, Svo.
Gillette, Abram Dunn, b. 1S09, Cambridge, N.
York, Pastor of Calvary Church, N. Y. City. 1. History
of the Eleventh Baptist Church, Philadelphia. 2. Memoir
of Rev. Daniel Holbrook Gillette. 3. Pastor's Last Gift.
Edited Social Hymns, and Minutes of Philadelphia Baptist
Association from 1707 to 1807. He has contributed largely
to various journals.
Gillies, John, D.D., 1712-1796, minister of the New
College Churoh, Glasgow, 1742-96. 1. Historical Collec-
tions of the Success of the Gospel, Ac, Glasg., 1754, 2 vols.
Svo. Supp., 1761. 12mo. A Second Supp. was pub. by
Br. Erskinc in 1796. New ed. of the whole, with a Pref.
and Continuation by the Rev. H. Bonar. Kelso, 1845, r. Svo.
"A very interesting book, and well deserving of attention from
the lover of Christianity and of Church history.'— t>?-??j(-'s Bihl. Bib.
"A very profitable book for a minister." — Bickersteth's C. iS".
2. Devotional Exercises on the New Test., Lon., 1796,
672 J > }
Svo; 2d ed., with a Memoir of tbe Author by W. Nicol,
D.D., ISIO, 2 vols. Svo. The first ed. has not the text.
• The work corresponds most fiiithfully with its title, and seema
to reflect in every page the piety and high devotion.il spirit of the
author. Such a work may beavery important companion to many
of the dry and more critical volumes recommended in this Biblio-
theca." — Orme's BibL Brit.
" Beautiful and striking, though undesigned, pictures of bis
pious and benevolent heart." — Da. Erskine.
".Much calculated to raise the heart to communion with God,
through the word." — Bickersleth\<i C S.
" A most valuable book for those who read fanuly devotion, every
important fact, doctrine, or precept, being made the ground and
matter of prayer; and that in such a style as to he an excellent
model of devotinn.'' — Lon. Evan. Mag.
3. Life of Rev. Geo. Whitefieid, Ac, 1772, Svo; 181.3.
His Life is the 7th vol. of Whitefield's Works, in 7 vols.,
1771, Svo. 4. Essay on the Prophecies relating to the
Messiah, Edin., 1773, Svo. 5. Miltou's Paradise Lost,
Illustrated with texts of Scripture, Lon., 17SS, 12mo.
Gillies, John, LL.D., 1747-1836, a native of Brechin,
Forfar, Scotland, educated at tbe University of Glasgow,
was for some time a travelling tutor to the sons of the Earl
of Hopetoun, and, upon the death of Dr. Robertson, was
appointed historiographer to the King of Scotland.
1. Trans, of the Orations of Isocrates, and those of Ly-
sias, &c., Lon., 1778, Svo. 2. Hist, of Ancient Greece, its
Colonies, and Conquests, 1786, 2 vols. 4to ; Dubl., 1786, 3
vols. Svo; Lon., 17S7, 4 vols. Svo: Basil, 1790, 5 vols. Svo j
1792,4vols. Svo; Lon., 1809, 4 vols. Svo ; 1S20, 8 vols. Svo.
"This work enters less into critical and recondite details than I
that of Mr. Mitford, though sufficiently accurate and comprehen-
sive for all historical purposes; and is, in style of composition,
decidedly superior to it. It has been translated into the German
and French lantjuages." — Samuel Warren.
Another authority thus compares the histories of Gillies
and Mitford:
•These are works of considerable merit; the former is the most
learned, the latter tbe most popular; the furmer is abrupt in the
style, tbe latter is more fluent ; by the perusal of the one the render
is more amused than instructed, by the study of the other he is
more instructed than amused." — Dr. Carpenter.
3. Trans, of Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, comprising
his Practical Philosophy, .fee, 1786-97, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed.,
1804, 2 vols. Svo. Supp. to the Analysis of Aristotle's
Spec. Works. 1804, 4to; 3d ed., 1813. 2 vols. Svo.
*■ Aristotle's treatise on politics is the most valuable work on that
branch of philosophy that has descended to us from antii^uity.
The version given of it in this work is sufficiently close to make
the reader actjuainted with all that is really valuable in the ori-
ginnl." — McCuUoch's Lit. of PoUt. Ecmi.
'■ It was the earliest effort of antiijuity to establish a system of
political philosophy. His politics displayed his profound sagacity,
and it is admitted that Cicero, Machiavel, Montesquieu, liacon, and
other statesmen, were largely indebted to Aristotle for the most
solid of their speculations." — Chancellor Kent.
4. A view of the Reign of Frederic IL of Prussia, &.C.,
1789, Svo.
'■ The work of Dr. Gillies I can in no respect admire. There ap-
pear some good observations about the king's military genius, and
there are some incidents mentioned of a general nature, which I
do not observe in other P^nglish works. On the whole, I can re-
commend it to the student only when he wishes to learn what tan
be said in the praise or defence of Frederic. Gillies appears to me
only a warm panegyrist, and on this occasion neither a historian
nor a philosopher."— P/v/. Smyth's Lcct. on Mod. Hist.
5. The Hist, of the World from the Reign of Alexander
to Augustus, 1807-10, 2 vols. 4to.
'* It does not appear to present such a luminous and masterly
view of the very interesting period which it embraces, as would
have been given by JMr. Gibbon or Dr. Robertson; but it exhibits
proofs of learned research, and may, upon the whole, we think, be
read with pleasure and advantage. It deserves no praise on the
score of style, which is commonly diffuse and overcharged; and
often vulgar and slovenlv."— -EV/t'n. Bev., xi. 40-61.
6. Trans, of Aristotle's Rhetoric, 1S23, Svo. The his-
torical works of Dr. Gillies may still be consulted by the
student with advantage, but should be fnllowed by a care-
ful perusal of the results of more recent investigations.
Gillie.s, Robert Pieree, one of Blackwood's early
contributors, the " Kemperhausen" of the Noctes Ambro-
siAN,E, the originator and first editor of the Foreign Quar-
terly Review, the author of Varia, Childe Alariqne,( Poems ;)
Recollections of Sir Walter Scott, 1827; Sir Henry Lon-
gueville, (a Novel.) Ac; and translator of German litera-
ture, has told his own story in the Memoirs of a Literary
Veteran, Lon., 1S51, 3 vols*, p. Svo, to which we refer the
reader.
" Mr.Gillies has this advantage over many collectors of similar
reminiscences, that he was not only an author among authors, but
that his social position in early life gave him access to the best cir-
cles. Scott. Wordsworth. Campbell, the Ettrick 8hepherd, Kogers,
Oalt, Maginn, Ilaydon, and many more names of interest, figure
frequently in his pages."
'•Mr. Robert Pierce Gillies is a gentleman of the Scotch bar,
favourably known bv translations from the German." — Wm. U.
Pbescott; iV. Aincr. Bev., xlvi. 434, April, 183S.
GIL
GIL
Gxlliland, Thomas. 1. Dramatic Synopsis, Lon.,
1S04, Svo. 2. Elbow lloom, 1804, Svo. 3. Dramatic Mir-
ror; containiDg the Hist, of tbo iStnge from the earliest
period to the present time; inchidin>^ a. Biog. and Crit.
account of all the Dramatic "Writers Irum 10(55 to the pre-
sent time; and also a Hist, of the Country Theatres in
England. Ireland, and Scotland, Lon., 1S07, 2 vols. 12mo.
"This history of Ihe sta^e and account < if dramatic writers is of
little ^ .tlue," — L'/wTuks^s Bibl. Man.
Gillin^, Isaac. Serms.. 1704, 'OS, '19, all Svo.
GiUiiigwatcr, Edmuucl. 1. ParUh Workhouses,
Lon., 17:StJ. Svo. 2. Ilist. Acct. of Lowestoft, 1790. 4to.
3. Hist, and Duscrip. Acct. of St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk,
St. Edm., 181)4. 12mo; 1811, Svo.
GiUiss, Lieut. J. M., U. S. Navy, distinguished for
his scientific acquirements, and especially for astronomical
erudition. The U. »S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to
the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1S49, *60, '51,
'52. Lieut. J. M. GiUiss, Superintendent; Lieut. Archibald
Macrae, Acting Master S. L. Phelps, Capt.'s Clerk E. R.
Smith, Assistants. Vol. L Chile: its Geography, Climate,
Earthquakes, Government, Social Cnndition, Mineral and
Agricultural Resources, Commerce, etc. etc. Vol. IL The
Andes, Minerals, Animals, Plants, and Fossils ; Phila., 1856,
2 vols. 4to, pp. 566 and .3(J0. Dee])ly interesting, and most
valuable contributions to our knowledge of this portion of
the American Continent.
Gillniaii, James. Dissert, on the Bite of a Rabid
Animal, Lon., 1812. Svo. This essay received a prize from
the Roy. Cull, of Surg.
Gilimau, John, D.D. Scnr., 1721, Svo.
Gillmau, Webster. Poll for Kent,(tc.,1796,lS02.Svo.
Gillmor, C, Vicar of Dartford. 1. Reply to Mr.
Baptist W. Noel's Essay against the Union of Church and
State, 1S49, ISmo; 2 eds.
" The reply should everywhere tread upon the heels of the Es-
say." — Nonconform ht.
*'It is a most al-le and di5;pas>;ionnte refutation of the many
reasons brought forward by Mi-. .Noel." — Bnth Herald.
2. Israel in the Ascendant, 2d ed., 1853. Svo.
Gillon, Joseph. 1. Erskine's (John) Institute of the
Law of Scotland, 1805, fol. 2. Erskine's (John) Principles
of the Law of Scotland, 1809, Svo.
GiHou, Thomas. Catholic Principles of Allegiance
illustrated. Lon., 1S07, Svo.
Gillray, James, d. 1S15, a celebrated ciiricaturist,
exerted no small influence ou the politics of his day. Sets
of his original plates, all engraved by himself between
1799 and 1810, had become extremely rare — indeed a com-
plete set could not be procured at any price — when Mr.
Henry Bohn. in 1849, repub. an ed. in one large atlas fob,
for the trifling price of £8 8s. To this vol. should be
added the descriptive vol. of letter-press, by Thomas
Wright and R.H.Evans, 1850. 8vo. Some years before
the appearance of Bohn's ed., Mr. Maclean pub. one at the
price of twenty-five guineas, in two thin vols. This ed. is
now rare. Its contents, with additional subjects, will be
found in Mr. Bohn's ed.
Gillson, Edward. 1, Lectures on the Second Ad-
vent, Lon., 1S45, ]2mo; 1S47.
*' Four ysceilent discourses. . . . The sulject is handled through-
out ill a practical way.'' — AchiR. Mks. Herald.
2. The Relapsed Demoniac. 3. Parting Token: Ten
concluding Sernis., 1854, fp. Svo.
GilUim, K., M.D. Letter to Dr. Mill, 1803.
Gillum, Mm., d. 1797. 1. Misceli. Poems, and a
Farce called What will the World say? Lon., 1787, Svo.
2. The present AVar with France, 1794, Svo.
Gilly, Sarah. Receipts, Lon., 1602, Svo.
" With a portrait of S. Gilly, by W. Faithorue, (after Lely.) This
portrait was atterwards altered to Hannah Woo\ky. "—Lowiides's
Bibl. Man.
Gilly, W. O, S. Shipwrecks of the Roval Navy,
1793-1819, Lon., 1850, p. Svo; 1S51.
Gilly, \Vm. Stephen, D.D., Canon of Durham, and
Vicar of Norham, d. 1855. 1. The Spirit of the Gospel,
1818, 8vo.
"This volume is a valuable addition to the divinity treasuj-y :
its lan3:uage and comments are matured; but it rarely has ipse
dixit opiuious." — AntiJncohin Rrv., Xo. 245.
2. Excursions to the Mountains of Piedmont, and Re-
searches among the Vaudois,1824,4to; 1825, Svo; lS26,Svo.
"One of the most interesting volumes that has lately appeared."'
— Lnn. Quar. Ri'v., x.xxiii, 134-176.
All who are interested in the Wablenses should read both
this and the following volumes — Nus. 3, 5, and 7 — and the
review from which we have just quoted.
3. Second Visit; or, Waldcusian Researches, 1831. Svo.
'• Exceedingly intt^resting, and th^ more so as all the details are
given from actvuU ob3erv.ition." — Lon. A(?ien<Eum.
4a
4. Horje Catecheticce, 1828, Svo.
"An esteemed vfcrk."~L<»rn'U::i's lint. Lib.
6. Valdenses, Valdo, and VIgilantius; being the articles
under these heads in the l?eveuth Ed. Encyc. Brit., 1841,
p. Svo.
'• An eloquent account, fram personal observation, of that small
comniuoity of Protestants, who, in the secluded valleys of the
Cotti;m Alps, have for many centuries maintained the purity of
their faith and worship, and kept up the vestal fire of their moun-
tain church, in the midst of privations and persecutions not yet
estinpuished." — Lon. Quarterly Hevicw.
6. The Peasantry of the Border; an Appeal in their
Behalf, 1842, Svo.
"Give them good cottages, and help them to educate their
children."
Of this excellent work a second ed., enlarged, has ap-
peared, with plans, estimates, Ac.
7. Vigilantius and his Times, 1844, Svo.
*' The history of this reformer and his controversy with Jei-ome
have b.'en recently subje<fed to an elaborate examination by the
Kev. Tir. Gilly in his learned and instructive work, Vit;i]antius and
his Tiuies, which the student ou;;lit by all means to consult in
order to obtain a clear idea of the deplorable sfat« of religion in the
earlypartof this(the5th)centurv."— Dr. J. SeatonKeid, £(/i7oro/
8. Roraaunt Version of the Gospel according to vSt. John.
1848, Svo.
Gilmau, Mr.s. Caroline, a daughter of the late
Samuel Howard of Boston, wa;> born in that city, October
8, 1794. At the e:irly age of 16. she wrote a poem entitled
Jcphthah"? Ra.-h Vow, which wns succeeded by another
poetical eliusi. n, Jainis's Daughter, which was pub. in
The North An eriean Review. In 1S19 she was married
to Samuel Gilnian. D.D., wlio. shortly after this event, be-
came pastor of the Unitariau Church in Charleston, South
Camlina, which office he retained until his death, in 1858.
In 1832 Mrs. Gilman commenced editing The Rosebud, a
hebdomadal, perhaps the first juvenile newspaper pub. in
the United States.
" From this periodical I h.ave reprinted, at various times, the
following volumes: — Recollections ola New Enj;land Housekeeper;
Kecollections of a Southern Matron; Kuth Kajmoiid; or. Love's
Projiress; Poetry of Travelling in the United States; Tales and
Ballads; Verses of a Life- Time; Letters of l-^liza Wilkinson during
tbi- Inva-sion of Chaileston. Also seveial volumes for youth, now
collected in one, and recently published as Mrs. Gilman's GL1-
Book." See Mrs. Hales Records of Women, N. Y., 1853, r. Svo.
To this list must be added Oracles for Youth, 1854;
Oracles from the Poets; and Sibyl; or, New Oracles from
the Poets, 1554.
Mrs. (Oilman is best known by the Recollections of a
New England Housekeeper, and Recollections of a Southern
Matron, of both of which there have been many editions.
'■ Her works will long be valued for the spirit and fidelity with
whi.h she has painted rural and domestic lil'e in the northern and
in the southern states. Her Recollections of a New England
Housekeeper and Recollections of a Southern Matron are equally
happy, and both show habits of minute observation, skill in cha-
racter-writing, and an artist-like power of grouping. They are
also pervaded by a genial tone, and a true love of nature and
good sense. . . . The poems of Mrs. Gil-'^in abound in e.xpressions
of wise, womanly feeling, and are frefjuenUy marked by a graceful
elegance of manner."' — Griswold's Female I'otls of America.
See Glovkii, Mrs. Caroline H.
Gilmau, Charles. Decisions Sup. Cts. of Indiana
and Illinois, and Cir. Ct. U. S. for 7th Cir., Columbus,
1844, Svo.
Gilmau, Samuel, D.D., b. 1701, in Gloucester,
Massachusetts; entered Hnrvard College in 18li7, in the
same class with N. L. Frothingham and Edward Everett
lie graduated in ISll, and was, from 1817 to 1819, tutor
in his college. In 1819 he was married to Miss Caroline
How.ard, (see Gilman, Mrs. Caroline,) and removed to
Charleston, South Carolina, where he remained until his
death in 185S, as pastor of the Unitarian Church of that
city. Dr. Gilman contributed many valuable papers to tho
North American Review on the Lectures of Dr. Thomas
Brown, a trans, of several of the satires of Boileau, Ac,
and pub. other essays upon various subjects in the Boston
Christian Examiner, the London Monthh- Repository, &c.,
together with discourses, biographies, essays, and transla-
tions, which exhibit a wide range of knowledge and are
"all executed with taste and scholarship." His Memoirs
of a New England Choir, of which there have been three
eds., has been greatly admired for the lone of humorous
vivacity and graphic descriptivcness which distinguishes it
He pub., in 1852, the Pleasures and Pains of a Student's
Life, and, in 1856, a vol. entitled Contributions to Litera-
ture, Critical, Humorous, Biographical, Philosophical, and
Poetical. Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., July, LSofi, 271, by
A, P. Peabody, D.D. Of his poems. The History of the
Ray of Light, and his Poem read before the Phi Beta Kappa
Society of Harvard College, are among the best-knowa,
673
GIL
A review of some of Dr. Gihuan's sermons will be found in j
the Boston Christian Disoiiile. iv. 33. See an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. (jilman in the Monthly Eoli-
gious Magazine, Boston, April, 1S58. Also Dr. Burnap's
Funeral Discourse.
Gilmer, W. Cases Deoiiled in Ct, Appeals of Vir-
ginia, 1K20 to 1821, Richmontl, 1S21, 8vo.
Gilmour, Sir John, of Craigmill.ir. Decisions of
the Lords of Council and Session from July, 1661, to July.
1666, Edin., 1701, 4to.
Gilmour, Capt. Robt. 1. Lnthalre: a Romance,
181.=i. Svo. 2. The Battle of Waterloo ; a Poem, ISlfi, 8vo.
Gilpin, Bernara, 1317-1SS:5, the "Apostle of the
North," a native of Westmoreland, educated at and Fel-
low of Queen's Coll., Oxf , became Vicar of Norton, Dur-
ham, 1552, and subsequently Rector of Huughton-le-
Spring. He refused the bishopric of Carlisle and the
provostship of Queen's College. He embraced the prin-
ciples of the Reformation with great ardour, and no man
of his day was more famous for abundant labours, un-
quenchable zeal, and holiness of life. 1. A Godly Serm.,
1581. Also, aiiie aiiMi. 1. Serm., 16.'j0, 4to. Ills Life
was written by Bishop Carleton, 1628, Ac. — see Words-
worth's Eccl. Biog., iv. 367 : an article by Southey in the
Quar. Rev., xxxi.x. 375 ; and his Life by his descendant. Rev.
Wm. Gilpin, 1753. New ed., with Introduc. Essay by the
Rev. Edward Irving. 1824, 12mo: 1830, l2mo ; 1854, Svo.
"Thus died Bernitrd Gilpin, wlio, for his exemplary piety, labo-
rious virtue, and unbounded beuevolenco, desenes to have his
name transmitted to posterity with respect and i-everence, and
who obtained — and most deservedly — among his contemporaries the
title of the Northern Apostle."
Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of Warmington, Warwick-
shire. Accession Serm. on Judges xvii. 6, 1717, Svo.
Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of St. Andrew, Hertford.
Anthologia Sacra. Lon., 1832, Svo.
Gilpin, Edw. Skialetheia; or, A Shadow of Truth
in Certain Epigrams and Satyres, Lon., 1508, 16mo.
Gilpin, George, brother of Bernard, Privy-Counsellor
of Queen Elizabeth, and her ambassador at the Hague,
negotiated Treaty of 1596. between her. Henry IV. of
France, and the Dutch Republic ; trans, from the Dutch
Alegambe's satire against P<tpery, entitled The Bee Hiue
of the Romishe Churche, Lon., 1580, '98, 16mo.
Gilpin, George, Secretary of the Royal Society. Con.
(ui Nat. Philo,s. to PhU. Trans., 17'J4, 1806, and Nic. Jour.,
1807.
Gilpin, Gilbert. Con. on Machines to Nic. Jour.,
1806. '08.
Gilpin, Henry. Massacre of the Bards, and other
Poems. Luu., 1830, 12mo.
Gilpin, Henry D., a lawyer of Philadelphia, noted for
his attainments in the Greek and Latin classics, b. in 1801 ;
graduated in the University of Pennsylvania, 1819 ; Attor-
ney of the U.S. for Pennsylvania, 1832 ; Solicitor of the
Treasury of the United States, 1837; Attorney-General of
the United States, 1840; now President of the Pennsyl-
vania Academy of the ]?ine Arts, Vice-President of the
Historical Society, and Director of Girard College. 1. Re-
ports of Cases Dist. Ct. U.S. for East. Dist. Penna. 1S28-
?,6, Phila., 1837, Svo.
*' Judge Hopkinson's decisions occupy the greater part of the
volume, and are very able and excellent expositions of Admiralty
Law. 'The Reporter has given clear and concise statements of the
fai-ts in each case, and the book enjoys, in all respects, a high
reputation." — Marvin's Leg, Bihl. See IS Amer. Jur., 521.
2. Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the U.S. from
the beginning of the Govt, to 1841 : taken from Official
Documents transmitted to Congress, AVash., 1841, 2 vols. Svo.
" The work is an interesting one, and every way a fitting monu-
ment t« the reputation of the distinguished men who have suc-
cessively filled the Attorney-Generalship of the United States." —
1 Pa. Law J., 264.
To Mr. Gilpin we are also indebted for the supervision
of the publication, by authority of Congress, of The Papers
of .J.aiues Madison, vols, i., ii., iii., pp. 580, xxii. ; 662 ; 382,
ccxlvi., 1840, Svo. These papers were purchased from
Mrs. Madison by the Govt, of the United States for thirty
thousand dollars. See a review of their character, by
Charles Francis Adams, in N. Amer. Rev., liii. 41.
Mr. Gilpin edited and wrote many articles in prose and
verse in the Atlantic Souvenir, the firstliterary annual pub.
GIL
of Livingston, Wright, Forsyth. Poinsett, and other states-
roen, now deceased, with whom he was associated. Nume-
roijs addresses and speeches of his have been printed, deli-
vered on public occasions or before societies connected with
literature, science, and the Fine Arts.
Gilpin, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1787, Svo.
Gilpin, John, of Kendal, Eng. The Quakers Shaken,
Lon., 1653, 4to.
Gilpin, Joseph. Epidemic Fever at Gibr.a!tar in the
years 1804. 'Id, '13 ; :\Iedico-Chirurg. Trans., v. 333, 1S14.
Gilpin, Joshua, Vicar of Wrockwardine. Sermons
and Tlicol. Tieat,,17S5-lS17. Life of St. Paul, ISOB. Mo-
nument of Parental Affection, 1812.
Gilpin, Joshua, Phila. Memoir on a Canal from the
Chesapeake to the Delaware, 1821, Svo. Verses written at
the Fountain of Vaucluse, 1799, Svo. Farm of Virgil, and
other Poems, 1830. 12mo.
Gilpin, Kand. Liturgica Sacra, Carmine, 1657, Svo.
Gilpin, Richard, 1625-1 699, graduated M.D. at
Leydcn : studied divinity, and was Rector of Graystock
in Cumb. ; resigned it from non-compliance with the Act
of Uniformity. Di.sputatio Medicade Hysterica Passione.
The Temple' Rebuilt, Lon., 1658. Sermons, Lon., 1700.
Demonologia Sacra; or, A Treatise of Satan's Tempta-
tions. In three parts, Lon., 1677, 4to.
" If ever there was a man that was clearly .tcquainted with the
cabinet councils of hell, this author is the man." — Rijland's Cotton
Matlier.
'* An excellent work ; shows the snares of our great enemy, and
is full of Christian experif nee." — Bichcrslftli's C. A'.
Gilpin, Richard. ,Serm., Lon., 1700, 4to.
Gilpin, Rev, Thomas, The Odes of Auacreon, in
English Prose. Lon.. 1807. 12mo; 1808.
Gilpin, Thomas, Phila., original member of the
Amor. Phil. Society, 1769. Con. to its Transactions, vol. i.
339, ii. 2:'.6.
Gilpin, Thomas. Exiles in Virginia: Observations
and Official Documents rcl. to Friends during the Ameri-
can Revolution, 1S4S, Svo. On Representation of Minori-
ties, 1844. Svo. On Organic Remains Connected with an
Ancient Tropical Region. 1843, Svo.
Gilpin, William, 1724-1804, Vicar of Boldre, in the
New Forest, and Preb. of Salisbury, was the author of
many valuable theological and other works, some of which
we notice. He left the profits of his publications for tlio
endowment of a school or schools at Boldre. He was an
accomplished artist, as his illustrations to his vols, abun-
dantly prove. His brother Snwrey, a professional artist,
contributed etchings of cattle to William's picturesque
works. 1. Life of Bernard (Jilpin, Lon., 1753, Svo. 2 Of
Latimer, 1755, Svo. 3. Of Wickliff, &c., 1765, Svo. 4. Of
Cranmer, 1784, Svo. 5. Of the Reformers, 1809, 2 vols. Svo.
6. Lect. on the Catechism of the Ch. of Eng., 1779, 2 vols.
12mo.
■• This book greatly merits the attention of young persons. —
Bishop Watson.
7. Expos, of the N. Test., 1790, 4to ; 2d ed., 1 1 93, 2 vols.
Svo. Other eds.
"A justly-admired and ably-executed work.' —Home s BiU. Bit>.
See lliit. Ciit., 0. S., iv. 122.
8. Dialogues on the Amusements of the Clergy, 1797,
12mo.
" Written under the assumed name of Dr. Frampton, hut really,
as 1 believe, by the late Rev. William Gilpin, Vicar of Boldre. m
the New I'orest. A olergvnian may derive from it, I am per-
suaded, many valuable bints with respect to his amusements,
and he will be amply repaid for the perus.al by the neatness and
entertaining character of the composition, as well as by the
general correctness of its sentiments."— £/<. Manfs Ckrgymalis
ObUnatimis, p. 338. . , -v,
** Sound arguments ag.ainst many that are indefensible, and a
pleading for those less objectionable."— i)!c/.frs/c//rs C. S.
9. Serms. preached to a Country Congregation. Vol. i.,
1799; 3d ed., 1802; vol ii., 2d ed., ISOl ; vol. iii., 1S03;
vol. iv., 1805.
" We strongly recommend these discourses to the frequent
perusal and tli'e careful imitation of the young clergy, espe-
cially those who reside in the country. "—-Dr. Aikin's Annml
Eevicw. n, /-, ,
10. We class under one head a series of Mr. 6. s works
generally sold together, the first issued of which. Forest
Scenery, was pub. (first ed.) in 1791, 2 vols. Svo. Works
on the Picturesque in Landscape Scenery and Gardening,
in America, Phila., 1826-32. He is also the author of many ' comprising Observations and Artistical Remarks on the
articles, literary and political, in the American Quarterly Picturesque Beauty of various Parts of England, ^J"'^''
Review and the Democratic Review, and some in the North and Scotland, in a Series of Tours and Essays, 1808, &c.
American Review. A Large number of the Biographies of 1. Northern Tour, 2 vols. 2. Southern Tour, 1 vol.
theSignersof the Declaration of Indeiiendenco were written 3. Western Tour, 1 vol. 4. Eastern Tour, 1 vol. 5. Scot-
by him: and the .second edition of that colkcti..n was on- 1 tish Tour, 2 vols. 6. River Wye, Ac, 1 vol. 7. iorest
tirely revised, enlarged with much fresh original matter, | Scenery, Ac, 2 vols. S. Five Essays: on 1 icturesque
and edited by him. He has published biographical notices i Beauty, Travel, Landscape, Drawings, 1 vol. 9. 1 rints
674
GIL
GIS
and Early Engravers, 1 vol. Together, 12 vols. 8vo,
1808, &c., with 187 aquatiuta engravings. Pub. at £10
10s. Now (1856) worth about £3 10«. to £4 10»., accord-
ing to condition.
"A gentleman by whose pen and whose pencil I have been
almost t'liually tlt.'li^hted, and who, with an originality that alwaya
accompanies true genius, may be considered as having opened a
new source of enjoyment in surveying the works of nature." —
Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature.
"All these works [Gilpin's Tours] display a deep and sincere
judgment, and are written in a style approi)riate to the subject
and worthy of the matter." — St^vensori's Voyages and T)-avelx.
"Gilpin has described, in several justly-esteemed tours, the
Picturesque Beauties of Great Britain. All his volumes arc ac-
companied by engravings in aqnatint, executed by liimself with
the tiiste and feelings of a painter. He has in some measure cre-
ated a new kind of tour, which has found bail imitators every-
where. All his works abound with ingenious n-tlections, proper
to enrich the theory of the arts and to guide thf practice of them."
— liiograp/iif- l~inre-r.<plle,.
Gilpiu, William, d. 1848, Rector of Pulverbatch,
1806, son of the preceding, and his successor as master of
the school at Cheam, Surrey, Serms., illustrative and
practical, Lon., 1820, 8vo.
Gilpin, William Sawrey, d. 1S43, aged 81, land-
scape-gardener, sou of Sawrey Gilpin, arti?t of the Royal
Academy, and cousin to the subject of the preceding
notice. Practicnl Hints upon Landscape Gardening, Lon.,
1832, r. 8vo; 1835.
"A very interesting work. Mr. Gilpin's well-known labours,
and their effect in advancin;^ and refining the portion of our home
enjoyments connected with the garden, render it unnecessary for
us to say more than that this volume contains graplii'- enibL-llish-
ments which at once adorn the work and illustrate its instruc-
tions."— Lon, Literary Gazette.
Gilpin's terms were five guineas a day and travelling
expenses paid.
Gilroy, C. G. Art of Weaving by Hand and by
Power; 2d ed., Manches., 1853, r. Svo.
'* We have s«ldom or never seen a more elaborate work upon
anv department of the art. It is a curious and extraordiuaay
hoo\i:'—Belfad Times.
Gilson, David, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark.
1. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, Lon., 1/88, Svo. 2, 3, 4. Oc-
cas. Serms., 1793, '94, ISOO. 5. Serms. on Prac. Subjects,
with IMemoir.
" Contains many beautiful and impressive passages, much solid
argument, and a great deal of useful and edifying instruction.'' —
Vi'le Life.
Gipps, George. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to.
Gipps, Henry, Vicar of St. Peter's, Hereford. 1.
Treat, on the First Resurrection, &c., Lon., 1831, 12mo.
*'An elaborate work, written against the millenarian view of
Scripture." — Low7}des's Brit. Lib.
2. Serms. and Sketches of Serms., with Remarks upon
his Pulpit Ministry, by the Rev. J. H. Latrobe, 1S33, Svo.
'■These sermons of the Evangelical school are composed in a
plain and homely, but sometimes energetic style, and with an
earnest sincerity, sometimes harshness, of tone." — Brit. Cnt., 18-34.
" A volume nf evangelical sermoDS, by one of the most eminent
and devoted ministers of the Establishment." — London Congrega-
tional Magazine.
Gipps, Thomas. Serm., Ac., 1683, '99.
Giraltlus Cambrensis. See Barry, Girald.
Girdler, J. S. 1. Forestalling, Regrating. and In-
grossing, &c., Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. High Price of Pro-
visions, 1800.
Girdleston, Rev. J. L. 1. New Version of Pindar,
Lon. and Norw., 1810, 4to. 2. Facts tending to prove
that General Lee was Junius, Lon., 1813, Svo. See Junius.
Girdlestone, Charles, Rural Dean, Rector of Kings-
wiuford. Staffordshire. 1. New Test., with a Comment.,
Lon., 1S32-35, 4 pts. Svo ; 2 vols. New ed., 1850, 2 vols. Svo.
*' These labours are an honour to Mr. Girdlestone, and a service
to the Christian world." — Brit. Critic. ^
2. Old Test., with a Comment., 1836-38, pts. 1 to 3, Svo.
New ed., 1850, 4 vols. Svo.
" Two most valuable pr.ictical expositions of the Old and New
Testaments." — ITorne's Bibl. Bib.
We cite also the following commendation of Mr. Girdle-
stone's Commentaries on the Old and New Testaments :
'•All controversial doctrines, all abstruse theories, and all
learned discussions are carefully avoided, while the capacities and
wants of an ordinary domestic circle are kept steadily in view." —
L^m. C/iris. Bemem.
Mr. G. has also pub. several series of serms., Ac., and
edited, in conjunction with the Rev. Wm. A. Osborne, an
expurgated and annotated edition of the Greek and Latin
classics, adapted to the use of young persons; pub. by
Messrs. Longman & Co., of London.
Girdlestone, Thomas, M.D., 1758-1822, a native
of Holt, Norfolk, practised for 36 years at Yarmouth.
1. Diabetes, Tarm., 1799, Svo. 2. Odes of Anncreon, in
English verse, Lon., 1S03, cr. Svoj 3d ed., 1806.
Girdlestone, Rev. Wm. Observ. on Daniel and
on part of the Revelations of St. John, with an Append,
on the 24th chap, of St. Matt., Ac. Oxf.. 1820, Svo.
Girle, S. Serms., 1790. 1803, *05. all Svo.
Girrard, J. Lect. on Education, Eson., 1757. 12mo.
Girtin, James. Seventy-five Portraits of Celebrated
Painters, from authentic Originals, Lon., 1817, 4to.
Girtin, Thomas. Views in Paris, Lon., 1803, ob-
long ful.
Girton, Daniel. The Complete Pigeon-Fancier,
Lon., 1779, 12mo.
"A very judicious compilation." — Lonmdes's Bibl. Man.
Girvan, Alex. Reginald Selwyn; or, Lights and
Shades of Literary Life, 1S25, Svo.
" We can recommend this book to the perusal of all who can
appreciate lift-like portraiture." — L<ni. M. Herald.
Girvin, John, 1734-1804. Exportation of Kock
Salt. Ac, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Gisborne, John. The Vales of Wever; a loco-de-
scriptive Poem, Lon., 1797, 4to; 2d ed., 1851, 12mo. A
Memoir of J. G., with Extracts from his Diary, was pub.
in 1852, p. Svo.
Gisborne, L. The Isthmus of Darien in 1852 : Jour-
nal of E.\pe<lition of Inquiry, Lon., 1853, p. Svo.
Gisborne, Thomas, 175S-1S46, a native of Derby,
entered Harrow School, 1773; St. John's Coll., Camb.,
1776; ordained deacon, 1781; priest, 17S2,- Perpetual Cu-
rate of Barton-under-Ncedwood, Staffordshire, 17S3; re-
sided at Yoshall Lodge, near Barton, 1783-1S46 ; Preb. of
Durham, 1826. A biographical notice of Mr. G., with a
list of his works, will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag. for
June, 1846. His principal works are — 1. Principles of
Moral Philosophy, Lon., 1789, Svo; 4th ed., with Remarks
rel. to Slave Trade, (pub. 1792.) 179S.
"A well-u-iitteu work, containing many judicious obsei*va-
tions." — Loivndes's Bibl. Man.
2. An Enquiry into the Duties of Men in the Higher
Rank and Middle Classes of Society in G. Brit., 1794, 4to ;
1795, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Walks in a Forest j or, Poems, Ac,
1794, 4to; 1797, Svo; 7th ed., 12mo.
"Gisbome's Poems have a title to particular note, as possessing
just claims to original description. That entitled Walks in .i
Forest is a peculiarly attractive work, not deficient in pathetic
incident or digressional decoration." — Dr. Draee.
4. Duties of the Female Sex, 1797, Svo; 14th ed., 1847,
24mo. 5. Familiar Survey of the Chris. Relig. and Hist.,
1797, Svo ; 8th ed., 1840, fp. Svo.
"It is a plain but judicious and useful work. The first division
gives the history of the Old and New Testament; the second ex-
plains the leading doctrines of our reIi';ion; and the third con-
veys the history of Christianity from its origin to the present
time." — Lovmde.'i's Brit. Lib.
6. Poems, 1798, Svo; 3d ed,, 12mo. 7. Serms., vol. i.,
5th ed., 1809; vol. ii., 4th ed., 1806. On Christian Mo-
rality, 2d ed., 1810, Svo. (He also pub. several occasional
serms.) His serms. are considered "a model for young
students of divinity."
"The heart must be cold which is not moved by them, nor
should we admire the head which was impenetrable to their argu-
ments."— Brit. Critic.
" We have read these sermons with so much satisfaction, that
were it in our power to aid their circulation by any testimony of
our approbation, we should be almost at a loss for terms suffi-
ciently strong and emphatic." — Rev. Robert Hall.
"Mr. Gisborne's style is clear and nervous, his piety dignified
and elevated, and his zeal tempered with mildness and candour.
These exrellencics render his sermons a model for young students
of divinity. esp<'fiaUy those who may have to address congrega-
tions of the higher i^lass." — Lon. Chris. Observer.
8. Serms. (8) on St. Paul's Epistle to the Colossiana,
1816, 12mo.
"A practical exposition of an important epistle. It embodies an
evangelical spirit, and affords some excellent illustiations both of
the doctrine and general influence of the gospel." — (hmc's Btbl.Bib.
"A very useful little work." — Horw'ft Bibl. Bib.
See an analysis of it in the Lon. Chris. Observer for 1816,
vol. XV., pp. 525-534.
9. The Testimony of Natural Theology to Christianity,
1818, 12mo.
'• Some additional illustrations to Taley." — Bickersfeth-s C. S.
10. Considerations on the modern theories of Geology,
and their consistency or inconsistency with the Scriptures,
1837, Svo.
11. An Enquiry respecting Love as one of the Divine
Attributes, 183S, fp. Svo.
*'A series of writings on moral and theological subjects, calm,
rational, intelligent, and impressive, contribute to place Gisborne
in the number of the best Christians, if not of the best writers, of
the age." — Lon. Qit/ir. Bev.
"All valuable. They are characterized throughout by sound
principles, an elegant diction, a benevolent and devout spirit." —
Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"The moral writings of Mr. Gisborne are well known. and have
been long liighly prized." — Ormc's Bibl. Bib.
676
GIS
Gisborne, Thomas, of Yoxhall Lod;je, Staffordshire.
X. Letter to Rev. H. Phillpots, D.D., Lou.. 1S27, 8vo.
2. Essays on Agriculture : I. Cattle ami Sheep. II. Agri-
cultural Draiuage. III. Ancient Agricultural Literature.
rV. High Farming. Lon., 1S5.3, p. 8vu. These essays ap-
peared originally in the Lon. Quar. Rev.
'■ These essays are very creditable, and sliow the author to have
taken much more than an amatt-ur view of the subjcL-ts, and to
have trathered a knowled^ie very far beyond the station ot litt;
which he occupied. . . . The subjt-cts are well understood and very
sensiblv discussed." — Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Gisborne, Wni., D.D. Inquiry into the Principles
of National Order. Ac. 1798. ISOU, 8vo. Prefixed are two
tracts written by Edward, Earl of Clarendon, on War and
Peace.
Gittiiis, or Gittings, Dan. 1. Serm., 1744, 8vo.
2. Serin., Lon., 1755, 8vo. 3. Remarks on the Tenets and
Prineii.les of the Quakers as contained in the Theses Theo-
lugicie of Robert Barclay, 1758, 8vo.
Gladstone, J. Leiter to the Earl of Clancarty on
the linpoitatiun of Wnul from the U. States, Lon., 1814.
Gladstone, Rt. Hon. Mm. Ewart, b. at Liverpool,
Dec. 29, 1809, the youngest son of v^ir Jitbn Gladstone,
was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxf. ; entered
Parliament as member for Newark. 18^2; represented
Oxford University since 1847; Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, 1851. Mr. G. has also held several other important
public stations. 1. The State in its Relations with the
Church, Lon., 1S3S, 8vo; 4th ed., 1841, 2 vols.
" If Mr. Gladstone were an ordinary character, we should be in-
clined to spfak strongly of the sinRular vij^our. depth of tlinuijht.
and eloquence, wliirh he has displayed in his essay. Hut he is
evidently notan ordinary character; thoujih it is to be hoped tliat
many others are now forming themselves in the same school with
him to act hereafter on the same principles." — Lon. Quar. Rev.,
Ixv. 97-153.
"We certainly cannot wish that Mr. Gladstone's doctiines may
become fashionable with public men. But we heartily wish that
his laudable desire to penetrate beneath the surface of questions,
and to arrive, by long and intense meditalioo. at the knowledge
of great general laws, were much more fashionable than we at all
expect it to become."— T. B. Macaulay : J^in. Kev., Ixix. 231-2S0.
Also see lirit. Critii-, xxvi. 355.
2. Church Principles considered in their Results, 1840,
12mo.
Of the two preceding works Mr. Bickerstcth remarks:
" Useful thoughts, but with Tractarian tendencies."' — Christian
Student.
3. Inaugural Address at the Collegiate Institution, Liver-
pool, 1843, 8vo. 4. Remarks on Recent Commercial Legis-
lation, 1845, 8vo. 5. Manual of Family Prayers from the
Liturgy, 1845, ]2mo. 6. Two Letters to the Earl of Aber-
deen on the state prosecutions of the Neapolitan Govern-
ment, 11th e<l., 1851, 12mo, pp. 48. 7. An Examination
of the Official Reply of the Neapolitan Government, 1852,
8vo, pp. 52. Copies of Mr. Gladstone's celebrated Letters
— a protest against the cruelties of the Government of
Naples, founded upon the writer's personal visits to the
prisons, Ac. of that country — have been sent by the British
Government to the court of every European state. Those
who have been interested in Mr. (xladstoue's correspondence
upon ecclesiastical matters with the Chev.alier Bunsen,
should read the work of the latter, entitled Constitution
of the Church of the Future: a Practical Explanation of
the Corresp. with the Rt. Hun. Wm. E. Gladstone on the
German Church, Episcopacy, and Jerusalem. With a
Preface, Notes, and the Complete Correspondence Trans.,
1847, p. 8vo. See Cottrell, C. H.
*' A volume which is destined to produce a very strong sensation
in the religious world. The King of Trussia has just given his
kingdom an important constitutional change; but it can bear no
comparison with the more extensive and momentous views enter-
tained by his Minister in regard to the Church and the future of
Christianity." — Lnn. Lil. 6'u^. Sec MmtE, CoL. Wiluam, M.P.
Gladwin, Francis. Ayeen Akery; or. the Institutes
of the Emperor Akbar. From the Persian, Lon., 1777,
4to; Calcut., 1783-86, 3 vols. 4to. Best ed. Reprinted,
Lon., 1800. 2 vols. 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man,
" A description of the whole Indian Empire."
"Perhaps no book in the Kepublic of Letters contains so much
information in so small a space." — Clarke.
Gladwin also pub. a Hist, of Hindostan, Calcut, 1788,
4to, translations from the Persian, and works upon the
philology of this language, Ac, 1788-1800.
Glandore, Earl of. Speech, Dubl., 1799, 8vo,
Glanius. 1. Voy. to Bengala, Lou., 1GS2, 8vo, 2. New
Voy. to the E. Indies.
Glauvil, Bartholomew. See Bartholom^us An-
GLICUS.
Glanvil, Sir John, d. 1661, King's Sergeant, and
Fpeaker of Parliament, a son of John Glanvil of Tavis-
tock, Reports of Cases of Controverted Elections. Pub.
GLA
by John Topbam, Lon., 1775, 8vo. This volume contains
maijh valuable information on the troublesome question of
eontroverted elections. See Prince's Worthies of Devon;
Atben. Oxon. ; Lloyd's Memoirs.
Glanvil, John, 1664-1735, grandson of the preceding,
a native of Broiid llintou. Poems, Lon., 1725, 8vo. He
made the first English trans, of Fontenelle's Plurality of
Worbhs.
Glanvil, or Glanvill, Joseph, 1636-1680, a native
of Plymouth, entered Exeter Coll., Oxf., 1652; Rector of
the Abbey-church, Bath, 1606; Prcb. of Worcester, 1678.
He was a man of learning and genius, a zealous member
of the lloyal Society, a warm opponent of the Aristoteleian
philosophy, and a firm believer in witchcraft. Ho pub. a
number of scrms,, philosophical treatises, Ac, of which the
following are the principal:— 1. The Vanity of Dogmatiz-
ing, Lon., 1661, 8vo and 12mo; 1662, 8vo. With addits.,
and entitled Scepsis Scientifiea; or, Confest Ignorance tho
way to Science. 1665, 4to.
- The whole work is strongly marked with the features of an
acute, anoriu'ioal. and. in matters of science, a somewhat sceptical
genius; and^ when compared with the treatise ou witchcraft [see
Nos. 3 and 10] by the same author, adds another proof to those
already mentiouedof the possibleunion of the hiy;hest intellectual
gifts with the most degrading intellectual weakness."— Buqalu
Stkwart : J*)elini. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
Could Glanvil read this complimentary reflection, doubt-
less he would have considered that it "added another proof
to those already mentioned" of the Vanity of Dogmatizing.
2. Lux Orientalis, Lon., 1662. Svo. With Anuot. by Dr.
H. More, 1682. Svo. 3. Blow at Modern Sadducism; on
Witches and Witchcraft, Ac, 1666, 4to; 1667, fob; 1688,
Svo. 4. Plus ultra; or, the Progress of Knowl. since Aris-
totle, 1668, 8vo.
''The sca!cest and most estimable of his works.'" — Gbanger.
5, 6. Two tracts ags. H. Stubbe, 1671, Svo. 7. Philoso-
phia Pia, 1671, Svo. S. Essays, 1676, 4to. 9. Essay ou
Preaching, 1678. Svo; 170.3, 12mo,
" A plain and sensible treatise.'" — Lowndes^s Brit. Lib.
10. Sadducismus Triumpbans; or, A full and plain
Evidence cone. Witehes nnd Apparitions; with some Acct.
of the Author's Life and Writings, by Dr. Henry More,
1681, Svo. With addits., 1682, 1726, Svo. See an interest-
ing essay on witchcraft, prefaced with a catalogue of works
upon the subject, in the Lon. Retrosp. Review, v. 86-136,
1822. 11. Some Discourses. Serms., and Remains. Pub.
by Dr. Henry Horneck, 1681, 4to.
"The Author of these discourses, as his wit lay out of the com-
mon road, so this genuine offspring of his fei-tile braiu soars above
the common level of ecclesiastical orations." — Dr. Horneck.
'"lie w.nsa person of more than ordinary parts, of a quick, warm,
spruce, and gay fancy, and was more lucky, at le-ast in his own
judgment, in his first hiuts and thoughts of thinj;?. than iu his
after-notions, examined and digested by longer and more mature
deliberation.'' — Athni. Oxmi.
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Prince's Worthies of
Devon.
Glanvil, Glanvill, or Glauville, Uannlph <le,
Chief-Justiciary ofall En;;l;iiid,accumpanied King Richard
in the Crusades, and fell at the siege of Acre, at an ad-
vanced age. Tbe following work is generally ascribed to
him: — Tractatua de Legilms consuetudinibus Ilegni An-
glian, tempore Regis Ilenrici Secundi, Lun.. 1554, '57? 'SO,
1604, '7:i 12mo. Best ed. by John Wilmot, 17S0, 12mo.
Trans, into English by John Beamcs, 1812, Svo, This
traus., the only one in English, is accurate, and the text is
enriched with learned notes. It is by no means certain
that this work was written by Glanvil. It has been as-
cribed to E. de Narbrougb, and also to King Henry II.
It resembles so closely the Regiam Majestateni, that no
doubt one was copied from the other; and it seems most
probable that the De Legibus is the elder work.
"But as on the one side. I dare not be confident that it is Gbu-
vill's, so I make little question that it is as antient as his time, if
not his work."— JoMN Selden.
Glnnvil is relied upon as authority by Coke, Spclman,
Selden, Hale, Blackstone, Ac.
"Whom I cite many times in these Reports for the fruit which
I confess myself to have reaped out of the liiir fields of his labours."
— Loud Coke.
Reeves incorporated the principal part of Glanvil's Trac-
tatus in his Hist, of the Common Law.
An eminent authority, well known for his partiality
to old English law-writers, several of whom he iiad re-
printed with his own annotations, thus compares Glanvil
and Littleton:
" Aoici I'opinion que j'ai concue du recueil deGlanviUe. 11 in-
diitue la niethode hi plus sure pour faire execiiter la loi; et Little-
tnn nnus JTistruit des causes et du but de cette methode. Celui-ci
pr..|.(isi- t(>ut..-fi les maxinie';: et la compilation de Olanville com-
prciid toutes les ProcfiduifS propres it mettre ces moxlmes en
GLA
action. Ces denx oiiyrages rtunis suffisent pour inBtruire !l fond
des coutumeset de roi-dre judicaire observes chez les anciens Nor-
mauds." — M. IIouard.
See tbe above authorities cited, and others referred to,
in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. The Mirror declares that Glanvil
was the inventor of tbe famous writ of Assize or De Novel
Disseisin ; but other authorities affirm ibis to be more an-
cient. Of tbe wurlis referred to above, Bi.shop Nicolson's
Eng. Hist. Lib. must be specially consulted.
Glanville, John. Articuli Fidoi Ecclesise Anglicanse,
carmine exprcssi, Oxon., Tfil.'J, 4to.
Glapthoiii, or Glaptliorne, Henry, a dramatic
author (cmjj. Charles L 1. AlbertusWallenstein, Tr., Lon.,
1634, 4to. 2. Argalus and Parthenia, Tr. Cora., 1639, 4to.
3. The Ladies' Privilege, 16411, 4to. 4. The Hollander, C,
1640, 4to. 6. Wit in a Constable, 1640, 4to. 6. The Para-
side, N. P. 7. The Vestal, N. P. 8. The Noble Tryal, Tr.
C, N. P. 9. The Dutchess of Fernandina, Tr., N. P.
10. Poems, to Lucinda, Ac, 1039, 4to.
"Plays which I iirusume in those days past with good Approba-
tion at" thi' dlulii' and Cock-pit Pliiyhouses; thn' I cannot agree
with :\Ir. \^■installloy. [Knglish Poets, page 115.1 Tliatliewas onenf
ike chufest I'ruinuti'c Puds ttfthis Agp,.'' — Lanffhainp's Dram. Poets.
"Though his plays are now entirely laid aside, yet. at the time
they were written, they met with considerable approbation and
success." — Biijg. Dramat.
" Glaptborne is certainly a better writer than a dramatist, more
eloquent than impas.sioned. more poetii^al than pathetic, infinitely
better qualified to describe than to feel, and to describe outward
and visible tilings, than
" ' To paint tbe finest features of the mind ;
And to most subtle and mysterious things
Give colour, stren-_'tb, and motion.'"
Lon. Srirnsp. Bn:, x. 121-160, 1824.
Glas, Adam. .Sorm., 1712, 8vo.
Glas, or Glass, George. Hist, of the Canary Is-
lands; from the Spanish, Lon., 1764, 4to. Also in Pinker-
ton's Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. xvi.
"The affinity of the Aborigines of these Islands to the American
Tribes is one of the most interesting questions of ethnological
science."
Glas, or Glass, John, 1635-1773, a Scotch divine,
a native of Dundee, was the founder of the Glassites,
afterwards called, from his son-in-law, Robert Sandeman,
Sandem.anians. See an account of their tenets, in Wil-
son's Hist, of Dissent. Churches; Encyc. Brit,; and their
own exposition, pub. in 1766. 1. Tbe Testimony of the
Kingof Martyrs, 1727. New ed. See Ferries, Robert.
"Mr. Glas was a minister of the Established Church in Scotland;
but, for maintaining that theliingdomofChiist is not of this world,
was expelled by a Synod. His sentiments are explained in his
Testimony of the King of Martyrs, first published in 1729." —
Evans's Sketch.
" His tract. The Testimony of the King of Martyrs, though its
leading argument may be disputed by many, contains some beau-
tiful illustrations of the Bible."— Orme's Bihl. Bib.
2. Works, Edin.,1762, 4 vols. 8vo ; Perth, 1782, 5 vols. 8vo.
"These works are chiefly controversial; but they contain fre-
quent critical discussions of the meaning of Scripture which are
worthy of attention. . . . The volume of Notes on Scripture texts
shows that he possessed no inconsiderable portion of learning and
critical sagacity. Glas's works also contain, wbat I do not know
is to be found elsewhere, an English translation of the Discourse
of Celsus."— Or??n's Bibl. Bib.
Glas, or Glass, John, 1725-1765, a surgeon, and
afterwards ship-master, son of the preceding, was mur-
dered, with bis family, by part of the crew of a vessel, in
which he was sailing from tbe Brazils to Loudon. A De-
scription of Tcneriffe; with the Manners and Customs of
tbe Portuguese who are settled there.
Glascock, Capt. VV. N., R. N. 1. Tales of a Tar,
Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Naval Service, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Naval
Sketch-Book, 1S26, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
" By far the greater part of these volumes must be utterly unin-
telligible to all but naval men : to them it will afford a considerable
treat; and as we were at sea ourselves, long ago, in our youth, we
also can taste its humour perfectly. . . . Every word smells of pitch
and tar; and really some parts of it are so well done, that, like
the Panorama of Leith Roads, they are apt to make one a little
qualmish." — Lon. Moiitldi/ Bev.. cix. 200-212.
4. Naval Sketch-Book, 2d Series, 2 vols. p. Svo. 5. Sailors
and Saints, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1831. 6. Land Sharks
and Sea Gulls, new ed., 1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Naval
Officer's Manual, 2d ed., 1848, p. Svo. New ed., 1854.
Glascocke, T. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Glascott, Cradock. Fast Serm., Lon., 1777, Svo.
Glasier, Hugh. Serm. at Paides Crosse, 1555.
Glass, Francis, educated in Philadelphia, taught
school for some time in tbe interior of Pennsylvania, and
in 1817 or 'IS removed to Miami county, Ohio, whore he
performed the duties of aschoolmaster in different localities.
An account of Mr. Glass will be found in Mr. Reynolds's
preface to the following work by the former :
Georgii Washingtonii, America^ Scptentrionalis Civita-
tum Fsederatarum Prassidis primi, Vita, Francisco Glass,
GLE
A.M. Ohioensi, Literis Latinis conscript.n. Neo-Eboraco-
poli, 1835, 12uio. Typis Fratrum Har|ierorum. A review
of this work, by J. L. Kingsley, appeared in the N. Amer.
Rev., xliii. 37-42. This elicited some anitnadversions in
the Knickerbocker Mug., viii. 473, which were replied to
by Mr. K. in the N. Amer. Rev., .xliv. 270-272. A notice
of Glass's work will also be found in the South. Lit. Mess.,
ii. 52. Mr. Kingsley admits that tTlass
" Is often happy in tbe choice of words and phrases, and pas-
sages occur of terseness and strength; nor does the author seem
to have been wanting in any thiug to make this work a worthy
companion of the modern histoi-ies in tbe same language but a
freer access to books and the advantages of a more correct and
thorough criticism."
But he thinks it his duty to add :
"We doubt, however, whether this Life of Washington can be
used to advantage in schools: certainly not without constant at-
tention on the part of the instructor to point out its errors and
defects."' — N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43.
The fairest advice which wo can offer to tbe intelligent
reader is that he should read the articles pro and con. and
then examine the work for himself.
Glass, G. H. See Glasse.
Glass, H. Servant's Directory, Lon., 1760, Svo.
Glass, Samuel. Dropsy: Phil. Trans., 1746.
Glass, Thomas, M.D. Med. treatises, 1742-75.
Glasse, Capt. Hints for Officers, 1812, Svo.
Glasse, Dr. Magistrate's Assist, 1784, Ac; 4th ed., ». a.
Glasse, Henry George, d. 1809; presented to the
living of Hanwcll, Middlesex, 17S5. He trans. Mason's
Caractacns, 17S1, '83, and Milton's Samson Agonistes,
1788, into Greek verse; pub. Contemplations from the
Sacred History, altered from the Works of Bishop Hall,
1793. 4 vids. 12ino; and Serms. Ac, 17S7-1805.
Glasse, John. Poems, Lon., 1763, 4to.
Glasse, Samuel, D.D., Rector of Wanstead, Essex,
pub. a number of occasional serms., 1773-1803 ; an Expos,
of tbe 10 Commandments, 1801, 12mo; Six Lects. on the
Ch. Catechism, 1801, 12nio; and Lectures on the Holy
Festivals, 2d ed., 1802, Svo.
" These most excellent sermons on the Festivals convey very
sound and pleasing iustruction. and iu every instance give you
the most ;iuthentic account of the person who is the subject of the
d:iy's celebration." — British Critic.
Glassford, James, of Dougalston, Advocate. 1. Scot.
Courts of Law, Edin.. 1812, Svo. 2. Evidence, 1820, Svo.
3. Enigmas, &c., 12mo. 4. Three Tours in Ireland, 1824-
26, 12mo. 5. Trans, of Lord Bacon's Latin Pieces, ISmo.
6. Covetousness brought to the Bar of Scripture, 1 837, p. Svo.
"The subject is placed before us in so strong and impressive an
aspect, and yet so entirely freed from all exaggeration of state
ment, that we sincerely hope the treatise will meet with that ex-
tensive circulation which the excellent talents and Christian
worth of the author so eminently deserve." — Edin. Presh. Beview.
7. Metrical Versions and lUus. of Scripture. 8. Popular
Education with ref. to Ireland, 1S3S, 12mo. 9. Lyrical
Compositions from the Italian Poets, with translations,
1846, 12mo. The 2d ed. is greatly enlarged. The former
edition was thus noticed in tbe Edinburgh Review:
" We have been greatly pleased with this little volume, as much
from its general character, as from the grace and polish of its exe-
cution. It is evidently the production of one possessing a quick
natural sensibility to natural beauty, improved by art and study,
and no inattentive observer of the poetry of our times."
Glazebrook, James, 1744-1803, a native of Ma-
doley, Shropshire, Vicar of Belton, Leicestershire, and
minister of St. James's, Latchford, Warrington. Serms.
and Life, Warring., 1805, Svo.
Glazier,Wm. Belcher, b. 1827, at Hallowell, Maine.
Poems, Hallowell, 1S53, 12mo. Mr. G. has contributed to
several periodicals.
Gleig, Rt. Rev. George, LL.D., one of the Bishops
of the Episcopal Church of Scotland; coadjutor to the
Bishop of Brechin, 1808; preferred to the sole charge,
1810; Primus, 1816. 1. Supp. to the 3d ed. of Encyc.
"Brit., Edin., 1801, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Occasional Serms.,
1803, Svo. 3. A Charge, 1809, 4to. 4. Two Serms., Lon.,
1814, Svo. 5. Staokbouse's Hist, of the Bible, corrected
and improved, 1817, 3 vols. 4to.
" With important corrections, and several valuable dissertations,
which tended gi-eatly to increase its utility."— iforae's Bibl. Bih.
See Stackhouse, Thomas.
6. Directions for tbe study of Theology, in a series of
Letters from a Bishop to his son on his admission to holy
orders, 1S27, Svo.
"A learned and sensible guide, which appears to divide itself
into three parts : 1. Of Natural Religion ; 2. Of the Foundation of
Morals, viewed in reference both to their object and their author-
ity ; and 3. Of the Doctrines which are peculiar to Christianity." —
Loii'ndi's's E^it. Lib.
Bishop Gleig contributed a number of articles to the
Anti-Jacobin Review and to the British Critic.
677
GLE
Gleig, George Robert, born in 171*5, a son of tho
preceding, is one of tbe most voluminous writers of the
day. He was educated at Oxford, which he left to join
the army, then marching through the city for Lisbon;
served in the Peninsula, (see the Subaltern.) and subse-
quently in the campaign of Washington, where he was
severely wounded; took holy orders; presented to the living
of Ivy Church, Kent, 1822 ; Chaplain of Chelsea Hospital,
1844; Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1846; devised a
scheme for the education of soldiers, and appointed In-
spector-General of Military Schools. 1. The Subaltern,
1825, 12mo. 2. Allan Breck, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Chelsea
Pensioners, 1829, ■40. 3 vuls. p. Svo; alsu in 1 vol. 12mo.
4. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1830, 12mo. 5. Hist, of the
Bible, 1830, '31, 2 vols. p. Svo. 6. Brit. Milt. Commanders,
1831, '32, 3 vols, fp. Svo. 7. Hist, of Brit. India, 1831-33,
'48, 4 vols. 18mo. S. Country Curate, 1834, '49, 2 vols. p.
Svo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 9. Soldier's Help to Divine
Truth, 1S35, 12mn. 10. Chronicles of Waltham. 1835, 3
Tols. p. Svo. 11. Guide to the Lord's Supper, 1835, 12mo.
12. Family Hist, of Eug.. 1836, '54, 3 vols. 12mo. 13. The
Hussar, 1S37, 2 vols. p. Svo ; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 14. Tra-
ditions of Chelsea College, 1838, '48, 3 vols. p. Svo; also
in 1 vol. 12mo. 15. Visit in 1837 to Germany, Bohemia,
and Hungary, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 16. The Only Daughter,
1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 17. Life of Sir Thos. Munro, 3 vols. Svo,
2 vols. Svo, and new ed., 1849, 1 vol. p. Svu. 18. Hist,
of Eng. for Schools. 3d ed., 1850, 12mo. 19. Veterans of
Chelsea Hospital, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 20. Things, Old
and New, r. Svo. 21. Memoirs of Warren Hastings, 1841,
3 vols. p. Svo. 22. Serms. for Advent. Christmas, and the
Epiphany, 1844, 12mo. 23. The Light Dragoon, 1844, '4S,
'50, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo ; also in 1 vul. 12mo. 24. Milt.
Hist, of G. Brit, 1845, 12mo. 25. Sale's Brigade in Af-
ghanistan, 1846, p. Svo. 20. Campaigns of the Brit. Army
at Washington and N. Orleans, 1814-15, 1847, p. Svo.
27. Story of the Battle of Waterloo, 1847, p. Svo. The
reader should also peruse the Story of the Peninsular War.
28. Life of Lord Clive, 1848, 12mo. 29. School Series,
1850, Ac, in 18 vols. This series, composed of works by
Mr. Gleig and other writers, comprises many valuable
contributions to the interests of education. It is still
(1854) in course of publication by Longman. 30. Leipsic
Campaign, 1852, 12mo. It is unnecessary, after such a
long catalogue of works, following each other in rapid
succession, to say that Mr. Gleig is a very popular writer.
Without entering into any detailed examination of his
merits or demerits, we cannot avoid entering a protest
against his zealous advocacy of one of the most uuscru-
pulous, cruel, and remorseless wretches who ever disgraced
humanity in general, and the British name in particular — ■
Warren Hastings. Mr. Gleig's Life of Hastings forms a
proper companion to Abbott's Life of Napoleon. We can
say nothing more condemnatory of both. To prove that
we **do well to be angry" with the Chaplain-General's re-
markable production, entitled The Memoirs of Warren
Hastings, we shall fortify our position by a brief extract
from an eminent critic, who adds to his multifarious eru-
dition an intimate acquaintance with East India Affairs :
"This book seems to have been manufai-tured in pursuance of a
contract, by which tbe representatives of Warren IListings, on the
one part, bound themselves to furnish papers, and Mr. Gleig, on
the other part, bound himself to fui-nish praise. It is but just to
say that the covenants on both sides have been most faithfully
kept; and the result is before us in the form of three big bad vo-
lumes, full of undigested correspondence and undiscerning pane-
gyric. If it were worth while to examine this performance in
detail, we could easily make a long article, by merely pointing out
inaccurate statements. inele;.';ant expressions, and immoral doc-
trines. But it would be idle to waste criticism on a bookmaker;
and, whatever credit Mr. Gleig may have justly earned by former
works, it is as a bookmaker, and notbio'^ more, that he now comea
before us. More eminent men thmi Mr, Chig have written nearly
esillashe. when they have st Ml. ppd to similar drudgery. It would,
he unjust to estimate Goldsuiith by the History of Greece, or Scott
by the Life of Napoleon. Mr. Gleig is neither a Goldsmith nor a
Scott; but it would be unjust to deny that he is capable of some-
thing better than these memoirs. It would also, we hope and
believe, be unjust to charge any Christian minister with the guilt
of deliberately maintaining some propositions whifh we find in
this work. It is not too much to say, that Mr. Gleig has written
several passages, which bear the same relation to tbe Prince of
Machiavelli that the Prince of Machiavelli bears to the Whole Duty
of Mao, and which would excite amazement in a den of robbers,
or on board of a schooner of pirates. But we are willing to attribute
these offences to haste, to thoughtle.S'sness, and to that disease of
the understanding which may be called the Furor Biographicus.
and which is to writers of lives what the goitre is to an Alpine
shepherd, or dirt^eating toa Negro slave." — T. B. Macaulw: RUn.
Rev.. Oct. 1841 ; and in his MiscellanieSy undfr tfu; title of Warren
JlasHngs.
We have already referred to Mr. Gleig's Memoir in our
678
GLI
article on Edmund Burke, pp. 292, 29.'?, and perhaps in
other parts of this volume. Mr. Gleig's sermons have been
higHly commended. Essays, Biographical, Historical, and
Miscellaneous, contributed chiefly to the Edinburgh and
Quarterly Reviews, 1858, 2 vols. cr. Svo. A notice of Mr.
G., with a portrait, will be found in Eraser's Magazine, x.
282.
Glemham, Charles. Prayers, Lon., 1569, Svo.
Gleii) A. Assize Serm., 1781, Svo.
Glen, John, Minister of the Chapel in Portobello. A
Treatise on the Sabbath, Edin., 1822, 12mo.
'■ A very excellent work on a most importiint subject." — Chris.
Jtfcnler.
"This is a history of the institution of the Sabbath, and of the
change as to the time of its being kept. It is written with becom-
ing earnestness, and in its historical account is sufficiently inte-
resting."— Lon. A>io Atunthly Magazine, No. IS.
Glen, John King. Poems, Lou., 1752, Svo.
Glen, W'm, Treat, on the Bills of Exchange, Pro-
missory Notes, and Letters of Credit in Scotland, Edin.,
ISOr. Svo; 2d ed., 1824.
"The references in the first edition are almost wholly to Scotcn
decisions, but in thia to both Scotch and English."— Marvin.
Glen, Wm. C. Legal publications, Lon., 1846-58.
Glenbervie, IjOrd* See Douglas, Sylvester.
Gleneuiru, Isabella. A Representation of the Case
of the Counters of GUncairn, 1812.
Glenie, James, 1750-1817, a Scotch mathematician,
and a lieut. in the artillery, paid much attention to forti-
fications, and pub. The Hist, of Gunnery, Edin., 1776, and
a number of mathemat, and other works. He also con-
tributed mathemat. &c. papers to Phil. Trans., 1776, '77,
and to Trans. Soc, Edin., 1796, 1812, *15.
Glenorchy, Willielma, Viscountess, 1741-1786.
Her Life, with extracts from her Diary and Corresp., by
T. S. Jones, D.D., minister of her chapel, Edinburgh, Edin.,
1822, Svo.
Gleuton, Fred. Widows, Ac. of Medical Men, 1792.
Gliddon, George R., d. at Panama, Nov. 16, 1857,
aged 50, U. S. Consul for Cairo, in Egypt, and twenty-tbreo
years a resident of the Valley of the Nile, was a son of the
late John Gliddon, U. S. Consul for Egypt. 1. Ancient
Egypt: her Mimuments, Hieroglyphics, History, and Ar-
chseology, and other Subjects connected with Hieroglyphic
Literature ; 12th ed., Lon. and Phila., 1850, 4to ; new ed.,
Lon., 1853, imp. Svo. This work has elicited commenda-
tion from many quarters. 18,000 copies were circulated in
America in less than three years. Mr. Gliddon's Lectures
upon the subjects discussed in this work have been attended
by large audiences in various parts of the I'nited States.
A notice of Gliddon's Egypt, by Rev. A. B. Chapin, will be
found in tbe Amcr. Bib. Rep., 2d S., x. 1^4. 2. Appeal to
the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Mo-
numents of Egypt. 1841, Svo.
" Mr.Gliddon,in this cleverly-written publication, brings forward
matter of very great importance to all who admire antiquity, or
who are interested in history. lie appeals to the Antiquaries of
Europe on behalf of the Monuments of Egypt. If they do not
step forward for the preservation of Egj-ptian Monuments, in a
very few years travellers may save themselves the trouble of a
journey beyond the preciucts of the Lritish and Continental Mu-
seums. We heartily recommend his work to the public." — Lon.
Citi/ Chrvnide.
3. Discourses on Egyptian Archaeology. Lon., Svo.
4. A Memoir on the Cotton of Egypt, 1841, Svo.
'•This Memoir was drawn up at the suggestion of the lion. Levi
Woodbury, late Secretary to the Treasury of the United States, at
Cairo. Here are, in a very few pages, a complete treatise on tho
History and Manufacture of Cotton in Egypt, acd of the dreadful
system under whiih the wretched Fellkh is compelled to produce
it. They who feet alarmed at the apparition of a blue-book, and
its crowded folio of details, will find a useful analysis, as well as
an original essay of great value, in Mr. Gliddon's Memoir." — ion.
Atlas.
5. Otia Egyptiaca, 1S49, Svo. Mr. Gliddon also trans.
Henry Venel's Chronos, and pub., Phila., 1854, 4to, in con-
junction with J. C. Nott, M.D., of Mobile, The Types of
Mankind; or, Ethnological Researches, Ac, consisting in
part of inedited papers of Saml. George Morton, M.D.,
and contributions from Prof. L. Agassiz, LL.D., W. Usher,
M.D., and Prof. H. S. Patterson, M.D. The remainder of
the work is by Dr. Nott and Mr. Gliddon.
"Whether this monument will turn out to be *fere perennius,'
or whether it will crumble to pieces under the somewhat severe
weathering which it will most assuredly receive from European
Ethnologists, is more than we will venture to prophesy. In any
case, the Types of Mankind appears to us to be by far the most
elaborate efficient brief which has yet been drawn up for the use
of those who plead on the side of the original diversity oi human
races. Its writers are, at any rate, thorough-paced, and shrink
before none of the consequences of their own logic." — Wa.tunnster
Revieiv, July, 1S54, 131-134.
A Notice of the Types of Mankind, by John Bachman,
GLI
GLO
D-D., of Cliarleston, S. C, was pub. in that city, in 1S54-
55; and the work has been reviewed in several other
quarters.
-It [Dr. Bachman's Notice] is in tone dignified, gentlemanly,
and at the same time excoriatiug. . . . The shallowness and posi-
tive ignorance of Nott. and the empty pretence of Gliddon, are
shown up. and these men are left without muoh to boast of
A-'aPsiz does nut. with his hasty and crude conclusions, figure to
much advantage, and we are sorry to say. that by an inevitable
necessity, the reputation of Morton is damaged. . . . Where are
the 'Typesof Mankind' now? Sinking lower and lower. . . . The
Presbyterian Quarterly Review for Septeml>er [1854] contains an
able and searchiug review of the -Types of Mankind,' recently
ushered to the world by Messrs. Gliddon and Nott. It is at once
instructive and amusing to see these gentlemen under the dis-
seoting-knife of a scholar, who not only exposes the malignity of
their shallow science, but their utter unfitness in point of scbolar-
sbip to dabble in the orii^'inal languages of the Scriptures. Mr.
Gliddon, especially, pretends to a critical acquaintance with the
Hebrew text, and his pretension might have passed current had
he not ventured on proofs of his critical acumen; but alas for
him! he has written a book which has enabled bis learned readers
to detect his miserable shallowness. . . . Our own estimate of the
'Types of Mankind' has already been laid before our readers. A
further examination of the book has only temled to confirm our
first impressions. As a work, of science it is wortliless; full of pre-
tension, and yet full of ignorance and contradiction." — Lyman
CuLEMAN, D.D. : Phila. Presbi/tenan.
'•It did not take long to satisfy ourselves that Mr. Gliddon's
exposition of Genesis xi., being a compilation without complete-
ness, arrangement, or any philosophical method whatever, has no
claim to be regarded as a literary work It is not to our taste or
inclination to rest content with condemning Mr. Gliddon's lucu-
brations in general terms. To express our sense of their character,
we can find no epithets which have not lost their force from his
profuse mis;ipplication of them. Our duty requires us to enter
into parti<-ulars to refute bis arguments, if such bis assertions
may be called, from A to Z, as he is mistaken all through. It is
a humiliating task, to be sure, to refute a work, which, to every
Hebraist, carries its own refutation on the face of every page." —
Boston Chi~is. Examiner.
Rt. Rev. Dr. Alouzo Potter, Bishop of the Episcopal
Church in the diocese of Pennsylvania, remark-s with re-
ference to the flippant sneers which some controversialists
obtrude into discussions upon the truth of the Scriptures:
'* We must confess, however, that we have never, in the whule
extent of our reading, met any thing which, in this respect, is so
offensive to good taste and to the first principles of Inductive
Philosophy, as the elaborate work receutly given to the world
under the" title of Types of ManK-ind. Written under the influ-
ence of avowed prejudices against certain races of men, and de-
scending to the use of caricature in order to bring them into dis-
repute, it stops at hardly any thing which can cast reproach on
Scripture. No jests are too coarse, no revilings too bitter or con-
temptuous, no special pleading too perverse. It is mournful to
find that such names as those of Morton and Agassiz are destined
to go down to posterity associated with such unseemly exhi-
bitions of spite and intolerance. A cenotaph to Morton, one of
the calmest and most dignified philosophers that any age or
country has seen, should be stained by no scurrility, defamed by
no violence. It is an insult to his memory to suppose that he
could have desired his unpublished writings to Im- given to the
world, in close connection with an attack on the Bible the ma-
levolence of which is only equalled by its impotence." — Introdnc-
tirni to Lectures on the Evidences of Christianitj/y delivered in Phila.,
1853-54, Phila., 1S55. 8vo.
See Historical Magazine. (Xew York,) Jan. 1S58, 32.
Glingall, Richard Butler, Earl of, 1794-1858,
an Irish peer, author of the Iri:!;h Tutor, a Farce; The
Follies of Fashion, a Comedy : and other dramatic works
of some merit. At one time, he wrote largely for the Age
and other Conservative London journals.
Glisson, Francis, M.D.. 1597-1077, President of
the London College of Physicians, was in great repute for
professional learning. 1. Tractatus de Rachitide seu Morbo
Puerili Rickets Dicto, Ac. Lon., 1650, '(10, 8vo. In Eng-
lish, by Philip Armin, 1651, 8vo. By Culjiepper, 1C6S,
12mo. See Bate, ticoRGE, M.D.
2. Anatomia Hepatis, Ac, 1654, 8vo ; Amst., 1659, 8to ;
1669. fol. ; Hague, 1681, 12mo; Genev., 1685. Also in
the Collec. of Mongeters. 3. De Naturte Substantia Ener-
getica, Ac, Lon., 1672, 4to. 4. Tractatus de Vcntriculo
et Intestinis, Ac, 1676, 4to ; Amst., 1677, 12mo ; Genev.,
1685, fol. ; Lugd. Bat., 1691, 12mo. Opera Medica Ana-
tomica, 1691, 3 vols. 12mo.
'' This worthy doctor, to whose learned lucubrations and deep dis-
quisitions in physic not only Great Britain, but remoter kingdoms,
owe a particular respect and veneration." — Wimd's FaM Oxon.
See Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.; Birch's Hist. Roy. Soc.
Glisson, >Vm., and Gulston, Ant. The Common
Law Epitomized, etc., Lon., 1679, 8vo.
" This was formerly called common law epitomized, &c., without
a nanu., 1661, and it was first entitled Survey of the Law, Ac,
1659 [Svo]."— ^'/ar/.e's BUd. Leg.
Glossy, Saml., M.D. Diseases, Lon., 1763, 8vo.
Gloster, Arch., M.D., of St. John's, Antigua. Cure
of Tetanus and Lock Jaw. by amazing quantities of Opium.
Tran3. Amer. Soc, i. 379.
See Robert of Gloc-
Gloucestcr, Robert of.
CEKTKll.
Glover. Tracts on Trade. Lon., 1774, 75^ Svo.
Glover, 3Irs. Caroline II., a daughter of Rev. Dr.
Saml. and Mrs. Caroline Gilman, was born in Charleston,
1823; married in 1340. She was left a widow in 18-16,
and has since that period resided with her parents. She
id known as the author of many contributions to periodi-
cals, consisting of juvenile literature. Ac, under the signa-
ture of Caroline Howard, Vernon Grove, N. York, 1858.
Glover, Fred. Serm., L(tn., 1841, 8vo.
Glover, Henry. Serms., 1663, '64, 4to.
Glover, Phillips. Theolog. Lett, to Rev. Dr, "Water-
land, 1734, 8vo.
Glover, Richard, 1712-1785, a native of London,
and a merchnut of that city, was one of the best Greek
scholars and most famous poets of his day. He was edu-
cated at the school of Cheam, in Surrey, and whilst tbere
wrote, in his 16th year, his poem to the memory of Sir
Isaac Newton, appended by Dr. Henry Pemberton, in
1728, to his View of Newton's Philosophy. In 1760
Glover became a member of Parliament, and for many
years enjoyed considerable political influence. 1. Leuni-
das; a Poem, Lon., 1737, 4to ; 1738, Svo. It passed
thi-ough 4 eds. in 1737-38. 5th ed., extended from It to 12
books, 1770, 2 vols. 12mo. With plates, 1798, 2 vols. Svo.
New ed., 24mo. This poem — now almost entirely neg-
lected— which celebrates the defence of Thermopylae, was
enthusiastically applauded, both for its poetry and politics :
"The whole plan and purpose of it beiii^ to show the superi-
ority of freedom over slavery ; and how mueh virtue, public spirit,
and the love of liberty are preferalde. both in their nature and
eEfects, to riches, luxury, and thy insuleuce of power."' — Lord
Ltttelton: in f.hmmon .Sense.
2. London, or the Progress of Commerce ; a Poem, Lon.,
1739, 4to. 3. Hosier's Ghost, 1739. This poem, written
to excite the nation against the Spaniards, became very
popular. It was composed whilst Glover was a visitor at
Stowe; and there is an amusing anecdote connected with
its composition, in which Lady Temple's tulips bear a
prominent part. 4. Application to Purl. rel. to Trade,
1751, Svo. 5. Boadiceaj a Tragedy, 1758, Svo. This
piece was performed fur nine nights, but seems to have
disappointed Glover's friends. 6. Medea; a Tragedy,
1761, 4to.
"Written on the Greek model, and therefore unfit for the mo-
dern stajre."
7. Jason ; a Tragedy, 1799. Svo. Never acted, and, the
Biog. Dramat. says, never pub.
"As it required .'^cenery of the most expensive kind, it never
■was exhibited." — Biog. Dramat.
8. The Atheniad; a Poem, 17S7, 3 vols. 12mo. This is
a continuation of Leonidas.
"The Atheniad ought always to accompany the Leonidas. Mr.
Chalmers censures it, because, he siiys. the events of history are
so closely followed as to give the whole the air of a poetical chro-
nicle. To this opinion we may oppose the fact of having ourselves
lejieatedly perused it in early youth, for the interest which the
story continually excited. Glover endeavoured to imitate the
ancients, but wanted strength to support the severe style which
he had chosen. He has. however, many and great merits; this
especially auionp others, that instead of treading in the sheep-
track wherein the writers of modern epics, till his time, servum
peciis, had gone one after the other, he framed the stories of both
his poems according to their subject, without reference to any
model, or any rule but that of propriety and good sense." — Lon.
Quar. Bev.. .xi. 498. 4"J9.
" His Leonidas acquired extraordinary populatity in its day. and
appear.s. like the pseudo-Ossian, to have obtained a higher, or, at
least, a more lasting, reputation on the continent, than in its own
country; where, however, it still retains its rank as an English
classic. . . . The Atheniad was intended as a sequel to Leonidas, and
embraces the remainder of the Persian war, from the death of
Leonidas to the battle of Platea. It was the work of the author's
old age, and its defects are, in part, attributable to the circum-
stance of its not having received his finishing hand. In this
latter performance, accordingly, the abilities of the author shew
themselves more matured, a^nd his peculiar properties more fully
developed.*' — Lmi. Betrosp. Bev., ii. 105-133, 1S20.
In 1813, Svo, was pub., from a Diary or part of a Diary,
written by Glover. Memoirs of a distinguished Lit. and
Polit. Character, from 1742-57, &c.; and in 1S15 appeared
an Inquiry, &c. rel. to these Memoirs, designed to prove
that Glover was the author of the Letters of Junius. To
these publications we shall refer in our article on JuNIUS.
A writer in the Edin. Rev. remarks:
"The sole value of the Memoirs of this vulgar, bustling, self-
important politician, consists in the particulars he has given of
some privatedeliberationsof opposition to which he was admitted.**
But see this same periodical, xxii. 475-4S4.
" A portion of this history has lately been made public, and it is
as interesting as any thing can be which relates to the politics of
such unimportant times. . . . We should rejoice if this inquiry
[see ante] should bring forth more of bis remains, and lead to a
679
GLO
GOD
collected edition of the works of an author who. though too highly
extolled in bis own day, must ever hold a respectable rank among
the English poets." — Lon. Quar. Iter., xi. 498. 499.
See Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, ISIO; Chal-
mers's liiog. Diet.; art. in Lon. Gent. Mag., bj Dr. Brock-
lesby.
Glover, Robert, 154.3-15SS, a native of Ashford,
Kent, was first made Portcullis Pursuivant, and in 1571
Somerset Herald. 1. De Nobilitate pulitiea vel civili.
'Oub. by his nephew, Thos. Milles. Lon., 1608, fol. 2. A
Catalogue of Honour, 1610. fol. This refers to the Eng-
lish nobility. It was also pub. by T. Milles.
" Being the first work in that kind, he therein traced untrodden
paths; and therefore no wnuder if such who since succeeded liiiu
in that sulijoct have found a nearer way. and exceed him in accu-
rateuess tlierein." — Fulli^y's M'>rt/nfs nf Kt-itt.
Edniondson's Complete Body of Heraldry (vol. i.) con-
tains Glover's Ordinary of Arms, augmented and improved.
He wrote an answer, never pub., to the Bishop of Ross's
book, asserting Mary Queen of Scots' claim to the crown,
assisted Camden in his pedigrees for the Britannia, and
engaged in other literary labours. See Noble's Coll. of
Arms; Oent. Mag., Lxiii. .311; Fuller's Worthies.
Glover, Thomas, Surgeon. Aeet. of Virginia; Phil.
Tr.ins., 1676. Mr. G. gives an account of "a most prodi-
gious creature," half fish and half man, which appeared
to him in the water of the Rappahannock. Whether this
occurred bel'ore or after dinner, we are unable to state.
Glover, Serjt. W. Practical Treat, on the Law of
Municipal Corporations, Lon., ISil, 8vo. This treatise is
preceded by a Historical Summary of the ancient and mo-
dern Corporate System, «fee.
Glover, Wm. Serm. on James iv. 1.
Glyii, Thomas C, and Robert S. Jameson. Rep.
Casesin Bankruptcy,! 820-28, Lon., 1821-28, 12 vols. r. 8vo.
Glynn, John, Proceedings on the King's Commission
of the Peace, Jtc, Lun., 1775, 4to.
Glynn, Robert, M.D., d. 1800, a native of Cambridge,
Fellow of Queen's Coll. The Day of Judgment, a Poetical
Essay, Lon., 1757, Ito. This obtained the Seatonian prize
in 1757.
"Tho' the Author, in his Fjrordimn, modestlv disclaims any
poetical power, many parts of the sequel, and, indeed, the poem
taken altogethei-. will dispose his Readers to dissent agreeably
from bis self-dimdence."— ion. Mmtli. I/ei'., Nm. 1767.
Goad, Christopher, Fellow of King's Coll.. C.amb.
Refreshing Drops and Scorching Vials, Lon., 1653, 4to.
New ed., 1827, 12mo.
'* When on his Sermons we but cast our eye
And in so plain a dress such beauty spy,
A native splendour, which not tiuctuiMl is
With skill or art, we can experience this:
That treasures in an earthen ves.sel lie,
And we a burning, shining light descry
In camel's h.Tir attiied."
Goad, John, 1615-16S9, an eminent classical teacher
and divine, a native of London, Vicar of St. Giles, Cxf.,
1643; of V am ton, 1646; head-master of Merchant Taylors'
school for nearly twenty years. 1. Serm., 166.3. 4to.
2. Serm., 1C64, 4to. 3. Genealogicon Latinum, 2d ed.,
1676, 8vo. 4. Astro-Meteorologia, 1680, fol. Founded
on thirty years' experience. 5. Auto-didactica, 1690, Svo.
6. Astro-Meteorologia sana, 16510, 4to.
"A learned and religious person." — Athen. Oron.
'■(iooduess inspire me, while I write of one.
Who was all goodness; but alas! he's gone.*'
Jakes Wright, iibi supra.
Goad, Thomas, D.D., d. 1638. God's Decrees, 1601.
Goadby, Henry, M.D. A Text-Book of Vegetable
and Animal Physiology, N.Y., 1858, Svo. See N. Amer.
Rev., Oct. 1858, (by A. P. Peabody. D.D.)
Goadby, J. Observ. on the Art of War, 1809.
Goadby, Robert, d. 1778, a printer of Sherborne,
Dorsetshire, was author of The Universe Displayed, The
Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew, The King of the Beggars,
&C., and edited An Hlustration of the Holy Scriptures, by
Notes and Explications, Ac, Sherborne, 1759-64, 3 vols,
fol.; frequently reprinted. 10th ed. of the N. Test., a. «.,
serf circa 1800, fol.
" It contains many judicious notes ; . . . but, while it seems to be
orthodox, is written entirely on the Arian hypothesis."— Dk. A.
Clarke.
*' The false and erroneous interpretations contained in this work
were forcibly and ably exposed by the Rev. Walter Sellon, in his
Remarks upon certain pasMges in a work entitled an Illustration
of the Holy Scri|>lures. London. 1765, 12mo."—Hr,rne's Bibl. Bil:
Gobat, Rt. Rev. Samuel, D.D., Bishop of the
Church of England in Jerusalem. Jour, of a Three Years'
Residence in Abyssinia: with a brief Hist, of the Ch. in
Abyss., Ijy the Rev. Saml, Lee, D.D., 2d ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo.
God, John. A Discf.urse of the great Crueltie of a
Widow, Ac, set forth in English Verse, lOmo.
6SU
Godbold, N. Consumption, 1784, '87, Svo.
Godbolt, John, Justice. Rep. Cases in the Cts. of
flBtord, 1575-16:;8. Ed. by Win. Hughes, Lon., 1652, 4to.
"Uodl'Olt. tJoldsborotigh, and March, mean reporteis, but uot to
he rejected." — Niirt/i's Stu. Liiw. 'li.
Goddam, or Voddam, Adam, an Englishman.
Super iv.librosSentenliarum. Par.,ap. J. Barbier, 1512, fol.
Goddard, Austin Parke, Knight of the Militarv
Order of St. Stephen. The Hist, of Italy, 1490-1532. In
20 books. From the Itnlian of Guicciardini, Lon., 1755-
69, 10 vols. Svo. See Fenton, Sm Geoffhey. For an
account of the edits, of Guicciardini's Hist, of Italy, see
Disraeli's Curiosities of Lit. ; Iloscoe's Leo the Tenth;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brunei's Man., Ac. This is supposed
to be one of the works studied by Shakspeare. Guicciar-
dini is high authority :
''The historical wjitings of Guicciardini have not only entitled
their author to the indisputable precedence of all tbi- historians of
Italy, but have placed him at least on a level with those of any
age or of any country." — Jiofcoes Life of Leo the Tenth.
'' We have finished the twentieth and last book of Guieciardini's
history; the most authentick I believe (may I add, I fear) that
ever was composed. I believe it, because the historian was an
actor in his terrible drama, and personally knew the principal per-
formers in it ; and I fear it. because it exhibits the woful picture of
society iu the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.'" — Sir Wm. Jones.
'* This work is unquestionably, in respect to the importance and
authenticity of its matter, the most valuable part of the annals
of Itjily that has ever been written." — Mills.
"I should not scruple to prefei- Guicciardini to Thucydides in
every respect." — Lord BoLlNoanoKE.
"This historian represents man in his darkest colours. Their
drama is teriific. The actors are monsters of perfidy, of inhu-
manity, and inventors of crimes which seem to want a name.
They were all princes of darkness, and that age seemed to afford a
triumph to Manicheism. 'I'he worst passions were called in by all
parties." — Disraeli.
" The predominating love of narrative, more especially when the
exploits of a favourite nation weie the sul ject, rendered this book
very popular; and it came recommended to the public bv a title-
page which promised almost the entertainment of a romance." —
Warto.v.
Goddard, Charles, D.D., Archdeacon and Preb. of
Lincoln. 1. Serm., Lon.. 1822, Svo. 2. Eight Serms. at
B.Tmpton Lect,, 1823, Oxf., 1824, Svo. 3. Serms. and
Charges. 1838, sm. 4to.
Goddard, James. Case between the Managers of
the Royal Family Privateers. Ac, Lon., 1756.
Goddard, Jonathan, M.D., 1617-1674, a physician,
chemist, botanist, and promoter of the Roy.al Society.
1. Observ. cone, a Tree, Lon.. 1664, fol. 2. The Fruit
Trees' Secrets, 1664, 4to. 3. Discourse on Physic, 1669,
'70, '78, 4to. 4. Chemical, Ac eon. to Phil. Trans., 1676.
His recipes. Arcana Goddardiana, were pub. at the end of
the Pharmacopoiia Bateann, 1691. His memory was long
preserved among doctors and patients by the Goddard
Drops. Bishop Ward says that Goddard was the first
Englishman who made the telescope. The following not«
will please the bibliomaniac:
" He was master of a most curious library of books, well and
richly bound." — Athen. Oxon.
See Biog. Brit.; Ward's Gresham Prof.; Birch's Hist,
of the Roy. Soc.
Goddard, Paul B., M.D., an eminent physician of
Philadelphia, b. Jan. 26, 1811, iu Baltimore. 1. On the
Arteries, 12 plates. Phila.,4to. 2. On the Nerves, 12 plates,
4to. 3. The Anatmny, Physiology, and Pathology of the
Human Teeth, with the most approved Methods of Treat-
ment. Aided in the practical part by Joseph E. Parker,
Dentist; 30 plates, 1844, 4to; 1849; N. York, 1854, 4to. 4.
A System of Hum.an Anatomy, General and Special, by
Erasmus Wilson. M.D. Edited by P. B. G. 4th Amer.
from the last Lon. ed., Svo; nearly 000 pp., with 250 illust.
5. The Dissector; or, Prac. and Surg. Anatomy, by Eras-
mus Wilson, M.D. Modilied and rearranged by P". B. G.;
2d ed., improved, large 12mo, pp. 440, with over 100 wood-
cuts. 6. Practical Treatise on Midwifery, by F. J. Moreau.
Ed. by P. B. G.; SO plates, Phila., 1844, Svo. 7. Illustra-
tions of Syphilitic Disease, by Philip Ricord, 50 plates. Ed.
by P. B. G., 1851, Svo. 8. The Iconographic portion of
Rayer on the Skin. 1845. 9. Ashwell on Diseases of Fe-
males. Ed. by P. B. G., 1850, Svo.
Goddard, Peter Stephen, D.D., d. 1781, Preb. of
Peterborough, and of St. Paul's; Fellow of Clare Hall,
Camb., 1727; Master, 1762. His popularity as a preacher
was so great that he was known .as " The Young Tillotson."
1. Serm., 1746, Svo. 2. Serm., 1759, 8vo. 3. Serm., 1759.
4. Serm., 1759. 5. Serm., 1769, 4lo. 6. Serm.s., 1781, Svo.
Goddard, Philip, of Beneham. Serm., 1714, Svo.
Goddard, Thomas. Miscellanea, Lon., 1661, 4to.
Goddard, Thomas. Plato's Demon, Lon., 1684,
Svo. This is an answer to Pluto's Redivivus.
GOD
GOD
Goddarcl, Thomas, Canon of Windsor. 1^. Occas.
Sei-Qis.. 170;i-10. 5. Six Serms., 1715. 6, 7. Letters,
1710, Ac.
Goddard, Thomas, Rector of Swell, Somersetshire.
Reformation of the Liturgy j a Serm. on Jno. xviL 3, 1772,
8vo.
Goddard, Wm. 1. A Neaste of Waspes, Dort, 1615,
■Ito. 2. Doi^s from the Antipodes, in 41 Satyrs, 4to. 3. A
Mastif- "Whelp. This consists of 126 Satyrs. Boswell, 975,
£9 9s. 4. A Satyrieall Dialogue: or, a sharplye inuectiue
Conference hetwecne Alexander the great and that trulye
Woman-hater Diogynes. Imprinted in the Lowe Countryes
for all such Gentlewomen as are not altogether idle nor yet
well occupyed, 4to. In this work the ungallant author has
the temerity to attack the gentler sex. It is not unlikely
that he was a captious old hachelor, who deserved to re-
main i-n.
Goddard, Wm., d. 1817, at Providence, R. I., in his
78th year, was connected with the newspaper press in
various parts of the United States. In 1762 he commenced
the Providence, R. Island, Gazette ; in 17(57 he established
the Pennsylvania Chronicle, Phila. ; in 177^^ he commenced
the Maryland Journal at Baltimore, whitdi he relinquished
in 1792, and subsequently resided in Rhode Island. He was
at one time connected with the publication of Parker's
Journal in New York. An interesting acc<)unt iif Goddard
will be found in Thomas's Hist, of Printing. His claim to
a place in our volume is founded on the fact of his having
pub. a Hist, of the Penn. Chronicle, 1770. He married a
Miss Angell, of Providence, and the name of the lady sug-
gested to a friend of the groom the b-nt nwt that Goddard
had "taken an angel for his wife." It would appear,
therefore, that wit is not entirely a recent invention.
AVhether Mr. Goddard's facetious friend deserved the com-
mendation of Barrow —
"It seemeth to argue a rare quickness of parts, that one can
fetch in remote conoits applicable: a notable skill, that he can
dexterously accommodate them to the purpose before him" —
we shall not stop to inquire.
Goddard, Wm. Giles, d. at Providence, R. I., 1846,
aged 52, son of the preceding, was in 1S25 appointed Prof,
of Moral Philos. and Metaphysics in Brown University;
the title of the Professorship was in 1S34 changed to that
of Belles-Lettres. Prof. G. resigned his post, in consequence
of ill health, in 1842. He pub. an Address before the Phi
Beta Kappa Society of Brown University, on The Value
of Liberal Studies; a Sketch of the first president. Man-
ning; an Address on the death of Wm. Henry Harrison,
Pres. U. States; and a Discourse on tlie Change of the
Civil Govt, of R. Island in 1843. From 1814 to 1825 he
was proprietor and editor of The Rhode Island American,
a paper pub. at Providence.
Goddard, Wm. Stauley, D.D., 1757-1S45, Rector
of Repton, Herby. 1. Serm. on the Visit, of the Bishop,
Winches., 1811. 8vo. 2. Serm. at the Consec. of Bp. How-
ley, Lon., 1814, 4to.
Godden, Thos., D.D., Preb. -in-Ordinary to her Ma-
je^rty. 1. Serms., 1686. 2. Serms., 1686, 4to. See Cath.
Serms., 1741.
Godet, Gylles- Genealogie of the Kinges of England,
1560-62, fol. Kings from Brute to Elizabeth.
''Of this very mre and curious book no other copy is known,
but that at Althorp."— Z/(7<?. Grawill., q. v.
See also Herbert's Ames, 1314, and Bibdin's ^Edes Al-
thorpiana^, i. 180-184.
Godfrey of Winchester, d. 1107, prior of St.
Swithin's at Winchester, was the author of a number of
Epistles, epigrams, verses, &c. The two last-named, all
that are known to exist, are preserved in a MS. iu the Cot-
tonian Library, and in two MSS. in the Bodleian Library.
See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
"Godfrey of Winchester was the fir.st and best of the Anglo-
Norman writ+TS of Latin Terse; in such of his works as are now
extant, he rises more successfully than any other poet of his own
or the succeeding a^e above the barbarisms of medieval style, and
in some of his epigrams he approaches nearly to the purity of
Martial, who was his model." — Btog. Brit. Lit.
Godfrey, Amb. and Johii. Elements of Water^
Lon.. 1747, 4to.
Godfrey, Boyly. 1. Fires, 1724. 2. Experiments,
1757.
Godfrey, C. B. Treat, on V. Disease, 1797, Svo.
Godfrey, Cap!. Johu. Back-swurd, 1747, 4to.
Godfrey, Michael, d. 1695. A Short Account of the
intended Bank of England, Lon., 16'J4, 4to.
"This tract was written by Michael Godfrey, Esq., first Deputy-
Governor of the Bank, and one of the most active coadjutors of
Paterson in its formation." — McCuUoch's Lit. of PnUt. ICcoji.
An interesting account of the manner in which Godfrey
came to his death — at the siege of Namur, in 1695, whilst
on an official visit to King William — will bo found in T. B.
Macaulay's Hist, of England, vnl. iv., just pub. The un-
fortunate Deputy-Governor was a brother of Sir Edmonds-
bury Godfrey,
*' Whose sad mysterious death had, fifteen years before, produced
a terrible outbreak of popular feeling. Michael was one of the
ablest, most upriLiht. and most npnlent of the merchant princes
of London. lie was. as might have been expected from his near
connection with the martyr of the Prdtestant fiiith. a zealous Whig.
Some of his writings are still extant, and prove him to have had a
strong and clear mind." — Macaolay. idn siipi-a.
Godfrey, Robert. Physic, Lon., 1678, '74, Svo.
Godfrey, Robert. Serm. on Acts ii. 47.
Godfrey, Samuel. Bills of Exchange, 1791, Svo.
Godfrey, Thomas. A Kich Storehouse; or. Trea-
sury for the Si(_ke full of Christian Counsailes and Godl^-
Meditation, 1758, Svo.
Godfrey, Thomas, 1736-1763, a son of the inventor
of *'IIadley's Quadrant," was a native of Philadelphia,
whore for some time he was apprentice to a watchmaker.
In 175S he was made lieutenant in the Pennsylvania troops
raised for the expedition against Fort Du Quesne. He was
subsequently employed as a factor in North Carolina, and
also as a supercargo in a voyage to the island of New Pro-
vidence. His tragedy of The Prince of Parthia, which
was offered to a company performing in Phila. in 1759, is
sn(>posed to be the first dramatic work written in America.
The Court of Fancy, a Poem, Phila., 1763, 4to, was evi-
dently written with an eye to Chaucer's House of Fame.
A vol. of his Poems — many of which had already ajipeared
in the American Mag. — was pub. by Godfrey's friend, N.
Evan.-, in 1767, 4to, pp. 224.
Godliiilus. 1. The Book of Knowledge of Things
Unknown, 8vo, 2. The same, with the Husbandman's
Practice and the Shepherd's Prognostication, 1688, 8vo.
"The pi-ognosticationsof the weather from astrologic;il observa-
tions do not now attract any notice, and this book does not con-
tain aijy piactical matter." — Doimli/son's AgricuU. Biog.
Godkiii, James, formerly a R. Catholic. 1. Apos-
tolic Christianity; or, Antidote against Romanism and
Puseyism, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Touchstone of Orthodoxy,
1842," 12mo. 3. Guide to tho Church of Christ; 3d ed.,
1S46. Svo.
Godley, Johu Robert. Letters from Canada and
the United States, Lou., 1S44, 2 vols. p. Svo.
'•The production of a sensible and enlightened traveller, who is
evidently concerned to do justice to the pL-i-pIe whom he describes,
and to fninish useful information." — Lon. E'.'hctic Hf.o.
"• Fnr thi- impartiality which he everywhere exhibits, he deserves
all the riiitil lh:it he claims. Here, then, is at least one English
book of whiih thy Americans cannot reasonably complain.'' — Lan.
AfhaKviim.
'■The farming or emigration prospects and practicabilities of
Canada are what most deeply interest English readers; and they
will find here a good deal of information that bears every mark of
being weli cousideied and judicious." — Tait's Edin. Mug.
Godmau, Johu D., 1794-1830, a native of Annapolis,
Maryland, was in his youth cmydoyed first as a printer,
and subsequently as a sailor in the navy. In 1815 ho
commenced the study of medicine, and attained a high
rank in his profession, especially in the department of
anatomy. He was also distinguished for his knowledge
of natural history and the ancient and modern languages.
After receiving his medical degree, he practised for some
time in Philadelphia and ttther places, and in 1S21 was
appointeil Prof, of Anatomy in the .Medical College of Cin-
cinnati. In 1822 he removed to Phila., and fuur years
later accepted a call to the Professorship of Anatomy in
Rutgers Medical College, New York. Obliged by failing
health to embark on a voyage to the '\Vest Indies, where
he remained for a winter, he settled, on his return, at Ger-
mantown, Penna., where he died of consumption, April
17, 1830.
In addition to his work on American Natural History,
Dr. Godman's principal works are — Anatomical Investi-
gations ; American Natural History, commenced in 1823
and completed in 1S28, pub. in 3 vols. Svo; Acct. of some
Irregularities of Structure and Morbid Anatomy ; Rambles
of a Naturaii^rt; an edit, of Bell's Anatomy, with Notes;
Trans, of Levasseur's Acct. of La Faj'ette's Progress
through tho United States. He pub. many Addresses,
delivered on various public occasions, contributed a
number of articles to the American Quarterly Review
and other periodicals, and wrote tho articles in the Encyc.
Americana to end of the letter C. He established the
Western Quarterly Reporter, projected by Dr. Drake, and
for some time assisted in Dr. Chapman's Medical Journal,
pub. in Philadelphia.
For further particulars we must refer the reader to tho
681
GOD
Mtmoir of Dr. Gorlman, by Thos. Sewall, M.D., Prof, of
Anatomy and Pliydology in the Columbian College,
Washington, D. C, 1S3U ; and a Review, by Dr. Lindsley,
of this Memoir, in the N. Amer. Rev., xl. 87-99. Of God-
man's American Natural History the reviewer remarks:
•' We do not intend to chiini for this work very great merit. In
Buch an enterpiisu. not to have SiiU-d is siitliiieut glory— especially
when undertaken amidst such a uiultiplicitv of other engage-
uicnts. . . . But notwithstanding all the disadvautaires under
Mhi.-hDr. Godman laboured— notwithsfandins the paucity of ma-
terials at his command from which to select, and the limited
period he allotted to himself to prepare and arrange such as he
could procure, he has produced a work which will confer honour
on his industry, judgment and taleuts, and which is undoubt-
edly superior to any previous puldicatiou on the s.ame subject. . . .
■\Ve_ consider Dr. Godman, in some respects, among the most extra-
ordinary men that have adorned the medical protession of our
;ountry.''
Dr. Sewall's Memoir of Dr. Godman has been pub. as a
tract by the American Tract Society, and has also been
appended to the Amer. cd. of Newman Hall's Narrative
of the Closing Scenes of the Life of Dr. Wm. Gordon.
See GouDu.v. Wm., M.D. Both of these distinguished
physicians were zealous professors of the Christian faith,
and died rejoicing in its consolations.
Godman, Wm. Serm. on Eccles. x. 17, 1660, 4to.
Godolphin, John, 1017-1678, an eminent civilian,
a native of Godolphin, in the island of Scilly, was edu-
cated at Gloucester Hall, Oxf ; was constituted Judge of
the Admiralty in 1653. and after the Restoration made
King's Advocate. 1. The Holy Limbec, 1650, fol. 2. The
Holy Harbour; a Body of Divinity, 1651, fol. From these
treatises he is ranked among the Puritan writers. 3. Ad-
miralty Jurisdiction, 1661, Svo; 2d ed., with addits., 16S5.
The same, under the title of Laws, Ordinances, Ac. of the
Admiralty, 1766-67, 2 vols. Svo. See 3 Mason's Rep. 245.
4. The Orphan's Legacy; a Testamentary Abridgt., Lon.,
1674, '77, '85, 1701, 4to. 5. Rcpertorinm Canonicum; or,
An Abridgt. of the Eccles. Laws, 167S, 'SO, "87, 4to.
"Esteemed a learned man, and as well read in divinity as in
his own laculty, as may lie seen in the books following' of his
writing, [see Xos. 1 and 2.}"—Allirii. Oj-nii.
Godolphin, Sydney, 1610-164.'!, a poet, a native of
Cornwall, educated at E.xeter Coll., Oxf., fought in the
King's army during the Rebellion, and was slain at Chag-
ford, Devonshire. He wrote several original poems, and
trans, the Lives of Dido and JJneas from Virgil, 135S. Svo.
" I have known clearness of judgment and largeness of fancy,
strength of reason and graceful elocution; a cour.age for the wfir.
and a fear for the laws; and all enunently in one man; and that
was my most noble and houour'd fiiend Mr. Sydn. Godolphin," &c.
— Hobby's Lrviut/mn.
" Sydn. Godolphin, who deserved all elogy that he gives of
him," Ac— EiRL of Clake.ndon: Bri,-/ Vicwaitd Survci/ of Mobbes's
Leviathan.
" Thou'rt dead. Godolphin, who lov'dst reason true.
Justice and peace; soldier belov'd. adieu!" — IIoBflRS.
See an interesting account of Godolphin in Athen. Oxon.
Godschall, Wm. M. Pl.an of Police, Lon., 17S7, Svo.
God.'tkitll, James. Medicine. Lon., 1604, Svo.
Godson, Kichard, M.P. Law of Patents for Inven-
tions and of Copyright, 2d ed., Lon., 1840, Svo. Supp.,
1844. New supp., by Peter Burke. 1851, Svo.
'• The author was the flrst English writer to publish a methodi-
cal treatise upon this comparatively new departmoit of the law.
He has given a general and accurate analysis of the Cases, and
presented the whole learning upon a subject no less difficult than
import-int, in a very attractive manner."- Jif.irri/i's Lrri. BiU
See I'ref Phil. Pat.
"A clear, comprehensive and useful work.'" — McCulloch's Lit. of
PoHt. i}:int.
Godson, Robert. Astrologia Reformata; or, A Re-
form, of the Pro-nostical i>artof Astrol., Lon.,1696, '97,Svo.
Godwin, Edward. Serms., 1721-29, all Svo.
Godwin, Franci.s, D.D., 1561-1633, a native of Hav-
ington, Northamptonshire, was a son of Thos. Godwin,
Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was educated at Christ
Church, Oxf, and became Rector of Samford, Orcaius,
Preb. of Wilts, and Sub-dean of Esoter ; Bishop of Llan-
daff, 1601: trans, to Hereford, 1617. 1. Concio Lat. in
Luc. v. 3. 1601, 4to. 2. Cat. of the Bishops of England;
from the first, with their lives and actions, Lou., 1601, 4to.
With addits., 1615, 4to. In Latin. 1616, 4to, entitled De
Praesulibus Anglias Commentarius, &c. ; Appendix, &.c. 2,
sheets in 4to, 1621-22. With a Contin. by Dr. Richard-
son, 1743, fol.
" For the writing of which Q. Elizabeth immediately preferr'd
him to the bishopilck of Ll.andall.'"— .l//icn. Oxon.
Wood refers to Godwin's first ed.. 1601, 4to. See Athen.
Oxon. for an account of the subsequent improvements, and
for titles and particulars, of Godwin's other works. It is a
curious fact that the flrst ed. of his catalogue caused Queen
Elizabeth to give him the bishopric of Llaudafl^ and the
GOD
last was rew.arded by King James with the bishopric of
EcFeford. 3. Ann.ales Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII.,
Edward VI., et M.aria Regnantibus, 1616, fob; 1628, 4to.
Trans, by his son, Morgan Godwin, and pub. as Annals of
England, &c., 1630, '76, fol. 4. Nuncius Inanimatus. (or
the Inanimate Messenger,) 1629, Svo; 1657. Trans, by
Dr. Thos. Smith, and pub. with The Man in the Mooii.
This is supposed to have given rise to Bp. Wilkins's Mer-
cury, or Secret and Swift Messenger. Godwin hints at an
art by which messages m.ay bo conveyed m.any miles with
incredible swiftness. 5. Value of the Roman Sesterce, and
Attic Talent, 1630. 6. The Man in the Moon; or, a Dis-
course of a Voyage thither by Domingo Gonzales, written
between 1599 and 1603, [see No. 4,] Perth, 1638, Svo.
Several eds.
" It was translated in French, and became the model of Cyrano
de Bergerac, as he was of Swift. Godwin himself had no prototype,
as far as I know, but Lucian. He resembles those writers in' the
natural and veracious tone of his lies. The fiction is rather inge-
nious and amusing throughout ; but the most remarkable part is
the happy conjectures, if we must say no more, of his philosophy.
Not only docs the writer declare positively for the Copernican sys-
tem, which was uncommon at that time, but he has surpiisinglv
understood the pi inciple of gravitation, it being distinctly supposed
that the earth's attraction diminishes with the distance."— iftii-
lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
7. Life and Reign of Q. Mary of England. See Rennet's
Collections, vol. ii. 329, 1706.
" A person also he was so celebrated by many in his time, whether
at home or beyond the seas, that his memory 'cannot otherwise but
be precious in succeeding ages, for his indefatigable pains and travel
In collecting the succession of all the bishops of England and Wales,
since the flrst planting of the gospel among the Christians not pre-
termitting such of the British church, or any that have been re-
membered by the care and diligence of preceding writers, or had
been kept in memory in any old monument or record."— .d(/t!».
Oxon.
'■The church of LlandafT was much beholding to him; yea. the
whole church of England; ye,% the whole church militant; yea,
many now in the church triumphant had had their memories
utterly lost on earth, if not preserved by his painful endeavours
in his Catalogue of English Bishops."— i^uifer's WoHhits of NorUtr
ampttmshire.
Godwin, George. Facts and Fancies; a Collection
of Tales and Sketches, Lon., 1844, p. Svo.
"A pleasant volume of light reading. Those who are weary of
every-day facts and the conventional fictions of real life, may find
relief and amusement in the F.acts and Fancies of Mr. Godwin."—
Westminster Beview.
Other works.
Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797, a na-
tive of London or its vicinity, was the daughter of a person
who was alternately a tradesman and a farmer, without
much profit from either occupation. There seems to have
been an entire absence of all proper discipline in the house-
hold of this vacillating individual, and to this fact is doubt-
less to be imputed the beginning of many faults exhibited
in Mary's wayward career. After residing for some time
as a companion to a lady at Bath, in 1783, assisted by her
two sisters and a friend, she established a day-school at
Islington; but in a few months removed her seminary to
Newington Green.
A trip to Lisbon interrupted her professional duties, and on
her return she abandoned the school, and accepted the situa-
tion of a governess in the family of Lord Kingsborough,
where she remained until 17S7. In 17S6 she pub. Thoughts
on the Education of Daughters, which was followed by
M,ary, a fiction; Original Stories from Real Life; the Fe-
male Reader; trans, and abridgments of Salzinan's Ele-
ments of Morality, Lavater's Physiognomy, &o.; and some
articles in the Analytical Review. In 1791 she acquired
considerable notoriety by the publication of her Answer
to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution, and her
Vindication of the Rights of Women. She now mixed a
good deal iu literary society, and, unaccustomed to restrain
any feeling which happened to be uppermost, cherished an
attachment for Fuseli, the artist, who was already maiTied
and very properly discouraged the advances of his enthu-
siastic admirer. Disgusted with the world, and perhaps
with herself, Miss Wollstonecraft left England, and in 1792
we find her in France, where she formed an alliance- not
of the most irreproachable character— with Mr. Inilay, an
American. She was now perfectly satisfied, or professed
to be so; but Mr. Imlay was not: he abandoned her to
loneliness, and in her despair she made two attempts upon
her own life. An acquaintance with Mr. William Godwin,
soon to be noticed iu our work, restored her to her former
equanimity ; and this acquaintance— in accordance with the
lady's ideas of the Rights of Women— soon ripened into
relations of the most intimate character, but without the
usual formalities of legal sanction and priestly benediction.
After residing together for about six months, the two
GOD
friends were united Iiy marria;,'o. Mrs. Godwin died in
September, 1797, leaving an infant daugliter, who became
the wife of Percy Bysshe Sbellcy.
In addition to the wurlis noticed ahove, Mrs. Godwin
pub. A Moral and Historical Relation of the French Revo-
lution— one vol. only appeared; — Letters from Sweden,
Norway, and Denmark, 1796; Young Grandison; a trans,
of Necker on the Importance of Religious Opinions. After
her death Mr. Godwin pub. her Miscellanies, Letters, and
an unfinished novel, with a Life of the author, 1798, 4 vols.
12mo, and 1 vol. 8vo.
" Mr. Godwiu wrote and published the Memoirs of Mary Woll-
stonecraft. a work disi-eputaVile to bis name, as well as that of his
wife; she appe;irs to have been grossly irreligious, indelicate, and
dissolute." — Lnn. Grnt. Muff., Juiir, 1836.
Lawrence's Empire of the Nairs; or, the Rights of Wo-
man; an Utopian Romance. 1S1.3, 4 vols. 12mo, adopts the
anti-marriage theory of Mrs. Godwin. Such speculations
would provoke ridicule, were they not too mischievous to
be laughed at.
" No woman (with the exception of the greatest woman, Madame
de Stael) has made any impression on the public mind during the
last fifty years, to be compared with Mrs. Godwin. This was per-
haps more especially true in the provinces, where her new and
startling doctrines were seized with avidity, and acted upon in
some particulars to considerable extent, particularly by married
women. . . . She was, I have been told by an intimate friend, very
pretty and feminine in manners and person; much attached to
those very observances she decries in her works; so th.it if any
gentleman did not fly to open the door as she approached it, or
take up the handkerchief she dropped, she .showered on him the
full weight of reproach and displeasure; an inconsistency she
would have doubtless despised in a disciple. I have heard the
late Miss Jewsbury express an intention of so remodelling the
Rights of Women, that it would uot fail to liecome attractive, and
ehe thought useful." — Communication in Mrs. i^lwood's Literary
Ladies "f Eng.
" He [Coleridge] asked me if I had ever seen Mary Wollstonecraft,
and I said, I had once for a few moments, and that she seemed to
me to turn off' Godwin's objection to something she advanced with
quite a playful, easy air. He replied that ' this w.as only one in-
stance of the ascendency which people of imagination exercised
over those of mere intellect.' lie did not rate Godwin high, (this
was caprice, or prejudice real or affected.) but he had a great idea
of Mrs. Wollstonecraft's powers of conversation ; none at all of her
talent for book-making."— HiZUIT ; My First Acquaintance with
Pods.
Godwin, Morgan,d. 1645, Archdeacon of Shropshire,
a sou of Francis Godwin, D.D., trans., as we have noticed,
his father's Annales. He was ejected by the Parliamentary
Commissioners, and his family reduced to distress.
Godwin, Morgan, son of the preceding, became a
minister of Virginia umler the administration of Sir Wm.
Berkeley. 1. The Negroes' and Indians' Advocate suing
for their admission to the Church, Lon., 16S0, Svo.
2. Supplet., IBsl, Svo. 3. Serm. rel. to the Plantations;
on Jer. ii. 34. 1085, 4to.
Godwin, Parke, b. robru.ary 25, 1816, at Paterson,
New Jersey, is a son of General Godwin, an officer of the
war of 1812, and a grandson of a soldier of the American
Revolution. After graduating at Princeton College in 1S34,
Mr. G. studied law and was admitted to practice, but found a
stronger charm in the cultivation of letters. From 1837 to
1853 he assisted his celebrated father-in-law, William C.
Bryant, in the editorial duties connected with the New York
Evening Post. In Feb. 1843, he commenced the publica-
tion of a weekly periodical entitled The Pathfinder. The
title proved to be a misnomer, for, although admitted to be
admirably conducted, it failed to find the path to public
favour, and, after a brief existence of three months and
fifteen numbers, it expired. Mr. G. has pub. Goethe's Au-
tobiography, trans, and edited; Zschokke's Tales, trans.;
a Popular View of the Doctrines of Fourier; Vala, a
Mythological Tale; Hand-Book of Universal Biography,
compiled from Maunder and other authorities; pub. as one
of the vols, of Putnam's Home Cyelopa.Hlia; Constructive
Democracy; articles in the Democratic Review: on Shel-
ley ; Democracy ; Edward Livingston ; Jeremy Bentham ;
Goethe; Free 'i'rade ; William Leggctt; Political Econo-
my; Wa.shington Irving; Downiug's Landscape Garden-
ing; Carlyle's Chartism ; England and China; Journalism ;
The Loggerheads ; Bryant's Poems; American Poetry, Ac;
also articles in Putnam's Monthly Mag.: on American
Authors; The Works of American Statesmen; Our New
President; Parties and Politics; Annexation; What im-
pression ilo we make abroad? The Pacific Railroad; The
Know Nothings; How they manage in Europe; Comte's
Philosophy; A Few Days in Vienna; From Venice to
Vienna; A Day on the Danube; French Almanacs; A
Letter to John Bull; The Eastern Question, Ac; and most
of the editorial notes.
Mr. Godwin has in preparation (we are glad to state) a
GOD
work on The History of Franco, to which he has devoted
many years, one on the Nineteenth Century, with its Lead-
ing Men and Movements, and a book of Travels, to be en-
titled A Winter Harvest, giving an account of interviews
with a number of Frcn<-h and English political reformers.
Godwin, Ricliard. Religious Zeal, Lon., 1780.
Godwin, Thomas, 1587-1643, a native of Somerset-
shire, entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.. 16U2 ; chief master
of the Free School at Abingdon. 161)9; became Rector of
Brightwell, Berkshire, and resigned his school. 1. Ro-
maniB Historise Anthologia; an Eng. Expos, of the Roman
Antiquities, Oxf., 1613, '23, '25, '33, 4to; Lon., 165S, '68,
'85; 16th ed., 1686, 4to; 1668, '86, 8vo. A valuable work
in its day. 2. Moses and Aaron, or the Civil and Ecclo-
siastical Rites used among the Ancient Hebrews observed
and at large opened for the clearing of many obscure Texts
throughout the whole Scripture, Lon., 1614, 4to ; Oxf.,
1616, '22, '25, '28, 4to ; Lon., 1655, '62, '68. '72; 12th e.l.,
1685, 4to; in Latin, Ultraj., 1690, '98, Svo; Franeker, 1710,
12mo; Francf., 1716, 12mo; Lugd. Bat., 1723, '24, Svo.
"It was also transl.ated into Latin liy Reiz, and published with
his notes in 1679. It was edited in 1094. by the celebrated Wit-
sius. u liN :idded two dissertJitions. one on the theocracy of Israel,
ami ;irii.t!jrr on the Rechabites. Hettinger published it with con-
sid.-rabtu additions and improvements in 1710. Cai-pzov's Appa-
ratus of Hebrew Antiiiuities ['The most elaborate system of Jew-
ish autiiiuities, perhaps, that is extant. — Ilornes Bihl. Bil>.'] is a
learned commentary on it; and Jenning's work on Jewish Anti-
quities is of the same nature. It is, on the whole, a valuable and
accurate work. There is often bound up with it a work on Roman
Antiiuities, by the same writer, and another on Grecian Antiqui-
ties, by Francis Rous, the four la.st chapters of whicti were written
by the learned Zachary BoL'an. The wliole form a useful and not
expensive body of antiquities." — Orme's Bitl. Bib.
Moses and Aaron is recommended by the celebrated
Witsius.
3. Synopsis Antiquitatum Hebraicarum, in iii. lib., Oxon.,
1616, 4to. 4. Florilegium Phr.asioon ; or, A Survey of the
Latin Tongue, for the use of his School. 5. Three Argu-
ments to prove Election upon Foresight by Faith. This
occasioned a controversy with Dr. Wm. Twisse, of New-
bury, Berkshire, in which Godwin is thought to have been
confuted.
"The Presbyterian writers [Geo. Kend.al and Dr. Saml. Clarke]
say that tho' Dr. Godwin was a very learned man in the antiqui-
ties of the Hebrews, Greeks, and Latins, yet he was fitter to in-
struct Grammarians thjin deal with logicians, and bad more
power as master of a school at Abingdon than .as a doctor of divi-
' nity. They further add, also, that Twisse did. by bis writings
and disputes, whip this old schoolmaster, and wrested that ferula
out of bis bands which he had enough used with pride, and ex-
pos"d him to lie derided by boys." — Athen. Oxon.
Godwin, Thomas. 1. Catholics no Idolaters ; against
Dr. StiUingfleefs chiirge of idolatry against the Ch. of
Rome, Lon., 1672, Svo. 2. Discharge to Dr. Stillingfleet's
I charge of Idolatry against the Ch.of Rome, P.aris, 1677. Svo.
Godwin, Timothy, Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh.
1. Serms. on Ps. xcviii. 1. 2. Serms. on Ezek. xvii. 19,
1716, 4to. 3. Serms. on Heb. xiii. 16, 1724, 4to.
Godwin, William, 1756-1836, a native of Wisc-
heach, Ombridgeshire, where his father was a dissenting
minister, was educated at the Dissenting College, Hoxton,
! where ho remained for .above five years, under the tuition
of Doctors Rees and Kippis. In 1778 Godwin became
1 minister to a dissenting congregation near London, and
soon afterwards took charge of a meeting-house at Stow-
market, Suffolk. In 1782 he determined to relinquish the
ministry and seek a livelihood by the use of his pen, and
accordingly he removed to Londi>n as a permanent resi-
dence. For the particulars of his social life, we must
refer the reader to the detailed account pub. in the Lon-
don Gent. Mag. for June, 1836, shortly after his decease.
This account is principally derived from a sketch, bio-
graphical and critical, prefixed to tho novel of Caleb
Williams, pub. in Bentley's Standard Novels. We need
only remark, here, that in 1797 ho became the husband
! of a woman of notoriously bad character — Mary Woll-
stonecraft (see ante) — with whom ho had previously lived
on disreputable terms, and after her death was again
married. He was once principal conductor of the New
Annual Register, for a time a bookseller, frequently a
member of distinguished literary circles, and always a
lover of letters. His few last years were rendered inde-
pendent by an appointment to the sinecure office of Yeo-
man Usher of the Exchequer. He bad considerable abili-
ties, little judgment, and loss wisdom; and in his efforts
for reform lacked that foundation without which all such
attempts are hopeless — a recognition of man's moral de-
pravity, and the necessity of maintaining a constant sense
of strict accountability to his Maker. We proceed to
notice his publications:
683
GOD
1. Sketches of History, in Six Serms., Lon., 1784, 12mo.
2. An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and ita Intiu- i
once on General Virtue and Happiness, 1793, 2 vols. 4to ; i
3d ed., 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. For this work he received £700. j
It at once attracted the public attention, but has long
been neglected,
"No work in our time gave such a blow to the pbilnsophi(\il
iiiiDd of the country as the celebrated Enquiry concernivg Pnhti-
cal Justice. Tom Paine was considered tor the time as a Tom Fool
10 him; Paley an old woman; Edmund Burke a flashy sophist.
Truth, morartruth, it was supposed, had here taken up its abode;
and these were the oracles of thought. 'Throw aside your books
of Chemistry,' said Wordsworth to a young mau, a student in the
Temple, 'and read Godwin on Necessity.'"— -Hac^M's Sjrint of the
Age.
*'This was a bold and astounding piece of writing, a very
master-stroke of levelization. pardonable only as having been con-
ceived in the madness of a distracting period in the history and
affairs of Europe. "VVe are told it became so popular, that the
poorest mechanics were known to club subscriptions for its pur-
chase, and thus was it directed to mine and eat away contentment
from a nation's roots. In a very short time the author himself
.saw he had transgressed the bounds of prudence, and in what
was called a second edition recanted many of the most erroneous
and alarming doctrines of the first" — Biog. AUice in Lon. Gent.
May., June, 1836, 666-670.
"You supped upon Godwin and oysters with Carlisle. Have
you, then, read Godwin with attention? Give me your thoughts
of his book; for. faulty as it is in many parts, there is a mass of
truth iu it that must make every man think. Godwin, as a man,
is very contemptible. I am afraid that most public characters
will ill endure examination in their private lives. ... Do not
despise Godwin too much. ... lie will do good by defending
Atheism in print, because when the arguments are known they
mav be easily and satisfactorily answered." — Robert Soiithe</ to G.
C. Bedford, 1795-96. In another place Southey calls Godwin " the
Goliath of the philosophical Cauaanites."
" Uis Political Justice, with all the extravagance r,f its first
edition, or with all the inconsistencies of its last, is a noble work,
replete with lofty principle and thought, and often leading to the
most striking results by a process of the severest reasoning." — Sir
T. N. T.^lfourd: Lon. New Month. Mag., and in his Orit. and
Miscell. Writings.
"I cannot but consider the author of Political Justice as a
philosophical reasoner of no ordinary stamp or pretensions. That
work, whatever its defects may be, is distinguished by the most
acute and severe logic, and by the utmost boldness of thinking,
founded on a love and conviction of truth.'' — HuzUtt on the Eng-
lish Sovelists.
'■ Whatever may be its mistakes, which we shall be the last to
underrate, it is certain that works in which errors eijually dan-
gerous are maintained with far less ingenuity, have obtained for
their authors a conspicuous place in the philosophical history of
the eighteenth century." — Sir James Mackintosh : Eiii?i. Jicv., 48S,
and in his 3tisc. Works.
" Seldom has so buld, powerful and collected a thinker investi-
gated questions of this nature. His Inquiry is scarcely tinged
with the atmosphere of ordinary life. He takes up the subject
like a new-comer to our planet, unswayed either by habit or asso-
ciation. His work may be described as the application of intellect
to life. The result way, that he proved that reason is not the only
guide, and, in doing this, he fulfilled a vast though negative ser-
vice; besides incidentally contributing new impul.se and informa-
tion to the cause of individual culture and social progress."' — II. T.
Tvckerman: Characteristits of Literature : The Reformer : Godwin.
"The influence nf the work I can myself remember. In any
ordinary state of the woi-ld it must have fallen lifeless from the
press; highly metaphysical, continually running into general ab-
stractions, into disquisitions, never ending still beginning, no-
thing was ever less fitted to attract a reader than this repulsive
Inquiry concerning Political Justice; and if the state had not
been out of joint, most assuredly scarce a reader would have been
found. Some years after, when the success of the work had been
estiiblished. Mr. Burke was asked whether he had seen it. ' Why.
yes, I have seen it,' was the answer, 'and a mighty stupid-looking
book it is.' No two words could better have described it. The
late excellent Sir Samuel Komilly. who had then leisure to read
every thing, told a friend who had never heard of it. that there
had just appeared a book, by far the most absurd that had ever
come within his knowledge, (this was the work of Godwin;! and
sirs. Barbauld. who at length, by the progress of its doctrines,
was compelled to look at it, declared, that what was good in thi^
book was chiefly taken from Hume; and that it was 'borrowed
sense, and original nonsense.' ... It is no longer possible, I
think, to read the book: the world is now in a more settled state,
and people no longer make " inquiries concerning political justice,
and its influence on morals and happiness,' according to the title
of his book. I will therefore endeavour to give you some general
notion of the leading principles of the work, in the most concise
manner I am able.
" This sentence was written many years ago. like the rest of the
lectures I am now delivering; but, as I mentioned in my intro-
ductory lecture to this course. I have lived to see all the doctrines
of Godwin revived. They are the .'^me as those which now infest
the world and disgrace the human understanding, delivered by
Mr. Owen, by the Chartists, the St. Simonians, Ac. Ac, and by
many other "political theorists, in these kingdoms, in France, on
the continent, and the ' Workees.' as they call themselves, in
America. . . . Books like Mr. Godwin's fand I have therefore
called your attention to his work, merely as a specimen of all
other revolutionary works and reasonings) have a fatal tendency
to animate and exasperate men of .'^nguine and benevolent
minds with talse ideas of the perfectibility of human nature, and
erroneous estimates of the evils they see existing ; they create in
6S4
GOD
them a hasty, unreasonable impatience and scorn for the more
bumble and unassuming principles upon which those who would
melittiate the condition of their fellow-creatures mnat proceed;
they prepare tbe way for the appearance and success of daring
and bad men ; of revolutionists of the worst description ; and while
they profess to further the great cause of liberty, and the improve-
ment of mankind, they bring into suspicion and contempt some
of the noblest and best virtues of the human character; they
make patriotism useless, and benevolence ridiculous.'' — Prof.
Smyth's Lccts. on the Hist, of the French Revi'lution. See Green's
Examination of Godwin's Political Justice. &c., Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Sir Walter Scott, who had the same difficulty in ''sparing
or passing by a. jest," when writing, that Lord Bacon had
when speaking, thus pleasantly rallies Godw n upon the
maxims of property contained in bis Political Justice.
The remark occurs in Scott's review of Godwin's Life of
Chaucer, and refers to the biographer's complaint that tbe
owners of libraries refused to lend him the books which
he required for consultation :
"We cannot help remarking that the principles of a modern
philosopher continue to charm the public after the good man him-
self has .ibandoned them ; just as the very truest tale will some-
times be distrusted from the habitual falsehood of tbe narrator.
We fear this may have incommoded Mr. Godwin in his antiquarian
researches, more than he seems to be aware of. 'When he com-
plains that private collectors decline 'to part with their treasures
for a short time out of their own hands,' did it never occur to Mr.
Godwin that the maxims concerning property, contained in his
Political Justice, were not altogether calculated to conciliate confi-
dence in the author!'" — Edm. Rev., iii. >i37-452.
3. Things as they are, or the Adventures of Caleb
Williams; a Novel, 1794,3 vols. 12rao; 1796, 3 vols. 12mo;
1816, 3 vols. 12moj 1832, 12mo; 1S49, 12moi 1854, f p. 8vo.
This work has also a political tendency:
"A general review of the modes of domestic despotism, by which
mau ^comes the destroyer of man."
The author received for it the small sum of £S4.
"A master-piece, both as to invention and execution. The ro-
mantic and chivalrous principle of the love of personal fame is
embodied in the finest possible manner in the character of Falk-
land; as in Caleb Williams, (who is not tbe first, but the second
character in the piece.) we see the very demon of curiosity personi-
fied. Perhaps the art with which these two characters are con-
trived to relieve and set off each other has never been surpassed
in any work of fiction, with the exception of the immortal satire
of Cervantes."— i/(r--/t/rs Spirit of the Age.
"There is not a im-nient's p;iuse in the action or sentiment: the
breath is suspended, tbe tiiiulties are wound up to the highest
pitch as we read. Page after page is greedily devoured. There is
no laying down the book till we come to the end, and even then
the words .still ring in our ears, nor do the mental apparitions ever
pass away from the eye of memory." — Edin. Rev.
"Caleb Williams, the earliest, is also the most popular, of our
author's romances, not because his latter works have been less
rich iu sentiment aud passion, but because they are, for the most
part, contined to the development of single characters; while in
this there is the nppn.sition and death-grapple of two beings, each
endowed with poignant sensibilities and quenchless energy. There
is no work of tictiun which more rivets tbe attention — no tragedy
which exhibits a struggle more sublime or sufferings more in-
tense than this ; yet to produce tbe elTect, no complicated machinery
is employed, but the springs of action are tew and simple. The
motives are at once common and elevated, and are purely intel-
lectual, without appearing for an instant inadequate to their
mighty issues," — Sir T. N. Talfoubd: New Month. Mag., aiid in
his Grit, and Mi&cdl. M'l itinga.
Mr. Gilfillan also commends Caleb Williams in the
most eulogistic terms, and is taken to task for his enthu-
siasm by Mr. De Quincey, who remarks :
"It happens, however, that other men of talent have raised
Caleb Williams to a station in the first rank of novels: whilst
many more, amongst whom I am compelled to class myself, can
see in it no merit of any kind."
Read this article, which is suflBciently amusing, in De
Quincey's Essays on the Poets and other English Writers.
" Few there are who do not enter into and understand the work-
ings of the mind of Caleb "Williams, where the demon uf curiosity,
finding a youth of an active and speculative disposition, without
guiJe to advise, or business to occupy him, engages his thoughti;
and bis time ujion the task of prying into a mystery which noway
concerned him. and which from the beginning he had a well-
founded conviction might prove fatal to him should he ever pene-
trate it. The chivalrous frenzy of Falkland, in the same piece,
though perhaps awkwardly united with the character of an assas-
sin, that love of fame to which he sacrifices honour and virtue, is
another instance of a humour, or turn of mind, which, like stained
glass, colours with its own peculiar tinge every object beheld by
the party." — Sir W.vlter Scott: Blackwood's Mifi., x\. b^.
"Caleb Williams is the cream of his mind, the rest are the
skimmed milk : yet in that wondrous novel all must be ofi'ended
with the unnatural and improbable character of Falkland; the
most accomplished, the most heroiial and lofty-minded of men
murders one who liad affronted him. allows others to hang for the
deed, and persecutes to the brink of ruin a man whose sole sin
was a desire to penetrate through the mysteiy in which this pro-
digy of vice and virtue had wrapped himself. Williams suffers
merely because it was necessary for the story that he should; a
single word would have set all right and saved him from much
unnatural terror. In short, the fault is, that the actions which
the dramiitis prrsonxr perform are not in l^eeping with their cha-
racters."— Allan Cunningham : Biog, and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of
tlte. last Fifty Years. See ^'o. 18.
GOD
"Caleb 'Williams is prohiiblv the finest novel produix'd by a '
man,— at least since the Vicar'of Wakefield. Tha seutimeuts, if
not the opinions, fiom whirh it arose, were transient. Local
usages and institutiuns were the subjects of its satire, exaggerated
beyond the u.su;il privile^'e of that sjiL-cies of writing. Yet it has
beon translated into mnst I;ingua,L:es. and it has appeared in va-
rious forms ou the theati.s not uiily of England, but of France
and Germany. There is scarcely a Continental circulating; Hlirary
in which it is not one of the books which most quickly rciiiire to
be replaced. . . . There is scarcely a fiction in any lani;u;i^f wbiih
it is so difficult to lay down. . . . The passaj;es which betiay the
metaphysician more than the novelist oui^ht to be weeded out
with more than ordinary care."— Sm James Mackintosh: Ikdn.
JUcv., XXV. 4.S5-486. and in his Mv^cell. Wi-itiiigs.
4. Cur&ory Strictures ou the Charge delivered by Lord
Chief-Justice Eyre to tbe Grand Jury, Oct. 2, 1794. Svo.
This refers tu the trial of Holcroft, Theiwall, and other
woiild-lie political reformers, who were tried for high trea-
son. Godwin's pamphlet is thought to have secured their
acquittal. See No. 11. 5. The Enquirer: Reflections on
Education, Manners and Literature, in a series of Essays,
1797, Svo; 1823, 12ino. 6. Memoirs of Mary AVollstone-
craft Godwin. 1798, Svo. 7. Her Posthumous Works,
1798, 4 vols. 12mo. See our article on this person, and
see No. 11 in this biography. 8. St. Leon ; a Tale of the
16th century, 1799,4 vols. i2mo: 1S32, 12mo; 1849, 12mo.
This title was much ridiculed, and a humorous counter-
part to St, Leon was pub. uuder the name of St. Godwin :
a Tale of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century, by Count Regi-
nald de St. Leon, 180U, 12mo. But Mr. Godwin had the
laugh on his side, for he received 400 guineas for bis copy-
right.
"In St. Leon Mr. Godwin h.is sou?;ht the stores of the super-
natural ; — but the ' metaphysical aid' which he has condescended
to accept, is not adapted to carry him farther from nature, but to
ensure a more intimate and wide commuuion with its mysteries.
His hero does not acquire the philosophei's stone and the elixir
of immortality to furnish out for himself a dainty solitude, where
lie may dwell, soothed with the music of his own undyint;
thoughts, and rejoicing in his severance from his frail and transi-
tory fellows." — Sir T. N. Talfocrd : Ativ Munth. Mwj., and in his
Cnt. and MisctU. Wrilivgs.
"After Caleb M'illiams. it would be injustice to Mr. Godwin to
mention St. Leon, where the marvellous is employed too fre-
quently to excite wonder, and the terrible is introduced till we
have become familiar with terror. The description of Bethlem
Gabor, however, recalled to our mind the author of Caleb Wil-
liams; nor. upon the whole, was the romance such as could have
been written bv quite an ordiuarv pen." — t/lin. Bev-, vi. 182. See
No. 18.
9. Antonio, or The Soldier's Return; a Tragedy, Lon..
1801, Svo.
"A miracle of dulness." — Sir T. N. Talfourd.
And so tbe audience thought; for, after being bored be-
yond endurance, human nature gave way, and they hooted
the actors from the stage, in the presence of the unhappy
author. Talfourd gives an amusing account of the equa-
nimity displayed by Godwin on this trying occasion.
10. Thoughts on Dr. Parr's Spital Serin., 1802, Svo.
"A chner though disordered composition.'' — Lon. Gent. Mag.,
June, is:;ti.
11. The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ac., 1S03, 2 vols, 4to ;
2d ed., 1S04, 4 vols. Svo. We have already referred to this
work, both in the present article and in our life of Chaucer, I
but cannot let it pass without adding a few lines. |
*'In his Life of Mary Wollstonecraft he has written little and
said much; and in his account of Chaucer, he has wiitten much
and said little. ... It has been said that a spoonful of truth will
colour an ocean of fiction; and so it is seen in Godwin's Life of
Chaucer: he heaps conjecture upon conjecture — dre.imupon dream
— theory upou theory; scatters learninj^; all around, and shows
everywhere a deep sense of the merits of the poet; yet all that he
has related niitrht have been told in a twentieth part of the space
which he has taken."— Allan Cunni-nouam: Biog. and Crit. Hist.
of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
^'Theperus;il of this title excited no small surprise in our critical
fraternil-y. The authenticated passages of Chaucer's life may be
comprised in half a dozen pages; and behold two voluminous quar-
tos! . . . We have said that Mr. Godwin had two modes of wire-
drawing and prolonfiing his narrative. The first is, as we have
seen, by hooking in the description and history of every thing
that existed upon earth at the .sjime time with Chaucer. In this
kind of ctjmpnsition. we usually lose si^iht entirely of the proposed
subject of ;Mr. Godwin's lucubnitions. travelling to Kome or Pales-
tine with as little remorse as if poor Chaucer had never been men-
tioned in the title-page. The second mode is considerably more
ingenious, and consists in making eld Geoffrey accompany the
author upon these striking excursions. For example, Mr. Godwin
has a fancy to describe a judicial trial. Nothing can be more easily
introduced: for Chaucer certainly studied at the Temple, and is
supposed to have been bred to the bar." — Sir Walter Scott: Edin.
liev., iii. 437—152.
Read the whole of this amusing review, which is redo-
lent of that exquisite humour in which the great magician
was certainly never surjiassed.
*' Ills Life of Chaucer would have civen celebrity to any man of
lotfeis possessed of three thousand a year, with lei«i!re to write
quartos: a-s the legal acutcucss in his lieiuut:!cs on Jtulge Kyte's
GOD
Charge tn the Jury would have raised any briefless barrister to the
height of his profession." — Huzlttt's Spirit of the Age.
The Life of Chaucer should by no means be neglected
on account of its bulk, which jterhaps the enthusiastic
student of early English history would not have curtailed
by a single page. This kind of clc^ultory gossip is no
ignoble treat for a long wiuter'.s evening.
12. Fleetwood, or the Kew Man of Feeling; a Novel,
1805, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849. 12mo.
'• There is. perhaps, little f;eneral sympathy with the over-strained
delicacies of Fleetwood, who. like Falkland in the School for Scan-
dal, is too extravagant in his peculiarities to deserve the reader's
pity."_Sm Walter Scott: Blaclivood's M"g-. xx. 53.
" In short, the New Man of Feelinj,', in his calm moments a de-
termined egotist, is. in his state of irritation, a fiantic madman,
who plays on a barrel-or^'an at a puppet-show, till he and the
wooden druviatis pcrsmce are all possessed by the foul fiend Flib-
bertigibbet, who presides over mopping and mou>i7tg."—JCUin. Bev.,
\i. lS-2-193.
" Fleetwood has less of our author's characteristic energy than
any other of his works.''— Sir T. N. Talfourd: Neio Month. Mag.,
ati'd Crit. and Mii.<xll. Writings.
i;3. Faulkner; a Tragedy, 1807, '08, Svo. This met with
the same fate as Antonio had experienced; see No. 9.
14. An Essay on Sepulchres; or, a Proposal for erecting
some Memorials of the Illustrious Dead in all ages, on the
spot where their remains have been interred, 1809, cr. Svo.
"Of all Mr. Godwin's writings the choicest in point of style is a
little essay on Sepulchres. Ilere his philosophic thou;^ht, sub-
dued and sweetened by the contemplation of mortality, is breathed
forth in the gentlest tone."— Siu T. N. Talfourd: Jfew Month.
Mag , and in his Crit. and Misctil. Writings.
15. The Life of the Earl of Chatham. See an amusing
anecdote connected with this volume in Hazlitt's Spirit of
the Age, article Willi.ui Godwin. 16. The Lives of Ed-
ward and John Phillip;^, nephews and pupils of John
Milton, Ac, 1S15, 4to.
'■This work is written in a pleasing style, and is a valuable ac-
cession to literary history."' — Lon. Gent. Mag., JioWy 183ti.
"It cannot be denied that great acuteuess is shown in assem-
bling and weighing all the very minute circumstances from which
their history must often be rather conjectured than inferred. It
may appe^ir singular that we, in this speculative part of the island,
should consider the digressions from biography, and the passages
of general Rpeculatiou,~lis the part of the w(;rk which might, with
the greatest advantage, be retreuched. But they are certainly
episodes too large for the action, and have sometimes the air of
openings of chapters in an intended history of England. These
two faults, of digressions too expanded, and details too minute,
are the principal defects of the volume; which must be considered
hereafter as a necessary part of all collections respecting the biogra-
phy of Milton."— Sir James M.\CELiNTOsa: £din.Iicv., xxv. 485-501,
and in his Miscdl. Works.
17. Letters of Vera.\ to the Morning Chronicle, on the
assumed grounds of the present War, 1S15. 18. Mande-
ville: a Tale of the 17tb century, Edin., 1817, 3 vols. 12mo.
This work was written in accordance with a contract made
with Constable, the bookseller, in 181(3, when Godwin paid
a visit to Edinburgh.
'■ Maudeville has all the power of its author's earliest writings,
but its main subject — the de^ elopment of an engrossing and mad-
dening hatred — is not one which can excite human sympathy.
There is, however, a bright relief to the gloom of the picture, iu
the angelic disposition of Clifford, and the sparkling loveliness of
Henrietta, who appears 'full of life, and splendour, and joy." —
Sir T. N. Talfourd: New Month. Mag., and Crit. and Miscell. Wriir
ings.
■■ Ilis St. Leon and his JIandeville are ten degrees darker than
his Falkland : iu the latter, there are many ties to connect us with
truth and nature, and we go on — as the sailors keep by a sinking
vessel— in the hope that all must be righted soon. Maudeville is
one of those unhappy persons whose minds are never so free from
the storms of passion as to be fully rational, and yet cannot, save
in fits of fury, be considered wholly mad." — Allan Cunninguam :
Bif>g. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
'■ This is. in our opinion, a very dull novel and a very clever
book. . . . We are therefore obliged to pronounce this work intoler-
ably tedious and disgusting, though its author has proved himself
intimately skilled in the perversity of the human mind, and in all
the blackest and most horrible passions of the human breast." —
Ijon. Qiiar. Eev., xviii. 176-177.
"The language of Maudeville is throughout nervous and manly.
It has indeed many affectations; but these, as has always been the
case in the writings of Godwin, vanish whenever he grapples with
vioknt emotions. He is at home in the very whirlwind of terrors,
and seems to breathe with the greatest freedom in the most tem-
pest uuus atmosphere." — Blackwood's Mag., ii. 26S-279.
" Like his other novels, it contains an important lesson, forcibly
inculcated — it shows theforlornnessandmisery of a jealous, sullen,
aspiring mind, that makes great claims on the world, without pro-
per efforts to justify or enforce them."^W. Phillips: N. Avier.
Rev., vii. <r2-105.
"The announcement of a new work of fiction by the author of
Caleb Williams was enough to send the reading world distraught ;
but Maudeville did not answer its expectations, and is much in-
ferior to his former efforts." — Lrm. Gent. Mag.. June, 1836.
19. On Population; being an Enquiry concerning the
Power of Increase in the Numbers of Mankind, Lon.,
1820, Svo. This was in answer to the celebrated theory
of population propounded by Malthas. See this work
£89
GOD
GOL
noticed, and dissertations on the respective theories of
Godwin and Malthus, in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvi. 148;
Edin, Rev., xxxv. 362. See also notices of Godwin's work
in the Edin. Month. Rev., v. 535 ; Lon. M<inth. Rev., xciv.
113. 20. History of the Commouwealth of England from
the Commencement to the Restoration of Charles II., 1S2-4,
'25, '26, '27, '28, 4 vols. 8vo.
" During the progress of this history the author has derived an
invaluable accession of authorities fi-om the records of the proceed-
ings of the Long Parliament, which, owing to the re searches of Mr.
Lemon, have been recently discovered in the State Paper Office.
These documents, and the coUtction of Commonwealth Tmcts
Ziveu by George III. to the British JIuseum, have enabled Mr.
^lodwin to throw much new light upon the general history of the
time, and especially to clear up certain mysterious and controverted
points connected with the early transactions of the regicides." —
Official advertisement at the tivie of publication.
*' We cannot take leave of Mr. Godwin without expressing our
gratitude to him for the new and correct lights he has thrown
upon a page of history hitherto too much blotted by malice, and
blurred and garbled by hostility. We rise from such a work with
thoughts and feeliuf^'s instructed and refined — instructed by its
correct views and laborious research, and retined by the proofs it
exhibits of the suavity and temperance, as well as uubeuding jus-
tice and principle, of the writer." — Lon. Critical Gazettf..
So much for one side of the picture: now for the other:
"The pains and extensive reseaich evidently bestowed in the
construction of these volumes, might have placed Godwin's name
high as an historian of his country, had they not been tinged with
a partial and democratic colouring, which must ever detract from
the character and value of his work." — Lon. Gait. Mag., June, 1S36.
We are almost inclined to suspect some difference of
polities between the two last quoted authorities.
But, whatever may be thought of Mr. Godwin's politics,
his research and excellence of arrangement have elicited
the following commendation from one of the most eminent
of living critics:
" In the original ordinance the members of both houses were
excluded during the war; but in the second, which was carried,
the measure was not made pi-ospective. This, which most histo-
rians have overlooked, is well pointed out by Mr. Godwin." — Hal-
lam's Conatitutifmal Hist, of Eug., 7th ed.. 1S54, p. 181, n.
"■ Mr. Godwin's History of the Commouwealth, a work in which
great attention has been paid to the order of time." — Ibid., p. 196, n.
" Mr. Godwin has published a work which must be considered as
the defence of the Republican party. ... It should by all means
be read; it is always interestinp, and sometimes contains anecdotes
and passages that are curious and striking; — Godwin is always a
powerful writer; — and, above all, it is the statement of the case of
the Kepublicans. But. on the whole, in these volumes of Godwin
there is no sufficient instruction given of the religious hypocrisy
aud cant of the Presbyterians first, or of the Independents and
Cromwell afterwards. The history is an eflort in favour of the
Republicans of those times, founded on the paramount merit of a
republic at all times. It is also very nearly a panegyric of Crom-
well— certainly so as far as regard for the Kepublicans admitted."
— Prof. Smyth's Lectures on M<kI. Hist.
"It is a political counterpart of that of Lord Clarendon; for the
writer was of the radical school of politics, and of the atheistic
school of philosophy." — Chancellor Kent.
"This work is a solid proof of great endowments and abilities,
and throws new light upon a most interesting period of our na-
tional annals." — Lon. Lit. Gazette.
21. Cloudesley; a Novel, 1830, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
" Cloudesley is better written than Caleb Williams. The expres-
sion is everywhere terse, vigorous, and elegant^a polished min-or
without a wrinkle." — Edin. Jiev.
"A dull though clever novel." — Lon. Gent. Mag.. 1S36.
"The new novel of Cloudesley, by this celebrated writer, is ad-
mitted to be worthy of his genius." — Lon. Clu-rmicle.
" A work of genius, which will be read by all who possess genius,
or respect it in others."' — Scotsman.
22. Thoughts on Man; his Nature, Productions, and
Discoveries. Interspersed with some Particulars respect-
ing the Author, 1831, 8vo.
"The results of the thirty years' meditations of the Author of
the Inquiry into Political Justice are well entitled to consideration.
Sound reason and humane principles form the essence of this ex-
cellent volume: which, being the production of a thinking man,
will be a fountain for thoughts in all his readers." — Lon. Lit. Gaz.
" .\ series of essays in the style and manner of his earlier works
^full as irreverent and almost equally as noxiuus; like the ser-
pent, venomous, but enticiug."^ion. Gent. Mag., JnnCy 1836.
23. Lives of the Necromancers, 1834, Svo.
"With every disposition to speak favourably of this production,
■we must acknowledge that an authentic histoiy of Necromancy,
and a faithful biography of its votaries, still remain a desideratum
in our literature. A writer of patient research, and possessed of a
competent knowledge of physics and chemistry, is alone capable
of doing justice to the subject. ... On the first "perusal of Mr. God-
win's volume, we were disposed to quarrel with him on accoimt
of its irreligious character. It is enough, hov^ever, to have guarded
our young readers against the snare which is laid for them. Reli-
gion is founded on too secure a basis to be thus shaken; and we
might as well assail the truths of modern science bv charging
some of its votaries with the follies of Animal Magnetism, as
attempt to discredit Christianity becau>-e some of its pi-ofessors
believed in sorcery and practised magic." — Edin. Rev.. Ix. 37-54.
The Lives of the Necromancers was Mr. Godwin's last
production. In nddition to the twenty-three works which
have corae under our notice, he also wrote a number of
minor educational and other juvenile works, when a book-
o'eilor, — about 1804, and the few following years, — under
the assumed name of Edward Baldwin. Mr. Godwin was,
indeed, a voluminous author, and it is a sad reflection, that
of one so capable of benefiting the world by his talents,
the condemnatory verdict should be recorded that,
" In weighing well his merits with his moral imperfections, it is
melancholy to discover how far the latter preponderated, aud we
are led to the very painful though certain conclusion, that it might
have been better for mankind had he never existed. . . . Eccentric
notions are alluring, and the wildest theories are too often mis-
taken for the grandest and the deepest. The opinions maintained
by Mr. Godwin, on the existing state of society aud actions of
mankind, are sour and uuhealthy. Pride was the basis and the
root of his philosophy. ... As a novelist Mr. Godwin is to all in-
tents original; he has taken no model, but has been himself a
model to the million. lie heads that voluminous class of writers
whose chief, nay whose only, aim is to excite the painful sensibili-
ties by displaying, in a rigid depth of colouring, the darkest and
the blackest passions which corrupt mankind. But his novels
have not the moral effect of Hogarth's pictures, which reform vice
by holding it to view; they rather contaminate the young and
eager, by familiarising them with scenes and characters which it
would be better that they never knew even in works of fiction,
however artfully glossed over." — L<>n. Geld. Mag., June. 1836.
GodAVin, William, Jr., d. of cholera in 1832, only
child of the preceding by his second wife, was a parlia-
mentary reporter, and contributed a number of papers to
the periodicals of the day. He left in MS. a novel pub.
by his father in 3 vols. p. Svo, entitled Transfusion.
" It partakes of the family wildness and irregularity of genius.''
— Lon. Gt:nt. Mag.. June, 1836.
Goerilig, Jacob, Lutheran minister at York, Pa.
Besiegter Wiedertaufer, 178.'i, Svo. Answer to a Method-
ist's Remonstrance, York. Der Verkappte Priester Aaron,
(iiber die Siebentager:) pub. about 1790.
Gotf, Goflfe, or Goiigh, Thomas, 1592?-1629, a
native of Essex, educated at Westminster and Christ
Church, Oxf., preferred to the living of East Clandon,
Surrey, 1629. 1,2. Latin Orations. 1622, *27. Serm., 1627,
4to. 3. Raging Turk; a Trag., 1656, Svo. 4. Courageous
Turk, 1656, Svo. 5. Tragedie of Orestes, 1656, Svo.
6. Careless Shepherdess ; a Tragi-Com., with an alphabetical
cat. of all such Plays that were ever printed, 1656, 4to.
This cat. is incorrect. 7. Cupid's Whirligig; a Com.
Ascribed to him, without much probability of truth, by
Phillips and Winstanley. It has been supposed that he
trans. The Bastard, a Tragedy; and Wood and Langbaine
both give him Selimus, which was printed when Goff was
but two years old.
"Goff's tragedies are full of ridiculous bombast; his comedies are
not without merit.'"— GiFFOFP.
His melancholy fate is a warning to all bachelors:
" Taking to wife a meer Xantippe, the widow of his predecessor,
notwithstanding he had always before professed himself an enemy
to the female sex, and was esteemed by many another Joseph
Swetuam. he was so much overtop'd by her and her children
which she had by her former husband, that, his life being much
shortened thereby, he died at length in a manner heart-broken."
— Atfien. Oxon.
Joseph Swetnam, who was distinguished by the not very
amiable title of the Woman-hater, will claim a place in
another part of our volume.
Golborue, John* See Brindley, James.
Golburiie, Johu. 1. Trans, of Voyon's Cat. of
Doctors of God's Church, Lon.. 1598, 16mo.* 2. Trans, of
Two Theolog. Treatises by Valera, 1600, 4to. 3. Trans,
of an Act ofDispute, «fec.,*1602, fol.
Gold, F, 1. Trans, of Remand's Travels in the
Pyrenees. Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. Trans, of Biehat's Re-
cherches Physiologiques, 1815, Svo.
Golden," Wm. Poems, 1791, 1802.
Goldesborough, GoUlshorou^rh, or Gonlds-
boron§;h, John. Reports in all the Courts of West-
minster, 1586-1602 ; with Notes by "W. S., 1653, '75, '82, 4to.
"For thy further satisfaction know, that thou hast here not a
spurious deformed brat, falsely fathered upon the name of a dead
man, too usuall a trick, played by the subtile gamesters of this
serpentine age ; but thou hast presented to thee, though I cannot
say the issue of learned Gouldsborough's own brain, yet, I dare
say, the work of his own hand : and that which, were be living,
he would not blush to own." — Preface.
"Godbolt, (^oldsborough and March; mean reporters; but not
to be rejected." — Nartli's Stu. Law. 24.
Brownlow's Reports contains a number of Cases reported
by J. Goldesborough, but the entire collection of cases will
be found in the above work. See Brownlow, Richard.
Goldicnlt, John. 1. Antiq. of Sicily, from Draw-
ings by J. C, 1819, fol. 2. Decorations from Pompeii,
1826, imp. Svo and 4to.
Goldie, George, I748-1S04, a minister of the Ch. of
Scotland, had charge of the Church of Athelstancford for
twenty-six yenrs. Serms. ; with Life, Edin., 1S05. Svo.
Goldie, John. 1. Gospel Recovered, 1779-84, 6 vols.
GOIi
GOL
Pro. 2. Evidences of a Deity, 1S09. Upon the publica-
tion of these Essays, Burns, the poet, addressed an Epistle
to tlie author.
Goldiug, Arthur, a poet and translator, of the 16th
century, a native of London, was patronized by Sir Philip
Sidney, secretary to Lord Cobham and other leading cha-
racters of the day. He completed a trans, of Mornay's
Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, commenced by Sir
Philip Sidney ; and made translations from Calvin, Chy-
trseus, Beza, Marlorat, Heraingius, Justin, Caesar, Ac. His
best-known trans, is that of Ovid's Metamorphoses; The
fyrst fower bookes. 1565 ; The XV. Bookes, 1575, '87, 1603,
'12 ; all in black letter, 4to.
"His style is poetical and spirited, and his versification clear;
his manner ornamented and diffuse, yet with a sufficiLmt obser-
vance of the original. On the whole. I think him a better poet
than Phaier. . . . Ovid's Metamorphoses, just translated by Gold-
iog. to instance no further, disclosed a new world of fiction, even
to the illiterate. ... I think his only ci-i^'inal work is an account
of an Earthi]uake in 16S0, [pub. 1580, 8vo.] Of his original poetry
I recollect nothing more th.in an encomiastic copy of verses pre-
fixed to IJaret's Alveare, published in 1580. It may be regretted
that he gave so much time to translations." — Warton's Hist, of
Eng. Poet.
His trans, of Beza's drama of Abraham's Sacrifice,
1577. ISmo, has given him a place in the Biog. Dramat.
" Golding's Translation of Ovid's Metamorpho.ses is a good one,
considering the time when it wa.*» written. It is in Alexandrine
verse, as well as Phaer's Virgil." — Ali^s.^nder Pope : Spencers Anec-
dotes.
An ancient critic ranks Richard Edwards with Phaer,
Haywood, Nevile, Googe, and our author. Guiding: —
*' With him also, as seemeth me,
Our Edwards may compare;
Who nothying gyuing place to him
Doth syt in egall chayre."
T.B.^s Brcommendatory I^)€m, prefixed tw John Studley's English
version of Seneca's Agamemnon, printed in 1566. See Warton's
Eng. Poet. : Phillips's Theat. Poet.; liiljl. Brit.
Puttenham, in his Arte of English Poesie, in his criti-
cisms on contemporary English poets, commends
"Phaer and Onlding for a learned and well-connected verse,
specially in f laiislation. clear, and very faithfully answering their
author's intent."
"The trinslitions of ancient poets by Phaer. Golding, Steny-
hurst, and s./veral more, do not challenge our attention ; most of
them, in fact, being very wretched performances." — Uallam's Lit.
Hist, of Europe.
Golding thus feelingly complains of the innovations
which were changing the character of the English tongue
in his day :
'* (lur English tongue is driven almost out of kind,
Di.'^meuiher'd. hack'd, maim'd, rent, and torn,
Defaced, p.atch'd, marr'd, and made in scorn."
Golding, P* Sleydane's Epitome of Froissard, Lon.,
1603. '08, 4to.
'■ In no estimation." — Nicolson.
It is, however, well to have it in a Shaksperian collec-
tion.
Golding, Widdows. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797.
Goldiugham, B. See next article, and references
there cited.
Goldingham, Henry. 1. Queen Elizabeth's Pro-
gress to Norwich; a Masque, Lon., 157S, 4to. 2. Garden
Plot; an Allegorical Poem, and a reprint of his Masque.
39 copies printed for the Roxburghe Club, 1825, 4to. See
this work; also Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry; Ritson's
Bibl. Poet. ; Stcevens's Shaksp.
Goldisboroiigh, John. Almanack, Lon., 1C62, 8vo.
Goldney, Edward, Sr. 1. Friendly Epist. to the
Jew?, Kfil, 8vo. 2. Epistle to the Deists, 1761, 8vo.
Goldsborough, Charles W. United States Naval
Chronicle, Washington, 1824, vol. i,, pp. 395.
'•A valuable repository of historical facts and ofiRcial state-
ments."— iV. Amer. liev.^ sxi. 1-19.
Goidsmid, Anna M. 1. Trans, from the German
of Br. G. Salomon's 12 serms. delivered in the New Tem-
ple of the Israelites at Hamburg, &c., Lon., 1839, 8vo.
"Many of them will be found available for per.=;t»us of every
religious denomination and sect." — Translator's Frrfnre.
2. Trans, from the German of Dr. Ludwig Philippsohn's
Development of the Religious Idea in Judaism, Chris-
tianity, and Mohammedanism : Considered in 12 Lects. on
the Hist, and Purport of Judaism, Lon., 1855. 8vo. pp. 278.
These lectures were delivered at Magdeburg in 1847. The
translator has added explanatory notes, which the reader
will find very useful.
Goldsmith, or Gouldsmith, Francis, temp.
Charles I. Hugo Grotius, his Sophompaneas, or Joseph ;
a Tragedy. With Annotations, Lou., S('«e anno, acd 1652.
8vo.
Goldsmith, G. 1. Equity. Lon., 1838; 4th cd., 1849.
2. English Bar, 1843, fp. Svo; 2d ed., 1849.
Goldsmith, Rev. J. Geography, Ac, 180.3-15. Of
Goldsmith's Grammar of Geography there have been new
eds.. 1844-51, by Hughes, Kenny, and AVright.
Goldsmith, Lewis, b. 17tifj. a Jew, a native of Eng-
lanil, gained considerable notoriety by pub. — 1. The Crimes
of Caliincts, Lon., ISDl, 8vo; and subsequently gave to
the world — 2. The Conduct of France towards America,
1809, 8vo ; N. York, 1810. 8vo. 3. The Secret Hist, of the
Cabinet of Bonaparte, Lon., ISll. 8vo; 1814, 2 vols. Svo.
4. Manifestos, &c. of Bonaparte. Ac, 1811, 8vo; 1813,
4 vols. Svo. 5. Secret Hist, of Bonaparte's Diplomacy,
1812, Svo. 6. Memorial of M. Carnot, Ac, 1814. Svo.
7- An appeal to the Sovereigns of Europe on the Necessity
of bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to public Trial, 1S15.
At one time he edited the Paris Argus, and interested
himself ill French politics.
Goldsmith, 3Iiss Mary* 1. Casualties; a Novel,
Lon., 1784, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Learn, ye mantua-makers all, from this instructive lesson, to
mind your needles and earn a ' virtuous bit of bread.' As a com-
position, this novel boasts no hij^h merit." — Lon. MmtJu Sev., xlvii.
208.
2. She lives; a Comedy, 1803. 3. Angelina; a Comic
Opera. 1804, N. P.
Goldsmith, Oliver, November 10, 1728-April 4,
1774, one of the most distinguished ornaments of English
literature, was a native of the village of Pallas, Pallice, or
Pallasmore, in Leinster, Ireland, county of Longford, IJ
miles S. E. of Ballymahon. The character of his excellent
father — the Rev. Charles Goldsmith, a clergyman of the
Established Church, holding tlie living of Kilkenny
West — has been so well described by his son in the cha-
racters of The Man in Black in The Citizen of the World,
The Preacher in the De^^erted Village, and Doctor Prim-
rose in the Vicar of Wakefield, that no other portraiture
can be needed nor should be tolerated. The good man
lived to see five sons and two daughters surrounding the
family board before he wns called to his rest, which event
occurred in the year 1740. His son Henry followed his
calling, and his exauiple and his virtues have been com-
memorated, in lines which the world will never '* let die,"
by the same pen which depicted the amiable characteristics
of the "Village Preacher.'* He who can peruse without
emotion the impassioned burst of fervent gratitude and
tender ^en^^mbrance with which the houseless wanderer
celebrates his brother's kindness and his brother's peace-
ful home has but little claim to the better feelings of our
nature :
''Kemote, unfriended, melancholy, slow,
Or by the lazy Scheldt, or wandering Po;
Or onward, where the rude Carinthian boor
Airainpt the houseless stranger shuts the door;
Or where Campania's plain forsaken lies,
A Weary waste expanding to the skies;
Where'er I roam, whatever realms to see,
Sly heart, untraveird, fondly turns to thee.
Still to my brother turns with ceaseless pain,
And drags at each remove a length'ning chain.
Eternal blessings crown my earliest friend.
And round his dwelling guardian saints attendl
IJlest be that spot wheie cheerful guests retire
To pause from toil, and trim the ev'ning fire ;
Blest that abode, where want and pain repair.
And ev'ry stranger finds a ready chair;
Blest be those feasts, with simple plenty crown'd,
AVhere all the ruddy family around
Laugh at the jests or pranks that never fail,
Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale;
Or press the bashful stranger to his food, ^
And learn the luxury of doing good.
But me, not destin'd such delights to share,
My piimo nf life in wand'ring spent and care,
Impell'd with steps unceasing to pursue
Some fleeting good, that mocks nie with the view;
That, like the circle bounding earth and skies,
Allures from far, yet. as I follow, flies;
INIy fortune leads to traverse realms alone,
And find no spot of all the world my own."
The TraveUer.
If we have somewhat anticipated our story by the
quotation of the beautiful lines just cited, wo shall be
readily forgiven. Perhaps there could be no better in-
troduction to a biography of Oliver Goldsmith, The
warmth of his affections, the tenderness of his heart, his
roving propensities and vacillation of mind, are all here
presented to the reader in the poet's happiest and most
graphic style.
At the age of six years Oliver was placed under charge
of the village schoolmaster, Thomas Byrne, a retired
quartermaster of an Irish regiment, who seems to have
expended many of the hours which should have been de-
voted to instruction, in recitals of military adventures, in
which the narrator himself had burne no obscure and uu-
687
GOL
lionoured share. We do not find, however, that his youth-
ful auditors — the future vilhige Cromwells of the school-^
ever seriously complained of this want of faithfulness
upon the part of their military preceptor. With a keen-
ness of perception and politic wisdom which would not
have disgraced practised courtiers, the subjects of this
despotic ruler seem to have carefully studied his character
and adapted their deportment to his changing mood :
" AVell bad the bodin;; tremblers learned to trace
The day's disasters in his mornin;:; face;
Full wfll they laughed with counterfeited glee
At all his jokes, for many a joke had he;
Full well the bupy whisper, circling; round,
Convey'd the dismal tidings when he frown'd."
Little Oliver was interrupted in his studies under Mr.
Byrne by an attack of the small-pox, the signnture of
wiiieh he bore legibly inscribed on his face for the rest
of his life. Upon his recovery, he was placed at sch(jol,
first at Elphin, in Roscommon, then at Athlune, and sub-
t^equently at Edgeworthstown. It was whilst attending
the seminary at Elphin, boarding meanwhile at his uncle's,
John Goldsmith, that he displayed his juvenile wit by a
celebrated epigram, which has been carefully preserved by
all the poet's biographers. During an evening party at
his uncle's, when the guests were engaged in the mazes of
the dance, Oliver, — then only nine years old, — disposed to
contribute his share to the amusements of the evening,
undertook the execution of a hornpipe, which was pro-
bably performed with more zeal than elegance. The mu-
sician of the party, who was more forcibly impressed with
the awkward form and pitted face of the juvenile Athlete
than with his Terpsichorean proficiency, raised a laugh at
his expense by calling him his little ^sop. But Oliver
soon turned the Laugh upon his assailant by tlie retort:
'' Our herald hath proclaimed this saying.
See ^sop dancing, and his monkey playing."
A large portion of the expenses of Oliver's early educa-
tion was defrayed by his kind-hearted uncle, the Rev-
Thomas Contarine, who was at all times one of his most
devoted and generous friends.
On the 11th of June, 1745, Oliver entered Trinity Col-
lege, Dublin, as a sizar, under the tutorship of the Kev.
Theaker Wilder, from whose petty tyranny the youth suf-
fered so acutely that at times his life was an almost in-
tolerably burden. In our life of Edmund Bur^e we have
noticed the fact that he was a contemporary at college
with the subject of the present article. The poor sizar
did not display either that genius or that application which
gains collegiate distinctions, but he was so fortunate on
one occasion as to secure one of the minor prizes, the
value in money of which was about thirty shillings.
"This turn of success and sudden influx of wealth proved too
much for the head of our poor student. He forthwith gavea sup-
per and dance at his chamber to a number of young persons of
both sexes from the city, in direct violation of colleiie rules. The
unwonted sound of the fiddle reached the ears of the implacable
Wilder. He rushed to the scene of imhallowed festivity, inflicted
corporal chastisement on the ' father of the feast,' and turned his
astonished guests neck and heels out of doors." — Jrviiig's Life of
Goldsmith.
Mortified beyond measure at this inglorious termination
to the evening's festivities, and ashamed to meet either the
companions of his studies or of his feasts, Goldsmith left
college the next day in a state of high disgust, determined
to seek his fortunes in some land *' beyond the flood,"
where he might hope to prosper by the exercise of his in-
dustry or of his wits. He lingered in Dublin until all his
money was spent save a solitary shilling, and, when that
wns gnne, several of his garments followed, until, at la.-^t,
hungry and lialf-naked, be was saved from starvation,
when on his way to Cork, by a handful of gray peas given
him by a country-girl at a wake. He never forgot his
humble benefactor. Poor fellow ! he had fasted for twenty-
four hours when this seasonable relief was accorded to
him; and long afterwards, when applauded in the world
of fashion and an honoured guest at great men's feasts,
he declared to Sir Joshua Reynolds that of all the ex-
quisite meats he had ever tasted that handful of gray peas
was the most delieiou.?.
By the kind offices of his brother Henry, ho was again
placed at loUeL^e, whoie he remained for nearly two j'ears
longer. Feb. 27, 17-49, be was made Bachelor of Arts, and
turned his back upon his Alma Mater without the loss of
many tears. It was now incumbent on him to select a
profession, and he was induced by his kind but injudicious
uncle Contarine to become an applicant for holy orders.
The twu years of probation were passed in a desultory
manner, often in amusements not altogether of the most
clerical character; and when, at the age of twenty-three,
GOL
the candidate passed in review under the scrutinizing eye
of the Bishop of Elphin, he was promptly rejected :
■■-I'e was intended for the church, and went to the IJishop of
Elphin to be examined for ordere, but. appearing in a pair of
san-U-t breaches, he was rejected."— i>r. A. Slrmn's Letter.
But other reasons are urged for the prelate's rejection
of the application. His sister tells us that the bishop
thought him too young : another version is that his habits
were known to be unsuited to the gravity of the profes-
sion to which he sought admittance. Certain it is that
the church lost nothing by the bishop's refusal. It is
possible to weaken an army by increasing its numbers;
and such a clergyman as Goldsmith would in all pro-
bability have proved would have done little to advance
the cause which ho professed to espouse. The candidate
was not heart-broken by the bishop's decision :
" For the clerical profession," says his sister, Mrs. Ilodson, " he
had no lijtinc-"'
Good old Uncle Contarine was sadly disappointed, but
relaxed nothing in his efforts to serve his wayward nephew.
He soon procured him employment as a tutor in the family
ofMr. Flinn; but this situation was lost in consequence of a
quarrel between the preceptor and one of the family over
a game of cards. Oliver left Mr. Flinn's with what seemed
to him an almost fabulous amount of money — no less
than thirty pounds; but even this amount, vast as it
was, was not proof .n gainst the repeated demands to which
the owner subjected it. and in six weeks he returned to
his mother's house at Ballymahon without a shilling in
his pocket, and on the back of a steed of much humbler
appearance than the one which shortly before carried in
triumph the happy owner of thirty pounds sterling. Part
of this sum. indeed, had been expended in the purchase
of a passage to America; but, as the passenger was on an
excursion in the country when the wind served in the
harbour of Cork, the captain " never inquired after him,
but set sail with as much indifference as if he had been on
board."
How much depended upon that country excursion !
What would have been the history of the author of the
Vicar of Wakefield and the Deserted Village had he
landed, a friendless stranger, on the shores of America?
In all probability the world would never have seen these
immortal productions; and Oliver Goldsmith, a Revolu-
tionary leader, might have shed his blood at Bunker Hill,
or a Western planter, in the enjoyment of a hale old age,
have nursed on his knee his children of the third genera-
tion.
We have often thought that a most interesting narra-
tive might bo compiled of the real and supposed lives of
the afterwards great men who at one time or other in-
tended settling in America. As a colonist, Cromwell,
" guiltless of his country's blood," would have passed his
days in the useful pursuits of agriculture or commerce ;
and Edmund Burke would have contributed to the legis-
lative sagacity and oratorical splendour which so proudly
distinguished tho first American Congress. John Hamp-
den would not have been stigmatized by the great Claren-
don as the modern Cinna; and the ruthless ambition of a
Bonaparte would have been resisted by a spirit mightier
than lais own. But these are speculations: let us return
to facts. What should be done now for the improvident
youth who had already so sadly disappointed those who
had striven beyond their means to advance his fortunes ?
To be discouraged in his efi"orts for poor Oliver belonged
not to the kind-hearted Contarine. If Oliver would be
neither a clergyman nor a tutor, the law was still open,
and here his abilities would at once command success.
To plan and to do was the same with the good man; and
he soon had nearly the sum of fifty pound.s, — a large sum
for his circumstances, — which he placed in Oliver's hands
and dismissed him with his benediction. With this capital
the young man must manage until he had secured a foot-
ing which should place him in a position to earn his own
bread. But, alas! the attractions of a gaming-table were
too strong for his virtue; he was persuaded to risk his
whole capital, with the encouragement that it would be
doubled ; but, as might have been anticipated, his money,
with the exception of a few shillings, passed into the pos-
session of his dangerous acquaintances, and he was again
a ruined man.
Goldsmith's mental agony was now indeed great. How
unworthy had ho proved himself of the kindness of his
friends, especially of that uncle and brother who had
strengthened him with words of good cheer when all others
had lost faith in his resolutions and his promises! But
offences repeated " seventy times seven" would not have
exhausted the fount of tenderness which yearned in the
GOL
heart of that good uncle towards the repentant prodigal.
"Wlien he was yet a great way o£f." he was ready tii run
ftnth tn meet him, to "fall on liis neck," and again "kill for
him the I'attcd calf" He took him in his own house, made
him exhibit his talents in the long winter evenings by lite-
rary discussions, and, when his duties called him away,
was delighted to see his daughter turn entertainer to the
poor outcast, and join the music of her harpsichord to the
notes of his flute. Not satisfied with this, he again an.K-
iously considered how he could best promote his advance-
ment in the world; and a hint which fell from the great
man of the family — Dean Goldsmith, of Cloyne, then on a
visit to the worthy pastor — was sufficient to cause him
again to tax his narrow purse for further supplies for
Oliver.
If neither the Church, the tutor's chair, nor the bar,
were to afford a field for the exercise of his nephew's abili-
ties, he should be a doctor of medicine ! Many had at-
tained a large and profitable practice who had startoil as
late in life as Oliver; why could not Oliver do the same?
At least, the experiment should be tried. Behold, then,
our adventurer again starting, in the autumn of 1752, to
try his fortune in the world.
Arrived in Edinburgh, he soon became famous in the
social circles of that city as a teller of good stories and
singer of Irish songs. But his eighteen months of resi-
dence here were not thrown away. He was too apt a
scholar to be unprofited by the excellent lectures to which
he listened and the chemical experiments in which ho took
a part.
Ho now determined to visit the continent, that he might
enjoy opportunities of completing his medical studies
and gratify a taste for travelling, which was one of his
strongest propensities. Uncle Contarine's purse was al-
ways ready, and to it the student again had recourse.
Yet it is to be recorded, to his credit, that his economy
was stringent, that his applications might be as few and
as moderate as it was possible to make them. His grati-
tude, too, to his generous benefactor was deep and un-
feigned :
"I,et me acknowledge," he writes to hiai, when advising him
of intended absence, " the humility of the slation in whii-h you
found me; let me tell you how I w.is despised by most and hate-
ful to myself. Poverty, hopeless poverty, was my lot. and Melan-
choly was beginning to make me her own. When you ..."
" Thou best of men," he exclaims in another letter, written from
Leyden, "may Heaven guard and preserve you and those vou
love!"
With this benediction, so richly deserved, wo may take
our leave of good Uncle Contarine, who breathed his last
before his nephew, whom he had so dearlv loved and for
whom he h.ad done so much, had attained that celebrity
and prosperous fortune which no one would have rejoiced
in more than himself. May the memor.y of that good man
ever bo fresh in the world's history !
Arrived at Leyden, Goldsmith seems to have devoted
some attention to the pursuit of knowledge, gainin", moan-
while, a precarious subsistence by acting as tutor, and
sometimes winning, but genenilly losing, by the gaming-
table. In February, 1755, he left Leyden for the purpose
of travelling on foot through Europe. His wardrobe, furni-
ture, and finances, amounted exactly to "a guinea in his
pocket, a shirt on his back, and a flute in his hand."
The manner in which he "disputed his way through
Europe" by accepting university challenges, and gained
many a night's lodging by the notes of his flute, are too
well known, and have been too beautifully described by
himself, to justify us in dwelliug upon them here;
'■Whenever I approached a pe.isaiit's house towards nifhtCdl
I played one of my most merry tunes, and that procured me not
"cm"''""' ''"' '*"''*''^''^°<^« f"'' the next day."— riciiro/ Wake-
*'Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease,
Pleas'd with thyself, whom all the world can please.
How often have I led thy sportive choir
"With tuneless pipe beside the murmuring Loire!
Where shading elms along the margin grew.
And, freshen'd from the wave, the zephyr flew;
And haply, though my haish touch, falt'ring still.
But mock'd all tune, and marr'd the dancers' skill.
Yet would the vilhige praise my wondrous power.
And daoce, forgetful of the noon-tide hour."— TAe Tiavellcr.
Whilst abroad, either at Padua or at Louvain, he took
his degree of Bachelor of Medicine. On the 1st of Febru-
ary, 1756, Goldsmith landed at Dover, wiser in experience,
but more destitute in pocket, than at any former period
of his life. He made his way to London ; and here starva-
tion stared him in the face. In vain he bogged for a situii-
tion as a componnder of prescriptions or as an errand-boy
among the London apothecaries ; no one would employ an
assistant who could give no references. At last he ob-
44
GOL
tained a situation as shop-tender with a chemist of ths
namo of Jacob, where he remained until, by the aid of an
old fellow-studenl,— Dr. Sleigh,— he was enabled to .sot
up, in an humble way, as a physician among the poorer
classes. Prosperity did not smile upon his new vocation,
but incidentally it opened the wey to a better business.
Ho had a patient — a printer's workman — who had per-
ception enough to discern that the doctor was himself the
victim of a terrible malady — nothing less than consuming,
soul-corroding poverty. The poor man had learned benevo-
lence of his employer. He told Goldsmith that his master
had a kind heart, .and before this had relieved distress;—
would he not let him speak a word for him? The kind
ofiices of his humble patient wore not in vain ; and behold
the quondam physician installed as reader and corrector of
the press to Samuel Richardson, the author of " Clarissa."
About tho beginning of 1757, (unless wo adopt the earlier
date assigned by Mr. Allport,) he obtained a situation as
usher in the academy of Dr. Milner, at Peckham, and was
still in this humble employment^tho mortification of
which ho has so well described in the person of George
Primrose— when he was engaged by Grifliths as a stated
contributor to The Monthly Review. An agreement was
made for one year, and Goldsmith moved his scanty ward-
robe to tho house of Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths. It is not
without reason that wo mention the latter: she was quite
as much master of the house as her husband was, and
ruled the poor contributor with so despotic a sway that at
tho end of five months he was glad to cancel his engage-
ment.
From this time until the appe.aranco of his first work
of any pretensions, with the exception of another tlial at
ushership in Dr. Milner's school. Goldsmith earned a
scanty subsislence as a hack-writer, with a ready pen
always at the disposal of those who wore able to pay a few
shillings or a few pounds, as it might be, for the desired
article, A Life of Voltaire and an unfinished tragedy
are among the labours of this period. The disappoint-
ment of his hopes of a lucrative medical post at Coro-
mandel, and his rejection by the College of Surgeons,
added to tho bitterness of his melancholy lot.
Tho Inquiry into tho Present State of Polite Learning
in Europe was pub. by Dodslcy in April, 1759, 12nio. It
appeared without the writer's name, but the authorship
was no secret. Kenrick's savage attack upon the new
work was worthy of the base character of tho man. The
Inquiry was not without merit, though perhaps not entitled
to the unqualified commendation of the learned. To quota
the language of one of the author's late biographers; —
"In the present d.iy, when tho whole field of contemporary
literature is so widely surveyed and amply discussed, and when
the curient productions of every country are constantlv collated
and ably criticised, a treal ise like that of Goldsmith would be con-
sidered as extremely limited and unsatistiictory ; but at that time
it possessed novelty in its views and wideness in its scope, and,
beiug indued with the peculiar charm of style inseparable from
the author, it commanded public attention and a profitable sale "
—IrL'in,/'s Life of Gnl^lsmitli.
Goldsmith's next literary undertaking was The Bee, a
weekly periodical, pub. on Saturd.ays, the first number of
which appeared on the 6th of October, 1750, and the eighth
and last on tho 29lh of November. It possessed excellence
of no ordinary character, but failed to command support.
On the 12th of January, 1760, Mr. Newbory, the famous
publisher of children's books, commenced tho publication
of Tho Public Ledger, and Goldsmith contributed to it his
celebrated Chinese Letters, which were collected and repub.
by Newbery, at tho close of 1700, in 2 vols. 12mo. under
the title of The Citizen of the World ; or, Letters from a
Chinese Philosopher residing in London, to his friends in
the East. They were commended by the British Magazine
as "light, agreeable summer reading;" and oven Kenrick
was forced by Griffiths to make an awkward apology for his
brutal attack on tho "Inquiry" and its author, and com-
mended the Chinese Letters in high terms. Some opinions
upon the merits of this work will be found on a later page.
The ropntation of his new work caused publishers to seek
tho aid of tho author in various undertakings, and the
editorship of Tho Lady's Magazine, contributions to The
British Magazine, prefaces to a number of works, a revision
of a History of Mecklenburg, Newbery's Art of Poetry,
Compendium of Biography, and a Life of Beau Nash, were
among the literary labours that replenished tho exhausted
coffers of The Citizen of the World. On tho aist of May,
1761, an event of no ordinary interest occurred to the now
rising author. This was his introduction to Dr. Johnson,
"The Great Cham of Literature," through the good offices
of Dr. Percy, afterwards Bishop of Dromore. Tho strong
attachment which the lexicographer at once formed for
633
GOL
Goldsmith, notwithstanding his faults and foibles, and the
friendly aid which he afforded him by the disposal of The
Vicar of Walieficld, are pleasing incidents in the lives of
these two truly great men. The nodes amlruawnrK of the
Literary Club were now partaken of by Goldsmith, and he
found himself the associate of men whom heretofore he
had long worshipped at a distance. Still busily employed
with his pen, we find him engaged on a revision of a De-
scription of Millennium Hall and of Dr. Brookes's System
of Natural Hi.-tory, additions to the Wonders of Nature
and Art, contributions to The Marlial Keview or General
History of the late War, to the Critical and Monthly Maga-
zines, prefaces to Universal History and several other
works, and a compilation entitled A History ol tngland,
in a series of Letters from a Nobleman to his Son. This
has passed through many edits, in English, been trans, into
French, and was confidently attributed to Lord Chester- I
field. Lord Orrery, and especially to Lord Lyttelton. ;
Among his many literary projects which were never exe-
cuted may bo mentioued one, the title of which interests
u^ not a "little: A Chronological History of the Lives of
Eminent Persons in Great Britain and Ireland. This book
would doubtless have been one of the most charming in
style and inaccurate in slatement, one of the most delight-
ful companions and unsafe guides, in the language. It was
to be comprised in two octavo vols, of thirty-five sheets ■
each, to be paid for at the rate of three guineas a sheet,
and to be furnished in two years. But— for Dodsley well \
knew the habits of authors— the publisher stipulated that
he should be subjected to no advance until the work was
completed. This was enough to seal its fate with Goldsmith.
He sent a proposition to Tonson to prepare for him a new
edition of the works of Pope. Tonson — not always the
most amiable of mortals— returned an impertinent answer,
and the disappointed author vented his indignation by
immediately inflicting a caning upon Tonson's unhappy
messenger.
It was in 1764 that the well-known incident just referred
to occurred,— an incident so graphically described by Dr.
Johnson himself, that we cannot do better than quote his
own language:
'* I received one morning a message from poor Goldsmith that he
was in great distress, aud. as it was not iu his power to couie to nie,
begeing that I would come to him as soon as possible. I sent him
a guinea, and promised to come to him dii-ectly. I accordingly
went as soon as I was dressed, and found that his laiidlioiy had
arrested him fur his rent, at which he was in a violent passiuu. I
perceived that he had already changed my guinea, aud had got a
bottle of madeira and a gl.oss before him. 1 put the corlt into the
bottle, desired he would be calm, and began tn tall; to him of the
means by which he might be extricated. Ue then told me he had
GOL
'• The beauties of this poem are so great and various, that wfl
cannot but be surprised they have not been able to recommend i1
to more general notice." , .,
A month after this notice, a second edition appeared ; tho
third soon followed, a fourth was issued in August, and the
ninth appeared in the year of the author's death.
We have no evidence that Goldsmith received more than
twenty guineas from the publisher, the elder Newbery. But
the author felt that his reputation w.as on the ascendant,
and he ventured to leave his own cpnarters in Wine-Office
Court iind removed to chambers <in the library staircase
of the Temple. Johnson paid him a visit shortly after-
wards, and inspected the new apartments rather closely ;
which induced Goldsmith to exclaim, " I shall soon be in
better chambers, sir, than these." " Nay, nay, sir," re-
sponded Johnsiin; "never mind that: Nil te e.itra quasi-
vcris extra." Poor Goldsmith ! did ho remember then the
miseries of Green Arbour Court, which have been so gra-
i phically described by Washington Irving in his Tales of a
Traveller? We shall reserve for a later page some com-
mendatory notices of this beautiful poem. In 17(15, a
number of his contributions to periodicals were pub. under
the title of Essays by Mr. Goldsmith. Many of them had
long been favouriteswith the public, (though their author-
ship was not generally known.) had been reprinted many
times, and claimed by several who had no title to them,
; This volume paid the author a profit of twenty guineas
only; it however extended his reputation, was trans, into
' French, and is still a favourite with the public.
It was at this period, .also, that he wrote the beautiful
ballad of Edwin and Angelina.
" Without informing any of us [at the Club] he wrote and ad-
dressed to the Countess, afterwards Duchess of Northumberband,
one of the first poems of the lyric kind that our language has to
boast of." — Sir .John Hawkins.
i Whether Goblsmitb was really the author of a famous
biography which appeared in tliis yc:ir, of less pretensions,
but equ.al notoriety, with The Hermit,— the story of Goody
Two Shoes, — we shall not pause to discuss.
Towards the close of this year he received from Newbery
the respectable sum— judging by his Ibrmer receipts — of
sixty guineas for A Survey of Experimental Philosophy
I considered in its Present State of Improvement. He was
engaged in the completion of this work in the year of bis
! death, and it was pub. in 1776, 2 vols. Svo, It should not
be forgotten that at this period he essayed for a brief
season to resume the practice of physic ; but the experi-
ment proved both unprofitable and unpalatable, .and was
soon abandoned. At last appeared, March 27, 1766,
eighteen months after its memorable sale to Newbery the
younger, the novel of The Vicar of Wakefield. The wits
a novel ready for the press, which he produced to me. 1 looked [ 3^,1 critics were this time behind the public in their accla-
iuto it. and .saw its merit ; told the landlady I should soon return ;
and, having gone to a bookseller, sold it for sixty pounds. 1
brouiiht Goldsmith the money, and he discharged his rent, not
without rating his landlady in a high tone for having used him
so ill." — BoswcU's Lifi' 0/ Johnson.
On the day of the sale of The Vicar of Wakefield, the
Traveller received the last touches of the author. Johnson
had greater hopes of the success of the poem than of the
novel ; he read the proof-sheets, substituted here and there
a line of his own, (only nine verses iu all,) and immedi-
ately prepared for it a warm recei>tiou, through the medium
of the Critical Review, iu a notice of bis own composition.
It was published — the first production which bore his
name — December 19, 1764, and dedicated to his brother
Henry, to whom eighty of the last lines in it bad been dis-
patched in a letter many years before, when the author
was a " houseless stranger" in a foreign land. The lines
inserted by Johnson were the one which now stands 420th
in the poem, and, omitting the last couplet hut one, the
eight concluding lines.
The success of The Traveller was decided and immediate
among the wits, but some time elapsed before it became a
favourite with the public at large. Johnson pronounced
it " a poem to which it would not be easy to find .any thing
equal since the days of Pope." The lexicographer read it
aloud to Miss Reynolds, and the lady — who had recently
toasted Goldsmith as the ugliest man of her acquaintance
— declared that she should never again tliiuk him ugly.
" ' There is not a had line in that poem of The Traveller,' said
Langton, as they sat talking at Keynold.s's four years after the
poet's death ; ' hot one of Dryden's careless verses.' ' I was glad,'
interposed Reynolds, ' to hear Charles Fox s.ay it was one of the
first poems in the English language.' 'Why was you glad!' re-
joined Langton; 'you surely had no doubt of this before?' 'No,'
exclaimed Johnson, decisively, ' the meiit of The Traveller is so
well established, th.at Mr. Fox's praise cannot augment it, nor his
censure diminish it.' "
Two months after its publication, the St. James's Chro-
nicle, the leading literary paper of tho time, remarked :
69U
mations. In about two mouths a second edition was de-
manded; three months later the third appeared, and the
sixth was pub. in the year of the author's death. This
charming tale will be noticed more at large on a subsequent
page. We have now reached a point in the literary history
of Goldsmith when we may be permitted to take a rapid
survey of the labours which employed his pen from the
tiino of the publication of the Vicar of Wakefield until
his death. For detailed information concerning these
publications ami their author, we must refer the reader to
the sources to which every biographer of Goldsmith must
acknowledge his obligations — the biographies of Percy,
Brydges, Mitford, Scott, Prior, Forstcr, and Irving.
i70fi : Poems for Young Ladies, 12ino.
"A respectable selection of pieces, chietly from Parnell. Pope,
Thomson, Addison, and Collins, with .additions of less importance
from less eminent hands, and some of the occasional verses of his
friend Robert Nugent."
For this compilation he received ten guineas ; and for
writing a*' Short English Grammar" had but half that sum,
1767: Beauties of English Poesy, 2 vols. 12mo,
In this selection, for which he received fifty pounds,
appeared two pieces. — The Ladle and Hans Carvel, —
which were not of a character to promote the general
circulation of the work,
1768: The Good-Natured Man; a Comedy, Svo. This
was not successful on the stage, but sold so well that tho
whole of the first edition was taken on the second day.
The author's profits on the stage aud by its sale amounted
to about £500.
" His two admirable Comedies of ' The Good-Natured Man' and
' She Stoops to Conquer' are the greenest spots in the Dr.amatic
waste of the period of which we aie speaking. Tliey are worthy
of the author of 'The Vicar of WaLefuld.' and to praise them more
highly is impossitile. AVit wilhout lic-iilii.usii.ss: Humourwith-
out extravagance: bi-illiaut and elegant dialogue; and forcible but
n.atural delineation of character, are the excellences with which
his pages are prodigally strewn."— //wiry KeeU's Lects. cm Eng
i llrantat. PiKt.
GOL
" The best, as we think, of his dramatic efforts."— Peof. Botieu :
Gaiter!/ of lliiist. Ii-Mmt7i: Duhl Univ. Mag., vii. 3S.
1769 : Roman History, 2 vols. Svo.
" Sir, it is the great excellence of a writer to put into his hook
as much as his book will hold. Goldsmith has done this in his
history. . . . Uoldsniith'sabridgmeut is betterthan that of Lucius
Floras or Eutropius; and I will venture to .say, that if you com-
pare him with Vertot, in the same places of the Roman History,
you will And that he excels Vertot. Sir, he has the art of com-
piling and of saying every thing he has to say in a pleasing man-
ner.' — Dr. Johnso.v : Boswdrs life.
'■■ Ooldsmith-s Aln-idijcnmls r>f Ihc Histnri, of Roms and England
mity here be noticed. Thcv an- iniliii'iitly well calculated to intro-
duce youth to the knowlcd-e of their sludics; for they exhibit the
most interesting and striluiig events, without cntcriti" into con-
troversy or dry detail.''— &> Walirr ScoWs LU'r of l,\,hhmHJi.
" Goldsmith's brief and enchanting epitome ofRumau History "
— Chancellor Kent.
" Though a work written for bre.ad. not fame, such is its ease,
perspicuity, good sense, and the delightful simplicity of its style,
that it was well received by the critics, commanded a prompt and
extensive Siile. and has ever since remained in the hands of young
and old."— /)-fi«<7's Life of Ooldmiitli.
^ " Intended for the perusal of the young, and certainly written
in an interesting manner, but almost always superficial and fre-
quently inaccurate." — A". ^Imcr. i?cy.
Of the author's abridgment of his History of Rome
there have been edits, edited by Co.te, Davis, Dymock,
Piunock, Simpson, Ac. It w.as in this year that he con-
tracted with Griffin for his Natural History, or the His-
tory of the Earth and Animated Nature. See years 1772
and 1774,
1770: Life of Dr. Parnell, prefl.\ed to an edit, of his
poems pub. in this year, Svo.
"Goldsmith's Life of Parnell is poor; not that it is poorly
written, but that he had poor materials; for noliody can write the
life of a mau but those who have eat and drunk and lived in
social intercourse with him."— Dr. Johnson: BosmcWs Life.
Life of Lord Bolingbroke, originally prefi.\ed to his
Dissert, on Parties, repub. in this year, Svo; afterw.ards to
Bolingbroke's Works. It wtis in this year that Goldsmith
accompanied Mrs. Horneck and her two beautiful daugh-
ters—Little Comedy and the Jessamy Bride — to Fran'ce.
He was now in the height of his reputation,— for two
months before he left London the town was thrown into
raptures by the publication of The Deserted Village, a
Poem, 4to. The 1st edit., pub. M.ay 6, was immediately
e.xhausted, and by the 16th of August the 5th edit, was
pub. Previous to its publication tlie author received from
the publisher a note for the price agi-eed upon,— one hun-
dred guinesis. A friend remarked to Goldsmith that it
was a great price (five shillings a couplet) for so small a
poem :
"In truth," said Goldsmith, "I think so too; it is much more
than the honest man can allord, or the piece is worth. I have
not been easy since I received it."
He therefore returned the note to the publisher, and
desired him to pay him when it should be ascertained
what the poem was worth.
We shall reserve the citation of opinions upon this poem
—criticism is hardly a proper word for (with one e.KCeption)
unmixed and enthusiastic eulogy— for a later page.
But we must here refer the reader to Prior's Life of
Goldsmith and Huwitt's Homes and Haunts of Eminent
British Poets for gr.aphic descriptions of The Deserted
Village — Lissoy — and to the article from a London peri-
odical, on the same attractive theme, quoted in Irving's
Life of Goldsmith. In the London Genllcman's Maga-
zine for June, 18.38, pp, .'>92, 593, will be found an inge-
nious argument, by Mr. John Cunnington, in which it is
asserted that Springfield, near Chelmsford, England, (and
not Lissoy, in Ireland.) is entitled to the honours which
pertain to the far-famed Deserted VilUage of Goldsmith.
We must not fail to commend that beautiful volume,
The Deserted Village, illustrated by 80 designs by the
Etching Club, Lon., 1811, imp. 8vo, £5 5».; colombier 4to,
£5 6«.; portfolio; colombier fol., £10 10«.; proofs, £13 13s!
This is gener.ally considered the chef-rVaui-re of the Etch-
ing Club. It is the united production of some of the most
eminent artists of the day, including Webster, Redgrave
Creswick, Cope, J. Bell, Horslcy, F. Tayler, Townsend'
and C. Stonehouse.
•• No poem in the language perhaps holds out so many opportu-
nities to the artist. The exquisite little gems with which it is so
thickly studded are all wrought out in a spirit of graceful poetry
worthy of the genius of Golds.mith, and, by the beauty and deli-
cacy of their execution, carry us back to the 'olden time,' when
the greatest luminaries of Painting were also the first amon" the
Etchers." "
1771: The Haunch of Venison; a Poem, Svo. This was
a poetical epistle, acknowledging the receipt of a Haunch
of Venison from Lord Clare, with whom Goldsmith spent
some time in the country.
"\\ritten with no higher aim than mere pleasantry; a more
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delightful piece of humour, or a more finished piece of style, has
probaWy been seldom written."— Forster : Life of (loldmlith.
"Some of the lines pleasantly set forth the emliarrassment
caused by the appearance of such an aristocratic delicacy in the
humble kitchen of a poet, accustomed to look up to mutton as a
treat :
" * Thanks, my lord, for your venison, for finer or fatter
Never raug'd in a forest, or sniok'd in a platter.'"
VTashinoton iRvma : Life of Oohlmith.
History of England from the earliest times to the Death
of George IL, 1771, i vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1774, 4 vols. Svo.
Abridgt., 1774, Svo. This is an acknowledged compila-
tion from R.apin, Carte, Smollett, and Hume, —
"Each of whom," says Goldsmith, in the preface, "have their
admirers, in proportion as the reader is studious of political antl
quities, fond of minute anecdote, a warm partisan, or a deliberate
reasoner,"
The Whigs of course detected a smack of Tory doctrine
in the new History, and charged the compiler with be-
traying the liberties of the people. Goldsmith's defence
against the attack is very characteristic of the man, — may
we not say characteristic of an author?
_ " I had no thought for or against liberty in my head ; my whole
aim being to malce up a book of a decent size, and which, as
'Squire Hichard says, would do harm to nobody."— Goldsmith's
I^etler to Lanrfton.
"The history on the whole, however, was well received; some
of the critics (b ,1 n, ,1 that English History had never before been
so usefully, s.. ii.._,iiiily and agreeably epitomized; 'and. like his
other histnii, ,1 uiiiiugs,' it has kept its ground in English lit(^
rature."— Washim^'kjn Irving: Life nf GoldsmiUi.
"As a historian Goldsmith accomplishes all at which he aims.
He does not promise much, but he does more than he promises.
He takes, it is true, facts which had been already collected, but
he shapes them with an art that is all his own."— Henev Giles;
Lecturer and Essays.
See Boswell's Life of Johnson for the lexicographer's
comparison between Robertson and Goldsmith as hi.sto-
rians. For this work Davies paid Goldsmith £500. Of
this history there have been numerous eds. and abridgts.,
edited by Coote, Lynam. Morell, Rose, Wright, Bigland,
Coxe, Davis, Dymock, Kenny, Pinnoek, Simpson, Stew-
art, &c.
1772: In this ye.ar he was employed upon his History
of the Earth and Animated Nature, (Natural History, as
it is sometimes called,) for which ho had contracted with
GriflSn in 1769,— S vols, at 100 guineas per vol. The work
was commenced in 1769, but not prosecuted systematically.
It was not finished and pub. until 1774. It was in this
year tilso that he wrote the latest of the Essays in the
collection which now bears that title; and at this period
he .abridged his Roman History, and wrote portions of a
tale for Newbery but rejected by him, intended to be of
the same character as The Vicar of Wakefield. For an
account of the announcement in Paris of Histoire de
Franfois Wills, see the biographies of Goldsmith.
1773: She Stoops to Conquer; or. The Mistakes of a
Night, Svo. The plot of this phvy and the incident upon
which it is founded are so well known that we shall not
repeat them. And who can forget Richard Cumberland's
graphic account of the first performance and that lauu-h-
ing Adam Drummond, who had almost ruined the whole
afliiir ?
Cumberland must tell his own story, which, whether
exaggerated or true to nature, is told with admirable
etiect:
" We were not over-sanguine of success, but perfectly determined
to struggle bard for our author. We accordingly assembled our
strengtli at the Shakspeaie Tavern, in a considerable body, for an
e.arly dinner, where Samuel .Johnson took the chair at the head
of a long table, and was the life and soul of the corps. The poet
took post silently by his side, with the Burkes. .Sir Joshua Hev-
nolds. lltzherbert. Caleb ^Vhiteford, and a phalanx of Noifh
.,'■'1, '„f"''"'''''"™'°"* aPPlauders. under the banner of Maior
Mills, all good men and true. Our illustrious president was in
inimitable glee; and poor Goldsmith that day took all his raillery
as patiently and compLacently as my friend Boswell would have
done any day or every day of his life. In the mean time, we did
not forget our duty; and though we had a better comedy going
in which Johnson was chief actor, we betook ourselves in good
time to our separate and allotted posts, and waited the awful
drawing up of the curtain. As our stations were preconcerted, so
were our signals for plaudits arranged and determined upon in a
manner that gave every one his cue where to look for them and
how to follow them up.
" We had among us a very worthy and eiticient member, long
since lost to his friends and the world at large. Adam Drummond
of amiable memory, who was gifted by nature with the most
sonorous and at the same time the most contagious laugh that
ever echoed from the human lungs. The neighing of the horse
of the son of Hysta.spes was a whisper to it; the whole thunder
of the theatre could not drown it. This kind and ingenuous
friend fairly forewarned us that he knew no more when U> give
his fire than the cannon did that was planted on a battery Ho
desired, therefore, to have a flapper at his elbow, and 1 bad the
honour to be deputed to that oflice. I planted him in an ui.per
box. pretty nearly over the stage, in full view of the pit and gal-
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lerio'! and perfectly well situated to give the echo all its play
thriiuKh the hollows and recesses of the theatre. The success of
our manoeuvre was complete. All eyes were upon Johnson, who
sat in a front row of a side box; and when he laughed, everybody
thour'bt themselves warranted to roar. In the mean time, my
friend followed signals with a rattle so irresistibly comic, that
when he had repeated it several times, the attention of the specta-
tors was so engrossed by his person and performances, th.it the
progress of the play seemed likely to become a secondary object,
and 1 found it prudent to insinuate to him that be might halt Dis
music without any prejudice to the author. But alas! it was now
too late to rein biiu in; b.j had laughed upon my sign;<l where he
found no joke, and now, unluckily, he fancied that he fbund a
joke in .ilmost every thii.g that was said; so that nothing in na-
ture could be more malapropos than some of bis bursts ever> now
and then were. These were dangerous moments, for the pit began
to take umbrage; but we carried our point through, and triumphed
not only over Colman's judgment, but our own.
The illustrious president of this band of Goldsmith's
friends— Samuel Johnson— thus records his judgment on
She Stoops tu Conquer :
" I know of no comedv for many years that has so much exhila-
rated an audience; that has aoswered so much the great end of
"omedy, making an audience merry."
Davies remarks that the success of this piece
" Revived fancy, wit, gaycly, humour, incident^ and character,
in the place of sentiment and moral preachment."
Davies is too honest to pretend that " the theatre is the
school of morals," as is often foolishly asserted. Undoulit-
edly the modern stage is most emphatically the school of
vice, and we see not how it can consistently be counte-
nanced by those who pretend to a regard for morals, or
even ordinary decency. But upon this theme wo have
already discoursed at large in our life of Jeremy Collier, q. v.
But we h:id almost forgotten to cite an extract referring
to this comedy from a letter of Dr. Johnson to the late
Bishop White, for many years the venerable diocesan of
the Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania:
•Dr Uold'-milh h.as a new comedv in rehearsal at Covent G.ar-
den to which the manager [Colman] predicts ill success. I hope
he will be mistaken. I think it deserves a kind reception. —To
the Uev. Mr. White, [at Pliiladelpliia.] March 4, 1773.
And this e.'itract very naturally reminds us of Bishop
(the Rev. Mr.) White's visit to Goldsmith in 1770. INIany
a fellow-citizen of our own will thank us for the good
Bishop's account of this memoraUe visit; and we shall not
withhold it: . . „ . , ^ .
■■ We lod"ed, for some time, near to one another, in Brick tonrt,
of the Temple. I had it intimated to him. by an acquaintance of
both, th.at I wished for the pleasure of making him a visit. It
ensued ; and in our conversation it took a turn which excited in
me a painful sensation, from the circumstance that a man of such
a genius should write for bread. His -Deserted Village' came
under notice; and some remarks were made by us on the piinciple
ol it— the decay of the peasantry. He said, that were he to write
a pamrhlet on the subject, he could prove the point incontro-
vertibly. On his being asked why he did not set his mind to this,
his answer was: 'It is not worth my while. A good poem will
bring me one hundred guineas; but the pamphlet would bring
uie nothing.' This was a short time before my leaving of Eng-
land, and 1 saw the Doctor no more."
We need hardly say that the Bishop's reminiscences of
Johnson are also exceedingly interesting.
But our readers will fear that we have entirely lost
sight of She Stoops to Conquer:
•■ The dramatic powers of Uoldsmith— for a restricted space
warns us to leave a too seductive topic— were not perhaps of the
very highest order. Yet his plays are a valuable accession to our
st.a'^e literature. They do not fail below Cumberland or Cibber in
plot or character, while they surpass the former in liveliness of
humour, and the latter in preservation of decorum."— Prof. But-
LEH: GaUeri/ of Illust. Irishmen, IluU. ITnh: Mail., vii. 47.
" The plot turns on what may be termed a farcical incident— two
parties mistaking a gentleman's house for an inn. But the ex-
cellent discrimination of character, and the humour and vivacity
of the dialogue throughout the play, render this piece one of the
richest contributions wliiih have been made to modern comedy.
The native pleasantry and originality of tioldsmith were never
more happily displayed."
•■ Asa dramatist, Coldsmith is amusing; and it to excite laugh,
ter be, as Johnsi>n asserts it is, the chief end of comedy, tioldsmith
attains it. Uis plots, however, are extravagant, and his personages
are oddities rather than characters. Goldsmith's plays want the
contrivance which belongs to highest art ; but they have all those
ingenious accidents that are notable for stage effect. Tbey are,
in fact, deficient in that insight which pertains only to great dra-
matic genius. . . . Both of them [The Good-Natured Man and She
gtoops to Conquer] abound in drollery and strong touches of n.a-
ture: but thev do not give the author an exalted position among
dramatists, aiid they do not promise that he could have reached
it." — Henry Giles: Lectures and Essays.
See also the criticisms under the head of The Good-
Natured Man, year 1768. She Stoops to Conquer pro-
duced to the happy author a clear profit of no less than
£,H00. In this year he projected the compilation of a
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, which was never exe-
cuted. Cradock tells us that Goldsmith's Introduction to
it was excellent.
GOL
1774: Grecian History, from the earliest State to the
D."!)th of Alexander the Great, 2 vols. 8vo.
-A most desirable abridgment, and may be put most safely into
youn" persons' hands; combining beauty and ability, and so at-
tracti"e as to hold children from their play." , , . j
"This work, although elegantly written, and highly calculated
to attract and interest young readers, enters into no critical dis-
cussion of disputed points, and is superficial and inaccurate."
'It would be unjust to estimate Goldsmith by the History of
Greece "— T. B. M.iCAi'HV ; see Gleig. George Hodert.
This work has been abridged, and many edits, have
appeared, edited by Coxe, Dymoek, Pinnock, Prince,
Simpson, &c.
Retaliation; a Poem : including Epitaphs on the most
distinguished Wits of the Metropolis, with explanatory
Observations, 4to. Reprinted with other pieces of the
author, 1777, 4to. A number of mock epitaphs had been
composed on Goldsmith, and Garrick's is preserved:
'■ Here lies poor Goldsmith, for shortness called Noll,
Who wrote like an angel but talkd like Poor Poll."
Goldsmith was called on for Retaliation, and he took it.
" Ketaliation had the effect of placing the author on a more equal
footing with his society than he had ever before assumed."— SlB
W.\i.TER Scott.
The portraits of Garrick and Reynolds in this poem have
excited especial .admiration.
History of the Earth and Animated Nature, 8 vols. 8vo.
" It is to science what his abridgements are to history; a book
which indicates no depth of research or accuracy of information,
but which presents to the ordinary reader a general and interest-
ing view of the subject, couched in the clearest and most beautiful
lan^ua^e, and abounding with excellent reflections and illustra-
tioi?s. 'it was of this work that Johnson threw out the remark
which he afterwards interwove in his friend's epitaph. — ' lie is now
writing a Natural History, and will make it as agreeable as a Per-
sian tale.'"— Sir Walter Scott. , ,_ ,.
" I remember him. when.inhisch.amberin the Temple, he showed
the beginning of bis Animated Nature, it was with a sigh, such as
genius'draws when hard necessity diverts it from its bent to drudge
for bread, and talk of birds and bea.sts and creeping things, which
Piddock's showman would have done as well. Poor lellow! he
hardly knew an ass from a mule, nor a turkey from a goose, but
when he saw it on the table. But publishers hate poetry, and
Paternoster liow is not Parnassus. '-A'lc/iurd Cumberland's Me-
"The descriptions and definitions are often loose and inaccurate,
and the chief defect of the work arises from its being a mere com-
pilation from books. It has therefore none of the fie.shness of
personal observation; nothing which awakens the curiosity and
inspires the confidence of the reader, as in the delightful pages of
White. Montague, or Rennie."— Jons .Miipobd: Life of GiMsmith.
Yet Mr. Mitford commends the work highly for the
beauty of its style and justness of the occasional reflec-
tions with which its pages arc interspersed. Another
biographer, whilst freely admitting the defects of this
work, remarks:
"There are yet m.any passages of exquisite c')H7i^rr/obsei'vation in
it; and not a lew in which the grace of diction, the choice of perfect
and finely-finished imagery, and an elegant clearness and beauty
in the tone of rettection, may compare with his best original com-
positions, in poetry or prose." — Iohn Forster: Life of Goldsmith.
"Goldsmith composed this work out of BulTon and others, in a
manner both amusing and instructive, although the scientific
acquirements of the author were uot suflScient to guard him
against numerous errors."
"He died in the midst of a triumphant course. Every year
that he lived would h.ive added to his reputation. There is assu-
redly no symptom of decadence in the picturesque pages of his last
work, the History of Animated Nature: a book which, not pos-
sessing indeed the character of authority only to be granted to
faithful reports of personal observation, is yet unequalled foi- clear-
ness of expression, and all the charms of a most -lacelul style.
Northcote tell us that he had just begun a novel beloi- bis death;
and a second Vicar of Wakefield may have been buried in the tomb
of Goldsmith."— Peof. Butler: Galleri/ of lUust. L-islnien: Gold-
smith : DuU. Univ. Mag., vii. 53.
Of the Animated Nature, the 2d edit, was pub. in 1779,
8 vols. Svo. New edit., 1791, 8 vols. 12mo; 18114, 4 vols.
8vo; 1800, 6 vols. 8vo. With corrects, and addits. by W.
Turton, M.D., 1816, 6 vols. 8vo. Natural History of Birds
and Beasts abridged, 1807, 12mo; 1807, 8vo; 1838, 4 vols.
24mo; 1850, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 1850, 18mo. Other eds.
The last quotation will have prepared the reader for the
I closing scenes of Goldsmith's life. He was at the Edgewaro
Cottage when he put the last touches to his Animated Na-
ture ; and here also he was completing the Grecian History,
making another Abridgment of English History for schools,
translating Scarron's Comic Romance, revising for James
Dodsley (for the sum of five guineas) a new edit, of his
Inquiry into Polite Learning, finishing his Survey of Ex-
perimental Philosophy, and writing his poem of Retaliation.
In the middle of March he arrived in London, labouring
under severe indisposition produced by sedentary htibits,
and " continual vexation of mind, arising from liis involved
circumstances." On the afternoon of the 2oth ho took to
his bed; but, instead of following judicious counsel, per-
sisted, against the advice of his physician, in swallowing
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large doses of James's Powders, which greatly aggravated
his disorder. "Towards the last it occurred to Doctor
Turton to put a very pregnant question to his patient,
* Yuur pulse,' he said, ' is in greater disorder than it should
be, fr'>m the degree of fever which yu have. Is your
mind at ease?' ' No, it is not,' was Goldsmith's melancholy
answer. They are the last words we are to hear him utter
in this world."
And now that death had forever removed from his
familiar haunts this simple-hearted, aifectionate man, — now
that those who had rudely spurted with his harmless
eccentricities, and uften made him the "butt of their
clumsy ridicule," ftdt that they should see his face no
more forever, — there was iinaEfected grief, and hearty, per-
chance profitable, contrition. Nor did such alune mourn
him : the ghiry of his age and of the English nation, the
most illustrious statesman and orator of his day, burst
into tears when he heard the sad news. The messenger
of death found Sir Joshua Reynolds in that studio from
whence had emanated so many exquisite conceptions of
the painter's genius : — but the mournful tidings took his
heart from his work; he felt that his "hand had lost its
cunning," laid by his pencil — " which in times of great
family distress" he had not been known to do — and left the
room fur the day.
And there were mourners, too, of a different rank of life
indeed, but those whose lamentations were as sincere, and
their grief as heartfelt; those in whose sorrow for their
departed benefactor there is in our eyes a value of no ordi-
nary worth, as in their prnyers for the living there is a
peculiar benediction. AVhen the poor and the needy, the
outcast and the forsaken, the "ruined spendthrift" and
the "aged beggar," heard that he who had out of his own
poverty ministered to their necessities should greet them
no more with the voice of kindness and the word and deed
of consolation and relief, they forgot the awful distance
which ordinarily excluded them from the presence of the
great, and crowded their wa}' to his humble lodgings, re-
gardless of the presence of fashionable friends who had
come to take their "last look at poor Goldsmith."
"On the stairs of his apartment there was the himentation of
the old and infirm, and the sobbipg of wonieii ; poor ol jeets of his
charity, to whom he had ne^er turned a deaf ear, even when
Btruj.'glin>; himself with poveity. . . . Mourners without a home,
without domesticity of any kind, with no fiiend but him they had
come to weep for: outcasts of that preat, solitary, wicked city, to
whom he had never forgotten to be kind and charitable."
And the beautiful Jessamy Bride, wliora perhaps poor
Goldsmith loved more than he ever loved any other
woman, — whose image was associated with his happiest
days on earth, — she was not absent at this hour ; the coffin
wjis opened at her request; and she bore away a lock of
his hair, which "she treasured to her dying day."
'•'1 was abroad at the time of his death,' writes Dr. McDonnell,
a youth whom when in distress he had employed as an amanuen-
sis, 'and I wept bitterly when the intelligence first reached me.
A blank came over my heart as if 1 had lost one of my nearest rela-
tives, and was followed for some days by a feeliug of despondency.'"
"•Of poor dear Uoldsniith,' write.*; Johnson, three months after
the event, 'there is little to be told more than the papers have
made public. He died of a fever, made, I am afraid, more vinlent
by uneasiness of mind. His debts be^ran to be heavy, and all his
resources were e.xhausted. ^fir Jcthua is of opinion that he owed
not less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trusted
before V "
The unhappy state of his affairs, thus alluded to, pre-
vented that pompous funeral with which his friends pro-
posed to testify their admiration of his genius and regret
for his loss.
He wns privately interred in the burial-ground of the
Temple Church ; but his monument in Westminster Abbey,
dignified by the celebrated epit,Tph of Johnson, and not
unworthy of the pen of the disciple of Sir Thomas Browne,
arrests the steps of the contemplative stranger as he lin-
gers in the aisles of the departed great. To that epitaph
who would not be willing to add the emphatic testimony
of its author to the genius of its subject? — " Let not his
tiiults be remembered : he was a very great man."
And now, in the calm review of the chequered life of the
author of the Traveller and the Deserted Village, his happy
childhood, his youth of suffering, his manhood of alternate
triumphs and mortifications, his last days of embarrass-
ment and trial, and his lonely death among strangers, un-
attended by one friend of his early years, who can refuse
the tribute of a tear to the touching lines in which the
stranger and pilgrim on the earth had breathed out his
earnest desire to die amidst the scenes of his childhood?
" In all my waud'riufrs round this world of caie,
Id all my priefs — and tlod has giv'n my share —
1 slill had hopes my latest hours to crown,
Amidst these humble bow'rs to lay me down;
To husband out life's taper at the close,
And keep the flame from wastinf;, by repose:
I still had hopes, for pride attends us still,
Amidst the swains to show my bookdearn'd skill,
Around my fire an eY'Ding group to draw,
And tell of all I felt, and all I s;iw ;
And. as a hare whom hounds and horns pursue
Pants to the place from whence at first she flew,
I still had hope.s my long vexations past,
Here to return — and die at home at last!"
We still have much to tell of Goldsmith, — many illus-
trations of his eccentricities, many anecdotes of his sim-
plicity; many evidences of his benevolence of heart; but
we have already extended his biography until, like Robin
in the churchyard, we are afraid to look behind us, and
compute the space. But let those who would find fault
with us for dwelling so long on Oliver Goldsmith turn at
once to the political economy, the commerce, the meta-
physics, of our volume. They are not at home here: to
quote Dr. Johnson's character of his Lichfield friend, their
" talk is of bullocks." And, now that we have banished
from our little company those who cannotsympathize with
the enthusiasm of which we are not ashamed and for which
therefore we offer no excuse, let us return to the contempla-
tion of a character which we cannot but warmly love, even
whilst unable at all times to commend.
The faults of Goldsmith, like the faults of other men, are
neither to be denied nor excused. His improvidence, his
fondness for games of chance, and his want uf high moral
and religious tone, are deeply to he deplored ; but that
genuine and ever-flowing benevolence of heart which few
have equalled, and perhaps none excelled, calls for our
unmixed admiration and hearty esteem. Of this amiable
trait we could produce many instances; — taking the blankets
from his own bed to cover a poor woman and her helpless
children; leaving a gay party in the midst of his amuse-
ments, or his bed in the dead of night to relieve a poor
creature in the street; pouring out his hard-earned pro-
fits like water to supply destitute authors with the comforts
of life; spending the wages of an usher's servitude in gin-
gerbread for the children and alms for those who lacked
bread; — but we must be content with the touching narra-
tive of one scene, which George C'olman has himself told
so well that we shall not attempt to tell it for him :
'• I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knee,
while he was drinking coffee, one evenini;, with my father, and
began to play with me: which amiable act I returned with the
ingratitude of a peevish brat, by giving him a very smart slap on
the face : it must have been a tingler, for it left the maiks of my
little spiteful paw upon his cheek. This infantile outrage was
followed by summary justice, and I was locked up by my indig-
nant father in an adjoining room, to undergo solitary imprison-
ment in the dark. Here I began to howl and scream most
abominably; which was no bad step towards liberation, since
those who were not inclined to pity me might be likely to set me
free, for the purpose of aliating a nuisance.
"At length a generous friend appeared to extricate me from
jeopardy, and that generous friend was no other than the man I
had so wantonly molested by assault and battery, — it was the
tender-hearted doctor himself, with a lighted candle in his hand,
and a smile upon his countenance, which was still partially red
from the effects of my petulance. I sulked and subbed, and be
fondled and soothed, till I began to btigbten. Goldsmith, who
in regard to children was like the Village Preacher he has so
beautifully described. — for
'Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed,' —
seized the propitious moment of returning good-humour; so he
put down the candle and began to conjure. He placed three hats,
which happened to he in the room, upon the carpet, and a shilling
under each : the shillings, he told me, wei-e England, France, and
ypaiu. ■ Hey. presto. cockoloruQi!' cried the doctor, and, lo! on
uncovering thft shillings which had been dispersed, each beneath
a separate hat, they were all found congregated under one. I was
no politician at five years old. and, therefore, might not have
wondered at the sudden revolution which brought England,
France, and Spain, all under one crown ; but, as I was also no
conjurer, it amazed me beyond measure. Astonishment might
have amounted to awe for one who appeared to me gifted with the
power of performing miracles, if the gnod-nature of the man bad
not obviated my dread of the magician : but, from that time,
whenever the doctor came to visit my father,
'I pluck'd his gown to share the good man's smile;'
a game at romps constantly ensued, and wf^ were always cordial
friends and merry playfellows. Our unequal companionship
varied somewhat in point of sports as I grew older, but it did not
last long; my senior playmate died, alas! in his forty-fifth year,
some months after I had attained my eleventh. His death, it has
been thought, was hastened hy 'mental intjuietude.' If this
supposition be true, never did the turmoils of life subdue a mind
more warm with sympathy for the misfortunes of our fellow-crea-
tures. But his character is tinmiliar to every one who reads : in
all the numerous accounts of his virtues and foililes. his genius
and absurdities, his knowledge of nature and his ignorance of the
world, his 'compassion for another's woe' wa.s always predomi-
nant; and ray trivial story of his humouring a froward child
weighs but a feather in the recorded scale of his benevolence."
We should hardly feel that our duty as a biographer
693
.GOL
GOL
was entirely fulfilled did we omit to nlliide rjither more
fully than we hiive yet dune to pour (iol(l.-iiiiti)'.s ineffectual
efforts to shine as a star of the first uKi;;nitii'le in that
brilliant galaxy of conversationists which could at the
same moment boast of a Johnson, a Burke, a Keynulds, a
Beauclerc, and a Langtun. Many amusing anecdotes of
Goldsmith's colloquial essays — not always unrewarded
with success — will be found in Boswell's Life of Juhnsou,
and iu other works which shall be cited before we con-
clude our notice.
•• t>f our friend Goldsmith he [Johnson] said. *Sir. he is so much
afraid of being unuoticed, tliat he often tallis merely lest you
should forget that he is in the coDip;iny.' BoswtLL: 'Yes, he
stands forward.' Johnson: -True, sir, but if a man is to stand
forward, he should wish to do it not io au awkward posture, not
in rajjs. not so as that he shall be exposed to ridicule.' Boswell:
'For my part, 1 like very well to hear honest tioldsmith talk
away carelessly.' Johnson : ' Why, yes, sir, but he should not
like to hear himself The misfortune of Goldsmith's conversa-
tion is this: he goes on without knowing how he is to get off.
His genius is great, but his knowledge is small. As they say of a
generous man, it is a pity he is not rith. we may say of Goldsmith,
it is a pity he is not knowing. He would not keep his knowledge
to himself. . . . Sir, he knows nothing, he has made up his mind
about nothing. . . . No man was more foolish when he had not a
pen in his hand, or more wise when be had. . . . Goldsmith
should not be forever attempting to shine in conversation : he has
not temper for it, he is so much mortified when he fails. Sir, a
game of jokes is composed partly of skill, partly of chance, as a
man may be beat at times by one who has not the tenth part of
his wit. Now Goldsmith's putting himself against another, is
like a man laying a. huudrcd to one who cannot spare the hun-
dred. It is not worth a man's while.' "
Boswell gives us a characteristic illustration of the
candid manner in which Goldsmith would let the company
know what was passing in his mind :
"Goldsmith, iu his diverting simplicity, complained one day,
in a mixed company, of Lord Camden : — 'I met him,' said he. ' at
Lord Clare's house in the country, and he took no more notice of
me than if I had been an ordinary man.' "
The laugh which Burke raised at his expense on the occa-
tion of the visit of some foreign ladies to London is an-
other proof that the popular poet, the charming novelist,
the successful dramatist, and the witty essayist, was not
disposed to underrate his claims to public admiration.
It is natural to wish to know something of the personal
appearance and social manners of those in whose works
or character we take an interest :
*' In person," says Judge Day, - he was short, .ibout five feet five
or six inches; strong, but not heavy, in make: rather fair in com-
plexion, with brown hair; such, at least, as could be distinguished
from his wig. His featui-es were plain, but not repulsive, — cer-
tainly not so when lighted up by conversation. His manners
were simple, natural, and perhaps on the whole, we may say. not
polished; at least without the refinement and good breeding
whii.h the exquisite polish of his compositi'-us would lead us to
exp-it He was always cheerful and animated, often, indeed,
boisterous in his mirth; entered with spirit into convivial society;
contributed largely to its enjoyments by solidity of information,
and the naivete and originality of his i-haracfer; talked often
without premeditation, and lavighed ]"ndly wilhout restraint."
But we promised to gratify the reader with the citations
of some opinions, in addition to the many which we have
already recorded, respecting the merits of several of Gold-
smith's most admired works, and his general characteristics
as a writer. This promise it now becomes us to fulfil.
The Vicar of Wakefield:
" Now Herder came, and together with his great knowledge
brought many other aids, and the later publications besides.
Among these he announced to us the ' A'icar of Wakefield' as an
excellent work, with the German translation of which he would
make us acquainted by reading it aloud to us himself. . . . The
delineation of this character [that of the 'excellent Wakefield']
on bis course of life through joys and sorrows, the ever-increasing
int-nst of the story, by the combination of the entirely natural
witli the strange and the .singular, make this novel one of the
best which has ever been written. ... I may suppose that my
readers know this work, and have it in memory ; whoever hears
it named for the first time here, as well as he who is induced to
read it again, will thank me."— Goethe : Truth and Poetry ; from
3Ii/ Own Life, Eiiglis?i trans.
The great German dwells at length upon the merits of
the work, but we must be content with our brief quota-
tion. He
•• Declared in his eighty-first year that it was his delight at the
age of twenty, that it had in a manner formed a part of his educa-
tion, influencing his taste and feelings throughout life, and that
he had recently read it again from beginning to end, with re-
newed delight, and with a grateful sense of the early benefit de-
rived from it."
This testimony will remind the reader of the eloquent
tribute of the Great Magician of the North :
"The admirable ease and grace of the narrative, as well as the
pleasing truth with which the principjil characters are designed,
make the Vicur nf Wahfuhl one of the most delicious morsels of
fictitious composition on which the human mind was ever em-
ployed. . . . We re.id the Vicar of Wahrfeld in youth and in atre;
We return to it again and again, and bless the memory of an
author who contrives so well to reconcile us to human nature."—
j>iiL Wai.tir Sour: Life of Goldsmith.
. ;• The humanity of the Vicar of Wakefield is less deep than that
of Hoft.'rick Kandom, but sweeter tinges of fancy are cast over it.
The sphere in which Goldsmith's power moved was never very ex-
tensive, but within it he discovered all that was good, and shed
on it the tenderest lights of his sympathizing genius. No one
ever excelled so much as he in depicting amiable follies and en-
dearing weaknesses. His satire makes us at ouce smile at and
love all that he so tenderly ridicules. The good Vicar's trust in
monogamy, his son's purehase of the spectacles, his own sale of
his horse to his solemn admirer at the tiiir, the blameless vanities
of his daughters, and his resignation under his accumulated sor-
rows, are among the best treasures of memory. The pastoral
scenes in this exquisite tale are the sweetest in the world. The
scents of the hay-field and of the blossoming hedge-ivws seem to
come freshly to our senses. The whole romance is a tenderly-
coloured picture, in little, of human nature's most genial quali-
ties.*'—Sir T. N. Talfoup.d: Afiscdl Wn'timjs.
" It is needless to expatiate upon the qualities of a work which
has thus passed from country to country, and language to lan-
guage, until it is now known throughout the whole reading
world, and is become a household book in every hand. The secret
of its universal and enduring populaiity is undoubtedly its truth
to natuie. but to nature of the most amiuMe kind; to nature such
as Goldsmith saw it. . . . Rogers, the Nestor of British literature,
whose refined purity of taste and exquisite mental organization
rendered him eminently calculated to appreciate a woi'k of the
kind, declared that of all the books, which, through the fitful
changes of three generations he had seen rise and fall, the charm
of the Vicar of Wakefield had alone continued as at first ; and
could he revisit the world after an interval of many more genera-
tions, he should as surely look to find it undiminished." — Wash-
ington Irving; Life of Goldsmith.
We give some opinions from other biographers and ad-
mirers of Goldsmith :
" Fortunately he had just finished his delightful history of the
Ticar of Wjikefield; a tale which, if I may without presumption
speak my own opinion, I should fur sweetness and simplicity of
style, truth of circumstance, adherence to nature, easy change of
incident, bright and clear delineation of character, apart from all
violent exaggeration, and command at once of the humourous and
pathetic, place among the very foremost productions of fiction. It
has the truth of Richardson without his minuteness, and the
humour of Fielding without his grossness : if it yields to Le Sage
in the diversified variety of his views of life, it far excels him in
the desciiplion of the domestic virtues, and the pleasing moral
of the tale." — Rev. John Mitford : Life of Goldsmith.
" With its ease of style, its turns of thought so whimsical yet
wise, and the humour and wit which sparkle freshly through its
narrative, we have all of us profitably amused the idle or the
vacant hour; from year to year we have had its tender or mirthful
incidents, its forms so homely in their beauty, its pathos and its
comedy, given back to us from the canvas of our Wilkes, Newtons,
and Stothards, our Leslies, Maclises. and Mulreadys; but not in
those graces of style, or even in that home cherished gallery of
familiar faces, can the secret of its extraordinary fascination be
said to consist. It lies nearer the heart. A something which has
found its way there; which, while it amused, has made us hap-
pier; which, gently inweaving itself with our habits of thought,
has increased our good-humour and charity; which, iu.sensibly it
may be. has corrected wilful impatiences of temper, and made the
woild's daily accidents easier and kinder to us all: somewhat
thus should be expressed. I think, the charm of the Vicar of
\V<tLeJi,!d."—JoHy FoRSTER: Life of Goldsmith
" liis Vicar of Wakefield has charmed all Europe. What reader
is there in the civilized world who is not the better for the story
of the washes which the worthy Dr. riimrose demolished so de-
liberately with the poker— for the knowledge of the guinea which
the Miss Primroses kept unchanged in their pockets, — the adven-
ture of the picture of the Vicar's family, which could not be got
into the house.— and that of the Flamborough family, all painted
%vith oranges in their hands. — or for the story of the case of
shagreen spectacles and the cosmogony?" — H.*zlitt: Lectures on
the, EmjUsh Ports.
•'Look ye now, for one moment, at the deep and delicate hu-
mour of Goldsmith. How at his touch the veni.il iufirmiries and
vanity of this good Vicar of Wakefield live lovingly before the
mind's eye! How we sympathize with poor jVIoses in that deep
trade of his for the green spectacles! How all our good wisbes
for aspiring rusticity thrill lor the showman who would let his
bear d.-vnce only to the genteelest tunes!" — Whipple: Lectures;
Wit and Humour.
The TRAVELLEit; a Poem:
"We talked of Goldsmith's Traveller, of which Dr. Johnson
spoke highly; and while I was helping him on with hi'; great-
coat, he repeated from it the character of the British nation,
which he did with such energy that the tear started into his eye:
" ' Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
With daring aims irregularly great,
Pride in their port, defiance "in their eye,
1 see the lords of human kind pass by.
Intent on high designs, a thoughtful" band,
By forms unfashion'd, fresh from nature's hand;
Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
True to imagined light, above cnntroul,
While even the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
And learns to venerate himself as mam' "
BoswelVs Life ofjnhnsrm.
Here we have epigrammatic terseness indeed; but the
character of a nation of a very difterent complexion is
even still more concisely expressed :
'There is, perhaps, no couplet in KmiHsh rhyme more per-
spicuously condensed than these two hnes of The Traveller, in
«GI,
GOL
which the author describes the at once flattering, vain, and happy
character of the French.
['They please, are pleased, thoy f^ive to get esteem,
Till, seeming blest, they grow to what they seem.']"
Thomas Campbell.
"The Traveller is indeed a very finished and a very noble poem.
The Sentiments are always interesting, generally just, and often
new; the imagery is elegant, picluresiiue, and occasionally sub-
lime; the language is nervous, highly finished, and full of har^
mony.'' — Sir S. Eoerton BRTDOEa: Life of Goldsmith in Coisura
LiUraria,
"In The Traveller Goldsmith has expressed, in verse of un-
equalled grace, the philosophy of man and of society which in
other forms pervades his entire writings. The docti-ine he dis-
closes in this poetical survey is the basis of all that strain of
universal tolerance and moderation which constituted the whole
extent of his political and moral views. And doubtless it is no
bad philosophy. . . . Uowever the philosophy of The Traveller
may be [tniisfd or censured, there is, we presume, little dispute
about thi- pM,-try. There has seldom been so much lively and
varied desi-ription comprised in so small a space, and ornamented
with moral assni-iatiniis so (tJUL'hing and true." — Prof, Butler :
Gallety of Jltust. IrixliDirn : Duhl. Vviv. Mag., vii. 51, 5*2.
"The Traveller has the most ambitious aim of Goldsmith's
poetical compositions. The author, placed on a height of the
Alps, muses and moralizes on the countries around hifli. His
object, it appears, is to show the equality of happiness which con-
-sists with diversities of circumstances and situations. The poeni
is. therefore, mainly didactic. Description and retiection are sul>-
servient to an ethii'al purpose, and this purpose is never left out
of sight. The descriptive passages are all vivid, but some of them
are imperfect. Italy, for instance, in its prominent aspects, is
boldly sketched. We are transported to the midst of its moun-
tains, woods, and temples; we are under its sunny skies, we are
embosomed In its fruits and flowers, we breathe its fiagi*ant air,
and we are charmed by its matchless landscapes; but we miss
the influence of its arts, and the solemn impression of its former
graudeur. We are made to survey a uatiim in degeneracy and
decay ; but we are not relieved by the glow of RafTael, or excited
by the might of the Coliseum." — IIenrt Giles: Lectures and Es-
says: Oliver Goldsmith.
The Desertep Village; a Poem:
"The Deserted Village has an endearing locality, and introduces
us to beings with whom the imagination contracts an intimate
friendship. Fiction in poetry is not the reverse of truth, but her
soft and enchanted resemblance; and this ideal beauty of nature
has been seldom united with so much sober fidelity as in the
groups and scenery of the Deserted Village." — Thomas Campbell.
'•The Deserted Village is a poem far inferior to The Traveller,
though it cont;tius many beautiful passages. I do not enter into
its pretensions to skill in political economy, though, in that respect,
it contains a strange mixture of important truths. My business
is with the poetry. Its inferiority to its predecessor [The Traveller]
arises from its comparative want of compression, as well as of fon'o
and novelty of imagery. Its tone of melancholy is more sickly,
and some of the descriptions which have been most praised ai'o
marked by all the poverty and flatness, and indeed are peopled
with the sort of comic aud grotesque figures, of a Flemish land-
scape."—Sir S. JiGERTON Brvdoes; Life of GoUlamith in Censiira
Litcrnria.
Read this remarkahle piece of criticism, — that on The
Deserted Village, — with which we imagine lew readers will
concur.
"ilm the tells the transport with which the circle he now lived
in hatli-d it. when they found tln-nisehes once more as in another
beloved Wakefield; and with what zeal he at once set to work to
translate it into German. One tribute he did not hear, and was
never conscious of; yet from truer heart or finer genius ho bad
none, ami none that should have given him greater pride. Gray
was pas-ill:^ tbe siunnier at Malvern (the last summer of his life)
with bis fi ii-nd Ni'bi'lls. when the poem came out; and he desired
^■ichl.)lls f'l read it alnud to him. He listened to it with fi.\ed nt^
teution from the beginning to the end. and then exclaimed, "That
man is a poet.' . . . All the characteristics of the first poem (Tbe
Traveller] seem to me developed in the second; with as chaste
simplifity, with as choice selectness of natuial expression, in verso
of as musical cadence; but with yet greater earnestness of pur-
pose, and a tar more human interest. . . . Within the circle of its
claims and preleiisidos. a more entirely satisfactory delightful poem
than the Deserted \'illage was probably never written. It lingers
in the memory whei'e once it has entered; and such is the soften-
ing influence (on the heart even more than the underst.anding) of
the mild, tender, yet clear light which makes its images sn distinct
and lovely, that there are few who have not wished to rate it hiL'her
than poetry of yet higher genius. ' What true and pretty pastoral
images,' exclaimed Burke, years after the poet's death, ■ has Gold-
smith in his Deseited Villagel They beat all : Pope and I'hillips,
and Sppnscr too. in my opinion.'" — John Forster: Li f • nf Gobi smith.
*'Aswg do not pretend in this summary memoir to go into a
criticism or analysis of any of Goldsmith's wi-itiugs. we shall not
dwell upon the peculiar merits of this poem; we cannot help no-
ticing, however, how truly it is a mirror of the author's heart, and
of all the fond pictures of early fiiends and early life forever present
there. It seems to us as if the very last acmunts received fimn
home, of his ■ shattered family,' and tin- di-s<.]:itinn that siemed to
have Settled upon the haunts of his <qiildli"T.,i- ii;id cut to the ronts
one fondly-cherished hope, and produced the fuUuwiug exquisitely
tender and mournful lines:
"'III all my wand'rings round this world of care,
In all my griefs — and God has giv'n my share' —
[Quotation continued to and including the line " Here to return
and die at home at last."]
••How touchingly expressive are the succeeding lines, wrung
from a heart which all the trials and temptations and hutTetings
of the world could not render worldly; which, amid a thousand
follies and errors of the head, still retained its childlike innocence;
and which, doomed to struggle on to the last amidst the din and
turmoil of the metropolis, had ever been cheating itself with a
dream of rural quiet aud seclusion :
'"Oh bless'd retirement! friend to life's decline,
Ketreats from care that never must he num.' "
[Quotation continued to and including the line "His heaven
commences ere the world be past."]
Washinoton Iryixg: Life of Goldsmith.
"Yet even tbe Traveller had not shewn the perfection which
Goldsmith's genius was capable of attaining. It remained for him
still to present to his countrymen a poem which contains a more
accurate portraiture of nature in one of its sweetest phases, a more
profound pathos, and a more exquisite selectlonof affecting images
than any production of its class in this or in any other language."
— Prof. Butler: Gallery of lllust. Irishmen: GoklsmUh: Jjubl.
Univ. Mag., vii. b'2.
The Citizen of the World ; or, Letters of a Chinese
Philosopiiek.
'■ Goldsmith's Citizen of the World. like all his works, bears the
stamp of the author's mind. It does not 'go about to cozen repu-
tation without the stamp of merit.' He is more observing, more
original, more natural and picturesque than Johnson. His work
is written on the model of the Persian Letters, and contrives to
give an abstracted and somewhat perplexing view of things, by
opposing foreign prepossessions to our own, and thus stiipping
objects of their customary disguises. Whether truth is elicited in
this collision of contrary absurdities. I do not know; but I confess
the process is too amliiguous and full of intricacy to be very amu.s-
ing to my plain understanding. For light summer reading it is like
walking through a garden full of traps and pitfalls. . . . Beau Tibbs,
a prominent character in this little work, is the best comic sketch
since the time of Addison; uniivalleil in his fancy, his vanity,
and his poverty." — Hazlitt: On tin' I'e rim Heal Essayists.
'■ If in any of his writings Goldsmith could be truly said to have
echoed the measured tone of Johnson, it was probably in his most
varied and agreeable Citizen of the World; a work written at a
period when his geiiius was scarcely yet independent enough to
allow of abjuring allegiance to tbe reigning powers of literature.
Yet even here an imitation is but sometimes perceptible, and when-
ever it occurred was. perhaps, only the involunt.iry work of the
ear taking up the rich and elaborate harmony which it was most
accustomed to hear, and which, in those days, was seldom heard
unaccomjianied liy unqualified manifestations of almost rapturous
applause. ... Of that g,ay and sparkling facetiousuess whi<h he
himself was wont to admire so highly in other writers, the instances
in this collection are innumerable." — Prof, Butler: Gallrry of
lllust. Irishmen: Goldsmith: Dubl. Univ. Mtrg., vii. 44, 45.
Having thus given copious quotations from eminent
authorities respecting the best-known of tbe productions
of Goldsmith, we imagine that tbe reader will not be dis-
pleased if we enlarge our article by citing opinions on tho
general characteristics of an author so justly distinguished
and so general a favourite.
" A man of such variety of powers, and such felicity of per-
formance, that he always seemed to do best that which he was
doing; a man who had the ai-t of being minute without tedious-
ness, and general without confusion ; whose language was co)>ious
without e.\uberance. exact without constraint, and easy without
weakness." — Dr. Johnsox : Life if Dr. Parnell.
"Whether, indeed, we take him as a poet, as a comic writer, or
as a historian, be stinds in the first class. ... He deserved a place
in Westminster Abbey ; and every year he lived would have de-
served it better.'' — Dr. Johnson : Lip by BnsioeU.
On another occasion, when Goldsmith's character was
attacked by some who were dining at Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds's, Johnson exclaimed with warmth, *' Is there a man,
sir, now, who can pen an essay with such ease and elegance
as Dr. Goldsmith ?"
"Tbe wreath of Goldsmith is unsullie.I; be wrote toexalt virtu©
and expose vice; and he accomplished bis task in a niannerwhich
raises him to the highest rank among British authors. We close
his volume with a sigh that such an author should have written
so little from the stores of his own genius, and that he should have
been so prematurely removed from the sphere of literature which
he so highly adorned." — Sir Walter Scott: Life <f Gi'ld smirk.
"Goldsmith, both in verse and pro.se, was one of the most delight-
ful writers in the language. Ills verse flows like a limpid stream.
His ease is quite unconscious. Every thing in him is spontaneous,
unstudied, unaffected; yet elegant, harmonious, graceful, and
nearly taultless. ... As a poet, he is the most flowing and elf};-int
of our versifiers since Pope, with traits of artless nature which
Pope had not. and with a peculiar felicity in his turns upon words,
which he constantly repeated with delightful effect." — IIxzlitt.
"As for Goldsmith and Chun-hill, whatever they have ajipeared
to owe to Pope, they are remembered and admired for what they
possessed independent of him, each having wealth enough of his
own to be a freeholder of Parnassus, after paying off any mortgage
on his little estate due to that enormous capitalist." — Jas. Mont-
GOMERV : Lect. on Mod. Eng. Lit.
" Goldsmith I have ah'eady had occasion to mention several times
in the course of these Lectures, as the various classes of Ji^nglish
Poetry in which he has written have come under our review. He
now appears before us in the character of a Didactic Poet; and
what can I say of him better than by repeating the true and elo-
quent eulogium in bis Kpitapb?
'Nullum quod tetigit non ornavit.'
The 'Traveller* and "The Deserted Village' scarcely claim any
notice from me. They are in every one's hands; they live in
every one's memory ; they are felt in everyone's heart; they are
daily the delight of millions." — Henet Neele: Lects. on Eng. L'oei.
6Dd
GOL
"There is something in Goldsmith's prose that, to my ear is
uncommonly sweet and harmonious; it is clear, simple, easy to be
understood; we never want to read his periods twice over, except
lor the pleasure it bestows; obscurity never calls us hack to a
repetition of it. That he was a ptwt there is no doubt; but the
paucity of his verse does not allow us to rank him in that hi-h
station where his genius might have carried him. There must be
bulk, \aiiety. and grandeur of dcsiin to constitute a first-rate
poet. — IticiiARD CUMEERL.tND: Memoirs.
Prof. Butler criticizes Cumberland's comments— the
whole of which we have not quoted, and the reader, we
think, will be gratified with the professor's comments : see
Gallery of Illust. Irishmen ; Goldsmith ; Dub. Univ. Mag.,
vii. 52, 5.'i. See also Sir S. Egerton Bryilges's criticism
on Cumberland's comments; Censura Literaria.
"Goldsmith, Cowper, Burns, are all original, and all uneiiualled
In their w;iy. Falconer is another whose works will last forever.'"
—Robert .Southey: Life and Carresp.; LetUr to G. C. Bedford
Afril 13, 1806.
'■Where is the poetry of which one-half is good? Is it the
^neidt is it Miltnn's? is itDryd^msf is it'anv one's except Bijie's
and Goldsmith's, of which all is good?'— ioirf Biirrni to Miirrau
April 23, 1820. "
" His pictures may be small, may be far from historical pieces,
amazing or confounding us; may be even, if severest criticism
will have it so. mere happy tableaux de genre hanging up against
our walls: but their colours are exquisite and unfadingT they
have that fiimiliar sweetness of household expression which wins
their welcome alike where the rich inhabit, and in huts where
poor men lie; and there, improving and gladdening all. they are
likely to hang for ever."— John Forster: i?/e ,/ GolUsmitli.
Washington Trying — the very sight or sound of whose
beloved name never fails to excite pleasing emotions in
thousands of bosoms at home and abroad — in the preface
to his Life of Goldsmith pays the following be.autiful
tribute to his author:
" For my own part, I can only regret my shortcomings in what
to me is a labor of love ; for it is a tribute of gratitude to the
memory of an author whose writings were the delight of my child-
hood and have been a source of enjoyment to me thioughout life ;
and to whom, of all others, I may address the beautiful .ipostropho
of Iiaut« to Virgil :
" ' Tu se' lo mio maestro, e '1 mio autore :
Tu se' solo colui da cu' io tolsi
Lo hello stile, che m" ha fatto onore.' "
"The prose of Goldsmith is the model of perfection, and the
standard of our language; to equ.al which the elTorts of most
would be vain, and to exceed it, every expectation follv " —
Headley.
"Goldsmith is one of the most various and most pleasing of
English writers. He touched upon every kind of excellence, and
that with such inimitable grace, that where he liiiled of originality
most he had ever a freshness and a charm." — Mrs. ,S. C. Hall.
"But ncine of us probably ever thiuk of weighing his political
opinions, or his claims to the title of a great philosophical poet
His fame and inHuence depend on neither. We are not gratefui
to him because he possesses extraordinary poetical power. There
Is so much of genuine feeling, just thought, true description, and
sound moral distinction, in these poems, [The Traveller and The
Deserted \'illage,] the language is so clear, the strain so liquid,
the general style not quite magnificent, but yet of such an easy,
natural elevation and dignity, that they glide into our affections
and memory in youth, and are never displaced, we apprehend, by
the more exciting pleasures, the more subtile and complicated
conceptions, which we owe in later years to poetry of a iiir hi^-hcr
and infinitely more varied character."— E. T. Channing : JV. Amer
lim., xlv. 91-110.
_ It would not be difficult to greatly extend our quota-
tions,—indeed the difficulty is to refrain from quoting,
■with so many authorities yet unnoticed at our elbow;
but there must be an end to the longest article, and this
is already sufficiently extenderl. Of the three principal
biographies of our author we have already discoursed at
some length in our notice of John Forster, to which the
reader is referred.
Of edits, of Goldsmith's histories, the Vicar of Wake-
field, the Deserted Village, and The Traveller, the name
is legion. His Poet, and Dramat. Works were first col-
lected and pub. in 1780, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo; 17SB, 8vo ;
1791, 2vols. 12mo; 1808, Svo; 1816. Miscell. Works, with
Life and Essays, Perth, 1792, 7 vols. 12mo. With Life
and Writings, Lon., 1801, 4 vols. Svo; 1S06, 5 vols. 12mo;
1807, 4 vols. 8vo ; 1812, 4 vols. Svo ; 1820, 4 vols. Svo.
But these and all preceding edits, were thrown into the
shade in 1836 by the publication of Prior's edit, of Gold-
smith's Miscellaneous Works, with Life of the Author, 6
vols. Svo. Contents: Vol. I. The Bee : Es.says ; Present
State of Polite Learning, Ac. ; Prefaces and Introduction.
IL Citizen of the World; Introduction to the Study of
N.atural History. IIL Vicar of Wakefield ; Biographies
of Voltaire, Nash, Parnell, and Bolingbroke : Miscella-
neous Criticism. IV. Poems; The Good-Natured Man;
She Stoops to Conquer; The Grumbler; Criticism relating
to Poetry and the Belles- Lettres. V., VI. Prior's Life of
Goldsmith.
"This is the only complete edition containing additions made
to previous collections of Goldsmith, which perhaps it would be
GOL
safe to say constitute nearly one.half of the collection in the pre-
sent edition. This edition is the only one having anvjuet claim
to a pl.ve. as embodying the full perfofmances of Goldsmith, and as
the fair exponent of his genius." — Lort. Quar. Rev.
The same eminent authority commends the letters of
Goldsmith, collected by Mr. Prior's indefatigable industry,
in researches extending from 1826 to 1S;J6 :
"No poet's letters in the world. not even those of Cowper. ap-
pear to us more interesting for the light they thr-ow on tbe habits
and feelings of the man that wrote them: and we think it will also
be ackuowledged that the simple gracefulness of their language is
quite worthy of the author of the Vicar of Wakefield. We may
differ from many of our readers as to all the rest, but we are con-
fident that if .Mr. Prior had done, and should do. nothing else, the
services he h.as rendered to literature by recovering and recording
these beautifully characteristic effusions would be enough to
secure honour to his memory. And who will not be rejoiced to
hear that in one instance at least the best secondary monumeut
of a great Irish genius has also been erected by an liish hand?"
Mr. Prior doubtless richly deserves all that can be said
in praise of his labours; but even his excellent edition of
the Works of Goldsmith has been superseded within the
last year or two by Peter Cunningham's edition, 1854,
4 vols. Svo, forming the first issue of Murray's British
Classics. For an account of this edition, see Cunningham,
Peter.
Of the many be.autiful editions of The Vicar of W.ake-
field, we must especially note the one embellished with
thirty-two Illustrations by Wm. Mulready, Lon., 184.'!,
cr. Svo.
" It is the nearest to perfection of any volume that has hitherto
issued from the British press."— ioi!. Art. Union Jour., Jan. 1843,
" One of tbe most beautiful editions of any standard author
that has appeared for many years, and decidedly the best which
has ever been published of this deservedly popular English clas-
sic."—Fni(erf Service Gazette, Jan. 7, 1843.
" Briefly, we have no hesitation in asserting the superiority of
these designs as works of art illustrative of family lite over every
thing that has been done in recent times either in France or Qer^
many, or our own country." — Lon. Athenantm, Jan. 21, 1843.
The reader must also procure the editions of the "Vicar
of Wakefield, illustrated respectively by Westall, Richter,
Thoni.is, and Absolon. We must also notice, as a v.aluable
companion to the modern editions of Goldsmith's Works,
an edition of his Poetical Work.s, with Remarks attempt-
ing to ascertain from local observation the actual scene
of the Deserted Village, embellished with seven illustra-
tive engravings, by Mr. Aitkin, from dr.awings taken on
the spot. By the Rev. R. H. Newell, B.D., 1811. 4to. Nor
must the collector of a (Joldsmith Library consider that
he has done justice to his design until he can number
among his treasures — a fit companion for the Deserted
Village, illustrated by the Etching Club, before noticed —
the beautiful edition of The Poetical Works of our great
author, illustrated by Wood Engravings from the designs
of G. W. Cope, A.R.A. ; Thomas Creswick, A.R.A.; J.
C. Horsley; R.Redgrave, A.R.A. ; and Fred. Taylor,
members of the Etching Club ; with a biogr,aphical
Memoir, and Notes on the Poems. Edited by Bolton
Corney, 1845, Svo. This beautiful volume has been
already noticed. See Coknev, Bolton.
Wo have referred to that h.appy individual of good taste
and excellent judgment, — perhaps yon claim the appella-
tion, gentle reader, — the collector of a "Goldsmith Li-
brary." Ho will thank us for indicating sources of in-
formation, in addition to any little aid our humble labours
m,ay have afTorded him, respecting his favourite author.
Let him then consult — Life prefixed to (ioldsmith's
Works, Lon., 1801, also 1807, 4 vols. Svo, principally
written by Bishop Percy; Johnson's and Chalmers's Eng-
lish Poets, 1810; Life by Sir S. Egerton Brydges, in the
Censura Literaria, vol. vii., 2d ed., 1815; Chalmers's Biog.
Diet.; Life by Rev. John Mitford; Life by James Prior;
Life by John Forster; Life by Washington Irving;
Northcote's Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds ; Cradock's Me-
moirs; Davies's Life of Garrick; Boswell's Life of John-
son; Miss Hawkins's Anecdotes; Colman's Random Re-
cords; Cumberland's Memoirs; Northcote's Conversations;
Hawkins's Life of Johnson ; Prof. Butler's Gallery of Illust.
Irishmen, in Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 26-54; Do Quincey's
Essays on the Poets, Ac. ; various authorities quoted from
or referred tu iu preceding pages; also the fullowin"
articles:— in Edin. Rev., Ixv. 108, lxx.\viii. 102; Lon.Quar!
Rev., Ivii. 149; N. Brit. Rev., ix. 100; N. Amcr. Rev., (by
E. T. Channing.) xlv. 91,lxx. 265; Bl.ickwood's Mag.,
Ixvii. 137, 297, liii. 771; Eraser's Mag., xv. 387; South.
Lit, Messenger, (by H. T. Tuckcrmiin,) vi. 207.
Goldsoil, Wm. Catechism, Lon., 1595, Svo.
Goldson, U'ni. Medical Treatises, Lon., I7S7, 1S04,
'05. Observ. on the Passage between tbe Atlantic and
Pacific, Portsm., 1 793, 4to. Prefixed is a historical abridg-
ment of discoveries in the north of America.
GOL
GOO
Goldwcll, Charles, Reason's Metamorphosis and
Restnratinn. &c.. I'Ml.
Goldwell, Henry. A Briefe Declaration of the
Shews. I>evii_es, Ae. before the Quecuc's Mnjestie and the
J'rench Ambassadors in Whitsun weekc, loSl.
"Only oiif ''"pv known." — Lnwndes^s Bibl. Mini.
Sold at different times at £6 6« to £S ISv 6c/. It is re-
printed in Nichols's Progresses of Q. Elizabeth.
Goldwin, Wm. Serms., 1707-Sl. Poet. Descrip. of
Bristol, 17ol, 8vo. Revised by T. Smart.
Golledge, John. 1. Adam's Death. Lon., 1789, '90,
Svo. 2. Ahx. Crumbie's Phil. Necess., 1799, 12mo.
Golovin, Ivan, b. ISIO, in Russia, educated at Berlin
and Heidelberg; was exiled by the Czar in 1843, and be-
came a naturalized Englishman in \Si6. 1. Political
Science to teach Sovereigns how to Govern. 2. Russia
under Nicholas. 1845. This w()rk attracted considerable
attention throughout Europe, and was translated into seve-
ral languages. 3. The Russian Political Catechism. 4,
Memoirs of a Russian Priest. 5. The Caucasus and the
Nations of Russia and Turkey, 1S33. He visited the U.S.
in 1S55. and pub. a series of Letters in the N.Y. Tribune,
and the Nat. Intelligencer, at Washington. On his return
to England, he issued a volume entitled (G) Stars and Stripes;
or, American Impressions.
Golt. Divine Hist, of the Genesis of the World, 1670, 4to.
Golty, Richard. Serm., Lon., IGSS, 4ti>.
Gomersal, or Goiner^all, Robert, n;00-1646, a
native of London, educated at Christ Church, 0.\f., became
Vicar of Thornconibe, Devonshire. 1. The Levite's Re-
venge, containing Poetical Meditations on Judges, chaps.
iix. and xx., Lon., 162S, '33, Svo. 2. Lodowick Sforza, Duke
of Milan ; a Tragedy, 1628, '32, 12mo. With No. 1, ^c,
1633, '38, 12mo.
" He was esteemed excellent for dramatic poetry." — Athen. Ozon.
3. Serms. on 1 Pet. ii. 13-16, Camb.. 1634, 4to.
'*A very tlorid preacher." See Bliss's ed. of Athen. Oxon., where
will be found a ppeciinen of tJomersall's poetry.
Goniersall, Mrs. A, 1. Eleanora; a Nov., Lon.,
1789. 2 vols. 12ino. 2. The Citizen; a Nov., 1790, '91, 2
vols. 12nio. 3. The Disappointed Heir, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gonim, James. Narrative of Events in St. Marcou,
Lon.. ISUI, '07, 8vo.
Gomni, John. Hist. Inquiry resp. the performance
on the Hiirp in the Highlands of Scotland, 1807, 4to.
Gompertz, Benj. Mathematics, 1817, Ac.
Gonipertz, John. 1. Time, or Light and Shade; a
Poem, 4to. 2. The Modern Antique, or The Muse in the
Costume of Queen Anne; a Poem, Svo. See Anti-Jac.
Rev., Nov. ISIS. 3. Devon; a Poem, Svo.
Gouson, Sir John. Charges to Juries, 1728, '29, *fee.
Gonzales, 3Ianoel. Voyage to Great Britain.
This will be found in vol. i. of Osborne's Voyages, and
in vol. ii. of Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels. It was
written by an Englishman — perhaps by Daniel Defoe.
Gooch, Benjamin, D.D., an eminent surgeon. Sur-
gery, Lon., 1758, Svo. Enlarged, Norw., 1767, 2 vols. Svo.
Appendix, Lon., 1773, Svo. Profess, con. to PhiL Trans.,
I7H9. 7.').
Gooch, Bernard. The Whole Art of Husbandrie,
Lon., 1614, 4to. We find this in the Bibl. Brit., but
doubtless it is Barnaby Googe's Eouro Bookes of Hus-
bandrie. 4th ed.
Gooch, Eliza S. V. R. Novels, &c., 17SS-1804.
Gooch, Robert, M.D., 1784-1830, a native of Yar-
mouth, practised in Croydon, and subsequently in Lon-
don, (from ISU,) with great reputation and success.
1. Diseases peculiar to Women, Lon., 1829, Svo. 3 eds.
have appeared in America.
''Distinguished in a very uncommon degree for originality,
precision, aud vigour of thought." — Dr. Fergusson: Lon. Qiiar.
Eev., sli. K3-1S3. Read this interesting essay on iusanity, Ac.
"The most valuable work on that subject iu any language; the
chapters on puerperal fever and puerperal madness are pruhably
the most important additions to practical medicine of the present
age." — Lives »/ Bi-ilish r/it/sidans.
2. Women and Children, Svo. 3. Compendium of Mid-
wifery, prepared by George Skinner, 12mo. 4 eds. in
America.
'■Among these great masters [of medical science] Robert Gooch
will always staod pre-eminent." — Amer. Jour. Med. Science.
'■Never was a man more desirous of doing all in his jiower to-
wards diuiiuishing the sum of human misery." — Kobert Southet:
Life and O/rresp., q. v.
Gooch was a contributor to the Lon. Quar. Rev., and
pub. iu that periodical some valuable papers on the Plague,
Anatomy, Ac. See Lives of Brit. Physicians, No. 14 of
Murray's Family Library.
Gooch, Sir Thomas, Bart, d. 1754; Bishop of Bris-
tol, 17tJ7 ; trans, to Norwich, 1738; to Ely, 1748. 1. Serm.,
1711, 4to. 2. Funl. Serm., \1\?>, Svo and 4to. 3. Fast
Serm., 1740. 4to.
Gooch, Rev. W. General View of the Agricult. of
Cambridgeshire, Lon., 1811, Svo.
'■ The work is very neatly performed, and in a superinr manner.
The authnr shows a very liberal spirit on agiicultural pnlicy. and
much sound knowledge on piactical subjects.'" — Donaldson's Agi'ir
cult. Biiiij.
Good, B. Hanover Treaty, Lon., 1727, Svo.
Good, J. E. Serm. on the Mount, 1829, Svo.
"Thfse lectures are very perspicuous, resembling windows of
clear rather than painted glass; they are of very convenient
length, and much like a pious and beuevolent companion, who,
if he travels with you but a shoit way, gives you much and ;ood
informalinn." — Lwn. Bnptist Mag.
Good, Joliii. Works ..n Dialling. Lon.. 1711, '30, Svo.
Good, John Mason, M.D., 17fi4-1827. one of the
most probnindly learned Englishmen of modern days, waa
a native of Epping, Essex, and the son of a dissenting mi-
nister. At tifteen he was i)hiced apprentice with a surgeon
at Gosport, and in 17S4 coninienced praclice at Sudbury.
In 171*3 he removed to London, where he practised as a
surgeon and apothecary, and in 1S20, having received a
diploma from the University of Aberdeen, became a phy-
sician. An interesting biographical sketch of Dr. G. will
be found in the Lou. Gent. Mag. for March, IH27 ; and a
Memoir of his Life was pub. by his friend Dr. Olinllius Gre-
gory, Lon., 1S2S, Svo. 1. Maria; an Elegiac Ode, Lon.,
1786, 4to. 2. Diseases of Prisons and Poor-Houyes, 1795,
12mo. 3. Hist, of Medicine as far as it relates to the pro-
fession of an Apothecary, 1795, 12mo. 4. Piuish Work-
houses, 179S, 1805, Svo. 5. Address to the Corp. of Sur-
geons, 1800, Svo. 6. Song of Songs, or Sacred Idyls,
Trans, from the Hebrew, with notes crit. and explan.,
1803, Svo.
"Dr. Good considers the Song of Solomon neither a continued
epithalamium nor a regular drama, but a collection of idyls on a
common subject, — the loves of the Hebrew monarch and his fair
bride. Into the mystical design of the poem (though, with
Lowth and liorner. he believed it to h:tve one) he enters little;
so that the spirituality of the liibie nowhere appears in the version
or the notes. Admitting his hypothesis to be cori-ect. and con-
sidering the Song of Songs merely as an oriental collection of love-
songs, Dr. Goods version cannot be denied the praise of elegance
and general accuracy. He fir.st gives a kind of literal prose trans-
lation, and then, on the opposite page, a metrical version. 'J'he
notes follow at the end, and di.splay a great prolusion of ancient
and modern learning. As lar as religion is concerned, however,
tUe.reader may as well cousult the odes of Horace or the pastorals
of Virgil."— Orjne'ji Bild. Bib.
"So much elegant learning and successful illustration we have
seldom seen within so email a compass as the presL'Ut volume." —
Brit. Crit., O. S., xxvi. 454, 455. See also Lou. Mouth. Hev., N. S.,
xivii. oUi2-or.i.
7. Triumph of Britain; an Ode, 1S03. S. Memoirs of
the Life and Writings of Alex. Geddes, LL.D., 1803, Svo.
See Geddes, Alexander, LL.D. 9. The Nature of Thing.s;
a Didactic Pt.iem, trans, from the Latin of Titus Lucretius
Cams, with the original text and Notes philolog. and es.-
plan., 1805-07, 2 vols. 4to.
" A noble translation; the notes contain a vast vaiiety of mis-
cellaneous literature." — DR.CLAUtiE.
■'These vast volumes are more like the work of a learned Ger-
man professor, than of an ungraduated Knglishman. They dis-
play e.stensive eiudilion, considerable judgment, and some taste;
yet, upon the wliolo, tbey are e.\tremely heavy and uninteresting,
and the le^iding emnti^ju they excite in the reader is that of sym-
pathy with the fatigue the author must have undergone in the
compilation. . . . The truth is, that Mr. Good, though very intelli-
gent, is veiy indiscriminate in the selection of his informalion;
and though, for the most part, sufticiently candid and judicious in
his remarks, is at the same tini.- iutnlerably dull and tedious. He
has no vivacity; no deii.acy of t;i,-ie or fancy; very little origi-
nality ; Jiud a gift of extreme piolixity. His prose is better than
bis poetry ; his reasonings are mojo to be trusted to than his criti-
cism; and his statements and explanations are of more value than
his argument." — Lmui Jeffrey: Bdin. Bev., x. 217-".i34.
*' Almost every polished langu.age, Asiatic as well as European,
is laid under coutiibution; and the versions which uniformly
accompany the numerous parallelisms and i|Uotations are. for the
most part, executed iu a masterly style," — Lon. Gent. Mug., xcvii.
277.
10. Oration on the Structure and Physiology of Plants,
1808, Svo. 11. Essay on Medical Technology. ISIO, Svo.
This essay gained the Fothergillian Medal. 12. The Book
of Job literally trans, from the Hebrew and restored to its
natural arrangement; with Notes crit. and ilhist., and an
Introduct. Dissert., 1S12, Svo. A critique on this version
appeared in the Eclectic Kev. for Feb. 1816; to this Dr.
Good replied, and a rejoinder followed in the number for
Dec. ISIG.
"Ko work of criticism in the language affords such a display of
acquaintance with ancient and modei-n languages. ... Dr. Good is
a firm believer in the antiquity of the book, contends that Moses
was the writer of it, and that it contains the great pi iuciples of the
patriarchal faith. . . . His translation is the most valuaMe work on
Job in the English language, and must materially assist any iniii-
097
GOO
GOO
vidiiftl in the interpretation of that difficult book."— Orwi^'s Btht.
Bib.
"On the whole, we rejrard this work as a valuable accession to
our stock of sacred literature ; and we can recommend it with con-
fidence to th« bililical student, as contaiiiinj; a great mass of use-
ful information and valuable criticism." — Lon. Christian Obaervej;
sii. 306.
13. New ed. of Mason's Self-knowledge; with a Life of
the Author and Notes, 1812, 8vo. Dr. Good's mother was
Miss Pejto, the favourite niece of John Mason. 14. A
Physiological System of Nosology, 1SI7, 8vo.
"It bids fair to supersede every attempt which has hitherto been
made in the difficult provinces of medical technology and sys-
tematic arrangemeut." — Lmi. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 277.
15. Sketch of the Revolution in 1688. 16. In conjunc-
tion with Olinthus Gregory, LL.D., editor, and Newton
Bosworth, Pautalogia ; or Encyclopaedia, comprising a Ge-
neral Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature,
pub. periodically, completed in 1813. 12 vols., with neaily
400 engravings, r. Svo, X20. 17. The Study of Medicine,
1822, 4 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., 1832, 5 vols. 8vo, i3 15s. ; edited
by Samuel Cooper, M.D., F.K.S., Prof, of Surgery in the
Univ. of London, «fcc.
'•If the general tenor of his book .... (what seems to me to
be the fact) .... be so excellent that no other modern system is,
on the whole, half so valuable as the Study of Mediciue. it.s imper-
fections will be induli^ently re','arded by every liberal critic, and
its genuine merit warmly admired." — Dr. Cooper, the edit<jr.
*■ The additions to the text and notes by Mr. Cooper, as may have
been expected, are numerous and valuable, and the eutire work
merits our most unqualitied recommendation. The surgeon who.^e
library contains Good's t>tudy of Medicine, and Cooper's Surgical
Dictionary, need look around him for little more that is either
scientitic. useful, or practical, in any branch of his profession." —
Lon. Lancet, 'Ho. 304.
'* ^Ve hare no hesitation in pronouncing the work, beyond all
conip:iiison. the best of its kind in the English language." — Lon.
M'dici>-Chirurg. Rt-v.
'• As a work of reference, at once systematic and comprehensive,
it has no rival in medical literature." — Lon. Mxl. Gaz.
American ed. pub. by Harpers, N. York, 2 vols. Svo, with
Notes by A. S. Doane, M.D., &c. 18. The Book of Nature,
1826, 3 vols. Svo; 3d ed., corrected, 3 vols. fp. Svo.
Contents. — Vol. L Nature of the Material World, and
the Scale of Unorganized and Organized Tribes that issue
from it. On Matter and a Material World; on Geology j
on Organized Bodies, and the Structure of Plants compared
with tliat of Animals; on the Principle of Life; on the
Bones, &c.; on the Digestive Functions; on the Circula-
tion of the Blood; on the Processes of Nutrition; on the
External Senses of Animals. Vol. II. Nature of the Ani-
mate World; its Peculiar Powers and External Relations;
Means of Communicating Ideas; Formation of Society.
Vol. III. Nature of the Mindj its General Faculties and
Furniture.
" This volume i.s designed in take a systematic, but popular, sur-
vey of the most interesting features of the general science nf na-
ture, for the purpose of elucidating what has been fuund obscure,
controverting and correcting what has been felt erroueous, and
developing, by means of original views and hypotheses, mm-h of
■what yet remains to be more satisfactorily explained." — Prrfuce.
*'The work is certainly the best Philosophical digest of the kind
which we have seen." — Li>n. Month. Reo.
19. Thoughts on Select Texts of Scripture, 12mo.
20. Historical Outline of the Book of Psalms, by Neale,
Svo; by Henderson, 1854, Svo. Dr. Good contributed many
papers to the periodicals of the day, and was for some time
editor of the Analytical and Critical Review, and, we be-
lieve, of the New Annual Register, and the Gallery of Na-
ture and Art. His review of the Junius controversy — see
our article on Junius — is one of the finest pieces of criti-
cism of modern times. There are few names that cast
greater lustre upon the archives of British Medical Science
and philological learning than that of John Mason Good.
Good, Kev, Joseph. Poems, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Good, Thomas, D.D., Master of Baliol Coll., Oxf.
Fermiauus et Dubi tan tins ; or, Dialogues concerning
Atheism, Infidelity, and Popery, Oxf., 1671, Svo.
Good, Thomas, Rector of Ashley, Worcestershire.
Thanksgiving Serm. on Matt. v. 9, 1715, 4to.
Good, Thomas. Speech in H. of Commons, 1800,
8v...
Good, Wm. Measurers and Tradesman's Assistant,
Edin., 1775, Svo.
Goodacre, Robert. Educational,&c.works,lS03-12.
Goodal, or Goodall, Walter, 17116-1766. a Scotch
antic^uary, a native iy( Banffshire, educated at King's Coll.,
Aberdeen, became librarian of the Advocates' Library,
Edinburgh, and assisted Thomas Ruddimau in compiling
the catalogue of that library upon the plan of the Biblio-
theca Cardinalis Imperialis; it was pub. in 1742, fob 1. An
Exam, of the Letters said to be written by Mary Queeu of
Scots to James, Earl of Bothwell, shewing by intrinsic
69a
evidence that they are forgeries. Also an Enquiry into the
Murder of King Henry, Edin., 1751, 2 vols. Svo. 2. An
edit, with Eniendatory Notes of Sir John Scott's Stagger-
ing State of Scots Statesmen, 1754. 3. An Introduc. to
the Hist, and Antiq. of Scotland, Lon., 1769, Svo; Edin.,
1773, 12mo. Originally written in Latin, and prefixed to
hisedit. of Forduu's Scotichronicon : see Fokdun, John De.
*' His edition of Fordun was not executed with judgment."
He contributed also a Pref. and Life to Sir J;imes Bal-
four's Practicks, and some articles to Keith's New Cata-
logue of Scotch Bishops.
Goodall, Baptist, merchant. The Tryall of Trauell;
or, 1. The Wonders in Trauell. 2. The Wortlies of Trauell.
3. The Way to Trauell. In three boukes Epitomized, Lon.,
1630, 4to. A poetical work of 40 leaves. Sir M. M. Sykes,
Pt. 1, 1329, £5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 314. £12 12s.
Goodall, Charles, M.D. 1. The College of Physi-
cians vindicated against the Corner Stone, Ac., Lon., 1674,
'76, Svo. 2. Hist, of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians, &c.,
1684, 4to. 3. Hist. Acct. of the Colb's proceedings against
Empyrics, Ac, 16S4, 4to.
Goodall, Charles. Poems and Translations, Lon.,
1689, Svo. Anon.
Goodall, Henry, D.D., Archdeacon of Suffolk and
Preb. uf Norwich. Serins., 1741, '51, '60.
Goodall, John. Liberty of the Clergy by the Laws
of the Realm. Printed tii^q>'ll^n. VIII. by R". Weir.
Goodcole, Rev, lienry. 1. Eras. Robinson, Lon.,
1618, 4to. 2. The Prodigal's Tears, 1620, Svo. 3. Prayers,
Ac, 1620, Svo. 4. London's Cry, 1620, 4to. 5. Eliz. Saw-
yer, 1621, 4to.
Goode, Francis. 1. The Better Covenant, 5th ed.,
Lon., 1S48, fp. Svo. Highly commended. 2. Serms. on
Doctrine, Practice, and Experience, 1838, Svo. 3. Serm.
before the Ch. Miss. Soc. 1838, Svo. 4. Watch-Words of
Gospel Truth, 12mo. 5. Posthumous Serm?., Svo.
Goode, Wm, 1. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 2. Serm.,
1646, 4to.
Goode, Wm., 1762-1816. a native of Buckingham,
entered of Magdalen Hall, Oxf., 1780 ; succeeded Mr. Ro-
maine as Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars, London, 1795.
1. A New Version of the Book of Psalms, Lon., ISll, 2
vols. Svo.
"A useful help to the devotional understanding: of the Psalms,
which are here translated into Enj^lish verse, and in various
metres." — llm-ne's Bibl. Brit.
*■ The poetical execution of Goode's version never rises above
mediocrity." — Loti. Eclectic Rev,
2. Essays on all the Scriptural Names and Titles of
Christ, 1822, 6 vols. Svo.
'■A most valuable elucidation of all the Scriptural Titles of the
Redeemer." — L<ywtide.s's Bnt. Lih.
"A valuable work for ministers; — a mine for composition of
sermons."
3. Eight Serms., separately pub., 1795, <fec. See a me-
moir of Mr. Goode by W. Goode. Svo.
Goode, Wm., Rector of Allhallows the Great and
Less, London, has pub. several treatises against the doc-
trines of the Oxford Triicts, and on other subjects. Lou.,
1834-52. Among the best-known of his works are — 1. The
Extraordinary Gifts of the Spirit, 1834, Svo. 2. The
Established Church, 1834, Svo. 3. Tracts on Church
Rates, 1840, Svo. 4. The Divine Rule of Faith and Prac-
tice, 1842, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1853, 3 vols. Svo.
'■ This very able work if a defence of the great Protestant prin-
ciple of the sufficiency of holy scripture, in opposition to the doc-
trine of Dr. Pusfy and his party, who claim for tradition a co-
ordinate authority with the written word of God. It is one of the
able publicatiuus of the day." — Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
5. Two Treatises on the Church, by Drs. Jackson and
Sanderson, and a Letter of Bp. Cosin. With Introduc.
Remarks, 1843, sm. Svo.
'■Seasonable truth a;iainst Tractarians." — Bickersttth's C. S.
6. Tract XC. historically refuted, 1845, Svo. 7. Doc-
trine of the Ch. of Eng. as to the effects of Baptism in the
case of Infants, 1849, Svo. 8. Aids for determining some
Disputed Points in the Ceremonial of the Ch. of Eng. ; 2d
ed., 1S51, Svo, 9. A Vindication of the Doctrine of the
Ch. of Eng. on the Validity of the Orders of the Scotch
and Foreign Non-Episcopal Churches, in three pamphlets :
I. A General Review of the Subject : II. A Reply to Chur-
ton and Harrington, &c., 2d ed. ; III. Reply to Bp. of Exe-
ter, ic; 3d ed., 1852, Svo. 10. Letter to Sir W. P. M'ond,
Q.C., M.P., rel. to the Prayer Book; 2d ed., with the
Answer of Sir W. P. Wood and the Author's Reply, 1852,
I Svo.
I Goodenough, Samuel, LL.D., 1743-1827, educated
, at Christ Cliurch, Oxf.; Canon of Windsor, 1798; Dean
1 of Rochester, 1802; Bishop of Carlisle, 1808.
GOO
"lift is but jitaf promote.l. to the satisfaction of all who know
him. an.l to the shaiilr of thnse who so Ion;: ne;:lected him.
'•Quis trrt-uiic Eiu-eladi aocti.[ue r,\Lj;M"Nis atfert Quantum
GRAMM-iTiccs Meruit Labor '(" — Pursuits nf Literature, ed. 1S08, p.
332.
1. Serm., 1809, 4to. 2. Serra., 1812. 3. Con. in Nat.
Hist, to Trans. Linn. Soc. 1792, '95, '98. See a Biog.
Sketch of Bp. (i. in Lon. (icnt. Mag., xcvii. 366, 367.
GoodenoWf John j>I. Amer. Jurisp. in Contrast
with the Doet. of Eng. Com. Law, Steuben., Ohio, 1819,
8vo.
'•The professed ol'.iect of the author is to prove that the Courts
in Ohio were not ywissessed of Common Law Jurisdiction, and more
espeeially iu the case of crimes and offences at Common Law. The
hook is exceedinjcly scarce, less than one hundred copies having
been piinted." — Marvin's Lf'j. BUjl.; GriJJHh's Law Reff.,3SS; 12
Amcr. Jttr., SSi.
Goodfellow, J. Universal Directory; or. Complete
P. Assistant for Masters of Ships, Ac, Lon., 1779, Svo.
Goodhugh, Will., a learned bookseller of London,
d. 1842, aged 13. 1. Crit. Exam, of Bellamy's Trans, of
the Bible, 1822. 2. Gate to the French, It;iliiin, and Span-
ish Languages unlocked. 3. Gate to the Hebrew, Arabic,
and Syriac unlocked by a new and easy method of learn-
ing the Accidents, 1827, Svo. 4. The English Gentle-
man's Library Manual; or, A Guide to the Formation of
a Library of Select Literature, accompanied with original
Notices, Biograjdiical and Critical, of Authors and Books,
1S27, 8vo. This volume does not exhibit a very compre-
hensive catalogue of books, but contains some good criti-
cism and several interesting items of literary history.
5. A Course of XII. Lectures on the Study of Biblical Lite-
rature, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Re-issued under the title of Lec-
tures on Biblical Literature.
"An admirable manual of topics connected with the history and
interpielatiMU of the Scriptures. The autlior not only discovers a
Lnui-Lthle entliusiasm for his subject, but he treats it like a master."
—Lmi. Ihniinij. M'tj.
'■ It is with much plea.sure we aeain meet a frentlcman to whom
the theological world is undergreat oblii^ations for the very masterly
manner iu which he exjiosed the incompetency of .John Bellamy
to the task of improving the received version of the Bible. . . .
We warmly recommend this work [the Lectures] to the attention
of all who would render themselves familiar with the literature
of the Bible." — Lon. Evaiujd. Mag., 1S3.S. 5tt5.
6. The Bible Cyclopedioe. Mr. G. only lived to prepare
this work to the letter R. It was pub. in 2 vols., fol. He
had been engaged in its compilation for the three years
preceding his death. In 1840 he issued proposals for a
society to be calleil the Dugdale Society, for the elucida-
tion of Brilish Family Antiquity. But the project was
not encouraged.
Goodiiige, Tlios. Law ag.B'krupts,1719,'29, '41, Svo.
Goodi!>oii, Will. An Hist, and Topog. Essay upon
the Islands of Corfu, Leucadia, Cephalonia, Ithaca, and
Zante, Lon., 1822, Svo, pp. 267, with Maps and Sketches.
'•An interestiog little volume, containing much curious matter
not unworthy the attention of the scholar and the antiquary." —
Loiimdiis's Bthl. Man.
Goodlad, Wm. Absorbent System, Lon., 1814. Svo.
Goodniiiii, Christopher, 1520?-1001? a Puritan
divine, educated at Brasenose Coll., 0.vf., was a prominent
advocate of the Reformation in Scotland. 1. How far Su-
perior Powers ought to be obeyed of their Subjects, Ge-
neua, 1568, 16mo.
"An absurd and factious pamphlet against Queen Mary." See
Warton's Hist, of Kng. Poetry.
'■Christopher Goodman almost filled up every chapter in this
book with railing speeches against the Queen, [Mary of England.]
and stirr'd up the people to rebel against her." — Heylin's Hist, of
the I^e/annation.
2. A Commentary upon Amos. Wood erroneously as-
cribes to Goodman John Knox's book, entitled The First
Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of
Women. For accrmnts of Goodman, see Knox, John;
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Strype's Life of Parker;
Scott's Lives of the Scotch Reformers ; Peck's Desiderata,
■vol. i.
'• The truth is. Goodman was a most violent nonconformist, and
for rigidness he went tieyond his friend Calvin, who remembers
and mentions him in his epistles. 1561." — At/ten. Oxon.
Goodman, Godfrey, 1583-1655, an English prelate,
"and the only one who forsook the Church of England
for that of Rmne since the Reformation," was a native
of Ruthvyn, Denbighshire, and educated at Westminster
School and Trin. Coll., Camb. ; Dean of Rochester, 1620;
Bishop of Gloucester, 1625; suspended by Archbishop
Laud, 1639 : soon after his suspension he became a member
of the Church of Rome. He pnb. a treatise on the Fall
of Man, 1624, 4to; Animad. on Hakcwill on Providence,
Ac; but is best known to modern readers by his Hist, of
his Own Times, comprising Memoirs of the Courts of Eliza-
GOO
beth and James I.; edited from the original MSS. by John
S. Brewer, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
" An amusing and useful pntflicafion, abounding in anecdotes
illustrative of the puldic characters of the latter end of Klizabeth's
reign, and during the reign of James I. The bishop was a shrewd
observer, and relates his tacts and observations in a sensible,
lively, and unaffected style." — Lon. Times.
Goodman, James. Serm. on Ps. Ixxvi. 4.
Goodman, John, D.D., Rector of Hadham, Herts,
and Archdeacon of Middlesex, pub. a Discourse on .\uri-
cidar Confession, (see Gibson's Preservative, i. 10:) The
Penitent Pardtmed. 1679, 4to, often reprinted ; some serms.
and other theolog. treatise.?, 1674-97.
Goodman, Tobias, a Jewish Rabbi. Trans, of Rabbi
Judias's Investigation of Causes, Ac. ; containing theolog.
sentences, Lon., 1808, 12mo.
Goodrich, Rev. Charles A., of Hartford, Conn.
1. Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence,
Hartford, 1829, 8vo, pp. 469; Lon. and N. York, 1836. Svo.
2. Hist, of the U. States of America. New ed., Boston,
1852, 12mo, pp. 425. The last ed. of this excellent work
brings d<iwn the history to July 15, 1850. 3. Family
Sabbath Day Miscell.any, Phila., 1855, 12mo. 4. A Geo-
graphy of tlie Chief Places mentioned in the Bible, and
the Principal Events connected with them, New York,
ISmo, pp. 19j. Other works.
Goodrich, Charles B. Lowell Lectures: The
Science of Government, as exhibited in the Institutions
of the United Stales of America, Boston, 1S53, Svo. The
value of expositions of this character — when ability,
accuracy of statement, and popularity of style, are com-
bined— ^cannot be too highly estimated; and in Mr. Good-
rich's work
"The powers of the general government and the relations of
the Federal and State authorities and laws are very carefully and
thoroughly stated and explained. It m:ikes an admirable book
of reference, and is not encumbered with legal technicalities or
the repulsive show of dry learning."
Goodrich, Charles R., of Flushing, Long Island,
d. 1855, studied medicine, but never practised.
•' His attainments as chemist and naturalist were extensive and
accurate."
1. The World of Science, Art, and Industry, Illustrated
with 500 drawings from the New York (1853) Exhibition.
Edited by Prof B. SiUimau, Jr., and C. R. Goodrich, N.
York, 1854, 4to.
"An exceedingly handsome work, got up with much taste and
spirit." — Lim. Art .Journal.
2. Practical Science and Mechanism Illustrated. Edited
by C. R. Goodrich, aided by Professors Hall, Silliman, Jr.,
Ac, 1854, 4to. This work professes to be
" A careful and laborious analysis of the present state of Science
and the Arts throughout the world, with import,ant statistical
filets posted up to the present time. [1S54.]"
The statistics of Coal and Minerals presented are of
great value to tlie practical reader.
I Goodrich, Chauncey A., D.D., b. Oct. 23, 1790,
I at New Haven, Conn., graduated at Y'ale College in 1810.
In 1812 he became a tutor in that institution, and, at the
request of President Dwight, prepared a Greek Grammar,
i which was extensively used in the schools and colleges
of New England. This was followed by Greek Lessons,
and Latin Lessons, designed to lead the pupil by regular
stages into a knowledge of the ancient languages, on a
plan afterwards applied to modern languages by Ollen-
dorff. After two years spent in tlie ministry, he was ap-
' pointed in 1817 Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory in Y'ale
College, the duties of which office, in part, he still per-
1 forms, in connection with those of the professorship of
Pastoral Theology, to which post he was appointed in
1839. In 1S20 he was elected President of Williams
College, Massachusetts, but declined the office. Soon
after the publication of Dr. Noah Webster's (father-in-
law to Dr. Goodrich) American Dictionary in 1828, he
I superintended an abridgment of the work, pub. in r. Svo,
' for general use ; and, with the author's consent, coutbrined
the orthography, in most respects, to that which has been
commonly received in the United States. In 1S47 he pub.
a revision of both the 4to .and Svo dictionaries, with large
additions, the Jesuit of many years of labour, in which
he was aided by his colleagues, Messrs. Silliman, Olm-
sted, Ac. See N. Amer. Rev., Ixvi. 256, 257. For a num-
ber of years Prof G. discharged the duties connected
with the editorship of the Quarterly Christian Spectator.
But perhaps the most important contribution made by
him to the literature of the age is his vol. entitled Select
British Eloquence, embracing the Best Speeches Entire
of the most eminent Orators of Great Britain for the last
two Centuries, with Sketches of their Lives, an Estimate
699
GOO
GOO
of their Genius, and Notes Critical and Explanatory, N.
York, 1852, 8vo, pp. 947.
'■ This bulky volume performs more than it promises. It is not
only a collection, made with excellent taste and jiid<:ment, of the
beet specimens of English eloquence, whether parliamentary,
forensic or popular, but the biojrr^iphical and iliustrative matter
annexed is copious enousrh to form a tolerably complete political
history of Kn^Oand from Queen Anne's time to the present day.
At any rate, a full acquaintance with the contents of this volume,
taking the speeches and the commentary to;rether. would be a
Very useful appendajje to that kuowlediie of the political events
of the period which may be derived from works professedly his-
torical or biographical in their character.'" — N. Amcr. Jicv., Jxxvi.
253-255.
Having perused this volume with care as well as de-
light, we are able to fully endorse the preceding com-
mendation. No student of history, biogrnphy, political,
forensic, or sacred eloquence, should be without this work.
Those who have not seen it will be surprised to learn that
Prof. G. gives us in this one volume one-sixth more of
matter than is contained in Chiipman's Select Specclics, or
Williston's American Eloquence, in 5 vols. 8vo each. It
comprises the substance of Prof. G.'s lectures on the great
English orntors.
"A distinct volume," the author remarks, "would be
necessary for American eloquence if the lectures on that
subject should ever be published."
We trust the " distinct volume" will be published, and
also the author's lectures on Demosthenes' Oration for the
Crown. Such contributions to the cause of public educa-
tion are beyond price.
In 1856, he edited a r. 8vo ed. of Webster's American
Dictionary of the English Language, exhibiting the Origin,
Ortbngrapliy. Pronunciation, and Definition of Words. To
whi'.l] arc added a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced
by 'litk'reiit Orthoepists; and Walker's Key to the Classical
Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names,
revised and enlarged. With the Addition of a Vocabulary
of Modern Geographical Names, with their Pronunciation;
containing all the words in the Quarto Edition, and also
an arrangement of Synonj'ms under the leading Words. —
a new and important feature, and not to be found in any
other work, and particularly useful to young writers. It
embraces more than six hundred articles of this kind, being
a larger number than is cont;iined in any similar work in
our language, with the exception of Crabbe. In the same
year he pub. (Webster's University Dictionary) A Pronoun-
cing and Defining Dictionary of the English Language;
abridged from Webster's American Dictionary. 8vo,pp. 610.
Goodrich, Frank lioott, b. 1826, in Boston, son of
S. G. Goodrich. (Peter Parley.) For several years he was
the Paris correspondent of the N.Y. Times over the signa-
ture of Dick Tinto. L Tri-Colored Sketches of Paris. N.
y., 1854, 12mo. 2. Court of Napoleon: or, Society under
the First Empire, with Portraits of its Beauties, Wits, and
Heroines, N.Y., 1857, r. 4to. An elegant volume. 3. Man
upon the Sea: or. History of Maritime Adventure. Explo-
ration, and Discovery. Phila., 1S58, 8vo. 4. AVomcn of
Beauty and Heroism. N.Y., 1S59, r. 4to. This is a com-
panion-volume to No. 2.
Goodrich, Samuel Griswold, alias Peter Par-
ley, was born Aug. ly, 1793, at Ridgcfield, Connecticut.
Shortly after attaining bis majority, he commenced the
business of a publisher in Hartford, and devoted himself
to this branch of trade for some years. In 1823-24, he
visited England, France, Germany, and Holland, and not
long after his return home commenced the publication of
the famous Peter Parley volumes.
In 1S28 Mr. Goodrich commenced the publication of
The Token, an original annual, which he edited for four-
teen years. In this series appeared many of his poems, —
for Peter Parley is a poet of no mean rank, — afterwards
pub., together with prose pieces, also contributed to The
Token, &c. under the title of Sketches from a Student's
Window, 1841. The Outcast and other Poems h.ad pre-
ceded this vol. by four years, being pub. in 1S37. In 1851
appeared a beautiful edit, of his Poems, (including The
Outcast,) with Pictorial Illustrations. Tlie designs (about
forty) are mostly by Mr. Billings, the engravings by Bob-
bett &, Eduionds, Lossing «t Barrett, HartwuU, and others,
and the printing by Mr. John F. Trow.
Mr. Goodrich has had an eye to intelligent legislation
as well as juvenile in^:truction ; and his valuable parents' ,
assistant, entitled "Fireside Education," (1838, 12mo,)
was composed in sixty days, while the author was occupied
with the important duties devolving upon him as a member
of the Massachusett^s Senate. How greatly parents have
been ai'lcd and encouraged — as well as children instructed
and dcliy;hted — through the earlier volumes of Parley's
700
Magazine, Merry's Museum, Parley's Cabinet Library, and
bJii numberless volumes of many kinds, who shall estimate ?
In 1851, the President of the United States — his Rvcel-
lency Millard Fillmore — conferred a deserved compliment
upon Mr. Goodrich by appointing him Consul to Paris.
In 1S55 Mr. G. returned to the United States, and is now
(1858) residing in New York.
We have spoken of the volumes of this popular author as
"numberless;" but here we are a little extravagant. — for the
author has been obliged to *' number" them in self-defence.
See Recollections of a Lifetime : or. Men and Things I have
Seen, by S. G. Goodrich, N. York, 1858, 2 vols. 12mo.
"List of WorlcH of ivhich S. G, Goodrich is the Editor or
Author.
" My experience, as an author, has been not a little singular, in
one respect. While on the other side of the Atlantic my name has
Ix-en largely used, as a passpoi t to the public, for books I never
wrote, attempts have been made in this country to deprive me of
the authorship of at least a hundred volumes which 1 did write.
It requires some patience to reflect upon this with equanimitv; to
see myself, falsely, saddled with the paternity of things which are
either stupid, or vulgar, or immoral, — or perhaps all together; and
tbon to be deprived, also by falsehood, of the means of effectually
throwing them off by appealing to genuine works — which have
obtained general favor— through .1 Kuspicion cast into the public
mind that 1 am a mere pretetider, and that the real authorship
of these works belongs to another per.snn.
*'This, however, has been, and peihaps is, mv position, at least
with some portion of the public. I have thought it worth while,
therefore, to print a cat;iIogue of my genuine works, and also a list
of the false ones issued under my name, with such notes as seem
nei'essary to set the whole matter cleai-ly before the public.
"The following comprise all my works, to the best of my recol-
lection :
MISCELLANEOUS.
Datp of No
publication. Tola.
The Token— A New Year's and Christmas Present 1828. ..14
[The first volume was issued iu 1S2S. and it was con-
tinued, yearly, till 1S42 — \h years. ISmoand 12mo.
Edited by me. except that in 1S29 it was edited by
N. P. Willis. Among the contributors to this work
were. E. Everett. Bishop Doane. A. H. Everett. J. Q.
Adams. H. W. Lonirfellow. L McLellan, Jr., N. II.iw-
thorne, MissSed'-'wi'-k, Mrs. Sigournev. Willis Gay-
lord Clark, N. P. Willis. J. Neafe. Gren'ville Mellen,
Geo. Lunt, .John I'ierpnnt, Caleb Gushing. H. Pick-
ering, Aliss Leslie. T. II. Gallaudet, Mrs. Child, P.
W. P. Greenwood. Rev. T. Flint. II. F. Gouid, W. L.
Stone, n. T. Tuckerman, Madame Calderon de la
Barca. O. W. Holmes. Mrs. Seba Smith. Mrs. Osgood,
Mrs. Lee, J. Inman. Horace Greelev. 1. C. Pray. Oi*-
ville Dewey. 0. M'. B. Peabodv. James Hall, Mrs.
Hale. M rs. Hotland. J. T. Fields, Miss M. A. Browne,
R. C. Waterslon. N.ith. Greene, II. H. Weld, G. C.
Verplanck. T. S. Fay, J. O. Rockwell, C. Spr ague.etc]
A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Period to the
Present Time — In which the History of every Nation,
Ancient, and Modern, is separately given. Large iivo,
1200 pp 1849... 1
[In the compilation of this wry-k T had the assistance
of Rev. Royal Robbins. of B(?llin, Conn., Rev. W. S.
Jenks. and Mr. S. Kettell. of Boston, and F. B.
Goodrich, of New York.]
A Pictorial Geography of the World. Large Svo, 1000 pp. 1840... 1
[The first edition of this work was published in 1S31,
but, being found imperfect, was revised and remo-
deled at this date Iu the original work I had the
assistance of J. O. Sargent and S. P. Ilolbrook, Esqs.,
and Mr. S. Kettell: the new edition was mainly
prepared by T. S. Bradfurd. Esc^.]
Sow Well and Reap Well, or Fireside Education. 12mo. 1S38.., 1
A Pictorial History of America. Svo 1845... 1
Winter Wreath of Summer Flowers. Svo. Colored En-
gravings 1853... 1
The Outcast, and other Poems. 12mo 1S36... 1
Sketches from a Student's Window. 12mo 1841... \
Poems. 12mo 1851... 1
Ireland and the Irish. 12mo 1842... 1
Five Letters to my Neighbor Smith 1839... 1
Les Ktats Unisd*Ame^iq^^e. Svo „.,.. 1852... 1
[This was published in Pnris.J
The Gem Book of British Poetry. Square Svo 1854... 1
The Picture Play Book 1855... 1
Recollections of a Lifetime; or, Men and Things I have
Seen, in a series of Familiar Letters— Historical. Bio-
graphical, Anecdotical, and Descriptive: addressed to
a F'riend. 12mo 1857... 2
SCHOOL BOOKS.
Ancient IHstory, from the Creation to the Fall of Rome.
I'-^nio 1846... 1
Modern History, from the Fall of Rome to the present
time. 12mo 1847... 1
History of North America; or. The United States and ad-
jacent Countries. ISmo 1846... 1
Historyof South America and the West Indies. 18mo... 1846... 1
History of Europe. ISmo 1848... 1
History of Asia. 18mo 1848... 1
History of Africa. ISuio 1850... 1
[In Ihe compilation of the preceding six volumes, ex-
cluding Nnrth Americi, I had large assistai^^e horn
Mr. S. Kcttell.j
GOO
GOO
Date of
pui>iic»tion. T
A Comprehensive Geography and History, Ancient auj
Modern. 4tn 1849...
The National Geography. 4tn 1849...
A Primer of History, for Beginners at Home and School.
24mo 1850...
A Prioier of Geography, for Home and School, With
Maps 1850..
A t'irtnri.i! Ili-liPiyof the United States. 12mo 1846..
A inLturiil History of England. 12ino 1846..
A Pkt.iri.ll l[i-.l(irvof France. I2nio 1846..
A PiitoiKil llisi^ry of Greece. 12mo 1846..
A Pi.iniial Ui^turyof Rome. 12mo 1848...
[lu tlie piepsralion of the pieceding five volumes, I
had assistance from Dr. Alcott, Mr. J. Lowell, &e. I
was largely assisted in the preparation of Kome by
Mr. S. Kettell.]
A Pictorial Natural History. 12mo 1842... 1
The Young American; or, A Book of Government and
Law. 12mo 1842... 1
The Malte-Brun School Geography. 16mo 1830... 1
M.ips for the same. 4to 1830... 1
The Child's Own Book of Geography; or, The Western
Hemisphere. With Maps. Squai'el2mo. (Outof print.) 1834... 1
Tbp Child's Own Book of Geugraphv ; or, The Kastern
Hemisphere. With Maps. SriuarePimo. (Outof print.) 1S34.
Goodrich's First Reader. ISmo 1846.
Goodrich's Second Reader. ISmo 1846.
Goodrich's Third Reader. ISmo 1840.
Goodrich's Fourth Reader. 12mo 1846,
Goodrich's Fifth Reader. 12mo 1846,
Dftts of No.
pubUcftiJoa. »oLb.
as by Peter Parley; they have, however, passed
under that name for several years.]
Parley's Tales about Ancient Kome, with some account
of Modern Italy. Square 16mo 1832... 1
Parley's Tales about Aucient and Modern Greece. Square
16mo 1833... 1
Histoire des liltats Unis d'Amerique. Published in Paris
and the United States. 12mo 1853... 1
Petite Histoire Uuiverselle. Published in Paris and the
United States. 12mo 1853... 1
[In the piuparation of some of these, I had the aid of
N. Hawthorne and J. 0. Sargent, Esqs., ic]
PARLEY'S MISCELLANIES.
Parley's Cabinet Libraut : 20 vols, small 12mo, as follows:
EIOGRAPIIICAL DEPARTMENT.
1. Lives of Famous Men of Modern Time.^i 1S44-5..
Lives of Famous Men of Ancient Times..
Curiosities of Human Nature
Lives of Benefactors
Lives of Famous American Indians..
Lives of Celebrated Women
HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT.
TALES UNDER THE NAME OF PETER PARLEY.
The Tales of Peter Parley about America. Square 16mo. 1827... 1
Do. do. Europe. do. 1S2S... 1
Peter Parley's AVinter-Evening Tales. do. 1829... 1
Peter Parley's Juvenile Tales. do, 1830... 1
The Tale of' Peter Parley about Africa. do: 1830... 1
Do. do. Asia. do. 1830... 1
Poter Parley's Tales about the Sun, Moon, and Stars.
Square lOmo 1830... 1
Peter Parley's Tales of the Sea. Square 16mo 1831... 1
Peter Parley's Tales about the Islands in the Pacific
Ocean. Square liimo 1831... 1
Peter Parley's Method of Telling about Geography.
Square 16mo 1830... 1
[This work was remodelled and reproduced in 1S44,
under the name of" Parley's Geography for Begin-
ners, at Home and School." Two millions of copies
of it were sold: the publisher paid me three hun-
dred dollars for the copy-right, and made his for-
tune by it.j
Peter Parley's Tales about the World. Square 16mo.
(Out of print.1 1831... 1
Peter Parley's Tales about New York. Square 16mo.
(put of print.) 1832... 1
Peter Parley's Tales about Great Biitain — Including Eng-
land, Scotland, and Ireland. Square 16mo. (Out of
print.) 1834... 1
Parley's Picture-Book. Square lOmo 1834... 1
Parley's Short Stories for Long Nights. Square 16mo.... 1S34... 1
Peter Parley's Book of Anecdotes. do 1836... 1
Parley's Tales about Animals. 12mo 1831... 1
Persevere and Prosper; or. The Siberian Sable-Hunter.
18mo 1843... 1
Make the Best of it; or. Cheerful Cherry, and other
Tales. 18mo 1843... 1
Wit Bought; or. The Adventures of Robert Merry. ISmo. 1844... 1
What to do, and How to do it; or, Morals and Manners.
ISmo 1844... 1
A Home in the Sea; or,TheAdventuresofPhilipBrusque.
ISmo 1845... 1
Right is Might, and other Sketches. ISmo 1S45... 1
A Tale of the Revolution, and other Sketches. 18mo.... 1845... 1
Dick Boldhero; or. The Wonders of South America. ISmo. 1846... 1
Truth-Finder; or. Inquisitive Jack. ISmo 1846... 1
Take Care of No. 1 ; or, The Adventures of Jacob Karl.
ISmo 1850... 1
Tales of Sea and Land 1846... 1
Every-Day Book. Square 16mo. (Out of print.) 1S35... 1
Parley's Present for All Seasons. 12mo 1853... 1
Parley's Wanderers by Sea and Land. 12mo 1854... 1
Parley's Fagots for the Fireside. 12mo 1854... 1
Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young
Friends in various parts of Kurnpe, i2mo 1856... 1
Parley's Adventures of Gilbert Goahead. 12rao 1856... 1
Parley's Adventures of Billy Bump, all the way from
Sundown to California. {In press.) 1857... 1
Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young
Fiiends in the Holy Land and other parts of Asia.
12mo. (In press.) 1857... 1
PARLEY'S HISTORICAL COMPENDS.
Peter Parley's Universal History on the basis of Geogra-
phy. Large square lOmo 1837... 2
Peter Parley's Common School History. 12mo 1837... 1
The First Book of History for Children and Youth. Large
square 12mo 1831... 1
The Second Book of History — Designed as a Sequel to the
First Book of History. Large square 12mo 1832... 1
The Third Book of History — Designed as a Sequel to the
First and Second Books of History. Squarel2mo 1833... 1
[The two preceding volumes were compiled under my
direction, and were then remodelledby me, but were
not published, nor were they intended to appear,
7. Lights and Shadows of American History
8. Lights and Shadows of European History
9. Lights and Shadows of Asiatic Hi.story
10. Lights and Shadows of African Histoi-y
11. History of the American Indians
12. Manners, Customs, and Antiquities of the Ameri-
can Indians
MISCELLANEOUS.
13. A Glance at the Sciences
14. Wonders of Geology
15. Anecdotes of the Animal Kingdom
16. A Glance at Philosophy
17. Book of Literature, with Specimens
18. Enterprise, Industry, and Art of Man..
19. Manners and Customs of Nations
20. The World and its Inhabitants
Parley's Panorama; or. The Curiositie."! of Nature and
Art, History and Biography. Large 8vo, double co-
lumns 1849... 1
Parley's Geography for Beginners. Square 16mo 1844... 1
[This is a reproduction and remodelling of '■ I'arley's
Method of Telling about Geography for Children.'']
Parley's Farewell. Large squarel6mo. (Out of print.)... 1836... 1
Parley's .Arithmetic. Square 16mo 1833... 1
Parley's Spelling-Book. (Out of print.) 1833... 1
Parley's Book of the United States. Square 16mo 1833... 1
Geographie Elemeutaire. 8vo 1S54... 1
[Published at Paris.]
Elementary Geography. 8vo. With Maps 1834... 1
[Published in London.]
Parley's Present. Small 24mo. (Out of print.) 1836... 1
Parley's Dictionaries — Of Botany, of Astronomy, of the
Bible, of Bible Geography, of History, of Cuiumerce.
Six vols, large square 16mo 1834... 6
Three Months at Sea, (an English book, with additions
and mod iti cat ions.) Square 16mo 1832... 1
The Captive of Nootka Sound. Square 16mo 1832... 1
The Story of Capr. Riley. do 1832... 1
The Story of La Perouse. do 1832... 1
The Story of Alexander Selkirk. do 1833... 1
Bible Stories, (a London hook, with additions.) Square
16mo 1833... 1
Parley'.'? Magazine. Began 1832. Large square 12mo.... 1833... 1
[This work was planned and established by me: but
after about a year I was obliged to relinquish it,
from ill health and an affection of my eyes. It was
conducted, withoutany interest or participation on
my p;irt. for about twelve years, when it ceased.]
Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine. Large square
12mn. Commenced 1S41 1841... 28
[This work was begun and established by me, under
the title of Merry's Museum, but after the discon-
tinuance of Parley's Magazine the latter title was
added. The work continued under my exclusive
editorship until I left for Europe in 1850; from that
time, while I bad a general chargeof the work. Rev.
S. T. Allen was the home editor. At the close of the
fourteenth year, (the twenty-eighth semi-annual
volume. 1854,) my connection with the work en-
tirely ceased.]
" Bemarlcs.
" 1 thus stand before the public as the author and editor of about
one hundred and seventy volumes — one hundred and sixteen bear-
ing the name of Peter Parley. Of all these, abnut seven millions
of volumes have been sold: about three hundied thousand vo-
lumes are now sold annually.
'•A recent writer in the Boston Courier has said that the late
Mr. S. Kettell was the ' Veritable Peter ParUif — thereby asserting,
in effect, and conveying the impression, that, he being the author
of the Parley Books, I, who have claimed them, am an impostor.
He has, moreover, claimed for him, in precise terms, the actual
authorship of various works which have appeared under my own
proper name. For reasons which will appear hereafter, I deem it
necessary to expose this impudent attempt at imposture — absurd
and preposterous as it appears upon its very face.
•• First, as to the Parley Books : — it will probably be sufficient for
me to make the following statement. In respect to the thirty-six
701
GOO
TOlumes of Farley's Tal4^s, in the preceding list, the earlier num- i
bers of which began and gave currency to the entire Parley stries,
no jirrson ea-cejtt m_i/sdf etier tvrote a siyigle sentence.
" As tn I'arli y'ii I/isli>na.t! fmnprnds — some nine or ten volumes
— I had tbe ii.ssislaiir.- i.l N. Hawthorne and J. 0. Sargent, Ksqs.,
and <>thi.Ms; hut Mr. K-ihil mrcr lurote a lint "f avyonn «/ theitil
"As to I'arki/s Mi^i:dkuu(&—ahOMt fifty volumes — I had some
assistance from several persons in about a dozen of them. Mr.
Ketlell wrote a few sketches for five or six. volumes of the Cabinet
Library, which 1 adapted to my purpose, and iust-rted: this is the
whale exUnt nf his participittion in the entire Parley series — tme hun-
dred and sixteen vfjliimes!
*' J^&^ He ni^rr vrotr. jihinnrd. rfytfr>'iivd. or jYrrtmnh-il to hr the au-
thor of a Sin'/lc vuJunn h.-,n-i,ni I'.nh-f^ H^nur. Th. /o.l.N'-r !/,.(s
set up for htm^ smcr his th-xfU, /:■ lis j'l' l"i ^ '■'"/.; !'■■ '! IS iin/'llili lit
and/alse. U ii;„ilil /„■. nxh-.-l, ahuut a^ VLU^onaUi- tu duimjui- hiin
the authorship '•/' Don (^in.<-<>t,\ or Gil Blm, or I'lhjnm's I'royress,
as thustogivr him lli.- till.- nf Hic 'Veritable refer I'arhy:
"The writyr abuv*; iiutiued also claims for Mr. Kettell the chief
authorship of Merry's Museum, extending to about thirty volumes
largo octavo. This claim is disposed of by the following letter
from i;ev. S. T. Allen— better qualified than any other person to
be a witness in the case : —
"■New York, Jan. 28, 1856.
" S. G. GooDBiCH, Esq. :
*• Dear Sir: — I have read the several articles in tb.- liostonrnurier,
signed 'Veritas,' claiming for the late Mr. Kellill tln' aiilborship
of Peter Parley's Tuks, Merry's Museum, Ac. As ynu reqii'St finiii
me a statement as to my knowledge on the subject, 1 cheerfully
give it. which you can publish if you please.
" I purchased, with an as.'^ociate, the entire Merry's Museum in
1S4S or 1849, from the beginning in 1841. and have been its pub-
lisher until October last; that is, over six years. I have nearly,
from that time to the present, been its editor, wholly or In part,
liuiing this period. Mr. Kettell has never written any thing for the
work. It is within my knowledge that he wrote some articles in
the earlier volumes, probably iu all not exceeding one hundred
and eighty to two hundred pages. His principal articles were the
'Travels of Thomas Trotter' and 'Michael Kastoff;' these pos-
sessed no particular merit, and did not aid or advance the reputar
tjou of the work.
"The articles by you, extending through fifteen volumes, nearly
all of which have since been separately published as Peter Parley's
Tales, gave lili-, < inulatitni, and characti!r to the work. 1 have had
large opportunity tu judge of this matter, as 1 have been, for more
than six years, in constant communication with the subscribers,
{ten or twelve thousand in number,) and I say, unhesitatingly,
that your articles iu the Museum have fully sustained your repu-
tation as the ablest, best-known, and most popular writer for youth
in this country.
" 1 may say, furthermore, that I have lately been in Europe, and
it is within my knowledge that Parley's works have been published
there iu various languages, and are highly esteemed.
" I further state that I have read your reply to the Boston Cou-
rier and ' Veritas' of January 13. and so far as my knowledge ex-
tends, and especially in respect to Merry's Museum, it is strictly
correct.
" I need hardly say, in conclusion, therefore, that I consider these
claims of the Boston (.'ourier and 'Veritas,' in favour of Mr. Ket-
tell, a.s wbitlly witlmut fnuiidation. ,1// ///((/ cm jirnprrly In' .sail!
is, that, lint of fivr or sit thnasunil piifieii 'f Mrrrfs Mnsntm. h>: run-
trihuted about two hundred puges, marked loUh no partiruhir ejcd-
lence. The only qualification that need be made is, that 1 have
understood that Mr. Kettell had some general superintendence of
the work for about six months, while you were absent in Europe ;
that is, from September. 1847, to March, 1848. Kven during this
period, Mr. Kettell's labors seem to have been confined to writing
a few small articles and reading the proofs.
" Yours respectfully, Stephen T. Allen.
" .605=- Here^ then, are eightrand-twenty vohtTnes of Merry\K Museum,
in addition to eight y-eight. volumes of Parley's ivorks, rescued front
the claims of this irholisidr litirary hnrglar.
" Another claim in bcli/ilf of .■\ir. Kettell is, that he was the au-
thor of various valualjlr ami inipurtant school-bonks, such as tbe
Pictorial History of tbr l'ni(.-d Stairs. a Pictorial Histiny nf (irctc,',
Ac. &C.&C. The subjoin, il b.lt.'r fmui Mr. George Sav.i-.-. ol the late-
firm of Huntington A; Saiage, and now associated witli Mr. .1. II.
Colton & Co., Map and Geography Publishers in ^■ew York, will
settle this claim also.
"Kew Fork, Jan. 31, 1856.
<' Mr. Goodrich :
"Pear Sir: — I have looked over the several attacks made upon
you in the Boston Courier by 'Veritas.' claiming that Mr. Kettell
was the author of several books «lii(b bear your name. I am
acquainted with the history of scveial nf these works; and, so far
as my knowledge extends, the sUitenients of ' Veritas' are entirely
destitute of foundation. I can speak positively as to four of the
books — the Geographies — ' Parley's,' the - Primer,' the ' National,'
and the ' Comprehensive,' for I am. and have been for some years,
their proprietor and publisher. I have also been interested in
them from the beginning, and it is within my knowledge that you
wrote them wholly and entirely. The statements of ■ Veritas' as
to Mr. Kettell's authorship of the Pictorial History of Greece and
the United States are equally untrue.
'"Veritas' quotes a contract between you and Mr. Kettell of
May 26, 184<i, to show that Mr. Kettell had written some of the
* Parley's Compends of History.' If he will look at the books re-
ferred to in this contract, he will see that your name is given as
thy author, and not Parley's.
" 1 speak of these works, because I have been engaged in pub-
lishing them, or most of them. It is evident that the articles iu
the Courier are written, throughout, with great rashness; and.
though I do not iini)Ugn tbn mntivcs of the writer. I feel free to
say that, so far as they depend upon him, they seem to me entirely
•luworthy of confidence.
702
GOO
"I have seen your replies, and. having had a large knowledge
of vour operations. I think your statements have been exact, rea-
soEaJde, and just, and haveno doubt the public will think so.
"Yours, truly, George S.wage.
"Another claim, in behalf of Mr. Kettell. made by this adven-
turous writer, is, that the History of All JS'atvms—a. work of 1200
pages, royal Svo, which appears under my name — was published,
with the exception of a few dry pages, ^as it came from Mr. Ket-
tell s graceful and Hmoing pettP In reply, 1 offer the tbllowing
letter, to which 1 invite the special attention of the reader, inas-
much as it not only refutes this audacious pretence, but it explains
the nature of my connection with Mr. Kettell. the reason why I
employed him, and the nature aud extent of the services he ren-
dered me :
« New TorJc, Feb. 3, 1856.
" To THE Editor of the Boston Courier :
»^,r.— I bave read the controversy which has been progressing
for some weeks in your journal, as to the alleged claims of Mr.
Kettell to the authoi-abip of several works which have appeared
under my father's name.
"These claims, urged after Mr. Kettell's death, and by a person
totally irresponsible, seem hardly to merit serious consideration ;
but as they have been pressed in a spirit of evident hostility and
malice, it may be well for me to state what I know upon the
subject. .
'• For the la.^t ten years T have been femiliar with my fathers
literary labours. I have seen the greater part of the manuscripts
sent to the printing-olBce. and have read the greater part of the
proofs returned, and can bear witness to the accuracy of the state-
ments made in this connection, in my father's letter, published in
the New York Times of the 31st December. Having suffered
severely from weak eyes for the past twenty-five years, he has
been obliged to use the services of others in consulting author-
ities, and sometimes in blocking out work to be afterwards syste-
matized and reduced to order by him. In thi.-. Mr. Kettell was
his principal assistant. He wrote alw.iys, as I und.-rslnnd it, as
an assistant, and in no sense as an authoi-. His mi.i7ui.<rnj>t.i were
never fniishnl so us to be fd for the press. Their publie-Aion, as
they VMn\ woubi have been fatal to the reputatiun of any man who
should have taken the responsibility of them. It was my father's
task, after having planned these works, to read and remodel the
rough drafts of Mr. Kettell. to suit them to his own views, and to
prepare them for the public eye. This was, in some cases, a more
serious and liitiguing labor than it would have been to write the
work from the beginning. I may add that at one period Mr. Ket-
tell's manuscripts were referred to me for examination, and that
I was empowered to accept or leject them. Somewhat later I had,
for a time, occasion to remodel, adapt, and partly to re-write such
portioDS as were accepted.
" I h.ave. naturally, no wish to detract from the merits of Mr.
Kettell. But in regard to the History nf All Nations, a work
attributed by ' Verita.s' to the 'gr.iceful and flowing pen of Mr.
Kettell,' I must state that five persons (Mr. Kettell, Kev. Mr.Kob-
bins, of Berlin, Conn., Kev. Mr. Jenks, of Boston, my.self, and my
father) were engaged upon it; the heaviest share— the plan, the
fiUing. the refining, the systematizing, and the general views —
falling upou the latter. Perhaps 'Veritas' will pardon me if I
claim for myself the entire authorship of seventy-five pages, so
cnnfidentlv attributed by him to the 'graceful and flowing pen
of Mr, Ki-ttell."
'•Tokr notice, Mr. Editor, that lappend my real name to t?iis com-
munication. In controversies of this Irind. where lionor, truth, and
the mcijitmance of n good name are invnlnil. anouymous corre-
spi-mdence is held by the community to argw in its author meaytness,
treachery, and cowardice. I think Mr. Ki-ttcll, were he living,
would be the first to disavow this eager service in his behalf by
his irresponsible advocate. 1 am yours, respectfully,
" F. a. Goodrich.
"I believe I may now leave this matter to the judgment of the
public, with a few brief observations:
" The enormous claims in behiilf of Mr. Kettell, set up by the
Boston Courier and its anonymous cor re.spon dent ' Veritas,' have
been disposed of as follows :
" 1. Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of the thirty-six volumes of
Parley's Tales ; never a line of the ten volumes of I'arley's Histori-
cal Compends. expressly and repeatedly claimed /or hi^n ; and of
the fifty volumes of Ihrby's Miscdlanies he only wrote a few
sketches in half a dozen of them. To pretend, therefore, th.at he
is the 'Veritable ]'<:trr Parley.'' is as gross an imposture as to call
him the ' Veritable Author' of Pickwick, or Guy Mannering, or the
Spectator.
"2. The claim for Mr. Kettell of the authorship of Meny's Mit-
setim — thirty vnlnnies — is reduced to tin- writing of about two
hundred paj:rs nf indin.-n-nt niattt-i-, as a coinspnndent.
"3. His claim In tb.- aut Imrsbip of the Ilistnri/ of Greece. Hisfwy
of the Vnitnl .states, I'arley's Geography, the Primer of Geography,
National Gmgrofihy, Compreliensive Geof/raphy and History, — posi-
tively Hss.-rtrd i>y ' Veritas,* — is shown to be false in the beginning,
the middle, and the end.
"4. Tbe audacious claim of the entire authorship of the History
of All Nations comes to this: that Mr. Kettell was one of four per-
sons who assisted me in the compilation of that work.
"5. It appears, inasmuch as my eyes were weak for a series of
twenty-five years, rendering it sometimes impossible for me to
consult books, that I employed Mr. Kettell to block out sever.il
works, accoiding to plans minutely and carefully prescribed by
me ; and that the materials thus furnished were redxiced to
method, style, and manner, by me. so as to suit my own taste;
and that the works were published as thus remodeled, and not
as they were written by him. It appejirs. furthermore, that all
this was done with Mr.Kettell's full consent, upon written and
explicit agieements, and that he never did plan, devise, contrive,
or finally prepare, any book published under my name, nor was
he, nor did he ever claim to be, the author of any hook thus pub-
lished.
GOO
GOO
" 6. Tt is material to state, diptinctly, that while ' Veritas' claims
for Mr. Ketti'll the entire authorship of over one hundred and
twenty volumes of my works, he (Jlr. Kettell) never assisted me,
in any way or in any dej^ree, in mori3 than twenty volumes, and
these only in the manner above indicatt-d ; that is, in blocking
out works', mostly historical, under my direction, and to be finished
by me.
"7. 1 do not mean by this to depreciate Mr. Kettell's abilities;
but, inasniurh as these audacious claims in his behnlf have been
pertinaciously and impudently urfred. it is proper fur me, in this
formal manner, to reduce them to their true dimensions.
"8. While I thus acknowled-^e the assistance rendered mo by
Mr. Kettell in my historical compilations, it is proper to state that
I had the aid of other persons — some of them of hi^'her name and
feme than he. Among my assistants were N. Hawthorne. E. Sar-
gent, J. 0. Sar;^ent, S. V. Ilolbrook, Ksqs.. Uev. Koyal Uobbins, Rev.
E. U. Smith. Uev. \V. 8. Jenks, and others. The claims of ' Veri-
tas,' if admitted, would not only rob me of the authorship of a
hundred volumes, which I wrote, but would transfer to Mr. Ket-
tell about twenty volumes, to which several other authors contri-
buted with greater ability than he.
"9. 1 think it r.iay Vie safely assumed that in the history of lite-
rature there is not a more impudent attempt at imposture than
this, which originated in the Uoston Courier. It is easy to com-
prehend why the author has not dared to give his name to the
public but has continued to make his attacks behind the mask
of an anonymous title. That I deem myself called upon to notice
him arises frum the firt that he derived a certain color of author-
ity from the Editor nf the Courier, and from publishing papers .ind
documents beloiiuinu to Mr. Ketteirs heirs — thou^rh these con-
tributed in nil dc'-nee either to refute the statement here made or
to substantiate any portion of the claims here referred to.
"10. Literary history is full of instances in which littleness,
allied to mali;:nir,y. has signalized itself by seeking to deprive
authors of their just cbiiins; and. while thus doing wrong to their
literary labfirs. atteiiii.tin^ also to des^nde them in the eyes of
the world as guilty ot aiipinpi i;iliug to themselves honors which
do not belong to them. It is also a vice of base minds to believe
imputations of this sort without evidence, or even against evi-
dence, when once they have been suggested. I do not think it
best, therefore, to leave my name to be thus de^xlt with by future
pretenders, who may desire to emulate this Boston adventurer.
SPURIOUS PARLEY BOOKS.
AMERICAN COUNTEHFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS.
"In tbe United States the name of Parley has been applied to
several works of which I am not the author, though for the most
part from mistake and not from fraudulent designs. The follow-
ing are among the number :
^ Date of No.
publioBtlon. vols.
Parley's Washington. 18mo 1S3'2... 1
Parley's Columbus. do 1832... 1
Parley's Franklin. do 1832... 1
[The name of Parley is not in the title-page of any
of these works, but is put upon the back, and they
are sold as Parley books, hut without authority,
though at the outset, as I believe, with no im-
proper design.]
Parley's Miscellanies. 18mo
Parley's Consul's Daughter, and other Tales. 18mo
Parley's Tales of Humor. ISmo
Parley's Tales of Terror. do ■
Parley's Tales for the Times, do
Parley's Tales of Adventure, do
[The publication of this series, under the name of
Parley, is, I believe, abandoned, as I remonstrated
with the publishers against it, as a fraud upon the
public]
Parley's Picture-Books— 12 kinds ...12
[these 1 have not seen : they are, however, imposi-
tions.]
The Rose, by Peter Parley
The Bud, by Peter Parley
The Mines of different Countries, by Peter Parley
The Garden, by Peter Parley
The Gift, by Peter Parley
The Flower-Basket, by Peter Parley
Fairy Tales, by Peter Parley
[The preceding seven volumes I have not seen, but
I find them in some of the American catalogues.
They are all spurious.]
Parley's Book of Books. Square Ifimo ... 1
[This book, I believe, consists of extracts from Par-
ley's Magazine. Its publication in this form, so
far as it may convey the idea, that it is written by
me, is deceptive.]
Parley's Pictorial — A book for Home Education and
Family Entertainment. 8vo ... 1
Parley's Household Library. 8vo ... 1
[these two works are from old altered plates of Par-
ley's Magazine, and are designed to deceive the
public by making it believe that they are origi-
nal works, and by the author of Parley's Tales.
They are a gross and shameful imposition.]
EXGLISQ COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS.
[The London publishers and authors have made a
large business of preparing and jinblisliing Parley
books. Some of these are repnbiii.ilious. without
change, from the genuine Auieriniu c'litions. to
which I make no objection; some are the genuine
works, more or less altered; and many others are
counterfeits, every m>'ans being used to pass them
off upon the public as by the original author of
Parley's Tales. Among the most notorious of these
are the following:
TtaU of Xo.
publication. TOlfc
Peter Parley's Annual. A Christmas and New Year's
Present. 'Published by i^uWon rf Cb 1841...14
[This is a large 16mo, with colored engravings,
and has been continued from 1841 to 1855 — 14
volumes.]
Peter Parley's Royal Victoria Came of the Kings and
Queens of England. ISmo. Ihirtnu rf- a> 1834... 1
Parley's Book of Gvmnastics. Sq. lOmo. Darton <£■ Co. 1840... 1
Parley's Parting Gift. do. do. IS46... I
Parley's Book of Industry. do. do, 1855... 1
Parley's Book of Poetry. do. do. lS4.'i... 1
Parley's Ireland. do. do. 1843... 1
Parley's Wonders of Earth, Sea, and Sky.
Square Ifimo. d". 185^... 1
Parley's Odds and Ends. Square 16mo. do. ]s40... 1
Parley's Peeps at Paris. do. do. 1848... 1
Parley's I'ri/e Book. do. " do. 1848... I
Parley's School Atlas. do. do. 1842... 1
Parley's Canada. do. do. 1839... 1
Parlev's China and the Chinese, do. do. 1844... 1
Parley's Child's Own Atlas. Square. do. 1853... 1
Parley's Life and Journey of St. Paul. Square 16mo.
Sunphim 1846... 1
Peter Parley's Lives of the Twelve Apostles. Sq. 16mo.
Bogue. 1844... 1
Peter Parley's Visit to London during the Coronation.
Sq. 16mo. Srt//w 1838... 1
Peter Parley's Tales of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Sq.lGmo. Tfgg 1842... 1
Peter Parley's Mythology of Greece and Rome. Sq. 16mo.
Tf-gg :. 1841... 1
Peter' Parley's Tales of Greece, Ancient and Modein.
Square lOmo, Tcgg 1842... 1
Peter Parley's Tales of Ancient Rome and Modern Italy.
Sq. 16mo. T»^og 1840... 1
Peter Parley's Tales about Christmas. Sq. 16mo. Trgg. 1839... 1
Peter Parley's Shipwrecks. do. do. 1846... 1
Parley's Plants.. do. do. 1839... 1
Parley's Modern Geography do. do. 1837... 1
Parley's Bible Geography. Sq. 16mo. J. S. Ilndsrm 1839... 1
Parley's Child's First Step. Sq. 16mo. C/emmts 1839... 1
[there are still other counterfeits of Parley's works,
issued by various parties in London. The utter
disregard of truth, honor, and decency, on the
part of respectable British authors and publishers
in this wholesale system of imposition and injustice,
is all the more remarkable when we consider that
the British public, and especially the British
authors and booksellers, are denouncing us in
America as pirates, for refusing international copy-
right.
The conduct of all these parties places them, morally,
on a footing with other counterfeiters and forgers:
public opinion, in the United States, would con-
sign persons conducting in this manner to the
same degree of reprobation. Can it be that, in
England^ a man who utters a counterfeit five-
pound note is sent to Newgate, while another may
issue thousands of counterfeit volumes and not
destroy his reputation?"]
The above list certainly presents a tolerable proof that
Mr. Goodrich has been no idler in the Republic of Letters.
And his works are nut among those which clog the book-
seller's shelves and excite his periodical indignation on
the annual review of his stock in trade. They may bo
emphatically called ** Live Stock," — for of some of them
more than fifty thousand copies sire circulated every year,
and of all of them, as before stated, the aggregate sale
amounts to about three hundred thousand volumes annu-
ally : — in all about seven millions of volumes have been
sold ! And here we must remark that it would be a great
error to suppose that Peter Pauley confines his energies
to his personal aggrandizement only:
" Mr. Goodrich has been a liberal patron of American authors and
artists; and it is (|uestionable whether any otln-r person has done
as much to inipn.v.' the style of the l-oi^k muuit.icture. or to pro-
mote the arts of entnaving. It isbeliev.'d that he b:ts put in circula-
tion more than two [seven] millions of volumes of his own produc-
tions; all of which inculcate pure morality and cheei lul vtews'uf
life. His style is simple and unaffected; the How of his verse me-
lodious: and his subjects generally such as be is capable of tieat-
ing most successfully."— GmwcWs Povls and Po-try of America.
Can an author desire higher commendation than that
which follows ?
" For twenty years he has preserved the confidence of parents
and teachers of every variety of condition and opinion, by an in-
defectible morality and strong practical sense, which are univer-
sally understood and approved." — hiti'matumal Magazine, ii. 154.
"Mr. Parley has too much reputation as a popular instructor
of the young, to need any very urgent recommendation ou our
I)art."' — Lon. MonthJij Repository.
*' The honoured name of Peter Parley (S. G. Goodrich) when pro-
nounced calls to mind many of the pleasantcst incidents of our
youth. For more than twenty years his delightrul compositions
have instructed and edified children in both hemispheres: and it
is to be regretted that unprincipled usurpers have invaded the
field of his well-eiirned fame, even under his own banner."^
Tru!mrr\'' i:ihli",,):ii>/nral (.'uidr in Am>-r. Lit.
Goodrich, Siiiiou. Clocks; Nic. Jour. 17119.
7U3
GOO
GOO
Goodrich, Thomas, d. 1554, Bishop of Ely, 1534, ;
aiJed in the revision of llic trans, of the New Testament,
1540, in the compilation of the Common Pra\'er Book of
1548, and in The Institution of .1 Christian Man; or, the
Bishop's Book. See Burnet's Reformation : Strype's
Cranmer; Strype's Parker ; Master's Hist, of C. C. C, C;
Bentham's Hist, of Ely.
Goodrick, John, Bishop of Norwich. A thanks-
giving germ, for Victory over the Rebels, on Ps. xlvi.
10. 11, 10.S5, 4to.
Goodricke, Henry. 1. Observ. on Dr. Price's Civil
Liberly, &.<:., Lon., 17711, .9vo. 2. A Speech, 1779, 8vo.
Goodricke, John. Astronom. con. to Phil. Trans.,
17S3, '85, '86.
Goodridge, John. The Phcenix; or, Reasons for
believing that the Comet is the real Phceni.^ of the An-
cients, Lon., 1781, 8vo.
Goodsir, John. Con. to Annals of Med., 1801, '02.
Goodwin. Tran.sub.^tantiation, Lon., 1688, fol.
Goodwin, Christopher, See Goodwvn.
Goodwin, K. S., of Sandwich, Mass., d. 1833, aged
46. Serms.
Goodwin, Francis, an eminent architect, d. 1835.
Domestic Architecture. New ed., Lon., 18o5, r. 4to ; 96
plates. New ed., including the supplement, 1850, 2 vols.
4to. This eminent architect designed many of the hand-
some buildings which arrest the eye of the traveller in the
midland counties of England, and in parts of Ireland.
Lissadcll Court is one of his works, and in the vols, noticed
above will be found the details connected with the erection
of this pile. Perhaps the Manchester Town-Hall is his
chef-d'ceuvre. At the time of his death he was preparing
plans for the erection of the new Houses of Parliament.
His intense application to this duty brought on a fit of
apoplexy, whiclj proved fatal.
Goodwin, George. Melissa Religionis Pontificse
ejusdemque apostrope X. Elegiis, Lon., 1620, 4to. The
same in English, by John Vicars, Lon., 1624, 4to.
Goodwin, Harvey, late Fellow and Mathemat. Lec-
turer of (Jonville and Caius College. 1. Elementary Course
of Mathematics; 5th ed., 1857, 8vo. 2. Problems to above,
1847, 8vo. 3. Parish Serms., 1847, 12mo. 4. Second
Series of do., 1851, 12mo. 5. Four Serms., 1853, 12mo.
6. Short Serms. at Celeb, of Lord's Supper, 1853, 12mo.
7. Comment, on the Gospel of St. Matthew, 1857, p. 8vo.
Goodwin, Isaac. 1. The Town Officer; or. Laws of
Mass. rel. to the Duties of Municipal Officers, Ac, Wor-
cester, 1825, 12mo.
'• Mr. Goodwin has adopted the planof Dickinson's Town Officer,
or rather, we should .say. the plan of every author of Digests and
Abridi^ments, from Brooke to Bigelow, and has done his work
more thorouishly than any of his predecessors." — 1 U. S. Lit.
doz., 31.
2. The New England Sheriff, Worcester, 1830, Svo.
'• To every Sheriff, Coroner and Constable, it will be an indis-
pensable HKHnual." — 5 Aincr. Jur., 208.
Goodwin, John, 1593-1665, an independent divine,
was a zealous republican, and promoted the condemnation
of Charles I., and afterwards endeavoured to justify his
course by writing a pamphlet called The Obstructors of
Justice, 1649, 4to. This, together with Wilton's Eicono-
clastes, and Defensio pro Populo Anglicano, were, on the
Restoration, burnt by the common hangman, Au"-. 27,
1660. He was educated at Queen's ColL, Camb. T pre-
sented to the living of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street,
London, 1633; dismissed for refusing to baptize the chil-
dren of his parishioners promiscuously, and to administer
the Lord's Supper to his whole parish. He became a
warm Arminian, and was a zealous supporter of his
opinions. He pub. a number of theolog. and political
works, of which the following ore the best known. 1.
Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1642, fol. New ed., by
Wesley, 12mo.
" John Goodwin, not yet turned Arminian, pre.ached and wrote
with great diligence about justification, again.st the ligid sense
of imputation; who being answered by Mi-. Walker and Mr.
Itoborough, with far inferior strength, his book had the greater
success for such answerers." — Baxter.
2. The Divine Authority of Scripture Asserted, 164S, 4to.
'■ Pcssessed of very considerable merit. It contains uiore oritd-
nality and ingenious biblical interpretation than most books of
the period known to me; and throughout it I'reathes a .spirit of
tile purest piety towards God, and of good will toivards men." —
Orme's Bibl. Bih.
*' It has ever been considered a masterpiece of polemical i\iQO-
\o^y."— Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
" \ work of great value; full of sound theology and original
views of the Bible.'" — Lon. Chris. Instructcr.
3. Right and Might well met : or a briefe and impartiall
Enquiry into the Proceedings of the Army under Lord
Fairfax, &<:., 1648, 4to.
■' ?'his was considered, at the time of its pullication, one of the
most powerful and successful pamphlets, written on religious
principles, in favour of the Ilepublicau army." — Lowndes's Bibl.
Man. .
4. Redemption Redeemed, 1651, fol. New ed., 1840, Svo.
" The alilest defence of general redemption that ever appeared
in an finglish dress, and may be fairly cousidei'ed as exhibiting
the strength of that cause."— Z>r. E. WdLiams's C. I'.
'■ Though assailed by Twisse and others, Goodwin's work has
never been successfully refuted."
" Redemption Kedeemed is perhaps as powerful a plea for Ar-
minian views as has been published. If you read it, read also
Kendall's and Owen's able Replies." — Bickersteth.
Thos. Lamb and Richard Resbury were also among the
answerers to this work.
5. An Exposition of the Ninth Chap, of the Epist. of
St. Paul to the Romans. New ed., with a Pref. by Thomas
Jackson, 1835, 8vo.
"An able and earnest defence of the important tenet of justifica-
tion by f:ulh."—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"The public owes some giatitude to Mr. Jackson (the eminent
"Wesleyan) for the publication, in so very handsome a form, of this
standard work of Goodwin's, in which the Arnnnian doctrine is
most ably advocated. Goodwin's ironical preface to the Lord-
Mayor and Aldermen, as a theological council, is first-rate in its
way." — British Magazine.
6. Christian Theology, selected and systematically ar-
ranged from his Writings, with Life, by Saml. Dunn,
1836. 7. Life by Jackson, Svo.
" An able defence of this celebrated Arminian." — Bickerstftii's
Chris. Stu.
'■Contains many curious particulars about the author and his
times.' — Ormc's Bibl. Bib.
Goodwin's violence as a politician has prejudiced many
against him, not without cause, we think; but as a theo-
logian few have been more highly commended.
" A person whom his worth, pains, diligence, and opinions, and
the contests wherein on their account he hath publicly engaged,
have delivered him from being the object of any ordinary thoughts
or expressions. Nothing not great, not considerable, not some
way eminent, is by any spoken of him, either consenting with
him, or dissenting from him." — Dr. Owen.
" He had a clear head, a fluent tongue, a penetrating spirit, and
a marvellous faculty in descanting on Scripture." — Dr. Cal.^mv.
"His great learning, good .sense, and extraordinary style for
that day. render his works worth reading." — John Orton.
" He possessed no ordinary portion of strength and originality
of mind, a large measure of disinterested zeal, and a cap.icity for
usefulness which was e.\ceeded by few of his contemporaries." —
Orme.
See Neal's Puritans; Calamy; Barton's Remains, p. 122.
Goodwin, John, Rector of Clapham, Surrey. Serm.
on Prov. xix. 2, 1738, 4to.
Goodwin, Nath. Serms., 1705, Ac., 4to.
Goodwin, P. A. Memoirs of Andrew Jackson,
Hartford. 12mo.
Goodwin, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, '40, Svo.
Goodwin, Philip, d. 1699? Vicar of Watford, pub.
a work on the Lord's Supper, one on Dreams, and other
treatises, 16f9-58.
Goodwin, Simon. The Messiah ; a Poem, Lon.,
1772. 4to.
Goodwin, T. The Loyal Shepherd, or the Rustic
Hendiic; a Dram. Past. Poem., Lon.. 1779, Svo.
Goodwin, 'i'homas, D.D., 1G00-I097, a high-Cal-
vinist Independent divine, a native of Rolesby, Norfolk,
was educated at Christ Church and Catherine Hall, (of
which ho became Fellow,) Camb. ; Lecturer of Trinity
Church, Camb., I62S; Vicar, 1632; relinquished his pre-
ferments, 1634, and became pastor of an Independent
congregation at Arnheim. Holland ; returned to London,
and became a member of the Assembly of Divines ; Pre-
sident of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 164*9 ; ejected at the
Restoration; preached in London until his death in 1697.
After his death a number of his work.? — valuable theolo-
gical treatises — were pub. in 5 vols, fol., 1 681, '83, '92,
'97, 1704, but some pub. in his lifetime (1647, 4to) were
not included, — viz. : Certain Select Cases Resolved ; A
Child of Light walking in Darkness; The Returne of
Prayers; The Tryall of a Christian's Growth, Ac; Ag-
gravation of Sinne, Ac; Vanitie of Thoughts; Christ set
Forth; The Heart of Christ; Encouragements to Faith;
and also— in the collective ed. of his works — Christ the
Universal Peace-Maker. Some other treatises and sepa-
rate series were also pub. before his death. See BiW.
Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., and
authorities below.
" Goodwin's pieces published in his lifetime are the most valuatde.
. . . Many accurate and valuable remarks on Sci-ipture. TheCbilii
of Light walking in Darkness is very useful for afflicted con-
sciences." See Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
GOO
GOR
Bickersteth styles Goodwin's Exposition of the 1st and
part of the 2d chapter of Ephesians
'• A remarkalile display of the riches of the Scriptures, and full
of evat)^i-lii-:il matter." — Christian Sduh-nt.
" His Works, besides many discoui-ses. include an exposition of
part of the Epistle to the tphesians. part of the book of Revela-
tion, and some other portions of Scripture; but, from their extent
and prolixity, they are not likely to be much consulted. Dr.
Goodwin was a learned man. said to be rather hij;h in his Calvin-
istic sentiments, (thouph I have not observed much of this.) but
excelled in expounding!; the Scriptures. lie delij^hted to search
into abstruse and difficult t*;xts. The least particle of speech came
under his imlire. and in numerous iuslancfs he h.-is made it ap-
pear how much depends upon the conuectiii;^^ particles in Scrip-
ture, which are generally overlooked." — Oniw'.< Hihl. Bib.
"Dr. Goodwin, with sentiments truly evanj;elical, and a most
happy talent at opening, sifting, and displaying thu hidden riches
of Scripture."— IlERVfiV.
Anthony a Wood considered Owen and Goodwin the
two Atlases and Patriarchs of Independency.
"Dr. Goodwin's Works are numerous, and, in point of sentiment,
valuable. . . . He was a good scholar, and an eminent divine and
textuary. Ilis style is involved and obscure." — Dr. E. Williams's
C.P.
" A Puritan Divine of very superior powers, whose wri(in;:s cast
much lifrht on tho Scriptures on which he treats. He enters very
fully into the peculiar mode of expression in the sacreil « ritings,
is very evangelical, and full of useful matter." — Bi''k''!Tslel/i''s C S.
Goodwin's treatises — original edits. — had become very
scarce and dear ; but the new edits., 1840-51, pub. by
Mr. Shaw, Seeleys, and the Luiidon Religiuu? Tract So-
ciety, have reduced the value of the former. See Athen.
Oxon. ; Calamy ; Neal's Puritans.
Goodwill? Thomas, son of the preceding, and
pastor of a Dissenting congregation at Pinner, Middlesex.
A Discourse of the True Nature of the Gospel. In an-
swer to the Rev. Mr. Thos. Lurimer's Apology, Lon.,
1695, 4to.
Goodwill, Thomas. Hist, of the Reign of Henry
v.. King of England, Ac, Lon., 1704, fol.
"Compiled from good authorities."' See Bp. Nicolson's Eng.
Hist. Lib.
Goodwin, or Goodwyn, Thomas, surgeon. Hamp-
stead Waters and Bathing, Lon., 1804, 12mo.
Goodwill, Wm. Serni. Oxun., 1614, 4to.
Goodwyn, or GoodAvin, Christopher. 1. The
Chaiioe of the Dolorous Louer, Lon., 1520, 4to.
" Mr. Heber's richly-furnished library may boa^it uf n copy of it."
DiMin's Lib. Onup.
"A lamentable story without pathos." — WaHnn's Hist, of En>j.
Poet.
But not without passion : for thus the *' Dolorous Louer"
apostrophizes his Ladie Faire :
" 0 rubycunde ruby and perle most argent,
0 gyloffer gentyll and swete flowre delyce,
O daynte dyamounde and moost resplendent,
0 doulcet bloasome of a full grete pryce."
Could the lady resist an appeal so impassioned?
2. The Mayden's Dreme, compyled and made, 1542,
eine anno, 4to.
"A vision without imagination." — Wahton : uhi supra.
Goodwyn, £dmund, M.D. Med. treatise, ITSCj
'88, 8vo.
Goodwyn, H. Interest Table; Nic. Jour., ISOl.
Goodwyn, John. Gauging, Lon., 1594, 16mo.
Goodwyn, Thomas. See Goodwin.
Goodyear, Aaron. Serpent's Bite, Phil. Trans. ,1698.
Goodyeare, Win., merchant. Trans, of John Car-
themy's Wandering Knight, Lon., 15S4 ; again, sine anno,
4to. AVe have already noticed this allegorical work ; see
BuNYAX, John ; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., i. 250, 1820.
Googe, Barnaby, b. 1538? a poet and translator,
of whom but little is known, was educated at Christ's
Coll., Cambridge, whence he removed to Staples Inn. See
authorities cited below. 1. Trans, of the Firsto Three
Bokcs of Palingenius's Zodinke of Lyfe, Lou., 1560. The
trans, of the Firste Syxe Bokes was pub. in 1561, 12mo.
The whole in 1565, 16mo, Svo, and 4to; 1588, 4to. These
edits, are rare; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., edit, of 1561, £5 5s.;
of 1565, £y 9«. ; of 1588, £6 6s,
"Googe's Zodiac of Palingenius was a favourite performance,
and is constantly classed with the poetical translations of the
period by cotemporary critics. The work itiself was written by
(J. A. Manznlius. and contains sarcasms against the I'ope, the Car-
dinals, and the Church of Rome." — Ellis.
But see Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.
'■ This poem is a general satire on life, yet without peevishness
or malevolence: and with more of the solemnity of the censor
than the petulance of the satirist." — Warton : uhi supra.
•• Copious extracts from this wretchedly dull boolc are given in
Cens. Lit. ;— hut why are they given '("—/)i/jrfm's Lih. Oomp.
2. Eglogs, Epitaphes, aud Sonnettes, 1563, Svo ; 1570, 4to.
" Mr. isteevens, of which library this book formed No. 876, (sold
for £10 16s. M..) said there was no scarcer book in the English
language than tiiia. It now belf^ngs to Mr. Ilebcr," — Cots. Lit.
There is another copy in the Library of Triu. Coll.,
Camb. 3. Trans, of T. Nnugeorgius's Popish Kingdom,
1570, 4to. 4. Trans, of Foure Bookes of Husbandrie from
Heresbachius, enlarged, 1577, *S6, 4to. By Gervase Mark-
ham, with Notes and Illustrations, 1614, 4to. See Donald-
son's Agricult. Biog. 5. Trans, of The Proverbea of Sir
James Lopes de Mendoza, 1579, lOmo. (iouge also pub.
trans, of Aristotle's Categories and Virgil's Georgics. Sec
Fleming, ABUAn.vM ; Goocii. Bkunaiui, in this vol.; and
the following works, in addit. to those cited above: Tuber-
ville's Sonnets,- Tanner; Brydges's Phillips's Thcat. Poet.;
Churton's Life of Nowel; Strypc's Parker; Restituta :
Ellis's Specimens.
Gooldn, Daniel, d. 1687, aged 75, a native of Kent,
England, emigrated to Virginia, 1621 ; settled in Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1644; visited England, 1656: Major-Geue-
ral of Mass., 1681-86. He was Superintendent of the
Indians who had submitted to the governor of Massa-
chusetts, from 1656 until his death, aud zealously co-ope-
rated with Eliot in his efforts for their spiritual instruc-
tion. Historical Collections of the Indians in New Eng-
land. This was written in 1674, and remained in MS.
until 1792, when it was pub. by the Mass. Hist. Soc. He
also wrote history of N. England. See Mass. Hist. Coll.,
i. 226, 228: vii. 23; Holmes's Hist, of Camb.; Hutchin-
son; Mather's Magnalia: Johnson's Wond. -Work. Prov.,
109, 192; Stith, 205; Allon'.s Atner. Biog. Diet.
Gookiu, Kathauiel, d. 1734, aged 46, grandson of
the preceding, and minister of Hampton, N. H., graduated
at Harvard Coll., 1703 ; succeeded Jcjin Cotton. 1710. He
pub. three serms. occasioned by the earthquake in Oct,
1727, to which is added an account of the earthquake, Ac.
See Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 55 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Gookin, Vincent. Transplanting the Irish into Con-
naught, Ac. : in answer to Rich. Laurence, Lon., 1695, 4to.
Goold, Rev. Wm. H. See Owet*. John, D.D.
Goolilcn, Samuel. Gangrene ; Ed. Med. Ess., 1734.
Gordon, a layman. Serm., 1733, 8vo.
Gordon. 1. Comedies of Terence in Eng. Verse, Lon.,
1752, 12mo. 2. Powers of Ecclesiastics, 1776, Svo.
Gordon of Lochinvar. Encouragements for such as
shall have Intention to bee Undertakers in the new Planta-
tion of Cape Briton, now New Galloway, in America, by
mee, Lochinvar, Edin., 1620, 4to; Gordoun?ton, 1073. £3.
Gordon, Lt.-C'ol. To the Volunteer Corp.-, Lon., 1805.
Gordon, Abraham. Con. to Med. Ohs. and Inq.,
1755.
Gordon, Sir Adam, Rector of West Tilbury, Essex,
Preb. of Bristol. His best-known works are — 1. Serms.,
Lon., 1700, 2 vols. 2. Discourses, &Q.; the substance of
the Homilies in a modern style, 1795, 2 vols, Svo; 1817,
2 vols. Svo.
" Very necessary for every clergyman to possess, who wishes
properly to discharge his pastoral duties." — Bp. To.iiline.
But see Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.. 4th ed., p. 325.
3. Serms., 1796, 8vo. 4. Fifty-two Lectures on the
Catechism of the Ch. of Eng. with three Discourses, 1817,
3 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number of occasional serms : see
Bibl. Brit.
Gordon, Alexander. Tyrocinium Linguce Latinge,
Lon., 1664, Sv.i.
Gordon, Alexander. Theatre of the Scottish Kings,
1700, 4t...
Gordon, Alexander, d. 1750, a Scotch antiquary,
resided for many years on the continent, and also visited
Carolina in 1741, and died there. He was a good Greek
scholar, and an excellent draughtsman. 1. Itinerarium
Septentrionale; or, a Journey through mostof the Counties
of Scotland, and those in the North of England. In two
Parts, Lon., 1726, fol. 2. Supplement to al>ove, 1732, fol.
A Latin edit, of Nos. 1 and 2 was pub. in Holland, 1731.
3. The Lives of Pope Alex. VI. and his sou Caesar Borgia,
&c., Lon., 1729. fol. 4. Trans, of Maffei's Hist, of the
Ancient Amphitheatres, 1730, Svo; 2d ed. enlarged, 625
Plates of Mummies, about 1739, fol. 5. Essays resp.
Mummies, 1737, fol. Sec Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Gordon, Alexander, of Achintoul, several years
Major-General in the Czar's service. 1. Hist, of Peter
the Great, Aberdeen, 1755. 2 vid.s. Svo. 2. The Prussiad;
an Heroic Poem, &c., Lon., 1759, 4to.
Gordon, Alexander, M.D. 1. Puerperal Fever of
Aberdeen, Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. In conjunction with Rev.
Dr. Colin Milne, Indigenous Botany, vol. i., 1793, Svo.
3. Con. to Med. Com., 1793.
Gordon, Sir Alexander Duff, Bart. 1. Trans, of
Sketches of German Life, Lon., 1847, p. Svo.
*• This is a selection des'-Ts ing of more than ordinary attention.
GOR
Thoupb the writer [Ton Enpe] does not take a hif;:h rank amoBg
thti authors of niodf rn Germany, io ri^'bt either oi^ ori)j:iQal talont
or any peculiar charm of style as a narrator, he is easy, circura-
gtautial, and trustworthy. He has lived, too, anioug distiuj;uished
people and in stirrinR times."' — Lon. Athfna-um.
2. Trans, of A. WciU's Village Tales from Alsatia. New
ed., 1847, sq. 3. In conjunction with Lady Duff (jordon,
Trans, of Leopold Ranke's Memoirs of the House of
Brandenburg and Hist, of Prussia, 1849, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Professor Kanke has devoted some eight or ten years to the
examination of materials especially relating to the period embraced
by this history ; he was, moreover, one of the t'omnnssion ap-
pointed to superintend the preparation of the new .-dition of the
Great Frederick's works now in course of publication at li.rhu,
and has thus been enabled to gain a fresh insight into several
portions of that monarch's life, and to throw a new light upon
several of his actions."— IVujis/citois' Pre/ace.
"The translation transfers the whole value of the original work
into our language, and, whatever may be its merits as an historical
composition, they no%« belong as much to English as German
literature." — Lmi. K.-mn'mist. ...
"The translation is well done, on a somewhat free principle;
not free as to the sense, for the translators have completely pene-
trated their author's meaning ; but free with respect to the choice
of words and the structure of opinion." — Loii. .^j'ectator.
Gordon, Alexander George, M.D. The Com-
plete English Physician ; or, a Univ. Lib. of Family Med.,
Lon., 1778, Svo.
Gordon, AndreAV, 1712-1751, Prof, of Philos. in
the Scots Monastery of the Benedictines at Erfurt. His
principal works are— 1. Progr. de studii philosophici digni-
tate et utilitate, Erfurt, 17;!7, 4to. 2. Do Concordandis
mcnsuris, 1742, 4to. 3. Phsenomenaelectricitatis exposita,
1744, 8vo. 4. Physica experimentalis elementa, 1751-52,
2 vols. Svo, with plates. Dr. Priestley says that Gordon
was the first person who used a cylinder instead of a globe
in the electrical apparatus. See Hirsching's Manual of
Eminent Persons who died in the 18th Century.
Gordon, Anthony. Science of Defence, Lon., 1805,
4to.
Gordon, Bernard, a native of Gordon, in Rouvergne,
France, is improperly called a Scotsman by Watt. For
an account of him and his medical works, see Memoires
pour servir a I'histoire do la faculte de Moulpellicr, par
Astruc ; Biog. Univ.
Gordon, C. A. A Concise Hist, of the antient .and
illust. House of Gordon, Aberd., 1754, 12mo. Privately
printed, Jadis, 84, 17s.
Gordon, Charles Alexander, M.D. 1. Tlio Prin-
cipal Diseases of India briefly described, Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Hand-Book for Medical Officers of Hor M,ajesty's Service
in India, 1852, 12mo.
Gordon, D. Pharmacopina.'i, Aberd., 1625, 4to.
Gordonstouu, 1021, £5 178. 6^.
Gordon, Duncan, M.D. Letter to John Hunter,
Lon., 17Sfi, 4to.
Gordon, Francis. Predestination, Ac, Edin., 1712,
4to.
Gordon, George. 1. Newtonian Philos., Lon., 1719,
12mo. 2. Longitude, 1724, Svo. 3. Astronomy, Ac, 1726,
Svo.
Gordon, George. Annals of Europe, Lon., 1739-43,
6 vols. Svo.
Gordon, George. De Natura Rerum, Qujestioncs
Philosophicie, Glasg., 175S, Svo.
Gordon, (Jeorge. Serms., Lon., 1794, 1S05, 4to.
Gordon, George Campbell. Serm., Luke xxii. 19 ;
riie Holy Comuuinion, Lon., IS50, r. 12mo.
Gordon, J. Memoirs concerning Popery, Lon. ,1733, Svo.
Gordon, James, D.D., 1543-1620, surnained Huut-
l£eus, from his connection with the noble family of Gor-
don ; a Scotch Jesuit, was for nearly fifty years professor
of Hebrew and divinity in several parts of Europe, and
for some time a missionary in Scotland and England ; and
bis zeal in making converts caused him to be twice im-
prisoned.
1. Controversarium Fidei Epitome, Ac: 1st torn., Aug.
Pict., 1612 ; 2d tom., Paris ; 3d torn., Cologne, 1620, all Svo.
"This work is entitled to a place here, were it only because it
partly led to the puldication of the Philologia Sacra of Qlassuis.
In one of the tracts which it contains, De "Verbo Dei, he [Gordon |
attacks with great vigour and acuteness the present Hebrew text,
and extols exceedingly the Latin Vulgate." — Ormr's Bib}. Brit..ij.v.
2. Summaries of the Controversies, Ac. betwecne Catbo-
lickes and Protestants, 1618, Svo. 3. Traditions, 1614, Svo.
Gordon, James, D.D., 1553-1641, surnaincil Les-
morsens, from his connection with the family of Lesmore;
a Scotch .lesuit, was born at or near Aberdeen, He was
Rector of the Colleges of Toulouse and Bordeaux, and
confessor to Louis XIII. 1. Opus Chrouologicum, Col.
Agr., 1614, fol.
" It is not. I believe, a work of great value." — Ormc\^ Jii'A. Bib.
706
GOR
2. Chronologia .ab Orbe condita ad annum Christi, 1617;
Aug. Rot., 1617, fol. 3. Catholica verltate, diatriba, Bur-
dfo-, 1623, 12mo. 4. Biblia Sacra : cum Commentariis, Ac,
Paris, 1630, 3 vols. fol.
"These volumes, according to 'Walch, contain many things
which raay be read with profit."— Orme: ubi sitin-a.
5, Thcologia Moralis, tomus prior, P.aris, 1634. 6. Opus-
cula Chronologicum, Uistoricum, Geogr.aphicum, Col. Agr.,
1636, Svo.
Gordon, James, Bishop of Aberdeen. 1. The Re-
formed Bishop, Lon., 1679, Svo. Anon. 2. To R. Catho-
lics, 1687, 4to. 3. Fables of Esop, as commented on by
Sir Roger L'Estrange, Edin., 1700, fol. 4. A Generous
Prince, Lon., 1703, Svo.
Gordon, James. An Ordination Serm., 1735.
Gordon, James, Parson of Uothiemay. 1. Hist, of
Scots Affairs, 1637-41, Aberd., 1810-42, 3 vols. 4to, Spald-
ing Clul), vols, i., iii., v. Only 250 copies printed.
" This valuable work is printed from a unique MS. in the library
of the King's College at Aberdeen, and forms a work of great au-
thority, and the principal writers of this period have all referred
to it, even while locked up in manuscript."
2. Description of bothe Towns of Aberdeene, edit, by C.
Inncs, 1842, 4to, Sipalding Club, vol. iv.
Gordon, James, Vicar of B.arrngh, Rector of Kil-
legny, Ac, Ireland. 1. Terraquea ; or, a New System of
Geography and Modern Hist, Lon., 1790-93, 2 vols. Svo.
2. Hist, of the Rehell. in Ireland in 1798, Ac, 1801, '03,
Svo. 3. Hist, of Ircl.and from the earliest accounts to the
Union in 1801, 2 vols. Svo, 1806. In French, by P. La
Montague, Paris, 1808, 3 vols. Svo.
"The author has not derogated from the reputation which he
derived from his prior publication, since we discover in it the same
clear discernment, the same sound judgment, the same strong
good sense, the same manly sentiments, and the same fearless
fntegrity and devotion to truth."— Z."7(. Montlt. Rev.
" A jiarty work abounding in misrepresentation." — Lowndes's
Bill. Man.
4. Hist, of the Brit. Islands, Great Brit., and the Islands
that with it compose a geographical group, from the earliest
accounts to 1807, 4 vols. Svo., 1815.
Gordon, Kcv. James Bentley. An Hist, and
Geographical Memou- of the N. Aiuer. Continent: its
Nations and Tribes ; with a summary Acct. of his Life,
Writings, and Opinions. Edited by Thos. Jones, Dubl.,
1S20, 4to.
Gordon, John, Gentleman of the Chamber to the
King of France. Panegyriciue de Congratulation pour la
Concorde dcs Roy.aumcs "de la Grande Bretagne en Vnitc
de Religion ct Vniquo Royaute, Paris, 1603, sm. Svo; Ro-
chelle, 1603, Svo. In English, Lon., 1603, 4to. Liber
r.arissimus. This work is ascribed by Lowndes to Dr.
Gordon, Dean of Sarum.
Gordon, John, D.D., Dean of Sarum, pub. Assertionis
pro vera vera? Ecclesise Nota, 1603, Svo; Anti-Torto-Bel-
larminus, Ac, 1610, 4to: and other theolog. treatises. Sec
Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Gordon, John. Serm. on the Union, Lon., 1604, 4to.
Gordon, John, of Glencat. Autobiog., Lon.,1733, Svo.
Gordon, John, of Buthlaw. De Nuptijs Roberti
Senescalli Scoti:c atque Elizabelhaj Morse Dissertatio,
Edin., 1749. For a trans, of this work — highly com-
mended— see Scotia Rediviva, vol. i., Edin., 1826, Svo.
Gordon, John. Specimen Animadversionum Criti-
carum in priscam Evangeliorum Gothicam ; item novse
ejusdem versionis interpretationis Latince, Edin., 1760,
Svo.
Gordon, John. The Famous Bull, or Constitution
Unigenitus, Ac; related in the Memoirs of John Gordon,
who was thirteen years in the Scots College at Paris ; 2d
ed., Lon., 12mo, sine iniiio.
Gordon, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Lincoln, d. 1793,
aged 68. 1. Serm., Camb., 1767, 4to. 2. Serm., Lon.,
1771. 410.
Gordon, John. Poems, Lon., 1807, '12, 12mo.
Gordon, John, M.D. Lect. on Anat. and Physiol.,
Edin. 1. Structure of the Brain, comprising an estimate
of the claims of Drs. Gall and Spurzhcim, Edin., 1807, Svo.
2. A System of Anatomy, 1S15, Svo; engravings (22) to
do., 1817, Svo.
■•.\ much-esteemed work." — Loi'mdes's Bibl. Man.
3 Lcct. on Human Physiology, 1817, Svo. 4. Caloric;
Tlioiii. Ann. Piiilos., 1814.
Gordon, John. Eng. Spelling, Lou., 1814, ISmo.
Gordon, I'rol'. Lewis, of (jlasgow. 1. Lect. on
Civil Engineering :ind Mechanics, Edin., r. Svo. 2. Tr.ans.
of Prof. Julius Weisbach's Principles of the Mechanics of
Machinery and Engineering, 1S47-4S, 2 vols. Svo. First
Amcr. ed., with addjts. by Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Phila.,
1S49. 2 vols. Svo.
GQB
GOB
" The most valuable contribution to practical science that has
yet appeared in this country."— i('?t. Athemruvi.
"In every way worthy of being; recommended to our readers."
— Franklin JnsUtutc Jintr.
Goriloii, Kev. Louilon Ilareoiirt. An Apology
for the CoiidtK-t of the (iurclons, <ic. rel. tu Mrs. Lee, Lon.,
1804, Svn.
Gordon, Lady Lucie Duff, wife of Sir Alexander
Duff Gordon, is a daughter of Mrs. Sarah Austin ; see ante.
1. Trans, of Niebuhr's Greek Legends. 2. Trans, from
the German of The Amber Witch : the mo.st interesting
Trial for Witchcraft yet known, Lon., 1841, p. Svo. A
new English ed. was pub. in 1849, l8mo.
'*lf this work by genuine, it is, undoubtedly, as it announces
itself, the most interesting nf all those strange trials for witch-
craft, so absorbing and souiLtimes so inexplicable, which occur
at a certain period in almost every country in ICurnpe; if it be a
fiction, it is worthy — we can give nobi;,'her praise — of Defoe. The
editor professes to have found the manus'iipt in a manner by no
means improbable, yet rather too like that which the author of
Waverley. as well as many others of inferittr name, have been so
fond of playing off upon us. It was bron^ibt to him by his sexton
out of a niche or closet in the chutih, w here it had long lain hid
among a heap of old hymn-books and us.-less parish-accounts. We
have read nothing for a long time, in fiction or in history, which
has so completely riveted and absorbed our attention." — Lou.
(^uar. ii*et'., Jttne, 1S44.
But hear the conclusion of tbe story:
"The Amber Witch is one of the ' Curiosities of Literature,' for
in the last German editiou (he author is obliged to prove that it
is entirely a work of imagination, and not, as almost all the Ger-
man critics believed it to be when it appeared, thf reprint of an
old chronicle. It was. in fact, written as a trap for the disciples
of Strauss and his sch'iol, who had pronounced the Scriptures of
the Old and New Testaments, from historical research, assisted
by 'internal evidence,' to be a collection of legeuds. Meinbuld
did not spare them when they fell into the snare, and made merry
with the historiciil knowledge and critical acumen that could not
detect the contemporary romancer uudiT the ni.tsk of the chronicler
of two centuries ago, while they decided so jmsitively as to the
authority of thu most ancient writings in the world." — Lun. Ttnu^s,
Juhj, 1850.
3. Trans, of Lt. Lamping's [a young Oldenburg soldier]
work entitled, The French in Algiers, 1844, p. Svo.
*'The events are described in a pleasing style of easy epistolary
narrative. The glimpsi-s which they alTord of Ih*^ bai-barities of
the French African war fully confirm the worst opiiiions which we
had formed on the suttject." — N'>rtlo:m Whiy.
4. Trans, from the German of Ritter Von Feuerbach's
Remarkable Crimes and Trials, 1846, Svo.
" The reader is taken into a new woi'ld. in which al! is grotesque
and borrilile. . . . The secrets of the prisou-house are opened to
him."— £i////. }{t>,i\
'The tiansbttion is excellent, and a judicious compression of
the original has added much to the effect.'' — Loti. ExanUmr,
"Lady Gordon possesses in a high degree the rare faculty of
translation, to which she has a hereditary right. .She has skil-
fully pruned the luxuriant details of some of the cases, and omit^
ted the disquisilions on evidence and othei- h'g.il topics, which,
however valuable in themselves, would be uninteresting to gene-
ral readers. The present collection of criminal cases forms, as far
as we are aware, the most interesting specimen existing in our
language." — 1 Law Mtig., N. S., 310; and see 4 Law Rev.
The legal student should add to this volume Dumas's
Celebrated Crimes.
"Dumas's book is very striking. The tragedy of Truth — the
serious side of what is called the Romance of Real Life — had never
such startling illusti-ation as this remarkable book aff.>rds. What
a story is that of the Marchioness de Ganges!" — Loti. Examiner.
5. Trans, of Stella and Vanessa; a Novel, by L6on de
Wailly. 6. Trans, of Ferdinand and Maximilian, by Ranke.
7. Trans, of the Village Doctor, by the late Comtesse d'Ar-
bouville. 8. Trans, of MoUke's Russian Campaigns of
1S28-29 on the Danube; pub. in 1S54. 9. In conjunction
Tvith Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Trans, of Ranke's Me-
moirs of the House of Brandenburg, and Hist, of Prussia,
1849, 3 vols. Svo.
Gordon, N. M. Alleghan; a Poem in Nine Books,
Cin., 1855, 12mo. In blank verse. The theme of the
poem is the spread of the Gospel.
Gordon, Patrick, 1. Neptunus Britannicus Cory-
donis, Lon., 1613, 4to. 2. Historie of Penardo and Laissa,
&Q., in heroik Verse, Dort, 1615, 12nin. 3. The famovs
Historie of Robt. Bruce, Jcc, Dort, 161iJ, 4to; Ediu.,
1718, 12mo.
Gordon, Patrick. Geography, &c., 1693, Ac.
Gordon, Patrick, Lt.-Gov. of Penna. Two Indian
Treaties at Conestogue, 172S; Phila., 1728, fol.
Gordon, Pryse Lockhart. Personal Memoirs;
or, Reminiscences of Men and Manners at Home and
Abroad during the last Half- Century, with occasional
sketches of the Author's Life, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. Svo.
"With many pleasant anecdotes of men and things, we have in
these volumes an abundance of commonplace and almost puerile
narrative, which necessarily must take the load in fixing a charac-
ter on this book." — Lou. Month. Rev.
"The best collection of real anecdotes and adventures that we
have seen for many a day." — Lnn. ,Sprctu(or.
"We know not any species of work so calculated to give a real
view of life in its infinite varieties." — Court Jnurnal.
Gordon, Robert, of Stralogh, Scotland, d. about
1650, wrote a topographical work entitled Theatrum Scotite,
illustrated with maps, and dedicated to Cromwell. It was
printed at Amsterdam.
"On y trouve une description compl&te de rficosse, avec des
cartes particuli^res de chaque comte. On y ajnute le livre de
Buchanan, De Jure regni apud .Scotos." — Biog. ITuiiers.
Gordon, Robert. Deafness; Med. Com.. 1775.
Gordon, Sir Robert, of Gordonstouu. Bart., Gen-
tleman of the Bedchamber to K. James I. and K. Charles
I., &c. A Genealogical Hist, of the Earldom of Suther-
land, Edin., 1S13, fol. Bindley, Pt. 1, 2046, £1 13».
Largest paper, Brookett. 1329, £1 19*. One copy was
struck off on vellum for the Marquis of Stafford. This
splendid volume, edited by Henry Weber, was pub. under
the auspices and at the charge of the Marchioness of
Stafl'ord, (in her own right Countess of Sutherland.)
"The paper, printing, and style of getting up are worthy of the
intrinsic value of the Toluuies. Such works are sometimes not
only highly curious and interesting, but are absolutely necessary
to the Historian and Antiijuary for the satisfactory completion of
their historical labours. In this work we have materials which
equally appertain to English and Scottish history." — JJibi/iit's Bibl.
Spenseriuna.
The bibliographer must not fail to procure if he can—
which is greatly to bo questioned — A Catalogue of the Sin-
gular .and Curious Library, originally formed between 1610
and 1650, by Sir Robert Gordun, of Gordounstoun, .fee,
with some addits. by his successors, comprising an extra-
ordinary number of rarities in the literature of the six-
teenth and seventeenth centuries. Sold by auction, Lon-
don, in J\I:iri'h and April, 1816.
Gordon, Robert, D.D., minister of the Free High
Church, Ediu. 22 Evangelical Serms-, Edin., 1825, '26,
'33, 8vo.
" These are orations, these are arguments, worthy of a high and
permanent place in our theological literature. They display a
vigour and originality of thought which it is truly refreshing to
meet with in printed sermons, and are, at the same time, bnldly
explicit in the enunciation of the Gospel system." — Lnyi, J-Mectic
Ji(v.
In The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo, containing
treatises by Flavel, Cecil, and Shaw, will be found an Es-
say by Dr. Gordon.
"This volume is well IStted to be a companion to the afflicted;
nor can the Christian rise from the perusal of the treatises witlmut
some salutary impressions, calculatrd to soothe him under present
sufl'ering, or tit him for meeting future trials with devout acqui-
escence in the divine appointment."
Gordon, T. Trans, of ftlenzel's Hist, of German
Literature, with Notes, Oxf.. 1840, 4 vols. p. 8vo.
" There is no higher name in the living literature of his country
than ^lenzel: he is eloquent and popular at the same time." —
BUickiimid's Mag.
Gordon, Tliomas, 16S4?-1750, a native of Kirkcud-
bright, (ialloway, settled in Loudon, and became a noted
political and religious writer. 1. Tacitus, trans, into Eng-
lish, &c., Lon., 1728-31, 2 vols. fol. 2. The Independent
Whig; or, a Defence of Primitive Christianity, 1732, 2
vols. 12mo. 3. Sallust, trans, into English, 1744, 4to.
4. Review of a pamph. by Chas. Yorke, 1740, Svo. 5. In
conjunction with John Trenehard, Cato's Letters, 1724,
'37, '48, "55, 4 vols. 12mo. 6, 7. Two Collec. of Tracts: I.
A Cordial for Low Spirits, 1750, 3 vols. 12mo: 3d ed., by
Richard Baron, 1763, 3 vols. 12mo. II. The Pillars of
Priestcraft and Orthodoxy Shaken, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo,
New cd.. by Richard Baron, 1768, 4 vols. 12mo.
Gordon, Thomas, 1. Naval Architecture, Lon.,
1784, Svo. 2. British Fisheries, 1785, Svo.
Gordon, Thomas, of Aberdeenshire, General of a
Division of the Greek Army. Hist, of the Greek Revolu-
tion, Lon., 1832, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1842.
"It is utterly impossible for us to do any thing like justice to
the merits of these important volumes; but we have seen more
than enough to justify us in declariug that they must at once take
tht-'ir rank among our standard liistorit'S." — Lan. Athenmum.
■' Hundreds of books have been written about the Greek Revo-
lution, but its history is now truly written for the first time." —
Lou. Examiurr.
Gordon, Thomas F. 1. Digest of the Laws of tho
United States, Phila., 1S27, Svo; 4th ed., 1851.
"An exceedingly useful work, very carefully prepared." — Jfor-
vin'sLeg.Bihl.^VJ.; IS Amer.Jur.^-Z'l'A; 19,257; 1 Lrg. Exam., 263.
2. Hist, of Pennsylvania from its Discovery to 1776,
1823, '29, Svo. 3. Hist, of New Jersey from its Discovery
to 17S9, Trenton, 1831, Svo. 4. The Hist, of America,
Phila., 1 831. 2 vols. 12mo. The first two vols, of the
Cabinet of American History. Two more were pub. in
1832 : see No. 5. 5. The Hist, of Ancient JVlexico, 2 vols.
707
GOR
GOR
12mo. See No. 4. 6. Gazetteer of New Jersey, Trenton, I
1834, 8vo. 7. Gazetteer of New York, lx:i6, 8vo.
Gordon, W'm. 1. Serm., 1710. 4tu. 2. Do., 1717, Svo.
Gordon, >Vm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1718, '19, Svo.
Gordon, Wra. Hist, of tlie Ancient Noble and lUust.
Family of tiie Gordons to 1690, Edin., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo.
'■ CoIIecti'd from Scots and foreign historical manuscripts, records,
and registers of the nation."
Gordon, W'm. Serm., 1746, Svo.
Gordon, Wm. 1. The Universal Accountant and
Complete Merchant, 1763, '65, '74, 2 vols. Svo.
"A worli of this Itiud adapted to the present state of science
and commerce is a desideratum " — McOnWjcti's Lit. of PnlU. Econ.
Mr. McCuUoch heads the department devoted to Book-
keeping and Mercantile Accounts in the valuable work
from which we have just quoted, with the following apt
citation from an eminent authority:
*'The couutiug-house of an accomplished merchant is a school
of method, where the great science m.iy be learned of ranging par-
ticulars under generals, of bringing the different parts of a trans-
action together, and of showing at one view a long series of dealing
and exchange. Let no man venture into large business while he
is ignoi-ant of the method of regulating books; never let him
imagine that any degree of natural abilities will enable him to
supply this deficiency or preserve multiplicity of affairs from in-
extricable confusion.'' — Dr. Johnson: Pn-Jaix to Rolfs Dictivnuru
tif Trade and Oiin7yi<:rcc.
2. Arithmetic, 1779, 12mo. 3. Livy, in English, 1813,
12mo.
Gordon, Wm. Thanksg. Serm., Lon., 1776, Svo.
Gordon, Wm., D.D., 1729-1807, a native of Hitchin,
Hertfordshire, England, was pastor of an Independent
church at Ipswich, and was subsequently successor to Dr.
David Jennings in the church at Old Gravel Lane, Wap-
ping. In 1770 he removed to America, and became minister
of the Third Church, Roxbury, Mass. In 1786 he returned
to England, and preached both at St. Neot's, Huntingdon-
shire, and at Ipswich. He died in the latter place Oct. 19,
1807. He pub. semis., Ac, 1772, '75, '77, 'S3; an Abridgt.
of Jonathan Edwards's Treatise on the Religious Affec-
tions, and a History of the Rise, Progress, and Establish-
ment of the Independency of the U. States of America,
Ac, Lon., 1788, 4 vols. Svo; N. York, 17S9, 3 vols. Svo ;
1794, 3 vols. Svo.
"The language of this work deserves little encomium, but the
merit of fidelity is the first qualification in an historian; and to
that claim we believe the piesent dispassionate writer is fully en-
titled."— Lou. Month. Hnv., Mn/. ITs'j, 441. 44:2.
"The History of Gordon, in tour thick octavo volumes, will, in
like manner, be consulted with best effect when other accounts
have been perused. The author appears to have access to good
sources of information; and the work is an immense assemblage
of tacts, presented to the reader with little or no comment, aud
with great impartiality." — Smi/th's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
But audi alteram partem :
"This however is rather a collection of facts than a regular his-
tory, for the writing of which, indeed, the author had no talent ;
his style is vulgar and confused, and his reflections commonplace.
The best parts of it occur where he made most use of Dodsle.v's
Annual Register. The colouring be attempts to give, as may be
expected, is entirely unfavourable to the English, nor does he en-
deavour to disguise his partialities." — Supp. vol. to the Diet. Ilist..
1812.
" There arises some suspicion that Dr. Gordon actually wrote
under the influence of .Vmerican prejudice." — Lon. Critical Etr.
Gordon, Wra., M.D., 1801-1849, was educated at Ri-
pon, Engl.and, in the vicinity of which city he was born.
After some years' experience as a general practitioner, in
1841 he took the degree of M.D., and settled as a physi-
cian in Hull. 1. Academical Examin.ations on the Practice
of Surgery, 1828. 2. Critical Inquiry concerning a new
Membrane of the Eye, 1832. 3. Contributions to Medical
Journals. See The Christian Philosopher triumphing over
Death ; a narrative of the Closing Scenes of the Life of
the late Wm. Gordon, M.D., F.L.S., of Kingston-npon-HuU,
by Newman Hall, Lon., 1849, 12mo; 5th cd., 1854. Wo
have referred to this work in our life of Godman, Joir.v D.
Gore, Mrs. Catherine Grace, a celebrated English
novelist, the widow of Mr. Charles Gore, has perhaps done
more to familiarize the public mind with the tone of fash-
ionable manners and conversation than any other writer
of the day. The following alphabetical list of her writings
presents the best illustration of her literary industry.
From the date of her first work, (about 1823,) — Theresa
Marchmont; or. The Maid of Honour, — Mrs. Goro has been
in constant communication with the public. 1. Agathonia,
1844, 12mo. 2. Ambassador's Wife, 1S42, 3 vols. p. Svo.
3. Banker's Wife, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo. 4. Birthright, and
other Tales, 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 5. Bond ; a Dramatic
Poem, Svo. 6. Cabinet Minister, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo.
7. Castles in the Air, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8. Cecil ; or.
Adventures of a Co.xcomb, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1849,
12mo. 9. Courtier of the Days of Charles the Second,
and otber Tales, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 10. Daerc of the
South, or the Olden Time; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo. 11. De-
bntante, 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 12. Dean's Daughter;
or. The Days We Live In, 1853,3 vols. p. Svo. 13. Diamond
and the Pearl, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. 14. Diary of a Desen-
nuyee, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. 15. Dowager; or. Modern
School of Scandal, 1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1854, 12mo.
16. Fair of May Fair, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo. 17. Fascination,
and other Tales, (edited by Mrs. Gore,) 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo.
18. Greville; or, A Season in Paris, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo.
19. Hamiltons, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1850, 12mo. 20. Heir of
Selwood, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 21. Historical Traveller,
1831, 2 vols. p. Svo. 22. Hung.arian Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo.
23. Inundation; a Christmas Story, 1843, '50, 12mo. 24.
Lady Leighton. 25. Lettre de Cachet; The Reign of
Terror; two tales, 1S27, p. Svo. 26. Lost Son. New eil.,
1854, 12mo. 27. Mammon ; or, the Hardships of an
Heiress, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo. 28. Man of Fortune, and
other Tales, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 29. Manners of the
Day; or. Women as they are, 1S30, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 30.
Mary Raymond, and other "Tales, 1S37, 3 vols. p. Svo.
31. Memoirs of a Peeress ; edited by Lady Charlotte Bury.
3 vols. p. Svo. 32. Men of Capital; Two Stories, 1S46.
3 vols. p. Svo. 33. Modern Chivalry, 1843, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
34. Money-Lender, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo; 1854, 12mo.
35. Mothers .and D.aughters, 1831, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1834,
*49, 12mo. 36. Mrs. Armytage; or. Female Domination.
3 vols. p. Svo; 1848, 12mo. 37. New Year's Day, 1846,
'50, 12mo. 38. Opera ; a Story of the Beau Monde, 3 vols,
p. Svo. 39. Ormington, or Cecil a Peer: a sequel to
Cecil a Coxcomb, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. 40. Paris, Pictu-
resque and Romantic; letter-press by Mrs. Gore, with 21
illustrations by Mr. T. Allom, 1842, r. Svo. 41. Peers and
Parvenus, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 42. Pin-Money, 3 vols. p.
Svo. 43. Polish Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. 44. Popular Mem-
ber, and other Tiilcs, 1844, 3 vols. p. Svo. 45. Prefer-
ment; or, my Uncle the Earl, 1S39, 3 vols. p. Svo. 46.
Progress and Prejudice, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 47. Queen
of Denmark, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 48. Quid Pro Quo; a
Comedy, Svo. 49. Romances of Real Life, 3 vols. p.
Svo. 50. Rose-Fancier's Manual, a trans, from the French.
1838, p. Svo. 51. Self, 3 vols. p. Svo. 52. Sketch-Book
of Fashion, 3 vols. p. Svo. 53. Sketches of English Cha-
racter, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo ; 1S52, 12mo. 54. Suow-Storm ;
a Christmas Story, 1845, '50, '54; 12mo. 55. Soldier of
Lyons, 1841, '49, 12mo. 56. Stokeshill Place; or. The
Man of Business, 1837, 3 vols. p. Svo. 57. Story of a
Royal Favourite, 1S46, 3 vols. p. Svo. 58. Temptation
and Atonement, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 59. The Lover and
the Husband, (a free trans, of M. Bertrand's Gerfault;J
The Woman of a Certain Age, Ac, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo.
60. The Peeress. 61. Theresa Marchmont; or, the Maid
of Honour, about 1S23. ISmo. 62. Tuileries, 3 vols. p.
Svo. 63. Two Broken Hearts; a Poem, Svo. 64. Womau
of Business. 65. Woman of the World, 183S, 3 vols. p. Svo.
This list might be lengthened by [he addition of The Maid
of Croissy, The Sledge-Driver, — dramas from the French,
— The School for Coquettes, a Comedy ; Life's Lesson, 1856 ;
The Two Aristocracies, 1857, and a number of works pub.
without the author's name. Mrs. Goro is said to have in
preparation for tho press. Memoirs of the Present Cen-
tury, Social, Literary, and Political, (1858.)
'The success of this popular novelist in her sketches of
the prevailing tone of fashionable society is admitted by
the ablest critics :
"The more respectable of Mrs. Gore's personages are affecters
of an excessive prudery concerning the decencies of life, — njiy,
occasionally of an exalted aud mystical religious feeling. What-
ever, therefore, they do, is a fair and absolute measure of the pri>-
vailing opinions of the class, aud may l)e regarded as not deroga-
tory to their position in the eyes of their equals. But the low
aver.age standard of morality thus depicted, with its conventional
distinctions, cannot be invented. It forms the atmosphere in
which the parties live; and were it a fictitious compound, fabri-
cated at the author's pleasure, the beiugs who breathe it could not
but be universally acknowledged as fantastical, and as mere
monstrosities; they would, indeed, be incapable of acting in
harmony and consistence with the known laws and usages of
civil life. If the situations and dialogues of Mrs. Gore's novels be
compared with these usages and laws, and with any of the records
of the actual sayings and doings of high life, — such as a series of
parliamentary reports, county meetings, race-course transactions,
Ac, they will be found, with a reasonable allowance for artistic
colouring, to reflect accurately enough the notions current among
the upper classes respecting religion, politics, domestic morals,
the social affections, and that coarse aggregate of dealing with our
neighbours which is embraced by the term common houesty,
"It is this average morality of the aristocratic classes that
chiefly concerns society at large. The specific overt acts of high
life are as much out of the reach of imitation by inferiors as its
deportment and carriage."— ion. AUiaiaum, 1839, 8S8, 889. Head
the whole of this p.apBr.
GOB
GOR
" Many of Mrs. Gore's novels are works in which the present
state of society and manners is more or less clearly impressed:
they are ptcturesof the time, and no more." — Allan Cunninguam:
Bioff. and Ci-it. Hist, of the Lit. of the Laat Fifty I'mrs.
"Among the novelists of the day, Mrs. Gore is entitled to a
high place." — Edin. I!ev.
'• Mrs. Gore's style is always animated, lipht, and playful. Tt
is sustained by origiaality of thought, and sparkles with satirical
allusions."
"All the productions of Mrs. Gore afford evidence of great apti-
tude, cleverness, and talent." — Lon. Lit. GmtJte.
*' Mrs, Gore is certainly foremost among the female novelists of
the day, for wit, acuteness of observation, for originality of re-
mark, and generally for her graphic powers." — Lon. Observer.
'■ The novel of conventional and artificial lify belongs to no one
so much as to Mrs. Gore. Who does not know the ring of her
regular sentences? — the dialogue which chimes in exactly the
same measure, whether the speakers speak in a club, or in the
dowager-duchess's sombre and pious boudoir?"
The critic proceeds to notice the sameness of this lady's
scenes and characters in her different works, and then
continues :
" Nevertheless. Mr?. Gore's novels have a host of readers, and
Mrs. Giires readers are interested. People will be interested, we
Buspei.'t, till the end of the world, in the old. old story how Edwin
and Angelina fell in love with each other; how they were sepa-
rated, pciseruted, and tempted: and how their virtue and con-
stancy triumphed over all their misfortunes. And there is much
vivaiity and liveliness, and a good deal of shrewd observation, in
these books. They are amusing, pleasant beguilers of a stray
hour; and, after ail our grand pretensions, how valuable a pro-
perty is this in the geuns novel, which proclaims itself an ephe-
meron in its very name!" — Modern Novelists, Great a7ui Small:
Blackwood" s M'ff., May, 1855.
Gore, Charles, A work on ships, Lon., 1790. 4to.
Gore, Christopher, 175S-1S27; Governor of Mas-
sachusetts, 1809; U. States Senator, 1SI4-17; pub. a
Masonic Oration, 1783. See Amer. Ann. Reg., 1S26-27,
p. 339-341. Gov. Gore left to Harvard College a bequest
amounting to nearly one hundred thousand dollars.
Gore, Henry. Elements of S. Geometry, 1733, 8vo.
Gore, John. Serm., Phil. iv. II, Lou., 1634. 4to.
Gore, Montagu. Some Remarks on the Foreign
Relations of England nt the present Crisis, Lon., 1838,
8vo. Reviewed by Lrjrd Brougham in the Edin. Rev.,
Ixviii. 495-537 ; and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev.,
vol. ii. 132-184, 1856.
Gore, R. T., of the Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, London.
Trans, of J. F. Blumenbach's Elements of Natural His-
tory. From the 10th German ed. New ed., Lon., 1826, Svo.
'• It is, indeed, remarkable for its clear arrangement, and for the
immense quantity of interesting and valuable information it con-
tains, condensed into a small compass. It is altogether the best
Klementary Book on Natural History, in any language." — Law-
rence's Lectures.
A trans, of Blumenbach's System of Comparative Ana-
tomy, with addits. by W. Lawrence, was pub. in 1807, 8vo.
Gore, Thomas, 1G31-1684. a heraldic writer, a na-
tive of Aldertou, Wiltshire, was educated at Magdalen Coll.,
Oxf., and was subsequently for a short time an iumato
of Lincoln's Inn. 1. A Table showing how to Blazon a
Coat ten several ways, lft55 ; a single folio sheet, copied
from Sir John Feme, q. v. 2. Nomenclator Geographicus,
&c., Oxon., 1667, 8vo. 3. Series Alphabetica, Latino-
Anglica, Nomina Gentilitiorum, sive Cognominum plumi-
rarum Familiarum, quje multos per Annos in Anglia
tioruere, Ac, 1667, 8vo. 4. Catalogus in certa Capita, sen
Classes, alpbabetico ordine concinnatus, plerorumque
omnium Authorum (tarn antiquorum quam recentiorum)
qui de re Heraldica, Latine, Gallice. Ital.. Hispan., Germ.,
Anglice, scripserunt: &c., lt;68, 4to. With enlargements,
1674, 4to. In this lafalogue raisonnee — for such it is — we
have simply the names of the authors, and brief titles of
their productions.
" This work displaved much tjilent, and the hooks were classed
in a scientific method; but the Ust w.is confined entirely to an
enumeration of the names of authors, and brief titles of their
works. The tract has become so exceedingly scarce, that it is now
to be found in very few libraries, and its purchase is only to be
obtained at a price considerably above its intrinsic value."' —
Mould's Bill. Heraldica, (Pre/.) q. v.
5. Loyalty Displayed and Falsehood Unmasked, Lon.,
16SI, 4to. See Athen.Oxon. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixii.
Goree, Father. A New Island; Phil. Trans., 1711.
Gorges, Sir Arthnr. Transcript, &c. rel. to an
office called the Public Register fur General Commerce,
Lon., 1611. '12, 4to.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, d. 1647, Proprietor of
the Province of Maine, was the Governor of Plymouth,
and an early member of the Plymouth Company in Eng-
land. He expended £20,000 in his American enterprises.
A narrative of his proceedings relative to the settlement
of New England will be found in his grandson Ferdinando
Gorges's America Painted to the Life. See Belknap's
Biog. of Gorges ; Bancroft's Hist, of America.
Gorges, Ferdinando, grandson of the preceding
and inheritor of his interests in New England, pub. a de-
scription of New England, entitled America Painted to
the Life, Lon., 1059, 4to ; pub. at £1 1«. It is seldom
found complete: see collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence is annexed to some
copies, and the History of the Spaniards' Proceedings, Ac,
is sometimes found separate.
Gorham, George Cornelius, Vicar of Brampford-
Speke, Devon. 1. Public Worship, Lon., 1809. 2. Pro-
ceedings rel. to 2d Anniv. Camb. Bible Society, 1814.
3. Hist, and Antiq. of Eynesbury and St. Neot's in Hun-
tingdonshire, and of St. Neot's in County of Cornwall,
Lon., 1820, 8vo. 3. A Statement submitted to the Mem-
bers of the Brit, and For. Bible Soc. on the impropriety
of circulating the Apocryphal Books indiscriminately inter-
mingled with the inspired writings, 1825, 8vo.
"Deserving of a place in the student's library, on account of the
various and interesting information which it contains relative to
the literary History of the Apocrypha. The second edition is the
best."— //i^rnf's Bill. Bib.
It elicited two Letters from L. Von Ess, D.D., which
were pub., with Mr. Gorham's Reply, 1826, 8vo. See
Home, nfii supra. But the name of Gorham is suggestive
of another controversy — with the Bishop of Exeter and
his advocates, on the efficacy of Infant Baptism — which
has excited great interest both at home and abroad.
Respecting this matter, we refer the reader to the Exa-
mination of Mr. Gorham before the Bishop of Exeter,
1848, 8vo; The Gorham Case Complete, 5th ed., 1850,
12mo; The Gorham Case, by E. F. Moore, 1852, r. 18mo ;
The Judicial Com. of the Privy Council, and petition fur
a Church Triliunal in lieu of it, 1850, Svo; and an elabo-
rate review of The Gorham Controversy in Edin. Rev.,
xcii. 263-292.
Gorham, John, M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1829.
aged 46, adjunct Prof, of Chemistry and Materia Mediea
at Cambridge, 1809 ; of Chemistry and Mineralogy, 1816.
1. Inaug. Address, 1817. 2. Elements of Chemical Science,
1819, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Con. on Sugar to Thom. Ann. Pbilos.,
1817.
Gorham, VVm. Dividing the Land of Israel, Ac, Lon.,
1688. This is by some supposed to be the production of
Thos. Rannew.
Goring, C Thoughts on Revelations, «fec., Lon.,
1807, 8vo.
"Shewing the unity of the prophecies of Daniel and Esdras with
the Apocalypse: and their clear explanation of the events which
are now acting in Christendom."- — Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Goring, Col. His Declaration rel. to the late Con-
spiracy, Ac, 1641, 4to.
Gorrie, Rev. P. Douglass, b. 1813, at Glasgow,
Scotland, emigrated to the II. States, 1820. 1. Essay on
Episcopal Succession. 2. Lives of Eminent Methodist
Ministers in Europe and America, pp. 400. 3. Black
River Conference Memorial, pp. 350. 4. The Churches
and Sects in the U. States, N. York. 1850, 12mo. 5. Epis-
copal Methodism as it was and is. Auburn, 1852, 12mo.
Gorton, John. 1. 500 Ques. on Goldsmith's Hist of
Eng., Lon., 1815, 18mo. 2. Populat. Returns of G. Brit.
for 1831, Svo. 3. A General Biographical Dictionary,
1828-30, 2 vols. 8vo. Pub. in numbers. Enlarged, 1833,
3 vols. 8vo; 1841, 3 vols. Svo. New ed., with a Supp. to
1850, edited by Cyrus Redding, 1851, 4 vols. Svo.
Notices of first ed. :
"This Dictionary is peculiarly valuable as a work of reference
for the general reader, on account of information respecting pro-
minent characters that have tit^ured on the stage of lifn Iwing more
its object than an alphabetical list of individuals of various note
and merit: and upon this ground particularly it lias a claim to
distinguished notice. Impartiality is another recommendation;
and. as far as we have observed, this spirit is very creditably main-
tained throughout." — Lon. New M<mtli. Mag.
"Mr. Gorton's publication is altogether one of great excellence,
calculated to be useful to a large number of students, and deserv-
ing extensive popularity. We may also mention that it is suffi-
ciently large to contain every thing necessary, but not too exten-
sive for the ordinary purposes of study ; filling, in this respect, an
open space in the fields of biographical lit«rature." — Lon. Athe-
4. A New Topographical Dictionary of G. Brit, and Ire-
land, with maps by Sidney Hall, 1830-33, 3 vols. Svo and
1 vol. 4to. Pub, in numbers. See Lon. Month. Rev.,
June, 1S30, 305.
Gorton, Samuel, d. 1677. at an advanced age, a
native of Gorton, England, emigrated to New England in
1636. and excited great opposition by the theological
opinions which he preached. For particulars respecting
his career and writings, the reader is referred to his bio-
709
GOS
graphy, by John M. Mackie, in Spurks's Amer. Biog., 2d
series, v. 317-411. 1. Simplicitie's Defence against Seven-
Headed Policy, Lon., 1640, sm. 4to; 2(1 ed. 1647. It was
answered by Governor Edward AVinsluw, 1646. "Winslow
also pub. A Narrative of Disturbances made in New Eng-
land by Samuel Gorton and his accomplices, 1649, 4to.
Simplicitie's Defence was rcpub. in vol. ii. Trans. R.
Island Hist. Soc. 2. An Incorruptible Key, compuscd of
the ex. Psalme. &c., sm. 4to. 3. Saltniarsh returned from
the Dead, Ac, 1655, sm. 4to. 4. An Antidote against the
Common Plague of the AVorld, &c., 1657. 5. Certain
Copies of Letters, &c. He also left some works in manu-
script.
Gosdan, Bookbinder, St. Martin's Lane. Songs of
the Chase, Racing, &c.; 2d ed., 1813, 8vo.
Gosling, Mrs. Jane. 1. Moral Essays and Reflec-
tions, Sheflield, 17SU. Svo. 2. Ashdale Village; a Moral
Work of Fancy, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo.
'■The writtT appears to possess very just ideas concerning the
female chaiaoter. and. throu.;h the medium of her fictitious tale,
which is chiftly domestic, conveys useful hints to parents and
children on the iniportant subject of female education."— ion.
Month. Fev.. xv. 109.
Gosling, Robert. Trans, of Desault's Parisian Chi-
rurg. Jour., Lon., 1794, 2 vols. Svo.
Gosuell, Thomas K. Book-keeping, Lon., 1796, 4to.
Goswold, Paul. Serm., Oxon., 1644, 4to.
Goss, Prothesia S. 1. The Philanthrupist, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Spirit of .Sectarianism. 3. The Piedmonte.=;e
Envoy; or, The Men, Manners, and Religion of the Com-
monwealth, 1S44, 12mo.
"An agreealjl3*-written picture of the times of the Common-
wealth."— Lon. Sprdator.
Gosse, Philip Henry, b. ISIO, at Worcester, Eng-
land, was removed in infancy to Poole, in Dorsetshire.
He resided eight years in Newfoundland, three years in
Lower Canada, and one year in Alabama. 1. The Cana-
dian Naturalist, Lon., 1840, p. Svo; 44 illust.
'■ This work contains the observations of the author when wan-
dering, throughout the seasons of several years, in the woods aud
fields of Lower Canada." — Advertisement.
"An elegant volume, comprising much information, the result
of local knowledge." — Asiatic Journal.
"Replete with interesting observation and good feeling. The
wood-cuts are real ornaments to a text which could well afford to
stand without embellishment." — Colonial Maijazine.
''A more delightful and instructive book for readers of all ages
can scarcely be conceived." — United Service Gazette.
2. Birds of Jamaica, 1847, p. Svo. Illust. to do., imp. Svo.
"A very attractive and original volume, valuable to the natu*
ralist for its information, and acceptable to the general reader for
its lifelike descriptions of the habits of the birds and the land-
scapes in which they are found, as well as for incidental glimpses
of colonial manners and habits." — L<ytt. Spectator.
3. Nat. Hist, of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes,
1848-51, 4 vols. fp. 8vo. 4. Ocean Described. New ed.,
1849, 12mo. 5. British Ornithology; 70 col'd illust.,
1849, sq. New ed. 1853.
"This was a book much wanted, and will prove a boon of no
common value, containing, as it does, the names, descriptions, and
habits of all the British birds, handsomely got up."— Lon. Mirror.
6. Rivers of the Bible, illustrated, 1850. p. Svo; 2d ed.
1854. 7. Hist, of the Jews, 1S51, p. Svo. 8. A Naturalist's
Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. Svo. 9. Text-Book of Zoo-
logy for Schools. 1851. 12iuo. 10. Assyria. 1852, p. Svo.
11. A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast,
1853, p. Svo. 12. The Aquarium; an Unveiling of the
Wonders of the Deep, 1854. Svo.
"If it once gets a lodgment in drawing-room or srhool-room, we
may safely trust to every boy and girl of spirit that there will be
very little pe-ace iu that devoted household till it has made au
attempt at an k(\\iKniiin:'—Bluck wood's Mag., Aug. 1S66. See
13. A Hand-Book of the Marine Aquarium, 1855, 12mo.
14. Manual of Marine Zoology, 1855-56. 15. Tenby; a
Sea-Side Holiday, 185(i. 16. 'introduc. to Zoology, 1856.
2 vols. 17. Omphalos : an Attempt to Untie the Geological
Knot, 1857. 18. Hist, of Brit. Sea-Anemones, &c., 1858, Svo.
Gosson, Stephen, 1554-1623, a divine and poet, a
native of Kent, educated at Christ Church. Oxf., became
Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate Street, London, which
post he retained until his death. It is much to his credit
that he was distinguished for his opposition to the dra-
matic entertainments of the day. 1. The Schoole of Abuse,
conteining a plesaunt invective against Poetes, Pipers,
Players, Jesters, and such like Caterpillars of a Common-
wealth. Lon., 1579, 16mo; 1586, '87. 4to. One of the
earliest treatises against the stage. Reprinted in vol. iii.
of the Somers Collection of Tracts, 2. The Ephemcrides
of Phialo, deuided into three books, 1679, 16aio; 15S5 or
1586, 16mo. 3. Plays confuted in fine Actions, prouing
that they are not to be suffred in a Christian Common-
woale, 1580, Svo. 4. The Trumpet of Warre; a Serm.
710
GOU
on 2 Chron. xx. 20, 1598, Svo. Gosson also wrote, be-
sides minor poetical pieces, the three following dramas,
which were not printed: 5. Catiline's Conspiracies. 6.
The Comedie of Captain Mario. 7. Praise at Parting; —
Morality.
'■ He was noted for his admirable penning of pastorals, being so
excellent therein that he was ranked (by Meres in his Wit's Trea-
surie, 159S) with ?ir Ph. Sidney, Tho. Chaloner. Edm. Spencer,
Abrah. Frauncc.and Rich. Bernfield, noted poets of their time."—
Athm. Oxmi.
Gostelo, Walter. 1. Letter to the Lord Protector,
Lon., 1654, fol. 2. Charles Stewart and Oliver Cromwell
united, 1656, 8vo. 3. The Coming of God in Mercy, in
Vengeance; beginning with Fire, to convert or consume,
at this so sinful City London : oh ! London, London,
1658, Svo.
'■ The medical term halluduation , as defined by Dr. Ferrarin his
scientitic and rational Theory of Apparitions, may be well applied
to describe the state of the author's mind when he wrote this
siuL'ular hooW:'—ReHituta. iii. 100-120, where see copious extracts.
Gostliu^:, \Vm., 1705-1777, Vicar of Stone, in the
Island of Oxney, and minor canon of the cathedral of
Canterbury. 1. A Walk in and about the City of Canter-
bury, Lon., 1774, Svo. Enlarged, Canterb., 1777, Svo.
2. On a Fire Ball, kc, Phil. Trans., 1741.
Gostwyke, Roger. Trans, of Polanua's treat, on
Predestination, Camb., 1599, Svo.
Gostwyke, Wm. Serms., 1685, '92, '96, all 4to.
Goswell, John. Discourses, 1716, Svo.
Go^ynhyll, Edward. The Prayse of all Women,
called Muleru Pean. Very fruytfuU and delectable vnto
all tho redcrs.
" Loke and rede who that can,
This booke is prayse to eche woman."
Lon., sine anno, (1544?) 4to, pp. 40. Black-letter.
Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 917, £31 IDs; resold at
Saunders's, iu 1818, £22 Is. Ilibbert. 3482, £11 lU.
The poet was not ashamed of bis performance, for he
concludes with —
" Yf question be moved who is thyne authour,
Be not addrad to utt«r his name.
Say EuwARDE Gosvnhyll toke the labour," Ac.
Gotch, F, W. On the word BAnTlZSt, Ac, Lon.,
Svo, s. n.
Gother, John^ d. 1704, a native of Southampton,
a member of the Church of England, became a Roman
Catbclic priest, resided chiefly in London, and wrote a
number of controversial works. His style is commended
by Dryden as a masterpiece. His principal work, A
Papist Misrepresented and Represented, 1666, 4to, which
was answered by Sherlock, Stillingflect, «fec., we have
already noticed, (see Challoneh, Richard, D.D.,) and
refer the reader to Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1087, 1088. His
Nubes Testium. lfiS6. 4to, also excited some controversy.
See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1089. A new ed. of his Sincere
Christian's Guide in the Choice of Religion was pub. in
1804, ISmo. A new ed. of his Lessons on the Feasts was
put forth by Huscnheth, 1S46, 2 vols, 12mo. A new ed.
of his Sinner's Complaint to God was pub. by Mr. Dol-
man, bookseller, London, 1839, 12mo. There have been
various eds. of separate treatises of Guther's; and a col-
lective ed. of his Spiritual Works, consisting of his Moral
and Devotional Writings, appeared in 1790, 16 vols. 12mo,
Newcastle. To his literary merits we have the following
testimony by an eminent authority:
"The leader of Gother's works will, perhaps, think with the
present writer, that no composition in the English language ap-
proaches nearer to the severe and nervous simplicity of the best
writings of the Dean of St. Patrick's."'— On. uiles Butler.
Gotselin, d. 109S, a Frenchman, a monk of the mo-
nastery of St. Berlin, was brought to England by Here-
man in 1058, and became a monk of Canterbury. His
principal work was a series of lives and miracles of Saints
more especially connected with Canterbury. For an ac-
count of Gotselin. his works, and edits, of them, we refer
the reader to Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
'•We find little original matter of any importance in Gotselin's
bio;jraphies. They consist chiefly of inflated versions of the
simpler style of the older writers; on which account Fabricius
compares him to thc-Gret-k hagiographer Simeon Metaphrastes." —
Wi-ight's Bing. Brit. L,t.
Gott- Samuel. An Essay of the True Happiness
of Man,' Lon., 1650, Svo.
Gouge, Thomas, 1605-1681, a native of Bow, justly
celebrated for his zc:il in good works, was the son of Wil-
liam Gouge, D.D. He was educated at Eton School and
King's Coll., Camb., of whk-h he became Fellow. In 1638
he was presented to St. Sepulchre's, and laboured there
zealously in the discbarge of his ministerial duties until
1662. when the Act of Uniformity silenced his preaching.
He now devoted himself to tho propagation of religion,
GO0
GOU
especially in TVales, where his schools soon numbered in
time between 300 and 400, all of which he visited at least
once every year. Ho had printed SOOO copies of the Bible
in Welsh, and had trans, into the same language The
Practice of Piety, The "Whole Duty of Man. The Church
Catechism, &c. lie used to say that he had "two livings
which he would not exchange for two of the greatest in
England." He referred to Wales and to Christ's Hospital,
London, where he instructed the children in the principles
of religion. But time — and surely i>ur space — would fail
to tell the tenth i)art of this good man's efforts for the
glory of God and the salvation of man. When at last
called, at the rijio age of seventy-seven, to rest from bis
labours, his death was regarded as a public loss. The
great Dr. TiUotson, who preached a most afl'ecting sermon
in honour of his memory, declared that,
"All things considered, there have not since the primitive times
of Cbristiauity been niaoy among the Pons of M»^n to whom that
glorious CharafttT of the Son of God might be better applied — that
he went about doing good. And Wales may as worthily boast of
this truly Apostolical Man as of their fanious St. David."
We have other testimonies to the same effect:
"But Mr. Gouge's most eminent distinction was his unwearied
diligence in doing good, in which be had a most singular sagacity
and prudence in contriving the moRt effectual means for it."' — Dr.
TuoMAS Birch: Life of Archlnshop TiUotson.
'*I never heard any one person, of whatever rank, sort, or sect
soever, speak one word to his dishonour, or name any fault that
they chargfd on his life and doctrine." — Kicuard Baxter: i\'a>Ta-
live of his own Life ajid Times.
"The excellent Gouge! . . . My honoured Gouge! ... It is
lamentable to see the ignorance and wickedness yet remaining
even in many parts of the British dominions in Wales, in the
Highlands, and in Ireland. Are the Gouges all dead?" — Cotton
Mather : Essai/s to do Good.
This excellent man pub. a biography of his father, pre-
fixed to the works of the latter, 16f>a. Several serms.,
1663, '73, '77. '79. The Principles of the Christian Re-
ligion Explained, 1679. The Young Man's Guide to
Heaven, Christian Directions, and A Word to Sinners and
a Word to Saints, 16S1. An accession serm. was pub.
after his death, 1717; and a collective ed. of his works,
with Dr. Tillotson's Puneral Serm., was pub, in 1706, Svo.
"Gouge's Works are, like their veneiable author, full of piety,
charity, humility, and moderation; in a word, full of practical
wisdom, accompanied with zea! for the glory of God and the salva-
tion of souls." — Willium.t's C. P.
Of The Surest and Safest Way of Thriving, viz., by
Charity to the Poor ; a Serm. on Matt. x. 41, 42, 167."i, 4to.
A new ed. was issued in 1S52, 18mo ; and another in the
present month. May. 1856, fp. Svo, with Prefatory Remarks
by Baxter, and Drs. Owen. Manton, Bates, and T. Binney,
and a Sketch of the Author's Life by the latter. The Young
Man's Guide to Heaven has also been republished. The
practice of this good man in the matter of "giving," ac-
corded with his precept: for when his annual income was
reduced to £loO, he gave away the £100 and lived ou the
£50.
Gouge, WiUiam, D.D.. 1575-1653, a native of Bow,
father of the preceding, was educated at Eton School and
King's Coll., Camb. ; Rector of St. Ann, Elackfriars, Lon-
don, 1608-53 ; one of the Assembly of Divines, 1643. He
was one of those who protested against the murder of
Charles I. 1. The World's Great Restoration, (written by
H. Finch.) Lon., 1621, 4to. 2. Explan. of the Lord's
Prayer. 1626, 4to. 3. Domestical Duties, 1626, fob 4. The
Whole Armour of God, 1G27, fol. 5. Works, in 4 parts,
1627, fol. 6. God's Three Arrows, 1631, 4to. 7. Com-
ment, ou Ps. cxvi., 1632, 4to. 8. Serm., 1642, 4to. 9. Serm.,
1646, 4to. 10. Comment, on the Hebrews, with Life of
Thomas Gouge, 1655, 2 vols. fol. This excellent work
contains the substance of nearly one thousand sermons
delivered on lectures on Wednesday for thirty years !
" A verv full, evangelical, and practical commentary." — Bicker-
stettii as.
'* Gouge was a learned and pious divine, and a good t«xtman:
he was counted (whilst he livedj the father of the London minis-
ters.'"— Leigh.
"For forty-five years he was the laborious, the exemplary, and
the much-loved minister of St. Anne's. Itlackfriars, where none
e%er thought or spoke ill of him but such as were inclined to
thinli or speak ill of religion itself." — Granger.
Gouge, William M., b. Nov. 10, 1796. at Phila-
delphia, was for many years engnged in the preparation
of the Documents in the Treasury Department of the U. S.
1. A Short History of Paper i\Ioney and Banking in the
U. S., including An Inquiry into the Principles of the
System, with considerations of its effects on Morals and
Happiness, Philada.. 1833, 12mo, pp. 396; 2d ed., Philad.,
1842. This work has attracted considerable attention
throughout Europe and America. A mutilated edition of
the tirst part waa republished in England by Wm. Cubbett,
under the title of '* The Cur.^e of Paper Money." An
abridgment of the work appeared in La Revue Univer-
selle, Brussels. See McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 2. An
Inquiry into the Expediency of dispensing with Bunk
Agency and with Bank Paper in the Fiscal Concerns of
the U. States, 1837, pp. 56. 3. History of the American
Banking System, 12mo, N. Y., 1.S35. 4. The Fiscal His-
tory of Texas, Svo, pp. 327, Philad., IS52. Mr. Gouge
has edited several journals, and has contributed for the
last thirty years many valuable articles on banks and
banking to vari<jus journals of the Union.
Gou^h, C J. Serm., Lon.. 1794. 4to.
Gough, J. The Strange Discovery; a Tragi-Comedy,
Lon., 164(1, 4to.
Gough, J. Discourse, &c., 1789, '91, both Svo.
Gough, John. 1. Godly Boko, Lon., 1561, 16mo.
2. Answer to Freeman, 1570, Svo.
Gough, John. Ecclesire Anglicanae Threnodia. In
qua perturbatissimus Regni et Ecclesise Status sub Ana-
baptistica Tyrannida lugetur, Londini, 1661, Svo.
Gough, John. Hist, of the Quakers, from their first
Rise to the present time ; compiled from authentic Records
and from the Writings of that People, Dubb, 1789-90,4
vols. Svo.
Gough, John. 1. Positions of Sonorous Bodies,
1807. 2. Con. to Nicholson's Jour., 1798-1S13. See Bibl.
Brit.
Gough, John B., a celebrated temperance lecturer,
b. 1817, at Sandgate, in Kent, England, removed to the
United States at the age of twelve years, has pub, his
Autobiography, Lon., 1846, '53, ISmo, and his Orations,
1854, ISmo. A Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W. Reid, was
pub. in 1854, sq.
Mr. Gough has accomplished an incalculable amount
of good by his advocacy of the only remedy for nine-tenths
of the crime and pauperism which afflict Great Britaia
and the United States. See B^KcnER, Lyman, D.D.
Gough, Richard, 1 735-1 S09, "The Camden of the
18th century,'' has been already noticed in our article ou
the illustrious antiquary just named; but a detailed ac-
count of Mr. Gough and his labours — principally from hia
own pen — will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec, vi. 262-
343; and see other vols, of that excellent work. He was
a native of London, educated at Bune't Coll., Camb. ; and,
being the inheritor of a large fortune, devoted his life to
the zealous prosecution of antiquarian research. Among
his principal works, in addition to his edit, of the Bri-
tannia, already particularly noticed by us, are, 1. Anecdotes
of British Trqiography, Lon., 1768, 4to. Enlarged, 1780, 2
vols. 4to. This last impression was corrected with a view
to a third ed., and presented to the author's friend, John
Nichols :
"Who will readily relinnuish his right if the respectable Cura-
tors of the Oxf jrd Press think proper to undertake a new Edition.'*
Nicholses Lit. Anec, Ti. 27 o.
Respecting this subject, see Preface, p. 2, to Mr. Up-
cott's Bibliographical Account of the Principal Works re-
lating to English Topography, Lon., 1818, 3 vols. Svo.
2. Sepulchral Monuments in Great Britain, applied to illus-
trate the History of Families, Manners, Habits, and Arts
at the dift'erent periods from the Norman Conquest to the
i7th ccnturj'. Vol. i., containing the first four centuries
from the Conquest, 1786, fol. Vol. ib, containing the 15th
century, 1796, fol. Introduction to vol. ii., 1799. Vol, ii.
consists of three Parts, and the whole work is generally
described as in 3 vols, fob, bound in 5. Many copies of
this work, particularly of the 3d vol., were destroyed by
fire, and the whole work is seldom found free from stains.
A perfect set is worth from £b5 to £62, according to bind-
ing and condition. See collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Mr. Gough had made extensive preparations for a new
edit., and the drawings, &c. collected with this design
form part of his bequest to the Bodleian Library. Its
appearance elicited enthusiastic commendations, of which
we quote some specimens:
'•I found here your most magnificent present of the Second
Volume of Sepulchral Monuments, the moFt splendid work I ever
saw. and which I congratulate myself on having lived long enough
to see. Indeed. I congratulate my country on its appearance
exactly at so illustrious a moment," &c. — Horace Walpole.
" This truly magnificent work would alone have been sufficient
to perpetuate his fame, and the credit of the Arts in England;
where few works nf superior splendour have before or since ap-
peared. The independent master of an ample fortune, he was in
all respects prt-eminently qualified for the labours of an Anti-
quary ; the pain of whose reseaiches can but rarely meet an ade-
quate remuneiation. This magnificent work niu.st long ago have
convinced the world that he possessed not only the most inde-
fatigable perseverance, but an ardour which no expense could
possibly deter." — Siidiols's Lit. Anec: ubi supra.
7U
GOD
A minor work (lf94, 4to)of Mr. Gough— but one of great
interest to the bibliographer — is the Account of the Bed-
ford Missal, presented by Henry VI. to tbe Duchess of
Bedford ; purchased by Mr. Edwards at the Duchess of
Portland's sale. Mr. Edwards gave for this splendid MS.,
in 1786, i213. lie was twice or thrice offered 500 guineas
for it. It was purchased at his sale in 1816, by the Mar-
quis of Blandford— the purchaser of the Valdarfer Boc-
caccio for £2240 !-— for £687 158. Mr. Gough pronounces
it the finest example of the art of that period (opening of
the 15th century) he had ever seen. Eefer to Gough's
Account, Dibdiu's Biljliographical Decameron, and Ed-
wards's Sale Catalogue, 1815. Mr. Gough's library, prints,
antiquities, Ac. were sold in 1810, and produced £406U
98. 6i/. The bibliographer must possess this catalogue,
and also the Catalogue of his Books relating to Topo-
graphy, Ac. bequeathed to the Bodleian Library, Oxf,
1814, 4to. The character of this eminent antiquary has
been' thus eloquently sketched by Dr. Dibdin :
" Whil.' tbe grcat.?r number of his associates might have been
emulous of distinguishing themselves in the gaieties of the table
or the rliace. it was the peculiar feeling and master pas.iiion of
young tiough's mind to be constantly loolting upon every arti-
ficial ol'ject without as food for meditation and record. Tlie
mouldering tuni't and the crumbling arch, the moss-covered
stone and the obliterated inscription, served to excite, in bis mind,
the most ardent sensations, and to kindle that fire of antiqtiarian
research, which afterwards never knew decay : which burnt with
undiminished lustre at the close of his existence, and which
prompted him, when in the full enjoyment of his bodily faculties,
to explore long-deserted castles and mansions, to tread long-
neglected by-wavs, and to snatch from impending oblivion many
a precious relicii. and many a venerable ancestry. He is the
Cahpen of modern times. lie spared no labour, no toil, no ex-
pence, t^ obtain the best information : and to give it publicity,
when obtjdued, in a manner the most liljeral and effective." —
A(C/(0?£'8 Ttijtf»ira})h. Alltiq. o/ G. Brit.
As an evidence of Gough's early love of letters, we may
cite his trans, from the French of the History of the Bible
(160 folio sheets) performed between the agos of 11 and 124
years ; and a trans, from the French of Claude Fleury's Cus-
tom of tbe Israelites, performed when in his sixteenth year.
Gough, Strickland. Serms., 1709, 'i:!, '14, all 8vo.
Goiii;h, iStricklaiid. Serms., <tc., 1733-75, all 8yo.
Gougll, Will. Londinum Triumphans ; or, an Hist.
Acct. of the grand Influence the Actions of the City of
Loudon have had upon the Affairs of the Nation for many
Ages past, Lon., 1082, 8vo.
Gougli, Wm. Discourses, 1695, 12mo.
Goughe, Alex. The Queen; or, the Excellency of
her Sex, Lon, 1653, 4to.
Goughe, Hugh. House of Ottomano, &a., Lon.,
8, o., 8vo.
Goulburn, Edward. 1. Tbe Blueviad; a Satirical
Poem, 18(15, 8vo. 2. The Pursuits of Fashion ; a Satirical
Poem, 1812. 3. Edward de Montfort ; a Nov., 1812, 3 vols.
Goulburn, Edward Meyiick, D.D., Master of
Rugby School. 1. Serm., 1 Sam. xix. 20, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
2. The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the same Body, as
taught in Holy Scripture ; Eight Serms. : Bampton Lec-
tures, 1850, Oxf, 1850, 8vo. 3. Devotional Forms, Lon.,
1851, 12mo. 4. Treat, on Grammar, 1852, 12mo. 5. Paro-
chial and other Serms., Oxf, 1853, 8vo.
Gould, Augustus Addison, M.D., b. April 23,
1805, at New Ipswich, N. Hampshire, received the degree
of Bachelor of Arts at Harvard, 1825, and of Doctor of
Medicine, 1S30. 1. Lamarck's Genera of Shells, with a
List of Species; translated from the French, Host., 1833,
12mo. 2. A Svstem of Natural History ; containing
Scientific and Popular Descriptions of Various Animals,
Ac, 1833, r. 8vo. Of this valuable work many editions
have been issued. 3. Report on the Invertebrata of Mas-
uachusetts, Camb., 1S41, 8vo. 4. Principles of Zoology,
by Louis Agassiz and Augustus A. Gould, Best., 1848,
l2mo; 2d ed., revised and enlarged, 1851. This work was
republished in Bohn's Scientific Library, Lon., 1851.
Trans, into German by Prof. Bronn; pub. at Stuttgard,
1851. , .
" The design of this work is to furnish an epitome of the leadmg
principles of the science of zoology as deduced from the present
state of knowledge, so illustrated as to be intelligible to the be-
ginning student. No similar treatise exists; and, indeed, some
of the topics have not been touched upon before, unless in a
ttrictly technical form and in scattered articles."— £i(iuc( from
the Preface.
" A work emanating from so high a source hardly requires com-
mendation to give it currency. The volume is prepared for the
itudent in zoological science; it is simple and elementary in its
style, full in its illustrations, compi-ehensive in its range, yet well
condensed, and brought into the narrow compass requisite for the
purpose intended." — Sil!hna7i^s Journal.
" This work places us in possession of information balf a century
in advance of all our elementary works on this subject. ... No
712
GOU
work of the s.ame dimensions has ever appeared in the Knglish
lan^u.-ce containing so much new and valuable information on
the'subjert of which it treats."— Paor. James Ii\tL, nf AUmnii.
■5. The Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United
States and the Adjacent Territories of North America;
described and illustrated by Amos Binney, 2 vols. 8vo;
text and 1 vol. plates, Boston, 1851-55. A Posthumous
work, edited .and completed by A. A. Gould. Dr. Gould
has prefixed to this splendid work a biographical Memoir
of its distinguished author. 6. M<dlusca and Shells; being
vol. xii. of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1852,
4to, with an atlas of plates, and f il. 7. History of New
Ipswich, N. Hampshire, from its First Grant in 1736 to
1852, by A. A. Gould and Frederic Kidder, Bost., 1852,
8vo. Dr. Gould has edited and contributed many valuable
articles to various scientific and medical journals.
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, Jr., b. Sept. 27, 1824,
in Boston ; grad. at Harvard Coll., 18-44, and at Gottingen,
1848; Associate Royal Astronomical Soc, 1854; appointed
Director of the Dudley Observatory, Albany, N.Y., 1856.
Dr. Gould established in 1849 tlio Astronomical Journal,
which he edits with great ability. It now (1858) makes
four large quarto vols. The Solar Pariillax, (U.S. Naval
Astron. Exp..) Washington, 1857, pp. 230, 4to. He has
contrib. to the U.S. Coast Survey Reports, 1852-57, Astro-
nomisehe Nachrichten, 1847-56, Amer. Jour, of Sci., Proc.
Amer. Assoc, for Adv. of Science, N. Amer. Rev., Chris-
tian Examiner, Now York Quarterly, Ac.
j\lr. Everett, in his Discourse on the Uses of Astronomy,
delivered at Albany on the 28th of August, 1856, on occa-
sion of the inauguration of the Dudley Observatory, notices
among tbe happy auspices under which the Observatory
commenced its history that it was
" committed to the immediate supervision of an aetronomer (Dr. B.
A. Gould, Jr.) to whose distinguished talent has been added the
advantage of a thorough scientific education in the most renowned
universities of Europe, and who, as the editor of the American
Astronomical Journal, has shown himself to be fully qualified for
the high trust."— p. 15. ,.,„,, ^
Gould, Edward S., b. 1S08, Litchfield, Conn., a
merchant of N. York, is a son of the late Judge James
Gould of Ccmnecticut, author of a celebrated Treatise on
the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions ; sec post. 1.
Travels in Egypt; translated from Dumas, 1S38. 2. Demo-
cracy in France ; trans, from Dumas, 1839. 3. Eugenie
Gr.audet; trans, from Balzac, 1841. 4. Father Goriut;
trans, from Balz.ac, 1842. 5. The Sleep-Rider ; a burlesque
tale, 1842. 6. Abridgment of Alison's Hist, of Europe,
1843. 7. The Very Age ; a Comedy, 1850. Also a con-
tributor to many literary and theological journals, and the
author of several translations from Victor Hugo and A.
Royer, in addition to those above noted.
Gould, Ilauuah Flagg, a native of Lancaster, Ver-
mont, removed in early life to Newburyport, Massachu-
setts, wliere she has since resided. In 1832 she pub. a
vol. of poems, which had originally appeared in the pe-
riodicals of the day. In 1835 a second, and in 1841 a
third, vol. were given to the world. The number of edits,
of these productions is tbe best proof of the extensive
popularity of the author. Encouraged by such success,
in 1846 she pub. a collection of her prose articles, under
the title of Gathered Leaves, or Miscellaneous Papers,
and in 1850 favoured the reading public with a volume
of New Poems. In the same year appeared The Diosma :
a perennial— a vol. of poems selected and original ;— and
The Y'outh's Coronal, a book of poems for little people.
She has since pub.— in 1853— The Mother's Dream, and
other poems. .
" In truth, the great power of her poetry is its moral application.
This hallows every object she looks upon, and ennobles every in-
cident she celebrates. She takes lowly and homely themes, but
she turns them to the light of heaven, and they are beautiful and
refined and elevated."— i/r.'- HaUCs H'omaii's Becord.
See also Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Gould, Judge James, 1770-1838, educated at 'Tale
CoUce, became widely known as Professor in tbe Law
School at Litchfield, Connecticut, In 1816 he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Superior Court and Supreme Court
of Errors in Connecticut. A memoir of this distinguished
ornament of the legal profession will bo found in G. II.
HoUister's Hist, of Connecticut, vol. ii. A Treatise on
the Princiides of Pleading in Civil Actions, 1832, Svo;
2d od., N.York, 1836, Svo; 3d ed., Burlington, 1849, Svo.
This work is compiled from the lectures delivered by
Judge Gould in the course of bis duties at Litchlield.
" We should be pleased to find Judge Gould's productinn in the
hands of every student, alongside of Mr. Stephen s. —Hojgmau s
Lea. Stu., xxxviii. 1. , .. ^ .
•■The work does not enter much into detail.s. but as a concise
and accurate collection and statement of the principles of I leading
it is not equalled by any similar production except Serjeant bts,
GOT!
phen's. GouM's Pleading is a lt';;al classic of the hi^best order,
;iod has placed its author among the very best le*;al writers of the
age." See Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,34'2; 8A.J.,74; 15,495; IL.R.,53.
Gould, John, an eminent naturalist, b. at Lyme, Dor-
setshire, England, Sept. 14, 1804, displayed in early life a
taste for those pursuits the successful prosecution of which
has eained him such merited distinction. 1. A Century of
Birds iVom the Himalaya Mountains, Lon., 1831-32, imp.
fol., £14 14s. 2. Birds of Europe, 1S32-37, 5 vols. imp.
ful., £76 8«. 6d. 3. Monograph of the Ramphastidae; or,
Family of Toucans, 1834, imp. fol., £7. 4. Icones Avium,
1837-38, Pty. 1 and 2, imp. fol., 35s. each. 5. Monograph
of the Trogonida;; or, Family of Trogons, 1838, imp. fol.,
£8. In 1838 Mr. Gould visited Australia with the laudable
design of studying the natural productions of that country.
As the result of this visit, we have the following splendid
work: 6. The Birds of Australia, 1842-51, 7 vols. imp. fol.,
£115. A Synopsis of this work has been pub., imp. Svo,
at 25«. each Pt. 7. Monograph of the Macropodida; ; or,
Family of Kangaroos, 1841—12, imp. fol., Pts. 1 and 2,
each £3 3s. 8. Monograph of the Odontophorinas ; or,
Partridges of America, 1844-46, imp. fol., £8 8s. 9. Mam-
mals of Australia, 1845, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., each £3 3«.
10. Trochilidec; or. Family of Humming Birds, 1850, Pt.
1, imp. f<jl., £3 3s. To Mr. Ciiuild's knowledge and taste
the public is indebted for the collection of Humming Birds
now exhibited in the Gardens of the Zoological Society,
Regent's Park, London. This collection should be e.\a-
mined. after an attentive perusal of W.C. L. Martin's General
History of the Trochilida"', with especial reference to the
Collection of J. Gould, F.R.S., Ac This volume ranges
with Jardine's Naturalist's Library, and completes the
Humming Birds in that series. V,'e should not omit to
give Mr. Gould credit for his labours in aiding to prepare
the department of ''Birds" in the Zoology of the Voyage
of H. M. S. Beagle. In this vol. will be found a notice of
their habits and ranges by Charles Darwin, q. v.
Gould, Johu W., 1814^1838, a native of Litchfield,
Conn., a hrutber of Edward S. Gould, and son of Judge
James Gould, contributed a number of articles to the New
York Mirror, and the Knickerbocker Magazine, in the
years 1834—35. These were collected after bis death and
privately printed by his brothers in 1839, Svo. The Tales
and Sketches of the vol. entitled Forecastle Yarns were
pub. by the New World Press in 1843, and a new ed. by
Stringer and Townsend, N. York, 1854. See Duyckincks'
Cyc. of Ainer. Lit.
Gould, Lucius D., b. 1814, in N. Jersey, America.
House-Ciirpenter's and Joiner's Assistant, N. York, 4to.
Gould, ,>I. T. The Stenographic Reporter ; a monthly
Journal. Wa>hington, 1S4I)-41, 2 vols. 8vo.
Gould, Xathauiel D., of Boston. Mass. 1. Com-
panion to the Psalmist. 2. Natii'ual Church Harmony.
3. Sabbath School Harmony. 4. Social Harmnny. 5. Sa-
cred Minstrel. 6. Beauties of Writing. 7. Writing Mas-
ter's Assistant, 8. Progressive Penmanship. 9. Hist, of
Church Music in America.
Gould, Robert, 1. Ludus Scacchia; a Satyr, with
other Pucms, Lon., 1675, 8vo. 2. Poems, chiefly consist-
ing of Satyrs and Satyrical Pieces, 1689, Svo. 3. The
Corruption of the Times by Money; a Satyr, 1693, fol.
Gould, W. T. Address Introduc. to" the 2d Course
of Lectures in the Law School at Augusta, Augusta,1835,8vo.
Gould, Wra. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to.
Gould, Wm. Con. on nat. philos., &c. to Phil. Trans.,
1684.
Gould, Wm. English Ants, Lon., 1747, 8vo.
Gould, Wm. Serm., 1774, 4to.
Gould, Wm. Trans of A Short Discourse of the
Sacrament, by Maurus Rabanus, Aberd.. 1624, 12mo.
Gould, Wm. M. Zephyrs from Italy and Sicily, N.
York, 1852. Ifimo. Highly commended.
Goulde, Wm. Sermk. 1672. '74, '76, '82. all 4to.
Gouldin^, Kev. F. K., of Kingston, Georgia. Ro-
bert and Haloid ; or, The Young Marooners on the Florida
Coast, Pbila., 1852, 18mo.
" I have read the Young Marooners in MS. with exceeding in-
terest, and think it oue of the most attractive books for the young
I hare ever seen. My group of children, to whom I read it, wirh
unanimous acclaim pronounced the bonk to be ttjual to Rahunon
Crusoe. A child's verdict cannot give bij^her praie.e." — Rev. John
S. C. Abbott.
"We do not hesitate to say that it is a remarkable little book;
and will undoubtedly become a great favourite with the young, as
it well deserves the confidence and favour of parents." — PliUa.
Biblical Jiepertory.
Gouldman, Francis. Lat. and Eng. Dict'y, Lon.,
1664, 4tM ; Camb., 1674, 4to. "With addits.'by Dr. Scatter-
g<>:>d, 1678, foL
GOW
Gouldsborough, John. See GoLDE.sBonoucH, Jons.
Goulston, Goulson, or Gulson, Theodore, M.D.,
d. 1632, a native of Northarniitonshirc, founder of the Lec-
tureship of Pathology which hears his name, was eilucated
at, and Fellow of, Alerton Coll., Oxf. He enjoyed an ex-
tensive practice in London, nnd wag distinguished as a
Latin and Greek scholar. 1. Vcr.«io Latina et Paraphrasis
in Aristotclis Rhetoricam, Lon., 1619, '23, 4to. 2. Aristo-
telis de Poetica Liber Latine conversus, et Analytica Me-
thodo illustratus, 1623, 4to. Cum Notis Sylburgi Heinsii,
Camb., 1696, Svo. 3. Versio Varia) Lectiones et Annota-
tinnea Critical in Opuscula varia Galeni, Lon., 1640, 4to.
Edited by his friend, the Rev. Thomas Gataker, of Ro-
therhithc.
Gourdon. Request to R. Catholics, Lon., 1687, 4to.
Gourdon, Sir llobert. Receipt to Cure Mad Dogs
or their bile; Phil. Trans.. 16S7.
Gourlay, John. Art of War, 1809, Svo.
Gourlay, Robert. 1. Reform, 1S09, Svo. 2. Lett,
to Earl of Kellie, 18U9, Svo. 3. Upper Canada, 1822, 3
vols. Svo.
Gourlay, Wm., M.D. I. Diseases of Jamaica, 1783-
1808, Lon.. 1811. Svu. 2. Con. to Med. Com., 1785, '91.
Gove, Rev. Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1650-54.
Goveanus, Thomas. 1. Ars Sciendi, Lon., 1682,
8vo. 2. Logica Elenatica, Dubl., 1683, 12mo.
Govett, K. Theoh.g. works, Lon.. 1841-53.
Govett, R., Jr. E.xpos. of Isaiah, Lon., 1841, Svo.
"Some valuabli? lemarks on the prophecies, but too little regard-
ing their past fulfilment." — Bickcr&Utlis C S.
Other theological works.
Gow, IVeil. 1. Reports N. P. Ct., C. P., and Oxf. Cir.,
M. T., 1^1^. to E. T., 1820. Lon., 1828, Svo. 2. Prac. Treat
on Law of Partnership, 3d ed., with addits., 1841, r. Svo.
2d Amer. ed., with Notes and ref. to Amer. Cases, Phila.,
and Append, to 1844, Pliila.. 1837-45, Svo. 3d Amer. ed.
"Mr.Iugraham has enriched this work by a series of It-arned
notes, in which the American cases are dilii^ently collected, and
the force and application of them ably considered." — Kp-?it's O/ni.
Gowar, F. R. Cbem. con. to Nic. Jour., 1811.
Gower. Patriotic Songster, <fee., Lon., 1793, 12mo.
GOAVer, Foote, M.D. 1. Sketch of the Materials for
anew Hist, of Che:^hire, Ac, Lon., 1771, 4to; 2d ed., Ches-
ter, 1772, 4to; 3d ed., by AVm. Latham, 1800, who pub. an
Address to the Public on the subject, as did also (1772, 4to)
Dr. Foote.
Gower, Humphrey, D.D., Master of St. John's Coll.,
Camb. 1. Two Funl. Serms., 16S5, 4to. 2. Serm., 1685.
Gower, John, 1325?-I402, the contemporary and
friend of Chaucer, is entitled to some share of the honours
which principally pertain to the latter as the Father of
English Poetry. The personal history of Gower — Sir
John Gower, so some. Judge Gower, so others — is involved
in great obscurity. All that can be considered settled is
that he was a student of law in the Inner Temple, learned
in his profession, a man of substance, and in high esteem
with his contemporaries, and lost his" sight about three
years before his death. Ilis monument, which retains "a
considerable portion of ancient magnificence," is atill to
be seen in St. Saviour's Church.
'■It is of the Gothic style, covered with three arches, the roof
within spriut;ing into many anj^les, under which lies the .statue
of the deceased, in a long purple pown; on his head a coronet of
roses, resting on three volumes entitled Vnx Cloma7iiis. t<j)iculitni
Jileditantis and Cimfessio Aviantis. His dress has iiiven rise to some
of those conjectures respecting his history which cannot now be
determined, as his being a kni;j;ht, a judge, etc."
His principal work consists of three parts, only the third
of which — finished in 1393 — has been printed: I. Specu-
lum Meditantis, or the Mirrour of Meditation; in French
rhymes, ten books: it treats of the nature of virtue and
vice ; conjugal fidelity ; the duty and mode of repentance.
11. Vox Clamantis, or the Voice of one crying in the Wil-
derness, contains in seven books of Latin elegiacs a metri-
cal chrrjniele of the insurrection of the Commons in the
reign of Richard the Second. III. The Coniessio Aman-
tis, or the Lover's Confession, is an English poem in eight
books, (said to contain 30,000 verses,) written by command
of Richard the Second, who, "meeting our puet Gower
rowing on the Thames near London, invited him into the
royal barge, and after much conversation requested him
to 'book some new thing.'"
"It is on the last of these pieces — the Confessio Amantis — that
Gower's character and reputation as a poet are almost entirely
founded. This poem, which bears no inmiediate reference to the
other two divisions, is a dialogue between a lover and his con-
fessor, who is a priest of Venus, and. like the mystagogue in the
Picture of Cebes, is called Genius. Here, as if it had been impos-
sible for a lover not to be a good Catholic, the ritual of religion is
applied to the tender passion, and Ovid's Art of Love is blended
with the breviary. In the course of the confession, every evil
713
GOW
GRA
affection of the human heart which may tend to impede the pro-
gress or counteract the success of love, is scientifically subdivided,
and its fatal effects exemplified fty a variety of apposite stories,
extracted from classics and chronicles. The poet often introduces
or recapitulates his matter in a few couplets of Latin long and
short verses. This was in imitation of Boethius."— Wurtun's Hist,
of Eiig. Pndry.
The reader must carefully jieruse Warton's elaborate
criticism on Gower's productions. For the biographical
detail of the little that is known, and that which is sur-
mised, respecting the author, he must refer to Dr. Camp-
bell's Life of Gower, in the Biog. Brit., from which we
shall quote Some ancient opinions respecting Gower's
merits as a poet. Even in the lighter strains of his muse
he sought to be the instructor of the dark age in which
his lot was cast. He is well entitled to the honourable
appellation, conferred upon him by the most illustrious
English poet of the times, of Moral Gower:
*' O moral Gower I this hoke I direete
To the, and to the philosophicall strode,
To vouchsafe there nede is for to correcte
Of your benignities and zelis gode."
Omdiision of Ti-oilus and Cn]Sside.
It is not perhaps altogether irrelevant to show that
Gower was not insensible to the merits of his fellow-poet
and literary disci)de. In the Uonfessio Amantis ho makes
Venus pay the following tribute to Chaucer :
" And grete wel Chaucer, when ye mete,
As my disciple and my po&te :
For in the flowers of his youth
In sundry wise, as he well couthe.
Of ditees'and of songes glade
The which he for my sake made," Ac.
Gower subsequently omitted these verses, and it is sup-
posed that the friendship which subsisted between these
eminent scholars and poets sufTered some interruption in
the latter jiart of their lives; but this presumption is not
beyond doubt, nor is it a theme upon which we care to
linger.
Berthelette, in dedicating Gower's Confessio Amantis to
K. Henry VIII., is enthusiastic in its conimendatioa :
"And who so ever in redvnge of this worke doth consider it well,
shall fynde that it is plenlifully stuffed and fournisbed with niani-
folde eloriueut reasons, sharpe and quicke argumentes, and ex-
amples of great aucthorilie, perswadynge unto vertue, not only
taken out of the |)oets, oratours. historic-writers, and philosophers,
but also out of the holy scripture. There is to my dome no man
but that he male by readinge of this worke get righte great know-
ledge, as well for the understandynge of many and divers auctours,
whose reasons, sayenges. and histories, are translated in to this
worke, as for the pleintie of English words and vulgars, beside the
furtherance of the life to vertue."
Putlteuham, treating of the parents of English poetry,
remarks :
"I will not reach above the time of King Edward the third and
Richard the second, for any that wrote in English metre; Iweause,
before their times, bv reason of the late Noi man Conquest, which
had brought into this re;ilin much alteration both of our langUirge
and lawes.and theiewithall a certain martial barbarousnes, where-
by the study of all good learning was so much decayed, as long
after no man, or very few, inteuded to write on any laudable sci-
ence; so as beyond that time there is little or notbiie.; w..rlli com-
mendation to be founde written in this arte. And those ot the
first age were Chaucer and Gower, lioth of them, as I suppose,
Knightes. After whom followed .lohn V.idgate, the Monke of
Bm-v. and that nameless, who wrote the Satyre called Tiers Plow-
man."— Art of En(fUsh Poane.
" In the Italian language the first that made it to aspiio to be a
Treasure-House of ^icieuce were the poets Dante, Boccace, and I'e-
trarch. So in our English were Gower and Chaucer, after whom,
encouraged and delighted with their excellent foregoing, others
have followed to beautifie our mother tongue, as well in the same
kind as other arts."— &r P/iilip Skliiei/'s Vifena of Poesie.
" Gower lieing very gracious with Iting Ilenrie the fourth, in his
time carried the name of the only poet; but his verses, to say
truth, weie pool- and plaine. yet full of good and grave mor.alitie,
but while he affected altogether the French phra.se and words,
made himself loo obscure to his re,ader, beside his invention
cunieth far short of the promise of his titles."— I'e.^cham : The
I imiplt'at Gnitlcman.
But Dr. Warton defends Gower and others, who share in
the censure, against those critics who blame these writers
for not adhering more closely to their own tongue :
" I close this section with an apology for Chaucer. Gower, and
Occleve. who are supposed, by the severer etymologists, to have
corrupted the purity of the English language by affecting to inti-o-
duce so manv foreign words and phrases. But if wo attend only
to the politics of the times, we shall find these poets, as also some
of their successors, much less blameable in this respect than the
crilics imagine."
Read this satisfactory vindication — Hist, of Eng. Poet.,
Section xx., and see Section xix. for an account of (Jower's
works still in MS.
Mr. Ilnllam's opinion of Gower's merits as a poet seems
to coincide very nearly with that of Peachani:
"A vast iutcrval must be made between Chaucer and any other
Eu'disb poet; yet Gower. his contemporary, though not, like him,
aiioet of nature's growth, had some effect in renderiui; the lau;
Jti
guage less rude and exciting a taste for verse; if he never rises,
he never sinks low; he is always sensible, polished, perspicuous,
and not prosaic in the worst sense of the word." — Lit. Hist, of
jLu-wpe.
Wc have referred to Warton's account of Gower's works
in manuscript. In the History of English Poetry will be
found copious extracts from the Cinquante Balades, or
Fifty French Sonnets, which compose the " most curious
and valuable part of Lord Gower's manuscript." In 1818,
4to, the entire contents of the MS., with the exception of
the poem " De Pacis Commendatione," was printed by
Lord Gower, subsequently Duke of Sutherland, for the
Members of the Roxburghe Club. .Sir M. M. .Sykes, 162S,
£5 5«. Boswcll, 3045, £5 5«. Dent, Pt. 2, 1206, £i 10«.
Of the Confessio Amantis, the Confessyon of the Loner,
the first ed. was printed by Caxton in 1493, (misprinted
1483,) fob:
" The lloxburgbe copy of this book produced the enormous sum
of 33t,?., purchased by the Duke of Devonshire. The Merly copy
was purchased lor 315^ bv the Duke of -Marlborough ; and, at the
sale of the Duke's books.'biought the sum of 2I16(. 16.1. The pur-
chaser was Mr. tieorge Watson T.aylor : at the sale of whose library
again in 18'J3. it was found to be imperfect, and sold for 57^ 15s."
— Dibdin's Lib. Cimp.
In Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., i. 177-185, will be
found a full account of the Caxtonian ed. of the Confessio
Amantis.
Thomas Berthelette printed a second ed. in 15.^2, fob,
and a third in 1654, fol. These have sold at prices rang-
ing from £2 to £S 1S«. 6(/. each, according to condition,
state of the bibliomania, ,tc. In addition to the author-
ities already cited, the reader must consult Todd's Illustra-
tions of Gower and Chancer, which has been noticed in
our life of Ch.aueer ; Ellis's .Specimens of Early Eng. Poet.;
Chalmers's British Poets ; Brydgcs's ed. of Phillips's Theat.
Poet. See an interesting anecdote respecting the Confessio
Amantis, K. Ch.arlos I., and the Marquess of Worcester, in
Mr.s. Thomson's Recollections of Literary Characters and
Celebrated Places, ii. 299-301. We may be excused for
devoting so much space to an author who is almost un-
known to the modern reader, when we have the high
authority of Dr. Warton to justify us in the assertion that
if Chaucer
"had not existed, the compositions of Gower would have been
Buthcient to rescue the r.-igns of Edward the Third and Kichard
the Second fruni the imputation of barbarism."
Gower, John. Serm., 1772, 4to.
Gower, Natliiiiiiel. Serm., 1709, 4to.
Gower, Kichard. Children's Diseases, Lon.,16S2,Svo.
Gower, Kicliaril Hall. 1. Seamanship, Lon., 1793,
'96, 1S08, 8vo. 2. Siipp. to do., 1807, '10, 8vo. 3. Con-
voys, 1811, 8vo. 4. Naval Architecture, ISll, 8vo.
Gower, Stanley. Serm., Lon., 1044, 4to.
Grace, Henry. His History of his Life and Suffer-
ings, Reading, Eng., 1764, Svo, pp. 56.
"Tile author's recital of the various hardships he underwent
affords that painful entertainment we usually find in historical
details of distress, especially when they have any thing of arfcc7i-
t((rt' in them, as is the case with the present artless but affecting
narrative." — Lull. Mntith. Iiei<.
Grace, Job. Serm., 2 Cor. xix. 6, 1710, 4to.
Grace, SheHieUl. 1. A Survey of Tullaroan, or
Grace's Parish, Duhl., 1819, Svo. 2. Memoirs of tho
Family of Grace, Lon., 1823, 8vo. Both privately printed.
For an account of these records of the Grace Family, and
a notice of the Grace Mausoleum, Dubl., 1819, 8vo, sea
Martin's Eibl. Cat. of Books Privately Printed.
Gracin, i>I. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730.
Grady, S. G. I. Regis, of A'oters Act, kc, Lon.,
1843, 12uio. 2. Law of Fixtures, 1846, 12nio. 3. In con-
junction with C. H. Scotland, Law and Practice, Crown
side, Ct. of il B.. 1844, 12ino.
Gra!m, l'. Montis, K. Pielas in Patrcm e vita de-
cedentem. Kiliii.. 1009. 4to.
Gneme, Jolin, 1748-1772, a native of Carnw.arth,
Lanarkshire, Scotland, ('(Uiiposcd a number of poems
which were collected and itnb. at Edin. in 1773, 8vo.
"There are few of them entitled to su|ierier praise, and certainly
none that can justify the length to which the detail of his life and
opinions has been extended." See Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Ander-
son's roets; I'arU's i'oets; Brit. Crit.. vol. vii.
Gripme, Wnt., M.D. 1. Knowl. in Physic, Lon.,
1729, 8vo. 2. Ilist<iria Morbi Tho. Herdman, 1730, Svo.
In English, by Isaac Massay, 1730, Svo.
Grafton, Augnstus Henry Fitzroy, Duko of,
1736-1 Sll, reprinted an ed. of Griesbach's Greek Test, at
his own expense. 1. Hints to tho Clergy, Nobility, and
Gentry. 2. .Apclcnlhcrus. This treats of theolog. subjects.
Grafton, II. IJ., C.apt. U. States Artillery. Treatise
on the Camp and March, &a., Bust., 1S54, 12mo.
GRA
GRA
Grafton, Mary. 1. Spiritual Gleanings, Lou., ISOS,
Svo. 2. Pleasures of Religion, iyi4, 8\'o.
Grafton, Richard, an English printer to Edward
VI., of the 16th century, is best known to posterity by
the Chvoiiielos which bear his name. Iq the time of
Henry VIII. he was imprisoned six weeks in the Fleet
for printing Matthew's Bible and the Great Bible without
notes ; and he was subeequently deprived of his patent for
printing the proclamation of Lady Jane tirey, Queone of
England, &c., 1563, fol. Ho pub. in 1562, 16mo, An
Abridgment of the Chronicles of England,
'■Reprinted the two succeedinR years, and in 1572. And as
Stowe had published his Summarie of the Englyshe Chronicles iu
1565, Grafton sent out as a rival, an abridsenient of his abridge-
ment, which he entitled 'A Manuell of the Chronicles of Eng-
land'; and Stowe, not to be behind with him. published in the
same year his 'Summarieof Chrnnicles Aliridged." This i-ivalship
was accompanied by harsh reflections on each other in their re-
spective preliices. In 1509 Grafton published his 'Chronicle at
large, and meere History of the Affayres of Knplande,' ["and
Kinges of the same,' 2 vols, folio,] some part of which seems to
have been unjustly censured by Buchanan."
See Ames and Herbert's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., and
Dibdin's edit, thereof, for an account of Grafton's publica-
tions. Grafton's Chronicle was repub., Lon., 1S09, 2 vols.
4to, with his Table of BailifFs, Sheriffs, and Mayors of
London, 1189-1558, corrections, and copious index. Yot
the edit, of 1569, 2 vols, fid., sometimes bound in one vol.,
is not to be had when perfect, save at a high price. The
collector must observe that the copy which he buys has
♦he original wood-engraved frontispiece, containing por-
ti'aits of the Kings of England, also a portrait of Q. Eliza-
beth, and the table or index to the second vol., consisting
of five leaves, on the last page of which is Grafton's
woodcut device — a Tun. Such a copy, well bound, will
hardly be sold at less than £10 to £12. As an authority,
Grafton does not occupy the first rank. Bishop Nicolson
speaks with but little respect of Hall's Chronicles, and
with still less of our author's :
'' A great borrower from this Hall was Richard Grafton, whn. ns
Buchanan lightly observes, was a very heedless and unskilful
writer; and yet he has the honour done him to >ie snmetimes
quoted by Stowe and others." — Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1777, p. 58.
But it is not to be forgotten on Grafton's behalf that
he assures us that he himself wrote the completion of
Hall's continuation of his Chronicle ; and if Bishop
Nicolson alludes to the continuation, he seems to do Graf-
ton injustice. In 1543, 4to, Grafton pub. Harding's
Chronicle, with a continuation of his own, in prose, to the
thirty-fourth year of Henry VIII.
Graglia, C. 1. Itiilian Exercises, Lon., 12mo. 2.
Grammar, 12mo. 3. Letters, 12mo. 4. Ital. and Eng.
Dictionary, new ed., 1851, 18mo.
Graglia, G. A. 1. Dictionary of Ital. and Eng., Lon..
17S6, sm. 4to; 1795, 12mo; 1815, 12mo, 2. Guide to
Italian, 1803, 12mo.
Graham. See Gr.eme.
Graham. Wallace; a Tragedy, Edin., 1799, Svo.
Only six coi)ies printed.
Graham, Dr. Con. to Med. Com., 17S7.
Graham, Catherine. See Macaulav.
Graham, David, Jr., of the New York Bar. 1.
Cts. of Law and Equity in N. York, N. York, 1S39. Svo.
2. New Trials, 1834, Svo. New ed.. greatly enlarged, by
D. Graham, Jr., and Thos. W. Waterman, 1856, 3 vols.
Svo. 3. Prac. of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, 2d ed., 1836,
Svo ; 3d. cd., v<d. i., 1847, 8vo. Vol. ii. in preparation.
Graham, Dougal. Hist, of the Rebellion in Brit,
in 1745-40; 5th ed., Glasg., 17S7, 12mo ; 9th ed., Fal-
kirk, 1812, Svo.
Graham, George, 1675-1751, an astronomical in-
strument maker, a native of Cumlierland, contributed
astri>n'un. and other papers to Phil. Trans., 1721-48.
Graham, George. IVlemachus ; a Mask, Lon.,
1762, 4to.
Graham, George Farquhav. 1. Essay on Musical
Composition, Edin., 1838, 4to. 2. Art of English Composi-
tion. 1840. 12mo; 4th ed., 1858. 3. First Steps to Latin
Writing; 2d ed.. 1844, 12mo. 4. Chart of English Sove-
reigns, 1843, Svo. 5. Helps to English Grammar, 1843,
12mo. 6. English Synonymcs, 1846, 12mo; edited by
Henry Reed, LL.D., N. York, 1847, 12mo ; 3d Lou. ed.,
1S58. 7. English Spelling-Book, 1847, 12mo. 8. Studies
from the English Poets, 1852, 12nio ; 2d ed., 1858. 9.
Songs of Scotland, 1856, r. Svo. 10. English Style, 1S57,
12mo. Also articles Music, Organ, &c. in Encyc. Brit.,
8th ed.. 1853-60.
Graham, Isabella, 1742-1814, a native of Lanark,
Scotland, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Marshall, in
1789 .selected N<-;w York as a permanent residence, and
lived iu that city until her death. She was devoted to
good works; and several useful institutions of the city are
her best monuments. Her grandson, tlie Rev. George W.
Bethuno, D.D., of Brooklyn, New York, inherits both her
liternry talents and moral virtues. Dr. Mason pub. Me-
moirs of Mrs. Graham ; and of her Life and Writings,
(first pub. 1816, Svo) more than 50,000 copies have been
sold in America, and many in England and Scotland.
New ed., L'>n., 1838, Svo. Letters and Correspondence,
selected by her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, N. York, 1838,
Svo. Edited by the Rev. J. Marshall, Lon., 1839, Svo.
Memoir of, N. York, 12mo: also by the Anier. Tract Soc.
Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose, 1612-1650,
one of the most illustrious characters of modern history,
murdered in the most brutal manner by his political ene-
mies, was the author of a number of poems, &c. See
Watson's Collection; Pinkerton's Scottish Ballads: Rit-
son's Scottish Songs. It is rather doubtful what pieces
may be certainly ascribed to him ; but
''To the Ver.ses on Charles the First he has an unquestionabla
right; and they are conceived with tho vigour and dignity of a
Bol*i\ev."—Umd!^tj's Select Bc'mh>s of Anc. Eng. Poet.
" lie was not without vanity, but bis virtues were much
superior, and he well deserved to have his memory preserved and
celebmted among the most illustrious persons of the age in which
he lived.''— Loan CtARENDON.
See Lloyd's Memoirs ; Do Rebus prjeclare ab eo gestis,
1647, Svo ; Park's Walpolo's R. and N. Authors, and
authorities there cited.
Graham, James. Con. to Med. Obs. and Tnq., 1755.
Graham, James, M.D. Med. works, 1779-90.
Graham, James. Population, 1816, Svo.
Graham, James, of New Orleans, has now (1856)
in preparation, jnomised in the present year. The Life of
Col. Daniel Morgan, of the Continental Army, from hia
unpub. letters and papers. Mr. G. is a grandson of Col.
Morgan. No life of the hero of Cowpens has yet ap-
peared, and the only biographical sketch which lias been
published is not thought by Mr. Graham to do justice to
its subject.
Graham, Rt. Hon. Sir James Robert George,
h. June, 1702, has occupied many important positions
under the British Government. Coin and Currency: an
Address to the Land-owners, Lon., 1827, Svo.
"An exceedingly well-written, able pamphlet."^J/cC^Hoc7i'*
Lit. of PoUt. Ecoii., q. V.
Graham, Johu, 1694-1773, minister in Woodbury,
Connect. 1. Ballad against the Ch. of Eng. in Connec.»
1732. 2. Tract on the same subject. 3. Rejoinder to
Johnson's Answer. See Chandler's Life of Saml. John-
son, D.D.
Graham, John. Serms., Ac, 1800, '06, '10.
Graham, Johu. Serms., 1835, ''6^.
Graham, Rev. John. 1. Hist, of Ireland, 1689-91,
Lon., 1839, I2mo. 2. Siege of Londonderry; new ed.,
1841, 12mo.
Graham, John A., LL.D. Sketch of Vermont, Lon.,
1797, Svo. Sec Rii-h"s BiM. Amcr. Nova.
Graham, John Lorimer, born in Vermont, pub.
Letters from Vermont, Junius Identified, A-c.
Graham, lYIaria. See Calloott,Lady Maria ; Lon.
Gent. Mag.. Jan. 1843, 98-99.
Graham, Mary Jane, 1S03-1830, a native of Lon-
don, removed a few years before her death to Stoke-
Floming, where she died. She trans, the Vicar of AVake-
field into French, Latin, and Sjianish, and commenced an
Itiilian version. None of these tran.^Iations were pub.
She was also acquainted witii Greek, and skilled in ma-
thematics ; up()n this S(nence she left an original MS.
Some of her adtlresses and questions written for the chil-
dren of her parish, jind other remains, have been pub. She
is best known by The Test of Truth, the 7th ed. of which
appeared in 1852, sq.
An interesting Memoir of Miss Graham was pub. by
the Rev. Charles Bridges, Vicar of Old Newton, Sulfolk,
1st ed., 1832 ; 2d ed., 1833. New ed., 1853, fp. Svo.
"The writer is irlad to find that the lai-^'e extent nf {[Ufitafinn
[from the Test of Truth] with which he has indulged hiuiself has
in some means been etfectual to inti-oduce Miss Graham's work
from the comparative obscuiity of an anonymous publication into
that more general acceptance which in his own. and. he presumes
he may add. in his reader'.s judgment it well deserves." — Kev.
Charles Bkiiioes: Mi-moir of M. J. Graham.
Graham, Patrick, D.D. 1. Scenery of Perthshire,
Edin.. 1S06, "10, '12, 12mo. 2. Authenticity of Ossian,
1807. Svo; Lon.. 1810, Svo.
Graham, Rich. Latitude; Phil. Trans., 1734.
Graham, Robert, Lett, to Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1788, Svo.
715
GRA
Graham, Robert, JI.D. 1. Fever, Glasg, ISIS, Svo.
> Obstriictod Aurtii; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 18U.
Graham, Robert Hay, M.D. Water Cure as prac-
ised at Graefenberg, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
" During the two months Dr. Graham pas.wd at or near Graefen-
l.erff he had ample opportunitiesof investigating the nature of the
treatment pursued bv Preissnitz. the class of persons who ™nsti-
lute his patients, and the results whi. h are olitained; and of these
opportunities he availed himself to the utmost. His book is cer-
tidnlv the most seientiflc and most impartial, and yet the mrat
merciless, r:rpos( of the Graefenberg fiaud, that we have met with ;
the most complete history that has appealed, not only of hydro-
pathy as piactised by the followers of I'reissnltz, but as practised
bv Flover. Baynard, Currie, &c"—Lon. Lanctt.
Graham, Thomas, D.C.L., b. 1805, at Glasgow;
Master of the Mint; Prof, of Chemistry in University Coll.,
London. 1. Elements of Botany. Lon., Ih42, 12mo. I.
For Schools, 1S48, p. Svo.
3. Elements of Chemistry,
1848, Svo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Addits. by Robert
Bridges, M.D., Phila., 1852, Svo ; new ed., Pt, 1, Lon., lS5b :
Pt ■> 1858 8vo,— forming 2 vols. A work of great value.
Graham, Thomas J. 1. The Cold-Water System;
an Essay e.thibiting the merits and most safe and effectual
cmployliient of this excellent System in Debility, Indi-
gestion, Ac, 2d ed., Lon., 1843, Svo. 2. Modern Domestic
Medicine, 11th ed., 1853, Svo. , „ ^ . ^ ,
" We shall preserve it as the advice of an invaluable friend, to
which we can refer in the hour cf ne«d. without any doubt of be-
ing benefited by its wisdom."— io?!. LUcrary CUionule.
Other medical, &c. works.
Graham, Rev. W. The Jordan and the Rhine ; or,
the East and the West, Lon., 1854, Svo.
" ParUcularly rich in notes of modern Eastern habits, customs,
and peculiarities, as illustrative of Scripture; and in re:-'ard to
these communicating a mass of information often of a singularly
curious and suggestive kind."— ion. -tdi'Prfiso-. _
Graham, Walter, M.D. Water in Cjstisis adhering
to the Periluna?uin; Phil. Tr-ana., 1741.
Graham, >Vm. Semis., Ac, 1759, 71, 72, Lon., all Svo.
Graham, VVm., Rector of Stapleton. The Eclogues
of Virgil, trans, into English Verse. Lon., 1786, Svo.
Graham, Rev. Wm., of Newcastle. 1. Review of
Eccles. Establish, in Europe, Glasg., 1792; Lon., 1S12,
Svo. 2. Missionary Societies, 1797, Svo.
Grahame, James, 17fi5-1811, a native of Glasgow,
and educated at the University of that city, after devoting
tome years to legal pursuits, took holy orders, and became
successively Curate of Shipton, in Gloucestershire, and of
Sedgefield,"in the county of Durham. He wrote a number
of poems, the principal of which are in blank verse. 1.
Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, Edin., 1801, Svo.
" His drama of ,^Iary Stuart wants that passionate and happy
vigour which the stage requires."— ^ftin CumiinghairCs Biog. and
Crit. Hist, nf tlie Lit. of the last FSfly Tears.
" A subject naturally attractive to a young Scottish poet. But
his genius was utterly undramaticand althcmgh it possesses some
fine passages it failed in commanding attentir'U." — D. M. Moia;
Sl.itdies of the Pml. Lit. nf the I'.ist Half-' ■•iitury.
2. The Sabbath ; a Poem. Anon., 1804, Svo ; 2d ed., with
Sabbath Walks, 1805, 12mo. 3 eds. same year.
"The greater part of it is written in a heavy and inelegant man-
ner . . It contains a good deal of doctrine and argumentation,
indeed, both in the text and in the notes: but nothing that is not
either very trite or very shallow and extravagant. . . . The whole
publication, indeed, thr.uih not entitled to stand in the first rank
of poetical excellrnre. is i.spectat'ly executed, and may be consi-
dered as veiy creililahle. either to a beginner, or to one who does
not look U|ion yioetrv as bis primary vocation."— Lord Jeffrey:
Jidin. !:• ,:. V. 4:i7-442.
"While the criticasters of his own country were pronouncing
sentence of condemnation upon it. for its pious dulness and in-
anity, the Sabt-ath had fvmnditsway from oneendof (ireat liritain
to the other."— lioBERT Soi'TUET: Lnn. Quiir. Her., iii. 456-461.
"The poem of the Sabliath will long endear the name of .lames
Grahame to all who love the due ohsenance of Sunday and are
acquainted with the devout thoughts and poetic feeling which it
inspires."— All^n CrN.viNoUAM : nbi siipru.
3. Biblical Pictures. Lord Byron styles this and the
preceding work " two volumes of cant, by sepulchral Gra-
hame." The world would not have been the loser if his
lordship had favoured us with some of the same kind of
"cant" in lieu of his Don Juan and productions of a
eimilar character.
i. Birds of Scotland, and other Poems, 1806, cr. Svo and
12mo.
"Grahame's Birds of Scotland is a delightful poem: yet its best
passages are not superior to .some of Clare's about the same charm-
ing creatures — and they are both ornithologists after Audubon's
and our own heart." — Prof. .Tohn Wilson : Recreations of Cliristo-
pher North : An Hour's Talk about Poetry.
"The Birds of Scotland is a fine series of pictures, giving the
form, the plumage, the haunts and habits of each individual bird,
with a graphic fidelity rivalling the labours of Wilson."— Alx.\N
CeNNiNGJl.\M; uhi siip7-a.
"The work by which Mr. Grahame is already known to the pub-
lic [The SabbaihJ is distinguished by the abundance of faithful
716
GRA
delineation of natural objects, and the interest thrown over them
bv the strou" expression of characteristic sentiments : and the same
truth and foVceof description, with the same interest arising from
the development of the writer's mind, will be found In the Birds
of Scotland. '—io?!. Jl/0"W. ie™. , ,^^. , . „ .^
" We need not add that the perusal of this volume has afforded
us a very uncommon degree of pleasure. The sensibility, without
any affectation, which the author on all occasions displays, cannot
fail to interest evei-y reader: he plainly feels every chai-m of nar
ture he describes." — Lon. Literary Journal.
6. Poems, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. Svo.
" His Sabl>ath Walks. Biblical Pictures, and Rural Calendar, are
all alike remarkable for accuracy of description, and an original
turn of thought." — Allan Cunningham: ubi supra.
6. British Georgics, 1809, 4to.
" In The British Georgics, the last and most ambitious of Gra-
hame's productions, we bare disappointment, less from the falling
off iu power than from the unhappy selection of subject. ... At
all events, we know that the British agriculturist neglects James
Grahanio's Georgics for Henrv Stephens's Book of the Farm.' —
D. M. Mom : ri:et. Lit. of the Past Half-Ckntury.
"No practical farmer, he may depend upon it, will ever submit
to be schooled in blank verse, however near it may approach to
prose, or will ever condescend to look into the British Georgics for
instruction; while the lovers of poetry must be very generally dis-
gusted liv the tediousness of those discourses on piactical hus-
bandry, which break in every now and then, so ungracefully, on
the loftier strainsof the poet. They who do read on. however, will
I be rewarded, we think, by many very pleasing and beautiful pas-
sages; and even those whose natures are too ungentle to admire
this kind of poetry must love the character from which it pro-
ceeds, and which it has so strong a tendency to form."— Loan
Jeffrey : Edin. Pev.. xvi. 213-223.
"It does not exhibit any particular system of husbandry; it
amuses rather than instructs, and recommends the study of the
science rather than teaching of it. The work embraces a mixed
description, and is lavish on rural modes and manners; the poetry
is both lame and tame, and never rises beyond a feebleness of con-
ception, and a descriptive halt. T'he portion of practical knowledge
is very minute, with incidental notices of new introductions."-
Donotdson's Agricult. liiofj.
"If the poet has failed in his present attempt, the fault lies
chiefly in the subject. There .are the same marks of a pious mind,
of amiable feelings, and of accurate observation of natural objects,
as in his former works; but unhappily he has bound himself not
merely to describe the opeiations of agriculture throughout the
year, from January to December, but to give directions for them ;
for drying manure and lime, preparing compost, spreading manure,
ploughing, paring, and burning, ic. What can be done with such
subjects?'" — Lon. Qmir. Per., iii. 456-461.
7. Poems on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, with en-
gravings from pictures by Smirke, 1810, 4to.
Few poets have been more highly commended by emi-
nent .authorities than the author of the Sabbath:
"The genius of Grahame ... is characterized by that cheerful-
ness which seeks and sees beauty in all the aspects of creation,
and finds deliiht in whatever is high. 'holy. pure, and of good
report.' This must be felt by every one capable of dissociating
fanaticism from true religion and of believing that Chiistianity
and gloom, instead of being synonymous terms, are utterly irre-
concilable and separated."— D. M. MoiR : «')• supra.
"There is a quiet natural ease about all his descriptions; a light
and shade both of landscape and character in all his pictures, and
a tiuth and beauty which prove that he copied from his own emo-
tions, and painted" with the aid of his own eyes, without looking,
as Dryden said, through the spectacles of books.'' — Allan Cun-
NlNrjHAM: ubi supra.
" liis taste was singular, and his m.anner correspondent. The
general tenour of his style is homely, and frequently so prosaic
that its peculiar giaces appear in their full lustre fiom the con-
trast of meanness that suriounds them. Ilis readers may be few :
but whoever does read him will probably be oftener surprised into
admiration than in the perusal of any one of his conteniporarie.s.
The most lively, the most lovely sketches of natural sceneiy, of
minute imagery, and of exquisite incident, unexpectedly dereloped,
occur in his compositions, with ever-varying yet ever-assimilating
features." — James Montgomery ; Lects. on Genl. Lit., Poet., (£c.
"Such glory, Grahame! thine: Thou didst despise
To win the ear of this degenerate age
Bv gorgeous epithets, all idly heap'd
On theme of earthly state, or. idler still.
By tinkling measures and unchasten'd lays,
Warbled to pleasure and her siien-traiu,
Profaning the best name of poesy.
W'ith li'ftier aspirations, and an aim
More worthy man's immortal nature. Thou
That holiest spirit that still loves to dwell
In the upright heart and pure, at noon o.' night
Didst fervently invoke, and. led by her
Above the ,\oni:in mount, send from the ft.irs
Of heaven such soul-subduing melody
As Bethlehem shepherds heard when Christ was bom.'*
John AVilson.
Grahame, James. A Defence of the Usury Laws
against the Arguments of Mr. Bentham and the Edinburgh
Reviewers, Edin., 1817, Svo.
Grahame, James, pub. An Inquiry into the Prin-
ciples of Population, Edin., 1816, Svo ; AVhn is to Blame?
or. Cursory Review of the American Apology for Ame-
rican Accession to Negro Slavery, Lon., 1842, Svo ; and
some Poems on the Abolition nf Shavery ; but is best
known by The History of the Rise and Progress of the
GRA
United States of North America till the British Revo-
lution in 1688, Lou., 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. New ed, with a
Contiuuatiuu, bringing the history down to the year 1776,
1836, 4 vols. 8vo. Rcpub. in Phila., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo;
1846, 2 vols. 8vo; 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. The 2d Amer. ed.
contains a Memoir by President Quincy, to which we
refer the reader. See also The Memory of the late
James Grahame, the Historian of the United States, Vin-
dicated from the Charges of Mr. Bancroft, by Josiah
Quiney, Bost., 1846. 8vo.
"Tbuif iHu lie ii" dmilit that hid researches after materials for
his purpose liave been extensive, and that hia use of authorities
iiaa been laborious and careful. And his style, though sus-
ceptible of impiovement, is in general clear, simple, and there-
fore agieeiiMe. Its cliief deficiency is in force: but it retjuires only
a. little more cultivation and revision to en.sure for it the praise
of perfect correctness and even elegance. The few marks of bad
taste .ind defective judgment which Mr. Grahame has betrayed
call rather for friendly admonition than severe censure." — Lon.
Month. Mrv.. cxii. 407-419, 1827.
"A valuable acquisition to the History of the World. In these
volumes Mr. Grahame has pbilosophically investigated the origin
and progress of one of the most extraordinary revolutions that
have ever occupied the atteutiou of mankind.' — Loii. Literary
Gazette.
" With an apparent desire to be above prejudice, with industry
equal to a thorough investigation of facts, and with a spirit able
to appreciate the value of his subject, Mr. Grahame has published
what we conceive to be the best book that has any wliere appeared
upon the early history of the United States. IIo has corrected,
with a proper bnldutss. the mistikes, whether of ignorance or ma-
lignity, which his pudecessors in the same labors bad committed."
—4^. F. Adams: N. Amer. Ho'.s sxxii. 174-195, 1831.
*'The most thorough work, and incomparably the best on the
subject previous to the appearance of Mr. Bancroft's, is the well-
known history by Mr. Grahame, a truly valuable book, in which
the author, though a foreigner, has shown himself capable of
appreciating the motives and comprehending the institutions of
our Puritan ancestors. He has spared no pains in the investiga-
tion of such oiiginal sources as were at his command; and has
conducted his incjuiiies with much candor, niauift-sting through-
out the spirit of a wholar and a gentleman.'"— Wm. II. Prescott: N.
Amer. Rev., Hi. 83-84, 1841. See also Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th
ed., vol. ii. 407, n.
*'It is written with great gravity and dignity, moderation and
justice." — Chaxcei-lor Kent.
Yet this excellent work was suffered to lie on the book-
sellers' shelves in London : the reasons for which are satis-
factorily stated by Mr. Adams and Mr. Preseutt. We
must not omit tu cull the attention of the reader to Mr.
Grahame's amusing lamentations over the humour of the
illustrious Chronicler of Knickerbocker:
"If this writer had confined his ridicule to the wars, or rather
bloodless buffetings and squal.-bles, of the Dutch and the Swedes,
his readers would have derived more unrepioved enjoyment from
his performance. Probably my discernment of the un suitableness
of Mr. Irving's mirth is tjuickened by a sense of personal wrung,
as I cannot help feeling that he has by anticipation ridiculed my
topic and parodied my narrative. If Sancho Panza had been a
real governor, misrepresented by the wit of Cervantes, his future
historian would have found it no easy matter to bespeak a grave
attention to the annals of his administration."
Grahame, Simeon. 1. The Passionate Sparke of a
Relenting Minde, Lon., 1601, 4to. This is a collection of
poems. Lloyd, 527, £0 128. 2. The Anatomic of Ilumours,
Edin., 1609. 4to. Gordonstoun, 105S. £4 \U. 6(/. Reed,
2170, £2 Is. Bindley, pt. 2. 1448, £7 17*. 6f/. This con-
sists of prose intermixed with verse. It is thought that
it suggested to Burton the first idea of his Anatomie of
Melancholic.
Graile, Edmund. Little Timothy's Lesson j or, The
Hist, of the Bible in metre, Lon.. 1611, 8vo.
Graile, John. 1. Doctrine of Condition.? in the Cove-
nant of Grace against W. Eyre. With Preface by Count
Jessop in vindic of Dr. Twisse, Lon., 1665, 4to. 2. Sacra
Privata, 2 pts., 16[!D, 8vo.
Graile, John, of Blickling. Serms., 1685, 1720.
Grainger, Edward. Med. and Surg. Remarks, &c.,
Lon., ISIo, 8vo.
Grainger, James, M.D., 172.3 ?-1767, a native of
Dunse, served fur some time as a surgeon in the army in
Scotland and Germany; afterwards practised as a phy-
sician, first in London, and subsequently at St. Christo-
pher's, iu the West Indies. He died in the latter place
in 1767. 1. Historia Febris Anomalai Batava?, annorum
1746-47-48. Ac, Edin., 1753, 8vo. 2. Poet. Trans, of the
Elegies of Tiljullus and of the Poems of Sulpicia, Lon.,
1758, 2 vols. 12mo. Severely criticized by Smcdlett in the
Critical Review. This criticism elicited — 3. A Letter to
Smollett, 1759, 8vo. 4. The Sugar-Cane; a Poem in 10
Books, with Notes, 1764, 4to. This subject was not the
best that could have been selected for poetical treatment,
and the language is not always of the most elevated
description :
" la the West Indies this poem might have charms, if readers
GRA
could be found : but what poetical fancy can dwell on the economy
of canes and copper-boilers, or find interest in the transactions of
plantei'S and sugar-brokers? His invocations to his muse are so
frequent and abrupt, that ' the assembled wits at Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds's mi^ht have found many passages as ludicrous as that
which excited their mirth.'"
The "ludicrous passage" referred to is quoted in the
following anecdote, which we find in Boswell's Life of
Johnson :
'•Having talked of Grainger's Sugar-Cane, I mentioned to him
Mr. Langlon's having told me that this poem, when read in manu-
script at Sir Joshua Reynolds's, had made all the assembled wits
burst into a laugh when, after much blank verse pomp, the poet
began a new paragraph thus:
'Now, Muse, let's sing of rats.*
And what increased the ridicule was, that one of the company,
who slyly overlooked the reader, perceived that the word had been
originally 7hic«, and had been altered to rats, as more dignified.'*
But this story requires an explanation, for which the
reader is referred to Boswell. Miss Reynolds gives rather
a different version, and tells us that when Johnson heard
the poem read, and the author came to the line
"Say, shall I sing of rats!"'
*'No!" cried Dr. Johnson, with great vehemency.
Boswell remarks:
"Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Percy, Sir, was angry with me for
laughing at the Sugar-Cane: for he had a mind to make a great
thing of Grainger's rats.'"
The objectionable line was altered. Dr. Johnson cer-
tainly liked the poem, on the whole, and sent a favourable
review of it to the London Chronicle of July 5, 1764. We
quote some other opinions:
''The novelty of West Indian scenery inspired him with the
unpromising subject of the Sugar-cane, in which he very poetically
dignifies the poor negroes with the name of ' swains.^ " — CampbdVs
Essay on English Pontry.
" If Grainger has invoked the muse to sing of rats, and meta-
morphosed in Arcadian phrase negro slaves into swains, the Ciult
is in the writer, not iu the lyric. The arguments which he has
prefixed are indeed ludicrously flat and formal." — Robert Southey :
L(m. Quar. Hev., x'l. 489, q. v.
And see also Johnson and Chalmers's Poets, 1810 ; Chal-
mers's Biog. Diet.
The Great Cham of Literature was also greatly delighted
with Grainger's Ode on Solitude, which appeared in Dods-
ley's Collection:
''When repeating to me one day Grainger's Ode on Solitude,
I shall never forget the concordance of the sound of his voice with
the grandeur of these images; nor, indeed, the Gothic dignity of
his aspect, his look and manner, when repeating sublime passages."
— Miss Reynolds.
'■ Ue praised Grainger's Ode on Solitude in Dodsley's Collection,
and repeated, with great energy, the exordiimjj . . . observing,
' This. Sir, is very noble.' " — Roswell.
*■ In it (the Ode) are assembled some of the sublimest images in
nature." — Bisuop Percy.
5. West India Diseases, 1764, 8vo. 6. Dysentery; in
Ess. Phys. and Lit, 1756. Dr. Grainger was also the
author of many contributions to the i\Ionthly Review and
the Grand Magazine, and of other productions, for an ac-
count of which, and for an interesting biography of the
author, we must refer the reader to Nichols's Illustrations
of Literary History, vol. vii. In this vol. will also be
found the correspondence of Grainger with his friend
Bishop Percy, who commends him in no measured terms:
" lie was not only a man of genius and learning, but had many
excellent virtues, toeing one of the most generous, friendly, and
benevolent men I ever knew."
Grainger, T. B. See Kennedy, L.
Grauau, Edward. Trans, into English verse of
Vida's Christiad, Lon., 1772, 8vo.
Grand, Wm. A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of the
Univ. of Cambridge, 1793.
Graudi, S. Method of preparing pannels for Painters;
Nic. Juur., 1S07.
Grange, Lady. Epistle to Edward D., Lon., 179S,4to.
Grange, John. The Golden Aphroditis: whereunto
bo annexed his garden, Lon., 1577, 4to. Again, sine anno,
4to. Part verse, part prose.
" Of John Grange I have not met with any biographical intima-
tion : but as a poetical writer he is placed by Webbe with AVhet-
stone, MuuJay, Ac., and not without propriety." — Censura Lit^-
raria, ed. 1815, i. 378-386, where see copious extracts; see also
Webbe's Discourse of English Poetrie, 158G ; Kitson's Bibl. Poet.,
223. ^24.
Granger, Gideon, 1767-1822, a native of SuffieM.
Connec, a member of the Senate of New York, and
Postmaster-General of the U. States lSOl-14, pub. some
essays, under the signature of Senectus, on the school-
fund; and a number of papers in 1S09 (signed Algernon
Sidney) and iu 1820 (signed Epaminondas) in favour of
the administrations respectively of President Jefferson
and of Governor Clinton of New York.
Granger, James, d. 1776. aged about 60, was
educated at Christ Churchy Oxford, and became Vicar
717
GRA
GRA
of Shiplake, in Oxfordshire. lie pub. two scrms., 1772,
'7.'^, but is best known by his Biugruphical Hist, of
Kngland. from E,i,'bert the Great to the Revolution, con-
sisting of Characters dispersed in dit!"erent Chtsses, and
adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of Engraved British
Heads. Intended as an Essay towards reducing our Bio-
graphy to system, and a help to the knowledge of Por-
traits ; with a variety of Anecdotes and Memoirs of a great
number of persons, not to be found in any other Biogra-
phical Work. AVith a Preface, showing the utility of a
collection of Engraved Portraits to supply the defect, and
answer the various purposes ot" Medals, Lon., 1709, 2 vols.
4to. Supplet., consisting of Corrections, large Additions,
Ac, 1774, 4to ; 2d ed., witli addits. and improvements,
1775, 4 vols. 8vo; .3d ed., 4 vob. 8vu ; 4th ed., 1S04, 4 vols.
8vo; 5th ed. with upwards of 400 luMit. Lives, 1S24, fi vols.
8vo. The impressions of Granger's Hist., pub. by Baynes,
are in 6 vols. Svo, £3 .3«. ; with Phxtcs, £M Ss. j 6 vols. r.
8vo. £4 10s.; with Plates, £12 128.; .3 vols, fob, £18;
with Plates, Indin, £;J1 10s. To Granger's History the
collector must add — I. Rev. Mark Noble's continuation"
of Granger's History : — from (he Revolutinu to the end
of George I.'s Reign. The Materials being supplied by
the Manuscripts left by Mr. Granger anrl the Collections
of the Editor, 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. II. A Collection of Eng-
lish Portraits, (310 in number,) engraved from rare Prints
or Original Pictures, 8vo, pub. by Richardson. The late
impressions are inferior. Bindley, Pt. 3, 1572, 72 Nos.,
£6 16s. 6(1 III. Copies of Rare Granger Portraits, in-
cluding some to Noble's Supplement, 1820-22, Svo, pub.
by T. & II. Rodd, in Nos. at 6.s. each. Large paper, 4to,
7«. fif/. each. Proofs in India paper, 12s. each. If ho
have an illustrated copy, he will not need the two pre-
ceding works. IV. Letters between the Rev. James
Granger and many of the most eminent literary men of
his Time, &c., 1805, Svo.
As Granger's passion for portraits has been but little
understood by some readers, it is but just to quote his
own words in his vindication :
" In every age aud nation distinguished for arts and learning,
the inoliuationof transmiltiuii the memory and eveu the features
of illustrious persons to posterity has uniformly prevailed. The
greatest poets, orators, and historians were contemporaries with
the most celebrated painters, statuaries, and engravers of gems
and medals; and the desire to be acquainted with a man's aspect
has ever risen in proportion to the known excellence of his cha-
racter and the admiration of his writings."
The publication of Granger's work excited an eager
competition for portraits, and unfortunately many of his
disciples carried their zeal to the highly-censurable ex-
treme of mutilating valuable works for the sake of the
portraits which they contained :
"Previciusly to the pulilication of the first edition of this work
in 1769, five shillings was considered a liberal price by collectors
for any English portrait: and the late Lord Oxford, ^ir U illiam
Musgrave, aud Uiohard Bull, Esq., have declared to several per-
sons still living, that the most valuable prints in their Collections
were purchased by them at, or under, that sum. But on the ap-
pearance of Mr. Granger's work, the rage to illustrate it with
portraits was so prevalent, that scarcely a copy of a book orna-
mented with portraits could be found in an unmutilated state; and
books of this description rose in price to five times their original
value. Holland's ' Herologia,' Anderson's 'Genealogical History
of the Houst- of Yvery.' Dugdalu's -Origines Juridicales,' Birch's
*Lives of Illustrious Persons,' Collins's 'History of the Noble
Houses of Vere aud Cavendish,' Rapiu's and Larrey's ' History of
England,' Smith's ' History of Vjrgiuia,' Clarke's and Lupton's
'Lives of Eminent Divines,' Knight's 'Lives of Erasmus aud
Dean CoU-t,' and all works of a similar description, have been
freely plundered for the sake of their attractive embellishments."
— P/v/. to bth ed. nf Grang,-fs Biog. Hist, of Extj.
Rowo Mores, in his criticism upon Ames's Catalogue
of English Heads, is loud in his complaint of these muti-
lators— often depredators :
*' If this ^Of(( for prints and thieving continues, let private
owners and public libraries look well tu their books, for there will
not remain a valuable bonk ungarbled by their connoisseuring
villauy ; for neither honesty nor oaths restrain them."
This is a tempting subject, but we must (ly from it. We
have touched upon a branch of this illustrating mania in
our article on Bagfoied, John. The literary merit of
Granger's History ia of a high order:
■* danger's Biographical History is full of curious anecdotes,
but might have been better done; thj dog is a 'Whig."— Da.
Johnson.
" I have, since I saw you, read every word of Granger's Biogr.i-
pbical Histoiy. Tt has entertained me exceedingly, and I do not
think him the Wltig that you supposed." — Bnswdt to Dr. Johnson,
Aug. 30, 177fi.
It is a curious fact that this remark, to "exceedingly,"
is generally quoted as Johnson's instead of Boswell's.
Even Wright, one of Boswell's commentators, commits
this serious error.
'• I ha IV no hesitation in def-ignatlng it as a delightful and In-
structive book ; but whoever republishes it should add the por-
traits of the different characters whi^-h were unknown to the
n.uthor. Considering that Granger may be said to have first walked
the lield alone, it is surpii?ing what he has done. His catalogue
of enj:i aved heads is immense. IHs style is always clear, pointed,
and lively : and if he tilked and preached as he wrote in his bin-
graphir-;il history, it would have bwn diflicult to have withdrawn
attention from so intelligent a quarter.''— />('.-/(«'&■ Lib. Comp.
See Noble's Continuation of Granger's Hist.; Nichols's
Lit. Anec. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and authorities there
cited. Respecting Illustrated Copies of books, see Dib-
din's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 500-511.
In our article on Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, we have
noticed a number of illustrated copies of several of his
works. Among the most splendid examples of illustrated
works are— 1. The Shakspeare, containing more than 2.300
prints, bound in 20 vols., sold at Hanrott's sale for £556
10s. 2. The Shakspeare in the possession of Earl Spencer,
illustrated by Lady Lucan ; the labour of sixteen years.
See Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1S42, p. 498. 3. The
Bowyer Bible, in 45 folio vols., with more than 6000 prints,
valued at 3000 guineas ; put up to raffle among 4000 sub-
scribers at a guinea each, and sold by the winner at
auction to Mr. Willis, of Covent Garden, for £405. It
subsequently became the property of Mr. John Albinsou,
of Bolton, and was sold at the sale of his library, March,
1856. to Mr. Robert Heywood, of Bolton, for £550. 4. The
copy of Clarendon's Rebellion, illustrated by Alexander
Hendras Sutherland, at an expense of nearly £10,000.
To add to the wealth of this copy, Mrs. Sutherland paid
eighty guineas for one plate, containing the portraits of
James I. and his Queen, Anne of Denmark, by Renold
Elstrake. 5. The copy of Lcfevre's edit, of Voltaire's
works, 1829-34, 90 vols. 8vo ; sold in Paris, in 1856, for
£223; estimated worth. £S00. Tlie illustniti<in of the
works of this mischievous writer and bad man cost the
labour of twenty years j 12,000 engravings, of which
10,000 are portraits, are inserted. Of Granger's own
work, we observe that Mr. Joseph Lilly and Mr. George
Willis, of London, have each on hand at this moment
(1856) a magnificent illustrated copy. Mr. Lilly's copy
{which includes Noble's continuatiun) is illustrated by
more than 1300 portraits, bound in 27 vols. imp. 4tn,
price £42. Mr. Willis's copy contains more than 3000
portraits, bound in 19 vols, fob, price £38 lOs. It cost
the fnrmer owner nearly £200. But we cannot regard a
volume of this character without pain, nut that we love
portraits less, but books more: and how many noble tomes
have been pillaged to add to the ill-gotten gains of "Il-
lustrated Copies!"
Granger, Joseph. Agricult. of the County of Dur-
ham, &c., Lon., 1794, 4to, pp. 74.
"At the time of its publication reckoned a good performance.
Mr. Granger wrote very truly ou the subject."— i^onoWson's Agri-
cidt. Biog.
Granger, T. C, l.Collec. of Statutes: see Evans,
Wm. David. 2. Sir T. E. Tomlin's Law Dictionary, 4th
ed., 1835, 2 vols. 4to. 3. H. Roscoe"s Law of Evid. in
Crira. Cases, 3d ed., 1846, r. 12mo. 4. In conjunction
with J. Manning. Cases in Ct. of C. Pleas, 1840-44,
7 vols. r. Svo, 1841-46. In conjunction with J. Manning
and J. Scott, Common Bench Reports, 1845-51, 8 vols.
r. 8vo. Regularly continued.
Granger, Thomas. 1. Expos, of the Ten Command-
ments, Lon., 1616, 8vo. 2. Divine Logick, 1620, 4to. 3.
Serm., 1620, Svo. 4. Expos, on Comment, on Eccleeiastes,
1621, 4to.
Grant. Serms., 1780. 6 vols. 12mo.
Grant, Mrs., of Croydon. 1. Sketches of Life and
Manners, 12mo. 2. Tales founded on Facts, 12mo.
'■ThereareFour Tales in this little volume — viz. Ellen— Glencoe
— the Captive — and thu .\uthnr. They are naturally and pleasiujilv
written, without much effort at style, and what we miirht find to
censure on the score of carelessness in some parts is amply com-
pensated by the sound moral of the whole, which recommends the
book as exceedingly proper for youth."— ion. Lilerarg Gazette.
Grant, A. Modern Attorney: 2ded., Lon.", 1795, Svo.
Grant, Alex. Use of Opium, Lon., 1785.
Grant, Alex., D.D. Scrms., Dundee, 1800-05, 3 vols.
Svo; 1806, 3 vols. Svo.
Grant, Sir Alexander. The Ethics of Aristotle,
Lon., 1857-58, 2 vols. Svo.
Grant, AndrcAV, M.D. Hist, of Brazil, Lon., 1809-
10, Svo.
Grant, Mrs. Anne, 1755-1838, known as Mrs. Grant
of Laggan, was a native of Glasgow, and the daughter of
Duncan MacVicar, an officer in (he British army. The
latter was ordered to America in 1757, and was followed
by his wife and child in the next year. When ahout eight
years of age she became acquainted with " Madame Schuy-
GRA
ler." of Albany, the widow of Colonel Philip Schuyler,
and aunt to the distinguished general of that name, aud
enjoyed the advantages of her society for the remaining
four years which she spent in America. The gratitude
of the child has been vividly recorded in the portrait of
Mrs. Schuyler, entitled Memoirs of an American Lady,
pub. in 1808.
In 1768, at the age of 13, Anne returned with her parents
to Scotland, and in 1779 was married to the Kev. James
Grant, minister of the parish of Lngi^an, Invernesshire,
who in 1801 left her a widow with eight children. After
the death of her husband she resided for some time on a,
small farm near Laggan. subsequently in tho vicinity of
Stirling, and in 1810 removed to Edinburgh, where she
remained until hor death in 1838, at tho ago of 83. She
enjoyed the friendship of Bishop Pnrteus, Sir Walter Far-
quhar, Sir William Grant, and Sir Walter Scott, by whose
hand the memorial was drawn up wliieh jjrucured her a
pension of £100 from the year 1826 until her death.
1. The Highlanders, and other Poems, Ediu., 1803, 8vo.
3000 copies subscribed for. Repub., 1804, 8vo.
" Her Poetry is reiilly not very good; and lli*- trn'>;t ffdinup, and
certainly the least poetical, volume which shr has iii'-iiii<-id, is that
which contains her verses. The longest jiii-ii'.— whi^h shr- hiis
entitled The Highlanders, — is heavy aud uniutercstin" ; auA there
is a want of compression and finish — a sort of Infisr i.-niiiiliii-. and
indigested air — in most of the others. Vet the ulnl. r.ii. ri mn is
enlivened with the spjirklings of a prolific fancy, aud tiLsplays great
command of language and facility of versification. When we write
our article upon unsuccessful poetry, we shall endeavour to explain
how these iiualities may fail of success: — hut in the mean time,
we think thu're is an elegy upon an humble irieud. and au address
from a fountain, and two or three little pieces, which very fully
deserve it; — and are written with gi-eat beauty, tenderness, aud
delicacy." — Lord Jeffrey: Edin. Itev., xviii. 481-48*2.
"Mrs. Grant in her Highlanders and other Poems respectably
assisted in sustaining the honours of the Scottish muse." — D. M.
Moir: SIcetchcs nf the Poet. Lit. nf the Past Ilalf-O'ntury.
2. Letters from the Mountains; being her Corresp. with
her Friends, 1773-1S03, Lon., 1806; 6th ed., edited, with
Notes and Additions, by her son, J. P. Grant, 1S45, 2 vols.
p. 8vo; 1845, 2 vols. 24mo; 7th ed., 1863, 3 vols. p. Svo.
" No person, 1 believe, was so astonished at their success as my-
self.'"— JIrs. Grant.
*' Her Letters from the Mountains, nof withstanding the repulsive
affectation of the title, are among the most inteivsting collections
of real letters that have lately been given to the public; and, being
indebted for no part of their interest to the celebrity of the names
tbey contain or the importance of the events thfy narrate, afford,
in their success, a more honourable testimony of the t;ilents of the
author. The great charm of the correspondence, indeed, is its per-
fect independence on artificial helps, and theair of fearlessness and
originality whith it. has consequently assumed.'' — Lord Jeffrey :
Edin. Bev., xviii. 4SiJ.
"The eng.iging volatility of youth apparent in the early part of
the correspondence, and the good sense of more ripened years, are
hero equally pleasing. The sentiments of the author when occu-
pying the various relative situations of a daughter, wife, mother,
and protegee, are truly praiseworthy; while the display of a warm
and lively imagination, correct and animated language, and strokes
of real genius, with which the letters abound, present still further
title to our approbation.*' — Lon. Monthly Itrvitiv.
It is not surprising that Mrs. Grant is sometimes inac-
curate in her statements, and we observe in a work just
published the following criticism upon hor account of the
Massacre of Glencoe :
"I quote Mrs. Grant's authority only for what she herself beard
and saw. Her account of the massacre was writbm apparently
without the assistance of books, and is grossly iucorrect. Indeed
she makes a mistake of two years as to the date.'" — T. B. Macau-
lay's Hist, of Kvg., vol. iv.. 1856.
3. Memoirs of an American Lady; with Sketches of
Manner.'! and Scenery in America, as they existed previous
to the Revolution, 1808, 2 voL*. 12mo ; 2d ed., 1809; N.
York, 1809. The "American Lady" is Mr.s. Schuyler,
(see ante;) but we have also the autobiography of the au-
thor's Ameriean life, and much other interesting matter.
'' The Memoirs of an American Lady contains a very animated
picture of that sort of simple, tranquil, patriarchal life, which was
common enough within these hundred years in the central parts
of England; but of which we are rather inclined to thiuk there is
no specimen left in the world; — and which is rendered more inte-
resting in the present striking memorial, by the contrast of its
sober and regulated tennrwith the wildnessofa srttl'-nieut in the
de-sert, and its combination with some peculiariticfl in the structure
of society derived from the adopted usages of Switzerland and Ger-
many."— Lord Jeffrey; Edin. Ret\, xviii. 482.
" The character of the Lady, her way of keeping house on a large
scale, the state of the domestic slaves, the customs of the young
men of Albany, their practice of robbing one another in joke, ic,
are novel and curious."
"Exceedingly instructive concerning the manners and customs
which prevailed in New York Colony at the close of the Eighteenth
Century."— Wm. H. Seward, (lati Governor of JVew lark:} Preface
to Nat. Hist, of Ni^w I'orh:
"A faithful narrative of the manner and modes of life of the
anti-revolutionary residents of Albany chiefly." — PRES. Cn.^RLfcS
E£lNO.
GRA
" On the basis of her very youthful recollcctionfi, affected, with-
out doubt, bv the imaginations and prejudices of after-years, she
constructed this work at the age of fifty-two. It is not without
interest, as m.iy appear by the references which we have made to
it; but no one will suppose that it can make much pretension to
accuracy." — Andrews Norton: iV. ^tmcr. -ffcr., Ix. 146; where see
an account of Miss Lowell's remonstrances with Mrs. Grant respect-
ing the injustice charged upon the Memoirs of the latter.
4. Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of
Scotland. To which are added Translations from the
Gaelic, and Letters connected with those formerly pub-
lished, 1811, 2 vols. 12rao.
"She has very great powers nf description, both of character and
scenery — much force of conception, acuteness, and re.tch of mind
in reasoning— great occasional brightness, and perpetual activity
of fancy,— aud a fine enthusiasm for virtue, simplicity,— and tliu
Highlands. . . . Though it be dittlcult, hnwever, to keep pace with
her enthusiasm in behalf of this siii-rnlar race, we agree perfectly
in her censure of the incurious indilierence with which they have
been hitherto regarded by the very siiuie philosophers who think
themselves well employed in collecting uncertain notices of far less
interesting and less accessible nations. . . . The Letters annexed to
these Essays are. like all Mrs.Gr.ant's letters, lively, impressive,
and original; though sometimes in bad taste, and generally ver-
bose. For the benefit of those who have not seen her former col-
lection, we annex a few specimens. . . . This, to be sure, is not ex-
actly the style of Madame du DelTand;— and yet there are very
many people Avho will like it quite as well. And even those who
would be most scandalized at the comparison must confess, that
it indicates a far loftier, a far purer, and a far happier character,
than that of the witty lady with whose it may be contrasted."—
Lord Jeffrey: Eiln. Rev., xviii. 4S2-4S3, 507, 510.
5. Eighteen Hundred and Thirteen ; a Poem, 1814, 8vo.
6. Memoir and Correspondence of Mrs. Grant of Laggan,
1844, 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed..
18.'J3, 2 vols. p. Svo. These vols, consist of a sketch of
Mrs. Grant's life, drawn up by herself, (in 1825, .tc.,) to tho
year 180(>, and continued by her son, and of her letters
between 1803 — when she left Laggan for Wooden d — and
within a few months of her death in 1838. Tho following
commendations of these vols. — from authorities of widely
different character — are all for which we can find room :
"Most of Mrs. Grant's letters are rich in moral sentiment, and
all are pre-eminent in refined social feeling. Her style of writing
is so pure, and her modes of thinking and expressing her.self upon
every subject so true to nature, that no one of correct taste can
rise from the perusal of her letters without a consciousness of real
delight." — Lon. Eoangdical Magrizine.
"Abounds in anecdotes of many celebrated persons, well told,
novel, and full of interest. Mrs. tirant discovers an astounding
acuteness of intellect, a sagacity of discrimination, and. what is
better still, a fervour of religious feeling, rarely met with in any
collection of letters in the whole range of English literature." —
Oiurt Journal.
This estimable lady was as great a favourite in tho
social circle as she was with those who only knew her
through her enchanting volumes. Dr. Monro gives a
graphic account of the pleasure which he experienced in
her company at an evening party in Edinburgh :
"Mrs. Grant is really a woman of great talents and acquire-
ments, and might, without offence to any one, talk upou any
subject she pleases. But I assure you any person who hopes to
meet with nbltie stocldng, in the ordinary sense of this term, in
thislady, will feel sadly disappointed. . . . The snund and rational
enjoyment I derived from my conversation with this excellent
person would indeed atone for much more than all the blue stock-
ing sisterhood have ever been able to inflict \ipon my patience."
Mr. Do Quincey accidentally encountered Mrs. Grant
and her beautiful daughter in a stage-coach, in 1808. The
charms of the daughter of course were not lost upon the
enthusiastic temperament of tho Opium-Eater; but tho
conversation of the mother seems to have impressed him
more deeply. In a review of his life, written many years
later, he tells us, with much feeling:
"Her kindness to me was particularly flattering; and to this
day I retain the impression of the benignity which she — an esta-
blished wit. and just then receiving incense from all quarters —
showed in lier manners to me — a person utterly unknown." — Lilc-
vary Rniiiniscr.ncis.
Undoubtedly the writings of Mrs. Grant did much to
awaken that taste for Scotland and its scenery, its tradi-
tions and its superstitions, which was at once stimulated
and gratified by the poems, the novels, and the histories,
of the author of Waverley. Thau his there can bo no
higher commendation; and we are glad to be able to add
it to the many tributes which have been offered to tho emi-
nent merits of Anne Grant of Laggan:
" Her writings, deservedly popular in her own country, derive
their success from the happy manner in which, addressing them-
selves to the national pride of the Scottish people, they breathe a
spirit at once of patriotism and of that candour which renders
patriotism unselfish and liberal. We h.ive no hesitation in assert-
ing our belief that Mrs. Gi'ant's writings have produced a strong
and salutary effect upon her countrymen, who not only found re-
corded in (hem much of national history and antiquities which
would otherwise have been forgotten, but found them combined
with the soundest and the best lessons of virtue and morality."
Such is a brief extract from the application to King
719
GRA
George TV. for a pension to Mrs. Grant, written by Sir
AViiUer Scott, and figned by himself. Lord Jeffrey, Henry
Mackenzie, and other gentlemen. We have seen that it
was successful. In addition to the Memoirs above referred
to, the reader will find much of interest relating to this
excellent and accomplished woman in Mrs. Elwood's Lite-
rary Ladies of England, and in a biogr.nphical article in
N. Amer. Rev., Ix. 1 26-156, by Andrews Norton. See also
Lon. Gent. Mag. ; Eraser's Mag.; the Eclectic Review;
and Loekhart's Life of Seott. ^
Grant, Anthony, D.C.L., Archdeacon of St. Albans.
The Past and Prospective Extension of the Gospel by
Missions to the Heathen, considered in Eight Lects., at
the Hampton Lecture, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
Grant, Asahf^I, M.D., late Missionary to the Amer.
Board of For. Missions. The Nestorians; or. The Lost
Tribes : containing evidence of their identity, illustrations
of Scripture, Prophecy, &c.. Lon., 1841, 8vo ; Sd ed., 1844.
■'Carinas intmavMan:'—/licl.-ersMirs C. S.
"An important accession to our stores of ceographical know-
ledue- and we hope it will receive, what it richly deserves, an ex-
tensive ciionl.ition and an attentive perusal."— CVi.o/ Eng. IJuar.
" Much curious and interesting information."— ioji. Athenaum.
Also highly commended by the Church and State Ga-
zette, The British Quarterly, and other leading reviews.
The reader must also procure Rev. A. C. Lathrop's Me-
moir of Dr. Grant, pub. iu N. York, and Rev. Thos. Lau-
rie's (surviving associate of the Mission) account of Dr.
Grant and the Mountain Nestorians, Bost., 1853. 12mo;
3d od., revised, 1856, 12mo. The map in this work of the
Nestorian country we presume to be the most correct in
existence.
Grant, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1795, 4to.
Grant, Charles, Viscount de Vaux. 1. Memoires de
la Maison de Grant, Lon., 1796, Svo. 2. The Hist, of Mau-
ritius, or the Isle of France, 1801, 4to.
"This work is drawn principally from the memoirs of Baron
Grant, by his son. The Baron resided nearly twenty ye.irs in the
island : hence, and from his acqu.iintance with most of the sci-
entific and nautical men who visited the island, he has been
enabled to collect much information connected with its physical
state, its harbours, climate, soil, productions, and the manners of
its inhabitants."' — Stevenson's Voyages and Travels,
Other publications.
Grant, Charles. A Poem on the Restoration of
Learning in the East, Camb., 1805, 4to. This obtained
Mr. Buchanan's prize.
Grant, Charles, 1746-1823, an East Indian proprie-
tor and director, noted for his zeal in the furtherance of
Christianity and education in India. Observations on the
State of Society among the Asiatic subjects of Great Bri-
tain. Printed by the House of Commons in 1S13.
Grant, D. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1771-86.
Grant, David, M.D. Med. Ac. works, 1801, '05, '07,
all 8vo.
Grant, David. Beauties of Modern English Poetry;
3d ed., Lon.. 1848, 12mo ; 5th cd., enlargeil.
" A book of uiuih utility." — ^faore's Life of Btjron.
Grant, Duncan, minister of Forbes. The Duty of
the Young to Love and Seek Christ, Edin., 32mo. Highly
commended
GRA
2. Practice in Chancery; 6th ed., 1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
"A very useful manual to the Equity practitioner."— tVarren's
Lam Stu.. 928.
i.-Ques. and Answers on above, 1839, 12mo.
Grant, J., M.D. Yellow Fever, Lon., 1805, Svo.
Grant, James. Serms., 1775, '77, both Svo.
Grant, James, of Corrimony. 1. Essays on the Ori-
gin of Society, Language, Ac, Lon., 1785, 4to. 2. Thoughts
on the Origin and Descent of the Gael, 1813, Svo. Edin.,
1814. Svo.
Grant, James. An Enquiry into the Nature of Ze-
mindary Tenures in the Landed Property of Bengal, Ac,
Lon., 1790, '91, 4to.
" Again.st the proprietary rights of the Zemindars."— JfcM!«cA's
Lit. nf I'alit. Earn.
Grant, James, R. N. Voyage in the Lady Nelson,
Lon., 1803, 4to. Prefixed is an Account of the Origin of
Sliding Keels and their advantages.
Grant, James, editor of the London Morning Adver-
tiser, b. in Scotland about 180B, has pub. a num.ber of in-
structive and popular works, of which the following are
among the bost known:— 1. R.andom RecoUec. of the
House of Lords, 1830-36, Lon., 1836, p. Svo. 2. Of the
House of Commons, 1836, p. Svo. 3. The British Senate
in 1838; a 2d Series of Nos. 1 and 2, 1838, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" The extraordin.iry success of the Random Recollections of the
Lords and Commous h:rs naturally enough led to this publication,
which is executed with equal ability." — Lem. Athenaeum.
4. The Great Metropolis, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo._
" There is a coarseness and vulgarity in its style which is repul-
sive. No strength; no divinity; no grace: no refinement. In a
word, the book has very bad manners."— U. W. LoNorELLOW: N.
A. JteiK. xliv. 461-4S4, q. v.
6. The Great Metropolis ; 2d Series, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" The author displays so much shrewdness, natural humour,
and such a vein of good-n.itured caricature, that we hope soon to
meet with him again." — Edin. Jiev.
6. The Bench and the Bar, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" In these volumes, as in a mirror, the reader may obtain a
glance at the leading leg:d luminaries of the day." — Lnn. Sun.
7. Travels in Town, 1S39, 2 vols. p. Svo. S. Sketches
in Loudon, 1838, Svo.
"Many people wonder .at the love of London.— Why so? It is
certainly the best summer residence — none other is so cool. The
best abode in winter — for none other is so warm. The rich prefer
it for cimtaining every luxury ; and the pool-— where can money
be made to go so far?"— Sir F. B. Head.
9. The Metropolitan Pulpit ; or, Sketches of the most
Popular Preachers in London, 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. The
following are the principal preachers noticed in these
agreeable volumes : — The late Rev. Dr. Waugh, the late
Rev. Matthew Wilks, the late Rev. Wm. Howels, the late
Rev. Rowland Hill, the late Rev. Edward Irving, the Rev.
Thomas Snow, the Rev. John T. Robinson, the Rev. Dr.
Croly, the Rev. J. F. Denham, the Rev. Hobart M. Sey-
mour, the Rev. Watts Wilkinson, the Rev. Sanderson Ro-
bins, the Rev. Dr. Dillon, the Rev. H. Beamish, the Rev.
Henry Melville, the Rev. J. T. Judkin, the Hon. and Rev.
Baptist Noel, the Rev. Thomas Mortimer, the Rev. J.
Hambleton, the Rev. Dr. Brown, the Rev. Jno. Cumming,
the Rev. Dr. Crombie. the Rev. R. Redpath, the Rev.
Thomas Archer, the Kev. John Young, the Rev. Alexander
Fletcher, the Rev. Dr. Morrison, the Rev. Dr. Leifchild,
:;■, .' r, . K-j , 1 n Ti ^ ie.i\i „,„;„„„t the Rev. Dr. Collyer, the Rev. John Burnet, the Rev. Caleb
*T'^»!'tA.°L«'.l";i»?,.*=„'!r;''.!*\^,^.;^;-±J,' «;Z,'rd I Morris, the Rev.'ja'nies Sherman the Rev. Dr. Bennett,
the Rev. Jno. Clayton, the Rev. Thomas Binney. the Rev.
for his learning, was educated at Westminster School and
at Christ Church, or at Broadgates Hall, Oxf. ; Master of
Westminster School, 1572-91 : Preb. of Ely, 1689. 1. Grffica
Linguai Spicilegium, Lon., 1675, 4to. Epitomized by his
usher and successor, William Camden, under the title of
Institutio Graeca Grammaticcs Conipendiara, in usum Re-
gis) Sehola) Westmonasteriensis, 1597, Svo. See Camden,
William. , „ „. „ -i
"Reprinted about one hundred times since.' See Biog. Brit.,
2254.
"2.-Lettersand Poems of Roger Ascham, with Ora.io,Ac '^^ -->!;:? "^'^ ^S^whU:-!
—a piece of his own,— lo/ 7, Svo. 3. Lexicon Giajco-Lat - ^^^.^ ^^^j,,^ ^^ ,jj, ^^^^,.^f^ and just; or, if
num, Jo. Crispin! Opera, Ac, opera et studio, E. G., (Ld- - .
ward Graham,) 1581, fol. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
"Tbe most noted Latiuist and Clrecian of his time. . . . Esteemed
a most noted Latin poet, as seveial of his copies of verses, printed
ill various hooks, shew, and was well skill'd in all kind of humane
literature."— jli/i"i. Oxon., q. V. See also Biog. Brit.; Tanner;
Bentham's Elv.
Grant, Francis, Lord CuUen, b. about 1660, d. 1726,
an emineut Scotch lawyer and .judge under Queen Anne.
1. The Loyalist's Reasons, Ac, Edin., 1689, Svo. 2. Law,
Religion, and Education considered, in three Essays,
1715, Svo. 3. A Key to the Plot, by Reflections on the
Rebellion of 1715, 1716, Svo.
Grant, Harding. l.Advice to Trustees,Lon.,lS30,8vo.
"A usilul litlle work, mainly designed for unprofessional
readers." See 2 Leg. Obs., lUS.
720
Jno. Blackburn, the Rev. Dr. Andrew Reed, the Rev. Dr.
Fletcher, the Rev. Jno. Stevens, the Rev. C. Coomb, the
Rev. Wm. Overburv, the Rev. J. Harrington Evans, the
Rev. Edw. Steane, the Rev. C. Stovel, the Rev. J. Howard
Hinton, the Rev. Dr. F. A. Cox, the Rev. Dr. Jahez Bunt-
ing, the Rev. Thomas Jackson, the Rev. Roht. Aitkin, the
Rev. J. Abrahams, and the Rev. J. Dorman.
We think that Mr. Grant has surpassed any of his former
care, and iodustry, in the getting up
manifested tbe most sin-
there be a leaning, it is
never but to the favourable side. Above all, the re.lder cannot
fail to perceive and fall in with the earnest sentiments of the
author and the strain of piety which pervades the entire work."-
Lon. Month. Bev.
Grant, James, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-
Law. Law of Corporations in General, Lon., 1850, r. Svo.
" The best treatise on Corporation Law." — L<m. Law /("cr.
" Wo thiuli the arrangement happy. Another feature in Mr.
Grant's hook is the honesty with which it has been compiled."—
Lon. Law Mat/. „
" Vast research and diligence are displayed in the execution. —
Lo7t. 'J'imcs.
Grant, James, R. A., b. 1822, at Edinburgh, a son
of Ciipt. Jcdin Grant, has gained considerable celebrity
by a number of popular works. 1. Tbe Romance of
War, or Highlanders in Spain, vols, i., ii., iii., p. Svo, 1848 ;
GRA
GRA
T.1. iv., 1847, p. Svo; 2(1 e.L. IS 18. 4 vols, in 2. 2. Adven-
tures of an Aide-de-Cjiiup, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Me-
moirs of Sir Win. Kirkuldy of (Jrange, 1849, p. Svo.
"It is very srldoiii indwii Ibat we tintl history so written, — in
a style at once vigorous, perspicuous, and picturesque." — Black-
wood's Mag.
4. Walter Fen ton ; or. The Scottish Cavalier, 3 vols. p.
8vo. 5. Memorials of Edinburgh Castle ; illustrated, 1850,
p. Svo.
"Mr. Grant's very interesting history of the Cttstle of Edin-
burgh.— a work equally distinguished by research, accuracy, and
pictorial interest." — Sir Archibald Alison''s Essays.
6. Bothwell ; or, the Days of Mary Queen of Scots*
1851, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Memoirs of Sir John Hepburn,
lS51,p. Svo. 8. Jano Seton, 1853, 2 vols. p. Svo. 9. Philip
Rollo, 1854, 2 vols. p. Svo. Cheap eds. of several of these
works have been pub. Of that of Bothwell, 10,000 copies
were sold in a month. Mr. G. has been a contributor to
the Dublin Univ. Mag. and to Tait's Mag. See Men of
the Time, Lon.. 1856.
Grant, James I>I., of Lincoln's Inn. Custom's Fal-
lacy ; a Dram. Sketch, 1805, Svo.
Grant, Jeremiah. His Peregrinations, Lon., 1763,
12mo.
Grant, John, Preb.of Roches. Serms., Loii.,1707, 4to.
Grant, John. Institutes of Latin Grammar, Lon.,
1808, Svo.
'* These Institutes display considerable ability, great diligence,
and philosophical insight into the structure of language." — Lon.
Month. Rev.
Mr. G. also pub. an Eng. Gram., Serms., Ac., 1811-15.
Grant, John. Sierra Leone, 1810, Svo.
Grant, John Peter. 1. Ct. of Session in Scot., Lon.,
1807, 8vo. 2. Wealth and Currency, 1812, Svo. 3. Speech,
1817. 4. Law rel. to New Trials, 1817, Svo.
Grant, Johnson, 1773-1S45, a native of Edinburgh ;
Rector of Binbronk, 181S ; Minister of Kentish Town
Chapel, 1822. He pub. several theolog. and poetical
works, among which arc — 1. A Summary of the Ilist. of
the Eng. Church, and the Sects which have departed from
her communion, with answers to each dissenting body,
Ac, Lon., 1811, '14, '20, '25. 4 vols. Svo. 2. Arabia; a
Poem, with Notes, Leeds, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. XXXIV.
Serms., 1835, Svo.
" These sermons are well suited to the closet, and are good spe-
cimens of composition." — Lon. Chris. Jicmnnb.
4. The Jobhuad ; a Poem, Lon., 1S37, Svo. Anon. ; not
pub. 5. Sketches in Divinity, 1840, Svo.
Grant, Klein, M.D. 1. Hooper's Medical Dictionary,
8th ed. revised, corrected, and improved by K. G., Lon.,
1839, Svo; 184S, Svo.
'• Compared with the early editions, it may, from the great in-
crease of matter, be regarded as a new work. I)r. (.Irani has suc-
ceeded in preserving the plan of the late Dr. Hooper, and at the
same time in giving to his labours that extension of detail which
the recent progress of medicioe liad rendered necessary. . . . This
edition will be found more extensively useful than any of those
which preceded it." — Lim. M,d. Oazette.
2. Memoirs of the late James Hope, M.D., by Mrs.
Hope. With addit. matter by Dr. Hope and Dr. Burderj
the whole edited by K. G. ; 3d ed., 1844, p. Svoj 4th ed,,
p. Svo.
" We warmly recommend this volume to the reading public." —
Bnt. and For. Md. Jiev.
Grant, Louisa Kerr, Niufa; a Tale, Lon., 1855,
p. Svo.
'■The great merit of the book consists in bringing one idea for-
ward and tilling the reader irresistibly with it; and this is the
unnatural union of two different characters and cnuutries, and
the natural penalty that must ensue." — Eraser's Magazine.
Grant, P. Con. to Med. Com., 1786.
Grant, Patrick, lfi9S-1762, Lord Prestongrange, a
Scotch Judge, wrote some pieces against the Rebellion of
1745.
Grant, Patrick. Annotations on Lord Stair's In-
stitutions of the Law of Scot., Edin., 1824, 4to.
Grant, Kaymond James. Life of Thos. Dermody,
with Grig. Poetry, Lon., ISOli, 2 vols. Svo.
Grant, Robert. 1. Hist, of the E. India Comp. to
1''73. Lon., ISLS. Svo. 2. Trade, Ac. of India, 1813, Svo.
Grant, Robert, Vicar of Bradford-Abbas, Ac. Six
Lects. on the Parable of the Prodigal Son, Lon., 1830, 12mo.
Grant, Robert, b. 1814. at Grantoun, Scotland. 1.
History of Physical Astronomy, Lon., 1852, Svo.
" Mr. Grant's l>ook takes its place among standard works from
its first appearance, by common coDsent." — Lon. Philosophical Mag.
*' Seldom have we been called on to review a book more complete
than this. The amount of research displayed is evidence of the
most unwearying industry. The work will stand as one of the
great records of human progress; for most satisfactorily is every
phase of man's advance in the knowledge of ' the stars in their
curses' therein recorded." — Lon. Athenaum,
46
2. With Admiral W.H. Smyth, D.C.L., atrans. of Arago's
Popular Astrnnnmy : vol. i., 1855. 3. With Admiral Smyth
and llov. B. Powell, trans, of Arago's Eminent Men, 1857.
Grant, Robert Edmund, M.D., b. at Edinburgh,
1793. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy, 1835, Svo. Not
completed. Other profess, works. See Eng. Cyc, Biog.,
vol. iii.. lS5fi.
Grant, Roger. Cure of a Man bora Blind, 1709. Svo.
Grant, W'm. Essay on the Balance of Europe. From
the French of Fenebm/Lon., 1720. Svo.
Grant, \Vm., M.D. Med. works, 1771-82.
Grantham, Henry. Trans, into English of S. Len-
tuln's Ital. Gram., written in Latin, Lon., 1575, Svo ;
1587, ir.ino.
Grantham, Thomas. Murriage Serm., Lon., 1641,
'5fi, 4tn: 17.^1. 8v(..
Grantham, Sir Thomas. 1. The Prisoner against
the Prelate, (16511.) Svo. 2. Christianismus Primitivus,
Lon., 1678, fol. Other theolog. works, 1644-80.
Grantham, Thomas. 1. Scrm., 1674, 4to. 2, Five
Discourses nn Conjugal Duty, 1681, 4to ; 1709, Svo.
Granville, Cardinal. Letters contayning sundry
Devises touching the state of Flanders and Portugal, Lon.,
1582, Svo.
Granville, A. B., M.D., has gained considerable
reputation by his medical works and accounts of tours on
the continent. The following excellent production was
received with enthusiastic commendations : St. Peters-
burgh ,• a Journal of Travels to and from that Capital, 2d
ed., Lon., 1829, 2 vols. Svo. *
'•We do not hesitate to say that his Picture of Petersburgh
contains the most copious and detailed description of the gi|j;antic
edifices of this extraordinary city which has hitherto been laid
before the public." — J.Wilson Croker: Lon. Ouar. i?cu., xxsix.
1-41. q. V.
We have many favourable notices before us of our au-
thor's Spas of England and Germany, treatise on Sudden
Death, &c., but lack space for their insertion.
Granville, Charles. Synopsis of the Troubles of
England during the last 1800 Years, 1747, 12mo.
Granville, Dennis. See Greenville.
Granville, Greenville, or Grenville, George,
Viscount Lansdowne, 1667-1735. a son of Bernard Gran-
ville, was educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., where he dis-
played such extraordinary merit that he was created M.A.
at the age of thirteen. He subsequently wrote a number
of poems, dramatic pieces, some essays, and minor histo-
rical treatises. 1. The Gallants, C, 1696, 4to. 2. Heroic
Love, T., 1698, 4to. 3. The Jew of Venice, C. 1701, 4to,
4. Peleusand Thetis, M., 1701. 4ti>. 5. The British Enchan-
tress, D. P., 1706, 4to. 6. Once a Lover and always a
Lover, C, 1736, 12mo. 7. Poems on Several Occasions,
1712, Svo. 8. A Letter from a Nobleman abroad to hia
Friends in England, 1722. In Lord Somers's Collection.
9. Genuine Works, in verse and pro.se, 1732, 2 vols. 4to.
10. Letter to the Author of Reflections Historical and
Political, occasioned by a Treatise in vindication of Gene-
ral Monk and Sir Richard Greenville, 1732, 4to.
" His works do not show him to have had much comprehension
from nature or illumination from learning. He seems to have
had no ambition above the imitation of Waller, of whom he has
copied the faults, and very little more." — Dr. Saml. Johnson ; Lifa
of Granville.
'* lie imitated Waller; but, as that poet has been much excelled
since, a faint copy of a faint master must strike still less." — Horacb
Walpole: R. i£- N. Authors.
Yet it seems that his lordship had poetry enough for a
nobleman, for great authorities thus laud his muse;
" Auspicioufl poet, wert thou not my friend,
llow could I envy what I must commend;
But since 'tis Nature's law in love and wit,
That youth should reign, and withering age submit,
With less regret these laurels I resign,
Which, dying on my brows, revive on thine."
Dryden to I/ord Lansdowne on his ^'excellent tragedy," Heroic Love,
'* 'Tis yours, my lord, to bless our soft retreats,
And call the Muses to their ancient seats;
To paint anew the flow'ry sylvan scenes,
To crown the forests with immortal greens;
Make Windsor's hills in lofty numbers rise.
And lift her turrets nearer to the skies;
To sing those honours you deserve to wear,
And add new lustre to her silver star."
lope's Dedication of Windsor Forest to " CraiivUk the Polite?'
_ Dr. Joseph Warton cites several of his lordship's trea-
tises to prove that his prose style was far better than that
of his early contemporaries. See Biog. Brit.; Johnson's
and Chalmers's Poets. ISIO; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.;
Parke's Wjilpole's R. & N. Authors.
Granville, Sir Richard. See Grenville.
Grascome, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1691-1707
721
GRA
Grassineau, James. A Musical Dictionary, Lon., 1
^^Grattan, Rt. Hon. Henry, M.P., 1750-1820, a pa- j
tive of llublin, educated at Trinity College, in that city, I
entered the Irish Parliament in 1776. and distinguished
himself by his eloquent advocacy of the rights of his
country. For his services in procuring the repeal of the
act which declared the legislative authority of the Eritisli
Parliament over Ireland, he was voted £50,000 (reduced
at his own request from £100,000) by the Irish legislature.
After the Union he represented iMalton, and subsequently
the city of Dublin, in the Imperial Parliament. 1. .Speeches
in the'lrish and in the Imperial Parliament, i-'l'tea "y
his son, Henry Grattan, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 2. Mis-
cellaneous Works, 8vo. 3. Speeches ; with .a Commentary
on his Career and Character, by D. 0. Madden Dubl.,
1845, Svo. 4. Memoirs of his Life and Times, by his son,
Lon.'. 1839-45, 6 vols. 8vo. ,
'•This truly valuable work will unquestionaWy form one of the
most important .ind interestiuB additions to our I'l^S^P"'?:'! ^"'l
historicHl literature that our own d,iy has produced. " """S <«
a comolote historv of Ireland during the period nf trrattan s life—
and the only efficient one which has yet been placed on lecoid. —
Lon- Kavaland Military Gnziltj'. . . , , . *„ „ii
■•The •splendid success whii-h has imprinted his name to all
anes upon the annals of his country, and Ihc extraordinary merit
bv which that distinction was pained and his life still further
illu-^trated in after-years, are by no means his highest praise, lo
him may be applied, with perhaps but one exception, the affet-
tionate and beautiful words of Cicero respecting bis son-in-law
'•' Vereor, ne amore videar plura. quam fuerint in illo, dicere:
• auod non ita est; alia enim de illo majnra di. i pnssunt: nam nee
continentia. nee pietate. nee ullo genere virtut.s quendam ejus-
deni .-etatis cum illo conferendum puto.'"— ii/m. J?ci'., Jxxvni.
See'also articles on Grattan in Blackwood's Mag., xlvi.
392 529 ; Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 229 ; a review of his Mis-
cellaneous Works in Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 3o9; of his
Speeches in Lon. Month. Kev., xcviii. 113: a biographical
and critical notice, and some of his speeches, in C. A.
Goodrich's Select British Eloquence.
•• Mr tlrattan was the sole person in modern oratory of whom
it could be said that he had attained the first class of eloquence
in two parliaments, differing from each other in their tas t-s,
habits, and pr.judices as much, probably, as any two as.semblles
of different nations. The purity of his life was the brightness of
his glnrv . . If I were to describe his character briefly. 1 should
-■"■ *i,.^o„ni^T.t Hicfnrisn. that he was •Vita innocentissimus,
— RlRjiMESMACK-
siy,°wit"h the ancient historian, that he was • Vita innocentissimus.
in'genio florentissimus, proposito sanctissimus,
" lie was a man of singular candour and of great moderation ;
and from his entrance into public life to the close of his illustrious
career gave signal proofs of his moderation, of his extreme for-
bearance, nay, of his gentleness."— Lord Brougham: l^iKerh m
Ifousf «f Commons. June 26. 1823. See also his lordship s charac-
ter of drattan, in his Lives of Statesmen of the Times of Oeorge
ni. New ed.. Lon. and filasg., i. 335-342. 1S55.
Grattan, Henry. See preceding article.
Grattan, P. R. Cases decided in the Supreme Ct.
of Appeals and the Gcnl. Ct. of Virginia, 1844-45, Rich-
mond, 1845, Svo. .
Grattan, Thomas CoUey, an Irish novelist, b. in
Dublin, in 1796, whose works have obtained considerable
celebrity, has spent much time on the continent of Europe,
and was from 1839 to 1853 British Consul at Boston, where
he wrote two of his most popular works. 1. Philihert; a
Poetical Romance, Bordeaux, 1819, r. Svo; Lon., 8vo.
This tale is founded on the Ilistory of the false Martin
Guerre, reported in the Coii.«f« CVbret. 2. High-Ways
and By-Ways ; or. Tales of the Road-Side, picked up in
the French Provinces, by a Walking Gentleman, 1823, 2
vols. p. Svo ; 2d series, 1824, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 3d series, 1S27,
3 vols. p. Svo. New eds. have been pub.
'• Havin" thus amply allowed the author and his book to speak
for themselves, we have only to observe that the style is through-
out sustained with equal vigour as in the .above specimens; and
we may safely pronounce this work to be executed in a manner
worthy of the patriotic motive which the author proposed to him-
self in its composition— the eradication of national prejudices. —
min Rev , xxxviii. 454-467 ; notice of 1st seines. See Allan Cun-
ningham's Diog. and Crit. Hist, of Lit. of the last Fifty Years.
3. Traits of Travel, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. The Heiress
of Bruges; a Tale of the year Sixteen Hundred, 1830, 4
vols. New eds, in 1S34, '4'9, in 3 vols. p. Svo; and also in
12mo. ^ , . ,.
••The general style is nianlv. animated, and characteristic, and
calculated to attract the attention of the literary readers of the
continent, where the author has been long residing, as well as
those of his native land." — Court Jnurnai.
See also Westminster Rev., xiv. 146.
6. Hist, of the Netherlands to the Belgian Revolution in
1S30, (Lardner's Cyc, vol. x., ) 1830, 12mo. 6. Hist, of
Switzerland, 12mo." 7. Men and Cities; or, Tales of Travel,
3 vols. p. Svo.
722
GRA
'•Mr Grattan has brought the imagination of the novelist to
the materials of the traveller;-he has sat down by the hfarth—
he knows the home— the habits— of the people he describes. —
^"-l'. ■jacquelfnr"of Holland, 1842, '49, 12mo. 9. Tha
Master Passion, and other Tales, 1S45, 3 vols. p. Svo.
10 Ch.ance Medley of Light Matter, 1S45, 12mo. 11. Ag-
nes de Mansfelt,"lS47, '49, 12mo. 12. Legends of the
Rhine, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1S49. 12mo. Mr. Grattan was also the
author of a pamphlet on the Northeastern Boundary Ques-
tion (1842) between Great Britain and the United States.
Grattan, William, R. A., late Lieut. Connaught
Rangers, a cousin of the preceding, was present at nearly
all of the battles on the Peninsula. Adventures of the
Conn.aught Rangers. Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d series,
1852, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"In this second series of the adventures of this famous regi-
ment, the author extends his narrative from the first form.itioa
of the gallant 8Sth up to the occupation of Pans. All the battles,
sices, and skirmishes in which the regiment took part are de-
scribed. ... The work bears all the characteristics of a soldier s
straightforward and entertaining narrative."
Graunt, Edward. See Grant.
Graunt, John, 1620-1674, a haberdasher of London,
of intelli''ence and research, gained great distinction by
his Niitural and Political Observations upon the Bills of
Mortality, chiefly with reference to the Government, Re-
ligion, Trade, Growth, Air, Diseases, Ac. of the City of
I London, Lon., 1662, 4to ; 6th ed., 1676, Svo. Again, 1759,
4to. Edited by T. Birch.
'• Sir William Petty .... was the chief director and author of a
piece published some time before by one John Graunt," ic—
Bishop Aiculson's Eng. Hist. Lih. , , ..
" He (Sir William Petty) is author of the ingenious deductions
from the bills of mortality which go under the name of Mr.
Graunt."— iVijdi's Memoirs. ,. i ,_ » , r »i,
" This work is not only one of the earliest, but also one of the
best, of its class. It is said by Evelyn in his Memoirs, (i. 4,6,
4to ed ,1 and by Dr. U.allev in his paper referred to below, that :Mr
William Petty was the real author of the Observations. But,
notwithstanding the deference due to their authority, it may be
doubted whether there be any good ground for this statement. --
McCulloeh's Lit. of Polit. Econ.. where see this question discussed.
Wood says tliat the Observations were done upon certain
hints and advice of Sir Will. Petty.
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Dodd's Church Hist.;
Pepys's Life and Diary. There is also ascribed to Graunt,
Reflections on the Bills of Mortality relative to the Plague,
1665, Svo; and he left some pieces in MS.
Graunt, John. Truth's Victory against Heresy,
Lon., 4to.
Grave, Christian. Morals and Politics, 1,94. Svo.
Grave, or Graves, George Ann. Memoirs of Joan
of Arc ; frion Du Ficsuov. Ac, Lon., 1S12. Svo.
Grave, John de. Gate of Tongues, Lon., 1633, Svo.
Griiveuor, Benjamin. See Grosven-or.
Gravere, Julius de. A Treasury of Choice Medi-
cines. Lon.. 1662. 4to. .
Graves, Mrs. A. J. 1. Women in America: their
Moral and Intellectual Condition, N. York, 1S42, ISmo.
2. Girlhood and Womanhood; or. Sketches of my School-
mates, Boston, 1844, 12nio.
Graves, George. 1 British Ornithology, Lon., Ibll-
13 2 vols. r. Svo; 96 col'd plates. 2d ed.. 1821, 3 vols.
Svo; 144 col'd plates. 2. Naturalists', Ac. Pocket Guide;
col'd plates, 1815, Svo. 3. Ovarium Britonnicum, ISlo, r.
Svo. 4. Hortus Mcdicus, 4to.
Graves, Rev. John. Hist, and Antiq. of Cleveland
in the North Biding of Yorkshire, Carlisle, ISOS, 4to.
Graves, John. Bahama Islands, Lou., 17S9, 4to.
See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova. i. 356.
Graves, R., and Ashton J. Whole Art of Tacliy-
eraphy; or, Short-Hand Writing, York, 1775, 12mo.
Graves, Richard, 1715-1804, a native of Gloucester-
shire, Rector of Claverton, near Bath, and of Kilinersdon,
was author of a number of popular works, now generally
forgotten. Among the best-known are The Festoon, or
Collection of Epigrams; Lucubrations in Prose and Verse,
pub. under the name of Peter Pomfret; The Spiritual
Quixote; Eugenius, or Anecdotes of the Golden Bull;
Columelia, or the Distressed Anchoret; I'lexippus, or the
Aspiring Plebeian ; political pieces, under the name of
Euphrosyne; Sermons on various subjects; Recollections
of Shenstone; translations from Antoninus, Herodian,
Xenophon, Ac. His last publication was The Invalid,
with the obvious means of enjoying Life by a Nonagena-
rian. His most popular work, often reprintc.l, was ihe
Spiritual Quixote: which was intended as a satire on the
itinerant and illiterate preachers among the Methodists.
The subject was hardly a suitable one for a divine; nor,
indeed, for any one else.
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Graves, Richard, D.D., 1763-1829, a native of Kil-
finane, Limerick, was educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, of
which he became Fellow in 17S6; Dean of Ardagh. 1813;
and Regius Prof, of Divinity ia the University. lie pub.
a number of sermons and theological works, of which we
particularly notice — 1. Essay on the Character of the
Apostles and Evangelists; designed to prove that they
were not Enthusiasts, Lon., 1799, 8vo.
'• A book wbioh deserves to be coDSulted." — Orme's Bill. Bib.
2. Lects. on the 4 last Books of the Pentateuch. These
Lects. were delivered at the Donellan Lecture, 1797-1801.
They were originally pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1807. Three
Lectures were added to the second and subsenuent edits.
Last ed., 1846, 8vo. Few works of the kind are more
highly esteemed.
-'This is a work of learning and merit. Dr.Graves examines
very minutely the authenticity and truth of the Mosaic history,
and the theoloi^ii'al ami moral principles of the Jewish law; and
replies, at great lenj^th, to the most plausible objections. With
Dr. Geddes. in particular, he maintains a very determined conflict,
and exposes, very successfully, the infidel reasnniii-;s of that arro-
gant writer. He also frequently combats Le Clerc and Warburton."'
— OrmesBibl.Bih.
'• Indispensably necessarv to the biblical student." — Hornets Bibl.
Bib.
" The work of Dr. Graves is truly invaluable, and we cannot but
strongly advise every student in divinity to get it up (as it is
called) in preparing for his ordination." — Briiish Cnlic.
*'The late excellent Bishop Lloyd, in his latter years, made it
one of the text-books of his private divinity lectures.'"— XofoHc^es's
Brit. Lib.
" Much important information; deficient in evangelical truth.'*
^BickersMh's fVirif^. .Sfu.
An Epitome of this work will be found in Dr. J. B.
Smith's Compendium of Rudiments in Theology, Lon.,
1S36, 12mo.
3. XXV. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, 1830, 8vo.
'•The parent may re.id them with profit to his children, the
scholar may peruse them with delight in his study. They are
spirit-stirring appeals, which the sinner will find it difficult to re-
sist, and the saint impossible to condemn." — Lon. Chris. Etniem-
branccr.
4. Select Scriptural Proofs of the Trinity, 1840, 8vo.
5. Whole Works, now first collected; with life by his son,
Richard Hastings Graves, D.D., Rector of Brigown, Dio-
cese of Cloyne, 1840, 4 vols. 8vo.
"The duty has been undertaken by his son, and executed in a
manner creditable to his hereditary talents and piety." — Dubl.
Univ. Mag., xvii. 634-015, q. v.; and see Fraser's Mag., sxiv. 76.
Graves, Capt. Richard, R.N. Case of the Author
rel. to his non-promotion in 1801. 1812, Svo.
Graves, Robert, M.D. Med. works, Lon., 1792-97.
Graves, Robert J., M.D., Prof, of the Institutes of
Med. in the School of I*hysic, Trin. Coll., Dublin. Clinical
Lectures on the Practice of Medicine. Edited by Dr.
Neligan, Dubl.. 1848, Svo : 2d ed.. 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Third
Amer. ed., by W. W. Gerhard, M.D., Lect. on Clin. Med. in
the Univ. of Penna., Phila., Svo.
" Xo praetilioner of medicine should he without it, since there
is scarcely a disease to which the human frame is liable which does
not receive in it some illustration, direct or incidental; and as a
guide to practice, especially when difficulties arise, it will be found
a most useful work for reference." — Brit, and F'>r. Ahd. Jiev.
"By his death the Irish school has lost one of its brightest orna-
ments; one whose labours had made his name familial' in every
European and American school." — Dubl. Times and Gazette.
Graves, Samuel. Political treatises, 1814, <fec.
Gravius, an-ffice. Greaves.
Gray, Alexander, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Gray, Aloiizo, b. 18US, at Townshend, Vermont,
formerly Prof, of Chemistry and Natural Philos. in Phil-
lips Academy, Andover, Mass. 1. Elements of Chemis-
try, Andover, 1841, 12mo; 40th ed., newly revised and
greatly enlarged, N. York, 1853, 12mo.
"An exceedingly judicious arranijemeut of the facts of Chemis-
try. Its consecutive order is lucid and logical. It indicates a
mind accustomed to teach as well as to study. It seems to me to
hold a happy medium between the brevity which only obscures the
subject, and the copious details of works too elaborate and minute
fur the general student." — TJielate Dr. Griscnm^nf Burlingiiyn, N. J.
2. Elements of Scientific and Practical Agriculture,
Andover, 1842, 12rao. 3. Elements of Natural Philos.,
N. York, 12mo.
«' Extremely well adapted to the purposes of elementary instruc-
tion."— Prof. Elias Loomis, New York Untvcrsiti/.
'• Well suited to win the confidence of the public and to sustain
the reputation of the author."— Rev. Ltman Coleman. D.D.
4. In conjunction with C. B. Adams, Elements of Geo-
logy, 1852, i2mo.
"It presents the Outlines of European and American Geology
in a concise form." — National Era.
Gray, Andrew, a Puritan divine of Glasgow, 1. XL
Communion iSerms., and a Letter to Lord W., Edin., 1616,
Svo; Lon., 1679. Svo. 2. Whole Works, Glasg., 1702, Svo;
Falkirk, 1789, Svo.
Gray, Andrew, D.D., of Abemethy. 1. Delineation
of the Parables. Ac, Edin., 1777, lS14,"8vo.
"This is a very sensible work on the Parables. It is free from
that fanciful and licentious mode of treating the allegorical parts
of Scripture in which many writers, with a show of piety, have
most improperly iiidultred." — Onmt's Bibl. Bib.
"This Delineation will be of e:reat use to the reader in the study
of the parables of Jesus, and will enable him to comprehend tht-ir
full force and meaning. The author has explained and illustrated
them with perspicuity, and pointed out the several important in-
structions that mav fairly be deduced from them." — Lon. Month
Bev., O. .S'.. Ivii. 196.
2. Serm., 1763, Svo. 3. Serra., 1768, Svo.
Gray, Andrew. 1. The Experienced Millwright,
Edin., 1S04. 'i)G, 4to. 2. Plungh-Wright's Assist., ISOS,
Svo. 3. Spinning Machinery, 1819, Svo.
"The author much excelled in the construction of ploughs of the
swing kind, to be drawn by two horses."— Donaldson's Agricidt.
Biofj.
Gray, Ann Thomson. The Twin Pupils; or. Edu-
cation at H<ime. Lun.. 1852, fp. Svo.
"More sound principles and useful practical remarks we have
not lately met in any work on the much-treated subject of educa-
tion."— Lon. Lit. Gazette.
"A volume of excellent tendency, which may be put with safety
and advantage into the hands of well-educated young people."—
Lon. Evangel. Mag.
Gray, Asa, M.D., Fisher Prof, of Natural History at
the University of Cambridge, Massachusetts, b. at Paris,
Oneida countv. New Y'ork. Nov. IS, 1810; took the degree
of M.D. at Fairfield College, 1S31, but relinquished the
medical profession for the purpose of prosecuting the
study of botany ; appointed botanist to the U. States Ex-
ploring Expedition, 1834, but. in consequence of the delay
of that enterprise, resigned his post in 1837: elected Prof,
of Botany in the University of Michigan, and, before that
institution went into operation, elected to his present
situation in 1842. In addition to his lectures at the Uni-
versity, he has delivered three courses of Lowell Lectures
in Boston. In the prosecution of his botanical studies, he
visited Europe, 1838-39 and in 1850-51. See Men of the
Time. N. York. 1852. The reputation of this distin-
guished gentleman is too widely extended to render any
commendation upon our part at all necessary.
1. Elements of Botany. 1836. 2. Botanical Test-Book,
N. York, 1842. 12mo; 4th ed., 1S53, sm. Svo; 5th ed.,
1858: see No. 6.
" We congratulate the friends of natural science upon the elec-
tion of a person of so much zeal and ability as this book discoverB
to the chair of botany in the University of Cambridge."— G. B.
Emerson : review of \st ed. in iV. Amer. Jfev., Ivi. 192-207, q. v.
And see a review of 2d ed. {1S45, 12mo) in N. Amer.
Rev., Ixi. 254-25S, Ixvii. 174-193. See also Amer. Jour,
of Sci., 2d Ser., v. 377.
"The most compendious and satisfactory view of the vegetable
kingdom which has yet been obtained in an elementary treatise.
Remarkable fur its correctness and perspicuity."— .SV//i/Han's Jour.
This excellent work has been a text-book in the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, and is so used in Harvard University
and other American colleges.
3. Genera of Plants of the U. States ; illustrated by Isaac
Sprague. N.Y., 1848^9, 2 vols. r. Svo. A valuable work.
"The design of this woi-k is to illustrate the botany of the United
States by figures, with full analyses of one or more species of each
genus, accompanied by descriptive generic characters and critical
observations. The figures are in all cases drawn dU-ectly from
nature." — Pre/ace.
4. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States,
Best., 1848. 12mo; 2d ed.. N.York, 1856. sm. Svo. 5.
Botany of the U. States Pacific Exploring Expedition
under" Captain AVilkes, 1854, 4to, with atlas of 100 plates,
1857, imp. fol. A separate edition of 150 copies printed
for sale. 0. The following six works constitute Dr. (iray's
School Series, revised, rearranged, and pub. in 1S5S. I.
How Plants Grow; Botany for Young People, sm. 4to.
IL Lessons in Botany, with Drawings from Nature. III.
Manual of Botany, for Analysis and Classification. IV.
Manual and Lessons, in 1 vol. V. Manual, with Mosses,
&c. VI. Structural and Systematic Botany; a revised ed.
of Botanical Text-Book, 1300 drawings. 7- In conjunc-
tion with John Torrey. M.D.. A Flora of North America.
This work, the first portion of which was issued in 1838,
is pub. in numbers. It will form 3 vols. Svo. For an in-
teresting sketch of Dr. Gray's labours, comprising a notice
of Nos. 2, 3, 4. and 7, recorded above, we refer the reader
to an article by Mr. J. Carey, in the N. Amer. Rev., Ixvii.
174-193; also' see N. Amer." Rev., Oct. 1858. In addition
to his published vols.. Dr. Gray has con trib. many valuable
papers to the Amer. Jour, of Science and Arts; Annals of
the Lyceum of Nat. Hist., N.York; Mcmoirsof the Amer.
Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Boston ; Jour, of the Boston
Society of Natural History: Sir W. J. Hooker's Jour, of
723
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Botany, London ; Journal of the Linna-an Soc, London; I
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge; N. Anier. Rev.
The intelligent, self-denying, and persevering labours
of Dr. Gray have imposed upon his countrymen obliga-
tions of no ordinary character. It is by such works that
credit is acquired abroad and education extended at home.
Gray, Charles, Capt., R.N. 1. Poems and Songs,
Lon., 1811, cr. 8vo; 2d ed., 1815, 12mo. 2. Lays and
Lyrics, 1842, fp. 8vo.
"Captain Gray .strilies the Scottish harp with a bold and skilful
hand, producing tones in awordauce with the univeisal sonp of
Nature which will not readily be forgotten." — 0.ikdimian Mer-
cury.
t;ray,Chris. Cat. ofTreesandShrubs, Lon, 1740, 8vo.
Gray, Dionis. His Storehouse of Breuitie in Woorkes
of Arithmetick, Lon., 1586, 8vo and 16mo.
Gray, Edward Whitaker, M.D., 174S-lS0r, Secre-
tary to the Royal Society, and keeper of the departments
of Natural His"t. and Antiq. in the Brit. Museum. Con. on
nat. hist, and nat. philos. to Phil. Trans., 1788, '89, '95, '96.
Gray, Francis Calley, LL.D., 1790-1856, b. in
Salem, Mass.. a member of the Bar. distinguished for ex-
tensive literary attainments, a son of Lt.-Gov. William
Gr.ay, and a native of Salem, Mass., graduated at Harvard
College in 1S09. and was subsequently private secretary to
John Quincy Adams in bis mission to Russia. He resided
in Boston until his decease, and filled several important
public positions, having been a representative, a senator,
and a member of the governor's council.
Mr. Gray's publications are as follows :
1. Address to the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society
at their annual meeting, Oct. 10, 1817. 2. Discourse at
Plymouth, Mass., on the 199th anniversary of the landing
of the Pilgrims, Dec. 22, 1819. .3. Report of the Committee
of Merchants and others of Boston on the Tariff, Oct, 2,
1820. The Resolutions appended were drawn by Mr.
Webster. 4. Letter to Gov. Lincoln on Harvard University,
April 16, 18.31. 5. Oration before the Legislature of Mass.,
on the 100th Anniversary of the birth of Washington,
Feb. 22, 1832. 6. Discourse before the American Institute,
Aug. 23, 1832. 7. Speech in the House of Representatives
of Mass., on the bill to abolish capit.al punishment, March
19, 1836. 8. Poem before * B K Society at Cambridge,
Aug. 27, 1840.
*■ The spirit of the composition is thoroughly patriotic and Ame-
rican, and this we rejoice to see; for Mr. Gray is deeply read in
the literature of Europe, and knows, by personal observation, what
there is attractive iu foreign associations and foreign modes of
life. His mind is richly stored with various and accurate know-
ledge, gathered by study and travel; and he can judge, if any
man can, what sources of poetical inspiration are to be found in
American history and scenery as compared with Europe. The
glowing strain that patriotic feeling dictates to so enlightened a
mind as Mr. Gray's cannot fail to make a strong impression." —
A'. .Imfr. Sev., lii. 202-266.
9. Oration before the <t> B K Society of Providence,
R. I., Sept. 7, 1842. 10. Remarks on Early Laws of
Mass., with the " Body of Liberties" of 1641, not before
printed, Mass. Hist. Collections, 3d series, vol. viii. 191,
Dec. 22, 1842. The MS. from which this was printed was
discovered by Mr. Gray. 11. Prison Discipline iu Ame-
rica, Bost., 1847, 8vo.
Articles in the North American Review :
1. Translation of Sadolet's Laoeoon, vol. ii., p. 199, Jan.
1816. 2. Address before the 4> B K, vol. iii., p. 289,
Sept. 1816. 3. Imitation of Goethe, " Know'st thou the
land," vol. iv., p. 201, Jan. 1817. 4. Giustiniani's account
of an ancient cemetery in Naples, vol. v., p. 119, May,
1817. 5. Visit to the Elizabeth Islands, vol. v., p. 313,
Sept. 1817. 6. Time and Pleasure, vol. v., p. 341, Sept.
1817. 7. Review of Macchiavelli, vol. v., p. 344, Sept.
1817. 8. Cuvier's Theory of the Earth and Dana's Mine-
ralogy : Systems of Geology, vol. viii., p. 396. 9. Nov-
anglusand Massachusettensis: Beginning of American Re-
volution, vol. ix., p. 376, Sept. 1819. 10. Addresses of Phila.
Society : Foreign Commerce and Domestic Industry, vol.
X., p. 316, April, 1820. 11. Constitution of Massachusetts,
vol. xi., p. 359, Oct. 1820. 12. Raymond's Political
Economy, vol. xii., p. 443, April, 1821. 13. Botta's Ame-
rican Revolution, vol. xiii., p. 169, July, 1821. 14. Europe,
by a Citizen of the U. S., vol. xv., p. 177, July, 1822.
15. Jay's Treaty — Free ships, free goods — Rule of 1756,
vol. xvii., p. 142, July, 1823. 16. America, by the author
of Europe, vol. xxv., p. 1(39, July, 1827.
Translations in Longfellow's Poetry of Europe : — From
Dante — Beatrice, p. 524: "flowers," 6th line from end, a
misprint; — should be " spirits." From Boccaccio — Sonnet
on Dante, p. 534. From M.anzuni — H Cinque Maggio, p.
bl4, On the Death uf Napoleon.
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Mr. Gray's defence of the Congregate System elicited
auxiliary articles in the North American Review for
January, 1848, and the Christian Examiner for the fol-
lowing month. Mr. Gray's volume, and the subject gene-
rally, were ably reviewed in a work entitled An Inquiry
into the alleged tendency of separation of Convicts one
from the other to produce Disease and Derangement. By
a Citizen of Pennsylvania, Phila., 1849, 8vo. The author
of this work is Mr. Frederick A. Packard, formerly a
member of the Massachusetts Legislature, for many yeara
past a resident of Philadelphia. A notice of a work upon
the subject of prison-discipline — in which many good men
now take a warm interest — will be found in our article on
Buxton. Sin Tbohas Fowell.
Gray, George Robert, Senior Assist, in the Zoolo-
gical Department, Brit. Museum. 1. A List of the Genera
of Birds ; 2d ed., Lon., 1841. 2. The Genera of Birds, com-
prising their Generic Characters. Illustrated with Figures
by D. W. Mitchell, Lon., 1837-49, 3 vols. imp. 4to, £31 10«.
This work contains 371 plates, (186 plain and 185 col'd.)
The only similar work which has ever been pub. is Vieil-
lot's Galerie des Oiseaux, in 1825, which is now so far
behind the iiuproved state of the science that it is valuable
only as a collection of figures. Gray's and Mitchell's
splendid work has elicited enthusiastic commendation :
"Among the great works, G. R.Gray's Genera of Bii-ds takes
undeniably the first place."— SuNDEVAi,: RtpoH to Vie Academy of
SiocI:/ioIm.
" This is a work which no library ought to be without : no zoo-
logist vvlio wishes to keep up his knowledge of the present state
of lirnithology cau dispense with its possession." — Wiegm. Archiv
fiir Kuturg, 1844.
" We have a work before us which ranks among the most dis-
tinguished in Ornithology ; which, in scientific importance and
piactical usefulness, leaves all similar works far behind."— HiET-
LAlB: Isis, 1846, p. 903.
" The working naturalist will hail with gratitude the work,
which supplies him with a ready index to the whole subject of
Ornithology. . . . This beautiful and elaborate work will tend
greatly to advance our knowledge of Ornithology : uo public and
private museum cau be scientifically arranged without its aid." —
Jardinc^s Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Mr. Gray was a contributor to the English ed. of
Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, and is the author of several
entomological publications, etc.
Gray, Mrs. Hamilton, is the author of several popu-
lar works, of which the best-known are — 1. A Tour to the
SepulchresofEtruriainlS39,Lon.,lS40,p.8vo;3ded.,1843.
" .Mrs. Gray's sepulchral picture-gallery has no intervals of daub
or vacancy. ' She has won an honourable place in the large as-
sembly of modern female writers." — Lf>n. (^uar. Rev.
"As a more particular illustration of what is the highest pride
of modern English civilization — the union of genuine learning
and genuine refinement — we may once more name Mrs. Hamilton
Gray's Sepulchres of Etruria." — Miss Kigby: Lon. t^uav. licv.,
Ixvi. 105.
See Dennis, George.
2. The History of Etruria, 1843-44, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"The reading world will peruse Mrs. Gray's works, which are
open to all. in their native elegance, with the deepest interest." —
For. and Col. Qnar. Rev.
" A work which we strongly recommend as certain to afford
pleasure and profit to every reader." — Lmi. Athenceum.
3. Hist, of Rome for Young Persons, 1847, 2 vols. 12bio.
'' A very ingenious attempt to bring the recent discoveries of the
critical school into working competition with the miserable Gold-
smiths and Piuuocks of our youth."— Z-oti. Chris. Remtimhrancer.
'■ Even as a mere reading-book, very interesting and authentic."
— Lf>n. Gnarilinn.
" Here we have any thing but a dry detail of names, dates and
facts, such as is too often to be met within brief compilations." —
Lon. Alltentcitm.
4. Emperors of Rome, from Augustus to Constantine.
Being a Continuation of the Hist, of Rome for Young
Persons, 1850, 12mo.
"It may be recommended as a clear, rapid, and well-arranged
summary of facts, pointed by frequent but brief reflections." —
Lon. Spectator.
" A stiiking characteristic of the book is the impartiality of its
political tone and its high moral feeling." — Lon. Examiner.
Gray, Henry, Lect. on Anat. at St. George's Hospital.
1. Structure and Use of the Spleen, Lon., 1854, p. 8vo,
2. Anatomy, Descript. and Surgical, 1858, r. 8vo, pp. 782.
Gray, Horace, Jr. Reports of Cases argued and
determined in the Supreme Judicial Ct. of Massachusetts,
1854 ; Bost,, 1855-56, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Gray is the suc-
cessor, as reporter, to Judge Gushing. 2. Supp. to Revised
Statutes of Mass., 1855, vol. ii., 1855, r. Svo. See CoSH-
ING, Luther Stearns.
Gray, Hugh. Letters from Canada, 1806-08, Lon.,
1809, '14, Svo.
Gray, J. T. 1. Exercises in Logic, designed for the
use of Students in Colleges, Lon., 1845, 12mo.
"Admirably adapted to be used as a class-book, accompanied by
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the instructions of an able teacher. The eicample-s are mimerons
and well chosen. We think such a work as this was much wanted.
The plan and general execution are excellent."' — Lon. Eclectic
Review.
2. Immortality : its Real and Alleged Evidences ; 2d ed.,
184S, Svo.
'■We read this work before; we have re-perused it now with a
high Sense of its ability." — Lon. Evangelical 0iristendoin.
Gray, James. Measures of Scotland compared with
those of England : Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1754.
Gray, James. Selecta Latine, Edin., 12mo.
"We consider this to be a most useful and valuable compila-
tion, and have no hesitation in recommending it very highly to
Teachers." — Lit. and Statistical M-ig.
Gray, James. Introduction to Arithmetic ; 58th ed.,
Lon., 1850, 8vo.
Gray, James A,, Rector of Dibden, Hants. The
Earth's Antiquity in Harmony with the Mosaic Record
of Creation, Lon., 1849, '51, sm. Svo.
Gray, Mrs. James. - See Browne, Mary Anne.
Gray, Mrs. Jane !«., b. about 1800, is a daughter
of Wm. Lewers, Esq., of Castle Blayney, Ireland, (of
which town Mrs. G. is a native.) and the wife of the Rev.
John Gray, D.D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church
in Easton, Pennsylvania. Her poems, entitled Sabbath
Reminiscences, Two Hundred Years Ago, and Morn — in
imitation of Night, by James Montgomery — are among
the l^est specimens of modern poetical composition. See
Gris^old's Female Poets of America.
Gray, John. 1. Gunnery, Lon., 1731, Svo. 2. Peru-
vian or Jesuits' Bark; Phil. Trans., 1737.
Gray, John. 1. Land Measuring, Glasg., 1757, '59,
Svo. 2. Inland Navigations, Lon., 1768, Svo.
Gray, John. 1. Poems, Lon., 1770, Svo. 2. Poems,
trans, and original, Dundee, 1778, Svo.
Gray, John. Dr, Price on Civil Liberty, Lon.,
1777, Svo.
" While we allow his merit as a politician, we must condemn
his asperitv." — Lnn. M-mth. Eev.
Gray," John, LL.D. Political treatises, Lon., 1800, '02.
Gray, John. Preservation of the Teeth, Lon., 1842, ISmo.
" Interesting and useful to every medical practitioner, the heads
of families, and those who have the care of children."
Gray, John* 1. The Social System ; a Treat, on the
Principle of Exchange, Lon.. Svo. 2. Lects. on the Nature
and Use of Money, 1848, Svo.
" With the view of endeavouring to stimulate, in however slight
a degree, the existing spirit of inquiry into the validity of the
Monetary System of this Country, the Author of these Lectures
will give a Piemium of one hundred guineas to whomsoever shall
be able to produce the Best Reply to, and .before a Competent and
Impartial Tribunal to Refute, his Arguments." — Advertiseviad.
Here is a rare opportunity for political economists : we
believe that the prize is still open for competition.
Gray, John. 1. Country Attorney's Practice, &c. ;
6th ed.. Lon., 1S45. 12mo. 2. Country Solicitor's Prac-
tice; 4th ed., 1845. 12mo. 1 Jurist, 314; 3 Leg. Obs., 501.
Gray, John C. An Oration pronounced before the
Society of Phi Beta Kappa at Cambridge. August 30. 1821.
Subject — The Present Condition and Prospects of Ameri-
can Literature. See N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 478—490. 1821.
Gray, John Edward, Ph.D., head of the Nat. Hist,
department of the Brit. Museum. 2d ed. of Turton's Land
and Fresh-Water Shells of the Brit. Islands, Lon., 1849,
p. Svo. Mr. G. was associate editor (with John Richard-
son, M.D.) of the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. Ships
Erebus and Terror. 1839-43, 1844. r. 4to, and wrote Pt. 1
of the Zoology of H.M. Ship Sulphur, 1843-45, r. 4to.
For a list of his scientific papers, memoirs, &c., — about 500
in number. — we refer to the Bibliog. of Zoology and Geo-
logy. See also Eng. Cyc, Biog., vol. iii., 1856, 175.
Gray, John H. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1842, &c.
Grav, Jonathan. Hist, of the York Lunatic Asylum,
York. 1814, Svo.
Gray, Nicholas. See Grey.
Gray, Robert, D.B., 1762-1834, a native of London,
educated at Eton and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, became
Vicar of Farringdon, Berkshire ; Rector of Craike, York-
shire, 1802; removed by Bishop Earrington to the living
of Bishop Wearmouth, Durham; Preb. of Durham, 1804;
Bishop of Bristol, 1S27. His principal works are the
following: 1. Key to the Old Test, and tbe Apocrypha,
Lon., 1790, Svo ; 9th ed., Lon.. 1829. Svo. Much enlarged
and improved. 10th ed., with Percy's Key to the N. Test.,
1841. Svo. Pub. by Rivington, Lon. This is a correct
edition. There is an ed. in print without the author's
last additions.
"This is a very convenient and useful book, combining a large
portion of valuable information and discriminative learnin<;. It
was desij,aied as a companion to Percy's Key to the \ew Testa-
ment, but is much fuller than that work. Both are likely to be
superseded by the more extensive work of Mr. ITartwell Home." —
Ormt's Bill. Bib, See IIorne, Thomas Hartwell, D.D.
"Dr. Gray has dili;;ently consulted and brought together a
great mass of information from the writings of the fathers, (he
antient ecclesiastical historians, and oriji;inal authorities which
are not accessible to the generality of students. Bp. Mant and
Dr. D'Oyley have liberally availed themselves of Dr. G.'s researches
in their commentary on the Holy Scriptures." — Home's BibL Bib.
See Bishop Marsh's Lectures on Divinity.
2. Letters written during a Tour through Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy in 1791-92, 1794, Svo. 3. Ten
Discourses on Various Subjects, illustrative of the Evi-
dence, Influence, and Doctrines of Christianity, 1793,
Svo.
" Some of the subjects here selected by the author are among
those which appear to him to have been less fref|Uently consi-
dered, under this form, than their importance merits." — Pre/ace.
"Mr. Gray has well supported the previous fame acquired by
his Key to the Old Testament, and has ably elucidated some diffi-
cult points, particularly the much-controverted doctrine of the
Millennium." — British Critic.
4. Connexion between the Sacred Writings and the
Literature of the Jewish and Heathen Authors, <tc.,
1816, '19, Svo.
" This is a work of a much higher order than the former, dis-
covering profound and elegant learning, and considerable talents
for elucidating the minute and obscure allusions both of sacred
and proCine literature." — Orme's Bihl. Bib.
"Indispensably necessary to the biblical student who cannot
command access to all the classic authors." — H'lrnf^s Bihl. Brit.
An Analysis of the Connexion will be found in the
British Critic, N. S., xiii. 316.
5. Josiah and Cyrus the two great objects of Divine
Notice in the Scheme of Revelation. 1833, I2mo.
Gray, S. The Happiness of States; or, An Inquiry
concerning Population, &q., 1S15, 4to. Other works.
Gray, Samuel Frederick. 1. Arrangement of Brit.
Plants, 1821, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Elements of Pharmacy and
Materia Medica, Svo. 3. Operative Chemist, 1S23, Svo,
4. Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, by Redwood, 1847,
Svo; 2d ed., 1848.
" This is a work of great and general utility. To the practitioner
and retail druggist it must prove extremely useful; indeed, to
them it is almost indispensable." — Lon. Med. Repositorij.
Gray, Stephen. Con. on Astronomy and Nat. Philos.
to Phil. Trans., 1696, ^99, 1701, '03, '20, '31, '32, '35.
Gray, Thomas. See Guey.
Gray, Thomas, Dec. 26, 1716-July 30, 1771, the
celebrated author of the Elegy written in a Country
Church-yard, was a native of Cornhill, London, in which
city his father followed the occupation of a money-
scrivener. The latter was a man of violent passions and
brutal manners, and it was to his excellent mother that
the future poet was indebted for those opportunities of
education which he enjoyed, first at Eton School, and
subsequently (1734-38) at Peter-house, Cambridge. In
173S he returned to London, with the intention of pursu-
ing the study of the law. He was soon discouraged, how-
ever, by the diflBculties of the preliminary branches, and
not unwilling to accede to his friend Horace Walpole's
request to accompany him on a tour on the continent.
"In the study of the law," says Gray in a letter to West,
"the labour is long, and the elements dry and uninterest-
ing; nor was there ever anybody {especially those that
aftericards made a figure in it) amused, or even not dis-
gusted, at the beginning." In such a frame of mind, the
invitalion to visit the classic land of Italy, in company
with the lively Horace, must have been received with no
little delight.
In the spring of 1739 the travellers left London, and
continued together until 1741, when they parted at Reg-
gio, after many unhappy disputes, for which Walpolc,
according to his own confession, was most to blame. At
a later period of life their friendly relations were renewed
in consequence of Walpole's amicable overtures, which
were received in a proper spirit by the poet.
In September. 1741, Gray returned to London, and in
1742 took his degree at Cambridge of Bachelor of Civil
Law. His father was now dead, and he resolved to settle
permanently at Cambridge; and. with the exception of
occasional trips to Wales, Scotland, and the Lakes of
Westmoreland, and a three years' residence in London, for
convenience of access to the British Museum, be resided
in this place for the balance of his life. In 1756, in con-
sequence of the annoyance which he experienced from the
"rudeness and boisterous practical jokes of some riotous
young men in the same college building," he removed
from Peter-house, which was endeared by the acquaint-
ance of more than twenty years, to Pembroke-hall, where
now resided some of his intimate friends. In 1757 he
declined the office of Poet-Laureate, vacated by the
726
GRA
death of Gibber. In 1762 he made on unsuccessful appli-
cation for the profcFsorahip of Morlern History at Cam-
bridge, worth £400 per annum; but this post was con-
ferred upon him by the Duke of Grafton in 1768. For
this act of kindness his Grace was rewarded by Gniy's
Ode on the Installation of the Duke of Grafton to the
Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge, to which
he was elected in 1709. The duties of his professorship
were practically neglected by the new incumbent, although
he taught the languages by proxy, and contemplated the
delivery of a course of lectures, the preparation of which
was cut short by his death. On the 24th of July, 1771,
while at dinner in the college-hall, he was seized with
gout in the stomach, which proved fatal on the evening
of the 30th of the same month.
A detailed account of the literary life and literary dreams
of this ripe scholar and estimable man — his warm friend-
ships, his embarrassing sensitiveness, and the magnificent
visions of immortal labours which hannted his mind but
never saw the light — will not be expected in the narrow
limits to which we are confined. In the biographies of
Johnson, Mathias, Chalmers, Mason, Mitford, and of Henry
B,eed, — prefixed to his edit, of the Poems of Gray pub. by
Henry C. Baird. Pbila., 1850, 12rao, — and in the letters,
Ac. of Walpole, Nicholls, Forbes, Boswell. Bowles, Beattie,
and other notices of the men of the times in which the poet
lived, will be found sufficient to gratify the curiosity and
delight of the most enthusiastic of his admirers.
It now becomes our duty to lay before the reader the
opinions of a number of eminent critics upon the merits
of the principal productions of an author who must always
occupy an exalted rank among the greater poets of Eng-
land.
1. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. Written
in 1742; pub. in 1747, fol.
'•The Ode on a Dist,int Prospect of Eton College is more me-
chanical and comuionplace [tban the Elegy in a Countiy Church-
yard]; but it touches on certain strings about the heart, that
vibrate in unison with it to our latest breath. No one ever passes
by "Windsor's 'stately heights,' or sees the distant spires ot Eton
College below, without tliiukiug of Gray. He deservi'S that we
Bhould think of him; for he thought of others, aud turned a
trembling, ever- watchful ear to ' the still sad music of humanity.' "
—Ilazlitt's Lectures on the Eng. Pcets.
Of Dr. Johnson's comments on this Ode it is enough to
quote the first six lines as a specimen of the hypercriticism
in which this great writer sometimes unwarrantably in-
dulges :
" The Prospect of Eton College suggests nothing to Gray which
every other beholder does not equally think and feel. His suppli-
cation to Father Thames, to tell him who drives the hoop or tosses
the ball, is useless and puerile. Father Thames has no better
means of knowing than himself — Life of Gray.
This undignified sneer has been well rebuked by Mr.
Mitford :
*' Are we by this rule of criticism to judge the following passage
in the twentieth chapter of Rasselas? 'As they were sitting; to-
gether, the princess cast her eyes ou the river that flowed before
her: *■ Answer,"' said she. "great Fatherof Waters, thou thatrollest
thy floods through eighty nations, to the invocation of the daughter
of thy native King. Tell me. if thou waterest. through all thy
course, a single habitation from which thou dost not hear the mur-
murs of complaint?" ' "
This is an admirable specimen of the arf/nmeutitm ad
Jiomhiem. But, if Dr. Johnson has unduly appreciated this
Ode, a later authority, of no contemptible rank, has per-
haps greatly overrated it:
"Gray has. in his ode on Eton College, whether we consider the
sweetness of the versification or its delicious train of plaintive ten-
derness, rivalled every lyric effort of ancient or modern times." —
Dr. Drake: Literary Hours.
2. Ode on Spring. Written in 1742.
" His ode On Spring has something poetical, both in the language
and the thought; but the language is too luxuriant, aud the
thoughts have nothing new." — Dr. Johnson : Life of Gray.
3. Hymn to Adversity. Written in 1742.
"The hint was at first taken from '0 Diva, gratum qnie regis
Antium;' but Gray has excelled his original by the variety of his
sentiments, and by their moral application. Of this piece, at once
poetical and rational, I will not, by slight objections, violate the
dignity." — Dr. Johnson : Lift; of Gray.
4. Elegy written in a Country Church-yard. Commenced
in 1742, revised from time to time, and completed in 1749;
pub. by Dodsley in Feb. 1751. There is a tradition that
the Elegy was composed in the "precincts of the Church
of Granchester, about two miles from Cambridge ; and the
curfew is supposed to have been the great bell of St.
Mary's."
The popularity of this exquisite composition was imme-
diate and extensive. Grjiy himself tells the story in a
note on the margin of a manuscript copy of the Elegy
preserved at Cambridge among the poet's papers :
"Published in Feb. 17&1, by Dodsley, aud went thro' four edi-
726
GRA
tions in two months; and afterwards a 5th. 6th, 7th. aud 8th. 9tb,
lOth.and 11th; printed also in 1753 with Mr. Bent ley's Designs, of
wiiieb there is a lid edition, and again by Dodsley in his Miscellany,
vol. iv., aod in a ifcotch collection call'd the l/nirm, translated into
Latin by Chr. Austey, Esq., and the Kev. Mr. Roberts, and pub-
lished in 176J ; and again in the same year by Rob. Lloyd, M.A."
The reader is, of course, an ardent admirer of the Elegy,
and therefore will not be displeased to read the enthusiastic
encomiums which have been lavished upon it by critica
who have earned a right to be heard with respect:
"It is a poem which is universally understood and admired;
not only for its poetical beauties, but also, and perhaps chietly, for
its expressing sentiments in which every man thinks himself in-
terested, and which at certain times are familiar to all men." —
Dr. Beattie.
" Had Gray written nothing but his Elegy, high as he stands,!
am not sure that he would not stand higher; it is the corner-stone
of his glory. . . . Gray's Elegy pleased instantly and eternally." —
Lord Bvron.
The eulogy of General Wolfe is almost too well known
to bear repetition. The night before the attack on Quebec,
in which he lost his life, he declared to his fellow-soldiers —
"Now, gentlemen, I would rather be the author of that
poem than take Quebec."
"I know not what there is of spell in the following simple line:
'The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep;'
but no frequency of repetition can exhaust its touching charm.
This fine poem overcame even the spiteful enmity of Johnson,
and forced him to acknowledge its excellence." — HiR S. Eglrton
BftYEiGES: Imaginative BingriipJiy.
The remark — "spiteful enmity of Johnson" — is in very
bad taste, and moreover very unjust; l)ut Sir Egerton was
not the most amiable of mortals. Johnson's commendation
of the Elegy is hearty, enthusiastic, and gladly accorded:
"In the character of his Elegy I rejoice to concur with the com-
mon jeader; for by the common sense of readeis. uncorrupted with
literary prejudices, after all the refinements of sublility and the
dogmatism of learning, must be finally decided all claim to poetical
honours. The Church-yard abounds with images which find a
mirror in every mind, and with sentiments tu which every bosom
returns an echo. The four stanzas beginning 'yet even these
bones,' are to me original: I have never seen the notions in any
other place; yet he that reads them here persuades himself that
he has always felt them. Had Gray written often thus, it had
been vain to blame aud useless to praise him." — Life nf Gray.
Yet there is much truth in the remark of a modern critic*
that the Elegy owes its popularity not altogether to " the
strain of thought:"
"There is a charm in metre, as there is in music; it is of the
same kind, though the relation may be remote; and it differs less
in degree, perhaps, than one who has not an ear for poetry can be-
lieve. . . . Gray's Elegy owes much of its popularity to its strain of
verse: the strain of thought alone, natural and touching as it is,
would never have impressed it upon the hearts of thousands and
tens of thousands, unless the diction and metre in which it was
embodied had been perfectly in unison with it. Beattie ascribed
its geneial reception t<i both causes, [see above.] . . . \eilher cjiuse
would have sufficed for producing .so general and extensive and
permanent an effect, unless the poem had been, in the full import
of the word, harmonious." — Sintt}iey''s Life of Cowpa:
"Gray's Pindaric Odes are, I believe, generally given up at pre-
sent, [not so;] they are stately and pedanlic; a kind of methodical
borrowed phrensy. But 1 cannot so easily give up. nor will the
world be in any haste to part with, his Elegy in a Country Church-
yard; it is one of the most claasi'^al productions that ever was
penned by a refined and thoughtful mind moralizing on human
life. Mr. Coleridge (in his Literary Life) .says that his friend Mr.
Wordsworth had undertaken to show that the language of the
Elegy is unintelligible: it has, however, been understood!" —
HaditVs Lectures on the English I'nffs.
" Of smaller poems, the Elegy of Gray may be considered as the
most exquisite and finished example in the world of the effect
resulting from the intermixture of evening scenery and pathetic
reflection." — Drake''s Literary Hours.
This is a specimen of the censurable extravagance of
which enthusiasm is so often guilty. Had Mr. Drake
read all the poetry of this species " in the world ?" and, if
so, (of course an impossibility,) did his memory retain
it with such faithfulness as to enable him to make the
comparison with the results of wliich he favours us?
In a similar strain of hyperbole, Mr, Mathias assures
us that, as a poet. Gray is "second to none."
Such exaggeration is in very bad taste. We shall see,
before we have done with our examination of Gray's
poetry, that this is not the only instance in which Mr.
Mathias's enthusiasm has caused the critic to degenerate
into the rhapsodist.
An interesting subject connected with the Elegy is the
number of translations of it which have been made in
various languages. And here we cannot do better than
quote an extract from the biography of Gray — already
referred to — by our valued and lamented friend, the late
Professor Henry Reed:
"One peculiar and remarkable tribute to the merit of The
Elegy is to bo noticed in the great number of translations which
have been made of it info vaiious languages, both of ancient and
modern Europe. It is the same kind of tribute which has been
rendered to * Kobinsou Crusoe' aud to ' The Pilgrim's Progress,'
GRA
and is proof of the same universality of interest, transcending
the limits of language and of race. To no poem in thn English
language has the same kind of homage been paid so abundantly.
Of what other poem is there a polyglott edition? Italy aud Eng-
land have competed with their polyglott editions of * The Elegy :
Torri's, bearing the title, ' Elegia di Tomasso Gray sopra un Cimi-
tero di Campagna, tradotta dell Inglese in piii liugue. Verona,
1817; Livoruo, 1843;' and Van Voorst's London edition.
"■The fullowiug Hat of the translations will perhaps best illus-
trate this unwonted tribute to a poet's genius:
"I{ebreio,hy G. Venturi, an eminent Italian Oriental scholar,
•who in his version limited himself to use of words, and, as far as
possible, phrases, found in the Old Testament.
'^Gredc, by Professor Cooke, Cambridge, 1775 ; Dr. Norbury, Eton,
1793; Bishop Sparke, London, 1794; Dr. Coote, London, 1794; Ste-
phen Weston, London, 1794; Edward Tew, London, 1795; and
the Epitaph alone, by J. Plumtree, 1795; and the Elegy by
Cyprian io.
•■^Latin, by Robert Lloyd, 1762; "W. H. Roberts, Cambridge,
1762. and London, 1778; Signor Gio. Costa. Padua, 1772; Gilbert
Wakefield. Cambridge, 1776; Christopher Anstey, London, 1778;
Anonymous, Cambridge; S. N. E.. London, 1S24 ; W. Ililyard ; J.
H. Macauley. in the ' Arundines Cami ;' G. F. Rarbieri ; Ben del
Bene; G. Venturi.
'•Italian, by M. Cesarotti, Padua, 1772; G. Gennari, Padua,
1772; Dr- Giannini, London, 17S2; G. Torelli, Verona, 1776; D.
Trant. (prose;) M. Lastri; A. Buttura; P. Baraldi ; M. Castellazi ;
Elisabetta Sesler RonO. (prose;) M. Leoni; L. Mancini; Cavaz-
zoca B. Gregori, Rome, 1821.
^^Fortuguesc, by Boulai-d.
^'French, bv De Berch&re, Hookham, 1778 ; L. D. Chatham, 1806 ;
Anonymous,"( prose,) Paris, ' an vi. ;' LeTourneur, Dubois, Cabanis,
Ch^nier, Fayolle, Kerivalant, Gr^nus, Charrin, Le Mi^rre, Vil-
leneuve, Eoutanes, Chateaubriand.
'■'German, by Gotter, Gotha, 1788; Seume, Riga, 1801; Kose-
garteu. 1798; Mason; MUller; Ruphrecht.
" This list is compiled from several authorities, but chiefly from
an arti.le selected from a German miscellany for 'The Literary
World,' New York. Oct. 1849; and from several communications
to that novel and useful periodical, ' Notes and Queries,' London,
1850."
An interesting account of the sale of the Libr.ary of
Gray (27th Nov., 1845) will be found in the Gentleman's
Magazine for January, 1S46, 29-33. From another
authority we quote a graphic description of the sale of
the original mauu.-^cript of the Elegy :
"The origiu.al manuscript of Gray's Elegy was lately sold at
auction in London. There was really ' a scene' in the auction-
room. Imagine a stranger entering in the midst of a sale of some
rusty-looking old ixioks. The auctioneer produces hvo svtaU half-
sheets of paper, written over, torn, and mutilated. lie calls it ' a
most interesting article,' and apologizes for its condition. Picker-
ing bids ten pounds! Rodd, Eoss. Thorpe, Bohn. Ilolloway, and
some few amateurs quietly remark, twelve, fifteen, twenty, twenty-
five, thirty, and so on, till there is a pause at sixty-three pounds!
The hammer strikes. * Hold !' says Mr. Foss. ' It is mme,' says
the amateur. 'No, I bid sixty-five in time.' 'Then I bid seventy.'
* Seventy- five,' says Mr. Foss; and fives are repeated again, until
the two "bits of paper are knocked down, amidst a general cheer, to
Payne & Foss, for one hundred pounds sterling! On these bits of
paper are written the first drafts of the Elegy in a Country Church-
yard, by Thomas Gray, including five verses which were omitted
in publication, and with the poet's interlinear corrections and
alterations,— certainly an 'interesting article;' .'several persons
supposed it would call for a ten-pound note, perhaps even twenty.
A single volume, with ' W. Shakspeare' in the tiy-leaf. produced,
sixty years ago, a hundred guineas; but probably, with that ex-
ception, no mere autograph, and no single sheet of paper, ever
produced the sum of fve hundred dtMars!"
The purchaser of this precious MS. was Mr. Penn, of
Stoke Pogis, who also purchased the MS. of The Long
Story, for £45. The MS. of the Elegy was sold in Au-
gust, 1854, to Mr. Wrightson, of Birmingham, for £131.
See Gent. Mag. for Sept. 1^54, 272. At this sale the en-
tire collection of Gray MSS. sold for £418 7«. See also
the London Athenceum, 1854, 941, 6yi3.
5. The Alliance of Education and Government: an un-
finished ethical poem of 107 lines; commenced in 1748.
The first fifty-seven lines of this poem were transmitted
by Gray to Dr. AVharton :
"I fill my paper with the beginning of an essay; what name to
give it I know not; but the subject is the Alliance of Education
and Government: I mean to show that they must both concur
to produce great and useful men."
Of this poem Dr. Johnson remarks
"The fragments which remain have many excellent lines." —
Life of Gray.
But these "excellent lines" elicited a warmer com-
mendation from the historian of the Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire :
" Instead of couipiling tables of chronology and natural history,
why did not Mr. Gray apply the powers of his genius to finish the
philosophic poem of which he has left such an exquisite speci-
men?"'
Mr. Nicholls put the same question to Gray himself,
and the poet gave a prompt and frank response to the
query: see NichuUs's Reminiscences of Gray.
6. Ode to Vicissitude. The fragment to which this title
was given was written in 1754.
" Sir Egerton Bi-ydges, through whose multifarious works there
GRA
is scattered much fine appreciation of both the strength and the
weakness of Gray's character, has spoken of this poem as the
'sublime lyrical fragment on Vicissitude,' ' in which' (he adds) 'I
do not hesitate to pronounce the following stanza among the most
perfect specimens which the poetry of any country can produce :
'Yesterday the sullen year
Saw the snowy whirlwind fiy;
Mute was the music of the air;
The herd stood drooping by :
Their raptures now that wildly flow,
No yesterday nor morrow know ;
'Tisman alone that jny descries
With forward aud reverted eyes.' *'
Henry IU-ed: Memoir of Gray.
7. The Progress of Poesy : a Pindaric Ode. Completed
in 1755. 8. The Bard ; a Pindaric Ode. Commenced in
1755. Both 7 and S were printed at the Strawberry-Hill
Press, by Horace Walpole, in 1757, 4to.
"1 found Gray in town last week. He brought his two odes to
be printed. I s'natched them out of Dodsley's hands, and they
are to be the first-fruits of my press."— Walpole.
The Pindaric Odes were not popular: they were neg-
lected by the public and laughed at by the wits,— nay,
openly burlesqued by George Culman the elder, and
Robert Lloyd, in the odes To Obscurity aud To Oblivion,—
the first intended for Gray and the second for Mason :
" Little did the two wits think how .small, in comparison with
Gray, they would appear in the eyes of posterity; and that The
Bard, which was then neglected by the public, would, in the
course of the next generation, become the most popular ode in the
English language."— SouTHEY ; Lifeof Comper.
But Culman, in his Miscellaneous Works, pub. in 1787,
amply vindicates Lloyd and himself against the charge
of ill-nature.
The best proof of their want of adaptation to the publio
comprehension and taste is the fact of their general neglect.
Dr. Johnson describes them as
" Two compositions at which the readers of poetry were at first
content to gaze in mute amazement. Some that tried them con-
fessed their inability to understand them, though Warburton
said that they were understood as well as the works of Milton and
Shakspeare, which it is the fashion to admire. Garrick wrote a
few lines in their praise. Some hardy champions undertook to
rescue them from neslect ; and in a short time many were content
to be shown beauties which they could not see." — Life of Gray.
Read the whole of this critique.
Walpole admired the Odes greatly, but admitted their
unpopularity:
*' ' You are very particular.' he remarks toMontague, *in liking
Gray's Odes ; but you must remember the age likes Akenside aud
did like Thompson! Can the same people like both?'"
Mr. Forster thinks that Walpole's admiration was rather
extravagant:
" Two noble productions, it must surely be admitted, whatever
of cavil can be urged against them: though not to be admired as
Walpole admired." — Life of Goldsmith.
Gray himself draws an amusing picture of the publio
distaste :
" Even my friends tell me they (the Odes) do not succeed, and
write me moving topics of consolation on that head. In short, I
have heard of nobody but an actor [Garrick] and a doctor of
divinity [Waiburton] that profess their esteem for them. Oh yes I
a lady of quality, t^a friend of Mason's,) who is a great reader. She
knew there was a compliment to Dryden, but never suspected
there was any thing said about Shakspeare or Milton, till it was
explained to her, and wishes that there had been titles prefixed
to 1*^11 what they were about."— ie^^r to Mr. Hurd, afterwards
Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.
Forster remarks that Gray might have added to the
admirers of the Odes "the poor monthly critic of The
Dunciad."
The "poor monthly critic" thus referred to was no less
a person than Oliver Goldsmith, then a hack-writer for
Griffith. See our life of Goldsmith, in this volume.
The original review lies before us now, and we would
fain quote from it copiously, to show both the merits of
the reviewer and his hearty and intelligent appreciation
of his author. As for us, we never read six lines of Gold-
smith— either his poetry or his prose — without finding our
rather familiar fondness for the man awed into admiring
respect for the writer. AVhere, excepting in the epigram-
matic conciseness which distinguishes some of his descrip-
tions of national characteristics in his poem of The Tra-
veller, shall we find so exquisite and faithful a miniature
of a whole people as in the following lines?
'•He speaks to a people not easily impressed with new ideas,
extremely tenacious of the old; with difficulty warmed, and as
slowly cwling again. How unsuited then to our national cha-
racter is that species of poetry which rises upon us with unex-
pected flights 1 where we must hastily catch the thought, or it
flies from' us; and, in short, where the Reader must largely par-
take of the Poet's enthusiasm in order to taste of his beauties." —
Heriem of Odes by Mr. Gray, Lon. Month. Jiev., xvii. 239-243; Sept.
17 o7.
The critic proceeds to declare that certain passages of
The Bard, which he cites,
"Will give as much pleasure to those who relish this species of
727
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composition as any thing that has hitherto appeared in our lan-
gua^ie, the odes of Dryden himself not excepted."
••His Odes did not, nor yet do they, please like his Elegy."—.
Lord Byron.
We have already quoted with di.«sent a disparaging
comment on the Odes, by Hazlitt, and promised to quote
a eulogy, from the estravagance of which we also dissent,
by Mr. Mathias:
"There is not another ode in the English language which is
constructed like these two compositions; with such power, such
majesty, and such sweetness, with such proportioned pauses and
just cadences, with such regulated measures of the verse, with
such master-principles of lyrical art displayed and exemplified,
and, at the same time, with such a concealment of the ditficulty.
which is lost in the softness and uninterrupted tlowing of the
lines in each stanza, with such a musical magic that every verse
in it in succession dwells on the ear and harmonizes with that
which has j^one before."
Much of the above, considered as description, is undoubt-
edly true: perhaps all of it is true: but this lavish use of
superlatives which has, unfortunately for the interests of
legitimate criticism, become so common — this *' best in the
language,"—" the best in any language/'—** unrivalled,"—
"unsurpassed"— is our special aversion. It is generally
if'norance and vulgarity, always arrogance and bad taste.
No writer is "the best," no woman "the handsomest," no
man "the wittiest." no gallant "the most polite:" or, if
BO in fact, it can never be established by demonstration.
9. Ode on the Installiition of the Duke of Orafton to the
Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge. Written
in 1769. Pub. 1769, 4to.
"I thought myself bound in gratitude to his grace, unasked, to
take upon me the task of writing these verses, which are usually
set to music, on this occasion. I do not think them worth sending
you, because thev are by nature doomed tu live but a single day;
or, if their existence is prolonged beyond th.at date, it is only by
means of newspajier parodies and witless criticisms. This sort of
abuse I had reason to expect, but did not think it worth while to
avoid." — Gray to lieaUie.
This Ode has also been rewarded by the praises of critics
of no ordinary authority. Mr. Hallam dwells with pleasure
npon
**That beautiful stanza where he has made the founders of
Cambridge to pass before our eyes like shadows over a magic
glass." — Omslit. ///.«.(. of Eng.
" I think there is something very majestic in Gray's Installation
Ode." —Coleridge.
10. Letters of Gray, written at various times to West,
Walpole, Wharton, Mason, Nicholls, and Bonstetten.
These comprise all of his letters, with the exception of
about twenty. They are his chief prose compositions,
and certainly support the theory that the best poets are
also the best writers of prose.
*■ I once thought .Swifts letters the best that could be written,
but I like Orays better. Ilis humour, or his wit, or whatever it
is to be called, is never ill-natured or offensive, and yet, 1 think,
equally poignant with the Dean's."— Cowper.
" He that reads his epistolary narration wishes that to travel
and to tell his travels had been more of his employment; but it
is by studying at home that we must obtain the ability of travel-
ling' with intelligence and improvement."— I>R. JuHnson : Life of
Gray.
" I am acquainted with manv parts of your excursion through
the north of England, and very glad that you had my old friend
Mr. Gray's Letters with you. which are iudeed .so well written
that I have no scruple to pronounce them the best letters that
have been printed in our language. Lady Montagu's are not
without merit, but^ire too artificial and affected to be confided in
as true, and Lord Chesterfields have much greater faults,— indeed,
some of the greatest that letters can have: but Gray's letters are
always sensible, and of classical conciseness and perspicuity.
They very much resemble what his conversation was." — Da.
Beattie : Letter to a Friend.
"Ilis letters are inimitiibly fine. If his poems are sometimes
finical and pedantic, his prose is quite free from affectation.
He pours his thoughts out upon paper as they arise in his mind;
and they arise in his mind without pretence or constraint, from
the pure impulse of learned leisure aud contemplative indolence.
He is not here on stilts or on buckram, but smiles in his easy-chair
as he moralizes through the loopholes of his retreat on the hustle
and raree-show of the world, or • those reverend bedlams— colleges
and schools.' He had nothing to do but to read and think, aud to
tell his friends what he read and thought. His life was a luxu-
rious, thoughtful dream."— IlAZLiTT : Lectures on the English Poets.
When there is so much to be done in this world, so
much ignorance to be instructed, error to be rectified, vice
to be reformed, and impiety to be extirpated and misery
to be consoled, we envy not that man who has no better
record to meet him on the Groat Day than that "his life
■was a luxurious, thoughtful dream."
But to continue our quotations respecting Gray's Letters :
"Delightful indeed are these Letters: evincing the taste of a
Tirtuoso. the attainments of a scholar,and the gaiety of a classical
wit." — Dini>lN: Lib. Comp.
" Read Gray's letters od his Tour to the Lakes. He saw little.
and that little hastily: but what he did see he sketched with the
pen inimitably. The touches with which he occasionally gives
life and spirit to the delineation are exquisite. Yet in Gray's
728
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prose, as in his verse, there is something affected; and his wit,
though very refined and pure, has the air of being forced. The
description of the sunrise (Let. tJj is iucomparably fine."— Green :
Biary of a Litvtir of Lit.
Having thus noticed the principal productions of Gray,
we presume that the reader will be gratified by some quo-
tations respecting the general characteristics of an author
so justly distinguished in the Republic of Letters.
" Perhaps he was the most learned man in Euiope. He was
equally acquainted with the elegant and profound parts of science,
and that not superficially, but thoroughly. He knew every branch
of history, both natural and civil ; had read all the original histo-
rians of England. France, and Italy ; and was a great antiquarian.
Criticism, metaphysics, morals, politics, made a principal part of
his study; voyages and travels of all sorts were his favourite
amusements; "and he had a fine taste in painting, prints, archi-
tecture, and gardening."— Rev. Wm. Temple: Letier to Janies Bos-
weU.
The grandiloquent phrase — "the most learned man in
Europe" — is very observable. What were Mr. Temple's
opportunities and capacity for gauging all the learning
of all Eurupe? But upon this fault of exaggeration we
have already descanted at length, here and elsewhere, in
the present volume.
Gray undoubtedly possessed some knowledge of archi-
tecture. In our article on Edward Bentham we have
taken occasion to correct an error respecting Gray's sup-
posed share iu the History of Ely Cathedral.
"I am sorry you did not see Mr. Gray on his return. Yon
would harve been much pleased with him. Setting aside his merit
as a poet, which, however, in my opinion, is greater than any of
his contemporaries can boast, in this or any other nation, I found
him possessed of the most exact taste, the soundest judgment,
and most ext.ensive learning."— Dr. Beattie: Letter to a Fnend.
"What has occurred to me from the slight inspection of his
Letters in which my undertaking has engaged me is, that his mind
had a large grasp; that his curiosity was unlimited and his judg-
ment cultivated; that he was a man likely to love muih where he
loved at all, but that he was fastidious and hard to please. His
contempt, however, is often employed, where I hope it will be ap-
proved, upon scepticism and infidelity. ... He has a kind of strut-
ting dignity, and is tall by walking on tiptoe. His art and his
eti-uggle are too visible, aud there is too little appearance of ease
and nature.
"To say that he has no beauties would be unjust: a man like
him, of great learning and great industry, could not but produce
something valuable. When he pleases least, it can only be said
that a good design was ill directed. His translations of Northern
and Welsh i'oetry deserve praise; the imagery is preserved, per-
haps often improved; but the language is unlike the language of
other poets." — Dr. Johnson : Life of Gray.
The "fastidiousness" and effeminacy of the poet would
appear to have formed prominent points in bis character:
"There is no character without some speck, some imperfection;
and 1 think the greatest defect in his was an affectation in delicacy,
or rather effeminacy, and a visible fastidiousness, or contempt and
disdain of his inferiors in science."- Kev. William Temple : Letter
to James Boswell.
"His faculties were endowed with uncommon strength; he
thought with a manly nervousness; and he penetrated forcibly
into every subject which engaged his attention. But his petty
manners were disagreeably effeminate and fastidious; his habits
wanted courage and hardiness; and his temper and spirits were a
prey to feebleness, indolence, and trivial derangements. His heart
was pure; and his conduct, I firmly believe, stained with no crime.
He loved virtue for its own sake, and felt a just and never-slack-
ened indignation at vice. But the little irritations of his daily
temper were too much affected by trifles; he loved to assume the
character of the fine gentleman, — a mean and odious ambition in
any one. but scarcely to be forgiven in a man of genius! Ha
would shrug his .shoulders and distort his voice into fastidious
tones, and take upon himself the airs of what folly is pleased to
call hi'ih company:'— &IR ^^. Egerton Brydges : Traits in the Literary
CftardcUr of Gray the I'bet: Oiis. Lit., ed. 1815, viii. 21(i-2-21. q. v.
But Mason remarks in Gray's defence that his effemi-
nacy was affected most
" Before those whom he did not wish to please; and that he is
unjustly charged with making knowledge his sole reason of pre-
ference, as he paid his esteem to none whom he did not likewise
believe to be good." . , , ..
"There has always appeared to me an effort and elaboration in
Gray's compositions very remote from the general spirit of poetical
effusion. They are exquisite pieces of mosaic, curiously wrought,
of the rarest precious gems; but in which we vainly look for the
bold design, free handling, and glowing excelleucies of a great
painter." — Green: Diary of a Lover of Lit.
As regards the success of Gray in his efforts to imitate
the poetry of the classical age, there can be but little room
for debate : that this success has been unduly exnggerated
is no matter of surprise. Indiscriminate eulogy is treason
to the object of our adoration; and had Gray's friends
been less fervid Dr. Johnson had been less frigid.
Mason could not well have said more when he announced,
as a dictttm of undoubted truth,
"No more the Grecian Muse unrivall'd reigns;
To Britain let the nations homage pay :
She boasts a Homer's fire in Milton's strains,
A Pindar's rapture in the Lyre of Gray."
Perhaps there will be thought to be something of eiag-
GRA
GRA
geration in the glowing eulogy of an eminent authority of
our own diiy :
"Gray, whose burning thoughts had been condensed in words
of more tbau classic beauty." — Sir Aechibald Auson : Hist, of
Europe.
Probably some modern Akenside, devoted to the worship
of the ancients, would write on the margin of this dictum,
dele " Juore than."
Certain it is that, notwithstanding the vehement protests
of Gray's modern admirers, the reputation of their favour-
ite's Pindaric Odes received a fatal bluw on the day when
Johnson's Lives of the English Poets were given to the
world. To quote the words of a modern critic of great
taste and refinement,
"The Lyrioal crown of Gray was swept away at one fell swoop by
the ruthless arm of Dr. Johnson. That the Doctor's celebrated
critiiiue was unduly severe must be admitted; but the stern cen-
sor had truth on his side, nevertheless. There is more of Art than
Nature in Gi-ay; more of recollection than invention; more of
acquirement than genius. If 1 may use a colloquial illustration,
I should say that the marks of the tool are too evident on all that
he does." — Nenle's Lectures on Entjlish Poetry.
Lord Jeffrey, in a review of Weber's edition of Ford's
Works," — see our biography of Ford, — remarks:
"After Young there was a plentiful lack of poetical talent, down
to a period comparatively recent. Akenside and Gray, indeed, iu
the interval, discovered a new way of imitating the antients; and
CollinsandGoldsmith produced some small specimens of exquisite
and original poetry." — ii/rn. Bev., xviii. 2S2.
But it was not alone the poets of classical antiquity
which engnged the studious attention of Gray. Philoso-
phy, also, had its claims acknowledged by him. His com-
ments on Plato elicited the ardent admiration of no less a
scholar than Dr. Parr:
" When I read the poet Gray's observations on Plato, published
by Mr. Mathias. my first impulse was to exclaim, ' Why did not
I write thisf Gray alone possesses the meiit of avoidiog the
errors into which other commentators have fallen; there are no
fine-spuu observations— no metaphysical absurdities— in Gray." —
Ftdd's Life of Parr.
But we must not further lengthen a long article. It is
time that we bad noticed some of the editions of an author
who has now — not unpleasantly, we trust — so long engaged
the attention of our reader.
1. Ode to Eton College, Lon., 1747, fol. 2. Elegy written
in a Country Church-yard, 1751. The translations of this
Elegy into other languages have already been considered
at length. Of the many beautiful illustrated edits, we
may be permitted to notice that of Van Voorst, of London,
with 33 Illustrations, 1839, 8vo ; (Mr. Van V. has also pub.—
in 1S37, Svo — an edit, of The Bard, with Illustrations from
drawings by the Hon. Mrs. J. Talbot;) the edit, illustrated
by the London Etching Club, 1S47, fol.; the one illumi-
nated by Owen Jones, 1846, r. Svo ; and the edit, illustrated
by Biiket Foster and others. 1853, cr. Svo; 2d ed., 1854.
3. Poems, with designs by R. Bentley, 1753, r. 4to. These
designs were executed at the suggestion of Horace Wal-
pole, by his friend Richard Bentley: see the name in this
Dictionary. Gray repaid the compliment by his Stanzas
to Mr. Bentley. 4. Odes. Printed at Strawberry Hill,
1757, 4to. 1000 copies. 5. Poems, Lon., 176S, 12mo.
6. Ode at the Installation of the Duke of Grafton, Cam-
bridge, 1769, 4to. 7. Poems, Dubl., 1771, 4to. This beau-
tiful edit, was
"Published to remove the reproaches which Ireland has long
laboured under for bad priotinc." — Tfinmas Ewing's (the printer)
d^diCi'ti'm. to the Rt. Hon. Sam. Oliver, Esq.
S. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by
W. Mason, York, 1775, 4to ; 1778, 4 vols. cr. Svo; Lon.,
1789, 4to. Also pub, in 2 vols. Svo, 2 vols. p. Svo, and
1807, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Reluctant indeed should I be to dismiss these pages to the
world without not only the mention, but the strong recommen-
dation, of Mason's Life of Gray, 1775. 4to, with a portrait of that
eminent poet prefixed. I should rather perhaps call this book
Gray's Memoir of Himself, as the biography is composed chiefly of
the poet's own letters. . . . The neatest and best edition of Mason
is that printed in 1778, at York, in 4 vols, crown Svo, worth about
24s.; but of all the portraits of Gray, I consider that prefixed to
the quarto as decidedly the besf."~Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
'•The taste, the zeal, the congenial spirit of Mr. Mason certainly
produced, though with some faults, arising principally from want
of erudition, one of the most elegant and classical volumes in the
English language." — Lon. Qiuir. I^ev., xi. 3U4.
9, Poems, 1775, fol. 10. Latin Odes in English Verse,
&c., 1776. 4to. 11. Poetical Works, with Notes by Gilbert
Wakefield, 1786, Svo.
" Looked through Wakefield's Notes on Gray's Poems. Ilis style
is wonderfully luxui iant. and he seems perfectly to enter into and
feel the spirit of the poet whom he criticises.' The fertility too
with which he discovers similitudes is marvellniis; but if Johnson
is penurious in his praise of Gray, Gilbert ^\■akefield, I think, is
lavish Against Johnson, Wakefield is severe, even to virulence;
and there is a sentiment at the close of the annotations on the Bard,
at which I revolt with disgust: 'If at any time we feel ourselves
dazzled by Dr. Johnson's bright and diffusive powers of undei^
standing, we may turn for relief to his criticisms on Gray, his
Prayers, and Meditations.'"— Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit.
12. Poetical Works, Glasg., 1787, fol. U. The Travel-
ler's Companion in a Tuur through England and Wales,
Lon., 1787, 12mo. Supp., 1787, 12mo. New ed., 17'J9,
12mo. This catalogue was originally written by Gray on
the blank leaves of Kitchiu'a Euglish Atlas. 14, Poems,
Parma. 1793, 4to. Printed by Budini. 200 copies. Large
paper, 100 copies. 15. Poems, 1800, 8vu. 16. English and
Latin Poems, with Critical Notes and a Life uf the Author,
Achy the Rev. John Mitiord, Lou., 1814, Svu; 1816,2
vols. 4to. Also pub. in 2 vols. Svo.
"From the Advertisement, p. 40, the reader is informed of the
chief causes which render this edition so de-Mrable to a genuine
lover of Gray's high intellectual character: the great importance
however which the editor attaches to this volume is, that it enables
the public for the first time to read the genuine and uncorrupted
correspondence of Gray, exactly in his own language and printed
from his own Manuscripts." — Dibdin's Lib. Oniip.
Of Mitford's edit, and edits, with Mitford's Life, there
have been several issues, 1816, 2 vols. 4to; also pub. in 2
vols. Svo; illustrated and edited, with introductory stanzas,
by John Moultrie. Eton, 1845, Svo; 2d ed., 1S47, Svo; ;id
ed., 1851, Svo ; 4th ed., 1853, Svo. Pickering's edit., 1835-
43, 5 vols. fp. Svo. A list of contents will be found at the
end of this article. 17. Works, with Extracts, Philological,
Poetical, and Critical, by T. J. Mathias, 1814, 2 vols. r. 4to.
This edit, contains the Poems, Letters, and the Memoirs
by Wm. Mason.
'* A magnificent edition of Gray's Works, which derives so large
a share of its value from the tast«, learning, sagacity, and moral
principles Of an editor peculiarly qualified to do justice to the
merits of such a scholar and such a poet as Mr. Gray." — Dr. Parr's
Wdl.
"Of the qualifications which pointed out Mr. Mathias as the
editor of the present Extracts. Philological, Poetical, and Critical,
it is impossible to think or speak otherwise than with sincere
respect. His spirit is congenial with that of his author, his admi-
ration, though he professes 'nunquam vidisse Virgilium,' not in-
ferior to that of personal friendship." — Lon. Quar. Jiev., xi. 304-
318. q. j7.
'' As a poet, the warmest of Mr. Gray's admirers may safely trust
him with Fate; viewing him as an amiable and irreproachable pri-
vate character, we may be contented to take his portrait sketched
by the hand of friendship in 5Ir. Mason's account of him; but. lor
a delineation of him with all the mastery of taleut. not only as a
prodigy of learning but as that most exalted character, a Platouist
made perfect by Revelation, the world is indebted to Mr. Mathias."
Lon. Month. Bev., Ixxviii. 3S4-3S7, q. v.
Dr. Dibdin does not speak so enthusiastically of this
edition :
" The more recent edition of the works of Gray, by 3fr. Mathias,
in two widely-spread quartos, (concerning which read the Quarterly
I!eviei€, vol. xi., p, 304.) sunk with the weight of lead upon the
market. Huge as is the ordinary size of these tooies — and little
calculated as were the works of Gray for such a ponderous super-
structure—there are yet large paper Copies! ! at a price which at
first appalled the timid, and startled the rich, [£12 V2s.: the copies
of ' the ordinary size' were pub. at £7 7s.] The prices, however,
both of the small and large paper, are niaferially abated [in 1824-
251 . . . and I prophesy . . . but — * hence.' Mairi xaxwi/ ! — methinks
I hear one of the Syndics of the Cambridge UuiverMij Press ex-
claim. Yet, note well : An edition of the Pursuits of Literature ^as
struck oCF. on paper of the same size, in both forms; as if Thomas
.Tames JIathias had been the principal author of this latter work!
What will be the verdict of posterity '("' — Lib. Comj).
The " verdict of posterity" is no secret. IS. Letters, edited
by Rev. J. Mitford, Svo. 19. Criticisms on Gray's Elegy,
Svo. 20. Life of Gray, by Mason, 24mo. 21. Poems, 32mo.
22. Poems, with Memoir by Mitford, 24mo. 23. Poems,
with Westall's Designs, 16mo. 24. Addit. Notes to the
Corresp. of Gray and Mann, IS55, Svo. The edit, of Gray's
Poems pub. by Mr. H.C.Baird, Phila., 1850, sm. Svo, already
referred to. and that pub. by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co.,
Boston, 1854, ISmo, deserve warm commendation. We pro-
mised to give a list of the contents of Pickering's edit, of
Gray's Works, edited by Mitford, Lon., 1835, "43, fp. Svo.
Vol. I. Life by Mitford ; Poems. II. Essay on the Poetry
of Gray; Letters, III. Letters. IV. Letters: Journal of
Tour in Italy. V. Mathias's Letter on the death of
Nicholls; Reminiscencesof Gray, by Nicholls; Correspond-
ence of Gray with Nicholls; Correspondence of Brown
and Nicholls relative to Gray; Letters of Nicholls; Notes
by Mitford; Gray's Notes on Walpole's Lives of the
Painters ; Extracts from a poem on the letters of the alpha-
bet; Observations on English Metre, Pseudo-Rhythm, Use
of Rhyme, and on the Poems of Lydgate.
Gray, Walter. Almanacke, Lon., 15S7, Svo.
Gray, Walter. Expedition to Scheldt, 1810.
Gray, Rev. Wm. On Confirmation, Lon., 1S48, 12mo.
Gray, Mm. Survey of Newcastle, &c., Lon., 1649, 4to.
Gray, Wm. Sketch of the Original English Prose
Literature, Oxf., 1S35, Svo.
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Voyage of Discovery
Gray, Wm., and Dochard
in Africa, 1S18-21, Lon., 8vo.
Graydon, Alexander, 1752-1S18, a native of Bris-
tol, Pennsylvania, a soliiier in tlie Revolutionary War,
was the author of Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in
Pennsylvania, within the last Sixty Years; with Occa-
sional Keniarks upon the General Occurrences. Character,
and Spirit of that Eventful Period, Harrishurg, 1811.
Reprinted in London. This vol. was rcpub. in Edinburgh,
1822, by John Gait, with a dedication to Richard Hush,
Esq., American Minister at London. Mr. Gait remarks
in his dedication that
" It is i-emarkaVjle that a production so rich in the vanous ex-
cellencies of style. d>-scription, and impartiality, should not have
been known ih this cnuntiy, especially as it is perhaps the best
person.al nairative which has yet appeared relatrve to the history
of that great contliit which terminated in establishing the inde-
pendence of the United States."
The London Quarterly Review gives an amusing re-
view of this work, and, referring to Mr. Gait's eulogy,
remarks : , , . i , »v .r
" He now appears as the editor and eulogist of these Memoirs,
■which— notwithstanding his high and solemn praise, both of then-
matter and uiaunor— we venture to pronounce to be iu matter
almost worthless, and in manner wholly contemptible. . . . We
scarcely remember to have met with an emptier pretender to
literature, or a grosser apostate in politics. . . . \\ecan honestly
assure Mr. Gait — without overrating his talents aud taste in the
least^that he is himself capable of actdiiig a thousand times
more luslrc to the English luriffuage than the author of such an
absurd farrago as he has here thought proper to reprint."— xxvi.
364-374.
A new ed. of this work, rearranged, with biographical
and historical notes, and an index, was pub. by Mr. John
Stockton Littell, of Germantown, in 1846, Phila., 8vo.
pp. 604.
Mr. Graydon was a contributor to the literary and poli-
tical journals of the day. A number of his essays, very
popular at the time, will be found in the Phila. Portfolio,
under the title of Notes of a Desultory Reader. In these
papers he communicates to the public his opinions respect-
ing his favourite authors.
Graydon, Kev. George. Fish ; Trans. Irish Acad.,
1794.
Graydon, Wm., of Pennsylvania. 1. Digest of the
Laws of the U. Stales, Ac, Harrisburg, 1803, Svo; Lon.,
1803, Svo; Appendix, Harrisburg, 1813, Svo. 2. Justice
and Constable's Assist., Phila., 1820, Svo. 3. Forms of
Conveyancing, and of Practice in the various Courts and
Public Offices. New ed., by Robert E. Wright, 1S45, Svo.
Fourth ed.
"The previous editions have been for the last forty years the
ready and coustaut guide*book of the professional man as well as
of the citizen, in all cases in which a sate and couvenient Form-
Book was needed ; and it is only necessary to remark that the
labours of Mr. Wright, in bringing it down to the present period,
have been faithfully and judiciously executed."— I'BED. C.
Brightly.
"We are glad to see this favourite book in a new and much
improved edition." — Anur. Law R<g., Jan. 1853.
Grayhurst, Thomas, supposed to be a fictitious
name. Remarks rel. to the Trial of Lord Grosvenor,
Lon., 1770, Svo.
Grayson, E. Standish the Puritan, N. York, 1850,
12mo. 2. Overing ; or, the Heir of Wycherly, 1S62, ]2mo.
Grayson, V. VV. Vice Unmasked, an Essay ; being
a consideration of the Influence of Law upon the Moral
Essence of JIan. Ac, N. York, 1830, Svo.
Grayson, Wm. J., b. 1788. in Beaufort, S. Caro-
lina, has been a member of the U. States Congress, and
held many important public posts. 1. Letter to Gover-
nor Seabrook. This is against disunion of the U. States.
2. The Hireling and the Slave ; a didactic poem, 1854. In
this poem we find a comparison drawn between the con-
dition of the negro slave and the pauper labourer of
Europe. Mr. G. displays poetical powers of no ordinary
stamp.
Graystands, Robert de. See Wharton's Anglia
Sacra, i. 6S9.
Greated, Timothy. Essay on Friendship, Lon.,
1726, Svo.
Greathead, Henry. Invention, Ac. of the Life-
•Boat, Lon., 1SU4. Svo.
Greatheed, Bertie, d. 1804, an amateur artist, was
one of the contributors to the Florence Miscellany ridi-
culed by Wm. Giftord (7. v.) in his Baviad. (iift'ord styles
Greatheed the " deep-mouthed Theban." 1. Essay on the
Right of Comiiiest, Florence, 17S3, 4to. 2. The Regent;
a Tragedv, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Greatheed, Samuel. Sernis. 1800, 'OS, both Svo.
Greatorex, Thomas, 1758-1831, a musical 00m-
730
GRE
poser contributed a paper on measuring mountains by
the b.arometer, to Phil. Trans., pub. a composition on
Psi.'-m Tunes, Ac, and left some MS. papers on chemistry
and botany. See Lon. Gent. Mag.. Sept. 1831.
Grcatrakes, Valentine, b. 1628, a noted empiric,
pub. Account of his great and strange Cures, in a Letter
from himself to the Hon. Robt. Boyle, Esq., Lon., 1666,
4to. See Biog. Brit., in art. Stubbe ; Harris's Ware's Hist.
of Ireland; Account, Ac, 1066.
Greaves, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 16S0, a native of
Surrey, physician-in-ordinary to K. Ch.arles II., was a
brother of John Greaves. 1. Morbus Epidemicus ann.
1643, Oxf , 1043, 4to. 2. Oratio, Ac, Lon., 1667, 4to.
Greaves, John, 1602-1652, brother to the preceding,
an eminent mathematician aud antiquary, a native of Col-
more, near Alresford, in Hampshire, educated at Balliol
Coll., Oxf., became Geometry Lecturer in Gresham Coll.,
and subsequently Savilian Prof, of Astronomy at Oxford.
His best-known works are— 1. Pyramidologia ; or, a De-
scription of the Pyramids of Egypt, Lon., 1646, Svo. In
French, 1663, fob; and see Churchill's Voyages, 11. 689,
1708. 2. A Discourse on the Roman Fort and Denarius,
Lon., 1647, Svo; and see Churchill's Voyages, ii. 737,
1708. 3. Elementa Lingua! Persica;, 1649, 4to. 4. Miscel-
laneous Works : with Hist, and Crit. Account of his Life
and Writings, 1737, 2 vols. Svo.
" lie w as a person in great val ue, and much respected by learned
men, particularly by Selden. who, had our author lived, would
have left to him part of his wealth."— .-ICicti. Ozon.
See Smith's Vita quorundam crudit. virorum; Athen.
0.\on.; Gen. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. ; Usher's Life and Letters;
Life by Dr. Birch ; Ward's Gresh.am Professors.
Greaves, John. Essays for Sabbath Reading. New
ed., Lon., 1848. 12mo. „ r ^
" Cannot easily be read without profit at any time. — ion.HeJ-
Uy Method. Mug.
Greaves, Jonathan. Philosophic Mouse : Philos.
Subjects for the young. Lon., 1815, Svo.
Greaves, Thomas. Songs of Sundrie Kindes, 1604.
Greaves, Thomas, D.D., d. 1676, brother to John
Greaves, Prcb. of Peterborough, and Rector of Benefield.
1. De Linguae Arabica;, Ac, Oxf., 1637, 4to. 2. Observa-
tioncs in Persicam Pentatenchi Versionem, Ac \ide
Bib. Polyglot., torn. vi. Also trans, into Latin by Samuel
Clarke.
" He was a man of great learning." — Athen. Ozem.
See references appended to Greaves, Jo^hn. _
Greaves, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1763, '64.
Greaves, Uev. Thomas Berkeley. The Wilder-
ness; or. Prolusions in Averse, 1811, 12mo.
Greaves, Wm. Treatise on Natural and Practical
Agriculture, Lon., 1804, Svo.
"Many remarks are sensible and correct, but added nothing to
the aheadv-existing practice."— DwmW.fon's Agricuit. Biog.
Grebher, Ezek. Visions and Prophecies concerning
Scotland, England, and Ireland, Lon., 1660. '61, 12mo.
Grece, Charles F. 1. Essays on Husbandry, ad-
dressed to the Canadian Farmers. 2. Facts, Ac resp.
Canada and the U. States, Lon., 1819, Svo.
" Evidently the production of a plain, sensible, pr.actical man.
— Lon. Quay. Rev.
But see Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 108.
Greeley, Horace, b. Feb. 3, 1811, at Amherst, New
Hampshire, commenced life as a printer, and was em-
ployed in this capacity in several New York establish-
ments. As a journalist his name has been connected with
"The Constitution," "The New Yorker," "The Jeficr-
sonian," "The Log Cabin," and (commenced in 1841)
The Tribune." In 1848 he was elected to the United
States Congress. For particulars of his life, see The Life
of Horace Greeley, by James Parton, N.York, 1855, 12mo.
"This book is singularly well written; aud its mingling of
private incidents with public history is so managed that its popu-
larity will not be transient. . . . Recommending the Life ol Mr.
Greeley to general attention, we have to speak in particular com-
mendation of the admirable style in which the author has col-
lected his materials and wrought them up. The book did not
reveal to us the power of Horace Greeley. We knew that before.
But we did not know the power in research, in mastery ol the
English language, and in strong good sense, of Mr. Parton, who 13
its author." — N. Amer. Kev., Ixxx. 545-548, q.v.
But a critic in Blackw. Mag. for March. 1856, does not
appear to admire either Mr. Greeley or the labours of his
biographer, and declares, with respect to the latter, that
" .\ny man would accept his chance against a Kentucky rifle
sooner 'than a biography at the hands of Mr. J. Parton."- i'lO-
graph ii gone Mad; ubi supra.
1. Hints towards Reforms, N. York, 185], 12mo. This
vol. consists of addresses, Ac 2. Glances at Europe
from Great Britain. France, Italy. Switzerland, Ac.
during the Summer of 1851. Originally pub. in the Tri-
GRE
bune. 3. Art and Industi-j as represented in the Exhibi-
tion of the Crystal Palace* New York, 1853-54, Edited
by H. G., 1853, 12mo. Originally pub. in the Tribune.
4. Association Discussed by H. Greeley and H. J. Ray-
mond, 1847, 8vo. 5. History of the Struggle for Slavery Ex-
tension or Restriction in the U.S. from 1787 to 1856, N.Y.,
1856, Svo; several edits.
" With a shrewd, clear intellect, an astonishingly vigorous style,
and a heart easily wrought up to that degree of passion necessary
to the production of the best kind of writing, he fears not the
quill of any man living.'' — ii/« of Horace. Grcdny. in Modern Agi-
tators, hy b. W. Biirtklt, N. V'tK; 1855. l'2uio. q. v.
" His writings embrace every variety of style — classic beauty,
exquisite pot;tiy. graphic description, vapid commonpl.ice. the full
gemblage of originality, the moon in the mist, and the ignis futuus
light of whimsii'iil nonsense. . . - His widely-circulated journal
contains good specimens of acute wit, critical reasoning, solid
argument, brilliant invective, profound philosophy, beautiful
poetrv, and moving eloquence, mixed with the opposite of these.
..." He is the great recording secretary of this Continent, em-
ployed by the masses to take notes and print theui." — Life of
Borace Gredeij. in Off-Hand Taldngs, by G. W. Bungay, iV. York,
1854, l'2mo. q. V.
See also Putnam's Mag. for July, 1855.
Green. See also Greene.
Green, General Collection of Voyages and Travels,
Lon., 1745, 4 vols. 4to.
Green, Examination of Godwin's Political Justice,
Ac, Lon., 1798. Svo.
Green, Andrew. 1. Essay on the State of the Jews,
1800. 2. Impulicy of the Laws of Usury, 1812, Svo.
Green, Ashbel, V.D.M., 17G2-184S, a native of
Ilanuver, Xew Jersey, served for some time in the Revo-
lutionary army, and afterwards taught school ; graduated
at Princeton College in 1783; Prof, of Mathematics and
natural philosophy in the college, 17S5-S7; ordained
in 1787 ; chaplain to Congress. 1782-lSOO ; President of
Princeton College, 1812-22. For particulars respecting
the ministerial and official career of this excellent man,
the reader is referred to the Life of Ashbel Green, V.D.M.
Begun to be written by himself in his eighty-second year,
and continued to his eighty-fourth. Prepared for the
Press, at the Author's request, by Joseph H. Junes, Pastor
of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia. N.
York, 1849. Svo, pp. 628. Dr. Green pub. ten occasional
Sermons, 1790-1836; six Addresse.s Reports, &c., 1793-
1836; Hist, of Presbyterian Missions, 1 vol. ; Lectures on
the Shorter Catechism, 2 vols, 12mo; Discourses on the
College of New Jersey, together with a History of the
College, 1822 ; a large proportion of the contents of The
Christian Advucate, 12 vols., Phila., 1822-34.
" The character of his mind is impressed on his writings. His
lectures on the Shorter Catechism, the sermon on the union of
science and religion, which he prepared and putilished while Pre-
sident of the Ci'Uege of .New Jersey, and the Christian Advocate,
a religious periodical, which he for a number of years conducted
with so much ability and usefulness, will long remain clear proofs
that he possessed a mind of high order."'— Kev. J. J. Janlwat. D.D.
*' On the whole, I esteem him as among the ripest scholars, the
most able divines, the most useful men, which our country has
produced. Ilis name will be more closely connected with the his-
tory and progress of the Presbyterian Church, one hundred years
hence, than that of any of his predecessors. He well deserves a
name and a place among 'The Lights of the American Pulpit.'—
Kev. N. iMuRBAV, D.D. See conclusion of this article.
"We always read his writings with approbation of the just
sentiments and the vigorous thinking which they indicate; but
sometimes feeling as if the writer would have attained a still
more spirited and nervous style if he had been less painfully
scrupulous in weighing every sentence which he penned in the
Bcalesof the strictest historical verity."— Kev. Samuel Miller. D.D.
"As a writer, his style is not uulike that of his model. Dr.
■Witherspoon. remarkably perspicuous- .showing a clear percep-
tion of his subject ; it is chaste, wholly free from all that is quaint,
affected, foreign and barbarous. The grand quality of Dr. Green's
style maybe said to have been strength; by means of which,
even when the thought was familiar, it was carried to the mind
with unusual condensation and force. . . . Ilis Lectures on the
Shorter Catechism are probably the most useful and generally
popular of all his instructive works." — Kev, .Joseph H. Joxes,
D.D. : Life of Dr. Green, to which we are indebted for the preceding
extracts.
Green, B. Examples in Drawing, 1796.
Green, Charles. Astronomical Observations; PhiL
Trans., 1771.
Green, Edward. 1. The Spirit of the Bankrupt
Laws, 4th e.l., with Precedents, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Observa-
tions on the Drama, 1803, Svo.
Green, or Greene, EdAvard Barnaby, d. 17S8,
trans. Anacrcon, Apollonius Rhodius, and portions of
Pindar; paraphrased Persius ; pub. two odes, and Strictures
relative to the Rowley Poems, Critical Essays, and Poeti-
cal Essays, 1770-S4.
Green, Frances Harriet, formerly Miss Whipple,
a native of Smithfieldj Rhode Island, commenced her lite-
GKE
rary career by poetical contributions (1S30-35) to the
(leriudicals of the clay. Ik-r first vol. was Memoirs of
Eleanor Elljridge, a coloured woman, of which more than
oO.OdU copies were sold. She has since pub. The Me-
chanic. 18J1 ; Might and Right, an account of the Dorr
Insurrection, 1S41: Nanuntenoo, a Legend of the Narra-
gansetts. in six cantos, of which the lirst three were pub.
in Phila. in 1S48; .Analytical Cl.ass-Book of Botany. 1855.
.She has also contributed largely to " Reform periodicals,"
and for some time (in 1842) edited The Wampanoag and
(in 1S48) The Young People's Journal of Science, Litera-
ture, and Art. See Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Green, F'rancis, of Boston, Mass., d. 1809, aged 07,
pub. a dissertation on the art of imparting speech to the
deaf and dumb, (1783 ;) essays on the same subject in the
newspapers ,• and trans, the letters of the Abbe I'Epee.
Green, G. Dissertatio de Regno Magnae Britannia;,
Witteb.. 16t;r. 4to.
Green, Henry W., LL.D., Chief-Justice of New Jer-
sey. Reports of Cases in Ct. of Chancery of N. Jersey,
Elizabethtown, 1842-46, 2 vols. Svo.
Green, Horace, M.D., LL.D., b. Dec. 24, 1802, in
Rutland county, Vermont; President of the Faculty and
Emeritus Prof." of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the
N. York Med. Coll. : Corrcsp. Mem. Lon. Med. Society, Ac.
1. Treatise on Diseases of the Air- Passages, N.Y'ork, 184B,
8to. This excellent work has reached the 3d edit.
'•The author has made a most valuable addition to practical
medicine. . . . We have adopted the mode ot treatment recom-
mended bv him. and corroborate his statements as to its great
value."— £/■!(. and. Fnr. Mtd. Jiei:
2. Pathology and Treatment of the Croup, 1849, 12rao.
3. On the Surgical Treatment of the Polypi of the Larynx,
and the (Edema of the Glottis.
•' Dr. Green has won very marked distinction in the profession,
l>y his bold, novel, and highly-successful treatment of diseases
of the aii--tubes, which had very generally been deemed incurable ;
aud his skill and experience in this particular department of
surj^ery probably qualifies him to treat the subject with more
knowledj^e aud contidence than any other writer on this side the
Atlantic."
4. In 1S56, Dr. Green pub. a Report, with a Statistical
Tabic, of 106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by In-
jections into the Bronchial Tulws with a Solution of Nitrate
of Silver.
'■I have only to say that I have confirmed the statements mad©
by Dr. Horace Green: I have introduceii the catheter publicly in
the cliuical wards of tlie Royal lulirniary, iu seven patients. I think
it important that these facts should be known to the profession, as
a homage justly due to the talents of a distinguished transatlantic
physician, and with a view of recommending a practice which, if
judiciously employed, may form a new era in the treatment of pul-
monary d"isease."~PR0P. J. H. Ben.vett ; Edin. Skd. Jour.
5. Selections from the Favorite Prescriptions of Living
American Practitioners, N.Y'., 1858.
Dr. G. has contributed a number of papers to the Lon-
don Lancet, the .American Medical Monthly, SilUman'9
Journal, and the New York Journal of Medicine.
Green, J. A Refutation of the Apology for Actors,
Lon.. 1111,').
Green, J. Privileges of the Lord M.ayor. Ac. 1709, '22.
Green, J. 1. Spelling Book, Lon., 1721, 12mo. 2. A
Chart of N. and S. America, &c., 1753, fob 3. Remarks
in support of the above Chart, 1753, 4to.
Green, James. Golden Numbersj rel. to Easter,
Lon.. 1755, Svo.
Green, James, Lieut., R.N. 1. Critical Essays,
Lrui., 1770. Svo. 2. Hist. Essay on Govts., Edin., 1793,
Svo. 3. British Constitution.
Green, James S. Reports of Cases Supreme Ct. N.
Jersey. 1831-36. Trenton. 1833-3S, 3 vols. Svo.
Green, J. H., the Reformed Gambler. 1. Gambling
Exposed, Phila., 12mo. 2. The Gambler's Life. 3. Secret
Band of Brothers. 4. The Reformed Gambler ; an Auto-
biography ; new eds.. 1S58.
Green, John, Curate of Thurnscoe, Yorkshire. I. Nine
Discourses, 1711, Svo. 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Grace aud
Truth. Ac. 1752-62, Svo. 4. Serm., 1763, Svo.
Green, John. 1. Journey from Aleppo to Damascus
in 1725, Lon., 1736, Svo. 2. Collec. of Voyages and Tra-
vels. 1745-47, 4 vols. 4to. A collection of great value, aud
the original of the Abbe Prevost's Collection. See Cens.
Lit, 411, 412; 2d ed., 1815.
Green, John. A con, on nat. philos. to Phil. Trans.,
1739.
Green, John, D.D., 1706-1779, a native of Beverley,
Y'orkshire, was a sizar, and became (in 1730) a Fellow, of
St. John's Coll., Camb. ; Regius Prof, of Divinity, 1748;
Master of Bene't Coll., 1750; Dean of Lincoln, 1756;
Bishop of Lincoln, 1761; Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's,
731
GRE
1771. He pub. ten occasional serms., 1749-73 • The Aca-
demic, 1750; and was one of the authors of the Athenian
Letters pub. by Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke: best
ed., l,i)h, 2 vols. 4to. See Chalmers's Biog. Diet., and
authorities there cited.
Green, John, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark.
1. .Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to. 2. Nine Serms., 1758, Svo.
3. Eight Serms., 1758, Svo. 4. Serm., 175'J.
Green, Jolin. Serm., 1764, 4to.
Green, John Richards, t. e., John Gifford, q. t.
Green, Joseph, 1700-1780, a native of Boston, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard in 1726, and subsequently became a
distiller. He was a man of great wit, and wrote a number
of satirical poems, Ac, among the best-known of which
are Entertainment for A AVinter's Evening; a burlesque
on a Psalm of Mather Byles ; The Land-Bank; Account
of the celebration of St. John ; and A Mournful Lamenta-
tion for the Death of Old Mr. Tenor. His political pieces
were in favour of the principles of freedom. An interest-
ing account of Green will be found in Duyokincks' Cyc.
of Amer. Lit.
Green, Mrs. Mary Anne Everett. 1. Letters of
Roy.al and Illust. Ladies of (i. Britain, now first pub., with
Hist, Notices, Lon,, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Lives of the
Princes.se.» of England, 1S49-55, 6 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1857
'• In clusing this last review of the work, we cannot flnnllv part
fiom Mrs. (.reen without again beaiiug our testimony to the «ire-
fu research and diligent examination of authorities whi. h each
volume displays. Along the line of .six hundred years much inci-
denta lijrht has been thrown, not only on English but on Conti-
nental history; aud as a valuable contribution towards loth we
recommend these volumes."— i,™. Aihmaim. 1855, 64;i-6Sl
■■ As a companion to Wiss Strickland's Memoiis of the English
«ueens this work may claim a similarly wide audience, and help
to popularize historical taste.s."—io„. £j.a„,,„,r.
3. Letters of Queen Henrietta M.aria, 1857. p. Svo 4
iTfJf^f^'f '«J'''P"''' *™'s-. IS08-59. See Lon. Athen.;
1858, Pt. 1, 457. Pt. 2, 386 ; Lemon, Robert. Mrs. Green
has in preparation The Queens of the House of Brunswick
Green, Matthew, 1697-1737, an officer in the London
Custom-House, was noted for bis wit and poetical abilities.
• ■ ■L'"',''''""". l''*2. privately printed, afterwards inserted
',° ,?''^'''=^ a Collection, vol. v. 2. The Spleen ; a Poem,
1/.J7, Svo. Published by Glover, the author of Leonidas,
who h,ad urged the author to its completion as it now
st.ands It was subsequently pub. in Dodsley's Collection,
and also in the 2d ed. of Dr. Johnson's Poets. In 1796
Svo Cadell .ind Davies pub. The Spleen and other Poems!
with a Pref. Essay by Dr. Aikin. Green's Poetical Works
were pub. in 1S54, by the Rev. R. A. Willmot, in the same
vol. with those of Gray, Parnoll, Collins, and J. "iVarton
^fo."«'/"if '*"■"• '^^^■'^ '**^"' Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849!
Pt. 2, 468. Pope remarks that there is a great deal of
onginahty in The Spleen ; and Gray, in his correspondence
with Horace Walpole, observes of Green's poems, then
pub. in Dodsley s Collection :
"There i.s a profusion of wit everywhere; reading would have
no'tTf n'^^h""'!;""".'!"? hf """i-ed hisverse. for even Ids wood-
noUs often break out into strain.s of real poetry aud music." See
Johnson and t li:ilineis's IViets. 1810
Green, Kalph. Porter-Brewer. Ac, Lon., 1765, fol.
Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1745, 4to
Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1756, 4to
Green, Richard W. 1. Gradations in Algebra, Phil.,
12mo 2. Key to do., ]2mo. 3. Little Reckoner/lSmo
4. Arithmedcal Guide, 18mo.
Green, Robert. See Greene.
Green, Robert. Hand-Drill for sowing Peas, Beans,
ic. ; Nic. Jour.. 1804. '
Green, Robert. On Under Draining Wet and Cold
Lands, Lon., 1S42, Svo.
•■•rbis 1,00k has been very little noticed, though written on a
most import.«t suhject, as the title comprehends al 11 he lands
that_ require to be drained.'-Z>«,„Ws„n'., AgricuH. Dion
Green, Rupert. The Secret Plot; a Tragedy, 1777
12mo. & j^ • < I,
'■I'roduced before he was nine years aUr-Bioq. Dramat
Green, S. Romances, history, .itc., 1806-12
Green, Samuel. .Serms., Lon., 1786, Svo '
Green, Thomas. Serms., ic, 1750. '64, '68, all I'mo
.'^'■•^•^"'"■■^^-'■eeue, Thomas, 1658-1738, a n.ntive
of Norwich; Fellow of Bene't Coll., 16S0; Vicar of Min-
ster, Thanet, 1695; Master of Bene't Coll., 1698- Arch
deacon of Canterbury, 1708; Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the
Fields \\estunnster, 1716; Bishop of Norwich, 1721;
15, 16, 21, 23, '24, '26, '27. '34. His principal works are
upon the Lord's Supper, 1710 ; The Pri'nciple's of Rdigion
1726; .and the Four Last Tbint-s 1734 ■
'^'"'tI? '^''»""»«' On Enthusiasm, Lon., 1755, Svo.
GRE
Green, or Greene, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Sarum.
Serm. on 1 Chron. .\xix. 14, Lou., 1767. Svo.
■ tj'reen, Thomas. An Ancient Urn; Trans. Irish
Acad., 1787.
Green,Thomas, Jr., of Liverpool. Miscell. Poetry.
Lon., ISOS), 12mo.
Green, Thomas, 1769-1825, a native of Ipswich,
entered the Middle Temple, but devoted his time to travel
and literary research. He pub. a work on the theory of
Morals, and Extracts from the Diary of a Lover of Litera-
ture, Ipswich, 1810, 4to. Alter Mr. G.'s decease, further
extracts from the original MS. from which the above work
was printed were pub. in The Gentleman's Magazine, Jan.
18u4, &c. Prefixed to the first extract will be found a
biographical account of the author. It is to be reoretled
that the whole of the Diary was not given to the world
i^T^/'if"' ^»'<'"t'ne. 1. Polite Arts in France, Lon.,
1732, 83, 4to. 2. Survey of Worcester, Worces., 1764,
Svo. New ed., 1796, 2 vols. 4to. 3. Discovery of the
Body of K. John, Lon., 1797, 4to. 4. Cat, of Callot's
Works, 1804.
Green, W. Abyssus Mali; or. Corruption of Man's
Nature, 1676, Svo.
"Very excellent."— Pa/mfr's Nonamf., vol. li.
Green, VV., and Penn, Johii. Moral and Religious
Essays, Lon., 1776, 2 vols. 12mo.
Green, Wni., d. 1794, Fellow of Clare Hall. Camb •
Rector of Hardingham. Norfolk. 1. The Song of Deborah,
reduced to metre; with a new trans, and comment., with
Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to. 2. New Trans, of the Pr.ayer of
Habakkuk, the Prayerof Moses, and the CXXXIX Ps with
a Comment,, Ac, Camb., 1755, 4to. 3. New Trans, o'f the
Psalms from the Hebrew, with Notes, &c., Lon., 1763 Svo
'• .Many of the Rsalms arc consideralily improved iu this vJrsion!
but as .a whole. It IS inferior to the next work of the author
[Poetical Parts, kcf'—Ormt's Bill Bib. '
_ " Some judicious alterations in the version, and valuable crili-
cisms in the notes. . The language of the translation, thouph
correct, hath neither that force nor harmony which we find in the
common version of our liibles."— ion. MmUh. Jter., O. S., xxviii 267
4 Poetical Parts of the 0. Test,, trans, from the Hebrew'
with Notes, Camb., 1781, 4to. In German, by J. F. Roos
Gessa', 1781.
"■These tianslations are, in general, very accurate and elegant
specimens of biblical interpretation. The iotes are not numeTous
°' nl^'^^"!, IV'^T'/ ""'•'' f^""'' '•'"''■ ""d ^""-d criticism."
—OiVKsBM.Bzb. Aud see the Lon. Mouth, liev.. O S Iviii 1-8
Green also made trans, from Isaiah, 1776; Horace 177?"
83:^ Virgil, 1783; and Ovid, 1783. ' '
, ,*^''o"V V""' '■ ^'''■'"'* °° ""^ l^n-Us, 180S-09, atlas
lol. >. ,8 Studies from Nature, Lon., 1809, '18, fob; 00
do 1810, 12mo. 3. Tourist's New Guide, Kendal, 1819 2
v.ds. Svo. 'The result of eighteen years' observations in
Ambleside, Keswick, Ac
"it has been the business of his life to study n.iture; and to
that business he brought great talents, intense perseverance, and
Cd'o^.b '^?'^'""^^"' • ■ • I" ^ort. the great outline of the
land of the Lakes and Mountains is filled up with a precision, a
luluess, and an accuracy, no less wonderful than delightful "—
Professor John Wilson. ^cb^iiui.
Green, Wm. A Comp.anion to the Countess of Hunt-
ingdon's Hymns, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Greenaway, Rev. Stephen, 1713-1795. a clergy-
man of the Ch. of Eng. A New Trans, of Ecclesiastes, Ac.,
m 3 parts, Lon., 1787, Svo.
J!,t}A^°'^^}'T'^,^f^'"'-^l "''™ ^ purchased this book in 1819,
assuied me that although he w,as one of the publisher.s, it was the
only;^complete copy be had ever seen."-CMto„-'., ,dit. of the Bible, qv
Lhe author was no great Hebrew scholar, and 'a great advei-
ZlT^^Z'^'TV'-''':''"''' ■"" "» "»■■'' "-'"■"^ to be con-
sulted, both on tcclesiast.s and on a considerable number of other
passages of Scripture on which the writer oB^,.rs remtirks III
speaks respectfully of Lowth aud Kennicott, but is very much di^
pleased with Father lIoubiL-ant,"- Onac's BM Bib
Greene. See also Green.
TT ^'f.f If.'o*"^^" *^-' ''■ '" Providence, Rhode Island,
ieb. 10, 1802, was educated at Brown University, and on
leaving college became a member of the bar. Since 1834 ha
has occupied a post under the city government of his native
Idace He has contributed a number of poetical pieces to
periodicals, but never published a volume Among hia
Al, r^T'\" '-■'""P"^>'ions "'■e The Baron's Lnst Banquet,
Oh ! Think not that the Bosom's Light, and Old Grimes!
Mr. G. has a valuable collection of American poetry, and
It is hoped that be will give the results of his researches
in this department to the public.
Greene, Alexander. The Politician Cheated; a
Comedy, Lon., 1663, 4to.
" Whether it was ever acted does not appear."— Bioff. Pramal
Greene, Asa, d. 1837, a New England 'physician,
became a b(,okseller in New York, and for some lime
edited The New York Evening Transcript. 1. The Lifo
GRE
GRE
and Adventures of Dr. Dodimus Duckworth, A.N.Q. : to
vhich is added the IlistDry of a Steam Doctor, N. York,
]S33, 12mo. 2. The Perils of Pearl Street. 1S34, 2 vols.
12mo. ;i. The travels of Ex-Barber Fribbleton in Ame-
rica, 1S35. 4. A Yankee among the Nullifiers, 1S35.
5. A Glance at New York, 1837. 6. Debtor's Prison,
1S37, 18mo. Mr. Greene possessed great humour, and
de^crijitive powers of no ordinary character.
Greene, Bartholomew. His Admonition to Re-
pentance and Amendment of Life, «. «., 8vo.
Greene, or Green, George. 1. Lower Normandy,
1789, 18UI). &c., Lon., 1SU2-05, 8vo. 2. Journey from
London to .St. Petersburg. IS13. 12mo.
Greene, George Washington, b. April S, 1811, at
East Greenwich, Kent county, llhode Island, is a son of
N. R. Greene, the son of the celebrated (ieneral Xathanael
Greene of the Revolutionary Army. The subject of this
notice was educated at Brown University, in which insti-
tution he subse^iuently became Instructor in Jlodern Lan-
guages. For many years he resided in Europe, chiefly in
Italy, and was from 1837 to '45 United States Consul to
Rnme. Since 1862 he has resided in the city of New
York.
1. Life of General Greene, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d
Series, s. 3. Bost., 1846. 2. Primarv Lessons in French,
N.York, 1849, 18mo. 3. New ed. of Putz and Arnold's
Ancient Geography and Hist.. 184tJ. 12mo. 4. Companion
to Ollendorff's French Grammnr, 1850. 16mo. 5. Primary
Lessons in Italian, 18mo. 6. Historical Studies, composed
of Hist, and Crit. Essays, chiefly on Italian Subjects, 1S50,
12mo. 7. Hist, and Geography of the Middle Ages, 1851,
12uio; with an atlas, 8vo.
" A9 an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages, it is all
that can be dt-'sired; and as a manual of rpference for advanced
students in history, and even for tliose who have traversed the
whole ground in detail, it cannot be otherwise than a most useful
book. For readers of every class, the usefulness of the book is
greatly increased by the felicitous and scholar-like manner in
wliich it is written." — N. Am/r. Rev.. Ixxiii. 271-'27;i, q. v.
8. Addison's Complete Works, — the first complete edition
ever published, — including all of Bishop Kurd's edition,
with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious notes,
by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols. 12mo, with
Vignettes, &c., New York, 1854. See Addison, Joseph.
Mr. G. devoted several years while in Europe to the his-
tory of Italy ; but his studies were interrupted on his return
home, and he has never resumed it. He is now engaged
in editing the papers of his grandfather. Gen. Greene, with
a new and elaborate life.
In addition to the works above enumerated, he has con-
tributed many papers on historical and critical subjects to
The North American Review, The Christian Review, The
Knickerbocker Magazine, Harper's Magazine, and Put-
nam's Magazine.
Greene, John. Sermg., 1644, '47, both 4to.
Greene, John. Serm., 1713, Svo.
Greene, John. Serm., &c., 1723-28, all Svo.
Greene, John. Serm., 1737, Svo.
Greene, John. Beauty; a Poem, Lon., 1755, 4to.
Greene, John. Theolug. and Med. Treatises, Lon.,
1755, '66, '72.
Greene, Joshua. Index to Cases in Admiralty, &c.,
Lon., 1818, Svo.
Greene, Ulaurice, d. 1755, a composer of English
cathedral music, made collections with a view to publica-
tion of cathedral music. These were used by Dr. AVilliam
Boyee in the splendid work already noticed hy us.
Greene, Max. The Kansas Region, N. York, 1856.
Contains a large amount of information.
Greene, Nathaniel, b. at Boscawen, New Hamp-
shire, May 20, 1797, has been connected at difi"erent times
with The New Hampshire Patriot, The Concord Gazette,
The New Hampshire Gazette, The Haverhill Gazette, The
Essex Patriot, and The Boston Statesman. In 1S29 he
became postmaster of Boston. He has pub. a number
of translations from the Italian, German, and French.
1. Storia d'ltalia, di G. Sforzosi, Italia, 1830. This work
was trans, by Mr. Greene for Harper's Family Library.
*' Some praise is due to Sforzosi. who has condensed into one
Tolume the whole history of Italy, ancient and modern. Uis
work has been happily translated into Enelish by a competent
scholar in this country. It however had no higher aim than to
be an elementary work, and is only to be recommended in that
character." — A''. Amer. Jiev., xlviii, 350.
2. Tales from the German. Trans, by N. Greene, Bost.,
1837, 2 vols. 12mo.
'■ Mr. Greene h.is been fiivourably known by his previous trans-
lation of Sforzosis Italian History, for Messrs. Harper's Edition
of the Family Library. We hope he will find leisure to continue
his literary pursuits, and that, since be has the power, he will also
have the inclination, to enrich his native literature by transplant-
in;,' such beautiful exotics iuto it sis the Tales from the German."
— Wm. H. Presiott : A'. Amer. it'ec, xlvi. loC-161, g. v.
Greene, R. A. and J. W. Lumpkin. The Georgia
Justice, Milledg., 1S35, Svo.
"This work is a mere compilation of the statutes of Georgia,
relating to the duties of Justices of the Peace."
Greene, R. W, The King v. O'Grady, Dubl., 1816,
'18, Svo.
Greene, Richard. Artificial Cheltenham Water,
Nicbol. Jour., 1S(I9.
Greene, Robert, 1560?-]o92, an English poet and
miscellaneous writer, noted alike for his good ailvice and
bad example, was a native of Ipswich, and educated at
St. John's Coll., Camb. After leaving college he travelled
on the continent, and upon his return home is supposed
to have taken orders and received the living of Tollesbury
in Essex, June 19, 1584. He was a boon companion with
the dissipated wits of the day, deserted a lovely Hil'e, lived
a profligate life, occasionally chequered with partial re-
pentance, and died of a surfeit of pickled herrings and
Rhenish wine. In his Groat's Worth of AVit bought with
a Million of Repentance, written not long before his death,
and other pieces of a similar character, he laments his
profligate career and exhorts his former comij;inions to
forsake their evil ways. His works, which consist of
plays, poems, fictions, and tracts upon the manners of the
day, are very numerous. Mr. Haslewood, in the Censura
Literaria, x. 288-300, gives a list of forty-five, to which
he adds five which have been ascribed to him ; and Mr.
Octavius Gilchrist increases the catalogue (Ceus. Lit., x.
380} by the names of three more. Further information
respecting his works will be found in the authorities cited
below. The following is a list of the contents of the edit,
of Greene's Works pub, iu 1S31, 2 vols. cr. Svo, by the
Rev. A. Dyce:
Vol. I. Account of Greene and his Writings; Orlando
Furioso ; A Looking-GIass for London and England ;
Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay; Specimen of the famous
Historic of Fryer Bacon. 11. Alphonsus, King of Arra-
gon ; James the Fourth; George-a-Greene, the Pinner of
Wakefield; History of George-a-Greene; Ballad of the
Jolly Finder of Wakefield, with Robin Hood, Scarlet, and
John; Poems; Addenda, and Index to the Notes.
Of the manner in which Mr. Dyce has discharged his
editorial duties we have already had occasion to speak;
see Dyce, Rev. Alexander. As an author, Greene's
merits are undoubtedly considerable; and it is greatly to
be regretted that he was not always in the moral vein
which presents so striking a contrast to his loose habits.
Wood does not speak of his productions with much respect:
" He was a pastoral sonnet-maker, and author of several things
whii.h were pleasing to men and women of his time. They made
much sport, and were valued among scholars; but since, they
have beeu mostly sold on ballad-mongers' stall s."^Ji(/s(i Oxon.
We quote some more recent opinions :
'•Those I have perused display a rich and glowing fancy, much
origiuality and universal command of langu.ige, combined with
an extensive knowledge of the world. Uis crowded similes are in
unison with those of the period when he wrote, and prove him a
disciple of the then fashionable Euphean sect; they are in sent^ral
well selected, appositely Mpplied. and quaintly amuse while his
moral instructs. He possessed considerable, if not first-rate, abili-
ties, and it is inconsistent to measure either poetry or prose by any
standard of criticism erected two centuries after the decease of the
author."' — IIasllwood; Censura Literaria, ii. 288-300, q. v.
"He had great vivacity of intellect, a very inventive inia^'ination,
extensive reading, and his works abound with frequent and success-
ful allusions to the Classics. It is surprising to see bow polished
and how finished some of his pieces are when it is considered that
he wrote most of them to supply his immediate necessities, and iu
quick succession one to another."— Ji£L0E; Anec. of Lib. and ^arce
Books.
'■ It must be confessed that many of the prose tracts of Greene
are licentious and indecent; but there are many also whose object
is useful and whose moral is pure. They are written with great
vivacity, several are remarkable for the most poignant raillery, all
exhibit a glowing warmth of imagination, and many are inter-
spersed with beautiful aud highly-polished specimens of his
poetical powers. On those which are employed in exposing the
machinations of his infamous associates, he seems to place a high
value, justly considering their detection as an essential service
due to his country; and be fervently thanks his God for enabling
him so successfully to lay open the 'most horrible Coosenages of
the common Cony-Catchers, Cooseners. and Crossi> Biters,' names
which in those days designated the perpetrators of every species
of deception and knavery. . . . Though most of the productions of
Greene were written to supply the wants of the passing hour, vet
the poetical effusions scattered through his works betray few marks
of hast* or slovenlini-ss, and many of them, indeed, may be classed
among the most polished and elegant of their day. To much
warmth and fertility of fancy they add a noble strain of feelin"
and enthusiasm, together with many exquisite touches of the p.v
thetic. and so many impressive lessons of morality, as, in a great
measure, to alone for the licentiousness of several of his prose
tracts.'" — D&. Drake: Shakspeare and his limes, I iW, t;27.
733
GRE
GRE
"As a writer of novels and pamphlets, he is full of affectation,
but geneniUy elegant, and sometimes eloquent: it is a misfortune
wbich runs through his works, that he often imitated the popular
but puerile allusions of Lily. His invention is poor from the want
of a vigorous imagination, but his fancy is generally lively and
graceful. In facility of expression, and in the flow of his blank
verse, he is not to be placed below his contemporary Peele. His
usual fault (more discoverable in his plays than in his poems) is
an absence of simplicity; but his pedantic classical references, fre-
quently without either t;iste or discretion, he had in common with
the other scribbling scholars of the time. It was yhakspeare's
good fortune to be in a great degree without the knowledge, and
therefore, if on no other account, without the deffct." — J. Patne
Collier: Hist, of Eng. Dram. Poet, iii. 153-154.
" Professor Tieck. in the Preface to his Shakspeare's Vorschnle,
says th:tt Greene had 'a happy talent, a clear spirit, and a lively
imagination,' which, he adds, -chai-acterize all his writings.' I can
bv no means concur in this praise to its full extent," &c. — Ibid., iii.
148.
" Greene succeeds pretty well in that florid and gay style, a little
redundant in images, which Shakspe-are frequently gives to his
princes and courtiers, and which renders some unimpassioued
scenes in his historic plays effective and brilliant. There is great
talent shown, though upon a very strange canvas, in Greene's
Looking-'i lass for London and England." — IIallam: Lit. Hist, of
Earr-pe. ii. 173.
Mr. Hallam speaks of Greene's novels as " deplorable
specimens," and cites the Dorastus and Fawnia as an ex-
ample of
'■liuaint, affected, and empty Euphuism." — Tfiifh. ii. 218.
"Greene's style is in truth most whimsical and grotesque. He
lived before there was a good model of familiar pmse; and bis wit,
like a stream that is too weak to force a channel for itself is lost in
rhapsody and diffuseuess." — Thomas Campbell: Lives of the Eng.
Poets.
But this was not the judgment of his contemporaries.
'• She does observe as pure a phrase, and use as choice figures in
iier ordinaiy conversation, as any be i' th' Arcadia.
'• CotIo. — Or rather in Greene's works, where she may steal with
more security."
And Oldys does not hesitate to style Greene
" One of the greatest pamphleteers and refiners of our language
in his time."
*' He was obliged to have recourse t-o his pen for a maintenance:
and indeed we think he is the first English poet that we have on
record as writing for bread." — Biog. Dramat.
But this is a position which cannot he demonstrated,
though it has frequently been adopted as true by those who
blindly follow authorities. In addition to the many au-
thorities cited above, we also refer the reader to Winstan-
ley's Eng. Poets ; Langbaine's Dram. Poets ; Whalley's ed.
ofBen Jonson; British Bibliographer; Restituta; Collier's
Poet. Deeam. J Ritson's Bibl. Poet; Berkenhout's Biog.
Lit.; Gibber's Lives of the Poets; Dodsley's Collec. of Old
Plays, edited by Collier; AVarton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.;
Retrosp. Rev.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Dunlap's Hist, of Fiction. A spe-
cimen of Greene's poetical powers will be no unwelcome
conclusion to this long article:
"Sweete are the thoughts that savour of content,
The quiet mind is richer than a crowne:
Sweete are the nights in carelesse sluml>er spent,
The poore estate scornes fortune's angry frowne:
Such sweete content, such mindes, such sleepe, such bliss,
Beggers injoy. when Princes oft doe miss."
From Greene's Farewell to FoUie sent to Courtiers and ScJiolers, as
a president to warne them from Die vaine ddighU tluit drawe ToiUh
<ni to repentance., 1017, 4to.
Greene, Robert, D.D. "Works on divinity and
natural philos.. 1711. '13, '27.
Greene, Robert Berkeley. Geneal. of Christ, as
given by Matt, and Luke, Lon., 1S22, 8vo.
" This Table is ingeniously constructed: the notes exhibit, in a
small compass, the result of much laborious research." — Home's
BibL Bib.
Greene, Samuel S,, Prof, in the Normal Department
Brown University, and Supt. of Public Schools, Provi-
dence. 1. Analysis of Eng. Gram., Phila. 2. Elements
of do. 3. First Lessons in do.
Greene, Thomas, See Gheepe, Thomas.
Greene, Thomas. A Poet's Vision and a Prince's
Glorie, Lon., 1603, 4to. A poem dedicated to K. James.
See Brydges's Restituta, iv. 1-5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £10
IOj?. Na.ssau, Pt. 1, 1737, £16 bs. 6d. Greene was an
eminent comedian, and is supposed by Malone to have
been a relation of Shakspeare's and the medium of his
introduction to the theatre. He is the hero of Greene's
Tu Quoque : see Cook, or Cooke. John.
" As for Maister Greene, all that I will speak of him (and that
without flattery) is this: if I were worthy tocensiu'e, there was not
an actor of his nature, in his time, of better ability in performance
of what be undertook, more applauded liy the audience, of greater
grace at the court, or of more general love in the city." — Thomas
llEYWOOD, editor of (hoh's Tu Quoqnf.
Greene, Thomas. Poems, Lon., 17S0, 12mo.
Greene, >Vm. The Sound of a Voice uttered forth
from the Mouutaine of the Lord of Hosts, Lon., 1663, -Ito.
734
Greene, Wm. Annals of George IIL, from his Ac-
cession to the Victory of Trafalgar, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo.
Greene, Wm. B., of Massachusetts. 1. The Doctrine
of Life. 2. A Hypothetical Biography, kc.
Greenfield, Nalh. Serm., 16151 "60. 8vo.
Greenfield, Thomas. Epistles and Miscell. Poema,
Lon., 1815, Svo.
Greenfield, Wm. Algebra; Trans. Soc, Edin., 1788.
Greenfield, Wm. 1. Comprehensive Bible, &e., Lon.,
1827. cr. 4to, demy 4to, r. 4to, and imp. 4to.
"It has deservedly i*eceived a large measure of public approba-
tion."— Lowndt;s's Brit. Lib., q. v.
2. Novum Testamentum, &c., 1829, 48mo.
'• The work does the highest honour to the editor's fidelity^
competent learning, and sound judgment." — Lon. Eclectic Itev.j
Feb. 1832, vii. 160. See also Home's Bib. Bib., 29.
3. Polymicrian Lexicon to the N. Test,, 1829, 48mo.
This is a companion to No. 2. 4. Book of Genesis, in
English, Hebrew, &c., 2d ed.
" It should be in the hands of all selftaught students." — Rev.
R. W. Jelf : .Suggestions respecting the Neglect of the Hebrew Lan-
guage as a Qiudification for HnUj Orders.
5. Book of the New Covenant, trans, from the Greek
into Hebrew, 1831, fp. Svo, and 32mo.
" Gieeiitield's philological labours are extraordinary; his transla*
tion displays profound scholarship."' — Loivndes's Brit. Lift.
A memoir of this profound scholar and excellent man
will be found in the London Imperial Mag. for Jan. and
Feb. 1834.
Greenham, Richard, 1531-1591, a Puritan divine,
Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Camb., Rector of Dry-Drayton.
1. Comfort, Ac, with two Letters, Lon., 1595, 24mo. 2.
Two Serms., 1595, 8vo. 3. Afflicted Conscience, and two
Serms., 1598. 4. Collected Works, by Henry Holland,
1599, 4to; 2d ed., same yearj 1601, fol.; with addits.,
1605, '12, '81, fol.
'•Christian Reader! thou hast here .all Maister Greenh-am's
"Works, as they have been heretofore gathered and published by
the Industrie of that worthy and painefuU Preacher, Maister
llenry Holland."
"Greenham on Psalm csix., in his works, is admirable, for the
time in which it was written, both for method and style; and,
like all the productions of this author, is full of spiritual unction."
—Dr. E. Waiiams's C. P.
"Greenham excelled in experimental divinity, and knew how
to stay a weak conscience — how to raise a fallen — how to strike a
remorseless one." — Bisbop Uall.
"On Mr. Gree.nham's Book of the Sadbath.
" ^hileGreenham writeth on the Sabbath's rest,
His Soul enjoys not what bis pen exprest:
His work enjoys not what itst-lf doth say,
For it shall never find one resting day.
A thousand hands shall toss each page and line,
"Which shall be scanned by a thousand eyne.
This Sabbath's rest, or that .Sabbath's unrest,
'Tis hard to say wbich is the happiest." — Bisiiop IIaix.
See Clarke's Lives, at the end of his Martyrology;
Brook's Lives of the Puritans.
Greenhill, Joseph, 1. The Prophecies, Lon., 1755,
Svo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1755, '56, '67, '68, 71, *73, '74.
3. Occas. Letters, 17S0, Svo.
Greenhill, Thomas. 1. The Art of Embalming,
&c., Lon., 1705, 4to. 2. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1700,
'05. Orcenhill was one of thirty-nine children by one
father and mother.
Greenhill, Wm., d. 1677? one of the Westminster
Assembly of Divines; Pteetor of Stepney, 1656; ejected
at the Restoration. 1. Serm., Lon.. 1643, 4to. 2. Expos,
of Ezekiel, 1645-62, 5 vols. 4to. First ed. seldom found
complete. A second ed. of vol. i. appeared in 1649. New
ed., revised and corrected by James Sherman, 1837, imp.
Svo.
'* Like all the productions of the Puritans, it is evangelical, and
stored with the knowledge of the Scriptures; but. like the most
of them, it is distinguished by its sound doctiiual and practical
views, rather than by the elegance of the composition or the
critical acumen of the reasonings and illustrations." — Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
'•Very full of doctiine aud use." — BicJ-rrstHh's C. S.
"The Loudon reprint is very neatly executed." — Home's Bibl.
Bib.
3. Several Serms., 1671. Svo. 4. Serm., 1677, 4to.
Greenhow, Robert, M.D., 1S00-1S54, a native of
Richmond, Virginia, was fur some time translator to the
Department of State at Washington, J). C, and subse-
quently Associate Law Agent to the United States Com-
mission for the determination of Cnlifornia claims, sitting
at San Francisco. 1. Memoir on the Northwest Coast of
North America, N. York, 1840, Svo. 2. Hist, of Oregon
and California, 1846, Svo. This is an enlarged ed. of
No. 1. It is a work of high authority.
Greening, Henry. 1. Forms of Declarations. Ac,
Lon., 1837, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853, 12mo : see 1 Jurist, 545;
QtSM
GRE
14 Leg. Obs., 219. 2. Selections of Leading Statutes. 1842-
4j). Svo : see 6 Jurist, 51. 3. Common Law Rules of
Hilary Term, 1853, 12mo.
Greenlaw, A. Serm.. Lon., 1794. 4to.
Greeulcaf, Benjamin, b. ITSii.at Haverhill, Mass., •
gra'l. D;irtm..uth Coll., 1S13. The National, The Introduc-
tion or Cumniua School, and Mental, Arithmetics, Boston,
1S40. Algebra, 1852. Practical Surveying.
Greenleaf, F. Abridgt, of Burn'^s Justice.. Bost., 1773.
Greenlcaf, Rev. Joua. Sketches of Eccles. Hist.
of MaiuL-. IS21, 12mo.
Greenleaf, Moses, d. 1834, aged 55, at Williams-
burg, Maine. 1. A Statistical View of the District of
Maine, Bost., 1816, Svo. Reviewed by B. Rand in N.
Amer. Rev., iii. 3fi2-425. 2. A Survey of the State of
Maine. Portland. 1S29, Svo, and Atlas.
Greenleaf, Simon, LL.D., 1783-1853, a native of
Newburyport, Mass., was the son of a captain in the
Revolutionary Army, and a connection on the mother's
side of the family of the late Chief-Justice Parsons ; com-
menced the practice of the law in Standii^h, Maine, 1806,
and iu the same year removed to Gray, where he remained
for twelve years; removed to Portland, 1818; appointed
Reporter of the Supreme Court of Maine. 1820-32; suc-
ceeded Prof. Ashmun as Royall Prof, of Law in the Dane
Law School, 1S33 : transferred to the Dane Professorship,
vacant by the death of Judge Story. 1S46 ; resigned this
post in consequence of failing health, 1S48. Mr. (rreen-
leaf left a widow, to whom he was married in 1806, and
two sons and two daughters, the only remaining mem-
bers of a large family of children. Professor Greenleaf's
principal works are — 1. A Full Collection of Cases, Over-
ruled, Denied, Doubted, or Limited in their application,
taken from American and English Reports, Portland,
1S21; 3ded.,by E. Hammond. N. York, 1840. Mr. Green-
leaf was induced to prepare this work in consequence of
having relied upon a decision which was proved to have
been overruled.
'•Mr. Greeuleaf will have rendered tx) his profession a most
eminent service if, by preseDtiug so many examples of corrected
error, he shall induce liis brethren to examine decisions without
fear, and the courts to revise them without reluctance." — T. Met-
CALF : N. Am^r. Rev., xv. 65-72, q. v. : also vol. xxii. 30.
" I am glad to hear that )-our Overruled Cases are printed. I
want to get a copy, and interleave it. so as to provide gradually
for a uew edition. ... I send you an additional list of late over-
ruled cases, which you can use when you have occasion. I mean
to enlarge it from time to time, as I read and write." — Judge
&TORY. Dec. 11, 18*.il: Slonfs Life and Ldters, i. 404.
*-The second edition purported to be by Professor Greenleaf,
but he had nothing to do with either the second or third : and all
additions, since the first, are by other hands." — Marvin^s Leg.
BibL. 34S.
See also Bentham's Legislation, by Neal, 61 ; MS. note
iu Overruled Cases in Dane Law Library.
2. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Ct. of Maine, 1820-
31. Hallowell and Portland, 1822-35, 9 vols. Svo. New
ed., with Notes and References to later Decisions, by E.
H. Bennett, Bost., 1852, 9 vols, in 8, Svo. The Digest of
1st ed. was pub. in 9lh vol., and also separately, Portland,
1835, Svo.
'* You must not feel too anxious about your Reports. A young
author is apt to be unduly sensitive as to the fate of his produc-
tions. I have no doubt as to the success of yours; and I am sure
that the profession will join heartily' in your favour." — Jldoe
Story, Dec. 11, 1821 : Story's Life ami Utters, i. 404.
'■ Mr. Greenleaf is of the order of compendious reporters. He is
lucid and direct in his statement i)f oases; his arguments of
course are arranged with logical! exactness and a well-conceived
brevity, which give us their outline well, and yet without any
siuuosities. He is happy in his discrimination of the fmas of the
reasoning and his consequent exposition of it. Mr. Greenleaf is
always concise, while throughout he never fliils to be just; and
this is no small praise, when the longest or most important case
in the volume will be found to allow not above two pat^es to the
argument of counsel." — N. Amer. Rev., xxii. 27-34 : notice of vol.
ii. See 4 Amer. Jur.. 133; xiv. 23S; 2 U. S. Lit. Gaz.,403; 1 U. S.
Rev. and Lit. Gaz., 150.
3. A Treatise on the Law of Evidence, vol. :., 1842,
ii., 1846, iii,, 1853. VoL i. has reached the Jth ed. ;
vol. ii. the 4th ed. ; vol. iii. the 2d ed. Before the ap-
pearance of this work, the American Bar was dependent
upon the manuals of Starkie and Phillips. Mr. Green-
leaf's treatise took at once, and has ever since maintained,
the highest rank.
" I am glad to hear that you are going on with your work on
Evidence, which I shall look to with deep interest as a noble con-
tribution to the common stock of the school."' — Judge Stort,
Keb. 6, 1840 : Stfyri/s Life and Letters, ii. 328.
"It is no mean honour to America that her schools of juris-
prudence have produced two of the first writers and best-esteemed
legal authorities of this century ; the great and good man [Judge
Story] who has just been taken from us, and his worthy and
eminent associate. Professor Greenleaf. Upon the existing Law
of Contracts, at>d the Law of Kvidence, more light has shone
from the New "World than from all the lawyers who adorn the
courts of Europe." — Lon. Law Mag.
And see Warren's Law Stu., 2d ed., 755, 756 ; 27 Amer.
Jur., 237, 379 ; 5 Law Rev., 49; vi. 521 ; ix. 90 ; 1 Pa.
L. J., 158; Duer on Insur., 170, n. ; Joy on Confessions,
App. B.
4. Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangel-
ists, by the Rules of Evidence administered in Courts of
Justice. "With an Account of the Trial of Jesus, &c.,
1846, Svo; Lon., 1847, Svo.
*'Our grateful acknowledgments are respectfully tendered to
Professor Greenleaf for these his labours. We the more value
them because they regard »ia(i(Ts of fact, which they treat of
naturally and appositely, just as such topics ought to be handled."
— Christian Reformer.
'■The work is inscribed to the members of the legal profession ;
but it will be found equally interesting to clergymen, and to all
others who may be disposed to examine the subject." — Advert.
'* He [Judge Story] had studied the evidences of Christianity
with professional closeness and care, and had given to them the
testimony of his fall assent ; and he has often been heard to de-
clare, that,m his judgment, the great facts of the gospel history were
attested In/ a mass of evidence which, in any court of law, woidd be
perfectly satisfactory and crmclusive.'^ — Prof. Greenleaf's JJiscovrse
commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon. Joseph Story,
LL.D.
5. Cruise's Digest, &c. : see Cruise, Wm. We also
notice — 6. A Disci>urse pronounced at the Inauguration
of the author as Royall Professor of Law iu Harvard
Univ., Aug. 26, 1834, Bost, 1834. Svo. 7. A Discourse
commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon.
Joseph Story, LL.D., Jkc, 1845, Svo. This is an eloquent
tribute to the merits of a truly great man, between whom
and his eulogist there existed ties of the closest intimacy
and of the most endearing eharaeter. Associated intimately
for thirteen years in the Dane Law School, the friendship
and attachment with which they had entered upon tho
joint discharge of their duties invigorated and enlivened
their arduous efforts for the benefit of the institution
whose prosperity they had so much at heart. It was at
the instance of Judge Story that his friend was called to
supply the place ; but we shall do injustice to the suliject
by using any other language than that which has already
been eloquently employed upon this theme:
" Our connection has been to me. indeed, a source of inexpres-
sible pleasure and satisfaction. I recollect, with pride, that when
Professor Ashmun died my thoughts turned upon you as the
man of all others best fitted to supply his place ; and the corpora-
tion, with an unanimity and promptitude which deserve the
highest commendation, seconded the choice. . . . But for you the
School would never have attained its present rank. Your learn-
ing, your devotion to its interests, your untiring industry, your
steadfast integrity of purpose and action, have imparted to all
our efforts a vigour and ability, without which, I am free to say,
that I should have utterly despaired of success. Nay, more: but
for your constant co-operation and encouragement in the common
task I should have drooped and lingered by the way.tide. But
what I dwell on with peculiar delight, is the consciousness
that we have never been rivals, but iu working together have gone
hand in hand throughout; that not a cloud has ever passed over
our mutual intercourse, and that we have lived as brothers
should live: and, I trust iu God, we shall die such. . , . Most
truly and affectionately,
" Your faithful friend,
"Joseph Stort.
"Cambridge, January 6. 1842."
Story's Life and Inters, ii.. 409-411.
Many of the facts recorded in Prof. Greenleaf's Discourse
on the Life and Character of Judge Story (see No. 7, fuite)
will be found in his biographical sketch of this eminent
jurist in The National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished
Americans. Of this sketch Judge Story remarks, in a
letter to the author, dated April 15, 1835,
*■! think it one of the most finished and elegant compositions I
ever read, and I am only too conscious that the main attractions
of the picture you have drawn are due to the skill and touching
kindness of the artist.'' — Story's Life and Letters, ii. 197.
Greenleaf, Thomas, Laws of New York, 1777-
97, X. York, 1797. 3 vols. Svo.
Greenly, Lady Cottiu. Prac. Serms. for every
Sunday in the Y'ear, 5th ed., Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 12mo.
These admirable sermons have hitherto been published
without the writer's name, and many thousand copies
have been sold.
'•They were constantly read in the families of Dr. TTuntingford,
late Bishop of II(.Mef:ird. and of Dr. Van Mildert. late Bishop of
Durham, the latter of whom often regretted he could not discover
the author, tliat he might distinguish him by preferment in the
Church, concluding the sermons to have been written by a clergy*
man of no common ability." — Preface to the oth Edition.
I Greenongh, G. B. Geology, Lon., 1819, Svo.
Grcenough, Horatio, 1806-1852, an eminent Ame-
^ rican sculptor, was a native of Boston, Mass. For the
particulars of his career as an artist, and a specimen of
735
GRE
iiam and
his merits as an niilhor, we refer the reaJer to A Memorial
of rloratio lireetKiiigh, consisting of a Memoir, and Selec-
tions from his Writings, — Essays on Art, &c. — by Henry
T. Tuclscrnian. N. York, 1853, 12mo.
Greensted, Francis. Fugitive Piece^s. 1797, Svo.
Greeimpi J. Human Liberty, Lon., 17;il, Svo.
Greenville, Granville, or Grenvillc, Denis,
D.D., d. at Paris, 1703, a son of Bevil Greenville, and
brother of Sir John Greenville, was installed Dean of
Durham in 1684, and deprived of his preferments in 1690,
in eonsequence of his refusal lo aclinowledge Wi
Mary. He pub. several theolog. treatises, serms,
1684-89. ^ „ ,, . ,,
" In higotry for restoration of James II. he probal)ly excelled all
his contemporaries." ,
" You h.Hd an uncle whose memory I shall ever revere : make
him vour example. Sanctity sate so easy, so unaffected, and so
Kraceful upon him, that in him we beheld the very beauty of holi-
ness."—Lono Lansdowne : in a Letter to Dean Greenville s nephew.
See Gen. Diet. ; Biog. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon. ; Hutchin-
son's Durham; Comber's Life of Comber.
Greenville, George. See 6n.\NviLi,E.
Greenway, Dr. James, of Dinwiddle county, Vir-
ginia. Agricult., Ac. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc., iii. 226,
231-234.
Greenwood, 'i'oung Artist's Guide to the Use of
the Black-Lead Pencil, Lon., ob. 8vo.
"In this work the author has sou[.'ht to exhibit freedom of pen-
cilling in preference to a style of finished neatness."— XltdicalioTi
to Sir M. A. Sliee. ,_ ,„ , t
Greenwood, Abr. Address to Young People, Lon.,
1796, 12mo.
Greenwood, Itev.Charles, b. 1821, at Greenwood,
N. Hampshire. The Child and the Man; or. Children,
the Sabbath School, and the World. With an Introduc.
by Rev. E. N. Kirk, Eost., 185.'), 12mo.
•' It cannot be read without quickening Christian activities, and
should be widely circulated."— jVof/onuf J/u;/.
Greenwood, Daniel. Serms., 1672, 'SO.
Greenwood, Francis William Pitt, D.D., 1797-
1843, a native of Boston, educated at Harvard, became
pastor of the New South Church, Boston, travelled in
Europe, and subsequently settled in Baltimore, and in
1824 was made associate minister of King's Chapel. Bos-
ton. 1. Chapel Liturgy. Bost., 1827, 12mo. 2. Psalms
and Hymns, 1S30. 3. Hist, of King's Chapel, Boston,
1833, 12nio. 4. Serms. to Children. 5. Lives of the
Twelve Apostles, 1838, '46. 6. Serms. of Consolation,
1842, '47 : see Christian Examiner; Christian Register.
7. Serms. on various subjects, 2 vols. 8vo. 8. Miscella-
neous Writings edited by his son, 1846, 12mo. Dr. G.
was at one time editor of The Unitarian Miscellany, and
in 1837 and 1838 was an associate editor of The Christian
Examiner, to which he was a frequent contributor for
many years.
Greenwood, Col. George. 1. Hints on Horse-
manship, Lon., 16mo. 2. Cavalry Sword Exercise, 1840,
12mo. 3. The Tree-Lifter; or, a New Method of Trans-
planting Forest Trees, 1844, Svo.
'•An ingenious treatise, explanatory of a simple, but, as we
should suppose, an efficient, machine for raising trees of large size,
with a considerable liole of earth round them, so that their roots
may not receive injury." — Britannia.
Greenwood, Grace. See Lippincott, Saba Jane.
Greenwood, Henry. 1. Day of Judgment, &c.,
Lon., 1614, Svo. 2. Seven Tracts or Serms., 1628, Svo.
3. Serm., 1634, Svo. 4. Works, 13th ed., 1650, 12mo.
Greenwood, Isaac, Prof, of Mathematics at Cam-
bridge, New England. Astronom., &c. con. to Phil.
Trans., 1728.
Greenwood, J. B. CoUec. of Statutes and Parts
of Statutes. Ac, Lon., 1830, 12mo.
Greenwood, James. 1. London Vocabulary and
Eng. Gram., Lon., 1711, '29, ]2mo. Praised by Bicker-
staff in the Taller. 2. The Virgin Muse, 1717, '22. 12mo.
Greenwood, James. A Rhapsody, Lon., 1776, 4to.
Greenwood, John, a Puritan, executed at Tyburn,
with Hen. Barrow, April 6, 1593, pub. some theolog. trea-
tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Greenwood, Nic. Astronomia Anglicana; contain-
ing an absolute and entire Piece of Astronomy in three
books, Lon., 1689, fol.
Greenwood, Thomas. Theolog. works, Lon.,
1832, A-c.
Greenwood, Will. A Description of the Passion
of Love, kc, Lon., 1657, Svo. The author h.a3
" Unmercifully stolen matter without any acknowledgment
from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.'" — .\NTnoNY Wood.
Greenwood, Wm. 1. Curia
ge'liVls.
GRE
8th ed., 16S0, 12mo. 3. County Courts, ic, 1668, '75,
1722, Svo; 9th ed., 1730, Svo.
Greenivood, Wm., D.D. Harmony of the Evan-
lisls, Lon., 1766, 12mo. Other works.
Grecpe, Thomas. Exploytcs of Syr Frauncis Drake,
Lon 1587. 4to. White Knights, 1909, £10.
Greer, Mrs. J. 11. 1. Quakerism: or, The Story of
my Life, Lon., 1851, '52. p. Svo. 2. The Society of Friends;
a Domestic Narrative, 1852, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo.
GreByn, W. See Gkiffith.
Greg, John, or William. See GniOG.
Greg, or Gregg, Rev. John Anthony.^ 1. The
Solitary Frenchman; a Poem, trans. 1784, '94, Svo.
2. Hierogamy. 1801, Svo.
Greg, Thomas. 1. Letter rel. to Ploughing heavy
and wet Land, Lon., 1809, Svo. 2. Report of his System
of Farmini', ISIO, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Greg, W. Rathbone. The Creed of Christendom,
Lon., 1851. Svo. Commended by the Westminster Review,
Prospective Review, Economist, Ac.
Gregg, F. 1. Law, Ac. of E'kruptcy, Lon., 1826, '38,
Svo. 2. New B'krupt Act, 1826, Svo. 3. Law, Ac. of
B'kruptcy as regards Meetings, Ac, 1838, 12mo. 4. Costs
in B'kruptcy, 2d ed., 1838, 12mo.
Gregg, Josiah. Scenes and Incidents in the Western
Prairies. New ed., Phila., 1856.
Gregg, T.D., Chaplain of St. Nicholas Within, Dublin.
1. Discuss, with T. Maguire, Dubl., 1839, Svo. 2. Protest-
ant Ascendency Vindicated, Dubl., 1840, 12ino. 3. Serms.,
1846, Svo. 4. Free Thoughts on Protestant Matters, 2d
ed., 1847, p. Svo.
Gregor, Francis, M.P. for Cornwall, d. 1815, aged
55, pub. three polit. pamph., lSlO-12.
Gregor, Rev. Wm., pub. two serms., 1805, '09, and
con. geological papers to Phil. Trans., Ac. 1805-15.
Gregory, Arthur. 1. L'Abridgt. des Cases, Ac, Lon.,
1599, 12mo. 2. The Moot-Book, Ac, trans, into Eng., and
enlarged by W. Hughes, 1663, 4to.
Gregory, David, 1661-1708, a native of Aberdeen,
Scotland, a nephew of James Gregory, Prof, of Mathematics
in the Univ. of St. Andrew's, succeeded his uncle at the
early .age of twenty-three, and in 1691 was elected Savilian
Prof, of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. works on Geo-
metry, Astronomy, Ac, in Latin, 1684-1703, and contri-
buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans., 1694-1704.
1. Astronomiie, PhysicaB, et Geometria; Elcmenta, Oxon.,
1702. fol. In Eng., with addits. by E. Stone, 1713, '26, 2
vols. Svo. 2. Euclidus Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat., Oxf., 1703,
fol. See Biog. Brit. ; Button's Diet. ; EncycBrit. ; Letters
by Eminent Persons. We shall have occasion to notice
several of the members of this distinguished family, the
most illustrious in the ann.als of British science. For two
centuries the name of Gregory has accumulated fresh
honours with each succeeding generation, and sixteen of
the family have held British professorships. Whilst the
subject of this memoir was Professor of Mathematics at
Oxford, his brother James occupied the same post at Edin-
burgh, and another brother, Charles, discharged similar
duties at St. Andrew's. Here is nobility, indeed, far out-
shiniug
" The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power.
And all that lieautv, all that wealth e'er gave!"
Gregory, Duncan Farquharson, d. 1844, aged 30,
Fellow and Sub-Lecturer of Trin. Coll., Camb., a distin-
guished mathematician, was a descendant of James Gre-
gory, (1639-1675,) the celebrated author of the Reflecting
Telescope, the son of James Gregory, M.D., (1753-1.'<21,)
Prof, of Medicine in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and the
brother of William Gregory, M.D., until his death Prof,
of Chemistry in Univ. of Edinburgh. He pub. a work of
great merit on The Differential and Integral Calculus, Lon.,
1841, Svo; 2d ed., by W. Walton, 1846. Svo; and left un-
finished a work, afterwards completed and pub. liy W.
Walton, on the Application of Analysis to Solid Geometry,
1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1853, 8vo. Mr. Gregory was one of the
chief projectors of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal,--
a work of European reputation, — and its principal contri-
butor until the time of his decease.
Gregory, Edmond. An Historical Anatomy of
Christian Mcl.ancholy, with a Meditation on John ix. 4,
Lon., 1646, 12mo.
Gregory, F. The Human Soul, 1704, 4to.
Gregory, Francis, D.D., Rector of Hamhlcdon,
Bucks, pub. several serms., a Greek school-book, Ac,
1660-98. , ^ . ,
Gregory, George, D.D., 1754-1808, son of an Irish
Lon., 1657, 12mo.
73S
,,... .. .-.,,.. Comitatus Rediviva, ' clergyman, became Curate of St. Giles, Cripplegate, Lon-
2. County Judicatures, 1664, '75, Svo; ' don, in 1782, and in 1804 was presented to the living of
GRE
GRE
West Ham, Essex. He pub. several theolog. and literary
works, among the principal of which are the following:
1. Trans, of Lowth's Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the
Hebrews, Lon., 1787, 1810, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1847, cr.
8vo. See Lowth, Robert. D.D. 2. Serms., 1787, '89, Svo.
" A pleasing specimen of that kind of manly eloquence which
compasses its end without loss of words." — Lnn. Month. Rev.
3. Life of T. Chatterton. 1789, Svo. Also in Biog. Brit.
4. Hist, of the Christian Church to 1788-90, 2 vols. 12mo,-
1794-95, 2 vols. Svo. Grant, in his Hist, of the Christian
Church, calls this work an excellent abridgment of
Mosheim. 5. Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 1S06, 2
Tols, 4to. 6. Lectures on Exper. Philos., Astron., and
Chem., 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Letters on Literature, Taste,
and Composition, 1810, 2 vols. 12mo. Dr. G. was for many
years editor of the New Annual Register.
Gregory, George. Arithmetic, ^c, Lon., 1814, '15.
Gregory, George, M.D., d. 1853, Lecturer of St.
Thomas's Hospital, London, 1. Elements of the Theory
and Prac. of Physic, 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1825, 2 vols.
Svo; 6th ed., 1846, Svo. 2. Lects. on Eruptive Fevers,
1843, Svo.
Gregory, James, 1639-1675, the first of the long line
of great men of an illustrious family, (see Gregouv. David,)
was a native of Aberdeen, and educated at the grammar
school of that place and at Marischal College. In 1663
he pub. his Optima promota, in which he gave an account
of his discovery of the reflecting telescope. He subse-
quently gave to the world Vera Circuli et Hyperbolae Quad-
ratura, Patav., 1667, 4to ; Escercitationes Geometries?,
Lon., 1668, '78, 4to: and some other publications. In
1668 he was elected Prof, of Mathematics in the Univ. of
St. Andrew's, and in 1674 was called to the same chair in
the Univ. of Edinburgh. He was a friend of Sir Isaac
Newton, who highly valued his remarkable genius. See
Biog. Brit. ; Hutton's Diet; Martin's Biog. Philos. ; Pref.
to Dr. John Gregory's Works, edit. 17S8, 4 vols. 12mo.
Gregory, James, M.D., 1753-1821, a native of Aber-
deen, Prof, of the Prac. of Medicine in the Univ. of Edin-
burgh, was a descendant of the preceding, and the father
of the late Duncan F. Gregory, of Trin. Coll., Camb., who
displayed, even at the early age at which he died, the re-
markable mathematical genius which distinguished his
great ancestor, and many of his successors for the last two
centuries. See Gregory, David. 1. Dissertatio Medica,
Ac., Edin., 1774, Svo. 2. Conspectus Medicinae Theoretics
in usum Academicum, 1780-82, 2 vols. Svo. There have
been several new edits. — 1836, '37, '33, '50 — with addits.
by Steggall and Venables. This, with the First Four
Books of Celsus, comprise the entire Latin Classics required
for Examination at Apothecaries' Hall, London. 3. Philos.
and Literary Essays, 1793, Svo. 4. Memorial, ISOO, 4to ;
1803, Svo. 5. Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of
Physic, with Notes, 7th ed., 2 vols. Svo. See Cullen, Wm.
6. Theory of the Moods of Verbs; Trans. Sue, Edin.,
1790.
Gregory, John, 1607-1646, a learned divine, a native
of Buckinghamshire, was educated at Christ Church, Ox-
ford ; Chaplain to Bishop Duppa, 163S ; Preb. of Salisbury,
1641 ; deprived at the Rebellion. 1. Notes and Observ. on
some Passages of Scripture, Oxf., 1646, 4to; Lon., 1660,
'65, '71, 'S3. This work is the first part of the Posthuma.
It was trans, into Latin, and remitted into the Critica Sacra.
2. Gregorii Posthuma, with Life, pub. by John Gurgany,
1649, '50, '61, '65, 71, '83, '84, 4to. Part 1 is composed of
the Notes, Ac. above; Part 2 consist of eight pieces: two
discourses, one serm., two theolog. treatises, a tract upon
Time, one upon the Assyrian Monarchy, and one upon the
Terrestrial Globe.
*'This volume contains things learned, curious, and fanciful.
The author possessed a considerable portion of learning, but was
very eccentric in his tlights. Some of the notes are important,
and contain a good deal of rabbinical lore. The Dissertation and
plates, on the Boy-bishop and the Monk-fish, are curious, and ex-
hibit some of the follies of former times, ilis discussions on the
Song of the Bow, the Golden Mice, the Silver Shrines, and Cain's
Thau, or mark, show how much erudition may be needlessly ex-
pended on very trifling subjects. The book is still worth having,
but at no great expense." — Orme's Bill. Bib.
In 1G34 he pub. a 2d ed. in4to, with Notes, of Sir Thomas
Ridley's View of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Law. He
also wrote a tract, entitled Alkibiay, '*in which he endea-
voured to vindicate the antiquity of worshipping towards
the eastj" and left three pieces in MS., trans, by him from
Greek into Latin, which were pub. by Edward Bysshe in
his own name, q. v. Gregory also left, in MS., Observa-
tiones, Ac. Johauuis Malelie Chronographia; and he in-
tended to have pub. a Latin trans, of that author, with
annotations.
"The miracle of his age for critical and curious learning."—
Athrn. Oxon^ q. v.
**IIe attained to be an exquisite linguist and general scholar;
his modesty setting the greater lustre on his learning." — Fuller's
Worthies, q. v.
See also Life prefixed to Gregorii Posthuma; Gen. Diet.;
Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's Memoirs; Fuller's Worthies.
Gregory, John, Archdeacon of Gloucester. Discourse
of the Morality of the Sabbath, Lon., 1681, Svo.
Gregory, John, 1724-1773, M.D., a native of Aber-
deen, grand-nephew of James Gregory, the inventor of the
reflecting telescope, studied medicine at Edinburgh, Ley-
den, and Paris, and on his return from the continent was
appointed Prof, of Philosophy in King's Coll., Aberdeen;
Prof, of Physic in the same institution, 1756-66; Prof, of
Physic in the Univ. of Edinburgh, 1766-73. 1. Compara-
tive View of the State and Faculties of Man with those
of the Animal World, Lon., 1765, '76, 12mo; 1766, Svo;
1774, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Observ. on the Duties, Offices, and
Qualifications of a Physician, »tc., 1770. '72, Svo. 3. Ele-
ments of the Prac. of Physic, Edin., 1772, Svo. Left im-
perfect. The part relating to Febrile Diseases was repub.,
Lon., 1774, Svo. 4. A Father's Legacy to his Daughters,
1774, 12mo. New ed., 1813. Trans, into French and
Italian by John Sivrac, 1794, 12mo.
"These letters were written by a tender father in a decliuing
state of hefilth for the instruction of his daughters. They contain
a rich treasure of admonition and advice." — Etiit'tr's Preface.
5. Whole Works, with Life by Mr. Tytler, (since Lord
Woodhouselee.J Edin., 17SS, 4 vols. cr. Svo. Another ac-
count of Dr. Gregory's Life was written by Wm. Smellie,
and pub. with his Lives of Kames, Hume, and Smith,
ISOn. Svo.
Gregory, John Mark. 1. Geography and Ilist. of
Moses. Edin.. 1702, 4to. 2. Sepulchres of the Ancients
and their Munuments, Lon., 1712.
Gregory, Joseph. Hist. Discourses. Lon., 1792, Svo.
Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, LL.D., 1774-1841, a
native of Yaxley. Huntingdonshire, became mathematical
master of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in 1S02,
and subsequently attained the Professor's chair, which he
resignetl in 1838 in consequence of failing health. His first
work, pub. at the age of nineteen, was entitled (1) Lessons,
Astronomical and Philosophical, for the Amusement and
Instruction of British Youth, Lon., 1793, '97, 12mo: 4th
ed., 1S13.
*' An excellent little book, worthy of all the popularity it has
acquired." — Goodhugh's Lib. Man.
Among his other works are — 2. Astronomy, 1802, Svo.
3. Mechanics, 1806, '07, '15, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Trans, of
Hauy's Nat. Philos., 1807, 2 vols. Svo. 5. Letters to a
Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the
Christian Religion, ISlo, 2 vols. 12rao ; 9th ed., 1851, 12mo.
By the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc, 1853, ISmo.
*' He has united with extraordinary attainments in the severer
sciences the art of recommending his sentiments with imprtssive
effect; and he exhibits, in an eminent degree, the most important
ingredients of good writing. . . . We are acquainted with no book
in the circle of English literature which is equally calculated to
give young persons just views of the evidence, the nature, and
the importance of revealed religion." — Kobebt IIall: Lo7i. £clectic
Hev.; and see Hall's collected writings, ed. 1Sd3, vol. iv. 144.
6. Elements of Plane and Spher. Trigonometry, 1816,
12mo. 7. Mathemat. for Prac. Men, 1825, Svo; 3d ed.,
1848, Svo. 8. Memoir.s, &c. of J. M. Good, M.D., 1S2S, Svo.
" It is truly refi'eshing to turn from the drivelling autobiogra-
phies of the day to this interesting volume." — Spirit and Manners
of the Age, March, 1S28.
9. Hutton's Mathemat. Tables, with 7 addit. Tables,
1S30, 8vo. 10. Hutton's Course of Mathemat., by 0.
Gregory and T. S. Davies, 12th ed., 1840, 2 vols. Svo.
11. Hints to the Teachers of Mathemat., 1840, 12mo.
Dr. G. was the editor of Pantalogia, (see Good, John
Mason, M.D.,) and from 1S17 had the superintendence
of the almanacs pub. by the Stationers' Company of
London, a duty in which he succeeded Dr. Huttun. A
biographical sketch of Dr. Gregory will be found in Lon.
Gent. Mag. for April, 1841.
Gregory, Thomas. Serms., Ac, 1694, '96, 1708,
all Svo.
Gregory, Wm, Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1738.
Gregory, Wm. Journal of a Captured Missionary, <fec.,
Lon., ISOtl, Svo.
Gregory, Wm., M.D., d. 185S, Prof, of Chemistry in the "
Univ. of Edinburgh, one of the most distinguished chemists
of his age. was a descendant of James Gregory. {1639-
1675,) the distinguished inventor of the reflecting telescope.
See G»EGOUY, David; Gregory, Duncan Farquh arson j
Gregory, James. Outlines of Chemistry: Pt. 1, Inor-
ganic Chemistry ; Part 2, Organic Chemistry; 3d ed., 1848,
Svo. Amer. ed., enlarged by J. M. Sanders, M.D., LL.D.
737
GRE
Prof, of Chemistry in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cin-
cinnati, ISol, Svo.
" This is beyond comparison the best introduction to Chemistry
which has yet appeared." — Lnn. Lanci't. ' '
2. Hand-booltof Organic Chemistry, 1852, 8ro. 3. Hand-
boolt of Inorganic Chemistry, 3d ed!, 1S5H, 12mo. 4. Lie-
big's Animal Chemistry; edited liy Dr. G.; 3d ed., 1842,
Svo. 5. Liebig's Instruc. for the Chemical Analysis of
Organic Bodies; trans, by Dr. G. 6. Liebig's Researches
on the Chemistry of Food : edited by Dr. G., 1847, Svo.
7. Liebig's Researches on the Motion of the Juices in the
Animal Body; edited by Dr. G., 1S4S, Svo. S. Letters to
a Candid Enquirer on Animal Magnetism. New ed. in
course of preparation in 1853.
" A volume destined, we believe, to excite considerable atten-
tion, both from the nature of its subject and the position of the
writer." — Lon. Notes (inft Qua-ks.
9. Baron Von Reiehenbach's Researches on Magnet-
ism, &c. ; trans, by Dr. G., Svo.
" The merits of this remarkable volume are great." — North Brit.
Ba\
10. Liebig's Chemistry in its Application to Agricnlt.
and Physiology; edited by Dr. G. and Dr. Lyon Piayfair;
4th ed., 1847, Svo.
"Its acceptance as a standard is unavoidable; for, following
closely in the straight path of inductive philosophy, the conclu-
sions which are drawn from its data are incontrovertible." — SUli-
man's Journal.
11. Elements of Chemistry, by the late Dr. Turner, 8th
ed., 1S47, Svo.
"The present is, in short, the most complete and the most
luminous system of Chemistry in the English Ittuguage: and we
know not one in France or (rermany that comes near it." — iyiin.
Med. and Surg. J<mr., Jan. 1. 1847.
Gregson, H. Suggestions for Improving the Condi-
tion of the Industrious Classes by establishing Friendly
Societies and Savings Banks, Lon., 1830, Svo.
Gregson, Joseph. 1. Fashionable Furniture, 1812,
12mo. 2. Fires of London, 1812, Svo.
Gregson, Matthew. Fragments rel. to the Hist,
and Autiq. of Lancaster, 1817, fol.
Gregson, Moses. Serm., 1760. '70, both Svo.
Greig, George. Serm., 1809, '12, both Svo.
Greig, John. Arithmet., Astronom., and other works,
1798-1810.
Greig, W'm, Ro.id Police, Dul)!., 1818, Svo.
Greisley, Sir Roger,— Greslcy is the family name,
but Sir Roger was an antiquary, and inserted another
letter,— 1801-1837, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford.
1. Sir Philip Gasteneys, a Minor; a Tale, 1829, 12mo.
2. The Life .and Pontificate of Gregory VII., 1832, Svo.
" He had, during his travels in Italy, imbibed a thorough ab-
horrence of the abominations and usurpations of the Roman 8ee,
and this was the offspring of it."— i</». Gent. Mag.. Pec. 1837. q. r.
Grellier, J. J. i; Loans of the last 50 Years, Lou.,
1799, Svo. 2. Hist, of the National Debt, 1810, Svo. A
work of authority.
Grenewly, Richard. The Annates of Cornelius
Tacitus. The Description of Germanic, Lon., 1598, fol.
Grenfell, John. Bank-Notes, Lon,, 1814, Svo.
Grenfcll, Pascoe, 17ti2-lS3S, M.P., a British mer-
chant, and warm supporter of Wilberforco in his efforts for
the abolition of the .-^lave-trade. Speech in the II. of C,
Lon., 1816. Svo. Such men are to be "held in all honour."
Grenfield, E. W. Serm., Lon., ISll.
Grenfield, Henry. Poems, Lon., 1686, Svo.
Grenville, Denis. See Green-ville.
Grenville, George. See Gr.vnville.
Grenville, George Nugent, Lord. 1. Portugal ;
a Poem, 2d ed., Lon., 1812, 4to.
^ "Twice, with the most patient attention, have we read every
line of this poem, and twice have we risen from the perusal * per-
plexed in the extreme.' Lord George Nugent (irenville has. it is
certain, published a poem under the title of Portugal ; but, though
the stream of verse is sufficiently smooth, it is so prodigiouslv deep
that our plummets have in very few places indeed been able to
find the bottom." — Lon. (^uar. Kev., vii. 151-1.58, q. v.
2. Oxford and Locke, 1829. Relates to the expulsion
of Locke from the Univ. of O.-cford, and defends the Uni-
versity against the censures of Dugald Stewart.
Grenville, George, 1702-1770. M.P., filled the
offices of Treasurer of the Navy, First Lord of the Admi-
ralty, First Lord of the Treasury, and (1765) Chancellor
of the Exchequer. 1. Consider.itions on the Commerce
and Finances of England. 2. The Present State of the
Nation, 1769, Svo. This was ascribed to Mr. Grenville,
and also to his former secretary, Mr. Knox. It was
answered by Edmund Burke in Observations on a late
Publication entitled The Present State of the Nation,
1769. Svo.
" It is not going too far to E.iy that there is scarcely one of Mr.
GRE
Grenville's positions, except the last, which Mr. Burke has not
completely overthrown. His tract is indeed one of the very best
speciineus of a review that h.as ever been published, displaying all
..his deep thinking, with much of his elorjuence and R;ircasm."^
McVallocli's Lit. of roHl. Ei-rm.. q. r. And see Uitike, Kdmcnd.
Mr. Grenville noticed Mr. Burke's strictures in An Ap-
pendix to The Present State of the Nation, ic, 1769, Svo.
Mr. Grenville and his brother Richard— Earl Temple —
were actively engaged in the politics of the d.ay ; and
much valu.able information will be found in their corre-
spondence, entitled The (irenville Papers, from the Origi-
nal MSS., preserved at Stowe. Edited by W. J. Smith,
(late librarian at Stowe.) 4 vols. Svo, 1852-53. In the
third vol. will be found some matter offered as evidence to
prove that Lord Temple was author of The Letters of
Junius. See Juml's.
Grenville, or Greenvil, .Sir Richard. 1. Fight
about the Isles of Azonas, Lon., 1591, 4to. 2. Expeditions
to Cadiz and Rhee, 1724, Svo. See Clarendon's Hist, of
the Rebellion.
Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, 1759-1834,
Chancellor of the Univ. of Oxford, and a statesman of
great abilities, was the third son of George Grenville;
(see ante.) 1. Speech, Lon., 1789, '91, Svo. 2. Speech,
1798, Svo. 3. Speech, 1803, Svo. 4. Letters of the Earl
of Chatham to Thomas Pitt, 1804, Svo. 5. New Plan of
Finance, 1806, Svo. 6. Letter to the Earl of Fingal, 1810.
7. Nuga; Metrics, 1824, 4to. Copies of this work are of
rare occurrence, having been bought up by the family.
It has been said that these Poems and the " PrimitiJB et
Keliquias" of the Marquis of Wellesley are the most clas-
sical Latin compositions of the present century. S. State
Papers between him and Chauvelin, 1793, Svo.
Grcsham, James. The Story of Cinyras and Myrrha,
Lon., 1626, 12mo.
Gresley, Richard N. Law of Evidence in the CIs.
of Equity, Lon., 1836, Svo; Phila.. 1S37, Svo; 2d ed., by
C. A. Calvert, 1847, r. Svo ; Phil.a., 1S48, Svo.
".\ complete and highly satisfactory work." — Marvin^s Lpg. Bill.
'_*'riiis new edition of a very useful work displays erudition and
skill of no common character." — Lon. Law Mag.
The lawyer should add to this excellent work E. R.
Daniell's Chancery Practice, R. G. Welford's Equity
Pleadings, Ac. Judge Story's great work on Equity
Pleadings will of course claim many of "his days and
nights."
Gresley, Sir Roger. See Greislet.
Gresley, \V., Preb. of Lincoln, a very popular writer,
has given to the world (pub. 1835-51) the'following works:
1. Anglo-Catholicism. 2. Bernard Leslie. 3. Charles Le-
ver. 4. Church Clavering. 5. Clement Walton. 6. Col-
ton Green. 7. Coniston Hall. 8. Ecclesiastes Anglieanus.
9. Evangelical Truth and Apostolical Order. 10. Forest
of Arden. 11. Fnank's First Trip to the Continent.
12. Help to Prayer. 13. Henri de Clermont. 14. Holi-
day Tales. 15. Ordinance of Confession. 16. Portrait of
an English Churchman. 17. Real Danger of the Ch. of
Eng. ; 1st statement. 18. Second statement. 19. Third
statement. 20. Serms. on the Duties of a Christian.
21. Ditto at Oxford. 22. Do. Parochial. 23. Do. Pr.acti-
cal. 24. Siege of Lichfield. 25. Short Treatise on the
English Church. 26. Suggestions on the New Statute to
be proposed in the Univ. of Oxford.
".4mong the writers who of late have sought to revive the
practical teaching of the English Church in a popular form, few
have been more successful than the author of Bernard Leslie."
Gressop, Thomas. Pope's Primacie, Lon., 1560, Svo.
This is a trans, from Nilus, Archbp. of Thessalonica.
Greswell, Edward, Fellow of Corpus Christi Coll.,
Oxf., a son of the Rev. M'illiam Parr Greswell, (see post.)
1. An Expos, of the Parables and other parts of the Gos-
pels, Lon., lS34-3i), 5 vols. Svo. An elaborate review of
this " great and learned work" will be found in the Brit.
Crit. for Oct. 1835. 2. Ilarmonia Evangelica, Oxon., 1830,
Svo ; 4th ed., 1845, Svo. Part 6 was first added in 3d
ed., 1S40, Svo. R. Mimpriss's English Harmony should
accompany Greswell's work. 3. Dissertations upon the
Principles and Arrangement of a Harmony of the Gos-
pels, 1830, 3 vols. Svo; Supp. Dissert., 1834, Svo; 2d ed.,
1837, 4 vols, in 5, Svo. In the 2d ed. the Supp. Disserts,
have been incorporated and much new matter added.
" His Harmony forms but a portion of the valuable critical
appaiatus which he has constructed for the benefit of the critical
student ; and, taken together with the Dissertations, it will enable
the reader to make himself master of the whole range of inquiry
relating to the chronology of the New Testament and the struc-
ture and composition of the Gospels."— Zon. Eclectic Jtev., June,
1S38.
4. Fasti Temporis Calliolici, et Origenes Kalendarice,
1852, 5 vols. Svo; and General Tables, 4to.
GRE
GRE
Greswell, Wm, 1. Comment, on the Burinl Service,
Oxf., 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Popular View of the Corresp. be-
tween the Mosaic Ritual and the Facts and Doctrines of
the Christian Religion, 1834, 8vn.
"A valuable accession to the tracts which have already been
written thereon. Mr. Greswell has clearly proved and confirmed
the doctriue of the Apostle, that the law was merely a shadow of
good thiugs to come.*' — Ltm. Chris. Rem^mhranc>:r.
Greswell, William Parr, Incumbent of Denton,
parish of Manchester, father of the Rev. Edward Gres-
well. (see ante,) d. 1S5-1, aged 89. 1. Memoirs of Angelus
Politianus, kc, Manches.. 1801, '05, 8vo.
"An elei:antly-written and hi^hly-interestintr work." — Horne.
2. Annals of Parisian Typography, 181S, 8vo. 3. A
View of the Early Parisian Greek Press. Edited by bis
son, Edward Greswell, Oxf., 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Bruuet
remarks of these two works:
"Ces deux ouvraiTL's sont des compilations qui ne renferment
presque aucuu fait ntiuveau. et oil nous avons remarque bien des
inexactitudes. Neanmoins. lis se font lire avec inteiet.' — ManuH
du Lihraire. (£c.
'■Those who love to peruse such (bibliographical) researches
will find a rich treat in these volumes." — Lfji. AthPDfrum .
"It displays f;reat learning and research." — Lon. Lit. GazdU.
4. A Sequel to No. 3. This was suppressed. 5. The
Monastery of St. Werburg ; a Poem, with Notes, 1S23, 8vo.
GreJtbn, George, D.D. A Charge, Lon., 1812.
Gretton, Phillip*'., D.D. Serms..*tc.,1725-32,all8vo.
Greville, Brit. India Analyzed, Lou.. 1793. 3 vols. 8vo.
Greville, Kl. Hon. Charles. Con. on Nat. Philos.
to Phil. Trans.. 1798. 1803, and Nicb. Jour., 17il9. 1803.
Greville, Mrs. Frances, was a daughter of James
Macartney, the wife of Fulke Greville, and the mother
of the celebrated beauty, Mrs. Crewe, and of Capt. Wil-
liam Fulke Greville. She wrote, about 1753, a short
poem, entitled Prayer for Indifference, which obtained
wide popularity, aud elicited several responses, of which
the best-known is that by the Countess of C , pre-
sumed to be Isabella, Countess of Carlisle, who died in
1793.
Greville, Fwike, Fulk, or Fonlk, Lord Brooke,
155i-162S, was son to Sir Fulke Grevill, of Beauchamp
Court, in Warwickshire. He was entered of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and subsequently completed his studies
at Oxford. After attaining distinction at court and being
honoured by a seat at the Privy Council, he was assassi-
nated by one of bis domestics, named Ralph Hey wood.
He was so much attached to an illustriuus contemporary
poet that he styled himself on bis tombstone "The
Friend of Sin Philip SinNKv:"and he wrote — 1. Tiie
Life of the renowned Sir Philiji Sidney, pub. in 1(152,
12mo. Reprinted by Sir Egertuu Brydges at the private
press of Lee Priory, Kent, 1816, 2 vols.r. Svo. 2. A Letter
to an Hon. Lady. 3. A Letter of Travell. 4. Cielica; a
collection of 109 Songs. 5. A Treatise of Human Learn-
ing, in 15 stanzas. 6. An Inqui.sition upon Fame and
Honour, in 86 stanzas. 7. A Treatise of Warres, in 68
stanzas. S. Alaham ; a Tragedy. 9. Mustapha; a Tra-
gedy. These tragedies, with a Letter to a Lady and the
Poems mentioned above, were pub. in a " squab folio,"
Lon., 1633, under the title of Certaine Learned and Ele-
gant Workes of the Right Honourable Fulke, Lord Brooke,
written in his Youth, and Familiar Exercise with Sir
Philip Sidney. Some of the smaller pieces had appeared
in England's Helicon, 1600. 10. A Speech in Parliament,
recorded by Lord Bacon. 11. Remains; being Poems on
Morality and Religion, 1670, 8vo. The two following
have been ascribed to him, but are disputed; — 12. Five
Yeares of King James, 1643, '51, 4to. 13. M. Tullius
Cicero ; a Tragedy. Lord Brooke's works, whatever their
merits, are certainly not of that character which can com-
mand attention beyond their own age.
'• A man of much note iu his time, hut one of those admired
wits who have lost much of their reputation in the eyes of pos-
terity. A thousand accidents of birth, court-favour, or popularity,
concur sometimes to gild a slender proportion of merit."— HW-
polf's R. t£ iV. Authors.
"Notwithstanding Lord Orford's detracting estimate of this
nobleman, he appears to have had a taste for all kinds of polite
learning, though his inclination as well as his genius led him par-
ticularly to poetry and history: and Phillips or Milton [Theatrum
Poetarum] remarks, that in all his poems is observable a close.
mysterious, and sententious way of writing, but without much
regard to elegancy of style or smoothness of verse." — Park.
" The author has been so careful [in Mustapha] in observing the
Rules of Aristotle and Horace, that whereas Horace says,
' Neo quarta loqui persona laboret,'
he has in no scene throughout introduced above two .Speakers,
except in the Chorus between each Act: and even there he ob-
serves all the Rules laid down by that great Master in the Art of
Poetry." — Latif/b'iitif^'.^ Dramatick B:>ets.
Bolton, in his Hypercritica, styles this tragedy the
" Matchless Mustapha ;" and Davies of Hereford inscribed
fourteen lines **to the immortal memory and deserved
honour of the writer of the tragedy of Mustapha." Sir
Philip Sidney thus welcomes his two " worthy friends and
fellow-poets, Sir Edward Dyer and Mr. Fulke Grevill."
" Welcome my two to uie!
The number best beloved,
Within my heart you be
In friendship unremoved.
Joyne hands and hearts, so let it he,
Make but one minde in bodies three."
Other stdmas ; vide Davidson's PoeticaU Wiapsodtf, 1G02.
Bishop Corbet thought his lordship's accomplishments
worthy of commemuration :
" The plirase aud welcome of the knight did make
The seat more elegant; every word he spake
Was wine and music."
Visit to Lord Brool; in h is Her Boreale.
Baxter, the celebrated Nonconformist, thus refers to his
Poems of Monarchy and Religion :
'■8ir Fulk (Jrevill. Lord Brook, a man of great note in his age,
hath a poem lately printed (ItiTO) for subject's liberty, which I
greatly wonder this age could bear." — Prefatory Address Uj Baa^
ter's Poetical Frotjments^ 1681.
'•These two Tragedies of Lord Brooke [Alaham and Mustapha]
might with more propriety have been termed political treatises
than plays. Their author has strangely contrived to make pas-
sion, character, and interest^ of the highest order, subservient to
the expression of state dogmas and mysteries. . . . Whether we
look into his pl.iys, or his most passionate love-poems, we shall
find all frozen and made rigid with intellect." — Charles L\mb.
'■The titles of Lord Brooke's poems. A Treatise of Human Learn-
ing. A Treatise of Monarchy. A Treatise of Religion, An Inquisi-
tion upon Fame and Honour, lead us to anticipate more of sense
than fancy. In this we are not deceived ; his mind was pregnant
with deep reflection upon multifaiious learning, but he struggles
to give utterance to thoughts which he had not fully endowed
with words, and amidst the shackles of rhyme aud metre which
he had not learned to manage. Hence, of all our poets he may be
reckoned the most obscure; in aiming at condensation he becomes
elliptical beyond the bounds of the language, and his rhymes,
beiog forced for the sake of sound, leave all meaning behind. Lord
Brooke's poetry is chiefly worth notice as an indicatiuu of that
thinking spirit upon political science which was to produce the
riper speculations of Ilobbes, and Harrington, and Locke." — HaU
lanVs Lit. Hist, of Europe.
"As to Fulke Greville. he is like nothing but one of his own
' Prologues spoken by the ghost of an old king of Ormus.' a truly
formidable and inviting personage: his style is apocalyptical^
cabalistical, a knot worthy of such an apparition to untie; and
for the unravelling a passage or two, I would stand the brunt of
an encounter with so portentous a commentator.'" — Haditt's Table
Tall-: 0/ Pa-sovs One Would M'tsh to Have .Se^n.
GreviHe, Fulke, grandson of the fifth Lord Brooke,
and husband of Mrs. Frances Greville. 1. Maxims, Cha-
racters, and Reflections, Lon. 1757, '6S, Svo.
'■A work of considerable reputatiou." — Lim. Month . Rn'..JVov.l7QQ.
2. Reflection ; a Poem, 1790, 4to. 3. Letter to the
Monthly Reviewers, 1790, Svo. See Lon. Month. Rev.,
ubi eupra.
Greville, Henry F. Polit.,<te.works,lS04-ll,all8vo.
Greville, Robert, Lord Brooke, slain in the Parlia-
mentary army at Lichfield in 1643, iu bis thirty-fifth year,
was the adopted heir and successor to his cousin Fulke
Greville, Lord Brooke. 1. The Nature of Truth, Lon.,
1641, Svo. 2. A Discourse opening the Nature of that
Episcopie which is Exercised in England, 1641, 4to.
'•Assisted thendn by some puritanical minister, and printed
when the press was open to receive all books against the preroga-
tive aud bishops." — Athen. Oxon.
" Dedicated to the parliament by him who, both for his life and
for his death, deserves that what advice he left should not lie by
without perusal." — John Milton: Prose Wurls^q.v.
3. Two Speeches at Guildhall, 1642, 4to. 4. Answer to
the Speech of Philip, Earl of Pembroke, kc, 1642, 4to.
Not the production of Greville, but drawn up by the Earl
of Clarendon as containing Greville's sentiments. 5. Speech
at Election, 1643, 4to.
Lord Clarendon considered that Greville's death was a
judgment of Providence:
" It is observable that the same man who was by one party
looked upon as a monument of divine vengeance was by the
other reverenced as a saint. Baxter has placed Lord Brooke in
heaven together with White, Pym, and Hampden." — Granger's
Biog. Hist, of Eng.
" A person who for the nobleness of his extraction, and many
personal endowments, deserved a better fate; at least to have
fallen in a better cause: and who. had he lived, (it is believed by
his friends.) would soon have seen through the pretences of a
taction." — Sir Wm. Dugdale's Baronage.
But this supposition elicits the violent indignation of
Horace Walpole:
*' There is not the least reason to suppo.ie that this Lord Brooke
would have abandoned his principles." — R. tnnl N. Authors, q. v.
See also Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's State Worthies; Lord
Clarendon's Life and Hist.; Lodge's Illust.
Greville, Robert Kaye, 1. The Scottish Crypto-
gamic Flora, Edin., 1822-2S, 6 vols. r. Svo, 360 plates,
739
GRE
col'd, £16 16». ; uncol'J, £10 10». This should accompany
the 36 vols, of Sowerby's English Bulimy, which work Joes
not comprehend Cryptogamous Plants. Greville's work
is of the highest authority :
'* A truly admirable work, whether we consider the importance
of its critical discussions, the accuracy of the drawings, or the
miouteuess of the analyses."— io(W*>n*s Gm-dmi. Afag.
2. Flora Edinensis; Plants of Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo.
3. Algffi Britannica;, Svo. 4. R. K. G. and Sir Wm. J.
Hooker. Icones Filicum ; or, Figures and Descrip. of Ferns,
&c., 1829-31, 2 vols, fol., 240 plates ; col'd, £25 4«. ; un-
col'd, £12 12s. This is Sir Wm. J. Hooker's greatest
work, V. n.
Grew, J., M.D. Yellow Fever at Gibraltar, Ac.
Grew, Nehemiah, M.D., 162S?-1711, an eminent
vegetable anatomist and physiologist, was a son of the
Kev. Dr. Obadiah Grew, (see }i'Mt.) He was a man of great
learning and piety, and in his writings endeavoured to
lead his readers
"From Nature up to Nature's God."
1. The Anatomy of Vegetables, Lon., 1672, Svo. 2. Ana-
tomy of Plants, 1G72, Svo. 3. Idea of a Phytological
Hist, of Plants, Ac, 1673, '75, '77, Svo. 4. Anatomy of
Plants, Ac, 1682, fol.
" The first book of his Anatomy of Plants, which is the title
given to three separate works, when published collectively in 1682,
contains the whole of bis physiological theory, which is developed
at length in those that follow. The nature of vegetation and its
processes seem to have been unknown when he begau, save that
commou observation and the moreaccurate experience of gardeners
and others must have collected the obvious truths of vegetable
anatomy." — HalUim's Lit. Hist, of EiiTopi;, q. v.
For an account of Grew and his other works, see Biog.
Brit. ; Ward's Gresham ; Rees's Cyc. ; Funl. Serm., by
Shower. Grew tells us that his Cosmologia Sacra was writ-
ten chiefly to demonstrate the truth and excellency of the
Bible.
Grew, Obadiah, D.D., 1607-1698, father of the pre-
ceding, minister of St. Michael's, Coventry, was ejected at
the Restoration, for nonconformity. 1. Serm., 1663, 4to.
2. Serm., 16711, Svo. 3. Meditations upon the Parable of
the Prodigal .Son, 1678, 4to.
Grey. The Essential Principles of the Wealth of Na-
tions ; Illustrated in opposition to some False Doctrines
of Dr. Adam Smith and others, 1797, Svo.
Grey, Earl. The Colonial Policy of Lord J. Rus-
sell's Administration, Lon., 1853, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., with
addits., 1855, 2 vols. Svo.
Grey, Mrs. Colonel, has fairly earned a title to be
ranked as one of the most popular novelists of the day.
Among her works (pub. 1830-58) .are— 1. Alice Seymour.
2. Aline. 3. Belle of the Familj'. 4. Bosom Friend. 5.
Daughters. 6. Duke and the Cousin. 7. Gambler's Wife.
8. Hy.acinthe. 9. Little Wife, and The Baronet's Daugh-
ters. 10. Mary Seaham. 11. Old Country House. 12. Old
Dower House 13. Rectory Guest. 14. Sibyl Leonard. 15.
Young Prima Donna. 16. Young Husban.l. 17. Two Hearts.
Grey, Arthur, Lord. Services of Wm., Lord Grey
of Wilton. Edit, by Sir P. de Malpas G. Egerton, Camden
Soc, Lon., 1847, 4to.
Grey, Auchitell, thirty years M.P. for the county
of Derby. Debates of the House of Commons, 1667-
94, Lon., 1763, 10 vols. Svo.
Grey, Ford Lord. 1-5. Pamphlets, 1738-50; see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 6. The Secret Hist, of the Rye-
House Plot and of Monmouth's Rebellion, 1754, Svo.
Grey, Capt. Sir George, K.C.B., 1848; Lieut,-Gov.
S. Australia, 1841 ; Gov. of New Zealand, 1846: Gov., Ac
of the Cape of Good Hope, 1854. 1. Journals of Two E.\-
peditions in N.W. and Western Australia in 1837-39, Lon..
1841, 2 vols. Svo.
" We have rarely seen a more interesting book."— ion. Biaminer.
2. 'Vocabulary of the Dialect of S.W. Australia. 1841,
]8mo. 3. Polynesian Mythology, and Ancient Traditional
Hist, of the New Zealand Race. 1855, p. Svo. "Valuable
as presenting many points of affinity between the Poly-
nesian and other mythologies." See a Letter to Sir George,
by Sir T. Tancred. (on Criminals,) and another by R. B.
Sanderson. Jan., (on Apprenticeship.) both 1857, Svo.
Grey, Lady Jane, 1537-1554, a descendant of Ed-
ward IV. and Henry VII., and still more illustrious for
her virtues and accomplishments, has already largely
claimed our notice in our Life of Roger AscH.ur. Her
Literary Remains— which consist of Latin Epistles and
Verses, English Letters, devout treatises, Ac— were nub
m 1 vol p. Svo, 1825, by Sir N. H. Nicolas. In addition
to the histories of England, see Biog. Brit. ; Fo.v's M'lr
tjrs; BaUard's Memoirs; Strype's Memoirs; Park's w'al- |
GRE
pole's R. and N. Authors ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Nichols's
Leicestershire under Broailgate Park ; and see conclusion
of this article. Although only between sixteen and seven-
teen years of age at the time of her death. Lady Jane
t?:ls one of the best scholars England has produced.
Edward VI. was considered a prodigy of learning, but
Lady Jane far excelled him. Indeed, the fame of this
learned child was sounded throughout Europe, and was
the pride of the great Latinists and Grecians at home :
*'The French, Italian. Lutiu. and Greek, especially, were .is
natural to her as her own ; tor she not only undersbxid them per-
fectly, but spoke and wrote them with the greatest freedom ; and
this not in the opinion of supei-ficial judges, but of lUr. Ascham
and Dr. Aylmer, meu who in point of veracity are as much above
suspicion as in respect to their abilities they were incapable of
being deceived : meu who for their learning were the wonder of
their own times and of ours; the former famous for Jioman accu-
racy, the latter one of the seveiest criticks in those learned times.
She was versed likewise in Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic, and all
this while a perfect chili."— Biog. Brit.
"Aristotle's praise of women is perfected in her. She possesses
good manuets. prudence, and a love of laltour. She possesses
every talent without the least weakness of her sex. She speaks
French and Italian as well as she does English. She writes
readily and with propriety. She has more than once spoken
Greek to me." — Rooer Ascham.
" She had the ionoceucy of childhood, the beauty of youth, the
solidity of middle, the gravity of old, age; . . . the birth of a
princess, the learning of a clerk, the life of a saint, yet the death
of a martyr for her parents' ofTences."— FuHcr's Holy State.
The following work contains some letters, Ac of Lady
Jane's, and interesting details respecting her history and
thiit of the time:— Historia de la Vita e de !a Morte de
Illustriss. Signora Giovanua Graia gia Regina eletta e
publicata d'lnghilterra, Ac, por Michel-angelo Florio.
Appresso Richardo Pittore, 1607, sm. Svo.
Grey, Lt.-Col. John. Polit. Tracts, Lon., 1810,
both Svo.
Grey, Maria G., and her sister Emily Shirreff.
Thoughts on Self-Culture, addressed to Women, Lon ,
1850, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" We have never perused a work addressed to women more full
of practical common sense."— Ladies' (Amer.) Natioiial Hag.
Grey, Nicholas, 1590-1660, a native of London,
Master of the Charterhouse School, 1614; of Merchant
Taylors' School, 1624; of Eton, 1631; ejected during the
Rebellion, and restored at the Restoration. 1. Luculenta
e Sacra Scriptur.a, Ac, Lon., 1647, '66, Svo. 2. A Dic-
tionary in Lat.-Eng. and Eng.-Lat. 3. Parabote Evan-
gelicje, Ac, Svo.
" Noted for a pure Latinist and Grecian."- jK/iot. Oxm ,ov-
and see M ilsons Uist. of Merchant Taylors' School: Uarwood's
Alumni Ltouenses.
Grey, Richard, D.D., 1694-1771, a native of New-
castle, entered of Lincoln Coll., Oxf., 1712; Rector of Ilin-
ton, Northamptonshire, 1721; became Rector of Kincote,
Leicestershire, and Preb. of St. Paul's. His principal
works are :— 1. Memoria Technica, Lon., 1730, '32, '75, '92.
Last ed., 1851, 12mo. Abridged by J. H. Todd, 1840, 18mo!
2. Eng. Eccles. Law, 1730, '32, '36, '43, Svo. The last is
the bested. 3. Hebrew without Points, 1738, Svo. 4. Liber
Jobi, in Versicnios Metrice Divisus, Ac, 1742, Svo.
"A learned and valuable Kork."— Home's Bilil. Bih.
Grey's Liber Jobi was criticized by Mr.— afterwards
Bishop— Warburton, and Gray responded in (5) An An-
swer to Mr. Warburton's Remarks, Ac, 1744, Svo.
" Dr. Grey was a disciple of Schultens and Hare. lu his Job he
adopts the transLition of the former and the metrical arrange-
meut of the latter."— Oraic's Bibl. Bib.
6. The Last Words of David, divided according to tha
Metre, with Notes Crit. and Explan., 1749, 4to.
"Ingenious and elegant, and was intended as a specimen of a
translation of the poetical passages of the Old Testament, but
which I believe was never published."— Ormc's Bibl. Bib.
Dr. Grey pub. a number of sermons, Ac.
Grey, Kobert Hyde. 1. Scotch Farming in tha
Lothians, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Scotch Farming in Eng-
land, 1842, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1685, 4to.
Grey, Thomas, Earl of Stamford. Speech at the
Quarter Sessions, Leicester, Lon., 1692, 4to.
Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1715, 12mo.
Grey, Thomas de. 1. The Compleat Horseman
and Expert Farrier, 1651, '56, '70, 4to. 2. Expert Far-
rier, 1752, Svo.
Grey, Wm. Chorographia: or, a Survey of New-
castle-upon-Tyne, Newcast., 1649, sm. 4to; 1813, sm. fol.
Rejuinted in Harleian Miscell., vol. iii.
lirey. Sir Wm. de. The Gout, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Grey, Zachary, LL.D., 1687-1766, educated at Jesus
Coll., Camb., became Rector of Houghton Conquest, Bed-
fordshire, and Vicar of St, Peter's and St. Giles's, Cam-
bridge. His best-known work— the edit, of Uudibras
GRE
GRI
has been alrearly noticed in our life of Samuel Butler.
AmoDg his other publications are An Examination of the
2d, 3d, and 4th books, &c. of Neal's Hist, of the Puritans,
(pub. by Grey, 17^6, '37, '39, '44,) many pieces against
the Dit-senters, and several pamphlet? against Bishop War-
burton, Oidmixon, &e. Grey was a contributor to Peck's
Desiderata, and assisted Whalley in his ed. of Shakspeare.
For a detailed account of his literary labours consult
Nichols's Lit. Anec. ; Cole's MS. Athence in BriL Museum ;
Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Warburton's attack on Grey's Hudibras was not consi-
dered especially complimentary. In his Preface to Shak-
speare he does not hesitate to say that he
" Hardly thinks there ever appwtred in any learned language
so execralile a heap of nonsense under the name of Commentaries
as hath lately been given us on this satiric po«t."
Fielding refers to our author as
"The laborious, much-read Dr. Zachary Grey, of whose abun-
dant notes to Hudibras I shall only say that it is. I am contident,
the single book extant in which above 500 -luthors are quoted
not one of which could be found in the collection of the late Dr.
Mead." — Pnfiice to Voyage tn Lishon.
Yet Dr. Warton remarks that
"If Butler is worth i-eading he is worth explaining; and the re-
searches used for so valuable and elegant a purpose merit the thanks
of genius and candour, not the satire of prejudice and ignorance."
Greyson, T. Obs. on the V. Disease, 1796, Svo.
Grice, Charles Valentine Le, See Le Grice.
Gi'ice, Thomas. Short Vindic. of the Coustit. of
the Ch. of Eng., Lou., 1689, 4to.
Gridley, Jeremiah, d. 1767, Attorney-General of
the Province of Massachusetts, a distinguished lawyer,
wrote many articles of grent merit in The Weekly Re-
hearsal, pub. in Boston, 1731, Ac, of which he was editor.
See Thomas's Hist, of Printing; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.,
1st series, iii. 301, v. 212; Bost. Postboy, Sept. 14, 1767;
Minot, i. S8-y0 ; Gordon, i. 141 ; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Grier, Rev. Richard. 1. Answer to Ward's Errata
of the Prot. Bible, Lon., 1812, 4to. 2. Epit. of the General
Councils of the Church, 325-1563, Ac, Dubl., 1828, 8vo.
"A very useful compendium, particularly to those who have
not the opportunity of consulting the gieat collections." — Bicler-
sieih's C. S.
Grier, Wra. 1. Mechanics' Pocket Dictionary, Edin.,
12mo. 2. Mechanics' Calculator, 12mo.
" M'e do not know a more useful companion than this work
■would prove to all persons going out to new or thinly-peopled
count ries." — Mdropul, Mug.
Grierson, Constantia, d. 1733, aged 27, a native
of Kilkenny, born in an humble sphere of life, attained
celebrity by her learning and piety. Her husband, George
Grierson, was a printer in Dublin, and Lord Carteret gave
the family the lucrative patent office of King's Printer in
Ireland. The patent expired in 1846. 1. An ed. of Taci-
tus, Dubl., 1730, 3 vols. Svo. Dedicated to Lord Carteret.
" Dr. Harwood esteems her Tacitus one of the best-edited books
ever published."
2. An ed. of Terence. Dedicated to Lord Carteret's son,
to whom she also wrote a Greek epigram. See Ballard's
Memoirs; Gibber's Lives; Pref. to Mrs. Barber's Poems;
Boswell's Life of Johnson.
Grierson, James, M.D. 1. Delineation of St. An-
drew's, 1807, ]2mo. 2. Miueralogical con. to Thorn. Ann.
Philos.. 1813, '14. '17.
Grierson, Rev, James. Treatise on the Lord's
Supper, Edin., 1839, fp. Svo.
'• The addresses are very scriptural." — Edin. Chris. Instriic.
Grieve, James, M.D. 1. Trans, of Celsus, Of Medi-
cine, Lon., 1756, Svo. 2. Hist, of Kamtschatka, Ac, from
the Russian of Kraskeninicoff, 1763, 4to. Glouces.j 1764,
4to. Also pub. at St. Petersburg.
Grieve, John, M.D. 1. Dropsy; Med. Com., 1785.
2. Koumiss Wine; Trans. Soc, Edin., 17SS.
Grieve, Wm, Con. to Med. Com., 17S5.
Griffies, Thomas. The Journey to Brighton; an
Heroic-Comic Poem, Lon.. 1788, 4to.
Griffin, Rev. Mr. Future State, Lon., 1755, Svo.
Griffin, Anthony. Astrolog. Judgment, 1655, Svo.
Griffin, B. Fidessa more Chaste than Kinde, 1596,
16mo ; Chiswiek, 1815. 100 copies printed, with an
advertisement by Mr. Singer. This is a collection of
amatory sonnets.
Griffin, Rev. Edmund Dorr, 1S04-1830, a native
of Wyoming, Pennsylvania, was the son of George Griffin.
LL.D., a member of the New York Bar, and the author
of a volume pub. in 1850, entitled The Gospel Its Own
Advocate, N. York, 12mo. The subject of this notice
entered Columbia Coll., N. York. 1S19; graduated, 1823;
ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church, 1826. On his
return from a trip to Europe in 1830, taken with the hope
of benefiting bis health, he delivered a course of lectures
in Columbia College on Roman, Italian, and English Lite-
rature, which gave great satisfaction. Literary remains,
edited by his brother, F. Griffin, with a Memoir by Rev.
John McVickar, D.D., N. York, 1S31. 2 vols. Svo. These
vols, contain poems, journals from his tour in Europe, and
extracts from his lectures.
*■ We cannot doubt for a moment that thousands of British hearts
will be touched with affection and esteem for the delightful character
of their American brother.'' — Blackwood's Mug.
An interesting notice of Griffin, and a review of his
Literary Remains, by Wm. Cullen Bryant, will be found
in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxiv. 119-144. See also a paper
by Rev. N. L. Frothingham, in Chris. Exam., xi. 270, and
one by R. Palmer, in Chris. Quar. Rev., iii. 651.
Griffin, Edward Dorr, D.D., 1770-1837, President
of Williams College, Mass., 1821-36, bad previously to his
election been Prof, of Pulpit Eloquence in the Theolog. Sem.
at Audover, and was settled as a minister both at Newark
and Boston. Sixty Serms. on Prac. Subjects, N.Y'., Svo.
'*Oue of the most popular pulpit orators Americi has produced.
He had taste, and feeling, and enthusiasm, and his powers of de-
scription were unrivalled.'* — English notice. See the Life of Dr.
Griffin, by Rev. W. B. Sprague, pub. in N. York.
Griffin, Edward Loggin. Original instruments rel.
to the diocese of Gloucester, Cirenc, 1720. Svo.
Griffin, Eliz. Juvenile Tales. &c., 1799. &c.
Griffin, Frederick. Junius Discovered, Bost, 1854,
12mo. See Junius.
Griffin, George, LL.D. The Gospel its own Advo-
cate, N. York, 1S50. 12mo. See Griffin. Rev. Edmund D.
Griffin, Gerald, 1803-1840, a novelist of some note,
was a native of Limerick, emigrated to London in his
twentieth year, and became first a reporter for the daily
press, and subsequently an author. In 1S3S he joined the
Christian Brotherhood (R. Catholic) of Cork, and two years
laterwascutoff by afever. His first publication — Holland-
Tide, or Munster Popular Tales — appeared in 1827; and
their reception was so encouraging that he was induced to
give to the world, in the same year, his Tales of the Mun-
ster Festivals. The contents of the collective ed. of hig
works, pub. in 8 vols. fp. Svo, 1842-43, and again in 1846,
are as follows : Vol. I. Life, by his Brother. II. Collegians.
III. Card-Drawing; The Half Sir; Suil-Dhuv. IV. The
Rivals; Tracy's Ambition. V.Holland-Tide. VI. Duke
of Monmouth. VII. Tales of the Jury-Room. VIII.
Poetry. To the first vol. of above series, and to Miss Mit-
ford's Recollections of a Literary Life, we must refer the
reader for further information respecting Griffin and his lite-
rary labours. See also Dublin Univ. Mag., xxiii. 157-170.
'■The author of the Collegians must live; and as an able de-
lineator of our national feelinj^s — as an expounder of that subtlest
of problems, the Irish heart — he cannot be forgotten; but with
Carleton, and Baoim, and Jliss Edgeworth, and one or two more,
ho will take his place in our Irish firmament, and form a portion
of that galaxy to which we are wont to look with wonder and
pride." — Dublin Univ. Mag.^ vhi supra.
" The book that, above any other, speaks to me of the trials, the
sufferings, the broken heart of a man of genius, is that Life of
Gerald Griffin, written by a brother worthy of him, which precedes
the only edition of his collected works."' — 5liss Mitford : ubi supra.
Griffin, Gregory. The Microcosm; a Periodical
Work, by G. G., 2d ed., 1786, Svo; 1787. Svo; Windsor,
17S8, Svo ; 1790, 2 vols. 12mo. Written by four Etonians,
John Smith, George Canning, Robert Smith, and John
Frere, with occasional assistance from other Etonians.
Griffin, John, 1769-1S34, minister of an Independent
congregation at Portsea, wrote some theolog. treatises, Ac.
Memoirs and Remains of, by bis sons, Lon., 1S40, Svo.
"It may be fairly placed with the lives of Matthew and Philip
Henry; and Thomas Scott, and works of that profitable character."
— Lon. Evangd. Mag.
Griffin, John J. The Radical Theory of Chemistry,
or. Svo.
Griffin, Robert. Interest Tables, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Griffin, W. Culture of the Pine-Apple, 1810, Svo.
Griffinhoof, Arthur. The Maskers of Moorfields;
a Vision, 1815.
Griffith, Capt. Military Law, Proceed, of Courts-
Martial, &c., Lun., 1841, 12mo.
Griffith, Alex. Strena Vavasoriensis ; an account of
the doctrine, &c. of Vavasor Powell, <fec., Lon., 1654, 4to.
Other theolog. works.
Griffith, Amyas. Tythes, Lon., 1787, Svo.
Griffith, C, M.D. Walcheren Fever, Lon., ISIO, Svo.
Griffith, Edward. 1. Vertebrated and Carnivorous
Animals, Lon., 1821, 2 vols. r. Svo. 2. Cuvier's Animal
Kingdom; trans, by E. G. and others. 16 vols, in demy
Svo, £26 S*. ; in r. Svr-. eol'd, £51 12s.; in demy 4to, In-
dia proof, £52 168, pp. 9U00, 814 engravings.
741
GRI
GRI
Griffith, Edward. 1. Ancient Records, Ac, Lon.,
1827. Sv... 2. K.-;l-iii|>. I'miii l'.>ur Rates, ISMIl, 8vo.
Griltith, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 17113. a lady of Welsh
descent, acquired some eminence as a novelist. Slie wrote,
in conjunction with her husband, Richard Griffith, Tii«
Letters of Henry and Frances, and two novels, Delicate
Dishes and The Gordian Knot. Mrs. G-. also wrote a num-
ber of other worlts, among which are Lady Barton ; Juli-
ana Harley; some dramas; The Morality of Shakspcare's
Dramas Illustrated, &c. See Lon. Gent. Mag., xl. ?.&i ;
Ixiii. 10-1; Victor's Works; Miss Seward's Letters; Biog.
Dramat.
Gritiith, Evan. Scrm. at the Funl. of Sir Matt. Hale,
on Isa. Ivii. 1, Lon,, 1G77, 4to.
Gritiith, George, Bishop of St. Asaph. Discourses
on the Lord's Supper ; edit, by A. Allam, Oxon., 1684, Svo.
Gritiith, George, D.D. Gueddcr Arglwydd Wedi ei
Hcgluro ; mewn amry w ym.adroddiou, neu Bregetheu Byr-
rion, Rbydychen, 1685, Svo.
Gritiith, Major, and Mrs. George Darby. A
Journey from India across the Desert, Lon., 1844, 2 vols,
8to.
*' We cordially commend this work." — Lon. Globe.
Griffith, Guyon. Con. to Archaiol., 1770, '74, '76.
Gritiith, Ileury, d. 1788, was the author of several
novels.
Gritiith, J. VV., M.D. 1. Urinary Deposits, Lon.,
1843. 12mo. 2. Manual on the Blood, 1846, 12mo. 3. By
J. W. Gritfith and Arthur Ileufrey, Micrographic Dic-
tionary, lSo4-.^6, sm. 4to. A work of great value.
Gritiith, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1655, '81.
Gritiith, John. Serms. and Discourses, 1701-07.
Gritiith, John, a preacher in the Society of Friends,
came to America in 1726, and travelled through N. Jersey,
Penua., ifec. 1. Brief Remarks, Lon., 1764, Svo. 2. A
Journal of his Life, Travels, and Labours in the Work of
the Ministry, 1779, Svo.
Griffith, John, M.D. 1. French Monuments, 1803,
Svo. 2. Travels in Europe, Asia Minor, and Arabia, Lon.,
ISOo, 4to. These travels have been trans, into French.
3. Worm-Shells; Phil. Trans., 1S06.
Griffith, John. Serms., Lon., 1823, all 4to.
Griffith, Jnlia. Autographs for Freedom, edited by
J. G., N. York, 12mo.
Griffith, Matthew, D.D. Serms., ic, Lon., 1632-
66, all 4to.
Griffith, Mattie. Poem3,nowfirst collected, N.York,
1862, 12mo.
Griffith, Michael. See Alford.
Griffith, Moses, M.D. Fevers, 1776, '95, Svo.
Gritiith, Owen. Funl. Serm., 16S1, Svo.
Griffith, Richard. A-la-mode Phlebotomy no good
Fashion, Lon.. 1681, Svo.
Griffith, Richard, an Irishman, the husband of
ELIZ.4BETH Griffith. <7. p. The Triumvirate, 1764, 2 vols.
12mo. A disrei>utable novel. He pub. some other works
in conjunction with his wife.
Gritiith, Richard. Med. treatises, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Griffith, Richard. Inland Navig,ation, 1795.
Griffith, Richard, Jr. Geolog. and Mining Surveys,
Dulil., 1S14-1S, 2 vols. Svo.
Griffith, Robert. Serms., Ac, 1711-21.
Griffith, Robert Egglesfield, M.D., of Philadel-
phia. 1. Medical Botany, Phila., 1S47, Svo. 2. Universal
Formulary, 2d ed., pub. after the decease of the author;
edited by Robert P. Thom.as, M.D., 1856, Svo. Dr. Griffith,
in addition to other professi(mal literary labours, edited
medical works of MuUer, Taylor, Christison, Garrad,
Payne, Ac.
Griffith, Roger. River Thames, Lon., 1746, Svo.
Griffith, Sophia. She Would be a Heroine, Lon.,
1S16, 3 vols. 12mo.
Griffith, Thomas. Serms., 1757-73.
Griffith, Thomas, minister of Ram's Chapel, Homer-
ton. 1. Lects. on Confirmation and the Lord's Supper,
Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Serms., 1S3S, 12mo. Much esteemed.
Other works.
Griffith, W. P. 1. Temples of Greece, 1843, r. Svo;
3d ed., 1847, r. 4to. 2. Natural System of Architecture,
Lon., 1845, r. 4to. 3. Ancient Gothic Churches, 1847, r.
4to. 4. Architectural Botany, 1852, 4to.
Gritfith, \V. See Grvffith.
Griffith, \Vm. Legal treatises, Ac.
Griffiths, Charles, M.D. Hepatitis, 1816, Svo.
Gritfiths, John, M.D. See Gkikfith.
Griffiths, John Willis, b. Oct. 6, 1809, in the city
of New York, senior editor of the Nautical Magazine. 1.
713 °
Treatise on Marino and Naval Architecture; or. Theory
and Practice blended in Ship-Building, N. Y'ork, 1850,
large 4to, pp. 420, 60 plates ; 4th ed., 1854, 2 vols. sm. 4to.
'• Not only valuiible, but almost iuclispens.iljle, to the modern
ship-tmilder." — Truhncr's Bibl. Guide to Aiii'r. Lit.
"Also highly commended by Bell, Westervelt, Smith A
Dimon, McKay, Hart, and Skiddy, eminent ship-builders
in America, and by Mr. Aug. Normaud, of Havre. 2. Ship-
Builder's Manual and Nautical Referee, 1853, 2 vols. sm.
4to, pp. 40(1.
Griffiths, Joshua. Ordination serm., Lon., 1754, Svo.
Griffiths, Lemuel. F'ast serm., 1760, Svo.
Griffiths, Ralph, LL.D., d. 1803, the editor and pro-
prietor of the Monthly Review, established this work in
1749, and continued his supervision until his death. The
Review lived almost a century — ex]iiring in 1842. Much
interesting information relating to Griffiths and his Re-
view will be found in Prior's Life of Goldsmith, and other
records of the literature of the time; and we may be per-
mitted to refer to an article by the present writer, entitled
A Review of Reviews, No. II., in Putnam's (N. Y'ork)
Monthly Magazine for March, 1853.
Griffiths, Roger. See Griffith.
Griffiths, Thomas, Prof, of Chemistry in the Med.
Coll. of St. Bart. Hospital, London. 1. Recreations in
Chemistry, Lon., 1841. fp. Svo ; 1860, 12mo. 2. Chemistry
of the Four Ancient Elements, 1842, fp. Svo; 1851, 12mo.
3. Chemistry of the Four Seasons, 1846, p. Svo; 1S53,
12mo.
'•This volume illustrates in a simple, popular, and amusing
manner the chemical physiolO(^y of plants.'' — Brit, and For. M^d.
Jiev.
4. The Writing-Desk and its Contents, 1844, fp. Svo.
5. Chemistry of the Crystal Palace, 1S51, 12mo. 6. Out-
lines of Chemistrv, 18mo.
Griffiths, win. Farriery, Wrexham, 1784, '87, Svo.
Griffitts, Samuel Powel, M.D., 1759-1826, a dis-
tinguished physician of Philadelphia, and a native of that
city, a man of great learning, piety, and usefulness, was
one of the editors of the (Medical) Eclectic Repertory.
An interesting biography of Dr. Griffitts will be found in
Thacher's Ainer. Med. Biog.
Gritl'yth, John. Serm., Lon., 1698, 4to.
Griflyth, or Griffith, W. Villare Hibernicum,
1690, 4to.
Grigby, George. Heights and Dist.inces, Ac,
1807, 4to.
Grigg, or Greg, John or Wm. Medical advice to
the Female Sex, Bath, 1789, '9.3, Svo.
Grigman, Stephen. Serm., 1728, 4to.
Griggs, Messrs. General View of the Agricult. of
the County of Essex, Lon., 1794, 4to.
" The iuformalion seems to be sufiioieutly correct, and the re-
marks are judicious." — Dimdtdson^s AgricuJt. Biog.
Grigor, Alexander. 1. Game Laws of Scotland,
Edin., Svo. 2. Reports of the Genl. Assembly of Ch. of
Scot, for 1834, 1834, Svo.
Grigsby, Hugh Blair, b. in Norfolk, Virginia, 1806,
son of the Rev. Beujamin Grigsby, was a member of the
Virginia Convention of 1829-30, respecting which body
he wrote a Discourse in 1853, which was delivered before
the Historical Society of Virginia. He also wrote a Dis-
course on the Virginia Convention of 1776, which was
delivered before the College of William and Mary in Vir-
ginia, on the 3d of July, 1S55; pub. in the same year.
" It treats in a clear, concise style, which freiiuently rises to the
level of high oratory, and which is throughout well sustained
and deeply attractive, the entire history of the Convention in
question, embracing admirable biographies of its meml>ers.
Among the m,Hny glimpses which we have had of late montfis of
Revolutionary History — thanks to the patriotism and zeaf of our
Historical Societies — we can recall none more deserving of com-
mendation than this, as set forth in the volume before us. We
commend it with the assurance th.it every one interested in Ame-
rican history will add it to his library."
Mr. Grigsby has contributed a number of articles to the
Southern Literary Messenger; among which is an inte-
resting paper on the Randolph Library.
Grim, C. F. Register of Deeds, N. York, 1822, Svo.
Grimald, Nicholas. See Grimbold.
Grimaldi, Stacey. Origines Genealogicse; or, the
Sources whence English Genealogies may be traced from
the Conquest to the Present Time, 1828, 4to.
" Mr. Grimaldi must ensure to himself the lespect of antiquaries
and the gratitude of his profession." — Lon. Kttrosp.iiev., N. S., i.
620 1 1827.
Grimbald, Nicholas. See Grimbold.
Grimblot, Paul. Letters of William III. and Louis
XIV., and of their Ministers, Lon., 1S4S, 2 vols. Svo. This
i important work illustrates the domestic and foreign politics
GRI
of England from the Peace of Ryswick to the Accession
of Philip V. of Spain, 1697-1700.
"The Letters of William III. are both the most authentic and
the most satisfactory explanation of his policy duriui; the three
momentous years that closed the seventeenth century. — lULl-iM.
"The interval between the I'eace of llyswick and the breaking
out of the Rre-it war in 1702, though a short is a most interesting
cue."— Lord Chesterfield.
" The literary value of this work is very great, and it abounds
in new and interesting particulars; while it has the immense ad-
Tantage of present in-Y.u- the first time, in an accessible and popu-
lar form, a mass of d.ic\iinents which will enable every one to ap-
preciate the natiniial importance of the interests involved in the
great question of the Spanish Succession."— B/m. J!a:
"Before closiug these volumes, we must bear more particular
testimouy to the great care bestowed upon them by the editor."—
Zon. Athenmun.
" A valuable collection of official papers, illustrative of a par-
ticular period."— imi. Spedulnr.
Grimbolil, Grimald, Grimbald, or Grimoald,
Nicholas, il. about 1563, an English poet, educated at
Cambridge and Oxford, opened a rhetorical lecture in the
refectory of Christ Church, Cxford, wrote verses, and a
Latin tragedy, and made translations from the Greek and
Latin poets. His Latin tragedy of John the Baptist was
pub. in 1518 ; trans, from Cicero, 1553, '56, '58, '68, '74,
'96; from Virgil, 1591; Oratio, 1583; and his Songes
("written by N. G.") will be found annexed to the Songes
and Sonnettes of uncertain Auctours, printed by TotteU.
For further particulars, see authorities cited below.
" He is the second English poet after Lord Surrey who wrote in
blank verse. Nor is it his only praise that he was the first who
followed in this new path of v'ersilication. To the style of blank
verse e.vhibited by Surrey, he added now strength, elegance, and
modulation. . . . ttrimoald, as a writer of verses in rhyme, yields
to none of his cotemporaries for a masterly choice of chaste ex-
pression, and the concise elegancies of didactic versification. Some
of the couplets, in his poem In Pr.^ise of Moderation, have all
the smartness which marks the modern style of sententious poetry,
and would have done honom- to Pope's ethic Epistles."— JRirtoil's
Sist. of Ely- l'"'t- ..
"Nor was this polish of langmage peculiar to Surrey and his
friend, [Wyatt.] In the short poems of Lord Vaux, and of others
about the same time, even in those of Nicholas (Grimoald, a lec-
turer at Oxford, who was no courtier, but had acciuired a classical
taste, we find a rejection of obsolete and trivial phrases, and the
beginning of what we now call the style of our older poetry."—
Ballam's Lit. Hist, of Euinpe.
" In the disposition and conduct of his cadences he often ap-
proaches to the le;;itimate structure of the improved blank verse,
ihough not entirely free from tho.se dissonances and asperities
which still adhered to the general character of our diction."—
Erdss Spec, of the Early Eng. Poets.
See also Bale; Tanner; Strype's Cranmer; Bliss s
Wood's Athen. IJxon.
Grimes, Thomas. The Farrier, Lon., 1636, 12mo.
Grimestoiie, or Grimstbiie, Edward, trans, the
Hist, of Ostcnd, of the Netherlands, of Spain, and other
works, Lon., Hi01-3o. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Grimestoii, Elizabeth. See Guymkston.
Griraestoii, William, Lord Viscount. See
Grimston.
Grimke, Frederick, a brother of Thomas Smith
Grimke, (see jiost.) The Nature and Tendency of Free
Institutions, Cincin., 1S48, Svo.
Grimke, John F., d. 1819, Judge of the Supreme
Ct. of S. Carolina, and a colonel in the war of the Revolu-
tion. 1. Law of Executors for S. Carolina, Svo. 2. Public
Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1790, -Ito. 3. Justice of the
Peace, 2d ed., 1796, Svo.
Grimke, Thomas Smith, 17S6-1S34, a native of
Charleston, S. Carolina, educated at Yale College, became
an eminent lawyer and politician in his native State. He
was the author of a number of orations, Ac. on legal,
educational, .and other topics, and in 1831 pub. a vol. of
Addresses on Science, Education, and Literature, New
Haven, 12mo.
Grimoald, Nicholas. See GnniBOLn.
Grimshaw, A. II. See Grimshaw, Wm.
Grimshaw, Wm., 1708-1763, Perpetual Curate of
Haworth, Yorkshire. Principles of True Christianity
Vindicated, Lon., 12mo. See Memoirs of the Life of W.
S., by Rev. John Newton, 1799, 12mo.
Grimshaw, Wm., 17S2-1S52, a native of Green-
castle, Ireland, emigrated to America in 1815, and lived
for many years in Philadelphia and its vicinity. 1. Hist,
of England ; 2. of France ; 3. of Greece ; i. of the U.
States ; 5. of Rome ; 6. of S. America and Mexico. 7.
Life of Napoleon. 8. Etymological Dictionary. 9. Gen-
tleman's Lexicon. 10. Ladies' Lexicon. 11. Merchant's
Law Book. 12. Form Book. 13. American Chesterfield.
Mr. G. also pub. Questions and Keys to his histories, re-
vised eds. of Goldsmith's Rome, Greece, Ac, of Ramsay's
Life of Washington, and of Baine's Hist, of the Wars
GRI
growing out of the French Revolution. Since his decease
a revised ed. of his Hist, of the U. States has been pub.
by A. H. Grimshaw.
Grimshawe, Rev. T. S. 1. Memoir of Legh Rich-
mond, Lon., 1S28, Svo; 11th eil., 1846, 12ino. 2. Cowper's
Works and Life, 1835, 8 vols. 12mo. Last ed., 1847, 8 vols.
12mo. Of this ed. 70,000 had been issued up to 1853,
when the 8 vols, were repub., in 1 vol. r. Svo, by Phillips,
Sampson k Co., of Boston, Mass. We have already
noticed Grimshawe's ed. of Cowper, q. v. 3. On the Future
Restoration and Conversion of the Jews, 1843, 12nio.
Grimstou. Argument cone. Bishops, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Grimstoii, Hon. Miss. Arrangement of the Com-
mon Prayer Book and Lessons, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo,
ISmo, and 32ino. The entire Morning Service is contained
in 1 vol., and the entire Evening Service in another vol.
Printed in large type.
Grimston, Edward. See Grimf.ston.
Grimston, Elizabeth. See Grv.mestos.
Grimston, Sir Harbottle, MP., 1594M683. an
eminent lawyer, Speaker of the House of Commons, Mas-
ter of the Rolls, 1660-83, was a warm yet moderate sup-
porter of the popular side during the Civil Wars temp.
Charles L He w,as a son-in-law of Sir George Croke,
and pub. his reports, v. n. 1. Speech rel. to Archbp. Laud,
Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Sirena Christian.a, 1644, 24mo. In
English, Camb., 1644, Svo. 3. Sir George Croke's Reports.
Grimston, Henry. 1. A Short Account of various
Charitable Institutions in 6. Brit, for the Benefit of the
Poor and lutirm, Lon., 1794, Svo. 2. Perkins's Metallic
Tractors, ISIIl, 12mo; 2d ed., 1S05.
Grimston, William, Lord Viscount, 1692 ?-1756.
The Lawyer's Fortune ; or, Love in a Hollow Tree. Lon.,
1705, 4to; 1736, Svo and 12mo. Sine anno, iio. Rotter-
dam, 1728, 12mo. This comedy was written when the author
was only thirteen years of age. He subsequently bought
up all the copies "he could find. When he was a candi-
date for the borough of St. Alban's, Sar.ah, Duchess of
Marlborough, repub. his lordship's juvenile efiusion, (1736,
12mo,) and had it circulated .among the electors. His lord-
ship, who was really a most worthy man, was ridiculed both
by Pope and Swift. The former, referring to the peer's
residence at Gorhambury, near St. .-Vlbau's, exclaims:
"Sh.Hdes that to Bacon did retreat alTord
Are now the portion of a tjoohtf Lord."
And Swift says:
"The leaden crown devolv'd to thee,
Great poet of the Hollow Tree."
This is all very absurd when considered as levelled
against the efl'usions of a bard of thirteen years of age.
See Wbincop's List of Drainaf. Poets; Biog. Dramat.
Griudal, or Gryndall, Edmund, D.D., 1519-158.3,
a native of Hinsingham, Cumberland, educated at Mag-
dalen Coll., Christ's Coll., and Pembroke H.all, Camb.;
Fellow of Pembroke Hall, 1538; President, 1549; Preb.
of Westminster, 1552 ; fled to Strasbourg on the accession
of Mary in 1553; returned home on the accession of Eliza-
beth, 155S, and assisted in compiling the new liturgy;
Bishopof London. 1559; Archbishop of York, 1570; trans,
to Canterbury, 1575. He was an eloquent preacher, and
so zealous for the advancement of religion that he refused
to obey Elizabeth when she ordered him to substitute^ the
reading of homilies for pnlpit ministrations — to "abridge
the number of preachers and put down the religious exer-
cises." This firmness led to his being sequestered for a
time by her majesty. 1. Profitable and Necessaryo Doc-
trine, Ac, Lon.[ 1555, 4to. 2. A Serm., 1564, 4to and Svo.
The same in L.atin, by John Fox, 1564, 4to. 3. Rem.ains,
edit, for the Parker Society by the Rev. Wm. Nicholson,
Rector of St. Maurice, Winchester, Camb., 1843, Svo. He
assisted Fox in his Acts and Monuments.
" Queen Elizabeth highly fiivouring him for his learning, piety
and modesty, and single life, fill at last he lost her love by the
mischievous practices of his enemies. His fault was for keeping
others from breaking two of God's comm.andments." — Fulkr's
Worthier of Ciimberla7id.
See Strype's Life of Grindal, Lon., 1710, fol. ; Oxf., 1821,
Svo; A Brief and True Account of Edm. Grindal, 1710,
8to; Memorhals resp. his Suspension, Ac, 1710, Svo;
Biog. Brit.; Harrington's Brief View of the State of the
Ch. of Eng. ; Le Neve's Lives of the Bishops ; Hutchin-
son's Cumberland, vol. xi.
Grindal, Wm. See Gryndall.
Grindall, Richard. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1757.
Grindlay, Capt. Robert Melville. 1. Views in
India, Lon., 1826, '30, atlas 4to, 36 plates, £8 Ss. ; col'd,
£12 12s.
"CiiRlSTOPnER North. 'A beautiful and splendid work.'
" SuBPflEBD. 'There maun be thousans o' leebraries^ in Britain,
713
GRI
private and public, that ought to ha« sic a warlt.' "—Nodes Am-
orosiantB.
2. Sculptures in the Cave-Temples of Ellora, 1830, r. fol.;
8 plates. 3. Map of India, 1837. 4. Hints for Travellers
to India, detailing the Several Routes, 1847, 12mo.
Griufield, Rev. Edward William. X. Novum
Testamentum Grajcum, Editio Hellenistica, 2 vols. Scho-
lia in N. T. instruxit atque ornavit E. Grinfleld, 2 vols.;
LoD., 1843-48, 4 vols. 8vo. Designed to show the close
connexion of the Greek Testament with the Septuagint.
It contains upwards of 30,000 doctrin.al and grammatical
illustrations, which are arranged respectively under each
verse for the convenience of the Student and Divine. We
need hardly say that the lahours of the editor have been
great indeed : to quote from his Preface :
" Per decern annos in hffic Editione eonlicienda operam studi-
uraque inipens^ elocavi."
He intended to have increased his labours by the addi-
tion of a threefold collation of the Hebrew, "lXX., and
New Testament. For an account of this truly great work
we must refer to Home's Bibl. Bibl., and the London
Chris. Rememb. for April, 1848.
2. Apology for the Septuagint, in which its Claims to
Biblical and Canonical Authority are stated and vindi-
cated, 1850, 8vo.
" This Apology may be regarded as a natural sequel to my Hel-
lenistic Edition of the Greek Testament."— £x(rac( fram tia Pre-
face,
By a recent statute of the Senate at Oxford, the study
of the Septuagint is, for the first time, made indispensable
to all who stand for honours. Mr. Grinfield has pub. a
number of serms. and theolog. and other treatises.
Grinfield, Thomas. Poems, Serm., Ac, 1815-22.
Griiivile, See Grenville.
Grisaunt, Wm., a physician, astronomer, and mathe-
matician of the 14th century, studied at Merton Coll., Oxf ,
and subsequently removed, first to Montpellierand then to
Marseilles, where he practised with great reputation. Bale
and Pits give lists of his works, none of which are known
to be extant. See Bale: Pits; Aikin's Mem. of Med
Gnscom, John, Prof, of Chemistry and Natural
Philos. m the N. York Institution. A Year in Europe,
1818-19, N. York, 1S23, 2 vols. 8vo.
" ^'^ ,''?''?'y ^^"^ '^ "■»'* "f «1«al size that contains so many
practical details and statements respecting those European esta-
blishments which may now be rendered useful in our own practical
country. ... It is a book which, in all respects, does credit to its
author as a member of the Society of Friends, and can therefore
hardly fail of being interesting and useful to the public."— George
Ticknor: N. Amer. Jtev., xviii. 178-192; 1824, q.v.
Grisdale, Browne, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1789 4to
Grisenthwaite, Wm. 1. Sleep ; a Poem, Ac, Lon
1812, 12mo. 2. New Theory of Agricult., 1820, 12mo
"The pity IS that any notice of agriculture should be concealed-
for, though little or no substantial good may accrue from such
essays as the above work, yet it is pleasant to read the nibblinrrs
of any imagination at objects that are beyond its reach, and pi°o-
bably too big for its capacity. Such attempts have sometimes
caught the subject m the true light, and hence amply repaid all
former exertions."— ZJojmWson's Agricult. Jliog.
Griswold, Alexander Viets, D.D., of the Episco-
pal Church, Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, d. in Boston
Mass., 184.3, aged 76. For particulars connected with the
career of this excellent prelate we refer the reader to his
Memoirs by John S. Stone, D.D., Phila., 8vo ; Northamp-
ton, Svo. 1. On the Reformation and the Apostolic Office
Best. 2. Serm.s., Phila., 1830, Svo. 3. Prayers, N. York'
4. Remarks on Social Prayer-Meetings, Bos't., 1858 12mo
See a Memoir by S. K. Lothrop, in the Chris. Exam., xxxix
248, and one by S. W. S. Button, in the N. EngLinder, iii. 22?'
Griswold, C. D The Isthmus of Panama, and
What I Saw There, N. York, 1852, 12mc
Griswold, Hiram. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct of
Sr',?' '", I;f!«. t'^lumbus, 1846, Svo. This is lettered Vol.
XIV. of Ohio Reports.
Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, D.D., 1815-1S57 a
native of Benson, Rutland county, Vermont, is a descend-
ant m the ninth generation from George Griswold, of Ken-
ilworth, England, and on the mothers side is descended
in the eighth degree from Thomas Mayhew, the first
Ooyernor of Martha's Vineyard. The fubjeit of thfs
notice seems to have divided the earlier years of his life
between his duties as a minister in the Baptist Church
and the literary man.-,gement of a number of journals in
several of the princip.al cities of the Union. Among the'e
may be mentioned The New Yorker, The Brother Jona'
than, and the New World. In 1842-43 he was the editor
of Graham's Magazine; and from August, 1850, to April
1852 conducted The International Magazine, the plan
Of which was projected by himself. Dr. GriWold was
GRI
a voluminous author, and had achieved an amount of
labour at an early period of life— for the productions upon
which his reputation is chiefly founded have been before
the puljlic for a number of years— highly creditable to his
literary industry. In addition to the works which we .are
about to notice, he gave to the world from time to time,
without his name, partly or entirely written by himself,
six or eight ivorks on history and biography," a novel,
seven discourses on historical and philosophical subjects,
and contributions to magazines and newspapers sufficient
to fill a dozen octavo volumes.
1. Poems, N. York, 1841, 12mo. Anon. 2. Sermons.
1841, 12mo.
"Ilis acquirements in theology are very extensive. . . . In theo-
logy he IS all bone and muscle. Ilis sermons are his Buest compo-
sitions. and he delivers them from the pulpit with taste and elo-
quence."—E. P. Wdipple.
3. The Biographical Annual for 1842, 12mo. An excel-
lent plan, and one which it would be well to revive.
4. The Curiosities of American Literature. This was
pub. as an appendix to an American ed. of Disraeli's
Curiosities of Literature. 5. The Poets and Poetry of
America, Phila,, 1842, Svo; 16th ed., continued to the pre-
sent time, 1855. This work was a great advance upon all
attempts of a similar character which had preceded it ; and
in this volume and the two works which followed it The
Prose Writers of America and the Female Poets of Ame-
rica—we had presented for the first time A Survey of the
Literature of the United States. From the many notices
before us of these invaluable volumes— to which the pre-
sent work has been greatly indebted— we regret that our
quotations must be so few in number and so brief in
extent.
From Baron Frederick Von Raumer, of Prussia:
_ "It is performing a valuable service when a man of taste and
information makes a suitable, well-assorted selection, and guides
the friend of Poetry in his rambles through those groves from
which he might otherwise be deterred bv their immensity Such
service has been rendered by Mr. Griswold in his Poets and Poetrv
of America." •'
From the London Examiner :
"We must not forget to thank Mr. Griswold for his good taste
and good feeling. It would be difficult to overpraise either,"
From Thomas Campbell, author of The Pleasures of
Hope :
" Mr. Griswold's work is honourable to the character and genius
of the American jjeople." ^
From Bishop Potter's Hand-Book for Readers :
"The critical and biographical notes are brief but discriminative
and elegant.
From the North American Review, Iviii. 1-39 Jan
1844, by E. P. Whipple : •
"Although we deem .Mr. Griswold deserving of a little gentle
correction for his literary beneficence, we are not insensible to his
merits. The work belore us must have demanded the labour of
years. . .We think therefore that Mr. Griswold has succeeded
as well in his task as the nature of the case admitted; that his
patient research and general correctness of taste are worthy of
piai.se; that his difficulties and temptations would have extenu-
ated far graver errors than he has committed, and that his volume
well deserves the approbation it has received "
From Edgar A. Poe's Literati :
™!.f,^™ ^J'T f°,°?^ '° America who could or who wotdd have
« i h hei„d ™ "^ here undertaken, at once so well in accordance
oV tb ^.-'l I =^T,,' °f v""* "'l'^'*'' """' "" '^'^'^ *° 'he satisfaction
^„IH = ^^li ^- " ^''^°'''^' ^l"" embarrassments, the great diffl-
the scenes "'^ achievement are not easily estimated by those before
Sixteenth edition. From the Knickerbocker Magazine
for October, 1855 : s*"""
"We can ask no better attestation of the value of a book so nre-
tentious and expensive as this, than the simple word, «>?eS
ed.Um upon the title-page. The successive editions ot' The Ss
and Poetry of America h.ave all been, more or less, improvements
upon their predecessors; but the present one is so mSch and ia
all cases changed for the better, as to have theappearance of a new
work , . .Printed separately as a series of critical biographi'r
Dr. Griswold's Lives of the American Poets would constHute a
work of remarkable elegance and of signal historical va°ue "
From the North American Review for Jan. 1856. bv the
editor, Rev. Dr. Peabody : ^
"In these sketches we find reason to admire the authors im-
partiality and kindness. We have been unable to find a sinV?e
ins ance in which he has suffered any of the usual grounds oTtr^
judice to warp his judgment or to scant his eulogyfanS where U
has teen his duty to refer to obliquities of tern Jer and conduct
he has done so with singular delicacy and gentleness." """'
1852 ^""^ ^'°^^ Writers of America, 1846, Svo; 4th ed.,
From Wm. H. Prescott, author of Ferdinand and Isa-
bella :
„»'liVVr.'"' r ™P°':t'">t and interesting contribution to our
national literature. The range of authors is very wide; the bio-
gr. phical notices full and interesting. I am surprised that the
author h.as been able to collect so many particulars in this wav
The selections appear to me to be made with discrimination, and
GRI
GRO
the criticism shows a sound taste and a correct appreciation of the
qualities of the writers, as well as 1 can judge."
From Wm. C. Bryant :
"We are ylad to pussess, in this form, portions of many authors
whose entire works we should never own, and, if we did, should
probably never find time to read. We confess our obligations to
the author also for the personal information concerning them
■which he has collected in the memoirs prefixed to their writings.
These :ire written in a manner creditable to the research, ability,
and kindness of the author."
From Literary Criticisms, by Horace Binney Wallace :
*'He has done a useful work, and he has done it well. The
book now beluie us is more than respeclal'le; it is executed ably,
and in many parts brilliantly. In suuie respects it is au extra-
ordinary worit; such as few men in America, perh.ips, besides its
author, could have produced, and he only after years of sedulous
investigation, and under many advantages of circumstance or
accident. He has long shown himself to be of Cicero's mind:
^ JUi/ii quidan nuUi satis eruditio videntur, qidbus tuistra ignota
sunt.'' The distiibution of the various writers into their classes,
and the selectiuu of representatives of each class or type, exhibit
much fikill. Many passages present fine specimens of acute, ori-
ginal, and just criticism, eloquently delivered. We differ from
Mr. Griswold sometimes, but never without feeling that we owe it
to the public in all cases to give a reason why we do not assent to
the conclusions of EO candid and discriminating a judge."
From the Knickerbocker Magazine :
"We commend The Prose Writers of America to a wide na-
tional acceptance; with the especial advice to the reader not to
overlook the excellent introductory Essay on the Intellectual
History, Condition, and Prospects of the Country, which contains
many noteworthy suggestions and much valuable iulbrmation."
From Henry T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American
Literature, appended to the Amer. ed. of Shaw's Outlines
of Literature :
" For the chief critical and biographical history of literature in
the United ^^tates, we are indebted to Kufus W.Oriswold, whose
two copious and interesting volumes, [Nos. o and 6,] so popular at
home and abroad, give an elaborate account of what has been done
by American writers from the foundation of the country to the
present hour. These works are the fruit of great research and an
enthusiasm for native literature as rare as it is patriotic."
From Edgar A. Pue's Literati :
" The best of the series [Nos. 5, 6 and 7] is, beyond all question,
The Prose Authors of America. This is a book of which any
critic in the country might well be proud, without refereuce to the
mere industry and research manifested in its compilation. These
are truly remarkable; but the vigour of comment and force of
style are not less so; while more independence aud seltreliance
are manifested than jo any other of the series. There is not a
weak paper in the book; and some of the articles are able iu all
respects."
See also South. Lit. Messenger, xiii. 209, 381 ; South.
Quar. Review, xxi. 114.
7. The Female Puets of America, 1848, 8vo ; 5th ed.,
continued to 1856, puV>. Philadelphia, 1S57. 8. The Prose
Works of John Milton, with a Critical Memoir, 1845, 2
vols. Svo. First Amer. ed. 9. Washington uud the Gene-
rals of the American Revolution, 1847, - vols. This work
was edited and partly written by Dr. Griswold : he was
assisted in it by W. G. Siinms, E. D. Ingraham, and others.
10. Napoleon and the Marshals uf the Empire, (iu con-
junction with tbe late H. B. Wallace.) 1847, 2 vols. 11.
Scenes in the Life of the Saviour, by the Poets and Paint-
ers, 8vo and 12ino, (edited.) 12. The Sacred Poets of
England and America, (edited,) 1849. 13. The Poets and
Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century j 2d ed.,
1845, Svo; 4th ed., 1854.
From the American Review, by E. P. Whipple :
"No one can glance at Mr. Griswuld's volume without being
impressed with the fertility of the present century in original
poetry. There is one view iu which the author of a work like the
present may be considered fortunate. Through his diligent labours
large bodies of the people, who caunot or will not read extensively,
are enabled to obtain an image of the imaginali\e literature of a
great age. And what a world of thought aud feeling does its con-
templation reveal Iu us!'
14. The Works of Edgar A. Poe ; Poems, Tales and
Miscellanies; with a Memoir by K. W. Griswold, and
Notices of his Life and Genius, by N. P. Willis and J. R.
Lowell, N. York, 1850, 3 vols. 12mo; 1856, 1 vol. 12mo.
It is considered by many critics that Dr. Griswold has
not done justice to Poe's memory in this volume.
15. The Republican Court; or, American Society in the
Days of Washington, with 21 portraits of Distinguished
Women, engraved from original pictures by WuHaston,
Copley, Gainsborough, Stuart, Trumbull, Malbone, and
other Contemporary Painters, N. York, 1854, 4to. New
ed., enlarged, with additional portraits, issued 1856, &c.
In this sumptuously-printed and richly-illustrated work,
a view of American society in the days of the Father of
the Republic is presented, for the most part from original
materials, consisting of private correspondence, Ac.
From the North American Review, lx.\xi. 26-50, July,
1855. by H. T. Tiickerman :
"The Uepublicau Court is the most beautiful specimen in tliia
department that has yet appeared, and has the peculiar merit of
a national subject. It con^ists of a fluent narrative, intended to
convey an authentic and picturesque idea of social life In thia
country in the days of Washington. ... In the preparation of
this elegant quarto, the memoirs and correspondence of the period
have been se;irched, the diaries of leading members of society
gleaned, the reminiscences of survivors drawn upon, and such
works as Sullivan's Letters on Public Characters, Duer's Kecollec-
tions of New York, the autobiographies of French officers engaged
in the war, the letters of Mrs. Adams, and Uraydon's Memoirs,
carefully examined."
From the Christian Examiner, No. CXC, July, 1855, by
the Rev. Samuel Osgood :
"This elegant volume was received by acclamation on its first
appearance. \Ve are quite certain that the .sober second judgment
of the public will confirm the first opinion, and in some respects
magnify its approbation. . . . Its solid literary merits are )et to
be fully appreciated. We do not know where else one-half so
much information respecting our early American history cau be
found. . . . Dr. (jliiswold has evidently been much favored iu the
use of private family memoiials. and he h;ts worked up his mate-
rial with much artistic taste in the grouping and great spirit ia
the narrative. The volume stands among our important histori-
cal monuments."
From an interesting account, by Mr. Fletcher, of the
interest manifested by the Emperor of Brazil in an exhi-
bition of American products, collected (in 1855) by the
enterprise of the former, we extract some remarks by his
majesty, not without interest in this connexion :
"After spending a long time in the exhibition, he exclaimed to
his suite; 'That which i find the most desirable is the pei'fection
of typography and binding, (alluding to the Hepuhlican Court,
whicii he held iu his hand.) the beautiful specimens of steel en-
gravings and chromo-lithography, and the clearness of the photo-
giaphic portiaits.' Now. it is just in those departments that the
iira/ilians had believed us deficient; tor almost every thing of thia
kind comes from Kngland. France, and Germany."'
" lie was a plodding, industrious, and careful writer, extremely
well informed on American literature, but by no means an elegant,
nor even a correct, though very ambitious, writer. Uewas inclined
to be nietapbysicid and transcendentid, but would get out of his
depth and becume unintelligible. Though he had no geniua
wliatover, Dr. Griswold b;i3 done some service to literature. lie
will be remembered by his compilations." — Dr. R. Shelton Mac-
KENZfE.
The reader who desires to learn more respecting Dr.
Griswold's ch.aracteristics as an author is referred to The
Knickerbocker Magazine, xxxvi. 162, xlvi. 398, and to
Literary Criticisms aud Literary Portraits, by Horace Bin-
ney Wallace. From the last-named authority we make
a brief extract, which may appropriately conclude thia
article.
"The literary abilities displayed in the original portion of these
works [see Nos. 5, 6, 7. and 1^1 are entitled to very high rank, and
are uudoubtedly the sufficient cause of their popularity and per-
manence. Dr. Griswold's style is fresh, brilliant, delicate, perhaps
over-delicate, but never feeble, and rarely morbid. With unerring
accuracy he always indicates the strong points of his subject; yet
he indicates rather than seizes them. The outlines of truth are
always traced with nicety and precision ; yet they are traced rather
thanchauuelled. His coloring is refined, snft, su^rgestive; dealing
iu bait-tints or mixed hues more usuall> tbaii in simple and con-
trasted colors. His perceptions are keenly intelligent, and full of
vitality and vividness; but they are too mercurial, fugitive, and
hasty : they want fixity, persistency, and prolongation, lie touches
some rich element of truth or beauty, but he dues not linger upon
it to develnp and unfulJ its deep and full resunrces." — p. 2.'j9.
Grocyn, Wm., 1442-1519, a native of Bristol, Eng-
land, a man of great learning, was educated at Winchester
and New College, Oxford. In 1479 he was made Rector
of Newton-Lungville, Buckinghamshire, and in 1485 Prcb.
of Lincoln. He also filled the place of divinity-reader in
Magdalen College, Oxford. Being enthusiastically devoted
to the study of the Greek language, probably from the in-
fluence of Vitelli, he visited Italy for the sake of perfect-
ing his knowledge of this tongue, and studied for some
time under Demetrius, Chalcondyles, and Pulitiau. Ia
1491 he settled at Exeter College, Oxford, and publicly
taught the Greek language, advocating a new pronuncia-
tion, which encountered violent opposition. The Uni-
versity divided itself into two factions, the Greeks and the
Trojans, who, not content with philological polemics, and
forgetting that inter arwa lefjca silent, resorted finally to
open hostilities. Of Grocyn's earnest devotion to Greek
literature we have ample evidence on record :
" Recens tunc ex Italia venerat Grocinus qui primus ea fetate
Graecas literas in Angliam invexerat. Oxoniique publicfe professus
fuerat k cnjus sodali Thoma Lynacro (Morus) Gra?cas literaa
Oxonii didicit.'' — Stapleton : In lib. cui tit. De Tribus TfiomiSyin
Tho. More, cap. l.
'■ Grocinus, qui prima Grgecae et Latinae linguae rudimenta in
Britannia hausit, mox Bolidiorem lisdem operam sub Demetrio
Chalcondyle et Politiano prfeceptorihus in Italia hausit." — LlLLt:
Etogia virorum doctor uni ; in KnigltVs Life of Voht. p. 24.
"Ipse Grocinus, cujus exemplum afferB, nonne primum in
Anglia Gnecffi linguae rudimenta didicit? Post in Italiam pro-
fectus audivit snnnnos viros. sed interim lucro fuit ilLi prius a
qualibuscun([ue didicisse." — Erasmus: Epist. CCCLXIII.
A Latin epistle of Grocyu'a to Aldus Manutius is pre-
7i5
GRO
GRO
fixed to Linacre'a trans, of Proclus de Sphasra, printefl at
Venice, 1449, fol.
"There is nothing extant of his but this epistle: indeed, a very
elaborate and acute one, and writt^nn in good Latin. . . . He was
of so nit-e a titste that he had rather write nothing than write ill."'
— Ehasmus.
Erasmus was the friend, perhaps the pupil, of Grocyn,
and may therefore be supposed to have been well informed;
but Bale, Tanner, and Leland ascribe some other work.* to
Grocyn. See these authorities; also Dlis.s's Wood's Athen.
,Oxon.,* Wood's Annals; Jortin and Knight's Lives of
Erasmus; Knight's Life of Colet; llallam's Lit. Hist, of
Europe.
Groom, John Ilindeii. Serm., 1800,
Groombridge, Stephen. 1. Atmospherical Refrac-
tion, Phil. Trans., 1814. 2. Fixed Stars, Trans. Soc., Edin.,
1815.
Groombridge, Wni. Sonnets, Lon., 1780, 8vo.
Groome, John. The Historical Collection, Lon.,
1710, Svo. This work sets forth the good works, books, &c.
of the English cler;^y.
Groonie, Nicholas. Purgatories Knell, Lon., 1615,
4to.
Gros, C. French educational works, Lon., lSll-18.
Gros, Charles Henry. Funl. Oration, 1807. fol,
Gro.s, Rev. John Daniel, Prof, of Moral Philos. in
Columbia Coll.. N. York, was a native of Germany. Natu-
ral Principles uf Rectitude, &e. : a Systematic Treatise on
Mural Philosophy. 1795, Svo.
Grose, Robert. See Grosse.
Grose, Francis, 1731-1791, a native of Greenford,
Middlesex, held a place in the Heralds' College, whicli he
resigned in 1763. He was adjutant and paymaster of the
Surrey militiii, but devoted much of his time to travelling
through England, Scotland, and Wales, sketching views
and gathering the materials of the valuable works which
he subsequently gave to the world. 1. Autiq. of England
and Wales, Lon., 1773-76, 4 vols. sup. r. 4to. Supp,,
1786-87, 2 vols. sup. r. 4to. The best ed. A collec. of
Plans to the above; 33 plates, 1776, r. 4to. 2d ed. of the
Antiq. of England and Wales, 1783, 8 vols. imp. Svo, The
eds. in 4to ])ub. by Stockdale are not valued. 2. The
Antiq. of Scotland, 1780-91, 2 vids. imp. Svo. Large
paper, sup. r. 4to, with proof-plates. 3. The Antiq. of
Ireland, 1791-95, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Large paper, sup. r.
4to, wilh proof-plates. The historical and descriptive
parts were written by Dr. Ledwich; and his Antiq. of
Ireland, best ed., 1804, 4to, should accompany this work.
4. Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, 1785-86, 4to.
Supp., 17S9, 4to. This work is annexed to the 2d ed. of
the Militarv Antiq. 5. Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar
Tongue, 1785, '88, '96. 1811, Svo. New'ed., by Pierce
Egan, 182.3, Svo. 6. Military Antiq. rcsp. a Hist, of the
English Army from the Conquest to the Present Time,
1786-88, 4to : 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Best ed. 7. A Provincial
Glossary. 1787, "90, Svo. With Pegge's Supp.. (1814,)
1838, Svo. Pegge's Supp. contains above 1000 additional
words. It was appended to Pegge's Anecdotes of the
English Language, 1S14. Svo; 3d ed., 1844. Svo. 8. Rules
for drawing Caricatures, 1788, '91, 1810, Svo. Reprinted
in vol. i. of the new ed. of The Antiq. Repertory, 1807. &c.
9. The Grumbler : 16 Ess.ays, 1701, I2mo. Originally pub.
in The English Chronicle. An improved ed. was pub. in
The Olio. 10. The Olio, 1793, Svo. By Grose and others.
11. A Guide to Health, Beauty, Riches, and Honour, 1783,
Svo ; 1785. 12. An Ancient Fortification ; Arehajol., 1779.
13. Ancient Spurs; Arch;uol., 1787. Grose was one of the
conductors of The Antiquarian Repertory, 1775-84, 4 vols.
4to; 2d ed., 1807-09, 4 vols. 4to; pub. Rev. Wm. Darell's
Hist, of Dover Castle, 17S6, imp. Svo; large paper, 1797,
imp. 4to ; and to him has been ascribed Geoffrey Gambado's
Academy for Grown Horsemen, 1787, '01, fol. But this is
also attributed to Henry Bunbury. Grose's habits, espe-
cially iu early life, were of too convivial a character for
either his purse or reputation ; and many a jolly circle of
"good fellows" eouhi answer promptly in the affirmative
the query of Burns the poet,
'' Ki?u ye aught of Captain Grose?''
Noble's sketch of his figure and peculiarities is truly
graphic. See European Mag., 1791; Gent. Mag., 1791 ;
Chalmers's BiDg. Diet.
Grose, John. 1. Ethics, Lon., 1782, Svo. 2. Oceas.
Serms., 1782-97. 3. Semis., 6 vols., 1800-16.
tirose, John Henry. Voyage to the E. Indies,
17511-64, Lon.. 1766, Svo; 1772, 2 vols. Svo. In French,
Paris. 1758, 12tno.
Grose, Sir IVash, d. 1814, aged 74. Substance of a
Charge to the Grand Jury, &g., Lon., 1796, Svo.
746
Gross, Baron. Duties of an Officer in the Field,
Lon., 1801, Svo.
Gross, Samuel D., M.D., b. near Easton, Penna., 8th
July, 1805, Prof, of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, Phila., and formerly in the University of Louisville,
Ky. 1. General Anatomy, Phila., 1828, Svo. 2. Anat.
and Diseases of the Bones and Joints, 1830. 3. Operative
Surgery, 1829. 4. Obstetrics. 5. Woundsof the Intestines,
6. Patholog. Anatomy. 7. Foreign Bodies in the Air-
Passages, 1850, Svo.
*' It is a complete summary of the whole subject, and will be a
useful book of reference.'* — Brit, and For. Med.-Chir. Rev.
8. Diseases of the Urinary Bladder, kc. 1851-56, Svo.
"A work worthy of his high reputation."— >Fes(. Jour, of Med.
and Surg.
9, Results of Surgical Operations in Malignant Diseases,
1853, Svo. 10. Discourse on the Life, Character, and Ser-
vices of Daniel Drake, M.D., 1853, Svo. 11. Report on
the Causes which Retard the Progress of American Medical
Literature, 1856, Svo. 12. North American Medieo-Chir.
Review, edited by himself and Dr. T. G. Richardson. 13.
A System of Surgery, now in course of preparation. Prof.
Gross has been for some time engaged on an American
Medical Biography, which we doubt not will prove a most
acceptable addition to the professional and general libraiy.
In June, 1856, he accepted the appointment of Professor
of the Institutes and Practice of Surgery in the Jefferson
Medical College of Phila., where he now resides.
Grosse, or Gross, Alexander, d. 1654, Vicar of
Ashburton. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1632-63.
Grosse, Robert. Royalty and Loyalty, Lon., 1647,
4to.
Grosse, Robert le. See Le Giiosse.
Grosse, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 170S, both Svo.
Grosseteste, Grostete, or Grosthead, Robert,
1175 ?-1253, a native of Stradbrooke, Suffolk, was educated
at Oxford and Paris; Archdeacon of Leicester, 1222;
Bishop of Lincoln, 1234. His name has no less than
twelve different modes of spelling. He was a man of great
learning, and an undaunted opposer of the usurpations of
the See of Rome. For an account of his life and works —
theological, philosophical, poetical, .fee. — we refer to S.
Pegge's biography of him, 1793, 4to ; to Milner's Church
Hist. ; and to Archaiol., vol. xiii. Pegge's list of his works
occupies 25 pp. 4to ; but few of them have been pub.
Among these are Opuscula Varia; Compendium Spha?ra
Mundi; Commentarius in Lib. poster. Aristotelis; Dis-
courses ; Letters.
''By a knowledge of Greek, when we find it asserted of some
mediieval tbeologi.in like Grostete, we are not to understand an
aniuaiutance with the great classical authors, who were latent in
eastern monasteries, but the power of readiug some petty treatise
of the fathers, or, as iu this instance, [GrostSte's trans, of the Tes-
tameut of the Twelve Patriarchs from Greek into Latin,] an apo-
cryphal legend, or at best, perhaps, some of the latter eommentatois
on Aristotle. Grostete was a man of consideiable merit, but has
had his share of applause." — llallam's Lit. Hist, of Europn.
Grosvenor, Lord. Leaves from my Journal, Lon.,
1854. 12mo.
Grosvenor, or Grovenor, Benjamin, D.D., 1675-
1758, a native of London, pastor of an Independent con-
gregation, and one of the Lecturers at Salter's Hall, Lon-
don, pub. a number of occasional serms., and some theolog.
treatises, of which The Mourner, and The Essay on Health,
are the best-known. Serms., now first collected, with
Memoir by J. Davies, and Pref. by Dr. Bogue, 1S08, Svo,
*'A most popular preacher; in whose compositions there is a
strantre mixtui'e of familiar and pathetic; many strong figures of
speech, especially the prosopopwia and dialogism, beyond any other
writer of his ai;;e." — Dr. Dodfiridge.
"His language is always pure, his sentences well formed, and
his ideas embellished with the most appropriate decorations." —
Wilson's Disseiders.
The vol. of Eastcheap Lectures, new ed., ISIO, 2 vols.
12mo, contains 24 serras. by Grosvenor, Bradford, Earle,
Harris, Newman, and Reynolds.
'■ To recommend such a work it is only necessary to state its
subjects, [on Siu^nn;r. Prayer, Hearing and Reading the Scrip-
tures,] and to name tin- distinguished preachers by whom they
were discussed. In<'itiMiients. cautions, illustrations, improve-
ments, are all judifiously blended. . . . The excelleuce of the
volumes speaks their own praise, and secures their reputation.
Thev cannot fail to prove an acceptable present to the reUgious
worid."— Kev. W. B. Collter, D.D.
Grosvenor, Conntess H., now Marchioness of
Westminster. Yacht Voyage iu the Mediterranean, Lon.,
1S42, 2 vols. p. Svo.
*■ It is simply i sensible, healthy, and well-written work, utterly
free from all affeetatiuns, and especially from that which ap-?s
humility, and betraviug the woman of rank chicHy in the total
abfsenceof all attempt to display it."— AIiSS Zliouir: Ladi/ Travel
lers, Lon. Quar. Hev., Ixxvi. 1^8-137.
GKO
Grote, <;oor£je, M.P., the historian of Greece, b.
1704. af Clay Hull, near Beikenliam, Kent, England, is a
EOii of Mr. (irote, of the well-known hanking-liouse esta-
blished by Mr. George Prescott, and the griiudfather of
the subject of this notice. Mr. Grote was for some time a
clerk in the banking-house, and at a later period of life
divided jis attention between literature and politics, but
for some time past has devoted bis hours exclusively to the
former. In addition to the great work by which he is best
known and will be honoured to the latest period of time,
he is the autliorof a pamphlet (pub. anonymously in 1S21)
in reply to Sir James Mackintosh's Essay on Parliamentary
Reform, in the Edinburgh Review; a work on the Essen-
tials of Parliamentary Reform; an article on Mitford, in
the Westminster Review, and one on Niebuhr's Heroic
Legends of Greece, in the London and Westminster Re-
view. The name of Niebuhr appropriately introduces the
expression of his warm interest in Mr. Grote's Uistory of
Greece, which was commenced 1823:
''Endeavour to beL-onie acquainted with Mr. Grote, who is en-
gaged on aGi-cek History ; he. too, will receive you well if you take
him my regards. If you become better aciiuainted with him, it is
worth your while to oljtaiu the proofslnets nf bis work, in order
to translate it. I expect a great deal Inmi tlli^ pioduction. and I
will get you a publisher here:'— iS'id'uhr, tlu- Jlisiorkin, to rro/cssor
Liebtr, in 1S27.
The publication of the vols, of Mr. Grote's History was
as follows:— V(ds. L, IL, 1S46: IIL, IV.. 1847; V., VI.,
1849; Vri., VIII.. 186(1; IX., X., 1852; XL, 1853; XII.,
1855. Of Vol. XII., 1200 copies were sold in one week.
2d ed. of Vols. I., IL. IIL, and IV., 1S49; 3d ed., 185L
2d ed. of Vols. V. and VI., ISol. In commendation of
this truly great production, critics who seldom agree are
glad to unite their suffrages. The London Quarterly de-
clares that the author has
'•lucontestably won for himself the title not merely of a histo-
rian, but of tlte historian, of Greece.'" — xcix. 0S4.
The Edinburgh Review assures us that
" lie will be remembered not only as the first who has seriously
undertaken a pliilosophical history of Greece, but as one who will
have made Kreat steps towards accomplishing; it." — Ixxxiv. 345. —
JVotice of vols. i. and ii. The succeeding volumes are noticed in
the same laudatory terms.
The Athenoeum styles the history
" A ^-reat literary undertaking, equally notable whether we re-
gard it as an accession of standard value in our l:in^;uai;e, or as an
honourable monument of what KngUsh scholarship can do."
The Spectator remarks that
"His famili:uity with the K'eat hitrhways and the obscure by-
paths of Greci;in litriiitmi- ami aiiti^uity lias seldom been eijualled,
and not often :i})i>rM;i,-luii tn, in unlearned England; while those
Germans who ha\e rivalled it have seldom possessed the quality
■which eminently characterizes Mr. Grote, of keepiug historical
imagination severely under the restraints of evidence."
The Examiner is not less enthusiastic in the expression
of its admiration :
'•If there existed any doubt of Mr. Grote's qualifications for this
weighty undertaking, "it was, whether he would bring to it the
amount of imajiinative feeling necessary to sustain and inform
his SL-holarslnp. We confess that tbese volumes are a surprise to
us in that respect. The acute intelli.rence. the discipline, fiiculty
of intellect, and the excellent erudition, every oue would look for
from JMr. Grote; but they will here also tind the element which
barniMiii/.is these, and wilhout which, on such a theme, an orderly
and solid w.irk couM not have been written. I'oetry aud Philo-
Bopby ;iltenil the historian on either hand, and do not impede or
mis'^'uide his steps."
The eulogy of the distinguished historian of modern
Europe is no insignificant reward for even such protracted
and laborious researches as have tested the patience, the
learning, and the fidelity of the historian of Greece:
'•A decided libeial, perhaps even a republican, in politics, Mr.
Grote has bihoured to counteract the intluence of Mitford in Gre-
cian history, and construct a history of Gieece from authentic
materials, which should illustrate the animating influence of
democratic freedom upon the exertions of the human mind. In
the prosecution of this attempt he has displayed an extent of
learning, a variety of research, a power of comtdnation, which are
worthy of the very highest praise, anrt have secured for him a
lasting place among the historians of modern Europe." — Sir
Archibald Alison : Hist, of Euro])efrom the Fall of Napoleon, in
1815. to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852.
We could easily multiply commendations, but must be
content to refer tho reader to the articles — which no histo-
rical student should neglect — on Mr. Grote's History, in the
Westminster Rev., xlvi. 381 ; Blackwood's Mag., Ixii. 129 ;
Duhl. Univ. Mag., xxviii. 201 ; xxxv. 753; Eclectic Rev.,
4th S., XX. 257 ; xxii. 289 ; Christian Rev., xvi. 481 ; Chris-
tian Exam., xlviii. 292 ; N. Amer. Rev., Ixxviii. 150. See
also The London Quarterly, vols. Ixxxvi. and Ixxxviii. ;
Edin. Rev., vols. Ixxxiv., xci., and xciv.
Grove, lion. Mrs. C. Calendar of Nature; or. The
Seasons of Euglaud, edited with Pref. by Lord John Rus-
GRU
sell: 24 large plates, containing several hundred col'd
figures of Birds, Fruits, &c., Lon., Pts. 1 to 4, fob, 1849-50.
Grove, Edward. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Grove, Henry, 16S3-17:iS, a Dissenting divine, a na-
tive of Taunton, Sumersetshire, was one of the Masters of
the academy at Taunton, where he had been educated, and
preached to two congregations in the neighbuurhoud. Ho
was the author of Nos. 5S1, 601, 626, and 635, of The Spec-
tator. He pub. a number of discourses and theolog. trea-
tises, among which those on Prayer, the Lord's Supper,
Faith, a Future State, the Soul's Immortality, and Chri.si's
Resurrection, are best known. The collective edits, of his
works comprise 12 vols., viz.: 1. Serms. and Tracts, being
his Posthumous Works, 3d ed., Lon., 1745, 4 vols. Svo.
2. Serms., being two addit. vols, of tho Posth. Works, 1742,
2 vols. Svo. 3. Works, containing all tho Serms., Dis-
courses, and Tracts pub. in his lifetime, 1747, 4 vols. Svo.
4. A System of Moral Philosophy, edited by Dr. T. Amury,
with a Memoir of his Life aud Writings, 2d ed., 1749, 2
vols. Svo.
" Itesembles Watts, but more nervous. His sermons are written
with an elet'ance of diction rarely to be met with. He has many
judicious and new thoughts, disposed in a method quite peculiar,
aud expressed with force and elet^ance. Kvery paragraph ho wrote
is worthy of attentive perusal."— Dr. Doddridge.
"This eminent Noucouformist was one of the most beautiful
writers of his age. He excels in elegant diction and sweetness
of temper."— ZJr. E. Williams's C. P.
" If every trace that e'er the good adorn'd,
If every si-ience that the wisest learn'd,
Could merit thy regard aud ask thy love,
iSehnld them join'd. and weep them lost in Grove.'*
See Biog. Brit.; Life by Amury, prefixed to his Posth.
Works; Drake's Biog. aud Crit. Essays, Illust. of the
Taller, Spectator, aud Guardian, iii. 200-215.
Grove, Joseph, an attorney of Richmond, England,
d. 1764, wrote The Life and Times of Cardinal AVolsey,
Lon., 1742-44. 4 vols. Svo; The Lives of the Earls and
Dukes of Devonshire, descended from Sir Wm. Cavendish,
1704, Svo; and some political and other works.
Grove, Matthew. The Most Famous and Tragicall
Historic of Pelops and Hippodamia, Jtc, Lou., 1587, 4to.
A poetical work.
'• I nevei- saw. or heard of, another copy of this book : neither
is it mentioned by Ames or Herbert." — jM'. note in ajly-lmfof a
cop;/ of this hook b;/ Ritson.
Another copy has since been found, and was — perhaps
still is — in the library collected by the Marquis of Staflurd.
A copy marked, in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 315, £30, was
resold at Saunders's in 1S18 for £25 4s. See Bibl. Anglo-
Poet.,pp. 133, 134.
Grove, Robert, d. 1696, Bishop of Chichester, 1691,
pub. seven tracts against Romanism, 1676-89, and two
Serms., 1690, '95. One of his tracts will be found in vol.
i. of Collection of Cases, &c., 3d ed.. 1718, 3 vols. Svo, and
two in Gibson's Preservative, iv. 96, vi. 1.
Grove, W. R. The Correlation of Physical Forces,
Lon., lS4('t. '51. '55. Svo.
Groveiior, Benjamin. See Grosvenor.
Grover, II. M,, Rector of Ilitcham, Bucks. Theolog.,
dramat.. and other works, Lon., 1S2S-47.
Groves, Rev. John. 1. A Greek and Eng. Lexicon,
3d ed., Glasg., 1S29, Svo; 7th ed., Lon.. 1839; 10th ed.,
1849; nth ed., 1853. All the inflections in the N. Test.,
and many of the more difficult ones that occur in other
Greek writings, will be found in this work. 2. Rudiments
of the Greek Gram., 1845, 12mo.
Groves, \V. Revelations, &c. ; also Hebrew, German,
and Eng. Gram, and Lexicon, Lon., 1S38, 12mo.
Groves, Webber, b. 1697, d. in America, 1793.
Treat, on the Commercial Intercourse between G. Brit, and
America.
Gruchy, Martin. Serm., 1728, Svo.
Griieber, Rev. C. S, Holy Baptism, Lon., 1S50, Svo.
Gruggen, F.J. On Oaths, Camb., 1845, Svo.
Grand, Francis J., a native of Germany, for many
years a resident of the U. States of America. 1. The
Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations,
Lon., 1S37, 2 vols. Svo; Bost., 1837, 1 vol. 12mo.
"In approat-hing the consideration of its merits, we are struck
with the siugidar correctness, force, and often eloquence, of the
style in which it is written. The style would do high credit to
any native, and to the manner born ; in a foreigner it seems won-
derful. . . . The idiom of our language, which is often so suhtle,
and eludes the grasp of the severest study, Mr. Grund uses with
great and almost unfailing accuracy. An English critic has said
that he has scarcely ever offended in this particular, except when
he attempts poetical versions from Schiller or Goethe. ... To a
forei'^ner who is interested in the country Mr. Grund's work will
be of great value, from the amount of iutbrmatiou which it con-
veys. No other work, within our knowledge, presents a view so
complete of our resources in every department of life. . . . Mr
747
GRU
f-fS^a'^.h '^"'•""Sh democrat. He upholds the can.« of the manv
Sr ,^ f r ?"'' ^"^^^ "yo'-y opportunity (o enforce the ini
portance of rehfious .lud politkal lieedom. The latter he Ml
mates as the two most prominent moral causes which „,nm,ti
And see a review of this work by S. Oilman in The
Christian Examiner, xxiv. 2tf6, and another in the Eclectic
Kev., 4th S., 11. 61.
2. Aristocracy in America. (From the Skelch-Book of a
?^^To Nobleman.) Edited by Francis Grnnd, Lon.,
Ibiy, 2 vols. Svo.
_ '■ We assume this work to be written by Mr. Qrund, though he
IS professedly only the editor. He has given two whole volumes
ofsketches of manners; hut the v.T.st majority are caricatures, with-
out pomt. hint, or even vraisemblance."— ion. Jthen., 1S39 947
Sec also The Museum, (Phila..) xxxvii. .^49-354.
Grundy, John. Serms., 1S08, '10, '12, all 8vo. See
Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher.
Gruner, Louis. 1. Decorations of the garden Pavil-
ion at Buckingham Palace, Lon., lS4fi, sm. f'ol., 15 |ilates.
£1 lis. 6d.; col'd, £j be. 2. The Mosaics of the Cupohi
in Cajjella Chigiana at Rome, 1S50, fob, £1 1I«. Cid. 3.
Specimens of Ornamental Art, 1S50, fob, 87 plates, £12
I2«. 4. Fresco Decorations and Stuccoes in Italy, 1854
imp. fob, 56 plates. '
. Vi!:'"\^*'",','' t'"meston, or Giiniston, EUza-
ico, ,. '^I'^f. ','■,""'■■'• Meditations. Memoratiues. Lou.,
lbU4, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 304, £6 6b. Another ed
fliae anno, IJmo.
•■The poetiyoftbis rare work is indifferent enough, but it con-
tains some judicious maxims."— )ru«'(! Bibl Bnl
Fr^r''"''''^'^.-^-*^"?'*''*' ^^"'' Hawking, Hunting,
Fouling and Fishing, Lon., 1596, 4to.
Gubbins, Martin R. Mutinies in Oudh. Lon.,1858 Svo
Gude, R. Prac. fr. Side Ct. K. Bench, 1828, 2 vols'
Guernsey, Miss Lucy Ellen. 1. Alice and Bessie:
2. Irish Amy 3. Comfort Allison. 4. Kitty Maynard. 5
Jenny and the Insects. 6. Upward and Onward. 7. The
Orphan N leces. 8. The Naughty Kitten
Guest, Lady Charlotte, a native of "n^ales has
gamed great reputation by the publication of The Mabino-
wX'b r """ ^^^^' '^l'^ " ""-g"-^' >">'' "'her Ancient
Welsh Manuscripts, with English Translation and Notes,
Ico;- LSveVrW.Sefs™' ''''-''' ^"-' ^""g""'"
the^^SH? C.!„f I"'''"'"- , °i"- "^ ^"S"^'! Rhythms, from
the Sth Lent, downwards, Lon., 1S38, 2 vols Svo
Guidot, or Guidott, Thomas, M.D.. pub. a num-
irro i-r n",?™ ""^ "''•"^ "f ^''"'. Islington, ie.,
;^!fl w'l ^"''"'^^""iof Treatises concerning the City
and Waters of Bath, 1725, Svo.
Guild, Reuben A., Librarian of Brown University,
P ovidence. K.I b. 1822, in West Dedham. Mass., grad
on r7,1-?"'-J'^*^- ^^^ ^^"''"^^'^ Manual: A Treatise
on Bibliography, comprising a Select and Descriptive List
o P. c*'t? '"' lu'^''' """^''^ ^'■<' 'I'l'led .Sketches
o Public Libraries, Illustrated with Engravings, N. York,
Charles B. Norton, Agent for Libraries" MDCCCLVIII
r^cter ' tL p'- ,?'^'^""f""y Pri>^*^d in Old English cha!
racter The F.rst Part consists of a descriptive list of 495
separate works, comprising 19157 volumes of such biblio-
graphical works as are considered to be of the first import-
ance for a ibrary apparatus. The Second Part con ains
in Europe arid America. We recommend Mr. Guild's volume
to all who take an interest—and every lover of books should
Tressly tTCaTs!'" '"P""'"' ^''J^'^' °f "hich it ex-
Guild, Wm., D.D., 1586-1657, a native of Aberdeen
edncated at Maiischal Coll., became minister of the
parish of King Edward, and in 1631 one of the ministers
of Aberdeen; Principal of King's Coll., Aberdeen 1640
deposed for his attachment to the royal cause I65i He
was a man of learning, ability, and great benevoknce of
character In addition to the following works he nub 1
number of tracts against popery, and u^on other suWects
1. The Harmony of all the Prophets cine. Christ's Com
ing, Ac, Lon., 1619, Svo ; 1658, 12mo ■> Mose, II„,..-r^'
or The Types of Christ in Mo^es e.vplled le"' -o''
ma? r"';:;':"''- ""^^ '"■• ""^ ^'"^ Ha';mony,'ic:'kdi^!;
bUlbu"'"^'"^''^^' '■'"■ "= ""P"" »'«' Juaiciousnes5."-0™e's
GUM
3. Explic. of Book of Revelations, Aberd., 1656 16mo
" Very spiiilual."— Z(ic/.rrsW/i , J"mo.
, t.^^P''''- "'' 'If Song of Solomon, Lon., 165S, Svo.
5 -The Tlirone of David ; or, an Expos, of the 2d Book
of Samuel, Oxf 1659, 4lo. Posth. pub. by Dr. John
Owen. See Life of Dr. Guild, by Dr. Shirreffs- 2d ed
Ur. «illwm Cuild possessed not only the talents of i m.n
2 %*^l"."'""'"''' <^'*='''««- His Memoirs, Lon., 1761,
Guilford. See Nonrn.
Guilhermin, Mary. Letters, Lon., 1766, Svo.
GuUlim, John, 1565?-1621, Rouge-Croi.v Pur.uiv-
ant of Arms, 1617-21, was the publisher of John of
Barchatn s Display of Heraldry, best cd., (the 6tb,) Lon,
1724 fob, and has already been noticed in our life of
Baicham (,uillim made some additions to Barcbam's
MS ; but the latter is entitled to the reputation whrch
buiHim has acquired. A collation of the Display of Her-
aldry will be found in Lowndes's Bibl Man
Guiseard or Guichard de Beaulieu, lemn Ste-
n,is;7r 'he author of a poem entitled ' The Sermon of
Guiseard de Beaulieu. of which MSS. are in the British
tl rrr 7.'l "j? ^■•'"""'eque RoyaU at Paris. F om
the latter M.S,M. Achille Jubinal pub. the poem (pour l"
premiere fois) in 1834, Paris, Svo ^^
Guise, Samuel. Serm., 1724, Svo
Guise, iSaiiuiel. Catalogue of a Collection of MSS
collected in Hmdostan, Lon., ISOO, 4to
Guise, Wm., 1653-1684, a learned English divine
rans. into English, and illustrated with a ?ommenTa?y'
Dr. Bernard s Misnte pars ordinis primi Teraim Titul
Sep em 1690 4to, and a tr.act. De Viitimis humanis, Svo
and had partly prepared an edit, of Abulfeda's Geography'
cnifeStTo°f°iis.'!!fs;.°iri;.;;f,,;rr' ~'' -''^^
\ ir longe eruditissimus."— T. S.mith.
See Athen. Oxon. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Guisy, J. Learning French. Lon., 1801 I'mo
Gull, Wm. W., M.D., and Balv, Wm'., il D Re
ports on Epidemic Choler.a, Lon., 1854. Svo
.1,"/" '^'^'"fc' 'es'-e of these Reports, we can conscientiously sav
that we do not think the College of Physicians couTd have made
a more fortunate selection than the two gentlemen to wTose
ahours we owe so much valuable instruction. We believe that
tbeir Uork will be in future years constantly referred to and
when so referred to we are confident it will always be with nle-^
sure and profit."-Bn(. and R,r. iled-Odr. liev ^ **"
Dr. Baly pub., in conjunction with Dr. W. S Kirkes
Advances in Physiology of Motion, 1848 Svo
Gullet, Chris. On Eleter, as a preservative of
plants from insects and flics, Phil. Trans 177'>
Gullifer, Joseph Wm. Philos. of'Medlcine, 1S09,
Gulliver, Lemuel. See Swift, Jonathan D D
T *•"'!.•';.«''"' I-emuel, Jun. Modern Gulliver's Travels.
J-iOn., 1 ( yb, I2mo. '
Gully, James M., M.D. 1. Neuropathy and Ner-
vousness, 2d ed Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Simple Treatment
of Disease, 1842, 12mo. 3. Water-Cure in Chronic Dis-
eases, 184 , p. Svo; 3d ed., 1849, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, 12mo
Ur. tiully s book is evidently written bv a Well-educ-ited ine.li'
cal m.an. This work is by far the most scientilic that we hive seen
on hydropathy."— £on. Athenmim. "ai we uai e seen
Gully, Robert, and Capt. Dcnham. Journals of
a baptivity in China m 1S42, Lon., 1843 Svo
h^W'T '■io'Ple.unHdorned Narratives, with 'the Letters written
by the deceased .Mr. Gully during his captivity, are well worthvof
periisal. depicting, as they do vividly, thecurious iucidens arising
?h";d''ln''f'"'"",'.''°*i"''"°« ""^ '■"iteration orthe reader Sf
the detail of cruelty and murder inflicted by the cowardly ofBcials
of this semi-barbarous people."— ion. ri»i«. ' oracials
Gulson, Theodore. See GotLsro.v.
Gulston, Ant. See Glisson, Wm.
Gulstou, Edward. Earthquake: Phil. Tr.ans 1763
Gumble, Thomas, D.D., chaplain to General
?„"n" 5fi7i r I'"V'«™'='-''1 Mouck, Duke of Albemarle,
Lon., 1671, Svo. In French. 1672, 12mo
history'whf f " "f^'Y","^ of the Tory or Royalist mode of writing
the R- 7 r P:,""]'"' during the period immediafelv foUowinf
179., r ' "° '• ^'^'"'J'- -S"'-. iiii- 265-297; xiv. 163?
Gumbleden, John. Serm., 1628, 4to.
mJ^"?"'*^*'' •'• ^'''^' *''■ "f E'""- '" Ireland, Dull.,
Gummere, John, 1784-1845, a native of Willow
GUM
Grove, Penn., for more than forty years an esteemed and
succesflul teacher of youth, discharged the duties of tui-
tion successively at Horsham. Rancocus, West Town,
Burlington, and Haverford. Upon his retirement from
the Friends' Coll. at Haverford, he resumed his Boarding-
School at Burlington, (previously conducted by him from
ISU to 1833,) in connection with his eldest son, Samuel
J. Gummere, " who is his worthy successor, both in scien-
tific attainments and in the happy art of imparting
instruction." His celebrated treatise on Surveying was
first pub. in 1S14, has run through 14 edits., and is now
stereotyped. Of his Elementary Treatise on Theoretical
and Practical Astronomy, the 1st ed. was pub. in 1822,
and the last (the 6th) in ISo-t. The excellence of this
work elicited the warm commendations of l)r. Bowditeh,
Prof. Bache, and other competent judges. An interesting
biographical sketch, entitled Memorials of the Life and
Char.acter of John Gummere, was privately printed by
Wm. J. AUinson, of Burlington. It is a well-merited tri-
bute to the learning and virtues of a ripe scholar and an
excellent man. James I., when in the plenitude of his
glory as the m.aster of three kingdoms, acknowledged that
he never even then saw his stern old schoolmaster,
Buchanan, without an emotion of fear. It may be truly
gaid — wo speak from our own experience — that the former
disciples of John Gummere never in after-life approached
their old master without sentiments of affection and
esteem.
Gummere, Samuel R., brother of the preceding,
b. in 1789, at Willow Grove, Penn., was from 1821 to
1837 the head of a popular boarding-school for girls, at
Burlington, N. Jersey. He is the author of a Treatise on
Geography, which was first pub. in 1817, and has passed
through six or eight edits. ; and he revised the Progressive
Spelling-Book in 1831. Compendium of Elocution 1857.
Gunhill, D. D. Serm., 1661, 4to.
Gunn, Alexander, D.D., d. 1829, minister of the
Reformed Dutch Church at Bloomingdale, New York.
Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, D.I)., N. York, 1829.
Gunn, Mrs. Anne, late Miss Youug. 1. The Mother
and Daughter; a Tale, 1803, 2 vols. 2. An Introduction
to Music, 1803. 8vo.
Gunn, J. C. Domestic Medicine, New York, 1851,
8vo; many editions.
Gunn, John. Hist. Inquiry respecting the Perform-
ance of the Harp in the Highlands of Scotland, Lon.,
1807, 4to. Prepared for the Highland Society. Other
works.
Gunn, Rev. W. M. 1. Religion in Connexion with
a National System of Instruction, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
"Mr. Gunu's book is one that deserves and will receive much
attention."— C/i. "/ Eng. Quar. Sen.
2. Rudiments of the Latin Language, 1848, ISmo.
Gunn, Rev. Wm. 1. Historia Britonum of Nennius,
with an Eng. version and notes, Lon., 1819, 8vo.
'• Many ditf use and unnecessary notes.'' — }Vrig?U's Biog. Brit.
Lit.
See Nesxics.
2. Gothic Architecture, 1819, Svo.
*' Displaying very considerable erudition." — Lowndes's Bihl.Man.
3. Cartonensia; Hist, of the Tapestries in the Vatican.
Gunn, Wm. A., Curate of St. Mary. Woolnoth,
London. Scrms. and Letters, with a Memoir by J. Saun-
ders, Lon., 1807, '12, Svo. Mr. G. was curate to the Rev.
John Newton.
" He was ' a burning and a shining light.* Wonderful was his
eloquence. Serious, zealous, impassioned, he communicated his
own agitation to the souls of others.'" — O.VESlMUS.
Gunning, Mrs., wife of General Gunning, d. 1800,
pub. several novels, a poem, Ac, Lon., 1791-1803.
Gunning, Miss. See Plunkett, Mr,s.
Gunning, Fred. Law of Tolls, Lon., 1833, Svo.
Gunning, H. Reminiscences of the Town and
County of Cambridge, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed.,
same year, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Gunning, Peter, D.D., 1613-1684, a native of Hoo,
in Kent, educated at. Fellow and Tutor of, Clare Hall,
Camb., deprived for refusing to take the Covenant; re-
stored, 1660 ; Preb. of Canterbury : Master successively
of Corpus Christ! and St. John's Coll.. Camb. ; and Regius
and Lady Margaret Prof, of Divinity ; Bishop of Chi-
chester, 1670; trans, to Ely, 1674. 1. A Contention for
Truth, Lon., 1658, 4to. 2. Schism Unmasked, Ac., Paris,
1658, Svo. 3. The Paschal or Lent Fast Apostolical and
Perpetual; a Serm. on Luke v. 35-38, Lon., 1662, 4to.
New ed., Oxf., 1845, Svo, in Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol.
" He was a man of great reading, and noted for a special subtilty
of arguing;." — Bistu/p Burnet's Own Times.
GDR
" He was admired by great scholars, as well abroad as at homo,
for bis profound divinity; was noted much also in England for his
diffusive ch.irity." — Alhen. Oj-fm.
See these authorities; also Masters's Hist, of C. C. C. C. ;
Bentham's Hist, of Ely ; Walker's Sulferings of the Clergy,
Pt. 2, 142; Cahimy; Salmon's Lives of the Bishops; Lon.
Gent. Mag., Ixiii. 15.
Gunning, Richard. Sinall-Pox, Lon., 1804, 12mo.
Gunnison. Capt. J. W., d. 1S53, U.S. Corps Topo-
graphical Engineers. Hist, of the Mormons of Utah : their
Domestic Polity and Theology, Phila., 1S52, 12mo. This
valuable Report was pub. by order of the U.S. Congress.
Gunter, Rev. Edmund, 1581-1626, an eminent
mathematician, the inventor of the famous Rule of Pro-
portion, or Line of Numbers, which has made his name a
synonym for accuracy, was a native of Hereford, and edu-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1619 he was elected
Prof, of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., London. He was the
author of several mathemat. treatises, — Canon Triangulo-
ruin, The Sector and Cross St.aff, ic.,— of which collective
edits, have been several times pub. Works, 5th and best
ed., corrected, Ac. by Will. Leybourne, 1673, 4to. Some
copies bear the date of 1680, and are called 6th ed. See
Biog. Brit.; Hutton's Diet; Ward's Gresham Professors.
Gunter, Peter. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to.
Gunton, Symon. 1. God's House, Lon., 1657, Svo.
2. Hist, of the Church of Pet.erburgh, pub. by Symon
Patrick, D.D., 1686, fol. Epitome of do., 11th ed., Peterb.,
1807, Svo.
Guppy, Mrs. Dialogues for Children, ISOO, 2 vols.
12mo.
Guppy, R. Municipal Corp. Act, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
Gurdon, Brampton. 1.16 Serms. at Boyle's Lect,
Lon., 1721, '22, '32, Svo; 1739, fol. 2. Serm., 1723, 4to.
3. Prophecy, 1728, Svo.
Gurdon, Philip. Christian Character, 1778, 12mo.
Gurdon, Thornhagh. Hist, of the High Ct. of
Parliament, Lon., 1731, 2 vols. Svo.
Gurdon, >V. Statutes rel. to Game, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Gurnall, Wm., 1617-1679, educated at Emanuel Coll.,
Camb.; minister at Lavenham for 35 years; appointed
Rector in 1644; and episeopally ordained at the Restora-
tion. A man of great excellence of character. 1. Serm.,
1660, 4to. 2. The Christi.an in Complete Armour, 1656-
58-62. 3 vols. 4to. New ed., 1844, Svo.
'■Full of allusions to scriptural facts and figures of speech,
generally well supported; sanctified wit. holy fire, deep experience,
and most animated pnictical applicutiuns." — Dr. E. MVIiams's C. P.
" Spiritual and evangelical, with much Christian experience." —
Bicl^ershlh's C. S.
3. Funl. Serm., 1672, Svo.
Gurnay, Rev. Edmund. 1. Vindic. of the 2d Com-
mand., Camb., 1039, Svo. 2. Appendix to do., Lon., 1660,
12mo.
Gurney, Rev. Archer. 1. Love's Legend, Ac;
Poems, Lon., 1845, fp. Svo. 2. K. Charles the First; a
Dram. Poem, 1847, '52, fp. Svo. 3. Poems, 1853, p. Svo.
4. The Transcendentalists. 1853, p. Svo. 5. Songs of the
Present, 1854, 12mo. 6. Iphigenia at Delphi, 1855, Svo.
Gurney, Arthur. Providence and Free Will, 1581.
Gurney, Auber. Faust; Part Second; from the Ger-
man of Goethe, Lon., 1843, p. Svo.
"Executed with much taste and great ability."— -iJeWi'n. Mag.
for Foreign Lit., April '28, 1843.
•'In one word, this English version is more agreeable, more flow-
ing, more fi esh, more clear, than mauy of the enigmatical passages
of the original." — Leip^c Literary Gazettr, June 6 and 7, 1813.
Gurney, Daniel. Supplement to the Record of the
House of Gournay. Lon., 1S58. Privately printed.
Gurney, Rev. Edmund. See Girnav.
Gurney, Hudson, M.P. 1. The Golden Ass of Apu-
leius; in English verse, entitled Cupid and Psyche, Lon.,
1799, 4to and Svo; 3d ed., 1801. An excellent trans. 2.
Baveux Tapestry, 1S17, 4to.
Gurney, Rev. John Hampden. 1. Three Serms.,
Lon., 1845, fp. Svo. 2. Historical Sketches, 1400-1546,
1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1858. 3. Second Series, 1855, fp. Svo.
4. The Grand Romish F.alLacy, 1854, fp. Svo. 5. Grave
Thoughts, Ac, 1855. 6. Serms., 1856. 7. Serms., 1857. 8.
Four Serms., 1857. 9. Historical Sketches, 3d Ser.. 185S.
Gurney, Joseph, and Gurney, William Brodie,
short-hand writers. Joseph pub. Brachygraphy, Lon.. 1751,
12nio; 15th ed., improved Ijy Thomas Gurney, 1825, 12nio.
Gurney, Joseph John, 1788-1847, an eminent phi-
lanthropist, and a distinguished minister of the Society of
Friends, was a native of Earlham, near Norwich, where
the family have possessed great influence for the last two
centuries. Mr. Gurney was the brother of the excellent
Elizabeth Fry, and a zealous co-labourer with her in many
GUR
GUT
enterprises of Christian benevolence. After passing through
a course of preparat(»ry study, the subject of this notice
resided for some time at Oxfttrd, under the charge of a
private tutor, and attended the lectures of the University
without becoming a member and without subscribing to the
Thirty-Nine Articles. Upon the completion of his education
Mr. Guruey became a member of the eminent banking-
house estahlished by his father, and henceforth devoted
much of his time to secular business, but was also actively
engaged in many philanthropic researches, and in the
zealous dischjirge of his duties as a minister (recognised
in ISIS) of the religious society to which he was attached.
In addition to missionary tours among the prisons of Scot-
land, England, and Ireland, Jlr. Gurney paid three visits
to the Continent in 1841-43, and passed three years (1S37-
40) in travelling in America. For the particulars connected
with the life of this truly excellent man, we refer the reader
to his Memoirs, by J. B. Braithwaite, Norwich, 1854, 2
vols. Svo; Phila., 1854, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols.
Svo. See also his Memoirs, by J. Alexander, Lon., 1S47,
12 mo; London Christian Observerfor February and March,
1847; Lou. Gent. Mag. for March, 1S47; Memorial of J. J.
Gurney, a Poem, by B. Barton, 1S47, 4to ; An Examina-
tion of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Guruey, by Wm.
Uodgson, Jr., Phila., 1856.
Mr. Gurney was the author of numerous works which
gained him a highly respectable rank in the Republic of
Letters, of which the following are the principal : — 1. Notes
on Prisons and Prison Discipline, Lon., 1819, 12mo. Re-
viewed by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxv. 286-
302. 2. Letter to a Friend on Christianity, 3d ed., 1824,
12mo. 3. Ohservations on the Religious Peculiarities of
tho Society of Friends, 1824, 12mo and Svo. It passed
thi'ough seven eds. in the lifetime of the author.
" The best defence of the Quakers; it was ably met in the British
Review." — Bicl-ersteth''s C. S.
4. Essays on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Practical
Operations of Christianity, 1827, Svo. Trans, into Ger-
man and Spanish.
" A very valuable summary and defence of evangelical views." —
Sickersteth's C. S.
" Mr. J. J. Uurney, if he had been a clergyman instead of a
Quaker, would have deserved a bisbopric for bis book upon the
Evidences of Christianity." — Zion. Qnor. linv.
5. Biblical Notes to confirm the Deity of Christ, 1830, Svo.
"An able, solid, and profitable critical illustration of texts on
the subject."' — Biclcersteth's C S.
6. Brief Remarks on the History, Authority, and Use
of the Sabbath, 1831, ISmo.
" Like every thing which proceeds from this author's pen. it dis-
plays solid erudition and acute reasoning, unitt^d to true simplicity
of mind and fervent piety." — Lawitdes^s Brit. Lib.
7. Portable Evid. of Chris'y, 2d ed., 1832, ISmo. New
ed., 1841, ISmo. 8. Four Lects. on the Evid. of Chris'y,
1834, ISmo. 9. Treatise on tho Habitual Exercise of Love
to God considered as a Preparative for Heaven. ISmo and
Svo : 7th ed., 1S4S, ISmo. 10. Letter to a Clerical Friend
on the Accordance of Geological Discovery with Natural
and Revealed Religion, 1835, 12mo.
"TVe greatly mistake if this tract, from the pen of our excellent
friend. Mr. Gurney. will not be found eminently serviceable to the
interests of revealed religion.'' — Lmi. Evangel. Mng.
11. Sabbatical Verses, 1837, Svo.
'• We do not consider that he was a poet of a very high order ;
but we might select fi-om that volume, and from others of his
verses, some etfusions which evince taste and fueling, attuning
devout ideas to the voice of melody." — Lon. C/iristian Obsei-ver.
12. Familiar Sketch of Wm. Wilberforce, 1840, ISmo,
13. A Winter in the West Indies, described in Familiar
Letters to Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 1840, Svo; 4th ed.,
1841, 18mo. 14. Terms, of Union in the Bible Society.
15. Puseyisra traced to its Root, 2d ed., 1845, Svo. \Q.
Thoughts on Habit and Discipline, 12mo and Svo; 2d ed.,
1844, 12rao; 6th ed., 1852, 12mo.
" Its tone is decidedly religious, but itsmethod is philosophical,
while its style is popular." — Lfin. Athenaeum.
Mr. Gurney also pub. Treatises on the Right Applica-
tion of Knowledge, and on other subjects. His Minor
Works have been pub. by Gilpin, of London, in 2 vols. Svo.
Mr. Gurney was thrice married: first, to Jane Birbcck,
■who died in 1822 ; secondly, to Mary Fowler, who died in
1836; and, thirdly, to Eliza P. Kirkbride, who survives
him. As a Christian, a philanthropist, and a man of ex-
tensive and accurate learning, Mr. Gurney was amply
entitled to the extraordinary respect and veneration which
was accorded to him by men of all ranks of life and all
classes of opinion.
Guruey, Richard, Jr. Fables, Lon., 1809, 12mo.
Gurney, Thomas. System of Short-Hand, Lon.,
1843, fp. Svo.
750
Gurney, W. B. System of Short-Hand, 16th ed.,
Lon.. 1S43, 12ino.
Guruey, >Vm, 1. Serm., 1808. 2. Serra., 180S.
Gurney, Rev. Wm. Pocket-Dictionary of the Holy
TJible, L-.n., 1820, ISmoj 1834, 24mo. From Calmet,
Bi^own, and others.
Gurwood, Colonel John, R.N., C.B., and Deputy-
Lieut, of the Tower of London, d. 1845, entered the army
in 1808, and served under the Duke of Wellington in the
Peninsula and at AVaterloo. He filled the post of private
secretary to the Duke, and was therefore well calculated
for the laborious duty of editing his De.>;patches and
Orders, which he performed in a highly creditable manner.
The mental toil and anxiety involved in this undertaking
perhaps proved indirectly the cause of the colonel's death
he committed suicide in a fit of insanity produced "by
relaxation of his nervous system, in consequence of his
great work, ' The Weliington Despatches,' being con-
cluded."— Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb.lS46 ; where will be found
an interesting biography of this distinguished soldier.
The Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, 1799-1818, —
which may be entitled a history of British military opera-
tions for that period, — were pub. in 13 vols. Svo, including
the Index, 1835-38. New ed., 8 vols. r. Svo, 1843-48; also
in 1853, S vols. Svo. Selections from, 1842, r. Svo; also
in 1850, r. Svo. To the Despatches must be added The
General Orders of the Duke, 1809-18, — also compiled by
Colonel Gurwood; — 1837, 8vo.
''Colonel Gurwood tikes occasion, but much too seldom, to in-
troduce short notes of his own, in order to eludidate circumstances
which the text of the letters does not explain. We greatly wish
that he had been less diffident on this score. . . . The 5uke"s high-
spirit.'d and able Editor." — Kouert Socthey : Lon. Quar. Itcv»
Iviii. 82-107.
"The most authentic and valuable of biographical productions.
It is analogous to Sparks's Life and Writings of ^Vashington."— •
Chancellor Kent.
Colonel Gurwood also arranged The Duke's Speeches
in Parliament, pub. in 1853, 2 vols. Svo. For a notice of
The Despatches and Orders, and estimates of the literary
character of the author, see Wellington, Arthur. \fEi4''
LESLEY, Dl'KE OF.
Gutch, J. W. G. Literary and Scientific Register,
Lon., 32mo. Pub. annually, 1842-56.
Gutch, John, d. 1831, aged ^Q, Registrar of the
Univ. of Oxford. Rector of St. Clement's, and Chaplain
of All-Souls' College. 1. Collectanea Curiosa; or, Miscell.
Tracts reL to the Hist, and Antiq. of Eng. and Ireland,
the Univ. of Oxford and Camb., <t'c., chiefly from the MSS.
of Archbp. Bancroft, Oxf., 1781, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Hist, and
Antiq. of the Univ. of Oxford; now first pub. in English,
from the original MSS. of Ant. Wood, with a Continuation
by the Editor, 1786, 4to. 3. Fasti Oxonienses, by Wood;
with a Continuation, Ac. by the Editor, 1790, 4to. 4. The
Antiq. and Annals of tha Univ. of Oxford, from the MS.
of AVood, 1792-94-96, 3 vols. 4to, See Wood, Anthony.
A biography of Mr. Gutch will be found in Lon, Gent.
Mag., Sept. 1831.
Gutch, John Mathew, ed. of Farley's Journal, d,
ISoS. A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode, 1847, 2 vols. Svo.
'■ These handsome volumes, both in richness nf matter and cor-
rectness of text, exceed the precious labours of even Ititsou him-
self."— ton. Gent. Mag.
*■ If any one wants to know bold Robin Hood as he was, let him
straightway possess himself of those two deliL'htful volumes for
which we are indebted to Mr. Gutch. We have hire uot only tbe
consecutive series of ballads known as The Lytell (.Jeste of Itobin
llode, but every ballad, tale, and song, relating to the famous
outlaw; and the whole are beJiutifuUy )llustrat**d. Mr.Gutch
thoroughly understands the duty of au editor, and has applied
himself heart and soul to the t^isk ; in consequence, he has given
us by far the best collection of English ballads which for years
has issued from the press." — Black-wood's Mag.
The graphic lines of the poet will occur to many of our
readers :
''lu this our spacious Isle, I think there is not one
But he of Kobiu Hood hath heard, and Little John,
And to the end of time the tales shall ne'er be done,
Of Scarlock, George k Green and Much the -Miller's Son,
Of Tuck the merry Friar, which many a Sermon made
In praise of Robiu Hood, his outlaws, and their trade."
Dravton.
Gutch, Rev. Robert. A Discourse, Lon., 1803, Svo.
t»uthi"ie, G. J., an eminent surgeon, has pub. a num-
ber uf professional treatises of high reputation, 1815-53.
Guthrie, or Guthry, Henry, d. 1670? Bishop of
Dunkeld, 1064. Memoirs, tonp. Charles I., Lon., 1702,
Svo; 2d ed., Glasg., 1747, l2nio.
Guthrie, James. Considerations rel. to the Dangers
to Religion and the Reform.. Edin.. 1660, 12mo.
Guthrie, James. Sorm., 1732, Svo; 1738, 12rao.
Guthrie, John. Laws of England, Lou., 1843, Svo,
GUT
Gnthrie, Mrs. Maria, wife of Dr. Jfatthew Guthrie,
and Acting Directress of the Imperial Convent for tlie
education of the Female Nobility of Russia. A Tour in
1795-96 through the Taurica or Crimea, Lon., 1802, 4to.
" This work contains a lovely description of the various tribes
that inhaliit the Crimea; tbe'ir manners, institutions, natural
history, and remarks on the migrations of the Asiatic tribes. That
part of the work which relates to antiquities was written by her
husband. Dr. tiutbrie.'' — Sfevenson^s Toyag^.s and Travels.
Guthrie, Matthew, M.D., husband of the preceding,
d. at St. Petersburgh in 1807. Dissert, surles Antiquities
de Russie, ic. Petersb., 1795, 8vo. He eon. papers to
Phil. Trans., 1778, '79; Trans. Edia. Soc, 1790; Nichol.
Jour., 1798.
Guthrie, Thomas, D.D., h. ISon, mini.-^ter of Free
St. John'.s, Edinluirgh, was Ijorn at Brechin, Forfarshire,
Scotland. 1. A Sufficient Maintenance and an Efficient
Ministry; a Serm.. with Notes, Edin., 1852, Svo.
*' We earnestly recommend this discourse." — Baptist Mag.
2. The Gospel in Ezekiel, 1855, 12mo; 20th thousand.
"The most eloquent of the present range of Free Church
preachers."
•'In the excellent work before us. these lights of the glorious
Gospel, as revealed tn an ancient prophet, are collected, arranged,
and iUustrat<>d, by the hand of a master."— CA i-ts. Qlisrrrer.
Dr. Guthrie has also pub. A Plea in behalf of Drunkards
against Drunkenness, and edited a new ed. (Edin., 1856,
fp. Svo) of Berridge's Christian World Unmasked. He
was one of the four leading men — the other three being
Drs. Chalmers, Cunningham, and Candlish — connected
with the disruption of the Established Church of Scotland
and the institution of the Free Church of that country.
To him also humanity is indebted for the establishment
of the Edinburgh original Ragged or Industrial School,
which has been productive of vast benefit to the poorer
classes.
Guthrie, Wni., 1620-1665, minister of the parish
church of Finwick, 1641-64. The Christian's Great
Interest. New ed., Lon., 1705 ; Glasg., 1755, Svo. With
Memoirs of the Author, Ac, Edin., 1797, 12mo; 4th ed.,
with Introdue. Ijy T. Chalmers, D.D., Glasg., 1844, 12mo;
7th ed., 1S50, 12mo. Tr.ans. into French, High and Low
Dutch, and (at the expense, it is said, of the Hon. Robert
Eoylej into one of the Eastern languages.
Dr. John Owen called this book his Vade-Mecum, and
added,
'■ I have wrote several folios, hut there is more divinity in it
than them all."
" An e.-ccellent work."— i3idcrs(rt7/'s C. S.
A sermon of Guthrie's on Sympathy, and Memoirs of
his Life by Rev. Wm. Dunlop, will be found in the Select
Biographies edited for the Woodrow Society by Rev. W.
K. Tweedie, Edin., 1845-47, 2 vols. Svo.
Guthrie, Wm., 1708-1770, a native of Brechin, a
Bchoolmaster in Aberdeen, and subsequently an author in
London, pub. a number of works and trans, from Cicero
and Quintilian. 1. Hist, of England to 1688, Lon., 1744-
51, 3 vols, fob Reprinted in 1771.
" A Tory history of England, by no means destitute of merit."
'■Now [1824] rarely consulted. ' — Jjihdin's Lib. Cutiip.
Ralph's Hist, of England may be read as a continuation
of Guthrie's. 2. Hist, of the English Peerage, 1763, 4to.
3. General Hist, of the World, 1764-67, 12 vols. Svo. 4.
A General Hist, of Scotl.and to 1746, 1767, 10 vols. Svo.
5. New System of Modern Geography, or a Geog., Hist.,
and Commercial Grammar, ic, 1770, Svo. Many edits. ;
last, by Davenport, 1843, ISmo; last ed. of the Atlas,
1840, 8vo. It is asserted that the bookseller, and not
Guthrie, was really the compiler of this popular work. 6.
Chronological Taijle, 1744, Svo. Guthrie was a contri-
butor to the Gentleman's Magazine and to the Critical
Review, and the author of many political p.imphlets, Ac.
pub. without his name. See Lysons's Environs, vol. iii. ;
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes ; BosweU's Life of Johnson ;
Disraeli's Calamities of Authors.
" Sir, he [Guthrie] is a man of parts. He has no great regular
fund of knowledge, but by reading so long and writing so long he
has no doubt picked up a good deal." — Dr. Johnson to Hoswell.
Guthrie, Wm., ALD., of St. Petersburgh. Con. to
Med. Cm., 1777, '94, '95.
Guthry, Henry. See Guthrie.
Gutzlatt, Itev. Charles, D.D., 1803-1851, a native
of Pyritz, Pomerania, a missionary in Java, Singapore,
Siam, and China, from 1826 until his death at Canton,
was the author of many works — theolog., historical, philo-
logical, legal, critical^ ic. — in Dutch, Latin, Siamese,
Cochin-Chinese, and English. An interesting account of
his life and labours will be found in the London Gent.
Mag. for Dec. 1851. See also The International Mag.,
(N. York,) vol. i. 317-318; iv. 707. Three or four of Dr.
GWI
G.'s works are well known to the English reader, viz.:
1. Chinese History, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. Svo.
"We cordially recommend this exceedingly interesting account
of this very interesting country."— ir«i. Keview.
"An authentic and interesting picture of China."— CsjxCELLOB
Kent.
2. China Opened; ed. by Rev. A. Reed, 1838, 2 vols.
p. Svo.
"A superficial, yet, on the wbole. pretty good, sketch of China
and it« inhabitants."- JfcC««oc^'s Lit. nf Polit. Emn.
" By far the most interesting, complete, and valuable account
of the Chinese Empire that has yet been published."— ioii. San.
3. A Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China,
1831-33 ; 3d ed., 1839, p. Svo. . v , .,
'• The work of a man who has done more to break down the
barrier which prevents the entrance of Christian missionaries into
China than any other human being."— X'>n. Edectic Heriew.
'■Mr UutzlafTs voyages are replete with surpassmg interest.
He is a wonderful man, a heroic Christian, and a zealous philan-
thiopist."— .ScoKis/i Piht. , T, c /If
4. The Life of Taon Kwang, late Emperor of China,
1852, p. Svo. Reviews of Mr. Gutzlaff's accounts of China
will 'be found in the Amer. Quar. Rev., xvii. 100, ("a
learned and masterly production." — Cn.iSCELLOR Kent;)
Lon. Quar. Rev., li. 468 : by E. G. Smith, in Chris. Quar.
Spec., V. 691; by B. B. Edwards, in Amer. Quar. Obs., i.
330. See also Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour,
ed. 1854, p. 67.
Guy, J. Songs, Catches, Ac., 1799.
Guy, Joseph, Prof, of Geography at the Royal Mili-
tary College, Great Marlow, has pub. many educational
works on Astronomy, Geography, History, Arithmetic, Ac.,
which maintain a high reputation.
Guy, Joseph, Jr., of Magdalen H.all, O.xford, son of
the preceding, was his father's assistant in some of the
works just noticed, and has himself pub. a number of
volumes on Grammar, Arithmetic, Ac.
Guy, Melmoth. Cancerous Cases, Ac, Lon., 1777, Svo.
Guy, Richard. W.o-ks upon Cancers, Ac, 1755-65.
Guy, Thomas, d. 1724, aged SO, the founder of Guy's
Hospital. His Last Will, Lon., 1725, Svo.
Guy, W. A. Principles of Forensic Medicine, Lon.,
1844, fp. Svo. Amer. ed., by C. A. Lee, N. York, 1845, Svo.
Guy, Wm. Dislocation; Med. i'acts, 1794.
Guybon, Francis. Empiricism, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Guyse, John, D.D., 1680-1761, a Calvinistic Inde-
pendent divine, settled at Hertford, and subsequently in
New Broad Street, London, pub. a number of Serms., Dis-
courses, Ac, but is best known by The Practical Exposi-
tor; or. An Exposition of the N. Test, in the form of a
Paraphrase, with Notes, Ac, Lon., 1739-42, 3 vols. 4to;
1760, 3 vols. 4to : called the best ed. Other eds., iu 6 vols.
Svo, Edin., 1775, 1808, '14.
'■ Dr. Ct. has shown his solid judgment and learning ; and, with-
out affectation and needless pomp of criticism, has given the reader
as full a view of the sense of the best interpreters, and as compre-
hensive an insight into the scope and meaning of the New Testa-
ment, as is likely perhaps to be met with in the same compass of
words." — MlDDLETON.
" A heavy work. In the paraphrase various and often discord-
ant senses are lirought together. The notes do not throw much
light on the text. It is far inferior to the similar work of his
friend and contemporary. Dr. Doddridge, [The Family Expositor.]''
—Ormr's Biltt. Bib.
*• If this work has not an air of elegant criticism and modern re-
finement, like the Family Expositor, [of Dr. Doddridge.] it is very
sound and judicious, expressed in a style significant, perspicuous,
and correct, though not ornamented." — Dr. E. Williams's V. P. -
'•Very useful to a miuister, though too heavy for the general
reader.'" — Birkf.rstHh's C. S.
■■ His paraphrase has never been very popuhir."— Siwne's Bill.
Bib.
'■It displays sound judgment, an intimate acquaintance with
the original, considerable critical acumen, with much seriousness
aud zeal for truth."— BoocE ANn Bexxett.
His work on the Holy Spirit (greatly admired) has been
recently (Lon., 1840, r. Svo) repub. His sermons, pub.
separately and collectively, and at various dates, have
been highly commended:
" His discourses the reader will find judicious, weighty, serious,
evangelical, and instructive."— iri'to/i's Dissenters.
'•Evangelical and practical."— iJiclers(c»rs C. S.
Gwilliam, or Guillim, Sir Henry, Chief-Justice
of the Isle of Ely. 1. Bacon's Abridgt. : see Bacon,
Matthew. 2. A Charge, 1799, 4to. 3. Acts, Ac rel. to
Tithes, 1801, 4 vols. r. Svo; 2d ed., by C.'Ellis, 1825, 4,
vols. r. Svo.
GwiUiam, John. Poems, Ac, Lon., 1813, Ac.
GwiUim, John. See Glillim.
Gwilt, Joseph. Encyc. of Architecture, illus. by
upwards of 1000 engravings on wood, Lon., 1842, Svo; 3d
ed., 1854, Svo.
■'This elaborate and learned work constitutes a complete body
of architecture." — L<m. Spectator.
1SK-
GWI
Mr. G. has pub. a number of other works on Architec-
ture, &c.
Givilym, David Ap, 1340-1400? the "Ovid of
;Wales, was a native of Brogynin, Cardiganshire. His
?"oT'<; '° "„"'"'■ P"'^- ^y Owen Jones and Wm. Owen,
KaJ, Svo. Highly commended by (he editors.
Uwiiiett, Ambrose. His Life, Lon., Svo.
t»wiiine, or Gwyiine, Matthew, M.D., d. 1627, a
native of London, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Oxford, first
rtof. of Physic in (iresham Coll., Lond..n, 15;ie-I607.
1. JNero Tragojdia, Lon., 1603, 4to. 2. Verlumnus Comie-
clia, 160,, 4to. 3. Chymicaj, 1611, 4to. Other publica-
tions. See Athen. Oxon.; Ward's Lives of the Gresham
rrofessors.
Gwuineth, or GAvynneth, John, Vioar of Luton,
pub. a number of treatises against the writings of J.jhn
Frith and the doctrines of tho Keformation, Lon., 1536-57.
See Athen. Oxon.
Gwyii, David. English verses, Lon., 16mo.
Gwyne, Lieut. Lawrence, R.N. Robertson's Navi-
gation; 7th ed., 1S05, r. Svo.
Gwyne, Wm. Two Serms., 17S0, 4to.
Gwynn, John. 1. Essay on Design. Lon., 1749, Svo.
2. London and Westminster improved, 1766, 4to. Many
of the improvements here suggested have been effected,
ihe dedication to the King was written by Dr. Samuel
Johnson.
^.9,"X""®' -""hn. Military Memoirs of the Great
Civ.l -iVar, Ac, Edin., 1S22, 4to. 500 copies printed,
ihe introduction was written by Sir Walter Scott.
'•C-iptain G Wynne was a retainer in the household of Charles I
?h,T= Tr""'' '■; "be war; afterwards he followed the kinnerof
Ch.Yles II served under Montroso, and joined James, Duke of
York, on the Continent."
Gwynue, Matthew, M.D. See Gwin-ve.
HAG
Gwynne, T. Law rel. to Duties on Probate and
Lett, ol Adniinis. ; 3d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Gwynneth, John. See Gwin.veth.
Gybson. A Description of Nortons in Yorkshire, 1669.
Gybson, Thomas. Concordance of the N Te«t
impr. by T. G., 1535? Probably the work of John
Day, assisted by Gybson, the printer.
J:^"' ^«'*- Nicholas. Phlebotomy, Lon., 1592, 8to
Gyflard, Gidard, Gifford, or Gyfford, Georee.
minister of Maldon, Essex, pub. 15 Serms. on the Song of
bolomon a number of occasional serms., and treatises
against Romanists, Brownists, witchcraft, Ac, 1573-1620
-A very noted preacher, and one most admirably well vers'd in
hil"thn/h, ? "f 'r;-''"°K -Wch we.-e rare and much in esteem n
his tune, but wnhal a ureal enemy to I'opery."-.4f/,«,. Oim..n v
ir.„ ' ?, .' *" Designs for Elegant Cottages and Small
V lllas, 1S09, 4to.
Gyfibrd, George. See Gtfpard.
Gyllord, R. Sacred Poems, Lon., 12mo.
Gylby, Goddred. 1. Trans, of an Epist. on the office
of a Magistrate, Ac, by Cicero and Quintus, Lon., 1561,
Ibmo. .. Trans, of Calvin's Admonit. against Astroloev
Judiciall, Ac, 16mo. "
Gylebie, or Gylby, Anthony. See Gilbt.
,0/^* „*'*'' *^* '• ^' Authenticity of the N. Test., Lon.,
IblJ, Svo. '
"A learned and satisfactoiy essay,"— ioienrfes's Bi-U. Lib.
i. JNew Hebrew Grammar, 1S14, '16, Svo
3. The Truth of Christianity, 1S32, Svo.
foMVe';ru.h''or Chdl.ta^tv.^"'"''' ""'"'''' "" '"''"'^ ""'*""^'
Gyles, Wm. A De'fence of Dr. Sherlock's Preserva-
tive against Popery; in reply to a Jesuit's Answer, Lon.,
loss, 4to.
H.
Haas, James D. 1. Gleanings from Germany, Lon.,
1S38. p. Svo. 2. F. Koblransch's Hist, of Germany, trans.
by J. D. H., 1845, Svo. Highly commended. 3. Zsc'hokke's
Hours of Meditation, 1S43, fp. Svo; 1846 l'>mo
.^1°° i.\" f^°"''n™"l'ousands have testified to the merits of this
ltt7^ y I "" "'."""'■.'^ "^' this portion of his writings has
lI Alt. "" "'"""■^ '° '"' "«""">' aopreciatld."-
Ilabersham, A. W., U.S.N. My Last Cruise; being
an Account of the U.S. North Pacific Exploring Expedi-
Uon ; 2d ed Phila., 1857, Svo. Highly commended.
Habershon, Matthew. 1. Prophetic Scriptures,
Lon., 1S34, 40 '42, Svo. 2. A Guide to the Study 0
Chronological Prophecy, 1S35, 12mo.
"" 'S written in a praclicol .ind Christian .spirit, and well di-
BlcSas™ ™ *"■ "" ""'^ ''""" "■"" taportant relTks.'?!
3 Revelation of St. John, 1841, Svo ; 1844, 2 vols. Svo.
4. Premillennial Hvmns, 2d ed., 1841 ISmo
Habington, -Thomas, d. 1647, collected thematerials
which formed the basis of Trcadway Nash's Hist, of Wor-
cestershire, and was engaged in some other literary labours
He was implicated in Babington's and in Essex's conspi-
racies, and in the Gunpowder Plot. See Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon.
Habington, William, 1605-1645, son of the pre-
ceding, was educated at the College of St. Omer, and in-
tended for a Jesuit, but in preference he married Lucy,
daughter of William Herbert, first Lord Powis, by Eleanor
daughter of Henry Percy, first Earl of Northumberland:
This lady first as the object of his courtship and secondly
as his wife, he has celebrated in his poems under the title
of Castara. Under this name also his poems were col-
lected and pub. in 1634, Lon., 4to; 2d ed., 1635, 12mo;
3d ed 1640 12mo. New ed., with a Pref. and Notes by
C. A. Elton, Bristol, 1S14, Svo. Also in Johnson and Chal-
mers s Eng. Poets, 1810.
.,11*1"^ ^"^^"i^ "'.'?'■'' '^leK''">«, much poetical fancy; and are
almost everywhere tinged with a deep moral cast, whi/h ought to
?m.7h?J'"'l'\"''c'r'' Pf™--'™'"- Indeed I cannot eailyaccom?
^i!%ifnfs:i 'p^a^T^^r '■ '"''"''' '^"™" ■■ ^*- ^"•' ""•
Wi' ^"p't "^ ^'' ^'""'^ deserve being revived."— flead/cy's Anc.
"As an amatory poet he possesses more unaffected tenderness
and delicacy of sentiment than either Carew or Waller, with an
elegance of versification very seldom inferior to his more favoured
oontemporariea."— Thomas Pare. i»."oi™
But aurll alteram partem:
763
j".!!"' a middling poet of the worst school of poetry, pos-
sessed the coldness without the smoothness and polish of Waller
and sacrificed grace and feeling to the utterance of cleverer strange
things: his amatory poetry is without passion, his funeral elegils
V itliout grief, .and his paraphrases of scripture without the warmth
or ^elevation of the original."— ion. Xetrosp. Kev., xii. 274-286:
'■ The poetry of Habington is that of a pure and amiable mind,
turned to versification by the custom of the day, during a reai
passion for a lady of birth and virtue, the Caslari whom he aftel-
wards marriHi; but it displays no great original power, nor is it bv
any ineans exempt from the ordinary blemishes of hyperbolical
compliment and fai-fetched imagery."-ifa/ta.«'s Lit. HM. of
Jiiirojie. •'
2 The Queene of Aragon ; a Tragi-Comedie, 1664, foL
And in Dodsloy's Collec of Old Pl.iys.
'-The play, indeed, possesses little that can be praised either in
incident, character, or imagery."-ife,r<,sp. Rn., uhi supra.
3. Hist, of Edward the IV., King of England, 1640, fol.
Written and pub. at the desire of K. Charles L It is re-
printed in vol. i. of Kennett's Hist, of England. 4. Obser-
vations upon Historic, 1641, Svo.
Wood observes that tho Hist, of Edward TV. was
'■ By many esteemed to have a stile sufficienllv florid, and better
beconnnga poerical than historical subject.'-;.//,..,,, him ,Vv:
ISlo" Dramat; and Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets,
Hack, Maria, a sister of Bernard Barton, has pub.
hmglish Stones of the Olden Time, Grecian Stories, Tales
of Travellers for Winter Evenings, and other popular
juvenile works.
Haeke,Capt.Wm, A Collection of Original Voyages,
Lon 1699, Svo. This collection contains part of the ori-
ginal material for the History of the Bucaniers : Capt
Cowley s Voyage round the Globe, Capt. Sharp's Journey
over the Isthmus of D.^rien and Expedition to the South
Seas, Capt. Wood's Voyage to the Straits of Magellan, Ac.
Hacket, Mrs. Poems, 1804, Svo.
Hacket, John, D.D., 1592-1670, a native of London,
fclT'"' S' ^"°' ^''"■' ^'"^^■' !'«<■'"' °f Stoke-Hamon
IblS; of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, and of Cheam
Jurrey 1624; Archdeacon of Bedford, 1631; Bishop of
Lichfield and Coventry, 1661. As a theologian he was a
zealous Protestant and a moderate Calvinist; as a man he
was in great reputation for piety, hospitality, generosity,
and benignity. 1. Comcedia Loila, data per Job. Hack'»t
Epis. Litchfield, Lon., 1648, Svo. This Latin comedy was
twice acted before James L 2. Serm., 1660, 4to. 3. A
Century of Serms., with the Author's Life, by Thos. Plume,
B.D., 1675, fol.
HAG
HAG
"Bishop Hacket and T go on well after supper. His are comical
sermODS: half Koman Catholic in their conceits, full of learning
which would be utterly unprofitable if it did not sometimes call
forth a shrewd remark, seasoned with piety, and having strong
good sense mixed up with other ingredients, like plums iu a pud-
ding which has not too many of them." — Southey's Life and Oj'-
resp.
4. Scrinia Reserta: the Life of Archbishop Williams,
1693, fol. Abridged by Ambrose Philips, 1700, Svo.
Abridged by W. Stephens, 1715, 4to.
''Full of cuiious matter." — Disraeli.
"■ What a delij^htful and instructive book Bishop Ilacket's Life
of Archbishop \Villiams is! You learn more fiom it of that whirh
is valuable towards an insight into the times preceding the Civil
Wars, than from all the pouderous histories and memoirs now com-
posed about that period." — Coleridge.
Another critic remarks that this work,
"Though full of elaborate and pedantic absurdity, insomuch
that it was roundly declared by a great judge of style to be the
worst-written book in the language, nevertheless abounds with
new and cuiious matter." — Lon. Quar. Jicv.
A new ed. of his Christian Consolations, with a Memoir,
was pub. in 1840, fp. Svo ; and a treatise of his on Fasting
will be found in Tracts of Angl. Fiithers, iv. 163.
*' He abounded not only with great learning, acute wit, excellent
judgment and memory, but with an incomparable ictc^rity. pru-
dence, justice, piety, charity, constancy to Uod and to his fiiend in
adversity, and iu his friendship was most industrious to fulfil it
with good offices. His motto was. Serve God, and he chearfulL" — ■
Dii. Campbell : Biog, Brit., q. v. ; also Life by Dr. I'lnme, prefixed
to his Sermons; Oen. Diet,; Athen. <>xon. ; (>ent. ^lag., vol. Ixvi.
Hacket, Lawrence. Serm.. 1707, 4to.
Hackett, Horatio B., b. December 27, 1S08, at
Salisbury, Mass. ; grad. at Amherst College, 1830; studied
Theology at Andover, and afterwards at Ilalle, in Germany ;
Prof. Ancient Languages in Brown Univ. from 1835 to 1839.
Since then Prof, of Hebrew and Biblical Interpretation in
Newton Theological Institution.
1. Plutarch de sera Numinis Vindiota, with a body of
Notes, Andover, 12mo. 2. Chaldee Grammar, translated
with Additions from the German, 8vo. 3. Hebrew Exer-
cises for the use of Theological Students. 4. A Commen-
tary on the Original Text of the Acts of the Apostles, 1853,
8vo: 2ded., 18oS. 5. Illustrations of Scrijiture, suggested
by a Tour in the Holy Land, Bost., 1855, 12mo. pp. 340.
Prof. Ilaokett has also contributed to various literary and
theological reviews. See N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858, 235.
Hackett, James. Expedit. which sailed to S. Ame-
rica in 1817. 1818, Svo.
Hackett, James Thomas, b. in Cork, Ireland, 1805,
sou of John Hackett, Is the author of various pamphlets
on railway statistics, building, and mathematics.
Hackett, John. Epitaphs, Lon., 1757, 2 vols. 12mo.
" An excellent collection." — Lowyidt's^s Bihl. Man.
Hackett, Roger. 1. Serm., 1591. 2. Do., 1593, 1628.
Hackett, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Down and Con-
nor.1672; deprived for simony, 1694. Serm., Lon. ,1672,4to.
Hackett, Capt. Wm. Cavahy, 1811, Svo.
Hackewill, Wm. See Hakeweli-
Hackitt, Thomas. 1. Voyage of Vezarianus, 1524.
2. Voyage of Kibault, in 15G3. These are iucluded in
Hakluyt's Voyages, 15S2, 4to, q. v.
Hackle, Palmer. Hints on Angling, Lon., 1846.
Hacklcy, Charles W., b. March 9, ISOS, at Herkimer,
N. Y. ; entered Military Acad., West Point, as Cadet, in
1825; grad., 1829; Assistant Professor of Mathematics at
West Point until 1832 ; studied law, and afterwards theo-
logy, and was ordained a clergyman in the Prot. Episcopal
Church in 1S35; Prof. Mathematics iu the Univ. of New
York till 1S38; afterwards Pres. of Jefferson College, Mis-
sissippi; Rector of St. Peter's Epis. Church in Auburn,
N. Y. ; and Prof, of Mathematics and Astronomy in Co-
lumbia College, N. Y., {since 1843.) 1. Treatise on Algebra,
N. Y., 1846, Svo. This is considered one of the most full
and complete single treatises on this subject in any language.
2. A School and College edition, abridged from the same,
Svo. 3. A treatise on Geometry, 1S47, 12mo. 4. A trea-
tise on Trigonometry and its applications to Navigation,
Surveying, Nautical and Practical Astronomy, &c., and
Geodesy, 1851, '54, Svo. 5. Haslett's Mechanics', Machin-
ists', and Engineers' Practical Book of Reference: and the
Engineer's Field-Bo.,k; edited by C. W. II., 1856, 12mo.
HackUiyt, Kichard. See Hakluvt.
Hackmau, Rev. James. His Letters: see Sir Her-
bert Croft's Love and Madness.
Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of, d.
1637, left a number of legal MSS. — Practics, Decisions
of the Ct. of Session, 1592-1624, &c.— for an account of
which see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, sixth Earl of,
d. 1785, was the author of Forty Select Poems, 1737, '61,
48
*65, 'S3. Tales in Verse, and a Treatise on Forest Trees,
1761. See Park's "Walpole's K. and N. Authors.
Haddock, Charles B,, D.D., b. 1796, late minister
from the U. States to Portugal, is a native of Salisbury,
(now Franklin,) N. Hampshire, and a nephew of the late
Hon. Daniel Webster. An interesting biographical sketch
of this eminent scholar and divine will be found in the
International Magazine, ii. 1-3. Addresses and Miscella-
neous Writings, Cambridge, 1846, Svo. Dr. H- has been a
contributor to The Biblical Repertory, The Bibliotheca
Sacra, and ether periodicals. He has now in preparation
a work on Rhetoric.
Haddo, James. Baptism, Edin., 1704, 4to.
Haddon, Walter, 1516-1572, a native of Bucking-
hamshire, one of the revivers of the learned languages in
England, Fellow of King's Coll., Cauib., became President
of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., and Prof, of Rhetoric and Ora-
tory in the University. Ho was one of the authors of The
Reformatio Legnm Ecclesia.'«ticarum. A collective edit,
of his works, consisting of 10 Latin Orations, 14 letters,
and some poems, was pub. in 1567, Lon., 4to, under the
title of Lucubrationes, &c. His Poemata were pub., with
his Life, in 1576, 16rao.
When Queen Elizabeth was asked whether she preferred
Haddon or Buchanan in point of learning, she replied,
'■Iluchananum omnibus antepouo,
lladdonum nemini postpouo,"
An eminent modern critic considers that Haddon's merits
as a Latinist have been overrated:
" Many of oui' own critics have extolled the Latiuity of Walter
Iladilon. His Orations were published in 1567. They belong to
the first years of this peiiod. [1550 to 1000,] but they seem hardly
to deserve any high praise. Haddon bad certainly laboured at an
imitation of Ciceio. but without catchinj; his manner or getting
rid of the florid, semi-poetical tone of the fourth century.'' — Hal-
lam'-' Lit. Ili^t. of Eurr,j>c.
Haden, Charles Thomas. 1. Med. Guide for Fa-
milies, Lon., 8vo. 2. Alcock's Diseases of Children, Svo.
3. Formulary rel. to Morphine, &c.: see Ddnglisok, Rob-
lev, M.D., LL.D.
Haden, Thomas. Case of Rupture, Trans. Med.
and Cbir., isiu). The patient recovered.
Hadfield, James. Gothic Arehitec. of Esses, Lon.,
1848, fol. A work of great value to the antiquary as well
as to the architect.
Hadfield, Thomas. 1. Serm., 1733, Svo. 2. Do.,
17:^7, svM.
Hadley, George. Trade Winds, Phil. Trans., 1735.
2. Meteorolog. Diaries, ib. 17.'>5.
Hadley, Capt. George. Hist, of Kingston-upon-
Hull, 1788, 4to. Capt. H. pub. some grammat. works
upfin the Persian language, &c., 1776-1809.
Hadley, John, d. 1744, whose name is connected
with the invention of the quadrant and of a reflecting
telescope, contributed a number of papers on astronomy,
nat. philos., Ac. to Phil. Trans., 1723—46. He was Vice-
President of the Royal Society.
Hadley, John. Chem. Lects., Camb., 1758, Svo.
Hadow, James. Antinomianism, Edin., 1721, 12mo.
Hagiiar, Henry. The Order of Causes, of God's
Fore-Knuwledge. &c., Lon., 1654, 4to.
Haggard, John, LL.D. 1. Reports in Consis. Ct. of
London, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Rep. in H. Ct. Admi-
ralty, 1832-38, 3 vols. Svo; 1S25-40. Continued by Dr.
Wm. Robinson. 3. Rep. of the Judg. in Dew r. Clark and
Clark, 1826, Svo. 4. Rep. of the Judg. rel. to Grace, 1S28,
Svo. 5. Rep. in Eccles. Cts., 1S27-32, 4 vols. Svo.
Haggerstone, George. Remarks on a Serm.
preached by Rev. W. Graham. Lon., 1773, Svo.
Haggerty, Francis, D.D. Serm., 1810.
Ilaggett, John. See Haggitt.
Haggitt, Francis, D.D. Serm., .Ike, 1810, '13.
Haggitt, George. 1. The Sacrament, Lon., 1793,
Svo. 2. Serms., 1796, '97, 2 vols. 8voj 1825, Svo.
" Plain and practical sermons ; written in simple and unoraa-
mented language."
Haggitt, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Two
Letts, on Gothic Architecture, Camb., 1S13, r. Svo.
Haghe, Louis, b. in Belgium, 1822, for many years
a resident of England. Sketches in Belgium and Ger-
many, 3 series, 1840, '45, '50, all imp. fol.
"This work is an honour to the Artist and a credit to the
country, as containing first-rate specimens of artistic skill." — Lon.
M. B.>st.
Mr. II. has pub. several other works, ''illustrating with,
masterly fidelity the archa;ological treasures of his native
country." See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856.
Hagthorpe, John. Divine Meditations and Elegies,
Lon., 1622, sm. Svo. 2. Visioncs Rerum, 1623, sm. Svo,
7&a
HAG
HAK
England's Exchequer; or, A Discourse of the Se« .and 1 and Providence of God in the Government of the World,
Navigation, 1625, 4to. Respecting the three precedin
works, see Brydges's Brit. BiMiog., i. 2.'i6-240 ; Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., 925, 926. A vol. entitled Hagthorpe Re-
vived, printed entirely on India paper, was struck off at
the Lee Priory Press, by Sir i^. E. Brydges, for the mem-
bers of the Ro.tburghe Cluh, 1S17, 4to.
Hague, Thomas. Political tr.acts, ISO.S, '09, '10.
Hague, William, D.D., a native of New York, a
Baptist minister, now (1856) settled at Albany, N. York.
1. The Baptist Church transplanted from the Old World
to the New, N. York, 1S46, 12mo. 2. Guide to Conversa-
tion on the Gospel of John, Boston. 3. Review of Drs.
Fuller and Wayland on Slavery, 18mo. Answered by the
Rev. Thos. Meredith. Raleigh, N. C. 4. Christianity and
Statesmanship, N. Y'ork, 1855, 12mo. 5. Home Life: 12
Lects. on the Duties and Relations of the Family Circle.
.See Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Os.soli, i. 184.
Hahn, James, and Placido and Justo Gener.
The Steam Engine for Practical Men, Lon., 1854, 8vo.
" A veiy useful puide to the Practical Engineer." — L^n. Ciril
EiifJ't^o^r inni ArrhitecVs J'Hirnaf.
Haig, Charles. Corp. Act of Ireland, Dubl., 1841,
12mo. See 1 Legal Reporter, 175.
Haig, James. Topog. and Hist. Account of Kelso
and Roxliurgh, &c., Ediu., 1825, 8vo.
Haig, James, Tlie Sep.aration of Law and Equity,
Ac., Lon., 1841, 12mo. See 5 Jurist, 1026.
Haigh, J. Day Schools, 1816, 18mo.
Haigh, James. 1. The Dyer's Assist., Leeds, 1778,
]2nio. 2. Hint to Dyers, Ac, Lon., 1779, 8vo.
Haigh, Samuel. Sketches of Buenos Ayres, Chili,
and Peru, Lon., 8vo.
"We recommend the book as an unpretending production,
aboundiufr in fair and impartial observatinns. in interestiug facts,
in description of manners faithful, while they are picturesque." —
Lon. Atlit'tiiTiim.
Haigh, Thomas. 1. Conjuga Latina, Lon., 1808,
]2mo. "2. Diurnal Rcailings. 1814. 12mo.
Haight, Rev. Benjamin, Rector of AU-S.aints'
Church. N. York. Address liel'ore the Philolexian Soe. of
Columbia Coll.. May 17, 1840, N. York, 1840, 8vo, pp. 31. |
Haight, Mrs. Sarah Rogers, formerly Miss Ro-
gers, wife of Mr. Richard K. Haight, of New Y'ork, has
embodied the results of many years' foreign travel in two
popular vols., entitled Letters from the Old World, N.
York, 1840, 2 vols. 12mo.
"These are delightful volumes of familiar epistles fiom Egypt.
.Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey, and Greece; and the impres-
sions they give us of those intensely-interesting regions ai-e so
vivid and lifelike, that we have more than om:e iu reading them
imagined ourselves with the gifted lady-author in ' the laud of the
east — the clime of the sun.'"
Haigliton, John, M.D. Profess, con. to Med. Com.,
1789 ; to Memoirs Med., 1789, '92 ; to Phil. Trans., 1795, '97.
Hailes, Lord. See Dalrvmpi.e, David.
Hailes, C. Reward of the Mcrcifull, Lon., 1595, IBmo.
Hailes, VVm. Serm., 1722, 8vo.
Hails, W. A. 1. Invention of the Life-Boat, 1806,
8vo. 2, Nuga; Poeticte. 1S06.
Hails, W.H. 1. Deity of the Messiah. 2. Socinian-
ism Unscriptural, 181.1.
Hailstone, John. 1. Lects. on Mineralogy, 1791,
;vo. 2. (Tcology of Cambridgeshire, Geol. Trans., 1816.
Ilainam, Hanam, or Hannam, Richard. 1. His
uife, Lon., 1656, 4to. 2. His Last Farewell to the World,
1666, 12mo. 3. His Speech and Confession, 1656, 4to.
tiainam was a famous thief, and died under the gallows.
There was pub. a work entitled The English Villain, or
rbe Grand Thief; being a full Relation of the desperate
,ife and death of Richard Hainam, Lon., pp. 14.
Haines, Charles G., d. 1826, aged 32, a native of
Canterbury, New Hampshire, practised law in New Y'ork.
Among his writings are — 1. Considerations on the Erie
Canal, 1818. 2. Memoir of T. A. Emmet, 1829.
Haines, Richard, pub. several treatises on Trade,
Work-Houses, Alms-Uouses, Ac., Lon., 1670-84. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Haiward, John. The Strong Helper ; teaching in
all Troubles how to cast our Burden upon God, Lon.,
1614, 8vo.
Hake, Edward, pub. some theolog., historical, and
other treatises, Lon., 1574-1604. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Hakevvill, George, D.D., 1579-1649, a native of
Exeter, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxf , became Arch-
deacon of Surrey, 1616. He pub. several theolog. treatises
Oxf., 1627, '30, '36, fol. „ , ^ c ,
" There have been many great inquests, remarks Josnua Kyl-
and serms., 1608-41, and the f illowing work, by which he
is best known : An Apologie or Declaration of the Power
75*
vester, , , ,, ^.„ ,
" To tind the cause why bodies still grow less.
And daily nearer to the pigmies' size."
Hakewill, however, contends that the earth does not
decay as it grows old, and that nature is not debilitated
with age. He has treated his subject with much ability,
and his work has been highly commended by Abp. Usher,
Dr. Warton, Dugald Stewart, and others.
"Those who think the World is degenerated would do well to
read it."— I*r. J. M'urton to Alex. Pnpf.
"The production of an uncommonly liberal and enlightened
mind, well stored with various and choice learning, collected both
from ancient and modern authors." — Dooald Stewart.
" A work admirably interesting, as well by its piety as its learn-
ing."—Todd. .
" Some of the good old archdeacon's topics may excite a smUe in
these times."— SoiiTBEY.
" A celebrated work, highly commended. The style of Johnson
was much formed upon that of Hooker. Bacon, Sanderson, Hake-
will, and others.—' Those Oiants,'as a great personage calls them."
" The learning shown iu this treatise is very extensive ; but Hake-
will has no taste, and cannot perceive any real superiority iu the
ancients." — Ha/lam's Lit. Hint, of Europe.
See Athen. Oxon. ; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy;
Lloyd's Memoirs ; Usher's Life and Letters.
HakCAvill, James, architect, 1. Ccelehs; a Novel,
1812, sm. 8vo. 2. Hist, of Windsor, Ac, Lon., 1813, imp.
4to, .and 1. paper. 3. Picturesque Tour of Italy, 1816-17,
63 engravings from drawings, by J. M. W. Turner, 1820,
4to, and 1. paper, fol.
" One of the most beautiful and really instructive works of its
kind in this country." — Dibdiri's Lib. Omp.
This should accompany Eustace's Tour, and Addison
and Forsyth's Travels.
4. Tour in Jamaica, 1820-21, r. 4to, and 1. paper, 1825.
5. Elizabethan Architecture, 1847, 8vo.
Hakewill, VVm., M.P., .an eminent lawyer, educated
at Exeter Coll.. Oxf, elder brother of George, pub. several
political and other treatises, of which the following are the
best-known ;—l. Liberty of the Subject, Lon., 1641, 4to.
2. Modus tenedi Parli.amentum, 1641, '71, 8vo ; 1659, 12mo.
" He was a grave and judicious counsellor, bad sate in divers
parliaments, and out of his great and long conversation with an-
tiquity did extract several remark.ablo observations concerning the
liberty of tlic subject, and manner of holding of parliaments.'" —
See uiiss's Wnod's Athen. Oxou.
Hakluyt, Richard, 1553 ?-1616, Preb. of Bristol and
of Westminster, and Rector of Wetheringset, Suffolk, was
a native of London or its vicinity, and educated at Christ
Church, Oxford. He took gre.at interest in the voyages
made by his countrymen and others ; and it is to his in-
dustry and enterprise that we are indebted for the preser-
v.ation of accounts which would otherwise, in all proba-
bility, have been entirely lost to the world. 1. Diners
Voyages touching the Discouerie of America and the
Islands adjacent unto the same, Ac, Lon., 1682, 4to.
2. Foure Voyages unto Florida, Ac, by Capt. Loudonniere
and others. Trans, from the French, by R. Hakluyt, 1587,
4to. The year preceding he had this work pub. at Paris,
in French. Ho .also had pub. at Paris, in 1587, an im-
proved ed. of Peter Martyr's work, De Orbe Novo, 8vo;
and at his suggestion this work was afterwards trans, into
English, by M. Lok, and pub. under the title of The His-
toric of the West Indies. It is repub. in the Supp. Vol. to
the reprint of Hakluyfs Voyages. 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to.
See Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xi. 100-123: 1S25. 3. The Prin-
cipal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Diseoueries of
the English Nation, made by sea or over land, to the most
remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth, at any
time within the compasse of these 1600 years, 1589, fol.
This is the first ed. of the celebrated collection to which
Hakluyt principally owes his fame. It is exceedingly
rare; and Jadis's copy, (see his cat., 339,) with a map re-
ferred to in the preface, {see next sentence,) and an account
of Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 6 leaves, inserted between pp.
64.3-644, sold for £26 6s.
" But the best map of the sixteenth century is one of uncommon
rarity, which is found in a very few copies of the tirst edition of
H.altluy t's Voyages. This contains Davis's 8tr.aits, (Fretum Davis,)
Virginia by name, and the lake Ontario. ... It represents the ut>
most limit of geographical knowledge at the close of the sixteenth
century, and far excels the maps in the edition of Ortelius at Ant-
werp in 15SS." — HaUaiii's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. v.
An enlarged ed., comprehending 1600 years, appeared
1598-99-1600, in 3 vols, fol., bound in 2. In some of the
copies, the Voyage to Cadiz, forming pp. 607-619 of the
Isl vol., is wanting, or supplied by a reprint. It was sup-
pressed by the order of Q. Elizabeth, after the disgrace of
the Earl of Essex. The scarcity of these vols, induced
Mr. Evans to publish a new ed., edited by Mr. G. Woodfall,
HAK
HAK
1S09-12, 5 vols. r. 4to, £15 15s. — 250 copies printed: large
paper, imp. 4to, £31 lOs. — 75 cupios printed. This ed.
contains an accurate reprint of the best folio ed., with the
addition of those voyages which wore pub. in the 1st ed.
and omitted in the 2d. The above reprinted matters are
included in vols, i., ii., and iii., and part of vol. iv., of the
new ed. The latter part of vol. iv., and the whole of vol.
v., are taken up with voyages printed by Ilakluyt, or at
his suggestion, subsequent to the publicatiun of his Collec-
tion, and a tract from a MS. entitled The Omission of Cales
Voyage stated and discussed by the Earl of Essex, and a
MS. of Brocfinicre. This Supp. was alsu pub. in a sepa-
rate vol., 1812, 4to. The contents areas fnlbiws — reprints :
1. Galvano's Discoveries of the World, IHOl.
2. Davis. The World's Hydrographicnl De.-cription, 1595.
3. Brocquiere, Voyage d'Outreraor. From a MS.
4. Eden, Navigation and Voyages of Lewis Vei*?omanus.
5. A Voyage made by certain ships of Holland to the
East Indies, 1598.
6. The prosperous and speedy voyage to Java, performed
by 8 ships of Amsterdam, in 1598^99, (ItlOO.)
7. Newes from, the East Indies ; or, a Voyage to Bengalla,
1638.
8. The Fardle of Facions, 1555.
9. The Conquest of the grand Canaries, 1599.
10. The History of the West Indies. A trans, of P. Mar-
tyr's Decades.
11. Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine
land of Florida, 1609.
12. A Discovery of the Bermudas, set forth by Silvanus
Jourdan, 1610.
13. A true copy of a discourse on the late voyage to Spain,
1589.
14. The omissions of Cales Voyage stated by the Earl of
Essex. From a MS.
In the original edits, uf Hakluyt's Collection — see No. 3
— which arc contained in vols, i., ii., iii.. and part of vol.
iv., of the reprint of 18119-12, will be funnd narratives of
nearly 220 voyages, with many relative documents, con-
sisting of patents, letters, instructions, &q. The first part
of the CuDection consists of Voyages to the North and the
Northeast; the true state of Ireland; the defeat of the
Spanish Armada; the expedition under the Earl of Essex
to Cadiz, (fee. The second part entertains us with voyages
to the South and Southeast; and in the third portion our
curiosity is gratified and our mind enriched by the account
of expeditions to North America, the West Indies, and
round the world. Of this invaluable storehouse of enter-
taining, amusing, and instructive matter, and of its col-
lector, we shall have more to say presently. 4. Two Re-
membrances of things to be undiscovered in Tui'key,
touching our Cloathiug and Dying, 1592. 5. A Trans,
from the Portugese of Antonio Gulvaro's Hist, of the Dis-
coveries of the World, from the first Original to a.d. 1555,
1601, 4to. 6. A Trans, from the Portugese of Virginia,
richly valued, Ac, 1609, 4to. Reprinted in Supp. to new
ed. of Hakluyt's Voyages, 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to. 7. Hist,
of the Travailcs, Discouery, and Conquest of Terra Florida,
by Don Fcrdinando de Soto, 1611, 4to. 8. Hakluyt's MSS.
Remains, which would have formed another vol., fell into
the hands of Samuel Purchas, and were dispersed by him
throughout his Pilgrimes, (Hakluyt Posthumus.) 5 vols.
fob, 1625-26. For further particulars respecting Hakluyt
and his publications, see Biog. Brit.; Oldys's Librarian;
Athen. Oxon. j Locke's Explan. Cat. of Voyages prefi.xed
to Churchill's Collection of Voyages ; Clarke's Progress
of Maritime Discovery; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
As few — very few — bibliographers can ever hope to exult
in the possession of a set of the Voyages of De Bry, it is
no small consolation to l>e able to secure, at a trifling ex-
pense, the five goodly quartos, 1809-12, which compose
the Hakluyt Collection.
" But what a biblint^mphical cord am I striking," says that
amiable enthusiast, Dr. Itjixlin. "in the mention of thy Travels of
De Bry I What a ' Pfr''!iriii-ifi"ii' Joes the possession of a copy of
hii^ labours imply I Wh;tt toil, diffiL-ulty. perplexity, anxiety, and
vi:xatiou attend the colleptor — be he young or old — who sets his
h*-art upon a perfect I>e Bry ! How many have started forward
in this pursuit with pay spirits and well-replenished purses, but
have turned from it in despair, and abandoned it in utter hope-
lessness of achievement!" — Library Cbmpunvm.
But what a tempting, yet what a hydra-headed, theme,
have we almost unconsciously approached ! But we cannot
linger even over a dish so epicurean and highly flavoured.
Let the veritable bibliographer, who longs for a rich repast,
refer to the Bibliotheca (Jrenvilliana, 184-191. The grand
eeries of vols, there described now reposes in the British
Museum, and, with the addition of those which were already
in the library, may claim to be one of the principal orna-
ments of that noble institution. But we are happy to add
that the most complete set of De Buy in existence is in
the possession of an American gentleman, Mr. James
Lenox, of New York, collected by the anxious toil of many
of his agents in various parts of the world, and at an ex-
pense, it is asserted, of not less than £4000.
But to return to Hakluyt: it is amusing to observe the
diffidence with which old Anthony a Wood ventures a
timid vaticination respecting the future status of the wild
country to which so many adventurers recorded by Hak-
luyt's industry steered their barques :
"Which work," says Anthony, referring to Hakluyt's Collec-
tion, "being by him performed with great care and industry,
cannot but be an honour to the realm of England, because pos-
sil)Iy many ports and islands iu America, that are bare and bar-
ren, and only bear a name for the present, may prove rich places
iu future time." — Athen. Oxon.
Could Anthony now open his eyes upon the twenty-five
millions of people in the United States, doubtless he would
claim no small credit for his discernment. The author
of the Explanatory Catalogue of Voyages prefi.xed to
Churchill's Collection of Voyages, said to be the cele-
brated John Locke, characterizes Hakluyt's Collection as
*' Valuable for the good there to be picked out : — but it miyht
be wished that the author had been less voluminous, delivering
what was really authentic and useful, and not stuffing his work
with so many stories taken upon trust, so many trading voyages
that have nothing new in them, so many warlike exploits not at
all pertinent to his undertaking, and such a multitude of articles,
charters, privileges. letters, relations, and other things little to the
purpose of travels and discoveries."
But we think that this criticism is open to severe anim-
adversion. Every item excepted against is a valuable
portion of the great whole.
An eminent authority thus compares the respective
merits of Hakluyt and Purchas as compilers of voyages:
"We have in our own language as good and as bad collections
as ever were made; one instance of each may sufl3ce. Mr. Hak-
luyt was an able, ingenious, diligent, accurate, and useful com-
piler; and his collections are as valuable as anything in their
kind; on the other hand, I'urchas his Pilgrims are very volumin-
ous, and for the most part a very trifling and insignificant collec-
tion : his manner, for I cannot call it method, is irregular and
confused; his judgment weak and pedantic; his remarks often
eilly, and always little to the purpose. This shows how much
depends upon the care and skill of the collector; who on the one
hand is to provide what may entertain and please, and on the
other is t<i be careful that knowledge and instruction be conveyed
with pleasure and amusement." — Dr. John Hay^is^s Collcc. of
Voyages^ Introdiic. See PuRCHAs, Samuel.
An abstract of Hakluyt's labours will be found in
Oldys's Brit. Lib., 136-158. The compiler declares that
*' this elaborate and excellent collection"
" Redounds as much to the Glory of the English Nation, as any
Book that ever was published in it."
"Every reader conveisant in the annals of our naval transac-
tions will cheerfully acknowledge the merit of Richard Hakluyt,
who devoted his studies to the investigation of those periods of
English History which regard the improvement of navigation and
commerce. . . . Thus animated and encouraged, [by Sir Francis
Walsingbam and Sir Philip Sidney.] he was enabled to leave to
posterity the fruits of his unwearied labours — an invaluable trea-
sure of nautical information preserved in volumes which even at
this day afHx to his name a brilliancy of reputation which a series
of ages can never efl'ace or obscure." — Zoiich^s Life of Sir Philip
Sidjiei/.
'■ Works like these [Hakluyt and Purchas] are very curious
monuments of the nature of human enterprises, human testimony
and credulity — of the nature of the human mind and of human
affairs. Much more is, indeed, offered to a retined and philosophic
observer, though buried amid this unwieldy and unsightly mass,
than was ever supposed by its original readers, or even its first
compilers," — Prof. Smi/th's Lccts. fu M<"i. Hist.
"Richard Hakluyt. the enlightened fiii-nd and able document-
ary historian of these commer(i:il entcriirises, [Voyages to New
England.] a man whose fame sh'HiM be vindicated and asserted in
the land which he helped to colonize." — Bancroft's History of the
United Slatfs. 15th ed., i. 113 : 1S54.
The collector must place on the same shelf with his
Hakluyt's Collection the publications of the Society
which bears the honoured name of the enthusiastic and
laborious compiler. The Hakluyt Society was established
in 1846, and its publications to 1854 are as follows:
Hakluyt Society's Publications:
1. Observatious of Sir R. Hawkins in the South Sea,
1593, edited by C. R. D. Bethune : 1847.
2. Select Lettersof Columbus, translated by R. H. Major,*
1847.
3. Discovery of Guiana, &q. in 1595, by Sir W. Raleigh,
edited by Sir "H. H. Schomburgh ; 1848.
4. Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 1595, edited by W. D. Cooley ;
1849.
5. Voyages towards the N. W. in search of a Passage to
Cathay "from 1496 to 1631, edited by T, Rundall; 1849.
755
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6. Stractey's Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britan-
nia, edited from an original MS. by R. II. Major; 18411.
7. Hakluyt. Divers Voyages touching the Discovery
of America, edited by J. W. Jones; 1850.
8. Memorials of the Empire of Japan, edited by T.
Kundall.
9. Discovery and Conquest of Florida by Don F. de
Soto. Edited by W.B. Rye; 1851.
10. Remarks in many Voyages to Hudson's Bay, edited
by John Barrow; 1852.
11. Notes upon Russia, being a Translation of the
" Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii," by Baron Sigis-
mund von Herberstein, Ambassador to the Grand Prince
Vasiley Ivanovieh, 1517-26; edited by R. U. Major,
2 vols.; 1861, '62.
12. Three Voyages by the North East by the Dutch m
1594-95 and '9B. Written by Gerrit de Veer ; edited by
C. T. Beke; 1853.
13. Meudoza's History of the Great and Mighty King-
dom of China,1688 ; edited by Sir G. Staunton, 2 vols.; 1853.
14. The World Encompassed, by Sir Francis Drake,
1577-80; 1854.
See an interesting article on the publications of the
Hakluyt Society in the N. Brit. Rev., xviii. 229-242.
IlalbrooUe, W., M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans.,
1710.
Halcomb, J. 1. Causes of Eowe v. Grenfell, ic,
Lon., 1820, 8vo. 2. Passing Private Bills, 1838, 8vo.
Halcombe, John, Jr. Peace; an Ode, 1814.
HaUlane, Alexander. Memoirs of the Lives of
Robert Haldano of Aitbrcy and of his brother James
Alexander Hald.ane, Lon., 1852, 8vo ; 2d ed.. enlarged,
same year. Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev.. April, 1856.
■• A book which will, in a future age, be considered as deseiTing
a chief place in the liiosraphy of the first h.ilf of the uineteeuth
ceuturv.'" — BriU^fh Birinifr.
Haldaue, Lt.-Col. Henry. 1. Official Letters to
the Earl of Chatham, Lun., 1S04, Svo. 2. Articles of War,
1810, Svo. 3. Cou. on nat. philos. to Nic. Jour., 1797, '98,
1800.
Haldaue, James Alexander, 1763-1851, a native
of Dundee, brother of Robert Haldaue, entered as mid-
shipman on board an East Indiaman, 1785; appointed
Captain of the Melville Castle, 1793 ; quitted the naval
service in 1794; became an Independent itinerant minis-
ter, 1797; acted as pastor at the Tabernacle, Leith Walk,
Edinburgh, and laboured with great zeal and success until
his death. 1. Social Worship, &,e. of the First Christians,
Edin., 1805, 12mo. 2. Forbearance. 3. Baptism. 4. As-
sociation of Believers. 5. Revelation, 2 vols. Svo. 6. Self-
Examination, 18mo. 7. Man's Responsibility, 1842, 12mo.
8. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1845, 12mo. 9. The
Atonement, 2d ed., 1847, fp. 8vo. 10. Expos, of the Epist.
to the Galatians, 1S48, fp. Svo. For an interesting account
of the life and labours of Mr. Haldaue, see the Memoirs,
Ac. by Alexander Haldaue. nt>te.
Haldane, Kobert, 1704-1842, a brother of the pre-
ceding, entered the Royal Navy. 1780, but retired in
1783, and became an Independent itinerant minister. He
laboured with great zeal for the propagation of the Go.«pel,
both at home and on the Continent. He expended £30,000
in the erection of houses of worship, and educated 300
young men under Dr. Bogue and Mr. Ewing, as preachers
to otSciate in thciu and in other stations. For an account
of his abundant labours, see the Memoirs, Ac. of Alex-
ander Haldane, attic. As a writer he gained considerable
reputation by the following works : — 1. The Evidence and
Authority of Divine Revelation, Edin., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo;
3d ed., 1839, 2 vols. fp. Svo. In Freuch, Montauban,
1817, 2 vols. 12mo.
" This is a very excellent book on the necessity, the evidences,
and the subject of revelation. It is distinguished from most
works of the kind by the excellent views of t'luistiiinity which
it contains, and the decided m.^nner in which it tiililiis.^cs men
concerning the salvation of the gospel and theiiifniilr impurtauce
of attending to their eternal interests." — Onttti's Bibl. Bib.
2. The Verbal Inspiration of the Scriptures maintained
and established; the Books of the 0. and N. T. proved to
be Canonical, &c., Edin., 1830, 12mo ; 6th ed., lS53,12mo.
"Mr. llaldane's views of the subject deserve serious considera-
tion."—BictcrsW/i's C. &
"Distiugui.shed for comprehensive and vigorous thinking." —
JjOVjitddi^s Brit. Lib.
" A standard work on the momentous subject of which it treats."
—Edin. Clttistiittt histritcUir.
3. Expos, of tho Epistlo to the Romans, with Remarks
on the Commentaries of Macknight, Tholuck, and Stuart,
Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 12mo ; 1842, 3 vols. 12mo; 1S52, 3 vols.
l^mo.
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*'Cnlvin and n.aldane stand alone — the possessors as expositcrs
of this Kpistle of nearly equal honours." See Kdin. Presl^yteriau
Review. May. 1836; Jan. and Nov. 1837.
*■ Oalvinietic and evangelical; answering those who take opposite
views in these points." — Bicl^ersUllt's C. S.
• .'' As Mr. Haldane had commented rather severely on Dr. Tholuck,
the translator of the professor's Exposition, [Kev. Itobt. Menzies.j
in 1838, published an Answer to Mr. Kobert llaldane's Strictures,
in Svo. Tholuck rejects the horrtltih liecrcttijti of Calvin, which
Mr. Haldaue fully receives. Mr. Menzies iias temperately replied
to his strictures." — Ilortie's Bibl. Eib.
Haldeman, Professor S.S.,b. in Lancastercounty,
Penna., 1812, a distinguished writer on natural science,
philology, Ac. 1. Freshwater Univalve MoUusca of the
United States, Phila., 1840-44, Svo.
'■ Very well done in a scientific point of view, and perfectly exe-
cuted in regard to the plates and typography." — Bet^ue Zool., Paris,
1842.
2. Zoalogical Contributions, Phila., 1842^3. 3. Ele-
ments of Latin Pronunciation, Phila., 1851, 12mo.
"That pliilosoj.hical talent and tact, so essential for investiga-
tions in n;itui;il s. ifiice. which he is well known eminently to
possess, he ttas ln-ii- ta-ought to bear on the elements of the Latiu
langu.age witti peculiar success." — itercf.rshurg Jteview, 18.52.
" His procedure is eminently original, and is precisely the ono
to lead to results that may be relied oa."—Meth. Quar. Btv., Oct.
1861.
5. Zoo-
4. Taylor's Statistics of Coal, 2d ed., 1855, Svo.
logical portion of Trego's Geography of Penna., 1843.
6. Zoological portion of Rupp's Hist, of Lancaster CO.,
Penn., 1844. 7. Monographe du genre Leptoxis; in
Chenu's Illustrations Conchyologiques, Paris, 1847. 8.
Cryptocephalinarnm Boreali America; Diagnoses cum spe-
ciebus novis; Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1849. 9. On
some points of Linguistic Ethnology, with Illust. chiefly
from the aboriginal languages of America; Amer. Acad.,
Bost,, 1849. 10. Zoology of the Invertebrate Animals, in
the Iconographie Encyc, N. York, 1S50. 11. Cons, to N.
York Lit. World, 1852-53. 12. Cons., about 80 papers, of
which a list is given in Agassiz's Bibliographia Zoologia;,
chiefly in natural sciences, in the publications of the Amer.
Sci. Assoc; Amer. Acad., Bost,; Amer. Phil. Soc. ; Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila. ; U. S. Agr. Soc. ; Silliman's Jour. ; Quar.
Jour, of Agr., Albany; and Penna. Farm Jour., of which
he edited vol. i.
Hale. Sin against the Holy Ghost, 1677, Svo.
Hale, Mrs. Poetical Attempts, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Hale, Ben.jamin, D.D., b. 1797, at Newburyport,
Mass., grad. at Bowdoin Coll., 1S18. 1. Introduc. to the
Mechanical Principles of Carpentry, Bost, 1827, Svo.
2. Scrip. Illust. of the Liturgy of the Prot. Epis. Church,
1835, 12mo.
Hale, Charles, b. 1831, in Boston, Mass., a son of
Nathan Hale, LL.D., grad. at Harvard Coll., Cambridge,
1850, author of several pamphlets; contributor to the N.
Amer. Rev., and the Amer. Almanac; in 1862 established
and edited To-Day, a Boston Literary Journal, which was
pub. for one year. Mr. H. is now junior editor of the
Boston Daily Advertiser, the oldest daily in Boston, having
been pub. and edited by Mr. H.'s father (the senior editor)
from March 1, 1814. to the present time, 1858.
Hale, David, 1791-1S49, a native of Lisbon, Conn.,
editor of the New Y^ork Journal of Commerce from its
commencement in 1827 until his death, was a vigorous
writer, and a man of great excellence of character. See
notices of his life and writings in tho Christian Examiner,
xlviii. 282, by A. P. Peabody; Liv. Age, xx. 373; N. Eng.,
Tiii. 129.
Hale, Edward Everett, a son of Nathan Hale,LL.D.,
b, 1822, in Boston, M,ass., grad. at Harvard Coll., Camb.,
1839 ; pastor of the Church of the Unity at Worcester, Mass.,
till 1866, and of tho South Congregational Church, Boston,
since that time. 1. The Rosary, Bost., 1848, 12mo, pp. 290.
2. Margaret Percival in America, 1850, 12mo, pp. 284. 3.
Sketches of Christian History, 1850, 12mo, pp. 230. 4.
Kansas and Nebraska, 1856, 12mo, pp. 256, and a map.
Editor of the Boston ed. of Lingard's Hist, of England, of tho
Christian Examiner, author of many pamphlets on theolog.
and polit. subjects, and contributor to many of the leading
Reviews.
Hale, Enoch, M.D., b. 1790, took tho degree of
M.D. at Harvard University, 1813, and entered imme-
diately upon the practice of medicine at Gardiner, Maine,
which he continued at that place with distinguished success
until the year 1816, and from that time to his death in
Boston, Nov. 12, 1814. He was an active member of tho
Massachusetts Medical Society and of the American Aca-
demy of Arts and Sciences, and during the active practice
of his protijssion he contributed to the cause of medical
science by several independent publications of high author-
HAL
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ity, and by frequent essays and papers in tlie medical
journals.
Hale, Horatio, a son of Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, gradu-
ated at Harvard College iu 1S37, where he was so highly
distinguished for his aptitude iu the acquisition of lan-
guages, that whilst still an undergraduate he was selected
to fill the post of philologist t<' the United States Exploring
Expedition commanded by CupUiin Willtes. The result
of his learned investigations will be found in vol. vii. —
Ethnography and Philology — of the series of works which
compose the history of that noble enterprise. Jlr. Hale's
intelligent labours have elicited warm commendation from
highly respectable authorities, both at home and abroad.
The distinguished English philologist, Dr. Latham, iu his
recent work on the Natural History and Varieties of Man,
remarks that Mr. Hale's work contains "tho greatest mass
of philological data ever accumulated by a single inquirer."
The following lines give perhaps as good an account of this
great work as could be conveyed in a brief description :
*■ The first 2'2d pages are devoted to Ethnography, or an account
of the customs, religion, civil polity, and origin of the cations of
the several countries and islauds visited by the Expedition. The
remaining 44U pages comprise the I'hjlulogy of the sauio regions.
The various dialects of I'olynesiu are treated of under the general
head of a comparntive grammar of I'olynesia, followed by a I'oly-
nesian lexicon. The languages of the Fejee Islands, the Kiugs-
mill-s Kotuma, Australia, and northwest coast of America, and
some dialects of Patagouia and youthern Africa, come next under
consideration. We feel assured that a glance at the work will ex-
cite surprise in all at the amount of information collected, and
pleasure at the system and perspicuity with which the whole is
presented." — Avier. Jour, of Scieiia:.
An interesting account of Mr. Hale and his work will be
found in the North American Review for July, 1846, to
which we must refer our reader. It is no slight praise to
award an author that he has
"Succeeded iu giving a certain classical completeness to his
work, wiiich makes it a model fnr future labourers in the s;ime or
in similar fields of research. The style of this volume is marked
by rare excellences, and those of the highest order. It is terse,
compact, and business-like, to a remarkable degree. ... It is a
transparent medium of expression for a richly-informed, clear-
thiukiug, sti-aight forward mind; it presents the meaning of the
writer strongly and directly to the mind of the reader, instructing
while it gratifies." — N. Amm: Rev.: ulii supra.
After the completion of this work Mr. Hale visited Eu-
rope and other portions of the Eastern Continent, and on
his return was admitted to the bar. He is now engaged
in the duties of his profession, but occasionally steals an
hour from his briefs to contribute a prize essay ou his
favourite theme to some periodical in this country or in
Great Britain.
Hale, John. Surgical Case, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Hale, Sir Matthew, 1H(J9-1676, one of the most
eminent ui lawyers and excellent of men. was a native of
Alderlcy, Gloucestershire, entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford,
1626, and admitted of Lincoln's Inn, 1629. He refused to
take any part in the political troubles of his time, though
strongly opposed to the murder of Charles I. In 1652 he
■was one of those appointed to efiect a reformation of the
law, and iu the next year was by writ made sergeant-at-law,
and one of the judges of the Common Bench. Upon the
Restoration, Charles II., in 1660. made him Chief-Bardu
of the Exchequer, and in 1671 he was promoted to the
high dignity of Lord Chief- Justice of England. Eor the
particulars respecting his life, and legal, theological, and
scientific publications, we refer to authorities cited below,
and also to a recent publication — Memoirs of the Life,
Character, and Writings of Sir M. Hale, by J. B. Williams,
Lon., 1835, 12mo.
"A volume which clearly and agreeably presents the legal rise
and progress of a great lawyer and worthy man. The book should
of necessity occupy a place in the lilaary-shelf devoted to British
worthies." — Lon. and Wxatminister Rev.
A collective ed. of his Moral and Religious Works, now
first Collected and Revised, edited by the Rev. T. Thirl-
wall, with the Life by Bishop Burnet, and an Appendix,
etc., Lon., 1S05, 2 vols. 8vo. A new ed. has been pub.
Among his best-known miscellaneous works are his Con-
templations, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, The
Knowledge of Christ Crucified, (new ed., by the Rev.
David Young, Glasg., 1828, 12mo,) and his Letters to his
Children. Several of his minor works have been sepa-
rately republished within the last few years. Of his law
treatises — one only of which. London Liberty, was pub. in
his lifetime — the following are the principal. 1. Jurisdic-
tion of Parliaments, Lon., 17'I7, 8vo. 2. The Jurisdiction
of the Lords' House of Parliament, by F. Hargrave, 1796,
4to. 3. Pleas of the Crown, 7th ed., 1773, 8vo. An in-
correct summary, and not intended by the author for the
press, but as a sketch or plan of the following work. 4.
Historia Placitorum Corona; ; the Hist, of the Pleas of the
Crown : fir^t pub., from the author's MS., by S. Emlyn,
1736-39, 2 vols, fol.; 2d ed., by (J. Wilson, 1778, 2 vols.
8vo; 3d ed., by Thos. Doghcrty, ISUO, 2 vols. Svo; 1st
Amer. ed., by W. A. Stokes and E. IngersoU, Phila., 1847,
2 vols. 8vo.
*'The following Treatise, being the genuine offspring of that
truly learned and worthy Judge, Sir Matthew Hale, stands in
need of no other recommendation than what that great and good
name will always carry along with it. Whoever is in the least
ac'iuainted with the extensive learning, the solid judgment, the
indefatigable labours, and, above all, the unshaken integrity, of
the author, cannot but highly esteem whatever comes from so
valuable a hand." — From Eiiilyii's Preface.
To the Pleas of the Crown should be added — And. Anos'a
Ruins of Time exemplified in Sir M. Hale's Hist, of the
Pleas of the Crown, 1856, Svo.
5. The Hist, of the Common Law of England, and an
Analysis of the Civil Part of the Law; 6th ed.. with a
Life of the Author, by Chas. Runningtou, 1820, Svo.
Serjeant Runuington's notes are of great value.
" So authuritzitive an History of the Common Law of England,
written by so learned an author, requires neither preface nor com-
mendation. It has ever been justly held in the highest estima-
tion, and, like the virtues of its author, been universally admired
and venerated. Here the student will find a valuable guide, the
barrister a learned assistant, the court an indisputable authority."
— Serjeant IIunnington.
6. Sheriffs' Accounts, The Trial of Witches, and Provi-
sion for the Poor. These three tracts were separately
pub. Sec Biog. Brit.; Granger's Biog. Hist.; Life by
Burnet; Life by Runnington ; Watt's Bibl. Brit; Life and
Letters of Judge Story ; Lowndes's Leg. Bibl., and the
authorities there cited.
There are few more illustrious names on the roll of
British history than that of Sir Matthew Hale:
" Sir Samuel Sheperd mentioned him as the most learned man
that ever adui ned the bench ; the most even man that ever blessed
domestic life; the most eminent man that ever adorned the pro-
gress of science; and also one of the best and most purely reli-
gious men that ever lived. . . . Lord Northington pronounced
him one of the ablest and most learned judges that ever adorned
the profession. Mr. Justice Grose declared he was one of the most
able lawyers that ever sat in Westminster; as correct, as learned,
and as humane a judge as ever graced the bench of justice. Lord
Keoyon said that the operations of his vast mind always called
for the greatest attention to any work that bears his name; • . . .
and mentioned him as one of the greatest and best men that ever
sat in judgment."'
" With respect to Lord Hale, it is needless to remind those whom
I am nuw addressing, of the general character for learning and
legal knowledge, of that person, of whom it was said, that what was
not known by him was not known by any other person who pre-
ceded or followed him; and that what he knew, he knew better
than any other person who preceded or followed him." — Chief-
Justice Dallas.
"A luminous order in the distribution of subjects, an uncom-
monness of materials for curious records and manuscripts, a pro-
foundness of remark, a command of perspicuous and forcible
language, with a guarded reserve iu offering opinions on great
controverted points of law and the constitution, characterized the
writings of Judge Hale."— //-(c^rares Tracts, Pref.
Having offered the opinions of so many legal luminaries
in evidence, we may now be permitted to adduce the testi-
mony of two distinguished divines:
'• His writings have raised him a character equal to his greatest
predecessors, and will always be esteemed as coutaiuing the best
rationale of the grounds of the law of England. Nor was he an
inconsiderable master of polite, philosophical, and especially theo-
logical, learning." — De. Birch : Lif- of Archbishop TiUoisou.
■' He was most precisely just; insomuch that I believe he would
have lost all he had in the world rather than do an unjust act:
p:itient in hearing the most tedious speech which any man had to
make for himself; the pillar of justice, the refuge of the subject
who feared oppression, and one of the greatest honours of his
majesty's government; for. with some other upright judges, he
upheld the honour of the English nation, that it fell not into the
reproach of arbitrariness, cruelty, and utter confusion. Every
man that had a just cause was almost past fear if he could but
bring it to the court or assize where he was judge ; for the other
judges seldom contradicted him. . . . T, who begird and read his
serious expressions of the concernments of eternity, and saw his
love to all good men, and the blamelessness of his life, thought
better of his piety than my own." — Richard Baxter.
This is indeed a noble tribute from a noble source.
The glowing eulogium of Cowper must not be entirely
unnoticed :
" In whom
Our British Themis gloried with just cause,
Immortal Hale! for deep discernment praised.
And sound integrity, not mure than tamed
For sanctity of manners undefiled."
The Tasl; book iii.
And here we might enlarge, did our space permit, upon
the distinguishing traits of the piety of this truly excel-
lent man: — his reverence for the Word of God; his strict
observance of the day more especially set apart for the
public worship of the Supreme Being ; his conscieutious-
757
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ness in carrying out in every-daj fiffairs the spirit of tbnse '
Resolves, which, he adopted as the Law of his Life ; — but
the secret spring of his piety is best told by himself in a
few words of solid wisdom and certain truth, which we
cannot too earnestly commend to the heart and conscience i
of the thoughtful reader: j
" Any man that sincerely and truly fears Almi-^hty God, and [
calls and relies upon him f)i-his direction, has it as really as a Bon '
has the counsel and direction of his father; and tbnusli the voice
be not audible nor discernible by sense, yet it is equally as real as
if a man heard a voice saying, 'This is the way, walk ye in it.' "
Hale, Nathan, LL.D., b. 17S4, at AVcstbampton,
Mass., grad. at Williams College, 1804; admitted to the
Massachusetts Bar. 1810 ; editor of the Boston Weekly
Messenger, 1811-14; editor and publisher of the Boston
Daily Advertiser, (the first daily established in Boston,)
1814 to the present time, 1S5S ; editor and publisher of
the Monthly Chronicle, 1840-42. Mr. H.'s name is well
known in connexion with his Map of New England, a
standard geographical authority, first pub. in 1825, and
reprinted from time to time with the necessary revisions.
In 1816 Mr. Hale was married to Sarah Preston Everett,
a daughter of Judge Oliver Everett, of Dorchester, Mass.,
and sister of Edward Everett, the distinguished American
orator, scholar, and statesman. Mr. Hale was a contri-
butor to many of the early numbers of the North Ame-
rican Review, and has fur the last furty-two years contri-
buted many valuable articles to the Boston Daily Advertiser
on questions of polities, political economy, and internal
improvements. Ac. Nathan Hale was among the first to
make known in this country the importance of the great
railroad-improvement, and earnestly urged its immediate
introduction into Massachusetts by effective legislative aid.
He was the acting President of the Massachusetts Board
of Internal Improvement, under whose superintendence the
first surveys were made for a system of railroads for the
State; and he was the first President of the Boston and
Worcester Railroad, one of the pioneer works of that kind,
in which office he took an active part iu the original con-
struction and extended improvements of that work and its
branches, and in digesting its system of operations. As a
member (repeatedly elected) of both branches of the Legis-
lature of Massachusetts. Mr. Hale has rendered important
service to his constituents. Ue was also chairman of the
Board of Commissioners by whose labours the people of
Boston are supplied with pure water; and few men have
contributed more largely to the physical wealth of Massa-
chusetts, and to the improvement of the city which claims
him as one of the most valuable of her ad<ipted sons.
Hale, Nathan, Jr., son of the above, b. in Boston,
1818, grad. at Harvard University, 1838; admitted to
practice in the courts of Mass., 1841; editor of Boston
Miscellany of Literature, 1842; co-editor of Boston Daily
Advertiser, 1842-53.
Hale, Philip, of Hatcham, Surrey. Serm., Lon.,
1847, Svo.
Hale, Richard, M.D. Profess, con. to Phil. Trans.,
1701, '20.
Hale, Salma, Member of Congress for New Hamp-
shire. 1. Hist, of the United States, Lon., 1826, Svo. See
Lon. Month. Rev., cix. 123. 2. Annals of the Town of
Keene, N. H., 1736-90, Concord, 1826, 8vo. New ed.,
with a continuation to 1S15, Keene, 1851, Svo. 3. Hist,
of the U. States for Schools, N. York, 1840, 2 vols. 24mo.
" As far as we have observed, Mr. Hale has executed his task
with fidelity and skill. The materials appear to be drawn from
authentic sources, and the simple and lucid style places the book
within the comprehension of all classes of readers. But the
principle of arrant^ement Is a faulty one; for the history of each
colony stands by itself, being carried on without interruption from
its orif^iu to the war of 1756." — A'. Ante): Bev., liii. 249.
Hale, Mrs, Sarah Josepha, formerly Miss Biiell,
of Newport, New Hampshire, is the widow of David Hale,
a distinguished lawyer, who died at an early age in 1S22.
In 1828 Mrs. Hale became the editor of The Ladies' Maga-
zine, pub. at Boston, and discharged the duties of this
responsible position until 1837, when this periodical was
united with the Lady's Book of Philadelphia. With this
well-known and truly popular magazine Mrs. Hale has
ever since been connected, and since 1838 she has been a
resident of Phila. The following list of this lady*s pro-
ductions evinces an extraordinary amount of literary
industry; 1. The Genius of Oblivion, and other Original
Poems, Concord, 1823. 2. Northwood; a Novel, Bost.,
1827, 2 vols. Repuh. in London ; also in N. York, iu 1862,
12mo. 3. Sketches of American Character, Phila., 18mo.
4. Traits of American Life, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. 5. Flora's
Interpreter, Bost. Reprinted in London. 6. The Ladies'
Wreath. Boat., 12mo. 7. The Way to Live Well and to be
7S3
Well while we Live. 8. Grosvcnor; a Tragedy, 1S33.
U. Alice Rny; a Romance in Rhyme, 1846, IU. Harry
Guy, the Widow's Son; in verse, Bost., 1848, 11. Throe
Hours; or, The Vigil of Love, and other Poems, Phila.,
1S4-S. 12. The Poet's Offering; edited by Mrs. Hale,
Phila. 13. Miss Acton's Cookery; edited by Mrs. Hale.
14. Ladies* New Book of Cookery and Complete House-
keeper. New ed., N. York, 1852, 12mo. 15. A Complete
Dictionary of Poetical Quotations, Phila., 1852, Svo.
^G. The Judge; a Drama of American Life. 17. New
Household Receipt-Book, 1853, 12mo. 18. Woman's Re-
cord; or, Sketches of Distinguished Women from "the
Beginning till a.d. 1850," N. York, 1853, Svo. New ed.,
1856. This work, by far the most important of Mrs.
Hale's productions, though in some points open to criti-
cism, may yet be justly commended as an invaluable
manual for the library -shelf and the parlour-table. 19. Li-
beria, or Mr. Peyton's Experiments; edited by Mrs. Hale,
1853, 12mo. 20. The Bible Reading-Book, Phila., 1854,
12mo. 21. The Letters of Mme. de Sevigne to her
Daughter and Friends, N. York, 1856, 12mo. The merits
of this charming writer have elicited the enthusiastic
commendations of the highest authorities:
"Madame de SeTi-^n6 shines both in grief and gayety; every
para;;rapb has novelty; her allusions, her applications, are tho
happiest possible. She has the art of making you acquainted with
all her acquaintance, and attaches you even to the spots she in-
habited. . . . Madame de Sevi^xne's language is correct, though
unstudied; and when her mind is full of any great event, she
interests you with the warmth of a dramatic writer, not with tha
chilling impartiality of an historian." — IlnRAf-E Walpole.
'■She has so tilled my heart with affectionate interest in her as
a living friend, that I can scarcely bring myself to think of her as
being a writer, or having a style; she has become a celebrated
probably an immortal, writer, without expecting it." — Sm J. Mack-
intosh.
22. The Letters of Lady Mary W. Montagu, 1856, 12mo.
In addition to the labours here enumerated, Mrs. Ualo
has edited several Annuals, — The Opal, The Crocus, Ac, —
prepared a number of books for the young, and contributed
enough matter, in the way of tales, essays, and poems, to
fill several large volumes. It is certainly high praise ac-
corded to this lady, in a review of her poetry, by a critic
of her own sex :
'■A religious spirit breathes through the whole. It is plain that
Mrs. Hale's constant aim is to show the true source of strength
and cheeifulufss amid the trials of life, and to inspire the hope
that looks beyond it." — Mrs. E. F. Ellet : jV. Amcr. Jiei\, IsTiii. i-22.
For critical reviews of her productions we refer the
reader to Griswold's Female Poets of America; Amer.
Month. Rev., iv. 239; Phila. Lady's Book, 1850; an article
by Mrs. E. F. Ellet, entitled Female Poets of America, in
N. Amer. Rev., Ixviii. 413-436. We append a short extract
from the first of the above-named authorities :
"Mrs. Hale has a ready command of pure and idiomatic Eng-
lish, and her style has frequently a masculine strength and energy.
She has not much creative power, but she excels in the aggi-ega-
tion and artistical disposition of cnnimou and appropriate imagery.
She has evidently been all her life a student; and there has t>eea
a perceptible and constant improvement in her writings ever since
her first appearance as an author. . . . They are all indicative of
sound principles, and of kindness, knowledge, and judgment."—
Griswokl's Fanale. I\xts o/ America.
Hale, Thomas. Shipbuilding, etc., Lon., 1691, 18mo,
Hale, Thomas. 1. A Compleat Body of Husbandry,
Lon., 1756, fol. 2. Eden; or, Compleat Body of Garden-
ing, 1757, fol.
Hale, Wm. Treatises on the Poor, Female Peni-
tentiaries, <tc., Lon., 1804, '09, 12mo.
Hale, Wm., Archdeacon of London. 1. Clerical
Funds, Lon., 1826, Svo. 2. Church Rates, 1841, r. Svo.
3. Precedents in Eccles. Cts., 1847, r. 8vo. 4. Sick Man's
Guide, 2d ed., 1846, Svo. 5. In conjunction with Bp.
Lonsdale, The Four Gospels, with Annotations, 1849, 4to.
Halc8, Charles. Two treat, on the V. Disease,
1763, '70.
Hales, Charles. 1. The Bank Mirror, 1796, Svo.
2. Finances of this Country, 1797, Svo.
Hales, James. 24 Serms., 1766, 2 vols. Svo.
Hales, or Hayles, John, an eminent scholar, d.
1572. 1. Trans, of Plutarche on Healthe, Lon., 1543,
16mo. 2. Introduc. ad Grammat. 3. High Way to No-
bility, 4to. 4. Succession of the Crown of Eng., 1563, 4to.
In favour of the House of Suffolk. It was answered by
Bp. Lesley in A Treat, of the Honour of Marie, now
Queene of Scotland, Leige, 1571, Svo.
"Yet so it was that he [HalesJ having a happy memory, accom-
panied with incredible industry, became admirably well skill'd iu
the Lat., fJreek. and Hebrew tongues, and at length in the muni-
cipal laws and antiquities." — Atlien. Oxnn.
Hales, John, The Ever-Memorable, 1584-1656,
a famous scholar and divine, a native of Bath, was entered
HAL
HAL
of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., 1697; elected Fellow of Mer-
ton College, 1606; Fellow of Eton College, 1613; attended
the Synod of Dort in 1618, and there became a convert to
Armiuianism through the argument of Episcopius ; Canon
of Windsor, 1639 ; ejected in the Rebellion. His writings
principally consist of sermons, theological tracts, para-
phrases of portions of Scripture, and letters. He was so
modest that during his lifetime he permitted nothing of
his to be published save an oration delivered at the funeral
of Sir Thomas Bodley, a treatise upon schism, and one or
two sermons. Three years after bis death a collective ed.
of many of his pieces was pub., under the title of Golden
Remaines, Lon., 1659, 8vo; 1673, 4to; 1688, 8vo. The 1st
ed. coDt4iius nine sermons, letters and miscellanies. The 2d
ed. was enlarged by the addition of four more sermons.
In 1765 Lord Hailes pub. Hales's Whole Works, now first
collected together, 3 vols. sm. 8vo. With a want of taste
which we are at a loss to understand in so eminent an
antiquary, Lord Hailes committed the gross error of
modernizing his author's language. For this he is pro-
perly censured by Dr. Johnson :
"An author's language. Sir, is a characteristic part of his compo-
sition, and is also characteristic of the age iu which he writes.
Besides, Sir, when the language is changed, we are not sure that
the sense is the same. No. Sir; I am sorry Lord Hailes has done
this." — BosweWs Life of Johnson.
We have already expressed our views upon this subject
in our article on Chaucer : see p. 364. Respecting the
works of Hales, an authority of eminence remarks:
"Their merits are unequal. The best seem to be his discourse
on Schism, that on the abuse of hard places of Scripture, and his
letters to Sir Dudley Carleton. from the Synod of Dort, in which
he gives a good account of that far-famed convention. Ue was
evidently a man superior to many of the prejudices of his age; but
if the reader's expectations are raised very greatly by his bi^h-
sounding title and the testimonies referred to, he will prnlialily
be disappointed even by his Golden Remains."— Or/ztf's Bibl. Bib.
But surely it does not follow that all of a man's wisdom
finds its way into his books. As regards the comprehen-
siveness and accuracy of his learning, we have the most
abundant testimony. Lord Clarendon, Lord Say and
Seal, Bishop Pearson, Dr. Heylin, Andrew Marvel, An-
thony a Wood, Bishop Stillingfleet, and Bishop Hoadley,
— '* the testimonies" referred to by Orme, — were not men
to err in a matter of this kind.
"A man of as great a sharpness, quickness, and subtility of wit,
as ever this or perhaps any nation bred. His industry did strive,
if it were possible, to equal the largeness of his capacity, whereby
he became as great a master of polite, various, and universal learn-
ing, as ever yet conversed with books. . . . While he lived, none
was ever more solicited and urged to write, and thereliy truly
teach the world, than he; but none was ever so resolved, pardon
the expression, so obstinate, against it." — Bishop Pearson.
"Thro' the whole course of his bachelorship there was never any
one in the then memory of man (so I have been informed by cer-
tain seniors of that coll. at my first coming thereunto) that ever
went beyond him for subtle disputations in philosophy, for his
eloquent declamations and orations, as also his exact knowledge
in the Greek tongue, evidently demonstrated afterwards, not only
when he read the Greek lecture in that coll., but also the public
lecture of that tongue in the schools. ... lie was a man highly
esteemed by learned men beyond and within the seas, from whom
he seldom fail'd to receive letters every week, wherein his judg-
ment was desir'd as to several points of learning." — Alhen. Oxon.
" He had read more and carried more about him, in his excellent
memory, than any man I ever knew; he was one of the least men
in the kingdom, and one of the greatest scholars in Europe." — Lord
Clarenpon.
His lordship tells us that " nothing troubled him more
than the brawls which were grown from religion ;'* and Mr.
Bickersteth supposes that he " would perhaps have given
up too much for peace, having seen the evil of division."
In this surmise there is but little doubt that Mr. Bicker-
steth is correct, for a late eminent authority, referring to
Hale's tract on Schism, remarks :
** The aim of Hales, as well as of Grotius, Calixtus, and Chilling-
worth, was to bring about a more comprehensive communion; but
he went still farther; his langua^re is rough and audaci.jus; his
theology in some of his other writings has a ecent of Kacow. and
though these crept slowly to light, there was enough in the earliest
to make us wonder at the high name, the epithet Ever-memorable,
which he obtained in the English church:*— HaUam's Lit. Hist, of
Notwithstanding the grave nature of his studies, the
Ever-Memorable sometimes wooed the Muses; and a
critic of the day has given him a place (if he indeed refers
to our Hales) in his curious and amusing portrait-gallery :
" Hales, set by himself, most gravely did smile
To see them about nothing keep such a coil;
Apollo had spied him. but, knowing his mind.
Past by, and called Falkland that sat just behind."
A'(> John A'^iickling's ^Sl:■SS^,f>n of the Ftids.
See Gen, Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lett, by Eminent Persons;
Account of the Life and Writings of John Hales, 1719, 8vo.
Hales, Stephen, D.D., 1677-1761, a natural philoso-
pher of great eminence, a native of Beckesbourn, Kent,
was eilucated at Bene't Coll., Oxf., took holy orders, and
was advanced successively to the perpetual curacy of Ted-
dington, and to the livings of Portlock and Farringdon.
He was especially distinguished for his experiments on the
physiology of plants. His principal works were — 1. Vege-
table Staticks, Lon., 1727, '31, 8vo. 2. Statical Essays:
this consists of No. 1 (vol. i, of the Essays) and a vol. "en-
titled Hajmastatics, pub. in 1733, (fee, 1769, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hales also pub, several serms., philosophical experiments,
papers on Phil. Trans., &c. He is to be remembered with
great respect as an early advocate of the great cause of
Temperance. His Friendly Admonition to the Drinkers
of Gin, first pub. in 173-i, Svo, has been frequently reprinted,
and doubtless accomplished much good. See Masters'a
Hist, of C. C. C. C. ; Annual Register, 1764; Rees's Cyc. ;
Gent. Mag., vol. Ixix. ; Butler's Life of Hildesley, p. 362;
Lysons's Environs.
Hales, Win., D.D., Rector of Killesandra, Ireland,
pub. a number of learned works on mathematics, nat. phi-
los., and theology, 177S-1819, among which are — 1. Pro-
phecies resp. our Lord, 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo. Hit'hly
commended. 2. A New Analysis of Chronology, 1809-14,
3 vols in 1, 4to, £8 8s.; 2d and best ed., 1830, 4 vols. Svo,
£3 3s.
'• This is perhaps the most valuable chronological work that has
ever been published. Possessed of the caution of Newton, and the
learning of Usher, Dr. Uales proceeds on better data than either
of these distinguished chronologists; and pours a flood of light
on some of the darkest and most difficult points in sacred and
profane history. ... Dr. Adam Clarke, who makes a very liberal
use of the work in his Commentary, bestows on it the highest
commendation." — Omm's Bibl. Bib.
" Not only js it the most elaborate svstem of chronology in our
language, but there is scarcely a difficult text in the sacred writings
which is not illustrated. . . . Ills New Analysis ought to have a
place iu the library of every biblical student who can procure it."
—Home's Bibl. Bib.
" Vast learning and research; though the system of Chronolog:y
adopted has been much <iaestioned, and assumptions without
proof are made:'—Bich-crstHh's C'hris. Slu.
3. The Holy Trinity, &c., 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. Svo.
4. Primitive Brit. Church, 1819, Svo. See Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
Haley, John, Jr. Chronometers; Nic. Jour., 1804.
Haley, Win. Serm., 1686, 4to.
Halford, Sir Henry, M.D.. 1766-1844, whose family
name was Vaughan, was physician to four successive sove-
reigns, viz. : Geo. IIL, Geo. IV., Wm. IV., and Victoria.
He was Pres. of the Royal Coll. of Physicians from 1820
until his death. In 1831 he pub. a collective ed. of his (1)
Essays and Orations, Svo; 3d ed., 1842.
"A delightful compounder professional knowledge and literary
taste. Handled with skill and feeling such as his. subjects of
medical research have not only nothing dry or repulsive about
them, but are of deep and universal interest and attraction." —
Lon. Quar. h'ev.
"Though treating of subjects principally medical yet, they will
be found for the most part acceptable to the general reader." —
Lon. Mimth. Btv.
2. NugiB Metricae : Latin Poems and Translations, 1842,
12mo. Some of Sir Henry's Latin compositions were con-
tributed to the Gentleman's Magazine. See Pettigrew's
Medicftl Portrait Gallery; Lon. Gent. Mag. for May, 1844.
Halfpenny, Joseph. 1. Gothic Ornaments in the
Cathedral of York, 1795, imp. 4to. 2. Fragmenta Vetusta,
1807, imp. 4to.
Halfpenny, Wm. 1. Marrow of Architecture, 1722,
'29, 4tu. 2. Sound Building, Lon., 1725, fol.
Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey, M. P., 1751-1830,
equally conspicuous as a profound Orientalist, and as the
dupe of Richard Brothers, the pretended prophet, pub.
1. Narrative of Events in Bombay and Bengal, 1779, Svo.
2. Imitations of Martial, 1793-94. 3. Several tracts in
vindication of the claims of his teacher, R. Brothers, 1795 ;
and the following works, which are of real value : 4. Gram-
mar of the Bengal Language, 1778. 5. A Code of Gentoo
Laws, trans, from the Persian, 1776.
"A curious and entertaining volume."— Zoti. Amiital Register.
"With the single exception of the Scriptures, this code of Gentoo
Laws is the most valuable present which Europe ever received from
Asia." — Butler's H<yr. Bib.
A biography of Mr. Halhed will be found in Gent. Mag.,
May. 1830.
Halibnrton. Observations upon the Importance of
the N. Amer. Colonies to G. Brit, Halifax, 1825, Svo. See
Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii. 410 ; Lon. Month. Rev., Aug. 1827,
564.
Halibnrton, Thomas Chandler, long a Judge of
Nova Scotia, popularly known as Sam Slick, contributed,
iu 1835, to a weekly paperof Nova Scotia, a series of letters
professing to depict the peculiarities of Yankee character.
759
HAL
These stetches were received witli so much favour that in
1837 they were collected iuto a vol. entitled The Chiikmakcr;
or, the Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickvillc.
A Second Series appeared in 1838, and a third in 1840.
In 1842 the writer vi.sited England as an mfnchf of the
American Legation, and in the ne.\t year embodied the
results of his observations on English Society in his amus-
ing work. The Attache j or, Sam Slick in England, 2 vols,
p. 8vo. Second Series, 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo. New ed.,
1846, 4 vols. p. Svo. Reprinted. 1849. Judge Haliburton
has also given to the world An Hist, and Statist. Account
of Nova Scotia, 1828, 2 vols. p. Svo; repub. 1839; see N.
Amer. Rev., xxx. 121; Bubbles of Canada, 1839, p. Svo;
The Old Judge, or. Life in a Colony ; Letter-Bag of the
Great Western, 1839, p. Svo; Rule and Misrule of the
English in America, 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo; Yankee Stories,
1S52, 12mo; Traits of American Humoui-, 1852, 3 vols. p.
Svo; Nature and Human Nature, 1855; new ed., 1858.
IIow far he has suceeeiled in the attempt at depicting
Yankee manners and customs is a matter of debate. An
eminent authority, well qualified to give an opinion upon
the subject, decides against Slick's pretensions as a
painter;
"On this point we spe.ik with some confidence. We can distin-
guish the real from the counteitl'it Yaukee, at the first sound of
the voice, and by the turn of a sint^le sentence; and we h.ave no
hesitatiOD in declaiiog that Sam Slick is not what he pretends to
be; that there is no organic life in him; that he is an impostor, an
impossit>ility, a nonentity. A writer of genius, even if he write
from imperfect knowledge, will, as it were, breathe the bi-eath of
life into his creations. Sam .Slick is an awkward .ind highly in-
felicitous attempt to make a character, by heaping together, with-
out discrimination, selection, arrangement, or taste, every vulgarity
that a vulgar imagination can conceive, and every knavery that a
man blinded by national and political prejudice "can charge upon
neighbours whom he dislikes." — Prof. C. C. Felxon; y.Amer.Jit:v.,
Iviii. 212.
*' He deserves to be entered on our list of friends containing the
names of Tristram Shandy, the Shepherd of the Koclc^ Ambros-i-
a?j(E, and other rhapsodical discoursers on time and change, who,
besides the delights of their discourse, possess also the charm of
individuality. Apart from all the worth of Sam. Slick's revela-
tions, the man is precious to us as a queer ci-eature — knowing,
impudent, sensible, sagacious, vulgar, yet not without a certain
tact; aud overllowing with a humour as peculiar in its way as the
humours of Andrew Fairserviee or a Protestant Miss Miggs, (that
impersonation of shrewish fem.ale service !)" — Lon. AUnina>um.
''Origiual and pithy, it is always refreshing to fall in with this
inimitable story-feller. His mixture of sound sense with genuiue
humour, his fund of information and peculiar way of puttiug it
on record, his fun and his force, — the fun being part aud portion
of that force, — are at the same time qualities so eufei-taiuiug and
instructive, that we know not iu the end whether to be betb^r
pleased with the intelligence we have acquired or the amusement
we have received. " — Lon. Literary Gazette.
See also Eraser's M;ig., xxxv. 141, 308, 429; xxxvi. 76,
204, 324, 447, 576; and New Haven Church Review, iv.
523.
Halifax, Earl of. See Montague, Chakles.
Halifax, Marquis of. See Savile, GEoncE.
Halifax, Charles. Constable's Guide, 1791, Svo.
Halil'ax, Rev. Win. 1. Answer to a Letter, Lon.,
171)1. 2. Account of Tadmor or Palmyra, in Syria, Phil.
Trans.. 1695.
Halifax. See Hai,lifax.
Halkerston, Peter. 1. Decisions of the Lords of
Council, Ac, Edin., 1820, fol. 2. Latin Maxims, Ac., 1823,
Svo. 3. Law of .Scot. rel. to Marrhages, 1827, Svo. 4. Act
of Pari.. 6 Geo. IV., cap. 120, 1827, Svo. 6. Trans., Ac.
Terms, Ac. in Erskine's Institute, 2d ed., 1829, 12mo.
6. Law and Sanctuary of Holyrood, 1831, Svo.
Halket, Lady Anne, 11)22-1099, a daughter of Ro-
bert Murray, was a native of London. She left 21 vols, in
folio and quarto, principally on religious subjects. From
these a vol. of Meditations was pub., Edin., 1702, 4to.
" She was a per.son of great knowledge, having searched for it as
for hidden treasure, especially in these inexhaustible mines of the
divine oracles, where the most excellent wisdom is found." — Bal-
Ulrd^s British Ladies.
Halket, John. 1. Selkirk's Settlement at Kildonan,
Lon., 1S17, Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 88.
2. Indians of N. America, 1825, Svo. See N. Amer. Rev.,
xxii. 108.
Hall and Sellers. Laws of Penna., Phil.a., 1775, fol.
Hall, C'apt. Rattlesnake Poison, Phil. Trans., 1727.
Hall, C'apt. 1. Hist, of the Civil War in America,
vol. i.. Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Songs, Ac, 2d ed., 1815, 12mo.
Hall, Rev. Mr. Cardphiying, Lon., 1750, Svo.
Hall, Miss A. 1. Literary Reader for High Schools
and Academics, Bost., 1850. 2. Miinual of Jlorals.
Hall, A. Oakey,of New York. 1. The Manhattaner
in New Orleiins ; or. Phages of " Crescent City" Life, N.
York, 1850, 12mo. 2. Old Whitey's Christmas Trot, 1857.
HAM
Hall, A, W. Female Confessions; a Nov., 1809. 2vol.i.
Hall, Mrs. Anna Maria. See Hall, Mrs. Samuel
Carter.
. Hall, Anthony, D.D., 1679-1723, Fellow of Queen's
I Coll., Oxf , and Rector of Hampton Poyle. 1. Lelaud de
Scriptoribus, Oxf, 1709, 2 vols. Svo. Very erroneously
i printed. 2. N. Triveti Annales, 1719, Svo. He also com-
pleted and pub. Hudson's ed. of Josephus, aud drew up
the account of Berkshire from the Magna Britannia.
Hall, Archibald. Two Discourses, 1777, Svo. 2. The
Gospel Church, 1795, Svo.
"Shows the arguments for Pi-esbyferianism. Jamieson's Sum
of Episcopal Controversy m.iy be read on the same side. The
arguments for Independency may be sufficiently seen in the works
of Dr. Owen." — Bidccrstciti's C. .S".
Hall, Arthur. A Letter rel. to a Quarrel, Ac, Lon.,
1579-80, 4t.i. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., p. 1.
Hall, Arthur, M.P. for Grantham. Ten Books of
Homer's Illiades; trans, from a metrical French version
into English, Lon., 1581, 4to. Sec W.att's Bibl. Brit.; Hall,
or Hill, Arthur, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 954.
Hall, Rev. B. R., of New York, for twenty-eight
years p,ast an eminent instructor of youth. 1. The New
Purchase; or. Life in the Far West, N.York, 1813, 12mo;
new ed., 1855, 12mo. 2. Something for Every Body. 3.
Teaching a Science; The Teacher an Artist, 1852. Highly
commended. 4. Frank Freeman's Barber Shop, 1852.
Hall, Capt. Basil, R. N., 1788-1844, a native of
Edinburgh, a son of Sir James H.all, fourth baronet of
Dunglass, was a popular writer of books of voyages and
travels. In 1802, in his fourteenth year, he entered the
Royal Navy, and was subsequently in active service in
many parts of the globe. For some time before his death
he was deprived of the use of his reason, and he died in
confinement. For further information respecting Capt.
Hall we must refer the reader to his Fragments of Voyages
and Travels, and to vol. v. of the new ed. (1855) of Cham-
bers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen.
1. Voyage to the West Coast of Corea and the Great Loo-
Choo Island, Lon., 1818, 4to. Narrative part subsequently
pub. separately, p. Svo, and Loo-Choo, med. Svo. This
work includes a vocabulary of the Loo-Choo language,
compiled by Lieut. Clifl'ord.
"A work not less valuable for its maritime geogr.aphyand science
than for the pleasing interest which it excites on beh.ilf of the na-
tives of Loo-Choo, and the favourable impression it leaves of Captain
Uall, his officers and seamen." — .'ylervnstm's Voyages and Travels.
Also favourably reviewed by Lord JeflVey in the Edin.
Rev., xxix. 476-497, and by jared Sparks in the North
Amer. Rev., xxvi. 514-538 : see also Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii.
308 ; Lon. Month. Rev., exxv. 69 ; cxxvii. 592 ; cxxxiv. 143 ;
Fraser's Mag., viii. 593. 2. Occasional Poems aud Mis-
cellanies, 12mo. 3. Extracts from a Journal written on
the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in 1820-22, 1824,
2 vols. p. Svo; 1848, r. Svo. See Edin. Rev., xh 31-43.
4. Travels in North America in 1827-28, 3 vols. p. Svo,
1829.
*• This work will do consider.able mischief not in America, but
in Engbiud. It will furnish food to the appetite for detr.'iction
which reiLius there towards this country. It will put a word iu
the mouths of those who vilify because they hate and hate because
they fear us." — Edward Everett: N. Amer. liex\, xxix. 522-574.
The London Quarterly Reviewer is of quite a different
opinion :
" His book may veiy prob.ably do good in America; we hope it
will — but we are quite sure it must do so here." See vol. xli. 417-
447.
"Captain HaU's work, amidst much striking talent and many
just and profound observatious. is too much tinctuied by his ai^
dent and enthusiastic fancy to form a safe guide on the many de-
bated subjects of national institutions." — America, No.L: Btack-
wuod^s Mag., xxxiv. 2SS.
See also Westm. Rev., xi. 416 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxvii.
503. 5. Forty Etchings from Sketches made with the
Camera Lucida in North America in 1827-28, r. 4to. 1829.
6. Fragments of Voyages and Travels, 1st series, 1831, 3
vols. 12mo; 2d series, 1832, 3 vols. 12mo; 3d series, new
eds., 1840, '46, '60, all in r. Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev.,
xlvii. 133-169; Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1831, 59-79.
7. Schloss ILainfield ; or, A Winter in Lower Styria, 1836,
p. Svo. 8. Spain and the Seat of War in Spain, 1837, p.
Svo. 9. In conjunction with Ellis and Pringle, Voyages
and Travels, 1S40, r. Svo. 10. Travels in South America,
1841, r. Svo. 11. Patchwork; Travels in Stories, Ac,
1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1841, 3 vols. ISmo and in 1
vol 12mo.
'■ Few writers lay themselves more open to quizzing : few can
prose and bore more successfull.v tb.in he now and tlien does; but
the Captain's merit is real and great. . . . Captain Basil Hall im
parts a freshness to whatever spot he touches, and carries the
readerwith untiring good-humourcheerilyalong with him. Turn
where we will we have posies of variegated ffowers pre;^eutod to us,
HAL
Bnil we are sure to find in cvc-ry one of tliom, whether sombre or
<'-iv !i snriii nf Basil." — Lon. Qitar. Rev.
•'Wit is not to be measured, lilie broadcloth, by the yard Easy
wrilins, as the adage says, and as we all know, is apt to be very
1 ■ nl rekdinff. This brings to our recollection a conversation, in
ll'ie presence of Captain Basil Hall, in which some allusion having
1 oeu made to the astounding amount of Scotfs daily composi ion,
he literary argonaut remarked, 'There was nothing astonishing
., aU that and that he did as much himself nearly every day
lieforo breakfast.' Some one of the company unkindly asked
• whether he thought the qtmUty was the same.' It is tlie quality,
u Soubtedlv. whi?h makes the difference."-WM. H. Peescott:
K ^mi■r ii'ev, xlv. U. and in his Miscellanies; and see Capt.
Hall's own comparison between his rapidity of composition and
tliat of Sir Walter, in Lockhart's Life of Scott.
Hall, Benjamin. History of Eastern Vermont from
its Earliest SettlemcBt to the Close of the Eightceuth Cen-
tury, N. York, ISoS, 8vo, pp. 799. , „ .
"The author sustains himself throughout with unflagging spirit,
and his book will be read with unwearying interest. —A. f. l-EA-
EOI'V D D. : -V. Amir. Hev., July, 1S68. '281.
Hall, Charles. Scrms., 1756, '60 ., ^ , .
Hall, Charles, M.U. 1. Medical Family Instructor,
Phrcwsh., 1785. 8vo. 2. Etfects of Civilization on the
People in the European States, 1S05, 8vo.
Hall, Charles. Con. to Med. Com., vi. 71.
Hall, Charles Henry. 1. Serms. at Bampton Lect.,
Lon., 1789. .Svo. 2. Scrm., 1895, Un.
Hall, Miss E. M. The American Lady's Practical
Cookery and Domestic Economy, N.Y., 1856, 12mo.
Hall, Edmund. Serms., 165.3, '64. Other works.
Hall, Edward, H99?-1547, an English lawyer .ind
iud<'e in the Sheriff's Court, is known to posterity by his
Chronicle, already noticed in our article on Richard (rral-
tou His work is entitled The Vnion of the two noble and
illustrate Famclics of Lancastre and York. Lon., 1548. tol
This is supposed to be the first edition, but it is alleged
there is one bearing date 1 542. Respecting this question
see authorities referred to below. This work was continued
only to 15S2. Hall left the continuation m MS., and
Grafton completed it and printed it in 1550, fol. In lo5o
it was prohibited by proclamation. Reprinted, 18US), z
vols. 4to. We have already referred to Bishop Nieolson s
opinion of this work : ,. ;, v i,
"He wrote a large account of the fore-mentioned wars, which,
in a very flattering epistle, he dedicated to Henry VIII. If the
reader desires to know what sort of deaths were worn in each
Wuff's reign, and how the fashions altered, this is an his or»n
for his purpose; hut in other matters his information is not very
valuable."— £«!/. Hist. Lib.
But Hearne disputes this: ^..t^-c.^^
"All the copies I have vet seen or heard of are dedicated to taw.
VI and the dedication is f;«r from being flattering. The informa-
tions, too, are all along so very good, abating that 'H',-/n'2'"°'"fJ
is here and there wrong, that they have been, and will always be,
hi'-hlv valued by the most curious men. He declines giving any
account of cloaths and fashion, excepting upon some solemn occa-
sion in King Henry the Eighth's reign, and <^""'^"'f^^'5!i^«-'' "J^^
what is truly momentous.' —.4i)2Kn. lo Hamngi Chart. ±,i.clvs. in
^"'flerber't supposes that Bishop Nieolson refers to the ed.
of 1542(?) and Hearne to one of the other edits. But no
such theory will reconcile statements so directly opposed
to each other. Shakspoare and the other dramatists of
his day drew largely from H.all's Chronicles for materials
for their plots. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Cole's
MS Athense. Cantab., in Brit, Mus. ; Uarwood's Alumni
Etouenses ; Tanner and Pits ; Peck's Desiderata ; Dibdin s
Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.; Hallam's Constit. Hist, of Eng. ;
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Hall, Edward. Serms. and Prayers for the Young,
"HalUEdward B., D.D. Memoir of Mary L.Ware,
wife of Henry Ware, Jr., Best,, 1852, 12mo. Seven eds.
of this Memoir h.ave already (1856) appeared. Reviewed
in N. Amer. Rev., Ixxvii. 145. ,,..„.
Hall, Edwin, D.D. 1. The Puritans and their Prin-
ciples N. York, 8vo. 2. Law of Baptism, 3d ed., 12mo.
Hall, Evevard. Index to the Virginia Reports,
Washington to 2d Randolph, Rich., 1S25, Svo. ^
Hall, Francis. Explication of Dial in the Kmg s
Garden at London, Liege. 1073, 4to.
Hall, Lient. Francis, 14th Light Dragoons, H.F.,
subsequently Hydrographer in the Service of Colombia.
1. Travels in Canada and the U. States in 181b-17 ; Lon.,
1818, Svo; Host., Svo.
" Mr Hall is a clever, lively man, very much above the common
race of writers. ... It is certainly somewhat rare to meet ivilh
Unoriginal thinker, an indulgent J"'i8<' of manners, and a man
tolerant of neglect and familiarity, in a youth covered with tags,
Sers. and martial foolery ."-llEV. Stunet Smith: Mm. J.tv.,
■sxxi 133, and in his Miscellanies. .
'^He h.as good sense enough to think that a country is not to
be judged by its tavern-keepers and hostlers, and too much good-
IIAL
humour to rail at a whole people because he meets with occasional
iusUinces of fraud and churlishness.'W. GiLUSOS : N. Anur. iJet.,
ix. 135-166. , ,. , ...
"nail's is a pleasant and lively work, unfolding many of the
pecuiariUes of tlie manners, customs, &c. of Canada and the
I Suacent parts of the United States."-S(«-oi!«.i s 1 c^./...<7". ,
2 Travels in France in 1818; Lon., 1819, Svo. 3. Ao-
eount of Colombia in 1824, Svo ; 1825, '27.
Hall, Francis Russell. Regeneration, &e., lUii,
^^Hall, Uev. Gordon, d. 1S26, in India, aged about
-6 a native of Berkshire, Mass., was the first American
nfissionary at Bombay, where he laboured for thirteen
year with great 7.eal. He had just rev-ised the ^ew Tes-
tament in the Mahratta tongue, when he was seized w.tn
holera, of which he died in eight or nine hours. In con-
junction with S. Newell, he wrote The Conversion of the
^Hail' George,\«2-166S, son of the Bishop of Nor-
wiSrFellow of^Exeter Coll., Oxford Prcb. of Exeter,
ul'/; Archdeacon of Cornwall 1641 ; Bishop o C lies^e ,
1662 He pub. Serms., 1655, '66, both 4to, and The Iri-
ilphs of R^m^ over despised Protestaney, 1655 '6 Svo
■■Had the seeds of virtue sown in him very eaily by his said
''''Hall^Harrison, of Philadelphia, b. 1785, a brother
of JuXe James Hall .and of John E. Hall, (see p..;,) wrote
awork^n Distillation, first pub. in 1815 which passed
rtZ'gh two edits, in America (2d ed., 1818, 8v„) and one
in Encrland. This work elicited the commendation of Dr.
Hare and of other scientific men of the day.
Hall Henry. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to.
Hall', Hiland, late Judge of the Supreme Court of
Verm'.iit. History of Western Vermont, announced as in
course of preparation, 1858.
Hall, Isaac, M.D. Tumour of the Thigh.
Hall J. V. The Sinner's Friend, Maidstone, Svo.
Hall', Uev. James. 1. Discoveries in Nat. Philos.,
Lon ISl'o 8vo 2. Travels in Scotland, 1807, 2 vols. Svo.
3. Travels' thr..ugh Ireland, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Substi-
tute for Hemp : Nich. Jour., 1811. . ,T>
Hall, Sir James, 1761-1832. fourth Baronet of Dun-
glass, and father of Capt. Basil Hall, R.N. Origin, Princi-
ples, and Hist, of Gothic Architecture, Lon., 181.:!. imp. 4to
'"The most popular and {esteemed work ou the subject of whiclj
it treats, both in the particular llieoryit espouses, and Iheinteiest
of iJs details.-'-CT<a,n!.crs <£■ Th.,msnn.. Bw-j. D,cl. ;/ .Vo sm«.
He contributed papers on architecture, nat. philos., &c ,
to Trans. Soc. Edin., 1796, 1805, and to Nich. Jour., 1804,
'06 '15 Ac. The result of his experiments tended to
confirm the truth of the Plutonian or Igneous theory of
the origin of minerals. See Lon. Gent Mag., Au.g. 183..,
pp. 178"-179, and Watt's Bibl. Brit,; Ch.ambers A Thom-
son's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen.
Hall, James. Serms., Lon., 1814, la, both Svo.
Hall, James, an eminent American writer and
Judge, b. in Philadelphia, Aug. 19, 1793, after spending
some time in the study of the law, entered the U. States
Army, and distinguished himself in the battle of Lundy s
Lane, at Niagara, the siege of Fort Erie, and on various
other occasions during the last war with Great Lritam.
He resigned from the army in 1818. .an.l in 1820 rc-moved
to Shawneetown, Hliuois, where he edited tlio Illinois
G.a7,ette and pr.actised at the Bar. AVhilst living in this
State, he was elected by the Legislature Judge ol the
Circuit Court, .and for four years held the responsible post
of State Treasurer. In 1833 he removed to Cincinnati,
where he has since resided. Since 1836 he has been con-
nected with monetary pursuits ; was for some time the
Cashier of the Commercial Bank, and has been since 1853
President of an institution of the same name. For further
particulars respecting Judge Hall's useful and laborious
life we refer the reader to Griswold's Prose-\Vriters ol
America, and to Duyckincks' Cyo. of Amer. Lit.
1. Letters from the West. Originally pub. in the Phila.
Port-Folio, edited by the author's brother, Mr. John H.
Hall (see post.) They appeared in London in a collective
form in 1828, Svo, without the author's concurrence. Re-
viewed in the London Quarterly, xxxix. 345-3o9.
2. Legends of the' West, Phila., 1832, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1833 3. The Soldier's Bride, and other Tales, 1832. 4.
The ilarpe's Head ; a Legend of Kentucky,1833. 5. Sketches
of the West, 1835, 2 vols. 12ino. See N. Amer. Rev., xliil.
1-28- xlv. 234-239; xlvii. 499-501 ; Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 292. 6. Tales of the Border, 1835, 12mo. 7.
Statistics of the West at the Close of 1S36 ; Cincin., 1836,
12mo. 8. Notes on the Western States, Phila., 1838, 12mo ;
1839, cr. Svo. , . ,. ,
" Though furnished with a now title, this work is but another
HAL
whatw«,v'^n'." ""^ opinion, a ™luable book. It furnishes just
wLatweivant. . Mr. Hall understands his subictt thoruUL-hlv •
10 ao. — lyon. AtfiatCFum, 1839; 111-113, (7. y,
9 Life of General Willi.am Henry Harrison, 1S.36. ISmo.
10. History of the Indian Tribes, by Tbomas L. McKenney,
late of the Iii.l.an Department at Washington, and James
Hal. Embellished with 120 Portraits from the Indian
t-allery at Washington. Phila. and Washington, 20 Nos.
fol.; vol. 1., 1S38 ; ii., 1842; iii.,18«; $120 pe?eopy for the
set. Kepub. in London. For an account of this splendid
work, written entirely from authentic original materials
collected with vast labour, see N. Amer. Kev., xlvii. 134-
148; London For. Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 479; Rich's EibI
Amer. Nova, ii. 300-307. The letter-press was written
chiefly by Judge Hall :
„",P''on>;l MfKenney has an accomplished coadjutor in Jud.'e
Hall, of Cincinnati, who is asso.-iated with him in the lilerajv
S»s=°„f^^° "?'■,"''■, ■''"^«'' """''' "ell-known KHice and liveli-
ness of style, and his knowledge of events in the West, and of the
Indian ch.aracter .as unfolded in the wars of recent times, besides
the advantages he derives from his pio.ximity to the scenes he
describes enable him to make contributions which adorn and
M^-otie'o^^oU.'" '° *"" -<"■"•"-* ^'"^'••^-■,-lvii. 134:i
11. The Wilderness and the War- Path, N. York 1845
1-mo. 12. Anniversary Address before the Mercantile
Library Association of Cincinnati, April, 1S4C 13 Life
of Thomas Posey, Major-Geueral and Governor Jf Indiana
in .-.parks s American Biography, 2d Series, ix. 359-403
A new and uniform edit, of Judge Hall's works, revised
by the author, to be comprised in four vols., uniform with
Putntims edit, of Irving's Works, is now (1856) in course
of publication Vol i.. Legends of the West, appeared in
1853 ; and vol. ii., The West, Historical, Descriptive and
Statistical, IS now ready for the press. In 1857 appeared
Romance of Western History. Cin.. 12mo. Judge Hall has
been a eontributor to The Amer. Quar. Rev., The Phila. Port.
Jtolio The Knickerbocker, The Boston Token, Ac. He
founded, published, edited, and contributed largely to, The
niinois Magazine, (monthly,) issued for three years at
Vandaha, and then removed to Cincinnati, where its name
tMs "title""'!'' '"• ^"'i '^T"" ^''"""^'^ Magazine. Und"
this title It enjoyed a large circulation for three years
largely to The Western Souvenir for 1829, (pub at Cin
cinnati) the first annual attempted in the West When
we add to this long list of labours the editorial d iilies
Ihe Illinois Intelligencer, ic-it will be readily admitted
tha few men have done so much for the cause of Western
civilization and the intellectual improvement of Ihe
of an Yom.i" •''• ^'"''' ""'" '^""''^ '"' " <=°"°'^<' ^o^'hy
Ma^s'"l''sn'*?'f ' ^° ,<="'"<="* geologist, b. at Hingham,
1 Th; cll 'f'^'^S'l °''^''=" ^'"'^ Slate Survey
r- < ,ot ]°^^ °^ ^"="' York, Fourth Geolo^^ical Dis
net, 1843, 4to. 2 The Pateontology of New Yo^kTtoki.,
Mr iltl h.,"-' 1 ; '/"/ '"■■ '° ^-^^-^ of preparation
"i^n^ific pu'Mi™;;;;,':':'^'' " """'" "'' p^p^^ '^ ™™-
15?^''l'Jm''°''p"\ t^"'"" '" ^""^^ of a Vision, Ac,
1563, 16mo. Probably written by the next-named John
Ri, ;„■ irn'^c^"' ' P^''"'P^''< Theat. Poet. Anglic. 78
Ritsons Bibl. Poet., 232, 233; Warton's Hist.°of Eng!
Hall, John, an early English poet, was a surgeon of
?5 0 """TrT ^'VoJ- """^ ^™"^'-''*^ "'■ S'^lomori.
ito 3 The C^uH ^,^":"f-P'!™-I>»nfranci, Lon.,'l565
pu „• . ^u x" "^ ^ "'■""'• ^'"5, Ifimo. See Bryd.-es's
Ph llipss Theat Poet. Anglic; Ritsons Bibl. Poet ,23''-
2ii ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet
Hall, John, 1627-1656. a native of Durham snent
one year a, St. Johns Coll.. Camb., and sub nenth re
moved to Gray's Inn. 1. Hone Viciv;e- or Es avs /c
Lon 1646 12mo 2. Poems, Camb., lele', ^2mo ' te
Nicholses Select Collection. 3. The Seconde Booke of
Divme Poems, 1617. Now very rare. 4. Emblems 1648
16mo. 0 Motion to the Parliament, 1649 4to 6 Mon
arehy, 1651, 8vo. 7 The Height of Elocilce ?652;
,Z\. ^'/i'™''''.-^''. "53, 12mo. This is the lirst English
trans, of Longinus. 9. Hierocles on Pythagoras lb'57
ithen.''ox:!n.'"' """"'''' "' "■"'' ''^ ''^^ I'-i^' S-
leM,**','!' •'"''"' "'■ I^''='""»°d. Government, Lon.,
HAL
Haiyohn. The True Chevalier, Lon., 1656, foL
Hall, John. English Bodies; or. Cures in desperate
Diseases. Englished by Jas. Cooke, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
By H. Stubbs. 1679, '83, 8vo.
Hall, John. Jacob's Ladder, Lon., 1676, 8vo
.Ha , John. Refutation of Helmont, Oxf, 1694 4to
lla 1, John. His Memoirs, Lon., 1708, '14, 8vo
Ha , John, Speech at Tyburn, Lon., 1716.
Ha , John, Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1784
il" ' •{'*''"• ^'"''- Scrm., Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Ha I, John. Conveyancing, Lon., 1829, 8vo.
an 1 l?r Vb c",*^,-' '"«3-1829, a son of Mrs. Sarah Hall,
!d^ r , rr,, ^il'^'-^"- •''"'"' ^''" '""^ Harrison Hall, was
admitted to the Bar m 1805, and commenced practice in
Baltimore; he subsequently removed to Philadelphia.
Whilst in Baltimore he was elected to the responsible post
sitv l^f M '"' f ^J'^^'i''" "'"' Belles-Lettres in the Univer-
sity of Maryland. From 1808 to 1817 he pub. The Ame-
rican Law Journal, Phila., 6 vols. 8vo. In 1821 was pub
one vol. of The Journal of Jurisprudence, a new series of
Ihe American Law Journal, Phila., 8vo. Hall's Law
Journal contains some Decisions of the Federal Courts
Tn l'i"i R 1° 1 """''"■ "■^I""''"- ''^" 23 Amer. Jour., 135.
bnted . >'' ""? """"■ "*■ '^^'^ Port-Folio, and contri-
buted to Its pages from time to time a number of articles
which excited considerable attention. He also wrote a life
o Dr John Shaw prefixed to the poems of the latter, pub.
at Baltimore in 1810 ; collected, arranged, and contributed
to an edit, of The British Spy; edited he Philadelphia
Idi tor of tT"p' ^'{^ r "'"." "■"' '" f""-' ^o'""""" bj tho
olMr H U^^ T:^t"-r, ^" ■^"'"^"■"'^n'^e Of the failure
?m W n ''"'l'."'. ">e P"^'-''""° '™^' discontinued in
m,hTb»P '■!""*? 9"- "^ ^''"■■- I-"' Wr. Hall also
pub. The Practice and Jurisdiction of the Court of Ad-
miralty Bait., 1809, Svo ; an English edit, of Emeritu
on Maritime Loans, with other matter, 1811, s" a°nd
Tracts on Constitutional Law, containing Mr. Livingston's
Answer to Mr. Jefi-erson, Phila.. 1813, S'vo '' "''"S"'"" »
Hall, Jonathan Prcscott. Reports of Cases in
vXTo '^- ^■"''•' ''''-''• ^- Yo^''' 1S31 33, 2
nel!?^V'F^n"!''?'*''r^-^- ^^flS^e. «°« of the most emi-
uen of Engl sh divines and scholars, was a native of
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and educated at Emanuel Coll Cam
bridge, where for a short time he read the Rhetoric Lectu«
in the schools. He became Rector of Halsted, was subse
quently presented by Lord Denny to Waltham Holy Cro"=s
arid next made a Prebendary of the collegiate ch^irch of
Wolverhampton. In 1618 he was sent to the Synod of
Dort, was made Bishop of Exeter in 1627, and trans ?o
Norwich ,n 1641. On the occurrence of he R ebemo 1
.after sufl-ering imprisonment and enduring various other
hardships he ,vas sequestered and reduced to great poverty
He retired to Higham, near Norwich, where he spent the
rest ot his days on a straitened income, but in the act vo
discharge of ministerial duty. As a mnn n f . f ^
learning, fervent piety, and "^raclical philan.h p' "his
name should be "had in everlasting remembrance'^^^' He
was distinguished both as a poet and as a prose writer and
wrote many sermons, contro'versial tracts VgainsRomau
..m, and other theological treatises. For p.aTtict lars oThis
he and writings see Biog. Brit. ; his Autobiography in h 3
Specialities; Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets IsiO
Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Walt's Bibl.^BrU.T Word"'
worths Eodes. Biog.; Hallam's Lit Hist If 17
Lowndes's Bibl. Man" ' A newTdit. o;'his^V orks, n^owrsj
R V Tosiah' P 'ti' ^•"«ti;'g-P'^y. Kotes, Indei,ll,'by
liev Josiah Pratt, was pub., Lon., 1808. in 10 vols Svo
Halt'w ^ ''b' a^n."' "''"■' l'^ '■'^ Jescendan , Rev Pe™;
Ha 1, was pub., Oxf., 1837-39, in 12 vols. 8vo, £5 ThL
Vo I 'Bitr'"' r'\ %""'■ ''' ™°'^-"^ "- - '■"'low-
T„^ liiographical Pieces ; Contemplations on the Old
Te tamen t. Books 1-17. II. Contemplations on the 0 d
Tesamen , Books 18-21; Contempliitions on the New
Savid"'^"lV p"- ^""I't^^^'^o" """• Texts, Genesfs to
ladon.- v'^Se';m7n ."Tl" Vn''^^i.:;;,^^:',\\?-'T '" IV^i
Devo.ional Works ; Misceiialeo'us'^to 4^ "'l^^- ^' ^J"
lemica Works XL Laiin Theology, wifh Transliuion;
ML Mundus Alter et idem; Quo vldis? A Cen nre of
Travel ; Poetical Works ; Appendix ; Indices. Of separate
^any'edU "Thfrn^ T "'^ r"""«^' "--b- been
many eaits. Ihe most comprehensive of these is Selec
t.ons by the Rev. Josiah Pratt, 1808, 5 vols. Svo £2 2,
We proceed to quote a number of opinions by eminent
authorities respecting the merits of a number of the work,
I uf this profound scholar and excellent man :
HAL
HAL
1. Satires: ViRGiDEMiARrM: pub. 1597-98. These
were pub. at the early age of twenty-three. It is proper
to quote iu this connexioa the remark of Dr. Drake:
*' Poetry was the occupation merely of his youth; the vigour
and decline of his days Iwing employed iu the composition of pro-
fessional works, calculated, by their piety, eloquence, and origin-
ality, to promote, in the most powerful manner, the best interests
of morality and relit^ion."
'■The first professed English satirist, to speak technically, is
Bishop .Joseph Hall, . . . These satires are marked with a classical
precision, to whi^-h KngUsh poetry had yet rarely attained. They
are replete with animation of style and sentiment. The indigna-
tion of the satirist is always the result of good sense. >'or are the
thorns of severe inTective unmixed with the flowers of pure poetry.
The characters are delineated in strong and lively colouring, and
their disL-riminations are touched with the masterly traces of
genuine humour. The versification is equally energetic and ele-
gant, and the fabric of the couplets approarhes to the modern
standard."— IIT/Won's Hist, of Eng. Bict., ed. 1S40, iii. 404r44l.
■Read this " masterly piece of criticism."
"The best Poetry and the truest Satire in the English language.
... I wish I had seen them sooner." — Alexander Pope.
*'This powerful and truly ori^cinal writer is the earliest professed
Satirist among our Poets; and he has himself alluded to that iact
with a proud and pardonable egotism :
I first adventure: follow me who list,
And be the Second English Satirist.'
nis Satires, besides their own intrinsic poetical excellences, are
valuable to the Antiquary as presenting a most vivid and faithful
picture of the manners of our ancestors; their fa.'^hions, follies,
vices, and peculiarities. These Hall has touched with a powerful
and unsparing hand. Scribblers, Lawyers, Parsons, Physicians,
all those unfortunate classes of men, who have, from time imme-
morial, enjoyed the unenvied privilege of attracting the peculiar
notice of the Satiric Muse, are by him laid bare and shrinking to
the scorn and hatred of Mankind."— iftrtrj/ JVeeh's Lects. on Eng-
lish Puetry.
" In many instances, Hall redeems the antiquity of his allusions
by their ingenious adaptation to modern manners ; and this is but
a small part of his praise: for in the point, and volubility, and
vigour of Hall's numbers, we might frequently imagine ourselves
perusing Dryd-^n." — Thomas Campbell's JVotices of the British Poets.
But Mr. Hallam questions Hall's claim, asserted by
himself and since generally allowed, to be considered the
first English satirist:
" In a general sense of satire, we have seen that he had been
anticipated by Gascoigne; but Hall has more of the direct Juve-
nalian invective, which he may have reckoned essential to that
species of poetry."
He considers, also, that Hall's Satires have been " praised
by Campbell, as well as by Warton. full as much in my
opinion as they deserve," and remarks :
*■ Hall is in fact not only so harsh and rugged that he cannot
be read with much pleasure, but so obscure in very many places,
that he cannot be understood at all, his lines fieijuenfly bearing
no visible connexion in sense or grammar with their neighbours."
—Lit. Hist, of Europe.
2. Epistles: pub. 1608-11.
" An able inquirer into the literature of this period has affirmed
that Hall's Epistles, written before the year 161^. are the first ex-
ample of epistolary composition which England had seen. ' Bishop
Hall.' he says, 'was not only our first satiiist. but was the first
■who brought epistolary writing to the view of the public; which
•was common in that age to other parts of Europe, but not prac-
tised in England till he published his own Epistles.' And Hall
himself in the Dedication of his Epistles to Prince Henry observes.
* Your grace shall herein perceiue a new fiisbion of discourse by
Epistles, new to our language, vsuall to others: and. as nouelty
Is neuer without plea of vse, more free, more famili:ir."' — }Var-
«m'5 Hist, of Eng. Poet.
But Warton assigns to Roger Aseham the first and to
Howell the second place, in order of time, iu this depart-
ment of letters.
Campbell also falls into the error of denominating
Bishop Hall "the first who gave our language an example
of epistolary composition in prose." See his Notices of
the Britii-h Poets.
3. CoNTEMPL.\TIONS UPON THE PRINCIPAL PASSAGES OF
THE HlST. OF THE New TESTAMENT: pub. 1612-15.
"Incomparably valuable for language, criticism and devotion."
—Dr. DoDDRirioE.
" The first and last terms are justly applied, but not the middle
one; as there is very little criticism, in the proper meaning of the
term, in any of the works of Hall. . . . There is a great vaiiety
of sentiment, and great richness of thought and expression, in
these Contemplations. The historical passngea are often very
happily illustrated; and a pure and elevated devotion, combined
with a fine imagination, pervades the whole." — Orme's BiU. Bib.
"Very devotional and useful." — Bid.erstetk's Chris. S(u.
" A vein of piety, and even an original cist of observation, runs
through the greater part of his performances; and his Contempla-
tions, in particular, breathe the fire of poetry as well as of devo-
tion,"— DlBLiN : Lib. Oimp.
"The Contemplations of Hall are among his most celebrated
works. They are prolix, and without much of that vivacity or
Btriking novelty we meet with in the devotional writings of his
contemporary. [Jeremy Taylor.] but are perhaps more practical
and generally edif\ing." — Hullum's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
4. The 6li' Rkligio.n; or, the Difierence between the
Keformed and the Komish Church: pub. 1628.
A very able work.
"Quo ostenditur evangelicnm religionem esse antiquam atque
apostolicam; Romanam contra novam atque ab hominibus ex-
cogitatam." — Walch.
5. Explication of all the Hard Texts of the Whole
Divine vScripture: pub. 163.3-34.
"These expository notes are very valuable, especially for show-
ing the spirit and force of many expressions that occur."— Db,
Doddridge.
'* They do not. however, contain much learned criticism. Most
of them, if not all. are inserted in the valuable Commentary of
Bp. Mant and Dr. D'Oyly."— So rn^'s Bibl. Bib.
" This paraphrase includes many texts which are not hard ; and
on many hard texts it throws little light. Occasionally a critical
remark occurs, and frequently the point and energy of a particular
sentiment is happilv noti.-ed ; but the reader who repairs to these,
volumes for the solution of many difficulties in the language or
doctrine of the Bible will certainly be di.'^appointed. He who
undertakes too much must always fail to afford satisfaction. An
explication of all the hard texts in the Bible was too vast an un-
dertaking even for Bishop Hall, though his learning was greater
than that of most of the men of his age, and his industry not
inferior to any." — 0}-me's Bibl. Bib.
" Very devotional and use(a\."—Bick€Tsteth*S C. &
6. Christian Meditations : pub. 1640.
"Next to his Contemplations are his Meditations, Letters, and
Balm of Gilead."— Dr. Doddridge. .
*■ Best of all in his Meditations."— i^«?^r's WTthies of Letc^tcr-
shire. ^ , .. , X
" Bishop Hall's beautiful Meditations were not less suited to our
day than to his."— Kev. Charles Bridges: Memoir of M. J. Gra-
havi.
7. Episcopacy by Divine Right asserted : pub. 1640.
"In this the good Bishop endeavours to fix Episcopacy upon
the s-nme basis of apostolical institution, and to demolish the sys-
tem of the Puritans, by demonstrating that Presbyterianism had
no existence for the first fifteen centuries of the Christian era, and
that it owed its being to the inventive Ctculties of Calvin." —
BOGUE.
8. MuNDUS Alter et idem: sive Terra Australis
ANTE HAC SEMPER INCOGNITA AdTHORE MeRCCRIO BrITAN-
Nico : pub. 1643. An English version was pub. by John
Healey, under the title of Discovery of a New World, Svo.
" I can only produce two books by English authors in this first
part of the seventeenth century which fall properly under the class
of novels or romances; and of these one is written in Latin. This
is the Mundus Alter et Idem of Bishop Hall, an imitation of the
latter and weaker volumes of Rabelais. A country in Terra Aus-
tralis is divided into four regions, Cinpulia, Viraginia, Moronea,
and Lavernia. Maps of the whole Land and of particular regions
are given; and the nature of the satire, not much of which has
any especial reference to England, may easily be collected." —
Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
The other novel referred to by Mr. Hallam is Francis
Godwin's M,in in the Moon. It has been supposed that
Swift borrowed the idea of Gulliver's Travels from Hall's
Mundus Alter et Idem: but see uur life of Francis God-
win. We conclude with some opinions respecting the
general merits of this eminent divine as a scholar and an
author ;
" He was noted for a singular wit from his youth: a most acute
rhetorician and an elegant poet. He understood many tongue.s;
and in the rhetorick of his own he was second to none that lived
in his time." — Rev. John Whitefoote: Bishop HaWs Funeral
Serrnon.
" He was commonly called our English Seneca, for the pureness,
plainness, and fulness of his style. Not unhappy at controversies,
more happy at comments, very good in his chai-acter. better in his
sermons, best of all in his meditations. ... A witty poet when
young, a painful preacher and solid divine in his middle, a patient
sufferer in his old, age."— Tromas Fuller.
" It is much to our present purpose to observe that the style of
his prose is strongly tinctured with the manner of Seneca. The
writer of the satires is perceptible in some of his gravest pulemi.^al
or scriptural treatises, whirh are perpetually interspersed with
excursive illustrations, familiar allusions and observations in lite.
Blany of them were early translated into French." — Warto7i's Hist.
of Eng. P"€t.
The obligations of the author of The Sentimental Jour-
ney to Bishop Hall have been exposed by an ingenious
critic, whose merits we have already considered :
"There is a delicacy of thought and tenderness uf expression in
the good Bishop's compositions, from the transfusions of which
Sterne looked for immortility."— Dr. FERniAR.
The next authority to be quoted is not noted for enthu-
siastic eulogy of the old English divines j but he can hardly
say enough in favour of Bishop Hall :
"Imaginative and ropious eloquence, terse and pointed sen-
tences, full of piety and devotion. Few writers more likely to be
useful to [Divinity] students. Let them thorou;rhly read and
digest such a writer, and they will he furnished for most of the
calls upon them." — Bickcrstelh'.^ C. S.
Here we must conclude, not from paucity of matter, but
narrowness of space. The similarity between Jeremy
Taylor and Bishop Hall has not escnped the eye of criti-
cism. A late eminent authority happily defines the points
of likeness and contrast:
"A writer as distinguished in works of practical piety was Hall.
His Art of Divine Meditation, bis Contemplations, and indeed
many of his writings, remind us frequently of Taylor. Both had
7C3
HAL
HAL
equally pious and devotional (tnipeis: both were full of leftrniofr;
both feitile of illustration; both may be SHid to have strong imayi-
nition and po>;ticaI genius, though Taylor let his predominate a
little more. Taylor is also rathermore subtle and ar^uiiientativf ;
his copiousness has more real variety. Hall kf.ps nmr^- cl^.'^fly tn
bis subject, dilates upon it sometimes more teiiinuf.ly, lutl nwu-
appositely. In his sermons there is some excess nt<iuut;itii)ii and
far-fetched Ulustiation, but les.s than in those of Taylor. In some
of their writings theSH two great divines resemble each other, on
the whole, so much, that we might for a short time not discover
which we were reading. I do not know that any third writer
comes close to either." — ffallam^s Lit. Hist, of Europe.
Hall, Joseph, pub. the posthumous Works of Rev.
Jeremiah Seed, Lon., 1760. 2 vols. Svo.
Hall, Mrs. Louisa Jane, a daughter of Dr. James
Park, of Newburjport, Mass., was born in that city, Feb.
7, 1802. In 1S40 she was married to the Rev. Edward B.
Ilall, a Unitarian minister of Providence, Rhode Island.
Mrs. Hall has attained considerable reputation as the
author of Miriam, a Dramatic Poem, illustrative of the
early conflicts of tbc Christian Church. Although partly
written in 1825, and completed not long after this date, it
was not pub. till 1S37. In 1828 she gave to the world
Joanna of Naples, an Historical Tale, in prose; and has
also pub. a Life of Elizabeth Carter, and contributed to
the periodicals of the day. Few American poetical compo-
eitious have been more highly commended than Mrs. Hall's
Miriam. See Griswold's Female Poets of America; Mrs.
Hale's Records of Woman ; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer.
Lit.; Article by Mrs. E. F. Ellet on The Female Poets of
America, in N. Amcr. Rev., Ixviii. 434, 43j.
Hall, Marshall, M.D., d. 1857. Principles of the
Theory and I'ractiec of Medicine, Lon.. 1837, Svo. Amer.
cd., by Drs. J. Bigelow and 0. W. Holmes, Bost., 1839, Svo.
Also Lectures and Memoirs on the Nervous System, and
other valuable professional works. He visited the United
States in 1S53 and '54, and pub. The Twofold Slavery of
the United States.
Hall, Mrs. Matthew. Lives of the Queens of Eng-
land before the Norman Conquest. Lon., 1 854, 2 vols. p. Svo.
" We have no doubt that many innocent people will till up one
end of the fihelves which contain their Lives of the Qiu'ens with
this suppositious preface and introduction to them. But it is a
piu-e delu.sion; and we beg to assure all well-intentioned persons
that Sir E. B. Lytton's Harold contains a hundred fold more of
real historical information about the eaily Saxon Princesses than
they will find in the empty and pretentious pages of the Qiietns
bf/ore the Conquest; where Edith the Good and Edith the Fair
come in after all the Cartismanduas, Guenevers. and look as life-
less and as mythical as they." — Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1855.
Hall, Ucv. Newman. 1. Life of Wm. Gordon, M.D.
See the name, and that of Godman, John D., M.D. 2. Come
to Jesus. New ed., Lon., 1854. 12mo. This little book
has reached its fifty-fourth thousand. 3. Follow Jesus.
New ed., 1854, 18mo. 4. It is I. 5. Italy, the Land of
the Forum and the Vatican, 1853, fp. Svo.
Hall, P. W, Revealed Law, &c., 1792. Svo.
Hall, Peter, 1S03-1S49, Rector of Milston, Wilts,
educated at Winchester Coll. and at Brasenose Coll., Ox-
ford, edited the Works of his ancestor. Bishop Joseph Hall,
and pub. a number of theological, topographical, aud other
works, for an account of which see London Gent. Mag.,
Nov. 1849. Among the most valuable of his works are
Reliquiee Liturgia?, 1847, 5 vols. ISmo, and Fragmenta
Liturgica, 184S, 7 vols. 18mo. At the time of his death
he was engaged in the compilation of another collection
of pieces of a liturgical character, to be entitled Monu-
menta Liturgica. Mr. Hall pub. in 1841, Svo, a new Eng-
lish ed. of that valuable work, The Harmony of the Pro-
testant Confessions. This work was first pub. in Latin, at
Geneva, 1581, 4to ; then in English, at Cambridge, 15S6,
12mo; again, Lon., 1643, 4to. These edits, have become
excessively rare, and Mr. Hall's reprint deserves great
commendation.
" I recommend the Confession of Faith of the Church of Saxony,
with the elucidations on particular points to be found in the
wurks of P. Melancthon." — Bishop IIurslev.
Hall, R. G. 1. Law rel. to Trust Terms, <fec., Lon.,
1S20, Svo. 2. Rights of the Crown on the Sea-shores,
1S30, Svo.
Hall, Richard. A Library of Divinity ; or. Select
Extracts from Sundry Did and Eminent Divines, Lon.
Hall, Richard, D.D., d. Hll)4, R. Catholic professor
nt Doiiay, was educated at Christ College, Cambridge.
He pub. some controversial tracts, but is Itest known as
the author of The Life and Death of John Fisher, Bishop
of Rochester, Lon., 1653, Svo, which goes under the name
of its editor, Thomas Bayly, suhdean of Wells. Another
cd. was pub. in 1739, i2ino, edited by Coxetcr. Hall's
life of Fisher is much esteemed; but we have a recent
luography of this distinguished prelate by the Kev. John
7G4
Lewis. See Fisher, John. Respecting Dr. Richard Hall,
see Dodd's Church Hist.; Cole's MS. Athena;, in Brit.
Museum.
Hall, Richard. Hist, of Barbadoes, 1643-1762, 1765.
TIall, Robert. See Hevlin, Peter, D.D.
Hall, Robert. 1. Serm., 1713, Svo. 2. Four Serms.
3. 12 Serins, on the Apostles' Creed.
Hall, Robert. The Old Quizzes; a Musical Farce,
1779, 12mo.
Hall, Robert, d. 1791, father of the celebrated Ro-
bcrt Hall, chosen pastor of a Baptist congregation at
Arnsby, Leicestershire, 1753. Help to Zion's Travellers,
Bristol, 1781, ISmo ; 2d ed., Lon., IS07, ISmo.
'' It well deserves the title."' — BicI.ersleth's C. S.
For an account of Mr. Hall see a biographical notice in
the Works of his son, Robert Hall.
Hall, Robert, M.D., 1763-1824, an army and navj
surgeon, subsequently resided at Jedburgh and in London.
He pub. a trans, of Spallanzani's Experiments on the
Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1801, Svo, and other pro-
fess, treatises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Georgian Era, ii. 585.
Hall, Robert, 1764—1831, one of the most eminent
of modern divines, a native of Arnsby, in Leicestershire,
where his father was settled as pastor to a congregation
of Baptists. At a very early age he gave evidence of un-
common genius, which will readily be admitted when we
are assured upon undoubted authority that
" Before he was nine years of age he had perused and reperused,
with intense interest, the treatises of that profound and e.xtra-
ordinary thinker, Jonathan Edwards, on the ' Affections' and on
the 'Will.' About the .same time he read, with a like interest,
'Butler's Analof:;y.' Before he was ten years old he had written
many essays, principally on relii;ious subjects, and often invited
his brothers and sisters to hear him preach." — Dr. OUnthus Gre-
gory's Memoir.
He was placed in the academy of Mr. John Ryland, of
Northampton, and afterwards removed to the institution
at Bristol connected with the Particular Baptists. In
1780, at the early age of sixteen, he was "set apart" by
his father and some other members of the Baptist commu-
nion for "public employ" as a preacher of the word. In
little more than a year after this ceremony Robert was
sent to King's College, Aberdeen, where he formed a close
intimacy with Mr. — afterwards Sir James — Mackintosh.
Sir James said he became attached to Robert Hall *• be-
cause he could not help it."
" They read to;^ether; they sat together at lecture, if possible;
they walUed together. In their joint studies they read much of
Xenophon and Herodotus, and more of Plato ; and so well was all
this knuwn, exciting admiration in some, in others envy, that it
was not unusual, as they went along, for their class-fellows to
point at them and say, 'There go Plato and irerodotus-' . . . There
was scarcely an important position in Berkeley's Minute Philoso-
pher, in Butler's AnaIo;j:y, or in Edwards on thf' ^Villj over which
they had not debated with the utmost intensity."
In 1783 Mr. Hall accepted an invitation from the church
at Broadmead to associate himself with Dr. Caleb Evans
as the assistant pastor. His first serm. had been preached,
when only sixteen j'ears of age, to a congregation of minis-
ters, and we are told that in the elucidation of his text,
"God is light, and in Him is no darkness at all," he
treated "this mysterious and awful suliject with such
metaphysical acumen, and drew from it such au impres-
sive application, as excited the deepest interest." We
need not be surprised, therefore, that, after three years'
intense application to metaphysics and studious perusal
of the best pulpit models, he produced such an impression
on his auditors as to " crowd the place of worship to
excess." In 1791 Mr. Hall assumed the pastoral charge
of the Baptif-t congregation at Cambridge, in which im-
portant post he succeeded the unhappy Mr. Robinson.
Mr. Hall's devotion to study was carried to an excess
which resulted in the most painful consequences.
"Often has he been known to sit close at his reading, or yet
more intensely engaged in abstract thought, for more than twelve
hours in the day; so that, when one or two of his kind fiiends
have called upon him, in the hope of drawing him from his solitude,
they have found him in such a state of nervous excitement as led
them to unite their efforts in persuading him to take some mild
narcotic aud retire to rest. The painful result may be anticipated.
This noble mind lost its equilibrium ; and he who had so long been
the theme of universal admiration now became the subject of as
extensive a sympathy. Tbis event occurred in November, 1804.
Mr. Ilall was placed under the care of Dr. Arnold, of Leicester,
whose attention, with the blessing of God. in about two months,
restored him both t<t mental and bodily health."
But it is painful to add that, in about twelve months
from this time, "sleepless nights, habitual exclusion from
society, a complete self-absorption," and the incessant
struggle between a sense of duty and a proper regard to
his health, produced a recurrence of mental derangement.
The judicious measures of Dr. Cos, with the Divine aidj
HAL
Boon restored the ''complete b.alancc of bis mental powers."
It was considered necessary, however, that he should re-
sign the charge of his congregation at Cambridge, and for
a year at least seek retirement and avoid all mental ex-
citement. A connexion was thug terminated which had
subsisted for fifteen years.
In about two years from this time he felt himself suflS-
fliently re-established in health to take charge of a congre-
gation in Harvey Lane, Leicester, where he was married
in March, 1S08.
•'The people are a simple-hearted, affect ion ate, praying people,
to whom I prt-ach with more pleasure than to the more refined
audience at Cambridjie." — Letter to Dr. Ryhind.
He little foresaw thai he would be the successor of the
friend to whom this letter was written ; but such was the
fact. Dr. Hyland "entered into rest" in 1825, and in the
next year Mr. Hall resigned his post at Leicester, which
he had occupied for nearly twenty years, and returned,
after an interval of forty-five, to the scene of his first con-
tinuous labours, the church at Broadmead, Bristol.
" Some of the friends of his early life still survived to welcome
his return among them; and many others, who bad profited by
his pulpit exertions on his periodical visits to Bristol, congratu-
lated themselves that he to whom, under (Jod, they owed so much,
had become their past<jr."
His separation from his flock at Leicester, among whom
he had gone in and out for almost twenty years, was truly
affecting.
"The day of separation — the last sacrament-Sabbath — was a
day of anguish to him and them, of which 1 shall not attempt the
description. Suffice it to say, that he went throu'.'h the ordinary
public duties of the day with tolerable composure; but at the
sacramental service he strove in vain to conceal bis emotion. In
one of his addresses to the members of the church, on adverting
to the pain of separation he was so much affeott-d that he sat
down, covered his face with his hands, and wept; they, sharing in
his distress, gave unequivocal signs of the deepest feeling. Mr.
Eustace Carey, who was prt- sent, continued (he devotional part of
the service until Mr. Hall was sufficiently recovered to proceed.
At the close of the solemnity the weeping became again universal,
and they parted, 'sorrowing most of all that they should see his
£ice no more,'" — De. Gregory.
Mr. Hall continued actively engaged in the discharge
of ministerial duty at Bristol until February 12, 1831,
when he was attacked by a severe complaint in the chest,
which terminated fatally ou the 21st cf the same month.
He died "the death of the righteous," and was never
greater than in that last scene, which so often evinces at '
the same time the weakness of human nature and the effi- '
cacy of that strength wherewith God endues the souls of
his faithful children. " Over such the second death hath
no power," and the pangs of the first are swallowed up in
the foretaste of that exceeding glory which " God hath
prepared for them who love him."
A friend remarked to the dying believer, " This God
will be our God!" "Yes, He will," was the reply j "He
will be our guide even unto death." Surely
"The chamber where the good man meets his fate
Is privileged beyond the common walks of life."
In the controversy excited by the French Revolution
of 1789 Mr. Hall was induced to take a part. He after-
wards regretted that he was so much under the influence
of the general excitement as to be drawn aside from his
higher obligations. To use his own words —
''The Christian ministry is in danger of losing something of its
energy and sanctity by embarking on the stormy element of po-
litical debate."
The principal works of this eminent writer and orator
were as follows: — 1. Christianity consistent with a Love
of Freedom; being an Answer to a Sermon by the Rev.
John Clayton, Lon., 1701. Mr. Hall never would consent
to the republication of this essay. The principles he con-
sidered correct, but he regretted the tone of animadver-
sion as "severe, sarcastic, and unbecoming."
" It contains some powerful reasoning, as well as some splendid
2. Apology for the Freedom of the Press, 1793.
"I went home to my lodgings and began to write immediately;
sat up all night, and, wonderful for me, kept up the intellectual
forment for almost a month, and then the thing was done."
3. Modern Infidelity Considered, 1800. See an interest-
ing account by Dr. Gregory of the history of this sermon.
"I mistake greatly if, after the perusal of this simple narrative,
the reader will not turn to the sermon with additional relish, and
meditate with augmented pleasure upon the peculiarities of this
most valuable production and the singular character of its au-
thor's mind."
4. Reflections on War, 1802.
"Conscious that what is here advanced was meant neither to
flatter nor offend any party, he is not very solicitous about those
misconstructions or misinterpietations to which the purest inten-
tions are exposed." — Author's Preface.
5. The Sentiments proper to the Present Crisis, Fast-
day, 1803.
HAL
*■ From a due consideration of the temper of the times ho
thought it expedient to direct the attention to what appeared to
him the chief source of public degeneracy, rather than insist at
large on particular vices." — Author^s Prrfum to th^. second cditimt.
6. The Discouragements and Supports of the Christian
Ministry; a Discourse delivered to the Rev. James Robin-
son at his ordination. 7. On Terms of Communion ; with
a particular view to the case of the Baptists and the Pscdo-
baptists, 1815. Mr. Hall, was a warm advocate of" Mixed
Communion," while Mr. Kinghorn was a zealous champion
of exclusion. 8. The E.«sential Difference between Chris-
tian Baptism and the Baptism of John more fully stated
and confirmed. 9. A Sermon oceasioned by the death of
her late Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales,
1817 ; 6th cd. pub. in 1818. Mr. Hall preached three ser-
mons on this occasion, of which many of the auditors affirm
the one published was by no means the best.
" It by universal acknowledgment bore the palm above all the
numerous valuable sermons that were then published. ... In
felicity of diction, in delicacy and pathos, in the rich variety of
most exquisite and instructive trains of thought, in their cogent
application to truths of the utmost moment, in the masterly com-
bination of what in elo.iuence, philosophy, and religion was best
calculated to make a permanent and salutary impression, this ser-
mon probably stands unrivalled."
So great was his reputation as a preacher, that some
persons were in the habit of travelling two nights, coming
and returning, for the pleasure of hearing him on Sunday.
His friend, Dr. Gregory, gives us a graphic account of one
of these occasions :
" From the commencement of his discourse, an almost breathless
silence prevailed, deeply impressive and solemnizing from its singu-
lar intenseness. Not a sound was heard but that of the preachers
voice — scarcely an eye but was fixed upon him — not a countenance
that he did not watch, and read, and interpret, as he surveyed
them again and again with his rapid, ever-excursive glance. As
j he advanced and increased in animation, five or six of the auditors
would he seen to rise and lean forward over the front of their pews,
I still keeping their eyes upon him. Some new or striking sentiment
or expression would, in a few minutes, cause others to rise in like
manner: shortly afterwards still more, and so on, until, long be-
fore the close of the sermon, it often happened that a considerable
portion of the congregation were seen sUmding, — every eye directed
to the preacher, yet now and then for a moment glancing from one
to the other, thus transmitting and reciprocating thought and
feeling: — Mr. Hall himself, though manifestly absorbed in his
subject, conscious of the whole, receiving new animation fmni
what he thus witnessed, rellecting it back upon those who were
already alive to the inspiration, until all that were susceptible of
thought and emotion seamed wound up to the utmost limit of
elev.ation mi earth, — when ho would close, and they reluctantly
resume their seats."
With this lifelike picture of preacher and congregation
fresh in their minds, let our readers peruse the Sermon on
the death of the Princess Charlotte, or that entitled "The
Lamb of God," aud imagine such a discourse so delivered,
and they will not marvel when told that when Robert Hall
preached "the place of worship was crowded to excess,"
and that men considered the hearing of one sermon cheaply
purchased by the loss of two nights' rest. A writer in
" The Pulpit," who enjoyed the privilege of hearing Mr.
Hall's sermon on the " Power of God," thus describes it:
'' It was, without exception, the most wonderful sermon I ever
heard. Every quality which could have been called intfl exercise
on such an occasion seemed concentrated in this one sermon. Pro-
foundly metaphysical, without bewildering himself or his hearers,
and elegant without the shadow of alTectation — rapid in delivery,
without confusion — energt'tic, without rant — devout, without en-
thusiasm— commanding, without austerity — affectionate, without
cant — argumentative, without pedantry : the whole effect was be-
yond what it is possible to conceive of pulpit eloquence."
Another writer gives us a speaking picture of this great
orator :
" His figure was not commanding: the general cast of his conn-
' tenance was heavy; his voice was feeble and tremulous, and in-
I capable, in itself, of expressing or conveying any deep emotion.
I About action or gesture he was perfectly indifferent; he usually
began in so low a tone as to be scarcely audible ; aud preserved, to
the last, one fixed, though unconstrained, position. As he wfis
warmed with his subject, his countenance became animated, and
his voice, still retaining its character of breezy softness, swelled
into a volume of delightful melody. While he was preaching,
such was the unassuming sinipUiity of his style and manner, and
natural fervour with which he carried his hearers .ilong, that tbi-y
entirely lost tight of the man for the moment. As he approach>-d
the end of his discourse, he became peculiarly animated, though
not declamatory, — his audience were interested, aud.with a rapidity
of utterance which fixed the reporter, like a statue, in admiration,
and frequently defied all attempts at writing, he poured forth the
various stores of his vast imagination, and produced an effect of
which few can conceive who have not witnessed it themselves."
Mr. Bosworth tells us
" When he began, he was usually calm and collected; spealtini:;
in a low tone, and looking onward as he went, as if to survey afresh
the region of thought be was aViout to traverse, but not often giv-
ing an indication of those torrents of eloquence that were soon to
be poured from his lips. Sometimes, at the cnmnieiicenient, ho
hesitated, and seemed perplexed, as jf dis.satisfied with what ha
had intended to say; at others, wbea be was about to establish a
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truth or enforce a general principle, he would enter upon a course
of cle^r and powerful re;iSoning, rendered equally attractive and
astonishing by the delectable purity and beauty of his style. In
this latter case, his sentences were finished with such exquisite
care, that he appeared to hare selected, not merely the most appro-
priate, but the only, words which served his purpose, and yet.
delivered with such freedom and ease, that they seemed the first
which came into his mind. As he proceeded, he increased in ani-
mation and strength of utterance: in the application of the prin-
ciples he had advanced, or the doctrine he had discussed, he grew
more intense and ardent; and when he had risen to a certain pitch
of holy excitement, his brow would expand, his countenance
brighten, and, drawing back his majestic form in the pulpit, he
would come forward again, charged with the fulness of his mes-
sa'^e to his hearers, and address them in tones and language which
made every heart vibrate. But it was not with his lips only that
he spoke— his eloquence was more intellectual and spiritual than
audible sounds could malie it. His speaking eye told volumes:
whether beaming with benignity, or blaziug with intense and hal-
lowed feeling, that eye indicated sentiments and emotions which
■words were not mnd^ to express."
" The richness, variety, and extent of his knowledge are not so
remarkable as his absolute mastery over it. He moves about in
the loftiest sphere of contemplation, as though he were ' native
and endued to its element.' He uses the finest classical allusions,
the noblest images, and the most exquisite words, as though they
were those which came first to his mind, and which formed his
natural dialect. There is not the least appearance of straining
after greatness in his most magnificent excursions, but be ri.ses to
the loftiest heights with a childlike ease. His style is one of the
clearest and simplest— the least encumbered with its own beauty
— of any which ever has been written."— i^roni apaper by Sir T.
N. TalfoutrL on Pulpit Orntory, in the Lmidon Magazine, iQ/ritary,
1821, and quoted in "Th^ Gtori/ian Era,'* i. 405, 466.
A clerical critic tells us that,
"Although Mr. Hall possessed considerable learning, he rarely
displayed it; generally preferring the most simple phrases he could
select, to express his meaning, to those of a less familiar or more
ambitious class. On one occasion, being called upon to conclude
a Service with prayer, after a sermon by Dr. Chalmers, who had
been even more than ordinarily brilliant, he clothed his address
to the Deity with such affecting plainness of style, that the con-
gregation, who had been wrought up to a painful pitch of admira-
tion by the dazzling eloquence of the preacher, felt a delightful
repose in the chaste, natural, tender simplicity of language in
which Mr. Hall embodied his supplications."
The reader will no doubt be pleased to read more upon
this theme:
" The buld diction, the majestic gait of the sentence, the vivid
Illustration, the rebuke which could scathe the offender, the burst
of honest indignation at triumphant vice, the biting sarcasm, the
fervid appeal to the heart, the s;igacious development of principle,
the broad field of moral vision — all these distinguish the composi-
tions of Robert Hall ; and we bear our most willing testimony to
their worth." — Lon. Quarterly Eevifiv.
" His diction displays an unlimited command, and an exquisite
choice, of language. His copious use of Scripture phrases bestows
upon his style an awful sanctity. The same purity of taste which
appears in his choice of words is equally apparent in the forms of
expression into which they are combined. The turn of his phrases
Is gracefully idiomatic. In the construction of his periods, he is,
perhaps, superior to any other writer. He seems to have employed
every elegant and harmonious form of which the language admits;
always gratifying, often ravishing, the ear, but never cloying it."
" The originality with which he views every subject, and the
roaster-hand with which he grasps it, are altogether very remark-
able. He follows in no track of other men ; neither his thoughts
nor his language are borrowed. A prodigious power of memory
in the use of Scripture, an exquisite judgment in the disposition
of his materials, are united with a boldness of conception, and a
creative force of imagination, which stamp an impress of origi-
nality and independence on all his reasonings." — A writer in the
Lon. Christian Observer.
'' I cannot do better than refer the academic reader to the im-
mortal works of Kol>ert Hall. For moral grandeur, for Christian
truth, and for sublimity, we may doubt whether they have their
match in the sacrt^d oratory of any age or country." — Professor
Sedgwick; in ftis Discourse on the Studies of the Cm'versity.
*■ The works of this great preacher are. iu the highest sense of
the term, imaginative; as distinguished not only from the didactic,
but the fanciful. He possesses 'the vision and faculty divine' in
as high a degree as any of our writers in prose. His noblest pas-
sages do but make truth visible in the form of beauty, and 'clothe
upou' abstract ideas until they become palpable in exquisite shapes.
The dullest writer would not convey the siime meaning in so few
words as he has done in the most sublime of his illustrations." —
Sir T. N. Talfodrd: Pulpit Oratory, in Lon. Mag., Feb. 1821.
The same critic remarks that, in the Discourse on the
Prospect of an Invasion by Napoleon. Mr. Hall
*' Blends the finest remembrance oft he an tique world — the dearest
associations of British patriotism — and the pure spirit of the Gospel
—in a strain as noble as could have been poured out by Tyrtajus."
" His mind is little to be envied, if from the perusal of Robert
Uall he do not find himself a more accom]»lished, a wiser, and a
better man." — Church of England Quarti.rl;/ Ifeview.
"The sermons and treatises which he •'iimmitfed to the press
are worthy of his elevated character, and will ever rank among the
choicest .specimens of sacred literature. They show the strength
and beauty of which the English language is capable." — Dr. Wil-
liams's C. P.
" The excellence of Mr. Hall does not consist in the predominance
of any one of his powers, but in the exquisite proportion and har-
mony of all." — Sir T. N. Talfourd: see ante.
"Hall, the most distinguished ornament of the Calviulstic
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dissenters, has long been justly ranked with the highest of our
classics. His sermons are admirable specimens of pulpit eloquence,
not to be surpassed in the whole compass of British theology.
Those which received the author's own imjtrimatur are vastly su-
perior to any that are either taken from his MSS. or supplied from
the notes of shorthand writers." — Lowntles's Brit. Lib.
"Wo iiuote some comparisons instituted between Hall and
other writers. On these expressed opinions we forbear to
make any comment. Some of our readers will unhesi-
tatingly concur with them; others will qualify, and not a
few stoutly contest them.
'• Hall's style is as purely English as Addison's, without its oc-
casional inaccuracy and pervading fulness; as energetic as War-
burton's, without his coarseness, and. we may add. as classical as
Burke's, without his pomp and artjficialness." — Lon. EcUctic Rev.
for 18;i2.
''He is more massive than Addison, more easy and uncon-
strained than Johnson, more sot>er than Burke."— imi. ^aar.
Rev.
Hear Dugald Stewart, in the same strain :
" Whoever wishes to see the English language in its perfection
must read the writings of that great divine, Robert Hall. He
combines the beauties of Johnson, Addison, and Burke, without
their imperfections."
For Hall's opinion of Dugald Stewart, see Memoir by
Dr. Gregory : we have not room for an extract here. If
tbese criticisms savour of extravagance, we think the one
subjoined hardly does Mr. Hall justice :
" Hall is, even in print, much of the orator: although his lan-
guage, with all its richness, betrays, iu his published writings,
symptoms of anxious elaboration. Probably there could not be
cited from him any thing equal in force or originality to some
passages of Foster's, but it would still more certainly be impossible
to detect him indulging iu feeble commonplaces.*'— Spalding :
Hist, of Eng. Lit.
An ardent admirer of Hall declares that
" He had the intellect of an angel, the piety of a saint, and the
humility of a worm."
" One of the most able of modern writers, with a clear, argu-
mentative, powerful, masculine mind, and a correct statement of
evangelical truth; . . . of .':iinilar views in general doctrine to Scott
and Fuller. ... A powerful and faithful writer, excepting his
political pamphlets, which are a beacon to warn ministers from
such subjects. ... A remarkable vigour of intellect and power
of language distinguish his writings." — Bickersteth's C. S.
"In his higher fiights, what he said of Burke might, with the
slightest deduction, be applied to himself. ' that his imperial fancy
laid all nature under tribute, and collected riches from every
scene of the Creation and every walk of art;" [see Burke, in this
volume,] and at the same time, that could be affirmed of Mr. Hall
which could not be affirmed of Mr. Burke,— that he never fatigued
and oppressed by gaudy and superfluous imagery. . . . His inex-
haustible variety augmented the general effect. The same images,
the same illustrations, scarcely ever recurred."— Dr. Gregory.
" It is to be observed that imagination had always been a sub-
ordinate faculty in his mental constitution. It was never of that
prolific power which threw so vast profusion over the oratory of
Jeremy Taylor or of Burke ; or which could tempt him to revel,
for the pure indulgence of the luxury, as they appear to have
sometimes done, in the exuberance of imaginative genius. _ As a
preacher, none of his contemporaries who have not seen him in
the pulpit, or of his readers in another age. will be able to con-
ceive an adequate idea of Mr. Hall. . . . He displayed in a most
eminent degree the rare excellence of a peifect conception and
expression of every thought, however rapid the succession."—
John Foster.
"We know no one whose style is so strictly after the classic
model. Like the ancient statuai-y, its high finish proves that it
must have been elaborated; but all art is hidden." — A contributor
to the Church of Irehnid Mag.
" His published sermons will always be ranked amongst the
finest specimens of pulpit eloquence ever given to the world. And
yet the unanimous testimony of all who heard him is that his
"discourses when spoken in the fervid glow of imagination and
when the mind was full of the subject, were far superior to what
was afterwards recorded from his own memory or the notes of
others." — Dr. Jamjeson: Cyc. of Mod. Re!. Biog.
'•In the eloquence of the pulpit, Robert Hall comes nearer
Massillon than either Cicero or -Eschines to Demosthenes." — Lord
Brougoam.
See also an essay on Pulpit Eloquence in Lord Broug-
ham's contributions to the Edin. Review, i. 100. And seer
articles in the Eclec. Rev., iv. s. xv. 169 j N. Brit. Rev.,
iv. 54; N. Amer. Rev., Ixiv. 38-1. See also John Greene's
Reminiscences of Robert Hall, and sketches of his Ser-
mons preached at Cambridge prior to ISOfi, Lon., 1832,
8vo; also. Hall's Miscellaneous Works and Remains, 1846,
sm. 8vo, and GilfiUan's 1st and 3d Galleries of Literary
Portraits.
'* Mr. Hall, like Bishop Taylor, has the eloquence of an orator,
the fancy of a poet, the acuteuess of a schoolman, the profound-
ness of a philosopher, and the piety of a saint."— 2>r. Farr's
Spital Sermon.
We conclude this imposing array of distinguished com-
mendations by the testimony of Hall's attached friend
and sincere mourner, Sir James Mackintosh. From this
accomplished person a biography of Hall was expected,
when—" what shadows we are .'"—Sir James was gathered
to his fathers, and became himself the theme of an epitaph
and the subject of the biographer's pen !
HAL
HAL
"His sermons are distinguished by solid rtnd profound pbilo-
Eophy. and breathe a spirit of humility, pit-ty. and charity, worthy
of that pure and divine relij^ion tn the defence of which the
author has consecrated his talents. Ilis eloquence is of the highest
Older, the natural effusion of a fertile iaiaL'in.ition and of an
ardent mind, while his style is easy, various, and animated. On
a review of all his various excellencies, we cannot hut expect with
confidence that the name of Robert Ilall will be placed by pos-
terity among the best writers of the :ige. as well as the most
vigorous defenders of religious truth, and the briy;htest examples
of Christian charity."
There Lave been several publications of portions of Hall's
works, and a number of collective editions. Works, with
a Memoir of the author by Dr. 0. Gregory, and Observa-
tions on his character as a preacher, by John Foster, Lon.,
1831-33, 6 vols. 8vo ; 1S39, 6 vols. 8vo ; 1845, 6 vols. Svo ;
1846, 6 vols. fp. Svo; 11th ed., 1853, 6 vols. Svo. Con-
tents: Vol. I. Sermons ; Charges; Circular-Letters. 11.
Works on terms of Communion ; Difference between
Christian Baptism and the Baptism of John ; Reply to
Kinghorn, being a Further Vindication of Free Com-
munion. III. Christianity Consistent with Love of Free-
dom ; Apology for the Freedom of the Press ; On the
renewal of the Charter of the East India Company; Ap-
peal in behalf of the Frame-work Knitters' Fund ; Reply
to Objections against this Society ; Slavery in the West
Indies ; Fragments ; Christian in opposition to Party
Communion ; Miscellaneous Pieces. IV. Articles from the
Eclectic Review; Miscellaneous Pieces. V. Notes of
Sermons; Letters. VI. Memoir by Gregory; Hall's Cha-
racter, by Foster; Sermons; Index.
"Are there any of you, my readers, who have not read the Life
of Robert Hall? If so, * when found, make a note of it.' Never
mind your theological opinion, orthodox or heterodox — send for
Robert Uall ! It is the life of a man that it does good to man-
hood itself to contemplate."' — Sii' E. Buhvcr Lytton's CaxUms, vol.
ii. p. 1-21.
Hall, S. R,, of the Seminary for Teachers, Andover.
1. The Instructor's Manual, Bost.. 1851. 16mo. 2. Leets.
on Education, Lon., 12mo. 3. Geography for Children,
X. York, ISmo.
Hall, S. S., Counsellor-at-Law. N. Orleans. Bliss of
Marriage; or, How togetaRich Wife, N. Orleans, 1858, 12mo.
Hall, Samuel Carter, editor of the Art Journal,
b. at Topsham, Devon, in 1800. has edited The Book of
Gems, The Book of British Ballads, Royal Gems from the
Galleries of Europe, Baronial Halls, &.C., but is best known
by his share in au illustrated work on Ireland, written in
conjunction with his wife. See Hall, Mas. Samcel
Carter, No. 11.
•' We may say, on the whole, that the literary, legendary, and
antiquarian portions of the work are compiled with laudable dili-
gence ; the illustrations are, for the most part, clear and interest-
ing; and the statements and opinions are in general as sensible,
candid, and trustworthy, as could be expected from writers who
feirly confess their unwillingness to say any thing discreditable
to the country and the majority of its people." — Lon. Quar. Eev.,
Sept 1849.
Mr. Hall was formerly the editor of The Amulet, The
New Monthly Magazine, and The British Magazine. He
has assisted Mrs. llall in several works, in addition to the
one above noticed.
Hall, Mrs. Samuel Carter, formerly Miss Ann
Maria Fielding, wife of the preceding, is a native of
Wexford, Ireland, but removed to London at the early age of
fifteen. As a graphic delineator of Irish peculiarities, and
a skilful painter of those domestic experiences which are
much alike among all nations, Mrs. Hall has acquired
great reputation. The following are her principal works :
1. Sketches of Irish Character, 1829, r. Svo; 1844, r. Svo;
1846, r. 8vo; 1849, r. Svo; 1854, Svo. 2. Chronicles of a
School-Room. 1S30, 12mo. 3. Sketches of Irish Character:
Series Second, 1831; see No. 1. 4. The Buccaneer; a
Novel, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo ; 1849. fp. Svo. 5. Tales of
Woman's Trials, 1834, r. Svo; 1846, r. Svo; 1852. Svo.
6. The Outlaw; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1S48, fp.
Svo. 7. Uncle Horace; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8.
Lights and Shadows of Irish Life, 1S38, 3 vols. p. Svo.
9. Marian ; or, A Young Maid's Fortunes, 1S40, 3 vols. p.
Svo; 1847, 12mo. 10. Tales of the Irish Peasantry, 1840.
Svo. 11. Ireland, its scenery, character, Ac, 1841-43,
3 vols. imp. Svo. See Hall, Samuel Carter. 12. The
White Boy ; a Novel, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 13. Midsummer
Eve ; a Tale of Love, 1847, Svo. 14. Pilgrimages to Eng-
lish Shrines, 1S50, Svo. 15. Popular Tales and Sketches :
IS Tales, now first collected for the '* Amusing Library,"
1856. As stated in the preceding article, Mrs. Hall has
published several works in conjunction with her husband.
!"jhe has also written several minor dramas, of which the
first — the French Refugee — was brought out with great
FAiCcess in London in 1837. Mrs. Hall has also been a large
contributor to the periodicals of the day. We quote some
opinions respecting the merits of this popular writer:
".Mrs. Hall has already shown her fitness for the task by an in-
timate acquaintance with that class of Irish life which affords the
animated portion of her descriptions. She paints the peasantry
and working-cLtsses of the country with fidelity, and her pen is
powerfully assisted by the productions of the pencil which she
has called to her aid."' — Lon. AthencEum. : notice of Skeiclies of
Irish Character.
"The Irish Sketches of this lady resemble considerably Miss
Mitford's beautiful En^^lish sketches in Our Village; hut they are
more vigorous and picturesque, and brij^ht with an animated and
warm nationality, apologetic and defensive, which Miss Mitford,
writing of one class of English to another, had no occasion to use."
— Bhickumnd's Mag., vol. Ixxvii.
"Mrs. Hall is really a charming writer; and her Irish stories
more especially — not at all like Miss Kdgeworth's Tales or Crofton
Croker's Fairy Legends, both admirable in their way — are full of
life and character, with that mixture of humour and pathns
which seems the native temperament of the children of Erin." —
Lo7i. Eclectic Kev.
" In her Irish stories Mrs. Hall excels. Her rustic maidens are
copied from the cottage; nothing can be more faithful and lively :
nor are her hinds and husbandmen anything inferior. We no-
where see the Irish character more justly or so pleasantly repre-
sented. She sees Nature in her proper dimensions ; there is fancy,
but no exaggeration, and life always." — Allan Cun>"1>gh.uj : Bi'jg.
and Crit. Htif. of Lit. of the La^t 'Fifty Ymrs.
'•There is about them [Tales of Woman's Trials] a still, and a
solemn, and a holy, beauty that is worthy of the sacred subject
which they illustrate; and what subject is better fitted to appeal
to every generous sympathy, to every tender emotion, of man's
nature? What subject better fitted to be delineated by woman's
pen?"— Z>uW. Univ. Mag., vii. a)5-213.
"Whatever expectations the name of Lights and Shadows of
Irish Life may excite in the reader from its resemblance to the
name of the exquisite volumes on Scottish Life which bear a simi-
lar title, it is not too much to say they \\ill be satisfied." — Ibid.^
xii. 218-225.
It is indeed high praise which has been awarded to thia
lady, that
" There is. also, in every thing she has published, the still higher
merit — and without which all other pretensions to praise are worse
than indifferent — of belonging to the most unexceptionable school
of morals. She never tries to enlist our sympathies on the side of
vice." — Duhl. Univ. Mag., xvi. 146-147.
See this notice of Mrs. Hall's writings, accompanied by
her portrait; see also same periodical, vols. vii. 205-213;
xii. 218-225; xiv. 477— 179. And see a notice of Mrs. Hall,
accompanied by a portrait, in Fraser's Mag., xv. 718 ; Lon.
Month Rev. fur May, 1S31 : Lon. Athenseum. 1842, p. 18S.
HallyMi'S. 8arah, 1761-1830. a lady of great virtues
and accomplishments, a native of Philadelphia, was a
daughter of the Rev. John Ewing, D.D., for many years
Provost of the University of Pennsylvania and Pastor of
the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. In 1782
Miss Ewing was married to Mr. John Hall, of Maryland,
and after this event resided alternately in the latter State
and in Philadelphia, with the exception of four years
passed in Lambertou, New Jersey. Mrs. Hall is best
known as the author of Conversations on the Bible, of
which four edits, were pub. in this country and one or two
in London; 1st edit., 1818, ISmo. A 2d vol. was added
and ihe whole issued in 1821, 2 vols. ISmo; 5th ed., 1837,
12mo, pp. 360. This volume has been highly commended :
"This work is written with that ease and simplicity which be-
longs to true genius, and contains a fund of information which
could only have been collected by diligent research and mature
thought."'— I*ROFESSon John S. Hart, of Philo/lelphia.
Mrs. Hall was a contributor to the Portfolio, of which
her son, John E. Hall, was for more than ten years the
editor; and her essays and criticisms pub. in that peri-
odical
" May readily be distinguished, as well by their vivacity as the
classic purity of their diction." — Mrs. S. J. Hale.
A small vol., containing selections from her miscella-
neous writings, was pub. in Philadelphia in 1S33, r. ISmo,
by her son, Mr. Harrison Hall. This vol. contains a
sketch of her life, to which we must refer the reader for
further information respecting this accomplished woman,
brilliant writer, and devout Christian. See also Hart's
Female Prose Writers of America; Mrs. Hale's Records
of Women ; Duyckincks* Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Four of Mrs. Hall's sons form the subjects of notices in
this Dictionary: — 1. Harrison Hall. 2. JroGE James
Hall. 3. John E. Hall. 4. Thomas Mifflin Hall.
Hall, Sidney. 1. General Atlas, 53 maps. New ed.,
Lon., 1855, fol.
'' The best and most recent authorities are in all cases consulted,
and the maps are engraved in a masterly manner." — Lon. New
Month. Mag.
2. County Atlas. New «d., 1S46. 3. Travelling County
Atlas, 1851.
"The best we have seen for neatness, portability, and clever
engraving." — Westminster Rev.
4. First or Elementary Atlas, 1849, 4to. Mr. Hali en-
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II AL
graved the maps of E. Quin's Ilistorical Atlas, 4th ed.,
1853, r. 4to.
Hall, Thomas, 1010-1665, a native of Worcester, a
Puritan divine. Curate of King's-Norton, pub. several
theolog. works and translations, and strictures on the cus-
toms of the day, of which the following are among the
best known : — 1. The Loathsomeness of Long ILiir; with
an Appendix against Painting, Spots, Naked Backs and
Breasts, tic, Lon., 1654, 8vo. 2. Vindicia? Literarum,
1654, '55, 8vo. 3. Comment, on the 3d and 4th Chap, of
the 2d Epist. of Timothy. 1C58, ful.
" Klaborate and judiciouB : the sum of nigh tliirty years' study."
— Calamt.
4. FvnebriaFlorlEe; or, The Downfall of Ma.y-Games,&c.,
1660, '61, 4to. 5. Comment, on Hosea xiii. 12-16. 6. Com-
ment, on Matt. V. 14, 1060, 4to.
Hall, Thomas. Serms., 1742-59.
Hall, Thomas. Poems, 1792. &c.
Hall, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799,
1800.
Hall, Thomas Mifflin, lost at sea in 1828, a son of
Mrs. Sarah JIall. and a brother of Harrison, James, and
John E. Hall, (see autt^.) contributed a number of poetical
and scientific pieces to The Port-Folio.
Hall, Timothy, d. 1690, consecrated Bishop of Ox-
ford, 16,s8. 1. Serm., 1684, 4to. 2. Serm., 1689, 4to.
Hall, \V, Serm., in CathoHck Serms., ii. 183.
Hall, \V. J. 1. Doctrine of Purgatory, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
"This is a work of much ability, erudition, nnd clear arrange-
ment.— a most acute, able, and unsparing exposure of error." — Lon.
Churchman's Hev.
2. Family Prayers, 1847, '48, 8vo.
Hall, Willard. Laws of Delaware to 1829, inclu-
sive, Wilmiug., 1829, Svo.
Hall, Wm. To find the Longitude. Lon., 1714, Svo.
Hall, Wm. Halo of the Moon, Trans. Soc. Edin.,
1796, and in Nich. Jour., 1799.
Hall, Wm. Costs at Law in Equity and Pari., Lon.,
1828, 8vo.
Hall, Capt. Wm, H., R.N., and W, D. Bernard.
The Nemesis in China, comprising a Hist, of the AVar in
that country ; 3d ed., Lon., 1848, p. Svo.
"Captaiu Hall's narrative of the services of the Nemesis is full
of interest, and will, we are sure, be valuable hyrcjifter, as afford-
ing most curious materials for the history of steam navigation."—
Lon. Quar. Hfv.
''This is the most important publication that has appeared
reepecting our late contest with China."— ioH. Naval and Military
Gaz'Ve.
Hall, Wm. Henry, d. 1807, compiled an Encyclo-
pafedia, and was the author of several other works.
Hall, Wm. W., M.D., b. 1810, at Paris, Kentucky,
grad. at Centre Coll., 1830 ; received the degree of M.D. at
Transylvania Univ., 1836. 1. Treatise on Cholera, Svo.
2. Bronchitis and Kindred Diseases, 8th ed., N. York,
1853, Svo. Dr. Hall is the editor of the Journal of Health
which bears his name.
Hallam, Arthur Henry, lSll-1833. a grandson of
Sir Abraham Elton, and a son of the distinguished author of
A View of the State of Eurojic during the Middle Ages, Ac,
was born in London, graduated at Trin. Coll., Cambridge,
1832, entered the Middlu Tenijile, and died in Germany in
September, 1S33. An interesting biographical sketch of this
gifted young man, written by his father, is prefixed to The
Kemains, in Verse and Prose, of Arthur Henry Hallam,
Lon., 1834. Privately printed. Mr. Hallam wits betrothed
to a sister of the poet Tennyson, and the In Mtmon'um of
the latter is a dirge for the departed. See estimate of the
literary character of young Hallam in the North British
Review, xiv. 261 ; Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1852 : 353 ; Black-
wood's Mag., xxxviii. 738. See also Lockhart's Life of
Scott for a specimen of young Ilallam's poetical powers.
Hallam, Henry, LL.D., one of the most distin-
guished of modern authors, was born about 1778, and was
educated at Eton and Oxford. After leaving college he
settled in London, which has ever since been his principal
place of residence. He was a valued friend of Sir Walter
Scott, and the two were engaged about the same time as
contributors to the Edinburgh Review. As a zealous co-
operator with William Wilberforce in the abolishment of
the Slave Trade, Mr. Hallam gained great and deserved
reputation. Mr. Hallam is a Foreign Associate of the
Institute of France. In 1830 he received one of the two
fifty-guinea gold medals instituted by George IV. for emi-
nence in historical cumposition. The other was awarded
to our celebrated countryman, Washington Irving. Mr.
Hallam is the author of three great works, either of which
is of sufficient merit to confer upon the author literary
immortality.
76a
1. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages,
Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 4to ; 10th ed., 1853, 3 vols. Svo; 11th
ed., 1855, 3 vols. cr. Svo. In these edits, the Supple-
mental Notes pub. in an octavo vol. in 1S48 have been
incorporated with the original work, partly at the fuot of
the pages, partly at the close of each chapter,
"It is the object of the prt-scut work to eshiljit, in a series of
historical dissertations, a comprehfusive survey of the chief cir-
cumstances that can interest a philosophical inquirer durinj^ the
period usually denominatfd the Middle Ages. Such an under-
taking must necessarily tall under the class of historical abridg-
ments: jet there will perhaps be found euouj;h to distinguish it
from such as have already appeared." See Preface to Fii-st Edition.
Mr. Hallam's View comprises the period from the middle
of the fifth to the end of the fifteenth century: from the
establishment of Clovis in Gaul to the invasion of Italy by
Charles the Eighth.
"It would be difficult to appreciate exactly the merits, and in-
vidious to pointout the defects, of the numerous precursors of Mr.
Hallam in this branch of historical investigation. It is sufficient
to remark that the plan of his work is more extensive than that
of our countryman. Dr. Ilobertson, its arrangement more strictly
historical, its views more comprehensive, and its information more
copious and critical. Sir. Hallam appears to have bestowed much
time and reflection on his subject. . . . To a familiar acquaintance
with the early chronicles and ori'^inal histories of the IJarbariaus,
Mr. Iliillam has added a diligent examination of their laws; and
wherever records throw their steady and certain light on the pro-
gress of events, he has consulted them with care. ISut it is not
the labour and industry employed by Mr. Hallam in the composi-
tion of this work, nor even the valuable and interesting informa-
tion it contains, that constitute its chief or peculiar merit. It is
written throughout with a spirit of freedom and liberality that do
credit to the author. A firm but temperate love of liberty, an
enlightened but cautious philosophy, form its distinguished ex-
cellence. We never find the author attempting to palliate injus-
tice or excuse oppression: and whenever he treats of popular
rights, or pronounces on the contentions of subjects with their
sovereigns, we meet with a freedom and intrepidity of discussion
that remind us of b»tter times. liut, thoui^h a decided enemy to
the encroachments of arbitrary power, Mr. Ilallam is no infatuated
admirer of antient turbulence nor blind apologist of popular ex-
cesses. If, indeed, there is any quality of his work that merits
our unqualified approbation, it is the spirit of fairness and im-
partiality that pervades the whole. We have sometimes found
him careless, and have sometimes thought him in the wrong; but
we have not met with an uncandid misrepresentation, an ungene-
rous sentiment, or a narrow-minded prejudice, in his book." —
Edin. Jfev., xxx. 140-172.
" Mr. Ilallam has not made his work so much a regular history
as a characteristic portraiture of the times to which it refers. It
has not the sterile dryness of an abridgment, though it does not
possess the fertile copiousness of a circumstantial narrative: but
it is instructive, luminous, and animated ; and it may be perused
with profit as well as amusement." — Lon. Month. Hev., Ixxxvii. 1-
14, 13ti-150.
'■The most complete and highly-finished of his valuable works.
It is a series of finely-drawn historical sketches." — N.Am£r. Rev.
"An able and interesting performance, connected in a good
measure with our earlier history. . . . His work is a sort of intro-
duction to the earlier histories of the ensuing countries, [France,
Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany,] and should be read with
promptitude and diligence by every one interested in such studies.
The notes are full of erudition." — Dibdijt's Lib. Gomp., ed. 1S25.
"The State of Europe during the Middle Ages is full of in-
formation for all who desire to be informed of the political and
social condition of those kingdoms and states which arose out of
the ruins and ashes of the empire of Rome. To show order
emerging from confusion, the decisions of law taking place of
those of violence and passion, and a line of defence raised to pro-
tect the weak and the peaceable against the strong and the tyran-
nous, was the task which Hallam assigned to himself; and he has
accomplished all he undertook." — Allan Cunningham^s Crit. and
Biog. ili^t. of the Lit. nf the Last Fifty Years.
" All the subjects that have been glanced at in these earlier
lectures are there [in Hallam's work on the Middle Ages] tho-
rouirhly considered by this author with all the patience of an
antiquarian and the spirit and sagacity of a philosopher: the
French history, — the feudal system.— the history of Italy.— the
history of Spain,— the history of Germany, — of the Greeks and
Saracens. — the history of ecclesiastical power, — the constitutional
histoi-y of England, — the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Norman, —
afterwards to the end of the civil wars between the Roses, — with
a concluding dissertation on the state of society during the Middle
Ages. I should have been saved many a moment of fatigue, some
almost of despair, if these volumes had appeared bepDre I began
my Lectures."— Pro/. Smyth's Lets, on Mod. mst.: Led. VJII.
"Mr. Ilallam's View of the State of Furope during the Middle
Ages is indispcnsabU to the historical student.'' — Warren's La%o
Studies.
" A work of profound research, and displaying a free and vigor-
ous spirit of inquiiy and criticism." — Chancellor Kent.
"The learned author, in his View of the State of Europe during
the Middle Ages, investigates, with great ability, the origin and
progress of the English Constitution, commencing with the Anglo-
Saxons, and carried down to the extinction of the House of Plan-
tagenet. Vide vol. iii. chap. viii. His work entitled The Con-
stitutional History of England from the accession of Henry VII.
to the death of George II. is the sequel of that history through
a much more important period; the whole of which forms a more
thorough, learned, and impartial view of the subject than is else-
where to be found. These two works ought to be in every law-
j yer's library, and merit to be studied, not merely read." — MoJ'man't
I Le^. Stu.
HAL
HAL
*• Notwithstandinfi tho iut^resting character of the Aragonese
Constitutiou, and the amjiliiuJe of materials for its history, the
subject has been hillierti> iir-^'lected. as far as I am aware, by cou-
tinental writers. Iti.ib(:rr(siin and Ilallam. more especially the latter,
have given such a view of ils pn'miiu-iit Iratures to the English
reader, as must, I fear, deprive th.' skt-tiii w bich 1 have attempted.
in a great degree, of novelty." — AVm. H. ruKscoTT: Ftrdinand and
IsabdiUi 11th ed.; Ititroduc. to vol. i. 124.
"Do you know Ilallam? Of course, I need not ask you if you
have read his Middle Ages? It is an admirable work, full of re-
search, and does Ilallam honour. 1 know no one capable of having
written it, except him; for, admitting that a writer cnuld be found
who could briug to the task his knowledge and tak'uts, it would
be difficult to find one who united to these bis research, patience,
and perspicuity of style. The retlections of Hallani areat once just
and profound, bis language well chosen and impressive. I remem-
ber being struck with a passage, where, touching ou the Venetians,
he says, ' Too blind to avert danger, too cowardly to withstiind it,
the most ancient government of Europe made not an instant's
resistance. The peasants of Underwald died upou their moun-
tains; the nobles of Venice clung only to their lives.' This is the
style in which history ought to be written, if it is wished to im-
press it on the memory." — Lord Byron : Lady BhssinytoiCs Ojn-
versatifins with Lm-d B.
2. The Constitutional History of England, from the Ac-
cession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II.. 1S27,
2 vols. 4to; 7th ed., 1854, 3 vols. Svo; Sth ed., 18o5, 3 vols,
cr. Svo.
Lord Brougham falls into an error, in commenting on
the principal themo discussed in this work, hardly to be
expected from one who has devoted tso much attentiuu to
its subject-matter. His lordship assigns as one ol" his
principal reasons for entering at large, in his Political
Philosophy, into the earlier stages of the British Cou-
Btitutiou, Mr. Hallam's having commenced his work with
the reign of Henry VII. :
'•His treatise, and that of Lord .Tohu Kussell, have one great
defect in common: — they begin with tbeTudors. Now, it is quite
undeniable that the foundations of our constitution were laid
many centuries before the fifteenth; nor can any one hope tho-
roughly to comprehend it who has not gone back to the earlier
times. I have never been able to understand why those able and
learned authors have both begun with Iltmry VII.''
But had his lordship not forgotten Chapter VIII. of The
Middle Ages ? See Mr. Warren's correction of this grave
error, Law Studies, 2d ed., 269, 270.
In his disquisitions into the theology, the polities, and
the learning of the Middle Ages, Wr. Ilallam was nut
likely to provoke any other criticism than that which was
connected with the subjects discussed without retercnce to
prejudice or party feeling. But he could not write The
Constitutional History of England without soon proving
to himself and to the world that he was walking upon
ashes under which the fire was not extinguished :
" IncL^ens per igues
Suppositos cineri doloso." — lion.: Od. 77., i. 7.
Mr. Southey, in a review extending over no less than
sixty-six pages, rated the historian in no gentle terms for
his real or alleged offences against historic veracity. We
have room for a brief extract only:
*'The book is the production of a decided partisan; presenting
not the history itself, but what is called the philosophy of history,
and to be received with the more suspicion, because it deals in
deductions and not in details. There are many ways in which
history may be rendered insidious; but there is no other way by
which an author can, with so much apparent good faith, mislead
his readers. . . .
* Unto thee
Let thine own times like an old story be,'
is the advice which Donne gives to him who would derive wisdom
from the course of passing events. A writer of contemporary his-
tory could take no better motto. Mr. Ilallam has proceeded upon
a system precisely the reverse of this; and carried into the history
of the past, not merely the maxims of his own age. as infollible
laws by which all former actions are to be tiied. but the spirit .and
the feeling of the party to which he has attached himself, its acri-
mony and its arrogance, its injustice and its ill-temper.'' — Lon
Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 1114-2TO.
It is to this review that Wilberforce refers, when he
says:
" Southey, a bitter critic, and works Ilallam with great acute-
ness and force."
But audi alteram partem. The critique from which we
have just quoted was published in January, 1828, and in
the September following there appeared a pnper of great
brilliancy and power — with its political merits or demerits
we have here no concern — in the Edinburgh Review, the
production of one who has since himself gained a great
name in the walks of History. It will be seen that his
estimate of Mr. Hallam's honesty as a historian is very
difi'erent from that recorded by Mr. Southey:
'* Mr. Ilallam is, on the whole, far better qualified than any other
writerof our time for the office which be has undertaken. He has
great industry and great acuteness. His knowl-rige is extensive,
various, and prot'mnd. His miud is eiiually distinguished by the
amplitude of its grasp, and by the delicacy i-f ils tart. His specu-
lations have nolle of that vagueness which is (he common fault of
49
political philosophy. On the contrary, they are strikingly pr.ictical.
They teach us not only the general rule, but the mode of applying
it to solve particular cases. In this respect they often remind us
ofthe Discourses of Machiavelli His work is eminently judicial.
Its whole spirit is that of the bench, not that of the bar. He sums
up with a calm, steady, impartiality, turning neither to the right
nor to the left, glossing over nothing, exaggeiating nothing, while
the advocates ou both sides are alternately biting their lips to he-ar
their conliicting mis-statements and sophisms exposed. On a
general survey we do not scruple to pronounce the Constitutional
History to be the most impartial book that we ever read."^T. B.
Macaulay: Edin. Rev., xlviii. yO-li39.
The following testimony to the same effect, from a very
eminent authority, should not be omitted in this con-
nexion :
".All. Hallam's Constitutional History of England I must ear-
nestly recommend, for it is a work of great research, great ability,
great impartiality, often of very manly eloquence; the work of an
enlightened lawyer, an accomplished scholar, and a steady assertor
of the best interests of mankind. It is a source of great satisfac-
tion to me that such a work exists, for every page is full of state-
ments and opinions on every topic and character of consequence
since the reign of Henry the Seventh: and these sentiments and
opinions are so learned and well reasoned, that I am quite gratified
to think that the student can now never want a guide and an in-
structor worthy to conduct and counsel him in his constitutiona]
inquiries. Mr. Ilallam is, indeed, a stern and severe critic, and the
student may be allowed to love and honour many of our patriots,
statesmen, and divines, in a more warm and unqualified manner
than does Mr. Hallam; but the perfect calmness of ■\Ir. Hallam's
temperament makes his standard of moral and political virtue
high, and the fitter on that account to be presented to youthful
minds.
"There are objectionable pas.saijcs, and even strange passages,
more particularly in the notes; but they are of no consequence in
a work of so vast a range, and of so much merit. And Mr. Hallam
luay have given offence, which could never have been his inten-
tion, to some good men, to whom their establishments are natu-
rally so dear; but I see not how this was to be avoided, if he was
to render equal justice to all persons and parties, all sects and
churches, in their turn. — and if he was to do bis duty, as he has
nobly done, to the civil and religious liberties of his country."—
Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod.. Hist., 1S28.
A great historian of our own country pays the following
high compliment to Mr. Hallam's treatment of one of the
principal characters of his History :
''The unprejudiced reader may perhaps agree that the bal.ance
of this great queen's [Elizabeth] good and bad qualities is held
with a more steady and impartial hand by Mr. Hallam than any
preceding writer."— Wm. H. I'iiescott : Firdinand a/id Isabella, 11th
ed.. iii. 201.
The value of Mr. Hallam's work to the legal student
need hardly be enlarged upon; but here we shall adduce
an authority which will be more valued than our own :
♦'No one can understand or appreciate this admirable work, who
has not, before entering upon it, become familiar with at least the
leading events of Eugli.«h history; and no one has made any sen-
sible advances towards the enviable character of a sound constitu-
tional lawyer, who is not thoroughly familiar with the work. Not
that it is altogether free from erior ; but where is to be found any
other political author exhibiting such a rare union of candour,
learning, and sagacity, as characterizes this bold and independent
writer?"— llT()Te«'5 Law Studies, 2d ed., 2G8, 269.
See Allan Cunningham's Crit. and Biog. Hist, of the
Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
3. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in Fifteenth,
Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries. 1837-39, 4 vols. Svo;
4th ed., 1854, 3 vols. Svo; 5th ed., 1S55-56, 3 vols. cr. Svo.
In the 4th ed. the test was revised, and such errors as the
author discovered were removed. The few additional notes
are distinguished hy the dates of the publications of the
different edits, in the years 1842, '47, and '53.
"The adv.intages of such a synoptical view of literature as dis-
plays its various departments in their simultaneous condition
through an extensive period, and in their mutual dependency,
seem to manifest to be disputed." — Preface.
Mr. Hallam then proceeds to give a rapid sketch of tho
bibliography of Literary History.
"The most important single volume that it has for some years
been our duty to comment on. By this specimen [vol. i.] Mr. Hal-
lam will confirm the solid and substantial reputation which he had
already gained with all the sound and mature judges of literary
excellence. By his completion of the work with the same care and
in the same spirit, he will enable English literature to boast of the
first fall, impartial, and general view ofthe simultaneous progress
of letters in eveiy part of Europe." — Lo7t. Quar. Rev., Iviii. 29-60;
ascribed to Southey, but incorrectly.
Mr. Prescott, noticing the fact that the English have
made hut slender contributions to the history of foreign
literature, remarks :
"The deficiency, indeed, is likely to be supplied, to a certain ex-
tent, by the work of Mr. Hallam, now in progress of publication;
the first volume of which — the only one which has yet issued from,
the press— gives evidence of the same curious erudition, acuteness,
honest imparfialify, and energy of diction, which distinguish the
other writings of this eminent scholar. But the extent of his
work, limited to four volumes, precludes any thing more than a
survey of the most prominent features of the vast sul ject which
he has undei-faken." — Review of Cftatiauhiand's Enq. Lit., jV. A.
Rev.. Oct. 1S30.
We quote a few notices of the whole work:
769
HAL
HAL
"Tho most important contribution to literary history which
En^rlish libraries have received for many years. . . . That his work
will I-e popular we can hardly predict. . . . We have already sug-
gested sooie defects, to our apprehension, which will materially
impfdu its present success. To these must be added a dry and
austiMf style, uniformly clear, indeed, and English, but stimetiuu-s
cha&tit^ed to a degree of tameness, sometimes, though not often,
laboriously figurative, and loaded with rather heavy ornament.
But most assuredly the reader who does not employ it merely to
fill up the leisure of a few hours, but consults it for guidance, and
refers to its authority, will never use it without an augmented
eense of its value, and respect for its author. He will be struck
with the modest simplicity with which its stores of very extensive
erudition are displayed. He will he struck witli an honesty, even
in the mere conduct of the work, rarely found in publications pre-
tending to any thing hke the same amount of research." — Edin.
Hev., Ixsii. 194-226.
" The subject which he has now treated is one of more general
interest than those discussed in his previous publications; and as
the work was known to embody the labors of many years, it was
received with curiosity and respect, and is likely to establish for
him a wide and enduring reputation. . . . We close with the ex-
pression of gratitude to him for undertaking an important and
difficult task, and of respei-t for the ability, learning, and taste
with which it is executed." — Francis Bowes: N. Amer. Eev., Ivi.
44-S9.
'■ This is a production of the greatest value, and distinguished,
like his other work, [on the Middle Ages,] for research, judgment,
taste, and elegance." — Chancellor Kent. .See Blackwood's Mag.,
Xli. 614; xllx. 150.
No writer can traverse so wide a field of inquiry with-
out offending somebody ; and Bishop Monk, the biographer
of Bentley, to quote his own language, felt himself ** ag-
grieved" by a criticism of Mr. Ilnllam'son his {the bishop's)
notice of Lo Clerc. The correspondence between his lord-
ship and Mr. Hallam on this matter will be found in the
London Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 2, 157-100. A vol. entitled
Literary Essays and Characters; selected from an Intro-
duction to the Literature of Modern Europe, was pub. in
London. 1852, 12mo.
We have now quoted a number of testimonies to the
value of Mr. Ilallam's Literary History ; but we should
display a strange insensibility did we omit to add our
hearty concurrence in the highest commendation which
we have recorded. Undoubtedly many of the most bril-
liant gems of criticism of which our own gallery — the work
now in the reader's hands — can boast, will be found cre-
dited to the distinguished scholar whose name stands at
the head of this article. But, desirous of concluding, as
we commenced and have continued, by offering higher
tribute than our own to the merits of this eminent writer,
and preserving the rule established in our Critical Court
of citing the most competent testimony in each case which
should be presented for judgment, we shall now adduce
the evidence of the historian of Modern Europe, and that
of the author of Ferdinand and Isabella, in favour of the
annalist of the Middle Ages, the Literature of Europe, and
the Constitutional History of England:
"The cold academic style of Robertson may suit the compara-
tive calmness of the eighteenth century, but the fervour and ani-
mation of its close comuiuuicated itself to the historical works of
the next. Hallam was the first historian whose style gave token
of the coming change; his works mark the tninsition from one age
and style of literature to another. In extent and variety of learn-
ing, and a deep acquaintance with antiquarian lore, the historian
of the Middle Ages may deservedly take a place with the most emi-
nent writers in that style that Europe has prc-duced; but his style
is more imaginative than those of his laborious predecessors, and
a fervent elotiuence or poetic expression often reveals the ardour
which the heart-stirring events of his time h;td communicated to
his disposition." — Sir Archibald Alison : Hist, of Eurojie, 1815-
52, chap. V.
"The most eminent illustrations of the system of historical writ-
ing which we have been discussing that have appeared in Eng-
land in the present century are the works of Mr. Hallam, in which
the author, discarding most of the circumstances that go to make
up mere narrative, endeavours to fix the attention of the reader
on the more important features of constitutional policy, employ-
ing his wide range of materials in strict subordination to this pur-
pose."—Wm. n. Prescott: N. Anur. Scv., October, 1829.
The following little piece of pleasantry of Sydney Smith's
can hardly fail to provoke a smile from the amiable reader :
"In his voyage up the Rhine, Campbell met on the steamboat
the historian of the Middle Ages. 'Hallam is a most excellent
man,' said the poet, in one of his letters; 'of great acuteness. and
of immense research in reading. I l>elieve him to have neither
gall nor bitterness; and yet he is a perfect l)oa-contradictor! . . .
His powers of study are like those of the scholars of the Alexan-
drian Academy, whose viscera were alleged to be made of biass.
He baits Sydney Smith himself with his provoking accuracy as to
matters of fact. Smith once said to me, If Uallam were in the
midst of a full assembly of scientific men, and if Euclid were to
enter the room with his Elements under his arm. and were to say,
Gentlemen, I suppose no one present doubts the truth of the
Forty-fifth Proposition of my First Book of Elements,JMr. Hallam
would say. Yes, I have my doubts.'"
Hallam, Robert' A., D.D., Rector of St. James's
Church, New London. Conn. Lects. on the Morning
Prayer, PhiJa., 1Sj6, 12mo. Highly commended.
770
HaUaran,Wni.S.,M.D. Insanity, Ac. Cork.lS10,Svo.
Hallawav, John. Anatomy, Lon., 1565, 4to.
Halle, H. Fraser, Exact Philosophy, Lon., 1S48,
p. Svo.
"A valuable treatise on philosophic reasoning."
Halleck, Fitz-Greene, an eminent American poet,
b. at Guilford, Connecticut, in August, 1795, entered a
banking-house in New York in 1813. and resided in that
city, engaged in mercantile and kindred pursuits, until
1849, when he returned to his native town in Connecticut,
where he now resides. For many years he acted as con-
fidential ngent for John Jacob Astor. Mr. Halleck com-
menced contributing to the papers of the day at an early
age, and, when settled in New York, soon became an as-
sociate of the wits of the town, comprising the *' mob of
gentlemen who wrote with ease." In 1819 he made the
acquaintance of Joseph Rodman Drake, who was so much
pleased with his new friend that he admitted him into
partnership in the composition of the Croker Papers, pub.
in the New York Evening Post. 1819. The history of
these sprightly sallies has been already referred to in our
notice of the senior partner of this literary firm. The
death of his chosen friend and literary colleague was
mourned by Halleck in those exquisitely beautiful lines —
'•Green be the turf above thee,
Friend of my better days!" &c.
In 1821 Mr. Halleck pub. his longest poem, — Fanny, — a
satire upon the literature and politics of the time, in the
measure of Don Juan. In 1S22 and '2.3 the author
visited Europe ; and it is to the reflections engendered by
his travels that we are indebted for the poems on Burns
and Alnwick Castle, which, with Marco Bozzaris and some
other pieces, were pub. in a vol. in 1827. Another edit,
of his poems appeared in 1S36; a third, with Illustrations,
in 1847; and a fourth, with additions to the poem Con-
necticut, in 1852. The table of contents runs as follows:
1. Alnwick Castle. 2. Marco ^ozzaris. 3. Burns. 4. Wyo-
ming. 5. On the Death of Joseph Rodman Drake. 6.
Twilight. 7. Psalm CXXXIL 8. To * * * -*■. 9. The Field
of the Grounded Arms. 10. Red Jacket. 11. Love. 12. A
Sketch. 1.3. Domestic Happiness. 14. Magdalen. 15.
From the Italian. 16. Translations from the German of
Goethe. 17. Woman. IS. A Poet's Daughter. 19. Con-
necticut. 20. Music. 21. On the Death of Lieut. Allen.
22. Fanny. 23. The Recorder.
Epistles, &c. : 1. To Walter Browne, Esq. 2. To * * * *.
3. A Fragment. 4. Song by Miss .... 5. Song for the
Drama of the Spy. 6. Address at the Opening of a New-
Theatre. 7. The Rhyme of the Ancient Coaster. 8. Lines
to her who can understand them. 9. Extracts from an
Unpublished Poem, 10. Notes.
AVhen we state that the thirty-two pieces above enume-
rated arc all contained in a single 12mo vol., in large
print, comprising but about 4000 lines, the point of the
regret so often expressed, that one who can write so well
should write so little, will be immediately understood. It
is certainly not from want of public appreciation that Mr.
Halleck so seldom strikes a lyre from which he evokes
such " eloquent music," fur few American poets have been
so highly lauded by critics, few so often read and ardently
admired in the social circles of the land. The narrowness
of our limits is continually restricting the exercise of our
inclination in the way of quotations ; but we are not wil-
ling to pass by the name of this graceful and elegant
yet at the same time animated and energetic poet, without
a few lines of comment :
'* There is in his compositions an essential pervading grace, a
natural brilliancy of wit, a freedom yet refinement of sentiment,
a sparkling How of fancy, and a power of personification combined
with such high and careful finish, and such exquisite nicety of
taste, that the larger part of them must be regarded as models
almost faultless in the classes to which they belong." — ffmuJoWs
Poets inid Poetry of America.
"The poems of Fitz-Greene Ilalleck. although limited in quan-
tity, are i>erhaps the best-known and most cherished, especially in
the latitude of New York, of all American verses. . . . The school-
boy and the old Knickerbocker both know them by heart. In his
serious poems, he belongs to the same school as Campbell; and in
his lighter pieces reminds us of Beppo and the best parts of Don
Juan. Fanny, conceived in the latter vein, has the point of a fine
lo<'al satire gracefully executed. Burns, and the lines on the death
of Drake, have the beautiful impressiveness of the highest elegiac
Terse. Marco Bozzaris is perhaps the best martial lyric in the
language; Red Jacket the most effecti\e Indi.in ))ortrait; and
Twilight an apt piece of contemplative veise; while Alii"ick Castle
comliines his grave and gay style with inimitable art and admirable
eEFect." — Henry T. Tuclcerman's Sketch of American Litirature.
An exquisite American poet, a most unexceptionable
judge in the premises, ably justifies Mr. Halleck in those
rhythmical inequalities which have sometimes been cen-
sured as inartistic and ungraceful. We give a brief extract :
IIAL
HAL
"He is familiar with those general rules and principles which
are the basis of metriLal harmony; and his own un-.'rring taste
has taught him the exceptions which a proper attention to variety
demands. lie understands that the rivulet is made musical by
obstructions in its channel. In no poet can be found passages
which How with more svreet and liquid smoothness; but he knows
very well that to make this smriothness perceived, and to prevent
it from degenerating into monotony, occasional roughness must
lie intei-posed." — William Cullen Bryant.
'• It may be said of his compositions, as it can be affirmed of few
American verses, that they have a real innate harmony, some-
thing not dependent on the number of syllables in each line, or
capable of being dissected out into feet, but growing in them, as
it were, and created by the fine ear nf the writer. Their senti-
ments, too, are exalted and ennobling; eminently genial and
honest, they stamp the author for a good man and true, — Nature's
aristocracy." — Fraser^s Magazine.
For further particulars re?pecting this delightful writer
and his productions we must refer the reader to the works
above cited : also to Duyckiiieks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. ; Poe's
Literati ; Miss Mitford's RceoUeetious of a Literary Life ;
Whipple's Essays and Reviews ; H. B. Wallace's Literary
Criticisms, 60-63; New Englander, i. 153; South. Lit.
Messenger, ii. 326 ; viii. 242 ; A mer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 399 ;
Knickerbocker, xxvi. 553 ; U. States Lit. Mess., vi. 8 ; In-
ternational Mag., i. 166 ; iii. 433, 434.
The lato Mr. Rogers was an ardent admirer of Mr. Hal-
leck's poetry, and paid a glowing tribute to his genius in
a letter to AVashington Irving, read by the latter at a lite-
rary dinner in New York in 1S37.
New and complete editions of Mr. Ilnlleck's Poems were
pub. in IS.^S, by Messrs. Apjileton, of N.Y.. in 1 vol. 12mo,
and also 1 vol. 8vo, illustratdl.
Halleck, Lt. H. W. Elements of Military Art and
Science, N. York, 1846, 12mo.
Hallet, Dr. Aurora Burealis ; Phil. Trans., 1726.
Hallet, Joseph, Jr., 1692-1744, an Arian divine,
pub. answers to the deistical arguments of Chubb, Woolston,
and Morgan, — see Leland's Deistical Writers, — and several
other works, of which the best-known are 3 vols., 1729,
'32, '36, on the Study of the Holy Scriptures, tte.
'•Whether the reader shall agree or differ with II:ilIet in many
of the views which are stated and defended in these volumes, he
wiU not deny their author the praise of deep l.juniing, patient re-
search, and originality of mind." — Orme's Bihl. Bib.
Hallett, Robert. Use of Tobacco-Water in pre-
serving Fruit-Crops, by destroying Insects, ic. ; Nic. Jour.,
1808.
Halley, Edmnud, LL.D., 1656-1742, an eminent
mathematician and astronomer, a native of Ilaggerston,
Shorediteh, liondon, was educated at St. Paul's School,
and at Queen's College, Oxford. In 1703 he was appointed
Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford, and in 1719
succeeded Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal. In 1676 he
pub. his first paper in the Phil. Trans, on the Orbits of the
Primary Planets; in 1679 he pub. his Catalogue of the
Southern Stars; and in 1683 he gave to the world, through
the medium of the Phil. Trans., his Theory of the Varia-
tion of the Magnetical Compass. In the years 1698-1700
he sailed along the coasts of Africa, America, &q., in order
to test the variation of the needle iu diffcient parts of the
world. For a detailed account of his life and publica-
tions,— upon astronomy, mathematics, nat. philos., tfec. —
we must refer the reader to Biog. Brit. ; Birch's Life of
Tillotson ; Whiston's Life; Athen. Oxon.; Thompson's
Hist, of the Royal Society ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. : an article
by Sir David Brewster in Rich's Cyc. of Univ. Biog. The
Rev. J. S. Rigaud pub., in 1844, A Defence of Edmund
Ilalley against the Charge of Religious Infidelity : see
Newton, Sir Isaac, p. 1418. Halley excelled in many
departments of learning and scientific research :
'•While we thought theenlogiunxof an astronomer, a naturaliat,
a scholar, and a philosopher, comprehended our whole subject, we
have heen insensibly surprised with the history of an excellent
mariner, an illustrious traveller, an able engineer, and almost a
ttate-iniau." — M. Mairan: ^logt: upon Hallfiy, 1742.
Halley, George, Serms., 1689, '91, *98, all 4to.
Halley, Robert, D.D. 1. Lects. on the Sacraments :
T. Baptism, Lon., 1844, 8vo; IL The Lord's Supper, 1851,
'o3, Svo.
■• To those who should wish to see Cardinal Wiseman's discourses
on this subject refuted in a most masterly manner, we recommend
Dr. Halley's volume." — LffU. }Vatchman.
2. Reply to the Rev. C. Stovel on Baptism, 1844, Svo.
Halliday, Sir Andrew, M.D., d. 1S40, pub. several
profes.^ional and other works, for a list of which, and a
biographical notice of the author, see Lon. Gent. Mag.,
January, 1840. See also Watt's Bibl. Brit. We notice
the following: 1. Memoir of the Campaign of 1815, Paris,
1816, Svo. 2. A Genealogical Hist, of the House of Guelph,
Lon., 1820, 4to. A fragment upon this subject was found
among the papers of Gibbon, the historian. 3. Annals of
the House of Brunswick, 1826, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Annals of
the House of Hanover, 1826, 2 vols. r. Svo. 5. The West
Indies, 1837, Svo.
"Of modest pretensions, but replete with Interesting and instruct-
ive infirmation." — L-m. Athcn(Eum, 1837 : 242.
Halliday, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1749, Svo.
Hallitav, Dr. Euclid, Oxon., 1685, Svo.
Hallifax, Charles. 1. Familiar Letters, 1753. 2. Mis-
cellanies in Prose and Verse, Svo.
Hallifax, James, Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, and
Vicar of Ewell, Surrey. Serms., 1756-71.
Hallifax, Samuel, D.D., LL.D., 1733-1790, a native
of Mansfield, Derbyshire ; educated at Jesus Coll., Camb.,
and Trinity Hall: Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, 1765;
Prof, of Arabic, Univ. Camb., 1768; Regius Prof, of Civil
Law, 1770; Rector of Warsop, 177S; Bishop of Gloucester,
1781 ; trans, to St. Asaph, 1787. 1. Analysis of the Roman
Civil Law, Lon., 1774, 75, Svo; Camb., 1795, Svo. New
ed., by J. W. Geldart, 18.".0, Svo. See AVarren's Law Stu-
dies. 2. 12 Serms. on Prophecies, 1776, Svo. See Brit. Crit.,
0. S., xxvii. 653. Bp. H. pub. a number of other serms.
Hallifax, Wm., D.D. Serm., 1701, 4to.
Hallifax* See Halifax.
HalliAvell, James Orchard, an eminent English
archaeologist, b. 1821, author and editor of many valuable
works, principally illustrative of past ages, and exhibiting
extensive learning and laborious research. Many of Mr.
Halliwell's volumes were privately printed, and in some
cases only 10 to 25 copies were struck otf. 1. Acct. of
Popular Tracts in Capt. Cox's Library, Lon., 1849, Svo.
2. Acct. of the MSS. in Chetham Library, 1842. 3. Acct.
of the only known MS. of Shakespeare's Plays, 1S43, Svo.
4. Ancient Inventories of English Furniture. Ac, lS54,4to.
5. Ancient MSS. in the Public Library, Plymouth, 4to.
6. Ancient Systems of Notation, 1854, 4to. 7. A Neat
Boke about Shakespeare, ttc, 1851, 4to. S. Archseologist:
Journal of Antiquarian Science, Svo. 9. Antiquities, &c.
illustrating the Life and Works of Shake.-peare, 4to.
10. Cat. of the Contents of the Codex Holbrookiauus. 1840,
Svo. 11. Cat. of Proclamatii)ns, Broadsides, Ballads, and
Poems, presented to the Chetham Library by J. 0. Halli-
well, 1851, 4to. 12. Character of Sir John Falstafi^, 1S41,
12mo. 13. Collection of Pieces in the Dialect of Zummerset,
1843. p. Svo. 14. Contrib. toEarlyEng. Lit.,4to. 15. Diet.
j of Archaic and Provincial Words, 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. Svo.
' 16. Early Hist, of Free-Masonry in England, 2d ed., 1844,
p. Svo. 17. Foundation Document of Merton Coll., Oxf.,
I by John Heywond. 1843, Svo. IS. Garland of Shakespe-
riana recently added to the Libraiy of J. 0. H. 19. Gros-
' teste's Castle of Love, 4to. 20. Hist. Coll. Jesu Cantab. ; i
J. Shcrmauno, »fec., Svo. 21. Hist. Sketch of the Provincial
' Dialects of England, 1S47, Svo. 22. Illustrations of the
Hist, of Prices, 4to. 23. Introduc. to Shakespeare's Mid-
I summer's Night Dream, 1S42, 8vo. 24. Jokes of the Cam-
, bridge Cofi'ee-Houses in the 17th Cent., 1842, ISmo,
! 25. Letter'' of the Kings of England, 2d ed., 184S, 2 vols.
p. Svo. 26. Letters on Scientific Subjects tt:nip. Eliz. to
I Charles IL, Svo. 27. Life of William Shakespeare, 1848,
■ Svo. 28. Life of Sir Samuel Morlund, Svo. 29. Lit. of
! the 16th and 17th Cents. 30. Merry Tales of the Wise
Men of Gotham, 1840, p. Svo. 31. Morte Arthurc, from
the Lincoln MS., 4tn. 32. MS. Rarities in Cambridge
Univ., Svo. 33. Norfolk Anthology, 4to. 34. Nugie Po-
! eticee : Select Pieces of Old English Poetry, 1844, 12mo.
35. Nursery Rhymes of England, 5th ed., 1854, p. Svo.
36. Palatine Anthology. 4tn. 37. Poetry of Witchcraft,
1 4to. 38. Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales, 1849, 12mo.
I 39. Rara Mathematica, 2d ed., 1839, 12mo. 40. Reliquia
Antiquae, 2 vols. Svo; in conjunction with Mr. Thomas
j Wright. 41. Shakesperiana: Cat. of the early edits, of
I Shakespeare's Plays, Ac, 1841, Svo. 42. Shakespeare
Forgeries at Bridgewater House, 4to. 43. Shake:s[iearo
' Reliques in the possession of J. 0. H., 4to. 44. Sir John
j Maundeville's Voiage and Travaile. 45. Sydneian Litera-
ture in the Library of J. 0. H., 1854, 4to. 46. The Cou-
! nexion of Wales with the Early Science of England. Svo.
I 47. The First Sketches of the Second and Third Parts of
I K. Henry VI. 48. The Harrowing of Hell, 1840, Svo.
I 49. Theolog. MSS. in the Library of J. 0. H., 1854. 4to.
\ 50. Th« Vernon MSS., 1848, Svo. 51. Torrent of Portugal,
j 1842, p. Svo. 52. Two Essays on Numerieal Calculation,
^ &c., 1839, Svo. bi. Unique Ed. of Sir P. Sydney's Ar-
I cadia, 1854, 4to. b'i. Yorkshire Anthology, 4to.
I We have many testimonies before us to the merits of
I Mr. Halliwell's productions, but want of space compels us
reluctantly to omit them.
771
HAL
HAM
The above list exhibits evidence of no ordinary literary
industry; but the iiutfinum opus of Mr. Ilalliwell remains
to he mentioned. This is a grand edition of The Works
of "William Shakespeare, with a new collation of the early
editions, all the original novels and tales on which the
plays are founded; copious archwological illustrations to
each play ; and a life of the Poet. This magnificent work
is to be completed in 20 folio vols., of which 5 have ap-
peared, (1856,) at a cost of £63. It was .it first settled that
the cost would he £2 2s. each vol., or £42 in all, hut it was
subsequently advanced to £6.3. The edition is limited to
150 copies. The illustrations are to be by. and under the
care of, Mr. F. W. Fairholt. This will he indeed the
noblest monument to the memory of the illustrious bard.
See Lon. Oent. Mag., April, 1855, :)92; June, 1855, 554.
Hallock, Rev. Wni, A, Life and Labours of the
Rev. Justin Edwards. D.D.. N. York, 1856, 12mo.
Halloran, O'. See O'IIalloran.
Halloway, Ilen.jamin. Remarks on Dr. Sharp's
pieces on the words Ellnhim and Bcrith, Lon., 8vo.
Halls, Itobert, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1795.
Ilallwai'il, John. Serm., Lon.. 1775, 8vo.
Hallywell, Hi'iiry, Vicar of Cowfidd, pub. several
theolog. works, of which the best-known is one on witches,
entitled Melampronvea, &c.. Lon., 1681, 8vo. See Lon.
Retrosp. Rev., v. 87-136: 1822.
Halpin, Rev. .lohn Nicholas, 1790-1851, was the
author of some works on Shakspe;ire, Spenser, theological
subjects, Ac, 1811-50. See Lon. tyent. Mag.. Aug. 1851.
Halstead, Robert, a fictitious name under which
Henry, second E;xrl of Peterborough, pub. a work drawn
up by himself and his chaplain, entitled Succinct Genealo-
gies of the noble and .ancient Houses of Alno, or Do AIneto,
Broc of Shephale, Ac., Lon., 1685, fol. See full title and
collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 862. Only 21 copies
were printed: a copy has been sold for £100.
Halsted, Caroline Amelia, d. 1851, an authoress
of some distinction. 1. Life of Margaret Beaufort, Coun-
tess of Richmond and Derljy. Lon., 1839, '45, 8vo. 2. Obli-
gations of Literature to Mothers of England. (Uresham
Prize Essay,) 1840, p. 8vo. 3. Investigation, 3d ed., 1846,
fp. 8vo. 4. Life of Richard IIL, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo.
" \Vt! consider Miss Halsted's work as one of the most interesting
and able pieces of history which has ever been presented to the
world. The research which it manifests is most extensive ; the
arrangement clear and lucid; the style alw.avs animated and pic-
turesque. Many new lights are thrown on the career of Itichai-d,
many new facts elicited, and the injustice of four centuries vindi-
cated by this intrepid and indefatigable champion of historical
truth.'" — Lon. Mdmiwlttan Mufiazinf:.
*'Miss Halsted deserves great credit for her laborious attempt to
vindicate llichard's character, and for the patient care with which
she has sought out and marshalled her authorities." — Lon.AtUe-
nccum.
In this history Miss Halsted concurs with Sir George
Buc, who, as Wood says,
'*Doth make King Richard ITI. an admirable man. and not at
all that man that other histories make him to be." — Alfim. Oxnn.
To these advocates for Richard's character must be
added Horace W.aIpoIe and Sharon Turner.
Halsted, Peter. Two Serms., Lon., 1794, 8vo.
Halsted, Wni. 1. Rep. of Cases in Supreme Ct, of N.
Jersey, 1821-32, Trenton, 1823-31, 7 vols. 8vo. 2. Inde.\ to
the Decis. of the Superior Cts. of N. Jersey, 1843-44, Svo.
Halsy, James. Serm.. Ac. Lon., 1676-78.
Halward, John. Serm., Lon., 1774, Svo.
Haly, Capt. Aylmer, of the King's (own) Infantry.
Military Observations, Lon., 1801, 8vo.
Haly, Wm. W. See Troubat, Francis J.
Halyburtou, Thomas, 1674-1712, a divine of the
Church of Scotland, a native of Duplin, near Perth ; mi-
nister of the parish of Ceres, 1700 ; Prof, of Divinity in
the Univ. of St. Andrew's, 1710. 1. Natural Religion In-
sufficient, Ac, Edin., 1714, 4to; 1798, 8vo. An ed., with
Introduc. by Rev. David Young, 12mo.
" It contains a very able examination of the writings of Lord
Herbert, and demolishes to the jrrouud the strongholds of the
enemies of Revelation." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
••A work of gieat solidity and worth."— i)r. E. Williams's C. P.
*' This elaborate performance." — Leland's Dnstical Writers, q. v.
2. Memoirs of his Life. Continued by James Watson,
Edin., 1715, Svo. With a Pref. by Dr. Isaac Watts, Lon.,
1718, Svo.
" Specially valuable for a minister."— BicA'n-,!(clft's C. fS.
3. The Great Concern of Salvation, Edin., 1722, Svo.
Still highly esteemed. 4. Ten serms. on the Lord's Sup-
per, 1722, Svo. 5. His Works, with an Essay on his Life
and Writings by Robert Burns, D.D., Lon., 1835, Svo.
" No Christian's, and especially no Scottish clergyman's, hbrary
should be without a m^y ."—Scottish Ouardian.
" lie wa.s a man of great piety, bright uatui-al parts, studious
learning, and nnonmmon penetration and judgment." — Dr. TSA.^c
Watts. See bis ^lenioirs.
Halyburtou, VVm. Georgics, Edin., 1782, 8yo.
Ham, Robert. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1713, Svo.
Hambleton, John. Serms. on the 53d of Isaiah,
.The Beatitudes, &c., Lon. 1831, Svo.
'■ Truly scriptural in their character.'" — Lon. Chris. Observ.
Other serms. and theolog. works.
Hamel, Felix John. The Laws of the Customs,
Lon., 1S54, r. Svo.
*' Mr. Ilamt-rs work evinces a thorough intimacy with the learn-
ing of lievenUL- Law.'" — Lfi/. Observer,
Hamersley, Rich. Advice to Sunday Barbers
against Trimming on the Lord's Day, Lon., 1706, Svo.
Hamey, Baldwin. De Juramento Medicorum,
Lon., 1693, 4to.
Hamilton, Marquis of. Declaration and Vindica-
tion of Himself, 1638, 4to.
Hamilton, Lady. Secret Hist, of the Court of Eng-
land from the Accession of George III. to the Death of
George IV., 1832, 2 vols. Svo.
"The only genuine secret history of the period, written by the
sister of the late Duke of Hamilton. It abounds in most inte-
resting sketches of the notabilities of Carlton House and the Pa-
vilion, and admits the reader at once behind the scenes relative
to the tran.s.actions with Queen Caroline, the Countess of Jersey,
Sir Sidney Smith, ic."
Hamilton, Mrs. Housekeeping-Book, Lon., 1853,
'55, Svo.
" Some very sensible advice to young housekeepers is prefixed."
— L'm. Specl'ilcr.
Hamilton, A. Serms., Edin., 1696, 12mo.
Hamilton, Miss A. Novels, 1806-11.
Hamilton, A. G. New Key to unlock every King-
dom, State, and Province in the known world, 12mo.
"Any person possessing the matter that this smaU volume con-
tains may pass through the world as a clever man." — FaUu, Rev.
Hamilton, Captain Alexander. A New Account
of the East Indies, Edin., 1727, 2 vols. Svo; Lon., 1744,
2 vols. Svo. Also in vol. viii. of Pinkerton's Collection
of Voyages and Tra'vels. Capt. H. gives the results of
thirty years' observations in these parts.
" One of the bestof the earlier accounts of India." — McOtdUxh'a
Lit. ofPolit. Ecmi.
Hamilton, Major-Geueral Alexander, 1757-
1804, one of the most distinguished of the soldiers and
statesmen of the American Revolution, was born in the
island of Nevis, of which his mother was a native,
his father being a Scotchman. At the age of fifteen
he w,as entered as a private student in King's (now
Columbia) College. When only seventeen, he pub. a
series of admirable essays on the Rights of the Colonies;
before he was nineteen, he entered the Revolutionary
array as a captain of artillery; in 1777 he became aide-
de-camp to General Washington, with the rank of lieu-
tenant-colonel; in 1780 he was married to the second
daughter of General Schuyler, who survived her husband
half a century ; in 1782 he was elected a member of Con-
gress from the State of New I'ork: in 1786 he was chosen
a, member of the Legislature of New York ; in 1787 he
was a delegate to the Convention which framed the Con-
stitution of the United States: in 1788 he pub., in con-
junction with Madison and Jay, the celebrated essjiys
entitled The Federalist; in the same year he was a mem-
ber of the State Convention of New York, summoned to
ratify the Constitution proposed for tho United States; in
1789 he became Secretary of the Treasury; in 1795 he
applied himself to tho practice of the law in the city of
New Y^ork ; in 1798 he was, at Washington's request, ap-
pointed second iu command of the provisional army,
summoned to repel an apprehended invasion of the French :
on the death of Washington, in 1799, he succeeded to tho
chief command of the army; ou the disbanding of the
army he returned to private life, and practised at the Bar
until 1804, when, on the 12th of June, his life was termi-
nated by a wound received the day preceding iu a duel
with Colonel Aaron Burr.
He was a man of extraordinary intellectual capacity,
and of great firmness and energy of character; and to
no one, with the exception of the illustrious Washington,
are the people of the United States more deeply indebted
for the republican freedom which they now enjoy. His
political essays abound with choice specimens of argumen-
tative rhetoric and logic;il precision. An edit, of his works,
comprising Official Reports. The Federalist, Ac, was pub.
in 1810, 3 vols. sm. Svo. His Official and other Papers,
edited by Francis L. Hawks, D.D., appeared in 1842, Svo;
and in 1851 a carefully-prepared edit, of his Works, pub.
from the original MSS. in the Department of State, and
edited by his sou, John C. Hamilton, was issued iu 7 vols.
HAM
HAM
8vo. The edit, of 1810, 3 rols. sm. 8vo, must accompany
this last edit., as the former contains matter not to be
found in the latter. Memoirs of his Life were jjub. by his
son, John C. Hamilton, in 2 vols. Svo, 1834— iO ,• and Mr.
Coleman pub. in ISO-i, 8vo, a Collection of the Facts and
Documents relative to the death of Major-Ueneral Alex-
ander Hamilton. In Mr. John C. Hamilton's History of
the Republic, &c., vol. i., 1858, 8vo, will be found a sketch
of Hamilton's career. This vol. has been severely criti-
cized. The best-known of his works are the papers en-
titled The Federalist, a collection of Essays on the Ame-
rican Constitution, pub. in 1788, under the signature of
" Publius," in the interval between the publication and
the adoption of the Constitution, and designed to explain
its merits to the people at large. There are eighty-five
of these political essays, and their authorship is distributed
as follows :
By Alexander Hamilton : Nos. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13,
15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, SO, 81, 82, 83, 84, S5. Fifty-one Nos.
By James Madison : Nos. 10. 14, 18, 19, 20, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 62, 63. Twenty-nine Nos.
By John Jay : Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 64. Five Nos.
These celebrated essays have elicited enthusiastic com-
mendation on both sides of the water; and indeed it would
be difficult to exaggerate the merits of The Federalist:
"It ou-^ht to be familiar to the statesmen of every nation."— Pe
TOCQUEVILLE.
"A work which exhibits an extent and precision ofiuformation,
a profundity of research, and an acut«ness of understanding,
which would have done honour to the most illustrious statesmen
of antient or modern times."'— Hiin. Rev., xii. 471 : Review of Bill-
house on Amendment of American Cfmstitution.
" The whole of the letters combined present to us a masterly
commentary on the American Constitution, which ought to be
placed by the side of Blackstone in the library of every English-
man."— Lon. Month. Rev., cxii. 518; Review of (he Federalist.
" It is a work, altogether, which, for comprehensiveness of de-
sign, strength, clearness and simplicity, has no parallel — we do
not even except or overlook those of Montesquieu and Aristotle —
among the political writings of men." — Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 56 :
American Writers, No. 4.
" No constitution of government ever received a more masterly
and successful vindication. I know not, indeed, of any work on
the principles of free government that is to be compared, in in-
struction and intrinsic value, to this small and unpretending
volume of the Federalist; not even if we resort to Aristotle, Cicero,
Machiavel, Montesquieu, Milton, Locke, or Burke. It is equally
admirable in the depth of its wisdom, the comprehensiveness of
its views, the sagacity of its reflections, and the fearlessness, pa-
triotism, candour, simplicity, and elegance, with which its truths
are uttered and recommended. Mr. Justice Story acted wisely iu
making the Federalist the basis of his Commentary."— Chancellor
Ke.vt: Cbni. on Amer. Law, ed. 18.54, i. 256, 257.
We shall now proceed to quote some testimonies to the
merits of Hamilton exclusively, although, indeed, by far
the larger share of each of the eulogies cited above be-
longs by right to him :
" It was from him that the Federalist derived the weight and
the power which commanded the careful attention of the country,
and carried conviction to the great body of intelligent men in all
parts of the Union."— GborgeTicknor Curtis: Hist, of the Cbnsiit.
of the U. States, 1854, vol. i. 417. Read Mr. Curtis's observations
on the edits, of the Federalist.
" His are easily distinguished by their superior comprehensive-
ness, practicalness, originality, and condensed and polished dic-
tion."—R. W. Geiswold ; Life of HamilUm, in The Prose \Vi-iters of
America.
But to proceed with our promised quotations:
"Hamilton must be classed among the men who have best
known the vital principles and fundamental conditions of a
government.— not of a government such as this, (France.) but of a
government worthy of its mission and of its name. There is not
in the constitution of the United States an element of order, of
force, or of duration, which he has not powerfully contributed to
introduce into it and caused to predominate."— 6'«uo£'5 Character
and Influence of Wiishingtmi.
'* Of Hamilton, in an especial manner, T admire your warm and
characteristic eulogy. I have always believed that his title to re-
nown was as great as you have portrayed it. I never knew him;
but I have deemed him a giant among his contemporaries, of whom
it mit'ht truly be said, toto vertice supra pM."— Judge Story to
ChanMlor Kent, Dec.22,1836: Life and Letttrs of Judge Story M.lb^.
"The model of eloquence and the most fascinating of orators.
With all his failings, he possessed a high and ennobled .spirit, and
acquired an influence from his overwhelming talents which death
alone swept away."— Judge Storv : Letter to Mrs. Story, Feb. 7,
1810: Life and LeUa-s, i. 196.
In the letter from which we have just quoted, Judge
Story refers to an interview which he had with Mrs.
Hamilton, — General Hamilton's widow, — in the city of
Washington, and the melancholy feelings thereby excited.
The death of Hamilton is indeed a sad theme, and nothing
can be said in vindication of the fatal step which was the
cause of his untimely removal from patriotic usefulness
and unbounded honours. How long shall the ''public
opinion" of fools, bravoes, and cowards — for of these de-
graded classes nine-tenths of your duellists and their
apologists are composed — have power to terrify such
noble characters as Alexander Hamilton into open and
impious defiance of the laws of God and m.an ? Yet it is
no small satisfaction to know that he deeply regretted his
error, and sought reconciliation with his Maker with
^'unfeigned humiliation and a trembling hope." Imme-
diately before participating in that solemn rite by which
the Church reminds the departing believer of the effectual
atonement once offered for the sins of men, he declared :
'* I have a tender reliance on the mercy of the Almighty through
the meiits of the Lord Jesus Christ."'
He was a careful student of the oracles of Divine Reve-
lation ; and, as the author of this Dictionary was assured
by his respected widow, his Bible still retains the pencilled
indications of the interest excited in his mind by the pe-
rusal of particular passages of the Scriptures.
But we do not feel willing to leave the contemplation
of his memory without some further quotations to the emi-
nent abilities of this illustrious man :
" The name of Hamilton would have honoured Greece in the age
of Aristides. May Heaven, the guardian of our liberty, grant that
our country may be fruitful of Hamiltons, and faithful to their
glory. , . . Virtue so rare, so pure, so bold, by its very purity and
excellence inspired suspicion as a prodigy. His enemies judged
of him by themselves; so splendid and arduous were his services,
they could not find it in their hearts to believe that they were
disinterested." — FiSHER Ames: Sketch of the CItaracter of Alexander
Hamilton, 1804.
In the following sentence Ames is thought to have
admirably expressed the public virtues and social attrac-
tions of Hamilton ;
"It is not as Apollo, enchanting the shepherds with Ms lyre,
that we deplore him ; it. is as Hercules, treacherously slain in the
midst of his unfinished labours, leaving the world overrun with
mon.sters."
" Melancholy, most melancholy news for America — the prema-
ture death of her greatest man, Major-General Hamilton 1 ... His
most stupendous talents, which set him above rivalship, and his
integrity, with which intrigue had not the hardihood to tamper,
held him up as the nation's hope and as the terror of the unprin-
cipled."— Rev. Dr. John M. Mason : Letter to a Friend in Scotland,
Aug. 11. 1S04. And see his Eulogy on Hamilton before the Society
of the Cincinnati, in New York.
"Writing to a European correspondent who had taken some
exceptions to porticos of this Oration in honour of Hamilton, Di-.
Mason remarks as follows in defence of the high position which
he had ascribed to the soldier-statesman of the Revolution :
" ' It is very natural that readers on your side of the water should
suspect the eulogism to be overcharged. So do some among our-
selves; hxd not one loho k7iew him. I knew him well, and I assure
you that what I have said is sober, literal truth. Such a human
being I never saw, and probably never shall see in this world.'
*' In another letter, soon after the calamity of Hamilton's death,
he writes :
" ' The greatest statesman in the Western World, perhaps the
greatest man of the age, has been cut of! in the 48th year of his
age by the nmrderous arm of A'ice-President Burr. The death of
Major-General Alexander Hamilton has created a waste in the
sphere of intellect and probity which a century will hardly fill up.
He has left none like him : no second, no third, nobody to put us
in mind of him. You can have no conception of such a man un-
less you knew him.'
"That the Eulogy of Hamilton as pronounced by Dr. Mason
was not exaggerated in its admiring portraiture is the testimony
of a judicial mind like that of John Marshall. In acknowledging
the receipt of a copy of Dr. M.'s oration, that pure-minded jurist
wrote as follows :
" ' I lament sincerely the loss of the great man whose character
you have drawn so well. While I truly deplore his fate, I may be
permitted to indulge a hope that it may have some tendency to
cast odium on a practice which deserves every censure you have
bestowed upon it.'"
Dr. Mason was engaged for a number of years in pre-
paring materials for a life of Ilamilton, but never com-
pleted his design. See Van Vechten's Life of Dr. Mason,
N. York, 1856.
The marvellous effects of the genius of Hamilton, when
applied to the disordered finances of the young American
republic, exhibit one of the most remarkable evidences of
his pre-eminent abilities :
" At the time when our government was organized we were
without funds, though not without resources. To call them into
action and establish order in the finances. Washington sought for
splendid talents, for extensive information, and, above all, he
sought for sterling, incorruptible integrity. All these he found
in Hamilton." — Gouvernedr Morris: Funeral Oration by the dead
body of Hamilton.
" He smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant
streams of revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of
the Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. The litbled birth
of Minerva from the brain of Jove was hardly more sudden or
more perfect than the financial system of the United States as it
burst forth from the conception of Alexander Hamilton." — Daniel
Webster: Speech at a Public Dinner in New York, Feb. 1831.
The vital energy thus infused into the financial system
of the United States by Hamilton did not expire with the
773
HAM
source fr»m which it drew its life. So far frnm this is the
truth, that, to quote the language of Mr. Gallatin, Secre-
taries of the Treasury have since enjoyeil a sinecure, the
genius and labours of Hamilton having created and ar-
ranged every thing that was necessary for the perfect and
easy discharge of their duties. Indeed, the rapidity with
which Hamilton planned, digested, and executed his de-
signs, was one of his most striking peculiarities:
■■He was capable of intense and etfectual application, lis is
abundantly proved by bis public labours. But be had a rapidity
and rlearness of conception in which he may not have been
e(juallea. One who knew his habits of study said of him, tliat
when he had a serious object to accomplish his practice was to re-
flect on it previouslv ; and, when he had gone throuBh this labour,
he retired to sleep, without regard to the hour of night, and, hav-
ini' slept six or seven hours, be rose, and, having taken strong
coffee, seated himself at his table, where he would remain six,
Beven, or eight hours; and the product of his rapid pen required
little correction for the press.'— W11J.IAM Sullivan: Skelcli of
Hamilton, from the Familiur Letters. ^
'■■Where, among all the speculative philosophers in political
science whom the world has seen, shall we find a man of greater
acuteness of intellect, or more capable of devising a scheme of go-
vernment which should appear theoretically perfect? Yet Hamil-
ton's unquestionable genius fjr pulitical disquisition and con-
struction was directed and restrained by a noble generosity, and
an unerring perception of the practicable and the expedient,
which enabled him to serve mankind without attempting to force
them to his own plans, and without compelling them into his own
views."— Georoe 'flcKNOR CUKTIS : Hist, of the Amcr. Constit., 1861,
Tol. i. 387, 358.
"Among all the remarkable men of the Revolution, we know 01
no one who. for the attributes which usually mark genius, was
more distinguished, lie was endowed with a singularly compre-
hensive mind, which enabled him to originate forms of govern-
ment and systems of administiation, whilst he united with it an
intrepidity and an energy equal to the task of putting them in
execution."— Charles Francis Adams: N. Amer. Rev., liii. 70: Re-
view of the Madison I'apers.
"In Hamilton's death the Federalists and the country expe-
rienced a loss second only to that of Washington. Hamilton pos-
sessed the same rare and lofty qualities, the same just balance of
soul, with less, indeed, of Washington's severe simplicity and
awe-inspiring presence, but with more of warmth, variety, orn,a-
ment, and grace. If the Doric in architecture may be taken as
the symbol of Washington's character, Hamilton's belonged to the
same grand style as developed in the Corinthian,- if less impres-
sive, more winning. If we .add Jay for the Ionic, we have a trio
not to be matched, in fact not to be .approached, in our history, if
indeed in any other. Of earth-born Titans, as terrible as great, —
now angels, and now toads and serpents,- there are everywhere
enough. Of the serene and benign sons of the celestial gods, how
few at any time have walked the earth!"— Richard Hildreth:
Hiit. of the U. States.
■' Next to Washington stands the n.ame of Hamilton on the roll
of American fame and in its demands on the gratitude of his
country. We, at least, have grown gray in that faith, and the
events of every succeeding d.iy serve but to confirm our early and
unchanged creed. The working of the political institutions of our
country, whether for good or evil, has never ceased to indicate a
prophetic mind in Hamilton."— Francis L. Hawks.D.D. : N. York
Review, viii. 121 : Review of John C. Hamilton's Life of Alexander
HamMon.
Read this eloquent sketch of the public character of
Hamilton. See also Amer. Qu.ar. Rev., xv. .311; Walsh's
Ann. Rev., i. 201; ii. 1; Dem. Rev., xi. 142; Chris. Ex-
am., xxix. 243; McCuIloch's Lit. of Polit. Boon.
The conjunction thus presented of the names of Wash-
ington and Hamilton affi'rds us an opportunity of quoting
the glowing tribute of the latter to the merits of his illus-
trious friend and compatriot :
'* When the decease of the illustrious and beloved commander-
in-chief in 1799 was offlci.ally announced to the army of the United
States by General Hamilton, who of all his honoured aud trusted
associates stood highest, I think, in the alfections aud confidence
of the chief, it was truly said by him in his general orders, that ■ the
voice of praise would in vain endeavour to exalt a name unrivalled
iu the li^^ts of true glory.'" — Edward Everett: OratOm on }\ash-
ington, ilelivend in mainj of the prinripal cities of the Union in 1856.
But we have already far transcended the limits which
we had .assigned for the extent of this article. Yet we
feel unwilling to conclude without gratifying the reader
by quoting for his benefit the following letter from Mr.
George Tieknor, of Boston, the distinguished author of
the History of Spanish Literature, to Mr. George Tieknor
Curtis, the author of the History of the Constitution of
the United States :
'• While these sheets are passing through the press, Mr. Tieknor
writes to me as follows: ■One d,ay in .lauuaiy, 1819, talking with
Prince Talleyrand, in Paris, about his visit to America, he e.x.
pressed the highest admiration of Mr. Hamilton, Mying, among
other things, that he had known nearly all the marked men of
his time, but that he had never known one, on the whole, equal
to him. I was much surprised and gratified with the remark;
but still, feeling that, as an American, I was in some sort a party
concerned by patriotism in the compliment, I answered, with a
little reserve, that the great milihtry commanders and the great
statesmen of Europe had dealt with larger masses and wider in-
terests than he had. '-Mais, monsieur," the Prince instantly
replied, '■ Hamilton avait dcriie rEuropo."'"
771
HAM
Hamilton, Alexander, M.D., Prof, of Midwifery in
the Univ. of Edin., pub. several works on Midwifery, Fe-
male Complaints, Ac, 1775-92. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Hamilton, Andrew, Rector of Kilskerrie. Actions
of -the Iniskilling Men, 1688, ic, Lon., 1690, 4to.
Hamilton, AndrCAV. Taxation, 1790, '93, 4to.
Hamilton, Count Anthony, d, at St. Germain's,
1720, aged 74, a native of Ireland, of an ancient Scotch
family, followed both Charles II. and James I. into exile.
He w.is distinguished as a wit, a man of fashion, and an
author. He wrote — 1. Memoires du Compto de Grammont,
1713, 12mo. 2. LeBelier; Conte, 1749, 4to. 3. Les Quatres
Facardins et Zeneide; Contes, 1749, 12mo. 4. Histoire
de Fleur d'Epine ; Conte, 1749, 12mo. There have been
several edits, of the Memoirs of Grammont, and of the
collected works of the author.
■■ The best edition of Hamilton's Works (of course including
these Memoirs) is by Renouard, in 1812, 4 vols. 8vo."— AMia's
Lib. Camp., q. V. : and see also, for an account of edits., Lowndes s
Bibi. Man., and Watt's Bibl. Brit.
The edit, of the Memoirs of Grammont, in English, pub.
in 1811, 2 vols. 8vo, with 64 portraits, and notes by Sir
Walter Scott, is highly v.alued. The I^astern Tales of
Grammont were intended to ridicule the passion which
prevailed at the time for marvellous fictions :
•■ It is possible that Count Anthony Hamilton may have written
those tales which have made him famous before the end of the
century, though they were published after. But these, with many
admirable strokes of wit and invention, have too forced a tone in
both these qualities; the labour is too evident, and, thrown away
on such trifling, excites something like contempt ; they are written
for an exclusive coterie, not for the world; and the world in all
such cases will sooner or later take its revenge. Yet Hamilton s
Tales are incomparably superior to what followed."— ifcHnm s Lit.
Hist, of Europe.
The Memoirs of Grammont are now much better known
than the Tales.
"The Memoirs of Grammont, hy Anthony Hamilton, scarcely
challenge a place as historical, but we are now looking more at the
style than the intrinsic importance of books. Every one is aware
of the peculiar felicity and fascinating gaiety which they display.
— Hallam: uhi supra. ,_, „ . ^ j a
'■The artist to which we owe the most highly-finished and
vividly-coloured picture of the English Court in the d.iys when
the English Court was g.ayest."— T. B. Macaulat: Hist, of Eng-
land, vol. iv., 1S56,
" A classic work, the delight of every man and woman of taste.
—Gibbon.
Mr. Gibbon forgets to tell us what kind of taste he refers
to : his own was not always unimpeachable. Dr. Dibdin^s
comment upon this volume should not be omitted in this
connexion :
'■ One hardly knows wherefore, but the leaves of this book are
turned over by hands and perused by eyes which are forbidden to
be exercised on other books of comparatively less mischief It
may indeed be called, in too many instances, a privileged volume
of systematic profligacy." — Lib. Cump.
A new ed. of the Memoirs was puh. in 1846, 12mo ; and a
new ed. of tho Fairy Tales,in 1849, sq., (Bohn's Lib. ;) trans,
from the French by M. Lewis, H. T. Ryde, and C. Kenny.
" These tales appear to us cumbrous and entangled, their satire
insipid, and their meaning rather unmeaning. Measured against
Voltaire's philosophical stories, or Dean Swift's bitter caricatures,
they are pigmies indeed ; and their popularity with him who loved
toquotethem [Horace Walpolel is but another proof of the factitious
value with which genius can invest that which is essentially me-
liiocre — at once giving to trifles the importance and turning them
to the use of treasures."— X»». Athenamm, 1849, p. 9C3: notice of
the ed. of 1849.
Hamilton, Anthony, D.D. Serm., 1787, 4to.
Hamilton, Archibald. Theolog. treatises, Pans,
1577-81.
Hamilton, Lord Archibald. Answer to articles
against him (Lon., 1717, 8vo) as Gov. of Jamaica, Lon.,
1718, 8vo.
Hamilton, Archibald, M.D. Med. Con. to Ess.
Phys. and Lit., 1756.
Hamilton, Lord Archibald, M.P. 1. Thoughts on
the Administrations. Lon., 1804, 8vo. 2. Speech, 1819.
Hamilton, Hon. Charles. Descrip. of a Clepsydra
or Water Clock ; Phil. Trans., 1746.
Hamilton, Charles, Captain E. I. Co., d. 1792.
1. The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1784, 8vo. 2. Hist, of the
Rokilla Afghans, 1787, 8vo. 3. Trans, of the Hedaya, or
Guide; a Comment, on tho Mussulman Laws, 1791, 4 vols.
4to. A valualjle work.
Hamilton, Charles. Transactions during the Reign
of Q. Anne from the Union to her death, Edin., 1790, Svo.
Hamilton, David. 1. Christianity, Lon., 1697, Svo.
2. Kovelation. ITIU, 8vo.
Hamilton, Sir l>avid. Military Fever; in Latin,
Lon.. 1710, 8vo; in English, 1730, Svo.
Hamilton, Elizabeth, 1758-1816, asister of Captain
Charles Hamiltou, gained considerable reputation as an
HAM
aathoreps. The fnUowing nre her principnl works: 1. Let-
ters of a Ilin.l.ju Rajah. L..n., 1T'J6, 2 v.. Is. Svo. 2. Me-
moirs of Moilern Phih.sophcrs, Bath. 1800, 3 vols. Svo.
3. Letters on Education. Lon., 1801-02, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Life
of Agripiiina. Bath. 1804. 3 vols. Svo. 5. Letters on the
Moral and Religious Principle, 1800, 2 vols. Svo. 6. The
Cottagers of Glenburnio, Eilin., 1808. Svo.
"A pi-*turo of the rur.tl li;iVpits of Scotland, of striking and im-
pressivf fidelity."— Sir Waiter .^cott.
'• We have not met with anv thine nearly so good as this, since
we read the Castle Itackrent and the Popular Tales of Jliss Edge-
worth. This contains as ailmirable a picture of the Scottish pea-
santry as those do of the Irish; and rivals them not only in the
general truth of the delineations, and in the cheerfulness and
practical good sense of the lessons they convey, hut in the nice
discrimination of national character, and the skill with which a
dr.amatic repre.sentation of humble life is saved from caricature
and absurdity."— Lord Jeffrey: A't/m. Ha:, xii. 401-110.
This tale has had a most beneficial influence upon
domestic economy in Scotland.
7. Rules of the Annuity Fund, ISOS, 4to. 8. Exercises
in Religious Knowledge. "lS09, 12mo. 9. Popular Essays,
1S13. 2 vols. Svo. 10. Hints to the Patrons and Directors
of Schools, 1815, 12mo. II. The 4fith No. of The Lounger,
17S5. There have been new edits, of this lady's writ-
ings.
" Hizabeth Hamilton, like Madame D'Arblay, paints the passing
events, the fleeting manners, and changing condition of soci.al life;
but then her pictures are taken from the shepherd's hut and the
husbandman's hovel, and, .amid much that is now past and gone,
show not a little of a fixed and permanent nature." — Allan Cun-
NINGHAM : lliori. awl Cril. Ilisl. ff the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
The Memoirs of Eliz.abeth Hamilton, with a Selection
from her Correspondence and other unpublished writings,
were pub. by Miss Benger in ISIS, 2 vols. Svo, and a bio-
graphical account of her will be found in Mrs. Elwood's
Literary Ladies of England.
Hamilton, Miss Eliza Mary. Poems on several
Occasions, Lon., IS38, 12mo.
" Such poetry as this will always be read as the thithful record
of the moment's in which it was conceived. It is tinged with the
very hue of phantasy, and tells of feeling that never is felt but
by the poet,"— Z>i(;i(.'Wi!i'. Mag., xii. 2.37.
Hamilton, Emma. Novels, 1810-13.
Hamilton, Franc. De Sanctorum Invocatione et
Imaginibus, Wirceb.. 1596, 4to.
Hamilton, Francis. See Bcch-^nan.
Hamilton, Gavin, an eminent painter, who died in
1797, at Rome, where be had resided nearly the whole of
his life, was a native of Lanark. ,Sehola Italica Pictura? :
the Italian School of Painting: with 40 splendid plates,
Lon., 1773. large fol.
"Done in an elegant and masterly style." — TTait's Bihl Brit.
See Chambers and Thomson's Eiog. Diet, of Eminent
Scotsmen, 1S55. vol. ii. ; and see also Blackwood's Mag.,
ii. 313; xxiii. 673; xxv. 711.
Hamilton, Georse. A Voyiige round the World,
hy Capt. Edwards, in 1780-82, Lon., 1793, Svo; Berwick,
1793, Svo.
Hamilton, George. Epistle from the Marquis de la
Fayette to General Washington, Edin., 1800, 12mo.
Hamilton, George. Art of Drawing, 1812, Svo.
Hamilton, George, Rector of Killermogh. 1. Intro-
duc. to the Study of the Hebrew Scriptures, 4c., 1813, Svo;
Dubl., 1S14, Svo.
"Contains much important and original information in a very
condensed and perspicuous state." — Onne^s Bihl. Bib.
"Its general execution is hi;4hly creditable to the author's
industry and judgment, and we cheerfully recommend it to that
class of students for whose use it was chiefly designed." — Lon.
Eclectic Benew, N. .?., i. 503.
2. Codex Critieus of the Hebrew Bible, 1821, Svo.
"Will partially supply the place of Kennicott and De Rossi, as
the most valuable of the various readings in these extensive works
are given." — Orme's Bihl. Bib.
'■ A desideratum in Sacred Literature which Mr. Hamilton's
work is an able and successful attempt to supply." — Harness Bihl.
Bib.
And see Lon. Eclec. Review, N. S., xviii. 319.
3. On the R. Catholic English Bible. 4. Ditto, both
Dubl., 1S26, Svo. See Home's Bibl. Bib.
Hamilton, Hans, D.D. Two Sorms., Lon., 1818, Svo.
Hamilton, Hngh, D.D., 1729-1805, an eminent
mallieuKitician. a native of the county of Dublin ; Fellow
of Trin. Coll., Dublin; Dean of Ardagh, 1768; Bishop of
Clonfnrt, 1796; trans, to Ossory, 1799. He pub. some
mathemat. and theolog. works, which were collected and
pub. by his son Alexander, Lon., 1809, 2 vols. Svo. He
contributed a paper on Mechanic Powers to Phil. Trans.,
1763, and one on Alkaline Salts, Ac. to Trans. Irish Acad.,
1792. See Life prefixed to his works.
Hamilton, J. A. Inslruclb.ns for the Pianoforte, Lon.
" This, among the many musical iutrudactions, is one of the
HAM
most useful. .Mtogether. we have rarely seen a treatise of tlie kind
which we can more heartily approve.'' — L&Ji. Athen.^ Dec. 16, 1848.
Other musical works,
Hamilton, Col. J. P. Tr.avels through the Inte-
rior Provinces of Colombia, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
" His style is the familiar, easy chit-chat of an old aciiuaintance;
the gossip nf a good-natured military man, who has si-en enough
of battle and turmoil to despise .all meaner hardships."' — Loti.
Month. Her.
Hamilton, James, Duke of, 1606-1649, a zealous
supporter of Charles II., was beheaded by order of Crom-
well. He was the author of various Letters, Conferences,
Advices, Answers, Ac. pub. in Burnet's Lives of the Dukes
of Hamilton. He also wrote a Preface to a book on The
Late Covenant, 1638, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
Hamilton, James, Earl of Abercorn, Lord Paisley.
1. Attractive Virtue of Loadstone, 1729, Svo. 2. A Trea-
tise on Harmony, 1731, Svo.
Hamilton, James, M.D. On Purgative Medicines
in seveial Diseases, Edin., 1805, '06, '09, '11, Svo.
Hamilton, James, Jr., M.D., Prof, of Midwifery,
Edin., pub. Works on Midwifery, Ac, 1795-1809. Sea
Watt's Bibl, Brit.
Hamilton, James, "author of the Hamiltonian
system," excited much attention in the learned ivorld by
his publicati(Uis (Lon., 1S24, Ac.) of interlinear English
translations of books in various languages. The authority
of Ascham, Cardinal Wolsey, Erasmus, Milton, and Locke,
are adduced in support of the excellence of the theory :
"We do amiss to spend seven or eight years in scraping to-
gether so much miserable Latin and Greek as may be learned
otherwise easily and delightfully in ono year."— John Milton:
LeIliT to Harllib.
"When, by this way of interlining Latin and English one with
another, he has got a moderate kniovledge of the Latin tongue, he
mav then t» advanced a little fui thei . Nor let the objeition that
he will then know it only by rote frighten any one. This, when
well considered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this
w.ay of learning a langu.ape. The languages are only to be learned
by rote ; and lie that spe,aks them well has no other rule but that."
— JouN Locke: Essay cm a System ef Classical Instruction.
The Hamiltonian system is warmly defended, and wo
think very ably, by the Rev. Sydney Smith, in the Edin.
Rev., xliv. 47-69 ;"repub. in his Miscellanies. Wc quote
the conclusion of this amusing and yet convincing essay:
" In fine, we are strongly persuaded that, the time being given,
this system will make better scholars ; and. the degree of scholar-
ship being given, a much shorter time will be needed. If there is
any truth in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of the most use-
ful' men of his age ; for, if there is any thing which fills reflecting
men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste of mortal time,
parental money, and puerile happiness, in the present method of
pursuing Latin and Greek."
See Levi Hart's Advertisement to Hart and Osborn's
Virgil, with an Interlinear Translation, Baltimore, March
10, 1833; Ainer. Jour, of Education. Dee. 1S26 ; West-
minster Rev., X. 284 ; N. York Eclcc. Mag., vi. 229 ; .also
Lon. Quar. Rev. For a list of the works pub. on this sys-
tem see the London Catalogue of Books.
Hamilton, James, D.D., minister of the English
Presbyteriiin Church. Regent Square, London, 1). in 1814,
at Strathblane, Stirlingshire, is an eloquent preacher
and popular writer. 1. The H;irp on the Willows, Lon.,
1843, 12mo. 2. Church in the House, and other Tracts,
1S46, ISmo. 3. Life in Earnest : Letts, on Christian Ac-
tivity, sixty-fifth thousand, 1S52, ISmo. 4. Mount of
Olives, Ac, sixty-fifth thousand, 1853, ISmo. 5. The
Lamp .and the L.antern, 1853, ISmo. 6. Lives of Bunyan,
Henry, and Hall, 1853. 7. The Royal Preacher: Lects.
on Eccles. New ed., 1854, lOnio. 8. The Happy Home.
New ed., 1855, ISmo. 9. Emblems from Eden. 1S55, ISmo.
Let those who seek to animate thousands to zealous
efforts for the promotion of truth distribute on every side
Hamilton's Life in Earnest. See the Life of Amos Law-
rence, by his son. Best, 1S55, Svo.
Hamilton, James. Life of Paul Jones, Phila., 18mo.
Hamilton, James Archibald, D.D. Astronom.,
Ac. contrib. t.. Trans. Irish Acad.. 1786-1807.
Hamilton, James Edward. Polit. and theolog.
publications. Lon.. 1790-92.
Hamilton, John, Arcbbishopof St. Andrew's. hanged
in the town of Stirling, 1570, by his political enemies, put
forth a Catechisme, (Sanct Androus, 1552. 4to.) which waa
the last Popish Confession of Faith pub. by authority in
Scotland prior to the Reformation. This work is now
very rare, and a copy was sold at the White Knight's sale
(920) for £35 14«.
" No divine at this day need be ashamed of such a work. It i?
a judicious Commentary upon the tb»i»u/7j</5, Belief, Lord^sJ^ayer
Magnificat, txu*X Ace Maria; and the author shows his vrisdom and
HAM
HAM
moderation in avoiding to enter upon the controverttjd points." —
iiisH'ip Keith: Hist, of the Church and State of Scot.
But Lord Hailes does not concur in this opinion: see
his Plist. Mem. of the Provincial Councils of the Scots
Clergy, 35-36. Pee also Keith's Cat. of the Scottish
Bishops; Ctjloe's Anecdotes of Lit. and Scarce Books, ii.
308-311.
Hamilton, John, ''Student in Theologie," <tc. Ane
Catholilt and facile Traictise drauin out of ihe holie Scrip-
tures, Paris, 1581, 16rao. Running title: Of y*^ Lordis
Supper. Another ed., with altered title, Lon., 1 GOO, 16mo.
See Watt's Bibl. IJiit. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Lord
Hailes's Sketch of the Life of John Hamilton, printed
about 1784.
Hamilton, John. Stereography ; or, a Complete Body
of Por.^pcctivc, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. fol. ; 1749, 2 vols. fol.
Hamilton, John. Church of Scot., Edin., 1840, '41.
Hamilton, John. See Belh.we.v, Lord.
Hamilton, John C'hnrch, a son of Major-General
Alexander Hamilton, b. 17'.t2, in Philadelphia, served for
some time in the army of the V. States, was aide-de-camp to
Major-Gen. Harrison, and resigned June, 1814. 1. Memoirs
of the Life of Alexander Hamilton, N.York, 1834-40. 2
vols. 8vo. These vols, bring down Hamilton's Life to the
date of the adoption of the Federal Constitution. Two
more vols, were expected, but never made their appear-
ance.
*' If completed as it has been begnm, with the same care, fidelity,
and skill, this biography will be what it ought to be. — a national
work." — Francis L. Hawks: jY. Yorl- Jiev., viii. 121, q. v.
2. Works of Alexander Hamilton, 1851, 7 vols. 8vo.
3. History of the Republic, &c.: voL i., 1858, 8vo. See
Hamilton, Majur-General Alexander.
Hamilton, Joseph. Guide through all the stages
of a Quarrel, the R()y;il Code of Honour, Reflections upon
Duelling. &c., Lnn., 1S2"J, Svo. We should prefer the au-
thority of the Code laid down in the Sermon on the Mount.
See Sabine, Lorenzo ; Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. Alexander.
Hamilton, Miss jM, The Forest of St. Bernardo,
Lon., 18Ufi, 4 vols. 12m...
Hamilton, Ncwbnrgh. 1. Doating Lovers ; a Com.,
1715, 12mo. 2. The Petticoat-Plotter ; a Farce, Lon., 1720,
Svo. 3. Sampson; an Oratorio, 1743, 4to. See Biog.
Dram at.
Hamilton, Patrick, 1503-1527, called the first
Scotch Reformer, is said to have been of royal descent:
but .see Mackenzie's Scots Writers. He was burnt alive
as a heretic. He went to Germany, and became Professor
in the Univ. of Marburg; returned home, and was made
Abbot of Ferme or Fernc, Ross-shire. Patrick's Places;
or Common Places, a treatise on the Law and the Gospel.
In Latin, trans, and pub. by John Frith. In Richmond's
Fathers of the English Church, i. 475; also in Fox's Acts
and Monuments. Highly commended. See Keith's
Spottiswood's and Knox's Histories; Cook's Hist, of the
Reform.
Hamilton, Richard Winter, D.D., LL.B., of
Leeds, England. 1. Tbe Little Sanctuary, Lon., 1838, Svo.
2. Nuga> Literarire, 1841, Svo. 3. Serms. : 1st ser., 1837,
Svo: 2d ser., 1845, Svo; 1850, Svo. 4. Popular Education,
2d ed., 1846, sm. Svo. 5. Missions, 2d ed., 1846, sm. Svo.
6. Rewards and Punishments, new ed., 1S47, Svo. 7. Horce
et Vindiciai SabbatiCtX, 184S, 12mo. See a Memoir of Dr.
Hamilton, by W. H. Stowell, 1850, Svo.
"The s.Tmons of this gifted minister are eloquent, devout, and
evangelical. . . . His Essay on Missions is also highly honourable
to his talents and piety." — Williams's C. P.
"There was a rich and racy orij^'inality about him. — a bold in-
dependence of thiukiu;;. and an irregular gorgeousness of .style.
He was the llazHtt of the pulpit." — Gil-Mian's Literary Portraits,
\st Qallenj.
See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 91, 271, 455.
Hamilton, Robert. Dissertatio do rerarii publici
necessitate, ae plene Principium vecttgalia imponendi jure,
Lugd. Bat., 1671. 4to.
Hamilton, Robert, M.D.. 1721-1793. a native of
Edinburgh, practised at Lynn, in Nurfolk. Profess, publi-
cations, 1782-180)). See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Life of Dr.
H., prefixed to his Remarks on the Leprosy, Lon., ISOl,
Svo.
Hamilton, Robert, LL.D., 1742-1S29, Rector of
the Academy of Perth, 1709; Prof, in Marischal Coll.,
Aber.leen, 1779-1829,— namclv, first, of Oriental Lan-
guages; secondly, of Nat. Philos., 1782-1S17; thirdly, of
Mathemat., 1817-29. 1. Introduc. to Merchandise, Edin.,
1777-79, 2 vols. Svo. Several eds.
"Of very considerable merit.'' — McCaWich's Lit. of PiUit. Econ.
2. Arithmetic and Book-Keeping, Lon.. 1788, 12mo.
776
3. National Debt of G. Brit., Ac, 1813, Svo; Edin., 1814,
'IS, Svo. The 3d ed. is the best.
"This iDiportant work, which, .as we have already seen, opened
the eyes of the public to the delusive nature of the sinking fund."
— McCulloclCs Lit. of Polit, Econ., q. v. ; and see Gale, S., iu this
Uictionary.
4. The Progress of Society, 1830, Svo.
" We cordially recommend the volume itself to tho.se who are,
as well as to those who are not, ac(iu;iinted with the valuable
science of which it treats, a science which is now justly looked
upon as an essential branch of liberal education." — Lon. Month.
Rev., Dec. 1830.
*' Embraces a wide range of interesting topics; hut it is feebly
written, and might without injury to bis feme or Xn the public
interests have been allowed to continue in manuscript." — McCal-
loch'a Lit. of Polit. B-on.
Hamilton, Robert. Decisions of the Ct, of Ses-
sion, Nov. 1769-Jan. 1772. Edin., 1803, fol.
Hamilton, Schuyler. Hist, of the National Flag
of the U. States, Phila.. 1853, cr. Svo.
Hamilton, Smith, Engravings of the Ancient
Costume of Eng.. 9th to lOth cent., 1812.
Hamilton, Terrick, Trans, from the Arabic of
Antar, a Bedoueen Romance, Lon., 1819-20,4 vols. cr. Svo.
" A faithful and elaborate version." — Lon. Month. Rev., xciv.
277-*292. q. V.
" The curious romance of Antar. the most vivid and authentic
picture of Arabian manners, was written under the early Abas-
side Caliphs."— MiLMAN.
It is from this tale that story-tellers in the coffee-houses
of Constantinople take their amusing fictions,
Hamilton, Thomas, Earl of Melros. State Papers
and Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1837, 2 vols. 4to. Pub.
by the Abbotsford Club.
Hamilton, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Hamilton, Thomas, Captain 2yth Regt., R. A., d.
1S42, aged 53, after serving through the Peninsular and
American campaigns, devoted his time to literary pursuits,
and contributed largely to Blackwood's Magazine. 1. An-
nals of the Peninsular Campaign, new ed, by Fred. Hard-
man, Lon., 1849, Svo,
"A work of preat and peculiar merit, and cannot fail to be
popular, even after the many other histories, completed or in pro-
gress, of the Peninsular War." — Blackwood's Mag., xsvii. 5U8-538.
"Of the c-hief writers (on this subject) Captain Hamilton's w^ork
comes neitrest to historical calmness and impartiality. . . . The
value of Captain Hamilton's work is very greatly increased, in
the present edition, bv the latwurs of .Mr. Uardman." — Scotsman.
2. The Youth and Manhood of Cyril Thornton, 1827.
An admirable work.
" Thouj^h of no great value as a novel, it exhibits a good deal
of literary ability.*' — A. H. Everett: N. Amer. Rev., xxxviii. 211;
and see South. Rev., viii. 4.3.
'• There is no novel-writer in our day, after the great Father of
Romance, who has succeeded in transferring to his paijes equally
vivid pictures of the most animating events of life; the enthu-
siasm of youthful passion, tbe decision of military exploit, the
ardour of devoted nSection."—B/ar/,-i(iood's Mag., xxxiv. 2S8.
3. Men and Manners in America, 1833, 2 vols. cr. Svoj
Bost., 1S34, 2 vols. 12mo. New ed.. with Letters written
by the author during his Journey through the U. States,
Lon., 1843, sm. Svo.
"We cannot but congratulate our countryman on the appear-
ance of his valuable work at the present crisis, when all the ancient
institutions of our country are successively melting away under
the powerful solvent of democratic fervour. . . . He neither views
America with the jaundiced eye of a bigoted Tory, uor the frantic
partiality of an enthusiastic Democrat. He appreciates things as
they really are — nothing extenuating, setting down nought in
malice."— /J/acA: wood's Mag. : Anurica. jVo. 1, xxsiv. 285-308. See
also America, No. 2, 54S-568; and vol. xxxv. 342.
'•The more Captain Hamilton's book is studied, the stronger
will be the reader's conviction of its merits as a clear and impar-
tial description of the American people." — Dubl. I'niv. Mag., ii.
444-455; 558-569.
" Though many excellent volumes have since been published,
not one has superseded it as a standard and safe authority. Other
trav.-lt.rs linvr i-nnlirnied Us accui-acy, without adding much to
its in formal inn, "—/>'-i/('«nm.
'• It is undoubtHdly as we have said, in point of literary execu-
tion, one of the best that have yet appeared upon (he United
States. The style is not deficient in strength or spirit, and evinces
at times a remarkable power of description, as in the passages on
the Fallsof Niagara and the river Mississippi. On the other hand,
it is far from bi-ing uniformly so pure and correct as might be
wished,— is often unpardonably coarse, and is pervaded through-
out by an affected pertness and a silly air of pretension, whi. h
are offensive from the beginning, and finally become by repetitinn
completely nauseous. . . . That a spirit of unjust depreciation is
the one that predominates in his work, is — as we shall have occa-
sion abundantly to show — very certain."— A. H. Everett: JV.
Amer. /i?^'.. xxxviii. 210-270.
See also Chris. E.\am., (by Samuel Eliot) xv. 219: Araer.
Quar. Kev.. xiv. 520 ; Selee. Jour, of For. Lit., iii. SI ; Mu-
seum of For. Lit., xxiii. 468, 563, 564j xxiv. 81 ; Eraser's
Mag., ix. 42.
Hamilton, W. J. Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus,
and Armenia, &c., Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
HAM
HAM
"Mr. IlATTiiUon's archa?('lo'iical rcsenrrlH":. :in 1 Iii^' narrative in
general, have our warnit-st commendatiuiie."' — Lmi. AthvntLam.
After reading Mr. Hamilton's Researches, the reader must
take up the wurks of Sm Charlks Fkllows, {ante.)
Hamilton, W. T., D.D. The Pentateuch and its
Assailants; or, a Refutation of the Objections of Modern
Sceptieism to the Pentateuch, Lon., 1852, 8vo.
*• We aie not aware of any objections whioh have been raised
asainst the I'lMitateuch as a whole, or any part of it, whi(^h are not
here very satisfactoiily met and refuteil." — Lon. Kvangd. Mar/.
Hamilton, Walter. 1. The East India Gazetteer,
Lon.. 1814. Svo ; 1828, 2 vols. 8vo ; 1855, 2 volg. 8vo.
'• The writer has amassed and dij^L-stod. with siiij^ular industry,
A vast treasure of information, dispersed thruugh an infinite va-
riety of worksy—Edin. Rev., sxv. 22U-220.
2. A Geograph., Statist., and Hist. Description of Hin-
dostan and the adjacent Countries, 1820, 2 vols. 4to.
"An ineslimal'le work, containing a more full, detailed, and
faithful picture of India, than any former work on the subject."
— Lon. Quar. Rev.
"Who that has relatives in India (' Alas. I feel X am no actor
here!') can rest satisfied without the possession, not only of his
Gazetteer, but of his Geographical Description of Ilindostan?" —
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
" Mr. Hamilton's works, especially the last, [on IMndostan.] are
compiled with great rnve and judgment, and are, indeed, of the
highest authority/'— JA-'^'"'^ic/i"s Lit. of Pol it. E'-nn.
Hamilton, William. Reply to L>r. Pearson rel. to
the Ch. of En,i,dand. L-.ti.. IGfiO, fol.
Hamilton, William. Oonntry and Uiver of the
Ama/.'Mics ; Iroiu ihc I'^rcuch, L<ni., KHil, Svo.
Hamilton, William. Serins. Ac, 1700-25.
Hamilton, William. The Hist, of Sir Wm. Wal-
lace, Giasi;.. 1722, 8vo; Falkirk, 1785, 12mo; Ayr, 1793,
12nio. Often reprinted.
Hamilton, William. Perm.. E<lin., 1732. Svo.
Hamilton, William, 1704-1754, an early Scotch
poet, was a native of Ayrshire, and a man of fortune and
family. In 1748, Glasgow, 8vo, an cd. of his poems was
pub. without his consent, and subsequently reprinted. The
first genuine cd. was pub. by his friends in 176U, Edin.,
sm. Svo. The best-known composition of his is The
Braes of Yarrow. This poem elicited Wordsworth's three
pieces — Yarrow Unvisit«d, Yarrow Visited, and Yarrow
Revisited.
" Hamilton's mind is pictured in his Terses. They are the easy
and careless effusions of an elegant fancy and a chastened taste;
and the sentiments they convey are the genuine feelings of a
tender and susceptible heart, which peipetually owned the do-
minion of some favourite mistress, but whose passion generally
evaporated in song, and made no serious or permauent impression."
— LOED WOODIiOUSEI-EE.
" The poems of Uauulton display regular design, just sentiments,
fanciful invention, jileasing sensibility, elegant diction, and smooth
versification. His genins was aided by taste, and his taste was
improved by knowledge." — Prof. Kichardson, of (llasgmv.
"Johnson, upon repeated occasions, while I was at Ashbourne,
talked slightingly of llamilton. He said there was no power of
thinking in his verses; nothing that strikes one: nothing better
than what is generally found in magazines; and that the highest
praise they deserved was. that they were very well for a gentle-
man to hand about among his friends." — Boswei.l: Life of Johnson.
See Anrlerson's Brit. Poets : Lord Woodhouselee's Life
of Lord Kanics; The Lounger; Transac. of Scot. Antiq.,
Ill; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent
Scotsmen.
Hamilton, W^illiam, Rector of Fanct, Donegal, and
a magistrate, was murdered by the rebels in 1797. 1. Let-
ters cone, the Northern Coast of Antrim, Lon., 1786, Svo.
" This is a valuable work respecting the mineralogy and geology
fof Ireland], and especially the Giant's Causeway." — Stevenson's
Voyages and Trurds.
2. Letters on the Principles of the French Democracy,
Dubl., 1792, Svo. 8. Con. on nat. philus. to Trans. Irish
Acad.. 1788. 4. To Nich. Jour., 17ti8.
Hamilton, Rt. Hon. Sir William, K.B., 1730-
180;^. a native of Scotland, an eminent jintii|uary and con-
noisseur, was ambassador at the court of Naples from 1764
to 1800. In 1782 he lost his first wife, and in 1791 mar-
ried Emma llarte, the notorious female so disreputably
connected with Lord Nelson. Sir William's collection of
Grecian and Etruscan vases (now in the British Museum)
has been described in several magnificent volumes, which
still command a high price.
1. Antiquitez Etrusijuez, Grceques & Romaines. tirees
du Cabinet do M. Hamilton, (par le Sr. D'llancarville,) en
Anglais et en Fran^ais, Naples, 1760-67, 4 vols. r. fol,,
with upwards of 500 large plates, many of which are
coloured. The two first vols, of this work were pub. by
J. A. David, in Paris, 1785-88, 5 vols. Svo ; large paper in
4to; Florence, ISlH-OS, 4 vols, atlas fol. 2. Collection of
Vases, mostly of pure Greek workmanship, &c., Naples,
1791-95, 3 vols. imp. fol., with 240 plates; Florence,
1800-03, 4 vols, atlas fol. ; Paris, 1803-10, 4 vols, atlas fol.
3. Outlines, Ac. from the Figures and Compositions upon
the Greek, Roman, and Etruscan Vases of the late Sir
"William Hamilton, Lon., 1804. 4to. 4. Observ. upon Mount
Vesuvius, Etna, &e.., Lon., 1772, '74, Svo. See Raspe,
Rudolph Ehic, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1541. 5. Campi
Phlegraji. Naples, 1766-07, 2 vuls. atlas fol. Supp., 1779,
fol. 6. Lettcra sul Monte Volture, 1780, Svo. 7. Cod. to
Phil. Trans., 1767-96. 8. To Architol.. 1777.
For biographical incidents connected with Sir William
Hamilton, and descriptions of his works, Ac, see Wood's
Peerage; Baldwin's Lit. Jour., 1804; Biograplne Contem-
poraine ; Antiquitez Etrusquez, Ac, par D'Hancarville ;
Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.: Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Bict. of Emi-
nent Scotsmen ; Blackwood's Mag., xxv. 178, 707.
Hamilton, William, M.D. Dyeing, Lon., 1791, 2
vols. Svo.
Hamilton, William, M.D., d. 1808, aged 30. Digi-
talis Purpurea, L'.n., 1S()7, 8vo.
Hamilton, William. Enchiridion Medicum, Lon.,
1810, 12mo.
Hamilton, William. Remarks on several Parts of
Turkey. Part 1, .^Egyptiaca, Lon., ISIO, r. 4to, with fol.
plates.
" A solid, instructive, and most accurate performance." — Dib-
diii^s Lib. (hmp.
Hamilton, Sir William, Bart., of Preston, of the
ancient Scottish family of this name, one of the most dis-
tinguished of modern metaphysicians, was born at (ilasgow
in 1788, and educated at Balliol College, O.xford. where
he olitained first-class honours. In IS13 he was called to
the Scotti.-h Bar, but never engaged in extensive practice.
In 1820 he was an unsuccessful competitor with John Wil-
son for the chair of Mcrnl Philosophy in the University of
Edinburgh; but in 1821 ho was appointed Professor of
Universal History in that institution, and in IS.'iO was
called to the chair of Logic and Metaphysics, which he
still retains, (1856.) Ho is also Her Majesty's Solicitor
fur Tcinds, in Scotland, a Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and an Associate of many learned
bodies. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. A brief history
of Sir William's contributions to Mental Philosophy will
be found in Rich's Cyclopaedia, Lon. and Glasg., 1854.
In 1S52 (Lon. and Edin., Svo, pp. 758) there appeared
Discussions on Phih>sophy and Literature, Education and
University Reform, chiefly from the Edinburgh Review ;
Corrected, Vindicated, Enlarged in Notes and Appendices,
2d ed., 1853, Svo. Repub., N. York, 1855, Svo, with an
Introductory Essay on tho history of philosophical specu-
lation, by Robert Turnbull, D.D.
His principal essays have been trans, into French by
AV. Peisse, and into Italian by S. Lo Gatto, Sir William
pub. in 1840, Lon. and Edin., 8vn, pp. 914, the works of
Thos. Reid, D.D., now fully collected, with Selections
from his Unpublished Letters, Prefaces, Notes, and Sup-
plementary Dissertations, 3d ed., 1852. He is now en-
gaged in the preparation of the works of Dugald Stewart;
Vol. VIIL was pub. in April, and Vol. IX. in May, 1856.
(Sir William did not live to complete Iiis editorial labours :
see conclusion of this article, and see also Lou. Athenreum,
May 10, 1866, and Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1850.) A vol.
entitled The Philosophy of Sir William Hamilton, arranged
and edited by 0. W. Wight, was pub. in N. York in 1853,
Svo; 3d ed., 1855. This vol. is compiled from the Supp.
Disserts, on Reid, some of the foot-notes to Reid, and a
portion of the Philos. Discussions. Dr. James Walker,
President of Harvard College, has pub. Raid's Essays on
the Intellectual Powers; abridged, with Notes and Illus-
trations from Sir Wm. Ilamiltim and others, Bost., 12mo.
It is a matter of regret that the limited space to which we
are necessarily confined precludes us from quoting largely
from the enthusiastic commendations before us of the dis-
tinguished abilities and profound erudition of this eminent
philosopher. In an interesting paper by De Quincey,
giving an account of his recollections of Sir William's
early reputation for general knowledge, he remarks :
"The immensity of 8ir William's attainments was best laid
open I'V rniisuUing him (or by hearinf; hira consulted) upon in-
tellertu:il dilti. iilties, or upon schemes literary and philosophical
Suoh aii]pli<;itii'iis, come from what points of the conijiass they
would, liiund him always prepared. Nor did it seem to make any
difference whether it were the erudition of words or things that
was needed." — Essays on Philo&i>phical and other Men of Letters, i.
35. Host., 1S54.
" We regard Sir Wm. ITaniilton as the prof^tunilest analyst who
has appeared simi' Aristntlc; ;iim1 bis eroditinn, both in its extent
and in itsexartmss, i- jiei tV-rlly provokhit^. "— i ), \V. WiouT: Tram,
of Cousin's Hist, of Mod. Fhilos., ii. 3^6, N. York, Iboi.
777
HAM
" Sir Wm., though metaphysically the most formidable man in
Europe, is an huml.k- Christian ; though the most learned of men,
he is ready to how before the spiiit that informed the mind of
Paul."— O. W. WliiiiT: IntrodiK. to his edit, of the Philosoiihi/ of
Sir Waiiam Hamilton, p. 13, 1856. J -> ^
"It would be difficult to name any contributions to a review
which display such a despotic command of all the resources of
logic and metaphysics as his articles in the Kdiaburgh Review on
Cousin, Dr. Brown, and Bishop Whattlv. Apart fn.m thcii' scieu-
tiflc value, they should be read as specimens of intellectual power.
They evince more intense strength of understanding than any
other writings of the age; and in the blended merits of their logic,
rhetoric, and learning, they may challenge comparison with the
best works of any British metaphysician. He seems to have read
every writer, ancient and mnderu, on logic and metaphysics, and
is conversant with every philosophical theory, from the lowest
form of materialism to the most abstract development of idealism ;
and yet his learning is not so remarkable as the thorough manner
in which he has digested it and the perfect command he has of all
its stores. Every thing that he comprehends, no matter how ab-
struse, he comprehends with the utmost clearness and employs
with consummate skill. He is altogether the best-trained reasoner
on abstract subjects of his time." — E. P. Whipple: J<:ssays and Jfc-
views. ii. 117-122. Jlost., ISol ; and in iV. Amer. liev., Ixi. 485-4S9.
" Sir William Hamilton has attained to the very highest dis-
tinction as a philosopher, and in some respects lie is decidedly
superior to any of his illustrious predecessors, — Keid, Stuart, or
Brown. With a remarkable power of analysis and discrimination
he combines great d.-iision and elegance of style. ,ind a degree of
erudition that is aljiiust without a fiToWeV'—Eilinhurgh Heview,
" \\ e know not any ■->tbcr writer who has proved in how great a
degree books may stimulate the intellect into independent action,
nor any recent philosopher who has interpreted the theories of the
past and the present less biassed by an exaggerated opinion of the
e.xclusive importance of history, or by preconceptions of the his-
toric course of speculation in its manifold phases in each succes-
sive age."— iV". Brit. Eec, xviii. 101-213.
'•The slightest perusal of Sir William's philosophical writings
will be sufficient to convince the reader that he is in intercourse
with a mind of the most extraordinary comprehension and acute-
ness. He combines in a degree unequalled since the time of Aris-
totle (of whom, indeed, he is a devout, though not a blind and
undiscriminating, worshipper) the power of analysis and generali-
zation. . . . The degrees in which these two counter-powers of
analysis and generalization exist in any mind, together with their
relative propoi-tion, determines a man's philosophical character " —
Brit. Qiiar. Rev., xvi. 4"9-oll.
The remarkablo erudition which has rendered the name
of Sir William Hamilton so famous is brought into good
service when engaged in the illustration and vindication
of his philosophical tenets:
"In the first of the citations with which some of his essays are
overgrown, it would be difficult to point out one which is either
inappropriate or superfluous, except that, the point being already
established.it might be regarded as a needless accumulation of
evidence." — N. Ama-. JUn:, Ixxvi. 55-103.
An authority entitled to be heard with respect does
not hesitate to give the following verdict respecting Sir
William's Dissertations, contained in bis edit, of Reid's
writings :
" On the whole, we cannot but regard these dissertations as the
most valuable contribution to the progress of a true philo.sophy,
in our country, within the present century."— jtfM-cZCs Hist, of
Mod. r/iilos.
See also Wm. Archer Butler's Lects. on the Hist, of An-
cient Philos., editor's notes, ii. 79, 97 : 18,56 ; Hallam's Lit.
Hist, of Europe, ii. .398, 478, 4th cd., 1854; N. Brit. Rev.,
X. 78 ; Princeton Rev., (article by Samuel Tyler, of Frede-
rick, Md.,) Oct. 1855.
The author of the article in the British Quarterly Review
from which we have given some quotations, refers to the
great respect entertained on the Continent of Europe for
the philosophical character of the subject of this notice,
and cites in evidence the following passages :
"II n'est pas peut-etre en Europe un homme qui poss^de une
connaissance aussi complete et anssi minutieuse, une intelligence
aussi profonde des livres, des systimes et des philosophes d'Alle-
magne L'erudition de M. Hamilton n'est pas cette erudition
morte qui s'occupe plus des livres que des idSes, et qui etouffe
I'esprit pbilosophe an lieude lenourrir ; c'est une erudition active,
qui lai.^se k la peos^e tonte son independance; elle n'est pas k
elle-nieme sa propre fin, mais seulement un instrument pour la
recheruhe de la verite. Quoique infiniment vari6e, car elle em-
brassB presque tout le champ des sciences morales et rationelles et
de la littC'rature gCnerale, elle est en meme temps complete et pro-
fonde, principalenient en philosophie aucienne et moderne et en
mati^re d'iustructinn pol.litiue. Pen d'hommes en Europe sont
aus.si lamiliers.HVir la pbilusuphie, eten particulieravec Aristotle."
— M. I'eisse: Pref. Ijj Fiaymcns de Philosophie par Sir Wm. Uamil-
ton; pp. Ixsxi., Ixxxiii.
" Le plus grand critique de notre siicle."— M. ConsiN : Fragmens
Philosoptiiques.
" Le grand maitre du Peripatetisme." — M. Brandis.
When engaged in the preparation of the above article,
but a few d.ays since, we little thought that the illustrious
philosopher to whom it is devoted would havo ceased from
his labours ere our tribute saw the light. It is, however,
"so written :" Sir William Hamilton died of congestion of
the hrain, after ten days' illness, on the lith day of Way,
1856, at his residence. Great King Street, Edinburgh. We
HAM
I are glad to learn that his lectures on logic and metaphysics
are in a state of preparation for the press. They are an-
nounced for 1859, Edin. and Boston, to be edited by Prof.
Mansel and Mr. Veitcb. The death of this eminent scholar
ai^d profound philosopher painfully reminds us of the large
number of those recorded in its pages who have exchanged
time for eternity since we commenced this voluminous re-
cord of those who have sought to instruct or amuse their
fellow-])ilgrims in a world of trial and of temptation, of
folly and of wisdom, of sorrow .and of joy.
As summer and winter, seed-time and harvest, have still
found us, year after year, engaged upon the present work,
we have at times thought it not improbable that we also
might be added to the long list, already chronicled, of those
who left unfinished monuments of good intentions; whose
devices were arrested by the " inexorable hour," and whose,
"purposes" — to use the affecting language of the patriarch.
— "were broken off" in the midst.
Hamilton, William. Report of the Trial of Judges
Shijipen, Yeatcs. and Smith, in 1805, Lancaster, 8vo.
Hamilton, William, D.D. 1. Second Advent of
Christ, Lon.. 1S2S, 12mo. Commended by Lowndes. 2.
The Mourner in Zion Comforted, 12mo.
" Many cases of a distressed conscience .ably met." — Bickerstetu.
Other works.
Hamilton, William Gerard, M.P., 1729-1796,
a native of London, who held several important poli-
tical posts, made in the House of Commons. Nov. 13, 1755.
that splendid display of elo(|Ucnee which has given him
the name of Single-Speech H.imilton. But. indeed,
he made a second great speech in the mouth of Febru-
ary. Hamilton was one of the many to whom without
a shadow of probability the Letters of Junius were attri-
buted. He was educated at Oxford, and when young wrote
some poetry, which he printed — but never published— in a
quarto volume, 1757, 4to. These were subsequently pub.
by Mr. Malone. After his death there appeared, pub. from
his MSS., Parliamentary Logick : to which are subjoined
Two Speeches delivered in the H. of C. of Ireland, and
other Pieces, Ac, Lon., 1S08, Svo. This collection con-
tains an Essay on the Corn liaws, by Ur. Saml. Johnson,
never before printed. A review of this vol. bv Lord Jeffrey
will be found in the Edin. Rev., xv. 1 63-175. " The reviewer
considers it rather remarkable that a " short practical trea-
tise in parliamentary oratory, by a man who was long popu-
larly supposed to have rivalled the eloquence of Chatham,
and to have guided the pen of Junius," should have made
such a •• feeble impression on the public." Our surprise,
however, will be somewhat diminished when we observe
the character which he gives of this production :
"In addition to the other causes of repulsion to which we have
alluded, the style of the work, we ought to observe, is extremely
atlected and peculiar. Sometimes the author mimics the pregnant
brevity of Bacon, but without his force or felicity. At other times
he emulates the obscurity and harsh technical brevity of Aristotle,
but without his science or accuracy. (Jn one occasion, he affects
to give general and sweeping maxims: at another, he enters into
the most minute details and suggestions. Now and then he is
cunniug and sagacious; and very frequently quite frivolous or
stupid."
Dr. Francis Liebcr, referring to this work in his treatise
on Civil Liberty and Sclf-Governmcnt, remarks,
" The copy which I own belonged to Dr. Thomas Cooper. That
distinguished man has written the following remark on the fly-
leaf: ' This book contains the theory of deception in paiHamcntarv
debate; how to get the better of yo'ur opponent, and how to make
the worse appear the better reason. It is the well-written worlc
of a hackney and politician. . . . The counterpart to it is the ad-
mirable tract of Mr. Jeremy Bentham on Parliamentary Logic, (he
book of Fallacies. No politician ought to be ignorant' of the one
book or the other. They are well worth (not perusing, but) study-
ing.'—T. C.-— Vol. ii., p. 208.
Dr. Johnson had a great esteem for Hamilton, and, says
Boswell, paid his conversation this high compliment:
"I am very unwilling to be left alone, sir, and therefore I go
with my company down the first pair of stairs, in some hopes that
they may, perhaps, return again; I go with you, sir, as fai- as the
street-door." — Life of Johnson.
Hamilton, Sir William Rowau, b. Aug. 4, 1805,
at Dublin, and educated at the University of that city, was
appointed Andrews Professor of Astronomy to the Univer-
sity of Dublin, and Astronomer Royal for Ireland, in 1S27,
and President of the Royal Irish Academy in 1837. Lec-
tures on Qnaternious. in 1843, to the Royal Irish AcMemy,
Dubl., 1853, Svo. This eminent scholar has also pub. va-
luable papers in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., Phil. Trans., Lon-
don,Trans. Brit. Soc. I'ortheAdvancementof Science, Lon.,
Edin., and Dublin Philos. Mag., and Dublin Univ. Rev.
See a biog. sketch of Sir William — Our Portrait-Gallery,
No. XXVI. — in Dublin Univ. Mag., Jan. 1842, 94-110.
HAM
Hamloy, Edward. r.>oms, Lon., 179G, 8vo.
Ilamley, Major Edward Brute, R.A. 1. Lady
Lee's Widowhood, Lon., lS5i, 2 vols. p. Svo. Originally
pub. in Blackwood's Magazine.
" Captjuu Ilamley writes with admirable ease and graphic viva-
city. Ilis humour is manly and refined; his fancy is fertile in
comic tracery ; and the mere rhetoric of his composition is spirited
and graceful." — Lrni. Press.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing Lady Lee's Widowhood
the most promising debut that has been made in tiction since
Bulwer surprised the world with Pelham." — Lon. Critic.
"It is withal a bright, healthy book, with a dash of hearty
humour in it." — Lon. Athcn(eum.
2. The Story of the Campaign. A complete Narrative
of the War in Southern Russia, written in a Tent in the
Crimea, 1855, p. Svo. Originally pub. in Blackwood's
Mag. A valuable work. 3. The Position on the Alma,
skelebcd the Day after the Battle, 1855, oblong.
Hammer, Joseph. Ancient Alphabets, &c., Lon.,
1806, sm. 4to. See M. Silvestre de Saey's comments in
Magas. Encyel., Nov. 1810: pp. 145-174,
Hammett, Samuel A., b. 1816, at Jewett City,Conn.,
a resident of N. York since 1848. 1. A Stray Yankee in
Texas, by Philip Paxton, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 2. The
Wonderful Adventures of Captain Priest, by Philip Pax-
ton, 1855.
Hammnn, George. Serms., &c., Lon., 1658, '90, '93.
Ilammon, .lohn. The Hist, of the Valorous Squire
Alector, Lon., 1580. 4to.
Hammon, VVm. Answer to Dr. Priestley on the Ex-
istence of a (lod, Lon., 1833, Svo.
Hammond, Anthony, M.P., 166S-173S, a commis-
sioner of the Navy, and an associate of the men of letters
of the day, edited in 1720 a New Miscellany of Original
Poems, some of which were his own composition. He also
wrote a work on Publick Credit. 1721, Svo: Hints for Think-
ing, 1721, Svo; and ,an Account of the Life and Writings
of Walter Moylo, prefixed to the works of tho latter, pub.
1727, Svo.
Hammond, Anthony. 1. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon.,
1816, Svo ; Exeter, N. H., 1823, Svo. 2. Parties to Ac-
tions, Ac, Lon., 1817, '27, Svo; Exeter, N. II., 1822, Svo.
3. Principles of Pleading, Lon., 1819, Svo. 4. Reports in
Equity, 1821, 2 vols. Svo; N. York, 1822, Svo. 5. Crimi-
nal Code Forgery, Ac, 1823, Svo. 6. Practice and Pro-
ceed, in Pari., Ac., 1825, Svo. 7. Index to Term Reports,
Ac, 1S27, 2 vols. Svo. 8. Crimin.al Code: Simple Larceny,
Ac, 1828-29, 2 vols. fol.
Hammond, Capt. Charles. The Old English
Officer, Lon., 1679, Svo.
Hammond, Charles. Rep. of Cases in Supreme
Ct. of Ohio, 1821-39, Cin., 183.3-40, 9 vols. Svo.
Hammond, Charles D., b. 1818, at Boston, Mass.
Medical Information for the Million, N. York. 1851, 12mo.
Mr. H. is the author of many articles on Jledical Reform.
Hammond, Elisha. 1. Law of Fire Insurance, Ac,
N. York, 1840, Svo. 2. Principal and Agent, 1836, Svo.
See 2 Kent's Com., 646, n. 3. Justice of the Peace, Brook-
field, 1841, Svo. 4. Supp. to Petersdorft"s Cases, N. Y'ork,
1835, 2 vols. Svo. See 14 Amer. Jur., 231.
Hammond, or Hamond, George. Theolog.
treatises, 1694, 1701, '02.
Hammond, Henry, D.D., 1605-1660, a native of
Chertsey, Surrey, after preparatory studies at Eton, was
sent to Magdalen Coll., Oxford, and was elected Fellow in
1625: Rector of Penshurst, Kent, 1633; Archdeacon of
Chichester, 1643 ; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1645,
and Sub-dean, 1648. Being warmly attached to the royal
cause, he was ejected by the Parliamentary Visitors. At
the Restoration Charles II. intended to nominate him to
the bishopric of Worcester, but he died whilst preparing
for his journey to London. Charles I. declared that Ham-
mond was the most natural orator he ever heard. His
works — among which are a number in defence of the
Church of England against Romanists and other Dis-
senters— were collected and pub. by his amanuensis, Wm.
Fulman, in 4 vols, fol., 1674-84 ; a collection of his Letters
(nineteen in number) was pub. by Mr. Peek, 1739, Svo;
his Life, by Bishop Fell, 1661, 12ino; reprinted in 1806,
and in 1S49 ; — also in Wordsworth's Eecles. Biog., iv.
313; — and a new ed. of his Miscellaneous Theological
Works was pub. in the Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf.,
1847-51 ; 3 vols, in 4, Svo. New ed. of his Para?nesis ;
or, Seasonalde Exhortatory, edited by Manning, 1841, Svo.
The following are his best-known productions. 1. A
Practical Catechism, Lon., 1644, '48, 4to. A vindication
of the same, 1648, 4to ; 1700, Svo ; 16th ed., in the new
ed. of his Miscellaneous Works, 1847, vol. i.
HAM
" TTammond's Catechism is aTi exctllent explanation of the du-
ties i>f our religion." — Ijr. Wotton.
"A book of great use: but not to be begun ■with as too many
do. It does require a good d^al of previous study before the force
of his reasonings is apprebeiidi.'ii; liut when one is ready for it, it
is a rare book, and states (bf ici*>"iids of morality and of our duty
upon true principles." — Bisiio? Uurnet. And see Walchii EibL
Theolog. Selecta.
2. Serms., 1644, fol. See vol. iv. (1684) of his collected
works, and vol. Ui. (1S47) of the new ed. of his Jliscel-
laneous AVorks. 3. Parnphrases of the Old and Annota-
tions upon the New Testament, 1663, '56, Svo ; 1659, 71,
'75, '79, '81, 1702, fol. The last is the best of the old eds.
New ed., 1845, 4 vols. Svo. The Annotations form vol. iii.
(1675) of bis collected works. In 1698 (Amster., fol.) Le
Clerc trans, it into Latin, with animadversions. Also pub.
Franckf., 1714, 2 vols. fol. These were trans, into Eng-
lish, and pub. as a Supp. in 1609, 4to. A Defence of Ilam-
moud against Le Clerc appeared in 1699, to which Le
Clerc replied. Both of these books should be added to tho
Annotations. Dr. Doddridge preferred Le Clerc's edit, of
Hammond in Latin to the original. AVe give some opinions
of the Annotations;
'• Hammond was a man of very considerable learning and piety,
alloyed with a portion of superstition. He often succeeds in
illustrating the force and meaning of the Greek words and phrases
of the New Testament. His stock of cLaspical and rabbinical in-
Inrmatiou was very respectable, and furnished him with some
valuable illustrations. He was a moderate Arminiau in doctrinal
sentiment; a great stickler for the divine origin of episcopacy ;
and held some peculiar notions about the Gnostics, to whom he
supposes there are many more allusions in the New Testament
than any one else is likely to find."— 0*-»!e's Bibl. Bib.
One of the most excellent of Biblical critics complains
that Hammond
''Finds the Gnostics everywhere, which is his principal fault:
many of Le Clerc's animadversions upon these places are very
good; .and his edition of his book in Latin I think much preferable
to the original.'" — Dr. Doddridge.
Orme remarks that Le Clerc's Supplement, 1699, 4to,
" Ts necessary to complete ILimmond, and contains many things
worth reading,"
Mr. Bickersteth gives us his opinion of both :
'•Valuable for ciiti.ism. but deficient in evangelical views. Le
Clerc wrote many additions with Socinian tendencies."— CVtnV tun
Student.
" Le Clerc has observed, that Hammond in his Annotations on
the New Testament borrowed largely from Grotius and Episco-
pius. and Tillotson has been called a disciple of the latter.'" —
Bishop Watson.
A late eminent modern authority remarks that Ham-
mond's work is
'' In great and growing reputation. There are many good criti-
cisms, but many that are much mistaken."— fioj-He's Bibl. Bib.
Girdleston says that he
"Gives us the result of laborious study."
"Hammond excels in learned criticism to be read * cum grano
salis.' " — Dr. E. Williams.
'•I would recommend Lowth and Patrick on the Old Testament,
and Hammond on the New."— Dr. Samuel Johnson.
'• He [Dr. Ji-hnson] was extremely fond of Dr. Hammond's works,
and sometimes gave them as a present to young men going into
orders. He also bought them for the library at Streatham." —
BoswelVs Johnson, MS- note hy J. O. C.
''The Paraphrase and Annotations of Hammond on the New
Testament give a different colour to the Epistles of St. Paul from
that which they display in the hands of Beza and the other theo-
logians of the sixteenth century."— -WiiWam's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
4. Paraphrase and Annotations upon the Book of Psalms,
1659, '83, fol. This work is in vol. iv. (1684) of his col-
lected works. New ed. by Branckcr, 1850, 2 vols. Svo.
" The uutes are most learned, and embrace many things which
are omitted by others, on which account Hammond is to be
reckoned among the best interpreters of the Psalms." — Wahh.
" I think his plan of inteipretation is the right one: he endea-
vours first to give the literal sense, and thence deduces the mys-
tical."— Bisnop Lowth.
"The substance of the remarks on the New Testament is ap-
plicable to the Annotations on tiie Psalms. There is a great deal
of very dry criticism, which does not interest the reader much in
the subject of these sacred compositions. Hence this work is less
known and respected than the former." — Ormc's BUd. Bib.
'•'Dr. IL-inimond's notes are exceedingly valuable, and contain
many learned observations that bad cstaiud preceding commen-
tators on the Book of Psalms."— Mt/j.'s Bibl. Bib.
" Of use chiefly for its critical hints."— Williams a C. P.
*' A valuable critical exposition." — Bicker steth's C. S.
5. A Pacific Discourse of God's Grace and Decrees,
1660, Svo.
" Written in a good spirit on the Arminian side, endeavourinj;
to shew that Bishop Sanderson accorded with him." — Bickersteth's
a S.
6. Paraphrases and Annotations upon the X. first Chap-
ters of the Proverbs, 1683, fol. This forms vol. iv. (1684)
of his collected works.
"Great were his natural aldlities, greater his acquired, and in
the whole circle of arts he was most accurate. He was eloquent
iu the tongues, exact in antieut and modern writers, was well
779
HAM
HAM
versM in philosopby, and better in philology, most learn'd in
Fchool divinity, and a greiit master in church antiquity, made up
of fathers, councils, ecclesiastical historians, and liturt'ies^ as may i
be at larfre seen in his most elaborate works." — Allien. Oxmi. I
'■ Ilis death was an unspeakable loss to the church; fur, as he |
was a man of great learning, and of most eminent merit, he
having been thu person thatduring the bad times bad maintained
the cause of the church in a very singular manner, so he was a
Tery moderate man in his temper, thouii;h with a bijrh principle, '
and would probably have fallen into healing counsels. He was i
also much set on reforming abuses, and for raising the clergy to a ,
due sense of the obligations they lay under." — ItiSHOP Burnet.
" He was the tutelar angel to keep many a poor royalist from
famishing ; it being verily belieTod that he yearly gave away more
than two hundred pounds." — Fulh f.^ W"r()iir.^. I
"Dr. Hammond had extended teaming and real piety, and is
valuable for criticism and antiquity; but his views are far from
the simplicity of the principles of the Reformation. He is not
sound on justification by faith; righteousness by faith in Christ '
has ever been a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. Rom. ix. i
30-33. I
*' Yet one golden sentence of his deserves recording:
" ' 0 whata glorious thing, how rich a prize for the expense of a I
man's whole life, were it to be the instrument of rescuing one ;
soul from ruin.' " — Bichcrsteth's C. S. j
See also Life by Bishop Fell; Biog. Brit. ; Bnrwick's
Life; Lloyd's Memoirs; Peck's Desiderata j Cburtun's
Life of Nowell ; Usher's Life and Letters. j
Hammond, Humphrey. Serms., Lon., 1715, both
Svo. I
Hammond, J., D.D. An Historical Narration of
the whole Bible, Lon., 1723, Svo.
Hammond, Jabcz D. Political History of New
York to Dec. 1S40. Albany, 1843, 2 vols. Svo; vol. iii.,
Syracuse, Svo.
"The work is wiitten with candour and unstudied accuracy."
— GOVEUNOB SlWARD.
" Pains-taking, but not always accurate." — President King.
Hammond, James, M.P., 1710?-1742, second son
of Anthony Ilnmmond, M.P., cherished an unfortunate —
because unnvuiling — passion fur Miss Dashwood, which
«ought relief in his Love Elegies, pub. after his death
with a recommendatory preface by Lord Chesterfield. But
Dr. Beattie insists on it that Hammond was nut in love
when he wrote these elegies: they are, indeed, principally
translations from Tibullus. Poetical Works, Glasg.,
17S7; Svo. Reprinted in vol. xi. of Johnson's and Chal-
mer's Eng. Poets, and bound up in the same vol. with
CoUins's poems in Bell's pocket ed.
"Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
himself as a shepherd, and his Nea^-a or Delia as a sheplierdess,
and talks of goats and lambs, feels no passion. He that courts
his mistress with Roman Imagery deserves to lose her; for she
may with good reason suspect his sincerity."' — Dr. Joh?iso7i^s Lives
of the Eng. Puds.
This is about as wise as are many other of the lexico-
grapher's oracular decisions.
" Hammoud was a young gentleman who appears to have fallen
in love about the year 1740. and who translated Tibullus into
English verse to let his mistress and the public know of it." —
ffazliti's Led. on the Eng. I'oets.
Hammond, James H., Ex-Governor of the State
of S. Carolina, b. in 1S07, in Newberry district in that
state, has pub. some letters on slavery, and a number of
papers upon politics, manufactures, &c.
Hammond, John. Leah and Rachel; or, the two
fruitful Si.stcrs. Virginia and Maryland; their present
condition stated, Lon., 1056, 4to.
Hammoud, John. The Practical Surveyor, Lon.,
1702, 8vo. Tlie same. pub. by S. Warner, 1780, Svo.
Hammond, iU, C. 31., *U. s. Army, a younger bro-
ther uf Ex-Guvernor Hammond, was born in 1S14, in
Newberry district, South Carolina. He is the author of a
number of papers on military allairs, pub. in the Southern
Quarterly Review. He is saiil to be now engaged on a
trans, of Joinini's treati.se on the Art of War.
Hammond, Col. Robert, Governor of the Isle of
Wight. Letters. &c. rel. to Charles L, Lon., 1764, Svo.
Hammond, Samuel. Young English Scholar's
Guide, Lon., 1744, Svo.
Hammond, Samuel H., b. 1S09. at Bath, N.York.
1. Hills, Lakes, and Forest Streams. N. Y'ork, 1S54, 12mo.
2. Hunting Adventures in the Northern Wilds, 1855. 12mo.
3. In conjunction with L. AV. Man.sfield, Country Margins
and Summer Rambles. 1S55, 12nio.
Hammond, or Haniond, Thomas. Commotion
of ccrtaine Papists, &c.. Lon., H105, 4tn,
Hammond, Thomas. Measurer, Lon., 1669, Svo.
Hammond, William, uf St. Alban's Court, in East
Kent, the collateral ancestor of James Hammond; see unte.
Poems, Lon., 1655, Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 342, £4 is.
Reprint, 1SI6, 4to. Sixty-one copies printed, with a pre-
face by Sir S. E. Brydges.
7ao
'• One of the forgotten Poem-writers of the last age." — PhiUips'i
Tlteat. Poet. Anglic.
Hammond, William. Serm., Lon., 1745, 12mo.
Hammond, William. Serm.. Lon., 1776, 12nio.
Hammoud, William Andrew. The Definitions
of Faith and Canons. Ac, Oxf., lS4:i, Svo.
Hamond, George. See Hammond.
Hamond, Thomas. See Hammond.
Hamond, Walter. 1. Traus. of A. Parey on Gun-
shot, Ac. Wounds, Lon., 1617. 4to. 2. Madagascar. 1640,
4to. 3. Madagascar the Richest Island, <te., 1643, 4to.
Hanior, Ralplie. A trve Discovrse of the present
E.-^tate of Virginia, Loo., 1615, 4to.
Hampden, John, 1594-1643, the resolute opposer
of tlie king's alleged right to levy ship-money, was slain
whilst fighting against Prince Rupert at Chalgrave Field.
Speach in defense of Himself and others, 1641, 4to. See
Biog. Brit.; tho Histories of Eng.; Noble's Memoirs of
Cromwell ; Clarendon's Rebellion ; Lord Nugent's Me-
morials of Hampden, 1S52, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1S54,
p. Svo. The last-named work was reviewed by T. B.
Macaulay in Edin. Rev., liv. 505-550 ; and by Kobert
Southey in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xlvii. 457-519.
Hampden, Ilenn Dickson, D.D., in 1810 was en-
tered r)f Oriel College, Oxford, of which he subsequently
became Fellow and Tutor ; Public Examiner in Classics
in 1S29, and also in 1S31 ; Bampton Lecturer, 1832 ; Prin-
cipal of St. Mary's Hall, 1833: White's Prof, of Moral
Philos., 1834; Regius Prof, of Divinity, 1836; Bishop of
Hereford, 1847. His appointment to the two last-named
offices excited violent opposition, based upon alleged un-
soundness of doctrine exhibited in Dr. Hampden's Bamp-
ton Lectures — (1.) The Scholastic Philosophy considered
in its relation to Christian Theology, preached 1832, Ox-
ford, 1832, Svo ; 2ded., Lon., 1837, Svo; 3d ed., 184S, Svo.
Reviewed in the Biitish Critic, xiv. 125. Dr. Hampden
has also pub. — (2.) De Ephororum apud Lncedtemonias
magistratu. Disputatio cancellarii prfemiodonata, et in
theatro Sheldoniano recitata die Jun. xxii., A. D. 1814, pp.
22, r. Svo. 3. Philosophical Evidence of Christianity,
^c, 1S27, Svo. This vol. has been declared to be "an
appropriate and worthy companion to Butler's Analogy."
4, Religious Dissent, 1834, Svo. See British Critic for
Jan'y, 1835. 5. Leets. on Moral Philosophy, Svo. 6. In-
augural Lect. before the Univ. of Oxford, 2d ed., 1836, Svo.
See Edin. Rev., Ixiii. 225-239. 7. Parochial Serms. and
four other Serms., 1836. Svo. S. On Tradition, 1S39, Svo;
4th ed., 1841, Svo. 9. Serm., Jer. xxiii. 5, G : 3d ed., 1840,
Svo. 10. Serm., John xvii. 17-21, 1844, Svo. 11. The
Work of Christ and the Spirit, 1847, Svo. 12. Letter to
Lord John Russell, 1S47, Svo. 13. Serms. before the Univ.
of Oxford, 1836-47, Svo, 1S48. 14. Charge at his Pri-
mary Visitation, ISoO, Svo.
We must not forget to give Dr. Hampden credit for his
able articles on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, in the Ency-
clopfedia Britannica, and the review of the writings of
Thomas Aquinas and the scholastic philosophy in the
Encyclopiedia Metropolitana. See a notice by Sir Wil-
liam Hamilton of the article on Aristotle's Philosophy
in the Edinburgh Review for April, 1833; also pub. in
Sir William's Discussions on Philosophy, &q. Sir William
remarks that
" Dr. Whately's errors relative to Induction are. however, sur-
passed by those of another able writer, Mr. Hampdeu, in regard
both to that process itst-lf, and to the Aristotelian exposition of
its nature."
The review of the writings of Aquinas and the scho-
lastic philosophy has been highly commended by a very
eminent authority :
"Dr. Hampden, in his Life of Thomas Aquinas and view of the
scholastic philosophy, published in the Encyelopa'dia Metropoli-
tana. has the merit of having been the only ICnglisbman, past or
present, so far as I know, since the revival of letters, who has
penetrated far into the wilderness of scholasticism." — Hallam^s
Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, vol. i. 14, n.; see also p. 8, n. 13.
As regards the celebrated controversy which has made
the name of Dr. Hampden so famous over the ecclesiastical
world, wc of course have no right to express an opinion
in these pages. Indeed, we do not profess to have made
any attempt to master so hydra-headed a subject. But,
fur the benefit of those who have more curiosity or more
leisure than ourselves, we append the following list of
publications upon this quantio cexata.
1. Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, by Jortin
Redivivus, 3d ed., 1836, Svo, pp. 40. 2. State of Parties in
Oxford, 1S36, Svo, pp. 61. 3. Elucidations of Dr. Hamp-
den's Theolog. Statements, 1836, Svo, pp. 47. 4. Corresp.
between Dr. Hampden and the Archbishop of Canterbury,
2d ed., 1838, pp. 38. 5. Statements of Christian Doctrine
HAM
frnm the inib. Writings of Dr. namptlon, 18?,6. pp. 36.
B. Dr. Hampden's Theolog. Statements and tlie Thirty-Nine
Articles Compared, 1S36, pp. 62. 7. Dr. Hampden's Past
and Present Statements Compared, 1836, pp. 22. 8. 'The
Official and Legal Proceedings connected with the Appoint-
ment of Dr. Hampden to the see of Hereford ; the numerous
Extracts from the Canonists collated with the original
authorities and translated, with Notes and an Appendix,
1S4S, 8vo. See also the following articles in periodicals :
9. Edin. Rev., Ixiii. 225. 10. Brit, and For. Rev., xv. 169.
11. N. Brit. Rev., viii. 286. 12. Blackw. Mag., xxxix.
425, 428, 431, 468. 13. Eraser's Mag., xxxvii. 105.
14. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiii. 2221. 15. N. Haven Church
Rev., i. 246.
Dr. Southey partook of the indignation which was ex-
cited by the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the Regius
Professorship, and thus expresses himself in a letter to
Herbert Hill :
"James II.'s conduct in obtruding a Romish president upon
Magdalen was not worse than that of the present ministry iu ap-
pointlns; Dr. Hampden to the professorship of divinity. If they
had given bim any other preferment, even a bishopric, it would
have l>een only one proof among many that it is part of their
policy to promote men of loose opinions: but to place him in the
oflBce which he now holds was an intended insult to the Univer-
sity. In no way could the Whigs expect so materially to injure
the Church as by planting Germanized professors in our schools
of divinity. Thank liod, there is too much sound learning in the
land for them to succeed in this." — Koiioick, April 2, 1836.
It is not a little curious, considered in connexion with
the above, that the bishopric followed the professorship.
On the other hand, — for it is our wont to let each side
speak for itself. — the Edinburgh Reviewer (supra) can
hardly find terms strong enough to express his indigna-
tion at the persecution to which he alleges Dr. Hampden
has been subjected :
" And for such persecution," he tells us, " the plea of conscience
is not admissible; it can ouly be a conscience so blinded by wilful
neglect of the highest truth, or so corrupted by the habitual in-
dulgence of evil passions, that it rather aggravates than excuses
the guilt of those whom it misleads." — April, ISoO: '239.
Hampden, Rob. Trevor, Vice-corn, de Britannia,
Lathmon, Villa ISromhamensis, Poemata, nunc primum
curante Filio Joan. Trevor edita, Parma% Typis Bodo-
nianis. 1792, fol. 115 copies printed. Vellum paper, 15
copies printed. One copy on vellum sold at Junot's sale
for £15 15». Ordinary copies have been sold at £1 16«.
to £6 6s. These poems are praised by Lords Hardwicke
and Lyttelton.
Haiiipe, John Henry, M.D. 1. Metallurgy, Lon.,
1778, fol. Posth. 2. Con. on nat. hist, to Phil. Trans.,
1738, '70.
Hamper, Wm., 1776-1831, a native of Birmingham,
England. The Life, Diary, and Corresp. of Sir Wm. Dug-
dale, Lon., 1837, r. 4to. This is one of the best commen-
taries on the events of the Great Rebellion.
"For numerous points of remark.ible information, and for very
many other great merits, we cordially commend tliis volume to
every literary man and library in Gre.it Britain." — Lon. Lit. G(iz.
See also Lon. Gent. Mag. ; Lon. Month. Rev., July, 1827 ;
Dibdin's Lib. Coiup., ed. 1825, p. 162; our life of Sir Wm.
DuoD.VLE, in this Dictionary.
Hanipole, Harapoole, or Hampull, Richard.
See RoLLK.
Hampson, Sir G. F. Duties of Trustees, 2d ed.,
Lon., 1S3U, 8vo.
Hampson, John. 1. Calvinism, 1788, Svo. 2. Mem.
of John Wesley, Ac, 1791, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Poetics of
Vida, Ac, 1793, 8vo. 4. Serms., 1793, Svo.
Hampson, R. T. 1. Dates. Charters, and Customs
of the Middle Ages, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Origines
Patricia; ; or, a Deduction of European Titles of Nobility
and Dignified Officers from their Primitive Sources, 1846,
Svo and r. 8vo.
" None can be said to know things well, who do not know them
in tbe beginning."— Sir Wm. Temple.
Hampson, Wm. 1. Duckingfield Lodge ; a Poem,
Lon., 1793, 4to. 2, Essay on the Management of Cows,
1796, Svo.
Hampstead, Capt. J. 1. Naval Tactics, 1808, 4to.
2. Phenomena of Nature, 1811, Svo.
Hampton. Existence of the Human Soul after Death
proved, Lon., 1711, Svo.
Hampton, George. Theolog. treatises, Lod.,17S5,<&c.
Hampton, James N. Fall of Man, Lon., 1750, Svo.
Hampton, Rev. James, d. 1778. 1. Trans, from
the Greek of the General Hist, of Polybius, Lon., 1766,
'72, 2 vols. 4to ; 1772, 4 vols. Svo. Witii a Preface by Dr.
Johnson. 2. Two Extracts from the 6th Book of Polybius,
1764, 4to.
IIAIf
" Accuracy and probity shine iu his writings. He was a scholar,
a statesman, and a philosopher. In Tolybius we meet with nothing
but unadorned simplicity and plain reason. . . . The English tians-
lator has preserved tbe admirable sense aud improved the coarse
original." — Gibbon.
"1 was very little acquainted with the merits of this work till
they were pointed out by Jebb. The rrefiicewas certainly revised
and improved by Dr. Johnson." — Dr. Parr.
" Polybius's history is interwoven with sound political reflec-
tions."— CUAXCELLOB KENT.
Hampton, Wm. Serms., 1660, '67, both 4to.
Hamstcad, J. Cause of Gravity, Ac, ISII. Pro-
bably the same as Hamstead, Capt. J., above.
Ilauani, Richard. See Hainam.
Hanburg, N. 1. Horologia Scoteriea, &c., Lon., 1682,
4to. 2. Snpp. Analyticum ad Equationes Cartesianis,
Camb., 1691, 4to.
Hanbnry, Barnard, and Rev. George Wad-
dington. Journal of a Visit to some Parts of Ethiopia,
Lon., 1822, 4to.
'• Mr. Waddiugton, we understand, has the reputation of being
a good classi,-al scholar ; we cannot however say much in favour
of bis Knglish "— ion. I^icir. Ru-., xxvii. 215-239, q. r.
Hanbury, Benjamin. Hist. Memorials of the Con-
gregationalists, Lon., 1839-14, 3 vols. Svo. Reviewed in
Lon. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vi. 335.
Hanbury, Rev. Wm., of Leicester, d. 1718, pub. A
Complete Body of Planting and Gardening, Lon., 1770-
73. 2 vols. foL, and some other works, 1758-67.
Hancock, Blith. 1. Eclipses, Norw., 1783, Svo.
2. Astronomy of Comets, 1786, Svo.
Hancock, John,D.D., Rectorof St. Margaret's, Lolh-
bury, London, Preb. of Canterbury, and Chaplain to the
Duke of Bedford. Serms., Ac, 1697-1739.
Hancock, John, 1670-1752, a minister of Lexington,
Mass. Serms., 1722. '24, '26, '48.
Hancock, John, d. 1744, aged 41, a minister of Brain-
tree, Mass., son of the preceding. Serms., Ac., 173S, '39,
'43, '48.
Hancock, John, LL.D., 1737?-1793, one of the
signers of tbe Declaration of American Independence, a
son of John Hancock of Braintreo, and a grandson of
John Hancock of Lexington, was a native of Quincy.
Mass. ; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1754 ; Member of the House
of Rep. for Boston, 1766; President of the Provincial Con-
gress of Mass., 1774; President of the Continental Con-
gress, 1775; Governor of Mass., 1780-84 and 1787-93.
He pub. an Oration on the Boston Massacre, 1774. See
Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence;
National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans;
the histories of the United States.
Hancock, John. On Quakers,Lon.,1802,'03,both Svo.
Hancock, Robert. Serm., <Ssc., Lon., 1680, '82,
both 4to.
Hancock, Thomas, M.D.. wrote a number of books
in defence of the principles of the Quakers, (Lon., 1828,
'35, «ie.,) one of which was an answer to Crewsden's Bea-
con to the Society of Friends. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
col. 1176-77.
*■ Dr. Hancock cleaves to the mysticism of Barclay, but advances
some admirable sentiments." — Ubi supra.
H.incock, Wm., minister of St. Paul's Chapel, Kil-
burn. 1. Hear the Church, 4th ed., Lon., 1848, fp. Svo.
2. Serm.. 12mo. 3. Two Serms., 1841, 12mo. 4. Posth.
Serms., 1845, p. Svo.
Haudasyd, Talbot Blayney. Antiquities near
Bagshot; Archffiol., 1785.
Handley, James. 1. CoUoquia Chirurgica, Lon.,
1705, Svo. 2. Comp. of Anatomy, 1705, Svo. 3. Animal
CEconomy, itc, 1721, Svo. 4. The Plague, 1721, Svo.
Hands, £liz. Death of Amnon; a Poem, Lon.,
1789. Svo.
Hands, Wm. 1. Rules in K. B., Lon., 1796, 8vo.
2. Solic. Prac. in K. B., 1803, Svo. 3. Patents for Inven-
tions, 1808, Svo. 4. Solic. Assist, in Ct. of Chan., 1809,
Svo. 5. Election Petitions, 1812, Svo. 6. Fines and Recov.
in Ct. C. P., 4th ed., 1825, Svo.
Handy, Washington R., M.D., Prof, of Anatomy
and Physiology in Baltimore Coll. of Dental .Surgery, b.
1812, in Somerset CO., Maryland. A Text-Book of Anato-
my, and Guide in Dissections, Phila., l-'>54, r. Svo, pp. 810.
"It is adapted alike to Medical and Dental Students." — South.
Jour, of Mat. and Pfiys. Sci.
Dr. H. has contributed largely to the Amer. Jour, of
Dental Science, and to the Brit. Med. and Surg. .Jour.
Hanerlield, Thomas. Funl. Serm., 1811.
Hanlbrd, C. J., editor of an English trans, from the
Spanish of Balmez's Protestantism and Catholicity com-
pared, Ac, Lon., 1849, Svo.
"This work has not undeservedly been translated into English,
781
HAN
HAN
French, and Italian. Moderate in its tone, tnlnrant in its senti-
ments, and on the whole c-andid in its statements, it is one of the
few works of reli^'ious controversy that maintain throughout a
philosophic character and spirit." — Lon. AtMntrum.
Hanger, Col. George, alterwanls Lord Cole-
raine, servod in the American war, and gives an account
of his resilience in this country in his Life, Adventures,
and Opinions, Lon., ISOl, 2 vols. Svo. He also pub. tracts
on military subjects, 1789, '92, '95, 1S04, and the Lives,
Adventures, and Sharping Tricks of eminent Gamesters,
1S04, 12mo.
Hanger, Philip. Men castaway at Sea, Lon., 1675,
4to.
_ Hanhart, M. and N. Narrative of the Cruise of the
Yacht Maria among the Faroe Islands, in the Summer of
1854, Lon., 1855, r. Svo.
Hankin, Christiana C. Life of Mary Anne Schim-
melpenninck. Author of Select Memoirs of Port Royal,
and other Works, edited by her Relation, C. C. H. See
Lon. Athen.. 1S5S, Pt. 2, Ifit;, and Lon. Examiner.
Hankin, Rev. Edward, M.D. Pulit. tracts, &c.,
17S(i-lsl5.
Hankiuson, ThomasE. Serms., Ac. Lon., 18.33^14.
Hanlcy, P., M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1771.
Hanley, Sylvanus. 1. Young Conchologist's Book
of Species. Lon., 1840, '42, p. Svo. 2. Ipsa Linnai Con-
chylia, 1855, Svo.
"His Shells of Linna?n3 will rank as the standard by which all
systematic concholngistB must henceforth abide as respects the
nomenclature of the Linn«an species." — H'estminsta- Hev., April,
1856, q. V.
3. Enlarged ed. of Wood's Index Testaceologicus, 1856,
Ac. 4. In conjunction with W. Wood, English ed. of
Lamarck's Cat. of Recent Shells, 1844-50. 5. Catalogue
of Bivalve Shells, 1856, Svo.
Hanmer. J. W. Reports of Cases in K.B., &o., from
the MSS. of Lord Kenyou, Lou., 1819-25, 2 vols. Svo. See
Wallace's Reporters; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Hanmer, Sir John, Bart, 1. Sonnets, Lon., 12mo.
2. Fra CipoUa, and other Poems, 1839, Svo. Commended
by Lon. Athen., 1S39, 982.
Hanmer, Kev. Jonathan, d. 1687, wrote a work
upon Conflrination, 1658, Svo, one on Eccles. Antiq., and
some other treatises.
Hanmer, Meredith, D.D., 1543-1604, Chaplain of
Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., and subsequently treasurer to
the Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin. 1. Chronicle of
Ireland, by M. Hanmer, Edm. Campion, and Edm. Spen-
ser. Pub. by Sir James Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. 2. A
Chronographie. This is annexed to his trans, of the
Eccles. Histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius, Lon.,
1677, '85, 1650, fol. 3. The Jesuities Banner, 1581, 4to.
4. Confut. of M. Champion, 15S1, Svo. 6. The Baptizing
of a Turke; a Serm., 1586, 16mo. Other works.
Hanmer, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1676?-1746, Speaker
of the House of Commons and M. P. for nearly thirty years,
devoted much time and labour to the preparation of an
edit, of the Wfirks of Shakspeare, which he presented to
the Univ. of Oxford. It was pub., Oxford, 1744, 6 vols.
4to, with engravings by Gravelot. See Lowndes's Bibl.
Man., 1647 ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 801. In 183S,
Svo, appeared Sir Thomas's Life and Corresp., which has
been already noticed. See Bu.vBuitv. Sir Henry.
Hanna, William, LL.D. See Chalmers, Thomas,
D.D., LL.D.
Hannam, John. Economy of Waste Manures, Lon.,
1844, fp. Svo.
'■ The treatise is valuable, and the author is known as the writer
of several prize es.says." — Donaldson's AgricuU. Ling.
Mr. H.'s Prize Essays have been" On the Use of Hand
Tillages, On the Effects of Special Manures, <ic.
'■ Mr. Ilanuam's excellent treatise on Waste Manures points out
the great loss of manure going on on almost every farm, and it
gives directions which will be found extremely useful for the pre-
servation of all kinds of manures in their most etfective state." —
Address of the Council of Uti Yorkshire Agr. Sic. Trans., 1843, page
Hannam, Richard. See Hainam.
Hannam, Rev. Thomas. 1. An Analyt. Comp. ;
or. Outlines of Scrms., Lon., 1801-02, 2 vols. ISmo. 2. The
Pulpit Assist.; or. Outlines of Serms., 1810, 4 vols. ISmo;
5th ed., revised by James Anderson, 1840, ISmo.
Hannay, David. Ned Allen; or. The Past Age,
Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo.
'■ We have lead -Mr. Ilannay's lucubrations with much edifica-
tion."— Lon. Lit. G'azdle.
Hannay, George K. 1. Concord, to the N. Test,,
Edin., 1835, 32nio. Commended by Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
2. Concord, to the 0. and N. Tests., Lon., 1S37, r. ISmo ;
new ed., 1839.
*' Such a work is all that the Scriptm-e student could desire."—
Scoliish Guardiun.
Hannay, James, b. at Dumfries, Scotland, in 1827,
served in the Royal Navy until 1846, since which he has
devoted his time to literary pursuits. He has been a large
eoittributor to Punch and otlier English periodicals. 1. Bis-
cuits and Grog, 1S38. 2. Clarct-Cup, 1S4S. 3. Hearts are
Trumps, 184S. 4. King Dobbs, 1S49. 5. Singleton Fonte-
noy, 1850, 3 vols. 6. Sands and Shells, 1854. 7. Satire
and Satirists: Six Lects. 8. Eustace Conyers, 1855, 3
vols. Mr. Hannay occupies a distinguished position as a
writer of fiction. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856.
Hannay, Patrick. 1. Two Elegies, Lon., 1619, 4to.
2. A Happy Husband, 1619, Svo. 3. The Nightingale,
Sheretine and Mariana, Songs and Sonets, and the two
preceding works, all in one vol. Svo, 1622. Sold at Bind-
ley's sale for £35 Us.; Sykcs's, £12; Perry's, £38 6s.
Hannay, R. Polit. publications, 1821-31.
Haunay, Robert. Proceed, of the Quakers, 1694.
Hannes, EdAvard. An Account of the Dissection
of the Duke of Gloucester, 1700, 4to.
Hannes, Wm. Serms., 1717-25.
Hansard, George. Law rel. to Aliens, 1844-46, Svo.
Hansard, George Agar. The Book of Archery,
Lon., 1840, Svo. With 15 illustrations.
"The pictorial embellishments are some of the most beautiful
we have seen." — Lon. Art-Union.
Hansard, Hugh J. Letters and Thoughts rel. to
Christian Knowledge and Justice, 1784, Svo.
Hansard, John. Entries of Declarations, and other
Pleadings, Ac, Lon., 1685, fol.
Hansard, T, C. Parliamentary Debates from 1803
to 1856, and continued regularly. Cobbett's Pari. Debates
were merged in Hansard's Debates. To these the legal
and historical student should add Parliamentary History,
from the earliest period (1072) to 1803, 36 vols., and How-
ell's State Trials, 34 vols. r. Svo. And, if he can, let him
also procure the Rolls of Parliiiment, 1278-1503, with the
General Index, 7 vols. fol. Respecting the value of the
Parliamentary History to the historical student, see Prof.
Smyth's Lects. on Moil. Hist, and Lord Brougham's Po-
litical Philosophy. To Jtr. Hansard we are also indebted
for Typographia, 1825, r. Svo, and for Treatises on Print-
ing and Type-Founding, pub. in Encyc. Brit,, and re-
printed in a p. Svo vol.; last ed., 1851.
"A Printer's manual, which every one in the trade will find it
his interest to possess." — Westminster Bem-m'.
Hanselins, J. G. Medicina Brevis, 1714, Svo.
Hanson, A. C. 1. Laws of Maryland, 1765-84,
Anuap., 1787, fol. 2. Rept. case Baptis Irvine, Bait.,
1608, Svo.
Hanson, Rev. J, H., d. 1S57. The Lost Prince:
Facts tending to prove the identity of Louis XVII. of France
and the Rev. Elcazer Williams, Missionary to the Indians,
N. York, 1854, 12mo. See Putnam's Mag.", Feb., April, and
July, 1853 ; Feb. 1S54. In the Appendix to the Redeemed
Captive Returning to Zion, being an account of the Rev.
John Williams, (Korth.ampton, Mass., 1853, 16mo,) the
author professes to prove that the Rev. Eleazer Williams
is a direct desccudant of the Rev. John Williams, and
therefore that he cannot be "The Lost Prince." Mr. Wil-
liams d. in 1858. See Knickerbocker Mag., Nov. 186S.
Hanson, Rev. J. W., b. 1823, at Boston, Mass.
1. Hist, of Danvers, Mass. 2. Hist, of Norridgewock,
Maine. 3. Hist, of Gardiner, Maine. 4. Starry Oracles.
6. Ladies' Casket. 6. Flora's Dial. 7. Offering to Beauty.
8. Witnesses to the Truth, Ac.
Hanson, Joseph. Petitions for Peace, 1808.
Hanson, Sir Levett. Hist, of Knighthood, Lon.,
1802, 2 vols. Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1080.
Hanson, Martha. Sonnets, Ac, 1809, Lon., 2 vols.
Svo.
Hanson, Raphe. Certain Nautical Questions.
Hanvil, John, a monk of St. Alban's, of the 12th
cent., wrote a long Latin poem, in nine books, entit. Archi-
trenius, Paris, 1517, 4to. There arc two MSS. of it in the
Bodleian Library, with some epistles, epigrams, and other
poems, by the same author.
Hanway, James. Brit. Troops in America, 1760, Svo.
Hanway, John. 1. Psalini Davidis I., Ac, Lon.,
1723, fob; 1726, Svo. 2. Trans, and Poems, 1730, Svo.
Hanway, Jonas, 1712-1786, a ntitive of Portsmouth,
England, resided for some years in Russi.i, engaged in
mercantile business. On his return he pub. the work by
which ho is best known : An Hist. Account of the Brit.
Trade over the Caspian Sea, with a Jour, of Travels from
London through Russia into Persia, and back agaiu
through Russia, Germany, and Holland, Lon., 1753-54,
IIAR
HAR
4 vols. 4to. This is a work of consideraUc value; but
pome years later Jonas gave to the worlJ an account of a
niiu'h less extensive tour, viz. : A Journal of Eight Days'
Journey from Portsmouth to Kingston-upon-Thames,
through Southamiit"n. Wiltshire, &c. To whicli is added
an Essay upon Tea and its pernicious consequences, 1756,
2 vols. 8vo. Dr. Johnson's notice of these works deserves
to be quoted :
'■Jonas," says he. " acquired some reputation by travelling
abroad, but lost it all by travelling at hnriK'."' — BostocU's Johnson:
Where see also the account of Jdlinson's defence of his
favourite beverage against Jonas's onslaught upon it, and
the good philanthropist's rejoinder.
Hanway took a lively interest in the promotion of reli-
gion and the welfare of the poorer classes, and pub. many
treatises upon these subjects. See Pui^h's Life of Han-
way; Johnson's Works, by Hawkins; AVatt's Bibl. Brit.;
Fort-ter's Life of Goldsmith; McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit.
Econ. ; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ixv. Jonas de>;erves a kindly
remembrance every rainy day, for to him the male sex are
indebted for the use of the umbrella. The great Christian
institution of the Sunday-iSchool, which no Christian or
patriot should neglect, found a zealous advocate in the
excellent Hanway. He was also the principal founder of
the Marine Society and the Magdalen Hospital.
Ilarbaugh, Henry, b. 1817, Franklin en., Penna.,
pastor of the First German Reformed Church. Lancaster,
Penna. 1. Heaven; or, The Sainted Dead, Phila., 1848,
12mo. 2. Heavenly Recognition of Friends, 1851, 12mo.
3. Heavenly Home, 1853, 12mo. 4. Birds of the Bible,
1854, 4to. 5. Union with the Church, 1856, ISmo. 6.
The Fathers of the German Reformed Church in Europe
and America. 1857-58, 3 vols. 12mo. 7. The Life of the
Rev. Michael Schlatter, 1857, 12mo. 8. The True Glory
of Woman, 1858, 12mo. Mr. Ilarbaugh's works have been
widely circulated and highly commended.
Ilarbert, Sir Wni., Knt. 1. Lett, to a Roman pre-
tended Catholike, Lon., 15S6, 4to. 2. Laudes of Sir P.
Sidney, 1580, 4to. 3. Prophesie of Cadwallader, last
King of the Britaines, IfiOO, 4to. Bindley, £7 10».
Harbin. Rev. George. See Bedford, Hilkiah.
Harbin, Thomas. Traveller's Companion, Lou.,
1702.
Harby, Isaac, 1788-1828, a native of Charleston,
S. C, was the author of the Gordian Knot, a Play, 1807;
Alberti, a Play ; an Address before the Reformed Society
of Israelites, 1825 ; and numerous essays in the periodi-
cals of the day. In June, 1828, he removed to New York,
where he contributed to the Evening Post, and other
Journals. A selection from his Miscellaneous Writings
was pub. 1829, Charleston, Svo, by Henry L. Pinckney
and Abraham Moise. See Duyckincks" Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Harby, Thomas. Passages of Scripture, 1678, fol.
Harcourt, James, D.D. Serms., 1721, '35. both 4to.
Harcourt, Leveson Vernon, Chancellor of the
Cathedral, and Preb. of York. 1. The Doctrine of the
Deluge, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. A valuable work. 2. A
Remonstrance to the Bp. of Exeter, &c., 1850, Svo. 3.
Leets. on the Four Gospels Harmonized, 1851, 3 vols. Svo.
Harcourt, Robert. A Relation of a Voyage to
Guiana, Lon., 1613, '26, 4to. La mcme, traduite en Hol-
landais, Leydeu, 1707, Svo. This will be also found entire
in the Harleian Miscell., and a portion of it is in Pur-
ehas's Pilgrimes, vol. iv. Lowndes, by a misprint doubt-
less, raal;es it read Voyage to Guinea!
Hardcastle, David, Jr. 1. Letters on the Currency,
Lon., Svo. 2. Banks and Bankers, 2d ed., 1S42, p. Svo.
The bankers of a country — the Hopes and Welles' and
Barings of the Old Worhl, and the Wards, the Drcxels,
the Ciarks, and the Corcorans of the New — are powerful
auxiliaries to the enterprise and energy developed in the
walks of Commerce and the marts of Trade.
Hardcastle, Thomas. Christian Geography and
Arithmetic, being a Survey of the World in several Serms.,
Lon., 1674, Svo.
Hardcastle, VVm. 1. Genealog. Text-Book; Brit.
Hist., Lon., ISmo. 2. Cat. of Astronomy, Ac, 1845, ISmo.
HarUeby, Geoffrey, an Augustine monk, confessor
to Henry II.", and Prof, at Oxford, d. 1360, wrote Lects.
on the O. and N. Tests., A Hist, of his Order, and a Tract
on Evangelical Poverty.
Hardie, David. Taxation of Coals, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Hardie, Thomas, Serms., Hawick, 1811.
Hardiman, J. Hist, of the Town and County of
Galwiiy, Dubl., 1S20, 4to.
•'A \;iluable additiun to Irish topography."
Hardin, Martin D., of Kentucky. Rep. of Cases
in Court of Appeals, Kentucky, 1S05-0S, Frankfort,
1810, 8v...
Harding. Farmers' Account-Book for 1816-17.
Harding, A. An Epitome of Universal History from
the Earliest Period to 1848. Lon., 1848, Svo.
*' Historical charts, and a copious chronological index to assist
the memory, add to the usefulness of this epitome, which ia
otherwise well calculated for the purposes of inatructiou." — Lon.
Lit. Gazette.
Harding, J. D., b. 1797, an artist of London, has
pub. a numl»cr of valuable works, among which are Lessons
on Art, The Guidt- and Companion to the Lessons on Art,
Lessons on Trees, Elementary Art. and the Principles of
Art. Sketches at Home and Abroad: 60 tinted drawings,
imp. fol.
*' A treasure-house of delight. Here Northern Italy yields up
its architectural glories and its lake-scenery. Venice its palaces,
the Tyrol its romantic valleys and villages, the Rhenish cities
their picturesque beauty, and France aud England their greenest
spots of remembrance." — Lon. At'iev.
See Men of the Time, Lon., 1S56 ; Westm. Rev.. April.l 855.
Harding, J. W. Sketches in North Wales, Lon.,
1810, f.d.
Harding, or Hardyng, John, an old English
chronicler, b. l.'>78, lived at least to the age of 87. Ho
was employed in collecting documents for the purpose of
ascertaining what fealty was due from the Scottish kings
to the kings of England, and is said to have forged papers
where he did not iind what he looked for: but it is pos-
sible that Harding himself was deceived. Certain it ia
that he acquired a taste for such researches, and drew up
a Metrical Chronicle of England from the earliest times
to the reign of Henry IV. It was first printed by Graf-
ton, with a continuation to the 34th year of Henry VIII.,
by the same, in prose, in 1543, sm. 4to. This edit, is very
rare; the Roxburghe copy was sold for £13 13^*.. which
wo believe to have been the highest price ever paid for it.
In 1812 a new ed. was pub. in r. 4to, with a biographical
and literary preface by Sir Henry Ellis. To this preface,
and to the authorities subjoined below, we refer the
reader.
'' This work is almost beneath criticism, and fit only for the at-
tention of an auti^juary. Uaiding may be prouounred to be the
most impotent of our metrical historians, especially where we
recollect the great improvements wbifh English poetry had now
received. I will not even except Robert of Gloucester, who lived
in the infancy of taste and versification. The chronicle of this
authentic and laborious auu-ilist has hardly those more modest
graces which could properly recommend and adorn a detail of
the British story in prose. He has left some pieces in prose; and
Winstanley say.'^. ' As his prose was very usefull. so was his poetry,
as much delightfull.' I am of opinion that both his prose and
poetry are equally useful aud delightful. What can be more
frigid and unanimated than these lines?
" Kyng Arthure then iu Avalon so died,' &c. ?"
Warton's Hht. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840; ii. 330.
Good old Thomas Fuller estimates Harding's poetry at
a much higher rate :
"In my judgment, be had drank as hearty a draught of Helicon
as any in his age." — Wortliii's of Yorkshire, ed. 1840, iii. 428.
Mr. Hallam remarks that, whilst Lydgate and Bishop
Pecock are not read with ease by the modern student, the
Paston Letters, Sir John Fortescue's Discourse on Mon-
archy, aud Harding's Chronicle, present scarcely any
difficulty. See Literary Hist, of Europe, ed. 1S54, i. 311-
312. See also Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic. ;
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Hibdin's Typ. Antiq. ;
and his Lib. Comp.
Harding, John, late Priest and Dominican Fryar.
A Recantation Serm. on Ps. cxix. 71, Lon., 1620, 4to.
" Wherein he hath declared his just motives which have moved
him to leave the Clmrch of Rome."
Harding, John, D.D., Bishop of Bombay, 1851;
formerly Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars. 1. Scrm., Lon.,
1S37, Svo. 2. Serm., 1841, 12mo.
Harding, Nathaniel. Serms., Lon., 1714, '15, both
Svo.
Harding, S. and E, 1. Shakspeare illustrated by
Portraits and Views, Lon., 1793, Svo. 2. Biographical
Mirrour, 1795-1810, 3 vols. 4to, £7 lOs.
Harding, Samuel. Sicily and Naples, or the Fatall
Union ; a Traganly, 1040, 4to.
Harding, Samnci. Coats of Arms of English No-
bility, Lon., 1741. 4to.
Harding, or Hardinge, Thomas, D.D.,1512-1572,
educated at and Fellow of New College, Oxford, Hebrew
Prof, of the Uuiv. iu 1542, became a zealous Roman Ca-
tholic, and wrote seven controversial tracts (1564-63) in
opposition to Bishop Jewel.
" Each writer. Jewel and Hardinge, was considered as the
champion of his party, and each allowed hy both parties to dis-
play great ability in the controversy." — Charles Butler.
Humphrey thus compares them :
783
HAR
IIAR
•' lu inultis pares sunt & amljo doctrinfe &. eloquentiie gloria
priecellentes." — Life of Ji'wi.
See Jewel, John, and authorities there cited; Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon. ; Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Prince's Wor-
thies of Devon ; Strype's Cranmer; Tanner; Lowndes's
Brit. Lib., 1038.
Harding, Thomas, Variation of the Needle ;
Trans. Irish Acad., IT'JI.
Harding, Rev. Thomas. Edit, of Henrie Bul-
linger's Fiftie Gudlic and Learned Serms., in 5 Decades;
Parker Society, Camb., ]S49-51, *tc., 4 vols. Svo. See
Strype's Annals of the Reform.; Saxii Onomasticon ;
Vita a Sinilero; Melchior Adam in vitis Thcolog.
Hardinge, C. S. Views in India, Lon., 1847, imp.
ful. Pub. £5 58.; £7 7«. ; £10 10«.
Hardinge, George, 174-1-1S16, a son of Nicholas
Uardinge, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., was in 1787
made Senior Justice of the counties of Brecon, Glamor-
gan, and Radmor, and in 1789 appointed Attorney-Gene-
ral to the Queen. He wrote Letters to Burke on the
impeachment of Hastings; Chalmeriana, — an attack on
George Chalmers's Supji. Apology for the Believers in the
Shakspeare Papers, 18US, 8vo ; the Essence of Malone, —
an attack on Maloue's Life of Dryden, 1800, 8vo, 2d ed.
same year ; Another Essence of Malone, — an attack on
Malone's Shakspeare, 1801, 8vo ; The Filial Tribute;
Three Serms., by a Layman ; An Essay on the Character
of Jonathan; The Russian Chiefs, an Ode, 1S14, 4to; 2d
ed., same year; Memoirs of Dr. Sneyd Davics, 1817, Svo.
A speech of his, delivered at the Bar of the House of
Lords, against Fox's East India Bill, was pub. in 1783,
Svo. His Miscellaneous Works in Prose and Verse, with
the life of the author, were pub. by John Nichols in 1818,
3 vols. Svo, q. v.; see also Nichols's Lit. Anec, and Har- I
DiNGE, Nicholas.
Hardinge, Rev. H, Remarks on the 12th and 14th
Chaps, of 1st Epist. to the Corinth., &c., Lon., 1836, Svo.
"This tract elut-idates certain words and difficult passages in
the third and thirteenth chapters of 8t. Paul's First jipistle to the
Corinthians." — Hoi-nc's BihI. liih.
Hardiuge, Nicholas, M.P., 1700-1758, father of G.
Hardinge, educated at King's Coll., Camb., was chief clerk
of the H. of Commons, 1731-62, and subsequently appointed
joint Secretary of the Treasury. He was an excellent
classical scholar and a learned antiquary. Poems. Latin,
Greek, and English, with an Essay on Govt., Lon., 1818,
Svo. A former ed. for private distribution was printed
in 1780. Collected and revised by George Hardinge.
See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems, 1780, Svo.
Uardisway, Peter, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1723. '27.
Hardman, Rev. Ed. Explan. and Prac. Comment,
on the N. Test., Dubl., 1830-32, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., by
Dalton, 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
" They contain several useful hints on prophetical passages, pub-
lished before his views beramo warped by Irvinj^ism."— Bickebsteth.
Hardman, F. Trans, of Prof. Weiss's Hist, of the
French Protestant Refugees, Lon., 1854, Svo.
" We hail the appearance of M. Weiss's book with pleasure." —
EcHv. Rev.
Hardress, Sir Thomas, Knt. Rep. of Cases in
Exchcq., 1664-80, and to 21 Chas. IL, Lon., 1693, fol.; 2d
ed., Dubl, 1792, fol.
" This volume contains some of the most learnedly argued of
the old Ut^ports." — (Ireen.
See Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 201.
Hardwick, Charles, Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall,
and Whitehall Preacher. 1. An Hist. Inq. rel. to St.
Catherine of Alexandria; Camb. Antiq. Soc. Pub. in
voL XV. 2. Hist, of the Thirty-Nine Articles, Camb., 1851,
Svo. 3. Twenty Serms. for Town Congregations, 1853, cr.
Svo. 4. Hist, of the Christian Church, 7th cent, to the Re-
formation, 1853, p. Svo. Highly commended in the Brit.
Quar., Nov. 1853 ; Clerical Jour., Sept. 22. 1853 ; Chris. Re-
memh.. Oct. 1853; Nonconformist, Nov. 30, 1853; Notes
and Queries, Oct. 8. 1S53; Spectator, Sept. 17, 1853;
Guardian. April 12, 1854.
Hardwick, Humphrey. Serms., Lon., 1644.
Hardwick, Wni, Serm.. Lon.. 1638, 4to.
Hardwicke, Major-Geueral, and Mr. Gray.
lUustrutions of Indian Zoology, Lon., 2 vols, fob, £21.
See Archieol., 1785: Trans. Linn. Soc, 1804.
Hardwicke, Earls of. See Yorke.
Hardy. Duty of the Customs, 1803.
Hardy, Miss. Owen Glendower; an Historical Ro-
mance. Lnii., 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Hardy, Lieut. Sporting Adventures in the New
World. Lon.. 1855, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Hardy, Francis, Memoirs of the Polit. and Private
7t>4
Life of James Caulfield, Earl of Charlemont, Lon., 1810,
4to; 1812, 2 vols. Svo.
" From what we have now said, the reader will conclude that
we think very favourably of this book : and we do think it both
eutfitaining and instructive. But — for there is always a hut in a
Reviewer's praises — it has also its faults and its imperfections; and
theae, fllas ! so p;reat and so many, that it requires all the good-na-
ture we can catch by sympathy from the author not to treat him
now and then with a terrible and exemplary severity." — Lord
Jeffrey: Eiiiu. linv., xix. 96-128; and m fas AJisceUam'ts.
"Not that these Memoirs of Lord Charlemont form a complete
Ilistniy of Ireland during the life of that nobleman : that is what
they neither are nor pretend to be, but they afford a very liberal
and entertaining contribution towards it; they supply a great
de.il of important matter which is not to be obtained from any
other source." — Karl Dudley: Lrm. Quar. Jfn'., vi. 124-147.
Mr. Hardy contributed a paper on the Agamemnon of
j^lschylus to Trans. Irish Acad.. 1788.
Hardy, H. H. Analytical Researches in Spirit Mag-
netism, Lon.. 1832, Svo.
Hardy, Heury. A A''i.sion from the Lord, 1792, Svo.
Hardy, Horatio Charles, Register of Ships in E.
1. Co.'s Service, 1760-1811, Lon., ISll. Revised and con-
tinued by his son.
Hardy, J, Memoirs of Lord Nelson, 1806.
Hardy, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1760, Svo.
Hardy, James, M.B. Colic, &e., 1788, '90, both Svo.
Hardy, John. 1. Voyage to Bermudas, 1G61, 4to.
2. Voyage to Barbadoes, 1671, Svo.
Hardy, John Stockdale, Registrar of the Arch-
deaconry Courts of Leicester. 1. Hours of Thought, Lon.,
1840, fp. Svo. 2. Palace of Phantasy and other Poems,
1845, fp. Svo. 3. Literary Remains, edited by John Gough
Nichols, 1852, Svo.
"A very pleasing work, which will suit ConseiTative politicians
and antiquaries, whilst it affords matter interesting to the I.ccle-
siastical Lawyer." — Lon. Law M-igazhie, J/a.v, 1852.
Hardy, Jos. Tour in the Mts. of the Pyrenees, Lon.,
r. Svo.
Hardy,Nathaniel,D.D., 101 S-1670, entered at Mag-
dalen Hall. Oxford. ]f).S2: became minister of St. Dionis
Back- Church and Vicar of St. Mart in's-in-t he-Fields ;
Archdeacon of Lewes and Dean of Rochester, 1660.
Serms., 1G46-66. First Epist. General of John unfolded
and applied, 1656, 4to. A Puritan exposition.
Hardy, Philip Dixon. 1. Wellington; a Poem,
1814, 4to. 2. Holy Wells of Ireland, 1841, ISmo. 3. Uni-
tarianism Unmasked. 4. The Northern Tourist. 5. The
Philosophy of Christianity : 2d ed., 1847, 12mo. 6. Popery in
Ireland in 1846-47, Svo ;"l847. 7. Tourist through Ireland,
1858. Mr. ILirdy's name is widely known in connexion with
the Dublin Penny Journal and other literary enterprises.
Hardy, R. Spence, AVesleyan Missionary. 1. The
British Government and the Idolatry of Ceylon, Lon.,
1841, Svo. 2. Eastern Monachism, Lon., IS50, Svo.
" The volume deserves an European circulation." — Lon. Chris-
tian I'ime.t.
Hardy, Lieut. R. W. H. Travels in the Interior
of Mexico in 1825-28, Lon., 1829. Svo. Hardy was de-
puted to take charge of a Pearl Fishery in the Gulf of
California. His book gives interesting accounts of Guay-
mas, Sonora, and Lower California. It is illustrated with
maps, and a chart of the junction of the rivers Gila and
Colorado, &c.
" This work is certainly one of the most curious and interesting
that has ever appeared on the subject of this interesting country.
It seems that the author travelled far into the interior, and ex-
plored many parts never before visited by a European." — Court
JoitrnaJ.
*'An exceedingly interesting book, abounding in miscellaneoua
information and anecdote." — United Service Jour.
Hardy, Rev, Robert. Nature of Baptism.
Hardy, Samuel, 1720-179."^, Rector of Blakenham
Parva, Suffolk, pub. some astronom. and theolog. works,
1752-83, among which arc: — 1. Principal Prophecies of
the 0. and N. Tests., Lon., 1770, Svo. 2. New Trans, of
St. Paul's Epist. to the Hebrews, 1783, Svo.
"The alterations of the common translation in the version of
the Hebrews are not very numerous, yet they are sometimes
rather free. The notes are short, and the doctrine orthodox." —
Orme's Bill. Bib.
3. Novum Testamentum Graecum Scholisis Theologicus
et Philologicus, 2 vols. Svo; Londini, 1768; 2d ed., 1776;
3ded.. 1820.
*' It was a very useful companion to every biblical student, and
has gone through two editions, (the 2d in 177G.1 the lirst of which
is the best; but it must be acknowledj^ed that the Greek text in
both is inexcusably incorrect.-' — Dr. Clarke.
"The//*(/(7 edition of this work is the most correct : it is beauti-
fullv printed. The notes are chiefly extracted from Poole's Synop-
sis.''_i/„nu'5 BihI. Bib.
"Hardy does not assign them [the notes] to their rt>spertive
authors, and the doctrines which they contain are not always very
correct." — Onnt's Bibl. Bib.
HAR
HAR
Hardy, Thomas, D.D. The Patriot, with Observ.
on the writings ol T. Paine, 2il ed., EJin., 1793, Svo.
Hardy, T. UuH'us, Assistant Keeper of the Public
KecorJs. 1. A Uescrip. of the Close Rolls in the Tower
of London, Lon., 1S:)3, Svo. Privately printed.
"This volume contains Mr. IK^riiy 's Introduction prefixed to
the Close Rolls, printed Ity order of bis Majesty's Commissioners
fir Pulilic Hecords."— .tfdrtm's Cat. of Privaldi I'rinttd ISooks, 2d
ed , 1S54, 442.
2. A Cat. of Lord-Chancellors, Keepers of the Great
Seal, Masters of the Rolls, and Principal Officers of the
High Ct. of Cliancery, from the earliest period to the pre-
Bent time, 184.3, Svo. 260 copies printed.
3. Monumenta llistorica Britannica, by IT. Petrie, J.
Sharpe, and T. D. Hardy, 1849, fol. 4. Memoirs of Rt.
Hon. Lord Langdale, 1852, 2 vols. Svo. 5. New ed. of Le
Neve's Fasti Ecclesia! Anglicann;, corrected and continued
from 1715 to the present time, 0.xf., 1854, 3 vols. Svo. A
most valuable work.
Hardy, Win. Time-Keepers, 1806-08.
Hardyng, John. See Hahding.
Hare and Skiuuer. The Silk-Worm; Trans. Amer.
Soc, ii. 347.
Hare, Mrs. Dilapidations of the Palace at Chichester
impartially stated, Lon., 1742, 4to.
Hare, Augustus J. C. Epitaphs for Country Church-
yards, Lon., 1856.
" We commend Mr. Hare's little book very willinirlv — especially
to the country clerfiy.''— it-n. Athettfruw. Miij 3. 1S5C.
Hare, Augustus William, late Fellow of New Col-
lege, and Rector of Alton-Barnes since 1829, d. at Rome
in 1834, aged 40. Scrms. to a Country Congregation, Lon.,
1837, 2 vols. Svo; 7th ed., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 1
•' Very striking and useful." — Bickerslfth's Chris, .^tti. !
"They are. in truth, as it appears to us, on the whole, composi-
tions of very rare merit in their kind." — Loji. Quar. itVc. lix. 3:3-48.
_'• All HL-iy read them with profit: hut to cleri^ymen. if studied
withdiscretion. they amy prove serviceable in uo common degree."
•~Lott. Cliris. Observer.
"These volumes present us with the workings of a pious and
highly-gifted mind." — British Mug.
"Of recent writer.s there is none with whom we are acquainted
who, in point of ibction. so well deserves to be a model, as the iate
Augustus William Hare." — Edin. Rfv., Ixxii. C6-9S.
JMr. Hare was one of the authors of Guesses at Truth by
Two Brothers: see Hare, JrLirs Charlks.
Hare, Rev. Edward Wesley. 1. Treat, on Justi-
fication, 2d ed., with a Pref. Ijy Thos. Jackson, Lon., 1839,
12mo. Highly esteemed liy the Wesleyan Methodists.
2. Preservative against the Errors of Socinianism, Svo.
Written in reply to Mr. Grundy of Manchester.
"The author [Hare] was an acute reasoner, and very familiar
with the holy scriptures."— flr. E. Williams's C. P.
Hare, Francis, D.D., d. 1740, a native of London,
admitted of King's Coll., Camb., where he subsequently
became tutor, 1688; Dean of AVorcester, 1708; Dean of
St. Paul's, 1726 ; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1727 ; trans, to Chi-
chester, 1731. To Dr. Hare as a classical critic and as a
theologian we have already had occasion to allude in our
lives of Richard Bpistlev, see p. 171 ; .\nthony Colli.vs,
see p. 412; and Thomas Edwards, see p. 548. We may
readily believe that
" Hare was excessively piqued at the utter annihilation of his
Terence and Phadrus. the one soon after its hirth. the other before
its birlh. hy lientley's edition of both together in 1726, who never
once names H.ire."
For further information respecting this learned critic
— for such he certainly was, though no Bentley — consult
authorities referred to below. He took a lively interest in
the Bangorian Controversy, and pub. a number of pieces
against Hoadly, which were included in the collective ed.
of his Works, 1746, 4 vols. Svo. Again, 1755, 4 vols. Svo.
The following works of his deserve a special notice:
1. Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the
Stndy of the Scriptures in the Way of Private Judgment,
1714, '35, '45, Svo.
"With all the merit of this beautiful satire, I believe that had
the author foreseen that the liberty which animates this line-turned
piece of raillery would have given scandal to any good man, he
would have made abatement in the vigour of his wit and argu-
ments."— Bp. WARaCFlToN.
2. Psalmomm Liber in Versiculas Metriee divisus, etc.,
1736, 2 vols. Svo.
"This work does more honour to the genius and industry of the
author than to his judgment. That the Psalms are poetical is very
obvious; but that they are constmcted on similar piinciples with
Greek and Latin verse tlie learned bishop has failed to prove. The
true pronunciation of Hebrew is irrecoverably lost, and the dis-
cussions of Meibomlus. Gomarus. and Le Clerc. have thrown little
light on it. The hypothesis of Uare met with an .ible antagonist
in Bishop Lowth, and a defender in Dr. Edwards."^0r?/ie'si?(6i.
Bth.
Mr. Orme refers to Bishop Lowth's Metrics! Hareanae
brevis Confutatio, annexed to his Lectures, De Sacra Poesi
60
Hcbrteornm. The Edwards whom he names is Thomofl
Edwards, in whose life we have already referred to this
controversy. See Whiston's Life; Swil't's Works ; Cole's
MS. Athenas in Brit. Mus. ; Gent. Mag. ; Blackwood's Mag.,
xxviii. 653.
Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine. A Scale of Devotions,
musical and gradual ; or, Descants on the 15 Psalms of
Degrees, Lon., 1681, fol.
Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine, 169.3-1749. a profound
scholar :ind learned antiquary, jiub. a poem in the Acade-
mia; Ox(»niensis Comitia Piiilologica, 1713, and in the
Musie Anglicana, iii. 403, under the title of Musarum ob-
latio ad Rcginam.
Hare, Hugh. 1. A Charge at Sessions. 2. The Con-
spiracy of Ficschi, trans, from the Italian of Mascardi,
Lon., 1693, Svo.
Hare, J. I. Clark, and Wallace, Horace Bin-
ney. 1. American Leading Cases in Law, Phila., 2 vols,
Svo. 1847 ; 3d ed., 1852. 2. Smith's (J. W.) Leading Cases
in Law, 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., with addits., 1S52,
2 vols. Svo. 3. White (F. T.) and Tudor's (0. D.) Leading
Cases in Equity, with addits., 2d Amer. ed., 1852, 3 vols.
Svo. 4. The New English Exchequer Reports, 35 vols,
pub. to 1S55.
"I scarcely know of any volumes which I deem of more im-
portance or value for a professional library.'* — Joseph Stoht.
See Wallace, Horace Binney.
Hare, James, d. 1808. Serms., Ac, 1797-1809.
Hare, John. St. John's Ghost ; or, Anti-Normanisme,
Lon.. 1647. 4to. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany.
Hare, Julius Charles, Rector of Huratmonceaux,
Archdeacon of Lewis, a Canon of Cliichester, Chaplain to
the Queen, and late Fellow of Trinity Coll., Camb.. d. 1855,
aged 59. Tliis learned gentleman pub. The Mission of the
Comforter, The Victory of Faith, and other sermons, a
number of theological and other works. He is best known
to general readers as one of the authors — in conjunction
with his brother, Augustus William Hare, and others — of
Guesses at Truth, and as joint translator with Bishop
Thirlwall of vols. i. and ii. of Niebuhr's History of Rome.
The 1st ed. of Guesses at Truth appeared in 1827, and
the 3d in 1847: Series Second, 2d ed., 1848. Thirlwall
and Hare's trans, from Niebuhr was first pub. in 1828-32,
2 vols. Svo. A new ed. was issued in 1855. In IS4S Mr.
Hare edited the Essays and Tales of John Sterling, with .
a Memoir of his Life, in 2 vols. 12mo. Mr. Carlyle evinced
but little satisfaction with the labours of the editor. For
further information respecting Arclideacon Hare and his
literary labours, see Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855. 424-
425; Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discussions; Hallam's Literary
Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., i. 298-301, n. ; M.adden's Life of
the Countess of Blessington; Edin. Rev., Jan. 1833: Lon.
Quar. Rev., July, 1855; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxv. 657;
Blackw. Mag., xlii. 92 ; xliii. 2S7-2SS; Longman's Notes
on Books, Aug. and Nov. 1855.
Hare, Robert, .M.D., 1781-1858, an eminent chemist.
Emeritus Prof, of Chemistry in the University of Penn-
sylvania. He distinguished himself by a number of
important scientific discoveries, among which the agency
of the compound hydro-oxygen in obtaining a greater
amount of heat than had ever before been developed is
perhaps the best known. This discovery was made by Dr.
Hare when he was but about twenty -one years of age. In
1810 he pub. a pamphlet entitled Brief View of the Policy
and Resources of the United States, and he is the author
of more than one hundred and fifty papers contributed to
various periodicals. His last publication was Spiritualism
Scientifically Demonstrated, N. York, 1865, Svo.
Hare, Samuel. 1. Practical Observations on Curva-
tures of the Spine, 3d ed., Lon., IS49, Svo.
" We therefore unhesitatingly commend his work as a truthful
and trustworthy statement of the power of scientific Surgery and
Medicine over some of the most grievous hindrances to human
activity and industry." — Lon. Mudical Gfuettf..
2. Physical Education of Children, 1852, Svo.
Hare, Thomas. Serms., 1747-48.
Hare, Thomas. Con. to Trans. Hort. Soc, 1S17.
Hare, Thomas. 1. Discovery of Evidence. Lon.,
1836, Svo; N. York, 1836, Svo. 2. Rep. in Chancery,
1841-62. 8 vids. Svo. 3. In conjunction with H. J. Nicholl
and J. M. Carrow, Cases rel. to Railways and Canals is
Law and Equity, 1835-52, 6 vols. Svo.
Harewood, Harry. Diet, of Sports, Lon., 12mo.
Harflete, Henry. 1. A Banquet of Essayes, ic, Lon.,
1653. suL 8vo. 2. Vox Ccelorum ; Predictions Defended, Svo.
Harford, Charles Joseph. Antiquities found in
Somersetsliire: Archicol., 1N03.
Harford, John S. The Life of Thomas Burgess,
HAR
D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Salisbury, 2d ed., Lon., 1841,
fp. 8vo.
"One of the most pleasing, as well as instructive. Tolumes of
Christian and ecclesiastical biography which of late years has
issued from the press. The Christian reader will peruse it with
deli^rht and pratitude; and ecclesiastics of every rank may read ic
for their fjuidance and instruction." — Lon. Qiiar. iiVc.
""Written in the clear, simple, and unaffected style which be-
comes biography; and is interesting at once from its subject, and
from the various letters and anecdotes it contains of literary and
ecclesiastical contemporaries." — British Critic.
'■.\ very interesting memoir." — Britisli Mag.
See BriiGESs, TiioHAS, D.D.
Harford, Raph. A fJospel Engine; or. Streams of
Love and Pity to quench and prevent new flames in Eng-
land. Lon., 1(549, fol.
Hargrave, A. Collegiate Physicians, Lon., 1676, 4to.
Hargrave, Ely. See IlAnoRovE.
Hargrave, Francis, 1741-1821, an eminent law-
writer, educated at the Univ. of O.\ford, has been already
noticed in our lives of Chablks BuTLEn, Sir El)^VABD Coke,
and Sir IMatthew Hale. He removed to Lincoln's Inn in
1764, and in 1772 distinguished himself in the Habeas
Corpus of James Somersett, a negro for whom he was
counsel. In addition to his labours upon Coke on Little-
ton, his ed. of Hale's Jurisdiction of tlie Lords* House of
Parliament, and the published report of the case of So-
mersett, his best-known works are — 1. An Argument in De-
fence of Literary Property, 1774, or. 8vo. 2. Collec. of
State Trials, 1776, 11 vols, fob; usually bound in 6.
Howell's State Trials is the best collection : see the article
State Trials in Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 660-661, and authori-
ties there cited ; and see Howell, T. B., in this Dictionary.
3. A Collection of Tracts rel. to the Law of England, from
MSS. never before pub., 1787, 4to. See 3 Kent, 426; 4
Barn. & Cres., 605; 15 East, 304; 5 Barn. &, Aid., 285;
Hofi'. Leg. Stu.. 186; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 241; SO
Lon. Month. Rev., 484. 4. Collectanea Juridica; con-
sisting of Tracts rel. to the Law and Constitution of Eng-
land, "Titles of Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1791-
92, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Judicial Arguments and Collections,
1797-99, 2 vols. 4to. 6. Juris Consult E.xcercitations ;
consisting of Tracts upon the Laws of England. Titles of
Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1811-13, 3 vols. 4to.
Mr. Hargrave was possessed of a vast fund of legal eru-
dition.
'• His leg.al power, ,ind the extent of his knowledge, have rarely
been e(inalled. and perhaps never surpassed."
"Mr. Ilargiave. a gentleman of great and profound learning,
than whom no man that ever lived was more conversant with the
law of the country." — Spf.fch of Lord Lyndtiiirst on Life-J\-craf/e
in EngJoiid. dt'livered in ttoi Housp. of Lords, Feb. 7, 1856.
Mr. Hargrave's valuable Law Library was purchased by
Government in 1813 for £8000, and was deposited in the
British Museum.
Hargrave, J. F. Thelluson Act. Lon., 1842, 8vo.
o Mr. Hargrave has treated his very difficult subject with much
learning and acuteness." — 6 Jurid, 426.
Hargraves, Edmiin«l Hammond, the Discoverer
of the tJold-Fields in Australia. Australia and its Gold-
Ficlds, Lon., 1855, p. Svo. See Men of the Time, Lon.,
1856.
Hargraves, James. Serms., 1723, '24, both 4to.
Hargreaves, James. Family Religion, 1811.
Hargreaves, James. Theolog. Essays, &c., Lon.,
Svo.
Hargreaves, Robert. Serms., 1745, '46, both Svo.
Hargreaves, Thomas. Colours for the Artist,
Phil. Mag., 1S14.
Hargrove, Ely. 1. Hist, of Knaresborough, ic,
1769, 12mo; 6th ed., 1809, 12nio. 2. Anecdotes of
-Archery, 1792, 12nio. 3. Yorkshire (Tazetteer, 1806, sm. Svo.
Hargrove, George, or Hargroves, W. Surgeon.
Islands of AValcheren and South Beveland, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Hargrove, VV. Hist, and Descrip. of the City of
York. York, 1818, 3 vols. r. Svo.
Harington, E. C, Prcb. and Chancellor of the
Cathedral Church of E.xefer. 1. Notes on the Church of
Scot. 1555-1842, Edin., 1843, Svo. 2. Consecration of
Churclics, 1844, '47, Svo. 3. Succession of Bishops in the
Ch. of Eng. unbroken, 1846, '52, Svo. 4. Serms. on Apos-
tolical Succession, 1847, Svo. 5. Reformers of Ang. Ch.,
and Macaulay's England, Svo. 6. Rcconsecration, tfec. of
the Churches, 1850, Svo. 7. The Bull of Pius IX., 1850,
Svo. 8. Letter, &c. of the LV. Canon in 1S51, Svo. 9. A
Few Words in Answer to the Rev. W. Goode's Reply to
Archdeacon Churton and Chancellor Harington on the
LV. Canon, etc., 1852, Svo. 10. Serm., Acts xxiv. 4,
1852, Svo.
Harington, Henry, M.D. See Harrington.
7ti«
EAR
Harington, Rev. Henry. See Harrington.
Harington, John Herbert. See Harrington.
Hariot, Thomas. See Harriot.
Harkey, S. W,, Lutheran Pastor, Frederick, Md.
1 Address before Phrenakosraian Society of Pennsylvania
College, Gettysburg, 1837. 2. Lutheran Sund.ay-School
Question-Book, Fredericktown, 1838. 3. The Visitor,
editor, Frederick, 1840. 4. Translation of Starke's Prayer-
Book. 5. The Church's Best State. 6. Sermon on the
Death of Gen. Harrison. 7. Sermon on National Thanks-
giving. 8. Prisons for Women.
Harkness, Albert. 1. Arnold's First Latin Book,
N.York, 12mo. 2. Second Latin Book, 1853, 12mo. These
manuals have been highly commended by distinguished
professors in a number of colleges.
Harkness, J. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1811.
Harkness, Rev. J. Messiah's Throne and King-
dom, N. York, 1853, 12nio.
Harlan, J., of Philadelphia. Memoir of India and
Affghanistan, Phila., 1842, 12mo. See Lon. Athenaeum,
1842, 779-781.
Harlan, Richard, M.D., of Philadelphia. 1. Fauna
Americana, Phila., 1S25, Svo. 2. Medical and Physical
Researches, 1835, Svo. Various medical and other essays.
Harlaud, Marion. See Hawes, Miss Mary Vir-
ginia.
Ilarle, Jonathan, M.D. An Hist, Essay on the
State of Physic in the 0. and N. Test, and the Apocry-
phal Interval, Lon., 1729, Svo.
Harley. Justification of the H. of Com., 1701, foL
Harley, Sir Edward. An Essay towards the Set-
tlement of Peace ami Truth in the Church, Lon., 1681,
4to. Wo presume this work to be the production of the
elder Edward Harley, father of Robert, Earl of Oxford,
and of the succeeding.
Harley, Hon. Edward, brother to Robert, Earl of
Oxford. 1. An Essay for composing a Harmony between
the Psalms and other Parts of the Scripture, Ac, Lon.,
1724, r. 4to; 1732, Svo. Anon.
"This is a book of piety rather than of learning."— Orme's BiW.
Bib.
2. Harmony of the Four Gospels, 1733, Svo. Anon.
" Both works are creditable to the author's acquaintance with
the Scriptures." — Orme: ubi supra.
The two were pub. with Harley's Abstract of the His-
torical Part of the 0. Test., ic, and Observ. thereupon,
by the Bishop of Sodor and Man, in 1735, 2 vols. Svo.
Vol. ii. includes the two works first noticed.
Harley, George. Circumstances respecting the late
Charles Montford, Esq., 1804, Svo.
Harley, George Davies, a comedian, pub. a num-
ber of Poems, Ac, 1787-1806.
Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer,
16B1-1724. eldest son of Sir Edward Harley, and a dis-
tinguished statesman, was an eminent patron of letters
and a great collector of literary treasures. His library
was perhaps the most extensive ever collected by a private
individual, with the exception of that of Richard Heber.
The Ilarleian Collection of MSS. was purchased by the
government for £10,000, and is now deposited in the British
Museum. An Index to the Haideian Collection of MSS.
was pub. in 1759-63. 2 vols. fol. But a very complete
one, compiled by Messrs. Wanley, Casley, Hooker, Nares,
Shaw, and Douce, was pub. in 1808, 3 vols. fol. Another
vol.— being Indices of Persons, Places, and Matters, by
the Rev. Dr. T. Hartwell Home — was pub. in ISOS, foL
This catalogue was formerly sold at £8 Ss. It is now
(1S56) worth £2 2«. Every historical and legal student
should have it in his library.
" This Catalogue is a key to inexhaustible sources of informa-
tion on almost every subject; but to those who are interested in
historical, antiquarian, or biographical literature, it is indispens-
able, and, as well as the Cottoniau and Lansdowne Catalogues,
will well repay an attentive peru.sal; for so infinite is the variety
of the subjects which occur, that the gener.al Indexes furnish but
an imperfect idea of the contents of these matchless collections,"
■ — Sir N. Harris Nicolas: see a Descrip. of the Contents, Ac, of
the various Works printed by Authority of the Kecord Commis-
sion, Lon.. 1831, Svo.
The Printed Books of the Harleian Library were pur-
chased by Thomas Osborne, the bookseller. He gave only
£13,000 for the collection ; although Lord Oxford had ex-
pended £18,000 on the binding only of the least part of
them ! Osborne employed Dr. Johnson, Oldys, and Mattaire,
to prepare a catalogue of this noble collection. It appeared
in 1743-45, 6 vols. Svo, uuder the title of Catalogus Biblio-
thccsB Harleiana; in Locos Communes distributus, cum
Indico Auctorum. The Latin dedication to Lord Cartaret
was written by Mattaire; vols. i. and ii., in Latin, were
HAR
HAR
written by Dr. Johnson : vols. iii. nnd iv., which nro a
repetition in English of the two former, were prepared
hy Oldys. Vol. v. does not properly belong to the other
four, as it is simply an enumeration of Osborne's old
stock. The Preface, which was originally issued as a
Prospectus to the work, was written by Johnson:
*'llis account of that celebrated cnllfction of books, in which
he displays the importance to literature of what the French call a
catahiiftte ranfmn^t; when the subjects of it are extensivi* and
T;iiious. and it is executed with ability, canrmt fail to impress all
hi^ nridiTS with admiration of his philological attainments." —
lldswLLr. : Li/f I'f Dr. Johnson.
'• In my humble apprehension, the preface is unworthy of the
d'ictor : it cnntnins a few general philolopical reflections, t-xpressed
in a style siifliiiently stately, but is divested of bibliographical
anecdote and interesting intelligence." — 1)r. Dibdin: Bibliomania;
q. r. for an interesting analysis of the Ilarleian Library.
Having thus disposed of the MS. and Printed Books,
we at length reach the pamphlets of the library; and here
we arc at once overwhelmed with the amplitude of the
field, for Gough assures us that the number was coinjnUed
to be 400,000! See Brit. Topog., v. i. 660. From this
vast trejisury the indefatigable Oldys extracted between
6U0 and 700, which were pub. in 8 vols. 4to, 1744-46. A
new ed. wns pub. by Malham in 1S08-11, 12 vols. 8vo,
£3 Ss.; r. 8vo, £14 's«. Another cd., by Thomas Park,
was issued in 1808-13, 10 vols. r. 4to, 2 vols, being com-
posed of additional matter, £33 12s. A Selection from
the Ilarleian Miscellany of Tracts which principally re-
gard English History, of which many are referred to by
Hume, was pub. in 1793, 4to. The value of this w<irk is
not to be measured by money nor expressed by words. It
should always accompany The Somcrs Collection, Howell's
State Trials, Harrington's Nuga) Antiqua;, Evelyn's and
Pepys's Diaries, and the standard histories of England.
*'To the importance of this collection of Tracts and Papers for
elucidating many historical occurrences no person who feels inte-
rested in the discovery of truth can Ite inattentive." — EriiToit.
" I hardly know of any one collection, or set of Tolunips. likely
to be productive of more varied entfrtninment. especially if the
reader hare a philological turn." — Vilxlhi's Lib. Comp.
A Collection of Voyages and Travels, compiled from
the curious and valuaVde Library of the Earl of Oxford,
was pub. by Thomas Osborne in 1745, 2 vols. fol. This is
called the Ilarleian Collection of Voyages. See CnnncniLL,
OwNSHAM and John. A Catalogue of his Lordship's Pic-
tures, Coins, and Medals, was pub. in 1741, 4to. But, in
our admiration of the Earl's literary treasures, we must
not forget the only thing which enables us to introduce an
account of his library, viz. : that he was himself an author.
To him ore ascribed (1.) A Scriptural and KatiounI Ac-
count of the Christian Religion, Lon., 1695, 8vo. 2. An
Essay on Public Credit, 1710. Inserted in the Snmers
Collection. Reprinted, with short Hist Notes, 1797, 8vo.
3. An Essay upon Loans. 4. A Vindic. of the Rights of
the Commons of Eug. ; signed Humphry Mackworth.
5. Answer to Articles against hiiu, 1715. 6. The Secret
Hist, of Arlns and Adolphus, 1720, 8vo. An Account of
the conduct of Robert, Earl of Oxford, 1715, Svo, is sup-
posed by Park to be the composition of his lordship, on
account of the favourable representation given of his cha-
racter. But tliis is but doul/tful evidence. For further
particulars respecting the Earl of Oxford see Collins's
Peerage, by Sir S. E. Brydges ; Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors ; Swift's Works ; Spence's Anecdotes ; Dibdin's
Bibliomania, and his Bibl. Decam. ; Co.\e's Life of Wal-
pole ; histories of England; — especially note Macaulay's
Hist, of England, vol. iv.
Hai-Iey, Win., d. 1830. The Ilarleian Dairy Sys-
tem, (tc, Lon., 1829, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biug.
Harlowe, Pcdapll, Detection of R. Breerly's Fraud
in a Book entit. The Judgment of the Apostles, Lon,,
1641, 4to.
Harlwick, Wm. Hist, of the Third Session of the
Present Pari., Ac, Lon.. 1717, Svo.
Harm, J. Infant Baptism. 1808.
Harman, Ephraini, ([lerhaps a fictitious name.) A
Lett, to T. Rand.ili.h's Party Zeal Censured, 1752, Svo.
Harnian, Isaac. Tiieolug. treatises, Lon., 1768, 73.
Harnian, John, wrote two books against the Rev.
Geo. Whitefield. 1761, '64, and a treatise on Comets, 1769.
Harnian, Paul. Materia Mcdica.
Harnian, Thomas, a magistrate (C7iip. Elizabeth.
1. A Cauet for commen Cvrestors, vulgarely called Vaga-
bones, newly augmented and imprinted, 1567, London, by
Wylliam Gryffith, 4to. Very rare, and has been sold for
£16. Another ed., London, by Henry Middleton, 1S7|3,
4to. Reprint from this last ed., 1814, 4to; 100 copies
struck off.
"The illustration of the manners and customs of a country, and
particularly those of our own. is always interesting. In this point
of vi«w it is hoped th.it the present 'reprint will prove acr-nptable
as descriptive of a class of society during the reign of Queen Eliza^
bath.'' — Advertisement.
This book is supposed to contain the earliest account
of the " Canting Crew." 2. The Fraternity of Vagabones,
Per Anonymuni, 1575.
Harmand, T. Dictionary of French Homonymes,
Glasg.. 1SI7. 12rno.
Harmar, .lolin. Warden of AVinchester, d. 161.S, was
employed nn the trans, of the Bible, and pub. some of
Cbrysostom's Homilies from MSS. in the Library of New
College, Oxford, and trans, of semis, of Calvin and Beza.
See authorities cited in next article, and see Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
Harmar, John, 1594?-1670, son of the preceding,
and a schoolmaster and divine, pub. Praxis Grammatica,
1622; Janua Linguarum, 1626 ; Protomartyr Britannus,
1627; Lexicon Etymologicon Gra^cum, 1637; several ora-
tions, &c.; and translations from the Greek and Latin.
"lie was a most excellent philologist, and a toleralile Latin
pnet; was happy in rend'ring Greek into Latin, or Latin into
English, or English into Greek or Latin, whether in prose or
verse; whii-h we now call tiansversing and transposing."' — Athen.
Oxon.
'■ He was an honest, weak man." — Nbal.
See Wood's Athen. Oxon,, and his Annals and Life;
Neal and Calaniy; Biog. Brit., in art. Butler.
Harmer, Anthony. Under this fictitious name the
Rev. Henry AVharton pub. his Specimen of some Errors
and Defects in Bishop Burnet's Hist, of the Reformation,
Lon., 1693, Svo. See Wharton, Henry.
Harmer, James. Documents, etc. rel. to the trial
of Hullowuy and Hagerty, 1807, 8vo.
Harmer, T. Fishes; Phil. Trans., 1707.
Harmer, Kev, Thomas, 1715-1788, a learned Dis-
senting diviuc, a native of Norwich, England, became
minister of a congregationatWattesfield, Suffolk. 1. Ob-
servations on various Passages of Scripture; placing them
in a light altogether new, from Relations in Books of
Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1764, Svo. Eubirged ed.,
1776, 2 vols. Svo. Two addit. vols., Svo, 1787; 4tb ed.,
with addits. by Adam Clarke, LL.D. ; 5th and best cd., by
A. Clarke, with Life, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. Bishop Lowth,
on the pub. of the first two vols., was so pleased with this
work, that he lent to the author the unpub. MSS. of the
celebrated Chardiu, from which Harmer obtained much
new matter. This work .■should be in the library of every
Biblical student and Oriental antiquary. A trans, of the
1st ed. was made into German by John Ernest Faber, and
pub., with notes and addits. of his own and of Prof. Sey-
bold, in 1772 and '75, 2 vols. Svo. A third vol. appeared
in German in 1776.
"This fict shows the estimation of the work abroad, which all
classes at Imnie have agreed to t.-omun'nd." — Ormf's Bibl. Bib.
" The design of this work is very useful, and it has been exe-
cuted with great ability." — Bishop Watson.
"In which he has cast much light on many difficult texts that
relate to the customs and manners, religious and civil, of the
Asiatic nations, by quotations from the works of ancient and mo-
dern travellers In ditferent parts of the East, who have described
those customs, Ac. as still subsisting." — Dr. A. Claree.
" In this work numerous passages of Scripture are placed in a
light altogether new; the meanings of others, which are not dis-
coverable by the methods commonly used by interpreters, are
satisfactorilv ascertained; and many probable conjectures are
offered to the Biblical Student."— //or«e's Bibl. Bib.
"Light is thrown on them from Eastern Customs." — Bicker-
stetlis C. S.
2. Outlines of a New Comment, on Solomon's Song,
drawn by the help of instructions from the East, 1768,
Svo; 2ded., 1775, Svo.
"This is an uncommonly ingenious work, to which all subse-
quent interpreters of the Song have been much irulebt-d. Har-
mer does not consider it as an epithalamium propeily, but as re-
lating to a royal uiarriage, — that of Solomon to the dauL^'hter of
Pharaoh. — and this event as designedly symbolical of the rejec-
tion of the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles. This idea he
supports with great ingenuity, and certainly throws much light
on various jiarts of this beautiful but difficult portion of Scrip-
ture."— Ormr's Bibl. Bib.
" In it very many difficult passages of Solomon's Song are hap-
pily elucidated, and hints are oiTered of which subsequeut i:om-
mentators have not failed to avail themselves. It bears a high
price." — Home's Bibl. Bib.
"Many good illustrations."' — Biclerslelh^s C. iS.
Respecting the different treatment of this part of Scrip-
ture by Harmer, and Dr. John Gill, and Wm. Romaine,
see WUUams's C. P., 5th ed., 1843, 289. 3. Observ. on
the Round Towers of Ireland, Archaiol., 1789. 4. MisceU.
Works, cont'g his Letters, Serms., <!kc., by Youngman,
1S23, Svo.
7,8r
HAR
Harmon, D. W. A Jnurnal nf Voyages and Travels
in the Irteriur of North America, Autlov'er, Vermont, 1S20.
Reviewed in (he Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvi. 409-416.
Harness, John, M.D. Con. to Med. and Chir. Trans.,
isnn.
Harness, Wm., minister of Regent Square Chapel,
Ij'.n.lcjTi, ls2Ci: now incumbent of All-Saints. Knights-
hridge. Among his best-known worlis are — 1. The Con-
ne.\ion of Chri.stianit.v with Human Happiness ; being the
substance of the Boyle Lectures for 18:!1, Lon., 1S23, 2
vols. 8vo.
'*.Mr. Harness has rendered a most important service in thus
exhibiting a picture of the boasted liliL-rty of these states of an-
tiquity, [Greece and Rome. J their loose mi^rals. and corrupt prac-
tices; whilst he satisfactorily proves that the religion of .Jesus can
alone produce ti-ue political wisdom, moderation, or patriotic exer-
tion."— Lmi. Christian liemmih.
2. Parochial Serms., IS3S, 8vo.
"Eloijuent without art or affectation, and earnest without
tanaficism." — Loii. Quar. Rev.
Harney, John M., M.D., 17S9-182.3, a native of
Sussex county, Delaware, settled in Bardstown, Kentucky,
and subsequently at Savannah, tieorgia. He again re-
moved to Bardstown. where he remained until his decease.
In ISIti he pub. anonymously Crystalina: a Fairy-Tale,
in Six Cantos, which was enthusiastically commended by
John Neal, in the Portico, a monthly magazine of Balti-
more, edited by him. After his decease some of his other
productions were given to the world, among which the
Fever Dream lias perhaps been most admired. See Gris-
wold's Poets and Poetry of America. Ifith ed., Pbila.. 1855.
Harper. 1. Rep. of Cases in the Constit. Ct. of S.
Carolina, Columb., 1824, 8vo. 2. Rep. of Equity Cases in
the Ct. of Appeals of S. Carolina, 1S25, 8vo.
Harper of Lincoln's Inn is said to be the author of
the following work, although it was ].ul:.. under the name
of Sir Michael Foster. Examination of Church-Power
laid down in the Codex Juris Eccles. Aug., Ac, Lon.,
1735, Svo; 3d ed. To which is subjoined Dr. Andrews's
Anfwer. 17?,fi. Svo. See Foster, Sin Michael.
Harper, Andrew. Med. treatises. Lon.. 1789, Svo.
Harper, John. Scrm. on Musick, Lon.. U.-^n, 8vo.
Harper, John. The Sea-Side and Aquarium, Lon.,
1858, U'mo. '
Harper, Robert Goodloe, 1765-1825, a native of
Fredericksburg, Virginia, removed to S. Carolina, and be-
came an eminent lawyer, and a member of the IJ. States
Senate. A collective ed. of his Select Works, consisting
of Speeches on Politics and Forensic Subjects, Ac, was
pub. in Baltimore in 1814, Svo.
" His writings are energetic, manly, profound, satisfactory. We
hold him to be, alto;^ethcr, one of the ablest men that North Ame-
rica has produced."— John Neal: Blaclrw. Mag., xvii. 56.
Harper, S. Title-Dceds. 3d ed., Lon.. 1829, 8vo.
Harper, Rev. T. Christian Teacher, 2d ed., Lon.,
1806.
Harper, Thomas. Accomptant's Companion, 12mo.
Harper, Walter. Serms., 1789, '96, '97.
Harplcy, T. 1. Poems. Lon., 1785, 8vo. Written in
eonjunctic.n with W. Sancroft. 2. The Genius of Liver-
pool; a Drama, 1790, 8vo. 3. The Milliners; a Burletta,
1790, 8vo. 4. The Triumph of Fidelity; a Drama in
rhyme, 1790, 8vo.
Harpsfield, John, d. 1578, Dean of Norwich, and
chaplain to Bbsbop Bonner, partook largely of his perse-
cuting spirit. 1. Concio ad Clerum, Lon., 1553, 8vo. 2.
Homilies, 1554, '55, '56. Of Bonner's Homilies, nine were
written by Harpsfield. 3. Serin., 1556, 16ino. 4. Suppu-
tatio Temporum a Diluvio ad A. ri. 1559, '60. 5. Dispu-
tations and Epistles in Fox's Acts and Monuments.
" A grand ze-nlot for the Rom.Catb. Religion."— ,4(/ien. Oim.,q.v.
See also Doild's Ch. Hist. ; Fox's Acts and Monuments.
Harpsfield, Nicholas, d. 1583, Regius Prof, of
Greek at Oxford, Preb. of St. Paul's, and Archdeacon of
Canterbury, was a brother of the preceding. 1. Dialot^i
sex, Ac, Antwerp, 1506, '7:1, 4to. Published under the
name of Ala.n Cope, q. v. in this Dictionary. 2. llistoria
Anglicana Ecclesiastica, Dimci, 1622, fol.
'"Tis a book no less learnedly than painfully performed ; and
abating his partiality to his own interest, he well deserves of all
posterity." — Allien. Oxon.
3. Historia hieresis WickleBrana" ; pub. with the former.
He left a number of MSS.
"An eminent theolosist, well skili'd in both the laws, and in
Greek, history, and poetry."— Allifn. Omn.. q. r.
See also Dodd's Ch. Hist. ; Tanner and Pits ; Strype.
Harpur, Joseph, LL.D. An Essay on Philos. Cri-
ticism as applied to Poetry, Lon., 1810, 4to.
Harral, Thomas. A novel, Ac, 1798-1805.
HAR
Harraden, R. B. 1. Cantabrigia Depicta, CamK,
ISOU, 4to: 2d ed., entit. Hist, of the Univ. of Cambridge,
Ac. 1814, sup. r. 8vo. There were also pub. 8 Views and
24 Views illustrative of the Univ. of Camb. 2. 6 Views
in the Isle of Wight and of Nellcy Abbey, 1814.
■ -Harrar, Thomas. The Foure Brothers; the quali-
ties of whom are contayned in this old riddle :
Foure Brethren were bred at once,
M'ithout ttesh. bloud or bones;
One with a beard, but two h.ad none,
I'he fourth had but half one.
161 f). 4to.
Harrington. This name is often written Harinc-
ton. "
I Harrington, E. B. 1. Michigan Chan. Rep., 1836-
, 42, Detroit, 1845, 8vo. In conjunction with E. J. Roberts,
Revised Statutes of Michigan, 1S37-3S, Svo, 1838. 3.
Amer. Equity Digest : sec Barbour, Oliver Lore.vzo,
No. 1.
Harrington, Mrs. E. D., a sister of the late Mrs.
Frances Sargent Osgood, has attained some reputation .as
a contributor to tlie periodicals of the day.
Harrington, Sir Edward, son of'Henry Harrin"-
ton, M. D., of Bath. d. 1807, aged 54. 1. A Schizzo on
the Genius of Man, Lon., 1793, Svo. 2. Travels through
parts of France.
Harrington, Rev. Henry, of Bath, a descendant
of Sir John Harrington. Kniglit, pub. the Nuga> Antiqua:
of the latter, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo ; 2d ed ,
1792, 3 vols. Svo ; 3d ed., by Thus. Park, 1804, 2 vols. 8vo.'
See Harrington, Sir John.
Harrington, Henry, M.D., 1729-1816, an eminent
physician, long resident at Balh, a son of the preceding,
pub. An Ode to Harmony; An Ode to Discord : The Witch
of Wokey, a ballad in the Old English Style ; the Geome-
trical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1806, 4to.
Harrington, James, 1611-1C77, a native of North-
amptonshire, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxibrd, under Chil-
lingworth, acquired gre.at celebrity as a warm supporter
of pcditical freedom. He lived for some time on the con-
tinent, and doubtless imbibed whilst resident at Venice
and the Hague those republican principles which dis-
tinguished him. His principal work is entit. Oceana,
pub. in 1656, fol.:
" A kind of political romance, in imitation of Plato's ' Atlantic
Story.' where by Oceana Ilarrington means England; exhibiting
a plan of republican government, which he would have eivcti-d
here, in case these kingdoms had formed themselves into a senuine
commonwealth. This work, however, pleased no partv, and. as it
reliected severely upon Oliver's usurpation, met with'many'difli-
culties in the publishing."
Harrington pub. also several other political treatises,
1658-60, an Essay upon Virgil, 1658, and a trans, of four
books of the jEneid into English poetry, 1659. A col-
lective ed. of his writings was pub. by "Toland in 1700,
fol. ; a bettor ed. by Toland, Dubl, i737, fol. ; another
ed., Lon.. 1747, fol. ; and the best one, by Thomas Brand
Hollis, with the Life by Toland, in 1771, 4to. As an early
supporter of political liberty in England, the name of
Harrington will always be entitled to the respect of pos-
terity, whatever nuiy be thought of the practicability of
some of his speculations.
" Harrington's Oceana w.as well adopted to that age, when the
plans of imaginary republics were the daily sulgects uf debate and
conversation; and even in our time it is justly admired as a work
of genius and invention. The idea, however, of a perfect and im-
mortal commonwealth will alw.ays be found as chimerical as that
of a perfect and iainiortal man. The style of this author wants
case and fluency ; but the good matter which his work contains
makes compensation." — Hume's Hist, of Eug.
"The only valuable model of a commonwealth that has yet been
offered to the public.'' — Hume's £ssai/s and Treatises.
■■It is strange that Harrington, so little while ago, should be
the brst man to find out so evident and demonstrable a truth as
that of property being the true basis of power. Uis Oceana, allow-
ing for the different situation of things, (.as the less number of
Lords then, those Lords having no share in the Parliament, and
the like.) is cei^tainly one of the best-founded political pieces that
ever was writ.'" — De.^x Lockier.
"Harrington, whose Oceana is justly regarded as one of the
boasts of English literature."— Z)«o<iW Stewart's Prelim. £ss to
Enrijc. Brit.
" In general it may be said of Harrington that he is prolix, dull,
pedantic, and seldom profound, but sometimes redeems himself
bv just observations. Like most theoretical politicians of that
age, he had an excessive admiration for the republic of Venice.
His other political writings are in the same spirit as the Oceana,
but still less interesting.^'- //aWnja's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
See Bing. Brit. ; Athen. Oxon.
Harrington, Sir James. Divine Meditations,
lfiS2. f.l.
Harrington, James, d. 169.3, in his 29th year, was
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and subsequently
EAR
entered the Inner Temple. He contributed some verses
to the MusiB Anglicana?, wrote the preface to the 1st vol.
of Wood's Athena;, and the introduction to vol. ii. ; edited,
with a Life and Prefiicc, the works of Dr. George Strad-
ling, and pub. a number of tracts respecting the Uni-
versity of O.-cford.
'• Ilis dwith was muoh deplorM by those that knew him, because.
1. That he was a prodiiv. considerin<; his a-^e. in his knowledge
of the common law ; '2. That he was a person of excellent parts ;
and. 3. Thut he was very honest in his dealinii. and of a pood and
eeneroos nature." — Allien. Oxon. See Bliss's ed. ; and Nichols's
Alterburv.
Harrington, John, of Stepney, 15:14-1582, father
of Sir .lolin Harrin^t^'n. wrote some poetical pieces, &c.,
nliich were puli. in the Nupa; Antiqua?. See ne.\t article.
His lines are thoufrht to e.thibit a polish not common in
tlie writers of the day. The "Verses made on Isabella
Markhame" have been greatly extolled:
♦■ If the pneni hL-re selected be ri^rhtly attributed to him by the
Harinirtnn papers, be cannot be denied the sinjjiular merit of hav-
iuir united au eleijance of taste with an artifice of style which tar
exceeded his contemporaries." — Ellis's SperimcJis.
•■ But hardly anv li^'ht poem of this early period is superior to j (•-",""„ „n B,
some lines addivssed to Is.abella JIarkham by f^ir John [John, "
not .Sir John] IlariniJton, bearin;; the date of 1564. If these are
genuine, and I know not how to dispute it, they are as polished as
any writtnn at the close of the queen's reiiin. These are not in
th.'- I'aradi'^e of Painty Device'i."— //cHam'.s Lit. Hist. r,f Eiirnpe.
Harrington, Sir John, 1561-1612, son of the pro-
ceding, was a great favourite with his godmother. Queen
Elizabeth, although temporarily banished from court for
writing a witty work upon an objectionable theme, en-
tilled The Metamorphosis of Aja.\, Lon.. 1596, Svo. A
license was refused for printing this work, yet it never-
theless went through three impressions. A new ed. of 100
copies was printed, Chiswick, 1S14, Svo. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man. and Bibl. Anglo-Poet, 316-325. Sir John also
pub. (2.) Orlando Furioso, trans, into Heroical English
Verse, Lon., 1591, 1607, fol.: 3d ed., including the Epi-
grams, (dated 1633, pp. 46,) 1634, fol. This is the first Eng-
lish version of Ariosto. The first fifty stan7..as of Book xxxii.
were trans, by Francis Harrington, Sir John's younger
brother.
"Although executed without spirit or accuracy, unanimated and
incorrect, it enriched our poetry by a communication of new stories
of fiction and imajzination. both of the romantic and comic species
of Gothic machinery and familiar manners.'' — iVurton's HUt. of
Eng. P'Kt.
'■ Much admired at the time, though now found to be inaccurate
and feeble." — Ellis's Sperimens.
Another eminent authority, comparing Harrington's
Ariosto with Fairfa.x's Tasso, remarks :
'• The translation of Ariosto by Sir John HaiTington, in 1691, is
much inferior." — Il'ilkiiii's Lit. Hist, fif Earapr.
3. The most elegant and witty Epigrams of Sir J. H.,
1615, 4to. This ed. contains only 115 Epigrams, and
forms the 4th book of the entire collection, pub. 1G18, sm.
Svo; 1625, sm. Svo; 1634, fol.; with the Orlando, 1633,
fol. The Orlando in this vol. is the 3d ed., and is dated
1634, although the Epigrams are dated 1633.
'■ Sir Jotin llaningtou, no less noted for his book of witty epi-
grams than his .judicinus translation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso."
—I'Mlips's riimt. I'oet.
"Formed his most popular production." — Ellis's Specimens.
"The epigrams it must be confessed, although they appear to
have once enjoyed some reputation, possess no poetical merit.
They are flat, colloquial rhymes, of that low tone above which it
seems to haye been difficult 'for the genius of Harrington to rise."
— Cctt.lwrd Litrraria.
4. The Englishman's Doctor, or the School of Salerne,
1609, Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 323. £20. 1624, Svo. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet, 324, £15. 5. The Hist, of Polindor and Flos-
tella, with other Poems, 1651, Svo. 6. Bricfc View of the
State of the Ch. of Eng., 1653, 12mo. This was intended
as a continuation of Bp. Godwin's Catalogue of Bishops,
■who brought his list down to about 1601.
" Malicious remarks upon the bishops of his time." — Bp. Niclr
son's Eng. Hist. Lih.
7. Nugai Antiqufe ; being a Miscell. Collect of Original
Papers in Prose and Verse, temp. Henry VIII., Ed. VI.,
Mary, Eliz., and James, by Sir J. H., and by others who
lived in those times, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo.
Pub. by the Rev. Henry Harrington, of Bath ; 2d ed.,
1792, 3 vols. Svo; 3d ed., newly arranged, with lUust
Notes by Thomas Park, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Prefixed is a
life of the author.
*' In reconducting this miscellany to the press. I have taken the
liberty of reiectinj sereuil prose pieces which had appeared in
preceding editions^ and of inserting otliers that seemed to possess
stronger claims for admission into a m^ange surannt." — Park's
Advert. .
These vols, should bo in the library of every historical
student.
"Sir John Harrington appears to have been a gentleman of
great pleasantry and humour ; his fortune was easy, the court his
IIAR
element, and wit, not his business, but diversion." — Cooper's
illtses' Lilmiri/, p. '297.
In addition to authorities cited above, see Athen. O.xon.;
Hutchinson's Cumberland ; 'Watt's Bibl. Brit
Harrington, John Herbert. 1. Saade's Works in
Persian. Calcut, 1791-95, 2 vols. fol. 2. Laws for Brit
India. 1S05, fol.
Harrington, Joseph, of San Francisco. California.
Serins., with a Memoir of his Life by Wm. Whiting, Bost,
1S55, l2mo.
Harrington, Robert, M.D., pub. a number of trea-
tises upon subjects connected with nat philos. and che-
mistry, 1781-1S04. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Harrington, S. M., Chief-Justice of Delaware. Rep.
in the Sup'r'Ct, .tc. of Delaware, Dover, 1837-44, 3 vols. Svo.
Harrington, Thomas. Science Improved: Nat
and Experiment. Philos., Lon., 1774, 4lo.
Harrington, Wm. The Cr.mendation of Matrimony,
152S, 4to. See Dibdin's Typ. Autiq. of G. Brit; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
Harriot, John-Staples, Col. au 23e Regiment d'ln-
ale. Memoire sur les Kab'i'r Pantis, secto
de dcisles dc I'llindoustan, Par., 1832, Svo.
Harriott, John. An Engine; Nie. Jour., 1S03.
Harriott, John. Struggles through Life. Lon., 1807,
2 vols. 12ino ; 1815. 3 vols. 12ino. This work contains an
amusing account of the author's adventures in New Eng-
land.
Harriott, or Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621, an
eminent mathematician and astronomer, educated at St
Mary Hall, Oxford, of which city he was a native, resided
in tlie family of Sir Walter Raleigh, by whom he was sent
to Virginia, with Sir Richard Grenvilie, in 1585. Of this
province he pub. an .account, enlit. A Briefe and True Re-
port of the New Found Land of Virginia, ic, Lon., 15S8,
fol. This work was pub. in Latin by De Bry A Sons,
Franc, 1590, fob; also in French and German. The
English version is the rarest of the De Bry set of voy-
ages; a copy sold at the Nassau sale produced £100, and
Lord Oxford paid the same sum for his. But we have
already given more space than we can well afford to the
Voyages of De Bry and Sons in our article Richard
HiKLCYT, q. v., and authorities there cited. Harriott's
account of Virginia will be found in vol. iii. of Haklnyfs
Voyages. After Harriott's death Walter Warner pub. from
his MSS. his Artis Analytics Praxis ad ^quationes Alge-
braicas nova, expedita et general! Methodo resolvendas,
Lon., 1631, fol.
" Harriott .... was destined to make the last great discovery
in the pure science of algebra. . . . Harriott arrived at a complete
theory of the genesis of equations, which Cardan and Viefa had
but partially concciyed."— Miitom'.' Lit. Hist, of Europe. See 4th
ed., Lon., 1854; vol i. 464, 466; ii. 223; iii. 181, n. 189.
See also Biog. Brit.; Wallis's Hist of Algebra; Encyc.
Brit; Hutton's Diet; Letters l)y Eminent Persons.
Harris, Miss. Coloured Drawings of British Butter-
flies, from the Collection of Mr. W. E. Leach, with letter-
press Descriptions, Exeter, imp. 4to. 4 Nos.
Harris, Miss. 1. From Oxford to Rome, and how it
fared with some who lately made the journey, by a Com-
panion Traveller, 2d ed., Lon., 1847, Svo. See Lon. Quar.
Rev.,lxxxi. 131-166. 2. Rest in the Church, 1848, sm. Svo.
Harris, Alexander. A Converted Atheist's Testi-
mony to the Truth of Christianity, 4th ed., Lon., fp. Svo.
" A very interesting account of the experience of an iutelligent
and sincere mind on the subject of religion. We can honestly
recommend the book to the notice of our readers."— ion. Ecltx.
K/r.
Harris, Barth. Lusus Serius in Petronii Arbitri,
Matronam Ephesiam, Lon., 1665, 12nio.
"A curious little treatise." — iftdl's Bibl. Brit.
Harris, Catherine. Edwardina: a Nov., 2 vols.
Harris, Chapin A., M.D., b. 1806, at Pompey,
Onondaga county, N. York, Prof, of the Principles and
Practice of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College, Ac.
This college, chartered in 1839-40, the first of its kind in
the world, was originated by Dr. Harris. 1. Dissert on
the Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus, Phil.a., 1842, Svo,
pp. 160. 2. Characteristics of the Human Teelh, Ac,
Bait, 1841, Svo, pp. 119. 3. Dictionary of Dental Science,
1849, Svo, pp. 780 ; 2d ed., entit Diction.ary of Medicine,
Dental Surgery, and the Collater.al Sciences, 1854, r. Svo,
pp. 800. In this ed. the biographical and bibliographical
matter h.as been omitted, but between 7000 and 8000 ne-w
words have been added, and other important improve-
ments have been made.
" This is the only work of the kind in the world, it is presumed,
and one is almost tempted to believe there will never be another,
since whatever belongs to the subject is here brought into au
elaborate alphabetical arrangement, as convenient as could tw
789
HAR
IIAR
desired for reference. This dictionnry is a valuaWo reference for ' Arrangements, Eilin. and Lun., 1775, Svo. This is a por-
the medifal pn^fession also, and m:iy be resorted to with prolit in
regard to a variety of diseases for which they arw consulted."' —
Boston Med. and Surg. Jnurnal. i
4. Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery, Bait.,
1839, Svo, pp. 384,: 7th ed., Phila., 1858, Svo, pp. 892. ]
"We feel warranted in saying that it enibodii'S more practiral
inforniatiun than any other work on tlie sutiject in the English
languajie; we would consequently recommend its perusal in the
most unqua-'fied terms to the medical profession tienerally. and to
the scientific Sur-reon-Dentist in particular."— S(/«i/te7*/t Medical
arid Surgical Journal.
5. Fax's Niitural Hist, and Diseases of the Human
Teeth; edited, with addits., 1846, imp. Svo, pp. 440; 2d
ed., Phila., 1855, Svo. 6. Trans, of Dcsirabode's Complete j
Elements of the Science and Art of the Dentist, Bait.,
1847, Svo, pp. 552; in the original French, about pp. 900.
We are indebted to Dr. H. fur two or three other transla-
tions from the snme language. Dr. llarris has edited the
Amer. Jour, of Dental Science from its commencement in
1839 to the present time, (1858.) — i.e. for nineteen years,
— assisted at various times by Drs. E. Parmly, S. Brown,
E. Maynard, A. Westcot, W. H. Dwiuelle. A. A. Blandy,
and A. Suowdcn Piggot. He has also been a contributor
to the Maryland Jour, of Med. and Chir., Amer. Jour, of
Med. Science, N.York Dental Recorder, and to one or two
literary publications.
Harris, Daniel. Transitof Venus; Phil. Trans., 1769.
Harris, Edmund. Serms., 15S8, '90.
Harris, G. P. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1807.
Harris, George, d. 1796, an English civilian, Chan-
cellor of the dioceses of Durham, Hereford, and Llandaff,
and Commissary of Essex. Herts, and Surrey, was the son
of Dr. John Harris, Bp. of Lhindafl'. 1. Ohserv. upon the
Eng. Language, 1752, Svo. Anon. 2. D. Justiniani lusti-
tutionum, Libri Quatuor, with an Kng. trans, and notes,
Lon., 1756, '61; Osf., ISll, all 4to.
"A valuable work, wiirthy thy perusal of any gentleman who
would form a just notion of the civil policy of the Konian.s, and
acquire, at the same time, a comparative view of the English." —
Dr. Adam Clarke.
'■ Mr. Harris's translation is accurate, and furnished with some
notes which elucidate obscure passages, and occasionally point out
the analogy between the Common and the Civil Law." — Mai-vin's
Leg. Bill. See Cooper. Tuomas, M.D.; Lyon. George.
Harris, George. 1. Life of Lord-Chancellor Hard-
wicke, Lon., 1S47, 3 vols. Svo.
"Vigorous, intelligent, and interesting." — Lon. Quar. Rev.
This work gives some important information respecting
the Roman Catholics.
2. True Theory of Representation in a State, 1852.
Harris, George VV. Reports of the Supreme Ct. of
Penua., 1849-56, Phila., 12 vols.
Harris, Henrietta. Poems, 1806, 12mo.
Harris, Henry. On Priesthood, Oxf., 1849, Svo.
Harris, Uev, J, Suficrings of Christ, 1S09.
Harris, James, M.P., of Salisbury, 1709-17S0, a ne-
phew of Lord Shaftesbury, the ccleltrated author of the
Characteristics, was educated at Wadham Coll., Oxf.. and
removed from thence to Lincoln's Inn. In 1761 he entered
Parliament; in 1762 became a Lord of the Admiralty; in
1763 Lord of the Treasury; and in 1774 Secretary and
Comptroller to the Queen. Ho was a man of great erudi-
tion, and especially skilled in the Greek and Latin classics.
1. Three Treatises : I. Art ; II. Music, Painting, and Poetry;
III. Happiness, Lon., 1744, Svo. Othereds. in 1765, '71, *72.
This is a valuable work. An eminent authority commends
the treatise on Art, as
" The best specimen of the dividing or diaeretic manner, as the
ancients called it, that is to be found in any modern book with
•which I am acquainted." — Lord Monudddo.
2. Hermes ; or, a Philosophical Inquiry concerning Lan-
guage and Universal Grammar, Lon., 1750, '51, '71, '75,
1806, Svo. The title of this learned work has sometimes
occasioned its being purchased for a novel ; but a pupil
of the Minerva Press school would soon find himself be-
yond his depth. A celebrated philologist, in tho Preface
to his English Grammar, thus warmly commends Mr.
Harris's treatise :
" Those who would enter more deeply into this sulgect will find
it fully and accurately handled, with the greatest acuteness of
investigation, perspicuity of application, and elegance of method,
in a Treatise entitled Hermes, by J. Harris, Esq., the most beau-
tiful and perfect example of analysis that has been exhibited since
the days of Aristotle." — Rishop Lowth.
" On the means of acfjuiring just taste : written with the pre-
cision of Aristotle, and the elegance of Quinlilian." — Coleridge.
"We ought not either to omit the mention of Mr. James Hari'is.
the learned and accomplished author of one of the most beautiful
Bpecimens of metaphysical analysis on the theory of Language,
which exist in our language; I mean the work entitled Hermes."
*~Mor'-Ws Hist, of Mod. J'liilos.
3. The Spring; a Pastoral, 1762, 4to. 4. Philosophical
790
tion of a larger wnrk that lie had meditated, but never
finished, upon the logic of Aristotle. 5. Philological In-
quiries, in 3 Parts, Lon., 1780, 2 vols. Svo; Part 3, in
French, Paris, 1789. 12mo. 6. Works, with Life, by his
b-ufl, the Karl of Malmesbury, Lou., ISOl, 2 vols. 4to and
r. 4to; 1803, 5 vols. 8vo.
"His profound knowledge of Greek, which he applied more suc-
cessfully, perhaps, than any modern writer has done, to the study
and explanation of ancient philosophy, arose from an early and
intimate acquaintance with the excellent poets and historians in
that language." — Earl of Malmesbury : Life of his father, q. v.
'■Mr. Harris had long left the University of Oxfoid l>efore he
began even to read Aristotle, or to imjuire into the Greek philoso-
phy; and be was led to the consideiation of universal grammar
by no fcootof the academic^-! cycle, either then or since, but by the
Minerva of Sauctius. That Mr. Harris was a tardy student of
philosophy is shown, perhaps, in his want of self-reliimcj^, in hia
prejudiie in favour of authority — at least of ancient authority.
But tmth is not the property of the old or of the new; ' non dum
occuiiata,'— it frequently belongs to neither.'*— i^lB Wm. H.amilton :
OrfiJid as it migJd he: Apptnd. to JJisoussions, t£c., 2d ed., Lon.,
lS5:i, 8vo.
Mr. Harris's persona! character was most estimable:
"The deep sense of moral and religious obligation which was
habitual to him, and those benevolent feelings which were so great
a happiness to his family and friends, had the same powerful in-
fluence over his public as his piivate life." — Earl of M.\lmesbl'RT:
Sup7'li.
'• Mr. Harris's style is flat and heavy ; and Be. Johnson observed
to Mrs. I'iozzi, that in the fourteen lines of which the dedication
of the Hermes consists, there were no less than six grammatical
faults."— XOH. Qtiar. Uev., Isxiv. 543 ; Mrs. Piozzi : Ante., p. 6.
"At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease
of learning in England, his lordship mentioned Heiines, by Mr.
llarrjs of i^alisbury. as the work of a living author for whom he
had a great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but
when we were in our pnst-chaise. told me he thought Harris *a
coxcomb.' " — BoswELL : Life of Johnmrn.
Harris, James, M.P., first Earl of Malmesbury,
1746-1820, son of the preceding, educated at Merton Col-
lege, Oxford, and at the University of Leydeu, was for
many years ambassador frt>m Great Britain to Spain,
Prussia, Russia, the Hiigue, and France, respectively. In
1843-44 his grandson, the third Earl, pub., in 4 vtds. Svo,
his grandfather's Diaries and Correspondence, 1767-1809.
"As to literary merit, the volumes have none at all. In his
style, the son of the author of Hermes follows his father's example
rather than his preiepts. It is flat and ungrammatical: and,
what is more surprising, vulgar ' to a degree!' — to use one of his
own slip-slop phrases — and we do not know that we ever read so
many letters in which there was so little of that occasional orna-
ment and relief which literature and wit can impart even to the
diiest business." — Lon. Quar, Jii-v.. Ixxiv. 5ti8-544.
His lordship was the author of an Introduction to the
Hi>t. of the Dutch Republic.
Harris, James, Algebraist's Assist., 1818.
Harris, John. The Divine Physician; prescribing
Rules for the cure of diseases as well of the Body as tho
Soul, Lon., 1676, Svo.
Harris, John, Rector of AVinchelsea. Animalcules
in "Water; Phil. Trans., 16^)6.
Harris, John, D.D., 1667-1719, the first compiler of
a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in England, educnted
at St. John's Coll., Camb., became Rector of St. Mildred's,
London, Perpetual Curate of Stroud, Preb. of Rochester,
and Fellow-Secretary and Vice-President of the Royal
Society. He died in great poverty. He pub. works on
nat. hist., mathematics, and astronomy, serms., Ac, 1697-
1719, and the following compilations, by which he is best
known : 1. Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1702,
'05, Svo. New ed., revised and continued by Dr. John
Campbell, 1744-48. 2 vols. fol. Consisting of above six
hundred of the most authentic writers fnmi Columbus to
Anson. This collection is compiled from Hakluyt, Pur-
chas, Ramusio, Thevenot, De Bry, Herrera, Ac.
'■ As to Harris's Collection, let any one inspect the curious con-
tents only of the lirst volume, as exhibited by Mr. Harris in his
valuable Catalogue of the Library of the Koyal Institulion,p. 2U0,
and he will not hesitate a moment respecting the importance of
the M-ork.'' — Dibdin''s Lib. Covi]).
'■ It appears to have been got up in competition with Churchiirs
Collection, but differs entiiely from that work, being a hi^tfjri/ of
all the known voyages and travels, whereas Churchill's is a collec-
tion of some particular relations and histories.' — liich's Bibl. Avicr.
JSova.
See Churchill, Ow'-NSHAM and John; Campbell, John,
LL.D. ; Hakluyt, Richahp; Osborne, Thomas; Pink-
ERTON, John. 2. Lexicon Technicum ; or, an Universal
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences : explaining not only the
Terms of Art, but the Arts themselves, 2 vols, fob, 1704,
Ac. 5 eds. appeared before 1741, when a Supp. was pub.
This is the first of the respectable line of English Eney-
clopicdias, of which the Sth edit, of the Encyclopedia
Britannica, now (1858) in course of publication, is the
last. See Bowyer's criticism on the terms Cyclopicdia and
IIAR
£,.cyclop«,din, in our life of Ephra.m Cha mbebs. 3 H,s
torv of Kent ; containing its Topography. Civil and Eccles.
Ilist &c , 1719, 2 vols. fol. Posth. Left incomplete, and
verv'inaceurato' also, at his death. In 1C9SD,. Harris
preached the course of Bojlo Lectures: see Boyle Lec-
'"narr!;;- J^nf'lillh^P of Llandafi; 1729, d. 1738.
^XrAll'john^M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. .
Harris John, D.D., a Dissenting div.ue, Pnnc.pal
of Now cJuege, St. John's Wood, London, was born at
uiorough, Devonshire, in 1804, and entered Hoxton
Co^lle'e as a student of divinity in 1823 Ho preached
for some time at Epsom, and in 1837 became Prof of
Theology in Cheshunt College. On the occasion of tho amal-
eamatinn, in 1850, of the Independent colleges of Il.gh-
f urv Ilomerton, and Coward, into New Co lego Dr. Harris
bc..;,u.e Principal of the Institute, and its Professor of
Thcolo-v Dr Harris died December 21, ISob. As an
author.'Di-. Harris attained a wide celebrity l>oth in
Europe and America. 1. The Great Teacher, Lon. 1835
D 8vo. 2. The Christian Citizen; a !5erm.,cr.Syo. 3. Ihe
Witnessing Church ; a Perm., Svo. 4. Britannia; or. The
Condition^nd Claims of Seamen, 1837, Svo. New ed.,
1853 D Svo. This obtained a prize of ±50.
.-rhis is an excellent and powerful appeal in aid of the ohjec s
of ibe BritM and foreign S, tors' Socnl,,. and we conp-.-itulate
?helocMv on having f™nd so able an advocate as Mr. Hams
proves himself to be."— io>!.^V<"''i'.'"'«'!'.- ,„,.
6. Covetousness the sin of the Christian Church, 18.36,
n Svo New ed., 1851, p. Svo. This essay obtained a
Irnlol iTh^tired giiLas. About 90,000 to 100,000
copies have been sold to the present time. (ISob.) We
have already alluded to the censure which it elici ed: see
Ellabv, James, and A. S. Thelwall; Lon Presby erian
Review, Aug. 1837. 6. Union; or. The Divided Church
made One, 1836, p. Svo. New ed., 1851. p. Svo.
" We cordially recommend the Essay to our readers. « /^PPrars
to us mo,e than worth all the schemes of comprebens.nn th.it tave
ever b"eT propounded, or all the henolicons or concordats that
have ever been imagined."— ion. Eclectic Jiemw.
-All the writings of Mr. Harris are excellent, and deservedly
popi^ar. It is very lemark.^ble that they tend to elevate t\ie tone
Kh' Man principle, and to Uindle and purify the zeal ol l.od s
m-ofe"i.iK olopl, , more than those of any other I.vmi- author.
That t Is obect has been undertaken by Mr Ilanis is to us
Blatter of bi^h g.alilication. It is one very worthy of his mastei-
Sud'^md onertbe claims of which be has rV^'^.r^ '"J^^'V™
tractive, if not in every part absolutely irresistible.' -ion. A««
*;"\^:"u.s'Iffto give it the most cordial recommendation, as a
pr,,lucti,.n which^-vinces a bright intellect .a , nous disposilion,
and a catholic and lovine spii it."-i"«- SapUd J<cr«s,t„r!,.
7 The Great Commission, 1842, p. 8vo. New ed., 1S52,
p. Svo. This essay on Christian Missions obtained a prize
of two hundred guineas. ._ .. . „■■
"The production, in all its departments, hears the impress of
the hand of a consummate artist. The symmetry, the pmpor >on
of pa? ts to parts, is all hut perfect. The matenabs are ..klllolly
selected : they are rich, varied, and appropriate. Nothing is want-
in" that knowledge, research, or invention could supply. The
work throughout bespeaks the Christian, the philosopher, the
man of letters, and, rarest of all, the man of business. — i»".
■'^"It^is anfagnificent production. Comprehensive in plan: ad-
mirable in arransemeut; elegant in diction ; happy m illust.ation;
co"ent and conclusive in reasoning, and powerlul in appeal. It
?5 a volume which the church of Christ, if true to her interests
and faithful to the responsibilities of her high vocation, never
must never can, ■ willingly let die.' It is an honour to our country,
"boon to our churches, a blessing to the world."-io-.. Chr,,Uan
T"The Pre-Adamite Earth, 1847, Svo. New ed., 1850,
Svo. This is the first of a series of which three works
have been pub. See also Nos. 9 and 10- , . ,
" The work exhibits great research and power of analysis, clear
and profound reasoning and demonstrations. The ""^Pt '^
made, and we think successfully, to show that there ,s a thenlogy
in nature which is ultimately one with the theology of the liiblo.
— io)i. Bililiad Ilepmittiry. i -i •„
"We estimate hi-lilv Dr. Harris's book. In many respects it is
the best book of the kind we have seen. . . . To those who ,vill take
the trouble to read it throu^.h, we feel assured that it lylll prove a
source of instruction and elevating thought.' —Lon. AUmmnm.
9. Man Primeval, 1849, Svo. .
■• His ,-,-nious and beautiful illustrations of the successive laws
of the lli> ine viaiiifestation have yielded us inexpressible delight.
~" We do 'not believe that in any treatise in our language man's
relation to the system and order of things to which he belongs
hasever been so fully and satisfactorily developed."-£<m. Evan-
"''irPatriarchy ; or. The Family, its Constitutioii Ac,
1855 Svo. A collective ed. of the Works of Dr. Harris
was pub. in 183S, Lon., 4 vols. r. 12mo We have quoted
but from a few of the commendations before us of the works
IIAR
of this distinguished divine. We feel unwilling to close
without brief citations from two well-known authorities :
" Harris's Great Teacher, Mammon, The Great Commission 4c.
have been received with extraordinary approbation by almost all
cla™es of rehgtous people : and are justly entitled to the app ansa
which they have commanded. They are not more remarkable for
the ele-anee ,.f their diction than for the spirit ol pure and fervent
devotiim by which they are pervaded."-/<r. E. Wdluxviis Clirus-
"""'ms'cmrt power is the exhaustion and ingenious illustration
of tonics. His manner of writing has a quiet earnestness about
?t which is very impressive, and which cb.aracterizes his mode of
™,blic address He deserves great praise for the lively graces of
Slavimomlbr he manful and^iasterful execution f th» Q^^*
T™her a book which contains the most successful full-length
portraiture of the Divine Man we have read, and, since the first
edi ion of this work appeared, for two very vigorous and or|g,nal
books on the Pre-Adaiiite Karlh, and Man Primeval -G^^ s
F,rsi Gallay of Lil.^ary Mraits, 3d ed., Lon 1S61 H;^l"- .
See also Lon. Eclectic Review, 4th S., iv. 303 , ixi. 1^7 ,
xxvi 612; Brit. Quar. Rev., V. 387 ; South. Quar. Rev.,
xxl 48 ; Bost. Chris. Rev., vii. 379 ; by D W. Phillips,
xiv 402 ; bv A. P. Peabody. N. Amer. Rev., Ixx. 391. ^
Most of Dr. Harris's works have been republished in
neat style by Gould & Lincoln, of Boston.
Harris, Joseph. Dramas and poems, 1691-17U-i.
See Bi..g. Dramat. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. , j i-fi.
Harris, Joseph, Assay-Master of the Mint, d. Ii64,
pub. mathemat. and other treatises, 1730-75, of which tho
following is the best-known: An Essay upon Money and
Coins: in Two Parts, Lon., 1767, Svo.
"This is one of the very b.st treatises on money and coins that
have ever been published."-il/c«,«oc/,'s Lil of m,t feoii., l-v.
Harris, Joseph, Secretary to Vicc-Admiral Mil-
b.ankc, d. 1789. aged 31. Naval Characters, Ac.
Harris, Moses. 1. The Aurclian; or, Nat. Hist, ot
English Moths and Butterflies, Lon., 1766, fob, 1776, _^S2,
410° A copy on vellum, in Edwards's C.at.alogue lor 1|96,
was marked £52 10«. See a learned paper upon this sub-
iect with a review of this work, in the Lon. Retrosp. Rev.,
N '^ i ''30-''45 1827. A new eil. of the Aurclian, by J.
O' Westwood, was pub. by H. G. Bohn in 1840, sm. fob,
44 plates £4 4». This is the only work which contains
the English moths and butterflies of the full natural size,
in all their changes of Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Ac, with tho
plants on which they feed. ,. , t, , .
2 The Eni'lish Lepidoptera; or. The Aurelian s Pocket-
Companion, °1775, Svo. 3. An Exposition of English In-
sects, in Eng. and Frciich, Lon., 1776, '82, r. 4to, 50 plates.
A work of great value.
"Moses Harris %vas the best painter and engraver of insects of
his day, besides beiic< a most accurate describer."— SWAINSOS.
Harris, Kev. Uaymoiul. Slave Trade, Liverp.,
178S, Svo.
Harris, Richard. Concordia Anghcana do prima-
tur Keel. Regio, Ac, Lon., 1612, Svo. In English, with
addits.. 1614. 4to. ^ .
Harris, Ilobcrt, D.D., 1578-1658, a Puritan divine,
a native of Gloucestershire, educated at Magdalen Hall,
Oxford, obtained the living of Hanwell, Oxfordshire;
President of Trin. Coll., Oxford, 164S-58. He pub. a
number of Semis. Ac, 1618-42, and Two Letters m vin-
dic of himself, 1648, 4to. Works collected, 1635, fob;
with some addit. serms., 1654, fob Bishop Wilkins classes
him among tho most eminent of English divines.
" \ farfamed puritanical preacher of his time."— ^»ic)i. Ozmi.
" A man of ndiuirable prudence, profound judgment, eminent
rifts and Riaces. and furnished with all qualiflcations » bich might
render him a complete man, a wise governor, a popular Preacher,
and a good Chiistian."— Durham. , „ ,, , tt i,
See Athen Oxon., and the Annals, Colleges, and Halls,
and Wood's Life; Harris's Life, by Durham, 1660, 12mo;
Warton's Lifeof Bathurst,146, antl of Sir Thomas Pope,446.
Harris, S., D.D., Prof, of Mod. Hist, in the Univ. of
Caiub. A Comment on the 53d Chap, of Isaiah, Lon.,
'" This is a curious and learned book, which is commended by
Dr. Doddridge."-Ori)ic's BiW. .B.-i-.
Harris, T. Covent-Garden Theatre, 176S.
Harris, Thad.leus Blasoii, D.D., 1768-1842, a
native of Charlcstown, Mass., graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1787, and was librarian of that institution from
1791 to 1793. In 1793 he became pastor of a Congrega-
tional church in Dorchester, and retained this post until
his death. He pub. many Sermons and Addresses, and
several valuable works. We notice :—l. Discourses m
favour of Free-Masonry, Charlestown, 1801, Svo. 2. The
Minor Encyclopedia, 1803, 4 vols. 3. Journal of a Tour
into the Territory northwest of the Alleghany Mountains
in 1803, Bost.., 1805, Svo. 4. A Natural History of the
Bible, 1821, Svo. Other eds., some of which arc entitled,
A Dictionary of the Nat. Hist, of the Bible, Lon., 1824,
HAR
8vo; 1S25, 12mo. New ed., with adclits. and corrections
by Josinh Conder, ISO wood-cuts. 1S33-.'J4, 12mo. In
German, at Leipsic, 1825, Svo. We have alr'ead'y noticed
this excellent work in our article on Carpenter, Wil-
LiAsi, q. V.
"We cheerfully recommend the work both to the learned and
the unlearned reader, as containing all that can be known on the
sut.jecta which successively occur. Many of the articles will be
read with peat interest : and in those in which curiosilv is most
concerned, the author, in a form as much ahridfred as their nature
would admit, has exhausted all the learning of naturalists and
travellers; and. as we believe, has generally come to the right re-
sults. — S. Wiliihd: N. Amer. Jttv.. xix. S6-92.
This eulogistic notice is "cheerfully .adopted" by the
distinguished Biblical scholar, the Rev.T. Hartwell ilornc,
D.D. ; see his Bibl. Bib. Mr. Bickersteth also commends
Dr. Harris's work: see his Christian .Student.
" This is an excellent book, containing descriptions of all the ani-
mals, insects, and precious stones, which are mentioned iu the
Scriptures. They are alphabetically arranged; and thus, while
the volume cannot fell to be valuable and interesting to the youn"
reader, it is well adapted to the more mature and eiiperienced "—
Lon. Lit. Gazette.
5. Jlemorials of the First Church in Dorchester; in Two
Discourses, Host., 1830, Svo. 6. Biographical Memoirs
of James Oglethorpe, Founder of the Colony of Geor^-ia
in N. America, ISil, Svo. "
'•Considering the nature of his materi.als, the author's task w.is
neither inviting nor easy ; but it has been well executed and he
has rendered a just triliute to the meniorv of a distinguished bene-
factor of mankind, and a valuable service to the history of his
country."— J AKED .Sp.iRKS: A'. Amer. Eer., liii. 44S,-47S.
A biographical notice of Dr. Harris, by Dr. Frothingham
will be found in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th S., ii. 13o'
"A ni.in of a good deal of learning in New Kngland antiquities ''
— liON. Ldward Everett: see conclusion of the next article.
Harris, Thaddeus William, M.D., grad. at Har-
v.ud College, 1815, d. 1856, son of the preceding, was a
resident of Cambridge, Mass., and had been Librarian of
Harvard College from 1831 to the time of his decease.
Dr. Harris was a distinguished entomologist, and as an
author was extensively known by A Report on the Insects
of Massachusetts Injurious to Vegetation, Cambridge,
1841, Svo.
'* M'e hardl;
at the same
set; and th
tion to meet the expectations of the learned, it answers the more
impoitant purpose of placing the means of knowledge in every
man s hands. '—N. Amer. Kei:, liv. 73-101.
A second impression of this Report, somewhat enlarced
was pub. by the author in 1842, Svo, pp. 45il, under^the
title of A Treatise on some of the Insects of New Eng-
land which are Injurious to Vegetation. A new ed. ?f
this valuable work, revised and enlarged by the addition
of about fifty p.ages, was pub. (under the title just quoted)
in 1852, Svo. See a notice in N. Aiucr. Rev.,' l.xxvi. 255-
256. Dr. Harris's Report was drawn up by him in an
official capacity; and we cannot confer a greater honour
upon his memory than by quoting the following hi^h
testimony to his scientific erudition : °
_ "The late Dr. Thaddeus William Harris was one of the commis-
sioners appointed for the Zoologi,-.al and Dotanical ,«urvev of Mis-
sachusclts while I was Governor of the state, in 1837. the ento-
moln-i, al ,l,.|,ai tnient w.-is entrusted to him; and in this country
De bad- :it Ih,. tiiiie, no superior, if he had an equal, which I doubt ■'
o^""i,. ''TlMtf '"^"'^^ ■ '" " ''''""' '" "" ^""'°'' "■''""^ Diclion-
Harris, Thorn. The Excellency of the Handy Work
of the Royal H;in.l, Lon., 16C5, 4to.
Harris, Thomas. The Arminian Priests Last Pe-
tition, 1642, 4to. In verse.
Harris, Thomas
*35. Svo.
irdly know where to find a summary so condensed and
lie time, so complete. It removes all'difflculty at the out-
lius. while this Heport is sufflcientlv scientitic'in itsexecu-
Crude Mercury, Lon., 1732, '34,
Harris, Thomas. Serins., 1733, '49, '65.
Harris, Thomas, M.D.. Surgeon U. S. Navy. Life
of Com. Wm. Bainl.ridge, Phila., 1S37, Svo.
Harris, Thomas, of Baltimore. 1. Modern Entries
New ed.. by H. D. Evans, Bait.. 1831-32, 2 vols. Svo. 2 In
conjunction with J. McHcnry, Maryland Reports, 1700-99
N. York and Annap., 1809-lS, 4' vols. Svo. 3. In con-
junction with R. Johnson, Maryland Reports, 1800-''6
Annap., 1821-27, 7 vols. Svo. 4. In conjunction with Ik'
W. Gill, Maryland Reports, 1826-29, 2 vols. Svo.
Harris, Thomas L. 1. An Epic of the Starry Hea-
vens, N York, 1854. 12mo. 2. Lyric of the Morning Land,
1651, 12mo. 3. A Lyric of the Golden Age, 1856, I2mo
Harris, Tucker, M.D., 1747-1821, a native of
Charleston, pub. some essays in the Medical Journal of
Philadelphia. See Thacher's Medical Biography
Harris, W., LL.D. Elements of the Chaldeo Lan-
guage. Lm,., 1822, Svo. Intended as a supplement to the
W.VR.
Hebrew Grammar, and a general introduction to the Ara-
mean dialects.
Harris, Sir W. S. 1. Eff-ects of Lightning on Float-
ing Bodies, Lon., 4to. 2. Nature of Thunder Storms,
1843, Svo. 3. Rudiments of Electricity, 1849. '51. 12ino.
4.Rudimentary Magnetism, 1850, 12mo. Part 3. 1852,
12mo. 5. Rudimentary Treatise on Galvanism. 1855, 12mo'
Harris, or Harries, Walter, IVI.D.. b. nt Glouces-
ter, England, ab..ut 1647. Physician to William IIL. pub.
a number of professional works, 1676-1727, among which
IS Dissertationes Jledicaj ct Chirurgicw, Ac, Lou., 1725,
Svo. See Athcn. Oxon., and the work just named.
Harris, Walter. 1. Hist, of William Henry, Prince
of Nassau and Orange. King of England, ic, Dnbl., 1749,
fol. 2. Fiction Unmasked, relative to the Irish Rebellion
and Massacre, 1752, Svo. 3. Hibcrnica ; or, some Ancient
Pieces relating to Ireland, 1757, fob; 1770, Svo. A work
of great value. 4. Hist, and Anliq. of Dublin, 1766, Svo.
Harris edited Sir James Ware's Works on Ireland, viz.:
The Whole Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland,'
revised and improved, 1739-45, 2 vols. fol. The Whole
Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland, trans, into
English, revised and improved. 1764, 2 vols. fol. See
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.. ed. 1825, 250, 252, 258: Lowndes's
Bibl. Man, art. Ware, Sir James.
Harris, Wm., D.D., 1675 ?-l 740, a Dissenting divine,
pastor of a congregation in Crutched-Friars, London, for
thirty years one of the preachers of a Friday Evening
Lecture, and one of the continuators of Matthew Henry's
Commentary on the Bible. He pub. a number of occa-
sional serms., ic, 1704-37; The Life of Dr. Thos. Man-
ton, 1725, Svo, and in M.anton's Works; Two Serm.s.
against Woolaston. 1 728, Svo. ; and the following series of
Discourses, by which he is best known :— 1. Practical Dis-
courses on the Principal Representations of the Messiah,
1724, Svo. 2. Funeral Discourses. 1736, Svo. Dr. Harris
" Was reckoned the greatest master of the English tongue
among the Dissenters. His style is plain and easy, his thoughts
substantial." — Da. Doddridge.
"Hanks among those who have embellished our lanc-nan-e"
BoGVE AND Bennett. ° °
Harris, Wm., D.D., 1720-1770. a Dissenting divine,
a native of Salisbury, pub. a number of vahnable biogra-
phies, viz. : of Hugh Peter.s, 1751, Svo ; of James L, 1753,
Svo; of Charles I., 1758, Svo; of Oliver Cromwell, 1762,
Svo; of Charles IL, 1766, 2 vols. Svo. New ed. of all,
with a Life of the Author, 1814, 5 vols. Svo. The " Regal
Biographies" are alter the manner of Bayle : i.e., illus-
trated with copious notes. The historical reader should
not fail to procure these invaluable vols. In his opinions
Harris favoured republican sentiments:
"His reasonings are strongly tinged with his early prejudices;
but his facts are, in general, narrated with fidelity, and the evi-
dence on both sides is given without mutilatiou."
"Crabbed as m.ay be the composition and combat,able the opi-
nions of the author, yet these volumes must have a place in .i
well-stored library. Harris is perhaps, with two exceptions, the
most HO(e-able writer in the English language. All his works are
professed to be • taken from Original Writings and State Papers.'"
— Dibdin's Lib. Crmip.
Harris's faithfulness as an historian is endorsed by one
of the most eminent of modern historical students. Prof
Smyth.
Notice of the Life of Charles the First :
"A general summary of the particulars of this reign, not very
Sivourable to the king, will be found in Harriss Lili of Charles
theHrst. Harris fr,itilH.s the pnsitions in bis text, like Bavie, hv
copious notes, which w ill, at l,.,,.r, bring the subi„.t. and kll the
learning that b,.|..iigs t.p il, in hill review beliiro the reader."
Notice of the Life of Oliver Cromwell:
" There is a Life of Cromwell, by Harris, in the manner of his
other historical treatises, and equally valuable,"
Notice of the Life of Charles the Second :
".\fter the perusal of Mr, Hume, we may turn to the Life of
Charles the Second, by H-arris. The notes are full of infiirination
and ot particulars which the reader may not have an opportunity
ot selecting frmn their original sources, or, indeed, of readily find-
ing in any other manner."
The above notices are taken from the Lects. on Mod.
Hist.
H.arris contributed a paper on Roman antiquities in G
Brit, t.i the Areba-ol., 1770.
Harris, William, Librarian of the Royal Institution
of Great Britain. A Catalogue of the Library of the Royal
Institution. Methodically Arranged, with an Alphabetical
List of Author.?, Lon,, 1S09, Svo : 1821, r, Svo. No library,
no bibliographer, should be without this excellent cata^
logue. It has already come under our notice. See BuR-
NEY, Charles, Jr., D.D.
" If a lucid order, minute and correct description of the volumes
of an admirably.choseu library, accompanied with a copious and
laithful alphabetical index, be recommendations with the biblio-
HAR
grapher. the present volume will not be found wanting upon his
E-helf. It, is the most useful ImoU of its kind ever published in
this country. Let the I'ibliouKiniar hasten to st-i/.e on^ of the five
rem:iining copies onlv (out ot th.' fifty whii-h were printedj upon
L^ix.K Paper."— Z>i'«/(>(s Biblunnania^ ed. 184.;, 99. And see
Dibdiii's Lib. rnni)) . ed. IS'J5.
Harris, William A., M.D., U. S. Navy. A Practi-
cal Manual on Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels ;
trans, from the French, Phila.
"This is an exrellent epitome of a large and important class of
disea'ies. especially as t'l tli;t,rnosis." — Mr<i.-C'n'r. li'n:
Harris, Sir William C'ornwallis, Major II. E. I.
B. C. Engineers. 1. WiUl Sports in Southern Africa in 1830-
37, 1839, Svo; 4th ed., 1841, imp. Svu; 5th ed., 1849, imp.
8vo.
" We must here take our leave of Captain Harris's most amusing
narnitivt'. The whole of it will l.e read with great pleasure and
profit. . . . The Zoologist will find io this book many valuable
accounts of the habits of animals of the greatest raiity; and the
sportsman wilt read of scenes of the most stirring desuiiption, and
of shots which leave nothing more to be wished from 'eye, hand,
lead, .ind gunpowder."' — L'-n. Qtutr. Bev.. Ixiv. 188-232.
2. Game and Wild Animals of Africa, 1839. Svo, £10
lOs. ; hirge paper, £21: 2d ed., 1844, imp. Svo; 3d ed.,
1849, imp. Svo. 3. Highlands of Ethiopia, 2d ed., 1844,
3 vols. Svo.
''The intelligent and animated volumes of which we have now
given a birds eye view we regard as rivalling in interest and im-
portance any book of travels of this century." — BlachivofHVs Mag.
"A work of extraordinary interest and value; a narrative which
will take a peruianent place in the library as the Vxst authority
ever yet gi\ en to the world on all the subjects to which it relates."
— JTorrif/u and O'loiiiul lirv.
4. Illustrations »f Ethiopia, 1845, r. 4to.
Harris, Sir William Snow. See HARnis, Sir W. S,
Harrison, Dr. Tbreui lliherniei. &c., Lon., 1659, 4to.
Harrison, Amos. 8erms.,«fec., Lon.. 1724-43, all Svo.
Harrison, Benjamin, Archtleacon of Maidstone,
and Canon of Canterbury. 1. Interpret, of the Rubrics,
Lon.. 1845. Svo. 2. Warburtoniau Lects. (12) on the Pro-
phecies, 1849, Svo. 3. Serms. on the English Church,
1850, Svo.
Harrison, D, J,, Curate of St. Peters, ■\Valworth.
Serm. on the I)cath of the Duke of "Wellington, Lon.,
1862, 12nio.
Harrison, Anthony. Poet, works, 1794, 1806.
Harrison, Capt. David. Distressful Voyage, &c.
of C. II.. of the Sloop Peggy, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Harrison, Edward. Longitude, Lon., 1696, Svo.
Harrison, Edward, M.D. Profess, treatises, Lon.,
1782. 1810.
Harrison, George. Addresses on the Slave TraJe.
Ednvation. Ac. 1792-1810.
Harrison, George. Act rel. to Land Tax, 3d ed.,
1S()2.
Harrison, Sir George. Frngments and Scraps of
History. Ac, Lon,, 1834, 2 vols. r. 4to. Privately printed.
Sir George was a diligent collector of historical materials.
Harrison, Sir George. An Expos, on the Laws,
(fee. of the Slaniiaries in Cornwall. Lon., 1835, Svo.
Harrison, Gessner, M.D., Prof, of Ancient Lan-
guages in the Univ. of Virginia. 1. Exposition of Some of
the Laws of the Latin Grammar, N. York, 1 852, 12mo. Com-
mended. 2. On the Greek Prepositions. Phila., 185S, Svo.
Harrison, Gustavus. Agriculture Delineated; or.
The Farmer's Complete Guide, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Harrison, Kev. J. The Etymological Enchiridion,
Pre.^tun, 1823, 12mo.
Harrison, J. B. Louisiana, <tc. Reports, N. Orleans,
1839-40, 4 vols. Svo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 372.
Harrison, James, a bookseller, who was employed
by Lady Hamilton in compiling the Genuine Memoirs of
Lord Viscount Nelson, 1806, 2 vols. Svo. He is also sup-
posed to be the editor of the Correspondence between
Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. See
a review of this work by Lord Brougham, in the Edin.
Rev., xxiii. 398-410, and in his collected Contrib. to Edin.
Kev., iii. 267-279.
Harrison, James. Biography of Eminent Persons,
Lon., 2 vols. r. Svo.
Harrison, John. Yet a Course at the Romish Foxe,
Zurit-h, 1543, 16nto. Attributed to Bp. John Bale.
Harrison, John. The Messiah already Come, Amst,
1619, 4to. Other works, 1619, '33, both 4to.
Harrison, John, of Cambridge, Mass. On a Small
Species of Wasp; Phil. Trans.. 1751.
Harrison, John, 1693-1776. an eminent mechanic,
received from the English Government nearly £24,000 for
his time-keepers, liy which great accuracy was obtained in
the calculations of longitude. The Principles of Mr. Har-
rison's Time-Keeper was pub., Lon., 1767, 4to. For a list
II AR
of other publications on this subject, see Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.: Iluttnn's Diet. ; Annual Register for 1777. As an
author, Harrison's style was so uncouth as to be almost
unintelligil'Ie.
Harrison, John, Surgeon. Med. treatise.s, Lon.,
1785-92.
Harri.son, John, M.D. Dissertatio de Pertuzi, Got-
ting:*', 1793, 4to.
Harrison, Joseph. 1. Prac. in Ct. of Chan., Lon.,
1741. 2 vols. 8vo; 8th ed.. by W. Parke, 1796, 2 vols. Svoj
9th ed., by J. Newland. 1808.2 vid.s. Svo. Bqniiit.. Phila.,
1807, Svo. 2. Prac. of Ct. of K. B. and C. P., 3761, 2 vols
Svo.
Harrison, Joseph, Floricultural Cabinet. 1832-52,
21 vols. Svo. Mr. H. also publishes the Gardener's Keeord,
the Garden Almanack, &c.
Harrison, Josiah. 1. Laws of N. Jersey. 1820-33,
Camden, 1833, Svo. 2. N. Jersey Supreme Ct. Reports,
1837-42, 4 vols. Svo. 1839-43.
Harrison, Matthew, Rector of Church-Oakley. Ba-
singstoke, Hants, and late Fellow of Queen's Coll.. 0.\ford.
The Rise, Progress, and Present Structure of the English
Language, Lon., 1S4S, p. Svo ; 2d ed.,Phila., 1856.
'• Tbi.s, both for philosophical astuteness and a crilii.iil insight
into and exposilion of our liviog ton-^ue. is one of the uioet in-
structive and interesting volumes with which we have met in the
louf; course of our grammatical and lingual labours." — L'm. Lite-
retry Gaz.
- Mr. Harrison's volume contains many instructive observations
on the structure of the languajxe, and a very copious and uf^eful
collection of illustrations on most points connectt-d with Kni^ilish
syntax and composition; but as regards the history of the Ian-
g'uav^e. and its relation to the other members of the Teutonic
family, his work is far inferior to that of Dr. Latham, [The Kuglish
Languatje.] The latter is in fact only too full and ptofouud for
young students." — EtUn. A'cu., xcii. 3u8. See Latham. H. G.
Harrison, 3Iichael. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1691. all Svo,
Harrison, Nicholas Bacon, Lieut, of the Marines.
The Travellers: a Comedy. Lon.. 1788, '89, Svo.
Harrison, R. Catholic Protestant, York, 1780, Svo,
Harrison. K. Serms., 1813, Svo.
Harrison, R. Tarrant. 1. Digested Index to all
the Decisions in Cts. of Law and Equity. Lon., 1837-56.
Continued annually. See Harrison, S. B.
Harrison, Ralph, a Unitarian minister. Serms.,
with his Life, &.c. by J. Holland, Manchester, 1813, Svo.
" I'he productions oi" no oi dinary mind. . . . The styV is pi-rspi-
curni'; and neat, and sometimes ele.L'ant." — Lon. Month. Iiiposilory.
Harrison, Richard. Catechisms, 1583, Svo.
Harrison, Richard. Serms., Lon., 1767-81.
Harrison, Robert. Serms., 1672, &c.
Harrison, Robert. Tempest at Oxford, Oxon.,
1682. 4to.
Harrison, S. B. 1. Evidence, Lon., 1825, 12mo.
2. Analytical I)ige:-t of Cases in H. of Lords, &c., 1756-
1S43 ; 3d ed.. by K. Tarrant Harrison, 1844, 4 vols. r. Svo.
Continued to 1852, 3 vols. r. Svo. See Warren's Law Stu-
dies, 2d ed., 780 ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 372. 3. Wondfall'a
Treat, on Landlord and Tenant, 6th ed.. by F. L. AVolhis-
ton, 1849. r. Svo: 7th ed., by Henry Horn, 1856. r. 8vo.
4. In conjunction with F. L. WoUaston, Reports in K. B.,
&c., 1836-37, 2 vols. Svo. 5. In conjunction with F. Ed-
wards, Nisi Prius. &c., 1838, 2 vols. 12mo.
Harrison, Stephen. The Seven Arches of Triumph
erected in Honour of K. James 1., &c., Lon., ir»l)4, fol.
Very rare. Woodhouse, £27 6«. Dent, with a duplie:it6
series of the plates with variations, £31 lOs. An analysis of
this work will be found in Nichols's Progresses of James I.
Harrison, Susannah. Songs in the Night, 1788;
6th ed., 1800, 12mo.
Harrison, Thomas, D.D., Chaplain to the Governor
of Virginia, subsequently, in 1650. minister of St. Dun-
stan's-in-the-East, London, and afterwards n preacher in
Dublin. Topica Sacra : or. Some Hints and Heljis to Faith,
Meditation, Prayer, &c., Lon., 165S, Svo. With addits.
by Jfdin Hunter. 1770, 12mo.
" Many striking thoughts : very evangelical." — Bi'd-astHh^s C. S.
Harrison, Thomas. Serms., *&c., 1700-65, all Svo.
Harrison, Thomas. Botany; Nic. Jour., 1805.
Harrison, Walter. A new and Universal Hist.,
Descrip., and Survey of London, Lon., 1775-76, fol. Pub.
in numbers. A\'anling in accuracy.
Harrison, William, d. 1592? Rector of Radwinter,
Essex, and Canon of Windsor, wrote a Historical Descrip.
of the Island of Britain, prefixed to HoUnshed's Chronicles,
and a Chronology. The Descrip. of England is a valuable
record of the state of the country and the manners and cus-
toms of the people in the 16th century. To Harrison, also,
is ascribed The Descrip. of Scotland, mostly trans, from
Hector Boece, prefixed to Holinshed's Hist, of Si-otlaud.
7'J3
HAR
Harrison, William. Certain Scrms. upon the Parable
of the Sower. Lrm.. ifiU, 8vo.
, Harrison, William. The Pilgrim, or the Happy
Convert; a Pasti.ral Tragedy, 1709.
Harrison, William, d. 1712. Fellow of New College,
0.\furd. a great favourite with Swift, and secretary to Lord
Baby, ambassador tu the Hague, was the editor of the 5th
vol. of the Taller, and the authiir of some poetical pieces
pub. in Dodsley's Collection, Nichols's Collection, and
Duneombe's Horace.
" A little pietty fellow, with a great deal of wit, pood sense, and
good nature."— De\n Shift : see liis Woi ks: Chalmers's liioj;. Diet.
Harrison, William. Speech in H. of C, Lou., 1814.
Harrison, William, Rector of Ureat-Birch, Esse.\.
1. Consecrated Thoughts, Lon., 1S42, fp. 8vo ; 1846. 12mo.
2. Serms. on the Coiuniandments, 2d ed., 1S46, fp. Svo.
3. The Tongue of Time, 1848, 12mo.
'* This isa spiritu.il little treatise, intended to improve practi'-fllly
and dcvotionally the twelve hours of the day to the editication of
the soul.'" — C/iuycftman's Mmthl;/ Ifcv.
4. The Shepherd and his Sheep, 2d ed., 1849, 12mo.
Harrison, (General William Henry, 177.1-1841,
President cd' the United States at the time of his decease,
^having been in office but one month, — was a native of
Charles City county, Virginia, and the third son of Ben-
jamin Harrison, Governor of Virginia, and one of the
signers of the American Declaration of Independence. A
Discourse on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio.
Cin., 1838, Svo, pp. 51.
"This pamphlet di.scusses several important topics in the his-
tory of the native tribes of our continent with spirit and ability "
—Edward Kvekeit : N. Amer. Ilev., li. 46-48, q. v.
For notices of biographical sketches of Harrison by
Moses Dawson, James Hall, and others, see Rich's Bibl.
Amer. Nova, ii. Ifi2, 271, 339, 350. See also Niles's Reg.,
iiv. 185 ; Christ. E.\am., xxx. 359.
Harritson, VV. 1. The Fortunate Ploughman. 2. The
Intendant Emigrants; a Scots Rural Comedy, Glas"-.,
1S17, 12mo.
Harrod, Wm., d. 1819, an alderman of Stamford.
1. The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1769, Svo.
"Possessts little or no meiit."— U'.iHs Bild. ISrtl.
2. Hist, and Anticp of Stamford and St. Martin's, Slamf.,
1781, '85, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Hist, of Mansfield and its
Environs, 1801, sin. 4to. 4. Hist, of Miirket-Harborough,
Ac, 1S08, Svo. Mr. H. projected, in 1788, a repub. and
continuation of Wright's Hist, and Antiq. of Rutland; but
the plan was nut encouraged, and only two numbers ap-
peared. He also pub. a facetious pidi'tical tract entitled
Coke and Birch. See Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st Ser., 130.
Lon.. 1S54.
Ilnrro]), Edward Atkins. Poems, Lon., 1796,12mo.
Harrowby, Earl of. See Rvher, DonLEY.
Harriip, Robert. Chem., Ac. con. to Nic. Jour..
1801-13.
Harry, Blind. See Henry the Minstrel.
Harry, George Owen. Genealogy of James, King
of Great Driltaync, Ac., with his lineal Descent from Noah,
Ac. Lon., 1604, 4to.
Harrys, Wm. The Market or Fayre of Vserers ; a
new Pasquillus or Dialogue against Vsurye, Ac, trans,
from the High Alniaigne, Lon., 1550, Svo.
Harryson, James. Exhort.acion to the Scottes,
1547. This iii in favour of union with England.
HAR
D.inel, Lon., 1599, 4to. 3. Declaration of Egregious
Popish Impostures, Ac. under the pretence of castiu'' (JUt
Devils, 1603, 4to. From this work Shakspeare is°sup-
posed to have borrowed the fantastical names of spirits in
his tragedy of Lear.
■•'Ey the use of this book in Lear, Shakspeare meant to ridicule
Popery, from which he had been in danger."— J/i'. A-„u in Mr
By)(jlit s copy.
This is now a rare book. See Biog. Brit. ; Le Neve's
Lives of the Archbishops; Fuller's Ch. Hist., book xi •
Strype's Whitgift; Lysons's Environs. ''
Harston, Hall. The Countess of Salisbury; a Trag
Lon., 1767, Svo. '
''This May, which is taken from a Romance, possesses con-
siderable merit."— TlufCs BiW. BnY.
^Watt ascribes to Hall JlwMov, Youth, a P(iem, Lon.,
1773, 4to; and we find him correct, according to the Lon.
Month. Rev. : see xxxvii. 392, xlviii. 259. But we con-
clude that both of above were written by Hall Hunton.
Hart, Colonel, American Consul at Santa Cruz, d.
1SJ5. author of Marian Coffin, and other works.
Hart, Alexander. The Tragical Hist, of Alexto
and Angelica, Lon.. 1610, ]2mo. In prose and verse.
Hart, Andrew, an early printer of Scotland. A
trewe Descrip. of the Nobill Race of the Stewards. Amst
16111. fid. '
Hart, Cheney, M.D. Electricity; Phil. Trans.,
1754, '55.
Hart, Edward H. The BuUwark Stormed; in
Answer to Thomas do Laiino's Plea for the Nonconformists,
Lon.. 1717, Svo. See Delai'ne, Thomas.
Hart, or Harte, Henry. 1. A Godly ncwe short
Treatyse, Ac, Lon., 1548, 16mo. 2. A Godlie Exhorta-
tion. 1519, Svo.
Hart, J. Burning Bu.'sh not Consumed, Lon. J616,Svo.
Hart, James, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1623, '25, '33^
Hart, John. 1. On Orthographic Lon., 1659, Svo.'
2. Theolog. conference between J. H. and John Rainoldeg,
16S4, Svo. See Rainolds, John, D.D.
Hart, John. Starch Factories, Ac, Lon.. 1795. Svo.
Hart, John S., LL.D., b. January 2S, ISIO, at Stock-
bridge. Mass., was removed to Pennsylvania when only
two years of age, educated at Princeton College, where ha
became Professor of Ancient L.anguages; in 1842 elected
Prinei|ial of the Philadelphia High School, which posi-
tion he resigned in 1S58. 1. Essay on Spenser and
the F.airy Queen, New York, 1847, Svo, pp. 512. New ed.
Phila., 1856. Highly commended. 2. Female Prose-
Writers of America, 1851, Svo, pp. 620. New ed., revised
and enlarged, 1855.
" It has enlar!;ed our knowledge and enhanced our favourable
estimate of the female prose-writeis of oui- country. It at the same
time indicates the tale, story, or novel, as the form of composition
towards which, with few exceptions, they tend, and in which they
excel alike in the power of easy and fluent narration, and in the
dld,ictic aim, which is sefdom obtrusive or awkwardly mana-ed "
—N. Amer. lict:. Ixxx, 261-262.
"Our numerous female t'ro.se-^V^ite^s have found an intelligent
and Kenial historian and critic in Professor Hart." — Hmru T
TiichrmiiH-s Shich of Ama-. Lit. '
3. Class-Book of Poetry, 1844, 12mo. 4. Class-Book of
Prose, 1S44, 12mo. These works consist of Extracts pre-
ceded by introductory notices. 6. Exposition of the Con-
stitution of the United States; for the use of Schools, 1845,
12mo, pp. 100. 6. English Gramm.ar, 1845, 12mo,
Uarsha llTvid D. \.\wt"-""<r"'X"'r' ^ t.t I i^n»". pp- i""- o. j^ugiisn uramm.ar, lti45, 12mo, pp. 192.
iiaislia, Utivid A., b 1827, in South Argyle, New 7. Greek and Roman Mvth.dogy. 1853 l'>mo id 162
York. 1. Ihoughts on the Love of Christ, as manifested \ tMs is a Latin Reading-Book. ^Luor 'of Pemify'Vanfa
Common School Journal fur 1844; Sartain's Mag.aiine for
the Love of Christ, as manifested
to a Lost World, 1851.
■• It has a vejy stinngly-marked experimental char.icter, and is
fitted to be at once a guide to the ignorant and iniiuiriie-. and a
welcome auxiliary to the .spirit that is struggling amidst the soi-
rows and conflicts of the Christian life."— W.M. U. SPRAiiliE, ll.D.
2. Christ and Him Crucified the Sum and Substance of
the Gospel, Ac, Albany, 1852. 3. Immannel's Land,
1852, 32mo. 4. Principles of Hydropathy. 1852. 5. Wan-
derings of a Pilgrim. Ac, 1854. 6. The Most Eminent
Orators and Statesmen of Anc and Mod. Times, N.Y., 1855,
8vo.
" An interesting volume. The selections are characteristic and
happy, and the crilical and expl.inatory suggestions and com-
mentary useful and just."— RvFus Ciioate.
7. The Heavenly Token, 12mo. 8. Life of Charles Sum-
ner, 12ino. Ed. Classical Library of Sacred Authors, to be
completed in 24 vols., N. York. 12mo.
Harsnet, Adam. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1630, 4to.
Harsnet, Samuel, 1561-16:U, a native of Colchester,
educaled at King's Coli, and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge;
Bishop of Chichester, 1609; trans, to Norwich, 1619-
Archbishop of York, 1629. 1. Serm., 1584, Lon., \(m,
12mo. 2. A Discouery of the fraudulent Practices of John
1849, '50, and the first six months of 1851; the Iris, a
very splendid annual for 1850. '51. and '52; White's Uni-
versal History ; and many other works, to which his name
has not been given. Professor Hart has contributed many
articles to the Princeton Review, Graham's Magazine, and
other periodicals. His Annual Reports of the Philadelphia
High School for the last fifteen years would fill several
volumes.
Hart, Joseph, minister of the Grey Friars' Church,
Edinburgh. 1. Trans, of Ilerodian's Hist, of his Own
Times, 1749. Svo. Privately printed. In the preface to
his hymns, Hart expresses much regret for this publica-
tion. 2. Hymns, Ac, with the Author's Experience. 1759,
12mo. There have been modern eds. of Hart's hymns.
See Dr. Johnson's Diary, April 22, 1764, in Bosnell's Life
of .Johnson.
Hart, Capt. L. W. Character and Costume of
Afi'ghaunistan, Lon., 1843, imp. fol. With 26 plates on
stone, by Haghe. Pub. at £4 4».
Hart, Levi, D.D., minister of Preston, Conn., d. 1803
aged 69. Serms., 1774, 'S6, '89, 1S03.
11 AR
HAR
Hart, Levi, nna V. It. Osborn. The Works of P.
Vir"-iUiH Maro, &e., wilh ar. Interlinear Translation, &c.,
.Bait, is:i3, 12mo. New ed., Pbila., 1855, 12mo. See
Hamilton, Jamks. „ „, , ,
Hart, Oliver, 1723-1795, a minister of Charleston,
S.C. a native of Pennsylvania, pub. several serms. and
tracts, 17S'.I. io. „ , „r , <■
Harr, Richard. The Importance of the Word ot
God ■ the substance of two Semis., lirist., 1767, 8vo.
Hart, Uichard. Serm., 1804.
Hart, Uichard, Vic.-ir of Catton. in the Diocese of
Norwich. 1. Medulla Couciliorum, ic, 446-1548. Norw.,
1833, 8vo. 2. Materialism Refuted. 3. Eccles. Records
of Eng., Ireland, and Scot., from the 5th Cent, to the
Keform., 2d ed., Camb., 1846, 8vo.
"This work is a digest of tbe contents of Wilkins and ?pel-
man's Concilia, arrant'ecl under vaiioua heads, and illustrated
with notes exbibiling considerable researcli."— i""i/iisA Ilcvicui.
Hart, Sir William, Lord Chief-Justice of Scotland.
Examination, Ac. of G. Sprot, Lon., 1608, 4to. This tract,
relatin.;: to the Govvry Conspiracy, is reprinted in vol ix.
of the Harlcian Miscellany.
Hart, William, minister of Saybrook, Conn., pub.
several tbe"lo!;. treatises. 1759-72.
Hart, William. Alexis the Tyrant; a Tale, 1812,
12m«.
Hart, William Neville. The CJoodness of God; a
Poem, and Pinu.s Meditations, Lon., 1808, 8vo.
Hartclitl'e, John. Serms., Ac, 1634-95.
Harte, George. Needfulnesso of Peace in Fraunce,
ic, Lon., 1575. Svo. Trans, from the French.
Harte, Walter, b. about 1700. d. 1774, w.as educated
at Marlborough School, and at St. Mary's Hall, Oxfonl, of
which he became Vice-Principal; Canon of Windsor. 1751 ;
subsequently Vicar of St. Austel and of St. Blazy, Corn-
wall. 1. Poems on Several Occasions, Lon., 1727, '39, 8vo.
2. Essay on Satire, p.articularly on the Dunciad, 1730, Svo.
3. Essay on Reason, 1735, fol. To this essay Pope was a
contributor. 4. The Union of Reason, Morality, and Re-
vealed Religion ; a Serm., 1737, 8vn. This passed through
five eds. 5. A Fast Serin., 1740. 6. The Hist, of Gustavus
Adolphus, King of Sweden, surnamed the Great, 1759, 2
vols. 4to; 1767, 2 vols. 8vo; 1807, 2 vols. r. Svo. This
work was trans, into German, with a Pref., Notes, and
Corrections, by John Gottlieb Bohme.
'■ Johuson much commended bim as a scholar, and a man of the
most companionable talents he had ever known, lie said the
defects iu his History proceeded not from iuibeeility. but from
foppery. ... It was unluekv in comini; out on the same day as
Robertson's History of Scotland. . . . Mr. Kliot said it was a very
good book in the German translation." — BosweU's Life of Dr.
Johnson.
"A work strongly commended by Lord Chesterfield on the score
of matter. The style is literally execrable." — Dittdiiis Lib. Comp.
Robertson's Hist, of Scotland was pub. a month before
this, but Hume's House of Tudor came out in the same week.
"George Ilawkios, his bookseller, we are told, somelimes objected
to his uncouth words or phrases, while the woi-Ii was in the press;
but Ilarte refused to change them, and used to add, with a com-
placent sneer, 'George, that's what we call wiitiug!'"
"The life of this extraordinary man [Gustavus Adolphus] has
been written by Mr. Harte with great activity of research, and a
scrupulous examination of his materials, which are understood to
be the best, though they are not suffleieiitly particularized. The
book will disappoint the re-ader: Mr. Harte writes often with sin-
gularly bad taste, and never with any masterly display of his sub-
ject ; but it may be compared with Coxe, and must be considered."
—Pi-of. Smyth's Leds. rm ihd. Hist.
7. Essays on Husbandry, 1764, Svo; 1770, Svo.
" His husbandry is good." — Dr. Johnson : BoswdVs Lift of
Johnson.
"This is tbe book of a scholar and a gentleman; and is attractive
from the variety and interest of the sul'jects treated of, its learn-
ing, and good taste." — ^fcCtlllnclt's Lit. of I'olit. Bjon.
"With very few exceptions, distinguished for perspicuity of
style, and far more elegance thau that subject is generally sup-
posed to admit."
"The essays have always been reckoned good; our own opinion
can say nothing of them." — Donatdson's Afjririitt. Biog.
8. The Amaranth, 1767. The poems in this vol. are
illustrated by extracts from the Fathei-s. 9. Essay on
Painting.
"So much knowledge of the art, and acquaintance with the
works of the most eminent painters, argues a taste surprising at
his early age."
See Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies ; BosweU's
Life of Johnson; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Johnson and
Chalmers's English Poets, ISIO, 21 vols.; Chalmers's
Biog. Diet; Gent Mag.
liarte, William Marshall, Examining Chaplain to
Dr. Coleridge, Bishop of Barbadoes, and Rector of St.
Lucy. 1. Practical Serms., Lon., 1S39, 12mo. 2. Loots.
on the Gospel of St Matt, 1831-34, 2 vols. 12mo.
" These very useful lectures were originally preached to a con-
crcation of Negroes; thev are eminently characterized by sim-
plicity of language, yet wifh.mt debasing the importance of the
subjects discussed by improper familiarity of expression. —Homes
Bill. Bill.
Hartford, Frances, Countess of, afterwards
Duchess of Somerset Her Corresp. with Henrietta Louisa,
Countess of Pomfret. 1738-41, la.n., 1SII5, 3 vols. 12uio.
Hartgill. or Hartgyll, George. 1. Generall Calen-
dars; or, Astron. Tables, Lon., 1594, fol. 2. Astron. Ta-
bles, 4t.i.
Hartlantl. Intestate's Personal Estate, 1|9S.
Hartley, David, M.D., 1705-1757, a native of Arm-
ley, Yorkshire, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge,
of which he became Fellow. He settled as a physician
first at Newark, afterwards at Bury-.St-Edmund's, subse-
itly at London, and finally at Bath. He pub. soni-
quent.^ — . .- ■ ,
tracts upon Mrs. Stephens's famous medicine for the stone,
—of which ho was a victim,— and some other professional
treatises, but is best known by bis Observations on ^Man,
his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations, Lon., 1749, 2
vols. Svo. Repub. by his son, 1791, 4to, with Notes and
Additions, from the German of H. A. Pistorius, Rector of
Poseritz, in the L-land of Rugen, and a sketch of the Life
and Character of Dr. Hartley. Again, with additions, by
Dr. Joseph Priestley, 1801, 3 vols. Svo.
" This is the most valuable edition of this excellent work. —
Dr. t*HIESTi,l-.Y. „
In 1775, Svo, appeared Hartley's Theory of the Human
Mind, on the Principle of the Association of Ideas; with
Essays relating to the Subjects of it, by Joseph Priestley,
LL.D. Again, 1790, Svo. Hartley's philosophical theory
"Re-ards the brain, the nerves, and the spinal marrow, as the
diiect instruments ot sensation. External objects, he conceives,
excite vibrations in these medullary cords, which vibrations, once
communicated, are kept up by a cert.iin elastic tiuid called ether.
Afterasuffieientrepetitionof these vibrations, the sens.ations leave
behind them types and images of themselves. Frequent repetition
excites association, and association hi its turn imparts to any one
idea the power of exciting all the related ideas,— a power which
belongs likewise to the vibratiundes and their miniature images.
Upon'this piinciple and theory of association, he attempts to ac-
count for all the phenomena of the mental constitution of man.
The hypothesis of vibrations, it is well known, has been
completely overthrown by Haller's demonstration that
there can he no such thing as vibrations in the nervous
system. Priestley endeavours to prove that Hartley was
a materialist like himself; but Hartley "dreaded nothing
so much" as this imputation, though certainly he is to be
read with caution, and cannot be proposed as a sound guide
in theology. As regards his obligations as a philosopher
to Newton, Locke, Gay, and even to Aristotle, and how far
he concurs with Hobb'es, can be ascertained by an exami-
nation of the authorities referred to below. As an expo-
sitor of the •' Law of Association" — we use the term Laio
not without scruple— Hartley is certainly entitled to some
credit, and he has been fully paid. We quote some opi-
nions respecting his philosophical speculations as displayed
in the Observations on Man :
"Something was done in this field of knowledge by Descartes,
very much by Mr. Locke, but most of all by Dr. Hartley, who has
thrown more useful light upon tbe theory of tbe mind, than New-
t..n did upon the theory of the natural world."— Dr. Priestlei :
McmurliS on Rtid, BoMit, and OsviaU, 1774.
".lohnson, one day, observing a blend of his packing up two
volumes of Observations on Man, written by this good and great
man. to take into the country, said, ' Sir. you do right to take Dr.
Hartley wilh you; Priestley said of bim. that be bad learned more
from Hartley than bom any book he bad ever read, except the
Bible.' "—BoswdVs Life of Johnson.
" Hartley has investigated the principle of Association more
deeply, explained it more accurately, and applied it more usefully,
thau even his great and venerable predecessor, Mr. Locke." — Dr.
1'arr: Serm. on Education^XTii.
"The writer who has built most upon Ilobbes, and m.iy bo
reckoned, in a certain sense, the commentator, if he who fully
explains and developes a system may deserve that name, was
Hartley."- aii'tam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, q. i).
" That there is great value to be attached to much which Hartley
has drawn from the law of association, and that he has aftorded
an explanation of many phenomena, before very imperfectly un-
derstood, cannot be denied. The very ardour, however, with
which he threw himself into his system, and the very closeness
with which ho analvzed the facts in the case, necessarily imparted
a one-sidedness to his philosopbv, and led to the neglect of some
other facts equally important."— .W'>r.H's Hist, of Mml. Phdos.
\ " It is the tirst attempt to join the study of intellectu.il m.an to
that of physical man."— C'o<tsiijsi/is(.o/J/ud.P/"7os.,0. W. Wiyhfs
Trans.
Cousin is a high authority, — but does he not forget philo-
' sophic caution when he styles Hartley's the " iirst at-
tempt"? We offer no counter-statement, but we think it
' exceedingly hazardous to pretend to designate " the first
attempt" in any branch of human speculation. We have
I ventured to hint some doubts respecting the extraordinary
795
HAR
merit which has hcen claimed for Hartley's speculations:
ail J if wc err hero, we err with great examples :
• Ihe capital fault of Hartley is that of a rash Keneralizatinn
ivhich niny prove luiperfect, and which Is at least premaUi^ A°
atleoipts to explain or instruct by this principle h"-e hitherto
sonTn"rvJ „"S J r-". V^" ■"'"" i-Portant processes of rel"
Boujng have not hitherto been accounted for bv it "—iiitt James
MACKraxosu : 2d Pnlim. DUiert. to E«cyc Bnt ■"'■"^"'^
" Ihe intentions of both [iionnet and llartlevl are allowed bv
worthv"\°nr'u ''■»^" '';'""• <.° h-o Wen ecfiie'.tlv pure aS
wrlin-I:^. T-r', '"' «'« Of either, that his metaphysical
writings have contributed much to the instruction or to the im-
?t,.nZ7 , °^ ""' ^^^^''- "" "><' ™°"'"-y. •"'^•y l'="-^ been in-
6 umeiital in spreading a set of speculative tenets very nearly
allied to that sentimental and fantastical modification of Spinoz-
ism which for many years past has prevailed so much and pro-
duced such mischievous effects in some parts of Germany "—
DnoALD STtWART : ls( Prelim. Dissert, to E„cyc. Brit.
Bishop AVatson reprinted in his Collection of Tracts one
on the Truth of the Christian Religion, prefaced by the
remark : ■'
" This tract is printed from the second volume of Dr. Tfartley's
Observations on Man; it is written wilh sin^-ular closeness of
;?„hS .•■ ""« ,v *'" ""'I'^'-s'M'i """St be read with great at-
tention. — Bishop Watson.
ConsuJt autliorities cited above; and see also Life by his
son, prefixed to his Observations on Man, ed U'U 4to-
r Ir'^i^of";''' ""t"'" I"'<-'ll"'t'"'l Powers; BlaUev'sHist;
f. fi"''- ^h'"^;,V ^'■- ^- '*^'illi-™^'s Christian Preacher, ed.
184u.p 337; Watsons Ilisf. of Halifax; Cunninghiim's
Biog. llist. of England ; Chalmers's Bio.'. Diet
Hartley, David, M.P., d. at Bath, in ISl.'J, a^ed 84
a son of the preceding, was one of the plenipotentiaries
appointed to treat with Dr. Franklin, the American am!
bassador at Pans. Some of his letters will be found in
Frankhn s Correspondence. Hartley possessed some scien-
ific knowledge, and was the author of several inven-
tions. He pub. some political tracts. Letters on the
Anicncan War (to which he was opposed.) Ac., 1776-94
the""m!nJn't,-'Li^:'l"840°l't:"'' '° '^™S-=''"''- -
Hartley, James. Two Discourses, Lon., 1775, 8vo.
omni F M,l,' f "t"* '^•■""'''.S''? "»iversalis Librorum in
oiuni ia ultate Linguaque msignium et rarissimorum,
nu.^'iV*'*' ■'"''"■ ^'"^^''y'^"'''' Ordination, Ac,
\\l\\\ll' ??■?■''''• ''''■''•'■ Q"^^*""'^. Lon., 1799, Svo.
TJ„,,h 7' ;.'""'"»»' 1 '07-1784, Rector of Winwick,
Mv tic^'^ r''"'""' >""'■ •"•■"'■'O^ "^ Enthusiasm, the
Sis 7 q'V'T '^r"^'- *'^- ""d trans, some of the
writings of Swedenborg into En^Ii«h
Hartlib, Samuel, the son of a Polish merchant
emigrated to London in the 17th century, and engaged
in a mercantile agency. He was a man of great public
spirit, much practical wisdom, and greatly esteetned ly
his contemporanes. Milton addressed to him his Tractate
hL Tw T;."""" ";"• Sir Wm. Petty inscribed to
him Two Letters on the same subject, 1647, ic • and
there are other such evidences of the high respect in which
he was held at home and abroad. He was the author of
some theologK^al and educational treatises, and several
works on husbandry were pub. in his name. Those wMch
^^r^e^ritr'ryth'erf"'''''^-" '"^ ^'^' "'"'^■'^ ^°"-t
PlanL':. Ll":T45'"'""t"'l T " ''"'"'",' ''■"'
ment of the above! l'6/l''5t;55,'4t^'^°"!^fh:Ve?S
Husbandman, 1651. 4to. 4. Ess-V on the Advancement
0 Husbandry and Learning, &c., 1651, 4to. 5. The Com
plete Husbandman, 1659, 4to. He pub. two trcaUses-
Vart„':°s''Mi^t7n"c"'' Silk-Worm' in Virginia lee
IT art™ s Milton; Censura Literaria; Gent. Mag., Ix.vii
Bbg ' ^'"^^ "" Sericulture ; Donaldson's AgricuU:
Hartman, George. Medical works, 1682, '96, both
Svo bee DiGBv, ,Sik Kenelm. '
16M.'*""*'' **"'■''"• Earthquake, Ac; Phil. Trans.,
nart.shorii, C. W. N. Eng. .Sheriff, 1844, 12mo.
fol "' Commercial Tables, Bost., 1853,
Le^".''';'"""';' Thomas C. Trans, of J. P. p. Do
and":ddii';ri,.'",?:,^;;:,t'^,"-^' Magnetism; with Notes
Hartshorne, Caroline Ellen. For You Know
HarUhor;;''' «'"' ''^ '''"""le. Bost., ISM, 18mo
triJarx'i^rLTn' ?'svo''"o"rh^ f\\ ^"^^"' ^^'^
796 ' ^ - '■^'^ ^""^ Rarities iu the
HAR
Univ. of Cambridge; illust. by Orig. Letters and Notea,
Biug. Lit. and Antitp, 1829, Svo.
••'niis interesting bibliographical book contains letters of Far-'
mer 8teevens,*c., CapelPs Shaksperiana complete, a list (the only
b^torVFrtSiar--''"' ""'"'""^ '"^'"""""''' '° '"^ '''"--"^
3. f'M'in Antiqua, 1841, Svo, and large paper. 4.
Sepulchral Remains in Northamptonshire, 1841 Svo 5
Hist. Memorials of Northampton. 1848, 12mo. See Dibl
dm s Lib. Comp,, ed. 1825, 672, 673, 690
Hartshorne, Edward, M.D., b. 1818, in Philadel-
phia, a «'n of the distinguished physician of the same
mT' , ,■ ?^'"''<^"' Jurisprudence, by Alfred S. Taylor,
M.D.; 3d Amer. from the 4th Eng. ed., with Notes and
References to Amer. Decisions, Phila., 1854. r Svo 4th
Amer. from the 6th Eng. ed., 1856, r. 8yo. These eds. em-
brace the notes of Dr. R. E. Griffith to the former Amer.
ed., and some new matter.
" So Well is this work known to the members both of the medi- "
ftat"it C'-lfl.T''"'""''- "■;.'' =" '■'""'^ "^ " "PP'-eciated byt^em,
^,n iU b • " T'T'^ f" "S •" "ay a word in its conimendj
nos i'bi. r •-' "'.'■■'^.^.vieached a fourth edilion being the best
fectdthe nr"-''''!"'^*'""''- ''^"= •■"'"""■ h.'.s obviously sub- ■
'*S-!, W°!':i?cr''' "" " '"' '^"'"^ revision."-£„(. and For.
2. Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery, by T. Wharton
Jones; 2d Amer. from the 2d Eng. ed.. with'addits., 1856,
l-'mo. 3. Contributions to the Amer. Jour, of the Medical
Sciences, the Phila. Medical Examiner, and the Phila.
Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. Four
numbers (pub. in 1848-49) of the last-named periodical
were edited by Dr. H., and several of the articles written
by nim. His contributions to the medical journals above
noticed were written at various periods from 1840 to tho
present time.
■ "'','''**'»<""ne, Henry, M.D., brother of above, b. 1823
mlhila. l.-\Vaterr. Uydropatby,-Thesi5 on water in
Its true relations to medicine, Phila., 1S17. •> Contribu
tions to Am. Jour. Med. Sci., and to Phila. Med. Exam!
i il^i a""-^ "° ""^ Arterial Circulation; Transac. of
Am. Med. Association, 1856.
■ H'»'t'*h'>"'e5 Joseph, M.D., father of above, b. 1779
in Alexandria, Va. 1. First Am. ed. of Buyer's Lectures
On DK^cases of the Bones; arranged by Richeraud and
translated by Dr. FaiTell, London ; with an Appendix and
additiona plates by S. H., Phila., 1805. 2. Contributions
of Phila " I^'=P"t"ry, and the Medical Recorder, both
Hartston, Hall. Youth; a Poem, Lon., 177.3, 4to.
See Hauston, H.ill. > • > »>■"•
Hartstonge, Matthew W. Poet, works, 1813-16.
1 .??%"'",'; ^.""■iha"'. Regina Literata, Ac, Lon.,
*r„v;i .■ i.°o" ," P"''- ^""^^ "■ai's'ations from history
travels, Ac, 159a-] 603, and was the author of some an£
quar.an papers on Mottos and Epitaphs, in Hearne's Col-
lec, ii { \, 1. ^oy ; II. 375.
f o^^i'^-f'?' *J*'»''Se, M.D. Sea Bathing and Sea Air,
i.on., lbo3, Ip. Svo.
tio;r'^r';;^"''^,^ ""' '"'*°"- °f bathers of an descrip.
2d""l8]7,'8v"!-' ''■"*• ^^■""*"^' ^<'°- '''-^- 8™.-
Harty, Wm. Assumpsit, Ac, Dubl., 1842, Svo
r„Tl p'^'i ' ^«=,'":S<=' d. 1776, Fellow of Magdalen
Coll., Camb., and Rector of Drayton, Middlesex. 1
ic^lVH Svo."'' "" '• '""" "' '""'' ''"'"''' ^-'•
the1;"°aL"'bij7,irJ™';'n f'-^""^^".''' '^hich do honour to
CWhm; 7?c'. " ^"'^ ""^ "PP™''^''!''" of posterity.-'-Xo;;.
Harvest, Wm. Trans, of Fauchet's Discourse on the
Liberty of France, Lon., 1789, Svo
Harvey, D. W. Public Amusements, 1805.
EniJlT^,''^ «-abriel, LL.D,, 1545?-1B30? an excellent
English and Latin poet, equally well known as the friend
ChHVsp'ir'' ''' i'^'^ 'ii""'^ "<■ N''^''' ™^ 'Educated at
in 1 «. ? """ r'' "' P^^ibroke Hall, Cambridge, and
in 1585 became Doctor of Laws. The following ^r; hi,
principal English publications .—1. Three proper and
wiieiamiliar Letters: lately passed betweene two Vni-
n "V^"n ^™-- '*^''' ■"»• ^"''- Anglo-Poet., 344,
Wn-„r 9 \;"''"''^y ™«° were himself and Edmund
4to. Bib . Anglo-Poet, £25. Reprinted in the Arehaica
Ihis contains many litenary notices of his contempora-
ries, and IS therefore of great value to the antiquary,
f'^f .7' Supererogation : or, anew Prayse of the Old Asse,
1593,410. 4. A New Letter of Notable Contents, 1593,
4to. ihe two last, bound in one vol., produced, at tho
Bindley s sale, £17 17». Tho same vol. is now (1856)
lUR
HAR
offered by Mr. Joseph Lilly, of London, for £8 IS^. 5(/., ' the resignation of Dr. Prujean, Harvey was unanimously
exactly one-half. Harvey's poem of Hobhinol, prefixed noniin;ttud as his successor in the Presidency of the Col-
to Spenser's Faerie Queene, has been highly praised. ; lege of Physicians; hut his advanced age and bodily in
Harvey was fond of using the Latin versification '" *^ """ '"'' ' '"
English poetry, and exerted his influence with his illus-
trious friend to induce him to follow his example :
" I like your KugHsli Hexameters so well, that I also enure my
pen sometimes in that kiud."' — Kdmund Si'EiNSer : in a letter to
Respecting Harvey, bis publications and his literary
quarrels, see Athen. Oxon. ; M'ebhe's Discourse of Eng.
Poets; Berkcnhout's Biog. Lit. ; Boloe's Anec. of Lit.,
Ac; Todd's Life of Spenser; AVarton's Hist, of Eng.
Poet.; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times; Disraeli's
Calamities of Authors; Brit. Bibliographer; Censura
Literaria ; Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe ; Archaica;
Bibb Anglo-Poet.; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.;
"Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
*-His [Woblie's] taste is better showu in his praise of Spenser
for the iShepberds Kalendar, than of Gabriel Harvey for his re-
formation of our English verpe; that is. by fiTcins; it into uncouth
Latin measures, which Webhe has himself most unhappily at-
tempted."— If'iUam's Lit. Hist, of Eiirop''.
"The literature and moral character of Harvey were hijihly
respectable; but he was vain, credulous, affected, and pedantic"'
— Urake^s Shaksj-eurc and his Tiims.
Harvey, George. Otsian's Fingal rendered into
English Verse, Lon., 1814, Svo.
Harvey, George. Matheniat. con. to Thorn. Ann.
Philos., 1817.
Harvey, Gideon, M.D., d. IVOO, Physician of the
Tower of London fur above fifty years, pub. a number of
profess, works, 1605-99. He carried on an active war
with the College of Physicians.
'■His Medical Treatises have never been in any esteem. Haller
Btvles him Aspeh Homo; and certainly the general character of
his Writings is asperity." — Wall's BiUh Brit., q.v.
Harvey, H., b. 1821, in England. Memoir of the
Rev. Alfred Bennett, N. York, lSo2. 12mo.
Harvey, James. Prognostical Signs of Acute Dis-
eases, Lon., 17lifi, '20, Svo.
Harvey, James. Orders, &c. for Justices of the
Peace. Lon., MW?,, ';U, '51. 12mo.
Harvey, Jane. Novels, 1S02-U.
Harvey, John, a younger brother of Gabriel and
Kichard Harvey, pub. some astrolog. treatises, Lon.,
1584-88.
Harvey, John. 1. Hist, of Robert Bruce, Edin.,
1729. 4to. 2. Poems and Letters. 1720, 12ino.
Harvey, Richard, a brother of Gubriol and John
Harvey, pub. an astrolog. Discourse, Lon., 1583, Svo, and
some other treatises, 1583-93.
Harvey, Kichard, Preb. of St. Paul's, Rural Dean
and Rector of llornsey, Mii-ldlescx. Serm., Mark ii. 27,
28. The Christian entitled to Legal Protection in the
Observance of the Lord's Day. The sermon we never
read, but the subject is an excellent one. When Sir John
Barnard was chief-magistrate of London he "made the
runagates continue in scarceness."
Harvey, T. Cyphering-Buok, 1S14. 4to.
Harvey, Thomas. Trans, of John Owen's Latine
Epigrams. Lun.. 1677. 12mo.
Harvey, Rev, Thomas. Appeal to Lord John
Russell, M.P., against the proceetlings of the Bp. of Lon-
don, Lon., 1847. Svo.
Harvey, W. C. Poems, 1818.
Harvey, WilHam. Serms.. 1657-1705.
Harvey, WiUiam, M.D., 1578-1057, the discoverer
of the circulation of the blood, a native of Folkestone,
Kent, was educated at Cains College, Cambridge, and sub-
sequently studied anatomy at Padua under the celebrated
Fabricius ab A'luapcndente. In 1002 he returned to
England; in 1015 was appointed Pr<if. of Anatomy and
Surgery to the Royal College of Physicians; and about
1610 to 1619 publicly stated the great discovery which
has conl'erred upon him such celebrity, but the announce-
ment of which was received with unsparing ridicule and
for more than twenty years provoked unrelenting persecu-
tion. His exposition of his theory was not pub, until
1623 : it is entitled Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis
et Sanguinis Circulatione, Francf., 4to. His Exercita-
tiones de Generatione Animalium was jmb. in 1651, Lon.,
4to. This valuable work would have been much more
complete, had it not been for the loss of the author's
papers, relating principally to the generation of insects.
This loss, which occurred when his house was plundered
during the Civil Wars, he feelingly deplores many years
after the event. Harvey contributed to Phil. Trans. (1669)
an Anatomical Account concerning Thomas Parr, who
died at the age of 152 years and 9 mouths. lu 1654:, on
firmities induced him to decline the proffered honour. An
ed. of his works — Opera Oinnin, &c. — was pub. in 1737,
Lugd. Bat., 2 vols. 4to; but a better ed., with a Life of the
Author, in Latin, by Dr. Lawrence, was issued by the College
of Physicians in 1766, Lon., 2 vols. 4to. A new ed. of his
works was pub. by the Syd. Soc, 1846-47, pp. 024. The
Latin style of Dr. Harvey has been greatly admired for its
perspicuity, fluency.and elegance. There were many attemi»ts
to deprive this great man of the credit of his discovery; but
by modern writers {if we except Dr. Wm. Hunter, sec his
Two Introduc. Lects. to his Anat. Lccts.. 1784. 4to. and
Dr. J. R. Coxc) his claim has been honourably allowed.
As regards the value of Harvey's discovery as con-
trasted with the results of previous investigations, the
true state of the case is well summed up by an eminent
modern authority, who has felt justified in treating this
question at considerable length ;
"It may indeed be thought wonderful that Servetus, Columbus,
orCa-salpin should not have mme distinctly apprehended the con-
sequences of what they maintained, since it seems diOicult to
conceive the lesser circulation without the greater: but the de-
fectiveness of their views is not to be alleged as a counter-balance
to the more steady sai;acity of Harvey."— i/a^^m's Lit. Hist, of
Europe q. V.
If the student who desires to pursue this subject fur-
ther inquire as to the best sources of information, wo
refer him to the authorities cited below, and especially to
Harvey's own exposition, for — to quote the language of
Dr. Freind —
" As it was entirely owing to him. so he has explained it with
all the clearness imaginable; and, though much has been written
upon that subject since. I may venture to say. his own boolc is
the shortest, the plaines-t. and the most convincing of any. as we
may be satistied, if we look into the many apologies written in
defence of the circulation."
To this testimony we may add that of Mr. Hume:
" Harvey is entitled to the glory of having made, by reasoning
alone, wilhoutany mixture of accident, a capitjil discoveiy in one
of the most important branches of .science. lie had also the hap-
piness of establishing at once this theory on the most solid and
convincing proofs; and posterity has added little to the argu-
ments suggested by his industry and ingenuity."— Kuf. of Eng-
lund: Tlie IfcsioraU'on.
See Life by Dr. Lawrence ; Freind's Hist of Med.;
Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med. ; Lives of Brit. Physicians,
in Murray's F-amily Library, vol. xiv. ; The Gold-Headed
Cane; Physic and Physicians; Aubrey's Letters of Emi-
nent Persons, 1S13, 3 vols. 8vo ; Biog. Brit.; Rees's Cyc;
AVatt's Bibl. Brit.; Hist, of Medicine to 19th cent., by
P. V. Renouard.
Here we had intended to close; but we feel unwilling to
omit Harvey's own account of the difficulties which en-
compassed his path when engaged in those laborious
investigations which were crowned at last with such
ample recompense. On a subject of such importance to
the general interests of humanity, the doctors, we trust,
will not be unwilling to forgive a little enthusiasm, even
iu a laic :
"Devoting myself to discern the use and utility of the move-
ments of the heart in animals, in a great number of vivisections,
I found at first the subject so full of difficulties that I thought
for a long time, with Fracastor. that the secret was known to Ood
alone. I could distinguish neither in what manner the systole
and diastole took place, nor at what moment the dilatation and
constriction occurred, owing to the celerity of the movements of
the heart, which io most animals is executed in the twinkling
of an eye, or like the flash of lightning. I floated undecided,
without knowing ou what opinion to rest. Finally, from re-
doubled care and attention, by multiplying and varying my
; experiments, and by comparing the various results, I believed I
had put my finger on the truth, and commenced unravelling the
! labyrinth, I Vielieved I had seized the correct idea of the move-
ment of the heart and arteries, as well as their true use. From
that time 1 did not cease to communicate my views either to my
friends, or to the public in my academical course."
Harvey, WiUiam. }Iours of Loyalty; or, Allego-
rical Poetical Delineations in Rhyme, Lon., 1S13, Svo,
Harvey, William Henry, Prof, of Botany to tho
Royal Dublin Society, and Keeper of the Herbarium of
the Univ. of Dublin. 1. Manual of the British Algse,
Lon., 1S41, Svo: 1S50, Svo. 2. Phycologia Britannica;
or, a Hist, of Brit. Sea-Weeds. 1846-51, 3 vols. r. Svo,
arranged in the order of publicatiun, £7 12*. 6i/. ; or, iu
4 vols. r. Svo. arranged systematically according to the
Synopsis, £7 17s. Qd. A few copies on large paper. An
entire plate is devoted to each species, the number of
plates amounting to 360.
'■The History of British Sea-weed-o we can most faithfully re-
commend for its scientific, its pictorial, and its popular value; the
professed botanist will find it a work of the highest character,
whilst those who desire merely to know the n.tTDes and history
of the lovely plants which they gather oi\ the sea-shore will find
797
EAR
HAS
in it. the faithful portraiture of every one of them." — JnnaJs and
Miignzine of Natural History.
3. The 'Sea-Side Book, Sd ed., 1854. fp. 8vo. 4. Nereis
Australis; or, Illust. of the Alg£e of the Southern Ocean,
1848, &c., 4 Pts. imp. 8vo,
'• Uf this most iniportanl contribution to our knowlt^dge of
exotic Algre, we know not if we can pay ita hi^^ber com pliiiient than
by saying it is worthy of the f^\xi\llirr—Lon. Journal of Bnluni/.
5. Nereis Boreali-Americana, r. 4to : Ft. 1, 1852: Pt.
2, 1853.
Harvie, John. Midwifery. Lon.. 1767, 8\-o.
Harward, Simon, of New College, Oxford, a
preacher, schoolmaster, and physician, was the author of
several theulog. and other treatises, pub. 1581-1623. See
Athen. Oxon.
Ilarwood. Piipsing Bell, 1655. 8vo.
llarwood. Sir linsic, Kt., Prof, of Anat. in Univ.
of Cumb., b, at Newmarket, d. 1814. 1, Lects. on Ana-
tomy and Physiol., Lon., 1797, 8vo. 2. Comparative
Anat. and Physiol. ; Fasciculus 1, 1796, 4to.
Hanvood, Caroline. The Castle of Vivaldi j or,
the Mysterious Injunction ; a Novel, 1810, 4 vols.
Harwood, Charlotte. Lucubrations by a Lady,
1781), 12mo.
Harwood, Edward, D.D., 1729-1791, a learned
Unitarian minister and schoolmaster, pastor of a con-
gregation in Bristol from 1765 to '70, settled in London
in or about the latter year, and subsisted by literary em-
ployment and classical tuition. He pub. a number of
theological treatises, and the following works, by which
he is best known. 1. A New Introduc. to the Study and
Knowledge of the N. Test., Lon., vol. i. 1767; ii. 1771,
both 8vo. A third vol. was promised, but never completed.
" Certainly to be recommended to the theological student." —
Bp. Afarsh^s Lects. mi Divinity.
" This work may be read with advantage, making allowance for
the author's theological sentiments." — Dr.E. WiUiams's C. I'.
*• In this Introduction many of the topics usually tre^ited of in
such booksare discussed with considerable ability." — Onm-'s Bibl.
Bib.
" The value of Br. II.'s Inti'oduction would not have been di-
minished, ifhe had acknowledged his obligations to the preceding
work of Pritius, to which he has been very considerably indebted."
— Eornf-'s Bibl. Bib.
2. A Liberal Trans, of the New Test., 1767, 2 vols. 8vo.
** The preceding work was designed to introduce this new and
liberal vers^ion. ... As a translation, it is verbose, affected, and.
in fact, more the New Testament of Dr. Uarwood than of the
apostles." — Orme's Bibl. Bib.
3. The New Test., collated with the most approved
MSS., with select notes in English, critical and explana-
tory. 1776, 2 vols. 12mo.
'• This edition is certainly entitled to a place among the critical
editions of the New Testament, though it is not accompanied with
various readings: for, though Dr. Harwood has adopted the
common text as the basis of his own, he has made critical cor-
rections wherever the received reading appeared to him to be
erroneous. The manuscripts which he hits generally followed
when he departs from the common text are the Cantabrigiensis,
in the Gospel and Acts, and the Claromontanus in the Epistles of
?t. Paul." — Bi.thop Marsh's Michadis.
"The appendix to vol. ii. contains a useful list of editions of the
New Testament, and of critics and commentators on it." — Orme^s
Bibl. Bib.
" In the list of commentators and critics, those are most com-
mended by Dr. Ilarwood who favour the Socinian scheme, to which
he was strongly attached; and he therefore admitted or rejected
a variety of readings, according as they favour or oppose thy So-
cinian doctrine." — Home's Bibl. Bib.
4. A View of the v.irious editions of the Greek and
Roman Classics; with Remarks, Lon., 1775, 8vo ; 2d ed.,
1778 ; 3d ed., 17S2, 12mo ; 4th and best ed., 1790, 12mo.
"This is a valuable little book, no doubt far fmni being perfect,
but that can scarcely be expected in a work of the kind. It has
been translated into several lureign languages." — halt's Bibl. BrU.
The student must procure the later manuals of Dibdin
and of Moss.
5. Biographia Classica: The Lives and Characters of
the Greek and Roman Classics. New ed., 1778, 2 vols.
12mo. See Rees's Cyc. ; Gent. Mag., vols. l.\ii., l.\iii., Ixiv.;
Watt's Bibl. Brit. /
Harwood, Edward, Populorum et Urbium selecta
Numismata Grseca, ex Mre descripta et Figuris illus-
trata, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Harwood, ii, H, Hist, of Wesleyan Methodism.
New ed.. Lt)n., 1854, 18mo.
Harwood, James. Serms. and Discourses, Lon.,
1661-62.
Harwood, John. The Cause why I deny the Au-
thcrily <.f Geor^'e Fnx, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Ilarwood, John. Roman Sudatory; Phil. Trans.,
17(n>.
Harwood, John. Advice to Members of Pari.,
1812, 8vo.
798
Har^vood, John Edninnd, an actor, who came to
Philadelphia with Wignell's company in 1793, pub. a vol.
of poems in N. York in 1809. See Dunlap's Hist, of the
Amer. Sta;:ce.
Harwood, Richard. Serms., 1644, '45.
ilarwood, Thomas. 1. The Death of Dion ; a
Trag., Oxf, 1787, 8vo. 2. Annot. on Genesis, Lou., 1789,
8vo. A compilation from various authors,
"Which, if not a brilliant, may in some degree be considered as
a useful, performance."' — Lon. Month, liev.. A' .^.. iv. 106.
3. Alumni Etonenses, 1443-1797, 4to, 1797.
" Harwood's book is not reckoned of much authority beyond
the mere records which he copied." — Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
4. Hist, of Christ, 1798, 12mo. 5. Grecian Antiquities,
1801, 8vo. 6. Geography, 1804, 12mo.
Harwood, Rev. Thomas. I. Hist, and Antiq. of
Lichfield, Gloucester, 1806, 4to. 2. Survey of Stafford-
shire, 8vo.
Harwood, Uriel. 1. Discourses from English Di-
vines, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Additional do., Svo.
Harwood, Wm., M.D. Curative Influence of the
Southern C"ast of England, Lon., sm. Svo.
" An instriiclive and verv useful work." — Lmi. Xeiv Times.
Hascard, Gregory, D.D., d. 1708, Rector of St.
Michael's, Queen-Hithe. London, 1669; Rector of St.
Clement Danes, 1678; Dean of Windsor, 1700. Serms.
and a Discourse, Lou., 1668-96. See Gibson's Preserv.,
ii. 82.
Haselden, Thomas. Method of Keeping a Journal
at Sea; revised and corrected, with addits., by A. Smith,
Glasg., 1788, 4to.
Haseldon, W. S. Sails for "Windmills, 1807, Svo.
Haskel, R. ill. Memoir of Frances E. H. McLelJan,
with a sclectiun from her Letters, N. York, 18o6.
Haskey, Henricws. Disputatio inaug. de Ferro,
ejusque in Morbis curandis, usu, Edin., 1777, 8vo.
Haskins, Mrs. Elizabeth, of Rhode Island, col-
lected the Literary Remains of her brother, John Brown
Ladd, which were pub., with a sketch of the author's
life, by W. B. Chittenden in 1832, N. York, 12mo.
Haskins, John. The Battle of Waterloo; a Poem,
Lon., 1816, 8vo.
Hastam, John, M.D., Apothecary to Bethlehem
Hospital. 1. Observ. on Insanity, Lon., 1798, Svo; 2d
ed., enlarged and corrected, 1809, 8vo.
*' Kead Haslam on Insanity. This dreadful visitation he as-
cribes not to a false perception or morbid intensity, but to a
wiong association, of ideas. There surely, however, must be
more in it than this. I once asked a professional pentleman,
who had particular opportunities of experience on the subject,
whether he always found the brain of maniacs in a preternatural
or disordered st^te. He said that he frequently, peihaps gene-
rally, did ; but that in many cases where the faculties were most
completely deranged, that orj:an had every appearance of being in
a perfectly sound and healthy condition." — Green's -Diary of a
Lover of Lit., June 5, 1798.
2. Illustrations of Madness, 1810, Svo. 3. Moral Ma-
nagement of Insane Persons, 1817. 4. Contributions on
Sound Mind, Svo. See Burrows, G. Maxn, M.D. 5.
Medical Jurisprudence as it relates to Insanity, according
to the Law of England, 1818. See Forsyth, J. S., and
authors there referred to. 6. Letter to the Governors of
Bethlehem Hospital, containing an acct. of their Manage-
ment of that Institution for the last twenty years, IS18, Svo.
Haslam, Wm, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's,
Baldiu. 1. Perran-Zabuloe ; or, The Lost Church. New
ed., Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. 2. The Cross and the Serpent,
Oxf.. 1849. ]2mo.
Haslehurst, George. Penmaen Mawr, and Day-
break; Poems, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
Haslem, Wm. Saunders, M.D. Inquiry into the
causes of the extraordinary addition to the number of
the Insane, 1811. Svo.
Haslerigg, Sir Arthur. 1. Speech in Pari., Lon.,
1642, 4to. 2. Letter to a Member of the late Par].,1659,4to.
Hasleton, Richard. Strange and wonderful things
happened to Rd. Hasleton, borne at Braintrec, in Esses, in
his ten yeares Trauailes in many forraine countries. Penned
as he delivered it from his owne mouth, Lon., 1595, 4to.
Haslcwood, Francis. Serms., Lon.. 1720-21.
Haslcwood, John, D.D. Serms., 1701-07, all 4to.
Haslewood, Joseph, 1769-18:13, a native of and
solicitor in London, was well known for many years to all
thorough-paced bibliomaniacs, as an intelligent and zeal-
ous editor of reprints of the works of old English poets.
Notices of these edits., and of periodicals to which Mr. H
was a contributor, will be found scattered through our
pages: see Bernkrs, Juliana; Baldwin, William;
Brathwait. KicHAnn; Brydges, Sir Samukl Egerton;
and other names in this Dictionary. A list of works
HAS
(twenty-five in number) with which Mr. Haslewood was
connected, either as sole or joint author, and as contri-
butor, will be found in a biographical notice of this gen-
tleman in Gent. Mag., Nov. 1833, 407-468. See also
Dibilin's Bibliomania, his Bibliographical Decameron,
his Library Companion, and his Literary Keminiscences.
Dr. Dibdin protests earnestly against the portrait of
Haslewood, drawn in the London AlhcHwum, (1S34, pp.
1. 28, 45, and 00.) in the four amusing papers entitled
The Roxburghe Revels, MS.
Haslewood, Wm. Legal publications, Lon., 1814-29.
Hasloch, John. Scrm., Lon., 1819, 8vo.
Hassan, Arthur Hill, M.D. 1. Hist, of British
Fresh-Water AlgiB, Lcn., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1852,
2 vols. Svo. 2. Microscopic Anat. of the Iluman Body,
1849, 2 vols. Svo ; 2d ed., 1852, 2 vols. Svo.
" We have rarely met with a work in whirh the debatable and
scattered points of a new science have been more sensibly argued,
or more judiciously combined into something nearly approaching
to the perfection of a complete system."— ion. Mfd. GazttU,
"The plates are beautifullv executed and coloured, and convey
a perfect idea of the objects » hich they are intended to illustrate."
— Lrm. Lancet.
3. Microscopical Exam, of Water supplied to London,
1850, Svo. 4. Food and its Adulterations, 1855, Svo. See
Longman's Notes on Books, May, 1855, 9-10.
" We do not doubt or deny the good services which Dr. Ilassall
has rendei ed to the public ; but we tremble either to eat or drink
after his book h.is come into our bands. We look askance at the
innocent grocer, the virtuous and respectable milkman. The
wretches! — have they not been poisoning us secretly in their back-
parlours? — mixing one knows not what abominations in our milk
parlours : — uiiAiuti uuc miu,, ^ i.v.„ ,.ij.,, «■-"■..■. .-■ _ — ... j ■ i •
and in our tea? Yet the tea and the milk, where can we get high crimes and misdemeanours (committed in bis o
HAT
Lon., 1598, Svo. 2. Apologie for the preceding, IfiOO, 4to.
Other works. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors.
Hastings, Francis Rawdon. See Moira, Earl.
Hastings, Henry James, Rector of Areley, King's.
1. Parochial Serins. . Lon., 1845-10, 2 vols. Svo. 2. The
Whole Armour of God : in four Serms., 1848, fp. Svo.
Hastings, John, M.D., Senior Physician to the
Blenheim Street Free Dispensary. 1. Pulmonary Con-
sumption healed with Naphtha, 2d ed., Lon., 1845, Svo.
'■ If experience proves the correctness of these statements. Dr.
Hastings will be considered a benefactor to the human race." —
Dr. Johnson's Renew.
2. Diseases of the Larynx and Trachea, 1850, Svo. 3.
Special Treat, of Pulmon. Consumption and Uooping-
Cough, 1854, p. Svo.
Hastings, T. Vestiges of Antiquity; or, a Series
of Etchings, ic. of Antiq. in Canterbury, 1813, imp. fol.
Hastings, Thomas. Poem, 1778, 4to.
Hastings, Thomas, an American author, has pub.
several collections of music for churches, schools, Ac,
some of them in conjunction with Wm. B. Bradbury, and
other works relating to Musical Taste, &c.
Hastings, Warren, 1733-1818. Governor of Bengal,
a wicked and unscrupulous tyrant, has been already suffl-
ciently noticed in these columns in our lives of EliMCSD
BiBKE, and George Robert Gleig. He was the son of a
clergyman ; was educated at Westminster School ; entered
the East India Company as a writer in 1750; became
Governor-General of Bengal in 1774; was arraigned for
icial
substitutes for them, — we. who can neither height Chinamen nor
keep a dairy ?"' — lilackit'00(rs Mng., Aug. 18.'i5.
HassaiU, Charles. General View of the Agricult.
of the Co. of Carmarthen, Lon., 1794, 4to. 2. General
View of the Agricult. of the Co. of Pembroke, 1794, 4to.
" Present nothing of particular aotice."—Donaldsm's Agricult.
Biorr.
Hassel, Richard. Lath in a man's eye; Phil.
Tr.ans., 1748.
Hasselgrcw, Nicholas. Swedish Pan. See Ben-
jamin Stillingfleet's Tracts on Nat. Hist.. Ac, p. 339. 1762.
Hassell, J. 1. Tour of the Isle of Wight, Lon., 1790,
2 vols. Svo. 2. Guide to Bath, 1793, Svo. 3. Beauties of
Antiquity, 1806. 4. Life of Geo. Morl-and, 1806, r. 4to.
He also pub. some works on drawing, 1S09, '11.
Hasset-Blener, Thomas. See BlenerHasset.
Hasolle, James, ;. c Ashniole, Elias, q. v.
Hasted, Edward, a native of Ilawley, Kent, 1732-
1812, was the author of the following valuable work:
The Hist, and Topog. Survey of the County of Kent, Can-
terb., 1788-99, 4 vols. fol.
"£jr Ills omnibus, longe sunt humanissimi gwiCantium incolunt,
Fm'Us creantur /ortibus el bonis,
Ncc imbeilem feroces jirogenerant.^
Second ed., improved, corrected, and continued to the
present time, 1797-1801, 12 vols. Svo. This work is now
scarce and high in price. It is the result of labour ex-
tending over a period of forty years.
" The wliole exhibits more research than taste, either in arrang-
ing the information, or in style: and it is very defective in notices
of manners, arts, or biographical and literary history. Its highest
praise is that of a foithful record of the property of the country,
and of its genealogical history."
See Gough's "Topog. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Gent. Mag.,
(written by Halsted himself,) vol. Ixxxii.
Hasted contributed a paper Concerning Chestnut-Trees
to Phil. Tr.ans., 1771.
Hastings, Lady Flora, 1806-1839, Lady of the
Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent, was the eldest daugh-
ter of Fr.ancis, Marquis of Hastings. The melancholy
circumstances connected with her untimely death have
caused her name to be widely known and held in kindly
remembrance both in Europe and America. She was an
accomplished scholar, and the author of some poetical
compositions of considerable merit. A vol. of her Poems,
collected by herself, was pub. by her sister after her
decease; new ed., Lon., 1841, fp. 8vo.
" In Lady Flora's dramatic fi-agmeuts especially, there is a true
power, which, had it continued to be cultivated, might have pro-
duced great things; and many of her original lyrics, as The
Bainbow, The Cross of Constantine, The Street of tlie Tombs,
as well as her translations from the German and Italian, are
replete with spirit and gr;ice." — Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-
Century. 8ee also Eclec. Rev.. 4th S., ix. 572.
Hastings, Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, trans., at
the request of his uncle-in-law, Cardinal Pole, Osorius de
Nobilitate, and Osorius de Gloria. See Park's Walpole's
R. and N. Authors.
Hastings, Sir Francis, son of the preceding. 1. A
Watchword to all religious and true-hearted EuglishmeD,
capacity) in 1786; and, nine years after the commence-
ment of proceedings, was acquitted in the House of Lords,
in 1795. Those who desire to know more of his history
must peruse his life by the Rev. G. R. Gleig; a review of
this work by T. B. Macaulay in Edin. Rev., Ixxiv. 160-
255; the works of Edmund Burke; the account of the
Trial pub. by Hastings himself. (Debates of the House of
Lords, Ac, 1797, 4to:) the periodicals, ic. of the day.
Hastings was the author of several publications relating
to the East India Company, fugitive poetry, essays, Ac.
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Blackwood's Mag., xii. 134; xvii.
7, 343 ; XX. 201, 20S, 326, 329, 486 ; xxxiv. 319, c( scq. ;
xxxvii. 857; xl. 71 ; xlix. 423, 638 ; Dubl. Univ. Mag.,
xviii. 619. 693.
Haswell, Charles H. 1. The Engineer's and Me-
chanic's Pocket Book, N. York, 1850. 2. Mechanics'
Tables. 185B. 12mo. 3. Mensuration, N. Tork, 1S58, 12mo.
Haswell, Susannah. Victoria, Lon., 1786, 2 vols.
12mo. Exhibits examples of filial piety.
Hasworth, H. H. The Lady of the Cave ; a Novel,
1802, 3 vols.
Hatch, John. A word of Peace from the Prince of
Peace to the sons of peace, Lon., 1646, sm. Svo. With
a Preface by Saltmarsh.
Hatchard, T. Goodwin, Rector of Havant. 1. The
German Tree; a Moral, Lon., 1851, ISmo. 2. Food for my
Flock: Serins, preached in Havant Church, 1854.
Hatchcll, John. Taafec Downes, Dubl..l815,fp.8vo.
Hatchell, John P. Trial of E. Sheridan, 1812, Svo.
Hatcher, Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, 1555,
comiJiled Memoirs of the eminent persons educated in
that institution to the year 1572, and pub. the Epistles
and Orations of Walter Haddon, in a book entitled Lucu-
brations. Hatcher was physician to Queen Mary.
Hatchett, Charles, pub. many chemical p.apers in
Phil. Trans, and Nic. Jour., 1796-1817.
Hatfield, Miss. Novels, Ac, lSOl-16.
Hatfield, J. F. Patriotism, Lon., 1804, Svo.
Hathaway, \V. S. Speeches of the Rt. Hon. Wm.
Pitt, in H. of C. 1806, 4 vcds. Svo; 1817, 3 vols. Svo.
Hatley, Griffith, M.D. Petrifaction ; Phil. Trans.,
1G83.
Hatherell, J. W., D.D
Catechism, Lon.. 1835, Svo.
1843. 12mo.
1847. 12ma
1. Serm. on the Church
2. Nine Serms. at Malta,
3. Lent Lects. on the Repentance of David,
To Dr. Hatherell we are indebted for the
Life and Preface prefixed to the reprint of Archbishop
Laud's Sermons, 1829, Svo.
Hatsell, John, 1742-1820, Chief Clerk of the House
of Commons until 1797. 1. Rules, Ac. of the H. of C,
1774, '84, '89, 1809, 4to. 2. Cases of Privileges of Parlia-
ment to 1628, 4to, 1776. 3. Precedents of Proceedings in
the H. of C, with Observ., 1781, 4to ; 2d ed., 1785, 3 vols.
4to; 3d ed., 1794-96, 4 vols. 4to ; 4th and best ed., 1818,
4 vols. 4to. This work is accepted as authority, save
where changes have been introduced of late years. See
May's Treat, upon Parliaments; Brooke's Bibl. Leg.
739
HAT
" Established forms of procedure respected hy all from tlieir
imijarliality are among the strongest securities for a free Con-
stitution, and are liarriers against over-hasty legislation, or the
uuhi-silating tyranny of the majority."— Sir Jime3 JIacki.vtosh.
Hatt, Andrew. Serm,, Lon., 1805, 4to.
Iliitt, Ricliard. Poetical Work.s, Ac. 1810-18.
Ilatt, ICicliard. Insolvent Debtors' Ct., Lon., 1321,
12iuo.
Ilatteclifle, Vine. God or Nothing. Lon., 1659, 8vo.
Hatton, Sir Christopher, d. 1591, Lord-Chnncellor
of England, 15S7, educated at St. Mary Hall, O.Nlord, has
had ascribed to him A Treatise concerning Statutes or
Acjs of Parliament, and tlie E.-jposition thereof, Lon.,
1B77, 8vo, which it is asserted he did not write, — the
fourth Act of the Tragedy of Tnncrcd and Gismund—
which Warton thinks he did write, — and some legal tracts,
which he may or may not have written. See Athen.
0.\on. ; Lodge's Illustrations ; Park's Walpole's R. and N.
Authors: Lloyd's State Worthies; Peck's Desiderata;
Fuller's Worthies; Hume's, and other histories of Eng. ;
Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors; Memoirs
of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton, by Sir
K. H. Nicolas, 1817, 8vo.
''But what was the astonishment of courtiers, of lawyers, and
of citizens, when on Saturday, the 29th of April, it was announced
that Her Majesty had chosen for the Keeper of her conscience.—
to pieside in the Chancery and the Star-Chamlier, and the House
of Lords.— and to superintend the administrations of Justice
throughout the realm.— a gay young cavalier never called to the
bar, and cbieMy famed for his liaodsome person, his taste in diess,
and his sUill in d,ancing,_sii Christopher Hatton!"— Lord Camp-
Bell : Lives of the Ldrd'CitanCillms.
The new Lord-ChanceUor seems to have borne himself
in his high office better than could have been generally
anticipated : but Fuller thinks the queen not to have
greatly erred in her judgment or fancy :
" His parts were far alMve his learning, "which mutually so as-
sisted each otlier. that no manifest want did appear; and the
queen at last preferred him Lord Chancellor of England."— ICur-
thies of Xortliuinptimsliire,
Another authority also assures us that
"He was a person that besides the graces of his person and
dancing, had also the adjectiments of a strong and subtle capa-
city,—one that could soon learn the discipline and garb both of
the times and the Court." — Naunto.v.
Lloyd cannot say enough in his praise :
"His features set off his body, his gait his features, his carri.age
his gait, his parts his carriage, his prudence his parts, and his
close patience his prudence." — StaU Favowiks.
Oakland, in his character of Elizabeth's ministers, is
not behind Lloyd in his eulogies:
" Splendidus Hatton,
Ille Satelitii regalisduitor, ovanti
Pectore, Ma!cenas studiosis, maximus alter
Et fautor verc-e virtutis. munificus.ine."
And a greater than all yet cited withheld not a noble
tribute to the fortunate saltalor who danced himself into
the woolsack :
"To THE R. n. Sir C. IL4TT0N, Lord nigh-aianceUor of England.
"Those prudent heads, that with their counsels wise,
Whilom the pillars of th' earth did sustain;
And taught ambitious Rome to tyrannise.
And in the neck of all the world to reign.
Oft from those grave aflairs were wont t' abstain,
With the sweet l.ady-muses for to play.
So Ennius, the elder Africain;
So Maro oft did Crt.sar's cares allay;
So. you, gre.at Lord.' that with your counsel sway
The burden of this kingdom mightily;
With like delights sometimes may eke delay,
The rugged brow of careful poficy;
And to these idle rhymes lend little space.
Which,. /or their title's si:ke. may find more grace."
EDmsB Spenser : presented to Sir Cliristi,fhcr Hatton unth a copy
of The Faery Queen.
Hatton, Sir Christopher. The P.salter of David;
with titles and Collects, O.xon., 1644. '46, Svo.
Hatton, Edward. Works on Arithmetic, 1699-1728
Hatton, Thomas. 1. Gold Coin, Lon., 1775 8vo
2. Watch and Clock Work, 1774. 8vo.
Ilantl'nian. Colours for dyeing; Nic. Jour.. 1805.
Ilaughton, Edward. Anti-Christ, Lon., 1652, Svo.
Hanghton, Sir <iraves Champney, Knt., d. 1849
aged 62, Prof, at the East India College. Haileybury. 1817-
27; knighted, 1833; Member of the Institute of France,
and Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, 1838. L
Rudiments of Bengali Grammar, Lon., 1821, 4to. 2. In-
stitutes of Menu, in the original Sanscrit. 3. "Ben'''ali
Sanscrit, and English Dictionary. 4. Inquiry into'the
Nature of Language, 1832, 4to. Privately printed. 5.
Prodromus; or. An Inquiry into the First Principles of
Reasoning, 1839, Svo.
^" All men are as the vulgar in what they do not understand."
Gent. Mag., Oct.
Tres Eelogse Virg'ilianac Inflexae,
HAV
"It is a work which, if men will take the trouble to think,
must make a powerful sensation. We trust that the attention
of every philosophicjd inquirer, at home and abroad, will be di-
rected to its earnest and mature examination." — Lon. Literartt
I Gazette. '
See a biographical notice in the Lo
18.49, 420.
I Hanghton, Mary Arnald. Emilia of Lindenan,
or the Field of Leipsic ; a Poem, Lon., 1815, ]2mo.
Haughton, Uev. Samuel, Fellow and Tutor of
Trin. Coll., and Prof, of Geology in the Univ. of Dublin.
See Galbraith. Rev. Joseph A.; Longman's Notes on
Books, Nov. 1S55. 46.
Haughton, Wm., was the author of a number of
dramatic pieces, of which the comedy of Englishmen for
my Money, Lon., 1616, 4to, is one of the best known.
The comedy of Patient Grissill, in which he was assisted
by Chettle and Decker, sold for £9 at the Roxburghe sale.
See Biog. Dramat., where twenty-two plays are ascribed
to this author.
Haukin, Wm.
Lon., 1631, 4to.
Hauliinius, anr/Iice Hawkins.
Ilanksbee, Francis, Curator of E.xperiments to
the Royal Society, distinguished for his e.\pcrinients in
electricity, wrote several works on electricity, A-c., pub.
1709-31, and was the author of many papers in Phil.
Tr.ans., 17U4-13, on subjects of nat. philos. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Haupt, Herman, b. 1817, at PhiUdelphia, grod. at
West Point. 1835. 1. Hints on Bridge-Building, 1840.
2. General Theory of Bridge Construction, N. York, 2d
ed., 1853, Svo. This is a valuable work, "containing de-
monstrations of the principles of the art, and their appli-
cation to practice."
Hausted, Peter, D.D., was "Vicar of Gretton, 1639,
and had several other preferments. 1. The Rival Friends;
a Com., Lon., 1632, 4to. 2. Senile Odium; Com., Cantab.,
1633, 12mo. 3. Ten Serins., Lon., 1636, 4to. 4. Ad Popu-
lum: a Lecture to the People, Oxon., 1644, 4to. 5. The
Amorous War; a Tragi-Com., Lon., 1648, 4to. 6. Hymnus
Tabaco ; a Poem in honour of Tabaco, by Raphael Thorius ;
made English by P. H., 1651, sm. Svo. The Hymn in
praise of Tobacco, both Latin and English, will be found
in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 379. It is a theme in
which, doubtless, many of our readers feel a lively interest.
"Our Author seems to be much of the Humour of Bm Johnson,
(whose greatest weakness was that he could not bear censure.")
Langhaine's Dram. Facts., q. v., and see also Bliss's Wood's Athen
Oxon. ; Iliog. Dramat.
Hauteuville, H. B. Customs and Excise, Dubl.,
1804. f„I. '
Havard, Neast. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1778.
Havard, Wm., an actor, d. 1778, aged 68. 1. Scan-
derbeg; T., 1733, Svo. 2. K. Charles the First; H. T., 1737,
Svo. 3. Regulus: T., 1744, Svo. 4. The Elopement; F.,
1768, N. P. See Biog. Dr.tmat.
Haveloch, Capt. Henry. Narrative of the War in
Affghanif tan in 183.H-39 ; 2d ed., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
See Blackwood's Mag., xlix. 298.
Haven, Mrs. Alice B., formerly Miss Bradley,
a native of Hudson. New York, was married in 1846 to
the late Joseph C. Xeal. the popular author of the Char-
co.al Sketches. After his decease she superintended the
Gazette which h.ad long borne her husband's name, and
contributed to it and to other periodicals many prose and
poetical articles. Having been from a very early age a
contributor to the literary journals of the d.ay, she now
found the advantage of the possession of a practised pen.
In 1853 Mrs. Neal was married to Mr. Joshua L. Haven.
Ill 1850 she gave to the world The Gossips of Rivertown,
with Sketches in Prose and Verse,— a gr.aphic description
of ovcry-day life in the country. But it is as a writer for
the young that Mrs. Haven has acquired honours of the
most substantial, truly valuable, and enduring character.
The excellent " Cousin Alice" is a favoured guest in
many a household circle, — the "Parents' Assistant" and
"The Children's Friend."
The volumes entitled Helen Morton's Trial, No Such
Word as Fail, Contentment Better than Wealth, Patient
Waiting No Loss, All's Not Gold that Glitters, Pictures
from the Bible, Watch and Pr,aT, A Place for Everything
and Everything in its Place, Nothing Venture Nothing
Have. Out of Debt out of Danger, The Coopers, have doubl^
less improved the heart whilst gratifying the imagination,
and instructed the conscience as well' as pleased the ta.stc.
Haven, Erastns O., D.D., b. 1820, in Boston, graJ.
Weslcyau University, 1842. The Young Man Advised,
N. York, 1855, 12mo.
HAV
Haven, Jason, 1733-1803, grad. at Harvard College,
1754, minister of Dedhuui. Mass., pub. serms., &c., 1^5S-ilO.
Haven, Joseph, I'ruf. of Intellectual and Moral Phi-
lowpby, Amherst OoU. Mental rhilosoi.liy ; including the
Intelleet, the Sensibilities, and the Will, Bust., 1858, r. 12mo.
Commended.
Haven, Nathan Appleton, 171)0-1820, a member
of the Bar, grad. at Harvard College in 1807, settled at
Portsmouth.N. Hampshire, and was editor of the Por^ts-
mouth .Journal from 1821 to 1825. A vol
Kemains, with a Memoir by George Ticknor,
1827, Svo, pp. 351. See N. Amor. Rev., xxvii. 151, (by W.
B 0 Peahodv;) and Chris. Exam., v. 70, (by 11. Ware, Jr.)
'Haven, Samuel, D.D., 1727-1806, minister of Ports-
mouth, N. Hampshire, grandfather of the preceding, grad.
at Harvard College, 1749, pub. several serms., 17fi0-1800.
Haverlield, Thomas T., Rector of Goddington,
Oxon. 1. Serm., Lon., 1811, Svo. 2. Serms., 1835-38.
Havers, Clopton, M.D., an eminent English ana-
tomist. Osteologia Nova, Lon., 1691, 1729, Svo; Dim,
1692, Svo : Neust,, 1731, Svo. Ho edited Anatomy of
Bodies of Man and Woman, from M. Spacher and J.
Remnielin. Lon., 1702, fob, and eontrib. med. papers to
Phil. Trans., 1694, '99.
Havers, George, trans, from the French, Discnurses
on Philosophy, Lon., 1661. and P. De Valle's Travels,
with Sir T. Rue's Voyages into the E. Indies, 1665, fol.
Havershani, M. Thomson, Lord. 1. Speech in
H. of Peers. 1706-07, 4to. 2. Scotch Invasion, 1709, 4to.
Haviland, D., Rector of Northpederwin, Cornwall.
First Peopling of the Island of Pritain; Archa'ol., 1770.
Haviland, J., Prof, of Anatomy. Cambridge. Fever
at Cambridge, 1815; Med. Trans., 1815.
Haviland, John, 1792-1852, Archit«ct of the Eastern
Penitentiary at Philadelphia. Builder's Assistant, Bait.,
3 vols. Svo.
Haward, Capt. Lazarns. 1. Crown Revenue, Ac,
Lon , 1647, '60, 4to. 2. Occurrences from Ireland, 1642,4to.
Haward, Nicholas. 1. Romaine Wele Publique,
Ac., Englished from Eutropius. 2. Line of Liberalitie,
1569. 16mo. „ ^, . ^
Hawarden, Dr. 1. True Church of Christ, Lon.,
1714, 3 Pts. in 2 vols. Svo. Highly esteemed by the R.
Catholics. It is intended as an answer to Cliarles Leslie's
Case Stated. 2. Wit against Reason, Brussels, 173.i, Svo.
An eminent R. Catholic layman remarks that there is in
Hawarden's polemic writings
" An union, seldom found, of brevity, accuracy, clearness, order,
and close reasoning."— OuiKLES lilTl.En.
Haweis, John O. W. 1. Sketches of the Reforma-
tion and Elizabethan Age, Lon., 1814, 12nio. Originally
pub. in the British Mag.azine. 2. Serms., 1848, 12mo.
Haweis, Thomas, 1734-1S20, Rector of .\ldwinckle,
and chaplain to the Countess of Huntingdon. His prin-
cipal works are : 1. The Evangelical Expositor; or, a Com-
ment on the Holy Bible, Lon., 1765-66, 2 vols. fol. New
ed., Glasg., 3 vols. 4to.
"Not a work of much value."— Ocin«'.« BM. Brit.
2. Communicant's Spiritual Companion, Lon., 1763,
12mo. New ed., 1854, 32mo.
"An excellent devotiousl treatise." — Biclca-sli'tfi's C. 5-
3. Improvement of the Church Catechism, 1775, 12mo.
i. Evangel. Principles and Practice, 1762, Svo. New ed.,
Oxf., 1835, 12mo. 5. Trans, of the New Test, from the
Greek, Lon., 1795, Svo.
'■ His qualifications were not equnl to the task, and his work
has not attracted any attention.'— Ormi-'s Bibl. Bill.
6. Hist, of the Church of Christ, 1800, 3 vols. Svo.
Severely criticized by Dean Isaac Milner, Camb., 1800,
Svo, &c. See an account of the controversy in Lowndes's
Brit. Lib., 1288.
Hawes, Barbara. Tales of the North American
Indians, 1620-1776, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo.
HAW
Pilgrims, ii. 47. 2. Religion of the East, with Impressions
of Foreign Travel. 3. Letters on I'niversalism, N. York,
ISmo. 4. A Tribute to the Memory of tlie Pilgrims, Hart-
ford, 12mo. Reviewed in Chris. Exam., x. 297; Chris.
Qunr. Spec., (by J. Leavitt,) iii. 358.
Hawes, Miss Mary Virginia, a native of Rich-
mond, Virginia, daughter of Sanuicl P. Hawes, late of Dor-
chester. Mass.,haspub. three popular novels under the num
dc plume of Marion Harland. 1. Alone; a Tale of Southern
containing his ; Life .and Manners, Richmond, 1804, 12uio. Repub. in Lon-
was pub. in don in the same year. Noticed in the Lon. Athenanim,
' ■ — 1854,1397. In America the 19lh ed. was pub. iu February,
1856. 2. The Hidden Path, N. York, 1855, 12mo.
" This is an improvement upon the author's last story of .\lone,
reviewed by us on its appearance. There is more pith and con-
sistency in the plot, and very much less fine writing; fewer pro-
vincialisms, both of thought and expression. The incidents of
ordinary life are still treated too grandly."- ion. Athen.
3. Moss-Side, N. York. 1857. 1 2mo.
Hawes, Robert, and Robert Loder. Hist, of
Framlingham, Woodbridge, 1798, 4to.
Hawes, Samuel. Missionary Poems, 1800.
Hawes, Stephen, an English poet. Groom of the
Privy Chamber to Henry VII.. is best known by his
Temple of Glasse, 4to, The Conuersion of Swerers, 4to,
and The Pass Tyme of Pleasure, 1517, 4to.
" If the poems of Rowlie are not genuine, the Eastime op PLIi-
STOE is almost the only eff"rt of imagin.ition and invention which
had appeared in our poetry since Chaucer." — Warton's Hist, of
Eiuj. P"d.
"Those who require the ardent words or the harmonious grace
of poetical diction will not fiequently be content with Hawes.
Uiililie many of "Ur older versifiers, he would be judged more un-
fiTOuralilv by extracts than bv a general view of his long work,
['the PassTyme of Pleasure.] lie is rude, olscure. full of pedantic
Latinisms. and proViahly has been disligured iu the press; but
learned and philnsopiiieal. reminding us fre^iuently of the school
of James V—Hallam-s Lit. Hist, i.f Eurnfe.
"That he is greatly superior to many of his immediate pre-
decessors and contemporaries, in harmonious versification and
clear expression, will appear from the following stanza :
" ' Besydes this gyauut, upon every tree,' " &c.
^yartvn\ Hid. nf Eng. Ihet.
See also Bliss's Wood's Athen Oxon-; Ellis's Specimens;
Brydgos's Phillips's Theat. Poet. ; Censura Literaria ;
Ritson's Bibl. Poet. ; Dibdin's Lil). Comp.
Hawes, William, M.D., 1736-lSOS, pub. a number
of works on medicine, the Humane Society, and Bills of
Mortality, Lon., 1774-95. He pub. An Account of the
late Dr. Goldsmith's last Illness so far as relates to the
Exhibition of James's Powders, 1774, 4to, 3 eds.
Hawes, M'illiam Post, b. 1821, in the city of New
York, was a popular contributor to the New York Mirror,
the American Monthly Magazine, The Spirit of the Times
and Turf Register, and other periodicals. A collection
of his writings was pub. in 1842, shortly after his death,
entitled Sporting Scenes and Sundry Sketches, being the
Miscellaneous Writings of J. Cypress, Jr. Edited, with a
memoir, by Henry William Herbert.
Hawke, Hon. Annabella Eliza Cassandra.
Babvlon, and other Poems, Lon., 1811, Svo.
liawke, Hon. Martin Bladder, brother to the
preceding. 1. The Ranger; a Colloc. of Periodical Essays
by M. ll.awkeand Sir R.Vincent, B.art, 1794, Svo ; 2d
ed., 1795. 2 vols. 12mo.
Hawke, Michael. 1. The Right of Dominion, and
Property of Liberty, whether National. Civil, or Religious,
Lon.. 1655: 2. Killing is Murder ; against a Pamphlet nf
W. Allen, entit. Killing no Murder, 1657, 4to. 3. Grounds
of the Laws of Engl.and, 1657, 4to.
Hawker, Capt. B. A. Journal of a Regimental
Officer during the late Campaign in Portugal and Spain,
1810. Svo.
Hawker, Essex. The Wedding; an Opera, Lon.,
1729, 8vo.
Hawker, Lieut. -Col. P., R.A. Instructions to
• We cannot say any thing of this entertaining collection more I Y'oung Sportsmen in all that relates to Guns and Shoot-
descriptive or appropriate tb.an that it forms an admirable intro-
duction to Catlin's book. It is impossible to over-estimate the
importance to this country of carefully instructing its youth in
the history and character of the natives of its colonies and settle-
ments.'"— Lon. Atlas.
Hawes, Benjamin, Jr., M.P. The Abolition of
Arrest and Imprisonment for Debt considered. Lon., 1836,
Svo. See McCulloch's Lit. of Pulit. Econ., 132.
Hawes, Edward. Trayterovs Pereyes and Cates-
byes Prosopopcia. Lon., 1606, 4to. This poetical tract of
12 leaves, written by a "youth of sixteen yeeres old," was
sold at Sotheby's in 1821 for £16 ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £40.
Hawes. Joel, D.D., of Connecticut. 1. Loots, to
' ■ ■ " '■ Hartford, 1848.
Young Men, on Character and Reading, H
Reviewed in Chris. Month. Spec, x. 474;
51
ing, 2d ed.. Lon., 1816, Svo; 9th ed., 1844, Svo. Amer.
ed^ from the 9th Lon. ed., to which is added The Hunting
and Shooting of N. America, edited by W. T. Porter,
editor of the N. York Spirit of the Times, Phil., 1846, Svo ;
10th Lon. ed., 1854, Svo.
" Colonel Hawker expounds the whole rationale of shooting with
clearness, fulness, and vivacity."— .EfJm. A're.
" Colonel Hawker is one of the best shots in England, and bis
Instructions to Sportsmen the very best book we have on the
subject." — Blackwood's Magazine ; seexxi. Ill; xxviii, 311.
" Proves the writer to lie the {/rent gun in all matters which
concern the sports of the field."— ton. Lit. Gazette.
Hawker, Robert, 1763-1827, a Calvinistic divino,.a
native of Exeter. Vicar of Charles-the-Martyr, Plymouth,
Spirit of the for fifty years, pub. many serms. and theolog. work.s. among
HAW
HAW
the best-known of which are The Commentary on the Old !
and N. Test., 1816. 'J mis., 40 Parts, Svo; new ed., 1S42, I
3 vol.'!. 4to ; The Toor Man's Comment, on the N. Test.,
1816, 4 vols. 12mo : The Poor Man's Comment, on the Old I
Test.. 1822, 6 vol3.'l2mo ; Concord, .ind Diet, to the Bible, j
newed., IMJfi. 12mo; Zion's Pilgrim, 15th ed., 1854, 18mo; j
Poor Man's Morning and Evening Portion, new ed., 1855, '
12mo. There are two vols, of selections from his Com- ,
mentarj on the Bible : — Spiritual Reflections on the Scve- J
ral Chapters of Holy Scripture, 1845, p. 8vo. A collective
ed. of his Works, with a Memoir of his Life and Writings,
by the Rev. John Williams, D.D., of Stroud, was pub. in
1831, in 10 vols. Svo, £4 i>^.-, r. 8vo, £5 15^. tnl. His
commentary is better suited fur the closet than the library.
Mr. Bickersteth describes it as
"CaJvinistic aud full of tbe S^aviour, but wanting in just cri-
ticism."— Christian Stitdent.
'■■It was siiid of the celebrated com men titers Cocceius and
Grotius, that the one found Christ everywhere, and the other
nowhere. Dr. Ilawker is of the former school, and Je.sus is the
name which he everywhere 'deli-rhteth to honour.' lie writes
with trreat mi'desty: the general design is good, and its tendency
excellL-ut."— Dr. Williams.
The plan is as follows : — 1. An introduction to every
book, aud a table of contents to each chapter. 2. Re-
ferences to other passages of Scripture, by way of illustra-
tion, with occasional elucidations and remarks. 3. Ketlec-
tions at the close of each chapter, by way of improvement.
Hawkos, W. R. Gaul, King of Ragahj a Tragic
Drama, 1813.
Hawkes, Wm. Serms., Liverp., 1S23, 2 vols. Svo.
** A man of deep reflection, and a very perspicuous and correct
writ*?r." — Dr. Saml. Parr.
Hawkesbury, Lord, Earl of Liverpool. 1. Speech
in H. of C, Lon., ISOO, Svo. 2. Speech in H. of Lords,
1805.
HawkesAVOrth, Miss. Relics of Antiquity: forty-
eight Plates, with descrip., 1811.
Hawkesworth, John, LL.D., 1715 or '19-1773, a
native of London, is best known as the editor of The
Adventurer, (pub. Nov. 7, 1752- March 9, 1754,) and the
author of 70 or 72 of its 140 numbers. He was also a
contributor to tbe Gentleman's Magazine; pub. some
Tales, — Edgar and Emmeline, aud Almoran and Ilamet, —
1761 ; edited Swift's Works and Letters, with his Life,
1765-66; pub. a trans, of Telemachus in 17fiS; wrote
Zimri, au excellent oratorio, and other plays; and in
1773 (3 vols. 4to) gave to the world an Account of the Voy-
ages of Byron, WalHs, Cartaret, and Cook. By this last
publication, for which he was engaged by the Govern-
ment, ho gained £6000, — not unalloyed by severe censure
for moral improprieties in his description of savage life,
for alleged nautical errors and scientific defects. Vol. i.
contains the voyages of Byron, Wallis, and Cartaret.
Captain Cook's first voyage occupies vol. ii. and iii.
They were trans, and pub. in (JJerman and French in the
following year. See Cook, Captain Jamks. He was au
imitator of Dr. Johnson, and in his youth was one of the
few pupils of which the doctor's school could boast. He
■was a zealous promoter of the interests of religion and
morality, and, we have reason to believe, deeply regretted
the faults for which bis work on the Voyages of Byron,
&c. was justly blamed.
As a writer he occupies the first rank among English
classical essayists. Dr. Johnson, in his Lives of the Eng-
lish Poets, referring to Hawkesworth's Life of Swift,
characterizes the author as one
'• Capable of dignifying his narrations with elegance of language
and force of sentiment." — Life of Sivift.
The two biographies are thus contrasted by a diligent
student of English literature :
"Read Hawkesworth's Life of Swift; of whose character and
conduct but an imperfect idea is given by the narrative of John-
eon. Hawkesworth is much more communicative and interest-
ing; and the minuteness and simplicity with which he details
the few but deplorable incidents of the last four years of Swift's
life are highly aifecting. The circumstance of his struggling to
express himsi'lf. alter a silence broken but once for more than a
year, and, finding all his efforts ineffectual, heaving a deep sigh,
quite cleaves the heart." — GrccTi's Diary of a Lover of Litxratiire,
Oct. 11, 17'.16.
One of the ablest and most elegant critics in the lan-
guage presents us with a most agreeable portrait of Dr.
Hawkesworth, from which we give a brief extract:
"His imagination was fertile and brilliant, bis diction pure,
elegant, and unaffected; .... his manners were polished and
affable, and his conversation has been described as uncommonly
fascinating, — as combining instruction and entertainment with a
flow of wtirds which, though unstudied, was yet concisely and
appropriately elnnuent."' — Literary Lif: of Dr. Hawhisiuorth : Dr.
Drake's Es^says, vol. v., g. v.
See also Sir John Hawkins's Life of Dr. Johnson; Bos-
well's Life of Dr. Johnson ; Disraeli's Calamities of
Authors : Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ;
Gent. Mag.: Pref. to The Adventurer; W. H. Prescott's
Miscellanies, ed. 1855, Bost., p. 52fl.
Hawkesworth, Richard, LL.D. Travels in South
America, 1799-1804; trans, from the French of Humboldt
and Bonpland, Lon., 1806. Svo. M. de Bonpland died
1857, at the ripe age of 84. A letter of his, written to a
member of the Geographical Society at Paris, was read at
its meeting. May 5, 1856.
Hawkins, A. 1. Hist, of the Turkish Empire, 1300-
1740, from the French of Mign.d, Lon., 178S, 4 vols. Svo.
2. The Works of Claudiau, in English verse, 1817, 2 vols.
Svo.
*' Claudian I recommend to your careful perusal, as properly
the first of the moderns, or. at least, the transitional link be-
tween the Classii' and the Outhic mode uf thnught.'' — Coleiudqe.
3. On some Exotics; Trans. Ilortic. Soc, 1815.
Hawkins, Ca'sar, Acct. of S. Lee, Lon., 1754, Svo.
Hawkins, Sir Christopher. Observ. on the Tin
Trade of the Ancients in Cornwall, 1811, r. Svo.
Hawkins, Edward, D.D.. Pruvostof Oriel College,
Preb. of Rochester and Ireland Professor. 1. Unauthorita-
tive Tradition, O.xf., ISUt, Svo. Reviewed in Lon. Quar.
Rev., xxi. 352. 2. Discourses on the Historical Scriptures
of the Old Test., 1833, Svo. 3. Serm., 1 Thess. v. 21,
1S3S, Svo. 4. Christian Truth; S Eampton Lects. for
1840, 1840, Svo. 5. Serm., 2 Tim. i. 6, 7, 2d ed., Lon.,
1842, Svo. 6. Serms. ou the Church, 1847, Svo. 7, In-
aug, Lect, 1S48, Svo. 8. Serms. on Scriptural Types,
1851, Svo. 9. Psalms, Lessons, and Prayers, for every
Morning and Evening in the Week, 2d ed., 1855, 12mo.
Hawkins, Edward, Keeper of the Coins in British
Museum. Silver Coins of England, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Hawkins, Ernest, Preb. of St. Paul's, and Sec. to
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 1. Hist.
Notices of the C. of Eng. Missions to N. Amer. Colonies
previous to the Independence of the U. States, Lon., 1S45.
This vol., which is of great historical interest, is composed
of the MS. Letters, Reports, *fec. of the missionaries in
N. York, N. England, &c. to the Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Gospel, now in their archives. 2. Annals of
the Colonial Church, 1847, fp. Svo. 3. Annals of the
Diocese of Quebec, 1S49, fp. Svo.
Hawkins, Francis. 1. Youths' Behaviour; from the
French, Lon., 1646, 12mo ; 1663, sm. Svo ; 9th impression,
1668, sm. Svo. See Lowndes's Bibb Man., 2000. 2. Con-
fession of E. Fitz-Harris, 16S1, 4to. 3. Discourse with
do., 1681.
Hawkins, George. Female Education, Lon., 1781,
12mo.
HaAvkins, Griffith. Arming Merchants' Vessels,
1812.
Hawkins, H. A Reform in Parliament the ruin of
Parliament, 1813, Svo.
Hawkins, Henry, and Hawkins, Lsptitia Ma-
tilda, son and daughter of Sir John Hawkins, (1719-
1789.) Sermonets, Lon., 1814, Svo.
HaAvkius, Henry. Warrants of Attorney, Lon.,
1S44, 12mo.
Hawkins, Isaac. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1714, Svo.
Hawkins, Sir John, M.P., 1520 P-1595, an eminent
naval commander, distinguished himself in the prepara-
tions made to confront the Spanish Armada, aud made
several voyages to Spain, Portugal, the Canaries, &c. A
true DcclaraLio of the Troublesome Voyage (the second)
of Mr. John Hawkins to tbe partes of Guynea and the
West Indies, 1567 and '&S, Lon., 1569, Svo. Also in the
first vols, of the Collections of Purehas and Churchill.
"If the result of English Embassies, having for their object
many things in common with those of the Portuguese, be a4 all a
topic which weighs with the Collector of Travels, let hira form an
ac'iuaintance with the text of Hawkins and Koe.'' — Dibdin's Lib.
Comp.
Hawkins, John. His Serm. on Prov. i. 4, entitled
A Sallade for tbe Simple, Lon., 1595, Svo.
Hawkins, John. See Hawkins, William.
Hawkins, John, M.D. Discursus de Melancholia
Hypochondriaca, Heid., 1633, 4to.
Hawkins, John. The Key of Commerce, Lon.,
16S9, 4to.
Hawkins, John. Two Serms., Lon., 1725, Svo.
Hawkins, Sir John, 1719-17S9, a descendant of the
eminent naval commander of tbe same name, was de-
signed for his father's trade, — house-building and survey-
ing,—but preferred the study of the law, and became an
attorney and solicitor. In 1749 he was admitted a member
of a club which originated with Mr. (afterwards Dr.) John-
HAW
SOD, composed of nine members, and meeting on Tuesday
evenings at the King's Head, in Ivy-lane, near St. Paul's.
In 1753 he was married to Miss Sidney Storer; and, having
thus come into the possession of a large fortune, he retired
from business, and devoted himself to literary pursuits
and magisterial duties. In 1760 he editeil Walton's Com-
plete Angler, with Notes, 1 vol. 8vo, and a Life; in 1761
he became Justice for the County of Middlesex ; in 176.S
he was elected one of the first members of The Literary
Club; in 1772 he was knighted; in 1773 and '78 he con-
tributed some notes to Johnson's and Steevens's edit, of
Shakspeare; in 1776 he pub., in 5 vols. 4to, his General
History of the Science and Practice of Music ; and in
1787 pub., in 11 vols. 8vo, an edit, of The Life and Works
of Dr. Johnson, lie was highly valued by his distin-
guished friend, drew up his will at his reciucst, and con-
sented to servo as one of his executors. Of Sir John's
principal work, to which he devoted the labour of sixteen
years, — the History of Music, — we have already had occa-
sion to speak at length in our life of Charles Burney,
Mus. Doc., to which the reader is referred. Some inte-
resting criticisms upon Sir John's History, impugning its
accuracy and iudgment, will be found in the London
Athenaeum, 1849, 284, 338; 1854, 436; and in Black-
wood's Mag., 1830, 475-476. We have already stated —
see p. 300— that in 1819 Dr. Busby pub. a General History
of Music, abridged from the works of Burney and Haw-
kins, in 2 vols. 8vo. Since we wrote Burney's life, a new
edit, of Sir John's work has appeared, with the author's
Posthumous Notes, Lon., 1854. This reprint is thus no-
ticed by an eminent authority :
" Sir John's book, if it is to be consulted as an authority in
competition with Burney's, demands skilled and searching editor-
ship, and such verification of every statement as few possess
either sufficient time or knowledge to administer. Ko process of
the kind, it is needless to s.^y. has been ath.'nipt-'d with regard to
the present edition; and this makes the tone of panegyric or
apology in the preface uuadvisable, as provoking comparison and
reply." — Lon. Athencrum, 1854,4.06.
As regards Sir John's Life and Works of Dr. Johnson,
the reader of Boswell — and who is not? — must receive
the censures of the latter on this publication cum r/rano
salig. A competent judge remarks in one of the first of
his many e.tcellent annotations upon Boswell's Life of
Johnson :
" I will here observe, once for all. that 5Ir. Boswell is habitually
unjust to Sir J, Il.iwkius. whose Life of Johnson (published in
1787) is by no means so inaccurate or uusatisfactoi-y as he repre-
sents it. He borrowed largely from it, and it contains a great
deal of Johnsonian liii- which Mr. Boswell had not the opportunity
of seeing.'' — John Wilson Croeeb.
In early life Sir John was a contributor to the Gentle-
man's Magazine, the Universal Spectator, and the West-
minster Journal. In some of the essays thus contributed,
the author favoured the public with specimens of his
poetical abilities. In addition to the works already no-
ticed, he pub. Observations on the Highways, in 1763, 8vo,
a Charge to a Grand Jury, in 1770, Svo, and another Charge
to a General Jury, in 1780, Svo, and a Dissertation on the
Armorial Ensigns of Middlesex and Westminster, in 1780,
4to. For further information respecting Sir John Haw-
kins, who was really a very respectable character both in
public and private life, wo refer the reader to an interest-
ing memoir in Chalmers's Biog. Diet,, drawn up from
materials fnrnishcd by the deceased knight. See also
Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting ; Disraeli's Quarrels of
Authors; Gent. Mag., June, 1814. 551-553; July, 1814, 12.
Hawkins, John. The Quina-Quina of Peru; Trans.
Linn. Soc, 1794.
Hawkins, John. Machine for cntting Paper and
the Edges of Books: Nie. Jour., 1806.
Hawkins, John. On Daniel, chap, ii., Lon. ,1815, Svo.
Hawkins, John Sidney, d. 1S42, aged 85, eldest
6on of Sir John Hawkins, and brother to Henry and
Laetitia Matilda Hawkins. 1. Ruggles's Latin Comedy of
Ignoramus, Lon., 1787, Svo ; best ed. 2. Big.aud's trans,
of Da Vinci's Treatise on Painting, with a Life of Da
Vinci by the editor, 1802, Svo. 3. Observ. on Gothic
Architecture, 1813, r. Svo. 4. An Inquiry into the Nature
and Principles of Thorough Bass, 1817, Svo. 5. An In-
quiry into the Nature and History of Greek and Latin
Poetry, 1817, Svo. 6, 7. Two tracts in vindication of
himself against the charges of John Thomas Smith, 1807,
Svo, and 1808, Svo. 8. Contrib. to Carter's Antient Sculp-
ture and Painting. 9. Con. to Schnebbelie's Antiquaries'
Museum, 1791. 10. Con. to Gent. Mag., 1809-25. See a
biographical notice of Mr. Hawkins in Gent. Mag., 1842,
Pt. 2, 662-664 ; sco also Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors ;
Gent. Mag., June, 1814, 551-553 ; July, 1S14, 12-13.
HAW
Hawkins, Miss Iia-titia Matilda, a daughter of
Sir John Hawkins, (1719-89.) 1. Sicgwart; a T.ale, from
the German, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. The Countess and
Gertrude; a Nov., Lon., 1311, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Rosanne,
1814, 3 vols. Svo. 4. Sermonets : see Hawkins, Henry.
5. Anecdotes, 1823, Svo. 6. Memoirs, Biographical Sketches,
Anecdotes, &c., 1824, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"An imuiense number of well-known personages are here
brought under review. It contains humour enough to fill a
dozen modern jest-books."
'• This highly-amusing writer has observed no order of march,
but has strung her pearls together as they came to hand, giving
here an account of her Cither's neighbours in Twickenham, then
of his musical friends, now of these who visited at his t.tble, and
then of those who were met at the houses of friends : in short, it "
exhibits a specimen of perfect gossiping." — Goodhugh's Lib. Man.
"The redeeming genius of that family — the genius which, like
the figure of the antieuts, bears wings on its ."dioulders and a
flame on its head — must be a female I" — Isaac Disraeli: Gent.
Mdij., July, 1814, 1^13. See references at conclusion of the last
article.
HaAvkins, Sir Richard, d. 1622, a son of Sir John
Hawkins, (1520?-1595,J like his father, distinguished him-
self in the preparations raado to confront the Spanish
Armada, and also made several voyages. 1. The Observa-
tions of Sir Richard Hawkins, Knight, in his Voyage to
the South Sea, a.d. 1593, Lon., 1622, fol. See likewise
Callander's Voyages, ii. 3, 1766. 2. Discourse of the
Natural Excellence of England, 1658, Svo. See Biog.
Brit.; Prince's Worthies of Devon ; Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon., ii. 367-373.
Hawkins, Robert. Life of G. Latcby, 1707, Svo.
Hawkins, Sir Thomas. 1. Trans, of Odes of
Horace, Lon., 1631, Svo. 2. Trans, from the French of
the Hist, of Scjanus, and of Philippa, Ac, 1639, 12mo.
Hawkins, Thomas. Origin of the English Drama
illustrated in its various species, viz. : Mystery, Morality,
Tragedy, and Comedy, by Specimens from our earliest
Writers. With ExpLan. Notes, Oxf., 1773, 3 vols. 12mo.
A catalogue of the contents of those vols, (also of Dods-
ley's Collection of Old Plays) will be found in Harris's
Cat. of the Royal Institution.
Hawkins, Thomas. Comment, upon the I., II.,
and III. Epistles of St. John, Haliftix and Lon., ISOS, Svo.
Hawkins, VV. Life of Bishop Ken, Lon., 171.3, Svo.
Hawkins, W. B. The Whole Duty of Man ; a new
ed., revised and corrected, Lon., 1842, fp. Svo. This ed.
contains an Introduction, endeavouring to throw some
light on the author, with notices of the various persons to
whom the authorship has been attributed. Amongst
others to whom this celebrated work has been ascribed
are Archbishops Sancroft and Frewen, Bishops Fell,
Chapel, and Atterbury, Lawrence Sterne, Abraham Wood-
head, Wm. Fulmau, Richard Allestree, and Lady Dorothy
Pakington. The first ed. was pub., Lon., 1659, 12mo.
In English there have been many eds., and it has been
trans, into Latin, French, &c, A voL entitled The Works
of the Author of the Whole Duty of Man was pub. in
16S2, 2 vols. 12mo; 1684, '87, '95, 1704, '26, fol. Respect-
ing the qiKFutio vceata of authorship, we must refer the
reader to Mr. Hawkins's Introduction, just noticed; Dr.
Lort's essay in Nichols's Lit. Anec, ii. 597-604 ; Dr.
Hickes's dedication of his Anglo-Saxon Grammar; Nash's
Hist, of Worcestershire, i. 352; Lowndes's Brit. Lib, 620,
691; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1942; Miller's Fly-Leaves,
1st Ser., 1854, 89 ; and the Lives of Allestree, Richard,
D.D. ; Fell, John, D.D., in this Dictionary. For a table
of the contents of the Works of the Author of the Whole
Duty of Man, see Darling's Cyc. Bibl., 3194. The ijues-
tion, perhaps, — like the authorship of the Icon Basilike
and of the Letters of Junius, — may still be considered
an open one :
"The author still remains undiscovered. Millions of his books
h-ive been dispersed in the Chiistiau world." — Curiosities of
Litfrattire.
Undoubtedly the merits — both theological and literary
— of The Whole Duty of Man are very great, although
as a divinity-treatise Mr. Bickersteth thinks it not unex-
ceptionable :
" The Whole Duty of Man w.as a practical book to counteract
the -intinoniians. and contains an impressive introduction on the
care of the soul ; the devotional part is full and useful, and it has
a good stateaient of relative duties, but it does not exhibit pro-
minently the only principles and strength on which man can
perform them."
■' Happy is the man that can form his style upon that of Arch-
bishop 'iillotson, and in plain, practical preaching upon the
rational, instructive, and familiar way of the Whole Duty of
Man." — Dean Stanhope.
"The writer deserves to be numbered with Cowley as one of the
earliest purifiers of English style from pedantry. After the lapse
of one hundred and seventy years they contain scarcely a word or
phrase which has become superannuated." — £din. Mev.
HAW
HAW
■ HaAVkins, William. I.Apollo Shroving; a Comedy,
Lon., 12rao. Acted Feb. 6, 1626. In the index to War-
ton's Hist, of Eng. P.jftt., 1S4I1, this is said to he by John
Hawkins ; but Lowndes correctly calls him William : see
his Bibl. Man., 886. 2. Corolla varia cantab., 1634, 12mo.
See Lowndes, xihi supra.
HaAvkius, William, Sergennt-at-Law. 1. Abridj^t.
of Coke's 1st Institute, Lon., 1711, 8vo. Anon. 8th ed..
by J. Rudall, 1822, ]2mo. 2. Pleas of the Crown, 1716,
2 vols, fel.; 8th ed., by John Curwood, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo.
S. Summary of the Crown Law, 1728, 2 vols. 8vo. This is
an abridgt. of No. 2. 4. The Statutes at Large from
Magna Charta to 7th Geo. II., 1734-aS. 6 vols. ; and 3 vols,
of Supp., all fol. See 1 Cooper's Pub. Rec, 13.3,- Bridg.
Leg. BihI., 324; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 171.
HaAvkins, William, d. ISOl, aged 79, Fellow of
Pembroke Coll., Oxford, Poetry Professor in the Univ. of
Oxford, 1751 ; subsequently Preb. of Wells. Rector of
Casterton, Rutlandshire, and Vicar of White-Church,
Dorset. 1. Serm., Oxon., 1752, 8vo. 2. Serm.. Lon., 1755,
4to. 3. Serm., 1756, 8vo. 4. Tracts in Divinity, Oxf.,
1758, 8vo. 5. Dramatic and other Poems, 1758, 8vo. 6.
Prielectiones Poeticje, 1758, 8vo. 7. The ^neid of Virgil
in Eng. Blank Verse, Lon., 176t, 8vo. 8. Serm., Oxon.,
176S, 8vo. 9. Two Serms., Lon., 1773, 8vo. 10. Dis-
course on Scripture Mysteries: 8 Serms. at Bampton
Lect, 17S7, Oxf., 1787, Svo.
*' His erudition and labour demand our commendation. The
annotations are useful to illustrate mauy passaires which, from
the nature of the comprisition, would not admit of particular ex-
tracts or more minute criticisms. They display much learninp,
and an intimate acquaintance with the subject.'' — Lo7i. Critical
Jteview.
11. His "Works. Lon., 3 vols. Svo.
HaAvkins, William. Poems, 17S7, Svo.
HaAvkiiis, William. Serm., Lon., 1S27, Svo.
Hawkridge, John. Fever?, Lon.. 1764, Svo.
HaAVks, Miss, now Mrs. B. Gardel. Conversa-
tions on Italy, in English and French, Phila.
HaAVks, Francis Lister, D.D., LL.D., one of the
most eminent of living pulpit orators, was born at New-
bern. North Carolina, June 10, 1798, He graduated at
the University of North Carolina in 1815, and commenced
the practice of the law in 1S19 ; was elected to the Legis-
lature of his native State in 1S21 ; ordained a minister of
the Episcopal Church in 1827 ; became assistant minister
of St. James's Church. Philadelphia, in 1829; Rector of
St. Stephen's Church, New York, in 1S30; Hector of St.
Thomas's Church. New York, 1832-43; elected, by the
General Convention of the Episcopal Church, Missiunary
Bishop of the South and Southwest in 1835, but de-
clined the office; removed to Mississippi iu 1S43, and
elected bishop of that diocese iu 1844. — but not conse-
crated, in consequence of some intervening difficulties;
Rector of Christ Church, New Orleans, 1844-49; Rector
of Calvary Church. New York, 1849. to the present date,
1858. Since his last removal to New York, Dr. Hawks
had declined (about 185.3) the bishopric of Rhode Island,
1. Reports of Cases adjudged in the Supreme Ct. of N.
Carolina, 1820-26, Raleigh, 1823-28, 4 vols. Svo. The
first 248 pages of vol. i. were reported by Thomas Ruffin.
2. Digest of all the Cases Decided and Reported in N.
Carolina, Svo. 3. Contrib. to the Ecclesiastical Hist, of
the U. States : I. Hist, of the Prot. Epis. Church in Vir-
ginia, N. York, 1836, Svo : II. Hist, of the Prot. Epis.
Church in Maryland, 1839, Svo; III. Commentary on
the Constitution and Canons of the Prot. Epis. Church iu
the U. States, 1841, Svo. 4. Egypt and its Monuments ;
or, Egypt a Witness for the Bible, 1849. Svo and 12mo.
The reader should add to this vol. Journal of a Voyage
up the Nile in 1848-49, by an American. 5. Auricular
Confession in the Prot. Epis. Church, 1850, 12mo. 6. Trans,
from the Spanish of Rivero and Tschudi's Antiq. of Peru,
1854. 7. The Romance of Biography, illustrated in the
Lives of Historic Personages; edited by F. L. Hawks. In
12mo vols. : I. Richard the Lion-Hearted, 1855 ; II. Oliver
Cromwell, 1855. 8. The Cyclopaedia of Biography, based
upon Griffin's Cyclopedia of Biography, edited by Mr.
Elihu Rich, and pub. by Griffin & Co., London and txlas-
gow, 1854. Amer. ed., edited by F. L. Hawks, N. York,
1856, r. Svo. 9. Narrative of Commodore Perry's Expedi-
tion to the China Seas and Japan in 1852-54; compiled
from Perry's original Notes and Journals, by F. L. Hawks,
1856, 4to and Svo. See N. Amer. Rev., April, 1856, 559-
562; July, 1856, 233-260. 10. A Physical Geography of the
United States, announced for 1359. Dr. Hawks has cditcrl
severals vols, of natural history and American aunala, pub.
mi
in Harper's Boys* and Girls'Library under the title of Uncle
Philip's Conversations : has contributed to the Protestant
Episcopalian of Philadelphia, 1830-31; to the New York
Review, (established by him in 1837, and pub. until 1843;)
to the Church Record, pub. 1840-42 ; to Arcturus, a Jour-
nal of Books and Opinions; and to Putnam's Monthly
Magazine. He also edited the Official and other Slate
Papers of the late Major-General Alexander Hamilton,
1842, Svo. In the early political annals of the country
Dr. Hawks is peculiarly at home, and perhaps some of his
best compositions will be found in the historical articles
contributeil to the New York Review. AVe should not
omit to add that this eloquent divine and lucid historian
possesses also some claims to the bays of the poet. Dr.
Hawks has been engaged for several years in the prepara-
tion of a work on the Monuments of Central and Western
America, which will doubtless prove a valuable contribu-
tion to a most interesting department of antiquarian
research. An occasional hour snatched from professional
duties is devoted to the laborious task of a History of
North Carolina, — a subject which has long engaged the
anxious interest of the author. Vol. i., 1584:-91, was pub.
1857, Svo.
HaAvkshead, James. On Wills, Lon., 1826, Svo-
See Hoffman's Leg. Stu., 274.
HaAA'kshaAV, John. Reminiscences of South Ame-
rica. Lon., 1S38, fp. 8vo.
HaAVksley, John. Serm., 1813, Svo.
HaAA'ksmoor, Nicholas, 1666-1736, an eminent
architect. An Hist, Account of London Bridge, Lon.,
1736, '38. 4lo. See Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting;
Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
HaAvkyns, George. Serms., Lon., 1731, '44, both4to.
HaAVlcs, John, 1645-1716, an English lawyer, a
native of Salisbury. 1. Grand Juryman's Oath and Office
Explained, Lon.,*1680, 4to. Anon. Pub. in 1770, 12mo,
under the title of The Englishman's Right, &c. 2. Trial
of E. Fitzharris, &c., 1689, fol. 3. Magistracy of England,
Ac. 1689, fol.
HaAVley, Gideon, d. 1807, aged 80, many years a
missionary to the Indians, stationed at Marshpee, Mass..
pub. some interesting biographical and topographical
matter in the Hist. Collec. of Mass.: see tii. 188-193;
iv. 50-67.
HaAA'orth, Adrian, of Cottenham, near Beverley,
Yorkshire. 1. Observ. on the Genus Mesembryanthe-
nium. Lon., 1794, Svo, 2 Pts. 2. Lepidoptera Britannica,
1803-28, Svo, 4 Pts. A work of great value, seldom found
complete. 3. Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum, 1812,
8vo ; 1819, cr. Svo. 4. Saxifragearum Euumeratio, 1821,
cr. Svo, 5. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc, 1799, 1801. 6. Con.
to Trans. Hortic. Soc, 1815.
HaAV'Oith, Samuel, M.D. 1. Anatomy of Man's
Soul and Body, Lon., 1680, Svo. 2. Curing Consumptions,
1682, 12mo ; 1683, Svo. 3. A Descrip. of the Dukes Bagnio
and Mineral Bath, and new Spaw, Lon., 1683, 12mo.
HaAA'orth, U'm. Hartford Quakers, 1676, 4to.
HaAA'tayue, Wm., Rector of Datchworth, Herts. 1.
Serm., 1714, Svo. 2. Serm., 1716, Svo.
UaAVtayne, Wm., Rector of EUstree, Herts. 1. XXI.
Serms., 1792, Svo.
'* The subjects are Of an interesting and important nature. The
style is. on the whole, easy and ai;r^eablc." — Lon. Month. Jiev.
2. XXXI. Serms- 1813, 2 vols. 12mo.
HaAVthoru, John, Light Dragoon in the InniskiUing
Regiment. Poems, Lon., 1779, 4to.
HaAA'thorne,]Vathaniel, a popular American writer,
was born at Salem, Massachusetts, about 1807, and gra-
duated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1825. His earliest
volume was an anonymous romance, pub. in Boston in
1832. This work he has never thought proper to claim,
though doubtless, if it could be identified by the public,
it would be read with great interest and no little curiosity.
In 1837 be pub. his Twice-Told Tales; and in 1842 he
gave to the world a second scries, and a new edit, of the
first. A number of these sketches had originally made
their appearance in The Token, — an annual edited by S.
G. Goodrich, — and in other periodicals. The title Twice-
Told Tales was therefore no misnomer. In 1845 he edited
The Journal of an African Cruiser, from the MS. of Mr.
Horatio Bridge, of the U. S. Navy. In 1846 he pub. a
third collection of magazine-papers, under the title of
Mosses from an Old Manse. In the Introduction to this
work will be found some interesting autobiographic.il
sketches, to which we must refer the reader for informa-
tion which our narrow limits exclude. In 1S43 he became
an occupant of the Old Manse m Concord, where he ru-
HAW
sided for three years, passing his hours in literary leisure,
and in the compusition of some of his most charming
sketches. In 1846 ho received the appointment of Sur-
veyor in the Custom-House at Salem, which post he re-
taioed for about a twelvemonth, when a change of admi-
nistration— that grand evil of American politics — vacated
a desk the duties of which had been as faithfully dis-
charged as if the
" Ingenious dreamer, in whose ■well-told tale
Sweet fiction and sweet truth alikt; prevail,"
had been the most practical and cvcry-day character ever
venerated by a merchant or worshipped by a politician.
In 1S50 he pub. Tbe Scarlet Letter, a romance of in-
tense interest, and exhibiting extraurdinary powers of
mental analysis and graphic descriplion. This was suc-
ceeded in 1S51 by The House of the Seven Gables, one of
the most popular of his productions, and in 1852 by The
BUthedale Romance, a novel founded upon his experience
as a member of The Bruuk Farm Community. Mr. Haw-
thorne has also pub. another selection frdui his contribu-
tions to magazines and annuals, entitled The Snow Image,
and other Twice-Tuld Tales, and several vols, for the
Young : — Grandfather's Chair, True Stories from History
and Biography, (1851,) The Wonder-Book, for Girls and
Boys, (1851,) and Taiiglewood Tales, for Girls and Boys,
(1S53.) A new ed. of Mosses from an Old Manse was issued
in 1854, 2 vols. 12mo, and a new ed. of Twice-Told Tales
in 1856, 2 vols. ICmo.
We should not omit to mention, among Mr. Hawthorne's
literary labours, his Life of His Excellency Franklin
Pierce, President of the United States, pub. in 1852, 16mo.
In 1853 Mr. Hawthorne was appointed by President Pierce
American Consul at Liverpool, which post he occupied
untill 1857.
We have many reviews before us of Mr. Hawthorne's
productions, but our limits oblige us to be brief in cita-
HAW
asDickens."— TTexrt T. Tcckerman; The Prose Poet; Nathanid
HavUvrne., in Mental Portraits, Lon., 1S53.
"The frivolous costume and brisk action of the story of fashion-
able life are easily depicted by tbe practised sketcher ; but a work
like The Scarlet Letter comes slowly upon the canvas, where
passions are commingled and overlaid with the deliberate and
masterly elaboration with which the grandest effects are produced
in pictorial composition and coloring. It is a dislinctjon ot such
works that, while they are acceptable to the many, they also sur-
prise and delight the few who appreciate the nicest arrangement
and the most high and careful linish. The Scarlet Letter will
challenge consideration, in the name of Art, in the best audience
which in any age receives Cervantes, Le Sage, or Scott." — Da.
RUFUS AV. Griswold: Intcmativnal Mag., May, 1S51.
"No one who has taken up the Scarlet Letter will willingly lay
it down till he has finished it; and he will do well not to pause,
for he cannot resume the story where he left it. He should give
himself up to the magic power of tbe style, without stopping to
open wide the eyes of his good sense and judgment and shake
ofT the spell ; or half the weird beauty will disappear like a ' dis-
solving view.' To-be-sure, when he closes the book, he will feel
very much like the giddy and bewildered patient who is just
awaking from his first esperimeut of the effects of sulphuric ether.
The soul has been floating or tlying between earth and heaven,
with dim ideas of pain and pleasure strangely mingled, and aU
I things earthly swimming dizzily and dreamily, yet most beauti-
ful, before the half-shut eve."— iV. Amer. Rev., Jidy, 1850, Ixxi.
I 135-148.
1 *' The Scarlet Letter glows with the fire of a suppressed, secret,
I feverish excitement: it is not the glow of natural life, but tbe
hectic of disease, which burns upon the cheeks of its actors. . . .
The whole sky and air are tropical; and, instead of the gentle
monotony of ordinary existence, its long, wearing, languid sor-
rows, its vulgar meanness and sleep, we have a perpetual straia
of excitement,— a fire that neither wanes nor lessens, but keeps at
its original scorching heat for years." — Modern Novdists, Great and
Small, in Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855.
" We are by no means satisfied that passions and tragedies like
these are thelegitimate subjects for fictions: we are satisfied that
novels such as Adam Blair, and plays such as The Stranger,
may he justly charged with attracting more persons than tbey
warn by their excitement. But if Sin and Sorrow in their most
fearful forms are to be presented in any work of art, they have
rarely been treated with a loftier severity, purity, and sympathy,
tions. The generous enthusiasm with which the advent of I than in Mr. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter. The touch of the fan-
the rising star was hailed by a brother poet (we use the Uastic befitting a period of socie^Mn which ignorant and excitable
*..^ o.ul..nt.^ will 1.P nprn/p.l ^f thi« ,lnv_tu.pnfv vpn.rs human creatures conceived each other and themselves to be under
term advisedly) will be perused at this day — twenty years
later — with no little interest:
"When a new star rises in the heavens, people gaze after it for
a season with the naked eye. and with such telescopes as they may
find. In the stream of thought which flows so peacefully deep
and clear through the pages of this book, we see the bright reflec-
tion of a spiritual star after which men will be fain to gaze ' with
the naked eye, and with the spy-glass of criticism.' This star is
hut newly risen; and ere long the observations of numerous star-
gazers, perched up on arm-chairs and editors' tables, will inform
the world of its magnitude and its place in the heaven of poetry. —
whether it be in *he paw of the Great Bear, or on the forehead of
Pegasus, or on the strings of the Lyre, or in the wing of the Eagle.
Our own observations are as follows; — To this iitlle work we would
say, ' Live ever, sweet, sweet book.' It comes from the hand of a
man of genius. Every thing about It has the freshness of morn-
ing and of May. These flowers and green leaves of poetry have
not the dust of the highway upon them. They have been gathered
fresh from the secret places of a peaceful and gentle heart. There
flow deep waters, silent, calm and cOol ; and the green leaves look
into them and 'God's blue heaveu.' The book, though in prose,
is nevertheless written by a poet. He looks upon all things in the
spirit of love, and with lively sympathies; for to him external
form is but the representation of internal being, all things having
a life, an end and aim." — Henbt W. Longfellow : Revieic of Twice-
Told Talcs, 1837, 12mo, pp. 434. in .^\ Amer. litv., July, 1S37, xlv.
59-73.
Miss Mitford, after a hasty review of the writings of
Irving, Cooper, Ware, and Dr. Bird, remarks:
"These excellent writers have been long before the public; hut
a new star has lately sprung into light in the Western horizon,
who in a totally different manner — and nothing is more remark-
able among all these American novelists than their utter difference
from each other — will hardly fail to cast a bright illumination
over both hemispheres. It is hardly two years since Mr. Haw-
thorne, until then known only by one or two of those little vo-
lumes which the sagacious hold as promises of future excellence,
put futh that singular book. The Scarlet Letter, apropos to which,
Dr. Holmes, who so well knows the value of words, uses this sig-
nificant expression :
" - 1 snatch the hook, along whose burning leaves
His scarlet web our wild romancer weaves.'
"And it is the very word. We do snatch the book ; and, until
we have got to the end. Tery few of us, I apprehend, have suffi-
cient strength of will to lay it down. . . . Scarcely a twelvemonth
has passed, and another New England story — The House with the
Seven Gables — has come to redeem the pledge of excellence given
hy the first" — Itecollections of a Literary Life: Avierican Prose
Wi-iters, Lon., 1852.
Notices of The Scarlet Letter :
"With all the care in point of style and authenticity which
mark his lighter sketches, this genuine and unique romance may
he considered as an artistic exposition of Puritanism as modified
by New England coloni.al life. In truth to costume, local man-
ners, and scenic features, the Scarlet Letter is as reliable as the
best of Scott's novels; in the anatomy of human passion and con-
sciousness it resembles the most effective of Balzac's illustrations
of Parisian or provincial life; while in developing bravely and
justly the seutiment of the life it depicts, it is as true to humanity
the direct ' rule and governance' of the Wicked One is most skil-
fully administered. The supernatund here never becomes grossly
palpable : the thrill i^ all the deeper for its action being iudetinita
and its source vague and distant." — Lon. Athenteuvi, June 15, 1850,
p. 634.
Notices of the House of the Seven G.\bles:
"The scenery, tone, and personages of the story are imbued
with a local authenticity which is not for an instant impaired by
the imaginative charm "of rom.ance. We seem to breathe, as wo
read, the air, and be surrounded by the familiar objects, of a New
England town. . . . We may add that the same pure, even, unex-
aggerated, and perspicuous style of diction that we have recognised
in his previous writing is maintained in this." — Henry T. Tucker-
man : I7if Pi'ose Poet : JS'athamel Hawthorne, in Menial Portraits,
Lon., 1853.
" It is not less original, not less striking, not less powerful, than
the Scarlet Letter. We doubt, indeed, whether he has elsewhere
surpassed either of the thr^-e stronglv-contrasted characters of the
book. . . . The House of the Seven Gables is the purest piece of
imagination in our prose literature."'— Rufus W. Griswold : Inter-
national Mag., May, 1851.
"The successive scenes of this bold and startling fiction are
portrayed with a vividness and power unsurpassed, and rarely
equalled. The terrible Nemesis that waits on the extortion of the
ancestor, and pursues the wages of his iniquity till the injured
family receives its own again, reminds one of the inexorable fate
of the Greek tragedy; and, in describing the successive footfalls
of the angel of retribution in that ill-starred mansion, the author
rises into a fearful sublimity worthy of the theme. In other por-
tions the narrative is sprightly, quaint and droll, the dialogues
seldom otherwise than natural and well managed, (though the
daguerreotypist talks more than anybody but Phoebe could care
to hear.) and the deyiouanait free, for the most part, from abrupt-
ness and improbability- To many readers the book has an addi-
tional charm from its truth in numberless minutiie to life, speech,
manners, and appearances, as they were in and about Salem thirty
years ago. We should have recognised the locality under any dis-
guise whatever of names or pretexts." — N. Amer. Rev.. Jan. 1853,
Ixxvi. 2'27-!237. liead also the review of The Blithedale Romance,
in same article, pp- 237-248.
"It would be ditficuU to deny the gift of 'poetic insight' to this
mixture of admirable detail with something at once higher and
deeper. Balzac, the great novelist of modern France, known only
to those among us who thoroughly possess his language, (for he is
untranslated and untranslatable.) has in certain romances of pro-
vincial life the same perfection of Dutch painting and of homely
tragedy. But Mr. Hawthorne is free from Balzac's scoff." — Mia
Mit ford's Recolkctions of a Literary Life: American ProseWriters,
Lon.. 1852.
"The House of Seven Gables is not less remarkable nor less un-
wholesome than its predecessor. The affectation of extreme home-
liness and commonplace in the external circumstances, and the
mystery and secret of the family with which these circumstances
are interwoven, is very effective in its way ; and if it were not that
its horrors and its wonders are protracted into tedions long-
windedness, we would be disposed to admire the power with which
these figures were posed and these situations made. . . . For it is
no particular gratification for us to know how Mr. Hawthorne
studies his subjects, — bow he sets them in different lights, like a
60d
HAW
In this article will be found an extended notice of xMr.
Hawthorne's characteristics as a writer of fiction, and par-
ticular notices of his principal works. The characteristics
referred to are thus happily delineated by four of Mr! Cv!
1 reTn \V"^l''y'?>"': ^^^ of whom has earned a right to
rary crUiSmr""^ '° "'^ ''''""'''°° °' "^ 1"^'"°° "' '"<>-
eve'rv'autYor an'/n^?- f 'f '*• """ ^^ ""■'-« °' ^^ individuality
every autlior and artist oft'eiiius creates a peouliar mood differini
somewhat according to the character of the roc St ie Tssen
tallythesame If wewereohliKed todcsi.-natrttatof lawtho™
H Al ^''^ T",''*' "" '"'""''I '■•^" '<■ ■uetaphysical, or perhaps soulful
He always takes us below the surface and beyond the material ■'
S eX'tr^irn';"' "r'^r'i' "■"'■""■"y-'USSestive; he make "ii
ITif „ft \°' "^.""'""uplstiun, and turn our eyes inward
His utterance, too ,s singularly dear and simple; his style onlv
rises above the colIo.|Uial in the sustained order of its flow- the
terms are apt, natural, and fitly chosen. Indeed .a Lreless reader
s liable continually to h ,se sight of his meaning and beautv from
the entire absence of pretension in his sivl, "-Uivry T TnnV??
UA^: Mental nrlraits : A,M,n„,, Itau-lLn,. Lon MSS
m.V i ■ '^'* " Studded with the most poetical ima3 add
" AnTh"-"^ Z;™' ''""•" »/ vl»i«-,™,^th ed?S .:iS62
the tal''T■.4^Sl^,S°?b°^.t "Z^^^^t "^ ^^^V
s-?2: ^e-s^-r S% -Si??-
f»lKfS\,f A -f^~ ^ felicity of touch which often surpasses the
presents traits so fine as to be almost too eicelTent for nonuHHt?
* And no speed of ours avails
_, ^ ,„ ^"^ hunt upon their shinin" trails ' "
of htsst,ta1?'if*,™*''°''"'" "'•"«'■ '^ «"= e^^e™ ngbeantv
fantastic, vast and wondrous in the outward form ,nX t-.i?
altu fo"ch'/os*':,'^^±f*^..™?i° ■'!'?,"->• "eeOifi-d. hewhl
HAY
Vt ^ --InKncan ifericic, xlv. 63-64
Ihoso who possess a set of the Democratic Review will
find many of Hawthorne's T.ales and Sketches scaTtered
through Its vols. See ii. 129, .360 ■ iii 18 321 . v Ti , -
XV. 66, 454, 646; xTi. 337; xviii. 31, 97, 360 457
An interesting biographical sketch of Hawthorne bv
01 the Old Manse in Concord, made so famous by Haw
thornc s inhabitation, will be found in The Homes of AmT
rican Aut^hors. Mr. James T. Fields, of BoZn. imhi"ed
Mr H.awthorne to give to the world The .'Scarlet Letter
See aLso, respecting Hawthorne's characteristics as an
author, Edgar A. Poe's Literati; Tuckerman's Sketch o?
Englander.l 56; by i p. pJb'odJ, ctl |- r^^'^1"^^
and see articles in Democratic Review, Kvi. 376 ; Brownson's
45T.'"-Chmch 1! '•■■ "■ '■''' "■ '" ■• Knickerbocker! x"™ii
455^ Chinch Review, in. 4S'J; Living Age. xxv. 203
Haw rey, Charles. Serms., Oxf.,°l797, 8vo
Hawtrcy, lYIoiitagu, Sponsors, Lon., 1841), sm 8vo
Coff KeJVr^"' f?\- °^""° ^""'v-^^siria in iteatro'
toll Keg. Med. Lond. habita. Lon.. 1722 4to
Haxby John, M.D. Con. to Annai; of ked., 1799.
Ed"n!\69^'S"'"- ''^^""'""- ^■'^"-ceuticum:
Hav' vtVir"^'"'^ ^'■'*- "^ Chichester, 1805, 8vo.
Br"r:,:c^!'r,';;^;,.^,'';8-:P-f^^— Hypocaustnear
.J^^\: David Ramsay, b. 1798. in Edinbur-h Deco
rative Pinter to the Queen. Edinburgh, an eminent au-"
thonty upon he departments of art which have employed
his pen pencil and brush. For an interesting sketch of Mr
Hay s life see Knight's Eng.Cyc, Div. Biog., vol. iii 1 Har
mony of Form, Edin., 1842, r. 4to. 2. Proportion ■ or the
Se^metric Principle of Beauty Analysed, 1843, r 4to 3
0 namen al Design as applied to Decorative At, 1845, oh
fol 4. Laws of Harmonious Colouring, 6th ed., 1847 fmo
, .".m'-m^ V'^ »f Colours. Hues, Tints, and Shades 3d
ed., 1840. -46, '55, 8vo. 6. The Principles of BeautyTn Co
louring systematized, 1846, '0^3, p. 8vo: 7. First Pdncinles
of Symmetrical Beauty, 1846, p. 8vo. 8. Sc ence of Pr!
por ions of the Human Head and Countenance isfg 4to"
L To%'"J:TI''-'''-'Y ^"■"•■"' J^'S"" Defined, 85i;
of the Partlienin, 1853, r 8vo i J The h"^"^'"'" ?"""^
Nature Applied to Ar;hite:tnral'DStn'^T5r"l^3'' Th
^i^e^:rpri^4^!r'sL-it^
miuen o, t84 J, and Prof. John tJoodsir, AprU 17 1849
Co^n^J'.fW "■?■"*!•■ V,"'^'- °' ''"' Wreelion 'o/ihe
(.ounty of Wexford m 1798, Dubl., 1803, 8vo. Of consi
derable value. 2. Speech of John Keagh, 1807, 8vo 3
^:i^Z^i!^^f '-'■' ^'''"' ^«i^' - "^^ ^' cl^^oi^
crS^:;ef^'^aS: e];^ S^r ° °^ '"" ^'"'"'^ «^
tbl'S" ','"' '""'; °^ "" "t'e-page is an Epistle by the Printer tn
la, ol H °:'lT'°'''"T^ f" ^'' '^"°' of G--^" charLters which he
tTr^k t™esw!„':??^''^'?-'r,?S"P'' ^o '■"^"''^^ it before the
l,r^k tjpes , ., ,n„ nduced at Edinburgh."- JFaii's Bibl. Brit
Hay, Jmlse (.rorge, of Virginia, d. 1830, wrote a
I.aws, the Life of John Thompson, and a number of poli-
tical essays, signed Hortensius. '^
str"^f''i'o*^''i'"^Fo*'' ^-^^ ^- The Devout Christian In-
^ v" -mo"'" 3-Tb- P-^''* ?;"'"•= ^^"^"- In^'^eted.
" Hav 7oh„ r," ^'""^ Christian Instructed, 12mo.
May, John. Iheolog, treatises, 1580-1605
Hnv' l" H ?'"=Tl' t» ^^'- Iv Edin., 1617, 4to.
Conege';'Lon.,"839!':up!-r s™"' ^""""^ ^° ^'^S^
Mfr'^'w"'",''" H. Drummond. Morocco and tie
ven."«I"M°.°BlS°ow's reliTforTh''''r° ^""l" °' '""'^ ™'' «"-
PofmWn'ls^.^mo''''^'^""'^""'"^"'^'-''-'"'"'-
Hay, Sir ieith, Mjyor, R.A. Narrative of the
erTsj^S™"' """• ""' ^°°-' ''''' ' vols. 12mo! 1th
Hnv' P'^V^'-- Theolog. and Polit. Treatisf^/ 616-27.
., V'^l"^'"'^- '• ^"H'"^ °f 'lie Royal Fan ilyof the
Hay, Richard Augustin, Prior of St. Pieremont
1 V r tr^^""'" "/""^ ""•V''-' of Tweeddale, Ac. ITted
pfintf"""'"'' '""'•' '*"'' ^"- ■''" -J i'- 120 col^es
AnuV:. ,"•""''»"?• 1- Astrum Inextinctum, 1636. 2
Aula licclesiastica, &c., Francf., 1648 4to
Hav' Wm"'?-'n?.-^,-»-f i;?^?;- ^°°- 1793-99- all 4to.
1 n m',. ' I'OOP-naS, M.P. for Seaford, 173.1-55
„C-i Government 1728. 2. Mount Caburn a ptm
'o" Svt ^rV "'' '"r?';"- *• ^^'^'S'" I-hilosophi, 17M
00, bvo. 5. Essay on Deformity, 1754, 8vo
on.;'oTeTha'itSrf:5°i''p^,^:i'3'™" °' Commons, I am the
in';En:;;fsh;s?54^z"i^.?.irTi"=''^^°''"»
Martial IT'S =, 8 w i' , l' 1™°^- "'^ Epigrams of
Life 1794 ? ; u 2 *?; P"''- ''y ■''^ daughter, with his
•able' merit: ^''^ ""' "° ''""'°'- "'' ™"^'ider-
or"ffl M"c,mr- ■^- ^" ."^ ?o"''°"- Carrie Emerson;
or Liie at Cliltonville, Bost., 1855, 12mo. Mrs. H has
i^MrcZm^Sd^-' ^"^"""^ ^'"'^'^ ^'^^^ ^- "-
Hayden, Horace, M.D., an American author. Geo-
iio-ivn-tt ' ''"• ^'' Bl^l'wood's Mag., xvi.
IIAT
Hayden, John, Archdeacon of Surrey. Memoir of
KeT. Alex. Ross, and a Selection of his Serms., Lon., 1853,
8vo.
Haydn, Joseph, d. 1856, at London. 1. Dictionary
of Dates and Universal Reference, relating to all Ages and
Nations; 6th ed., Don., 1853, 8vo.
"Of extraordinary value for well-arranged information upon al-
most every subject of inquiry. It is, indeed, a publication which
cannot be' too highly praised." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
2. Handbook of Dignities, Ijoing anew ed., improved and
continued, of Boatson's Political Index, 1851, 8vo. See
Beatson, Robt.
Haydocke, Richard, of New College, O.^ford, and
Student in Physic. Trans, from the Italian of 5 books of
Lomazzo's Artes of Curious Paintinge, Caruingeand Build-
iuge, Oxon., 1598, fol. Respecting this book and the trans-
lator, see Gr.inger's Biog. Hist, of England. This work
is one of the first in the English language on Art.
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 1786-1846, an emi-
nent artist, a native of Plymouth, England, committed
suicide in London, June 22. 1. Lects. on Fresco, Lon.,
1842, Svo. 2. Lects. on Painting and Design, 2 vols. 8vo. :
L 1844; IL 1S46 :
Contents : — 1. Origin of the Art; 2. Anatomy the Basis
of Drawing; 3. The Skeleton; 4. The Muscles of Man and
Quadruped; 5. Standard Figure; 6. Composition ; 7. Co-
lour; 8. Ancients and Moderns; 9. Invention; 10. Fuseli;
11. Wilkie; 12. Effect of the Societies on Taste; 13. A
Competent Tribunal; 14. On Fresco; 15. Elgin Marbles;
16. Beauty.
"There are few sections of Mr. Ilaydou's work from which we
might not extract some sound and effective passage. From some
we might select subjects of friendly controversy ; but, having fiillen
on nothing which appears to us deadly heresy or dangerous error,
we prefer to commend his volume to all who take an interest in
its subject, with the asburauce that it will rejiay their study of it."
— Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxv. Ul-92 ; notice of vol. i.
In 1838 there was reprinted from the seventh ed. of the
Encyc. Brit,, in a p. Svo. vol., Painting and the Fine Arts,
by B. R. Haydon and Willi.am Hazlitt. These essays are
thus commended by the eminent authority just cited:
♦' We have mentioned the gratification we have experienced from
the perusal of Mr. Hazlitt's Kssay : we must add similar testimony
in favour of his fellow-lat'ourer, Mr. H.aydon. liis Treatise seems
to us the result of study and observation extensive and profound."
— Lon. Quar. Bev.
For particulars of Haydon's life and notices of his
paintings, see his Autobiography, edited by Tom Taylor,
1853, 3 vols. p. Svo. ; a biogiaphical sketch by Ralph N.
Wornum, in Rich's Cyc. of Biography, 1S54; obituary
notice in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1846; another in the London
Spectator, (copied into the Boston Living Age, x. 277-280;)
Southey's Life and Correspondence; Madden's Memoirs
of the Countess of Blessington; articles in Fraser's Mag.,
ix. 792; xxxvi. 63; Blackwood's Mag., viii. 219, 526; x.
680; xi. 332; xiv. 11 ; xv. 566; xvi. 5U5; xl. 553, 664, 671;
xli. 192, 344; xlvi. 305; xlix. 583.
"Genius immortal, industry untired.
The power and the cajjacity of thought
Sul'lime, to mighty aspirations wrought.
Are thine, by thirst of great achievement tired.
I need not tell thee, Haydon; thou hast felt,
The fears, the ecstasies of daring art.
The heavings and the sinkings of the heart,
At obstacles that oft like vapours melt.
And oft like rocks oppose us. It is thine,
After a warfare silent, but most deep.
To triumph and o'ercome ; thy name shall shine
In fame's uud>ing record, — like a river
That, having toil'd o'er rocks, is left to sleep
*Mid everlasting bills, and gleam forever."
D. M. More; BlackiuooiVs Mag., viii. 526.
Haydon, John* 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1770, Svo. 2.
Serm., 1772, Svo.
Haye, Drummoud George. Verses Social and
Domestic, Edin., 1802, 12mo.
Hayes. Banker's Exchange, 1671, '76, fol.
Hayes, Charles, 1678-1760, pub. the following
learned works, all of wiiich, save the first, aj'pearcd with-
out his name: — 1. Of Fluxions and Conic Sections, Lon.,
1704, fol. 2. Longitude, 1710, 4to. 3. The Moon ; a Phi-
losophic Dialogue, tending to show that the Moon is not an
opaque body, but has light of her own, 1723. 4. Vindic.
of the Septuagint from the Misrepresentations of Scaliger,
Du Pin, Hody, Prideaux, aud others, 1736, Svo. 5. Crit.
Exam, of Sts. Matthew aud Luke, 1738, Svo. 6. Chronol.
of the Septuagint, 1741, Svo; Supp., 1757.
*' These learned and ingenious performances were all published
anonymously, and some of them bare been, by mistake, ascribed
to Sir Hichard KUis. They discover a very profound acquaintance
with chronology, and a great veneration for the Scriptures." —
Orm^s Bill. Bib.
7. Chronographise Asiaticae et Egyptiaca; Specimen, 1759,
HAY
Nichols's Lit. Anec. ;
Svo. See Gent. Mag., vol. xxxi ;
Hutton's Diet.
Hayes, D. 1. An Epistle to Churchill, Lon., 1761,
4to. 2. The Authors; a Poem, 1766, 4to,
Hayes, E. 1. Irish Excheq. Reports, Dubl., 1837,
Svo. 2. Crim. St:it. Law of Ireland, 2d ed., 1842, 2 vols.
Svo. 3. In conjunction with T. Jones, Irish Excheq. Re-
ports, 1840, Svo.
Hayes, E. The Ballads of Ireland, Lon,, 1855, 2
vols. 12mo.
Hayes, John. Arithmetic, 3d ed., 1S13, 12mo.
Hayes, Richard. 1. Young Merchant's Assist., Lon.,
1718, Svo. 2. Negotiator's Magazine, 1719, '24, Svo. 3.
Annuities upon Lives, 1727, '28, '41), 4to.
Hayes, Samuel, pub. several poems, 1775-89, two
separate serms., 1789, '92, and XVI. Serms., 1797, Svo.
" Rational and sensible ; enforcing, with a proper spirit and in a
pleasing manner, important and useful truths." — Lnn. ilunihly
Hayes, Samuel. Management of Woods and Cop-
pices, Dubl., 1795, Svo.
Hayes, Thomas. 1. Coughs and Colds; Sded., Lon.,
17S6, Svo. 2. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767; 3. to
Mem. Jled., 1789.
Hayes, Wm., 170S-1777, a composer of music. 1.
Collec. of English Ballads, Shrewsbury. 2. Musical Ex-
pression. 3. Music Meetings rel. to Church Langton, Lon.,
1768, Svo.
Hayes, Wm. 1. Limitations to Heirs of the Body in
Devises, Lon., 1824, Svo. 2. Lett, to R. Peel, 1825, Svo.
3. Real Estate to Ancestor, kc, 1829, Svo. 4. Concise
Conveyancer, 1830, 12mo. 5. Law of Real Property, 1S31,
Svo. 6. Introdue. to Conveyancing, 5th ed., 1840, 2 vols.
Svo. See 1 Jurist, 186 ; ii. 129 ; iv. 836 ; 7 Leg. Obs. 404.
7. Conveyance of Estates, 1S40, Svo. 8. In conjunction
with T. Jarman, Forms of Wills, 4th ed., 1849, 12mo.
Hayes, William. 1. Nat. Hist, of British Birds,
Lou., 1775, imp. fol. 2. Portraits, Ac. of Birds, 1794, 4to.
Haygarth, Henry William. Bush Life in Aus-
tralia, Lon., 1S48, 12mo.
"It has neither the shape of a treatise nor that of a journal ;
but is something between them, — combining the compact informa-
tion of the first with the readable interest of the second." — TjOn.
Atlieticrtim.
Haygarth, John, M.D., d. 1813, practised at Chester,
subsec{uently at B;ith. He wrote two works on the Small
Pox, Lon., 1785, Svo, and 1793, 2 vols. Svo; one on Infec-
tious Diseases, Bath, ISOl, Svo; and other profess, treatises,
1805-13.
Haygarth, William, son of the preceding. Greece ;
a Poem, Lon., 1S14, Svo.
Hayley, Thomas, D.D., Canon-Resident, of Chi-
chester, and Chaplain-in-ordinary. Serms., Lon., 1711-21.
Hayley, William, D.D., Dean of Chichester, Rector
of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, and Chaplain-in-ordinary.
Serms., 1687-1702.
Hayley, William, 1745-1820, grandson of the pre-
ceding, and a native of Chichester, was educated at Eton,
and at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, and, on leaving the univer-
sity, retired to his patrimonial estate of Eartham, at Sussex,
and devoted his hours to literary pursuits. In 1792 he
became acquainted with the poet Cowper, and as the bio-
grapher of his friend has already claimed our notice in
the life of the latter. As the friend of Gibbon, also, his
name occurs on p. 662 of this Dictionary. About tho year
1800, Mr. Haylcy's spirits were greatly depressed by the
loss of his natural son, Thomas Alphonso Hayley, a sculptor
of much promise; and he removed to Felpham, where he
resided until his death in 1820. Hcpub. (1778-1811) many
occasional works, both in prose and poetry. Epistles, Essays,
Elegies, Dialogues, plays, biographies, translations from
Blilton's Latin and Italian Poems, <fec. — almost all of which
are now forgotten. A collective ed. of his Poems and Plays
was pub. in 1785, 6 vols. sm. Svo; 1788, 6 vols. cr. Svo.
The following are his principal productions. 1. Poetical
Epistle to an eminent Painter, (George Romney,) 177S, 4to.
2. Essay on History, in 3 Epistles to Edward Gibbon, 1780,
4to. 3. The Triumphs of Temper; a Poem, in six cantos,
1781, 4to. 4. Essay on Epic Poetry ; in 5 Epistles, 1782,
4to. 5. Essay on Old Maids, 1785, 3 vols. 12mo. 6. Dia-
logues. Anon. 7. Life and Poetical Works of John Milton,
1794-99, 3 vols. fol. 8. Life of Milton, 1796, 4to. Origin-
ally prefixed to Boydell's ed. of Milton, 1794-97, 3 vols,
fol. 9. Ess.ay on Sculpture; Epistles to Flaxman, 1800,
Svo. 10. Life, Works, and Letters of Cowper, 18U3-04, 3
vols. 4to. Reviewed by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., ii-
64-86 ; iv. 273-284. 2d ed., 4 vols. Svo. Supp. Pages,
1S06, 4to. New ed. 1S12, 4 vols. Svo. See Cowper, Wil-
807
HAY
UAH, in this Dictionary ; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ej. 1S25, pp.
5it5-547 ; and Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Grit. Hist, of
the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 11. The Triumph of Music ;
a Poem. 1804, -Ito. Reviewed in Kdin. Rev., vi. 56-63. 12.
Ballads founded upon Original and Curious Anecdotes re-
lating to the Instinct and Sagacity of Animals, 1805, 8vo.
".Mtdiocrity, as all the world knows, is forbidden to poets and
to punsters; but the punster has a privilege peculiar to himself, —
the exceeding badut'ss of his puns is imputed as a merit. This
privik-ge may laiily be extendt-d to Mr. Ilavlev : his present volume
is so iucompaiably absurd as that no merit within bis reach could
have amused us half so much."— Ito bERT Southet : Aikiyi's Annual
Eetrieio, iv. 675-676.
13. Latin and Italian Poems of Milton, trans, into En^-
lish verse; with a Fragment of a Comment, on Paradise
Lost, by Cowper, 1808, 4to; 1810, 4 vols. Svo. 14. Life of
George Rumney, Esq., 1809, 4to.
" Much of what he relates of Itomney has been contradicted or
questioned by his son; he takes higher ground, too, than the
painter's genius can warrant." — Allan Ccnnincham : Bion. and
Grit. Hht. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Ymrs.
15. Three Plays, 1811, 8vo. 16. Memoirs of the Life
and "Writings of William Uayley, written by himself, kc.
Edited by John Johnson, LL.D., 1823, 2 vols. 4to.
" Mr. Ilayley received a very considerable annuity, during the
last twelve years of his life, as the price of his own Memoirs, which
he was to leave in a fit state for publication. . . . Hayley is. per-
haps, the only person who ever dealt with his posthumous repu-
tation as a post-obit, and converted it into a present income."' —
ItoBERT Southet: Lun. Quar. Rev., sxxi. SOa-Sll. Kead this re-
view, which displeased Gilford greatly ; for Southey tells us :
*'My paper upon Ilayley was so offensive to Mr. (jifTord, that
afteritwas printed he withheld it for two successive numbers, and
if he had not then ceased to be editor and had persisted in with-
holding it. I might have probably withdrawn from the Review.
There neither was nor could be any reason for this, but that ho
could nut ban- to see Ilayley spoken of with decent respect."
Vide Southey's Letter, in Sir S. E. Brydges's Autobio-
graphy ; see also Southey's Life and Correspondence for
other notices of Hayley.
Respecting Hayley's Memoirs, see also Lon. Month.
Rev., ciii. 267; cv. 1; Blackwood's Mag., xiv. 184, 303;
and see remarks on Southey's review of the Memoirs,
Blackwood's Mag., svii. 477.
It may be difficult fur some of us to believe that Hayley
was, " in his time," to quote Southey's words, " by popular
election, king of the English poets/"' but, as Mr. Moir truly
observes,
" The popularity of Hayley in an age so artificial and so prag-
matical as that wherein he flourished— an age of minuets, and
hoops, and pomatum, and powdered queues, and purple velvet
doublets, and tiesh-coloured silk stockings— is not much tu be
wondered at, when we consider the subjects on which be wrote,
and the real graces of his style. Such poetry was relished, because
it was called forth by the exigencies and adapted to the taste of the
particular time at which it was written. It was a reflection of exist-
mg modes and habits of thought; and it must be allowed that his
mastery over versification was of no common order. True it is
that his mawkish or overstrained sentiment might at times ex-
pose him to ridicule; but the piaise he received from Cowper is a
strong proof of the influence which his writings at that time exer-
cised over society. That power and that popularity have now
utterly passed away, for he was deficient in truth and" nature; his
house was built on the sand; and, except the case of Churchill,
it would be difficult to point out another whose reputation had
assumed so much the aspect of a fixed star, and yet only proved
' the comet of a season.* " — Sketches of the Vm-t. Lit. of the Fast
HaJfCaitury.
Doubtless much of his reputation was owing to his ge-
neral popularity in polite society, — a popularity not unde-
served; for, as Southey emphatically declares,
" Kvery thing about that man is good except his poetry." —
Letter to Sitmucl Taylor Coleri(i(/e, Augta^t -i, lSiJ2: Southey's Life
and Corresp.
" He lived in days," says Allan Cunningham, " when polish held
the place of vigour, and harmony that of feeling, and poetry was
judged of as a song is now, — by the sweetness of its music. In all
the externals of verse he was a master ; as he moved in good so-
ciety, his opinions spread and prevailed; and. though he penned
cold quartos both in prose and verse, no one imagined that the
weariness they felt in perusal could come fmm the accomplished
author of The Triumphs of Temper."— 5/o^. and Crit. Hist, of
Vie Lit. of the Last Fifty Ymrs.
But we should not forget, whilst making large deduc-
tions from the extravagant adulation of our fathers, to
concede to this amiable, if not brilliant, writer, all the
merit which he can justly claim. Perhaps this happy me-
dium has been accurately stated by a critic of large com-
prehension and great refinement of taste :
" Hayley's Epistles on Painting, History, and Epic Poetry, writ-
ten in smooth, correct, and flowing versification, but not unfre-
quently deficient in energy and compression, inculcate much
elegant and judicious criticism, and difluse much light over their
respective subjects'' — Dr. Drake.
Haymau, Robert. Quodlibets, lately come over from
New Britaniola, Newfoundlanil. Epigrams, and other small
Parcels, both morall and divine, Lun., 1028, 4to. Bibl,
Anglo-Poet.,338, £12 12(f., q. v. The author favours us with
&0B
HAY
the fullowing verses upon the anagram of Lis own name,
— " llarme I bare not," — over a wood-cut of an animal of
the lizard kind, or " West-Indian Guane."
" If pome should nieefe this lieast upr.n the way.
Would not their hearfs-blood thrill for great'affray J
Yet the West-Indiau, that best knows his nature,
Says, there is not any more harmlesse Creature.
So, though my lines haue much deformity.
Their end mine Anagram shall verifie."
Ilaynam. Ophthalmia; Mem. Med., 1799.
Hayne, Paul H., b. at Charleston, S.C, 1831, is a
son of Lieut. Hayne, of the U.S. Navy, and a nephew of
Col. Robert Y. Hayne, the eloquent senatorial antagonist
of Daniel Webster. Mr. Hayne has contributed a number
of articles to the Southern Literary Messenger and to
other periodicals, has been editor of the Charleston Literary
Gazette, and i,s now connected with the editorial depart-
ment of the Charleston Evening News. In 1855 ho pub.
a vol. of Poem.s, Boston, Ifimo, which possess extraordi-
nary merit. The Temptation of Venus is the principal
poem in this collection. See Graham's (Phila.) Magazine,
Feb. 1855. We are authorized to expect much from Mr.
Hayne in the future.
Hayne, Robert Y., 1 791-1839, a native of the parish
of St. Paul, South Carolina, was a grandnephew of Col.
Isaac Hayne, a Revolutionary patriot, who was executed
by the British in 1781. Robert Y. Hayne filled in succes-
sion the offices of member of the State legislature. Speaker
of the House, Attorney-General of the State, United
States Senator, and Governor of the State. His speech
in the U.S. Senate, Jan. 25, 1830, which elicited Daniel
Webster's celebrated rejoinder, has rarely been equalled,
in all that constitutes true eloquence, in the American Con-
gress. See the Life, Character, and Speeches of the late
Robert Y. Hayne, 1845; Works of Daniel Webster, 8th ed.,
185-1, 6 vols. 8vo ; Southern Review, (papers by R. Y'. Hayne
on improvement of the navy, and in vindication of the
memory of his relative. Col. Hayne ;) Review of his Life
and Speeches, South. Quar. Review, viii. 496 ; his Letter
on the Tariff, 1S2S, in Niles's Reg., xxxv. 184, 199; his
Nullification Ordinance, in Niles's Reg., xliii. 219; his Nul-
lification Proclamation, in Niles's Reg., xliii. 308; Speeches
of his, i.n Niles's Reg., xxxvii. 415; xx.xviii. 105, 376; xli.
396. Eloquent tributes to the memory of Hayne, by Ge-
neral Hamilton of S. Carolina, and the Hon. Daniel Web-
ster, delivered at the Dinner of the New England Society,
Charleston, May S, 1847, will be found in Webster's Works,
ii. 387-388.
Hayne, Samuel. Statutes rel. to Aliens, Lon., 1685,
4to.
Hayne, Thomas, 1581-1645, a learned schoolmaster
and divine, a native of Leicestershire, educated at Leices-
ter Coll., Oxford, an usher in 1604 of Merchant-Tailors'
School, and subsequently of Christ's Hospital. 1. Gram-
matioos Latina} Compendium, 1637, '49, Svo; with -Appen-
dices. 2. Linguarum Cognatio, 1639, Svo. 3. Pax in
Terra, 1639, Svo. 4. The Equal Ways of God, 1639, Svo.
5. General View of the Holy Scriptures, 1640, fol. 6. Lifo
and Death of Dr. Martin Luther, 1641, 4to. 7. Four Let-
ters to Joseph Mode. See the 4th book of Mede's Works.
" He was a noted critic, an excellent linguist, and a solid divine,
beloved of learned men, and particularly respected by Selden." —
Allien. Oxon. ; see also Nichols's Leicestershire, vol. iii. Part 1.
Haynes, J>Iiss C. D. The Foundling of Devonshire ;
or, Who is She? 1818, 5 vols.
Haynes, Christopher. Papers relating to the
Trade and Commerce of G. Brit, and Ireland ; pub. in
Charles King's Collection, Lon., 1743, 3 vols. Svo.
Haynes, D. F. Pierre and Adeline; or, The Ro-
mance of the Castle, Lon., 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
Haynes, Hopton, 1672-1749, Assay-master of the
Mint, a friend of Sir Isa.ac Newton, and a zealous Soci-
nian. 1. Right of his Majesty's Chapel Royal, 1728, fol.
2. The Scripture Account of the Attributes and Worship
of God, and of the Character and Oflices of Jesus Christ.
Posth. ; pub. by his son, 1749, Svo. Repub. by Rev. Theop.
Lindsey, 1790, Svo.
*' The most zealous Unitarian T ever knew." — R. Baron.
" Mr. Ilayues has left behind him a standing memorial of the
fearless integrity and great success with which he studied the
Bible, in his Scripture Account of the Attributes." — Wallaces Aiiti-
trinitarian Biograp/ty,
Haynes also pub. some tracts against Jacobitism,1714,»tc.
Haynes, J. Botanical Garden at Chelsea, Lou., 1751,
fol.
Haynes, James. 1. Conscience; or. The Bridal
Niglit; a Tragedy, in Five Acts. This Tragedy was lirst
performed about 1S21. 2. Durazzo; a Tragedy, in Five
Acts, 1823.
IIAY
"This is a fino Tragedy; a finer we conlil hardly name. Tt
abounds with ' tbouLihts that l.reathe and words that burn ;' it is
worthy the authur of ' Conscience."" — Lnn. Gad. Mag., Sept. 1823.
3. Mary Stuart; a Tragedy, 1840, 8vo.
llaynes, John. Manufaelories, Ac, Lon., 1706,'15.
llayiies, Johu. Con. to Mem. Meil., 1799.
Hayues, Joseph. Tho Fatal Mistake; a Tragedy,
Lon., lli'JG, Ito. See his Life, by Thos. Brown, 1701, Svo.
Haynes, MilHiii A. The South-Westcru Law Jour-
nal and Reporter, Nashville, 1814, Svo.
Haynes, Kicharil. Prevention of Poverty, Lon.,
1G74, Svo.
Haynes, Samuel, D.P.. <1. 1752, son of Hopton
Hayue.s and Rector of Clothal. CoUee. of State Papers,
Lon., 174U, fol. See Cecil, Wilh,\>i, Lord Burleigh.
Haynes, Thomas, of Oundle. 1. Nursery (iarden-
ing, Lon., 1811, r. Svo. 2. Horticulture, ISll, r. Svo. 3.
The Strawberry, Ac, 1812, Svo. 4. Essay on Soils and
Composts, 1817, 12qio.
Hays. Food, Animal and Vegetable, Lon., 1615, Svo.
Hays, Edward. Hist, of the Irish Rebellion, N.
York, 12mo.
Hays, Isaac, M.D., b. in Philadelphia in 1790, grad.
in the Department of Arts of the Univ. of Penna. in 1816;
in the Medical Deijtirtment, 1820. Editor of Wilson's
American Oruith.dugy, Hall's ed., Phila., 1828, Svo; Hob-
lyn's Diet, of Medical Terras, Ac, 1846, 12mo; new ed.,
from the last Loudon ed., (7tb, 1S55,) 1855, r. 12mo; Law-
rence's Treatise on Diseases of the Eye, 1S47, Svo ; Arnott's
Elements of Physics, 1S48, Svo; Tho American Journal
of Medical Sciences, from its commencement in 1S27 to the
present time, 1856; Phila. Journal of Med. and Phys.,
vol. iv. ; Contributed papers to these periodicals, and also
to the Trans. Amer. Pliilos. Soc.
Hays, Mrs. Mary, an English lady, pub. several
novels. Letters, Essays, and juvenile works, 1796-1817,
and the following work, by which she is best known: Fe-
male Biography, Lon., 1S03, 6 vols. sm. Svo.
Hayter. i'crspective for Children, 1S14, Svo.
Hayter, Rev. John. Essay on 1 Cor. xi., Lon., 1791,
Svo.
Hayter, Rev. John, d. at Paris, 1818. 1. Observa-
tions on a Review of tho Uerculanonsia, 4to. 2. Report
upon the Herculaneum MSS., Lon., ISU, r. Svo. Mr. H.
resided for several years at Naples and at Palermo, for the
purpose of unrolling and deciphering the Greek MSS.
found at Hercul.aneum.
Hayter, Richard. Book of Revohition, Lon., 1675.
Hayter, Thomas, D.D., d. 1762, Bishop of Norwich,
1749; trans, to London, 1761. Occasional serms., and a
charge, Lon., 1732-59.
Hayter, Thomas, d. 1799, aged 53. Serm., Lon.,
1791, Svo.
Hayus, John. See Hat.
Hayward, Abraham, Q.C. 1. Trans, of Savigny's
Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence,
Lon., Svo. See Licber's Ilermeneutics, ed. 1839, p. 127.
2. Statutes founded on the C. Law Reports, 1832, 12mo.
See 5 Leg. Obs. 1S9. 3. Law regarding Marriage with the
Sister of a Deceased Wife; 3d ed., 1S46, Svo, pp. 28. 4
Trans, of Goethe's Faust, in English prose, Pt. 1, 1833, fp.
Svo ; 4th ed., 1847, ISmo. 5. Juridical Tracts, 1S56, p. Svo.
6. Biographical and Critical Essays, 1858, 2 vols. Svo. Com-
mended. See Judge Story's Life and Letters, ii. 324, and
the life of EDW.inp Everett, in this Dictionary, p. 569.
Hayward, C. Serms., 1793, '99, both Svo.
Hayward, Charles, Jr. Life of Sebastian Cabot,
in Sparks's Amcr. Biog., Series 1, ix. 91-162.
Hayward, Edward. Ships in R. Navy, Ac, Lon.,
1660, fol.
Hayward, George, M.D., President of the Mass. Me-
dical Society, lato Prof, of Surgery in Harvard University.
Trans. Bichat's General Anatomy, Boston, 1818-22, 3
vols. Svo. Trans. Becklard's additions to Bichat's Anatomy,
Boston, 1823, Svo. 1. Outlines of Physiology, Bost., 1S34,
12mo. 2. Surgical Reports and Miscellaneous Papers on
Medical Subjects, Bost., 1S55, 12mo.
*' Valuable "alike to the non-professloual reader, to the medical
student, and to the veteran practitioner.'' — N. Amer. Itev.,July,
1866. 167-182.
Hayward, or Haywarde, Sir John, d. 1627, an
English historian, educated at Cambridge, was knighted
in 1619. 1. Tho Urst part of the Life and Raigne of King
Henrie the IIII., Lon., 1699, 4to. With Cotton's Henry
IIL, 1642, 12mo. 2. An Answer to the First Part of a
Conference concerning Succession, pub. not long since
under the name of R. Doleman (Parsons), 1603, 4to. Again,
under the title of The Right of Succession asserted, Ac,
HAT
1683, Svo. 3. Union of Eng. and Scot., 1604, 4to. 4.
Lives of Wm. L. Wm. II., and Henry I.. 1613, 4to. 5.
The Sanctuario of a Trouldcd Soul, 1616, 12mo. 2d Part,
1649, 12mo. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscelbany. 6.
David's Tears, 1622, Svo; 1623, '25, 4to; 1636, 12mo. 7.
Christ's Prayer, 1623, Svo. 8. ,Supremacie in Affairs of
Religion, 1624, 4to. 9. The Life .and Raigne of Edward
VI., 1630, 4to; 1636, Svo; 1642, I2nio; 1730, 4to; and in
Kcnnet's CoUec, ii. 273, 1706. See Athen. Oxon.; Strype;
Kcnnet; Bp. Nicolson's Hist. Lib.
Hayward dedicated bis Raigne of King Henrio IIII. to
tho Earl of Essex, which together with some of the his-
torian's remarks, displeased tiueen Elizabeth, who ordered
Lord Bacon to search the book for treasons. Bacon re-
ported that there was no Ireamii, but that there were many
felonies; for the author " had stolen many of his sentences
and conceits out of Cornelius Tacitus."
Hayward, John. 1. View of tho U. States. N.Tork,
1833, Svo. 2. Religious Creeds, Ac. of the U. States and
of the Brit. Provinces, Bost., 1837, 12mo. 3. N. England
Gazetteer, 1S39, 8vo. 4. Book of Religions, 1842, 12mo.
5. Gazetteer of the U. States, Portland, 1843, Svo. ; Phila.,
1854, Svo. 6. Gazetteer of Mass., N. Hamp., and Vermont,
Bost., 1S49.
Hayward, Joseph. 1. Science of Horticulture, 1818,
Svo. 2. Science of Agriculture, Lon., 1825, Svo.
'' Shows avery sfiund scientitic judgment in alt practical points."
— Donahhou's Agneult. Biixj.
" Blends mucii practical information in confirmation of theory."
— L<m. Month. Jiev.
3. Fruitfulness and B.arrenness in Plants, Ac, 1834, 12mo.
'•The subject is extremely well handled, but in a practical view
it merits no comment." — Dunuldsoti's Agriciilt. Biog.
4. Mode of Training Vines; Trans. Hortic. Soc, 1815.
Hay\vard, Roger, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1673, '76.
Hayward, Samuel. 1. Serm. to Sailors on Ps. evii.
31, 1746, Svo. 2. XVII. Serms., Lon., 1758, '92, Svo.
'■ Composed in a truly evangelical style, and well adapted for
usefulness.'' — Walter Wilsox.
3. Serm. to Youth on Prov. viii. 17, 1756, Svo. 4. Reli-
gious Cases of Conscience. See Pike, Samuel.
Hayward, Thomas. The British Muse; or, A Col-
lection of Thoughts, &lorfil. Natural, and Sublime, of our
English Poets who flourished in the 16tb and 17th Centu-
ries, Lon., 1738, 3 vols. 12mo; 1740, 3 vols. 12mo, under
the title of The Quintessence of English Poetry, Ac. Per-
haps anew title-page only. The preface, containing an His-
torical and Critical Notice of all the Collections of this Kind
that were ever pnblisheil, wiis written by Wm. Oldys, under
tho supervision and with the corrections of Dr. Campbell.
"The most comprehensive and exactCommouplaceof the Works,
of our most eminent poets throughout the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, and afterwards." — Wurton's Hi^t. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii.
234.
"A collection incomparably preferable to all preceding ones." —
Disraeli's Amenities of Literature, q. v.
And see Brydges's Phillips's Tbeat. Poet. Anglic, Pref.
Ixvi.
'■ If the grain were separated from the chatT which fills the works
of our National I'oets, what is truly valuable would be to what is
useless in the proportion of a molehill to a mountain." — BunKE.
Haywarde, Sir John. See IlAvwARn.
Haywarde, Richard. Prismatics, N. York, 1S53,
12mo. A collection of Prose and Poetry.
Haywarde, Wm. 1. Trans, from the Frencli of Ge-
ncrall Pardon, Lon., 1571, Svo. A theolog. treatise. 2.
Bellum Grammaticale, 1576, Svo.
Haywood. Secret Hist, of the Life of Mary, Queen
of Scots, with the real cause of all her Misfortunes, 1725,
Svo.
Haywood, Eliza. See Heywood.
HayAVOod, Capt. F. Memoir of, with Extracts from
his Diary and Corresp., Lon., 1832, Svo.
Haywood, F. Analysis of Kant's Critick of Pure
Reason, Lon., 1844, Svo.
Ha'ywood, Henry, d. 1755, a minister of the Soci-
ninn Baptists in Charleston, S.C, tr.ans. into English Dr.
Whitby's treatise on Original Sin, and left a defence of
Whitby against Gill, and a catechism, ready for the press,
HayAVOod, James. Letters to Farmers, AVorksop,
1862, 12mo.
" Neat on every department of agriculture, and form a useful
handbook to every farmer." — Donaklson's Agrieult. Biog.
Haywood, Judge John. 1. N. Carolina Reports,
1789-1806; 2d ed., by W. H. Battle, Raleigh, 1832-43, 2
vols. Svo. 2. N. Carolina Justice, Svo. 3. Publick Acta
of N. Carolina and Tennessee, 2d ed., Nashville, 1810, 4to.
4. Tennessee Reports, 1816-18; Knoxville and Nashville,
1818, 3 vols. Svo. 5. In conjunction with Robert L. Cobbs,
Statute Laws of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1S31, Svo.
809
HAY
UAZ
Haywood, Thomas* 1. Londini Artlum et Scien-
tiarum Seaturigo ; or, London Fountaine of Arts and
Sciences, 16;il, 4to. 2. Porta Pietatis, 163S, 4to.
HayAVOod, VVm., D.D. Serms., 1642, '48, '60, '63.
See Pt'tition and Articles exhibited against him in Par-
liament, 1641, 4to.
Hazard, Miss Ann. Emma Stanley; or, The Or-
phans, N. York.
Hazard, Ebenezer, d. 1817, aged 73, a native of
Philadelphia, Penn., grad. at Princeton College in 1762;
Postmaster-General of the U. States, 17S2-S9. Historical
Collections; consisting of State Papers and other authentic
Documents intended as materials for a Hist, of the U.
States of America. Phila., 2 vols. 4to; i. 1792 ; ii. 1794.
"A valuable collection of documents relating to American His-
tor>'."— /i'i(/''s Bill. Ama: Nfjva. i. 375. q. v. And see Hazard's Re-
marks nn a Report concerning the Western Indians, 2 Mass. Hist.
Coll. iv.
Hazard, Joseph, of Lincoln College, Oxford. The
Conquest of Quebec; a Poem, Lon., 1769, 4to.
Hazard, RoAvland G., b. ISOl, in South Kingston,
Rhode Ishind, an extensive manufacturer at Peace Dale,
Rhode Island. 1. Language: its Connexion with the pre-
sent Constitution and future prospects of Man, by Hcte-
roscian, Providence, 1836. This work is thus referred to
by an eminent authority:
"Volumes have not only been read, but written, in flying jour-
neys. I have known a man of vigorous intellect, who had enjoyed
few advantages of early education, and whose mind was almost
engrossed by the details of an extensive business, but who com-
posed a book of much original thought, in steamboats and on
horseback, while visiting distant customers." — Wm. Ellery Chan-
NINO, D.D. : Sdf-Cidturc ; in the collective ed. of his Works, 3d ed.,
ii. 104.
A review of Language, written by Miss Peabody, ap-
peared soon after the publication of the latter. Mr. H.
has also pub. several pamphlets, 1841-48, upon Public
Schools, Railroads, &c.
Hazard, Samuel, a son of Ebenezer Hazard, [ante,)
b. in 1784, in Philadelphia. Penn. 1. Register of Penn-
sylvania, Phila., 1828-36, 16 vols. large 8vo. This valu-
able work, containing a large mass of historical matter, is
frequently cited by historians, and is received as authority
in the courts of Pennsylvania. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 204. 2. United States Commercial and Statistical
Register, 1839-42, 0 vols. Svo. 3. Annals of Pennsylvania,
from the Discovery of the Delaware, ( 1609,) to the year 16S2,
1 vol. 8vo, pp. 800. This vol. — complete in itself — is in-
tended as the first of a series designed to cover the period
from 1609 to 1856. 4. Pennsylvania Archives, 1682-1790,
printed by appointment of the Legislature, from the origi-
nals in the office of the Secretary of State. The whole
series up to 1790 has appeared, in 12 vols, of about 800 pp.
each; one vol. more, composed entirely of an Index to 16
vols, of Colonial Records, previously printed, and the 12
vols, of Archives, will complete the whole period authorized
to be embraced in the work. It is to such indefatigable
labourers as Mr. Hazard and his father that historians are
indebted for much of the most valuable portions of their
compilations.
Hazard, Thomas R., of "Vaucluse," Rhode Island,
a brother of Rowland G. Hazard, was b. in 1784, in South
Kingston, Rhode Island. 1. Facts for the Labouring Man,
1840. 2. Essay on Capital Punishment, 1S50. 3. Report
on the Poor and Insane of the State, 1860. 4, Handbook
of the National American Party, 1856.
Hazelaud, Wm, Serms., 1756-61, all 4to.
Hazelius, E. L,, D.D., Lutheran Pastor, Prof, in
Theulog. Seminary, Lexingtun, S.C. 1. Life of Luther,
N.Y., 1813. 2. Life of Stilling, from the German, Gettys-
burg, 1S31. 3. Augsburg Confession, with Annotations. 4.
Evangelisches Magazin, ed. 1831. 5. Materials for Cate-
chization on passages of Scripture, 1823. 6. Church History,
4 vols. — History of the Lutheran Church in America, 1846.
Hazen, E., of New York. 1. New Speller and Defiuer,
Phila., 12mo. 2. Panorama of Trades, Manufactures, Ac.
3. Speller and Definer, 12mo. 4. Popular Technology, N.
York, 18mo. 5. Practical English Grammar. 6. Symboli-
cal Spelling-Books ; do. Pts. 1 and 2. Upwards of a million
copies of Mr. Hazen's popular school-books have been pub.
Hazlitt, William, 177S-1830, the son of a Unitarian
minister uf Shropshire, after receiving hi;^ education at the
Unitarian College at Haekley, began life as an artist, and
executed a number of paintings, which pleased every taste
but that of the too fastidious artist, who threw away the
pencil in disgust, even amidst the commendations of his
admiring friends. Removing to London, he secured a
situation as Parliamentary reporter for some of the daily
papers, and thus comraenced a literary career of great
810
diligence, which was prosecuted until his death in 1830.
He contributed largely to various periodicals ; and many
of his most popular essays, afterwards collected into vo-
lumes, originally thus appeared as fugitive essays. He
was one of the contributors to the Edinburgh Review, and
aloe officiated as home editor of *' The Liberal."
His first acknowledged production (pub. anonymously)
was — 1. An Essay on the Principles of Human Action,
which has been commended as indicative of considerable
metaphysical acutcness. This work was succeeded by the
following publications : — 2. The Eloquence of the British
Senate. 1808, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. English Grammar for Schools,
<fec., 1810, 12mo. 4. The Round Table; a collection of
Essays, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. Written for the Examiner
in connection with Leigh Hunt. 5. Character of Shak-
epeare's Plays, 1S17, 8vo. 6. A View of the English Stage;
containing a series of Dramatic Criticism, 181S, 8vo. 7
Lectures on English Poetry, delivered at the Surrey Insti-
tute in 1818, Svo. 8. The Spirit of the Age, p. Svo. 9.
The Plain Speaker, 2 vols. Svo. 10. Political Essays, with
Sketches of Public Characters, Svo. 11. Lectures on the
English Comic Writers, 12mo. 12. Letts, on the Dramatic
Literature of the Age of Elizabeth, 12mo. 13. Table-Talk :
Original Essays, 1S21, 2 vols. 12mo. 14. Liber Amoris;
or. The New Pygmalion, 12mo. 15. Criticisms on Art, 2
vols. 12mo. 16. Sketches of the Principal Picture-Gal-
leries, 12mo. 17. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1828, 4 vols.
Svo. IS. A Letter to Wm. GifTord. 19. Journey through
France and Italy, Svo. 20. Essays and Characters; writ-
ten at Winterslow, 12mo. 21. Conversations with James
Northcote, p. Svo. We might also include his treatise on
the Fine Arts, contributed to the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit., (see
Haydon, Benjamin Robert,) a volume of Characteristics,
&c. After his decease, his son pub. his Literary Remains,
with Life, by his son, and Thoughts on his Genius and
Writings, by Sir E. L. Bulwer and Sir T. Noon Talfourd,
1836, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1839, 2 vols. Svo. This the
reader must procure, and also the revised edits, of his best-
known works, edited by his son, (1845, <te.) viz.: Table-
Talk, 2 vols. ; Plain Speaker, 2 vols. ; Lects. on Dramatic
Lit.; on the English Stage; on English Poets; on English
Comic Writers; Characters of Shakspeare's Plays; Criti-
cisms on Art, 2 series, 2 vols. ; Winterslow Essays and Cha-
racters, &c. Messrs. Carey & Hart, Philadelphia, pub.
in 1848, (in 5 vols. 12mo,) The Miscellaneous AVorks of
William Hazlitt : Vols. L, II. Table-Talk ; III. Lects. on the
Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth ; Characters of Shak-
speare's Plays; IV. Lects. on the English Comic Writers;
Lects. on the English Poets; V. The Spirit of the Age.
Mr. H. C. Baird, of Phila., has added to these 5 vols, a
reprint of the Life of Napoleon, in 1 vol. Svo. A 2d ed. of
this work, revised by the author's son, was puh. Lon., 1852,
4 vols. 12mo. Hazlitt also edited An Abridgment of the
Light of Nature, originally published in seven volumes,
under the name of Edward Search. Esq., 1307, Svo.
As an essayist, a critic, and a sketcher of literary por-
traits, both the merits and demerits of Hazlitt were un-
doubtedly great. In testimony of this assertion we could
summon many witnesses, but our limits will admit of but
brief citations:
"In critical disquisitions on the leading characters and works
of the drama, he is not surpassed in the whole ran^'e of ICn^'iish
literature; and what in an especial manner commands admiratiuu
in their perusal is the indicutiou of refined taste and chastened
reflection which they contain, and which are more perspicuous in
detached passages than in any entire work. He appears greater
when quoted than when read. Possibly, had his life been pro-
longed, it might have been otherwise, and some work emanated from
his gifted pen which would have placed his lame on a durable
foundation." — Sir Arcuibvld Alison: Hist, of Europe. 1815-5i.
'■ We are not .ipt to imbibe half opinions, or to express them by
halves; we shall, therefore, say at once, that when Mr. llazlitt's
taste and judgment are left to themselves, we think him among
the best, if not the very best, living critic on our national litera-
ture As we have not scrupled to declare that we think Mr.
Hazlitt is sometimes the very best living critic, we shall venture
one step farther, and add, that we think he is sometimes the very
worst. One would suppose that he had a personal quarrel with
all living writers, good, bad, or indifferent. In fact, he seems to
know little about them, and to care less. With him, to be alive
is not only a fault in itself, but it includes all other possible faults.
Ue seems to consider life as a disease, and death as your only
doctor. He reverses the proverb, and thinks a de.id ass is better
than a living lion. In his eyes, death, like charity, 'covereth a
multitude of sins.' In short, if you want his praise, you must
die for it; and when such praise is deserved, and given vonanwret
it is almost worth dying for." — I'rofessor John Wilso.v; Black-
iVOOfPs Mag., iii. 76; notice of Ilazlitfs Lects. on English Poetry.
" AVhen we reflect upim the numiier in which he brings thiaga
before those who afteniled \m LrturrH, .sum..- of his old acquaint
ance and their fricn'is, we feel nothing but disgust at him, ana
doubt of the true refinement of an ago in which a polite and well-
educated audience would allow of such gross personalities. If ilr.
HAZ
nazlitt is blind to the heavities of the living poets, it is of little
consetiuence to them or to us ; but we are olfeu Jed at the vultiarity
af the attacks upon the characters of Wordsworth and Coleridge;
nor does he rise in our estimation by seeking; to make, out of the
faults of Burns, a defence for licentiousness and a rude attack
upon a well-principled man."— Kxcbard Hbnrv Dana: N. Amer.
Mm., viii. 27, Ti. 32:i; review of Lects. on English I'oetry.
UazUtt indeed dwelt more with tho detid tliau the living,
and tho enthusiasm he evinces when ho has exchanged the
drawing-room for the graveyard — esijccially when gar-
nishing the sepulchre of the greatest of English poets— is
well described by a late eminent critic :
"lie seems pretty generally, indeed, in a state of happy intoxi-
cation—and has borrowed from his great original, not indeed the
force and brilliancy of his fancy, but somethins; of its playfulness,
and a large share of his apparent joyousness and self-indul;xence
In its exercise. It i.s evidently a gre.at pleasure to him to be fully
possessed with the beauties of his author, and to follow the impulse
of his uure.sl rained eagerness to impress tbem upon his i-eaders."
— Lord Jeffhev ; Etlin. liev., ssviii. 472.
Mr. Tuckerman estimates Hazlitt's abilities Tery highly,
and asserts that he
*' Possessed, in a very eminent degree, what we are inclined to
believe the most impo'rtant requisite for true criticism.— a great
natural relish for all the phases of intellectual lite and action.'
But he makes a large deduction from his praise when
he admits that
" There is scarcely a page of Ilazlitt which does not betray the
influence of strong prejudice, a love of pa]ado.\ical views, and a
tendency to sacrifice the exact truth of a question to an effective
turn of expression."— CTia)-acferis(iCS of Literature, Second Series :
The Critic : Willium HazUlt.
Certainly one of tho best criticisms elicited by the
irritings of Hazlitt is the review, by Sir T. N. Talfourd,
of the Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age
of Elizabeth, orighially published in the Edinburgh Re-
view, xxxiv. 4.3S— 149, and since reprinted in the author's
Miscellaneous Writings. See also — in addition to the au-
thorities already cited — 1. De Quincey's Essays on the
Poets and the English Writers, vol. x. of his Collected
Works, Host., lSo3, 12mo. 2. Allan Cunningham's Biog.
and Crit. Hist, of England for the last Fifty Years. 3.
Dibdin's Library Companion. 4. Gilfillan's Galleries of
Literary Portraits, i. and ill. 5. Southey's Life and Cor-
respondence. 6. Whipple's Essays and Reviews, 2d ed.,
ii. 125-1215, and in N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1845 ; and the fol-
lowing articles: 7. Lon. Quar. Rev., xvii. 154; xviii. 458;
xix. 424; xxii. 158; xxvi. 103. 8. Edin. Rev., Ixiv. 395.
9. Lon. Month. Rev., xcii. 153 ; xciii. 59, 25U; ei. 55; evil.
1; ex. 113; cxxiii. 275. 10. Edin. Month. Rev., iii. 297.
11. Blackwood's Mag., ii. 556, 558, 500, 679, 681, 683; iii.
71, 72, 74, 303, 550, 587; xi. 333, 370; xii. 157, 701, 702;
xiv. 219, 309, 313, 428 ; xvi. 71 ; xvii. 131, 361 ; xviii. 506;
XX. 786; xxi. 474; xxiii. 386, 399; xxiv. 695 ; xxxiii. 136.
12. DuU. Univ. Mag., viii. 406. 13. Fraser's Mag., xix. 278.
14. Eclec. Rev., vii. 288. 15. N. Amer. Rev., -xliii. 543.
16. Amer. Quar. Rev., xx. 265. 17. Amer. Whig Rev., v.
98; xiv. 138. IS. Museum, ix. 154. 19. Living Age, (from
Jerrold's Mag.,) iv. 459. 20. South. Quar. Lit. Mess., ii.
617. 21. Aualec. Mag., xii. 201.
Hazlitt, William, Jr., of the Middle Temple, son
of the preceding, and editor of his father's Works, is best
known as an author by his translations of the Life of Lu-
ther, 1846, '48, 12mo; Michelefs Roman Republic, sm. 8vo;
Guizot's Hist, of tho English Revolution, 1846, 12mo;
Guizot's Hist, of Civilization, pub. by Bogue, 1S46, 3 vols.
12mo, again by Bohn, 1856, 3 vols. 12mo ; Thierry's Hist,
of the Conquest of Englaud by the Norm:ins, 1847, 2 vols.
12mo; Hue's Travels in Tartary, Ac. in 1844-46, 2 vols,
sq. 12mo, 1852. See also his ed. of Montaigne's Works,
1842, r. 8vo; of De Foe's Works, 1840, 3 vols. r. 8vo; and
the Lives of the British Poets, (based upon and including
Dr. Johnson's Lives.) 4 vols., 1854, Ac. This last-named
publication failed to elicit the enthusiastic commendation
of tho sharp-sighted and quick-witted critic of the London
Athenffium : see the No. for Feb. 18, 1854, pp. 207-208.
Hazlitt, William Carew, son of the preceding.
The History of tho Origin and Rise of tho Republic of
Venice, Lon., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. Tho history is brought
down to the close of the thirteenth century.
"So far. it is a creditable contribution to literature, opening to
the English eye fresh passages and characteristics of the romantic
Venetian annals. . . . One result is to expose, even more signally
than had previously been done, the comparative worthlessness of
Dam, — the quarry whence most English compilations biive of late
been drawn."—ion..<l<'u:n., 1868, 41. See also .N. Amer. Rev., Oct.l 868.
British Columbia and Vancouver's Island, 1858, fp. 8vo.
Head, Sir Edmund Walker, 8ib Bart., son of the
Rev. .Sir .John Head, 7th Bart., b. 1805, near Maidstone.
Kent; Gov.-Gcn. of Canada since 1854. 1. Handbook to tho
Spanish and French Schools of Painting, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo.
"Sir Ednmnd is logical and analytical, lucid in style, calm in
temper, rejects all German trausceudentaliams, and picks, with
HEA
practical English sense, the kernel from the hnsks. ever sacrificing
the second-class and trivial for tho first-rate and emphatic." — Lon.
Quar. Rev., June, 1848.
" The review of these two schools (Spanish and French) is BO
clear and concise, that we can name no work which contains any
abridged histories 60 comprehensive as we find in this Handbook,
fully worthy, in every respect, of all those which have preceded
it." — L"ii. Art-Union.
See W. H. Prescott's Miscellanies, Best., 1855, 642.
2. Kugler's Handbook of Painting : The German, Flem-
ish, and Dutch Schools. Trans, by a Lady; edited, with
Notes, by Sir E. H., 1843, p. 8vo.
" Translated by a lady, and edited, with notes, by Sir Edmund
Head, aided by the advice of Mr. Eastlake, Mr. Giuner, and Mr.
Ford, this volume presents us with aviewoftheGerman, Flemish,
and Duti-h schools of I'ainting. "We recommend it as avery candid
and excellent production." — Lftn. LiU.rary Gazette.
Head, Erasmus, Prcb. of Carlisle. 1, 2. Serms.
Lou., 1746, '47, both 8vo. 3. Roman Antiq., 1773.
Head, Sir Francis Bond, brother of Sir Edmund
Walker Head, Bart, K.C.H., b. 1793, formerly a miijor in
the Royal Army, and Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada
1835-38, now in the receipt of a good-service pension of
£100 per annum. 1. Rough Notes taken during some Rapid
Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes, Lon.,
1826, 8vo; 4th ed., 1847, p. 8vo. These rapid journeys ob-
tained for the huiTied traveller the sobriquet of " Galloping
Head," from "the manner in which he scoured across the
Pampas." , , . i i,, i
" 'I'he gay captain scampers across the Pampas plains at the rate
of a hundred to a hundred and twenty miles a day. . . . Ilis are
mere sketches, it is true, but the outline is generally so well and
clearly defined as to produce all the effect of a finished picture."—
ItoDERT Sol'tuey: Lou. Qmtr. ii'cy., xxxiv. 114-148.
"This book has all the interest of a novel."— ion. Eckc. Jtev.
"Every reader m,ay draw entertainment and instruction from
bis iMXik." — iV. Amer. liev., xxiv. 29.5-321.
2. Reports relating to the Failure of the Rio Plata
Mining Association, 1827, p. 8vo. 3. Bubbles from the
Brunnen of Nassau, by an Old Man, 1833, p. 8vo, 6th
ed., 1841, 16mo.
"Just suited for the pocket and for Rhine travellers." — Ltm.
Attuturntn.
4. Narrative of his Administration in Upper Canada,
1839, Svo; 3d ed., same year. Respecting the topics dis-
cussed in this work, see Men of tho Time, London, 1856;
Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 287, 316; Dubl. Univ. Mag.,
xiii. 501-519; Westminster Rev., xxxii. 426; Eclec. Rev.,
4th Ser., v. 556.
"Sir Francis Head's Narrative is a very remark.able one, being
one of the most clear, unreserved, and honest .accounts over ren-
dered by a public servant, of the arts, the principles, and the policy
of an unpopular administration. Few provincial governors could
have to relate so interesting, so arduous, and so successful a strug-
gle."— Lon. Qunr. Rev.
"A lively, pleasant, self-complacent piece of egoism, .... di-
rectly opposite in all its characteristics to the Report of Lord Dui^
ham ; but this we say without reference to the principles advocated
by either party." — Lrm. Athenaeum, 1839, lti9.
5. Life of Bruce, 1844, '48, ISmo. 6. The Emigrant; 3d
ed., 1846; 6th ed., 1852, p. 8vo.
"From this the future Mahon will gather tho means of enliven-
ing the detail of our annals ; from this the Macaulay of another
day will draw the minute circumstances which preserve the very
form and image of the past." — Lent. Qnar. Reu.
"The most minute and accurate autobiography could hardly
have done more to explain Sir Francis Head's character and career
than tho little work before us We have now pretty well
picked our crow, and we may safely dismiss the political history
and theories of Sir Francis Head into the region of chimeras and
confusion." — £din. Rev., Ixxxv. 3rjS-397.
7. Stokers and Pokers— Highways and Byways, 1850,
p. Svo. Originally pub. in the Lon. Quarterly; now en-
larged and altered.
'■ It is a very clever, rapid, graphic, and effective series, descrip-
tive of the ditficulties attendant on the construction, maintenance,
and working of a great railway, with illustrations from such scenes
as may he witnessed daily on the line." — Lem. Examiner.
8. The Defenceless State of Great Britain, 1850, p. Svo.
"A most timely and needful warning, which every one will do
well to consider We venture to think that it will not be
without some effect, however it may be as.sailed hy vulgar abuse
or depreciated by contemptible flippancy."— JStaciioood's Mag.,
Dec. 1860. . ^,
" It is calculated to rouse all tho old women m the country.
Such a fee-fa-fum of a book we never read. The Duke's letter to
Sir John Ilurgoyne was nothing to it; and it beats even Lord
Ellesmere hollow." — Lon. Examiner.
" To a large class of persons he will appear to have done more
good than harm, even by the publication of a book so full of ex*
aggeration that it is difficult to say whether it should be classed
vvVth our serious or with our imaginative literature." — Lmi. At/te-
nanim, 1860, 1189.
" It is indeed our sense of the real danger, and our anxiety for
a practical remedy, that have induced us to combat at such length
Sir Francis Head's various propositions; — some of which, we think,
are too slight to support his arguments, and others too vast and
too vague^to satisfy the common sense of the country." — Lon.
(^uar. liev., Ixxxviii. 269-310.
eii
HEA
IIEA
9. A Fortnight in Ireland, 1852, 8to.
"llaving blown his * bubbles' in Germany, and humt up his
'French faggot,' the author 6eeks on Irish t^rouud to amusf him-
self and his readers by comic sketches interspersed with gcneial
reflections made in hisown pecuUar style." — Lon. Athencvum, lSb'2,
1201.
10. A Faggot of French Sticks ; or, Paris in 1851, 2 vols,
p. Svo, 1S52 ; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols.
" He took with him to bis task the kindly spirit ftnd minute
observation tor which he is distinguished, and, on his return to
England, cast his notes and reminiscences into volumes, summon-
JDg to his aid the easy cheerful style and sly humour which have
long caused his name to sound harmoniously in the ears of all
lovers of a genial and amusing book. We rejoice that this book
is one we can honestly praise." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
"Very curious, rt^adable, and in some sense informing; but,
perhaps, its most remarkable feature is, how much may be seen iu
I'aris in a short lime by a man who resolutely sets about it." —
Lon. Spectator.
*' If Sir Francis knew how much we admire his books, we almost
think (though that is saying much) that his feelings towards the
American Uepublic would becomo somewhat kinder and gentler.
.... From the delightful Babbles from the Brunnen, with its
quaint, half deprecatory motto,—'" Bubble," (bobbel, Dutch,) any
thiny that wauts solidity and firmness: (Johnson's Dictionary)' —
down to the Faggot, and inrluding the more recent work on Ire-
land, we find everywhere the same freshness, the same vividness
of narration, and the same good sense. The Bubbles are not alto-
gether empty and fragile; the Faggot is not wholly composed of
dry and crooked sticks." — N. Amer. liev.: Travellers in France,
Ixsvi. 397^23.
See an article on Sir Francis's Works in the Westminster
Review, xxxi. 461.
Head, Sir George, 1782-1855, brother of the pre-
ceding. 1. Forest Scenes and Incidents in the Wilds of N.
America, Lon., 1829, Svo; new ed., 1839, p. Svo.
"The Rough Notes of Captain Head on bis gallop across South
America are not more unlike ordinary travels than this Diary of
ft winter's journey in British America, and a summer residence in
the woods there."— Robert Soctuey: Lon. Qnar. /I'd'., xlii. 80-105.
2. A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts
of England iu 1835, 2d ed., 1836, Svo. 3. A Home Tour,
&c. ; a continuation of the preceding, 1837, Svoj 3d ed. of
both, 1S40, 2 vols. p. Svo. Reviewed by Robert Southey
in Lon. Quar. Rev., lix. 316-327.
4. Rome ; a Tour of Many Days, 1849, 3 vols. Svo.
" The present work is intended for the general pulilic, — to furnish
to the numerous readers at home and abroad a simple and distinct
account of Home and its Antiquities." — Preface.
"It is out of the question to convey by such means as are at
our command any just idea of the mass of intelligence collected
by Sir George Head. He seems to make us actiuaiuted with every
inch of Rome, and to leave nothing for future workmen to do in
revealing its smallest features. The roads, the streets, the palaces,
the churches, the relics of every kind, and the inhabitants also,
are all set before us in the best possible order. Iu short, it is a
standard work, to last like Rome.'* — Lon. Literary Gazette.
5. Trans, from the Italian of Cardinal Pacca's Hist.
Memoirs of himself, with Notes, 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"To those who are desirous of informing themselves minutely
regarding Napoleon's relations with the Papacy from 1808 to 1814,
this work will be extremely interesting." — Lon. Athenaeum.
6. Trans, of Apuleius's Metamorphoses ; or, the Golden
Ass, 1851, p. Svo. This is commended as an excellent
translation.
"It may be read with interest and instruction as a most trust-
worthy duscriptiou of the habits, manners, and customs prevailing
in the Roman provinces iu the second century of the Christian
era." — Lo7i. Athciia'um.
Head, James Roper. Political tracts, 1*96, '97.
Head, Rev, Sir John, Bart, of Hermitage, near
Rochester. 1. Serm., 1803, Svo. 2. Discourses, 181S, Svo.
Head, Michael. Azora; a Metrical Romance, in
four Cantos. 1S14, Svo.
Head, Richard, drowned in 1678, was the author
of Hie et Ubique, or the Humours of Dublin : a Comedy,
Lon., 1663, 4to; Parts 1 and 2 of the English Rogue,
(Parts 3 and 4 were by Franci.s Kirkman:) and some
other works. Pee Lowndes's Blbl. Man., 890; Biog. Dra-
mat., iv. 321-322; Winstank-y's Lives of the Eng. Poets.
Head, Mrs. Thomasen. The Pious Mother; or.
Evidences for Heaven, Lon., 1839, 16mo. AVritten in 1650.
Hcadlam, John. Lett, to the Rt. Hon. Robert Peel
on Prison Labour. Luu., 1823. Reviewed by Rev. Sydney
Smith, in Edin. Rev., Jan. 1824.
Headlam, Thomas E., M.P., Q.C. 1. Trustee Act
of 1850, ike, Lon., 1850, Svo; 3ded.. 1855, 12mo. 2. Supp.
to Daniell's Chancery Practice, bringing it down to 1851,
Svo, 1851. 3. New Chancery Acts, &c., 1852, Svo.
"The eminent position of Mr. Headlam entitles his work on the
New Chancery Acts to an early notice in our pages; and his opi-
nions on the recent changes in Equity Jurisdiction and Practice
deserve the most respectful consideration."— Xecrai Observer, Jan.
1,1853.
Headlam, John. Serm., 1804, Svo.
Headland, Frederick W. Es^ay on the Action of
Medicines in the System, Lon., 1850, Svo : 2d ed., 1855, Svo.
813 ^ f I f } } J
"The very fiivourahle opinion which we were amongst the first
to pronounce upon this essay has been fully confirmed by the
•^eneral voice of the profession : andBr. Headland may now be con-
gratulated upon having produced a treatise which has been weighed
in the balance and ibund worthy of being ranked with our stand-
ard medical works." — Lon. Lancd.
Hcadley, Henry, 1766-1788, a native of Norwich,
educated at Trin. Coll., Oxford, pub. a vol. of Poems and
other Pieces in 1786, Svo, contributed to the Gent. Mag.
under the signature of C. T. 0., wrote No. 16 of the Olla
Podrida, (2d ed., Lon., 1788, 8vo,) pub. several papers in
The Lucubrations of Abel Slug, and gave to the world, in
1787, Select Beauties of Ancient English Poets, with Re-
marks, 2 vols. cr. Svo. A new ed. of this work appeared
in 1810, 2 vols. cr. Svo, with a Biographical Sketch of the
author, by the Rev. Henry Kett, Fellow of Trin. Coll.,
Oxford. Headley designed and pub. two vols, similar to
the preceding.
" He included, under the un<"istentatious and general term Re-
marks, a I'retace, Introduction, Biographical Sketches, Notes, and
a Supplement His principles of criticism are sound, his
remarks are pertinent, and they are often made with a degree of
acuteness, force, and discrimination, that would have done credit
even toa Johnsonor a Walpole The collection of the (ujen/y-
nine Biographical Sketches of the old English Poets may be con-
sidered as a rich cabinet of exquisite portraits, finished with all
the truth and spirit of a Vandyke. They possess a peculiar deli-
cacy of touch and fidelity of character. The colours are vivid;
the features of each person are discriminated with the greatest
precision; and we have only to regret that we have no more com-
positions of the kind from the same masterly hand. The following
selections afford ample specimens of his diligence as well as of his
talents and taste." — Uev. Hesuy Kett: Biog. ^Sketch, iihi snpi'a.
See Sir S. E. Brydges's Prcf to his cd. of Phillips's
Theat. Poet. Anglic, Ixx., Ixxi. j Blackwood's Mag., xxxviii.
677.
Headley, Rev. Joel Tyler, b. at Walton, Delaware
county, New York, Dec. 3, 1814, graduated at Union Col-
lege in 1839, and sulisequently pursued his theological
studies at the Auburn Theological Seminary. After being
licensed in the city of New York, he removed to Stock-
bridge, Mass., and, for about two years and a half, officiated
as pastor of a church in that place. Obliged from failure
of his health to abandon his intention of devoting himself
to the ministry, he determined to test the effects of foreign
travel upon his constitution, and, in pursuance of this reso-
lution, passed the years 1842-43 in Italy and other por-
tions of the Continent. Upon his return home, in 1S44,
he gave to the world the ret^ults of his observations, in two
vols., which met with a reception sufficiently favourable to
make the tourist henceforth an author by profession. In
May, 1850, Mr. Headley was married to Miss Anna A.
Russel, a niece of Rev. Dr. Wm. Ellery Channing; and
in 1S51 he erected a villa on the banks of the Hudson,
just above the Highlands, ''commanding a view of sur-
passing beauty and grandeur." In 1S54 he was elected a
member of the Legishiture of New York.
Mr. Headley's first American ancestor was the eldest son
of an English baron, and of the same family as the present
Sir Francis Headley, We subjoin a list of Mr. H.'s pro-
ductions :
1. A translation from the German, 1844. Anon. 2. Let-
ters from Italy, 1845, 12mo.
"A work upon which a man of taste will be gratified to linger.
It possesses the unfatiguing charms of perfect simplicity and
truth. . . . We meet everywhere the evidences of manly feeling,
pure sympathies, and an houorable temper. In many of the pas-
sages there is a quiet and almost unconscious humour, which
reminds us of the delicate raillery of the Spectator. The stj le is
delightfully free from every thing bookish and commonplace. It
is natural, familiar, and idiomatic. It approaches, as a work of
that kind ought to do, the animation, variety, and ease of spoken
language." — It. W. Griswold : Prose Wriicrs of America, '^ih ed.,
Phila., 1852.
See South. Rev., x. 85; Democratic Rev., (by H. T.
Tuckerman,) cxvii. 203 ; Lon. Athenseum, 1845, 957-60.
3. The Alps and the Rhine; a Series of Sketches, 1845,
12mo.
"In a former number of this journal (Ath., No, 936) we cha-
racterized Mr. Headley's Letters from Italy as ' teeming with ego-
tism, somewhat meagre in detail, and ambitious in execution.'
We find the Alpsaud the Rhine yet more open to such a criticism."
— Lon. AthentFum, 1846, 291.
" That it i.s a pleasant miscellaneous tour is all that can be said
about it."— ion. Literary Gazette, Is-iG, 379.
4. Napoleon and his Marshals, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo.
" He has taken the subject up with ardour, but with little pre-
vious preparation : the work, therefore, indicates imperfect infor-
mation, immature views of character, and unconsidered opinions.
The style has the same melodramatic exaggeration which the
whole design of the work exhibits. Yet unquestionably there is
power manifested even in the faults of these briUiant sketches." —
R. W. Griswolu: ubi strpra.
See reviews by W. B. 0. Peabody, Chris. Exam., xlii.
174; by W. T. Bacon, New Englander, iv. 364; by G. H.
ColtoD, Amer. Whig Rev., iii. 5^7; iv. 86.
HEA
5. The Sacrod Mountains, 181G, Svo and :2mo. Sec
Griswold's Prose Writers of America; Poe's Literati.
6. Washington and his Generals, 1S47. 2 vols. 12mo. See
South. Lit. Moss., .xiii. 316 ; Amor. Whig Rov., (by G. H.
Colton.) V. 517, 638. 7. Life of Oliver Cromwell, 1848,
12mo. See Democratic Rev., xxii. 333. 8. Sacred Scenes
and Characters, 1849, Svo and 12mo. 9. The Adirondack ;
or, Life in the Woods, 1849. In this worli Mr. Headley
relates his explorations in the Ailirond.aclt region of the
State of Now York. See Lon. Atheua.'um. 1849, 83.3-34.
10. Sketches and Rambles, 1850, 12mo. 1 1. Miscellanies,
1850, 12mo. The authorized edit, is pub. by Scribncr.
12. The Old Guard of Napoleon, from Marengo to Water-
loo, 1S51, 12mo. This is based principally upon the his-
tory of Emile Marco de St. Hilaire. See Lon. Athonroum,
1852, 1117. 13. Lives of Winfiold Scott and Andrew
Jackson, 1852, 12mo. 14. Hist, of the Second War be-
tween England .and the United Stales, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo.
15. The Sacred Plains of the Biljle, 1S55, 12mo. This work
was written by J. II. Headley, an Englishman who died
in Buffalo in 185S. 16. Life of General Washington,
N. York, 1857. A uniform ed. of Mr. Ileadloy's Works, in
12 vols., was pub. previously to tlic a])pearance of several
of bis later productions. So great has been the demand
for his writings that the sale had reached 200,000 vols, up
to 1853. In addition to the criticisms above noticed, the
reader will find further remarks on Mr. Hcadlcy's writings
in Amcr. Whig Review, vol. ii. ; I\Ieth. Quar. Rev., viii.
84 ; and articles by E. 0. Dunning, in New Englander, v.
402 ; vi. 482.
Headley, Rev. Phineas Camp, b. at Walton,
Delaware county. New York, June 24, 1819, is a brother
of the preceding. 1. Historical and Descriptive Sketches
of the Women of the ISiljlo, Auburn, 1850, 12mo. 2. Life
of the Empress Josephine ; new ed., N. Y^ork, 1850, 12mo.
3. Life of Lafayette; new ed.. 1855, 12mo. 4. Life of
Louis Kossuth, Ac., Auburn, 1852, 12mo. 5. Life of Mary,
Queen of Scots, 5th ed., 1856, 12mo. Mr. He.adley h.as
been a contributor to the Christian Parlor M.ngazine, the
New York Observer, the New York Tribune, the Boston
Traveller, and other periodicals.
Heailrick, Kev. James. 1. Mineralogy, Agricul-
ture, Manufactures, Ac. of the Island of Arran, Edin.,
1807, Svo. 2. Agriculture of the County of Angus, or For-
farshire. Lon., 1807, (1813?) Svo.
"By ftir tbL' most soieulilic of the reports of the Scotch commit-
tees."— D'tiialdSf'tCs Aprtcitlt. JSing.
Headrick, John. Chymical Secrets, Lon., 1697, Svo.
Heald, W. M. Letter to Methodists, 1813.
Healde, Thomas, M.D. Profess, works, 1769-1805.
Heale, \Vm. An Apologie for Women, &c., Oxf.,
1609, 4to. This is an answer to Gager's iingallant posi-
tion— "That it was lawfull for Husband.s to beate their
Wives." We have already visited the miserable Gager
with deserved reprehension: see G.VGKn, Wm.
Healey, John. Discovery of a New World, Teuter-
belly. New Land, and Forliana, Lon., Svo. This is a
humorous version of Bishop Hall's Mundus Alter et Idem.
See Lowndes's Biljl. Man., 890.
Heap, Henry. Serm., Luke xxiii. 42, 43, Lon., 1829,
12mo.
Heard, F. F. 1. Duty of Justices of the Peace in
Criminal Prosecutions, by Daniel Davis ; 3d ed., revised
and greatly enlarged, Bost., Svo. 2. In conjunction with
Charles R. Train. Precedents of Indictments, Special Pleas,
&c., adapted to Amcr. Practice, with Notes, 1855, Svo. A
most valuable work. 3. In conjunction with Edmund
Hastings Bennett, A Selection of Leading Cases in Crimi-
nal Law, with Notes, vol. i., 1856, Svo, pp. 616. This work
should accompany Smith's Leading Cases, and Hare and
Wallace's American Leading Cases : see Hare, J. I. Clark,
and Wallace, Horace Binney.
Heard, Wni. Sentimental Journey to Bath, &c.; a
Descrip. Poem and Miscell. Pieces, Lon., 1778, 4to.
Hearn, Edward. On John xi. 48, Lon., 1844, sm.
Svo.
Hearn, Thomas, M.D. View of the Rise and Pro-
gress of Freedom in Modern Europe, Ac, Lon., 1793, Svo.
Hearn, Thomas. Garrison at Portsmouth, 1807.
Hearnc, Erasmus. The Antiquarian School; or.
The City Latin Electrified, Lon., 1761, fol.
Hearne or Heme, Samuel. Domus Carthusiana;
an Account of the Charter-House, Lon., 1677, Svo.
Hearne, Samuel, 1745-1792, a native of London,
for some years .a midshipman in the Royal Navy under
Lord Hood, on the conclusion of the war entered into the
service of the Hudson's Bay Company, which despatched
IIEA
him on an expedition to find out the North- West Passage.
The results of his explorations will be found in the follow-
ing work pub. after his decease : — Journey from the Prince
of Wales's Fort, in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean;
undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company* for
the Discovery of Copper-Mines, a North-West Passage, &o.,
in the years 1769, '70, '71, '12, Lon., 1795, 4to, pp. 458,
with plates.
"This viilunble work contains the account of the first European
who penetrated to the ocean iiurtli of Anierira." — Pinkebton.
" It is impossible to read it without tVelin^ a deep interest and
without reflecting ou and cherishing the inestimable blessings of
civilized society." — Xo;i. Month. Rev.
Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735, an eminent antiquary,
a native of White-Waltham, Berkshire, educated attfd-
mund Hall, Oxford, Assistant Librarian of the Bodleian
Library, compiled and edited forty-one works, which he
enriched to a greater or less extent by his annotations.
Among the best-known of his publications, which were
principally pub. by subscription at Oxford, are — 1. Ductor
Historicus ; or, a Short System of Universal History, 1 704,
2 vols. Svo; 2d ed. of voL i., 1705, Svo; 1714, 2 vols. Svo;
1724, 2 vols. Svo. Best ed. A good work in its day, but
now superseded. 2. Reliquia) Bodleianse, 1703, Svo.
3. Livy, 1708, 6 vols. Svo, 4. Spelman's Life of Alfred
the Great, 1709, Svo. 5. Leland's Itinerary, 1710-12, 9
vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1744-45, 9 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 170S-70,
9 vols. 8vo. 6. Leland's Collectanea, 1715, 6 vols. Svo.
Editio altera, &q., 1770 vel 1774, 6 vols. Svo. 7. Acta
Apostolorum, 1715, Svo. See Home's Introduc. to the
Scriptures. S. Titi Livii Foro-Juliensis Vita Henrici
Quinti, Regis Anglian 1710, Svo. 9. Aluredi Bevarlacensis
Annales, 1716, Svo. 10. Gulielmi Koperi Vita D. Thomas
Mori Equitus Aurati. 1710, Svo. 11. Gulielmi Camdeni
Annales Rerura Anglicarum et Hibernicarum Regnante
Elizabetha, 1717, 3 vols. Svo. 12. Gulielmi Neubrigensis
Historia, 1719, 3 vols. Svo. 13. Thomce Sprotti Chronica,
1719, Svo. 14. A Collect, of Curious Discourses written
by Eminent Antiquaries upon English Antiq., 1720, Svo;
1765, 2 vols. Svo; 1773, 2 vols. Svo. This edition has all
the Dissertations contained in the original work, with the
addition of a complete collection of the discourses delivered
by the founders of the Antiquarian Society. Newed., 1829,
2 vols. Svo. This collection contains discourses on the An-
cient Britons, Etymology, Duelling, Money, Epitaphs, &c.
15. Textus Roffensis, 1720, Svo. 16. Roberti de Avesbury
Historia de Mirabilibus Gestis Edwardi III., 1720, Svu.
17. Johannis de Fordun Scotichronicon Genuinum, 1722,
5 vols. Svo. IS. Hist, and Antiq. of Glastonbury, 1722,
Svo. 19. Hemingi Chartularium Ecclesice Wigormensis,
1723, 2 vols. Svo. 20. Pvobert of Gloucester's Chronicle,
1724, 2 vols. Svo; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 21. Peter Langtoft's
Chronicle, 1725, 2 vols. Svo; ISIO, 2 vols. Svo. Mr. Bag-
ster reprinted the two last-named works, and had intended
to issue a uniform ed. of Hearne's publications ; but the
project lacked encouragement. 22. Liber Niger Scaccarii,
1728, 2 vols. Svo; 1774, 2 vols. Svo.
*'The Black Book of the Exchequer, a thing of great note and
curiosity, and the most authentic on record of its kind that we
have for our timilies, nest to Domesday Book."— jHearne to Rich-
ardson.
23. Thomaj Caii VindicisD Antiquitatis Academiaj Oxon-
iensis, 1730, &c., 1730, 2 vols. Svo. 24. A Vindic. of those
who took the Oath of Allegiance to King William, 1731, Svo.
Hearne afterwards became a Noujuror, and this treatise
was published by the opposite party in his lifetime. The
preface contains a satirical biography of him. The address
to the reader contains some interesting memorials of
Hearne, and bibliographical notices of his works.
In 1737, r. fol., Mr. West had printed, for presents, 50
copies of Ectypa varia ad Historiam Britannicam illus-
trandum, a?re olim insculpta studio et cura Thomce Hearne.
Bindley's copy of this work was sold for £11 ll.«. Miuiy
of Hearne's publications come under our notice iu ou^
accounts of their respective authors. For further infor-
mation concerning this eminent antiquary, see Impartial
Memorials of the Life and Writings of Thomas Hearne,
M. A., by several Hands, Lon., 1736, Svo ; Lives of Lelaud,
Hearne, and Wood, Oxf., 1772, 2 vols. r. Svo ; Biog. Brit. ;
Dibdin's bibliographical publications; Letters by Eminent
Persons; Gough'sErit. Topog. ; Nichols'sLit. Ancc. ; Oldys's
Brit. Lib.: Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Gent. Mag., Ivii., Iviii.,
Ixix.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Bliss, Puilip, D.D., D.C.L.
In some comments upon the investigations into ancieot
English historical treasures. Gibbon remarks:
" The last who has dug deep into the mine was Thomas Uearna,
a clerk of Oxford, poor in fortuue, and, indeed, poor in und(.'r.stiind-
ing. His minute and obscure diligence, his voiacious and undis-
tiuguisjhiog appetite, and the coarse vulgarity of his taste aud
813
IlEA
style, have exposed him to the ridicule of idle wits. Yet it cannot
be' denied that Thomas Heai-ne has gathered many cleanings of
the harvest; and, if his own prefaces are filled witli crude and
extraneous matter, bis editions ivill always be recommended by
their accuracy and use."— An Address^ etc. : Miscell. }\'<jrk-s, ed. 1837,
837.
Among the " idle wits" who made Hearne the " butt of
their clumsy ridicule," the most famous is Pope, who ho-
nours Thomas with a place in the Dunciad:
"But who is he, in closet close ypent.
Of solder face, with learned dust besprent'r
l{i;;ht well mine eyes arede the myster wi^ht.
On parchment scraps v-fed and Wormics hight."
Sec Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 326-336.
Hearne, Urban, M.D. Lake Wetter; Phil. Trans.,
1706.
Heart, Major Jonathan. Observ. on the Ancient
Works of Art, the Native Inhabitants. &c,. of the Western
Country; Trans. Amer. Soc, vol. iii. 214.
Heartwell, Henry. The Prisoner; a Comic Opera,
from the French, Lon., 1799, 8vo. Sec Biog. Dramat.
Heasel, Anthony. Servants' Book, Lon., 1773, 8vo.
Heath, Benjamin, d. 1766, Recorder of Exeter. 1.
Divine Existence. Unity, and Attributes, 1740. 2. Nota;
sive Lectiones ad Tragicorum Gr.-coorum veterum ^sohyli,
Ac, 1752, '62, '64, 4to. The principal object of this es-
teemed work is to restore the metre of the Greek Tragic
Poets. 3. Excise-Duty on Cyder and Perry, 1763, 4to. 4.
A Revival of Shakespeare's Text, 1765, Svo. 5. Heath
and Stoddart's Shakespeare, 1807, 6vols. 4to. See Nichols's
Lit. Anec. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Heath, Charles. 1. Descrip. Accounts of Persfield
and Chepstow, Monmouth, 1793, Svo. 2. Tintern Abbey,
1793, 1806, Svo. 3. Ragland Castle, 1801, '06, Svo. 4.
Hist, of Monmouth, 1804, Svo. 5. Excursion down the
Wye, ISOS, Svo.
Heath, Charles, d. 1848, gained great reputation by
his Books of Beauty and other annuals, the Caricature
Scrap-Book, Shakspeare Gallery, Waverley Gallery, and
many series of .splendid engr.avings. See Southey's Life
and Correspondence; Lon. Athcnajum, Nov. 25, 1848.
Heath, D. J., Vicar of Brading. Isle of Wight. 1.
Scottish and Italian Missions to the Anglo-Saxons, Lon.,
1S45, r. Svo. 2. The Future Human Kingdom of Christ,
1852-53, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Exodus Papyri, with Chronolo-
gical Introduction by Miss F. Corbanx. 1855, Svo.
Heath, Douglass i). See Ellis, R. Leslie.
Heath, Rev. George. Hist, of Bristol, 1797, Svo.
Heath, J. Trans, of P. Du Moulin's troisiesme livre
de I'Accomplissement des ProphSties, Oxon., 1613, Svo.
Heath, James, 1629-1664, a native of London, edu-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford. 1. A Brief Chronicle of
the late Intestine War in the three Kingdoms of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, Lon., 1661, Svo. Afterwards en-
larged and completed from 1637 to 1663. 4 Pts., 1633, in
a thick Svo vol. With a continuation from 1663 to 1675,
by John Phillips, Milton's nephew, 1675, fol. Another
ed., continued to 1691, fol. Heath's Chronicle is princi-
pally valued for its portraits, and copies have been sold
at very high prices. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 898-899.
The work gave great offence to the High Church party in
England. Wood thus expresses his indignation :
'' Some copies have in them the pictures of the most eminent
soldiers la the said war, which makes the book valued the more
by some novices. [Unkind cut at the Grangerites!] But this
Cltrouide being mostly compiled from lying pamphlets and all sorts
of news-books, there are innumerable eiTors therein, especially as to
name and time, things chiefly required in history." — Athm. Oxon.
"James Heath, whose wretchedly-printed, but by no means
wholly useless, performance, seems to have been put forth rather
as a vehicle for cuts of the sorriest possil;ile description." — Dibdin's
JAb. C\mip.
2. Elegy upon Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661. 3. Restoration
of Charles IL, 1662, Svo. 4. Elegy on Dr. Sanderson,
Bishop of Lincoln, 1662. 5. Flagellum ; or. The Life
and Death, Birth and Burial, of Oliver Cromwell, the late
'Usurper, 1063, Svo; 3d ed., 1665, Svo ; 4th ed., 1669, Svo.
Also in 1672, Svo, and in 1679, Svo. 6. English Martyrs
and Confessors, 1663, 12mo. 7. Survey of the United
Netherlands, Ac, 12mo.
" lie was a good school-scholar, had a command of his Eng. and
Lat. pen, but wanted a head for a chronologer, and was esteemed
by some as a tolerable poet." — Athe.n. Oxon.
See also Letters by Eminent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. Svo.
8. England's Chronicle ; or, the Reigns of the Kings and
Queens to the present Reign of King William and Queen
Mary, 1691, Svo.
lieath, John, Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., b. 1688, at
Stalls, Somersetshire. Two Centuries of Epigrammes,
Lon., 1610, 12mo. Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1426, £2 9».;
Bindley, Pt. 2, 460, £9 9».
8U
; a fair view of the importance
UEB
Heath, John. Trans, from the French of Bonde-
loque's System of Midwifery, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. Svo.
Heath, Nicholas. Speech, when Lord-Chancellor
in 1565, on .account of the Supremacy, 168S, Svo. See
Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, &o.
'Heath, Itobert. Clarestella; together with Poems,
occasional Elegies, Epigrams, Satyrs, Lon., 1660, 12mo.
Bindley, Pt 2, 449, £3 3«. ; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 361, £4.
"Nothing can be more low or ludicrous than the most of tho
occasion.s which Heath thought worthy of being celebrated in song,
provided they happened to his mistress. Clarastella could not lose
her black fan, get a cold, or get dust in her eye, but Mr. Heath was
straight at her feet with a copy of verses in his hand."— iWro-
jyeciiM Bm., 1820, ii. 227-238, (j.v.
Heath, Sir Robert. Maxims and Rules of Pleading
in Actions, Lon., 1694, Svo. The best eds. are by Timothy
Cunningham, 1771, '94, 4to.
Heath, Robert. 1. Account of the Islands of Scilly
and Cornwall. Lon., 1749, Svo. Reprinted in Pinkerton's
Voyages and Travels, vol. ii.
"An honest detail of facts, giving
of these Islands to England."
2. Astronomia Aceurata, 1760, 4to.
Heath, Thomas. Stenography, Lon., 1664, Svo.
Heath, Thomas, of Exeter, brother of Benjamin
Heath, (see ante.) An Essay towards a new English Version
of the Book of Job, from the Hebrew, with a Comment.,
Ac, Lon., 1756, 4to.
" This is one of the numerous productions caused or occasioned
by the Warburton controversy. ... It is, on the whole, a respect-
able performance, though the' hypothesis respecting its [the Book
of Job'sJ age and author, and so'me of the sentiments, will not be
genenally adopted."— Orinc's I>iU. Bid., ij. 11.
"It is but justice to this new Essay upon Job, to observe tliat
the translation is in many places very different from that in com-
mon use ; and th.at. in the notes, there are many observations en-
tirely new, — all of them ingenious, and many of them true." — Lon.
Month. Sev.. 0. S., xiv. 156.
Heath, William, 1737-1814, a native of Roxbury,
Mass., was a major-general in the American Revolutionary
army. Memoirs, containing Anecdotes, Details of Skir-
mishes, Battles, and other Military Events, during the Ame-
rican War, Best., 1798, Svo.
Heathcoat, Robert. Poems, 1813, 12mo.
Heathcot, Thomas, 1. Lunar Eclipse, Aug. 19,
1681 ; Phil. Trans., 1682. 2. Tide on the Coast of Guinea,
&c. ; Phil. Trans., 16S4.
Heathcote. Letter to the Lord-Mayor, 1762, Svo.
Hcathcote, Charles. Corporation and Test Acts,
1794.
Heathcote, Ralph, D.D., 1721-1795, a native of
Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicestershire, educated at Jesus Coll.,
Camb. ; Vicar of Barkby, Leicestershire, 1748; Assistant
Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1753; Vicar of Sileby, 1765;
Rector of Sawtry-all-Saints, 1766; Preb. of Southwell,
1768. 1. Historia Astronomia, Camb., 1746, '47, Svo. 2.
Cursory Animadversions upon the Middletonian Contro-
versy in General, 1752. 3. Remarks upon Dr. Chapman's
Charge, 1752. 4. Letter to Rev. T. Fothergill, 1753. 5.
Sketch of Lord Bolingbroke's Philosophy, 1756, Svo. 6.
Reason in Religion, 1756, Svo. 7. Defence of ditto, 1766,
Svo. 8. Serm., 1757, Svo. 9. Concio Academica, 1759,
4to. 10. Discourse on the Being of God, against Atheists ;
in two Serms., 1763, 4to. Two eds. These two are all of
Heathcote's 24 Boyle Serms. (1763-64) which he pub. 11.
Lett, to Horace Walpole, 1767, 12mo. 12. Irenarch; or,
Justice of the Peace's Manual, 1771, '74, '81, Svo. 13. Elec-
tion for Leicester, 1775. 14. In conjunction with John
Nichols, A New Edition of the Biographical Dictionary,
1784, 12 vols. Svo. He contributed some articles to this
work, .and some to the first ed. of the Biog. Diet.
Heiithfield, Richard, pub. two tracts on the Na-
tional Debt of Great Britain and Ireland. Lon., 1820, both
Svo ; for an account of which see McCiiUoch's Lit. of Polit.
Econ., 337 ; Blackwood's Mag., vi. 441.
Heaton, William. The Old Soldier, Tho Wandering
Lover, and other Poems; together with a Sketch of the
Author's Life, Lon., 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1S68, Pt. 2, 226.
Hebbes, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1802, Svo. Posth.
Hcbdon, Returne. Guide to the Godly, 1648, 12mo.
Heber, Reginald, 1728-1804, a native of Marton,
Yorkshire, Fellow of Brasenose College, Rector of Hodnet.
1 An Elegy written among the Tombs in Westminster
Abbey, 1762. Printed in Dodsley's Poems. 2. Verses to
King George IIL on his Accession. Among the Oxford
H^ber, Reginald, D.D., April 21, 17S3-April 3,
1826, son of the preceding, was a native of Malpas, Che-
shire, and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where
he distinguished himself by his Latin Poem, Carmen Se-
HEB
HEB
culare, his English poem of Palestine, and a prose essay ]
of great merit, entitled The Sense of Honour. After leav-
ing college, he travelled fnr some time in Germany, Kussia,
the Crimea, etc., and, on his return, was in 1807 admitted
to holy orders, and subsequently received the family living
of Hodnet. In 1S09 he was married to Amelia, daughter
of Dr. Shipley, Dean of St. Asaph. In 1S22 he was elected
to the office of Preacher to Lincoln's Inn, and in the next
year he succeeded Dr. Middleton in the Bishopric of Cal-
cutta. In this vast diocese he laboured with great zeal
and success, until cut off by an apuplectic fit whilst bath-
ing, April .3, 1S26, in his 43d year. lie was a man of
extensive learning, great elegance of taste, untiring energy,
and profound piety. As a poet, his Palestine, and his
translations from Pindar, deservedly place him in a high
rank; his Biblical attainments were evinced by his con-
templated Bible Dictionary, many articles of which had
been long prepared at the time of his death ; his powers
of description are admirably manifested in his Journal of
a Tour in India; and his Life of Bishop Taylor, an ex-
cellent edition of his works, prove his qualifications as a
biographer and an editor. 1. Palestine; a Poem: to
which is added The Passage of the Red Sea ; a Fragment,
1809, 4to. Frequently reprinted. Palestine gained an
Oxford Prize in 1802, when the author was but nineteen
years of age.
" Such a poem, composed at such an a^e, has indeed some, but
not many, parallels in our language. Its copinus diction, its per-
fect numbers, its images so well chosL-n. diversified so happily, and
treated with so much discretion and j;ood taste, aud, above all, the
ample knowledge of Scripture, and of writings illustrative of
Scripture, displayed in it, — all these things might have seemed to
bespeak the work of a man ' who had been long chusing and be-
gun l3t^?,' rather than of a stripling of nineteen." — Lon. Quar.
Sev., XXXV. 451.
" It is the fashion to undervalue Oxford and Cambridge Prize
Poems; but it is a stupid fashion. Many of tbem are most beau-
tiful. Heber's Palestine \ A flight, as upon Angel's wing, over the
Holy Land! IIow fine the openiug!
" ' Reft of thy sons! amid thy foes forlorn,
Mourn, \Yidow'd Queen! fjrgotten Zion, mourn.'"
CnniSTOPHER North : Nodes Ambros., No. 22.
" Fine as some of these [Oxford] prize poems have unquestion-
ably been, mnre especially Porteus's Death, Glynn's Day of Judg-
ment, Grant's Restoration of Learning, and \\'rangham's Holy
Land^ still, it is doubtful whether HeViL^r has l>een eijualled tither
by any preceding or succeeding competitor. It is admirably sus-
tained throughout ; and indeed the passages relating to the build-
ing of the Temple, and to the scenes on Calvary, pass from the
magnificent almost into the sublime." — D. M. Sloia: Poet. Lit. of
the Past Half-Ckntury.
On the other hand, Mr. Southey considers Palestine to
have elicited more laudation than it can justly claim :
"As a poet he could not have supported the rejiutation which
his Palestine obtained, for it was greatly above its deserts, and the
character of the poem, moreover, was not hopeful ; it was too nicely
fitted to the taste of the age. Poetry should have its lights and
shades, like painting ; like music, its sink and swell, its relief and
its repose. So far as the piece was intended for success In a com-
petition for a prize, aud for effect in public recitation, it was cer-
tainly judiciously done to make every line tell upon the ear. But
to all such poetry the motto under one of Quarles's Emblems may
he applied : — ' Tiniiit, inane est.' " — Letter to Henry Taylor, July 10,
1830 : SoiitJiey's Life and Ch)-resp.
See an article in Amer. Quar. Rev., iv. 271.
2. Europe : Lines on the Present War, 1809, Svo. Re-
printed, with Palestine, The Passage of the Red Sea,
translatiuns from Pindar, and some miscellaneous verses,
in 1812, sm. 8vo. Of Ileber's Poetical "Works there have
been a number of eds., and several within the last fow
years; 5th ed., Lon., 1855, fp. Svo.
"Although more vigorous and elaborate, it [Europe] wants the
freshness and the salient points of his earlier one [Palestine]; and,
although not derogatory to, did not enhance, his reputation." —
B. M. MoiR : uhi supra.
3. The Personality and OflBce of the Christian Comforter
asserted and explained : Serms. at the Bampton Lectures,
1815, Svo, 1816: 2d ed., 1818, Svo. Included are two
Lectures on the Inspiration of the New Te.stament.
" Very learned, but not so experimental and devutional as might
have been wished. There are beautiful views of the subject, com-
bined with some speculative and fanciful notions." — BickersteUCs
airis. Siu.
"We venture to assure those readers who form their anticipa-
tions of the meritof this production from the established character
of the author of Palestine, that they will not be disappointed in
the actual perusal." — Lon. Qiiar. Rev., xvii. 33S--'>47.
4. Hymns written and adapted to the Weekly Church
Service of the Year, principally by Bishop Ileber, 1827.
Fifty-eight by the Bishop ; several by the llev. II. BT. Mil-
man ; the others by Bishop Ken, Bishop Taylor, Watts,
Pope, Cowper, Addison, Tate, Brady, Sir Walter Scott,
&c. ; 11th ed., 1842, 18mo.
"These Hymns have been by far the most popular of his pro-
ductions, and deservedly so; for in purity and elevation of senli-
ment, in simple pathos, and in eloquent earnestness, it would be
diflRcult to find any thing superior to them in the range of lyric
poetry. They have the home truth of Watts, but rank much
higher, as literary compositions, than the Moral and Divine Songs
of that great lieuefa.-tor of youth; and all the devotion of Wesley
or Keble, without their languor and diffuse verbosity. Ileber
always writes like a Chri*;tian scholar, and never finds it necessary
to lower his tone on account of his subject." — D. M. MoiR: uSi
supra.
■' The hymns thus given to the world will help to dissipate that
delusion which hangs, like a cold spell, over many minds of much
feeling and under. standing. — th:it not much is to be expected from
a poetical vein applied to religious subjects." — Blaclnvood's Mag.,
xxii. 617-633.
See article entitled " Psalmody," in Lon. Quar. Rev.,
xxxviii. 16-53.
5. Sermons Preached in England, 1S29, Svo. 6. Sermons
Preached in India, 1829, Svo. 7. Parish Sermons : on the
Lessons, the Gospel, or the Epistle, for every Sunday in
the Year and for Week-day Festivals, preached in the
Parish Church of Hodnet, Salop, 1837, 3 vols. Svo ; 5th
ed., 1844, 2 vols. Svo.
" I believe that these Sermons will .idd a new interest and lustre
to the name of Reirinald Ileber, and will awaken a fresh regret
for his loss."— Sir Robert Inglis's Pref'tce.
" Ue was a man of great reading, and in his Bampton Lectures
has treated a most important pari of the Christian faith with great
learning and ability. His other published sermons are such that
I am not surprised my brother Tlenry should think him the most
impressive preacher he ever he;ird." — Robert Southry's Letter to
Henry Taylor, July 10, 1S30: Si-uthey''s Life and Corre-'^p.
See an article by P. W. P. Greenwood, in Chris. Exam.,
vii. 212; and one in Southern Rev., iv. 241.
8. A Journey through India, from Calcutta to Bombay,
with Notes upon Ceylon, and a Journey to Madras and tho
Southern Provinces, 1828, 2 vols. 4to ; 1828, 3 vols. Svo;
1844, 2 vols. 12mo. Sold for Mrs. Ileber by Sir Robert
Inglis for £5000.
"This is another book for Englishmen to be proud of. . . . He
surveys every thing with the vigilance and delight of a cultiv.ated
and most active intellect, — with the eye of an artist, an antiquary,
and a naturalist, — the feelings and judgment of an English gentle-
man and scholar. — the sympathies of a most humane and gene-
rous man, — and the piety, ch.avity, and humility of a Christian.
Independently of its moral attraction, we are indiiced to think it,
on the whole, the most instructiveand important publication that
has ever been given to the world on the actual state and condition
of our Indian Empire." — Lord Jeffre? : luiin. Rev., xlviii. 312-335.
" It forms a monument of talent, sufficient, single and alone, to
establish its author in a very high rank of English literature. It
is one of the most delightful books in the language; and will, we
cannot doubt, command popularity as extensive and lasting r.s
any book of travels that has been printed in our time. Certainly
no work of its class that has appeared since Dr. Clarke's can be
compared to it for variety of interesting matter, still less for ele-
gance of execution. . . . Repossessed the eye of a painter and the
pen of a poet; a mind richly stored with the literature of Europe,
both ancient aud modern." — Lon. (^fuar. Rev., xssvii. 100-147.
"One of the most perfectly charming books of travel we ever
read; gentle, tolerant, humane, and full of wisdom; a religious
book in the best sense of the word, because full of charity. It is
lively without effort, and abounds in valuable judgments of men
and things, without one harsh, sarcastic or illiberal word. We
envy those who have it now in their power to read for the first
time Bishop Heber's Indian Journal." — Lon. Examiner.
"Delightful contributions, full of benevolent feeling, simple,
beautiful delineations, and varied and gratifying details of official
labours." — Lon. Evafigelical Mag.
"• Uas all the charm of romance with the sterling value nf truth.
It is cminL-ntly the most Christian — because the most charitable
and tolerant— ^ work of the kind ever written. Residents in India
have repeatedly borne testimony to the fidelity of its notices of
men and things." — Oxford Herald.
"Bishop Ileber's charming Indi.an Journal." — Camb. Chronicle.
Seo Blackwood's Mag., xxii. 789; xxsiii. 785; British
Critic, iv. 200. The reader should add to Heber's Indian
Journal, Letters from Madras in 183G,or First Impressions
of Life and Manners in India, by a Lady, Lon., 1846, or. Svo.
9. The Whole Works of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, with a
Life of the Author, and a Critical Examination of his
Writings, 1822, 15 vols. Svo; 1828, 15 vols. Svo; 1839, 15
vols. Svo. Revised by Charles Page Eden, 1S47-54, 10
vols. Svo. Heber's Life of Bishop Taylor has been sepa-
rately pub,, 1S24, 2 vols. Svo; 1S2S, Svo.
'■ A charming and instructive piece of biography. . . . Written
with all the glowof poetical feeling, and all the elegance of refined
scholarship."— Dr. Dibdin : Lib. Comp. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxv.
455.
10. Bishop Heber's Life, by his Widow; with his Corre-
spondence with Eminent Literary Characters, Miscella-
neous Papers and Poems, and an Account of his Travels
in Russia, Norway, &c., 1830, 2 vols. 4to. With this work
must be perused The Last Days of Bishop Heber, by
Thomas Robinson, A.M., Archdeacon of Madras, and lato
Domestic Chaplain to his Lordship, 1830, Svo. The two
works are reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xliii. 366—411 ;
Edin. Rev., lii. 431-471 ; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxii. 517-
529. See also British Critic, viii. 438; Eraser's Mag., ii.
121 ; article by R. Robins in the Chris. Quar. Spec, iii, 227 ;
gl5
HEB
IIEC
Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1S2G ; Essays on the Lives of Cow- | The cost of this .mmeno stock ,,f hooks and manuscnpt
per, Newton, and Ilcber; or, an E.'.amination of the Course may be ^^'^'^'f '^''^''""'•^^^"'"""■rf'rf ™ ^
of Nature being interrupts! by the Divine Government, and this without any estmiate for the loss^of inlereston
1830, Svo; JamieSHju's Cyc. of Religious Biography; the investment.
After Hcber's death, the bool;s in Eng-
poeticai p
will be found in Blackwood'
extracts from Ueber's MS. Journal while travelling
Northern countries of Europe were incorporated by Dr.
E. D. Clarke into his travels in Germany, Russia, Ac. Nor
should we omit to mention that Ilcbcr was one of the con-
tributors to the London Quarterly Review. Heber de-
signed writing a work on Scylhia; but clerical duties
prevented the completion of this project.
The character of this estimable man has been drawn in
such eloquent language by a late emiaent critic, that we
cannot do better th.an quote his glowing tribute,— equally
honour.able to himself and to the subject of his eulogy:
"LBarned, pnlLshud. and dignified, he was undmibtedly; yet far
moreconisnicunuslv kind, bumble, tolerant, and laborious l— zeal-
ous for his church too. and not foij;ettul of his station ; but re-
memberiuK it more for the duties than for the honours that were
attached to it. and infinitely more zcilous for the religious im-
provement, and for the happiness and spiritual and worldly good
of his fi-llow-creatures of every tongue, faith and complexion ;— in-
dulgent to all errors and infirmities;— liberal, in the best and
truest sense of the word;— humble, and cnnscientiously diffident
of his own excellent judgment and never-tailiug charity ;— looking
on all men .as the children of one God, on all Chiistians .hs the
redeemed of one Saviour, and on all Christian teachurs as fillow-
Kabourers. bound to help and encourage each other in their arduous
and anxious tasl!."- LoRn Jeffrey: Eilirt. Rtv., xlviii. 314.
Heber, Richard, M.P., 1773-1S3.3, half-brother to
the preceding, who was by his father's second wife, was
also educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where ho w.as
distinguished for his classical attainments. No other ey'
denee of Ibis assertion is needed th.an his edition of Silius
Italicus, (1792, 2 vols. 12mo,) pub. when he was a youth
of nineteen, and his Claudiani Carmina. printed (but not
pub.) in 1793, 2 vols. 12mo. The latter was not entirely
completed by Ilcber; but the last five leaves of the second
vol., with the title and address, were supjilied by the late
Rev. Uenry Drury, and recently the work has been put
in the market. Mr. Ileber's original design was to issue
edits, of such of the Latin poets as were not printed in
Barbour's collection. The abatement of his classical zeal
— so far at least as regards this congenial project — is not
a little surprising. Mr. Heber also pub. an edit, of Brews-
ter's trans, of Persius, with the Latin text, and superin-
tended the publication of the 3d edit, of Ellis's specimens
of the English Poets. From 1S21 to 1826 he represented
the University of Oxford in Parliament.
Hero perhaps we might pass on to the next article with-
out censure, so far as the general reader is concerned; but
what Bibliomaniac would forgive us did we omit to pay
a passing tribute to Richard Heber as the most voracious
Helliio Librorum in the .annals of bibliography ? The
passion of book-collecting first developed itself in Richard
Heber when he was but a child, and it "grew with his
growth and strengthened with his strength." As library
after library was dispersed uniler the hammer, Heber added
their choicest treasures to his own enormous collection,
until he could call himself master of many of the coveted
tomes which had once graced the shelves of Dr. Farmer,
Isaac Reed, J. Brand, George Steevens, the Duke of Rox-
burghe, James Bindley, Benj. Heath, J. Perry, G. Wake-
field, J. Kemble, E. Malone, R. Wilbraham, J. Dent, Dr.
Gosset, Sir M. M. Sykes, and many others.
" On hearing of a curious book, he has been known to put him-
self into the mail-coach, and travel three, fjur, or five hundred
miles to obtain it. feaiful In entrust his commission to a letter."
Thus did the indefatigable Heber add book to book, and
manuscript to manuscript, until, one day, Death— that re-
morseless disperser of libraries — summoned the owner of
this vast collection of literary wealth; and Richard Heber
fell "in the harness," still striving after "rare copies" and
" early editions." The inventory of his treasures is thus
briefly told:
" Some years ago he built a new library at his house at Hodnet,
which is said to be full. His residence in rimlico, where he died,
is filled, like Magliabecchi's at Florence, with books from the top to
the bottom:— every chair, every fable, every passage containing
piles of erudition. He had another house in York-street, leading
lo Great James-street, Westminster, laden from the ground-floor
to the garret with curious booUs. lie had a library in the Iligh-
street, O.xford, an immense library at Paris, another at Antwerp,
another at Brussels, another at Ghent, and at other places in the
Low Countries and in Germany. In short, there is neither end
nor measure to his hterary stores." — Obituary notice in Gent. Mag.,
Jm. 1834.
US
's Mas lulv 1S43. Many Holland and subsequently sold by Wheatley in London,
mrnal while travelling in the the books in Paris, and elsewhere on the Continent, and
the MSS., coins, and drawings sold in London, produced a
net result of £10,000 additional, we have aggregate re-
ceipts of £05,000 against £180,000 expenditure, or a loss
of about h.alf a million of dollars, exclusive of interest !
Hero indeed we have the development of the Biblioma-
nia in its most furious type. What an amount of ignorance
might have been enlightened, vice reformed, sorrow com-
forted, and misery gladdened, by the judicious application
o£ this vast sum ! The collecting of books to a certain
extent is laudable, and to be encouraged ; but such enor-
mous private accumulations tend rather to lock up know-
ledge than to diffuse it.
Dr. Dibdin estimates Heber's collections in England to
have contained about 105,000 vols. ; but, not satisfied with
a loose estimate, we — some years before we fell into this
habit of writing Dictionaries — made a careful computation,
and find the result to be as follows :
Books in collections in England, vols, about 113,195
Brought from Holland 8,632
Boulard's Library, purchased by Heber in Paris 30,000
146.827
To this number is to be added a large quantity of
pamphlets, bound and unbound. The number of the
! days consumed by the London sale was no less than 216.
.'" I How many more books Mr. Heber possessed in various
' '" parts of Europe, at the time of his death, we have no
means of knowing ; but the volumes already enumerated
exceed by about filty per cent, the contents of the largest
library in America.
Much more we might discourse of Richard Heber, — the
famous Atticus of Dibdin's Bibliomania. — the beloved
friend of Scott, who has immortalized him in the Intro-
duction to M.lrmion, — the generous lender of scarce
volumes to needy scholars and black-letter editors ; but
respecting these matters we must refer the reader to Dib-
din's Decameron, Bibliomania, Library Companion, Ac;
Gentleman's Magazine, January, 1834; Southey's Life
and Correspondence; Lockhart's Life of Scott; and see
DiBDiN, Thomas Frogsall, D.D. ; Ferriar, Joh.i, M.D.
Heberden, Thomas, M.D., Ph.vsician at Madeira.
Con. on nat. phibis., astronomy, Ac. to Phil. Trans., 1751,
'65, '67, '70 ; on the Eleph.antinis, to Med. Trans., 1768.
Heberden, William, M.D., 1710-1801, an eminent
English physician, a native of London, educated at St.
John's Coll., Cainb., practised first at Edinburgh, and sub-
sequently, from 1746-1801, in London. In addition to his
Essay on Mithridatium and Theri.aca, (Lon., 1745, 8vo,) and
profess, papers in Phil. Trans., Med. Transac., and Med.
Obs. and Inq., (1750-85.) he left in MS. the following im-
portant work, pub. by his son : Commentarii do Morborum
Historia et Curationc, Lon., 1802, Svo. Also pub. in Eng-
lish, at the same time. Cura Soemmerring, Frank., 1804, 8vo.
A new ed. h:is recently been pub. in Phila. This valu.able
work contains 102 articles in alphabetical order, the results
of observations made at the bedsides of his patients. He
was a man of profound piety, and greatly esteemed by all
classes of men.
" Dr. Heberden was one of the best classical scholarsof his time,
and one of the most perfectly-instructed medical men Knglaud
has ever possessed.''- Da. JlcCoNXEcny.
Heberden, William, Jr., M.D., son of the preced-
ing. 1. The Plague, Ac, Lon., 1801. 8vo. An Examina-
tion of this work was pub. by Wm. Falconer, .M.D., Bath,
1802, 8vo. 2. Morborum Puerilium Epitome, Lon., 1804,
Svo. In English, by J. Smith, M.D., 1806, 12mo. In
English, by the author, 1807, 8vo. 3. Oratio Harveiana,
1809, 4to. 4. Con. to Med. Trans., 1813, '15.
Heck, Caspar John. Complete System of Harmony,
Lon., 4to.
Heckwclder, Rev. John, 1743-1810, a Moravian
missionary, a native of Bedford, England, laboured for
many years with great zeal among the Delaware Indians.
Ho was persuaded by Dr. Wistar to give the results of his
observations to the world. The following appeared in
Trans, of the Hist, and Literary Committee of the Amer.
Phil. Soc, Phila., vol. i. :
1. An Account of the History, Manners, and Customs
IIEC
HEL
of the Indian Nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania
and the neighbuuring States, pp. 3a0. This was trans,
into English by P. S. Duponeeau, and pub. at Paris, 1822,
Svo, pp. 571. 2. Correspondence bctwen Mr. Ileckwelder
and Mr. Duponceau on the Languages of the American
Indiaus, pp. 100. 3. Words, Phrases, and Short Dialogues
in the Language of the Lenni Lennpe, pp. If>. Mr. Heck-
welder also pub. (4.) A Narrative of the Mission of the
United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan In-
dians, from 1740 to ISOS, interspersed with Anecdotes,
Historical Facts, Speeches of Indians. Ac, 1820, 4to;
some papers in Barton's Medical Journal; and several on
natural history, in Trans. Amer. Soc, vols, iv., vi., and
xii. His account of the Indians excited considerable at-
tention, and was favourably received by Nathan Hale, in
the North American Review, ix. 155-178, and by J. Pick-
ering, in the same periodical, ix. 17U-1S7 ; it was unfavour-
ably noticed, with the admission of some merits, by General
Lewis Cass, in the same journal, xxii. 64; xxvi. 357-403.
It was also attacked by John Peuington, an intelligent
antiquary of Philadelphia, in a Beview of Yates and
Moulton's History of New York, pub. in the United States
Review, January, 1834. There also appeared upon this
subject A Vindication of the Rev. Mr. Ilcekwebler's His-
tory of the Indian Nations, by Wm. Rawle ; read at a
Meeting of the Council of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania, Feb. 15, 1826. Pub. in the Memoirs of the So-
ciety, vol. i. Pt. 2, This paper is noticed by General Cass
in his article in N. AnuT. Rev., xxvi. 357-403. As a spe-
cimen of the decided difference of opinion respecting
Heckwelder's History entertained by two of the eminent
authorities above cited, two brief extracts will suffice:
'■ The work abounds iu facts and anecdotes, calculated not
merely to entertain the reader, but to lay open, in the most au-
thentic aud satisfactory manner, the character and condition of
this people. There is uo other work extant, in which this desifin
has been so extensively adopted, or in which the object is so fully
accomplished. There is no work upon the North American In-
dians which can bear any comparison with it for the means of
o,)rrect information possessed by the author, or for the copiousness
of its details."— Nathan Hale:' N.Avier. liev., ix. 17S.
But audi alteram partem :
"His account is a pure unmixed panegyric. The most idle
traditions of the Indians with hiar become sober history; their
superstition is religion ; their indolence, philosophical indifference
or pious resignation ; their astonishing improvidence, hospitality ;
and many other defects in their character are converted into the
corresponding virtues. And Mr. Hawle is not the only respectable
writer who has been deceived by these partial representations.
No one can look upon the passing literature of the day without
being sensible of the efTer-t upon the public mind which has l>een
produced by this worthy old missionary." — General Lewis Cass:
i\'. Amf.r. Bev.. xxvj. 3Lii'>-3fJ7.
See also Amer. Jour, of Science, xxxi. 60 ; and the Life
of Heckwelder. liy E. Rondthaler. Phila., 1847, 12mo.
Heckford, Wm. 1. Characters, or, Historical Anec-
dotes of all the Kings and Queens of England, Lon.,
1789, 12mo. 2. Religions and Sects in the World, 1792.
Hedge, Frederick Henry, D.D., b. in Cambridge,
Mass., Dec. 5, 1805, is a son of the late Professor Levi
Hedge, of Harvard University. From 1818 to 1823 he
resided in Germany, engaged in his studies, graduated at
Cambridge in 1825. and was ordained in IS29. In 1835 he
assumed the pastoral charge of a church in Bangor, Maine.
In 1850 he became pastor of the Westminster Church in
Providence, Rhode Island, from whence in 1856 he removed
to Brookline, near Boston. In 1858 he was made Professor
of Ecclesiast. History in the Theological School connected
with Harvard University. At the same time ho assumed
the editorship of the Christian Examiner, one of the oldest
of American periodicals. Dr. Hedge is distinguished for his
intimate knowledge of the various schools of philosophy,
and has written many essays upon this attractive theme.
He has pub. numerous articles in the Christian Examiner,
ttc, poetical and prose contributions to annuals, sermons,
and discourses, and the following valuable work: Prose
Writers of Germany, illustrated with Eight Portraits,
Phila., 1848, r. Svo, pp. 567. In this hook Dr. Hedge gives
us extracts from twenty-eight authors, from Martin Luther
to Chamisso. The selections from each author are pre-
ceded by a sketch of his life, character, and writings.
The value of this compilation may be judged of from the
following commendation of an eminent authority :
"There is no book accessible to the English or American reader
which can furnish so comprehensive and symmetrical a view of
German literature to the uninitiated; and those already conver-
sant with some of the German classics will find here valuable and
edifying extracts from works to which very few in this country
can gain access." — A. V. Peabody: JV. Amer. Rev.. Ixvii. 404-485.
See also a review of the work, by Rev. W. 11. Furness,
in Chris, Exam., and one by D. R. Jac ues, in Hunt's
Mer. Mag., xix. 41. A review of one of Dr. Hedge's Dis-
courses, by George S. Hillard, will be found in Chris.
Exam., xvii. 1G9.
Dr. Hedge hns also given to the world A Christian
Liturgy fur the Use of the Church, Bost., 1856, 12mo.
Hedge, Levi, 1767-1843, a native of Warwick, Mass.,
father of the preceding, was from 1810 to 1827 Professor
of Logic and Metaphysics in Harvard University. A
System of Logic, 1818, 18mo. This work has passed
through several cds., and been trans, into German.
Hedgecock, Thomas. Longitude, 1815. fob
Hedgelniid, i>irs. Isabella, formerly Mrs. Kelly,
pub. several novels and poems, 17'J5-1813 ; a Child's French
Grammar, 1805 ; and Literary Information ; consisting of
Anecdotes, Explnniitions, and Derivations, 1811, 12mo.
Hedges, Sir Charles, LL.D., d. 1714. Admiralty
Jurisdiction, &c., 1692, 4to. Anon.
Hedges, Uev. John. A Descrip. of the Storm,
Aug. 1763, Lon., 1763, 4to.
Hedges, Phiueas. Strictures on the Elementa
Medicinai of Brown, Goshen, 1795, 12mo.
liedlamb, J, Expos, on the Romans, 1579, Svo.
Hedley, >Vm. Arithmetic, &c., 1779, 8vo.
Hedly, Thomas. The Banishment of Cupid. Trans.
out of Italian into English, Lon., 1587, Svo. Also eine
anno.
Hcely, Joseph. 1. Letters on the Beauties of Hag-
ley, Envil, and the Leasowes, Ac, Lon., 1777, 2 vols.
12mo. 2. Descrip. of Hagley Park, 1777, Svo.
Hegge, Robert, 1599-1629, educated at Christ
Church College, Oxford. 1. The Legend of St. Cuthbert,
with the Antiq. of the Church of Durham ; pub. by B. R.,
Esq., Lon., 1663, Svo. This is not printed correctly from
the MS. 2. In Aliquot Saerre Paginas Lectiones, 1647,
Svo. Pub. by John Hall, author of Horae Vacivse, *tc.
Hegge left some serms., verses, &c. in MS.
" A prodi^'y of his time for forward aud good natural parts." —
Athm. Oxrm., q.v.
HeighAvay, Osborn W, Trenery. 1. Leila Ada,
the Jewish Convert; an Authentic Memoir, 2d ed., Lon,,
1852, fp. Svo. 2. Select Extracts from the Diary, Cor-
respondence, kc. of Leila Ada, 1854. 3. Adeline: or, the
Mysterious Romance and Realities of Jewish Life, 1854.
See Lon. Athenjeum, 1S54, 652, 653. 4. The Relatives
of Leila Ada, 1856. Resp. this author see Athen., 1857.
Heiland, Samuel. Aristotelis Ethica, Lat., Lon.,
1581, Svo; Lips., 1594. Svo.
Heine, Wm. Graphic Scenes in the Japan Expedition,
by W. Heine, artist of the Expedition, N. York, 1856. Illus-
trated.
Hele, Arthur, Master of the Free School in Basing-
stoke, Preb. of Wells, d. 1778. The IV. Gospels Har-
monized, Reading, 1759, Svo.
Hele, Uichard, master of the school belonging to
the Church of Sarum. Select Offices of Private Devotion,
Lon., 1717. Svo. New and improved ed,. 1831, Svo.
Hele, D'Hele, or Hales, Thomas, 1740-1780 ? a
native of Gloucestershire, a soldier in the English army,
after the peace of 1763 resided in France, and compo.sed
in the language of the country with great fluency and ele-
gance. He wrote pieces for the Italian Comedy, chiefly
in French, among which are : 1. Le Jugement de Midas;
comedie, 1778. This refers to the contest between the
admirers of French and of Italian music. It was much
applauded. 2. L'Amant Jaloux, 1778. 3. Les Evene-
ments imprevus, 1779.
" Ses trois premieres pieces, imprim^es separement, font partie
du ThWre de VOpira Onnique, lSll-12, 8 vol. in 12. On trouve
di^ns la O'rrtsp'nuhnice de Grimm, (t. iv. 'Je partie.) un coute de
d'JIele, Lp Roman de man oncle"—Biog. Univer., q. r.
Hellier, Henry, D.D. Sermon on Oaths, Oson.,
1688. 4to.
Hellins, Rev. John, Cnrate of Constantine, Corn-
wall, and Vicar of Potters-Bury, Northamptonshire.
1. Mathomaticnl Essays, Lon., 1788, 4to. 2, Analytical
Institutions, trans, by C. Colson, Camb.. 1802, 2 vols. 4to.
3, Mathemat. and astronom. papers in Phil. Trans., 1780-
1802.
Hellowes or HellOAVS, EdAvard, Groom of the
Leash. 1. Trans, of Guevara's Familiar Epistles, Lon.,
1574, '77, '84, 4to. See Fenton, Sir Geoffrey. 2. Trans,
of Guevara's Chronicle; conteyning the Lives of tenne
Emperours of Rome, kc, 1577.
Helme, Mrs. Elizabeth, pub. a number of novels,
historical, educational, and other works, and trans, several
histories iuto English, Lon., 1787-1S16, See Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
Helme, J. Methodist Preaching, Lon., 1762, Svo.
817
HEL
Ilclme, yVm. Henry Stukely; a Nov., Lon., 1794,
3 vols. 12nio.
Helmore, Rev. Thomas. 1. A Manual of Plain
Song, Lon., 1850, 12mo. 2. The Psalter Noted, 1850, Ip.
8vo; adapted to the P. Epis. Church of the U. S. by lU-v.
E. M. Pecke, N. York, 1856, ISmo. 3. Carols for Easter-
tide, Lon., 1855, 12mo.
Helmsworth, Richard. See Hemsworth.
Helmiith, Just. II., D.D., pastor of the Lutheran
Church, Phila. 1. Taufc und Ileilige Schrift, Germantown,
1793, 8vo. 2. Untcrhaltungen mit Gott, 8vo, pp. 180. 3.
Geistliche Lieder, 12nio. 4. Numerous works for children.
Helmuth, William T. Surgery, and its Adaptation
to Homoeopathio Practice, Phila.. 1S55, pp. 652.
Helper, Hiiiton Rowau, of North Carolina. The
Impending Crisis of the South. N.Y., 1857, 12mo. This
HEM
Pul'lin. After his death was puh. A Course of Lects. in
Natural Philosophy, edited by Bryan Robinson, M.D.,
Lon.. 1739, '43, 8vo. Frequently reprinted.
"Contiiins mauy useful obser\ations, especially with regard to
1 vision, ic." — Ua. Watt : liibl. Brit.
■ Helwys, Thomas. 1. God's Decree, 1611, 8vo.
2. Now Fryelers, 1611, 8vo. 3. Congregations in the
Low Countries, 1611, 8vo. i. Mystery of Iniquity, 1612,
8vo.
Hely, Rev. James. Ogygia; or, a Chronological
Account of Irish Events; from the Latin of Roderio
O'Flagherty, Dubl., 1793. 2 vols. 8v.i.
Hemaiis, Mrs. Felicia Dorothea, 1794-1835, a
native of Liverpool, where her father was a merchant, may
almost be said to have "lisped in numbers," and printed
a volume of pooms — " Early Blossoms" — before she was
fifteen years of age. Doubtless the wild scenery of
work was favourably reviewed in the N. Y. Tribune, in an [ Grwych, in North Wales, where the youthful poetess re-
article of over seven columns in length.
Helps, Rev. Arthur, of the University of Oxford,
one of the most popular writers of the d.ay. 1. Thoughts
in the Cloister and the Crowd, Lon., 1835, 12mo. See
Dubl. Univ. Mag., x.xiii. 20. 2. Essays written in the In-
tervals of Business, 1841, 8vo ; 7th ed., 1853, 12mo.
" These essays seem to be written for no definite purpose; they
have the air of tlieuies very carefully composed out of pure love,
and for the piactice, of composilion. . . . Mr. Helps has written
and thought in so much more effective manner since their publica-
tion, that he would probably now agi-ee with us that many of
sided from her ninth to her si.vteenth year, had a stimu-
lating effect upon that love of nature which was one of
the strongest characteristics of her mind. A year after
the publication of this book, unfortunately for her future
happiness, she met with Captain Hemans, of the Fourth
Regiment, to whom, after an attachment of three years,
during which the captain was on duty in the Peninsula,
she was married in 1812. Soldiers arc proverbially sus-
ceptible to the charms of feminine beauty; and, when we
read her sister's graphic description of the young poetess
them should have been treated as college exercises,— theme.s that ' as she appeared when she iirst attracted the gaze ot her
"" " ■ ' " warlike admirer, we are not surprised that he became at
we turn info .Tdhiisimian Enjj;lish, or Ciceronian Latin, and there
leave."— 7j7ar/,u'<"»/'.s Af.iff., Oct. 1851. I
3. King IJecry II.; an Historical Drama, 1843, sra. Svo; I
2d ed., 1845, fp. 8vo. 4. Catherine Douglass; a Tragedy, '
1843, sm. Svo.
"The extracts which we have piven from this poem afTord evi-
dence of very high taU-uts, not alone, or even chiefly, lor dramatic
poetry. AVe remembL-r no first poem of equal powers. On our
author him.self alto^^ether depeuds his ultimate success. No one
effort. howL'ver brilliant, could secure this. Like success in most
other pursuits, it ivj aires many sacrifices, — nay, the devotion of a
life."'— />«W. Uiiir. M'"/., xxiii. 19-36.
5. The Claims of Labour, 1844.
" This is a thouj^htful, well-considered, and thoroughly earnest
hook. It probal'ly will do much n;ood. for we know no wiiter who
80 fastens on the thoutrlits of his readers a painful and oppressive
sense of the responsibility under which — whether we act or for-
bear from acting — we tind ourselves placed with respect to those in
any relation of dependence of us." — Dubl. Univ. Mtig., xxv. 45-57.
See also Westmiuster Rev., vol. sliii.; Eclec. Mag., v.
491; Blaekw. Mag., Oct. 1S51.
6. Friends in Council; a Series of Readings and Dis-
courses thereon, 1S47, cr. Svo; 6th ed., 1S54, 2 vols. fp. Svo.
" Has more of orij;inal matter than either of its predecessors;
and the device adoptt-d of interposing fictitious conversatiou with
the essays gives relief and variety to the composition."— £iacfc-
wooiVs Mag., Oct. 1861.
"A more pleasant book we have seldom read. . . . Taken all in
all, he is a subtle thinker and an accomplished writer; but, be-
yond his intellectual qualities, he gives you no glimpse of him-
self."—£riY. Quar. Bev., vi. 134-155.
See Beutley's Miscell. ; Fraser's Mag., xl. 636; and a
highly commendatory notice in Ruskin's Stones of Venice.
7. Companions of my Solitude, 1851, 12mo; 4th ed.,
1854, fp.
"It is altogether a thoughtful book, full of wisdom as well as
of gentleness and beauty. There is scarcely a oage in the volume
from which we might not extr.act some truth, no matter how old
it may be. made fresh by the manner in which it is presented.
The pl.iy of fiincy and of humour, too. that mingles everywhere
with the deep philosophy and the moral fervour, is often exqui-
site."— Eckc. Jicv., 4th ijer., xxx. 2S4. Same article in Living Age,
xxxi. 174.
"In our opinion the far most interesting of all Mr. Ilelps's
essays. . . . We must now bid adieu to Mr. H.lfi-;, aL';iin express-
ing our hope that he will give us more of th-s.- lbuuL;bts. which
we promise him shall be the ■ Companions o( our Solitude' as well
as of his own." — Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1851.
8. Conquerors of the New World and their Bondsmen,
2 vols. p. Svo: i., 1848; ii., 1852. See Lon. AthenaBum,
Nos. 1088, 1289. 9. History of the Spanish Conquest of
America, 1855, vols. i. and ii. 8vo. See Lon. Athenaeum,
No. 1447, vol. iii., 1857. As an essayist, Mr. Helps occu-
pies a high rank; and the cordial eulogium of Mr. Ruskin
will be heartily endorsed by many readers both at homo
and abroad :
'•A true thinker, who has practical purpose in his thinking, and
IB sincere, as I'lato. or Carlyle, or Helps, becomes in some sort a
seer, and must be always of infinite use to his generation."— J/«/.
Pauilers, vol. iii. p. 2CS. Lon., 1856.
"There are things which I hope are said more clearly and simply
than before^ owing to the influence upon nu- of the beautiful quiet
English of Helps."' — Modern Painters, vol. iii., App,
Helsham, Henry. Con. to Med. Cum., 1788.
Helsham, Kioliard, d. 1738, a friend of Swift, was
Professor of Physic and Nat. Philos. in the Univ. of
818
once a wooer :
"The mantling bloom of her cheeks was shaded by a profusion
of natural ringlets, of a rich golden brown; and the ever-varying
expression of her brilliant eyes gave a changeful play to her coun-
tenance, which would have made it impossible for a painter to do
justice to it.' — Memoir of Mrs. Hemans, by her sister.
Alas, that one so lovely, so loving, and so formed to be be-
loved, should have had occasion, for seventeen years — from
the sixth year of her marriage until her death, in 1835, she
never saw her husband's face — bitterly to *' bewail that wor-
ship" which had been the brightest dream of her young and
confiding heart ! In 1818 Capt. Hemans removed to Italy,
avowedly for the benefit of his health, leaving to his wife
the responsibility connected with the education of their
five sons, and — as we have seen — never returning to Eng-
land to demand an account of her stewardship. Mrs.
Hemans took up her residence with her mother and sister.
Miss Mary Anne Browne, afterwards Mrs. Gray, and de-
voted such time as she could spare to the cultivation of her
poetical talents. In 1828 she met with a severe afflictioa
in the loss of her mother, and in conseijuence of this event
removed to "Wavertree, near Liverpool. In tlie next year
she visited Scotland, where she met with a cordial greeting
from Sir Walter Scott, Jeffrey, and the other literary stars
of Edinburgh and its vicinity. In 1830 she paid a visit
to the lakes of Westmoreland and the poet Wordsworth;
and, on leaving this attractive spot, she determined to settle
at Dublin, where her brother, Major Browne, resided. In
this city she remained, the olyect of devoted affection in
the social circle, until her death in 1835, after a painful
and protracted indisposition.
Works: — 1. Early Blossoms of Spring: Poems written
between the age of 8 and 15 years, 1808. 2. England and
Spain ; or, Valourand Patriotism; a Poem, 1S08. 3. The Do-
mestic Affections, 1812. 4. Restoration of the Works of Art
to Italy, 1817. 5. Modern Greece, 1817. 6. Meeting of
Wallace and Bruce, 1819. 7. Tales and Historic Scenes.
8. Vespers of Palermo, 1823. 9. The Sceptic, 1820. 10.
Dartmoor, 1821. 11. Welsh Melodies. 1822. 12. Siege
of Valencia, and the Last Constantinc, 1823. 13. The
Forest Sanctuary, 1826. 14. Records of Woman, 1828.
15. Songs of the Aflftctions. 1830. 16. National Lyrics,
1834. 17. Hymns for Childhood, 1834. 18. Scenes and
Hymns of Life, 1S34. 19. Poetical Remains, with Me-
moir, 1836.
Collective ed. of her Works, with a Memoir of her Life
by her Sister, 1839, 7 vols. 12mo. Again, 1850, 6 vols.
12mo. Works, chronologically arranged, 1848, 1 vol. r.
Svo. In America Mrs. Heinans's poems are very popular,
and many eds. of her works have been issued, with Me-
moirs and critical notices, by Mrs. Sigourney, Mr. Thatcher,
Andrews Norton, H. T. Tuckerman. &g. For particulars
respecting the life and works of this truly lovely woman
and gifted writer, the reader must refer to the Memoir by
her sister; Memorials of Mrs. Hemans, by II. F. Chorley,
1836, 2 vols. sm. Svo; Mrs. Elwood's Literary Ladies of
England; Howitt's Homes of the Poets; Miss Jewsbury's
Three Histories, where Mrs. Hemans is delineated in the
portrait of Egcrla. Much excellent criticism ou her writ-
HEM
HEM
ings will be found in several of the sources indicated below,
from some of which we proceed to give brief citations:
" We think the poetry of Mrs. Heniaus a tine exeajplification
of Femalb I'oetry; aud we think it has much of the perfection
■R'hicb we h;ive ventured to ascribe to the happier productions of
female genius.
" It may not he the best imaginable poetry, and may not indi-
cate the very highest or most commanding genius ; but it embraces
a great deal of that which gives the very best poetry its chief
power of pleasing; aud would strike us, perhaps, as more impas-
eiuned and exalted, if it were not regulated and harmonized by the
most beautiful taste. It is infinitely sweet, elegant, and tender, —
touching, perhaps, and contemplative, rather than vehement and
overpowering; and not only finished throughout with an exquisite
delicacy and even serenity of execution, but informed with a purity
and loftiness of feeling, and a certain sober and humble tone of
indulgence and piety, which must satisfy those who are most afraid
of the passionate exaggerations of poetry. The diction is always
beautiful, harmonious, and free; aud the themes, though of infi-
nite variety, uniformly treated witli a grace, originality, and judg-
ment, which mark the master-hand. . . . We do not hesitate to
say that she is, beyond all comparison, the most touchiug and
accomplished writer of occasional verses that our literature has
yet to boast of." — Lord Jeffhet : Ikim. Rev., 1. 32-47.
"The genius of woman at this period produced a rival to Cole-
ridge, if not iu depth of thought, at least in tenderness of feeling
and beauty of expi-ession. Mrs. Hemans was imbued with the
very soul of lyric poetry ; she only required to have written a little
less to have been one of the greatest in that branch that England
ever produced. . . . Melancholy had marked her for its own ; she
■was deeply impressed with the woes of life ; and it is in the working
up mournful retiections and images with the utmost tenderness
and pathos that her great excellence consists. There she is, per-
haps, unrivalled in the Knglish language." — Sm Archibald Alison :
Hist, of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v.
"As a woman, I felt proud of the homage he [Lord Byron] paid
to the genius of Mrs. Ilemans, and as a passionate admirer of her
poetry, Ifeltflatteredatfiudingthat Lord Byron fully sympathized
with my admiration."— Counters of Blessing to it's Conversations icith
Lord Byr(m.
" Mrs. Sigourney, as her letters will show, was well aware of Lady
Blessington's admiration for the writings of Mrs. Ilemans. That
lady was never spoken of by her except in terms of the highest
praise; and her admiration of the poetry of Mrs. Hemans was no
less enthusiastic than just aud discriminating. In one of her works
she says, 'The exquisite poems of Mrs, Ilemiinsaflect one like sacred
music; they never fail to excite solemn feelings of an elevated
and spiritual character, and sentiments of a pensive caste, of calm
resignation and serenity.' " — Maddens Life, and Corresp. of the
Chuntess of Blessington, vol. ii.
There can be no more proper occasion than the present
for the introduction of Mrs. Sigouruey's beautiful tribute
to Mrs. Hemans :
" Every unborn age
Shall mix thee with its household charities:
The hoary sire shall bow his deafened ear,
And greet thy sweet words with his benison;
The mother shrine thee as a vestal flame
In the lone temple of her sanctity;
And the young child who takes thee by the hand
Shall travel with a surer step to heaven."
The heart-felt offering of our friend, the Shepherd, must
not be forgotten in our register of tributes:
" ' It's no' in that woman's power, sir. to write ill ; for, when a
feeling heart and a fine genixis forgather in the bosom o' a young
matron, every line o' poetry is like a sad or cheerful smile frae her
een, and every poem, whatever be the subject, in ae sense a picture
o' hersell — sae that a' she wiites has an affectin' and an endearin'
mainnerism and moralism about it, that inspires the thochtfu'
reader to say in to himsell — That's Mrs. Ilemans.'
"iYu;-£/i. — ' From very infancy Felicia Dorothea was beloved by
the Muses. I remember patting her fair head when she was a
child of nine years and versified even then with a touching
sweetness about sylphs and fairies.' '*— Nodes Ambrosiance, Nov.
1828.
"Felicia Hemans is the authoress of many a plaintive and
mournful strain. She has shown high sentiment and heroic feel-
ings occasionally, but her affections are with the gentle, the meek,
and the wounded in spirit. . . . Her genius is of the domestic kind,
and her best songs are rightly named of the Affections."— Allan
Cunningham : Biag. and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty
Tears.
" By far the most popular of our poetesses, alike at home and
heyond the Atlantic ; nor do I say undeservedly. ... In her poetry,
religious truth, moral purity, and intellectual beauty ever meet
together ; and assuredly it is not less calculated to refine the taste
and exalt the imagination because it addresses itself almost ex-
clusively to the better feelings of our nature. Over all her pictures
of humanity are spread the glory aud the grace reflected from vir-
tuous purity, delicacy of perception and conception, sublimity of
religious faith, home-bred delights, and the generous, expansive
ardour of patriotism ; while, turning from the dark and degraded,
whether in subjectorsentiment. she seeks out those verdant oases
in the desert of human life on which the affections may most
pleasantly rest. Her poetry is intensely and entirely feminine;
and, in my estimation, this is the highest praise which, iu one
point of view, could be awarded it. It could have been written
by a woman only. . . . Mrs. Hemans. above all female writers, was
distinguished for her rich tones, the voice at once sweet and full,
that carried them to the heart, awakening the feelings as well as
the imagination."— D. M. Mom : Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
"From the hour of Mrs. Ilemans's acquaintance with the Ger-
man literature, you perceive that she had discovered her own
forte, and a new life of tenderness aud feeling was manifest in all
she wrote. She hecame an almost constant writer in Blackwood's
and,Colburn's Magazines. Schiller, Goethe. Korner, and Tieck — ■
how sensibly is the influence of their spirit felt in The Forest
Sanctuary! how different was the tone of this to all which had
gone before I The cold, classical model was abandoned ; the heart
and the fiincy spoke out in every line, warm, free, solemn, and
tenderly thoughtful." — HowiU's Homes and Haunts of the Most
Eminent British Poets.
" Many fragments of poems and plans of works never completed
remain to attest the eagerness with which her mind was busying
itself in the reproduction of the thoughts aud images of beauty
which she could not refiain from storing up." — Henry F. Choblet ;
The Jitthors of England.
" Had her writings been merely harmless, we should not have
entered into an analysis of them; but the moral charm which ia
spread over them is so peculiar, so full of nature and truth and
deep feeling, that her productions claim at ouce the praise of ex-
qnisite purity and poetic excellence. She adds the dign-ty cf her
sex to a high sense of the duties of a poet ; she writes with buoy-
ancy, yet with earnestness; her poems bear the impress of a cha-
racter worthy of admiration. In the pursuit of literary renown
she never forgets what is due to feminine reserve. We perceive a
mind endowed with powers to aspire, and are still further pleased
to find no unsatisfied cravings, no passionate pursuit of remote
objects, but high endowments, graced by contentment." — Geoege
Bancroft, the hislfirian : N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 443-463.
" Her inspiration .always pauses at the feminine point. It never
'oversteps the modesty of nature' nor the dignity and decorum
of womanhood. She is no sibyl tossed to and fro in the tempest
of furious excitement, but ever the calm mistress of the highest
and stormiest of her emotions. The finest compliment we can
pay her, perhaps the finest compliment that it is possible to pay a
woman as a moral being, is to compare hei- to ' one of Shakspere's
women,' and to say. had Imogen or Isabella or Cornelia become
an author, she had so written." — GUfUlan's Second Gallery of Lite-
rary Portraits.
"She seldom reached the sublime; but her thought was often
profound, and her nice analysis of the best affections, her delicate
perception of the minute circumstances that awaken and guide
the sensibilities, the readiness with which she seized upon the
Doble, the picture.'^que. the graceful, and the tender, designate her
above every English writer but one as the ' poet of the heart.' " —
George W. Bethune, B.D.: British Female Poets.
Mrs. Grant of Laggan seems to have experienced the
" embarras de richesses" in perusing the poetry of this
popular author, for she tells a correspondent —
" I am quite of your opinion as to the too uniform splendour
of Felicia Hemans. She keeps us hovering constantly on the
wing, like birds of paradise, for want of a perch to repose upon." —
Mrs. Grajifs Memoirs and Corresp., ed. 1844, vol. il. 143.
Yet Mrs. Grant, when writing to Mrs. Hemans herself,
remarks, when referring to Shenstone's lonely existence:
"How very different is your case! Praised by all that read
you — loved by all that praise you — and known in some degree
wherever our language is spoken."
But here we must conclude our quotations, not from
lack of matter, but want of space. The reader, however,
who desires to pursue the subject will find abundant
materials for the purpose in the following articles: 1.
Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiv. 130. 2. Lnn. Month. Eev., cii.
177. 3. Lon. Month. Rev., cii. 425. 4. Blackwood's
Mag., i. 517. 5. Blackwood's Mag., Ixiv. 641. 6. Edin.
Month. Rev., iii. 373. 7. Dublin Univ. Mag., x. 123.
8. Fraser's Mag., xsi. 127. 9. N. Amer. Rev., xliv.
265. 10. By L. J. Park, Chris. Exam., iii. 403. 11. Chris.
Exam., vi. 35. 12. By Andrews Norton, six. 32S. 13.
By Andrews Norton, Chris. Exam., xxvii. 370. 14. Amer.
Qiiar. Rev., i. 153. 15. Amer. Quar. Rev., sxi. 257. 16,
Chris. Rev., ii. 356. 17. Chris. Rev., v. 23. 18. South.
Lit. Mess., ii. 611. 19. South. Lit. Mess., ii. 722. 20.
South. Lit. Mess., vii. 380. 21. N. York Rev., i. 199.
22. U. S. Lit. Gaz., v. 401. 23. Eclee. Mag., xi. 420.
Hemery and Dumaresq. Mode of Proceeding and
Trial in Royal Ct. of Jersey, Jersey, 1789, 4to.
Hemiiig, an Engli.?h monk, flourished 1095. Vita
Ulstani, in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 467.
Hemiiig, Edward. The New Lights, Lon., 1689, 4to.
Hemiiig, or Ilemmiug, S, 1. Themes of Admira-
tion ; a Poem, 1813, sm. 8vo. 2. Colonization of the
Earth, and the Origin of Nations, Oxon., 1817, 8vo.
Hemiiig, Thomas. Scripture Geography, with
Maps, Lon., 1818. r. 4to. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 347.
Hemiligs, William, a son of John Hemings the
actor. 1. Fatal Contract; a Trag., Lon., 1653, '61, 4to.
2. The Jew's Tragedy, 1662, 4to. 3. The Eunuch ; a Trag.,
1687, 4to. This is No. 2, with a new title. His first piece
— The Hare; or, The Mad-Cap — was never printed. See
Biog. Dramat.
Hemingus, or Hemmingus, Monachus Wi-
goruieiisis. Chartularium Ecclesiai Wigorniensis :
edente Tho. Hcarne, Oxon., 1723, 2 vols. 8vo.
IlemmeiiAvay, Moses, D.D., d. 1811, aged about 75,
a minister of Wells, Maine, pub. several serms., (fcc, 1767-
95.
Hemming, John, M.D. Mineral Waters of Gluu-
cefeter, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
8l»
HEM
Ilemmingford, Walter de, Canon of Gislorough
Ab)>By, Yorkshire, wrote a History of England from 1066
to 1308. Gale first pub. it in his Veteres Scriptores, ii.
153, 1687, and Hearne edited it under the title of Historia
de Rebus gestis Edvardi I., Edvardi II., and Edvardi III.,
0.\on., 1731, 2 vols. 8vo; 150 copies printed at £1 Is. each:
now rare and valuable. See Gale, ul>i supra; Bishop
Kicolson's Eug. Hist. Lib.; Brit. Bibliographer, ii. 72.
"Tliis work is written with great cire and exactnesB, and in a
style good enough considering the time."
Henipel, Charles Julius, M.D., a native of Prussia,
studied for five years in Paris, emigrated to the U. States
in 1835, and graduated at the University of N. York, and
practised medicine in that city for several years; appointed
to the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in Homoeo-
pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. (Philadelphia,) in
1857. 1. Grammar of the German Language, New Y'ork,
1842, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Materia Medica Pura, by Dr. S.
Hahnemann ; trans, by C. J. H., 1846, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. The-
rapeutic Pocket-Book, by Dr. C. Von Bocnninghausen ; edited
by C. J. II., Bost., 1849, 8vo. 4. Organon of the Specific
Healing Art of Homeopathy, by Dr. (i. L. Rau; edited by
C. J. H., N. York, 184',), 8vo. 5. New Manual of the Ho-
moeopathic Materia Medica, by Jahr and Possart; 4th ed.,
trans, and edited by C. J. 11., 1849, cr. 8vo. 6. Treat,
on the Use of Arnica. 1S49, Svo. 7. New Homoeop.athic
Pharmacopceia and Nosology; compiled and trans, by C.
J. H., 1850, Svo. 8. Homoeopathic Domestic Physician,
1850, Svo. 9. Therapeutics; or. .Successful Homoeopathic
Cures; trans, and edited by C. J. H., 1850, Svo. 10. New
Manual : originally published under the name of Sympto-
men-Codex, by Dr. G. H. G. Jahr: trans, with addits. by
C. J. H., assisted by J. M. Quin, M.D., Ac, 2 vols. Svo.
The third vol. is issued as a separate work, under the title
of Complete Repertory of Homttopathic Materia Medica, by
C. J. H., 1853, Svo, pp. 1224. 11. Organon of Specific
Homoeopathy, Phila., 1854, Svo. 12. Materia Medica. l)y
Dr. B. Mure; trans, by C. J. H., 1854. cr. Svo. 13. The
HomcEopathio Materia Medica, by A.Teste ; trans, and edited
by C. J. H., N. York, 1865, Svo. 14. With Jiicob Beakley,
M.D.. Manu.al of Homwop. Theory and Practice, 1858, Svo.
Hempstead, Samuel H.,Cuuusellor-at-Law, Little
Rock, Arkansas. Arkans. Rcports.lS20-56, Bost., 1856, Svo.
Hemsworth, Richard, of the Middle Temple. A
Key to the Law; or. An Introd. to Legal Knowledge, 1765,
Svo.
Henchman, Humphrey, Bishop of Salisbury, 1660 ;
trans, to London, 1663. Diatriba Pra-liminaris H. Ham-
mondi Tract, de Confirmatione prffifixa, 0.xon., 1661.
Henchman, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1661, both 4to.
Henck, John B., Civil Engineer, b. 1815. at Phiba-
delphia. gr.ad. at Harvard University, 1840. Field-Book
for Rail-Road Engineers; containing formula; for laying
down curves, ^c.
''A most judicious combination of theory and practice. The
scientific treatise and the fleld-book are united without detriment
to either. '—TV. Amev. htv., Ixxix. 253-264.
Henderick, Rev. George. Address to the Abp.
of Canterbury on the Propriety of Sunday Evening Lec-
tures. 18118. 4to.
Henderson, Mrs. 1. Scrip. Lessons on the Hist, of
our Lord, Lon. 2. Scrip. Lessons on the Acts of the Apos-
tles. 1847, 2 vols. ISmo: 1850, 1 vol. Svo. Other works.
Henderson, Captain, R.A. 1. Account of Hon-
duras, Lon., ISO',1, '11, Svo. 2. Condition and Treatment
of the Negro Slaves in the Brit. Colonies, 1816.
Henderson, Alexander, 1583-1646, a divine and
leader in the Church of Scotland, had a controversy with
Charles I. respecting Episcopacy. The papers which
passed between them will be iouud in The Life and Times
of Henderson, by John Alton, D.D., Edin., 1S36, Svo. See
.also Dr. Thomas McCrie's Life of Henderson ; Montrose's
Memoirs; Voice of the Church; and British Critic, six.
457. Henderson wrote some .serms., ]iub. 1643-48.
Henderson, Alexander, M.D. 1. Trans, of Cabanis
on Med. Science, Lon., 1806, Svo. 2. Imposture of Ann
Moore, 1813. Svo. 3. Ilbstof Anc. and Mod.Wines,1824,4to.
" He appears to have devoted severiil years to his undertaking,
and has very laboriously gleaned from various sources whatever
was of importance to his ohject."— ion. Quar. Sev., xxxii. 232-262.
See also Blackwood's Mag., xvi. 1-16. 4. The Atmo-
sphere: Nic. J(jur., 1804.
Henderson, Andrew. 1. Life of John, Earl of
Stair, Lon., 1748, 12mo. 2. Trans, of Voltaire's Hist, of
Charles XII., Svo. 3. Arsinoe : a Trag., Svo. 4. Hist of
the Rebellion 1745-46, Svo, 1753. 5. Militia, 1760, Svo.
6. Life of William the Conqueror, 1764, 12mo. 7. Life of
the Duke of Cumberlaad, 1766, Svo. 8. Letter to the Bp
HEN
of Chester, 1774, Svo. 9, 10. Two Letters to Dr. Johnson
on his Journey to the Western Isles, 1776, &c., both Svo.
.Henderson, Andrew. The Prac. Grazier, Edin.,
1826. Svo.
" Tlie work is very crerl i table."— Donaldson's AgricuU. Bing.
Henderson, Ebenezer, D.D., one of the most emi-
nent of modern Biblical critics. 1. Trans, of Koos ou the
Prophecies of Daniel, Edin., 1811. Svo.
" It is not a very interesting book. The details are too minute,
and some of the views not likely to be received." — Orme's Bill. Bib.
2. Dissert, on Hans Mikkelsen's [Danish] Trans, of the
N. Test., Copenhagen, 1813, 4to. 3. Iceland; or. The Journal
of a Residence in that Island in 1814-15, Edin., 1S18, 2
vols. Svo; 1819, Svo.
"The state of society, manners, domestic habits, and religion,
are here treated of; liut theie is too much minuteness, and a te-
diousncss and dryness of style and manner."— Sfeiejison's Voyaaes
and Travels.
" This interesting volume, we venture to say, will be found pro-
ductive of a very high degree of instruction and amusement."—
Lon. Quar. Raj. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
4. Biblical Researches and Trav. in Ru.ssia, Lon.,lS26,Svo.
"This very interesting volume of Travels has a claim to be no-
ticed io this place, on account of the numerous and important
det.ails which Dr. Henderson has communicated respecting the
antient and modern versions and editions of the Holy Scriptures,
and to which we have been largely indebted. . . . Contains much
valuable statistical information relative to the countries through
which he travelled."— Zfonie's BiU. Bib.
5. Edit, of Moses Stuart's trans, of Ernesti's Elements
of Interpretation, XS27, 12mo.
"Dr. Henderson has increased the utility of this little manual
by adding some valuable observations, the result of his own read-
ing."— Home's Bibl. Bib.
6. The Great Mystery of Godliness Incontrovertible,
1830, Svo. This is an examination of 1 Tim. iii. 16.
"The genuineness of the controveited clause in 1 Tim. iii. 16
is established beyond doubt in this ably-executed and impartial
treatise."— i/nrae's Bibl. Bib.
"A valuable specimen of critical ability successfully exerted in
the investigation and discovery of truth.'' — Arcubishop Howlet.
See Andover Biblical Repository, i. 777.
7. Edit, of jEgirtii Gutbirii Lexicon Svriacum. 1836,
24mo. 8. Divine Inspiration, 1836, Svo;'lS47, fp. Svo ;
1850, 12mo; 1852. fp. Svo.
" Particularly valuable." — Dr. E. Williams.
" These discourses are written with great care, and display stores
of information, both ancient and modern, which few theologians
of the day could emulate, and very few. if any, could exceed." —
Biitis/i Critic. See also Lon. Chris*. Rememb.
9. Trans, of Isaiah from the Hebrew, with Comment.,
1840, Svo.
" Much useful CT'Mc\sm."—BicleTstdh's C. S.
" The translator's notes leave the reader nothing to desire for
the explanation of Isaiah." — Lon. Churchwan.
"It is not too much to say that this Cimmentary on Isaiah is
the best, the most learned, and the most satisfactory illustration
of the prophetic text that exists in our language."- £n(is/i Maga-
zine. See also Lon. Kclec. Itev.
" Henceforth uo one that desires to understand the elevated
views and grand productions of Isaiah will be able to dispense
with the work of Dr. Henderson." — Lon. Chris. Examiner.
10. Trans, from the Hebrew of the Twelve Minor Pro-
phets, with a Comment., 1845, Svo. 11. Trans, from the
Hebrew of Jeremiah and the Lamentations, with a Com-
ment, 1S51, Svo. Other publications.
Henderson, George. View of the Administrations
in the Government of Americanuder Washington, Ac, 1802.
Henderson, Capt. John. 1. Agricult. of Suther-
land, Lon.. 1812. Svo. 2. Agricult. of Caithness, 1S12, Svo.
"The two works are very creditable." — Donaldson's Ag. Biog.
Henderson, John, 1747-1785, an eminent actor, a
native of London. His Letters and Poems, with Anecdotes
of his Life, by John Ireland, Lon., 1786. Svo. See also
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Boswell's Johnson ; Nichols's Anec.
Henderson, John. 1. Sal Indus Antiquorum, Ac,
Lon.. 1803. Svo. 2. Rheumic Acid: Thoin. Ann. Philos.
Henderson, John, 1757-1788. a native of B.allaga-
r.ance. England, edueated at Pembroke College. Oxfo'id,
taught Latin at eight years of age and Greek at twelve.
An account of him will he founil in Rev. Wm. Agnttcr's
Funeral Serm. on him, Nov. 17SS. Some of Henderson's
essays and poems have been published. See Boswell.
Henderson, Lawrence, of Maklon, Essex. Para-
phrase on Job, Psalms, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, with
Notes, Crit, Histor., and Pract., Lon., 1764, 4 vols. Svo.
Henderson, Robert. See IlE.N-nYsoN.
Henderson, Robert. Breeding of Swine and Curing
of B.acon; with Hints on Agricult.. Ac. Leith. 1 811, '14, Svo.
"Imparts his knewledge ia a plain and sensible manner." —
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Henderson, S. The Cottage Preacher; or, XV. Plain
Seriu<ms. Lon., 1837, 12mo.
" These Discourses are truly evangelical in their matter, familiar
and iutelligible in their style." — Lon. Congreg. Mag.
HEN
HEN
Henderson, Stewart, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1795-
1808.
Henderson, T, Astronomical Observations at Edin-
burgh, 1S34— i:i, vols. i. to ix.. 1838-50.
Henderson, Thos., M.D., Assist. Surg. U.S. Navy.
Hints on Ihe Meil. Exam, of Recruits; new ed., Phila., 1857.
Henderson, Wm., JI.D. 1. Observ. on the Plague,
Lon., 1789, 8vo. 2. Sir H. Davy on Chlorine; Thorn. Ann.
Pbilos., 1813.
Henderson, Wm., M.D. 1. Homoeopathic Practice
of Medicine, Lon., 1S15, Svo; N.Y., 1840, 18mo. 2. Homteo-
pathy Fairly Represented, in Reply to Simpson's Homoeo-
pathy Misrepresented, Edin., 1853, p. Svo; Phila., 1851, Svo.
Hendley, Wm. Serms., 1715-18. For a Serm. on
Rev. x\k. 9 (1718, Svo) the author was tried and convicted.
Hendley, Wm. Loimologia Sacra; or, The Plague
Reli^iously "Considered. Lon., 1721, Svo.
Hendou, Edward. Perfect Conveyancer; or, Select
Precedents, liy E. Hendon, Wra. Noy, R. Rason, and H.
Fleetwood, 1650, 4to ; 2d cd., llioo, 4'to.
Hendricks, Miss Rose Ellen. 1. The Astrologer's
Daughter, Lon., 1S45, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. The Idler Re-
formed, 1S46, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Political Fame; an Essay,
1847, fp. Svo. 4. The Wild Rose, and other Poems, 1847,
p. Svo. 5. The Young Authoress, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 6.
Jenny Lind; a Tale, 2 vols. p. Svo. 7. Chit-Chat; a Poem,
in 12 Cantos, 1849, p. Svo. 8. King John and the Brigand's
Bride, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo.
** There is an earnestness and a good faith about all the writer
does, whicli stamps an air of truth upon her productions." — Lon.
Liteniri/ G'-izeiU.
Hendrie, Robert. 1. Two Letters on Pictorial Co-
lour and Effect, Lon.. 1S42, 12mo. 2. Encyclopaedia of the
Arts of the Middle Ages, by the Monk Thcophilus; trans.,
with Notes, by R. H., Svo.' Commended by Lon. Spec.
Hendry, Elizabetli Anne. 1. Crossingham Rec-
tory, Lon., 12mo : commended by Lon. Lit. Ga7.., and
Edueat. Mag. 2. Hist, of Greece, for Children : 4th ed.,
1853, ISmo. 3. Hist, of Rome, for ChUdren ; 4th ed., re-
viseil by J. Corner, 1S53, ISmo.
Hendry, Wm. Life-Annuities, Ac, Lon., 1825, Svo.
Hendy, James, M.D. Profess, treatises, 1774-90.
Heneage, Michael. 1. Antiq. of Arms in England,
arijio 1598 ; in Hearne's CoUec, 1771. 2. Antiq. of the
word •' Sterlingorum :" in Hearne's CoUec., 1771.
Henegan, Sir Richard D., R.A. Seven Years'
Campaigning in the Peninsula, <i'e., Lon., 1S46, 2 vols.
"Tliese volumes combine a world of diversified amusement, ex-
citement, and iuterest. It is impossible to open tliem without
encountering some toucll of pathos or Immour. — some trace of
desperate valor or of heroic sacrifice." — Natal and Military Oaz.
Henfrey, Arthur, Prof of Botany in King's College,
London, 1S54, late editor of the Botanical Magazine, has
made several translations from the German, contributed
papers to the Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., Trans. Brit.
Assoc, ttc, and pub. the following works : 1. Anatomical
Manipulation, Lon., 1844. 2. Outlines of Structural and
Physiological Botany, 1S47, 12mo. 3. Rudiments of Bo-
tany, 1849, 12mo. 4. The Vegetation of Europe: its Con-
dition and Causes, 1852, 12m'i. 5. An Elementary Course
of Botany, Structural, Physiological, and Systematic, with
a Brief Outline of the Geographical and Geological Distri-
bution of Plants, 1 857, p. Svo. 6. Micrographic Dictionary :
see (iRlFFlTH, .J. W.
Hengham, Sir Ralph de, Chiof-Justice in the Court
of King's Bench teinij. Edw. I. Summa magna ct parva.
Printed with Sir John Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum
Anglije : see p. 618 of this Dictionary; Bp. Nicolson's
Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 72 ; 2 Reeves's
Eng. Law, 281; Selden's Pref. to the work ; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., 382.
Hening, Mrs. E. F. Hist, of the African Missions
of the Prot, Epis. Church in the U.S., N.Y., 1850, 12mo.
Hening, William Waller, d. 1S2S, Clerk of the
Chancery Ct. for the Richmond Dist., Va. 1. Statutes of
Virginia, 1619-1792, Richmond, 13 vols. Svo, 1809-23.
** .Vo other State in the Union possesses so excellent a work on
its legislative history." — George Bancroft: Hid. U. .states.
2. The American Pleader and Lawyer's Guide, N. Y"ork,
1811, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Maxims; containing Noy, Francis,
and Branch, &c., Richmond and Phila., 1824-45, Svo :
see Branxh. Thomas; Francis, Richard. 4. New Vir-
ginia Justice: 4th ed., Richmond, 1825, Svo. 5. In con-
junction with William Munford, Reports of Cases in Su-
preme Ct. of Appeals of Va., and in the Supreme Ct. of
Chancery for Richmond District, Flatbush and N. York,
1809-11. 4 vols. Svo.
Henkel, C, Lutheran pastor, Somerset, Ohio. 1.
Ueber die Kindcrsucht. 1822. 2. On the Reformation : a
Synodical Discourse, 1S3S.
Henkel, D., Luthcnm pastor, Lincoln, N.C. On Re-
generation, Salisbury, 1822.
Heukle, Moses Montgomery, D.D., of the Me-
thodist Epis. Church South, b. 1798, in Pendleton co., Va.
1. Masonic Addresses, 1849, Svo. 2. Primary Platform :
or, Methodism, Nashville, 1852, 12mo. 3. Analysis of
Church Government, 1853, 12mo. 4. Life of Bishop B.as-
com, 1854, 12mo. 5. Primitive Episcopacy, 1857, 12mo.
Henley, Anthony, M.P., d. 1711, was a contributor
to the Taller, the Medley, and other periodicals, and wrote
poetry for music. Garth eulogizes him in the preface to
the Dispensary.
Henley, Rev. John, 1692-1756, known as Orator
Henley, was a native of Melton-Mowbray, and etlueated
at St. John's College, Cambridge. Disappointed in ob-
taining preferment in London, he commenced the delivery
of his fatuous Lectures or Orations upon theology, politics,
fashions, and matters in general, lie continued these lec-
tures for nearly thirty years, and was certainly one of the
lions of London. Pope celebrates him in the Dunciad as
the "zaney of his age," and Hogarth introduced him in
his humorous delineations. He pub. many Sermons. Ho-
milies, translations from Pliny and Montfaucon, Letters,
Ac, and the following works, by which he is best known :
1. Complete Linguist; or, an Universal Gr,amiuar of all
the considerable Tongues in Being, Lon., 1719-21, 2 vols.
Svo. 2. Oratory Transactions: No. 1, 1728, Svo; Nos. 2,
4, 5. 1729, Svo. 3. Esther; a Poem. 4. The Hyp Doctor ;
a Weekly Paper. By this periodical he is said to have
cleared £100 per annum. See Sleevens's account of Hen-
ley, in Nichols's Biog. Anec. of Hogarth ; Lon. Retrosp.
Rev., xiv. 206-225, 1826.
Henley, Robert, Baron Henley and Earl of
Northington, Lord-Chanccllor of England, b. 1708, d.
1786. See Edun, Ho.v. RonEnr Hknlf.v ; Henley's Life
of Lord Northington ; Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-
Chnncellors, and authorities there cited.
Henley, Hon. Robert Henley Eden, Lord.
See Eden.
Henley, Samuel, D.D., d. 1816, Prof of Moral Philos.
in the College of ^yilliamsburg, Virginia, subsequently
Rector of Rendlesham, Suffolk, and in 1805 Principal of
the East India College at Hertford, pub. several serms.,
&c., 1771-1803 ; observations on Virgil, 178S ; a trans, of
the Elegies of TibuUus, 1792; and edited Beckford's Ca-
leph Vathek, 1786.
Henley, Thomas. Case in Midwifery, Exon., 1715,
12 mo.
Henley, Zach. Allnut. Navigation of the Thames
from Uichmoiid to Staines, Lon., 1S05, Svo.
Henley, Wni. Electricity; Phil. Trans., 1772-78.
Hennell, Charles. Forms of Afiid.avits, Ac. 2d ed.,
Lon., 1837, Svo. Adapted to the Irish Practice, with
many new Precedents, Ac, by W. Mockler, Dubl.,1844,Svo.
Hennen, John. Military Surgery, Edin., 1818, Svo.
Henniker, Sir Frederick, Bart. Notes during a
Visit to Egypt. Nubia, the Oasis Bceris.ic, Lon., 1824, Svo.
" We have read Sir t'rederick Ilenuiker's Notes on Egypt, &c.
with pleasure, and freely confess that the perusal frequently re-
laxed our gravity ; it is in fact an amusing little volume, and will
find a place by the side of the Diary of an Invalid." — L(,ii. Quai:
Henniker, Major John, Lord, M.P. 1. Letter to
George, Earl of Leicester, 1788, Svo. 2. Two Letters on
the Origin, Antiq., and Hist, of Norman Titles, 1794, Svo.
3. Bicknacre Priory, in Essex; Archa'ol., 1794.
Henning, George, M.D. Scrofulas, 1SI5, Svo.
Henric, James. The Curtaine of Church Power and
Authoritie in things called Indiffereut, Lon., 1632, 4to.
Henricus, Huntindieusis. See Henrv op Hts-
TINGDOX.
Henry,Archdcacon of Huntingdon and Hert-
fordshire, b. aljiiut the end of the 11 ih century, d. after
1154, is best known as an author Ijy a History of England,
in eight books, from the earliest accounts to a.d. 1154.
This was pub. by Sir Henry Savile among the Scriptores
post Bed.am, Lon., 1596, fol. ; Francf., 1601, fob; also in
the Collec of Historians edited by order of the Recor^.
Commission, vol. i. 689-763; .also a translation, with the
Acts of Stephen, by an unknown .author; by Thomas For-
ester, Lon., 1853, sra. Svo. Wharton, in his Anglia Sacra
ii. 694, publishes an Epistle of Henry's, ad Walterum de
Mundi Contemptu, sivc de Episcopis et viris illustribus sui
temporis. See also D'Achery, Spicilegium. Parisiis. 1723,
fob, tomus iii. 503-507, or, in first ed., tomus viii. 178.
Henry was also a poet of considerable merit. In his
6J1
HEN
old age he collected his writings into one series, divided
into twelve books There are two JISS. of this hooli in
the Archiepiscopal Library at Lamheth. For a more par-
ticular accuunt of this writer we refer the reader to Wri4f«
Biog lint. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 167-173 °
•A large portion of the earlier part of Ilenry-s Ilisto'rv is com-
fh.t^^ f P ^ "'? "■ "'"'' i'lsLinces inconeelly. whi.h shows
inel, V w^ r ^ "'° ™!" ?''-"'''Pl>en the language of Anglo-Saxon
ot- ifZ ^.v'n"""'!'"? """"'t!-"- "" B'"'^ "' ^""e vnluahle notices
TJf£Z, T,-'"^^'''h:^'"''^ "PP"'-- '° '■« 'aXen from old songs
and from ti-.adit.on. . . . His dates are frequently confused. . . . One
aLrS„H V"i,'- .^? "?s probably the letter already alluded to,
recounts to hisfriend the number of rich and poweitlil and learned
men whom they had seen sink successively into the grave. . .
Ueiiry of Huntingdon's poetry is superior to the general standard
ot mediev.tl Latin verse. It is somewhat miscellaneous, consisting
of metrical treatises on herbs, gems, .spices, ic. of hvmns. of ama
tory poetry, and of epigrams. Leland quotes the following ele-ant
lines trom the invocation to his poem on herbs, which is founded
on the older treatise of Macer :
"• Vatum magne parens, berbarum Phoebe repertor,
^ osque, quibus lesonant Tempo jocosa, deaj,
Si mihi serta piius hedera florente parastis
Ecce meos tlores. serta parate, fero ' '' '
. Henry the Minstrel, or Blind H^V.^v^Sr-
ing feooteh poet of the 15th century, is celebrated as the
author of The Actis and Deidis of the illuster and vailzcnnd
Campioun, Sen.r William Wallace, Knicht of Eller^^lie
This poem, which is in twelve boolis of ten-syllable lines
IS supposed to have been written about 1475. Henry pro-
fesses to found it on a Latin history of Wallace, now lost,
by John D air and Thomas Gray. The only MS. copy
kDOwn of Henry's poem is in the Advocat'cs' Library,
Kdinburgli, dated 14S8. It was first pub., Edin., 1570
4to; 10 1, 4to; 1611, 4to; 1620, 8vo ; Aberdeen 1630
AVk ^;"-' V'f- «^'°' /6"' Glasg., 1665, Svo,-'Edin.
A?;,n k, D-,"-"^' *'°- ""■' ^''- lil"^"i^e contain
Arnaldi Bla.r Relationes ; with Notes, Dissertations, Illus-
trations, and a portrait of Wallace, Perth, 1790,3 vols
12mo. Since this date (i. c. in 1S20, Edin., 4to) Dr. John
Jam.oson pub. it with the Bruce of Barbour. A paraphrase
f 7-n''^' '/,°f™,: '° °""'''™ ^''"^'^' ty William Hamilton
01 Gilbertfield, has long been popular with the Scottish
peas.antry, and had no little eBect in eliciting the poetic
talents ot Robert Bruce. As a historian, recent discove-
ries have somewhat elevated the reputation of Blind
Harry; as a poet, he has perhaps enjoyed the full benelit
of the advantage which mystery confers upon the fame
of the minstrel. Mr. Ellis does not hesitate to say
Jhat.a man t»™ blind should excel in anv science is suffi-
buMh'at'he'shou'n I'^' '"'"="' ''^,"° "-••"-' "'""">' ^""'"Pl^^
but that he should become an excellent poet is almost miraculous •
because the soul of poetry is description. Perhaps, therefore it
ma.y be e.lsily assumed that Henry was not inlL-n^,; in nliot of
genius either to liarbour or Chaucer, nor indeed to any'^poet of
any age or country ."-.SpccmCTis of Vie Eurhj E„<,M, PoHs
The ahsnrdity of this remark is well exposed in Cham-
^f' ■™'^ Thomsons Eiog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen,
ea. lSo5, ill. 16. '
As regards the value of the historical statements of
au°horU ■'™ """ '■""""'"S "V'nii.a. of an eminent
J^}^f persuaded that Wallace is the work of an ignorant man
On „.L, ^it' '" P°^"-.''»''^'> »f valuable and anthenTic matedals
On »hat other supposition can we account fur the fact that whilst
in one page we meet with errors which show a deplorable n"iTer
o'therlcotur-his,"'-' ""' T" "'"' -'-"-tanclJs unkno'wn to
other bLOttish histon.ans, yet corroborated by authentic docu-
men s. by contemporary Knglish annalists, by nattona monu
rheml',,.?";"™'"".?'^' P'>''">^''>-'d '■> modern t[mes and o which
the minstrel cannot be supposed to have had access' The wo k
ilJ^S'^S^'rS.^" "^° ''""™ romance.'.-P.?'¥;;.<L^
Mr Tyller proceeds to adduce a number of instances in
which modern historical discoveries prove Henry to be
correct. Major, who lived at the same time with the poet!
tells us the little we know of the minstrel, and enables us
to form some estimate of the value of his history
Integrum librum Uolielmi Vall.icei Henricus, a n'ativitate
di. ebantur carmine vul^ari, in quo peritus eiat, consciioV^t (e°„
au em talilm., scriptis solum in parte fidem imp^ittor- qu h i'sS
bee Irving's Lives of Scot. Poets; Jamieson's edit, of
Sst of°Fn p'^T' ^'I'^^'^""^'- Scots Writers; Warton's
Hist, of Eng. Poet.; authorities cited above.
linlhrol n ;' ,'^,"'", "'" England, surnamed of Bo-
Duk^ 7 1 ' V'^'- 'i"' '^''"''' '"" "fJ"'"' "f «'"■■".
Henrv Pl ';°'"'""'V^^ '^^ ^"''>' Ui^-ehe, daughter of
Henry Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster. Epistolt ad Ni-
IIEN
colaum de Cusa S.R.E. Cardinalem. See D'Achery Spicil
ill. .S03. ,"1 •>
Henry VIII., King of England, b. 1491, d. 1547
jsecond son of Henry VII., by his ,|ueen, Elizabeth of York'
gaineu from Leo X. the title of Defender of the Faith by
a Latin treatise— Assertio VIL S.acramentorum adversus
Lutherum, Lon., 1521, 4to ; Roma;, 1521, 4to ; Lon., other
eds.. for an account of which, and other writings connected
with Henry and his reign, see Lowndes's Bibj: Man 906-
908, Watt's Bibl. Brit., and the histories of En.'land. An
English trans., by T. W., of the Assertion of the Seven
Sacraments, was pub. in 1687, 4to.
" or Henry's intellectual ability we are not left to iudsre from
the suspicious panegyrics of his contempoiaries. His state papers
and letters may be placed by the side of those of Wolsey o? of
Cromwel^l and they lose nothing in thecompaiLson. Thoughthey
are broadly different, the perception is equally clear, the expression
equally powerful, and they breathe throughout an irresistible yi.
gour 01 purpose^"-J?ro«de's Hist, of Ens,: from tlu FaU of miseu
to the Death of Elizabeth, Lon., 1856. ""wcy
Henry, Marquis and Earl of Worcester. Auo-
thethegius, Lon., ll>,5n, 8vo.
Henry, Alexander, 1739-1824, a native of New
Jersey, e.xtentively engaged in the Fur Trade, travelled
tor si.-iteen years in the northwestern parts of America, and
gives us the result of his observations in his Travels and
Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories 1760-76
N.York, 1809, Svo. The Preface to this interesting work
will be found in Rich's Bild. Amor. Nova, ii. 42.
" His enterpi-ise, perils, and intrepidity, excite deep interest."—
Henry, Caleb Sprague, D.D., formerly a Congre-
gational minister, but .since 1835 a clergyman of the Pro-
testant Episcopal Church, is a native of Rutland Mass
and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1825. In 1S35 ha
was appointed Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philo-
sophy in Bristol College; removed to New York in 18'17-
and in that city established The New York Review, which
he conducted until 1840, when Dr. J. G. Cogswell, who had
been co-editor for the previous twelvemonth, assumed the
entire duties connected with its supervision. Dr Henry-
was chosen Professor of Philosophy, History, and Belles-
LettTes, in the University of the city of New York, and
discharged the eng.agements connected with this responsible
post until his retirement in 1S52. He was also, from 1847-
50, rector of St. Clement's Church, New York. He now
(1856) resides in the vicinity of New York, and is a fre-
quent contributor to the Church Review, and other perio-
dicals. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
1. Elements of I'sychology; included in a Critical Exa-
mination of Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding
iiy \ ictor Cousin; trans, from the French, with an Intro-
duction and Notes, Hartford, 1834; N.York 1S39 ■ 4th
ed, revised, 1856, 12mo, pp. 568. 2. Compendium of
Chris lan Antiquities, 1837, Svo. 3. Moral and Philoso-
P^A■ ..^'■"'y''' -^'' '^"''^' 1S39. i. Guizot's General Hist.
ol Civilization, with Notes, 12mo. 5. Household Litur<.y,
12mo. 6. Epitome of the Hist, of Philosophy ; tran.s. from
the French, with nddits. and a Continuation from the time
ot Reid to the present day, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. About
one-lourth ol this work was written by Dr. Henry 7 A
Manual of Ancient and Modern History, by W C Taylor
LL.D. ic; with addits., 1845, Svo, and each division in
1 vol Svo. See N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 245-248. Dr. Henry
has also pub. a number of college addresses on university
education, d-c. "'
Henry, David, 1710-1792, for more than half a cen-
tury connected with the Gentleman's Magazine, has alre.ady
been noticed in our life of his brother-in-law, Edward
Cave In that article, (written in 1854,) referring to the
length of time (nearly fourscore years) for which the
iNicholses had been connected with the Mag.azine we re-
marked, ''May the Nicholses ' live a thousand years,' and
issue the Gentleman's Magazine ' punctually on the 1st of
every month !' " But— alas for our hopes !-the number of
the Magazine for the presentmonth, (June, 1S56,) which lies
betore us, contains the following startling announcement:
Mrn''.^?'vr'';7TiT'i'' ■'"'-;■,"",,'' 1°,"'";'°= numbers of the Gentleman's
fiTTi K "^ P"bl'sl>ed by .Messrs. J. H. and Jas. l'arker,377,
be .sent " " " " '=°™™''"''-'''''<'n'' ""d Hooks for review are to
We can only express the hope that the Parkers will prove
worthy successors of their "illustrious predecessors "
David Henry gave to the world— 1. Twenty Discourses
abridged from Archbp. Tillotson, Ac; 2d ed.,' Lon., 1763,
sin. Svo; 4th ed., 1779. 2. The Complete English Farmer;
or, a Practical .System of Husbandry. 3. An Historical
Account of all the Voy.ages round the World, performed
by English Navigators, 1774, 4 vols. Svo. To these ho
HEN
added 2 vol8., includiDg Capt. Cook's Voyages. Henry was
a frequent contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine.
Henry, J. Eighteen Serms., 1S16, 8vo.
Heiivy, J. R. Catalogus Medicamentorum., Franc.,
16S2, 4to.
Henry, John, an actor and manager of the Theatre
in Philadeliihia. A School for Soldiers, or The Deserter;
a Dr.imatic Piece, Kingston, Jamaica, 17S3, 8vo.
Henry, John. 1. Points in Manumission, &c., Lon.,
1817, 8to. 2. Crim. Law at Demerara, &c., 1821, 8vo. 3.
Judgment of the Ct. of Demerara in Case of Odwin «.
Forbes, 1823, 8vo,
HEN
10. Four Discourses against Vice and Immorality, viz. :
I. Against Drunkenness ; II. Against Uncleanncss; III.
Against Sabbath-breaking; IV. Against Profane Speak-
ing, 1705. 11. Great Britain's pieseut Hopes and Joys
opened, in two sermons; the former on the national
thanksgiving-day, December 31, 17IIG, the latter the day
following, being Xew-year's day, Psalm l.\v. 11. 12. Two
Funeral Sermons ; one on Dr. Samuel Benyon, the other
on the Rev. Mr. Francis Tallents, ministers of the gospel
in Shrewsbury, with an account of their lives, 17U9. 13.
A Method for'Prayer, with Scripture Eipressions proper
to be used under e.ach head, 1710. 14. A Sermon con-
Henry," John Joseph, 1758-1810 ? Presiding Judge corning the Work and Success of the Ministry 1710. 15.
of the "e^c'ondl "strict of Pennsylvania, entered the army Disputes Reviewed; a f™-" P-.-'^^f/ /'^.i^O^'^'^';;?
at the asre of 17, and accompanied Arnold through the , lecture on the Lords day, Irom Mark ix. 33, 1,10. lb.
^^r:^:^^.. to Quebel. Ills account of t4 ex- Faith in Cl^rist }nr^.^^^^-^ Z^^^ ^JT^Z
pedition w.as pub. at Lancaster, 1812. 12mo,
Henry, Joseph, late Professor of Natural Philosophy
in the College of New Jersey ; Secretary of the Smithson-
ian Institute at Washington, D.C., since its first organiza-
tion in 1816 ; has pub. many valuable papers on electricity
and magnetism in Amer. Philos. Trans., Silliman's Jour,
of Amer. Science, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Ac.
Contributions to Electricity and Magnetism, Phila., 1839,
Henry, Matthew, 1662-1714, the second son of
Philip Henry, was born at his father's residence, Broad
Oak farm-house, in Flintshire, N. Wales. He was remark-
able for the early development of his mind; and it is
affirmed that at three years of ago he read the Bible dis-
tinctly, and with a wonderful comprehension of its mean-
ing. From his early years he evinced a decided inclina-
tion to the ministry. His excellent father made it a rule
that his children should spend an hour together every
Saturday afternoon in devotional exercises; and we are
told that
'' On these occasions Matthew presided, and gave intimations
of his subsetiuent delight in God's service, too distinct and too
impressive to be either overlooked or fori-otten. If at such times
he thought bis sisters impropeily curtailed their prayer.s, he
would gently expostulate; telling them that 'it was impossible,
in so short a time, to include all the cases and persons they had
to recommend to God.' "
His father being a Non-conformist, he was deprived of
the privilege of entrance at either of the universities, and
was placed under the charge of Mr. Thomas Doulittle, of
Islington. For a short time subsequently he frequented
Gray's Inn, and acquired some knowledge of the law. In
1686 he commenced preaching, and in the next year ac-
cepted the pastoral charge of a church at Chester. In
1712, after twice declining, he acceded to an urgent in-
vitation to take charge of the church of the late Dr.
Bates, of Hackney. One strong inducement to this
change was the necessity of a London residence to the
proper oversight of the publication of his Commentary
on the Scriptures, then in the press. In his new field, as
in his former location, he was indefatigable in his labours,
which wore greatly blessed. In May, 1714, he made a
visit to his old friends in Cheshire, and upon his return
home was taken ill at Nantwich. Anticipating a fatal
issue, he said to Mr. lUidge :
"You have been used to take notice of the sayings of dying
men. This is mine: th.it a life spent in the service of God and
communion with him is the most pleasant life that any one can
live in this world."
His death occurred on June 22, 1714, in the fifty-
second year of his age.
A more truly excellent man in all the relations of life
we should be at a loss to find. That odd person, John
Dunton, says of him,
" All his actions .ippear to be perfectly devoftd to God, strictly
observing St. Paul's rule in the 4th of the Philippians, ' What-
soever things are honest,' ic, which Mr. Henry does with that
exactness and sincerity, the very Churchmen love him. and even
Malice is angry she ran find no cause to be angry with him."
A list of his works, according to Middleton's Evangeli-
cal Biography :—l. A Small Discourse concerning the
Nature of Schism, 1689. 2. His Father's Life, 1696. 3. A
Discourse about Meekness and Quietness of Spirit, on
1 Pet. iii. 4, to which is added. A Sermon preached at Mr.
Howe's Meeting-house in London, 1698. 4. A Scripture
Catechism, 1702. 5. Family Hymns: gathered most out
of David's Psalms, and all out of the inspired writings,
1702. 6. A Plain Catechism for Children. 7. A Sermon
concerning the right Management of friendly visits:
preached at Mr. Howe's meeting in London, 1704. 8. A
Church in the House : preached at Mr. Shower's meeting,
and published at the request of the congregation, 1704.
9. The Communicant's Companion; or. Instructions and
Helps for the right receiving of the Lord's Supper, 1704.
the For-
preached on the Tuesday's lecture at Salters'
John xiv. 1, 1711. 17. A Sermon concerning
giveness of Sin as a Debt, on Matt. vi. 12, 1711. 18. Hope
and Fear balanced; in a lecture at Sailers' Hall, Ju'y -^.
1711. 19. A Sermon preached at the Funeral ot Mr.
Samuel Lawrence, minister of the gospel at Nantwich in
Cheshire, on Phil. ii. 27, 1712. 20. A Sermon preached
at Salters' Hall, to the Societies for the Retormation of
Manners, June 30, 1712. 21. A Sermon preached at Ha-
berdashers' Hall, on the Occasion of the Death of the
Reverend Mr. Richard Stretton, July 13, 1712. 22. Di-
rections for Daily Communion with God : in three Ser-
mons ; shewing how to begin, how to spend, and how to
close, every day with God, Sept. 8, 1712. 23. An Exhorta-
tion at the close of the Ordination of Mr. Samuel Clark at
St. Alban's, Sept. 17, 1712. 24. Popery a Spiritual Ty-
ranny; shewed in a Sermon preached on Nov. 6,lil2.
25. A Sermon preached at the ordination of Mr. AtkinsoDj
Jan. 27, 1713. 26. A Sermon preached on occasion of
the "Fun'cr.al of the Rev. Mr. Daniel Burgess, Feb. 3, 1713.
27. Christ's Favour to little Children opened and improved ;
in a sermon preached at the public baptizing of a child in
London, on Mark x. 16, March 6, 1713. 28. A Sermon
concerning the Catechizing of Youth ; preached to Mr.
Harris's Catechumens, April 7, 1713. 29. Self-Considera-
tion necessary to Self-Preservation; or. The Folly of
despising our own Souls and our own Ways, opened in
two sermons to young people, June 14, 1713. 30. Sober-
mindedness pressed upon Young People ; preached at the
catechistical lecture at Mr. Wilcox's meeting-place, and
printed at the desire of many of the Catechumens, most
of them being ministers' sons, Sept. 2, 1713. 31. A Me-
morial of the Fire of the Lord, in a sermon preached
Sept. 2, 1713, on Num. xi. 3, being the day of remem-
brance of the burning of London, at Mr. Reynold's meet-
ing-house. 32. The Pleasantness of a religious life
opened, proved, and recommended to the consideration
of all. and particulariy of young people. May 21, 1714.
33. His Expositions of the Bible; "in which he has gone
throut'h the Old Testament in four large volumes folio,
and through the Evangelists and the Acts of the Apostles
in a fifth ; and was fully bent, if God had spared his life,
to have finished the whole in another volume : but in that
death has prevented him." 34. An Account of the Life
and Death of Lieutenant lUidge, father to Mr. George
Illidge, of Nantwich, Mr. Henry's very particular friend.
35. A Treatise on Baptism, abridged from the original
MS. by Thomas Robins, 1783.
A number of sermons and papers have been recently
pub. for the first time in the last collective eds. of his
Miscellaneous Works.
There have been new eds. of many of Henry's works,
and several collections of his Miscellaneous Writings.
1 Miscell. Works, with Life by Rev. Wm. Tong, Lou.,
1726, fol. 2. 1811, 4to, pp. 876. 3. By Rev. C. Bradley,
1823, 12mo. 4. With Preface by Sir John B. Williams,
and numerous serms. now first printed, and forty serma.
by Philip Henry, 1830, imp. 8vo. 6. Selections, with
Memoir, 2 vols. r. Svo. 6. Miscell. Works, containing, lU
addit. to those hitherto pub., numerous Serms. and Papers
now first printed; with Funeral Serms. of Tong, Reynolds,
and Williams, and forty serms. by Philip Henry, 1855,
2 vols. r. Svo, xxiv., 1419 ; with portrait. Pub. by Car-
ter & Bros., N. Y'ork. A reprint of No. 4.
" Very popular; his style short and pointed; many antitheses;
a little fanciful : be makes his heads begin with the same letter,
or some chiming words, vet oftentimes natural. Great serious-
ness ; sprightly thoughts, digested iu very good order. Ills style is
formed on Scripture, and he has many beautiful allusions to it.
— Dr. Doddridge.
'■ The h.sbit of sprightly and apt allusion to Scripture facts, and
the use of Scripture language, which Mr. Hemy diligeutly culti-
HEN
HEN
vated. has not only enriched, but unspeakably enlivened, his
miscellaneous writings. . . . Ilis diction, always expressive, is
often folic'itous; and. though it malies no pretension to elegance,
is both nervous and forcible. . . . Ills allusion and imagery, in like
manner, always please .tnd always edify; the former, because
they are generally scriptural ; the Iatt«r, Iw^ause. like the parables
of our Lord, they are derived from the most common occurrences."
— Sir J. B. Williams.
Of the Commentary on the Old and New Testament
there have heen many ede. 1. Lon., 1710, 5 vols. fol.
First collective ed. *2. 1737, 5 vols. fol. 3. 1761-63,
6 vols. fol. 4. Edin., 1767, 6 vols. fol. 5. 1779, (6 vols,
fol.?) 6. Lon.. 1792, 6 vols. 4to. 7. Edin., 1797, 6 vols.
4to. 8. Revised ed.. by Rov. Geo. Burder and Rev. Jos.
Hughes, with a Life of the Author by Samuel Palmer,
Lon. and Edin., ISll, 6 vols. 4to. 9. The same, with a
Pref. bv Archibald Alexander, D.D., Phila., 1833, 6 vols,
r. 8vo. 'Firi-t Amer. ed. 10. Stratford, 3 vols. fol. 11. With
Introductory Remarks by Rev. E. Bickersteth, Lon., 1827,
6 vols. 4to. 12. Ditto, 1S27, 6 vols. 4to. 13. Ditto, 1S32,
6 vols. 4to. 14. Ditto, 1846. 6 vols. 4to. 15. Ditto, 1849,
6 vols. 4to. 16. With Life of the author by Sir J. B. Wil-
liams, 1828, 3 vols. imp. 8vo. 17. Ditto, 1849, 3 vols,
imp. 8vo. 18. Another ed., 1830. 19. Another ed., 1833.
20. Another ed., 1835. 21. Another ed., 1836. 22. With
Life by Rev. 11. Davis, 1844, 6 vols. 8vo. 23. Another ed.,
1848-49, 3 vols. 4to. 24. New York. Carter & Bros., 6 vols.
r. 8vo. 25. Again, by the same, 1855. 5 vols. 4to. There
are also — an Abridgment, by Bloomfield, Lon., 2 vols. 4to.
Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, 1840, r. Svo ; of the
Book of Psalms, 1852, p. 8vo. The Beauties of Henry:
a Selection of the most striking Passages in his Exposition
of the Bible, by J. Geard, 1797, 12mo.
The London Religious Tract Society pub., in 1831-35,
in 12nio form without the text, and in super-roy. 8vo
with the text and marginal references, a Commentary on
the Bible from Henry and Scott, with numerous Notes
and observ. from other Authors. This work was received
with such favour that more than 200,000 vols, were sold
by the end of the year 1840. We have already noticed
with commendation (p. 69) the Comprehensive Com-
mentary (Phila., 6 vols. r. Svo) which is based principally
upon Henry's Exposition.
We now proieed to adduce some testimonies to the
value of Henry's invaluable Commentary upon the Holy
Scriptures. It will be remembered that the author only
lived to complete his work to the end of the Acts of the
Apostles. The remaining books were commented upon,
with the assistance of Henry's MSS., by the following
Dissenting divines:
1. Romans, John Evans. 2. 1st Corinthians, Simon
Brown. 3. 2d Corinth, and 1st and 2d Thessal., Daniel
Mayo. 4. Galatians, Joshua Bayes. 5. Ephesians,
Samuel Roswell. 6. Philipp. and Coloss., Wm. Harris.
7. 1st and 2d Timothy, B. A. Atkinson. 8. Titus and
Philemon, Jeremiah Smith. 9. Hebrews and Revelation,
Wm. Toug. 10. James, Samuel Wright. 11. 1st Peter,
Zechariah Marriot. 12. 2d Peter, Joseph Hill. 13. 1st, 2d,
and 3d John, Thos. Reynolds. ] 4. Jude, John Billingsley.
"The continua,tors are not all equal to the original; which is
easily accounted for, as they accommodated theiD.eelves to the
manner of their predecessor, in which no man could excel but
himself."— OaME: Bibl. Bib.
"Henry is, perhaps, the only commentator ^o large that de-
serves to be entirely and attentively re^id through. The remark-
able passages should be marked. There is much to be learned in
a speculative, and more in a practical, way." — Dr. DuDDRinoE.
Having read Henry's Commentary *' entirely and atten-
tively through," we can heartily endorse Dr. Doddridge's
commendation.
" There is no comment on the Bible, either ancient or modern,
in all respects equal to Mr. Henry's." — Rev. W. Rom.\ine.
"The learned leisure of the universities, or the sanctioned
names of dignitaries, may have produced works which rank higher
in the esteem of scholars; but Matthew Henry stands without a
rival as an expositor of Scripture for the edification of the Church
of God." — Ilistnry of DisKrnters.
"Mr. Henry's admirable Commentary on the Scriptures, which
hath been blessed to the instruction aud edification of hundreds
of miuisters, and thousands of Christians, for more than a cen-
tury, still maintains its reputation above most, if not all, other
commentaries." — Bumham's Pious 3f'-vif>rials,
"As long as the Bible continues, in England. Mr. Henry's ad-
mirable Expositions will be prized by all serious Christians." —
William To.ng.
Dr. Adam Clarke, referring to the many abridgments
of various commentaries, remarks respecting those from
Henry :
" Every one of which, while professing to lop off his redundan-
cies and supply his deficiences, falls, by a semi-diameter of the
immense orb of literature and religion, shoi-t of the author bim-
Belf. . . . Hh is always orthodox, generally judicious, truly pious
and practical."
'• Nor is it feeble pr.aise that the apostolic Whitefield, whose
labours and virtues inspired even the pen of Cowper, was trained,
as a Christi.an aud a preacher, by Mr. Henry's Commentiiry; that
he literally studied it on his knees, read it through four times,
and. to the close of life, spoke of its author with profound venera-
tion*, ever calling him * the great Mr. Henry.' "
Robert Hall declares :
" 1 discern new beauties in Henry every day."
We are told in his memoirs :
'* For the last two years he read daily two chapters of Matthew
Henry's Commentary. As he proceeded, he felt incieasing in-
terest and pleasure ; admiring the copiousness, variety aud pious
ingenuity of the thou'j;hts. the simplicity, strength, and preg-
nancy of the expressions. He earnestly recommended the Com-
mentary to his daughters ; and, on hearing the eldest reading for
successive mornings to the second, he expressed the highest
delight."'
" ' I have often read portions of Henry's Commentary, and con-
sulted it; but I have now begun with the first chapter of Genesis,
and I mean to read the work through regularly. I have set my-
self, sir, two chapters every morning, and I anticipate it as a
feast. This is the way to read Matthew Henry, sir. I discover
new beauties iu him every day, that are not obvious wheu read-
ing detached parts. I would advise you to adopt the same
method, sir; you will be quite delighted with it. 1 have found
that the most pious persons of my acquaintance, in the latter
period of their lives, have been great readers of Henry. There
must be something next to inspiration in him, sir; for as face
answers to face, so does the heart of one Christian to another.' I
asked his opinion of Scott's Commentary. ' Oh, it is a good work,
sir, but it is not to be compared to Henry; there is not that
unction of spirit that there is in Henry.' " — Green's Reminiscences
of Hubert Hall.
"It would be almost ill-judged partiality to maintain that he
equals Dr. Owen in profound and continuous thinking, or L*r.
Barrow in accuracy and elaboration, or Dr. Bates in affluent
phraseology, or Jeremy Taylor and John Howe in noble daring
and seraphic elevation. lie belongs to a totally different school,
— one less cumbrous, le^s obscure. less refined, less eloquent. It
is praise sufficient to claim for him the fancy of Quarles, the
affection of Flavel. the gentleness of Herbert, the good sense of
Tillotson. and the terse sententiousnessand antithetical point of
Bishop Hall."— Williams.
" The Commentary of Matthew Henry has for above a century
been highly piized by Christians of all denominations; nor has
any sulsequent one rendered it less valuable, or less desirable in
every Christian library. With such views of the virtue and ex-
cellence of this work, views which the writer has long entertained,
and some sense of the benefit which he trusts that he has person-
ally derived from it for many years, he has great pleasure in making
these introductory remarks. . . . Very practical and edifying,
lively, sound and devotional."— Rev. Edward Bickersteth.
"Mr. Henry's work has long enjoyed a high and deserved repu-
tation. The work is distinguished, not for the depth of its learning
or the originality of its views, but for the sound practical pifty
and large measure of good sense which it discovers. The author
was well acquainted with the character and ways of God, and pro-
foundly versant in the science of human nature; so that from his
own experience he very often instructs and edifies his readers.
He often leaves difficulties unremoved and even unnoticed: and
there is a peculiar quaintness in the turn of many of his remarks,
which renders his work somewhat repulsive to persons of fastidious
taste: but few books of such extent on the Bible contain so much
writing to the purpose, or are so well fitted to promote the general
good of men." — ORME: Bibl. Bib.
" It is chiefly practical; yet, without any parade of learning, it
frequently contains good explanations of difficult passages. The
numerous editions through ^\bich it has passed sufficiently attest
the great estimation in which it is held.''— T. II. Horne: Bibl. Bib.
"This work has now been before the Christian community for
more than a hundred years, and has. from its first publication,
been so well received, and is so generally approved, that all recom-
mendation of the work seems now superfluous. . . . Many other
valuable commentaries, it is true, have been given to the public
since this work was first edited, and have deservedly gained for
themselves a high estimation and extensive circulation. But it
may be safely said that Henry's Exposition of the Bible has not
been superseded by any of these publications, and, iu those points
in which its peculiar excellence consists, remains unrivalled. For
some particular purposes, and in some particular respects, other
commentaries may be preferable; but. taking it as a whole, and
as adapted to every class of readers, this Commentary m.ay bes;iid
to combine more excellences than any work of the kind which
was ever written in any language. It may be more necessary for
the unlearned to read such works as this, than for the learned;
yet I am persuaded that there is no man living, however learned,
but might derive much practical instruction from Henry's Expo-
sition of the Bible; and if ministers of the gospel would spend
much time in perusing this work, it would manifest itself by the
richness and spirituality of their setnions and lectures." — Arcui-
BALD Alexander, D.I).: I^\facc to Ilenrt/'s Commaitari/.
Henry, Patrick, 1736-1799. a native of Hanover
county, Virginia, was a son of John Henry, of Aberdeen,
Scotland, who was a cousin to David Henry, of the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, and a nephew of the celebrated histo-
rian, Dr. Robertson. It will thus be seen that Patrick
Henry was a cousin of the celebrated Lord Brougham.
Henry was one of the first and most strenuous advocates
of American Independence, and, having distinguished him-
self by great eloquence at the Bar, he was in 1763 elected
a member of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, as an
opponent of the Stamp Act; in 1774 ho was a delegate to
the first Congress of the Colonies; in 1776 he was elected
HEN
HEN
Governor of Virginia; in 1786 he was a representative to
the Convention held at Philadelphia for the purpose of
revising the Federal Constitution j in 1794 he retired from
public iife, and died in 1799.
For further partii-uhirs respecting Patrick Henry and
the extraordinary powers of eloquence for which he was so
famous, we refer the reader to Wirt's Life of Henry, (first
pub. in 1817;) Life, by Alexander H. Everett, in Sparks's
Amer.Biog., Second Series, i. 207-39S ; Life, by G. S.Arnold,
N.York, 1855, lOmo; Speeches of Henry, Ames, Pinckney,
Ac., Phila., 8vo; the histories of the period; art. in N. A.
Review, vi. 29'^, by Jared Sparks; art. on American Ora-
tors and Statesmen, in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixvii. 1-53, by A.
Hayward ; in South. Lit. Mess., xiii. 505, by E. L. Magoon ;
in Meth. Qiiar. Rev., i. 122; in Analec. Mag., vi. 376, x.
441 ; Reminiscences of, by Dr. Archibald Alexander, in
Princeton Mag., and in Liv. Age, xxvi. 205.
The meagre report of Henry's Speeches in our posses-
sion is of the most unsatisfactory character:
"They fall, of course, far below his fame; and it is, after all, on
the faith of mere tradition, attested, however, by tacts too nume-
rous and of too public a character to leave it in any way doubtful,
that the prrsent aud future generations will acknowledqe the jus-
tice of bis claim to ihe proud title that has beeu (riven him of the
greatest, orator of the New World. ' — Alexander II. Everett ; Life
of Hairy.
" On the retrospect of so many years, T may be permitted to ex-
press my Tiews of the extraordinary effects of Henry's eloijuence.
. . . The power of Uenry's eloquence was due, first, to the great-
ness of his emotion and passion, accompanied with a versatility
which enabled him to assume at once any emotion or passion whiub
was suited to his ends. Not less indispensable, secondly, was a
matchless perfection of the organs of expression, including tlie
entire apparatus of voice, intonation, pause, gesture, attitude, and
in descri liable play of couateuance.'' — Dr. Archibald Alexander :
SetnimsceJices of Henri/.
"Every look, every motion, every pause, every start, was com-
pletely filled and dilated by the thought which he was utterinir,
and seemed indei-d to furm a part of the thought itself." — William
Wibt: Life of Hen rt/.
"The times in which he lived were suited to his genius: in
other times we doubt if his peculiar powers would have raised him
to a higher distinction than that of an eloquent speaker at the
bar. . . . The secret of his eloquence unquestionably rested in his
power of touching the springs of p.tssion aud feeling, lie had
little to do with the understanding or judgment of his hearers." —
Jared Sparks: iV. A. Rev., vi. 322; March. 1818.
"The forest-born Demosthenes." — Lord Byron.
Henry, Philip, 16.11-1696, father of Matthew Henry
the commentator, aud also a Non-conformist, was a native
of AVhitehall, London ; educated at Christ Church, Oxford ;
ordained by the Presbytery in 1657, and became minister
of Worthenbury ; ejected at the Restoration, and lived
in retirement until the Dissenters were allowed to preach,
when he devoted himself with great zeal to the instruction
of the thousands who thronged to hitu in varinus parts
of the country near bis residence at Broad Oak. His holy
and useful life has been admirably described by his ex-
cellent son, the commentator: see Henry, Matthew.
1. 18 Serins., selected from his original MS., and 2 serms.
preached at his death by F. Tallents and M. Henry; now
first pub., with Notes by Sir J. B. Williams, Lon., 1S16, 8vo.
"The excellency of these discourses consists chiefly in the per-
tinent introduction aud close application of Scripture." — Lon.
Eclectic Rccipw.
2. Skeletons of 100 Scrms., 1S.34, 12mo. 3. Exposition
of the first XL Chapters of Genesis; pub. from an Original
MS., 1838, ISmo.
"A precious relic of Christian piety aud wisdom." — Sir J. B.
TVlLLIAMS.
4. Select Remains of Philip Henry and Matthew Henry,
from unpub. MSS., by Sir J. B. Williams, sm. Svo. New
ed., 1849, ISmo. See Sir John B. Williams's ed. of Mat-
thew Henry's Life of Philip Henry, with important addits.,
Notes, &c., 1825, Svo.
"The additions and illustrations suffii'iently attest the merits
of the editor's performance, and recommend the volume to the
attention of our readers as a valuable accession to every library."
— Lon. EcUc. ltd'., April, 1S26.
Also highly recommended by Robert Hall: seehisWorks,
ed. 1853, Lon., v. 541. Forty-one Sermons, On What Christ
is made to Believers, will be found appended to Sir J. B.
Williams's ed. of Matthew Henry's Miscellaneous Works,
1830, imp. Svo; N. York, 1855, 2 vols. r. Svo.
" Uis expounding and preaching was plain and pleasant, warm
and savoury, full and overtlowiug, and such as few could reach,
and gre;itly blessed by God." — V. Tallents.
Many of bis extemporaneous comments on portions of
Scripture read at family worship will be found recorded
in his son's Exposition. A quaint writer, whom we fre-
quently have occasion to quote, bears the following high
testimony to the pulpit ministrations of Philip Henry:
"Should Angels come from Heaven, ('tis my sense.)
They'd not be heard with greater reverence;
AH Pulpits own his learned pieces raise
A work to tronlile Fame, astonish Praise
His Comments are so full, and yet so trim,
We praise all virtues in admiring him."
John Dunton.
Henry, Robert, D.D., 1718-1790, a Scotch Presby-
terian divine, a native of Muirtown, St. Ninian's, Stirling-
shire, was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and
subsequently became master of the gramniar-sehool of
Annan. He was licensed to preach in 1716; officiated at
Carlisle from 1748 to 1760, at Berwick-upnn-Tweed, 1760
to 1763; minister of the Church of the New (Irey-Friara,
1763-76; cidleogue-minister in the old ehurcli 1776-
90; Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church
of Scolhmd, 1774. As an author he is most favourably
known by a History of Great Brit:nn, pub. in 6 vnls. 4to:
vol. i., 1771 : ii., 1774 ; iii., 1777 ; iv., 1781 ; v., 1785 ; vi.,
posth., edited by Laing. with the Life of Henry prefixed,
1793. The history embraces the period from the first in-
vasion of" the Romans under Julius CaesJir to the death of
Henry VIIL A French trans, was pub. in 1789-96, by
MM. Rowland and Cnntwell. A Continuation, by Jumea
Petit Andrews, from the death of Henry VIII. to the Ac-
cession of James L, was pub. in 1794, 4to ; 179li, 2 vols.
Svo; 3d ed., 1806, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed. of Henry's Hist.,
1788, 10 vols. Svo: 3d ed., 1796, 10 vols. Svo; 1800, 12
vols. Svo; 4th and best ed., with a general index, 1805,
12 vols, Svo; 5th ed.. 1814, 12 vols. Svo; 6th ed., 1823,
12 vols. Svo; an indifferent ed.
We have already noticed the plan of Henry's History,
the Continuation of Andrews, and the e.x:cellent History
of England upon Henry's plan, somewhat modified, pub.
by Charles Knight, in our life of J. Petit Andrews. Dr.
Henry divides his work into periods, and treats of each
in seven distinct points of view, — viz.: Chap. I. Civil and
Military History. II. History of Religion. III. History
of the Constitution, Government, Laws, and Courts of Jus-
tice. IV. History of Learning, of Learned Men, and of
the chief Seminaries of Learning. V. History of Arts.
VI. History of Commerce, Shipping, Money, «tc. VII.
History of Manners, Customs, ifec.
To this great work Henry devoted the anxious labour
of nearly thirty years; and he has certainly accumulated
a vast store of useful information. But to write philoso-
phically and entertainingly upon so nmny heterogeneous
subjects exceeds inau's might. Even \vhen the scope is
far less ambitious, the charm of stylo possessed by a Huuie,
a Robertson, a Macaulay, a Prescott, or a Bancroft, can
alone interest the desultory reader in historical details.
For all practical purposes, Henry's history hns been su-
perseded by the noble work pub. by Charles Knight. Lon.,
11 vols. r. Svo, (with Index vol..) 1849-50, which we have
already particuhirly described in our life of J. Petit An-
drews. But Henry's history {with Andrew's Continuation,
14 vols. Svo, 1S05-06) is well worth the trifling sum of 35
to 40 shillings demanded by the booksellers.
'■ Too mu'.h cannot be said of iis arrangement, nor for the great
store of valuable mateiiitis which it contains, which took the au-
thor thiHy years in collecting from every book on record that
related to the History of Great Britain, many of which few ever
saw. and fewer would take the trouble to investigate." — Lon. Re-
trospective Ucview.
'•A work of no inconsiderable reputation, notwithstanding the
nefarious malignity with which Gilbert Stuart endeavoured to
blast the fruit of the author's labours, ruin him in his fortune,
and hvenV. bis heart." — Lon. Quar. K<:v.
'■Considerable merit in the execution and complete originality
in the plan of his history."' — Lord Cockbum's Memorialtn/his Time.
"The work of Dr. Henry is an ornament and an honour to his
country." — DUxUn's BU)li*miania.
" Hut it is of Henry's History that I would speak in the warmest
language of approbation." — Dibdui's Lib. Ooinp.
"The history is compiled with great erudition and fidelity, and
the plan has been highly extolled; but his style is not attractive,
nor has the capricious taste of the public rescued the work from
neglect." — Chanxellor Kext.
'• Much of this sort of information, [respecting the enrly consti-
tutional history of England,] and of every other historical informa-
tion, may be found in the History of Dr. Henry: but the same
facts, when collected and printed in a modern dress, properly ar-
ranged, and to be read without ditficulty, as they are in the work
of Dr. Henry, no longer excite the same reflection nor obtain the
same possession of the memory which they do when seen in some-
thing like their native garb, in their proper place, and in all fho
simplicity, singularity, and quaintness which belong to thtm." —
Frof. Smyth's LeM^. on Mod. Hist.
So much as regards the collocation of records and em-
bodiment of facts; but when the cumulative labours of
the clerk should be succeeded by the analytical specula-
tions of tbo philosopher, we have the opinion of an emi-
nent authority of our own day, that Dr. Henry — aud
especially in the department referred to by Professor
Smyth — sadly fails :
825
HEN"
HEN
"Those parts of Henry's history which profess to trace the pro-
gress of government ai-e still more jejune than the rest of his
Tolumes."— Pre/, to IlcUlam's Vum of Europe during the Middle
Ages.
The base conspiracy of Gilbert Stuart "to blast the
fruit of Henry's labours, ruiu him in his fortune, and
break his heart," referred to by the Quarterly reviewer, in
a preceding quotation, has been treated of at great length
by Disraeli in his Calamities of Authors ; and to that work
we must send the reader for this sad story of fiendish ma-
lignity and petty spite. Stuart commenced his attack on
Henry by a severe critique in his Edinburgh Magazine
and Review, (established by him in 1773,) on a sermon of
the latter preached before the Society for Promoting Chris-
tian Knowledge, in 1773. As respects the History, Stuart
remarks in one of his letters, dated Dec. 13, 1773 :
"David Hume wants to review Henry; but that task is so pre-
cious that I w ill undertake it myself. Hoses, were he to ask it as
a favour, should not have it; yea, not even the man after God's
own heart."
The profanity of this language is a fair index to the
character of the man and the impartiality of the prospect-
ive reviewer. In the London Monthly Review for Janu-
ary, 1774, appeared a review of Henry's History, and
respecting this article Stuart remarks :
'■To the former (the Monthly Heview) I suppose David Hume
has transcribed the criticism he intended for us. It is precitms,
and would divert you. I keep a proof of it in ray cabinet fur tha
aumseinentof friends. This great philosopher besins to dote."—
Wt March, 177-i.
To this letter Disraeli appends the following note :
"The critique on Henry in the Monthly Review was written
by Hume; and, because the philosopher was candid, he is here
Sivid to have doted."— OWd/Hifj'e;; of Authors.
But we agree, with Chambers and Thomson's Diet, of
Eminent Scotsmen, (see vol. iii. 31, ed. 1855.) that this
Was not the review which Hume penned. The article
referred to by Stuart and Disraeli is now before us ; and
Hume would not have been likely to have remarked that
" It is not every one who can rise to the ingenuity, the diguily,
and (he elegance, of a Hume and a Kobertson."
The verdict of this reviewer — whoever he may be — and
that of Stuart are indeed sufficiently unlike: the former
admits that
" Whatever farther defects might be pointed out in the present
per forma nee, it must be acknowledged tbat. upon the whule, it
possesses considerable merit. The author, indeed, is not distin-
guished by elevation of genius, by philosophical penetration, or
by a capacity of rising to the highest species of histoiical compo-
sition ; but he possesses a great share of good sense, and his dili-
gence and labour must have been uncommonly great. He refers
always to his authorities. His style, if not elegant or remarkably
nervous, is clear, and for the most part, though not univeisally,
correct. Asa collection of facts and materLils, Dr. Henry's History
of Great Britain cannot but be peculiarly useful. It is a work
■which every gentleman would wish to place in his librarv. that
he may be able to consult it on proper occasions."— ian. Month.
Jiev., \.19-1-'2D2.
B-ut the implacable Stuart will allow Henry no merits
whatever :
" He neither furnishes entertainment nor instruction. Diffuse,
Tulgar. and ungrammatical. he stiips history of all her ornaments.
As an antiquary, he wants accuracy and knowledge; and, as an
historian, he is destitute of lire, taste, and sentiment. His «oik
is a gazette, in which we find actions and events without their
causes, and in which we meet with the names, without the cha-
racters, of personages. He has amassed all the refuse and lumber
of the times he would record. . . . The mind of his reader is afTected
with no agreeable emotions ; it is awakened only to disgust and
fatigue."— £r /("ft. liev. and Mag., i. 26&-270.
But in what striking contrast to this appears the candid
judgment of one who had also, to some extent, gone over
the same ground, and knew the difficulties of the path !
" His historical narratives are as full as those remote times seem
to demand, and, at the same time, his inquiries of the antiquarian
kind omit nothing which can be an object of doubt or cui iosity.
The one as well as the other is delineated with great perspicuity,
and no less propriety, which are the true ornaments of this kind
of writing ; all superfluous embellishments are avoided ; and the
reader will hardly find in our language any performance that
unites together so perfectly the two great points of entertainment
and instruction." — David Uusie: see Chambers and Thomson's
Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1865, iii. iJl.
We have already hinted that Henry would have suc-
ceeded better had he attempted less; and in this connexion
the following remarks are not out of place :
"Da. JoHASuN. — ' I have heard Henry's History of Great Britain
Well spoken of. I am told it is carried on in separate divisions,
as the civil, the military, the religious history. I wish much to
have one branch well done, and that is the history of the man-
ners of common life.'
"Dr. Robertson. — ' Henry should have applied his attention to
that alone, which is enough fur any man; and he might have
found a great deal scattered in various books had be read solely
with that view. Henry erred in not selling his first volume at a
mnderate price to the booksellers, tliat they nii-ht huxt- imsln-it
him on till he had got reputation. I sold my Histnry nf SintLuid
at a moderate price, as a work by which the booksellers mi^rht
S26
either gain or not; and Cadell has told me that Millar and he
have got six thousand pounds by it. I afterwards received a
much higher price for my writings. An author should sell his
fiisf. work for what the booksellers will give, tiil it shall appear
whether he is aii author of merit, or. which is the same thing as
to purchase-money, an author who pleases the public." — Boswdl's
Life nf Dr. Johnson.
Henry pub. his vols, at his own ri^k, and no doubt
would have profited more by them had ho enjoyed the
advantage of fair play ; nevertheless, he cleared £.S300 by
his work, including the 1000 paid him by Cadell in 17S6,
and he was complimented by a pension of £100; and
this was no contemptible sum in those times, even for
thirty years of literary toil. In our own days, indeed,
some eminent historians receive much more money for
much less labour; but Robert Henry, with all his merits,
(and these were neither few nor inconsiderable,) was. as we
have already hinted, neither a Maeauluy nor a Hallam, a
Prescott nor a Bancroft.
Henry, Uev. Robert, LL.D.. 1702-1856, a native of
Charleston, S.C., Prea. of the College of S. Carolina, 183-t-
35, and 184:0-43, filled in succession, in that institution,
the Chairs of Logic and Moral Philosophy, of Metaphy-
sics, Moral and Political Philosophy, Metaphysics and
Belles-Lettres, and of the Greek Language and Litera-
ture. The last-named professorship is now (1856) held
by Dr. Henry. He has pub. several serms.. Eulogies on
Prof. Smith, President Maxcy, and John C. Calhoun, and
contributed several papers to the Southern Review.
Henry, Thomas, apothecary of Manchester, pub. a
number of medical, chemical, and other works, 1773-83.
Henry, Thomas Charlton, D.D., 1790-1827,eldest
son of Alexander Henry, of Philadelphia, (for many
years President of the American Sunday-School Union,)
graduated, in ISH, o.t Middlebury College, and, after a
course of theological study at Princeton, wag ordained to
the ministry in 1816. In 1818 he became pastor of the
Presbyterian Church in Columbia, S.C., where he laboured
with great zeal and success for a period of five years. In
Jan. 1824 he accepted a call to the Second Presbyterian
Church of Charleston, S.C., and carried into this new
field that spirit of earnest devotion which had marked his
course from his first entrance into the ministry. In 1826
he was obliged by the failure of his health to seek the
benefit of a tbreign climate; and he accordingly spent six
months in France and Great Britain, eliciting "golden
opinions" on every side by his extensive scholarship,
refined taste, and fervent piety. On the 1st of October,
1827, he was attacked by the yellow fever, then prevalent
in Charleston, and died after an illness of four days.
Dr. Henry was tlie author of three valuable works,
viz. : — 1. An Inquiry into the Consistency of Popular
Amusements with a Profession of Christianity, Charleston,
1825. 2. Moral Etchings from the Religious World, 1828,
8vo. 3. Letters to an An.xious Inquirer; designed to
relieve the difficulties of a Friend under Serious Impres-
sions, 1828, 12mo. Pub. in Lon., 1S29. 12mo; with a
Memoir of the Author by Rev. Thos. Lewis, and a Pre-
face by John Pye Smith, D.D. This excellent work has
passed through many eds. in England and America, and
is undoubtedly one of' the very best treatises that can be
placed in the hands of an "anxious inquirer." We quote
a brief extract from a highly eulogistic review by an
eminent authority :
" In the present age there has no work appeared, perhaps, of
greater interest upon the subject of experimental religion, than
the Letters which we now take leave to introduce to the attention
of our readers. They are the production of a master-mind, deeply
read in the Scriptures, in the knowledge of the human heart, and
in the phenomena of Christian experience. . . . Dr. Smith's pre-
face must tend to secure ihe attention of the public to a work
which must very soon speak for itself in every Christian circle
throughout the land." — Lnn. Evangdind May.. April, 1S29.
Another authority remarks of this work:
" It will be found a treasure to the Anxious Inquirer; and we
hope many of otir nioi'e advanced readers who watch over the first
impressions of their younger friends will avail themselves of tha
powerful aid of this admirable treatise." — Lon. Evangelical Bo-
gisler.
" A valuable work." — Loiandes's Brit, Lib.
Henry, Capt. >V. S. Campaign Sketches of the
War with Mexico, N. York, 12mo.
Henry, Walter, Surgeon R. A. Events of a Mili-
tary Life in the Peninsula, &c. ; 2d ed., 1843, 2 vols. cr. 8vo.
" A perusal so amused us that we must invite our readers to a
participation in the ' feast of reason.' " — Lcn. Quar. Uev.
"The storming of Badajoz has been frequently described by
those present at that tremendous conflict; but we do not remem-
ber having heard any thing of it so powerfully affecting as Mr.
Henry's account.'' — Lnn. Literary Gazette.
Henry, \Vm., D.D., Rector of Urney, and Dean of
Kilialoe. Serms., &c., 1749-62.
HEN
Henry, \Vm., of Lancaster, Pa. Descrip. of a Self-
mnviii" or Sentinel Register: Trans. Amor. Soc., i. 350.
Henry, VVni., M.D., 1775-18:i6, a sun of Thioinas
Henry, of Miineliester, {anie.) 1. General View of Cho-
uiistry, I.on., 1790, 12mo. 2. Epitome of Chemistry, 1800,
12mo; Edin., 1806, Svo; 6th eJ., entitleil Elements of Ex-
perimental Chemistry, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. Svo; 1815, 2 vols.
Svo. .3. Dissert. Chemico-Medica, ie., Edin., 1807, 8yo.
Dr. Henry pub. many profess, papers in Phil. Trans., Nic.
Jour., Medico-Chirurg. Trans., and Thom. Ann. Philos.,
1797-1813, and wrote sketches of Priestley, Davy, and
WoUaston, which have heeu greatly admired.
Henryson, Edward. 1. Com. in Tit. .\. lib. secundi
Institutionum, Par., 1566, Svo. 2. Pro Eguinardo Barone
adversus Goveanum do Jurisdictiono, libri duo, Par., 1655,
Svo.
Henryson, Edward, LL.D. The Actis and Con-
stituti"UMs of tlie Kealuie of Scollaiid. Edin., 1566, fol.
Henry^>on, or Henderson, Kobcvt, a poet of the
15th century, chief-sehocdmaster of Dunlermline, Scot-
land. 1. The Traitie of Orpheus Kyng, Edin., 150S.
Printed by Chapman and Millar. 2. The Testament of
Cressid, Edin., 1593, 4to. This poem is a sequel to
Chaucer's Troilus and Creseide, and is printed in some
eds. of that poet's works. 3. Fabils, 1621; thirteen in
number. Printed by Andrew Hart. There were several
earlier eds. Reprinted for the Bannatyno Club in 1832.
One of the best of the fables is the V'poulands Mouse
and the Burgesse Mouse. But the most beautiful of all
his productions is Robene and Makyne, alleged to be the
earliest specimen of pastoral poetry in the Scottish lan-
guage. This poem, with the Testament of Cressid, was
HER
Hcnshaw, Nathaniel, M.D. Aero-Chalinos; or, A
Rcjji^tcr lor the Air, iHilil., 11)44; Lon., 1677, 12mo.
Henshaw, Tlionias. May-Dew ; Phil. Trans., 1C65.
Ilenshun, Gravenor. The Civil, Political, and
Mechanical Hist, of the Framework Knitters in Europe
and America, Netting.. 1831, Svo; all pub.
'•Ibis, though in .ceveral respects a sh.illow and prejudiced, is,
on the whole, a cuiious and intciestiii;,', wni-k; and it is to he re-
gretted that it was not finished."— il/c 'u/fcyc/i's Lit. r,/ JUit. Emn.
Henslow, Rev. John Stevens, M.A., Prof, of Bo-
tany in the Univ. of Cambridge. 1. Principles of Descrip.
and Physiog. Botany, Lon., 1835. fp. Svo; 1841, fp. Svo.
2. Letters to the Farmers of Suftolk, 1843, Svo. 3. Books
of Moses, adapted to Young Persons, 1848, 12mo. 4.
Papers in Ann. of Philos., Trans. Brit. Assoc, &c. See a
biographical sketch of Prof. H. in Knight's Eng. Cyc,
Biog., vol. vi., Supp.
Henslowe, William Henry, Curate of West Til-
bury, Essex. 1. Eight Serms., Lon., 1836, Svo. 2. Pho-
nartbron ; or. Sounils of Speech, 1841, r. Svo.
Hentz, Mrs. Caroline tee, d. Feb. 11, 1856, at
M.arianna, Florida, was a native of Lancaster, Mass., a
daughter of (Jeneral John Whiting, and a sister of Gene-
ral Henry Whiting. U.S. Army. In 1825 Miss Whiting
was married to Professor N. M. Hentz. Mrs. Hentz was a
voluminous contributor, both of prose and poetry, to the
periodicals of the day; .and many of her tales have been
collected into volumes, which proved so popular that 93,000
were sold in America in the course of three years. In
addition to the works inclmled in the fulluwing list, she
has written De Lara, or the Moorish Bride, a Tragedy,
which gained a prize of $500, (pub. in book form;) La-
morah, or The Western Wild, a Tragedy, (pub. in a news-
printed (sixty-five copies) for the Bannatyne Club, by paper at Columbus, Georgia ;) Constance of Werdenberg,
George Chalmers, in 1824, 4to, £3 13s. 6i^ Specimens ^ Tragedy, (unpuh.;) Human and Divine Philosophy, a
of Henryson's poetry will be found in the collections of ^^^^ ; ain\ other poetical pieces. 1. Aunt Patty's Scrap
271-
Hailes, Pinkerton, Ramsay, Sibbald, Irving, .and Elli
" The vai ious works of Henryson afford so excellent a specimen
of tbe Scottisli lant^uaj^e .lud veisilication, that a complete col-
lection, printed with due accuracy and accompanied with proper
illustrations, could not fail to be hi^dily acceptable to the lovers
of our early literature." — Dr. David Irving: see his Lives of the
Scottish Poets, and his article on HenrysOQ iu the Eucyc. Brit.,
and references theie subjuined.
Henshall, Samuel, d. 1S07, Rector of St. Mary,
Stratford-Bow, Essex. 1. Specimens and Parts: Hist, of
Kent, Ac., Lon., 1793, '98, 4to. 2. Saxon and English
Languages, 1798, 4to. 3. Domesday-Book; trans., with
Introduc. Notes and Illust. of S. Henshall and John Wil-
kinson, 1799, 4to. To this should bo added the recently-
made Index.
"This most ancient record in tbe kinpdnm is tbe register from
which judgment was to be given upon the value, tenure, and
services of the lands therein described, and was made from the
survey ordeied by William the Conqueror. 'It is styled rt
Hume the most valuable piece op ANTidOiTl possessed Br ani
NATION.' "
Respecting Domesday-Book, see Marvin a Leg. BibL,
_71-273, and works there referred to. 4. Serm., 1805. 5.
Etymological Organic Reasoner, ic, 1807, No. 1.
Henshaw, Uavid, 1790-1852, a native of Leicester,
Mass.; Collector of the Port of Boston. 1830-38; nomi-
nated Secretary of the Navy by President Tyler in 1843,
but not confirmed by the Senate. Ho was a frequent con-
tributor to the columns of the Boston Post, and to other
periodicals.
Henshaw, J. Sidney, changed from J. Henshaw
Belcher, by the Pcun. Legislature, in 1S45, b. Bos-
ton, 1814, descended from tbe Colonial Governor, Jona-
than Belcher. 1. Philosophy of Human Progress, 1835.
2. Incitements to Moral and Intellectual Well-doing, 1836.
3. Round the World, 1840, 2 vols. ; 2d ed., 1846. 4. Life
of Father Mathow, 1S47, ISmo. 5. U.S. Manual for Con-
suls, 1849, ISuio, &c.
Henshaw, John Prentis Kewley, D.D., d. 1852,
a native of Middletown, Conn., for many years Reetor of
St. Peter's Church, Baltimore, was consecrated Bishop of
Rhode Island in 1843. 1. On Confirmation, Bait. 2. Se-
lection of Hymns. 3. Lects. on the Advent. 4. Theology
for the People of Baltimore, 1840, Svo.
" Sound and practical."— BicAti-sftt/f's C. S.
See a review of the Life and Character of Bishop Hen-
shaw, in N. York Church Review, v. 397.
Henshaw, Joseph, D.D., d. 1678, Preb. of Peterbo-
rough, Dean of Cliichcster, 1660; Bishop of Peterborough,
1663 1. Horm Succissiva;, Lon., 1631, Svo; 2d and 3d
eds, same year; 5th ed., 1640, 12mo; 7th ed., 1661, 12mo.
New ed., by Wm. Turnbull, 1839, ISnio. 2. Dayly Thoughts ;
3d ed., 1651, Svo. New ed., with a third part by Bishop
Kidder, 1841, ISmo.
Bag, 1846. 2. The Mob Cap, and other Tales, 1848. 3.
Linda; or, the Young Pilot of the Belle Creole, 1850. 4.
Rena; or, the Snow Bird, 1851. 5. Marcus W.arland ; or,
the Lon" Moss Spring, 1S52. 6. Eoline; or. Magnolia Vale,
1352. 7. Wild Jack ; or. The Stolen Child, 1853. 8. Helen
and Arthur; or. Miss Thusa's Spinning Wheel, 1853. 9.
Ugly Effie ; or, The Neglected One and the Beauty, 1853.
10. The Planter's Northern Bride, 1854. 11. Love after
Marriage; and other Stories. 12. The Banished Son ; and
other Stories. 13. The Victim of Excitement; the Parlour
Serpent; and other Novelettes. 14. The Flowers ot Elo-
cution; aClass-Book, 1856. 15. Robert Graham; a sequel
to Linda, 1856. 16. Ernest Linwood, 1866. An interest-
ing .sketch of Mrs. Hentz, by Madame Oetavia Walton Le
Vert, of Mobile, will be found in Professor Hart's Female
Prose Writers of America.
Henville, Philip. Serms., ic, Lon., 1799, ISOO.
Hepburn, George. Tarrugo Unmasked; or. An
Answer to Apollo Mathematicns, Edin., 1698, 4to.
Hepburn, George Bnchau. General View of the
Agricult.. Ac. of Mid-Lothian, Liui., 1794, 4to.
" Always reckoned one of the best ef the many county views that
were received by the Board of Agriculture."— -D"n(lWs'</i's -Iff. B:nff.
Hepburn, James Bonaventura, 1573-1020i' a
native of Hamstocks, Haddingtonshire, Scotland, was ce-
lebrated for his knowledge of tongues. It is declared that
ho was acquainted with 3eve,ili/-lmo languages ! He pub.
a Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary, and an Arabic Gram-
mar, Rome, 1591, 4to, and left some MS. trans, from the
Hebrew. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of
Eminent Scotsmen, and authorities there quoted.
Hepburn, John. The American Defence of The
Christian Golden Rule, 1715, Svo.
Hepburn, Robert, a native of Scotland, b. 1690.
1. Demonstratio quod Deus sit, Edin., 1714, Svo. 2. Dis-
sert, de Scriptis Pitcarnianis, 1715, Svo. In 1711 l>o t^gan
the publication of a periodical paper, of which 30 Nos.
were pub., eutitled Tbe Tatlor, by Donald Macstalf ot the
North. Lord Hailes styles Hepburn , , ,., ,, .
■• Ingenii pra.>cocis et prafervidi. ' See Tytler's Life of Lord
Hepwith, John. The Caledonian Forest, Lon., 1641,
4to. A poetical tract of 14 leaves on some political cha-
racters of the day.
Herapath, Edwin John Moore, b. 1822, a b.ar-
ristcr, a son of John llerai.ath, is the editor ol a work on
Railway Law, and of Heriipath's Journal.
Herapath, John, b. in Bristol, England, 1793, is
author of a very valuable work on Mathematical Physics,
Lon., 1847, 2 vols. Svo, still (1856) in progress of publi-
cation ; and of various treatises on physics and mathema-
tics, experiments on Four and Six Wheel Locomotives, 4c. ;
HER
also editor of the Railway Maeazine, and of Herapath's
Railway Journal from 18:lS to the yirescnt time.
Herapath, Thornton John, b. in Bristol, England,
1830, a sun of William Hurapath Thornton, i8 author of
numerous niuraoirs on chemical subjects.
Herapatli, William, h. in Bristol, England, 1796,
an eminent chemist and to.ticolugist, is author of several
memoirs and reports on chemical subjects.
Herapath, William Bird, M.D., b. in Bristol, Eng-
land, a sun of William Herapath, is author of several me-
moirs on medical subjects.
Herard, Moses. His Pleadings in the Duke of Ma-
zarin's Case, Lon., 1699, 8vo.
Ileraud, J. A. 1. Stamp Tables, Lon., 1798, 4to. 2.
Stamp Laws, 1801, Svo. Supp., ISOl, Svo. 3. StampLaws
and Duties, 1824. Svo.
Heraud, John Abraham. 1. Descent into Hell;
and otlier I'ucms, Lon., I2mo. 2. Jiulgjiient of the Flood ;
a Poem, imp. ,Svo. 3. Legend of St. Luy ; and other Poems,
Svo. 4. Voyages up the Mediterranean and other Seas,
p. Svo. See Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. ; Lon. Naval and
Military Ga/.ette. 5. Salavera: a Tragedy. 6. The Two
Brotliers. 7. Videna ; a Tragedv, Svo. See Powell's Liv-
ing Autl)ors of England, N. York, 1S49 : Dr. Shelton Mac-
kenzie's cd. of Noctes Anibrosianas, 1S55, iii. 459.
Herbert, Mr. The Spanish Outlaw; a Nov., 1807, 4
vols.
Herbert, Hon. Alscrnon, 1792-1855, sixth and
youngest sou of Henry, Eail of Carnarvon, and Elizabeth
Alicia Maria, daughter of Charles, Earl of Egremont, was
educated at Eton, at Christ Church, and at E.\eter College,
and in 1815 became Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. In
1815 he was called to the Bar by the Hon. Society of the
Middle Temple. 1. Nimrod; a Discourse upon Certain
Passages of History and Fable, Part I, 1826, Svo, pp. 650.
Remodelled, 1828,2 vols. Svo; vol. iii., 1828, Svo; vol. iv.,
Pt. 1, 1829 ; vol. iv. Pt, 2, 1830. A work of great learn-
ing. 2. Britannia after the Romans, 1836-41, 2 vols. 4to.
3. An Essay on the Neo-Druidic Heresy. 4. Nennius: the
Irish Versi<in of the Historia Britonum, with an Intro-
duction aud Notes, 1S48, 41o. Eor the Irish Archieological
Society. 6. Cyclops Christianus : an Argument to disprove
the supposed Antiquity of Stonehenge, and other Mega-
lithic erections in England and Britanny, 1819, Svo.
" Mr. Ik'ibert Mas a man of extraordinary leaiuin;r and very
acute understanding, and certaiulv the foiemost wiiter in that
line of research in which he was enrra-ed.'— £oii. Ocnt. M,ia.. D-c
18o5, where see a Wosraphical skebh ot this eiiiinent scholar.
Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Torringdon. 1. A Plain
Eelatiun of the Action at Sea, between his Fleet and
the French, from June 22 to July 5, Lon., 1690, 4to. 2.
An Imparti.al Account of some remarkable Passao-es in
his Life, 1691, 4to.
Herbert, Caroline. Human Life with variations;
or, The Chapter of Accidents, 1S18, ]2mo.
Herbert, Charles. The Introduc. to the Dutch
Jurisprudence of Hugo Grotius; now first rendered into
English, Lon., Svo.
Herbert, Lord Edward, of Cherbury, in Shrop-
shire, 15S1-164S, the descendant of a very ancient family,
■which even to the present time (1S56) adorns the Republic
of Letters, was born at Montgomery Castle, in Wales, edu-
cated at University College, London, and subsequently
distinguished himself as a soldier on the continent, an
ambassador in France, and an author abroad and at home.
1. De Veritate, prout distinguitur a Revelatione Veri-
simili, Possibili, et a Fiilso, Paris, 1624; Lon., 1633, 4to.
Cui operi additi sunt duo alii tractatus : primus de c'ausis
crrorum; alter de Religione Laici, Lon., 1645, 4to; 1656,
12mo. 2. De Religione Gcntilium; Errorunniue apnd eos
Causis, Amst., 1663, 4to; 1700, Svo. In English, Lon.,
1705, Svo. In his De Veritate and De Religione Gentilium
'• His lordship seems to have been one of the first that formed
Deism into a system, and asiierted the sufBciency, universality,
and absolute peifection of natural religion, with a view to discard
all exti aoidinary revelation as useless and needless. lie seems to
assume tu himself the glory of having accomplished it yyith gieat
labour and a diligent inspection into all religions, and applauds
himself tor it as happier than any Archimedes."— Zt-tojici's Unst-
icat Writers.
"Lord Herbert of Cherbury. in his treatise De Veritate, .ind still
more in that De Ileligione i-Jenlilium. has been justly deemed
inimical to every positive religion. He admits, indeed, 'the possi-
bility of immediate revelation from heaven, but denies that any
tradition from others can have suilicient certainty. Five funda-
mental truths of natural religion he holds to be such as all man-
kind are bound to acknowledge, and damns those heathens who
do not receiie them as summarily as any theologian." — HaUam's
Lit. Hist, (if Eiirtipc.
Yet it has been observed of De Veritato, that, although
written to disprove the truth of the Scriptures, it is
HER
I "A book so strongly emhued with the light of revelation rela-
tive to the moral virtues and a future life, that no man ignorant
of the Scriptures or of the knowledge derived from them could
have writteu \l."— Editor qfith ed. of Lord Ihrberfs Life.
j . Jt is certainly not a little curious that his lordship
should have sought— and, according to his own .account,
; have received— a revelation from heaven to encourage the
publication of his work in disproof of Revelation ! He
"asked for a sign," and was answered— he assures us — by
"a loud, though yet gentle, noise from the heavens."
'-Tbere is no stronger characteristic of human nature than its
being open to the grossest contradictions. One of Lord Herbert's
chiel arguments against revealed religion is the improbability that
heaven should reveal Its will to only a portion of the earth, which
he terms purticulur religion. How could a man (supposino- the
accident genuine) who doubted of parlial, believe individual, rmc-
lutumr W hat vanity, to think his book of such imporlance to the
cause of truth, that it could extort a declaration of the Divine will
when theiulerestsofhalfmankindcould not."— Horace Walpole :
It. and N. Authors.
Lord Herbert's arguments against Revelation have been
answered by Gassendi, Baxter, Locke, Leland, Halyburton,
Bishop Van Mildert, Kortholt, &c. The work of "the last-
named is entitled De tribus Impostoribus magnis Liher,
Kiloui, 1680, Svo; Hamburg, 1701, 4to.
'■In this treatise the principles of the three great deistical lead-
ers, Herliert, Hobbes, and Spinosa. are thoroughly exposed; copious
quotations are given from their writings; and the aulbors are
exhiliited in their true light as wilful deceivers."— Bishop Van
WiLDERT.
But see Leland's Deistical Writers.
3. History of the Lite and Reign of Henry VIIL of
England, Lon., 1649, '72, '82, fol. In Kennel's C(dlee., ii.
p. 1, 1706. Also reprinted by Horace Walpole, 1770, 4to.
An excellent work.
An eminent authority, after enumerating a number of
works upon this period, remarks;
"Above all, Edward. Lord Herbert, of Cherburv, may be truly
said to have written the life and reign of King Henry the Ki^-hth-
having aciinitted himself with the like reputation as thelord-
Chancellnr Uaeon gained by that of Henry the Seventh. For in
the politic and martial part this honourable author has been ad-
mirably particular and exact, from the best records that were
extaut; though, as to the ecclesiastical, he seems to have looked
upon it as a thing out of his province, and an undert,iking more
proper for men of another profession."— Bishop Nicolsox • Ena
Hist. Lib. *''
" To this it may be added that he throws considerable li"-ht upon
our legal history. . . . The chief error in this production is, that
the noble histuiiau is too liivouiably disposed towards his hero,
and treats with too lenient and palliating a hand the cruelties and
vices of that monarch. In olher respects the Life of Henry VIII.
IS a highly valuable work, aud contains much information which
is not to be had elsewheie." — Lon. lietrospec. Rev., vii. 329 1S23
"His reign of Henry the Eighth is allowed to be a masterpiece
of histm ic biography."— Horace Walpole ; Advert, to the Life of
Lord Herbert. •' •'
" Has ever been esteemed one of the best histories in the English
language; but there is not in it that perfect candour which one
would wish, or expect to see, in so celebrated a historian. He has
given us a much juster portrait of himself than he has of Ilenrv
He appears to have laid open every foible or defect in his own cha-
racter, but has cast the monstrous vices of that merciless tyrant
into shade, and has displayed to great advantage his galla'ntry
magniticence, and generosity."- Graii.ffrr's Biag. Hist of Eng
"A book of good authority, relatively at least to any that pre-
ceded, and writteu in a manly and judicious spirit."— i/uHam's
Lit. Hist, of Europe.
'• Lord Herbert's Henry the 8th well deserves reading; he was
a free-thinker and a free writer, his information was good, and the
era particularly interesting."— Richard Farmer, D.D.
4. Expcditio Buekinghami Ducis in Ream insul.am, anno
1630, ed. Timoth. Baldwin, 1656. Svo. 6. Occasional
Verses, 1665, Svo, pp. 104, pub. by bis son, Henry Herbert,
and dedicated to Edward, Lord Herbert, his (the author's)
grandson. An extremely rare vol. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,
376, £15. Sotheby's, in 1S25, £5 5s. Bindley, Pt. 2, 65S,
£6 ISs,
" His lordship's scarce volume of Occasional Poems consists
chiefly of metaphysical love-verses; ingenious, but unnatural;
platouic in sentiment, but frequently gross in expression ; and
marked by an eccentricity which pervaded the life and chamcler
of Lord Herbert. Two short eUusions, however, may not be un-
acceptable."—i'iiri-"s Walpole's It. and X. Authors.
The critic quotes— To A Young Pale Beauty, and To Hia
Watch, When He Could Not Sleep.
" Like his brother, George Herbert, whose poems we noticed in
a fiwmer volume. Lord Herbert is often both rugged and obscure
in his verses. The swoid was much better suited to his hand
than the lyre ; and we shall not, therefore, at present, favour the
reader with any specimens of his verses."— ion. Jietrospcctive Itev..
Vll. 300, 1823. '
"Others of his poems are dispersed among the works of other
authors, particularly in Joshua Sylvester^s Lachiyma; Lachryma-
rum ; or. The Spirit of Tears distilled for the untimely Death of
Pi ince Henry, Loudon. 1613. 4to.'— Horace Walpole : Jt. mid N.
AiUkors. And see Bliss's Wood's .\then. Oxon., iii. 24^2.
6. The British Priuces ; an Heroic Poem, 1669, Svo.
7. A Dialogue between a Tutor and his Pupil, 176S, 4to.
S. Life of Lord Herbert, written by himself. Priutcd by
HER
Hornce Wnlpole. Rtrnwherry Hill. 1761, 4to. 2nf) copies
printed, Lon., 1770, 78, 'y2, 4to. With a prefatory notice
ascribed to Sir Walter Scott, 1809. Svo. New ed., 1826,
Svo. Respecting eds., see Bliss's Wood's Atben. Oxon.,
iii. 242; Lowndes's Bibl. Mao , 912-913 ; Itetrosp. Rev.,
vii. 331, 1823 : Horace Walpnle's preface to Lord Herbert's
Life; Park's Wulpuie's R. and N. Authors, iii. 19-22. Cole
styles his lordship's autobiography
"A most romiintic lite. ... He seems to be the vainest of all
mortils. as also the most of a Quixote,— .t char«cter one would not
expect in the author of De. VeriXolt." See Ulisss Wood's Athen.
Oxon.. iii. 242.
"The most extraordinary account that was ever piven by a wise
man of himself. Few b:ivi* figured so cimspicuously, in lij.'hts so
various, as the famous Lord Herbert of Cherbury. As a soldier
his valour made him a hero, and won for him the e.^teem of the
great captains of the age, Montgomery aud the Prince of Orange ;
as a knight, his chivalry was drawn from the purest founts of the
Fairy Queen. ... As a public minister, he supported the dignity
of his country, even when its Prince disgraced it. . . . These busy
scenes were mingled with, and terminated by, meditation and
philosophic enquiries. Strip each period of its excesses and errors,
and it will not be easy to trace out or dispose the life of a man of
quality into a succession of employments which would better be-
come him. Valour and military activity in youth; business of
state in the middle age; contemplation and labours for the infor-
mation of posterity in the calmer scenes of a closing life:— this
was Lord Herbert."' — Horace Walpole : Preface to Lurd Herbert's
Life.
"■ He was a person well studied in the arts and languages, a gnod
philosopher and historian, and understood men as well as bonks,
as it evidently appears in his writings."— Wood: Athen. Oxon.,
Bliss's ed., 1817, iii. 'J39.
•• Lord Herbert stands in the first rank of the public ministers,
historians, and philosophers of his aije. It is hard to say whether
his peison, his understanding, or his courage, was the most ex-
traordinary ; as the fair, the learned, and the biave, held him in
equal admiration. But the same man was wise and capricious;
redressed wrongs and quarrelled for punctilios; hated bigotry in
religion, and was himself a bigot to philosophy. He exposed him-
self to such dangers as other men of courage would have carefully
declined; and called in question the fnndamentaKs of religion
■which none had the haidiness to dispute beside himself." —
Geanger: Bififf. Hist, nf Etig., 5th ed., 18'J4, ii. ;ua.
Herbert, Sir Edward, Lord Chief-Justice of Eng-
land. An Account of the Authorities in Law upon which
Judgment was given in Sir Edward Hide's Case, Lon.,
1688, 4to. See Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., ed.
1776, 159; Sir J. Mackintosh's Works, ii. 64, 70, 76, 87.
Herbert, Evan. Serm., Lon., 1822. Svo.
Herbert, George, 1593-1632, a descendant of the
Earls of Pembroke, and a younger brother of Lord Her-
bert of Cherbury, was also born at Montgomery Castle,
in Wales ; was educated at Westminster School, and there
elected to Trinity College. Cambridge, of which he was
elected Fellow ; University Orator, 1619 ; took holy orders,
and was made Prebendary of Laytnn Ecelesia, in the dio-
cese of Lincoln, by Archbishop Williams ; and in 1630 was
presented by King Charles I. to the living of Benierton.
For the details of the biography of this eminent character
we must refer the reader to the charming narrative of
Izaak Walton. As a divine, he was distinguished for fer-
vent piety and exemplary zeal in the propagation of truth ;
as an author, he justly ranks, both in prose and poetry,
among the best writers in the language. 1. Oratio qua
Auspicatissimum Sereniss. Princ. Caroli reditnra ex His-
paniis celebravit G. H. Acad. Cantab. Orator, Cantab., 1623,
4io. 2. A Trans, of Cornaro on Temperance. 3. The
Temple; Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations, 1633,
12mo, pp. 204. Within a few years after the first impres-
sion, 20,000 copies of this work were sold. 4. Jacula Pru-
dentum ; or, Outlandish Proverbs, Sentences. &c., 1640;
2d ed., enlarged, Lon., 1651, 12mo. 5. A Priest to the
Temple ; or, "The Country Parson, his Character and Rule
of Holy Life, 1652, 12nio. Many eils. 6. Remains, 1R52,
12mo. 7. Poemata varii Argument!, ]678, 12mo. Pub.
by W. Dillingham. 8. Life, by Izaak Walton, with his
Letters, and others to his Motlier, written by Dr. Donne,
1670, 12mo. Walton's Life of Herbert is prefixed to some
eds. of The Temple, and to his Works. There have been
many modern eds. of The Temple, The Country Parson,
Ac. We notice— 1. The Country Parson, 1840,, '48, 32rao.
2. The Temple, and The Country Parson, 1847, r. 32mo;
1848, r. 32mo. 3. The Temple. 1850, sm. Svo : 1853, 18mo.
4. The Temple, and Sacred Poems, 1854, 18mo. 6. Re-
mains, 1848, 12mo. 6. Poems, 1840. 32rao; 1844, f p. Svo;
1853, 32mo. 7. Poetical Works, with Life, Critical Disser-
tations, aud Explanatory Notes, 1S53, Svo. By George
GilfiUan, (Library of the British Poets.) 8. Poetical
Works, 1855, 8vo. 9. Complete Works, 1S54, 12rao.
10. Works in Prose and Verse, with Life by Izaak Wal-
ton, and Notes by S. T. Coleridge, 1846, 2 vols. Svo; and
in 2 vols. 12mo. II. Works in Prose and Verse, with Re-
IIER
marks on his W^ritings and Sket-b of his Life, by William
Jordan, 1853, sm. Svo. 12. Works in Prose and Verse,
edited by the Rev. Robert Arid Williuott, Incumbent of
Bear Wood, 1854, fp.
"I am not aware tliat any Edition of Herbert's Poetry or Prose
has bilherto appeared with Notes or Illustrations. The present
attempt to suppW that want may, therefore, be received with some
forbearance and favour.'" — Wdlmott s Pnface. Aud see WUUuott'a
Lives of the Sacred English Poets.
But Mr. Wilmott had certainly forgotten Mr. Pickering's
ed., with Notes by S. T. Coleridge, 1846, 2 vols. Mr. Gil-
fillan's annotated ed. appeared in 1853. See Nos. 7 and
10, above. 13. Poems, illustrated by Birket Foster, Noel
Humphreys, and John Clayton, 1856, cr. Svo. The effect
of the pufdication of The Temple, in a day of abounding
literary licentiousness, was most decided and most salutary.
Henry Vaughan, in his warm acknowledgments to the
author, doubtless expressed the feelings of many;
"The first that, with any elfeotual success, attempted a diver-
sion of this fou! and overtlowiof; stream, was the blessed man,
Mr. George Herbert, whose holy life and verse gained many pious
converts,— of whom I am the least,— and gave the first check to a
most flourishing and admired \Vit of his time."— Pr-'/ucf to SiUx
Scintilluns; or, Saa-eil Puenis and Priuate PJamlations, 1660.
The eulogy of the celebrated Baxter is equally honour-
able to our author. After enumerating the characteristics
of a number of popular poets of his time, he remarks :
" But I must confess, after all, that, next the Scripture Poems,
there are none so savoury to me as Mr. George Herbert's and Mr.
George Sandys'. I know that Cowley and others far exceed Her-
bert in wit and accurate composure; but as Seneca takes with me
above all his contemporaries, because he speaketh things by
words, feelingly and seriously, like a man that is past jest; so
Herbert speaks to God like one that really believeth a God, and
whose business in the world is most with God. Heart-work and
Heaven-work make up his books." — Prefatory Address to Baj:ter's
Poetical Fragments, ICSl.
Baxter's reference to Cowley reminds us that Herbert
is least esteemed by modern readers where he npproaches
the closest to that extravagance of conceit which made
the author of the Davideis so great a favourite with his
pedantic age.
The following criticisms would have been read with un-
feigned amazement by the pupils of Cowley and their
admirers :
■' A writer of the same class, though infinitely inferior to both
Quarles and Crashaw. His poetry is a compound of enthusiasm
without sublimitv, and conceit without either ingenuity or ima-
gination. . . . When a man is once reduced to the impartial test
of time,— when partiality, friendship, fashion, and party, have
withdrawn their intluence. — our surprise is frequently excited
by past subjects of admir.%tiou that now cease to strike. He who
takes up the poems of Herbert would little suspect that he bad
been public orator of an university, and a favourite of his sove-
reign; that he had received flattery and piaise from Donne and
from Bacon ; and that the biographers of the day had enrolled his
name among the first names of his country."— ^eataff/'s Select
Beauties of Ancient English Poetry, I, liv., Iv., 1810.
Bacon's adminUion of Herbert was evinced by his dedi-
cation to him of his translation of some of the Psalms, —
"it being," as he says, his "manner for dedications to
choose those that I hold most fit for the argument."
It is believed that Herbert reciprocated the civility of
his friend by aiding him in the translation of several of
his works from English into Latin.
Henry Necle partially coincides with Headley's judg-
ment, but is disposed to place a more favourable estimate
upon Herbert's natural poetical powers :
"His beauties of thought and diction are so overloaded with
far-fetched conceits and quaintnesses, low and vulgar and even
indelicate imagery, and a pertinacious appropriation of Scripture
language and figure, in situations %vhere they make a most un-
seemly exhibition, that there is now very little probaliility of his
ever regaining the popularity which he has lost. That there was
much, however, of the real poetical temperament in the compo.'^i-
tirm of his mind, the following lines, although not free from his
characteristic blemishes, will abundantly prove;
" 'Sweet Day I so cool, so calm, so bright,'" &c.
Lects. on English Podry.
The many editions of Herbert's Poems now issuing
from the press prove that the critic was mistaken in sup-
posing that the popularity of the poet had departed, never
to return.
The judgment of the critics next to be quoted, un-
doubtedly, is that of the modern admirers of Herbert's
poetry :
'■ For ourselves, we are greatly inclined to prefer Herbert's
honielier pr.^■nls to those on which he lavished so much ingenuity.
Manv nf ib'SH latter have, indeed, fine passages; but the lofty
tbiaiLfbt ton nfteu is followed by one actually ludicrous, and the
beautiful ligme I'y another its very reverse." — Review of the
Works of George Herbert: Brit. Qiuir. Btv.
*' We think that those who have a real relish for devotional
poetry will find passages in Herbert that may refresh and delight
them: at the same time, no reader of taste and rational \iews of
reli'don but must lament and wonder at the strange and almost
HER
HER
incomprehensible turn of some of the poems." — HerherVs T^ms •
Lwj. lieirosp. Jiev., in. 215-22li, 1821.
Mr. Hallam notices the same fault in Herbert's principal
prose production :
" His Country Parson is, on the whole, a pleasine little hook;
but the precepts are sometimes so overstrained, according to our
notions, as to give an air of affectation."— /Ttfrot^uc. to the Lit. of
Europe.
Addison takes our poet to task for his exhibition of a
species of "false wit/' which "was revived by several
poets of the last age, and in particular may be met with
among Mr. Herbert's Poems."
For an explanation of the subject of Addison's censure,
which is not necessarily connected with the faults com-
plained of by the critics previously quoted, we must refer
the reader to The Spectator, No. 58.
As regards the quaintness and conceits which so greatly
oflfend the taste of the present age, Mr. Willmott shows us
that they are not altogether indefensible, ami that we are
not to condemn with hasty vehemence, without a charitable
degree of patience :
■' Even the friendly taste of Mr. Keblewas offended hy the con-
stant flutter of his fancy, forever hovering round and round the
theme. liut this was a peculiarity which the most gifted writers
admired. Drvden openly avowed that notljiiit; appeared more
beautiful to hioi than the imagery in Cowley, which some readers
condemned. It must, at least, be said, in praise of this creative
playfulness, that it is a quality of the intellect singular] v sprightly
and buoyant; it ranges over a boundless landscape, pierces into
every corner, and by the light of its own fire — to adopt a phrase
of Temple — discovers a thousand little bodies or images in the
world, unseen by common eyes, and only manifested by the rays
of that poetic sun."— /wirorfuc. to HerherVs TFoW-s, 1854; see No.
12, ante.
It would be well, therefore, for modern objectors to
what they deem Herbert's faults, before they let the dust
accumulate upon his Temple and bis Country Parson, to
ponder the above suggestions, and not to forget the fol-
lowing sagacious remarks of a critic entitled to great
deference :
" Having mentioned the name of Herbert, that model of a man,
a gentleman and a clergyman, let me add. that the quaintness of
some of his thoughts— not of his diction, than which nothinc can
be more pure, manly, and unaffected— has blinded modern readers
to the great general merits of bis poems, which are for the most
part exquisite in their kind."— S. T. Coleridge.
As for ourselves, had Herbert no other claim to our
affection, it would be suflBcient to insure our gratitude
that in the dark days of the gentle Cowper. when he
struggled for life with the "foul fiend Melfineholy" and
found no rest for his distracted and horror-stricken soul, the
soothing strains of Herbert's muse subdued the evil spirit,
and proved an effectual comforter in the time of trouble :
'■ I was struck, not long after my settlement in the Temple,
with such a dejection of spirits as none but they who have felt
the same can have the least conception of Day and night I was
on the rack; lying down in horror, and rising up in despair. I
presently lost all relish for those studies to which I had before
been closely attached. The classics had no longer any charms
for me: I had need of something more salutary than amusement,
but I had no one to direct me where to find it. At length I met
with Herbert's Poems; and, Gothic and uncouth as they were. I
yet found in them a strain of piety which I could not but admire.
This was the only author I had any delight in reading. I pored
over him all day long; and, though I found not here what I
might have found, — a cure for my malady. — jet it never seemed
so much alleviated as while I was reading' /om.''
Herbert, Henry, Earl of Pembroke. Military Equita-
tion ; or, a Method of breaking Horses, and teaching Sol-
diers toride. 17r>l,12mo; 1778,sm. Svo ; 4th ed., 1793, 4to.
Herbert, Henry John George, third Earl of
Carnarvon, d. 1849. See Carnarvon, Lord, and Gent
Mag., Feb. 1850.
Herbert, Henry William, b. in London, April 7,
1807, son of the Hon. and Rev. William Herbert. Dean
of Manchester, and the Hun. Letitia Emily Dorothea,
daughter of Viscount Allen and descended in direct male
lino from the Earls of Pembroke and Percy, was educated
at Eton, and graduated in 1828 at Caius College, Cam-
bridge, of which he is a prizeman and scholar. Mr. Her-
bert emigrated to New York in IS.'il, and from this
period until 1839 was engaged as principal Greek teacher
in Mr. Huddart's classical academy. In the latter year
be was married to Sarah, daughter of John Barker, of
Bangor, Maine, by whom he has issue one son, William
George. Since his marriage Mr. Herbert has devoted
himself solely to authorship and the sports of the fields.
Ho resides in a beautiful cottage ("The Cedars") on the
banks of the Passaic, near Newark, New Jersey. Mr. Her-
bert has been a very voluminous author; and the following
list of works exhibits sutheient evidence of great literary
industry, inspired by a remarkable versatility of talent.
Novels and Novelettes :— 1. The Brothers. 2. Crom-
83U
well. 3. Marm.aduke Wyvil. 4. The Roman Traitor. 5.
T-Ko Miller of Martigny. 6. Guarica ; or. The Carib
Bride. 7. Sherwood Forest: or. Wager of Battle. 8. The
Knights of England, France, and Scotland. 9. The Che-
valiers of France. 10. Tbe Cavaliers of England. 11.
Dermot O'Brien. 12. Persons and Pictures in French and
English History. 13. The Falls of the Wyalusing. 14.
Pierre the Partisan.
History: — 15. The Captains of the Greek Republics.
Ifi. The Captains of the Roman Republic. 17. Henry
VIIL and his Six Wives. IS. The Royal Maries of
Mediaeval History, (in MS. at the time of hi? death.)
Translations ; — 19. Matilda. 20. The Wandering Jew.
21. John Cavalier. 22. Atar Gull. 2'?,. The Salamander;
from Eugene Sue. 24, 25. Diana of Meridor and Aete of
Corinth ; from Alex. Dumas. 26. Weiss's Protestant Re-
fugees. 27. Tbe Prometheus and Ag.amemnon of ^schylus.
28. Poetry frum French and Italian Authors.
Poetry : — Many fugitive pieces.
Sporting Works, published under the name of Frank
Forester:— 29. The Field Sports of the United States
and the British Provinces in America, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo;
last ed., 1858, 2 vols. Svo. 30. The Fish and Fish-Book
of do., 1849-50, 2 vols. Svo. Both of these works are illus-
trated on wood by the author. 31. The Warwick Woodlands.
32. My Shootiug-Box. 33. The Deer-Stalkers. These three
were pub. together in London, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo, under
the title of Frank Forester and his Friends; or. Woodland
Adventures in the Middle Statesof North America. 34. The
Quorndon Hounds. 35. Young Sportsman's Complete
Manual of Fowling, Fishing, and Field Sports in general,
illustrated from drawings made from nature by the author.
Editor of — The Old Forest Ranger; Dinks and May-
hew Ou tbe Dog; Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour, <fec.
To the above list might be added The Horse and Horse-
manship in tbe United States and British Provinces of
North America; American Game in its Seasons; an edit,
of Goldsmith's Hist, of Greece, &q. Mr. Herbert was the
originator, in 1833, of the American Monthly Magazine,
and was its editor until 1835. He has also been a con-
tributor of numerous articles to The Lady's Companion;
Godey's Magazine: Graham's Magazine; Sartain's Maga-
zine; Columbian Magazine; Southern Literary Gazette ;
Democratic Review ; Turf Register ; N. York Spirit of the
Times; Now York Courier and Inquirer; New World, <tc.
Mr. Herbert's fugitive articles, if collected, would pro-
bably fill about forty duodecimo volumes. For a notice of
this popular writer, we refer the reader to the (New York)
Intemat. Mag., iii. 289-291.
At the conclusion of our notice of the literary labours
of Mr. Herbert's distinguished father — tbe Hon. and Very
Rev. William Herbert — the reader will find a glowing tri-
bute to that remarkable versatility of talent for which tbe
Dean of JIanchester was so eminently distinguished. We
need hardly observe, after what has been already recorded,
that the same power of mastery over subjects which have
little or nothing in common is not less observable in the
translator of jEschylus and the chronicler of the Wood-
land Adventures of Frank Forester and his associates in
the sports of the field. We might, indeed, trace this cha-
racteristic versatility of the family as far hack as Lord
Herbert of Cherbury, but this is a portrait which we have
wisely allowed Horace Walpole to paint in his own vivid
colours. AVe shall display as much prudence in borrowing
the pencil of another — himself one of the most eminent
of American scholars — who has graphically depicted the
prominent features of the subject of our notice :
"Mr. Herbert has long been known to the American reading
world as a writer of great and versatile powers ; a poet of vivid
imagination and vigorous style; a sucL-essful novelist; an able
and accomplished critic; and, to another class, whose reading is
comparatively limited. — the Nimrods of the land, — as a consum-
mate master of the mysteries of their craft, practically experienced
in all the ways of shooting, fishing, and hunting, and skilled to
illustrate, alike with pen and pencil, the scenes of forest, river, lake,
and hill, amidst which his amusements and their serious pursuits
chiefly lie. And now he comes before the world in another cha-
racter.— that of translator of the most difficult of the Attic trage-
dians."—Professor C. C. Felton : Review of Herherfs Trcnslationt
from JEschyUis: N. Anter. Eev., Ixix. 407Ht21.
We regret to add that, since the above was written, Mr.
Herbert fell by his own hand, May 17, 1858.
Herbert, Mary, Countess of Pembroke. See Sidney.
_ Herbert, Sir Percy. Certaine Conceptions or Con-
siderations upon tbe Strange Change of People's Disposi-
tions and Actions of these latter Times, Lon., 1652, -Ito.
The fable of Parnell's Hermit is drawn from the story
narrated un p. 220. See Beloe's Anecdotes, vi. 324.
Herbert, Philip, Earl of Pembroke. 1. Speech in th«
HER
H. of Peers, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Speech for an Accommo-
dation, 1642, 4to.
Herbert, Samuel, D.D. Occasional Serms.,1804,8vo.
Herbert, Stanley. John at Home; a Novel, Lon.,
18J:i, 3 vols. 24mo. See N. Ainer. Rev., Oct, 1854, 6.54.
Herbert, Sir Thomas, 16U6?-1682, a native of York,
of the Pembroke family, a distinguished traveller, was edu-
cated at Jesus College, O-tford, and Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. 1. A Relation of some Yeares Travels into Africa,
and the greater Asia, Ac, Lon., 1634, '38, '65, fol. ; 4th
and host ed., with addits., 1077, fol. Trans, into French
by Wiqucfort, with addits., Paris, 1663, 4to. At the end
of Herbert's work is a curious Discourse, intended to prove
that Prince Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd discovered America
about three hundred years before Columbus's first voyage.
Herbert spent four years in Asia and Africa.
" He h.is hit off in a quaint and lively style IheleadinR features
Of Persian society.''— Murrui/'s Account of Travels in Asia.
See the Catalogue in Churchill's Collection of Voyages
and Travels.
2. Threnodia Carolina ; an Acct. of the last Two Years
of Charles I., 1678. Reprinted, 1702, 8vo. Newed.,with
addits., reprinted by Mr. Nicol, 1813, 8vo. An elegant
and accurate edit. See Bliss's Wood's A then. O.\ou., iv.
15-42 ; Censura Literaria, vol. iii. ; Drake's Eboracum.
Herbert trans, several books of John de Laet's India Oc-
eidentalis, and assisted Sir Wm. Dugdale in compiling the
3d vol. of his Jlonasticon Anglicanum.
Herbert, Thomas. 1. Secunda Vox Populi ; or.
The Commons' Gratitude to Philip, Earle of Pembroke and
Montgomery, 1641, 4to. A poetical tract of four leaves,
with a wood-cut of the earl, whole length, in full robes
of office. 2. An Elegie upon the Death of Thomas, Earle
of Strafford, 1641, pp. 7. 3. News newly discovered, 1641,
12mo. 4. Keep within Compasse Dick and Robin, &c.,
1641, 12mo; Gordonstoun, 1195, £4. 5. Newes out of Isling-
ton, Ac, 1641, 12mo; Gordonstoun, 111)4, £i.
Herbert, Thomas, Earl of Pembroke. Numismata
Antiqua et Reccntiora omnis generis metalli, et moduli
seri iucisi, ic, Lon., 1746, 2 vols, in one, 4to, £7; 2 vols,
in one, fol., £11 11«. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1426.
Herbert, W. 1. Belccfe and Confession of Faith,
Lon., 1646, '48, 12mo. 2. Child-Bearing Woman, 1048,
12mo. 3. Catechism, 1648, 12mo. 4. Quadripartite Devo-
tion. 1648, 12mo.
Herbert, William, third Earl of Pembroke, 1580-
1630, a native of Wilton, Wiltshire, educated at New Col-
lege, O.xford, succeeded to his father's honours and estate,
lio\: Knight of the Garter, 1604; Governor of Ports-
mouth, 1610; Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 1626;
and about tlie same time made Lord-Steward of the King's
Household. The character of this nobleman — who is sup-
posed to be the "W. H." of Shakspeare's Sonnets — has
been admirably drawn by the Earl of Clarendon ; and to
his lordship's History of the Rebellion, Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Cion., Wood's Annals, Park's Walpole's R. and N.
Authors, Collins's Pecr.age, and Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Eu-
rope, we refer the reader. Poems, written by William, Earl
of Pembroke, Ac, many of which are answered, by way
of repartee, by Sir Benjamin Rudyard, Lon., 1660, 8vo.
With other Poems, written Ijy them occasionally and apart,
Lon., 1660, 8vo. Hallam supposes that there is an earlier
edit. New ed., with a Preface by Sir S. E. Brydges, 1817.
100 copies printed. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1426.
'• The poems, in general, are of little merit ; some are grossly
Indecent ; nor would they be mentioned here except for the inte-
rest recently attached to the author's uauie. But they throw no
light whatever on the sonnets of Shakspeare.'" — Hall.\m : nbi supra.
Watt attributes to his lordship a work entitled, Of the
Internal and External State of Man in Christ, 1654, 4to.
Certainly the earl's tastes were any thing but theological;
though, indeed, Ben Jonson's compliment implies an im-
partial eclecticism :
*• I do but name thee, Pembroke, and I find
It is an epigram on all mankind."
Pembroke College was named in honour of our noble
author, who, let it not be forgotten, gave to the Bodleian
Liljrary 242 Greek MSS., purchased by him in Italy, and
formerly the property of Francis Barroccio.
Herbert, William, 1718-1795, an eminent typo-
graphical antiquary, has already claimed our notice in our
life of Joseph Ames ; and to that article, to Dibdin's Ac-
count of William Herbert, prefixed to vol. i. of the Typo-
graphical Antiquities of Great Britain, and the authorities
subjoined, we refer the reader. 1. Second ed. of Atkyn's
Hist, of Gloucestershire, Lon., 1768, fol. See Atky.ns, Sir
RoBT., p. SO. 2. Typographical Antiq. of G. Brit, and
Ireland, 3 vols. 4to: i", 1785; ii. 1786; iii. 1790. See {ante)
HER
also life of Dibdin, Thoma.s, Frogn.*!.!.. D.D., in this vol.
The Typographical Antiquities is justly commended by an
eminent authority as
" A very valu.ible and accurate work, and as honourable to the
British nation as to the deep ciiliialresearchesof the original com-
piler, Mr. .\mes, and his continimtor, Mr. IIerl>ert." — Da. Clarke.
Herbert left an annotated copy of this work, with a view
to a second ed., interleaved and bound in 6 vols., r. 4to.
As a portion only of the first vol. was used by Dibdin, we
hope that the balance will some day be appropriated by a
judicious continuator of the Antiquities. The copy re-
ferred to was in 1848 in the possession of Mr. H. G. Bohn,
London, and offered by him for the small sum of £12 12«.
3. In conjunction with Mr. Nicholson, New Directory
for the East Indies, 4to. See Nichols's Lit. Anec. : Bio-
graphy of Herbert, supposed to bo written by Richard
Gounh. in Gent. Mag., Ixv., Pt. 1, 261; and Gent. Mag.,
Ixxib 418.
Herbert, William. Antiq. of the Inns of Court and
Chancery, Lon., 1804, r. Svo; 1. paper, 4to. He pub. Sir
Reginalde, a Romance, Ac., 1803, 12mo; and a Scries of
Vicivs from the P.alace of Lambeth, 1805 ; both in con-
junction with Edward Wcdlake Brayley: see both the
names in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Herbert, Hon. and Very Rev. William, D.C.L.,
1778-1847,thirdson of Henry, Earl of Carnarvon, and Lady
Eliiabeth Alicia Maria Wyndham, eldest daughter of
Charles, E.arl of Egremont, was born at Highclere Castle,
Bucks, and educated at Eton, and at Christ Church and
Morton College, Oxford, where he graduated JI..\., 1802,
B. and D.C.L., 1808, and became a Fellow of Merton Col-
Icc. After a successful practice as a member of Doctors'
Commons, and a brilliant career in the House of Commons,
he determined to take holy orders, and in 1814 was pre-
sented to the Rectory of Spofforth, and appointed Dean
of Manchester in 1840. 1. Edited Musfe Etonenses ; a
Selection of Greek and Latin Poetry, by Etonians, 1795,
2 vols. Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1314. 2. Ossiani
Darthula, Grfficc reddita; Accedunt Miscellanea, 1801, Svo.
3. Select Icelandic Poetry ; trans, from the originals, with
Notes; Translations from the German, Danish, Ac; to
which is added Miscellaneous Poetry, 1814, 2 vols. Svo.
Reviewed by Sir Walter Scott, in Ediu. Rev., ix. 211-223.
A second part to each of these works was added in 1806.
See Moir's Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the Past
Half-Century. 4. Helga ; a Poem, in 7 Cantos, with Notes,
1815, Svo. SeeEdin. Kev., xxv. 146-168; Moir, nh! supra.
5. Hedin, or The Spectre of the Tom.b ; a Tale from the
Danish History, 1820. 6. Serms., 1820, 12mo. 7. The
WizardWanderer of Jutland, a Tragedy: and Julia Mont-
albin, a Tale, 1822. S. The Guahiba ; a Tale, 1822. 9. A
Letter to the Chairman of the Committee of the House of
Commons on the Game-Laws, 1823. See article by Rev.
Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxix. 43-54. 10. Iris; a
Latin Ode, 1826. 11. Amaryllidacea!, with a Treatise on
Cross-bred Vegetables, 1837, r. Svo. Mr. Herbert pub.
several other works on botany and natural history, and a
number of papers in horticultural and botanical periodi-
cals. He was also one of the earliest contributors to the
Edinburgh Review. 12. I. Attila, King of the Huns, or
the Triumph of Christianity: an Epic Poem; II. Attila
and his predecessors: a Historical Treatise, 1838, Svo.
" A production displaying a union of acuteness and erudition
with great poetical talents.'— Httitam's Lit. Bist. nf Europe, 4th
ed.. 1S54, ui. 39, n.
" .\ work conceived in a grand and simple spirit, and abounding
in passages finely imagined and finely expressed. Few poems
which have appeared within the last twenty years evince a mora
thorough preparation on the part of the writer, a deeper study
of the subject, or a more just and masculine taste. It is not pos-
sible to take up a single book of the poem without being frequently
reminded of Miltons best points,— his sublunity and his purity."
— Edin. Kev. ,„ ^
" Attila was the last and most ambitious production of Herbert ;
his most Laboured but not his most successful one. The fire of
bis youthful enthusiasm had been gradually burning out ; and
this'he endeavoured, but vaiuly, to atone for by a strict adherence
to Aristotelian rules, backed by the Gallican codicils of Boileau
aud Bossu." — MolR: vhi supra. See Gent. Mag., April, 1839.
13. Christian, a Poem ; and Sylva Recentiores, 1846, Svo.
14. Miscellaneous Works, excepting those on Botany and
Natural History, with Addits. and Corrections by the Au-
thor. Contents: Horaj Scandicso, or Works (Poetical)
relating to Old Scandinavian Literature ; Hora; Pieriae,
or Poetry on various subjects ; Sylvarum Liber ; Reviews,
Sermons, Ac, 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
" It is not often that we meet with a writer whose attainments
are so various, and at the same time so accurate and profound, as
those of the one now Ijefore us ; while it has been the lot of few to
fill, at various period.s, sfatious in society which ai-e generally re-
served for those professionally educated for them alone, and from
831
HER
HER
which they seldom depart ; but we have had the pleasure of hear-
ing Mr. Herbert as an orator in the House of Comnions, we have
heard him as an advocate at the Bar, and we have listened to him
as a preacher in the pulpit. As an author, we have found him in
walks of Science and literature very remote from each other, not
oft«n ti-odden by the same person, yet always mai king his progress
by the li!::ht he has thrown on his subjects, aud, as it appears to
us. showing both diligence and accuracy in recording facts, and
philosophical discretion in reasoning from them." — Lon. Gtni. Mag.,
18-13. Pt. 1, 115-133, q. v.\ see also 1847, Pt. 2, 425-426.
Herbert, William, Librarian to the Corporation of
London. Tlie Hist, of the Twelve Great Livery Companies
of London, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 184G, Svo
aud r. Svo.
"We feel, in conclusion, fully justified in declaring that Mr.
Herbert has by this publication proved himself worthy of the
office of Archivist and Historiographer to the City of London."—
Lan. Gent. Mig., April, 18S4.
Also highly commended by the Athenasum, Spectator,
Examiner, &c., and largely quoted in the Penny Magazine,
Pictorial Hist, of England, &c.
Herbst, J., Lutheran pastor, Gettysburg. 1. Evan-
gelisches Alugazin, editor, ISoO. 2. Inaugural Address of
S. S. Scbuiucker, translated into German, lSii6.
Herckeniau, £lias. A Voyage to the Kingdom of
Chili, in America. See Churchill's Voyages, p. 503, 1704.
Herd, David, 1732-lSlO, a native of St. Cyrus, Kin-
cardineshire, Scotland. Collection of Ancient and Modern
Scottish Songs, Heroic Ballads, &c., Vii9, 1 vol.; 1772, 2
vols. 12mo; 1776. 2 vols. 12ino.
*■ The first classical collection [of Scottish Songs.]"— Sir Walter
Scott.
See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent
Scotsmen; Scots' Mag., July, ISIO.
Ilerdnian, John, M.D. Profess, works, 1795-1S09.
Ilerdman, Wni. Serm., Lon., 1794, 8vo.
Herd!«on, Hen. Ars Mnemonica, Lat. et Eng., Lon.,
1651, '57, 12mo. See an account of this work in Feinagle's
Art of Memory, It seems to have been pub. separately
in Latin and in English, both Lon., 1651, 12mo. See
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 914.
Hereford, Bishop* Legacy; or, A Short Deter-
mination of ail Controversies with the Papists, by God's
Holy Word, 1677, 4to.
Hereford, Rev. Charles. 1. Hist, of France, 5 vols.
Svo. Anon. 2. Hist, of Rome, 3 vols. Svo. Anon. 3. Abridgt.
of Gibbon's Hist., 2 vols. Svo. Anon. 4. Abridgt. of Hume's
Hist., 2 vols. Svo. Anon.
Hergest, \Vm. 1. Christian Chastitie. 2. Expos, of
the 7th Commandment, Lon., 15S0, 4to.
Hering, Constantine, M.D., b. January 1, 1800, at
Oschatz, in Saxony, studied in Zittau, Leipzig, Dresden,
and Wuerzburg, obtained in 1S26 the degree of Doct. of
Med., Surgery, and Obstetrics ; was sent under the protec-
tion of the government, for the purpose of making scientific
researches, to Surinam, S. America; cauie to Phila., Jan.
1S34, and has resided mostly there since as a practising
physician and lecturer on homoeopathy. He is a member of
the Acad, of Nat. Sciences in Phila. since 1830, of several
similar societies, and nearly all homoeopathic academies
and societies in the world. Has been a contributor to
homcoopathic journals, (Archives of Stapf, 1827-46 ;
Gazette of Leipzig; Journal of Buchner; British Quar-
terly; and Clinical Gazette.) Co-editor of the Medical
Correspondent, Allentown, 1S35, '36; the Miscellanies on
Homoeopathy, Phila., 1839; N. Am. Homoeopathic Quar-
terly, N. York, 1851, '52 ; aud the Homoeopathic News, a
monthly, Phila., since 1S54. Author of — 1. Rise and Pro-
gress of Homa?opathy, Phila., 1834; trans, into English
by Matlack, 1S34 ; into Dutch by Busen.stein, Rotterdam,
1S36 ; into Swedish, 1853. 2. The Historical Necessity of
Homoeopathy, Allentown, 1835, (Germ.) 3. Homoeopathic
Hatchels, Jt-na, 1845. 4. Proposals to Kill Homoeopathy,
Leipzig, 1846, (a Satire.) 5. Suggestions for the Proving
of Drugs on the Healthy, Phila., 1853. 6. The Effects of
Snake-poison, Allentown and Leipzig, r. Svo, 1837; with
an Introduction on the study of Materia Mcdica; trans,
into English, in British Quarterly, 1844. 7. Domestic Phy-
sician : since 1S37, six eds. of the last. Phila., 1858; two
in Great Britain ; ten in Germany; trans, into the French,
Italian, Spanish, and other languages, with a circulation
of more than 50,000 copies.
*' Dr. Heriug's Guide we have always considered the best and
most original of the domestic works."- ^nf. Quar. Jour, of Horn.,
AprU. 1856.
8. American Drug Provings, Leipzig, Winter, 1S53, vol.
i. ; vol. ii. in press. 9. One of the authors of the pamphlet
The Voluntary System of Medical Education instituted by
the Independent Medical School of Pa., 1S54, Phila.
"The most important of his toxicological re.?earches are the
proving, by a long series of experiments, that the poison of snakes
832
b?s. when taken inwardly, likewise a decided influence on the
huinan economy, contradictory to the assertions of all other au-
thors; further, that heat, in a bearable degree, destroys its poi-
sonous qualities, and is thus the best remedy ;vftera bite, applied
locally at a distance from the wound, much better than brandy
taken inwardly, which, however, in some oases may be united
with it. He found that alcohol extracts a salt from the snake-
poison, which has in some cases of bites, and in a great many dis-
eases, as apoplexy, paralysis, typhus, quinsy, etc., a curative iu-
tluence. This discovery he applied to the saliva of the mad dog,
and prevented hydrophobia by application of heat near the wound,
which pi-oved more elTectual and certain than the process of burn-
ing it out, because the latter forms a scurf, which, as a non-con-
ductor of heat, may protect the poison. From the same virus he
found that alcohol also extracts a chemical compound, which hag
thus f;ir seemed to be effectual as a remedy in preventing and
curing hydrophobia. The same method has successfully been
applied to small-pox and other contagious diseases of men and
animals, according to the reports of numerous physicians. He
was the first to propose sulphur as a preventive of Asiatic Cholera
(1S48) when applied as a powder between the stockings and the
soles of the feet, it being absorbed, and. without disturbing the
intestines, exhaled at the pores of the skin as sulphuretted hydro-
gen, (blackening bright silver even on the forehead.) This process
protects against cholera, and may perform the same use in other
miasmas."
Hering, Francis, M.D. See Herring.
Heriot, George, Postmaster-General of British
North America. 1. Descriptive Poem, written in the W,
Indies, Lon., 17S1, 4to. 2. Hist, of Canada, 1S04, Svo.
3. Travels through the Canadas, 1807, 4to.
Ileriot, John, R.N.. 1760-1S33. brother of the pre-
ceding, was connected with the newt^papers The Oracle,
The World. The Sun, and The True Briton. 1. The Sor-
rows of the Heart; a Novel, 17S7, 2 vols. 2. The Half-
pay Officer; a Novel, 178S, 3 vols. Svo. 3. Hist. Sketch
of Gibraltar, Lon., 1792. Svo. 4. The Battle of the Nile,
1792. See Lon. Gent. Mag.. Aug. lS:i:i.
Herissant, Dr. Experiments with the Poison of
Lamas and of Ticunas; Phil. Trans., 1741.
Herle, Charles, 1598-1659, Rector of Winwick,
Lancashire. Serms., Ac, 1642, '43, '44, *46, '55.
Herman, an Anglo-Norman poet, tnn]}. Henry II. and
Richard II., has attributed to him a Life of Tobit, which
is a poem of about 1400 lines, a poem entitled Leg Joi'es de
Notre Dame, and some other pieces. See "Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
Herman, Thomas. Critical Cat. of the Pictures of
the British Institution. Lon., 1S07, Svo.
Herndon, Mrs. 3Iary E., of Kentucky. 1. Louisa
Elton ; a Nov., Phila.. 1853. 2. Oswyn Dudley. Cin., 1S55.
Herndon, Wm. L., Lieut., U.S. Navy, lost in the
wreck of the Central America. 1857. Exploration of the
Valley of the Amazon, with maps and plates, Washington,
D.C., 1S54, Svo. Of this work 40,009 copies were pub. by
order of the U.S. Government. Lieut. Gibbon, who was
also an officer of the Expedition, pub. a continuation, of
whifh as many copies wore printed.
Herne, John. 1'. Law of Cr)nveyances, Lon., 1656,
'5S, '88, Svo. 2. The Pleader, 1657, fol. 3. Assurancer,
1658, Svo. 4. Sewers, 1659, 4to. 5. Charitable Uses, 1660,
'63, Svo.
Herne, Samuel. See Hearne.
Herne, Thomas, d. 1722. Fellow of Merton College,
Oxford, a native of Suffolk, pub. several theological works,
among which were an account of the Bangorian Contro-
versy to the end of 1719, and an account of books, &c. on
the Trinitarian Controversy from 1712-20. See Masters's
Hist, of C. C. C. C.
Hernon, G. D. Louisa; or, The Black Tower, 1803,
2 v.ds.
Heron, John. Custom Lawsin Ireland,Dubl., ISIS. Svo.
Heron, John. Fruitful! Dialogues treatyng upon
the IJapti^mo of Chyldren. Worcest., 1551. It is believed
that Hcrou is a misprint for John Sennonoys Veron, or
Vernon.
Hcrou, 31. The Conflict; a Nov., 1793, Lon., 2 vols.
12mo.
Heron, Rt. Hon. Sir Richard. 1. Table of the
Families of Heron, 1797, fol. 2. Family of Heron of
Newark-upon-Trcnt, Lon., 1803, 4to.
Heron, Robert, 1764-1807, a native of New Gal-
loway, Scotland, a man of improvident habits and con-
siderable talents, wrote and trans, a number of works, of
which the best-known are: — 1. Journey in the Western
Counties of Scotland, 1793, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Hist, of Scot-
land, 1794-99, 6 vols. Svo. 3. Universal Geography, 179S,
4 vols. Svo. 4. The Comforts of Life, 1S07. He was editor
and contributor to several periodicals. See Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen; Murray's
Lit. Hist, of Galloway; Disraeli's Calamities of Authors;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st Series, 36.
HER
Heron, Robert. Letters of Literature, Lon., 17S3,
'S4, '85, Svo. This was a name assumed by John Pinker-
ton, subsequently a well-known writer.
Herport, Rev, Briau. Truths of Importance to the
Happiness of Mankind, Legal Oaths, &c., Lon., 1768, Svo.
Herreken, N. T. Confidence in God, Ac.. 1804.
Herrey, Robert F, Bible Concordances, Lon., 1578,
4to.
Herrick, Joseph, of Colchester. 1. Salvation pos-
sible to the Vilest Sinners, Lon., 1842, 18mo. 2. Salvation
Certain and Complete, 1847, 32mo. 3. Greatness of Prod's
Mercy, 1847, 18mo.
Herrick, Heyrick, Hearick, or Ilircck, Ro-
bert, loyi-l')ti2 ? a divine and a very eminent poet, de-
ecended from Kric, a Danish chief temp. Alfred the Great,
was a native of Cheapside, London. He studied at Cam-
bridge, was presented to the living of Dean Prior, Devon-
shire, in 1629; was deprived by Cromwell in 1648; and
reinstated in his living by Charles II. in 1660. 1. Hespe-
rides; or, The Works, both Humane and Divine, of Robert
Herrick, Lon., 1648, Svo. To this vol. was appended his
''Noble Numbers; or, his Pieces wherein (amoug uther
things) he sings the Birth of Christ, and sighs fur his
Saviour's Sufl'erings on the Cross," 1647, pp. 79. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., 340, £8 Ss.
'■These two books of poetry made him much admired in the
time when they were published, espciialiy by the generous and
boon-loyalists among whom he was numbered as a sufftrer." —
Athen. Oxun.
2. Select Poems from the Hesperides, with Occasional
Remarks by J. N(ott, D.D.)., Bristol, 1810, sm. Svo, pp. 253.
3. The Works of Robert Herrick, Edin., 1823, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
4. Lou., 1825, 2 vols. cr. Svo. 5. Hesperides, and Selected
Works, by C. Short, 1839, 12mo. 6. Hesi)erides, 1844, 2 vols.
24mo. 7. 1S46, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo. 9. Se-
lections for Translations into Latin Verse, 184S, 12mo.
10. Hesperides, 1850, 18mo. 11.1852. 12. 1866,2 vols.l2mo.
" Hi?rrick's Hespendes is a vol. of equal rarity and merit. Seve-
ral of his poems havelieeu ^t!vi^ed in modern colltfL-tions : the best
perhaps will bo found in Drake's Literary Il'mrs; those which
more (.'Specially relate to himself and bis family, iu Nichols's Hist,
of Leicestershire, where also are several of his letters." — Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxan., iii. 251.
Among the best-known of his pieces are Cherry Ripe,
Gather the Rose-buds where ye may, To Blossoms, To
Daflodils, The Kiss, Tu Corinna., Poems to and upon Julia,
To Primroses filled with Morning Dew, To Find God, and
A Thanksgiving for his House.
Herrick is a most exquisite poet, but, unfortunately, de-
lighted in the wauderings of a libertine muse. To quote
the language of Dr. Drake, iu the work just referred to:
'■ So iijjudii-'iously are the contents of his volume disposed, and
' 60 totally divested of order aud propriety, that it would almost
I Beem the poet wished to pollute aud bury his best effusions in a
mass of nonsense aud obscenity. Nine persons out of ten who
should casually dip into the collection would, in all probability,
after glancing over a few trittiug epigrams, thi'ow it down with
indignation, little apprehtiuding it contained many pieces of a
truly moral and pathetic, and of an exqulsitt_4y rural aud descrip-
tive, strain. Such, however, is the case." — Literary Hours, 1820,
i. 14: aud see ii. 353-3S7.
We quote some other opinions respecting the character-
istics of this favourite poet.
Phillips, rather coldly, allows him to have shown occa-
sionally *• a pretty flowery and pastoral gale of fancy,"
(Theatrum Poetarum;) but another contemporary critic
assures us, with more vehemence than elegance, that
" Horace,
He was but a sour-ass,
Aud good for nothing but lyric;
There's but one to be found
In all English ground
Writes so well, who is bight Robert Herrick."
JVaps vpon I^arnassus, (1658.)
But let us look a little into the verdict of modern criti-
cism :
" He has much of the lively grace that distinguishes Anacreon
and Catullus, and approaches also, with a less cloying monotony,
to the Hasia of Joannes Secundus. llenick has as much variety
as the poetry of liisses can well have; but his love is in a very
slight degree that of sentiment, or even auy intense passion ; his
mistresses have little to recommend Ihem, even iu his own eyes,
pave their beauties, and none of these are omitted in his catalogues.
Yet he is abundant in the resources of verse; without the exu-
berant gaiety of Suckling, or, perhaps, the delica.cy of Carew, he is
sportive, fanciful, and generally of polished language." — Hallavi's
Lit. Hist, of Europe.
'* More than auy eminent writer of that day.Herrick's collection
requires careful sifting; but there is so much fancy, so much deli-
cacy, so much grace, that a good selection would well repay the
publisher. Hits there are that are exquisite; as when, in enume-
rating the cates composing Oberon's Feast, in his Fairy-land, he
includes, auong a strange farrago of unimaginable dishes,
*"'The broke heart of a nightingale
O'ercome in music'
53
HER
" Some of his pieces, too, contain curious illustrations of the cus-
toms, manners, and prejudices of our ancestors But his real
delight was among flowers and bees, and nymphs and cupids ; and
certainly these graceful subjects were never handled more grace-
fully."— Maky Kussell MrrFORD: JincoUec. of a Literary Life.
" Henick's vein of poetry is very irregular; but where the ore
is pure it is of high value. . . . To his tlesperides, or Works Hu-
man and Divine, he added some pieces on religious subjects, where
his volatile genius was not in her element." — Campbell's Notices
of the British Poets.
" Herrick possessed a vigour of fancy, a warmth of feeling, a
soundness of sense, and an ease of versification, sufficient to rank
him very high in the scale of English minor poets." — Lon. Qiiar.
Eev., iv. 107-174.
" He displays considerable facility of simple diction, and consi-
derable variety of lyrical versification. Ue is successful in imitat-
ing the sprightliness of Anacreontic gaiety and the lucid ne.-duess
of the .ancient anthologists." — Blackwood's Mag., xlv. 78^-7'^^, q. v.:
see also x.xxiv. 123.
"Forgetting the impurities of our author, and estimating the
chaste effusions of his lelicitous genius, we do not hesitate to pro-
nounce him the very best of English Lyric Poets. Ue is the most
joyous and gladsome of bards; singing, like the grasshopper, as
if he would never grow old. He is as fresh as the spring, as blithe
as summer, and as ripe as autumn. We know of no English poet
who is so ahandrmni, as the French term it. who so wholly gives
himself up to his present feelings, who is so much heart aud soul
in what he writes, and this not on one subject only, but on all
subjects alike. . . . His poems resemble a luxuriant meadow, full
of king-cups and ^vild-flowerH, or a ,Tuly firmament sparkling with
a myriad of stars." — Lun. Bdrosp. Rev., v. 156-lSO, WZI.
See also Nieliols'a Hist, of Leicestershire ; Hallam's Lit.
TTist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 43; Gent. Mag., Ixvi.,
Pt. 1, 384, 461, 103; Pt. 2, 645, 736; Ixvii., Pt. 1, 102.
The Herricks of New England are descended from the
ancient family which claims the poet; and A Genealogical
Register of the name and family of Herrick was pub. by
Jcdediah Herrick, in 1846, at Bangor, Maine.
The poetry of Herrick bad been wellnigh forgotten
until about the commencement of the preseut century,
when, by the exertions of Dr. Nott, Dr. Drake, Mr. Ellis,
and a writer in the Gent. Mag. for 1796, (see ante,) he
secured a popularity which seems likely to remain perma-
nent among the disciples of the school of English Lyric
Poetry. If we are deemed unnecessarily harsh in our
condemnation of those licentious strains which disfigure
the beauty of so many pages of Herrick's Hesperiues,
we need do no more than record the author's own mature
verdict on these frequent transgressions against good taste
and good morals :
•' For these my unbaptized rhymes.
Writ iu my wild unhallowed times, —
For every sentence, clause, aud word.
That's not inlaid with thee, O Lord! —
Forgive me, Ood, and blot each line
Out of my book that is not thine:
But if 'mongst all thou findest one
Worthy thy benediction,
That one of all the lest shall be
The glory of my work and me."
It is well thus to repent of an offence: but far better
would it have been never to have offended !
Heri'ies, Johu. Elements of Speech, Lon., 1773,
Svo. This work has elicited high commendation.
Ilerries, Johu Charles. 1. Financial and Com-
mercial Affairs, 1797, Svo. 2. State of Europe, 1S02, Svo.
3. Instructions for Cavalry, 1804-05, 2 vols. Svo.
Herring, or Hering, Francis, M.D., pub. a Latin
poem, three works on the Plague, &q., Lon., 1603-65.
Herring, Richard, Paper and Paper-Making, Lon.,
1855, Svo. See Longman's Notes on Books, Nov. 30,
1S55, p. 44.
Herring, Thomas, D.D., 1691-1757, a native of
Walsokcn, Norfolk, educated at Jesus College, Cambridge ;
Fellow of Corpus Christi College, 1716; Eeetor of Ket-
tenden, Essex, and of Barclay, Hertfordshire, 1722 ;
Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1726; Dean of Rochester,
1731 ; Bishop of Bangor. 1737 : trans, to York, 1743, and
to Canterbury, 1747. 1. Letter to the Bishops of his
province, Lon., 1748, Svo. 2. Serm. on Acts sxvi. 18.
Oxon., 1756, 4to. 3. Seven Serms. on Public Occasions,
with a Memoir by Wm. Duncombe, Lon., 1763. Svo.
" Elegant, spirited, and masterly." — L071. Critirol Bev.
4. Letters to VVm. Duncombe, 1728-57, 12mo, 1777.
Herring, Thomas, Preb. of York, and Rector of
Cullesden, Surrey. Serm., Lon., 1765, 4to.
Herringham, VV. Serm., 1804.
Herriolt, George. See Heriot.
Herrman, T. C Inhabitants of Russia; Thorn.
Ann. Pbilos., iii. 165, 438, 1814.
Herschel, Caroline Lucretia, 1750-1848, sister
and assistant of the distinguished ustrononier. Dr. "William
Herschel, was also a native of Ilanovtir, whore she resided
until her twenty-second year, when she joined her brother
833
HER
HER
William, then a musician, at Batb, in England. On her
brother's death, in 1822, she returned to Hanover, after a
residence in England of more than half a century. She
made a number of astronomical discoveries, (see Gent.
Mag., April, 1848,) and gave to the world — 1. A Cata-
logue of 561 stars observed by Flamsteed. 2. A General
Index of Reference to every Observation of every Star
inserted in the British Catalogue; with introductory and
explanatory remarks to each of them, by Wm. Ilcrschel,
LL.D. These two works were pub. together in one vol.
by the Royal Society, Lou., 1798, fol. Jliss Herschel
also completed the reduction and arrangement of a Zone-
Catalogue of all the nebulae and clusters of stars observed
by her brother in his sweeps. — a work which was rewarded
by the Gold Medal of the Astronomical Society of Lon-
don, in 1828. Miss H. also pub. An Account of a New
Comet. Phil. Trans., 1787 ; Discovery of a New Comet,
Phil. Trans., 1796.
" A lady eminent for her soientific knowledge and unwavering
perseverance in aetronomieal discovery." — H'uuuth M. Bonvier's
Familiar Astronomy^ Phila., 1867, Svo, p. 191 ; and see p, 235-236:
see also Dr. J. P. Nkbors Architecture of the Heavens; Daily's
Life of riamsteed; Gent. Mhr., April, 1848.
Miss Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy — ^just referred to —
has elicited warm commendations from distinguished
authorities; and it will be found an invaluable assistant
and an agreeable companion in every family, school, or
private library.
Herschel, Sir John Frederick William, D.C.L.,
Master of the Mint since 1800, an eminent astronomer,
b. 1790, at Slough, near Windsor, England, is the only
son of the distinguished astronomer, Sir William Herschel.
After completing his studies at St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, and attaining great distinction as a mathematician,
he naturally turned his attention to the noble science
which had already made his name immortal. His success
in this brilliant field of investigation is too well known
to call for much comment at our hands. In 1838 be was
made a baronet; in 1839 created a D.C.L. of Oxford; and
in 1842 elected Lord-Rector of Marischal College, Aberdeen.
In addition to many papers pub. in the Transactions of
the Royal Society and of the Astronomical Society, a recon-
struction (in conjunction with Peacock) of Lacroix's trea-
tise on the Differential Calculus, editing Spence's Mathe-
matical E.^says, and contributing treatises on Sound, Light,
and Physical Astronomy, to the Encyclopsedia Metropoli-
tana. and other essays to various journals. Sir John Her-
schel has given to the world the following valuable works :
1. A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Phi-
losophy, Lon., 1830, 12mo, pp. 372; vol. xiv. of Lardnei's
Cyc. New ed., 1851, ]2mo.
" Without doing more than alluding to the delight with which
this work has Weu several times perused by the writer of these
pages, he can assure the reader that he has frequently heard the
most eminent scientific men speak of it as a singularly beautiful,
accurate, and masterly perform.ince. Its author will be univer-
sally admitted to be consummately qualified for such an under-
taking.— as far as the union of exact and profound science with
elegant and varied accomplishments and refined taste can be
considered as constitutiug such qualification. The style is se-
Terelv chaste, and not obscured by technicalities." — WarreiCs Law
Studies, 2d ed., 18-15, 196-107.
An eminent modern authority, referring to Professor Play-
fair's abstract — in his Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit. — of
the second book of Bacon's Novum Organum, and the
commentator's illustrations from modern science, remarks:
"Sir John Herschel, in his admirable Discourse on Natural
Philosophy, has added a greater number from still more recent
discoveries, and has also furnished such a luminous developuieut
of the difficulties of the Novum Organum as had bt-eu vainly
hoped for in former times.'' — Ilallam's Ld. Ilist. o/* iJun^j^t, 4th
ed., 1S54, vol. ii. 412: see also same vol., 411, n., 442, n.
"This discourse, as a collection of important facts interesting
to every human being, is without a rival. The whole is a master-
piece, that reflects the highest honour on the author, not less as
a philosopher than as a man." — Lo7i. Month. Hcv.
See Lon. Quar. Kev., Ixxxviii. 374r-407 ; Ixxxv. 3.
'* Sir John Herschel is eminently qualified for this task, being
a distinguished ex.imple of a person possessing a profound and
complete knowledge of almost every branch of physics." — Lon.
Quar. Hev.
2. A Treatise on Astronomy, 1833, 12mo ; vol. xliii. of
Lardner's Cyc.
" We recommend it to the attention of everybody who wishes to
become acquainted with the sublime truths of astronomy, with-
out having his mind harassed by the technical details which
render almost all other works of the kind repulsive to the general
reader." — Lnn. Qutir. Rev. See Kdin. Rev., Iviii. 164-198.
3. A Treatise on Physical Astronomy, 4to. 4. Results
of Astronomical Observations made daring the years
1834, '35, '36, '37, '38, at the Cape of Good Hope; being
the completion of a Telescopic Survey of the whole Surface
of the Visible Heavens, commenced in 1825, 4to, 1847.
831
''The work whnse title we have placed at the head of this article
forms the record of the completion of the grejitest astronomical
ehceiprise that was ever undertaken by the members of one
family. It was begun about seventy years ago, by Sir William
Herschel, the father, assisted by his sister Caroline and his brother
Alexander, and continued by him. with little or no interrnptinn,
almost ilnwn to the close of a very lon;,' life. ... In 1S25 it was
resumed by bis son." — D.Un. Rev., Ixxxviii. 104-143.
Read this valuable paper j also articles in Lon. Quar.
Rev., Ixxxv. 1-31 • N. Brit. Rev., viii. 203, (same art. in
Liv. Age. xvi. 577-59fi :) Amer. Jour, of Sci., 2d Ser., v. 86.
5. Outlines of Astronomy, 1849, 8vo. This may be con-
sidered an enlarged ed. of No. 2. 5th ed.. thoroughly re-
vised and corrected to the existing state of astronomical
science. 1858, 8vo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxxv. 3. 31 ;
Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. ; Lon. Evangel. Rev. ; Lon.
Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxvi. 576 ; Bost. Chris. Exam., xlvii.
268 ; Lon. Athenajura, May 26, 1849 ; Lon. Examiner,
May 19. 1849.
" We take our leave of this remarkable work, which we hold to
be, beyond a doubt, the most remarkable of the works in which
the laus of astronomy and the appearances of the heavens are
described to those who are not mathematicians nor observers, and
rL'called to those who are. ... It is the reward of men ivho win
descend fi-om the advancement of knowledge to care for its diffu-
sion, that their works are essential to all. — that they become the
manuals of the proficient as well as the text-books of the learner."
— Lim. AthejUEum, vhi siij^ra.
6. A Manual of Scientific Enquiry, 1849, p. 8vo ; 2d
ed., 1851, p. 8vo. Edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel. .
Pub. by Authority of the Lords-Commissioners of the
Admiralty. Prepared for the use of II. M. Navy, and
for travellers in general. The treatises in this vol. — which
are by the editor. Sir W. J. Hooker, Sir II. De La Beche,
Lt.-Col. Sabine, Drs. Whewell, Pritchard. and Bryson,
and Messrs. Airy, Beechey, Hamilton, Darwin. Mallet,
Birt. Owen, and Porter — were drawn up at the request of
the late Lord Auckland, in accordance with a memorandum
by the Lords of the Admiralty. It may well be believed
that such a volume is literally invaluable.
" The reader has the pith of the matter by the shortest cut, and
pretty much as a professional pupil would be taught by a practical
man. He is told to do the easiest things, and how to do them;
and, what miiiht not always be gotten from a practical man, indi-
cations are often given of the principles of the science, and the
best elementary books are pointed out. A Manual of Scientific
Enquiry will not only be found an admirable book for its express
object, but may be used advantageously by all travellers, and pe-
rused with interest at home." — Lon. Spectator. See also Lon. M.
Herald. 1849.
7. Essays from the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews,
with Addresses and other Pieces, 1857, 8vo.
Great as are the obligations of the world to Sir John
Herschel, the public arc not willing to abandon the hope
of further illustrations of the noble science of which he
is so erudite a professor. To adopt the language of an
ardent admirer of his works,
" If his day of laborious observation be over, we trust that of
thought and speculation will continue." — Lon. Atlien., ubi supra.
Herschel, Sir William, LL.D., 1738-1822, one of
the must illustrious of astronomers, was a native of Hano-
ver, the son of a musician, who educated bis five sons to
the same profession. At the age of fourteen William was
placed in the band of the Hanoverian Foot Guards; but,
dissatisfied with this humble position, ho determined to
try his fortune in England, where he arrived about the
end of 1757. Whilst busily employed as a teacher of
music, he yet found leisure for the prosecution of his stu-
dies in mathematics, and especially in astronomy, for
which science he entertained an enthusiastic attachment.
Ha%'ing succeeded, after many trials, in making a number
of excellent telescopes, he commenced his observations in
1776, and continued them with unwearied zeal. At length,
in 1781, he discovered what he at first thought a comet,
but what proved to be a new planet, — the Georgium Sidus,
now called Uranus, from its being next to Saturn. For a
detailed account of the results of his observations — which
were continued until within a few months of his death —
we must refer the reader to the list of his papers in Phil.
Trans., 1780-1820; contrib. to Nich. Jour, and to Trans.
Astron. Soc. ; Arago's account of Herschel in the Annuaire,
1842; Annual Biography, Lon., 1823; Gent. Mag., Sept.
1822; Chambers's Journal; For. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 438;
Edin. Philos. Jour., April, 1823 : Edin. Encyc, art. As-
tronomy; Edin. Rev., i. 426; Niles's (Bait.) Reg., ii. 154;
N. Y. Eclec. Mus., ii. 556. See also Hkhscuel, Caroline
LucPvETiA ; Herschel, Sir John Freoerick William.
In 1786 Herschel received the degree of D.C.L. from
the University of Oxford; in 1816 he was knighted, and
in 1820 elected the first President of the Astronomical
Society.
" As an astronomer be was surpassed by no one of the present
HER
HER
age: aod the depth of hia scientific research and extent of his ob-
servations rendeied him perhaps second onl}' to the immortal
Newton." — Lnn. Gent. Mag., ubi supra.
But we must not forget to quote the eloquent tribute of
the historian of modern Europe to the merits of the illus-
trious subject of our notice :
" Ilerschel. by multiplying with incredible labour and skill the
powers of the telescope, was enabled to look further into space
than man had ever done before, discover a world hitherto unseen
in the firmament, and, in the Georgium Sidas. add a ' new string
to the lyre of heaven.' " — Aliscfii's Hist, of Eurtrpc, 1816-52, chap. T.
Herschell, Philip, Strictures on the paet Hist, of
the Jews, and on the future Prospects of that People, Lon.,
1831. 12mo.
Herschell, Ridley H. 1. Sketch of the Present
State and Future E.^pectations of the Jews, 1833, Lon. ;
4th ed., 1837, ISmo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1255.
2. Reasons why I, a Jew, hove become a Catholic, and
not a Roman Catholic, Lon., 1S42, Svo.
Herser, T, Poems, Rural and Domestic, 1812. Svo.
Hertell, Thomas. The Demurrer; or, Proofs of
Error in the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, N.
York, Svo.
Hertford, Marquis of. See Seymour, Williasi.
Hertslet, Lewis. Treaties, Ac. between G. Brit,
and Foreign Powers, Lon., 1820-51, 8 vols. Svo. A work
of great value, compiled from authentic documents.
Herty, Thomas. 1. Digest of the Laws of Mary-
land to Nov. 1797, Bait., 1799, Svo. 2. Digest of the Laws
of the U. States, 1789-99, Svo, 1800.
Herve, Peter, 1. How to enjoy Paris, 1S16, 2 vols.
2. The New Picture of Paris, Lon.. 1829, 12mo.
Hervey, Mrs., of Alton. 1. The Mourtray Family;
a Nov., Lon., 1810; 3d ed., 1813. 4 vols. 2. Anabel, 1813,
4 vols. 12mo. 3. Auberry Stanhope, 1815. 3 vols.
Hervey, Lord Arthur, Rector of Ickworth, and Cu-
rate of Hurringer. 1. Serms. for the Sundays and Principal
Holydays throughout the Year, Lon.. 1851, 2 vols. 12mo.
"They are plain and unaffected productions, intended fbr rural
congrepations, and well adapted to them." — Lon. Guardian.
2. The Genealogies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ, Camb., 1853, Svo.
''The production uf a thorough scholar." — Bril. Qttar. Rev.
"A valuable storehouse of information on this important sub-
ject."— Jour, of Sacred Lit.
3. The Inspiration of Holy Scripture : 5 Serms. preached
before the University, Dec. 1855, Svo, 1856.
Hervey, Christopher. Letters from Portugal. Spain,
Italy, and Germany, in 1759-61, Lon., 1785, 3 vols. Svo.
Hervey, Mrs. Eleouora Louisa. See Hervey,
Mrs. TnoMAS Kibble.
Hervey, Frederic. 1. The Naval Hist, of G. Britain,
Lon., 1779. Svo. This work does not occupy a high rank.
2. Geography, 1785, fol.
Hervey, George Winfred. 1. The Principles of
Courtesy, N. York, 1852, 12mo. 2. Rhetoric of Conversa-
tion, 1853, 12mo.
"In this volume, by an American writer, will be found much
sensible and entertaining counsel, and illustrations historical and
biographiL-al." — L^m. Literary Ga^^tte.
See Lon. Athen^um, 1S54, p. 405.
Hervey, J. The Castle of Tynemouth, 1806, 2 vols.
Hervey, James, 1713-14^1758, a profound scholar
and exemplary divine, a native of Hardingstone, was edu-
cated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Curate of Dummer,
Hampshire, about 1730; obtained the livings of Westou-
Favel and ColHngtree about 1752. Mr. Hervey pub. many
occasional serms., and several works, of which the follow-
ing are the best-known : 1. Meditations and Contempla-
tions : vol. i., containing Meditations among the Tombs;
Reflections on a Flower Garden ; and a Descant on Crea-
tion, Lon., 1746, Svo; vol. ii., containing Contemplations
on the Night and Starry Heavens, and a AVinter Piece,
1747, Svo. Many eds. Generally bound together, and
referred to as one work, under the title of Uervey's Medi-
tations. Last ed., 1855, 12mo. In Blank Verse, by Thos.
Newcomb, 1757, 2 vols. Svo.
"Uervey's Medit^itions, with the Pilgrim's Piosress. the Duty
of Man, and the Bible, are commonly seen together ou a shelf in
the cottages in Kngland."
The style of the Meditations is highly poetical, and
abounds in imagery not always of the most classical de-
scription ; but this fioridity, which displeased the critics,
enchanted the multitude. Southey remarks that the work is
" Not more laudable in its purport than vicious in its style, and,
therefore, one of the most popular that ever was written."
Another critic remarks :
"I cannot help thitikins^ that it reflects more honour on the
religious turn and good dispositions of the present age. than on
the public taste, that Mr. Uervey's Meditations have had so great
a currency. The pious and benevolent heart which is always dis-
played in them, and the li%'ely fiincy which, on some occasjnns,
appe:ir8. justly merited applause; bu"t the perpetual glitter of ex-
pression, the swoln imagery and strained description which abound
in them, are ornaments of a false kind. I would, therefore, ad-
vise students of oratory to imitate Mr. Uervey's piety rather than
his style; and, in all compositions of a serious kiud.'to turn their
attention, as Mr. Pope .';ays, ' from sounds to thintrs, from fancy to
the heart.' "—Blair's Lects. on Bhet. and Bdles-LeUres.
" Prosaic verse, everybody knows, is what anybody may write
I and nobody will endure; nor, in a polite age. can it, under any
j circumstances, be rendered attractive. But poetical prose, though
I the dullest, heaviest, clumsiest kind of literature, has, in some
! notorious instances, found more favour. . . . Some works of this
description, however, have been extensively read in our refractory
language; but their day is gone by. The pious sentiments of
Uervey's Meditations recommended the fantastic style in which
they were disguised to multitudes, who persuaded themselves
that they were pleased because they supposed that, in such a
case, they ought to be, with tine words ami so many of them."—
Montr/nmeri/'s Lects. on Gfiii-ral Lit., L'oetrj/^ d-c.
And see extract from Williams*s Christian Preacher, at
conclusion of this article.
"To attempt to describe all the beauties and perfections of his
Contemplations and Di.u.ogi:es would be as vain as to try to paint
the beams of the sun in its meridian glory.'' — Dr. Byfand's Chtton
Mather.
2. Remarks on Bolingbroke's Letters on History, 1753,
Svo. 3. Theron and Apasio; or, A Series of Dialogues
and Letters on the most Important Subjects, Lon.. 1753-
55, 3 vols. Svo. Many eds. New eds., 2 vols. ISmo ; 2
vols. Svo ; 1 vol. Svo; 1S37, 1 vol. Svo, pp. 690 : see No. 6,
post. This work advocates very strenuously the doctrino
of the imputed righteousness of Christ, and in consequence
thereof it was attacked by a number of writers. See
Robert Sandeman's Letters on Theron and Aspasio, 4th
ed., 1768, 2 vols. Svo, where will be found an account of
the progress of the controversy and of the principal pieces
that were written against Theron and Aspasio; list of
works on the subject in Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 760-761 ;
authorities cited below.
4. VIII. Serms., Oxf.. 1759. 12mo. 5. Hervey's Letters;
with an Account of his Life and Death, 1760, Lon.. 2 vols.
12mo; Berwick. 1770. Svo. 6. XI. Letters to John Wesley,
in answer to his Remarks on Theron and Aspasio; from
the author's MS.; pub. by his brother, TV. Hervey, Lon.,
1764, Svo. These Letters will be found in Tegg's ed. of
Theron and Aspasio, 1837, Svo, and perhaps in other eds.
" In his letters to Wesley you have a most glorious and divine
exposition of some striking passages." — De. Rtland.
7. Letters to Lady Shirley, 17S2, Svo, consists of 118
Letters, 1750-58. 8. Collected Works, ("genuine edition,"
containing the above works, and others,) Newcastle, 1806,
6 vols. Svo. This ed. was pub. by Messrs. Rivington, whoso
predecessor pub. all of Hervey's works. Works, 1769, 6
vols. Svo; 1790, 9 vols. cr. Svo; 1797, 7 vols. Svo. 9.
Letters, Elegant, Interesting and Evangelical, Lon., 1811,
Svo. This may be considered as a 7th vol. of his Works.
Hervey wrote a Preface for Burnham's Memorials of Pious
Women, 1753, Svo, (see p. 30 of this Dictionary,) and edited,
with a Preface, an ed. of Jenks's Meditations, 1757. See
Life of Hervey, prefixed to his Letters and to his Works;
Beauties of Hervey, with his Life, 1782, 12mo; Dr. Ry-
land's Character and Letters of Hervey, 1791, Svo; (very
scarce, Dr. Ryland's son having bought all the copies he
could procure, and destroyed them : copies have brought
two guineas for libraries;) Life and Character of Hervey,
by John Brown, 1822, Svo; Herveiana, or graphic and
literary Sketches of the Life and Writings of the Rev.
James Hervey, Scarbro', 1822, ]2mo; Bickersteth's Chris-
tian Student, 4th ed., Lon., 1844, fp. Svo; Jamieson's Cyc.
of Mod. Relig. Biog., 1853. p. Svo.
•■In Uervey's works are displayed a firm faith in the divine tes-
timony, and strong traits of benevolence, in a style too rich and
ornamental: he, therefjre, may be read to great profit, in order to
strengthen our faith in the promises, to raise our affections towards
heaven, and even to improve our style, when that verges to the
contrary extreme of poverty, whether of expression, description,
or figurative language; but a rich fancy without a critical judg-
ment should beware of Uervey as a model." — Wtlhams's C/iristian
Brmcher.
The reader will be pleased to have Hervey's own esti-
mate of his abilities:
*' My friend." said he to Dr. Ryland, "I have not a strong mind;
I have not powers fitted for arduous researches; but I think I
have a power of writing in .somewhat of a striking manner, so far
as to please mankind and recommend my dear Kedeemer."
He tells us that the first book which gave him "a clear
light and understanding of the Gospel" was J. L. Zimmer-
man's Excellency of the Knowledge of J^^sus Christ: "it
is enriched with deep religious experience, and was his
bosom companion." Trans, by Moses Browne, Lon., 1772,
12mo.
Hervey, John, Lord Hervey. of Ickworth, 1696-1743,
indecently attacked, by the name of "Snorus." by Pope,
835
HER
in the Prologue to the Satires, contrihuted to Middleton's
Life of Cicei-o the translations from that author, wrote
some of the best political pamphlets in defence of Sir
Robert Walpole, a number of poetical pieces, and some
miscellaneous compositions, for a list of which see Park's
Walpole's R. & N. Authors. Also consult Brydges's Col-
lin's Peerage; Bowles's Pope; Coxe's Memoirs of Walpole;
Swift's Works. The Letters between Lord llervej and Dr.
Middleton concerning the Roman Senate were pub. from
the original MSS., by Thomas Knowles, D.D., in 177S, 4to.
The best of his lordship's poetical effusions are in Dodsley's
Collection. There appeared in 1848, 2 vols. Svo, edited by
the Rt. lion. J. W. Crokcr, from the family archives at
Ickworth, Lord Ilervey's Memoirs of the Court of George
the Second and Queen Caroline. New ed., 1854, 2 vols. Svo.
"I kuow of no such near and intimate picture of the interior
of a court. No other .Mt-moirs that I have ever read bring us so
immediately, so actually, into not merely the presence, but the
company, of the personages of the royal circle.
"Lord Hervey is, I may venture to say, almost the Boswdl of
George II. and Queen QAvoWm:'— Editor's Preface.
"These volumes are. in every sense of the word, the greatest
accession to our Kni^lish historical literature of a recent period
made siuce the publication of Pepys's Diary .ind Walpole's Me-
moirs. The style, if we forgive a certain antithesis of manner,
is good— the observations are from the fountaiu-head— the cha-
racters are remarkably well drawn — and the matter is curiously
confirmatory of Walpole's Reminiscences, Letters, and Memoirs.
" The Editor's notes are just what notes should be, — phort,useful,
generally accurate, and always to the point."' — Lon. Atheiiaum.
See also Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxxii. 272; Edin. Rev.,
Ixxxviii. 254; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv. 1S4; Fraser's
Mag., sxxvii. 665.
Hervey, Lady Mary, wife of the preceding, and
daughter of Brigadier-General Nicholas Leppell, is often
mentioned in Pope's and Horace Walpole's Wurks, and
always with praise. Her Letters were pub., Lon.. 1821, Svo.
They contain notices and anecdotes of Lords Chesterfield,
Orford, Mulgrave, Stair, Ac. ; also of a number of ambas-
sadors, divines, authors, &c. of the day.
Hervey, Hou. Thomas. 1. Letter to Sir T. Han-
mer, Lon., 1741. Svo. 2. Lett, to the Rev. Sir W. Bunbury,
1741, Svo. 3. Lett, to Wm. Pitt, 1746, Svo.
Hervey, Rev. Thomas. Elementa Christiana; the
XXXIX. Articles proved to be agreeable to the Word of
God, Kendall, 1791, 12mo.
"An evangelical exposition of the Articles." — BicJcersMh's C. S.
Hervey, Thomas Kibble, Editor of the Athenaeum
for about eight years, (prior to 1854,) b. in Manchester,
England, 1804, has attained a considerable reputation for
poetical and critical abilities. After receiving his educa-
tion at Oxford and Cambridge, he devoted some time to
legal studies, but soon abandoned Cuke and Blackstoue for
the more congenial pursuit of letters. We may be per-
mitted to express our surprise that one who has written
with such success should have written so little.
1. Australia, and other Poems, Lon., 1S24, 12mo.
"Where almost every line is beautiful, selection is difficult; and
were we to indulge our admiration, by selecting every part of this
elegant poem which claims it. our extracts might subject us to the
charge of piracy." — British Critic^ Aug. 1824.
See also Metropolitan Review; Critical Gazette; New
Monthly Mag.; Universal Review; Literary Chronicle;
Literary Gazette ; Somerset House Gazette.
2. The Poetical Skctch-Book. including a Third Edition
of Australia, 1829, p. Svo. Many of the poems in this col-
lection were originally pub. in the Annuals of the day.
'•Floranthe, the most exquLsite poem of its length almost ever
written, opens the book. It is needless to make a selection from
what is already so popular." — Literary Gazette, 1829, 3(30.
3. Illustrations of Modern Sculpture, with IS Engravings,
1832. fol.
"This chai-ming work includes Daily's Eve at the Fountain, and
Sleeping Nymph; Westmacott's Distressed Mother, and Happy
Mother: Chantrey's Sleeping Children; Canova's Dancing Uirl,
Venus, and Beneficence; Flaxman's Michael and Satan, and Mer-
tury and Pandora; Thorwaldsen's Ilebe, &c."
4. The English Helicon, 1841, p. Svo. 5. The Book of
Christmas.
" Every leaf of this book affords a feast worthy of the season." —
Dr. Hawlcs's (New rork) Church Hecord.
Mr. Hervey is also the author of a satirical poem en-
titled The Devil's Progress, and many popular pieces con-
tributed to the pages of Friendship's Offering, (for some
time edited by Mr. H.,) The Literary Souvenir, &c. See
Blackwood's Magazine, xvii. 98-99, xix. 88-89; Men of
the Time, Lon., 1856.
"The genius of T. li. Hervey (for he has genius at once pathetic
and refined* is not unalHed to thatof Priugle and Watts, but with
a dash of Thomas Moore. lie writes uniformly with taste and
elaboration, polishing the careless and rejecting the crude; and,
had he addressed himself more earnestly and unreservedly to the
task of composition, 1 have litllu doubt, from several specimens
SS6
HEX
hebas occasionally exhibited, that ho might have occupied a higher
and more distinguished place in our poetical literature than he can
be saiu U> have atUiiuL'd. His Australia, and sevennl of his lyrics,
were juvenile pledges of future excellence which maturity can
scarcely ln' said to have fully redeemed.' — Moir's Poet. Lit. of the
PasI Half-Century.
Hervey, Mrs. Thomas Kibble, married in 1843
to the prcL-L'ding, previon.sly known as Miss Eleonora
Louisa Montagu, was b. in ISI 1, at Liverpool, and is
a daughter of George Conway Montagu, Esq., of Lack-
ham, Wilts, a member of a collateral branch of the family
of the Dukes of Manchester. Miss Montagu acquired
celebrity at an early age by her poetical contributions to
the Annuals and other periodicals. In 1839 she pub. The
Landgrave, a Dramatic Poem, and since her marriage has
given to the world — Margaret Russell, an Autobiography,
1849, fp. Svo; The Double Claim, 1849, sq., 1853 ; The
Pathway of the Fawn, 1S51, sq., 1352; (see Athenseum,
No. 1262;) Juvenile Calendar and Zodiac of Flowers;
with twelve Illustrations of the Month, by Richard Doyle ;
new ed., 1855, 16mo.
" One of the most charming gift-books for the young which wo
have ever met with." — Non-cnnfirrmist.
'* Never has the graceful pencil of Mr. Doyle been more grace-
fully employed than in sketehing the charming illustrations of
this charming volume." — London Sun.
Heselrige, Sir Arthur, M.P., d. 1660, a Parlia-
mentary commander. 1. Lett, concerning the Revolt and
Recovery of Tinmuuth Castle, Lon., 1648, 4to. 2. Lett,
to W. Leothal concerning a great Victory obtained by the
Parliament Forces in Northumberland, fol., 1648.
Uesketh, Henry, D.D., Rector of Charlewood, Sur-
rey. Sernis., 1678-99.
Heskith, Thomas. Serms., 1699-1703.
Heskyns, Thomas, D.D. The Parliament of
Chryste, &c. against M. Juell Brux, 1565, fol. ; Antw.,
1506, fol. This answer to Juell on the Eucharist was
replied to by Dr. Fulke.
Heselden, W. S. Sails for Windmills, 1807, Svo.
Heslop, Luke, D.D., Archdeacon of Bucks, and
Rector of Bothal, Northumberland, pub. two Serms. and
a Charge, 1807, Svo, and some treatises on agriculture,
&c., 1798-1805. See Watt's Bibl, Brit.; Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Hesse, E. Vocabulary of German, Lon., 1794, 12mo.
Hesse, Robert. Exhortation to the Sick, Lon.,
1566, 8vo.
Hessel, John, 1814-1838, a Methodist miniater.
Memoirs of, from his Journal and Correspondence, by the
Rev. Joshua Priestley, Lou., 1841, 12mo.
Hessey, James Augustus, D.C.L., Preacher to
the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn. and Head-Master of
Merchant Taylors' School, has pub. Schema Rhetorica,
Oxf., 1845, fob, a number of serms., Ac. See Darling's
Cyc. Bibl., vol. i. 1453.
Hester, Johu, Surgeon, Loudon, pub. trans, of seve-
ral medical works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Hcth, or Hett, Thonias, Confutation of an As-
tronomical Discourse, &c., Lou., Svo. Written in answer
to John Harvey.
Hetheriugton, William M,, D.D., minister of
Free St. Paul's Church, Edinburgh, formerly minister of
Torphichen. 1. Twelve Dramatic Sketches, p. Svo. : see
Blackwood's Mag., xxx. 250. 2. Roman History; re-
printed from the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit., 1839, r- 12mo ;
with Topography and Statistics of Modern Rome, by Rev.
J. Taylor. New ed., 1852, 12mo. Highly commended.
3. The Fulness of Time, Svo.
"Mr. Jletherington's very original and able treatise on the
Fulness of Time." — Soidhey's Doctor.
"The learned, argumentative, and eloquent work of the Rev.
W. M. lletheriugton on the Fulness of Time." — Da. Duff: ort
India.
See also The Christian Instructor, Presbyterian Review,
Evangelical Mag.
4. Hist, of the Church of Scotland. 1841, Svo; 3d ed.
(1843, Svo) carries the history to the period of the dis-
ruption, 1843; people's ed., 1848, r. Svo. New ed., 1853,
2 vols. 8vo. See Bickersteth's C. S. 5. Hist, of the
Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1843, fp. Svo. Sea
Bickersteth, K&i' s»7>ra. 6. The Minister's Family; new
ed., 1847, l2mo; 5th ed., 1851, 12mo. Highly commended
by the Christian Ladies' Magazine, Edin. Advertiser, The
Christian Instructor, Presbyterian Review.
We should not forget to acknowledge our obligations to
Dr. Hctherington for his memoir of Wilson, the ornitho-
logist, in Constable's Miscellany; see Blackwood's Mag.,
XX.V. 250.
Hctley, Sir Thomas, Serjcant-at-Law. Reports in
Common Pleas, 3 Car. L-8 Car. L, 1627-32, Lon., 1657,
IIET
fol. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 384, and authorities there
cited; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 196-197.
" Sir Thomas Uetley's Reports are profitable for reading, he
being one set apart for that purpose."
Hett, Thomas. Seo IIeth.
Hett, Wm. Serms., &c., 1793-1818.
Heiide, Lieut. Wm. A Voyage up the Persian
Gulf, and a Journey from India to England, in 1817, Lon.,
1819. 8vo.
Heugh, Hugh. 1. Serm., 1826, Svo. 2. State of
Religion in Geneva and Belgium, 1844, 12mo. 3. Life
and Select Works, by Macgill, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed.,
1852, 2 vols. sm. 8vo.
Heurtley, Charles, Rector of Fenny-Compton, War-
wickshire, and Honorary Canon of Worcester Cathedral.
1. Plain Words about Prayer; now ed., 1S35, 8vo, pp. 52.
2. Serms. before the Univ. of Oxford, 1836-37, 8vo, 1837.
3. Four Serms. on Union, 1842, Svo. Reviewed in British
Critic, xxxi. 428. 4. Eight Serms. on Justification;
Bampton Lects., 1845, 8vo, 1846. 5. Parochial Serms.: 1st
Ser., 1849, 1 2mo, 2d ed., 1851, 12mo ; 2d Ser., 1850, 12mo ;
3d Ser., 1852. 12mo.
Hcwardine, Wm. Ililaria; or, the Festive Board,
1798.
UeAvat, Peter, one of the ministers of Edinburgh.
Three E.\ceUent Points of the Christian Doctrine, Edin.,
1621. 4to.
Hewatt, Alexander, D.D. 1. Hist. Acct. of the
Rise and Progress of the Colonies of S. Carolina and
Georgia, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 2. Serms., Lon., 1803-05,
2 vols. 8vo.
Hewerdine, Francis. Evil Courses, Lon., 1707,
12mo.
Hewerdine, Thomas, Rector of Abington. 1. In-
fant Baptism, Lon., 1699, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1711, 8vo. 3.
The C. Pr.ayer-Book no Mass-Book, 1718, 8vo.
Hewes, Kev. F. Trans, of the Satires of A. Per-
sius Flaccus, 1809, 8vo.
Hewes, Lewes. Book of C. Prayer, 1640, 4to.
Hewetson, Capt. Wm. B., R.A. 1. The Blind
Boy ; a Melu-Drama, 1808. Svo. 2. William Tell ; from
the French of Florian, 1809, 12mo. 3. The Fallen Minis-
ter, and other Tales; from the German of Spiess, 1809,
2 vols. 12uio.
Hewett, Thomas. Two Serms., 1816.
Hewgill, Edwin. The Field Engineer; from the
German (4th ed.) of Tielke, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hewit, Alexander, D.D. See Hewatt.
Hewit, S. A. New Work of Animals ; with 100
Plates, Lon., 1812, 4to, £6 6».
Hewitson, Wm. C. 1. British Oology. 1837, 2 vols,
r. Svo; 1846, 2 vols. r. Svo. Supp., r. Svo. See Edin. Rev.,
April, 1843, 472. 2. Illustrations of the Eggs of British
Birds, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1853, &c. This work com-
prises a new ed. of the British Oology, with the Supp.
3. Illustrations of Exotic Butterflies, 1852-54, Ac.
Hewitt, J. 1. A Guide for Constables, Birming.,
1779, Svo. 2. Memoirs of Lady Wilbrihammon, alias
Mollineux, alias Irving, an Impostress, 4to.
Hewitt, John. Serms., Lon., 1655, Svo.
Hewitt, John. 1. The Fair Rivals; a Trag., 1729,
Svo. 2. Fatal Falsehood ; a Trag., 1734, Svo. 3. A Tutor
for the Bcaus; a Com., 1737, Svo. See E-iog. Dramat.
Hewitt, John. Treatise upon Money, Coins, and
Exchanges, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Hewitt, John. 1. London Tower; its History, Armo-
ries, and Antiquities, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. A Chart of
Ancient Armour, 11th to 17th Cent., 1847; in a large
sheet.
" A graphic outline of the subject of milifai? costume during
the period of the greatest interest to the English Antiquary." —
Lon. Archcetil^f/ical Jour.
" A very useful and excellent device for showing at one view
the variety of fashion in the formation of armour from the 11th
to the 17th centuries." — Lrm. Literary Gazette.
3. Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe to end of
13th Cent., 1855, 8vo.
Hewitt, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth, formerly Miss
Jane L. Moore, a native of Maiden, Massachusetts,
removed, about two years after her marriage to Mr. Hewitt,
to New York, where she has since resided. Her earlier
poems first appeared in the Knickerbocker and other
periodicals under the signature of " lono." In 1S45 she
pub. a vol. of selections from her contributions to maga-
zines, under the title of Songs of our Laud, and other
Poems. In 1850 she edited a gift^book called The Gem
of the Western World, .and The Memorial, a tribute to the
memory of Mrs. Frances S. Osgood. She has also con-
HEX
tributed a number of talcs and sketches to the Odd-Fel-
lows' Ofi'ering, The Southern Literary Messenger, Ac. At
present she is engaged upon a prose volume entitled The
Heroines of History. Mrs. Hewitt's poetical compositions
have elicited warm commendation from the critics, in evi-
dence of which we must refer the reader to Griswold's
Female Poets of America: May's American Female Poets;
Hart's Female Prose Writers of America ; Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record ; Poe's Literati, Ac. ; Tuckerman's
Sketch of American Literature. We should not omit to
state that Mrs. Hewitt was recently married to Mr. Steb-
bins, of New York. Since the above was written, the vol.
entitled The Heroines of History has made its appearance,
(1S56.)
Hewlett, Ebenezer. Miracles Real Evidences of
a Divine Revelation. Lon., 1741, Svo. This is in answer
to Chulib and Fleming.
Hewlett, Mrs. Esther. See Copley.
Hewlett, J. G., D.D. 1. Thought upon Thought for
Young Men. New ed., L851, 12mo.
" We should rejoice to find it in the hands of every young man
in the empire." — Lou. Christian Examiner.
2. The Oracles Interpreted; or. Scripture DifBcnlties Ex-
plained, 1852, 12mo. 3. Facts without Fiction, 1854, fp.
Hewlett, James P., Chaplain of Magdalen and New
Colleges, .and Curate of St. Aldate's, Oxford. Serms.
adapted for Parochial and Domestic Use, Lon., 1821, Svo.
■' We cordially recommend these sermons as evangelical, judi-
cious, simple, and perspicuous, well calculated for village reading
and the pui-poses of domestic instruction."— ion. Investigator.
''There is perhaps no char.-icter more truly valuable and respect-
able than that of a laborious and faithful Parish Priest, who, by
his doctrine, precept, and example. ' allures to brighter worlds and
leads the way.' Such was Mr. Hewlett.''— ion. Evanijelical ilagOr
ziuf.
Hewlett, John, Morning Preacher at the Foundlmg
Hospital, and Rector of Hilgay, pub. a number of occa-
sional serms., educational works, Ac. 1. Serms., Lon.,
1786-91, 2 vols. Svo; 5th and last ed., 1825, 3 vols. Svo.
■' His sermons are composed carefully ; he says nothing but what
merits to be heard, but much, very much, that his hearers must
be anxious to treasure up for their own sei-vice."- iWiPiJ, by
1 Oues'imits.
1 2. The Holy Bible, with the Apocrypha and Notes, 1812,
3 vols. 4to. In 1816, (5 vols. 8vo,) an ed. of the Notes was
' pub. without the text, entitled Commentaries and Disqui-
sitions on the Holy Scriptures. See Home's Bibl. Bib.;
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 126-127; Brit. Critic, New Ser., iii.
pp. 339 ct seq. 3. Hist, of the Jews, 1S13, 12mo. 4. The
Lord's Supper, 1S15, Svo. Highly commended and often
reprinted.
Hewlings, A. Lett, to the Electors of Westminster,
rel. to J. Home Tooke's Calumnies, 1807, Svo.
Hewnden, Anthony, Surgeon. Of a Tumour on
the Neck, cured; Phil. Tr.ans., 1706.
Hewson. 1. A Hymne to the gentle Craft; or, Hew-
son's Lamentation, 1659, fol. 2. Hewson reduo'd ; or, the
Shoemaker rcturn'd to his trade, 1661, 4to.
Hewson, Addinell,M.D., Surgeon to Wills Hospital,
Philadelphia. Amer. ed. of Dr. W. M.ackenzie's Practical
Treatise on Diseases and Injuries of the Eye, Phila., 1855,
Svo, pp. 1 028, with Plates and Cuts. From the 4th enlarged
and revised Lon. ed., 1854, 2 vols. Svo. The value of this
great work is well known to the profession.
Hewson, Thomas T., M.D., 177.3-1848, son of the
following, b. in London, for nearly fifty years an eminent
physician in Philadelphia; transl.ated F. Swediaur's Treat,
on Syphilis, Phila.. 1815. Svo. See obituary notice by
Franklin Bache. M.D.. Phil.a., 1850. Svo.
Hewson, William, M.D., 1739-1774, an eminent
anatomist, a native of Hexham, died in consequence of
receiving a wound whilst dissecting a morbid body. 1.
Experimental Inquiries into the Properties of the Blood;
in three Parts: 1. 1771, 12mo: (2d ed., 1772, 12mo;) 2.
1774, Svo; 3. 1776, Svo. See Falconer. Magnus. His
papers, which were afterwards collected, were pub. in the
23d, 24th, 25th, and 28th vols, of PhU. Trans., 1768-73.
He also contrib. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767 ; Med. Com.,
1775.
Hewytt, John, D.D., Minister of St.-6regory's-near-
1 St.-P.aurs, London, beheaded on Tower Hill, 1658, for a
political conspiracy. 1. Nine Select Serms., Lon., 1658,
sm. Svo. 2. Repentance and Conversion the Fabrick of
Salvation, Ac. ; being several Serms., 1658, Svo.
Hexham, Henry. 1. A Tongue Combat betweene
two English Souldiers, Lon., 1623, 4to.
"In this singular work will be found many phrases current
among the common people at the commencement of the 17tll
" 2."s^ege of the Busse, Ac, Delph., 1630, 12mo. 3. Tak-
837
HEY
ing in of Veulo, Ac, 1633, 4to. 4. Priuciijles of the Art
Military, 1637, fol.; Lon.. 1640, fol. ; Delf and Rotten!.,
1642, fol. 5. English and Netheriluytch Dictionary, Rotter.,
1648, 4to. Eiil.arged, Ac. by Dan. Manlcy, 1675, '78, 4to.
Hey, J. V. D. Observations Politiques et Morales,
E.'iperimentes sur les Vrais Principes de la Finance, Lou.,
1784, 8vo. ' '
Hey, John, D.D., 1734-1815, educated at Catherine
Hall, Cambridge ; Fl-1Iow of Sidney College, 1758 ; became
Rector of Passenham, Northamptonshire, and Calverton,
Buckinghamshire, first Norrisian Professor of Divinity,
1780-95. Ho pub. a Seatonian Prize Poem, entitled An
Essay on Redemption, 1763, 4to, Serms.. 1773-1S15, and
the following works, by which he is best known : 1. Lects.
in Divinity delivered in the Univ. of Cambridge, Camb.,
1796, 4 vols. 8vo ; 2d ed., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., edited
by Turton, 1841, 2 vols. Svo.
'• Cannot be sufliinently admired for the various and extended
learning, the profouud thouRht, the copious and correct diction,
the calm discussion, for which they are distinguished."— Bn(
Oritic.
"His manner struck me as stiff and perplexed at first; but this
wears off as I advance."— 6Vcfn's Diary of a Lover of Lilerature,
1810, 199-206. See Home's Bibl. Bib.
2. Discourses on the Malevolent Sentiments. Probably
printed 1801, Svo. Pub. 1S15. On Hatred, Envy, Malice,
and Resentment.
"It is entirely the result of a calm and Christian meditation,
enriched by much oViservation of human nature in all its various
workings, and aided by all the precision of mathematical reasonine "
—Bntisli Critic. "'
3. General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul,
Buckingham, 1811, Svo.
"It contains many pleasing remarks on the style and writings
of St. Paul."- flbivu-'s Bihl. Bib.
_ Bp. Kaye calls Dr. Hey " one of the most acute, impar-
tial, and judicious divines of modern times."
Hey, John. On Zion's Trumpet, Ac, 1801, Svo.
Hey, Richard, LL.D., Barristor-at-law, Fellow of
Sidney, Sussex, and Magdalen Colleges, Cambridge, brother
to Dr. .John Hey, preceding, pub. The Captive Monarch, a
Tragedy, 1794, Svo, Edington, a Novel, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo,
and some political and other treatises. 1. Civil Liberty
and the Principles of Government, Lon., 1776, Svo.
"Mr. Hey's observations are generally delivered in the candid,
liberal style of a geutleman, and many of them deserve particular
attention."— «,c;rs Bihl. Amer. Nnva, i. 23.5.
2. Three Disserts, on the Pernicious Effects of Gaming,
Duelling, and on Suicide, 1812, Svo. Pub. separately,
17S3. '84, '85. 3. Happiness and Rights; in answer to
Paine's Rights of Man, 1792, Svo. Abridged, 1792, 12mo.
"Mr. Hey's professed object is, with Mr. Buike. to overturn the
doctrine of natural lishts."— Robert Hall, who reviews this work
at large: see Hall's Works, ed. 1863, iii. 124-136.
Hey, W. Parish Registers, 1812.
Hey, William, Surgeon at Leeds, 1736-1819, pub.
profess, treatises, 1779-1S03, and Tracts and Essays, Moral
and Theological, 1822, Svo.
"The observations of a clejir and vigorous mind on various im-
portant topics."— BicJersfrf/i's C. .V.
See Life of Mr. Hey, by John Pearson, 1822. Svo. New
ed., 2 vols. p. Svo. A new ed. of Hey's Observations on
Surgery has been pub., (1 vol. 8vo,) and a collection of his
Professional Writings, 1 vol. Svo.
Hey, William, Jr. A Treatise on the Puerperal
Fever, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
Hey, Mrs. William. 1. Moral of Flowers; new ed.,
1849, sq. cr. Svo.
" Full of exquisite poetry."— SZncJioooifs Mag.
2. Sylvan Musings ; or. The Spirit of the Woods ; new
ed., Lon., 1849, sq. cr. Svo.
"The two elegant volumes with which Mrs. William Hey has
favoured the public are well fitted to lend grace and ornament to
that which is solid and useful."- Xoa. Medical Gazelle.
Heyden. See HEynoN.
Heydou, or Heyden, C, Jr. 1. Astrology Familiar-
ized, Lon., 1786, Svo. 2. The New Astrology, 1786, Svo.
Heydoii, or Heyden, Sir Christopher. 1. A De-
fence of Judicial Astrology ; in answer to Mr. JohnChamber.
Camb., 1603, 4to.
" A work full of no common reading, and carried on with no
mean argument." — Alheii. Omn.
Heydon's work was answered by Bishop Carleton ; and
Chamber wrote a rejoinder to Haydon, but did not live to
publish it. See Carleton, Gkoiige.D.D.; Chamber, John.
2. An Astrological Discourse in Justification of the
Venty of Astrology, Lon., 1650, Svo. See Athen. O.xon.
Heydon, or Heyden, John, M.D., pub. a number
of Rosicrucian and medical works, 1647-65. Sec Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., 92.
^"^*'^,!?"' •'"hn, D.D. Discourses, 1761, 2 vols. 4to.
HEY
Heylin, or Heylyn, John, D.D., d. about 1760,
sometimes called The Mystic Doctor, was Preb. of
AVestiuinster, and Rector of St. Mary-le-Strand 1 Serm
1720, Svo. 2. Serm., 1728, Svo. 3. Theolog. Lects , with
an Interp. of the N. Test., 1749-61, 2 vols. 4to. The first
part treats of the four Gospels ; the second part, of the
Epistles.
"The whole contains evident marks of solid judgment criti.'d
skiU, and considerable learning."— ion. Monlh. Rev.. O. .S..xxv.S3.
__4. XVIL Discourses, 1770, 12mo. 6. XL. Discourses,
li 93, 2 vols. Svo. See Blackwood's Mag., XXV 695
Heylin, or Heylyn, Peter, D.D., 1600-1662, a na-
tive of Burford, Oxfordshire, was educated at Hart Hall,
and elected Fellow of Magdalen College. Oxford ; Rector
of Hemmingford, Huntingdonshire, and Preb. of Westmin-
ster. Oct. 1631, and shortly afterwards Rector of Houghton;
deprived-during the Rebellion, but reinstated in all his
ecclesiastical honours at the Restoration. Heylin pub. at
least thirty-seven works,— theological, political, educa-
tional, historical, Ac— the most of which are now almost
entirely forgotten. Among the principal are— 1. Micro-
cosmus; or. Description of the World, Oxon., 1622, 4to ;
7th ed., improved, Ac. by Edmund Bohun, 1703, fol. 2. A
Help to English History, Lon., 1641, 4to. First pub. under
the name of Rob. Hall, Gent. After several eds. had ap-
peared, it was pub., brought down to 1773, by P. Wright,
1773, Svo. 3. Hist, of the Sabbath, 1636, 4to. 4. Hist.
of Episcopie, 1642, '57, 4to. First pub. under the name
of Theop. Churchman. 6. Hist, of the Reformation of the
Church of Scotland, 1644, '60, fol.
" A party writer, to be read with caution. He perverts and mis-
represents."- i>tcA-tr.'ife(/i's C. S.
6. Cyprianus Anglicus ; or. The Life and Death of Arch-
bishop Laud, 1614, '68, '71, fol.; Dubl., 1719, fol. 7. Re-
lation of Two Journies, the one into France, the other into
some of the adjacent Islands, Lon., 1656, 4to. 8. France
painted to the Life, 1657, Svo. Anon. Falsely attributed
to Heylin : see Athen. Oxon. 9. Examen Historicum, 1658,
^9, Svo. This is an attack upon histories by Thomas
Fuller and Wm. Sanderson : see Fuller, Thomas, p. 644.
10. Discovery and Removal of the Stumbling-BIock of
Disobedience and Rebellion, cunningly laid down in the
Subject's Way by Calvin, 1658, 4to. 11. Certamen Epis-
tolare, 1659, Svo. 12. Declaration of the Judgment of the
Western Churches in five Controverted Points, reproached
in these late times by the name of Arminianism, 1060, 4to ;
1673, Svo. This involved the author in a controversy with
some able writers. 13. Ecclesia Restaurata; or. The Hist,
of the Reformation of the Church of England, 1661, '70, '74,
f<d. New ed., with Life of the Author by John Barn'ardi
D.D. Edited for the Eccles. Hist. Society by James C.
Robertson, Camb., 1819, 2 vols. Svo. 14. Aerius Rodi-
vivus ; or, The Hist, of the Presbyterians from 1536 to 1647.
0.\f., 1670, fol.; Lon., 1672, fol.
1 ," P"*'"?,; '° i'^ history of the Puritans and the Presbyterians,
blackens them for political devils. He is the Spagnolet of history
delighting himself with honors .at which the painter himself must
have started. He tells of their oppositions to monarchical and
episcopal government, their innovations in the church, and their
embroilments of the kingdom. The sword rages in Iheir hands-
treason, sacrilege, plunder; while 'more of the blood of En.Hish-
men had poured like water within the space of four years, than
had been shed in the civil wars of York and Lancas'ter in four
centuries. — Dis-raeli's Curiosities of Lilerature.
15. The 'Voyage of France;' or, A Complete Journey
through France, [in 1625,] 1673, Svo, 1679.
"This volume, however, we assure our readers, is of a most
amusing description, and indicative of great reading and acquire-
ments for the age at which it was written. It is full of the effer-
vescence of young life and animal spirits. The air of France seems
to have actually converted the author into a Frenchman whose
vivacity, point, and hadiimge. he seems to have imbibed. The very
moment he touched the Gallic soil he cast away his canonicals
and became the most facetious and joyous of good fellows the
most lively of tourists."— Lot. Retrosp. Rev., iii. 21-31, 1821.
16. Historical and Miscellaneous Tracts; collected by
the Rev. George 'i^ernon, with an Account of the Author's
Life, 1681, fol. A New Life of Heylin, by his son-in law
John Barnard, D.D., 1682, 12mo. See Barnard, John,
p. 124; and for a particular account of the controversy
between Barnard and Vernon, see Disraeli's Curiosities of
Literature, article The Rival Biographers of Heylin. To
these Lives of Heylin, Blount's Censura Celebriorum, to
Athen. Oxon., and to Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxiv. 723, we refer
the reader for further particulars connected with our
author and his works.
" He was a person endowed with singular gifts, of a sharp and
pregnant wit, solid and clear judgment. In his younger vears he
was accounted an excellent poet, but very conceited aiid prag-
matical; in his elder, a better historian, a noted preacher, and a
ready or extemporanean speaker." — Allien. Oxon.
As a politician, he had.
HEY
"According to the currtmt opinion of tlie a^e he lived in, too
high notions ot" regal power; led by the common mistake of the
term supreme magistrate, and not rightly distinguishing between
the legislature and the administration." — Swift.
Heyne, Benjamin, M.D. 1. Tracts, Historical and
Statistical, on India, an Acct. of Sum.'itra,iic.,LoD,,1814,4to.
"A work not so well known as from its information, particularly
etatistical. it deserves to be." — SU:vcns<>ns Vi't/nyes and Travels.
2. Con, to Trans. Linn. Soc, and Thorn. Ann. Philos.,
1313.
Heynes, John. Scrm., Lon., 1699, 4to.
Heynes, Matthew. Serms., 1701, both 4to.
Heynes, Samuel. Trigonometry, Lon., 1701, 8vo;
1716, 12mo,
Heyrick, John, liieut., R,A,, d. 1787, aged 35.
First Flights ; pieces in Verse, Lon., 1797, 4to.
Heyrick, Samuel. Visitation Serm., 1805, 8vo.
Heyrick, Thomas. Miscellany Poems, Camb., 1691,
4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 370, £1 5.».
Heyrickc, Uichartl. Serms., 1641, '46.
Heyricke, Thomas. Serms., 1685, '97.
Heysham, John, M.D., of Carlisle. Profess, trea- '
Uses, 1776-82.
Heythureu, J. Van. The Eciuity Draftsman, 1817,
8vo.
Heyivard. Answer to Doleman's Conference concern- ,
ing Succession, 1603, 4to.
Hey wood, «r IlayAVOod, Mrs. Eliza, 1693 ?-1756,
daughter of a London tradesman named Fowler, pub. a
number of loose novels, which gave her a place in the
Dunciad. llcr late publications were of a less exception-
able character. Among the best-known of these mis-
chievous productions are The Secret History of the pre-
sent Intrigues of the Court of Caramania, 2d ed., Lon.,
1727, 8vo ; and The New Utopia. Her latter writings are —
1. The Female Spectator, 4 vols, 2. Epistles for the La-
dies, 2 vols. 3. Fortunate Foundling, 1 vol. 4. Adven-
tures of Nature, 1 vol. 6. History of Betty Thoughtless,
4 vols. 6. Jenny and Jemmy Jessamy, 3 vols, 7. In-
visible Spy, 2 vols. 8. Husband and Wife, 2 vols. 9. A
Present for a Servant Maid, pamphlet. The above are all
12mo. She wrote several other works, and some plays.
See Biog. Dramat. ; The Tatler, with Notes ; Bowles's ed.
of Pope ; Drake's 15ssays, vol. iv.
Heywood, Ellis, d. about 1672, a son of John Hey-
wood, the dramatic poet, {post,) was elected Fellow of All-
Souls College in 1547, and subsequently became a Jesuit,
and died at Louvain. He wrote a book in Italian, entitled
II More, Florence, 1556, 8vo.
"Contains a discourse, fancied to be in the house of Sir Tho.
More, sometime L. Chan, of England, and in consultation with
him." — Allien. Oson., y. r.
Wood thinks that he wrote some other works.
Heywood, James. Serm., Lon., 1756, 8vo.
Heywood, Jasper, 1535?-1598, Fellow of Merton
College, a son of John Heywood, the dramatic poet, [post,)
trans, into English three tragedies of Seneca, — Thyestes,
1560, 12mo; Tro.as, 1560, 16mo, 1581, 4to; Hercules Fu-
rens, 1561, '81, 4to, — and various Poems and Devices, some
of which are printed in The Paradise of Dainty Devices,
1573, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. O.ion. ; Warton's
Hist, of Eng. Poet. ; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Heywood, John, d. 1565, Court Jester, and one of
the earliest dramatic writers, a native of North Mims,
near St. Alban's, educated at O.'iford, w.as a great favourite
with Henry VIII., and Queen Mary, his successor, on ac-
count of "the mirth and quickness of his conceits." On
the death of Mary, fearing that his principles as a Roman
Catholic would invite persecution, he retired to Mechlin,
in Brabant, where he resided until his death. A collec-
tion of his works was pub. in 1562, 4to ; also in 1556, '66,
'76, '87, 98, all 4to. His longest production is a poem
entitled The Spider and the Flie, 1656, 4to. This allego-
rical work — containing ninety-eight chapters in the octave
stanza — is intended to vindicate the Roman Catholic ad-
ministration, of which the author was an admirer. Queen
Mary is represented by the maid with her broom, (the civil
sword.) executing the commands of her master, (Christ,)
and her mistress, (the Church.) The Flies are the Roman
Catholics, and the Spiders are the Protestants. The au-
thor has not made his illustrations very clear ; for Harrison
declares
•■ One hath made a booke of the Spidee and the Flie, wherein
he dealeth so profoundlle, and beyond all measure of skill, that
neither he himselfe that made it, neither anie one that readeth it,
can reach unto the meaning thereof." — Discriptimt of Britaine ;
prefixed t^ llnlin^heiVs Clironide.
As a poet Heywood does not seem to have been more
successful than as a theologian :
IIEY
"Perhaps there never was so dull, so tedious and trifling an
apologue: without ftincy, int-auiug, or moral." — Warton's Hist, of
Eng. Fottry.
This vol. is very rare, and has been sold at high prices.
Of Heywood's poetical Dialogue, coutaiuing the number
in effect of all the Proverbs in the English language,
(1547, Svo,) and his three quarto pamphlets, containing
600 epigrams, there were numerous editions before the
year 1598, in which year appeared the last ed. of his
Works, 4to. None of his dramatic works, which are six
in number, extend beyond the limits of an interlude.
Their titles are: 1. A Play between Juhan the husband,
Tyb the wife, and Sir Johan the priest, 159;^, 4to. 2. A
merry Play between the Pardoner and the Friar, the
Curate and Neighbour Prat, 1593, 4to. 3. The Phiy
called The Four P. P. ; a newo and a very merry Inter-
lude of a Palmer, a Pardoner, a Potycary, and a Pedlar,
N. D. D. C, 4to. 4. A Play of Genteelness and Nobility,
N. D., Int., 4tu. 5. A Play of Love, Int., 1533, 4to. 6. A
Play of the Weather, Int., 1553, 4to.
For particulars respecting Heywood and his works, see
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oson. ; Cibber's Lives; Phillips's
Theat. Poet.; Biog. Dramat.; Ellis's vSpecimens ; Cen-
sura Lit., vols, iii., ix. ; Brit. Bibliog., vol. iii. ; Dodd's
I Ch. Hist., vol. ii. ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Chal-
mers's Biog. Diet. ; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ; Disraeli's
Amenities of Lit.
■ " His comedies, most of which appeared before the year 1534,
I are destitute of plot, humour, or t-haracter, and give us no very
hit;h opinion of the festivity of this agrt-eable companion. They
consist of low incident and the languajie of ribaldry. Hut per-
I faction must not be expected before its time. He is called our
first writer of comedies. But tbose who say this speak without
i determinate ideas, and confound comedies with moralities and
[ interludes. We will allow tbut he is amont; the first of our dra-
' matists who drove the Bibl^from the stage and introduced icpre-
i mentations of familiar lify and popular manners. . . . Wifi Ejiiijrams,
I six hundred in number, are probably some of his jokes versitied,
i aud perhaps were often extemporaneous sallies, made and repeated
j in company. Wit and humour are ever found in proportion to the
proijress of politeness. The miseralile drolleries and the con-
' temptible quibbles with which these little pieces are pointed
' indicate the great want of refinement, not only in the composi-
tion, but in the conversation, of our ancestors. . . . Another of
Heywood's works is a poem in long verse, entitled A Dialogue
coiitayning in etfh-t the numh'-r of at the I'Roverbs in the Efiglish
tongue coinjt'i.t ill <i matd r cinncrmng Iwo marHages. . . . All the
proverbs otth.* Kn^ilish bniLrnnyie are here interwoven into a very
silly comic Uile."— U</W(>/;'.s IFist. of Eng. Poet.
" Of John Heywood, the favouiite jester of Henry the Eighth
and his daughter Mary, and the intimate of Sir Thomas More,
whose congenial humour may have mingled with his own, more
table-talk aud promptness at reply have been handed down to us
than of any writer of the times. His quips, and quirks, and
quibbles, are of his age, but his copious pleasantry still enlivens;
these smoothed the brow of Henry, and relaxed the rigid muscles
of the melancholy Marv."' — Disradi's Amaiities of Literal m-e.
Heywood, Nathaniel, 1633-1677. Minister at
Ormskirk, Lancashire, brother of Oliver Heywood, and
also a Non-conformist divine. Christ Displayed ; being a
series of Serms., 1679. Pub. by Oliver Heywood, his
brother, who also wrote his Life. See Oliver Heywood's
Works, ed. 1827, vol. i. 447.
Heywooil, Oliver, 1629-1702, a Non-conformist
divine, a native of Bulton, Lancashire, admitted of Trin.
Coll., Camb., 1647; minister of ILilifa.\, 1652; deprived
at the Restoration. He wrote a number of serms., &c.
His treatise entitled Life in God's Favour was reprinted
by John Fawcett, D.D., who also wrote a Sketch of the
author's Life, 179S, Svo. His Life, by Rev. J. Hunter,
was pub. in 1S42, '44, Svo; and in 1827 (5 vols. Svo) ap-
; peared (by Vint) his Whole Works now first collected,
j revised and arranged ; including some tracts exceedingly
, rare, aud others from unpublished MSS.
* Contents : — Heart Treasure, Sure Mercies of David,-
j Closet-Prayer, Intercession of Christ, Life in God's Fa-
vour, Israel's Lamentation, Job's Appeal, Baptismal Bonds,
I Family Altar, Best Entail, Heavenly Converse, New Crea-
: ture, The Two Worlds, Meetness for Heaven, Youth's
j Monitor, Sermons, &c.
\ Vol. i. contains Memoirs of Heywood, by the Rev.
I Richard Slate, and revised by the editor of Mr. Hey-
' wood's works.
I " Heywood's works are yaluable in themselves, and are strongly
recommended by the most excellent character of the writer." —
i }Vtlliams's C. 1\
Heywood, Samuel, Serjeant-at-Law. 1. Laws of
County Elections, Lon., 1790, 1818, Svo. 2. Law of
Borough Elections, 1797, Svo. 3. Vindic. of Mr. Fox's
Hist, of James IL, ISIl, 4to.
" lie [Serjeant Heywood] has not the talent of saying what be
has to say quickly; nor is he aware that brevity is in writing
liat chaiity is to all other virtues. Itit^hteousness is worth no
thiuu; without the one. nor authorship without the other. But
'839
IIEY
HIB
Kilk-d with KindUL-ss! PostTity is bound to take i-are that a
»^rit«r loses nothing by such a noble modesty."— Cuaki^s Lamb :
"A production which abounds with good scenes, good writine
and excellent sentiment, and is distinguished by pure, gentle, and
attractive characters.'— i?e(m</.. Bev.. obi supra
7. The Late Lancashire Witches; a Comedy, 1634 4to
by R. Heywood and R. Broome. 8. The Hierarchie of
the Blessed Angels; their Names, Orders, and Offices: the
iall of Lucifer with his Angells, 1635, fol.
"Ueywood has been called a 1-rose Shakspeare for his dramas.
Which are indeed touching pictures of plain, homely, fireside feel-
ings, that make us more intimately acquainted with the life and
practical morals of .jur ancestors than the more Intellectual produc-
tions of his compeers can possibly do. I am afraid his Hierarchie
of Angels will scarce entitle him to be called a Prose .Milton- yet it
IS sufficiently curious to merit preservation •■—Blackiu. JIag.
The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels was a gie.at fa-
vourite of Sir Walter Scott, who often refers to it. 9. A
Challenge for Bcavtie; a Tragi-Comedy, 1636, 4to.
"Full of action and interest, and possesses a gre.it variety of
well-discriminated characters. . . . There is great vivacity in this
perlormancc. and sometimes considerable smartness of repartee "
— Itctro.^p. iiVc, ubi supra.
confess ourselves quite astonish.-d at the number and extent of
these inaccuracies."- Ret. Stdset Smitu : Edin. Htv.. xviii 325-
o4o.
See our Life of Fox, CH.inLES James, in this Dictionary.
4. Dis.sert. upon the Distinctions in Society and Ranks
of the People under the Anglo-Saxon Government, 1S18,
8to. See Edin. Rev., Iv. 309.
Heywood, Thomas, an actor, dramatic poet, and
prose writer, temp. Elizabeth, James L, and Charles I.,
was a native of Lincolnshire, and a Fellow of Peter House,
Cambridge. He tells us that there were no less than 220
plays in which he had "either an entire hand, or at the
least a main finger," (Pref. to the English Traveller;)
but of this large number only 23 have come down to us,
and of these The Late Lancashire Witches was written
In conjunction with R. Broome, and Fortune by Land
and Sea in conjunction with Wm. Rowley, For a list
of these plays and his other works, and criticisms upon a
number of them, we refer the reader to Langbaine's
Dramat. Poets; Winstanley's English Poets; Bioo-. Dra-
mat. ; Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poet.; Censura Literaria,
vol. i. : Brit. Bibliographer, vol. i. ; Restituta, vol. i. p!
240; Ellis's Specimens of Early English Poetry; Lamb's
Specimens of Eng. Dramat. Poets : Hazlitfs Lects. on
the Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth; Collier's
Hist, of Eng. Poet., and his ed. of Heywood's Dramat.
Works, pub. by the Shakspeare Society, ISoO, &c. ; Schle-
gel's Lects. on the Dramatic Art and Lit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Wan., 924-927; Whipple's Essays and Reviews
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1,'<23, xi. 124-160
Mag., iii. 141 ; iv. in, 668
526; lx.xiii. 220-225. Among the best-known of his pro-
ductions are the following r 1. The Rape of Luereoe ; a
Tragedy, 160S, 4to; 4th ed., 1630, 4to; 5th ed., 1638, 4to
"One_of the most wild, irregular, and unaccountable produc-
tions ot his age. Amongst the most extravagant buffoonery
Blackwood's
xxir. 570; Edin. Rev., Ixiv.
Mpra
10. Love's Maistres,
4to.
weflnd sparks of genius which would do' hono~irr"'to any drami'
tist. —Lmi. Ketnsp. Rev., iiln supra.
2. An Apology for Actors, 1612, 4to. This is one of
the best of his prose pieces. 3. A Women kilde with
Kindnesse; a Play, Lon., 1617, 4to.
" The language is not much raised above that of comedy but
Z,^"")- .■"*■ '""K^ '"'" "f S""'' ''""O"-' ""J 'l^th, in that
dramatic category. It may be read with interest and approbation
at this day. being quite free from extravagance either in manner
or language —the besettings in of our earlier dramatists.— and
equally so from buffoonery. The subject resembles that of
Kotzebue s dram.a, The Stranger, but is managed with a nobler
tone of morality."— fliiWam-s Lit. Hist, of Eurnjif.
"The winding up of this play is rather .awkwardly managed
and the moral is, according to established usage, equivocal It
required only Frankford's reconcilistion to his wife, as well as his
forgiveness of her for the highest breach of matrimonial duty to
7:fll "«? ' ■■* ^""■J? ^ "'"^^ "'"■ Kindness a complete counterikrt
of The blranger. Heywood, however, was in that respect but half
EU^ahelP"' "•''"•'''" ^ ^''^- <" "'" Dramat. Lit. of ttx Age of
But Sehlcgel points out a wide disparity between the
management of the two dramas thus compared: see his
Lects. on the Dramatic Art and Lit.
'■ Heywood is a sort of prose Shakspeare. His scenes are to the
Ml as natural and affecting. But we miss the pot/,— that which in
Shakspeare always appears out and above the surface of the nature
Ueywood s characters in this play, for instance, his country gen-
tleman, Ac are exactly what wo .see. but of the best kind of what
we see. in life. Shakspeare makes us believe, while we are among
his lovely creations, that they are nothing but what weare fiimiliir
with, as in dreams new things seem old : but we awake, and sigh
FtetZ" ''''''^'■''"™' Chaeles Lamb: Upecimcns of Eng. Dramat.
_ 4. Nine Bookes of various History eoncerninge Women ■
inscribed by ye names of ye nine Muses, 1624, fol. This
IS a very amusing book, and exhibits no little learning upon
the stibject discussed.
^. " I," ."'''' singular and scarce volume occurs a double version of
the >..nignia assigned to Cleobulus of Lindus," See Urunck's Ana-
lecta,
5. England's EHzabcth ; her Life and Troubles durin-'
her Minority, from the Cradle to the Crown, 1631, 12mo°
1632, '41, 12mo, This ed. is reprinted in the Harleian
Miscellany.
6 The English Traveller; a Tragi-Comedy, 1633, 4to
This play IS written in verse, and with that ease and persni-
cuity. Seldom rising to passion or figurative poetry, which distin-
guishes this dramatist. ... The underplot of this play is largely
borrowed irom the Mostc.Ilaria of I'lautus, and is diverting, though
somewhat absurd."— a,H«m',!i,-(.//,rf.,/£„rf,pe
hor, • "■'^!i''li'' ' preface to this play is interesting, as it shows the
neroic indifference about the opinion of posterity which some of
these great writers seem to have felt. There is a magnanimity in
authorship as m every thing else. His ambition seems to have
840 pleasure of hearing the players speak his hues
. or. The Queen's Masque, 1636,
11. The Royall King and the Loyall Subject; a Trao-i-
Comedy, 1637, 4to, Beaumont's Loyal Subject was greaSy
indebted to the plot of this piece: see Hallam's Lit. Hist
of Europe. 12. The Geuerall History of Women, 1657J
8vo. A number of Heywood's pieces have been repub. in
Dodsley's and other Collections ; several have been edited
for the Shakspeare Society by Barron Field; and Mr.
Collier has edited Heywood's Dramatic Works for the
same association.
" Heywood I shall mention next, as a direct contrast to Marlowe
m every thing but the smoothness of his verse. As Marlowe's
im-agination glows like a furn.ice. Hevwood's is a gentle, lambent
flame, that purifies without consuming. His manner is simplicity
Itself, there is nothing supernatural, nothing startling or terrific.
He makes use of the commonest circumstances of every-day life,
and of the ea,sieBt tempers, to show the workings, or rather the
meflicacy, of the passion.s,— the vis inertis of tragedy."— Hazuit.
"Heywood seldom rises to much vigour of poetry; but his dva-
matic invention is ready, his stvle is easv, his characters do not
transgress the boundaries of nature, and it is not surprising that
he was popular in his age."— i/uJtam s L,l. Hist, of Europe.
" Heywood's best comedies are distinguished by a peculiar air,
a superior manner ; his gentlemen are the most refined in their
nice sense of the true and beautiful, their fine moral perception
and finished in the most scrupulous attention to polite mauners;
most exact in the observances of decorum without appearing ri-
gorously precise, ductile as fused gold to that which is good, and
utimalleable to that which is evil; men, in short, 'of most erected
spiiits.'" — Rdrosp. Rev., uhi supra.
Iliam, otherwise called Abiczer, Coppe, which is
believed to have been his true name, 1619-1072, pub. some
theolog. treatises noticed on p. 429.
Hibbard, Freeborn Garrettson, a minister of the
M.E. Church, b. 1811, in N, RochellcN.Y. 1. Christian Bap-
tism, in 2 pts., N.Y„ 12mo. 2, Palestine: its Geog. and Hist.,
Svo. 3. The Psalms, chronologically .arranged, 1856, 8vo.
Hibberd, Shirley. 1. Summer Songs, Lon., 1851,
12mo. 2. Brambles and Bay-Leaves: Essays on the Homely
and Beautiful, 1855, fp. 3. The Town Garden. 1855, ISmo.
4. Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste, 1856, 12mo ; 2d
ed,, 1857, 8vo, 5, Epitome of the War, from its Outbreak
to its Close. 1856, 12mo. 6. Fresh-Water Aquaria, 1856,
12mo. 7. Marine Aquarium, 1856. 12mo. 8. Book of the
Water-Cabinet, 1856, 12mo. 9. Aquarium and Water-Ca-
binet. 1856, 12mo. 10. Garden Favourites, 1858, 8vo.
Hibbert, George, M.P., Speeches in H. of C. on the
Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1807, Svo,
Hibbert, Henry. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1624, 4to.
2. Serm., 1661, 4to. 3. Svstema Theologicum, or a-Body
of Divinity, and 12 Serms., 1662, fol. Hibbert's sale
3957, £3 19».
Hibbert, Samuel, M.D., of Manchester, Secretary
to the Society of Scottish Antiqu.aries. 1. Descrip. of the
Shetland Islands, Edin., 1822, 4to.
"The information is valuable: some of it new; but not suffi-
ciently select or condensed."— Stei'Miscm's Voyaqts and Travels See
Blackwood's Mag., ii. 3S0.
2. Hist, of Extinct Volcanoes on the Lower Rhine, Svo.
3. Hist, of Foundations of Manchester. 3 vols, 4 to and r.
4to. 4. Hist, of Manchester Cathedral, 4to and r. 4to. 5.
Sketches of the Philosophy of Apparitions.
"We have read this interesting volume with much pleasure
The account of the opinions formerly entertained of the origin,
nature, and power of spirits is particularly valuable."- Hejt
minster Review.
" Viewed in the light of a medical guide. It cannot fiiil to prova
of great adrantage as well to the protessional student as to tht
HIC
ireneral reader. We are now reluctantly compelled to leave this
amusin- and most instructive volume; but we cannot permit our-
seWe ™to finish onr very imperfect review of it without recommeud-
ng to ou, readers not only the book "^-If- »>" ,■"<"» rVrTceafl
thl principle upon which it is written.-the attempt to trace aU
spectral illusions to their physical cause. -Enlisl, ( rnic.
Also hin-hly commended by the New Monthly Mag.,
Literary Gazette; Literary Chronicle; Scotsman ; London
Star. An interesting notice of it by '• Christopher North
will be found in Noctes Ambrosianaj, March. Ib25 ; and
see Dr. Shelton Mackenzie's note to his ed. of the Noctes,
N.York, 1S55, vol. ii. 66.
Hichoeh, Robert. See Hitchcock.
HickeringiU, Edmimd, 16;i0-1708, educated at
Cambridge, became a captain in the army, and, in lbb<!,
Rector of All-Saints, Colchester. His belligerent spirit
accompanied liim into the church, to which he gave great
offence by a number of ••wild and scurrilous attacks on
Priestcraft, (1705, 4to,) ic. In 1707 he pub. a collection
of Miscellaneous Tracts, Essays, Satyrs, Ac. in Prose.
Lon 1707, 4to. In addition to his occasional serins, and
pamphlets, he put forth, in 1660, 4to, Jamaica Viewed;
also pub. in 1661, 1705, 4to, and included in bis collection
of Miscellaneous Tracts. The writer had spent some time
in Jamaica. In 1716 there was pub. a U ed. of his ^^ orks,
Oxf., 3 vols. 8vo. The editor says:
"The greatest writers of our times trembled at his pan •. and. .as
great a geuius as Sir Roger L'Estrange's was, il submitted to his
superior wav of reasoning."
But Newcourt treats him with less ceremony, and cha-
raeterizes bim as
- An impudent, violent, ignorant fellow, very troublesome, as
far as ho could, to his right reverend .liocesan, and to all that lived
near him.' — RfpcrtAjritiin.
See also Athen. O.'ion. ; Malone's Dryden.
Hickes, or Hicks, Gaspar. 4 Serms., Lon., 1644-
45. See Athen. O-ton.
Hickes, George, D.D., 1642-1715, a native of News-
ham, Yorkshire, entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1659 ;
after the Restoration removed to Magdalen College,
thence to Magdalen Hall, and in 1664 was chosen Fellow
of Lincoln College; Rector of St. Ebbe's church, Oxford,
about 1675 ; Vicarof All-Hallows Barking, London, 1680;
Dean of Worcester, 1683; deprived on refusing to take
the oath to William and Mary, 1689; consecrated Bishop
of Tbetford by the Nonjurors, 1694. Dr. Hickes was one
of the most profoundly-learned men of his time, and of
inflexible integrity of character. He pub. many contro-
versial treati.ses on religion and politics, and some other
works, (for a list of which see authorities cited below,) the
most of which are now forgotten. The following are among
the principal of his productions:— 1. Jovian; or, an
Answer to Johnson's Julian the Apostate, and Passive
Obedience Defended, 1673, '83, 8vo. Anon. _
" Wherein is sliowid that, notwithstanding this lloctnne of ^ on-
resistance or I'assive Obcdii-iu-e. we are secure enough of our lives,
properties, and religion." — Chap. xii.
2. The Spirit of Enthusiasm Exorcised ; or, a Sermon
on 1 Cor. xii. 4, Lon., 1681, 'S3, 4to ; 4th ed., with addits.,
1709, Svo. ,, „
"A very learned andimportant discourse."— BisbopV AN MrtDEBT.
3. Institutiones Grammaticaj Anglo-Saxonica; et Mieso-
Gothica;, a G. Hickesio, Grammatica Islandiea Runolphi
lonie. Catalogus Librorum Septentrionalium. Accedit
Edvardi Bernardi Etymologium Britannicum, Oxon.,
1689, 4to. A very valuable work.
"This book discovers an accuracy in this language beyond the
attainments of any that had gone before him in that study, and
will be of most nc-cessarv use to such as shall apply themselves to
the right understanding of the ancient history and laws of this
kingdom. But. as all first draughts of any sort are usually im-
perfect, so there seem to be some defects in it that might h.ave
been supplied. For example ; there wanted a chapter of the
variety of dialects, which might have been bad out of the northern
interlineary versions of the gospel, mentioned by Dr. Marshall;
one whereof is peremptorily affirmed to have belonged to St.
Cuthbert, as the other, in all likelihood, did to \ enerable Bede.
—Bishnp Niuisoiii Eng. Hist. Lib. See extract continued under
4. Linguarum 'Veterum Septentrionalium Thesaurum
Gramm.ltico-Criticum et Arcbajologicum, 1703-05, 6
Parts fol. : generally bound in two or three vols. Pub. at
£3 3«. ; large paper, £5 5s. Large-p.aper copies of this
great work were sold at £15 formerly, but can now be had
at from £5 to £6. Many portions of the work are taken
from original Saxon MSS. now lost.
" Dr Hickes, the great master of the Northern languages m
general and of the Anglc^faxon in particular, accomplished the
most arduous task in compiling and publishing, amidst the hard-
ships of di privation and poverty, his lamed Thesaurus Linguarum
Veterum Septentrionalium."— Da. Inok.\m. ,. ^ . .,
" All these defects [vick ante] are now amply supplied by the
great author in his Linguarum Vet. Septentrion.aUum Thesaurus I
IIIC
Grammatico-Criticuset Archasologicus; which has had so many
just praises given it, at home and abroad, that few LnglisU
readers can be strangers to its contents."-msaop NlcOLSON : ubl
'"^he bishop, referring to the Anglo-Saxon version of
Bede's History of the Anglo-Saxon Church, declares that
Dr. Hickes was "of all men now living the best able to
give a character of the performance."— CTi' stipra.
5 Several Letters which passed between Dr. G. Hickes
and a Popish Priest, Lon., 1705, 8vo ; 3d ed 1727, Svo.
6 A Second Collection of Letters rel. to the Ch. of hng.
and Ch. of Rome, 1710, Svo, between Dr. Hickes and
Lady Carew. The two collections were reprinted in 171&,
"For a^ p.articular defence of our own Reformers against the
cavils of Romish writers, see Abp. Laud's Conference with Fsher
Leslie's Case stated between the Ch of K"Bland and the Ch^of
Home, and Dr. Ilickes's Letters to a Popish I'riest. In these will
be found a full refutation of the charges brought against our Re-
former" and a complete vindication of them upon 'be soundes^
principles of church-unity and church-authonty. -BlsuOP V.1S
*"r Two Treatises : one on the Christian Priesthood, the
other Of the Dignity of the Episcopal Order. &c.. Ii07,
'11 Svo; 3ded., withaddits., 1711, 2 vols. Svo; 4tb ed ,
O.xon., 1847-48, 3 vols. Svo. In Lib of Anglo-tath
Thool. 8. Serms., with a Pref. by N. Spinckes, 1713,
2 vols 8vo 9. Devotions in the Ancient Way of Ofhces
Reformed, 1717, Svo. New ed., 1846 fp. Svo The ori-
ginal of this was by John Austin, who died 1669 : (see p. 83
of this Dictionary.) It was remodelled by Mrs. S. H.ipton,
and Dr. Hickes wrote a preface for the work thus revised.
10 Life of John KettlowoU. 1718, Svo. 11. berms., Ii2t),
Svo. Posth. See Biog. Brit., vol. vii., Supp. ; Burnet s
Own Times; Birch's Life of TiUotson ; Letters by Emi-
nent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. Svo ; Jones's Lilo of Bishop
Home: T. B. M.acaulay's Hist, of Eng., vol. in., ISob.
" A few other nonjurors ought to be paKicularly noticed. High
among them in rank was George Hickes Dean of V\orcester Of
all the Knglishmen of his time he was the most versed m the old
Teutonic lan-uages: and his knowledge of the early Christian
Sera ture was'exteosive. As to his capacity for political discus-
sons. it may be sufficient to s.ay that bis favouii e arguoient lor
p.assive obedience was drawn from the story of the IheUin legion.
— T. B. M.4C.M.LAT : uM SKj^ru. .
Hickes, or Hicks, William, 1620-lbo9. a captain
of the Train-Bands, and a Fifth-Monarchy man, educated
atWa.lham College, Oxford. Revelation Revealed; being
a Practical Exposition of the Revelation of ht. John, Lon.,
1659, '61, fol. See Athen. Oxon. ^
Hickes, or Hicks, William, a captain apparently
in the recruiting-service during the Civil War (««/).
Charles L 1. Oxford Jests, 1669 ; enlarged. Il20, 12mo.
This is called the first Jest-Book in the language. 2.
Coffee-House Jests; 3d ed., 16S4. 3. Oxiord Drollery;
being new poems and songs, 1679. Lloyd, ±3 lOo. *•
Grammatical Drollery; consisting of Poems and bongs.
This is ascribed to Hickes, but without certainty. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., £5 5s. , ^ ., . ., .
"This Ilicks, who was a sharking and indigent fellow while he
lived in Oxon.. and a great pretender to the art of d»"<^^'"B. ("b'<;o
he forsooth would sometimes teach.) was also author of 0!//cc-
7/™.s-cJ,-i;te. the third edition of which came out in ltjS4 and oj^
other trivial matters meerly to get bread and make the pot walk.
— Atlieii. Oxon.
Honest old Anthony seems to have held in great con-
tempt those whose motto is
'• Tenui musam meditamur aveua" ; — ^
" We cultiv.ate literature upon a little oatme.il : —
or who employed their pen for the grovelling purpose
of " making the pot walk."
Hickes. See also Hicks.
Hickey, Thomas. Storia della Pittura e la bcul-
tura; or, a History of Painting and Sculpture from the
earliest accounts, Ital. and Eng., Caleulta, 1788, 4to
Hickie, Rev. D. B., LL.D., Head-Master of Arch-
bishop Sandys's Grammar-SchooI, Hawksbead. has pub. a
Greek Primer, a Latin Grammar, an ed. of Xenophon s
Anabasis and the Memorabilia of Socrates, of Longinus
On the Sublime, Select Idylls of Theocritus, Ac.
Hickman, Charles, D.D., d. 1713. a native of
Northamptonshire, student of Christ Church, Oxford,
1667 ; minister of St. Ebbe's Church, Oxford ; Lecturer of
St. James's, Westminster, 1692 ; subsequently Rector of
Hogsnorton,Leicestershire;BishopofDerry,1702. l.Serm. ;
pub. separately, 1680-95. 2. Serms. before the H. of Com-
mons, 1690, 4to. 3. Fourteen Serms., 1700, Svo ; 2d ed.,
1706, Svo; 3d ed., 1718, Svo. 4. Twelve Serms. on the
Festivals and Fasts, 1713, Svo ; 2d ed., 1724, Svo.
" Bn. Hickman, as a writer of sermons, has scarce a supenor,
and few i-quals."- S^MUEl. Clapuam. See Athen. Oxon.
Hickman, Henry, d. at Leyden, 1692, a Non-con-
lire
formist divine a native of Worcestershire, c.lueated at '
Cambridge Felluw of Magdalene College, Oxford, was de-
pnved at the Restoration, and became preacher to the
English congregat.on at Leyden, where he died. He nub '
ZT^} -^""'"versial theological treatises, (1659-74,Mhe
best of which appeared without his name :-ApoloKia pro
Hick„r«n"'iv"/r''^"> Non-conformistis, L, 1 64 '
Hickman, William. Rheumatism, 1816, Svo.
n^q^r'?^*' I Laurens Perseus, D.D., b. Dec. 29.
1/98, at Danbury, Fairfield county. Conn., graduated a
?eld"p 'r' '■''."• "^™-^^'' ''' a preach^rLy the Fair-
fleld East Association, 1822 ; Professor of Theology in
Western Reserve College, Ohio, 1836-44; removed if tl e
atter year to the Auburn Theological Seminary, .and in
1802 aeeepted the Professorship of Mental and Moral
Science in with the Vice-Presidency of. Union College.
1. Rational Psychology, Auburn, 1848, 12mo. 2. Mo?al
logy, 1854, 12mo: see N. Amer. Rev., IxA. 265. 4 Ra
tional Cosmology ; or. The Eternal Principles and the Ne-
« ce..sary Laws of the Universe, 1868, 8vo. Dr. Hickock has
Tn^l^r'^f '"°"- r^"''""^" addresses, and contributed
a number of papers to the Bibliotheca Sacra, the Eiblica
Rep,«itory, and the Christian Spectator.
H c'.!"!""*^' T''."'"'*^-. Tbe Voyage and Trauails of
^^\^Lo":'^i^^::'' ^' «^^' '^««- ^rans. trom
l,"'"''""' J"''" Howard, b. at Albanv, New York
In Hi^ll T'l '"'"■^"-\"f "-e Now York State Librarj'
An Hi.st, 1 i„al Account of American Coinage, Albanv 1868
Th^' f^lu, ''; 'Tr- 2»» -pies printed ;*l » la'i'papc .'
Ihe student of American history will find this beautiful
volume of great service in his researches. Mr. Hiekox has
contributed papers to various periodicals.
In?."?V^ ""; ''• "^"' "^"^ **'• " """^'^ of J"icho,
nf pf;; r 'n '^1 "?"■■*' ^""'^ " preacher in the Society
,1k tf " '^".fT- ■^",""' '•''"''■' >'™'-^ °f l^i^ "if" he pro-
mulgated some theological opinions which led to a division
ot the sect of which ho was a minister. See-1. Journal
182s" 8 ' "f fJi*^'™^ ^■■'''°"^' l'''"'^- '• 2- His Sermons
in is4 sL ,^>f ""i"?"' ^''"'"'" ""'">" ''y Blias Hicks
jH.^^VEii^r^ickt^irii"'f^::;;'':n'^-
Serms. of Elias Hick's, by a Drmi- Quak°e'"l"26 ''8vo^
the f^l r'"'°?"ri" °f r ^1''^"^ '»™'='' by a meet ng of
the followers of Elias Hicks: being a statement of facts
1897 7, " ""^'■■/eParation from the Society of Friends
1827, 12mo ; 7. A View of the sentiments of Elias Hicks
respecting uture rewards and punishments, 1829, 12mo
8. The Bible Advocate; or, an answer to Elias Hieks's
2d''?d lS37'l' "'"-^^A by George Senneff, a mechanic
^d ed., 1837, 12mo ; 9. Elins Hicks and the Hicksite
Quakers : an art. by Rev. G. W. Buri.ap in Chris. E..am!
L:h ,1 . ^}"'' ^"^' P"b- bis opinions on a mat
::r^:nf^^ii:^r;;'^^\?ri"i'^^^'"^-'^-o''-
tar^,^^^.,':^,-o!\"9, l^i^if ="'• ^f ^'-^-'^ C— -
of^Von.e'ter v*""'?' *'^,'"'"^' 1566-1630, a native
of Woicestershire, educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford
Tet uT'mI'I f^""'°' r-'- ''' '^'^ -n. Thomks h! ks!
Hero'dtan. """' ^^^ '""''■ ''""' Thucydides and
to^**'v*'''''o"';-.°''-P'"""^''°'^ Publication relative
to the Vaccine-Pock Inoculation, Lon., 1803, 8vo
Wicks, Mrs. Rebecca, of Viririnin T ti,oT„j
Kille. Pbila, 2. The Milliii'c, and'tfo' Million^ , "^itl:
S cks' T a" M- /"'•;' »i^™"=es, Lon., 1767 12mo
h!^ ' M ^'"»l'e:;i Treatise, ^"''■' 1'03, Svo.
r., , n, ' T Hy'^'^'S, Thomas, d. 1634, Chaplain of
Christ Church, O.xford, son of Francis Hicks, („,„.f^°o°e
etb , , ^""/'.»' ™d 'be Notes and Illustration upon
tho' ''6;it4L "' '""' ''^ '"""^'^ '^-^- "f 'bat au-
.mnn"','!,'''' bis Kreat skill in the Oreek tonsue, he was esteemed
MSoJ,n "'""""'' " '-'""^ P""' ""'» ■-" e>'cellert limne™-
Lo'?*?^'; T'""T'^V ^- V!'" '^'"'^"'' ^PPe''! answered,
Lon., 16,4 bvo. 2. Three Dialogues between a Christian
Hicks, William. See Hiokes.
Hicks. See also Hickes.
Hide, Edward. See Hvde.
,b?*<j''^' ''"!"',»'"'' f ''""'•• ^ Con,,olatorie Epistle to
568,1 Svo."" "■'''' Catholickes, Lov., by Joh'n iyol,
H,w;;'°»' *''^-^- *^''""'''<' Confessorum, 4to.
llico%cr, Harry, (a uom deplume.) 1. Stable-Talk
HIG
812
n:^e"d':,'"i!;™'2Vo'i::f^o"'''^'^^ '"' '"""'' ^p"'--'
' than'^h'a7:'L'l';r;.t^ro'uX"?nl':.r;'Jre' tT" \ "- be Is more
:i?iv:n.^'^!^^;:f£SF^"?l^^^"io^
See also Bell's Life in Loudon; Lon. Times; Lon Exa
miner. ' .^lia-
uJt'Ju" P'"^^','""' 'be Stud; or, How to procure and
keep Horses, fp. 8vo.
"few books are so sure to save larce amounts of £ s rf (n )v„„
hIovV""' thrfr precepts as Th„ I'.k ""and the^liui*" f'b^, »
Uieover. —Lon. Quar. Rn:. March, 1S4Q
fp Sto""" ^'"'' *'"'" ^'''"'"'^''' Purposes and Practical Men,
of';£;;'^'S:-^j:'?^^S^^-^^eve i^r^. .™^
-S."i\,;;;S.T,t .^""^^"°'' '" beguiling an Uo^VL""]!:^^',
See also The Britannia, &.<•.
4. Hints to Horsemen, 1856.
S^''i'"lJ^}'I'^' "'e'"'er gives hints to horsemen, he does not
mean by that term riders exclusively, but owners, breeders bnvers
sellers, and admirers, of horses. To teach such men how to make
TJF- '5 '"'■"•"""' °° "lueless instruction to a lar™ clafs of
mankind The advice is frankly given, and, if no benefit itsulL
It will not be^for want of good counsel."-i;a. AlluZZi ^
bee also Lon. E.xpress, Ac.
Hieron, Samuel, 1672-1617, a native of Eppin..,
tt7^ !'.?"■?■ '^' '^'°S's College, Cambridge, was prl-
heb nnn " \™.f "f.^^I-'b-'y. Devonshire, which he
held until Ins death. He was zealously opposed to Ro-
naanism and considered a Puritan, but adhered rigidly to
he Church of England. He pub. serms., a poetical an-
6nL,°. " w ";"'• ^h"'"' ""'' ■'■"•"''1 'beolog. treatises,
1 !> : .Y"^"'' ""^' f°b Keprinted, with an addit
vol., edited by Robt. Hill, with a Life of the Author, mO,
2 vols. fol. Again, 1636, 2 vols. fol. '
" A good old writer.''— Brrfers(.«i's C S
nf'n'^r "'?",' *"?•"' 1"9-1'". a native of the county
rir f '"' r^ "'^' T'"*^ '" ^""''"° '° "53, and for the
rest of his life was a hack author. 1. The Ticklers ; a set
ot Periodical Papers pub. in Dublin about 1760 i The
?"Tbl'w-'f"'''/"''i:"'''''''' ^""P"' P"b- in London, '1763.
4 Tb» p' ,"'r w" *■:"? ^'°P'''; ••' Di-amatic Poem 1761.
vlt ? ''"^'"■""•''''- "^ '^■■••'g- f™™ tlje French of La
Harpe Lon., 1761,4to. 5. Dramatic Genius; an Essay
in 6 Books, 1770. 6. The Philosophic Whim, or Astro-
nomy; a Farce 1774 4,o. 7. The Heroine of the Cave;
a Trag 775, 8vo. See Biog. Dramat. ; Davies's Life of
Gamck 1. 247 ; Ireland's Life of Henderson, 61.
Safi!^e^ f'^'i' "'";"T:.-^- '^^"^"" ^''"^y O" 'be tenth
Satire of Juvenal, 1687, 4to. 2. The Wary Widow, or
Sir Noise Parrot; a Comedv. 1698 4 to
SO^nd^ql,"' 'l""",'"''' "'■ «'"P''' '"• 13C0,aged between
Cbe ?.. • Jl'^"''''"-' '°e "f St. Werberg's Monastery in
Chester, was the author of a Latin chronicle entitled
BrifonsTT^"- "■■• ""'" P"^ 'b-'^' P"--' '^bich relates to the
f;"'?°V 4 D? ".'"""S bis Quiudecem Scriptores, Ac,
Ti I -r ■ Po'ycbi-onicon was trans, into English by
John de Trevisa in 1387, and from this Caxton made a
version (adding an .Sth book, or continuation from 1387 to
1460 and printed it in 1482, fol. A copy was sold at
Deaths sale (Pt. 2, 143) for £103 19s. Rep i^ntld by Wyn
frfrv r4« 'm' "f "''''^ """ - Hy-"- ■" praise of IHs-
trjry, 1495 fol. Again, by Peter Treveris, 1527, fol The
Book'^coT" °' "'S"«°.'^ 'li"d^-l i"'o sev'en 'books
iiook 1 contains a description of countries in general and
especially of Britain; books ii.-vi. give us a Civd I r.
tory from the Creation to ,e.,p. Edwafd 11^ The Chester"
Mysteries exhibited in that city in 1328, have been as
cribed to Higden; but this has teen stoul'ly denied Se^
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. ; Dibdiii't Typ. Ant q
Eng Po'et B ""■'K '''"; ^P-™""""' ^^-'™'^ ^^^
Kild'io. i n »: '^,'■'""1 '^ Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Brit.
213 Sl^^'n . '^ xt' Y- ^'''- "'■ ^"^"P"' "'b ed., 1864, i.
m, 3t. n. Bp. Nicolson treats Higden with little resnect
and insists upon it that he stole his Polychronicorfrom
Roger Cestrensis's Polyeratica Temporum ; but it has been
charitably surmised that they both stole (or borrowed from
the same quarter. Their works are rather objects of cmU
osity than standards of an authoritative ch,araefer
the P ''^' •? P"b- " ''^'=™- *e., 1708, '11, a View of
fen ^"S; C^^Wufon, 1700, -09, '16, Ac, Svo, and a De-
bT ilkiab%y"ir' '"'• '™^ "^'''^ '"° bist were answered
1 w f V, ^?^^°"^' "'■' "■"'ber, by George Harbin : see p.
167 of this Dictionary. ^
Higford, William, 1580-1657. The Institution of a
Gentleman ; in three Parts, Lon., 1660, 12mo, (166S, 8vo 1)
bee Athcn. Oxou. ; Ceus. Litoruna, ed. 1816, vi. 323-329
HIG
" I can scarcely refer to any volume in my posppKsion of equal
curiosity with this ; as it is an original woik. and the earliest I
know in our laiifAUajie upon the character and amusements of an
English Gentleman. "—J. IIaslewood.
Higges, Joseph, Guide to Justices, Lon., 1736, '42,
'61, 12mo.
Higgeson. See Higginson, Fhancis.
Higgins, Bryan, M.D., Operator to the Society for
Philos. Experiments, Ac, pub. Philos. Essays concerning
Light, 1776, Svo, and treatises on chemical philosophy,
Ac, 1780-1802.
Higgiiis, Francis. Sevms., 1705, '06, '07.
Higgius, Godfrey, 1771-1833, of SlieUow Grange,
near Doncnster, a magistrate for the West Riding of Yorli-
shire, was the author of some political pamphlets, Ac. and
the following works :— 1. Hor» Snbbatica«. 2. The Celtic
Druids, 1827, 4to. See Lou. Gent. Mag., xcvii., ii. 151,
347. 3. IVIohammed; or, the Illustrious, 1820, Svo. This
was reviewed with much severity by Edward Upham,
author of The History of Buddhism. Mr. Upham says,
" I know it to be full of errors." (Gent. Mag., Jan. 1S30,
pp. 9-14.) Mr. Higgins noticed Upham's letter in the next
No. of the Magazine, and Mr. Upham continued the sub-
ject iu the No. for March. 4. An Anacalypsis; an attempt
to draw aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, or An Inquiry
into the Origin of Languages, Nations, and Religions,
1836, 2 vols. 4to. Pusth. Privately printed. This work
had been announced by Rev. Joseph Hunter, in his History
of South Yorkshire, before Mr. Higgins's death.
'■It occasionally happens that boolis written to display some
peculiarity of system — or, as the wicked say, crotchet — of the au-
thor turn out "to h.ave a value of their owu, from the very great
number of well-indexed and well-referenced facts which they con-
tain. We remember being much struck by seeing among the
books of reference in the Museum Keading-room the Anacalypsis
of Godfrey Higgins. Never was there more wildness of specula-
tion than in this attempt to lift the veil of Isis. But thousands
of statements, cited from all quarters, and very well indexed, ap-
parently brought the book into such demand as made it conve-
nient that it should be in the reading-room itself." — Lon. Atlie-
nceuniy Aug. 2, 1856. p. 953; Rnview of John Wilson's Lost Solar
Si/slein of the Ancients Discovered.
Higgins, Jesse, of Delaware. A Method of Drain-
ing Ponds iu Level Grounds ; Trans. Amer. Soc, vol. iii.
p. 325.
Higgins, or Higins, John, an English schoolmaster
and divine temp. Elizabeth, pub. the Flosculi of Terence,
Holcot's Dictionairc, and other school-books, some contro-
versial tracts, and, in 1687, 4to, the 4th ed. of The Mirror
for Magistrates, witli addits. of his own. The last-named
work has already come under our notice: see Baldwin,
William ; Blkner-Hasset, Thomas ; Dorset, Thomas
Sackville, Earl of and Lord Buukhlrst. Respecting
Higgins, see Athen. Oxon. ; Brydges's Phillips's Theat.
Poet. ; Cooper's Muses' Library, p. 142 j Warton's Hist, of
Eng. Poet.
Higgins, Tobias. Serm., Lon., 1641, Svo.
Higgins, W. Mullinger, Lect. on Exper. Philos. at
Guy's Hospital. 1. The Mosaic and Mineral Geologies
illustrated and compared, 1833, Svo. 2. Handbook of
Natural Philos., 1837, 18mo. 3. Philos. of Sound and
Hist, of Music, 1838, fp. Svo. 4. Experimental Philoso-
pher, 183S, lOmo and 12mo. 6. Handbook of the Steam
Engine, 1842, 18mo, 6. Treatise on Algebra, Svo, 7. Trea-
tise on Light and Optical Instruments, Svo. 8. Book of
Geology, 1842, fp. Svo. 9. Entertaining Philosopher, Lon.,
1S44, fp. Svo.
" A very comprehensive, useful, and instructive volume, in
which Mechanics, Pneumatics, Ueat, Optics, Klectricity, &c. are
clearly aud pleasantly explained." — Lon. Literary Gazette.
10. The Earth : its Physical Condition and Phenomena,
1847, '49, '65, 12mo and sq. 11. Researches in the Solar
System, 1852, 12mo. See Lon. Athena;um,1862,pp.403-404.
Higgins, Wm., Prof, of Chemistry and Mineralogy
at the Repository of the Dublin Society. Chemical trea-
tises. 1789-1817.
Higgins, Win. The American; a Nov., 1803, '04,
2 vols.
Higgons, Bevil, 1670-1736, younger son of Sir
Thomas IHggons, was educated at Oxford and Cambridge,
and subsequently entered the Middle Temple. He accom-
panied James II. into exile, and died in France. 1. The
Generous Conqueror; a Trag., 1702, 4to. 2. A Short 'View
of the English History, 1723, '33, Svo; H.ague, 1727, Svo.
3. Hist, aud Crit. Remarks on Bp. Burnet's Hist, of his
Own Times, 1726, '27, Svo. Nos. 2 and 3 were reprinted
in 1736, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Hist of the Life and Reign of
Mary, Queen of Scots, Dubl., 1763, Svo. Wood enume-
rates five poems by Higgons : see Athen. Oxon. ; Nichols's
Poems.
HIG
Higgons, Theophilus, d. 1650, a divine of the Ch.
of Eng., joined the Roman Catholic Cliurch, but subse-
quently returned to the Church of England. Thoolog.
treatises and serms., 1609-24. Sec Bliss's Wood's Athen.
O.xon.
Higgons, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1624-1691, a native
of Wcstbrugh, Shropshire, was educated at Oxford. Fu-
neral Oration on his first Lady, (tho Countess of Essex,)
1666.
" As this pamphlet is extremely rare, I conclude that the copies
of it were, for certain reasons, industriously collected and de-
stroyed : though few pieces of this kind have less deserved to
perish."— Kev. J. Grangeb-
Other publications. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.;
Nichols's Poems.
Higginson, Francis, d. 1630. aged 42, first minister
of Salem, Massachusetts, educated at Emanuel College,
Cambridge, was for some time minister of a church of Lei-
cester, England, but, becoming a Non-conformist, was ex-
cluded from his pulpit. He lived but about fourteen months
alter his arrival in America. New England's Plantation ;
or, a short and true Description of the Commodities and
Discommodities of the Country, Lon., 1630, 4to; 3d ed.,
with Letter of Mr, Graves, in same year. Mr. Higginson
left a MS. account of his voyage to America, which is pre-
served in Hutchinson's collection of papers. See Mag-
nalia; Collect. Mass. Hist. Soc., i. 117-124; vi. 231, 242-
244; ix. 23; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Higginson, Francis, d. 1670? aged 54, son of the
preceding, went to Europe, studied at Leyden, and becamo
settled as a minister at Kirby-Steven, Westmoreland, Eng-
lancL Ho wrote against the Quakers, and pub. also a
Latin theolog. treatise. See preceding article.
Higginson, John, 1616-1708, son of the first-named
Francis Higginson, was a native of England, and accom-
panied his father to America in 1629. He was pastor of
the church in S.alem (formerly under charge of his father)
from 1660 to 1708, and at the time of his death had been
seventy-two years in the ministerial office. He pub. a
number of serms., theolog, treatises, itc., 1663-1708, .and
a most eloquent attestation to Cotton Mather's Magnalia,
which is thus warmly commended by one of the most
learned students of American letters :
"John Higginson was one of the great men of New England,
and incomparably the best writer, native or foreign, who lived in
Ameri&a during the first hundred years of her colonization. That
portion of his attestation to the Magnalia which ti eats of the exodus
of the Puritans has not been surpassed in strength and grandeur
in all the orations ever delivered at Plymouth Rock, those of
Webster and Everett not excepted."— Dr. R. W. Griswold.
See Magnalia; Collect, Mass. Hist. Soc, vi, 243, 244,
269-294, 271, 272; Rich's Bil)l. Amer. Nova, i, 14.
Higgs, Griffin, or Griffith, 1689-1659, a native of
Oxfordshire, educated at St. John's College, Oxford, for
twelve years chaplain to the Queen of Bohemia, became
in 1638 Dean of Lichfield. 1. Problemata Theologica,
Leyden, 1630, 4to. 2. Miscellaneae Theses Theologicae,
1630. See Athen. Oxon.
Higgs, Joseph. Medical Essay, Lon., 1756, Svo.
Higham, John. Serms., Lon., 1662, '75.
Highley, Miss. Galatea; a Pastoral Romance.
Friini the French of Florian, Lon., 1804, Svo.
Highmore, Anthony, Solicitor-at-Law, pub. several
treatises on law, Public Charities of London, Ac. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; McCuUoeh's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 335.
Highmore, Joseph, 1692-1780, an eminent painter,
a native of London, was a writer of considerable merit.
1. Crit. Exam, of two Pictures by Rubens, Lon., 1754, 4to.
2. Prao. of Perspective, 17G3, 4to. 3. Observ. on DodwcU's
Christianity not founded on Argument, 1765. Anon. 4. Es-
says, Mor.al, Religious, and Miscellaneous, &c. See Lon.
Gent. Mag., vol. 1.
Highmore, Nathaniel, M.D., 1613-1684, a native
of Hampshire, educated at Trinity College, Oxford. 1. Cor-
poris Humani Disquisitio Anatomica, Hague, 1661, fol,
2. Hist, of Generation, Lon., 1651, Svo and 12mo. 3. E.x-
ercitationes dua; : I. De Passione Hysterica; II. De Hy-
pochondriaca Alfectione, Oxon., 1660, 12mo; Lon., 1670,
4to. This work was attacked by Dr. Willis, in reply to
whom Highmore pub. (4.) Epistola Responsoriaad T. Willis,
&c., 1670, 4to. 6. Medical Springs; Phil. Trans., 1670.
The cavity called the AiUrnin Hii/hmuriaintm in the supe-
rior maxilla takes its name from our author.
Highmore, Nathaniel, M.D., LL.D., Prof, of Law,
Cambridge. Jus Ecclesiasticum Anglicum ; or, the Govt,
of the Ch. of Eng. exemplified and illustrated, Lon., 1810,
4to. Dr. H. also pub. a few legal, political, and medical
tracts.
843
niL
HIL
Hilarius, a poet who flouripbcd about 1125, was the
nuthor of three scriptural dramas and several minor poems,
au account of which will be found in Wright's Bio;;. Brit.
Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 91-94. See also Duchesne's
ed. of the Works of Abehird ; Hilarii Versua et Ludi. Lu-
tctiae Parisiorum, 1838, 12mo, edited by M, Champollion-
Figeac.
Hilder, Thomas. Conjugal Counsel, Lon., 1653, 8vo.
Hildersham, Arthur, 1563-1631, a Puritan divine,
a native of Cambridgeshire, educated at Christ's College,
Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity Hall, 15S6, presented by tbe
Earl of Huntingdon in 1593 to the living of Ashby-de-la-
Zouch, in Leicestershire, which he retained until liis death.
Through his great-uncle, Cardinal Pole, Mr. Hildersham
was descended from the royal family of England ; but what
is more to the purpose is that he was a man of profound
learning, devoted piety, and unwearied zeal in the propa-
gation of religious truth. 1. CVIIL Lects. upon the IV.
of St. John, Lon.. 1629, fol. j 2d ed., much enlarged, 1632,
foL; 1647, fol.; 1656, fol.
"insfover the author to be a sound divine, an admirable text-
uary, a profoundly-experienced Christian, and an excellent teacher.
These discourses are more concise and finished than those on the
fifty-first Psalm."— />/-. E. Williavis'ii C. P.
" Very spiritual, full, and evant;elieal."' — BidcersteilC r C. S.
2. Lects. upon Psalm x.\.\iv., 1632, fol. 3. Serms., 1633,
4to. 4. CLIL Lects. upon Psalm li., 1635, fol.j 1642, fol.;
(1644, fol.?}
'• A rich mine of practical divinity." — Dr. E. Williams.
5. Paraphrase upon the Canticles of Solomon, 1672, Svo.
Posth. Extracted from the author's MS. Paraphrase of
the whole Bible. 6. Treatise on the Lord's Supper.
7. Treatise of the Ministry of the Ch. of Eng., with on
Answer to it by Fr. Johnson, 4to. See Gondby's Memoirs
of Uildersham, Bingham, 1819, 8vo ; Clark's Lives ; Neal's
Puritans; Nichols's Leicestershire. Dr. Williams valued
Hildersham's Expositions of Psalm li. and St. John iv. so
highly that he dechires "he cannot be sufficiently com-
mended," and thinks it ample praise of Samuel Shaw to
admit that
"He seems to have caught the mantle of >rr. Arthur Hilder-
sham, who had resided before him at the same place, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch." — Christian Preac/ier.
" A gre.at and shiiiin-; Ij^ht of the Puritan party, and celebrated
for his siii;:;ular learninj; and pietv." — Eohard.
Hildesley, Mark, D.D., "1698-1772, educated at, and
Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb, ; Vicar of Hitchin, Hertford-
shire, 1731: Rector of Holwell, Bedford, 1735; Bishop of
Sodor and Man, 1755. He was also Master of Sherburn
Hospital, and Preb. of Lincoln. Bishop Hildesley was
descended from the royal family of England in the same
lino with Rev. Arthur Hildersham, and, like him, was noted
for his piety and zeal. It was under his auspices that the
translation of the Holy Scriptures into the Manks lan-
guage, begun by his predecessor, Bishop Wilson, was car-
ried to completion. He also pub. the Bonk of Common
Prayer and other works in the same language. As an
author, he gave nothing to the wurld, save a small tract,
pub. anonymnusly, entitled Plain Instructions for Young
Persons in tlie Principles of the Christian Religion, in
two Parts, 1762-67. See the Memoirs of Bishop Hildes-
ley, by Rev. Weeilen Butler, Sr., 1799, Svo.
Hildeyard, John. Funeral Serm.. Lon., 1683. 4to.
UiLditch, Aiiu* Rosa de Mont Morien ; a Nov.,
17s'.i. 2 vuls.
Ilildreth, £ze1del, 1785-1856, b. in Westford. Mass.,
grad. at Harvard Coll. 1814, and was a teacher in Ohio
for 42 years. Authur i)f (1) Logopolis; or, City (if Words.
2. Key to Knowledge. 3. Essay on the Mortality of the
Soul. 4. Address on Eilucation, &c.
Ilildreth, Ilosea, 1782-1835, a native of Chelms-
ford, Mii.'-s.. graduated at Harvard College, 1803, was for
some time Professor of Mathematics at Phillips Academy,
Exeter, and for eight years pastor of the First Church in
Gloucester, Mass. He pub. several serms.. «tc.
Ilildreth, Kichard, b. June 23, 1807, at Deerfield,
Massachusetts, son of the preceding, graduated at Harvard
College in 1826, was admitted to the Suflfolk county (Boston)
Bar in 1830, and commenced the practice of the law in
Newburyport, in his native State. From July, 1832, to
October, 1834, Mr. Hildreth was co-editor of the Boston
Atlas, a daily newspaper, (of which he was also a joint
founder,) and agaiu co-editor and Washington corre-
spondent. May, 1S36, to November, 1839. From October,
1834, to March, 1836, he resided in Florida, with a view
to the improvement of his health, and, with the same ob-
ject, resided from September, 1S46, to Septembor, 1847, in
Demarara. During his abode in the latter place he edited
Buccessively The Ciuiana Chronicle and The Royal Gazette,
(tri-weekly papers devoted to the support of the policy of
the British Government in the abolition of slavery,) and
edi"t«d, with an historical introduction, a compilation of
the colonial laws of British Guiana. In addition to the
works about to be noticed, — no inconsiderable evidence
of great literary activity. — Mr. Hildreth has given to the
world a number of pamphlets and miscellaneous articles
in magazines and reviews, and edited several educational
manuals and daily journals. He devotes his leisure mo-
ments to a continuation of his principal work, — the History
of the United States, — which he designs to bring down (in
two or more vols.) to the end of the administration of
President Pierce.
1. The Slave ; or, Memoir of Archy Moore, 1836, 2 vols.
I2mo, New ed., with a continuation, under the title of
The White Slave; or. Memoirs of a Fugitive, 1852, 12mo.
2. Banks, Banking, and Paper Currencies, 1837, 12mo;
enlarged ed., 1840, 12mo.
"A feeble apolo'^y for the worst parts of the American banking
system."— JA.C««oc/i' A- Lit. of Polif. Econ.. 1S7.
3. Life of General Wm. Henry Harrison, 1839, 18rao.
As editor of the Boston Atlas, Mr. H. contributed largely
to the nomination of General Harrison for the Presidency
of the XJ. States. 4. Beutham's Theory of Legislation ;
from the French of Dumont, 1840, 2 vols. 16mo. 5. Des-
potism in America: an Inquiry into the Nature, Results,
and Legal Basis of the Slave-holding System of the
United States, 1840; enlarged ed., 1854. 'We give the
title of the last ed. This work is to be followed by a
sequel : see Lon. Athenaeum, 1854, p. 1089. 6. Theory of
Morals, 1844. 12mo. 7. Hist, of the United States of
America: I. From the Discovery of tbe Continent to tbe Or-
ganization of Gi>vernnient under the Federal Constitution,
1497-1787. 3 vols. Svo, 1849. Revised ed., 1854, 3 vols.
Svo. II. From the Adoption of the Federal Constitution
to the end of the 16th Congress, 178S-1821, 3 vols. Svo,
1852. Revised ed., 1855, 3 vols. Svo.
In the advertisement prefixed to the first vol. of his
history, Mr, Hildreth gives his reader to understand that
he may expect to find a plain story told in a plain way :
"Of rentennial sermons and Fourth-of-July orations, whether
professedly such or in the guise of history, there are more than
euout,^h. It is due to our fathers and ourselves, it is due to truth
and philosophy, to present for once, on the historic stage, the
foundersof our American nation unbedaubed with patriotic rouge,
wrapped up in no fine-spun clo.iks of excuses and apology, without
stilts, husking, tinsel, or hedizenment, in their own proper pei^
sons, often rude, hard, narrow, superstitious, and mistaken, but
always earnest, downright, mauly, and sincere. The result of
their laljours is eulogy enough ; their best apology is to tell their
story exactly as it was."
" If a plain and well-written narrative of public events, mostly
in the ovderof their occurrence, without any attempt to generalize
them, or to deduce from tbeiu broader lessons of experience, is all
that constitutes a good history, then Mr. llildreths work deserves
its name, and has fair claims to respectful notice. It is easy to
see. however, that this is not all, and that history written on such
a plan must needs be imperfect and unsatisfactory. . . . Nothing
cau be more cold and naked than his recital of any facts which are
honourable to the memory of the first settlers of New England;
if they do not occupy a very prominent place on the common
record he forgets to mention them at all. When they are forced
upon his notice he dismisses them as rapidly as possible. Ue has
not a word of praise for their conscientiousness, their heroism, or
their self-denial; though the fii-st alone caused them to emigrate,
so that it was the semiiial principle of the New Kiigland colonies,
while the second and third sust-;iined their settlements through
mauy years of danger and privation." — Fkancis Bowen : iV. Amcr.
i?ei'., IxxJii. 411—147 ; review of vols, i.-iv.
"The author's style is bald and meagre in the extreme; and
never once does he rise into any thing like fervour or exhibit the
slightest capability of the graphic and picturesque. But the story
is conscientiously — and. as far as details go, thoroughly — told. . . .
The spirit in which the story is told is also remarkably fair. Tho
Puritans — • often rude, bard, narrow, superstitious, and mistaken,'
as 51r. Ilildreth thinks them, * but always earnest, downright,
mauly, and sincere' — are treated with evident respect and liking;
and only now and then, when in duty bound as a modern and an
American. — as for example, in behalf of representative freedom,
religious toleration, and such matters,— does the author put in
any protest of his own." — Lon. At/ieneeunif 1850, pp. 13-15 ; review
of vols, i.-iii.
Vols. iv. and v. are reviewed in the same periodical for
Nov. 15, 1851, pp. 1191-1193; and vol. vi. in the No. for
May 7, 1853. The reviewer, referring to the probability
of Mr. Hildreth's continuation of his History, trusts that
he will attend to the hints which he has given him, and
dismisses the subject with the assurance that
" It would be agreeable to have occasion to spe.^k more favour-
ably than WB have been able conscientiously to do of the writings
of a man of such industry and talent as Mr. Hildreth undoubt-
edly possesses." — p. 651, uhi supra.
"In this instance we encounter the muse of American history
descended from her stump, and recounting her narrative in a k«y
adapted to our own ears. For the first time, we believe, we have
here the story uf the founders of our New Duglaud colonies ro
Hit
HIL
cordeil in an ample and explicit manner, with a consistent care to
exclude tiTors and exaggerations. . . , Animated by this spirit,
Mr. Ilildreth has availed himRelf, though hardly to the utmost,
of his peculiar resources."— T/ie Fathers of New England: Edin.
licv., Oct. 1S55.
** We are confident that, when the merits of this history come to
be known and appn-i-iated, it will be extensively regarded as de-
cidedly superior to any thing that before existed on American
history, and as a valuable contribution to American authorship."
• — Bibliotlteca S'lcra.
'• Ills wiirk tills a want, and is therefore most welcome. Its
positive uu'iits, in addition to those wo have before mentioned,
are impurliality, steadiness of view, clear appreciation of character,
and, in point of style, a terseness and conciseness not unlike
Tacitus; with not a little, too. of Tacitean vigour of tbou'^ht,
stern sense of justice, sharp irony, and profound wisdom." —
Mdhodist Quar. Rev.
"Mr. Ilildroth is ahold and copious writei-. Ilis work is valuable
for the iimuense amount of material it embodies." — Dc Bow's Be-
vieru of the Southern States.
"The spfcial merit of his work consists in the absence of what-
ever can possibly he deemed either irrelevant or ostentatious." —
U. T. TucKERMAN : Sl.ftch of Anier. Lit.
See also Lon. Literary Gazette; Lon. Atlas; Christian
Register; N. York Church Review; N. York Home Jour-
nal; Oakley's ed. of Kent's Course of ED{z;lish Reading;
Living Age, sxiii. 3Go-3tJ6 ; sxix. 111-115; xxxi. 134—
136; Revue des Deux Mumles, April 1, ISiitJ; E<:lin. Rev.,
Oct. 1855. 8. Theory of Politics; an Inquiry into the
Foundation of Governments and the Cause and Progress
of Political Revolutions, 1853, 12mo.
" In this new work we notice the same calm and equal march
of reason as in the History of America. Mr. Ilildreth is never
startling, never brilliant. His thou'j:ht is like his style; solid,
level, monotonous. It neither warms by its vividness nor startles
by its boldness. It is pre-eminently respectable. As to ideas,
there is little in this volume that can be called new. Mr. Hildreth
is a republican, with a tendency, the full strength of which he
unconsciously disguises from himself, towards Socialism." — Lon.
Athenaum, 1S53, p. 1C54.
9. Japan as it Was and Is, 1855, 12mo.
"Mr. Ilildreth has, with diligence and spirit, given a digested
history of the empire. — so far as is made known by different tra-
vellers and many native works. — and a very careful sketch of all
the leading Europtan works on Japan to the present time. His
book is a valuable compendium of the knowledge the European
world had nf the countiy before Captain Perry's expedition, and
he has investigated with great care some of the most curious ques-
tions of its history, literature, and manners." — J\\ Amer. Jiev., Jidy^
1856: Art. on The American Ei-peditioa to Japan, q. v.
And see Hawks, Fkancis Lister, D.D., LL.I)., No. 9,
in this Dictionary.
"Mr. Hildreth's is a compilation, somewhat roughly executed,
from the successive accounts of Japan by European and American
writers. It is scarcely in any sense original, nor is it very sy.s-
tematic; but it may find acceptance as a manual of information
on a subject of rising influence to both worlds. . . . Mr. Hildreth's
historical sketch, though always readable, is disconnected and
iacompleto." — Lon. Atht7i(eum, 1856, pp. 835-836.
10. Atrocious Judges : Lives of Judges Infamous as Tools
of Tyrants and Instruments of Oppression, 1856, 12mo.
This is a selection from Lord Campbell's Lives of the
Chief-Justices and Livesof the Chancellors, with an Appen.
We hope at no distant day to welcome the remaining
volumes of Mr. Hildreth's History of the United States;
for, whatever faults the critic may di.scover in the histo-
rian's 8ti/le, of the value of his elaborate array of farts
there can be no question. If, as alleged, the faithful
chronicler lack that philosophical insight which is requi-
site to give their proper value to the fruits of laborious
researches, yet he has undoubtedly facilitated the execu-
tion of the duties of those who succeed him : — for, if
^* Felix, qui potnit rerum coffuoHccre causae" be a true
saying, it is as little to be denied that ^' Jierum ipaarum
cogniiio rera, e rebus ipsus est,"
Hildreth, Samuel Prescott, M.D., b. Sept. 30,
1783, at Methucn, Mass., settled in Ohio, 1806. His most
important works are — 1. Pioneer Hist, of the Ohio Valley,
Cin., 1848, pp. 525. 2. Riographical and Historical Me-
moirs of the early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, Ac, 1S52,
8vo, pp. 539. For upwards of forty years Dr. Hildreth
has been a constant contributor to various scientific and
medicnl journals throughout the United States.
Hildreth, W. The Niliad ; an Epic Poem in honour
of Nelson's Victory, 1st of August, 1798.
Hildrop, John, D.D., d. 1756, aged 31, Rector of
Wath, near Rippon, Yorkshire, pub. a number of serras.,
theolog. treatises, &c., 1711-52. His Miscellaneous Works
appeared in 1754, 2 vols. 12rao. The style of some of his
pieces so strongly resembles Swift that they were ascribed
to the latter.
"The reader may derive much pleasure and information from
the perusal of this author's Free Thoughts upon the Brute Crea-
tion."—Kev. H. .1. Todd.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1834, Pt. 2, 111.
Hildyard, Francis, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-
at-Law. 1. Treatise on the Principles of the Law of Ma-
rine Insurances, Lon., 1845, 8vo; Ifarrisburg, 1847, 8vo.
" The stylH is clear, correct, and concise, and the law is brought
down to the present day with remarkable accuracy and fulness."
— Penna. Law Jour.
2. Eighth ed. of J. A. Park's System of Marino Insu-
rance, with addits., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
Hildyard, Rev. Win. Manual of Ancient Geo-
graphy. 3d ed., 1846, fp. Svo.
Hiley, Richard, has pub. a number of useful edu-
cational works, 1846-54, &c. See Lon. Educat. Times.
Hill. Nundinaj Sturbrigiensis, anno 1702, Lon., 1709,
Svo.
Hill, a clergyman who exchanged the Ch. of Eng. for
that of Knme, wrote two theolog. treatises, pub. 1(500-77.
Hill, Miss. Novels, Lon., 1809-13.
Hill, Aaron, 16S5-1750, an Engli.'^h poet, dramatist,
and miscelhineous writer, a native of London, is better
known to the present age from his quarrels with Pope
than by his literary compositions. Among other works,
he pub. — 1. A History of the Ottoman Empire, 1709, foU
2. Elfrid ; a Trag., 1700. 3. Camillus; a Poem, 1709.
4. 5. Essays on Beech Oil, 1714-15, Svo. 6. Essays on
Coals and Grape-Wines, 171S, Svo. 7. King Henry the
Fifth ; aTrag., 1723, Svo. 8, The Northern Star; a Puem,
1725. Svo. 9. Advice to the Poets, 1731, 4to. 10. The
Impartial; a Poem. 11. The Progress of Wit; a Caveat
for the use of an Eminent Writer, (a satire upon Pope,
who had introduced Hill, rather in a complimentary man-
ner, in the Dunciad.) 12. Merope ; a Trag. from Voltaire,
with alterations, 1749, Svo. His Miscellaneous Works —
a collection of his best pieces — were pub. in 1753, 4 vols.
Svo; and his Dramatic Works, (seventeen in all.) with his
Life, appeared in 1759, 2 vols. Svo. See Biog. Brit., Supp.,
vol. vii. ; Biog. Dramat. ; Cibber's Lives; Johnson's and
Pope's Works; Havies's Life of Garrick; Richardson's
Corresp. ; Ruflfhead's Life of Pope ; Disraeli's Quarrels of
Authors.
We should not omit to state that our poet was — as the
title of some of his works indicate — a dabbler in political
economy and an extensive projector, and, like many
other projectors of ancient times and our own days, dis-
played mure enterprise than judgment.
The acuteness of his critical abilities may be estimated
from his verdict on Pope's poetry. He gravely assures us
that the popularity of the author of the Rape of the Lock
" Arose from meditated little personal assiduities, and a certain
hladdery swell of management."
And he then gives utterance to this sagacious vaticina-
tion :
" But rest his memory in peace I It will very rarely he disturbed
hy that time he himself is in ashes." — Letter to Richardson, in
Richardson's Chrrespondence.
But posterity have ventured to differ with Mr. Hill.
Pope certainly was not wont to display much of a spirit
of meekness in his literary controversies ; but iu hi.s mis-
understanding with Hill the latter appears the least
amiable. His general character, however, was exemplary,
and his manners mild and conciliating; but it is danger-
ous to tempt the amour-jiropre of an author, however his
euaviter in modo may prevail in the family circle and
social reunion.
Pope's poetical offence was comprised in the following
lines from the Dunciad, and they have been truly consi-
dered quite as complimentary as the reverse. Our author
is introduced as one of the competitors for the prize of
Dulness :
"Then Hill essay'd: scarce vanished out of sight,
He buoys up inst:int, and returns to light;
He bears no token of the saMe streams,
And mounts far off, among the swans of Thames."
The satire here is indeed very slight; but, slight as it
was, it was sufficient to disturb the equanimity of Master
Hill.
Hill, Abraham, ir..''>2-1721, a learned man, a mem-
ber of the Board of Trade, and Fellow and Treasurer of
the Royal Society. Familiar Letters which pHs:?ed be-
tween him and several eminent and ingenious persons of
the last century. Lon., 1767, Svo. See his Life prefixed
to the Familiar Letters.
Hill, Adam, D.D. Serms., Ac, Lon., 1588, '92, '93.
Hill, Alexander. The Practice in the several Judi-
catories of the Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1830, 12mo.
Hill, Mrs. Anne, formerly of Baltimore, but more
recently connected with the School of Design at Phila-
delphia, perished in the conflagration of the steamboat
Henry Clay on the Hudson River, July 28, 1852. 1. Draw-
ing-Book of Flowers and Fruit, with col'd lUutetratious,
tii5
HIL
Phila., 4to. 2. Pntgressive Lessons in the Painting of
Flowers and Fruit : a series of six sheets.
Hill, Anthony. Serins., 17U2, both 4to.
Hill, Arthur. See Hall.
Hill, Brian, <l. 1S31, aged 75, Chaplain to the Earl
of Leven and Melville, was brother of the celebrated
Rowland Hill, (vide post.) 1. Semi., Lon., 1780, 8vo.
2. Henry and Acasto; a Moral Poetionl Talo, 1786, 12mo;
4th ed., 1798, Svo. 3. Journey through Sicily and Calabria
inl79I,8vo; 1792. 4. Funl.'Serm., 1803. tSvo. 5. XXIV.
Serms., Shrewsb., 1822, Svo. 6. Serm., Lon., 1826. See
Lnn. Gent. Mag.. Aug. 1831.
Hill, Major X), H., Professor of Mathematics in
Davidson College, North Caruliua. 1- Algebra, Pfaila.,
12mo. 2. A Consideration of tho Sermon on the Mount,
1858, 12mo.
Hill, Daniel, M.D. 1. U?e of Oxygen in Diseases.
Ac, Lun., 1800, 4to. 2. O.xygen, Ac; Trans. Hortic. Soc.,
1815.
Hill, Elizabeth. Sequel to the Poetical Monitor,
Lon., ]sn. 12mo.
Hill, Frederick. 1. National Education: its Pre-
sent State and Prospects, both at Home and Abroad,
Lon.. 2 vols. 12mu.
"These volumes merit the attention of .ill who feel an intc-rest
in the subject. Mr. Hill discusses the principles of a nutioual
pystom with ability." — Lon. Athen.
2. Crime: its Amount, Causes, and Remedies, 1853,
Svo.
Hill, G. D., Assistant Curate of Hanover Chapel,
Regent Street, London. 1. Practical Sernis., Lon., 1844,
12mo. 2. Sernis. on tho Ten Connnandments, 1845, 12uio.
3. Scenes in 1792 ; a Tale of the Revolution, 1848, fp. Svo.
4. Shnrt Senns. on the Lord's Prayer, 1854, 12mo.
Hill, George, D.D.. 1750-1819. a divine of the Kirk
of Scotland, and Principal of St. Mnry's College, St. An-
drews, was a native of that city. He succeeded Dr. Ro-
bertson as the leader of the General Assembly, and
"He was long one of the chief ornaments of the Church of
Scotland, and was distinguished for his manly and impressive
eloquence, both in the pulpit and the general assembly."' — Annual
Bioyraphi/, vol. v., Lon., 1S21, q. v.
And see Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Diet, of Emi-
nent Scotsmen; Lord Coekburn's Memorials of his Time,
1856; Geo. Cook's Life of Dr. Hill. He pub. a number
of occasional serms., and the following vuls. : — 1. Serms.,
Lon., 1796. 8vo. 2. Theological Institutes. Edin., 1803,
Svo. Reviewed in British Critic, vul. xxiii. 3. Lects.
upon Portions of the Old Test.. Lon., 1812, 8vo. 4. A
View of The Constitution of the Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1817,
Svo. 5. The Pastoral Office. 6. Lects. in Divinity, 1821, '
3 vols. 8vo; 5th ed., 1849, Svo.
"Professor Hill's lectures are admirable, and have been admitted
to the first place among our systematic expositions of revealed
truth." — Congreij. Mag.
"These lectures embrace the evidences, doctrines, duties, and
institutions of Christianity. They are drawn up with great ciie
and ability. . . . The author's tenets were in acrordance with the
Westminster Confession of Faith."— Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Dr. Hill of St. Andrews had the faculty beyond most men of
comprehensive and luminous arrangement. We shall have oci-a-
siou at a posterior stage of our cour.=e to avail ourselves of the
important service which he has rendeied to theology. ... I am not
sure if I can recommend a more complete manual of divinity than
the one I have now adverted to. ... I know of no treatise which
piofesses to exhibit the whole range of theological doctiiue, and
Uocs it in more of a hicidus crdo than the one that we have fixed
upon." — Br. Chalmers; Posth. Wwrhs, -voi. \x. p. xviii., 125; Pre-
lections on HiU's Lectures.
Hill, George, an American poet. b. 1796, at Guil-
ford, Conn., graduated at Yale Collo,£re in 1816, and, after
a term of public service under the United States Govern-
ment, entered tho navy in 1S27 as a teacher of mathe-
matics. He was subsequently Librarian of the Depart-
ment of State at Washington, and United States Consul
fur the southern portion of Asia Minor. He is now at-
tached to one of the Bureaus of the Department of State
at Washiuy.tun. Mr. Hill pub. anonymously, in 1834, Tho
Ruins of Athens, with other Poems; and a second edit.,
entitled The Ruins of Athens, Titania's Banquet, a Masque,
and other Poems, appeared in 1839, Svo, with the author's
name. See Everest's Poets of Connecticut,' Griswold's
Poets and Poetry of America.
Hill, George Canning, b. 1825, in Norwich, Conn,
The Kcw American Biographical Scries for Youth ; contain-
ing the Lives of Capt. John Smith, Gen. Israel Putnam,
Bene'Hct Arnold, Daniel Boone, Ac, Boston, 1858, 4 vols.
IGmo.
Hill, George Nesse. Medical treatises, 1800-14.
Hill, Henry? D.D. Dialogue concerning a Pamphlet
&46
HIL
cntit. The Growth of Deism in England, Lon., 1G96, 4to.
"HiU, Henry. L, YI., XL, and XIL Books of Euclid,
l726-:-;i'. 4to.
Hill, Henry David, D.D., Prof, of Greek in the
Univ. of St. Andrew's. 1. Essays on the Private Manners
and Domestic Int^titutions of the Romans, 12mo. 2. Es-
says on the Institutions, Government, and Manners of the
States of Ancient Greece, 12mo. Reviewed in Lon. Quar.
Kev., xxii. 163-203.
Hill, Ira, an American writer. Abstract of a New
Theory of a Formation of the Earth, Bait., 1823, 12mo.
** Absurd as it is on some accounts, however, it is on others an
essay of singular merit." — Ameriain Writers, Ho. 4i: Blackivoocrt
Mag., xvii. 57 : aod see vol. xvi. 4iiU.
Hill, James. Medical treatises. 1772-76.
Hill, James, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
A Practical Treatise on the Law lelating to Trustees,
Lon., 1845, r. 8vo. Amer. ed., with American Notes and
References by Francis J. Troubat, of tlie Phila. Bar, Phila.,
1846, Svo; 2d Amer. ed., with ad<lit. notes, referring to
American Cases, by Henry Wharton, of the Phila. Bar,
1854, 8vo. This excellent work furnished the basis of
various parts of Mr. Spencer's unfinished work on Equity
Jurisprudence.
"On examination of the sheets, it appears that the work has
been enlarged l)y nearly one-half in bulk by the new matter of
this edition; and that the talile of cases shows an addition of
more than three thousand decisions in Enirland and the United
States. The authorities, we believe, have been brought down lo
the latest moment." — Amtr. Law lirgister, Dec, 1853.
Hill, John, Rector of St. Mabyn, Cornwall. Four
occas. serms.. 1610, '14, '80, '^3.
Hill, John. 1. The Exact Dealer, for all Trades,
Lon., 1698, 1702, 12mo. 2. Arithmetic, 1716, Svo. By
Hatton, 1733. Svo.
Hill, John, 1711-1746, an Independent minister of
London, a native of Ilitchin. Serms. on several occasions,
Lon., 1749, "04, '95, 1817, Svo. Nino or more eds. have
appeared. The five serms. on 2 Kings iv. 26, entitled
Faith's Estimate of Afflictive Dispensations, have been
pub. separately (" It is well," &c.) by the London Reli-
gious Tract Society, 1S53, 32mo. Hill's discourses are
highly valued.
"Some admirable sermons, especially on aflfliction." — Bicho'-
stith's C. S.
Hill, Sir John, M.D., 1716-1775, originally an apo-
thecary, tho son of Kev. Theophilus Hill, of Peterborough
or Spaldiug, resided in Loudon, and wrote many books on
medicine, botany, natural philosophy, natural history, and
a number of dramas, novels, &c. A detailed account of
these many publications would be of but small interest to
the modern reader, who knows but little of Sir John save
his name, and this principally through his quarrels with
the Royal Society, and with Garrick. He was a man of
remarkable versatility of talent, but his moral character
cannot be commended. Among his publications are —
1. Orpheus; an Opera, 1740. 2. Theophrastus's Hist, of
Stones J from the Greek, with Notes, 1746, '74, Svo. 3. A
Dissert, on Royal Societies. 4. Review of the Works of
the Royal Society of London, Lon., 1751, Svo, 4to :
"In which, by the most unfair quotations, mutilations, and
misrepresentations, numbers of the papers read in that illustrious
assembly, and published under the title of the Philosophical
Transactions, are endeavoured to be rendered ridicxUous." — Life
qf Hill: Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
5. Essaj's on Natural History and Philosophy, 1752,
Svo. Considered the best of his writings. 6. A General
Natural History, 1748-52, 3 vols. fol. 7. Urania; or, a
Complcto View of the Heavens. 1754, Sv.o. 8. The Critical
Minute; a Farce, 1754. 9. Tho Route; a Farce, 1754.
10. Tho Gardener's Now Kaleudar, 1757, '5S, Svo. 11.
Eden ; or, a Complete Body of Gardening, 1757, fol.
12. The Sleep of Plants, 1757,''62, 12mo. 13. Naval Hist,
of Great Britain, compiled from the papers of the late
Capt. Geo. Berkeley, 1757, fol. 14. British Herbal, 1758,
fol. 15. Construction of Nerves, 1758, Svo. 16. An Idea
of a Botanical Garden in England, 1758, Svo. 17. Exotic
Botany, 1759, fol. IS. The Vegetable System, 1759-76,
26 vols. fol. Contains 1600 engravings. Pub. at 3S
guineas, plain ; 160 guineas, coloured. Pub. under the
patronage of the Earl of Bute. Hill presented a copy lo
the King of Sweden, who invested him with the order of
the Polar Star, or Vasa. Henceforth he assumed the title
of Sir John. 19. Flora Britanniea, 1760, Svo. 20. Family
Practice of Physic, 1769, Svo. 21. Hist, of Mr. Lovell;
a Novel. This is a pretended autobiography. 22. Ad-
I ventures of a Creole. 23. The Life of Lady Frail ; a Novel.
I He was also joint-editor (with George Lewis Scott) of a
; Supplement to Chambers's Dictionary, and was connected
HIL
with the British Magazine, The Inspector, Ac. See Short
Account of the Life, Writings, and Character of the late
Sir John Hill, Edin., 1779, 8vo ; Biog. Dramat. ; Gent.
Mag- Davies'sLifeof Garrick; Dilly'.s Repository ; Dis-
raeli's Quarrels of .Authors; Boswell's Life of Johnson; i
Chalmers's Biog. Diet. ; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. |
'■ As to his literary character, and the rank of merit in which
his writiDL's ought to stand. Hill's Rreatest enemies could not
ijenv that he was master of considerable abilities and an amazing
quickness of parts. ... A large volume might be written on the
life and adventures of this extraordinary man, as affording a com-
nlete history of literary quackery, every branch of which he pur-
sued with a greater contempt for character th;in perhaps any man
in our time."— ii/e "f IKU. in Chalmers's Bmq Diet.
"Dr Hill was a very curious observer; and. If he would nave
been contented to tell the world no more than he knew, he might
have been a very considerable man, and needed not to have re-
course to such mean expedients to raise his reputation. — DK.
Jouxson: O<ni'cisu(io» with Gturgr. III.: see Boswell.
Hill, Hon. Lady John, wife of Sir John Hill. Her
Address to the Public, setting forth the Consequences of
the late Sir John Hill's Acquaintance with the Earl of
Bute, Lon., 178S, 4to.
Hill, John. Lects. and Reflections on Divinity, Law,
Philus , A'c, and a Poem, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Hill, John, M.D., d. 1807, aged 47. Tho Means of
Reforming the Morals of the Poor by Preventing Poverty,
1801, 8vo. , „ .
Hill, John, LL.D., Prof, of the Humanities in the Univ.
of Edin. 1. Synonymes of the Latin L.anguage, Ac,
Edin., 1804, 4to.
"An elaborate work."— Tttlek.
•*The variety of curious and important information which this
contains must render it a valuable acquisition to every lover of
ancient learning."— i/07i. Lita-ary Journal.
2. Vocabulary, 1804, 12mo. An Introduction to the
Study of Latin Synonymes. 3. Life of Hugh Blair, 1807,
8vo. 4. Hist, and phil. con. to Trans. Edin. Soc, 1788, '94.
Hill, John. 1. Reflections rel. to the Proceedings,
i'c. respecting R. Catholics, 1807, 8vo. 2. High Prices of
Gold Bullion, ISIO, 8vo.
Hill, Joseph, 1625-1707, minister of the English
church at Jliddleburg, in Zealand, and subsequently pastor
of the English church at R'otterdam. 1. Defence of the
Zealander's Choice. 2. An ed. of Schrcvelius's Lexicon,
1676. Often reprinted. He added 8000 words and cor-
rected many errors. 3. On the Antiq. of Temples, 1696, 4to.
Hill, N. Serms., 177.S, '79, '95.
Hill, Nathaniel. The Ancient Poem of Guillaume
de Guileville, entitled Le Pelerinage de I'Hommc, compared
with the Pilgrim's Progress of John Bunyan. Edited from
Notes collected by the late Mr. Nathaniel Hill, of the Roy.
Soc. of Lit., Lon., 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt, 2, 261.
Hill, Nicholas. Philosophia Epicurea Democratiana
Theophrastica, Par., 1601, 8vo; Gen., 1619, 12mo; CoL All.,
1619, 8vo.
Hill, Nicholas, Jr. New York Reports, 1841-44,
Albany and N. York, 1842-45, 7 vols. 8to. Continuation
of Johnson, Cowen, and Wendell.
Hill, Noah, 1739-1815, Pastor of the Mccting-House,
Old Gravel Lane, London, (Independent,) for thirty-seven
years from 1771. Serms., with a Pref, and a Serm. on his
Death, by J. Hooper, Lon., 1822, 8vo. Commended by
Lon. Congreg. Mag.
Hill, Oliver. 1. Fifth Essay against the Circ. of the
Bhiiid, Lon., 1700, 8vo. 2. A Rod for the Back of Fools,
1702, 8vo.
Hill. Rev. Pascoe Grenfell, Chaplain of H. M. S.
Cleopatra. 1. Voyage to the Slave Coast of Africa, Lon.,
1849, 12mo. 2. Fifty Days on Board a Slave Vessel in
the Mozambique Ch.annel, 1844, '49, fp. 8vo; 1853, 12mo.
■■ We shall be rejoiced if the publicity given to this little but
intelligent work by our means assist in drawing the attention of
the infiuential classes to the subject." — Bhickimoi.V s Mag.
Hill, R. The Gospel-Shop ; a Comedy, Lon., 1778, Svo.
Hill, R., Pastor, Gettysburg, Penn.a. Discourse at the
laying of tho corner stone of Gateway and Lodges of
Evergreen Cemetery, Gettysburg, 1S55, pp. 12.
Hill, Richard, Envoy to the Court of Savoy in the
Reign of Queen Anne. His Diplomatic Correspondence,
Lon., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. Edited by W. Blackley. This
work contains curious particulars relating to the Vaudois,
the wars in tho Cevennea, the Sp.anish Succession, with
letters of foreigners and translations of them.
" A supplement to the Marlborough Despatches, and a needful
explanation of them." — Lfm. Ejcaminfr.
Hill, Sir Richard, 1733-1808, M.P. for Salop, a son
of Sir Rowland Hill, Bart., a brother of the celebrated
preacher, Rowland Hill, and uncle of General Lord Hill,
Commander-in-chief R.N., was much attached to the
IIIL
doctrines of the Calvinist Methodists, and sometimes
preached in their chapels. He pub. several theolog. trea-
tises, 1775-1805, of which the best-known is An Apology
for Brotherly Love, and for the Doctrines of the Church
of England,' Lon., 1798, Svo. This is an answer to Dau-
beny's Guide to the Church. In 1800 he pub. Daubenism
Confuted, Ac, Svo. See Rev. Edwin Sidney's Life of Sir
Richard Hill, 1839, Svo.
" A better man than Sir Richard Ilill I do not know within the
circle of human nature."— Loan Kenton.
" Sir Richard's life was a pattern of modesty, piety, and good-
ness."— Lord Erskine.
" He was of a large and greAt soul, comprehensive of the inte-
rests of God, the world, the church, his country, his friends, (with
a peculiar concernedness.) of the souls of men, ready to his utter-
most to serve them all ; made up of compassion towards the dis-
tressed, of delight in the good, and general benignity towards all
men." — Howe.
See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vii. 58.
Hill, Robert, D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1592, 1617.
Hill, Robert. Six Serms., 1728-30, 2 vols. Svo.
Hill, Robert, 1099-1777, a self-taught tailor and
stayin,aker, a native of Hertfordshire, remarkable for his
knowledge of languages. 1. Remarks on Berkeley's Essay
on Spirit. 2. The Character of a Jew. 3. Criticisms on
Job. The Rev. Joseph Spenco took a lively interest in
Hill, and promoted a subscription for his benefit by pub-
lishing a Par.allel, in the manner of Plutarch, between a
most celebrated Man of Florence (Sig. Magliabocchi) and
one scarcely known in England, (Robert Hill.) Strawberry
Hill, 1768. To this vol. we must refer the reader who
desires to know more of the learned tailor.
Hill, Robert. Sketches in Flanders and Holland,
Lon., 1816, 4to, £5 5». A vnluablo aid when reading the
account of the Battle of Waterloo, as it contains engrav-
ings of the principal points of the field.
Hill, Rowland, 1744-1833, an eminent preacher
attached to the doctrines of the Calvinist Methodists, a
brother of Sir Richard Hill, (nnte,) was educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge, and ordained deacon in the
Church of England. In 1783 ho built Surrey Chapel,
London, and preached there during the winter seasons,
acting as an itinerant preacher during the summer months
until his death,— a period of fifty years. He pub. a num-
ber of serms., theological treatises, ic, of which the best-
known is the work entitled Village Dialogues, of which
the 34th cd. was pub. in 1839. He was a man of great
benevolence, profound piety, and indefatigable zeal. Sec
his Life, by the Rev. W. Jones, with a Pref by Rev. James
Sherman, Mr. Hill's successor in Surrey Chapel ; 2d ed.,
1840, 12mo ; again, 1845 ; his Life, by Rev. Edwin Sidney,
4th ed., 1844, fp. Svo; Select Notes of his Preaching, by
Sidney, ]2mo; Memorial of him, by Rev. James Sher-
m.an, 1851, 18mo; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biogra-
phy; Metropolitan Pulpit; Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1833;
Phila. Museum, xlvi. 410 ; New Haven Month. Chris.
Spec, X. 516.
Sheridan used to say,
'• I go tn hear Kowland Hill because his ideas come red-hot from
the he;u-t."
Dr. Milner, the Dean of Carlisle, was so much afl'ected
by hearing one of his sermons, that he went to him in the
vestry, and said,
'• Jlr. Hill, Mr. Hill, I felt to-day 'tis this slajidash preaching,
say what they will, that does all the go<»d."
Robert Southoy gives an iuterestiug account of a ser-
mon ho heard Hill deliver in 1823, two years before the
preacher's death :
" His manner was animated and striking, sometimes impressive
and dignified, always remarkable; and so powerful a voice I have
rarely or never heard. . . . The purport of bis sermon was good ;
nothing fanatical, nothing enthusiastic; and the Calvinism which
it expressed w.as so qualitied as to be harmless: . . . the manner
that of a performer as great in his line as Kent or Kenible.'* —
Letter to Mrs. Souiluy : HoiMci/'s Life and Oorrcsjionclenee.
Let us quote the testimony of a witness even more dis-
tinguished than Rowland Hill himself:
" No man has ever drawn, since the days of the Saviour, sudi
sublime images from Nature: here Mr. Hill excels every other
manl . . . Whatever a mLijudging world ni.iy say, such men .is
these will ' shine as the brightness of the firmament, and as the
stars forever.' May my soul, though at a humble distance, be
admitted among them!" — Robert Hall.
Hill, Rowland, Secretary to the London Post-Ofiice,
has become widely-known as the author of the system of
Penny Postage commenced 1839-40. Post-OSice Reform :
its Importance and Practicability, Lon., 1837, Svo.
"This pamphlet is important from its having paved the way for
the introduction of the new system of penny postage. . . . The
measure has led to the sacrifice of above 1,000,000/. a year of nett
revenue." — McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit Eton., 339, g. v.
\ And see also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xv. 459.
HIL
Mr. McCuIIoch thinks that the reduction was too great-
and he is certainly correct.
Hill, S, .S. 1. Short Account of Prince Edward's
Island, Lon., 12mo. 2. Emigrant's Introduc. to an Ac-
quaintance with the British American Colonies, 1837, 12mo.
i.J'4 ciLXXTissr' """ °' ^'^"^ info,ma.ion,.'-i<,„.
SepriSS?" ^'""' *^™"'' "'*"•' ^"^- ■'^"' ^''"'"P- ^^S;
n^I'* J'"™ ""'' '''^ Turban, 1S45, 2 vols. p. Svo.
1. VV,r ,^™"'''' ^'"'''"' of Killington, and Archdeacon,
fc^i," ,-Io ' P"''- *"'''""''' tlieolog. controversial treatises,
Hill, Samuel. Vaccination, Portsea, 1804, 8vo.
M-ii Tu"""^'" ^^"''^'^ New Law List to 1805, 1817.
Hill, The. Stoic Philosophy, or the Praise of Po-
verty; a Pf.ciii, Lon., ir2ii, Svo,
A ?'•"; *J,*'"' '"■ Hvlle, Thomas, a " Londoner," pub.
A Eriefe Treatise of Gardeninge, Lon., 1663, I61110. (fre-
quently reprinted;) The Ordering of Bees, 1574, Ac; The
Schoole of Skil, an astronom. work. 1599, 4to ; several
almanacs; and some works on arithmetic, astronomy,
physiognomy, <tc., for an account of which see Watt's
Bibl. Brit, ; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
" Hylls two books seem to lie the «rst that were written on
gardenioK and bees."-/>„„„;<fe»„-., AgrictUl. Bwu.
S- .' Gliomas. Legerdemain, Lon., 12mo.
mil, 1 homas. Serms., 1642, '43 '44 -45
S'!l' -n!""'""*" °" ^™- Parry's Mor.aI Evil, 1809.
Hill, rhomas. Archdeacon of Derby. Letters and
Memoir of the late Walter Augustus Shirley, D.D., Lord-
Bishop of Sodorand Man. Edited by T.H., Lon., 1849, Svo.
A solid and interesting volume, containinjr, in addition to the
rS^n^f' :""°"'^ .intelligent remarks on public affahs and thec^
and of m.inkind. at home and abroad."— L™. Spectat<yr.
and do^ed^wrth^h '? T ?";■'■,.'■'"■■'* ''»'' «=« deepest interest
"^VS.X-I'l'''"'"' '"""«^ "' "^ m,portanee."-i«,i.
Hill, Thomas, b. at New Brunswick, N.J, 1818-
gr.ad. at Harvard Coll. 1,843; settled at W.altham Bfass.;
Bost .];,^''f'''^^'^"''^S<',lUX^imo. 2. Arithmetic
Bost 1845 3. Geometry and Faith, N.Y.,1.S49. 4 Curva
no™ ; , A i""- ^"'^ ^'^- ^'^58. Contributed to astro-
nomical and religious periodicals. Edited Whately's Evi-
deuces of Christianity, and The Stars and the EarUi
Hill, rhomas Ford, d. 1795. I. Ancien Erse
niii, n, 11. t,. Carolina Law Renorts lS3'!-3'i
Columbia m+-37 ., ,0,3. gvo. 2. S. Ca,;! na Chancer^
Reports. 1833-37, 2 vols. Svo, 1834-37 ^
„.**TnV .' )*'"V '?''" ^"'■^"'-^ "f ""' Soul ; or, the Soul of
1605 4I0 '•'""'"g ''"'^ »"J when it is infused, Lon.,
„n?r!'' ^^"••V^,-,^- "'9-1"". a divine, school-master,
of Cm r",r\v '""■", "u-'^'"'™ ^""''g'^' Oxford, a native
of Cudivorth, Warwickshire. 1. Dionysii Orbis Descrin
tio Lon.. 1658. '59, '63 78, '88, Svo. "^The last ed. IsX
I;-., ™o™an s Lookmg-GIass, 1660, 12mo.
Hillard, George Stillman, a grandson of General
S illman b Sept 22 1808. at M.achias, M.aine, entered the
Boston Latm ,Scl>ool, 1S22, entered Harvard College in
If S ?^ f •'"l"ated in 1828, admitted to the Sulfolk
county (Boston; Bar, 1833, and to the present time (1859)
Mr R ?," f^"'^"^ '" ■"'," P™""™ °f '!>« 'aw in Boston
Mr H Hard was married in 1834 to Susan T., daughter
of the late Judge Howe of Nortbamjiton. In 1845 he was
elected to the Cn„mo„ Council, of which he was a member
nnt. July, 1847, and was for six months its president He
has been a representative to the State Legislature, and was
elected to the Senate in 1850. As a legislator, Mr. Hillard
r„°r7nr 1 ? t1"'' 7'r^ '""'^'^ "'•^ ^»™ commenda-
tion of the late Daniel Webster, (.see Webster's Works v
mis;lire„"'%?""'"l "'■ '.°"="'=<''»al character was seldom
mistaken The reader will find some interesting reminis
cences of Mr^ Hillard's early life in the H.sLbZ]
ix ' tr",, '" """g ■'* "fO'lrod Boston Orators.
Mr. Hillard has gained the reputation of being one of
W.T f ??"■="? "' American orators: as a writer, we
have heard him classed, by no less an authority than the
eminent publicist. Dr. Francis Lieber, among the very best
which the country has yet produced. Mr. Hillard's nubli-
XT, T.f '>'.'»»•= •-'• Fourth of July Oration before
the Ph^Rl", I.-""''.=°'^ ^"''°"' ^«2^' 2- Discourse before
the Phi Beta Rappa Society, 1843. 3. Connection between
5 Adlr ^ 1° ^'u''"J Association of Boston, 1850.
5. Address before the New York Pilgrim Society 1S51.
HIL
6. Eulogy on Daniel Webster, before the City Authorities
of Boston, 1852. This truly eloquent oration will be found
iu A Memorial of Daniel Webster from the City of Boston
185.3, edit, by Mr. Hillard. This vol. must be owned by
all who possess Little, Brown & Co.'s beautiful edit, of the
Works of Webster. 7. Six Months in Italy, 1853, 2 vols
12mo; 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. 12mo; 5th ed., 1855, 16mo'
This work has been commended in the highest terms'
W e give brief citations :
"The mass of information contained in these two volumes is
immense ; the ciilidsms novel, ami, in our bumble opinion judi-
cious; the writer's own thoughts and feelings beautifully ex
pressed. . . . The only wonder is how he could manage in so 'short
a time to see so much ; for Mr. Hillard is one who sees not only
with the outward eye, but with that inner mental vision which
carries away with it and makes its own all that fixes its observa-
tion and acts upon its sensations. . . . Mr. Hillard is evidently a
scholar, a man of taste and feeling, something, we should opine,
"WI^Hll" ;,""""",»'^at>ly a genttemin,.--Fraser:, Magazine.
Mr. auard 3 work is that of a scholarand a gentleman, a man
of sense as w-ell as of ta,,te and feeling, and well prepared by his
previous reading to appreciate hie subject. He writes without eg^
tism, personal or patriotic; he has no systems tosopport nor prcj^
dices to defend; h.s views are always liberal and bLeyolent"^ and
if not always in our opinion, right, he is always candid. His style
IS pointed and IS full of happy expressions ami striking images •
?r'aSf '/„" 'f *° '""■'^"" " ""'= 'O" »">bitious. ..^nd^i" Xs:
trations though ingenious, seem to us fanciful and far-fetched-
he anxiety (perhaps derived from his profession) to enforce a ptoi
leads now and then to exaggeration.-not indeed of fact, but of ex-
pression These blemishes, however, are but slight ; and our men-
tion of them must be taken asaproof of the sincerity of our g"u°
ral praise."— ic«. Quar. Sev., April, 1868
it 'i'.^S"^ "'' ""■ ^T^ ra'^tally. it fixed our attention at once; and
It 19 long sinr e we have read a volume of travels with so iLuch
pleasure."— Zli/Wii, KevUio. July, 1858.
The New York Albion thus closes its review :
"What a pleasant business it would be, this passing judgment
on books If we had many such authors to deal with ! It was with
list ess attention that we took up the two volumes before us, not-
withstanding that these Ikiston publishers have the knack of
courting the eye by all the tricksy niceties of typography But let
no man gains.ay the truth of that homely proverb which peoples
ocean with as good fish as ever came out of it. or rashly assert
that Italy is an exhausted theme.' Mr. Hillard has fairly carried
us with him hom his first page to his last ; and we must honestlT
avow that no modern traveller, within the scope of our pen, has
looked and listened so profitably to himself, and has recorded his
impressions in a manner so acceptable to his readers."
8. A First-Class Reader; consisting of Extracts in Prose
and Verse, with Biographical and Critical Notices of the
Authors. For the use of Advanced Classes in Public and
Private Schools, 1856, Svo, pp. 504. This vol. contains
15b pieces, selected from the yyritings of 112 authors of
note.
"The selections are so well made, and the brief biographical
8ketches so convenient, that the book deserves a circulation beyond
the class for whom, ostensibly, it has been prepared. Asa volnme
01 elegant extracts,' we take pleasure in recommending it to the
fa^.f'if. Tn^^i-*? "■" i°>^tructor we can safely endorse it, as a
careful and judicious compilation, admirably adapted to the re-
18M™6? ^''°^" schools."-(A-. lorl) C,-lr"on° Jprat,
Mr Hillard has also prepared a Second. Third, and
Fourth Class Reader, the whole forming a complete series
ior he use of grammar-schools. They are being generally
usecl m most of the States of the Union
Translator of-9. Guizot's Essay on the Character and
Influeuce of Washington, 1840, 12mo. Editor of-10. The
Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser, 1839, 5 vols. 12mo,
bvTiHIe 1? 'rn^^r^ This excellent edit, waspub
ed^it ,f % '°"° * w- f ^■'"^°"' "''0 '"'^•^ i»™-=d ''now
edit of Spenser's Works in 1855, 5 vols. ISmo. Mr
MS::f|p:n1s.l'"LLrur"'"='' "^"^^ distinguished
S h?/ '"'7"^]']- ">""y rf-"'^^ of persons who would o^erwise
11. Selections from the Writings of Walter Savaire
Landor, 1856, 12mo, pp. 301. oavage
ti," ^'' a^'"}''^ "": ■^'■stibule this little book olfers. I can nersuade
whiril'^d^''h'' '"•° '1'"' '"'"'''^' rtructureof wisdom and beri?y
-Pr"c° '■""'"'' °'' P"""""' """ ""^'^ ''™° accomplishei"
"In his admiraWy-written preface, Mr. Hillard has given so
exeel^nt an estimate of Lander's works that he has fiSled
he oflice of the critic; and we could say nothing on the sub eot
— (i\. ioiA) Cnlmon. Januanj 1-3, 185C, 166.
Mr Hillnrd was for some time editor of the American
Jurist, and wrote a number of articles for its p.iges: and
he has also been a contributor to the North American Re-
view, the Cliristian Examiner, the New England Maga-
zine, Ac. To him also wo are indebted for (he Life of
HIL
IIIL
Captain John Smith, in Sparks's Library of American
Biography, 1st Series, ii. 171-407. If to all these titles
to houoiirable distinction Mr. Hillnrd's friends should
claim for him the possession of poetical abilities of no
ordinary rank, they would feel amply prepared to vindi-
cate the justice of their pretensions. Among the most
admired of his writings are the two noticed with just com-
mendation in the following extract:
" George S. Ilillard is one of the most polished writers of New
England. His taste is fastidious, and he is a fine rhetorician. He
excels in arran};enient and oondens.ation. and has an imftginative
expression. Of his numerous articles iu The North American Re-
view, one of the most brilli.int ison Prescott's Conquest of Mexico;
but I think the happiest of his essays is that on the Mission of
the Poet, read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society." — It. W. Gbis*
wold: Tlie Iiiidlcctual History, ComlUwn, and Prospects of the
Cuuntry, prefixed to his Prose Writers of America.
*■ The exquisite and flowing sentences seem allied to music, and
touch the outward sense, as well as stir the fancy and excite the
reflective powers."
We have already quoted the testimonies of some emi-
nent witnesses to the distinguished talents — in the maturity
of their luxuriant foliage — of the subject of our notice.
The early indications of these talents — the " promise of
the spring" — were not unnoticed by one who firat planted,
and then stimulated to an abundant harvest, the priceless
seeds of knowledge in many a youthful mind. We are
adducing but one more to the many eviilcnces of that
sagacity which so pre-eminently characterized a late emi-
nent jurist, by the citation of the following lines :
"To some among them [his law-pupils] he was bound by the
warmest ties of affection ; and I cannot refrain from mentioning
the love and esteem he had for Charles Sumner and George S. Hil-
lard, whom he rather looked upon as his children than as his
pupils." — Wiu. W. Story's Life of Judge Joseph Story, ii. S'J.
Hillary, Wm., M.D. Medical treatises, Lon., 1735-61.
Hilihouse, James? 1754-1832. anativeof Montville,
Connecticut, graduated at Yale College, 1773 ; treasurer
of Yale College, 1782-1832; member U. S. House of Re-
presentatives. 1791-94 ; of the United States Senate, 1794-
1810. Mr. Hillhouse filled several important public posts
in his native State, He pub. a number of Speeches. &c.
See Bacon's Sketch of the Life and Character of Hon.
James Hillhouse j Life and Letters of Judge Joseph
Story, i. loS.
Uillhousc, James A., 17S9-1S41, son of the pre-
ceding, was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, entered
Yale College at fifteen years of age, and graduated, with
distinguished honours, in 1808. After the war of 1S12
he engaged in commercial pursuits in the city of New
York; visited Europe in 1819; was married in 1824 to
Miss Cornelia Lawrence, of New York ; and shortly after-
wards removed to his country-seat of Sachem's Wood, near
New Haven, where he resided, with the exception of an-
nual visits to New York, during the remain<ler of his life.
Upon taking his second degree at college, Mr. Hillhouse
had gained great credit by his oration On the Education
of a Poet; and in 1812 he produced a poem of remark-
able excellence, entitled The Judgment, a Vision, — a de-
scription of the awful scenes of the Last Day. (Pub. N.
York, 1812, 8vo.) This poem was rewarded, shortly after
its first appearance, by the enthusiastic commendation of
one of the most accomplished of English critics, who thus
concludes his review :
*' In short, such is the approach to excellence, both in the con-
ception and execution of this little poem, that I confess myself
mure than commonly gratified in the opportunity of doing what
lies in my power towards making it further known on this side
the Atlantic; especially as the praise to which it is so justly en-
tilled may, in all probability, lead its author to other aud more
extended efforts." — Dr. Dbaki:: Evenings in Autumn, 1822, ii.
lOU-127.
Whilst in London, he pub. Percy's Masque, a Drama
in Five Acts; the subject of which is "the successful at-
tempt of one of the Percies, the son of Shakspcarc's Hot-
spur, to recover his ancestral home." It was reprinted in
New York, "with alterations," 1S20, 12rao, pp, 150, and
reviewed in the North American Review (xi. 384-393) by
a fellow-poet, William C. Bryant. Referring the reader
to this article, we will quote a few paragraphs :
'' We are glad to meet with so respectable a production in this
department of literature from the pen of a native writer ; indeed,
we are pleased to light upon any modern tragedy in the English
language so well worthy of notice. . . . There is no powerful de-
velopment of character, but the characters are consistent and well
sustained. . . . We think that the author of Percys Masque is
to be congratulatL-d on having escaped so well the florid and de-
clamatory manner, with so many celebrated and seducing ex-
ample.c before him. We hope, however, that, should he continue
to cultivate this department of the drama, he will be led to study
a stvle still more idiomatic and easy, and. particularly {for here
hi:; has sinned mostj with fewer capricious departures from the
oatural construction."
"Percy's Masque reproduces the features of an era more im-
pressed with knightly character than any in the annals of Kng-
land. Hillhouse moves in that atmosphere quite as gracefully aa
among the solemn and venerable traditions of the Hebrew faith.
His dramatic and other pieces are the first instances in the
country of artistic skill in the higher and more elaborate species
of poetic writing."' — H. T. Tuckcrjiian's Sketch of Avterican Lite-
rature.
In 1824 Mr. Hillhouse composed the sacred drama of
Hadad. which was given to the world in the following
year, New York, Svo, pp. 208. This admirable piece was
reviewed in the North American Review (xxii. 13-27) by
F. W. P. Greenwood; by H. Ware, Jr., in the Christian
Examiner, ii. 301 ; and by an unknown critic, in the United
States Literary Gazette, ii. 96. See also article on Hill-
house's Dramas, Discourses, and other Poems, (1839,2 vols.
16mo,) byJ.G. Palfrey, in North American Review, I. 231-
262; and Literature in the Nineteenth Century — America
—in the London Athenaeum, 1833, p. 9. The author of
the article declares that
"This is one of those works which the Americans do not or
cannot appreciate. As a drama, it is throughout admirable,
though the excL-ssive interest of the supernatural vein rather
dims the brightness of the inferior portions of the plot. . . . We
trust hL^ writes molgri dit,couragement and neglect, for the time
will come when he will be sought for. Lt boyi temps for literature
in Aoierica is not far off."
In 1839 Mr, Hillhouse pub. (in 2 vols. 16mo} a collective
ed. of his writings, the title of which we have given above.
The vols, contain — 1. Percy's Masque. 2. Hadad. 8. De-
metria; a domestic Italian tragedy, written in 1S13, but
never before printed. 4. The Judgment; a Poem. 5.
Sachem's Wood ; a Poem. 6. Phi Beta Kappa Discourse,
1826, at New Haven, On Some of the Considerations which
should influence an Epic or a Tragic AVriter in the Choice
of an Era. 7. A Discourse before the Brooklyn Lyceum,
in 1836, On the Relations of Literature to a Republican
Government. 8. A Discourse at New Haven, 1S34, in
Commemoration of the Life and Services of General La-
fayette. See the Review by J. G. Palfrey, noticed above ,•
another review in the Boston Christian Examiner, xxvii.
285 ; articles (on the Poem of Judgment) in the Boston
Christian Disciple, iii. 209 ; N. Hav^-n Chris. M. Spec, iii.
466 ; an article in the N. Haven Chris. Quar. Spec, v. 238 ;
New Englander, Nov. 1858, (by i*rT. Tuckerman;) N. P.
Willis's Poem before the Linonrnff Society of Yale College,
1841; Everest's Poets of Conn^cfTcut; notice of Hillhouse,
from materials furnished by tBishop Kip, in Griswold'3
Poets and Poetry of America. The enthusiastic tribute
of a fellow-poet may appropriately conclude this notice of
one of the most eminent of modern dramatic authors:
"Hillhouse, whose music, like his themes,
Lifts earth to heaven.^whose poet-dreams
Are pure and holy as the hvmu
Echoed from harps of seraphim
Bv bards that drank at Ziou's fountain,
When glory, peace, and hope were hers,
And beautiful upon her mount.ains
The feet of angel-messengers."
Fitz-Greene Halleck: The Recorder.
HilHard, Francis, b. about 1808, in Cambridge,
Ma^s., son of William Hilliard, an eminent publisher of
Boston, grad. Harvard University 1823. He has been .Judge
of Roxbury (Mass.) Police Court, Commissioner of Insol-
vency and Judge of Insolvency for the county of Norfolk.
1. Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols. viii. to xiv. inc,
Bost., 1837, Svo. Supp., 1843. Svo. 2. Law of Sales of
Per.sonal Property, N. York, 1841, Svo. See 25 Amer. Jnr.,
488, xxvi. 262. 3. Amer. Law of Real Property; 2d ed.,
Phila., 1846. Svo ; 3d ed., N. York, 1855, 2 vols. Svo. This
work contains that portion of Cruise's Digest which the
American lawyer will find most needful.
"I know no work that we possess whose practical utility is
likely to be so extensively felt."— Judge Story.
"A work of great labour and intrinsic \alue."— Chancellor
Kent : Com., ii. 6^5, n., 5lh ed.
*' A work creditable to himself, and of great practical utdity to
the professinn throughout our whole country."— -4»ier. fur.
See also 1 L.Rep., 119; ix. 188; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.387.
4. American Jurisprudence ; Elements of Law, &c., 2d
ed., 1848, Svo. 5. Law of Mortgages of Real and Per-
sonal Property, Bost., 1853, 2 vols. Svo.
" As a manual for use it will take the place of other treatises
on the same subject." — Law Rep<irta-.
6. Treatise on the Law of Vendors and Purchasers of
Rcjil Property, 185S, 2 vols. Svo. A Treatise on Torts, 2
vols. 8vo. Now (1858) in course of preparation.
Hilliard, Henry \V., of Alabama. Speeches and
Addresses, N. York, 1856, Svo. The most of these speechea
were delivered in the House of Representatives at Wash-
ington, D.C. Appended are a number of literary addresses,
which have been commended.
849
HIL
niN
Uilliard, John. Fire from Heaven ; concerning a
Man burnt to aslics by Lightning, Lon., 1613, 4to.
Hilliard, Samuel, Prcb. of Lincoln, and Rector
of Stafford, Essex. Seven occasional Surnis., 1709, '12,
'13. '14. '17.
Hilliard, Timothy, 17'16-17nO, minister of Cam-
bridge, Mass., «te., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1761. Scrras.,
1774-SS.
Hillier, James. Observations at Cape Corse; Phil.
Trans., 1697.
Hills, Henry, minister of Hin.thill. A Treat, cone,
the Propagation of the Soul, on Eccles. .\ii. 7, Lon. 1G67,
12mo.
Hillyard, Clark. Practical Farming and Grazing,
Breeding of Sheep and Cattle, &c., Lon., 1836, 8vo.
"The volume coutains 3.')'2 octavo pages of sound, practical
sense, with several very amusing anecdotes." — DonaJtismVs Agrir
cult. Bing.
Hilman, Samuel. Tusser Redivivus, Lon., 1710,
8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1843.
Hils, G. H. Trans, of the Odes of Casiniire, Lon.,
1646. 12mo. Dr. Drake decl.ares that many of Casimir's
odes are worthy of tlie genius of Horace.
Hilsey, or Hildcsley, John, d. 153S, Bishop of
Rochester, 1535. 1. Tlie Manuall of Prayers: or, the
Prymer in Englyshe, Lon., 1539, 8vo. 2. De Veri Cor-
poris lesu in Sacramento. 3. Resolutions concerning the
Sacraments, &e. See Athen. O.xon.
Hilton, John. 1. Ayres, or Fa Las for three Voyces,
1627. 2. C.Ttch that catch can, Lon., 1652, 8vo. This
collection, we are told,
" Helped to solace the royalists in private, during the triumphs
of their enemies and suppression of all public amusements." See
Ilawkiuss and liuruev's llistoiies of Music.
Hilton, or Hylton, Walter, flourished about 1440,
a Carthusian monk. 1. The Scale,- or. Ladder of Per-
fection, 1494, fob; 1507, '21, '25, '3.3, 4to; 1659, 8vo; 1672,
32mo ; 1679, Svo. The last is the ed. revised by Abr.
Woodhead.
This work was undertaken at the command of the pious
Margaret, mother of Henry VII. See Dr. Dibdin's Ames,
ii. 36-40, for copious extracts from "this very strange
performance."
The whole concludes with the following verses :
■' lufynyte hiude with thankynges niauyfold,
I yelde to god, me socourynge with his grace.
This boke to fynysshe, whiche that ye beholde
Scale of pei'feccyon calde in every place.
Whereof thauctor Waltre Hylt^io was."
A copy sold at the Alchorue sale for £18 18«.
2. A Devoute Boke, Ac. See Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon.. iii. 1164; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 932.
Hilton, William. Relation of a Discovery lately
made on the Coast of Florida, Lon., 1654, 4to. Liber
rarissimus.
Hinchcliti'e, Henry John. 1. Rules of Practice
for the Vice- Admiralty Ct. of Jamaica, Lon., 1813, Svo.
2. Carving over a Chimney-Piece atSpekeUall; Archseol.,
1803.
Hinchcliffe, John, D.D., 1731-1794, a native of
Westminster, educated at Westminster, and elected to
Trin. Coll., Canib., 1750; Head-Master of Westminster
School, 1764; Vicar of Greenwich, 1766; Master of Trin.
Coll., Camb., 1768 ; Bishop of Peterborough, 1769. 1.
Serm., Phil. iv. 4. Lon., 1773, 4to. 2. Serm., Acts x. 34,
35. 1776. 4to. 3. Serm., Mai. ii. 10, 1786, 4to. 4. Serms.,
1796, Svo. Posth. This vol. disappointed expectations,
but is not without merit :
" This volume is not to be passed over amongst the common
run of pulpit compositions. The discourses are unaffected in
their manner, and exhibit traits of an energetic mind." — Lon.
Cnticid Reviev>.
Another authority remarks that they are
''Thioughuut written with correctness and simplicity; and
they are happily calculated to support religious beliefand to
promote vii-tuous manners." — Lnn. Month. Rev.
Hinckes,Rev. Mr. Account of some Ancient MSS.;
Trans. Ir. Acad., 1796.
Ilinckes, T. Letters in Answer to Paine's Age of
Reasfin, 1796, 8vo.
Hinckley, John, D.D., 1617-1695, a native of War-
wickshire, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, became
successively Vicar of ColeshiU, Berkshire, Rector of
Drayton, Leicestershire, and Northficid, Worcestershire.
He pub.— 1. Four Serms., &c., Oxf , 1657, Svo. 2. Epistola
Veridica, 1659, 4to. 3. Funl. Serm., 1661, 4to. 4. Per-
suasive to Conformity, 1670, Svo. 5. Fasciculus Literarum;
or, Letts, on several Occasi<ms, 1680, Svo. The first half
contains letters between Richard Baxter and Dr. II. on
the Divisions in the Church.
8S0
Hinckley, John, d. 1814, trans, books of Travels,
.history. &c. from the German and Italian. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit,
Hiucks, John, 1804-1S31, minister of a Unitarian
church at Liverpool, 1827. XXIX. Serms. .ind Occasional
Services, with Memoir by John II. Thorn. Lon., 1832, Svo.
Hind, Capt. James, a noted English highwayman.
1. His Declaration and Confession, Lon., 1651, 4to. 2. His
Will, 1651, 4to. 3. His Petition, 1051, 4to. Anumberof
pieces were pnb. about this notorious malefactor. Bee
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 933.
Hind, or Hynd, John. 1. The Mirrour of Worldly
Fame, Lon., 1603, 12mo, pp. 60. Reprinted in the Har-
leian Miscellany. 2. Eliosto Libidinoso : described in
two Bookcs, 1606, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 920, £15. See
Brydges's Cens. Literaria; Collier's Poetical Decameron.
Hind, Rev. John, late Fellow and Tutor of Sidney
Sussex College. 1. Principles of the Diff. Calculus, Lon.,
Svo. 2. Examp. of the Diff. Calculus, Svo. 3. Elements
of Algebra; 5th ed., 1841, Svo ; 6th ed., 1855, Svo. 4. In-
Iroduc. to the Elements of Algebm, 1840, 12mo. 5. Ele-
ments of P. .and S. Trigonom., 4th ed., 1S41, 12mo; 5tll
ed., 1855, 12mo. 6. Prin. and Prac. of Arithmetic; 6th
ed., 1849, 12mo; 7th ed., 1855, 12mo. Highly commended
by Dr. Whowell in his Cambridge Studies. 7. Prin. and
Pr.ac. of Arithmetical Algebra, 1851, ]2mo.
Hind, John Russell, Astronomer, Foreign Secre-
tary of the Royal Astronomical Society, and Superin-
tendent of file "Xautical Almanack," has discovered a
large nnml>er of planets, for an account of which see Men
of the Time, Lon., 1856; H. M. Bouvier's Familiar As-
tronomy, Phil.a., 1857. 1. The Solar System, Lon., 1846,
&c.f 18mo. 2. Expected Return of the (jreat Comet of
1264 and 1556, Svo, 1S48. 3. Astronomical Vocabulary;
an Exjdan. of Terms, 1852, Svo. 4. Comets; a Descrip.
Treatise, 1852, Svo. 5. The Illustrated London Astronomy,
1853. 6. Atlas of Astronomy: see Johnston, Alexander
Keith. No. 15.
Hind, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1755, '64, '65.
Hinde, Capt. Descrip. of the Light Horse. 1778, Svo.
Hinde, Robert. Prac. H.Ct. of Chan., Lon., 17S6,8to.
Hinde, Samuel. Serm.. Lon., 1663, 4to.
Hinde, or Hind, Thomas. 1. The Divinity of our
Saviour Proved : serm. on John i. 14, Oxf, 1717, Svo.
Hinde, Wm. 1. Substance of Serm. by J. Raynoldes,
Oxf., 1614, 4to. 2. Life of John Brucn, 1641, Svo.
Hinderwell, Thomas. Hist, and Antiq. of Sear-
borough and the Vicinity, York, 1798, Svo ; ISll, med.
Svo.
Hindler. Costs in the C. P. of Lancaster, 1843,12mo.
Hindley, Rev. George. Memorial for Children:
account of the Conversion, &c. of eighteen Children,
1S05; 3d ed., 1813, Svo.
Hindley, John Haddon. 1. Persian Lyrics, ISOO.
4to. 2. Pcndeh-i-:itfar, ISIO, 'IJ, 12mo.
Hindmarch, VV. M. 1. Supp. to Deacon's Crim.
Law of Eng., Lon., 1S36, Svo. 2. Law of Patents, 1846,
Svo. Snpp. now in Press. Amer. ed., Harrisb., 1S47, Svo.
" We can honestly say that he has ably and amply fulfilled the
promise in his Preface of producing a Treatise exhibifiug the Law
and Prnctice in all the details of the subject he has handled." —
Lon. Law Mug. ; see also 10 Jurist, 15U.
3. Defects of the Patent Laws, 1S51, Svo.
Hindmarsh, James. Diet, of Correspondencies,
&c. from the Works of .Swedenborg. Lon., 1794. 12mo.
Hindmarsh, Robert, a printer. Theolog. treatises
of the Swedenborgian School of Divinity, Lon., 1792-
1825.
Hinds, John. 1. Groom's Oracle, Lon.. 12mo; Phila.,
1835. 12mo. 2. .Manual of the Veterinary Art. Lon..l2mo.
3. Rules for Bad Horsemen, ]2mo. 4. Veterinary Surgeon;
2d ed., 1829, l2mo. 5. Manual of Farriery, 1841, 12mo.
Amer. cd., by Thos. M. Smith, with a Supp. by J. S. Skin-
ner, Phila. 'This work and Dr.Richard Mason's New Pocket
Farrier should he owned by all interested in horses.
" Wo cannot too highly recommend these books." — American
Furiitrr.
Hinds, Richard Brinsley, Surgeon B.N. of H. M.
S. Sulphur. 1. Zoology of the Voyage of the Sulphur,
Lon., 1843-45, r. 4to; vol. i. £3 10». ; vol. ii. £1 14s. 2.
Botany of do., 1844, 4to, £3 3«. Mr. Hinds accompanied
Sir Edward Belcher in his Voyage round the World in
H. M. S. Sulphur, 1836-42.
Hinds, Samuel, D.D., Vice-Princ. of St. Alban's Hall,
Oxford; Bp. of Norwich, 1S49. 1. Sonnets and other Sa-
cred Poems, p. Svo. 2. The Three Temjtlcs of the One
True God Contrasted, 1S30 ; 3d ed., 1S57, Svo. 3. Inspi-
ration and Authority of Scripture, 1831, Svo. 4. Scripture
HIN
HIT
and tbo authorized Version of Scripture, 1S53, 12mo. 5.
Catechist's Maiiuiil, 2d ed., 1855, 12mo.
" LearneJ. pious, and practical." — Bickr.rstHh's C. S.
6. Ilist. of Christianity, 1S29, 2 vols. 8vo; 1846, *50,
'53, 8vo. Division i. pub. separately in 1 vol. 8vo. Ori-
ginally pub. in Encyc. Metropol. See British Critic,
V. 135.
" Erudite research is here combined with independent thought.
The historical narrative tlows gracefully along. A certain agree-
able tone of generous and liberal feeling pervades the work." —
Scottish Guardian.
"An admirable compend, frank and liberal." — XTnitcd Freshy.
Mag.
Hingeston, II. Dreadful Alnrm upon the Clouds
of Heaven mixed with Love, Exeter. 1703. Svo. It has
been suggested that this vol. should accompany Stubbes's
Anatomie of Abuses.
Hiii§:ham, Sir Ralph de. See IIcNcn.vM.
Hinkley, E. Act-s of the Assembly of Maryland on
the Subject (.f Attachment, Bait.. IS-'iB. Svo.
Hiiiton, Benjamin. Eighteen Serms..Lon., 16.^0. 4to.
Hintoi), Isaac Taylor, a brother of John Howard
HiNTON, post. History of Baptism. Phila.. ISIO, 12mo.
Revised by J. Hnward Hinton, Lon., 1S41, 12mo.
Hinton, James. Vindic. of Dissenter.^, 1792, Svo.
Hinton, .lohn. Serm.. Lon., 1685. 4to.
Hinton, Sir .lohn. Memoires of Sir John Hinton,
Pliysician-in-Onlinary to his Majes tie's Person, 1629,
Lon., 1S14. 12inn. 100 copies printed.
Hinton, John Howard, minister of the Baptist
congregation, Devonshire Square, Bishopgate Street, has
acquired considerable reputation both as a preacher and
as an author. In addition to many theological, biogra-
phical, and other works, he has given to the world The
History and Topography of the United States of N. Ame-
rica, from their First Discovery and Colonization to 1826.
By J. H. IL, assisted by several literary gentlemen in Eu-
rope and America. 100 Maps and Plates. Pub. in Nos. :
finished in 1832, 2 vols. 4to; N. York, revised by S. L.
Knapp, 1834, 8vo. New ed., Lon., 1842. 2 vols. 4to; also
1S43, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Amer. ed., with Continuation,
edited by John Overton Choules, D.D., q. v. See Revue
Encyclopedique, Paris: Lon. Evangel. Mag., June. 1832:
and see notices of Mr. Hinton, in the Metropolitan Pulpit;
Men of the Time, 1856.
Hinton, \Vm. Life and Meditations, 1665, 4to.
Hioan, G. R. Thoughts on Prophecy, 1808, Svo.
Hippesley, Colonel George. Expedition to Vene-
zuela in 1817, Lon., 1819, Svo. See Blackwood's Mag.,
Sept. 1819. This is the book used by Byron as a narcotic
after dinner:
" Fleti'her, his valet, brought it regularly with the table-cloth.
Its soporific (lualities, he amusingly remarked, were truly asto-
nishing, surpassing thoseof any ordinary narcotic: the perusal of
a few pages sufiiced tu lull him asleep, and obtained him a favour-
able siesta when indisposed, or in bad humour with himself."' —
Voyage frmn Lfghoi-n to O^jyJialoiua with Lord Byron, by J. H.
Browmr : Slackiuood's Mag.., Jan. 1S34.
Hippesley, J. H. Chapters on Early English Litera-
ture, Lon., 1837, p. Svo.
"Tbereis throughout this volume much knowledge, correct and
tasteful criticism, and familiarity with the subject. We do not
know a better introduction to the study of our old poets." — Lon.
Omt. Mug.
Hippisley. Essays on Africa, Lon., 1764, Svo.
HippisIey,Sir John Coxe, MP.. LL.D., 1765-1825,
pub. several speeches, political tracts, 1806-13, and a trea-
tise on Prison Discipline in 1823.
Hiqua>us, Antonius, an Irishman. Com. in Lib.
quartum Sententiarum Scoti, Lugd., 1639.
Hiraethoc, t-rultyd. On Synnwyr pen Kembero
ygyd, WedyrgynnuU ; ci gynnwys aegyfansoddi mewn
crynobad ddus}>arthus a threfnodic awedrwy ddyual
ystryw. Gruffyd Hiraethoc prydydd o wynedd. Is. Comvy,
Lon., by Nycholas Hyll, Svo. The poet whose name is
attached to this collection of British Proverbs — Gruflfyd
Hiraethoc — flourished about 1500, in North Wales.
Hird, \Vm., M.D. Profess, treatises, Ac, 1751, '53, '81.
Hirst, Ans^usta Ann. Helen ; a Tnle, 1807, 2 vols.
Hirst, Henry B,, a native of Philadelphia, and a
member of the Bar ()f that city, commenced his career as
an author by poetical contributions to Graham's Magazine,
which met with public favour and were widely copied into
the journals of the day. He has since published three
volumes, viz.: 1. The Coming of the Mammoth, The Fu-
neral of Time, and other Poems, Bost., 1845. 2. Endy-
mion, a Tale of (i recce ; a Poem in four Cantos, 1848.
3. The Penance of Roland, a Romance of the Peine Forte
et Dure; and other Poems, 1849. For critical notices of
these works we refer the reader to Griswold's Poets and
Poetry of America; Duyckincks' Cyclopedia of Amer.
Literature; ami Pt)6's Literati.
Hirst, WiUiam, Master of the Free School, Hert-
ford. Necessity and Advantages of Education, Lon.,
1728, sm. Svo.
Hirst, Rev. William. 1. A Fire-Ball seen at Horn-
sey ; Phil. Trans., 175 4. 2. Ingress of Venus ; Phil. Trans.,
1769.
Hisinger. 1. The Stone Pyrophysalite; Nic. Jour.,
1808. 2. Niccolanum; Thorn. Ann. Philos., 1813.
Hitchcock, David, a shoemaker, b. 1773, at Bethlem,
Litchfield county, Conn., pub. in 1805, at Boston, a vol. of
Poetical Works, the chief poem of which — The Shade of
Plato; or, A Defence of Religion, Morality, and Govern-
ment— has been thought to possess considerable merit.
See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Autobiography pre-
fixed to Hitchcock's Poetical Works.
Hitchcock, Edward, D.D., LL.D., an eminent geo-
logist, b. at Deerfield, Mass., May 24, 1793, became prin-
cipal of an academy in his native town in 1816, and
retained this situation for three years, when he was
ordained, and subsequently was pastor of the Congrega-
tional church at Conway, Mass.; Professor of Chemistry
and Natural History in Amherst College, 1825; appointed
to make a Geological Survey of Massachusetts in 1830,
and again in 1837; President of Amherst College, and
Professor of Natural Theology and Geology, 18t4; Agri-
cultural Commissioner for Massachusetts, to visit the Agri-
cultural Schools of Europe, 1850. In 1854 Dr. Hitchcock
was induced by increasing bodily infirmities to resign the
Presidency of Amherst College ; but he still retains (1858)
the Chair of Natural Theology and Geology. He was
succeeded in the presidency by the Rev. Dr. William A.
Stearns. Among Dr. Hitehcock's early literary labours
were the preparation of an almanac for four years, (1SI5-
18,) and the composition of a Tragedy pub. in 1815, en-
titled The Downfall of Buonaparte. He has since then
given to the world a number of wnrks which have ctrn-
fcrred upon him a distinguished reputation both in Eumpe
and America. 1. Geology of the Connecticut Valley. 1823.
2. Catalogue of Plants within Twenty Miles of Amherst,
1829. 3. Dyspepsia Forestalled and Resisted, 1830. 4. An
Argument for Early Temperance. Reprinted in London.
5. First Report on the Economic Geology of Massachu-
setts, 1832. 6. Report on the Geology, Zoology, and
Botany of Massachusetts, with Plates, 1833, Svo; 2d ed.,
1S35, Svo.
"To Massachusetts belongs the honour of having made the first
complete geological survey of a whnlo state under the authority
of government ; the surveys of this nature in Europe haviue been
made by individual exertion, and seldom or partially accomplished
by the aid of goverument." — N. Anier. I\ei\, xlii. 422-44S, q. v., by
C. T. Jachson.
7. Report on a Re-examination of the Economical Goo-
logy of Massachusetts, 1838, Svo. See N. Amer. Rev.,
xlvii. 250-253. S. A Wreath for the Tomb, 1S39. Re-
printed in London, 1842, fp. Svo, with a Recommendatory
Preface, by J. Pye Smith, D.D.
"The Wreath for the Tomb is a very remarkable work. The
select passages are appropriate, and of a tendency harmonizing
with the othei parts of the volume ; but the Irermon and the Jis-
say are the things which give to this little volume its extraor-
dinary value." — Lon. Cbiigreg. Mag.
9. Elementary Geology, 1840, 12mo; 2d Lon. ed., by J,
Pye Smith, D.D., lS41,"cr. Svo; Sth Lon. ed., 1S49. p. Svo.
New Amer. ed., revised and enlarged, with Dr. J. P. Smith's
Preface, 1854, 12mo, pp. 416.
"It is an admirable work, and has been my carriage-companion
for some time." — Br, G. A. Mantell: LHfcr to Dr. Hitchcock:
" ProfL'Ksor Hitchcock's excellent work on Elementary Geology."
— Dr. Uijckland : Address before the London GcoUig. Soc, 1841.
"I shall recommend it in mv Lectures." — Prof. B. Silliman,
LL.D., of I'ab' College: Letter to Dr. Hitchcock.
And see N. Amer. Rev., lii. 103-109, by S. L. Dana;
Ivi. 435-451, by C. B. Adams; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi.
216.
10. Final Kepf^rt on the Geology of Massachusetts, 1S41,
2 vols. 4to, pp. 831, plates 55. See N. Amer. Rev., Ivi,
435-451. 11. Fossil Footsteps in the United States, 1S48.
12. Hist, of a Zoological Temperance Convention in Cen-
tral Africa, 1850, ISmo; 1854, 16mo. 13. Religious Lects.
on the Peculiar Phenomena of the Four Seasons, 1850,
12mo; 1853, 12mo. These Lectures were delivered to the
Students of Amherst College in 1845, '47, '48, '49. 14. The
Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences, 1851,
12mo. Two eds. pub. in London, 1851, p. Svo and 12mo.
New Lon. ed., 1855, 12mo.
'• A work eminent for candor, science, and learning, which re-
conciles .seeming difficulties, and adds to the general character of
the sut'ject discussed by great force aud beauty of style." — PRESl-
1 DEM KiNGj of Columbia College.
851
HIT
HOA
Eclec Rev. 4th Ser., xxxi. 4fi8. J5. Report on I Letter to Mr. Fleetwood, occasioned hy his late Es?av (
isTi ,o " "'^.^"'■''P^' 18»1- 16. Memoir of | Miracles. 1702, 4to, which we have already noticed : s
1, JbSl,l^mo. li. Lects. on Diet, Kegjmcn, and -Fleetwood, William, D.D. This was followed bv Tl
See also Eclec. Ri
the Agricu
Mary Lyon,
Em|jloyment, 12mo; being an enlarged cd. of No. 3. 18
Outlines of Ihe Geology of the Globe, and of the United
States in Particular, 1853, 8vo. 19. Religious Truth Illus-
trated from Science, Boston, 1857, 12mo. 20. Illustrations
of Surface Geology, pp. 155, 12 plates: pub. by Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, 1856. 4to. 21. Rep. to the Govt,
of Massachusetts on the Ichnology of N. England, pp. 200,
60 plates, 4to. To Dr. Hitchcock we are also indebted for an
Introduc. to Dennis Croftou's Genesis and Geology. Bost,,
16mo; and an Introduction to anewed. of the Plurality of
Worlds, 1855, 12mo. See BnEWSTEn, Sm David, LL.D.
and K.II. In addition to these labours, he has pub. eight
Addresses, a number of Sermons and Tracts, and contri-
buted about forty scientific papers to Silliman's Journal,
several articles to the American Biblical Repository on the
Connexion between Religion and (ieology, &c., and has
also contributed to the Bibliotheca Sacra, Ac. The reader
must not fail to peruse Ihe papers in the American Biblical
Repository, V. 439; vi. 2B1; vii. 448; i.'!. 78 ; x. 328 ; .\i. 1.
See also the articles on the Geology of Massachusetts, in
Amer. Jour, of Sci., i. 106, xxii. 1 : and see Amer. Jour.
of Sci., xli. 232 ; Westm. Rev., xxxviii. 40.
Hitchcock, Enos, D.D., d. 1803, aged 58, minister
of Providence, R.I., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1767, pub. a
work on Education. 1791), 2 vols. 12ino, an Essay on the
Lord's Supper, and four acrms., 1793-1800.
Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, General U.S. Army, a
distinguished soldier, b. 1798, at Vergennes. Vermont", re-
linquished the sword for the pen in 1855. 1. Remarks
upon Alchemy and the Alchemists, Bost., 1857. 12mo. 2.
Swedenborg a Hermetic Philosopher, N.Y., 1858, 12mn.
See Appleton's New American Cyclopaedia for a bio-
graphical account of General Hitchcock.
Hitchcock, Gad, D.D., d. 1803, aged 85, minister
of Pembroke, Mass., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1743, pub.
five serms., 1757, '71, '74, '79.
Hitchcock, Henry. The Alabama Justice, 1822, 8vo
Hitchcock, J. Poems, 1812, 8vo.
Hitchcock, John. A Sanctuary for Honest Men;
or, sin Abstract of Human Wisdom, Bon., 1617, 8vo
Hitchcock, or Hichoek, Robert, of Caverfield,
Buckingham, a Captain during the Wars in the Low
Countries in 1586. 1. A Pollitique Piatt, Lon., 1580, 4to
This 13 an historical tract. Ililibert, 3910, £1 13s. 2. The
QuintesenceofWit; trans, out of the Italian tunf, 1590 4fo
Hitchcock, Robert. Historical View of the Irish
Stage. Dubl., 1788-94. 2 vols. 12mo.
Hitchcock, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 2 Pet. ii. 5, Oxf.,
1761. 8\'0.
Kitchener, Wm. H. Plays. Novels. Ac, 1804-14
Hitchui, Charles. 1. Lett, to Mr. Hoadley, Norw.,
1711, 8vo. 2. Receivers and Thief-Takers of'Loudon,
Ac, Lon., 17IS. 4to.
Hitchin, Edward. On Infant B.aptism, Lon., 1710
Svo. '
Hitchin, Edward. Serms., &c., 1752-72.
Hitchins, Fortesciie. 1. The Sea-Shore; with
other Poems, 1810, 8vo. 2. The Hist, of Cornwall; edited
by Samuel Drew Helston. 1824, 2 vols. 4to.
Hitchins, Rev. Malachi. 1. Silver found in Her-
land Copper Mine ; Phil. Trans., 1801. 2. Roman Urn dis-
covered in Cornwall; Archaiol., 1803.
Hitchmugh. Richard. Serms., York, 1722, both Svo.
Hitt, Thomas. 1. Treatise of Fruit-Trees, Lon ,
1753, 8vo; 3d ed., 1768, 8vo.
•■ His tr. ntiss ou fruit-trees was much esteemei."—B<maMson's
Agrtciilt. Bv><j.
2. A Treatise of Husbandry, 1760, 8vo.
"The author wiiles very pertinently on enclosing waste lands,
bnngmg the arounds into cultivation, .-ind the raising of tim-
ber-trees —Umaldsmi s Agricult. Bing.
Hind, or Hinst, John. The Storie of Stories ; or,
the Life of Christ, Lon., 1632, 8vo.
Hoadly, Benjamin, D.D., 1676-1761, a native of
Westerham. Kent, admitted of Catherine Hall, Cambridt-o
1691. of which he became Fellow and Tutor; Lecturer "of
St. Mildred. London, 1701 ; Rector of St. Peter-le-Poor
London, 1704; Rector of Streatham, Surrey, 1710; Bishop
of B.angor, 1715; Bishop of Hereford, 1721; Bishop of
SalLsbury, 1,23; Bishop of Winchester, 1734. Bishop
Hoadly pub. a number of sermons and controversial tracts,
political and theological, which were collected and pub by
his son, John Hoadly, Chancellor of the Diocese of Win-
Mz"' ^ ''°'^' ''"'" ^^ "'■'*' '""■'''■'eJ attention by a
see
The
Reasonableness of Conformity to the Church of Enu-land,
1703, 8vo. which he sujijiortcd by some other tracts. He
had here for his opponent the excellent Mr. Calamy, who
represented the Dissenters of his way of thinking. See
Calamy, Edmund. In 1707, Svo, Hoadly pub. A Brief
Defence of Episcopal Ordination :
" I like both the design and doctrine, as I do every design of
reconcilinj; religion with re.Hson, or, where that may not be done,
of bringing them as near together as possiljle."— Dr. Middleton.
In 1735, Svo, he gave to the world A Plain Account of
the Nature and End of the Lord's Supper; a Defence of
the same, 1735, '48, Svo. This eliciteil a number of
answers, a list of which will be found in Dr. Home's Cat.
of the Queen's Library at Cambridge, and in Watt's Bibl.
Brit. Those who have not time or disposition to read all
these treatises can remember Mr. Bickersteth's hint that
Warren and Law's responses
'•Sufflc-ientlv show the nature of and answer Bishop Hoadlj'a
work." — CItrislian Student.
But the most memor.able warfare in which Hoadly was
engaged was that known as the Bangorian Controversy.
This was elicited by a sermon, preached before the king
in 1717, on St. John xviii. 36 : — "My kingdom is not of this
world :"
" The manner in which he explained the text was. that the
clergy had no pretensions to any temporal jurisdictions; but this
w_as_ answered by Dr. Snape, [Letter to the Bishops of Bangor,
1717. 8vo;] and. in the course of the debate, the argument in-
sensibly changed from the rights of the clerzv to that of princes,
in the government of the church. Bishop Hoadly strenuously
maintained that temporal princes had a right to govern in eccle-
siastical politics. His most able opponent was the celebrated
William Law. (The BIshopof BauKor's Late Sermon and his Letter
to Dr. Snapp In defence of it answered, 1717, 8vo.] who. in some
material pr.ints, may be said to have gained a complete victory."
The inquisitive reader who desires to master this cele-
brated Controversy will find a guide in a vol. entitled An
Account of all the considerable Pamphlets that have been
published on the Present Controversy between the Bishop
of Bangor .and others to 1718, with a Continuation to
1719, 8yo, 1719-20. Some forty or fifty tracts were pub.
upon this vexaia quxitio. As an encouragement (!) to the
reader who is impatient to spend a few winter eveninn-s
in the digestion of this knotty matter, we quote the ex-
perience of one of our most learned and acute of modern
literary critics:
"A long and celebrated war of pens instantly commenced,
known by the name of the Bangorian Controversy ; mana-^ed
pei-hnps on both sides, with all the chicanery of polemical writers^
and disgusting both from its tediousness, and from the manifest
unwillingness of the disputants to speak ingenuously what they
meant." '
Then follows this note:
"These qualities are so apparent, that after turning over some
forty or fifty tracts, and consuming a good many hours on the
Bangorian Controversy, I should tind some difBculty in statin-
with decision the propositions in dispute."— //(,(;,»;i's r.m^lil
Hist, qf Eiiolatul. ed. 1S64; Hi. 24.3-244. Read Ihe whole of tliese
remarks, whiih throw considerable light upon the subject.
Bishop Hoadly's Sermons (1754-55, 2 vols. Svo ; Dis-
courses, 4tli ed., 1734, Svo; and see his collected Works)
are highly valued :
" Hoadly Is very exact and judicious, and both his essence and
style just, close, and clear." — Da. Waterlaxo.
As reg.ards style. Pope complains of his long sentences:
"Swift for closer stvle,
But Iloadly for a period of a mile."
But the reader must also peruse Akenside's Compli-
mentary Ode to Hoadly.
Hoadly, Kenjaniin, M.D., 1706-1757, eldest son
of the preceding, and a native of London, educated at
Ecne't College, Cambridge, wrote the famous comedy of
The Suspicious Husband, 1747. Svo; assisted Hogarth in
his Analysis of Beauty ; wrote Three Lccts. on The Or-
gans of P^espiration, 1737, pub. 1746. 4to ; jmb. a medical
oration, 1742, Svo; and gave to the world, in association
with Mr. Wilson, Electrical Experiments, 1756, 4to. See
Biog. Brit. ; Biog. Dramat.
Hoadly, Charles J., State Librarian, Connecticut
Records of the Colony or Jurisdiction of New Haven,
from M,ay. 1 653, to the Union : together with the New Haven
Code of 1656, Hartford, ISoS, Svo. See (N. York) Hist.
Mag., Oct. 1S5S, 317.
Hoadly, John, D.D., d. 1747, Bishop of Leighlin
and Ferns, 1727 ; trans, to Dublin, 1729 ; and to the arch-
bishopric of Armagh, 1742. Occasional Serms., 1704-17.
Hoadly, John, LL.D., 1711-1776, youngest son of
Bishop Hoadly, was educated at Corpus Christi College,
noA
Cambridge, became Preb. of Westminster, and received
other preferments. I.Love's Revenge; a Pastoral, 1737,
4to. 2. Jeiihlha; an Onituriu, 1737, Svo. 3. Phcebe; a
Pastoral, 1748, 8vo. 4. The Force of Truth; an Oratorio,
1764.
He wrote a number of poems in Dodsley's Collection,
pub. his father':^ works, (ante,) and is supposed to have
assisted his brother iu The Suspicious Hu.sband. He also
revised Lillo's Ardcn of Feversham, wrote the 5th act of
Miller's Mahomet, and leit some dramatic works in MS.
See Ciofj. Dramat. ; Dodsley's Collection of Poems.
Hoatlly, Loammi Ives, b. at Northford, Conn.,
179(1. j^raduatud at Yale College, 1817; studied theology
at Andovur, and was one year Resident Licentiate on tiie
Abbot Foundation ; supplied the Old South Church, Boston, |
fur the most of that year; for four years pastor of the |
Waldo Calvinist Church, Worcester, Mass. ; has had '
charge of several churches in New Englan<l ; was for one I
year Winter Instructor in Sacred Rhetoric in the absence j
of Professor Porter; assistant editor of the Comprehen-
sive Commentar}' of the Bible; (see Aknald, Richard;)
edited the 6th vol. of the Spirit of the Pilj^rims; edited
for many years most of the works pub. by the Mass. Sab-
bath-School Society ; author of an Essay pub. iu Tucker's
work on Predestination; contributor to Mothers' Maga-
zine, Christian Spectator, and various religious publica-
tions.
Hoadly, Samuel. The Accidence, in Questions and
Answers, Lon., I6S3, 1737, 8vo.
Hoar, Leonard, M.D., d. 1675, aged about 45, Presi-
dent of Harvard College, 1672-75, wrote an excellent
letter to Josiah Flint, giving him direction in his studies,
pub. in the ]\Iass. Hist. Collee. See Magualia ; Mass. Hist.
Collec. vi. 1011-108.
Hoard, Samuel, d. 1657, Rector of Moreton, Essex.
1. God's Love to Mankind manifested by disproving his
absolute Decree for their Bamnation, 1633, 4to. Anon.
Answered by Bishop John Davenant, Camb., 1641, 8vo,
and by Dr. Wm. Twisse, Oxf . 1653, fol. Hoard's sermon
is very rarcdy met with. 2. Serm., Lon., 1636, Svo. 3. The
Church's Authority asserted in a Serm. on 1 Cor. xiv. 40,
1637, 4toi and in Dr. Geo. Hickes's Tracts, 1709, Svo, p.
190.
Hoare, Hon. Charles. Divine Meditations; with
a Daily Dirertmy, 1S(I4, 12iuo.
Hoare, Charles James, Vicar of Godstone, Arch-
deacon of Surrey, and Canon of ^Vinchestur, formerly of
St. John's College, Cambridge, and Viear of Blandford
Forum, Dorset. 1. Serms. on the Christian Character, &c.,
1821, Svo; 3d ed.. 1822, Svo.
"Ardent piety without enthusiasm, dipcretiou without coldness, i
and orthodoxy without bij;otry.' — Lfti. Chris. Observer. !
2. The Course of Divine Judgments : 8 Lects. in Advent,
1S31, Svo; 1832. 3. Principles of the Tracts for the Times,
1S41, Svo. 4. Office of Public Infant Baptism illustrated
and explained, 1S4S, fp. Svo.
" A valuable accession to our popular theology." — Ck. of Eng.
Qiuxr. Kev.
Archdeacon Hoare has also pub. several occasional
serms., &c.
Hoare, Kdward, incumbent of Christ's Church,
Ramsgate, has pub. The Scriptural Princi|des of our Pro-
testant Church, Lon., 1845, ISmoj 1847, 12moj and other
works.
Hoare, George Richard. 1. Modern Europe in
Miniature. 1811, ISmo. 2. The Young Traveller; a Tale,
1812. ISmo.
Hoare, John. Serms., 1815, Svo.
Hoare, Nicholas. Features of the Gospel, 1806, Svo.
Hoare, Peter Richard. Treatises on subjects of
Political Economy, 1811. "12, '13, '16. See Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
Hoare, Prince, 1755-1834, Secretary to the Royal
Academy, a p:nnter and dramatic author, b. in Bath,
England, wrote twenty plays, several treatises on the fine
arts. Memoirs of Granville Sharp, Esq.. A:c., pub. 1788-
1828. See Biog. Dramat. ; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Lon. Gent.
Mag., June, 1835.
Hoare, Richard. A Journal of his Shrievalty in
1740-41, from his own MS., Bath, 1815, r. 4to. Privately
printed by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart.
Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, Bart., 1758-1838, an
eminent antiquary, the eldest son of Sir Richard Hoare,
the first baronet, was the author of several valuable publica-
tions, some of the most important of which we have already
noticed. A list of his works, with a biography of the writer,
will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1838. We instance
HOB
the following: — 1. The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin
through Wales; trans, into English, and illustrated with
Views, Annotations, and a Life of (iiraldus, Lon., 1806, 2
vols. 4to. See Barry, Girald, p. 134. See also Edin.
Rev., viii. 399-413. 2. A Tour through the Isle of Elba,
1814, r. 4to. 3. A Classical Tour through Italy. 1819, 2
vols. 4to ; an ed. in 3 vols. Svo. See Eustace. John
Chetwopk, p. 563-564. 4. The History of Ancient Wilt-
shire, 1»10-21, 5 Pts. imp. f'd. ; often bound in 2 vols.,
£21 ; large-paper copies, £31 10*. Sir Richard now com-
menced, assisted by able coadjutors, The Modern History
of South Wiltshire, of which Pt. 1— The Hundred of Mere-
was pub. in 1822, and the last portion in 1843. Bound in
6 vols, fol, £42; large paper, £74. At tlie present date
(1856) only about 20 perfect copies remain in the hands
of the publishers, — Messrs. Nichols of Loudon. These ihey
offer at £30 for small paper; £60 for large-paper copies,
bound either in 5 very large vols, or in 12 smaller ones.
Sir Richard did not live to see this great work completed,
nor was he able to include, as he had designed, the mo-
dern history of North Wiltshire. May we not yet hope
for such a supplement as he would have rejoiced to see?
His principal assistants in the Modern History of South
Wiltshire were the Lord Aruudell of Wardour, the Rev.
John Offer ; H. Wansey, Esq. ; R. Harris, Esq. ; C. Bowles,
Esq.; AV. H. Black, Esq.; George Matcham. Esq., LL.D.,
of Newhouse; R. Benson, Esq.; H. Hatcher, Esq.; and
J. G. Nichols, Esq. We have already indicated our appre-
ciation of enlightened topographical investigations of this
character in our notice of George Baker's Hist, and Antiq,
of Northamptonshire, p. 103. Sir Richard collected a
museum of curiosities of great value: see Gent. Mag.,
1846, Pt. 1, 73. See also Dibdin's Lib. Comp. for an ac-
count of his library, of which he printed two partial cata-
logues,—Hist, and Topog. of Italy, 1812, r. Svo, Hist, and
Topog. of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, 1815,
Svo, — both privately printed for presents : 12 copies of the
former, 25 of the latter.
Hoare, Robert J, Fast Serm., 1807.
Hoare, Rev. William Heury, late Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge. 1. The Harmony of the Apo-
calypse, «tc., Lon., 1848. r. Svo. 2. Outlines of Eccles.
Hist, before the Reformation, 1852, ISmo.
Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief-Justice of the Court
of Common Pleas temp. James I. Reports in the reign of
K. JaniL'S I., with some lew Cases iu the reign of Q. Eliza-
beth, Lon., 1641, 4to; 1650. '71, '78, '83, fob New ed.,
with addits., by Edward Chilton, 1724, fol. 1st Amer.
from the last English ed., by Judge J. M. Williams, Bost.,
1829, Svo. The Amer. ed. is on the whole preferable to
the best English ed.— that of 1724: but Judge Williams
has unfortunat<;ly left out several cases which he deemed
of not muc-h importance to the American lawyer. This
omission is to be much regretted, and it involves the ne-
cessity of purchasing both eds. Professor Greenleaf con-
templated editing Hobart's Reports, but relinquished the
design and gave his notes to Judge Williams, who has
inserted them in the early part of his ed. See Judge
Story's Miscell. Writings, 1852, 274 ; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
389-390, and authorities there cited. An interesting
biographical notice of Judge Hobart will be found in
Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 162-167.
*' A most learned, prudent, and religious judge."' — Lord Coke.
"A great lo&s to the coramuuity.'' — ^^m IIknrk Spelmvn.
Hobart, John Henry, D.D., 1775-1830, a native of
Philadelphia, descended from Joshua Hobart. one of the
early settlers of Massachusetts Bay, graduated at Prince-
ton College, New Jersey, in 1793, and was appointed tutor
iu that institution in 1796; ordained by Bishop White in
1798, and stationed successively at Trinity Church, Ox-
ford, All-Saints' Church, Pequestan, Chri.st Church, New
Brunswick, a country parish at Hempstead, Long Island,
and at Trinity Church, New York ; elected Assistant Bishop
of New York, 1811 ; sole Bishop, 1S16. He was also Pro-
fessor of The()logy and Eloquence in the General Pro-
testant Episcopal Seminary. New York, of which he was
one of the principal founders. During his ministry at
Hempstead, Long Island, he married a daughter of the
Rev. Dr. Thomas B. Chandler, the well-known advocate of
Episcopacy in the early ecclesiastical annals of America,
(Tracts, pub. 1767-74.; 1. Companion for the Altar, N.
York, 1804; 13th ed., 1840, Svo. Edited by Rev. J. Col-
lingwood, Lon., 1849, 18mo. 2. Companion for the Festi-
vals and Fasts, N.York, 1S04; 21st ed., 1856, cr. Svo.
3. Apology for Apostolic Order. 1807. New ed., 1844, Svo.
Originally pub. as a reply to the comments of the Rev.
John M. Mason, in the Christian Magazine. 4. Charge to
S53
noB
'^^ ?<!'!F,'J^^^- J- ^'•''"' "f Departed Spirits, &(!., new '
od 1S46, 12mo. Originally .ippended to Nu. 4. C. Address
tu the hew lork Biljle and C. P. Boolt Society, 1815 7
Tbanksgivmg Sermon. 8. Address to the Eiiiseopal Mis-
sionary ooeiety, 1S17. 9. Communicant's Manual. 32mo.
10. Kevis.on of Claude on the Composition of a Sermon.
11. benns. on Redemption, &c., Lun., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo ;
N. York, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. 12. A Discourse comparing' the
U. Mates with England, Ac, 1826. 8vo ; 2 eds. pub. in N.
York ; Lon., 1826, '28, 8vo. The 2d N. York ed. has some
addit. notes. Ki. The Clergyman's Companion, edit, by Bp.
L. S. Ives, N. lork; newed., 1855, 12nio. 14. The Chris-
tian s Manual of Faith and Devotion, 1850, 12mo. 15. An
edit- of D'Oyly and Mant's Commentary on the Bible,
1818-20, 2 vols. 4to. Already noticed by us : see D'Ovlv
George, D.D., p. 518. l(i. Posthumous Works, with a
Memoir by Rev. Wm. Berrian, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo. See also
Ihe Larly, Professional, anil Closing Years of Bishop Ho-
bart, by Kev. John McVickar, Prot. Epis. Press; also 0.x-
iord, 1838, 8vo. with a Pref. containing a Hist, of the Ch in
America, by W F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. And see a
Memoir of Bishop Hobart, by Rev. Dr. Sehroeder, N. York
12mo. ' '
Bishop Hobart was a ze.ilous advocate for the necessity
of Episcopal ordination, and had (as we have seen) a con-
troversy on this subject with the Rev. John M. Mason D D
of ^ew\ork,andalso(in lSll)with the Rev. J. C. Jones'
an Episcopal clergyman. Dr. Mason's work, entitled
Claims to Episcopacy Refuted, in a Review of the Essays
01 Bp Hobart, Ac, was pub., Lon., 1838, ]2mu. with an
Introduction and Appendix, by the Rev. John Blackburn,
of Pentonville. '
''His Pastoral Charges in defence of the leadini; doctrines the
polity and orders, of the Christian Church, are verv°,Hrgnme„tatiTe
l^LZZT"'"''""^ much admired. . . . The writiugs of lip Hobart
have not been unappreciated in England. But his writiuKs a e
only a small portion of the services he rendered to his ge erftion
^a'teTbv D? nl ""' ■■''"■.''■■,"'.''■' to ^"te. His deeds arlTabynTr:
S/I =^ K ^"".-■"'v'' J"'^"''™' f'-'end and near connection of the
deceased Bishof."— Lowndes's Brit. Ub.. 656, 833.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1831 ; New Haven Chris.
Month. Spec, i.x. 79 ; by L. Bacon, ib. x. 142
Hobart, Neheiiiiali, 1648-1712, minister of Newton
Mass. pub .1 sorin. on The Absence of the Comforter.
Hobart, Noah, d. 1773, aged 67, minister of Fairfield
Conn., pub. several serms., Ac. 1747-61
Rp^'"""* m' ^•^\^- "^""'y*'^ "f ^^""^■■'= Analogy of
Keligion, N. York. ISmo.
Hobart, or Hobert. See Hubert.
Hobbes, James R. Picture Collector's Manual,
adapted to the Professional Man and the Amateur; bein^
a Dictionary of Painters. Lon.. 1849. 2 vols. 8vo. This is
a ^^liialde work. See Spooxer, Shearjashub, M D
Hobbes, .S. Trans, of Cornelius Shilander his Chi-
rurgerie. Ac, Lon., 1540, 4to
hn!^"^'^''^? h- ^'honias, 1588-1679, a native of Malmes-
bury A U»hire, where his father was minister, was edu-
len H„"l1 n' g''\'"'""-''f''»"l "fthat place, and at Magda-
T orP r' ?t ^" """^ ''" ''^'^•■'">« domestic tutor to
Lord Cavendish, son of the Earl of Devonshire, with
whom ho travelled in France and Italy. On his return he
became secretary to his ward, on his succeeding to his
fathers honours; but the death of the former, fn 1628
d.sso ved a connexion which had been maintained fo;
leaveL^'"'"''' ."""^ ""'''''' ""^ "^^^''^ P^^uadcd again to
Cn ton ?r,r!'f ."' "■ <^'^"P,'"'i°" '» ">e son of Sir G°ervase
Chfton. In 1631 he was solicited by the countess-dowager
of Devonshire to return to England and assume the care
of the young earl, then thirteen years of age, .and he com-
plied wih this request. This arrangement led to a third
visit to be Continent, where he resided with his new pupil
from 1634 to 1637. Hobbes again returned to Paris, from
political apprehensions, in 1641, and remained there until
after the publication of his Leviathan. In 1647 he was
appointed mathematical tutor to the Prince of WaleT
afterwards Charles II„) then resident in Paris. Aul',
the publication of his Leviathan, which appeared in 1651
he returned to England, and henceforth passed his sum
mers at the Earl of Devonshire's seat in Dcrbysh ire^rd
a^e^lTn'V u^- /" "'^' '"'^''"S ^•"'i°''d the great
age 01 86 he bade a last farewell to London, and reared
to the residence of his patron, the Earl of Devonshire, in
De byshire, to spend the rest of his days in seclusion.
Here be remained in "ease and plenty," devoting the
inorning to exercise and the afternoon to his studies "
until his death in 1679, in the ninety-seeond year of h s
age, and about soventy-two years from the date of his first
connexion with the illustrious family to three generations
HOB
n/ which he had been the object of affectionate care and
princely patronage. He was the intimate friend of Lord
Herbert ol Cherbury, Ben Jonson, and Lord Bacon, and
IS said to have assisted the latter in translating some of
Ills works into Latin. An interesting account of his habits
during his last years will be found in Bishop White Ken
nets Memoirs of the Cavendish Family, and detailed
notices of bis publications and literary controversies in
the authorities subjoined. Among the principal works of
this celebrated philosopher are— 1. Hist, of the Pelopoune-
"f";.,^^"' ^™- l^^S, -34, '76, fol.; 1723, 2 vols. 8vo.
™,> lUh H ;""?, "'"."u "'' T^ucydides. as he himself boasts, was
Jl "eStos r.-'-wV," "'l' "' POP"'-" i;»ver„ment."-S.E James
MM EiNTOsii : M Pi-dtm. Dissert, tu Encije. Brit
2 De Mirabilibus Peeci ; being the Wonders of the Peak
16o6, 6b Svo; 1670.410. In English and Latin, 1678,
1 B?o ; ^'"""e"'* Philosophia, sen Politica de Cive, Paris,
./.n vo ?^'n ,'"„P"™"' distribution. Pub., Amst., 1647,
50, 60, 69, 12mo. See No. 0. 4. Human Nature; or
the Fundamental Principles of Policy concerning the Fa-
culties and Passions of the Human Soul. Lon., 1650 '51
12mo. Ihis has been called the ablest of his writings!
See ^c 6. 5. De Corpore Politico; or, the Elements of
Law Moral and Politick, 1650, 8vo. See No 6 6 Le
viathan ; or the Matter. Forme, and Power of a Common-
TfiK.^ y, ■ ."'"'"r:' ""'^ •-'"■"'' '''^l' S™. f"l- I" Latin,
1668 4to; Amst. 1670, 4to. This work may be called an
amplification of Nos. 3. 4, and 5; and is "so constructed
as to form a complete digest of all his opinions, religious,
moral, and theological." S'"''»,
*l,'J 1° ]f^ ^X" '""'PH^ system of his philosophy was riven to
the world in the Leviathan. These three works [.\os. 36 anS 61
bear somewhat the same relation to one another that the .tdv uce^
ttev are \TX7,t'' '" '"'M""'"'-' !>- Augnientis Seientl unH
tney are in effect the same: the Sirme order of subjects the same
arguments, and in most places either the same words or su?h
variations as oe-curred to the second thoughts of the writer- but
much IS more copiously illustrated and more clearly put in the
at er than m the former, while much also, from wh- fe?er cause
'^uZ^%Txs°l S'-St"^' -odified.-_i/.««„,,. L.t']^^^
As regards politics, the Leviathan advocates the un-
limited power of princes ; the Leviathan is the boch politic,
which must be kept in chains : in point of morals, hfs pr n!
cipcs tend to "confound all distinctions between Hght
and wrong, and indirectly to undermine the foundations
of all religion, natural and revealed." Such doctrines
were hailed with delight by the advocates of despo iTm
and libertines of all classes were glad to find an apow";
ioveH'r'h ""'"' .'".■"" '/■■"-'''ings «f "■ philosopher who en-
joyed the reputation of a sage. The rapid circulation of
so dangerous a work elicited the watchful care of the
guardians of public morals and the press. An amnsin^
fot:"up';n U^stad''^^ '""'''''' "^ ''^"^ ^ ""P-P''"^
mi^|-i,5r^d'^a?t^trS^:!>:s;dt;t'^r
give 24s. at the second hand, and is sold for 30s.. it being a 1 ook
«ie Ihshop will not let be printed again."_&^(. 3,lmtr,^l7,
I «„ Jrf defenders were not backward in exposing the ab-
■', •T,fo"i'"""'"°™,"' tendency of such speculations:
Cudivorth was one of those whom Hobbes had roused bv the
i ^s:7£^ri^:ti,i!r'''' "' '"^ ''-i-''an."-(^.:^„^jij,»
I and we have already had occasion to notice his masterly
I I'.Jhl nV '^'"'^\^'' ""'it to notice Cumberland's Do
j Legibus Naturae, or Lord Clarendon's Survey of the Le-
viathan. But at the close of this article, where we shall
have something more to say respecting the character of
Hobbes s pohtlcal and moral philosophy, we .hall givea list
of^the principal opponents of his pernicious speculations.
' Ti,'' , " ■^""" ^'''"''ty ''"d Necessity. Lon.. 1654, 12mo
ihis elicited a controversy with Archbishop Bramhall (see
BnAM„ALL,JoH.x D.D., p. 238) and Bishop Lanev. Hobbes
pub. an account of his controversy with Bramhall, in 1656,
4to and of that with Laney, in 1670. 12mo. 8. Elementorum
Philosophise: Sectio prima, de Corpore, iv. partibus, 1655,
/ ', '°,„?o'''"''' "'^''' ■'t"^ Sectio secunda, 1657, 4to
Amst, 1668, 4to. This led to a twenty years' conlrovers;
between Hobbes and Dr. W.allis, Savilian Professor of
Geometry at Oxford, in which Hobbes m.ade himself the
laughing-stock of the mathematicians of the day, but
would never acknowledge his defeat. He declared that
he had discovered the quadrature of the circle, and all evi-
dence to the contrary was answered by the foulest personal
abuse. In defence of bis untenable position, he pub. a
number of treatises which gratified his spleen if they did
not convince his opponents. An account of this war will
HOB
be found in Disraeli's Qufirrels of Authors. 9. The Voyage 1
of Ulysses; or, Homer's Odysses. bocks ix., x., xi., xii., in !
English, Lon., 1674, 8vo. *10. The Iliads and Odysses of
Homer, in English, with a Pref., 1675, '77, 12mo. Of
this translation, condemned by Pope and Beattic, three
large edits, were called fur iu less than ten years.
"Ilis poetry, as well as Ogilby's, is too mean for criticism." — Pope.
Pope declares that Hcbbes continually lops off circum-
stances, and now and then omits whole similes and sen-
tences.
" Thoujrh called a trauslation of Homer, it does not even deserve
the name of poem." — Beattie's Essa;/ on Piietri/and Music.
Hobbes thus apologized for his translation :
"Why then did 1 write it? — Because I had nothiui; else to do.
Why publish it ? — Because I thouijht it mi;xht take off my adTer-
earies from shewing their folly upon my more serious writings."
— Bobhe.'i to the Header.
11. Decameron Phj'siologicum ; or, Ten Dialogues of
Natural Philosophy, &c., 167S. 8vo. 12. Vita Tliomaj
Hobbes; a Latin Poem, 1679, 4tu; in English verse, also
by himself, 16S0, ful. ; in prose, 1681. Svo; 1082, 4to :
Carolop., 1681, Svo ; 1682, Svo. This Life was written in
his 85th year. 13. Behemoth : the Hist, of the Civil
Wars uf England from 1640 to 1660, Lon., 1679, Svo.
"This history is in dialoj;ue. and full of paradoxes, like all his
other writings. Morephili^sophical. political, — or any thing, rather
than historical; yet full of shrewd observations." — Bishop War-
burton.
14. Historia Ecclesiastica Carmine Elcgiaco coneinnata.
Aug. Triuob., [/.e. London,] 16SS, Svo; iu English, entit.
a True Eccles. Hist, from Moses to Luther ; in verse, Ac.,
Lon., 1722, Svo.
"Auctor maxima contra Pontiff. Rom. ej usque potestatem
disputat. Patres Nicnenos acerbe perstringit, monstratque se ab
inditTerentismo religionum baud alienum est." — Walcu.
Hobbes had pub. in Amsterdam, in 106S, 2 vols. 4to,
Opera Philosophica quae Latine scripsit omnia. This is a
beautiful edit. There appeared in 1715, Lon., fol., his
Moral and Political Works, with Life. <tc., with a Supp.,
by Dr. Blackbourne, &c. But a complete collection of his
Works, now first collected and edited by Sir William Moles-
worth, Bart., M.P.. was pub. in 1839-45, 16 vols. Svo. £8;
or The English Works, in 11 vols.. £5 10*.; Latin Works,
in 5 vols., £2 Ss. The principal writers against Hobbes
are Lords Clarendon, Sbaftejibury, and Kames; Arch-
bishops Branihall and Tenison ; Bishops Cumberland,
Butler, Laney, and Lucy: Drs. Cudworth, Eachard, Par-
ker, Henry Muore, Hutcheson, and Samuel Clarke; Sir
James Mackintosh, James Harrington, Dugald Stewart,
Smith, and Brown. It is almost needless to state that
such an array of talent was hardly necessary for the con-
futation of the sophisms and absurdities which mingle so
strangely with the evidences of uncommon acumen and
philosophical shrewdness which so eminently distinguished
the intellectu.al speculations of this great writer. His in-
consistency was not confined to his writings; for he was
in the habit of the frequent reception of the eucharist,
■whilst promulgating opinions subversive of Christianity:
which reminds us of his declaration that " Holy Scripture
is the voice of God, ruling all things by the greatest right,"
whilst he yet taught men to cast the Scriptures to the winds
at the command of their earthly ruler.
'■ Thou'iht is free." he tells us ; " Itut when it comes to confession
of faith, the private reason must submit to the public, — that is to
say, to God's lieutenant." — De. Give; ^^viathan.
The mischievous effects of his doctrines in his own
generation are graphically described by Mr. Macaulay in
his History of England, now passing through the press,
(see vol. i. chap. 2 ;) and the philosophers of our own
day have confirmed the censure which rebuked the first
publication of his errors:
" Before dismissing the system of Hobbes. it may be worth while
to remark that all bis leading principles are traced by Cudworth
to the remains of the ancient sceptics, by some of wliom, as well
as by Ilobbes, they seem to have been adopted from a wish to flatter
the uncontrolled passions of sovereigns." — Dugald Stewakt: \st
i'rclim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
"liobbes having thus struck the affections out of his map of
human nature, and having totally misunderstood (as will appear
in a succeeding part of this Dissertation) the nature even of the
appetites, it is no wonder that we should find in it not a trace of
the moral sentiments. Moral good he considers merely as con-
sisting in the signs of a power to produce pleasure; and repent-
ance is no more than regret at having mis-sed the way; so that,
according to this system, a disinterested approbation of and re-
verence for virtue are no more possible than disinterested affec-
tions towards our fellow-creatures." — Sir James Mackintosh : 2d
Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
" The political system of Ilobbes, like his moral system, of
which, in fact, it is only a portion, sears up the heart. It takes
away the sense of wrong, that has consoled the wise and good in
their dangers, the proud appeal of innocence under oppression,
like that of Prometheus to the elements, uttered to the witnessing
world, in coming ages, to the just ear of lleaven. It confounds
HOB
the principles of moral approbation, the notions of good and ill
desert, in a servile idolatry of the monstrous Leviathan it createa,
and. after sacrificing all right at the altar of power, denies to the
Omnipotent the prerogative of dictating the laws of his own wor-
slijp," — HaUanCs Lit. Hi&t. of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 542.
See also an able review of the writings of Hobbes, in
the Brit. Quar. Rev., vi. 155-188; and respecting our au-
thor generally, in addition to the authorities just cited,
consult Biog. Brit.; General Diet.; Burnet's Own Times;
Blount's Censura Celcbriorum Authorum; Life, prefi.xed to
Wood's Annals; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oson.; Leiand's
Deistical Writers; Aubrey's Letters, 1813, 3 vols. Svo;
Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brucker'a
Hist. Philos. ; Cousin's Course of the Hist, of Mod. Philos. ;
Mill's Logic; Brougham's Polit. Philos. ; Morell's Hist,
of Mod. Philos.; Butler's Lects. on Ancient Philos.;
Blakey's Hist, of Philos.; Lewes's Biog. Hist, of Philos.;
Landor's Imaginary Conversations ; Cunningham's Biog.
Hist, of Eng.; McCuUoch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. ; Black-
wood's Mag., xvii. 736; xix. 5S3 ; xxl, 205; xxviii. 646;
xxix. 775, S48.
A man of such remarkable mental ability and uncom-
mon intellectual force could not but command a respectful
hearing, even from those who the most deeply regretted the
mischievous character of his speculations. His most illua-
trious opponent approaches the lists not without undis-
guised hesitation :
" Mr. Hobbes is one of the oldest friends I have in the world,
and for whom I have always had a great esteem, as a man who,
besides his eminent learning and knowledge, has been always
thought a man of probity and free from scaudal ; but wht-n I re-
flected upun the mischievous principles scattered through his
Leviathan. I felt myself obliged to make these animadversions
upon it." — Clarcnd"7i's xSuriri/, p. 3.
An eminent prelate, and a most unscrupulous "man of
war from his youth," displays no indisposition to allow
the philosopher all that he could justly claim :
" Here let us do justice to that great man's memory, at a time
when his writings seem to be entirely neglected- who, with all his
errors, we must allow to be one of the first men of his .ige for a
briglit wit, a deep penetration, and a cultivated understanding."
— Bishop Warbukton.
Mr. Mill, who was one of the first to call the attention
of modern readers to the writings of this philosopher,
remarks :
" Hobbes is a great name in philosophy, on account both of the
value of what he taught, and the extraordinary impulse which he
communicated to the spirit of Free Inquii-y in Europe."
To the same effect, Mr. Hallam observes :
'■In uolhing does Hobbes deserve more credit than in having
set an example of close observation in the philosophy of the hu-
man mind." — Lit. Hist, of Europe.
Mr. Macaulay, also, referring to the young men of dis-
tinguished talents who were sometimes the companions of
Bacon's retirement, remarks that
'• Among theui his quick eye soon discerned the superior abilities
of Thomas Hobbes. It is not probable, however, that he fully ap-
preciated the powers of his disciple, or foresaw the vast intluenco
both for good and evil which that most vigorous and acute of hu-
man intellects was destined to exercise on the two succeeding
generations." — Edin. Rev., July. 1S37 ; and in the Essays, ii. 193.
Again, in the History of England, the same learned
critic tells us that
'* Thomas Hobbes had, in language more precise and luminous
than has ever been employed by any other metaphysical writer,
maintained that the will of the prince was the standard of right
and wrong." — Vol. i. chap. 11.
''Thomas Ilobbes. a man of much learning, more thinking, and
not a little knowledge of the world, was one of the most celebrated
and admired authors of bis age. His style is incomparably better
than that of any other writer in the reign of Charles I., and was,
I for its uncommon strength and purity, scarce equalled in the suc-
ceeding reign." — Granger: Bir^. Hist, of Eng.
I The popularity of this writer was undoubtedly greatly
I owing to this remarkable purity of style :
] '"A permanent foundation of his fame remains in his admirable
I style, which seems to be the very perfection of didactic language.
' Short, clear, precise, pithy, his language never has more than one
j meaning, which it never requires a second thought to take. By
j the help of his exact method it takes so firm a hold on the mind,
1 that it will not allow attention to slacken." — Sib James Mackin-
tosh : 7tbi supra.
\ "His language is so lucid and concise, that it would be almost
■ as improper to piit an algebraical process in different terms as
; some of his metaphysical paragraphs." — Hallam : nbi supra.
As a political economist, also, the claims of our author
are not to be forgotten :
" Hobbes seems to have been one of the first who had any thing
like a distinct perception of the real source of wealth." — JlcCuJr
loch's Lit. of Polit. Ecoit.., q. v.
With such powers for extensive usefulness to his race,
bow melancholy is it to be obliged to record of this great
philosopher, in the language of Hume, (certainly not a
suspicious witness,) that
'■ Hobbes's politics are fitted only to promote tyranny, and his
ethics to encourage licentiousness." — Hist, of England, Bowyer't
€d.,iY. 669.
855
HOB
HOD
Hobbs, Stephen, Margarita. Chirurgica, Lon., 1610,
12mo. In En^di^h.
Uobby, \Villiam, minister of Rending, Mass., d.
1765, atred 57, pub. a serm. aud several theolog. treatises,
1745, '46, '47, '51.
Hobby. See IIoby.
Uobhouse, Sir Benjamin, 1757-1831, M.P., edu-
cated at Brazenoee College. Oxford, was from 1797 to 1818
a distinguished member of the House of Commons, and
filled several important posts. 1. Treat, on Hereby, Lon.,
1792, 8vo. 2. Reply to Randolph's Lett, to Dr. Priestley,
Ac., 1793, 8vo. 3. Enquiry rel. to crime of Compassing,
Ac. the King's Death, 1795, 8vo. 4. Remarks on several
Parts of France, Italy, &c., 1783-85. Rath, 1796, 8vo. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. and Dec. 1831.
Hobhouse, Sir John Cain, M.P., .son of the pre-
ceding, was created a peer in 1851, by the title of Lord
Broughton. 1. Imitations and Trans, from the Classics,
with orig. Poems. Lon., 1809, 8vo. 2. Journey through
Albania and other Provinces of Turkey, with Lord Byron,
1812, 4to ; 2d ed., 1813. 2 vols. 4to ; with col'd plates, £5 5s.
" An aei-nunt which, iulerestiug from its own excellence in every
merit (hat should adorn such a work, becomes ?till more so from
tbefeelinj; that Lord Byron is, as it were, present throu'jb itspaiius,
and that we there follow his first youlhful footsteps into the land
with whriFp name be has intertwined his own forever." — Moort's
Life f>f Bijron.
See Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 175-203; Stevenson's Voyages
and Travels ; Dibdin's Lib. Coinp.
The 3d ed. of the Journey through Albania, Ac. made
its appearance in 1856. 2 vols. Svo ; £1 ll)«.
*'Mr. Hobhouee'B account of the country, as it was the first, ia
Btill the best that we poeecss." — Lon. Lit. Gazette., 1866.
3. Last Reign of Napoleon, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. 4. His-
torical Illustrations of the fourth Canto of Childe Ilarold,
1818, 8vo.
"He[Loid Byron]talked in termsof high commendation of the
talents and acquirements of Mr. Uobhouse." — Lady Blessingtoyi's
Conversations uuth Lord Byron.
" My friend II. is the most entertaininf; of companions, and a
fine fellow to boot.'' — Lord Byron: M>ore^^ Life of Byrrm^ q. v.
See also Blackw. Mag., xvii. 143 ,■ xxvii.425: x.x.w. 63;
Hobhouse's art. on Lord Byron, in Westminster Review;
Dr. R. S. Mackenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambrosian^, N. York,
1855; hised. uf The O'Doherty Pap.. 1855. An article on
Sir John, with a portrait, will be found in Fraser's Mag.,
xiii. 56S; see also Blackw. Mag., xxiv. 375; xxvi. 252;
xxix. 654, 663 ; xxxiii. 425 ; xxxvii. 442 ; xli. 840; Btoon.
Hobhouse, Thomas. 1. Elegy to the Memory of
Dr. Samuel Jidinson, Lon.. 1785, 4to. 2. Kingestown Hill;
a Poem, 1784, 4to. Anon. 2d ed.. with author's name, 1787.
Hobler, F. Liber Mercatoris; or, the Merchant's
Manual, Lon., 1838, fp. Svo. On Bills of Exchange, Ac.
See 2 Jurist, 352.
Hobler, F,, Jr. 1. Exerci.^es between an Attorney
and his Clerk, being the 1st Book of Cuke upon Littleton,
Ac, ; 3d ed.. Lon., 1847, 12mo. 2. Practical Treat, on Bills
of Exchange, fp. Svo,
"A safe guide to the unpractised traveller, as well as of utility
to the man of business." — Lfiu- Tinux.
Hoblyn, Richard D. 1. Manual of Chemistry.
Lon., 1841, fp. Svo. 2. Manual of the Steam Engine,
1842, 12mo. 3. Diet, of Medical Terms, 2d ed., 1844,
12mo ; 7th ed., 1855, 12rao. Amer. eds.. by Isaac Hayh,
il.D.,^. I'., p. 809. 4. Treat, on Chemistry, 1844, 12mo.
" This is an excellent compendium." — Lun. Lancet.
h. Diet, of Scientific Terms, 1849, 12mo. 6. British
Plants, 1851, 12mo. 7- Treat, on Botany, 1851, 12mo.
Hobson, Capt. Fallacy of Infant Baptism, Lon.,
1645, 4to.
Hobsou, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 17S7, '90,
both 8vo.
Hobson, Joseph. Wonderful Increase of the Seeds
of Plants, e.g. of the Upright Mellon; Phil. Trans., 1742.
Hobson, L. J« Circulation of the Scriptures, 1812.
Hobsou, Paul. Extent of Christ's Death, Lon.,
1655, Svo.
Hobson, Samuel. Theolog. treatises. Lon., 1S48-50.
Hobson, Thomas. Christianity, Lon., 1745, 4to.
Hoby, Sir Edward, entered of Trin. Coll., Oxford,
1574, a man of great learuing, was the son of Sir Thomas
Hoby. He pub. Purgatorie's Triumph over Hell, 16(t9,
4to, and several other theolog, treatit^es; for an account
of which, aud their .author, see Bliss's Wood's Allien. Oxon.,
ii. 194-197. He was a friend of Camden, who dedicated
his Ilibernia to him.
Hoby, Sir Thomas, father of the preceding, and
ambas.-^ador for Queen Elizabeth to France, trans. Casti-
glione's Cortegiano into English, under the title of The
Courtyer of Covut Baldessar Caslilio, Lon., 1501, '88, 4to j
856
and also trans, the Gratulatjon, Ac. of Bucer into Eng-
IieK, sine anno, Svo. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. 0.\on., i.
352-353. Respecting the first-named work, Sir John
Cheke wrote Hoby an interesting epistle, in which he
gently censures his use of foreign words.
Iloccham, William of. See Occaw.
Hocclevc, or Oceleve, Thomas, an earlv English
poet, a lawyer, and writer to the privy-seal, i^ supposed
to have been born about 1370. and to have died in 1454.
Some of his poems were pub. (never before printed) in
1796, 4to, by Mr. George Mason, from a MS. in his pos-
session. The Story of Jonathan has been thought his
best poem.
'* After the death of Chaucer, in 1400, a dreary blank of lonj:
duration occurs in our annals. The poetry of Iloctleve is
wretchedly bad. almunding with pedantry, and de.stitute of all
grace or spirit."' — I/allam'.'; Lit. Hist, of Europe.
See also Pref. to Mason's edit. ; AVarton's Hist, of Eng.
Poet. ; Nott's Dissert, subjoined to the 2d vol. of his
Wyatt and Surrey; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Hochin. orHocKin, Rev. John Pearce. Keates's
Account of the Pellew Islands, 5th ed., Lon., 1S03, 4to.
Hochsteller, C, Lutheran pastor, T<iledo, Ohio.
Ob Gotles AVort oder Menschen Meinung gelten soil in
der Lehre vjm heiligen Abendrnahle, N. York, 1856.
Hodden, Richard. The one Good M'ay of God,
Lun., 1661, 4to.
Hodder, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1661, '87, Svo.
Hoddesdou, Henry. Armory against Satan, Lon.,
1616, Svo.
Iloddesdon, John. 1. Sion and Parnassus, Ac.,
Lon.. 165U, Svo. 2. Tbo. Mori, Vita et Exitus, 1652, Svo.
Hodg^e. The Scot's Colony at Darien, 1699, Svo.
Hodge, A. Letters belonging to a System of Book-
keeping and Accounts, 1812,
Hodp;e, Charles, D.D., an eminent theologian, b. in
Philadelphia. Dec. 2S, 1797. Professor of Biblical Litera-
ture in the (Presbyterian) Theological Seminary at Prince-
ton, New Jersey, has been connected with that institution
as a professor since 1822, and acted as editor of the Biblical
Repertory and Princeton Review since its establishment
in 1825. 1. Comment, on the Epistle to the Romans; de-
signed for Students of the English Bible, Phila., 1835,
Svo. Abridged, 1836. Kepriiit of the Abridgt, by the
Lon. Rel. Tract Soc, 1837, '53, 12mo.
"Omitting a few sentences of a local nature."
Repub. in the Edin. Christian's Fireside Library, 1854,
12mo; 15th Amer. ed., Phila., 1856.
" Very usefuV—Bickastit/rs C. S.
" A book on which the Christian world, both in Europe and
America, has pl.iced the stamp of approval." — Watchman and Ob-
sarter. Richmrmdy Va.
2. Questions to the Epistle to the Romans, designed to
accompany the Commentary, 1842, ISmo ; 10th ed., 1S55,
ISmo. 3. Constitutional Hist, of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States, 1840. 2 vols. Svo. 4. The Way of
Life, ISmo. Pub. by the Amer. S. S. Union. Repub. by
the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc, 1842, ISmo; 30th Amer. ed.,
Phila., 1856. 5. What is Prcsbyterianism ? an Address
delivered before the Presbyterian Historical Society,
1855, 18mo. 6. A Commentary on the Epistle to the
Ephcsians, N. York, 1S56, Svo.
" As the reputation of Dr. Hodge as a Biblical scholar and theo-
logian has already been fully established, we need only announce
a new work fiom his pen to insure its ready reception. His
Commentary en the Ephesians displays the I'ipe scholarship, the
con%'incing exegesis, and the practicjil development, which im-
parted such value to his exposition of the Epi-stle to the Uomans.
It is a book fur the study of the scholar, and yet most happily
adapted for the instruction of general readers, by whom it shoidd
be promptly purchased. While we do not regard auy man as in-
fallible, we know of no one who is a safer guide to the study of
the Scriptures than J'rofessor Hodge." — Presbyterian.
7. Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians,
N.Y., 1S57. 12mo : see Alexander. Joseph Addison, D.D.
8. Reviews and Essays selected from the Princeton Review,
N.Y.. 1857. Svo. See Home's Bibl. Bib. for a descriptive
account of the valuable periodical for so many years con-
ducted by Dr. Hodge. — The Biblical Repertory and Prince-
ton Review. The Biblical Repertory was pub. 1825-29 inc.;
since then it has been a theolmrical Quarterly, entitled The
Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review. Selections from
this journal have been pub. in two vols., N.Y., Svo, entitled
Princeton Theological Essays. One of the volumes was
repub. in Scotland.
Hod^e, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1751. 2. Serm., 1751, Svo. 3. XX. Serms. on the Evi-
dences of the Christian Religion, 1758, Svo. 4. LIL Dis-
courses on the Evidences of tho Christian Religion, 1758,
Svo.
HOD
HOD
"A valunhle set of disrourses. They are written in a compre-
hensive, judicious, and nervous manner, and have Vteen hii^hly
spolveii of by good judges." — W.vlteu Wilson,
" From the Extracts we have given, they shew the Author to
be no mean defender of Christianity," — Lon. Month. Rev.
5, Serm., 17ea, Svo.
Hodge, Paul R. 1. Principle? and Application of
the Steam Lnjiine, Lnn,, 4lo. 2. Treat, on E.vpansive
Steam Eiij^ine, with plates, 1S49, 4to; £;i 3«, plain; £4
4s, col'd; Amer. ed., N, York, letter-pres.=, Svo, plates,
fol., $>S, A most useful work, which no one interested in
steamers slmuld Ije without. 3, Hydraulic Table for the
use of Kngiuecrs, Lon., IS (9.
Hodges, A. D. Genealogical Record of the Hodges
Family in New England, Bost., 1854, Svo,
Hotlges, James. Tracts on Polit. Economy, <tc.,
1697-1710,
Hodges, Charles. Original Poems, Ac, Munich,
1826, 12mo,
Hodges, N. \V. Masonic Fragments, Lon., 12mo,
Hodges, Nathaniel, M,D., d. 1684, was noted for
his professional services during the plague in London in
166o. 1. Vindiciae Medicinge et Medicorum, Lon,, 1660,
Svo. 2. Aoi/ioAoyia, sive Pestis nuperae apnd ptvpulum
Londinenscm gra^santis Narratio historica, 1672, Svo. A
trans, into English, by John Quincy, M,D,, was pub. iu
1721, Svo, An account of the plague, by Hodges, also,
appeared in a Collect, of Pieces on tlje subject, 1721, Svo.
Hodges's descriptions are of great value.
'• lie obtained a great name and practice among the citizens."
— Bliss's Wtjud's Aihen. Oxoti. iv. 149, q. v. See also Genl. Diet, ;
Kees's Cyc,
Hodges, Phineas. Strictures on the Elementa
Medicini*' of Dr. Brown, Goshen, 1795, Svo. See Brown,
John, M.D., p. 2oS.
Hodges, Uichard. 1. Speciiil Help to Orthogra-
phic, Lon., 1643, 4fo. Hodges was the Noah Webster of
his day, and anticipated the modern spelling of many
words. 2. Writing of English, 1649, 12mo.
Hodges, Thomas. Fast Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Hodges, Thomas, Rector of Kensington. Jliddle-
sex. 1. Funl. .<erm., Lon,, 1655, 4to, 2, Serm.. 1661), 4to.
Hodges, Thomas, Rector of Souldern Serms, and
theolug. treatises, 1656-S5.
Hodges, Thomas Law, M.P. The Use and Ad-
Tantage of Pearson's Draining Plough, Lon., 1S40. See
Donaldson's Agricult. Bir»g.
Hodges, W. Hist. Acct. of Ludlow Castle, Lon.,
1794, ISd.i, Svo,
Hodges, Walter, D.D., a Hutchinsonian divine,
Provost of Oriel College, O.tford. 1, Elihu: or, an In-
quiry into the principal Scope and Design of Ihc Book of
Job, Lon., 1750, 4to; 1751, Svo; 3d ed,, 1756, 12mo. An
ed,, Dubl,, 1756, Svo.
"The chief design of this curious work is to show that Elihu
is the Son of God: a discovery which the author imagines thi-ows
great liglij on the whole book, and solves all the controversies
which have been agitated respecting its doctrines." — Ormt's Bibl.
Bib.
See also Warburton's Letters to Kurd, p. 22 ; Lon,
Month, Rev., 0. S., ii. 219-225, 347-352. 2. The Chris-
tian Plan exhibited in the Interpretation of Elohim, 1752,
4to: 2d ed., 1755, Svo. See Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i, 1504,
Hodges, Wickens, Surgeon, Funesta, Passionis
BiaciE Historia, Partiumque Morbosorum post Mortem,
Anatomia. Vide Memoirs Med,, 1799,
Hodges, Wm. Tracts rel. to Seamen, Ac, Lon.,
1694, '95, '96, '99,
Hodges, VVm. 1. Select Views in India, 1780-83,
Lon., 1788, 2 vols. imp. fol. 2. Travels in India in 1780-
83, 4to, 1793.
Hodges, Wm., of the Inner Temple. Barristcr-at-
Law. 1. Reports C. Pleas, Hil, to Mich, 1S35, Lon,, 1835,
Svo. 2. Do., H, T, 1835 to M. T. 1837, 3 vols, Svo, 1836-
39. 3. Law of Assess, of Railways, Ac, 1843, 12mo. 4.
Stat. Law rel. to Railways in Eng. and Ire., 1845, Svo.
5. Law rel. to Railways, Ac, 1847, Svo. Amer. ed. now
(1856) in course of preparation at Phila.
Hodgkin, John. Calligraphia Gra;ca et Pa>cilo-
graphia Graica. Lon.. 1807, sm. fol. Also works on Gram-
mar, Geograpliy, and Astronomy.
Hodgkin, Lt. Thomas, R.N. Naval Discipline, 1813.
Hodgkin, Thomas, M.D., of Guv's Hospital. 1.
Preserving Health, 2d ed., Lon., 1841. 12mo. 2. Morbid
Anatomy, Svo : Vol, I,, Serous Membranes ; Vol. II., Pt.
1, 1840, Mucous Membranes.
"It is in every respect an excellent production." — Brit, and
Ibr. tied. Iter., July, 1837.
Hodgkius. E. Mercantile Letters, Lon., 1S08, 12mo.
Hodgkins, George. Methode Pratique, Ac, Lon.,
1813, 12mo, This is a reprint of Ciret's Eng, Grammar,
with a<Idits.. Ac.
Hodgskin, Thomas. Travels in the North of Ger-
many, Edin., 1820, 2 vols. Svo,
"Mr. II. has gi\en us much information on the agriculture,
state of society, political institutions, m.anners. &c,; intersper.^ed
with remarks, not in the l>est taste or indicating the soundest
judgment and principles. * — Stevensnn's Voyages and Travels.
" The author of these tomes is a man of no small self conceit,"
. — Blad.wfX'd's Mag., vi. 536-542; a severe review of the book,
Hodgson. Lett. rel. to a Fishery; 2d eil., 1787, Svo.
Hodgson. Con. to Med. Cliir. Trans,, 1S13.
Hodgson, Adam, of Liverpool, England. Remarks
during a Journey through N. America in 1819-21, Ac.
Collected, arranged, and pub, by Saml. Whiting, N, York,
1823, 8vo, pp. 355 ; Lon,, 1824, 2 vols, Svo.
*■ His book is creditable to his heart .and his principles ; we should
be glad if as much could be said of his discretion and judgment."
— Jared SrAnKS: N. Amer. Rev., xviii. '221-234. q. v.
And see art, America, by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin.
Rev,, xl, 427-442; and in Smith's Works, Lon,, 1854, ii.
366-385.
Hodgson, Bernard, LL.D,, Principal of Hertford
College, 1. Solomon's Song ; trans, from the Hebrew,
0.xf, 1785, 4to.
" In this work the literal meaning only of Solomon's Song is
illustrated, there being not the slightest allusion to its nii/stical
meaning. An account of it, with extracts, may be seen in the
Montblv Review. (O, 8..) vol, Ixxvi., pp. 26-29." — Home's Bibl. Bib.
See Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. The Proverbs of Solomon; trans, from the Hebrew,
with Notes, 1788, 4to.
" The translations of the learned Principal throw light on many
passages." — Orme's Bibl. Bih.
" The notes are not numerous, and. we must say, not very im-
portant."— Lon. Month. Rev.. N. A'., v. 2i(4.
3, Ecclesiastes : a new Trans, from the original Hebrew,
Lon,, 1791,4(0, See Lon. Month, Rev., N.S„ i.x, 59 ; Home's
Bill], Bib., 1839, 2S2-283 ; Orme's Bibl, Bib., 1824, 242-243.
Hodgson, Christopher. 1. Instruc, for the use of
Candi<lates for Holy Orders, Ac, 1S18, Svo; 7th ed., 1850,
Svo, 2. Augmentation of Small Livings, Ac, 1826, Svo;
2d ed., 1845, Svo. Mr. H. has also pub. several serms.
and theolog, treatises.
Hodgson, E. Reports of Trials at Old Bailey, 1790-91.
Hodgson, Francis, Provo.^t of Eton College, and
Rector of Cotlesford, Cxford, d. 1852, aged 71, well known
as the friend of Lord Byron, pub, a trans, of Juvenal, 1808,
4to; Poems, 1809, Svo; Mythology for Versification, 4
edits,; Sacred Lyrics, 1842, 12mo; Lyricorum Sacrorum,
1850, Svo ; and some other works. See Lon. Gent. Mag.,
April, 1.S53; Moore's Life of Byron,
Hodgson, Francis, D.D., of the Penn.sylvania Me-
thodist Conference. ]. An E.\am, into the System of New
Divinity, or New School Theology, N, Y'ork, 2. The Ec-
clesiastical Polity of Methodism Defended, ISmo, 3, The
Calvinistic Doctrine of Predestination Examined and
Refuted, Philadelphia, 1855, 18mo,
Hodgson, George. Letter to the Inhabitants of St.
Marygate, Ac, York, 1S36, Svo.
Hodgson, H. J. 1. Analyt. Digest of the State rcl.
to Orders of Removal, Lon., 1845, 12mo. 2. Rating of
Railways, 1851. ]2mo.
Hodgson, Rev. Henry, M,D, 1. Letters on Popery,
1778, Svo. 2. Serms., 1778, Svo. 3. Effusions in Verse
and Prose, 1779, Svo.
Hodgson, Isaac. 1. Grammar, 1770, '96, 12mo.
2. Serm., 1S04,
Hodgson, James, master of the Royal Mathemat.
School in Christ's Hospital, 1, Treat, on Navigation, 1766,
4to. 2. Matheniaticks, 1723, 2 vols, 4to. 3. Fluxions,
1736, 4to. 4. Annuities, 1747, Svo. 5. Theory of Ju[>iter'3
Satellites, 1750, 4to, 6, Chronology, 7. Astronom, papers
in Pliil. Trans., 1731-49.
Hodgson, John. Report of the Trial of Wemms,
Ac. B..st., 1770, Svo.
Hodgson, John. Ancient Cornelian : Archa?ol., 177^
Hodgson, John. 1, Poems, Lon., 1807, Svo. 2. Seim.,
1812.
Hodgson, or Hodson, John, D.D. Serms., 1819,
Gla-g., both Svo,
Hodgson, John. Funl. Serm,, Lon., 1S20, Svo.
Hodgson, John. Memoirs of the Lives of Gibson,
J. llarle. J. Horsley, and W. Turner, Newc, 1821, sm. Svo.
100 copies privately printed for the author.
Hodgson, John. Hist, of Northumberland, 4to,
and large paper, r. 4to : vol, i,, Pt, 2, 1827; Pt. 3. 1S20 :
vol. ii., Pt. 3, 1832 : Pt. 3, 1823 : vol. iii., Pt. 2, 1841 ; Pt.
3, 1835, (incomplete.)
HOD
Hodgson, Joseph, Surgeon. \. Diseases of the
Arteries and Veins, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 2. Engravings to
do.. 1«15, 4lo.
Hodgson, Lucas, M.D. Fire in a Coal Mine : Phil.
Trans., 1676.
Hodgson, Read. Honest Man's Companion, New-
castle-u]:.on-T.vne, 17.36, Svo. Very rare. Mr. Brand, the
hi.stiirian of Newcastle, was unable to procure a copy.
Hodgson, Uobert, D.D,, Dean of Carlisle, 1S20, d.
1844, was a nephew of Bishop Porteus. 1. Serm., Lon.,
'1803, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1804, 4to. 3. Serm., 1807. 4. Serm.,
1811. 6. Serm., 1816. 6. Serm., 1842. 7. Life of Bp.
Porteus, 1811, Svo. 8. Vl'orks of Bp. Porteus, 1816, 6
vols. Svo.
Hodgson, Stndhome, Capt. 19th RegLof Foot, R..\.
Truths Irom Ihc West Indies, Lon., 1S3S, p. Svo. This
work and B. Mc Jlahon's Jamaica Plantership (1839, 12mo)
are described as
" Birds of a feather; books manufactured on the same model;
furious attacks on the planters, enlivened with horrors to suit all
appetites." — Lun. AUien(PJim, 1839, p. 131.
Hodgson, Thomas. Reports of Trials; both 181 2,8vo.
Hodgson, Wni.,M.D. 1. Commonwealth of Reason,
Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. System of Nature, 1795, Svo. 3. Temple
of Apollo; Poems, 1796, 8vo.
Hodgson, Wni. French (Grammars, 1S17, 'IS.
Hodgson, \V m., Jr., of Philadelphia. An Exami-
nation of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Gurney,
Phila., lSo6.
Hodius. Anglice Hody.
Hodskinson, Joseph. Instructions to Farmers rel.
to Arable Lands, &c., Lon., 1796, Svo.
"tteneial directions on various points of occurrence." — Dcmald-
son's Agricult. }ii<'ff.
Hodsou, l'"iodsham, D.D., Principal of Brazenose
Coll., Oxf. Eternal Fdiation of the Sou of God, 1796, Svo.
Hodson, George, Archdeacon of Stnflbrd. 1. 12
Serms. on Christian Temper, Ac, Lon., 1S28, '29, 12mo.
2. 27 Discourses. Birming., Svo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
915. Other publications.
Hodson, James, M.D. Theolog. treatises, 17S7-1S01.
Hodson, John, D.D. See Hodcsom.
Hudson, Mrs. Margaret, formerly Miss Holford,
a daughter of Mrs. M. Holford, ( post,) of Chester. England.
1. WalliLce, or the Flight of Falkirk; a Poem, Lon.. ISOU,
4to; ISIO, Svo. Anon. 2. Miscellaneous Poems, ISll, Svo.
3. Margaret of Anjou; a Poem in 10 cantos, 1S16, 4to.
The poems of this lady have been admired.
Hodson, I'hineas, D.D. Serm., Ps. xxvii. 4, Lon.,
162S. 4to.
Hodson, Septimus, Rector of Thrapston. 1. Serm.,
Lon., 1789, Svo. 2. Serms., 1792, Svo.
'•Contain many just observations and useful reflections." —
Lon. Month. Rt:v.
3. High Price of Provisions, 1795, Svo. 4. 2 Discourses,
1795, Svo.
Hodson, Thomas. Remarks on Medical Advice, by
Philip Stone, M.D., Lon., 1784, Svo.
Hodson, Thomas. 1. Cabinet of the Arts, 1803-06,
4to. 2. The Accomplished Tutor; or. Complete System
of Education, 2 vols. Svo.
Hudson, W. Fables in Prose and Verse, 1801, 12n)o.
Hudson, Wm. 1. Trac. on XL Art. Apostles' Creed,
Lon., l(;3fi, 12mo. 2. Credo Resurrectionem Carnis, 1636.
Hodson, Wm., Vice-Masterof Trin. Coll., Cambridge,
d. 1793. 1. Ded. of Solomon's Temple; a Poetical Essay,
Lon.. 1772, 4to. 2. Observ. on Greek Tragedy.
Hody, Kdward. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1735.
Hody, Humphrey, 1659-1706, a native of Odcombe,
Somerset, entered of Wadham College, Oxford, 1676, and
chosen Fellow, 1684; Rector of St. Michael's, London,
1693 ; Prof, of Greek in Univ. Oxford, 1698 ; Archdeacon
of Oxford, 1704. His most noted works are the following: —
1. Dissertation against Aristeus's Hist, of the Seventy-two
Interpreters, 1680; Oxon., 1684, Svo.
'* Written in opposition to Isaac Vossius, and completely suc-
ceeds in destroyinii; the creditof the lying table of the Jew respect-
ing the Septuagint." — Orme's Bill. Bib.
Vossius attacked this work in an Appendix to his Pom-
ponius Mela, and Hody responded when he pub. a new
ed. of his Dissertation in his De Bibliorum Tcxtibus Ori-
ginalibus. See No. 5. 2. Prolegomena to John Malela's
Chronicle, printed at Oxford, 1C91, Svo. The Prolegomena
was written in 1689. 3. Hist, of English Councils and
Convocations, ic, Lon., 1701. Svo. 4. The Resurrection
of the same Body asserted. 1694, Svo. 5. De Bibliorum
Tcxtibus Originalibus, versionibus Grsecis, et Latina Vul-
gata, Libri Quatuor, Oxon., 1705, fol.
858
noF
" This is the classii-al work on the Septungint. . . . Among the
wVatis on the Septuayint version, no one has displayed either
more knowledge of the subject or more critical sagacity than
Hody." — Bishop Mabsh.
•' It examines with great accuracy, and discus.ses with much
learning and ability, every question relating to the age, tho
authors, the character and progress of that celebrated version.
All subsequtat writers have been greatly indebted to this work
ot Hody."— Orme'i BM. Bib. See Home's Bibl. Bib.
6. De Grsecis lUustribus Lingua; Graeca instauratoribus,
Ac, Lon., 1742, Svo. Posth. Pub. from Body's MSS. by
Dr. S. Jebb. This erudite work contains an iiccount of
those learned Grecians who retired to Italy about the time
, of the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, and re-
stored the Greek tongue and learning in those western
parts.
I " Hody was perhaps the first who threw much light on the early
studies of Greek in Italy; and his book, De tiiatis illustiibus
lingua; tirjeca' instauratoribus, will be read with pleasure and ad-
vantage by every lover of literature; though Mehus. who came
with more exuberant erudition to the subject, has pointed out a
few errors. But more is to be found as to its native cultivators,
Hody being chiefly concerned with the Greek refugees, in Bayle's
Fabricius, Niceron, Mehus, Zeno, Tiraboschi, Meiners, Hoscoe,
Heeren, Shepherd, Corniani, Ginguene. and the Biographie
Universelle, whom I name in chronological order."— ifeHam'j
111. Hisl. of Europe, ed. 1S6J, i. 100. n.
See Ilody's Life, prefixed to No. 6 ; Biog. Brit. ; Birch's
Tillotson ; Chalmers's Hist, of Oxford.
Hoffman, Charles Fenno, b. in the city of New
York in 1806, a son of Judge Josiah Ogden Hoffman, and
a brother of the eminent lawyer, Ogden Hoffman, entered
Columbia College at the age of fifteen, and was admitted
to the Now York B.ar when twenty-one. After three years
of legal practice, Mr. Hoffman determined to indulge to
its full extent the strong inclination which he had always
entertained for literary pursuits; and he accordingly
abandoned Coke and Bl.ackstone for the more congenial
fields of Rom.ance and Poetry. Ho has since given to the
world— 1. A Winter in the West, New York, 1835, 2 vols.
12mo; Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"It has since passed through several editions, and will con-
tinue to be admired so long as gi-aphic delineations of nature,
spirited sketches of men and manners, and richness and purity
of style, are appreciated."— K. W. Griswoid: Prose Writtrs of
America.
2. Wild Scenes in Forest and Prairie, Lon., (1837 ?)
1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. With addits., N. York, 1843, 2 vols.
12mo. 3. Greyslaer; a Romance of the Mohawk, 1840,
'49, 12ino. This is founded on the celebrated criminal
trial of Beauchamp for the murder of Colonel Sharpe, of
Kentucky.
" It happily blends historical facts connected with the border-
annals of our State with the fictitious story of love, and displays
the powers of a master-painter of human passion. We regard
the autboi-of this book as one of the best writers in the country.'*
— Southern Literary Me^senf/er.
Greyslaer met with remarkable success; two edits, were
printed in New York, one in Phila., and a fourth in Lon-
don, in the same year. Mr. William Gilmore Sims has
since pub. a novel — Beauchampe — founded on the same
tragical incidents.
4. The Vigil of Faith, a Legend of the Adirondack
Mountains; and other Poems, N.York, 1642,12mo. Several
edits, have been pub. in America and England. 5. The
Echo; or. Borrowed Notes for Home Circulation, Phila.,
1S44. The title of this work was suggested by some re-
marks in an article, on Griswold's Poets and Poetry of
America, in the Foreign Quarterly Review, in which the
reviewer charges Hoftman with borrowing largely from
Moore. B. Lays of the Hudson, and other Poems, N. York,
32ma. 7. Love's Calendar, and other Poems, 1848. This
voL contains a more complete collection of his lyrical
compositions than will be found in the Echo. Mr. Hoff.
m,an prepared for publication another novel, entitled The
Bed Spur of Ramnpo; but the MS. was destroyed by the
carelessness of a servant. In 1833 Mr. 11. established
that well-known and excellent Journal, The Knicker-
bocker Magazine, and edited a few numbers, after which
he transferred it to the Rev. Timothy Flint. Mr. Hoffman
subsequently became proprietor and editor of the American
Monthly Magazine, (started by Henry William Herbert,
Esq..) and was its chief editor for many years, during one
of which he also discharged the editorial duties connected
with tho New York Mirror. In tho former he pub., in
1837, a novel entitled A'anderlyn. For about eighteen
months (in 1846-47) ho was the editor of the New York
Literary World: see Duyckinck, Evert A., p. 535. He
has also been a contributor to the New Yorker, the Cor-
sair, and other periodicals. His contributions to the New
York American (distinguished by a ■^■) whilst its associate-
editor with Charles King, about 1828-30, added greatlj
IIOF
to the reputation of that journal. Nor must wc omit to
render our acknoKledgments to this vermtile author for
his historical sketch pub. in Sparks's American Biography,
2d Series, iii. 179-2:58, enlitled The Administration of
Jacob Lei.4er; a Chapter in American History. It is as a
lyrical poet that Mr. Hoffman is best known to tlie world,
and in this department he un(iuesti(Uiably occupies a very
high rank. Among the princi|'al favourites of the sons^s
■which have carried his name so e.\tens!vcly through the
social circles of the land are Rosalie Clare, 'Tis Hard
to Share her Smiles with Many, Sparkliug and Bright,
and The Myrtle and Steel.
An eminent American critic, referring to this depart-
ment of poetical authorship, — the song, — remarks:
" Whatever m;iy be thfUL.'ht of i< as an order of writing:. T am
satistied that Mr. Jbitfaian has couie as near to the hiLihest
standaid or idea of i-x. .llpnce wbiih lielongs to this species of
composition, as any .\ni.ii> an pnet has done in his own departr
ment, whatever that d, |virtm, iit may Ije."— II. W. Gaiswoi-S:
Poets and Ftidrij of Ainfnm. lOIh ed., 1S55.
See the same author's opinion of Hoffman's prose com-
positions in his Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., 1862,
p. 31.
" For some of the best convivi.al, amatory, and descriptive poetry
of native ori^iin, we are indebted to Charles I'eiino Ibitfman. The
woods and streams, the least and the vigil, are reflected in his
verse with a prapbic truth and sentiment that evidence an eye
for the picturesiiue. a sense of the advintuious. and a zest for
pleasure. lie has written many admirable scenic pieces that evince
not only a careful tmt a lovin-.; ol)servatiou of nature : some
touches of this kind in the Vigil of Kaith are worthy of the most
celebrated poets. Many of his songs, from their graceful flow and
tender feeliug, are hi:.rhly popular, although some of the metres
are too like those of Sloore not to provoke a comparison. They
are. howt-ver. less tinctured with artifice: and many of them
have a spontaneous aud natural vitality." — U. T. Tuckerbian :
Sketch of Auier. Lil.
In addition to the authorities cited above, see Poe's
Literati : Dublin fhiiv. iMag. ; South. Lit, Messeng., .\i.\. 47.
Hoffman, David, LL.D., J.U.D., 1784-1S54, a na-
tive of Baltimore. Maryl.an'I, an eminent lawyer and legal
writer, from 1S17 to 'lSS6 Professor of Law in the Uni-
versity of Maryland, after the termination of his connctiun
with lliis institntion resided two years in Europe, and
subsequently settled in PhiUulelphi.a, where he remained
until 1S47. " In the f,aU of this year he ag.ain visited
Europe, returning home in 1S5.''.. He died suddenly, of an
attack of apoplexv, in New York, November 11. 1S54.
1. A Course of "Legal Study; respectfully iiddressed to
the Students of Law in the United States, Bait., 1817, pp.
?,8.3; 2d ed., rewritten and much enlarged, 1836, 2 vols,
8vo., pp. .xvii., 876. The first ed. was most favourably
reviewed by Judge Story, in the North American Review
for July, 1817. We give a brief e.\tr:rct from this admirable
article, which every lawyer should peruse with close
attention.
'• Mr. lloffuian has published a Course of Legal Study, which he
modestly addresses to students, but which is well worthy the at-
tention of every gentleman of the bar. ... In quitting the work
we have not the slightest hesitation to declare that it contains by
far the most perfect system for the study of the law which has
ever been offered to the publick."— iV. Amer. Jien., vi. 45-77.
Also in Story's Miscellaneous Writings, 1862, 66-92.
And see Story's Life and Letters. 1861, i. 309.
The 2d ed. was reviewed by George S. HiUard, in the
North American Review for January, 1838, (xlvi. 72-82,)
who cotnmends the work in the highest terms; and it has
been rewarded by the approbation of Marshall, Kent, De
Witt Clinton, and other competent judges in Europe and
America. See Pref. Anth. An;il. of Blk., 30 ; 6 Law Re-
corder, 426 ; 21 Law Mag., 1 ; 15 Amer. Jur., 331 ; xviii.
120; 12 Leg. Obs., 611; xiii. 61; Reddle's Mar. Com.,
427; 46 N. Amer. Rev., 482; 20 Amer. Quar. Rev., 79 ;
Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 391 ; 9 Prino. Rev., 509; Blackw.
Mag., xvii. 67.
2. Legal Outlines ; being the Substance of a Course of
lectures now delivering in the University of Maryland,
in 3 vols. Vol. i., 1836, 8vo, pp. viii., 626. Unfortunately,
this is the otily vol. of this excellent work which ever saw
the light. It was favourably reviewed by Mr. P. Cruise,
in the North American Review for January, 1830, xxx.
135-160, q. c. ; and see also Stciry's Inaug. Discourse,
45, n. ; 3 Amer. Jur., 86 ; 1 Ang. L. J., 284 ; 36 N. Amer.
Rev., 395; 4 South. Rev., 47; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 390.
3. Miscellaneous Tbciughts on Men, Manners, and Things ;
by Anthony Grumbler, of Grufubleton Hall, Esq., 1837,
12mo, jip. 374. Sec N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 482-484: Aiuer.
Quar. Rev., xxii. 415; Chris. Exam., xxiii. 208, by F.W. P.
Greenwood. 4. Viator; or, A Peep into my Note-Book,
1841, 12[no. This may be considered as a sequel to No. 3.
5. Legal Uinta; being a condensation of the leading Ideas
HOF
as relating to Professional Deportment, contained in a
Course of Legal Study, wilh the addition of some Counsel
to L.aw. Students, Pliila., 1846. 6. Chronicles, selected
from the Origiu.als of Carfaphilus, the Wandering Jew:
embracing a jjeriod of nearly nineteen Centuries. Now
first revealed to and edited by David Hofi'man, Lon.,
1855, 2 vols. 8vo. These two vols, are all that was given
to the world of a work which was to have been extended
to 6 vols. Vol. iii. (concluding Series 1, and reaching
to A.D. 673) was ready for the press at the time of the
death of the author. Series 2 (vols. iv. v. vi.) were in a
state of partial preparalicm. The design was no less than
a History of the World from the Christian era to the pre-
sent time. To the compilation of this vast work Mr.
Hoffman had devoted much time, arduous labour, and a
large pecuniary outlay. This adds another to tlio many
instances we have recorded in the course of this volume of
cherished designs frustrated, anxious hopes disappointed,
and " purposes broken off in the tnidst." But if the solemn
consciousness of the approach of the "inexorable hour"
warned him who had toiled so faithfully for his genera-
tion, that he must cease from his labours ere he should
enter upon that goodly heritage of honouraljle fame and
extensive usefulness which had long been the gi.al of his
ambition in the preparation of the great work of his life,
he could yet look back with satisfaction at the good already
accomplished by those invalu.able fruits of his wisdom
which he was permitted to give to the world. To adopt
the language of another,
" If we were called upon to designate any single work which
had exercised a greater influence over the profession of the law
in this country than all others, which had most stimulated the
student iu his studies, most facilitated bis labours, and. in fine,
most contributed to elevate the standard of professii>n;d learning
and morals, we should unhesitatingly select iloffuian's Course of
Legal Study." — iV. Amer. lieu., xlv. 4S2.
-The constant reply of Lagrange to the young men who consulted
him respecting their mathematical studios was, 'Study Kuler;'
and in like manner we should say to evei-y law-studeut. from
Maine to Louisiana, ' Study Uoffman.' "— UEOaOE S. HltLiRD : N.
Amer. Iicv.f xlvi. 82.
In the words of another admirer of this excellent and
useful writer :
•■What Ciijacius said of Paul de Castro has been appropriately
applied to Professor Hoffman's Course of Legal Study ; Qui lion
h(il"i Fiiiiltim de Casfro. liancam vendat. et cnwt."
Hoffniau, J. N., Lutheran pastor, formerly of Cham-
bersburg. Pa., now of Beading, Pa. 1. Arndt's True Chris-
tianity; trans, from the German, Charabersb., 1834. Svo.
2. Evangelical Hymns, origin,al and selected, 1838, 18mo.
3. A Collection of Texts, Ac. 4. The Broken Platform;
a Defence of the Symbolical Books of the Lutheran
Church. Phila.. 1856, 12mo.
Hoffman, Murray, an eminent lawyer of New York.
1. Office and Duties of Masters in Chancery, N. York,
1824, 8vo.
" I have looked them [the MSS.] over, and communicated to
Mr. B. my hi^h opinion of the accuracy, utility, credit and value
of the work.'' — Lettr from Clianrellnr Kent.
2. Treat, on the 'Prae. of the Ct. of Chancery, 1840, 3
vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1843, 3 vols. Svo. 3. N. York Vice-
Chancery Reports, 1839-40, Svo, 1841. 4. Treatise on the
Law of fho Prot. Epis. Church, I860, Svo.
Hotlnud, Mrs. Barbara. See Hofl.vnd, Mrs.
Thom.is CnuisTorfii-;n.
Holland, Thomas Christopher, 1777-1843, a
distinguished landscaiie-paiuler, and an enthusiastic dis-
ciple of Izaak Walton, was a native of Worksop, Notting-
hamshire. An interesting memoir of him, by his widow,
(i'i(/e pmt.) will be found in The London Art-Union; or
see Lon. Gent. M.ag., May, 1843. 1. A Description of
White Knights, a seat of the Duke of Marlborough; em-
bellished wilh twenty-three engravings from pictures by
T. C. Holland, 1819, Vol. One hundred copies privately
printed by his Grace. The letter-press was written by
Mrs. Holland, (I'hle pom.) 2. British Angler's Manual,
L.m., 1839, p. Svo: some on large paper. New ed., by
Edward Jesse, 1848, p. Svo, with eighty steel engravings
and lignographs after Ilofland, Cooper, Creswick, Rad-
clyffe, &,(.:
" This is the most comprehensive work on angling that has yet
appeared in this country." — BcJVs Life in London.
'■ Whether as i-egards the art piclorial or the art piscatorial, it
would be difficult to pick out a prettier volume than this."— ion.
lllustrcded lieview.
3. Specimens of Garden Decorations and Scenery, 1846.
Hotlaud, Mrs. Thomas Christopher, 1770-1844,
wife of the preceding, b)rmerly Miss Barbara Wreaks,
a daughter of Robert Wreaks, of Sheffield, was married in
1796 to Mr. T. Bradshaw Hoole, who died in 1798, In
1S05 she pub. a vol. of poems upon a subscription-list of
659
HOF
nearly 2000 copies, the profit on which enabled her to open |
a small school at Harrowgate, where the chuic-s of tuition i
were relieved by the pleasures of authorship. In 1808 «he
was married to Thomas Christopher Hofland, the eminent
landscape-painter, but did not permit her new engagements
to relax her literary application, for in 1SI2 we find that '
she gave to the world no less than five different works. I
This literary activity distinguished Mrs. Hofland for the
reraamder of her life. In 1833 she was deprived by death
of her son by her first husband, the Rev. Mr. Hoole, curate
of St. Andrew's, Holborn, and in 1S43 she was again left a
widow. She wrote in all about seventy works, (of wliich |
nearly 300,000 copies were sold in Great Britain, and many
thousands on the continent and in America.) and pub. a I
large number of pieces in magazines and annuals. Among I
the best-known of her works— which consist almost entirely
of novels and moral tales— .are : 1. Tl;e Daughter-in-Law.
2. Emily. 3. The Son of a Geuius. 4. Beatrice. 5. Says
she to her Neighbour, What? 6. Captives in India. >.
The Unloved One. 8. The Czarina. 9. Ellen, the Teacher.
10. The Mclcbaufs Widow. II. Adelaide. 12. Humility.
13. Fortitude. 14. Decision. 15. Integrity. 16. The
Clergyman's Widow. 17. Daniel Dennison. 18. Self-
Denial. 19. Letter of an Englishwoman. 20. Tales of
the Priory. 21. Tales of the Manor. A Biogr.aphic.al
notice of Mrs. Hofland will be found in the Lon. Gent.
Mag., January, 1845 ; but for a detailed memoir of her
hfe, accompanied by her Literary Remains, wo must
refer the reader to Mr. Thomas Ramsay's vol. with this
title, Lon., 1849, 12mo. The author of the biography in
Gent. Mag., referring to the many editions and large sale
of her works, remarks :
■'.'J^w'", '!''.1'™°"''""' ""■^'s'wn is considered, in connexion
wiin the fact that all her works were successfully devoted to im-
prove the heart by pleasing ,ind powerful lessons, we mav form
some Idea of the debt of gratitude and esteem that is her due "
Hofmauii, A.W., Ph. D., Professor in the Royal
College of Chemistry, Lonilon, has edited Bufl's Letters
on the Physics of the Earth, Lon.. 1851, fp. 8vo ; Fownes's
Manual of Chemistry, 7th eil.. 1S58, (in conjunction with
H. Lence Jones, M.D. ;) and is co-editor of Liebig and
Kopp s Annual Report of the Progress of Chemistry &c
yol.si.ii.iii. for 1847, '48, '49, edited by Dr. Hofman and
l>r. 11. B. Jones. See BLO.'iAji, C. L., and F. A. A del
Ho?;,James. The Spirit's Operation5.Edin.,1709,r2mo.
Ilog, Sir Roger. Decisions of the Court of Sessions,
1681-91, Edin.. 1757, fol.
Hogaeus, Gulielmus, pub. Latin paraphrases from
Job, the Proverbs, Cato, and Milton, Lon.. 1682-99.
" The author discovers some tivlent for Latin versilication which
his countrymen then cultivated."— 0/me's B(U. Uilj.
Hogau, a Brevet-Major in R.A. Appeal to the Public,
and a Farewell Address to the Army, Lon., 1808, 8vo.
Hogan, E. Penna. State Trials; Trials of F. Hop-
kinson and J. Nicholson, Phila., 1794, 8vo.
Hogan, John Sheridan. Canada and her Re-
sources, N. York, 1855, 8vo. To this work was awarded the
first prize of the Paris E.xhibition Committee of Can.ada
II est tort bien «crit, niais supcrflciel surtout pour ce qui a rap-
S?,^!* r "?■ c ^'^""■'"'' P"-^* 1^™""»>P plus ancien et interessant
que le tan.-ida Supeiieur au point do vue historiiiiie."— Diet HisI
des mtt^<. du Canada et de fAmerique, par Bibaud, Jeune, Montreal',
See also Canada and her Resources, by Alex Morris
Montreal 1855, Svo, and The Rise of Canada from Barba-
rism to Wealth and Civilization, by Charles Roger, of Que-
bec, Lon.. 1856, Svo. h : ' >«"•=
Hogan, \V. Reports of Cases in the Rolls Court in
Ireland. u;up. S. W. McMahon, Dubl.. 1828-38, 2 vols 8vo
Hogan, Wm., formerly R. Catholic priest. I Popery
as it Was and Is, B.,st. 2. Auricular Confession and Popi«h
Nunneries. Lon., 1846, 12mo,- 6th ed., 1S51, 12mo.
Hogarth, (icorge, a native of Scotland, late writer
to the signet in Edinburgh, was for many years musical
and dramatic critic of the London Morning Chronicle ■ but
since the establishment of the Daily News, in 1846, by his
Bon-in-law. Charles Dickens, the author, he has been con-
aected with that sheet in a similar capacity. 1. Musical
History, Biography, and Criticism, Lon., '1836 •> vols
12mo. Newed. enlarged, 1838. 2 vols. Svo. Au excellent
Work. Reviewed by G. W. Peck, in Amer. Whi» Rev
VI*. 633. 2. Memoirs of the Musical Drama, 183S, 2 vols Svo'
• He brings general scholarship and cultivation to his task, and i
has produced a very instructive as well as enteitaiuing work."—
3. Opera in Italy, France, Germany, and England, 1851, I
Z vols. p. Svo. This may be considered a new ed. of No ">
The view of the Musical Stage is brought down to the
date of publication,— 1851.
HOG
"George Thomson, and George Hogarth, and the lave o' the
yanmtoois will just lauch at ye as an ignoramus, that kens nae-
thing o' acowstics, or the dooble-dooble-bais. or liatehooven or
Mowsart. or that Carle Weber."— CaaiSTOPHER Ncara : Nxla
Antl'rosi'tiKF. Juit/, IS'jt;.
Hogarth, Richard, a schoolmaster in London,
father of William Hogarth, the celebrated artist. Dis-
sertationes Grammaticales, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Hogarth, William, 1697-1764, a celebr.ated painter
and engraver, son of the preceding, was a native of Lon-
don. In 1730 he ran awav with the daughter of the
eminent artist. Sir James TbornhiU, who was soon recon-
ciled to the match by the remarkable talents of his
volunteer son-in-law. We have already had occasion to
refer to his Analysis of Beauty, Lon.. 1754, '72, 'S3, 4to,
(in Italian, Leghorn. 1761,) in which he was assisted by
Dr. Benjamin Hoadly, Dr. Morell, and the Rev. Mr.
Townley. This is a work of decided merit. In his ca-
pacity as an artist he does not enter within the design of
our Dictionary. For an account of his works, collections of
his plates, Ac, consult authorities cited below. Especially
see— 1. The Genuine Works of Wm. Hogarth, illustrated
with Biographical Anecdotes, a Chronological Catalogue
and Commentary, by John Nichols and George Steevens,
1808-17, 3 vols. 4to ; £14 4*. Large paper, £27 6»
'■'Ihese three volumes contain 210 plates, a great many of which
are not to be found in any other collection of Hogarth's works "—
Advert.
2. The Genuine Works of Wm. Hogarth, 1820-2'> 24
Nos.. atlas fol., from the original plates, retouched by
Heath; edited by Nichols; 153 plates. Pub. at £50. It
13 stated that a number of copies were recently found in
the publisher's warehouse, and came into the possession
of H. G. Bohn, of London, who offered them at the low
price of £7 Is. See his Catalogue for 1848, p. 124. supp.
3. Hogarth Moralized, by John Trusler, LL.D., 1768, Svo.
New ed., with Introduc. and Notes by Major 1841 Svo
4. Hogarth Illustrate.l, by John Ireland, 1791-98, 3' vols!
r. Svo. 5. Biographical Anecdotes of Wm. Hogarth, and
a Cat. of his Works, by John Nichols, 1781, '82, '85, Svo.
The last is the best cd. 6. Anecdotes of Hogarth, by him-
self, with Ess.ay on his Life, &c., by Nichols, ]833,"4 Pts.
Svo, 48 plates. 7. Clavis Hogarthiana, by Rev. E. Ferrens,
1817, Svo. Those who wish a cheap Hogarth can procure
the laO Plates lately pub. (1849, 2 vols. 4to) by Brain, of
London, lor £2 05. In addition to authorities just cited,
consult Nichols's Lit. Anee.; Walp.de's Anecdotes • Chal-
mers s Biog. Diet. ; Lowndes's Bibb Man. ; Bryan's and
Spooner's Dictionaries; Hazlitt's Lect, on the'Worksof
Hogarth; Charles Lamb on the Genius of Hogarth:
Ihacker.ay s Lect. on Hogarth, Smollett, and Fieldin.'
one of hT",'*" ' "''/" *'■'■;'?"'■« "P "S ^familn book, or rather as
rt?l i ,1 ''"■''' ''"'^ "''"■* ' "''■''" ■•egularly instruct mv chil-
?i?ff ?"/*■"? '"I"'^" "" ' *'"'"'<» °"' "f Horn" or Viigil."-
Jlie Jicv. J. Toumley to HogartJi.
We would suggest that, as a. /amity book, Hogarth is to
be used with considerable caution.
See For. Quar. Rev., xvi. 279 ; Blackw. Mag., ill. 609 •
X.XX. 665, 660; .xxxi.x. 761; xliii.466; 1.24; Lon. Month!
Rev., Ixxxii. 145; Phila. Analec. Mag., v 150
Jl}yj ""'.'"'^•■"■.'ii°g tee much to assert that he wks one of the
o?^^P m^S"" ^f ""r '"•'" "" "'■'<'• "'"' l"' ""-^ "^'^-"^^^ ™e
?i.;r„ i'"'"™'"'''"''"'^ ™«° "'■s country has pioduced."-
whii"^ I'''?** T'"' '5" '■"P'^'"' " K^tleman. who, being asked
which book he esteemed most in his library, answLred-T'Shak-
'f'^r.'.. /."'-''"'''? "'="'" ■"* esteemed next best, replied-' Ho-
garth.'"—Charles Lamb: udisu^ra. > e ■:>' "o-
Jh^luM'l'h'"'''"'^ '^•"^"'■y' ""■« admirable works must be in-
I? ,h. t' ' '^'7 "' """ """' ■^"■"Plete and truthful picture
T^HlcL^ri^,:,^:^^- "■" "'-Shts.of the past ceutuV"-
Pw"^,^?.!':^?""'^' O'^s'et"" studies, Lon., 181.3, 4to:
„.'*.'*?*'' Moses, President of Hampden-Sidney Colics.
Virginia, d in Phila., 1820, aged 60. A vol. of his serms!
was pub. alter his death.
Hogg, EdAvard, M.D. Visit to Alexandria, Damas-
cus, and Jerusa em, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo. Reviewed
in the London Athenamm, 1835, 721.
Hogg, Jabez. 1. Domestic, Jlcdical, and Surgical
pi"',"'" iT.o ^o^^' *"■ "^■' !*"• 2. Elements of Nat.
,. o"Vo ^*^"' ^™' ^- ^I'^-"'^' "f Photography; 4th ed .
h-? l'^?^- *• '^^' Mi'^^o^'-ope: its Histt Construe, le.
ISo4, 66, 5,, Svo. 6. The Ophthalmoscope; 2d ed., 1858
Hogg, J. J. Lect. on Study of Civil Law, Lon..
1831, Svo.
, .?^"?^' Ja«nes, " The Ettrick Shepherd," December 9.
li, 0-Nov. 21, 1835, first saw the light in a cottage on the
banks of the Ettrick River, in Selkirkshire, Scotland. His
ancestors had been shepherds for five centuries, and James
HOG
commenced his apprenticeship in the same humhle cnlling
when only seven years of jige. Few authors who have
obtained reputation have commenced on so slender a stock
of knowledge ; for the whole of the shepherd's scholastic
education was comprised in six months' instruction received
before he was eight years of age. In 1790 he entered the
service of Mr. Laidlaw as a shepherd, and remained in
this post for the ensuing ten years, the leisure hours of
which were profitably occupied with the perusal of books
from his master's library. In 1796 he commenced the
composition of songs and ballads, and in the next year an ,
ardent desire to be the successor of Burns — of whom he
then tirst heard — gave an impetus to his poetical genius,
which, to the astonishment of the world, resulted some
years later in the production of The Queen's Wake. Some
of his juvenile pieces happened at this time to fall into
the hands of Sir Walter Scott, by whom they were highly
commended. The first of bis published productions, The
Patriot Lay of Donald McDonald, composed in ISUO, and
printed in 1801, soon became a general favourite, and was
sung amidst acclamations, published and set to music, ,
whilst even the name of the author was unknown. In >
1801 he wrote a prose essay called Reflections on a View of
tlie Nocturnal Heavens, and in the same year, whilst on a
visit to Edinburgh to dispose of some of his sheep, he pub.
a collection of his best poems. In 1802 he contributed '
to Sir Walter Scott's Border Minstrelsy; and five years
later gave to the world The Shepherd's Guide, (an Essay |
on Sheep,) and a vol. of songs, ballads, and tales, entitled I
The Mountain Bard. By these two works he made about ,
£300, which was soon swallowed up in the cultivation of I
an unprofitable farm; and the publication of the Forest i
Minstrel, a collection of the poet's early songs, in 1810,
failed to meet with that encuuragement which the declin-
ing ibrtunes of the author greatly needed. In the same
year he commenced the issue of a periodical, intended as
a censor of literature and manners, entitled The Spy. For
this self-imposed task the conductor was altogether un-
suited, and the new paper lingered but a twelvemonth
and then expired. One good result, however, is to be
attributed to the publication of The Spy. Some of his
friends were so much pleased with some of the poetry con-
tributed by the editor to his sheet, that they urged him to
attempt the composition of a regular poem. Hogg was
always ready to be encouraged; and his friends were gra-
tified, with the rest of the world, in the spring of 1813, by
the publication of The Queen's Wake, a Legendary Poem,
by far his best production, and one which would not have
disgraced the best of the great poets who were at that
time delighting the literary circles of the day. Of the
seventeen ballads in this work, the general favourite is the
legend of Kilmeny : — certainly an exquisite production.
The reputation of the author was now established: the
poet became a celebrity; and happy was that lady of
quality who could secure for her fashionable f>arties the
rustic form, and still more rustic songs and witticisms, of
the far-famed Ettrick Shepherd. The Queen's Wake soon
reached its 5th edit., and the Shepherd needed nothing
more to make him an author for life, as the following list
of works, which appeared in rapid succession, will abun-
dantly testify. Poetry: 1. Pilgrims of the Sun, 1815, 1
vol. 2. The Hunting of Eadlewe, 1 vol. 3. Madoe of the
Moor, 1S16, 1 vol. 4. Poetic Mirror; or, Living Bards of
Britain, 1 vol. This work, consisting of imitations of dis-
tinguished living poets, was all (with the exception of
Scott's pretended epistle to Southey, — the work of Thomas
Pringle) written by Hogg in three weeks. 5. Dramatic
Tales, 2 vols. 6. Sacred Melodies, 1 vol. 7. The Border
Garland, 1vol. S. The Jacobite Relics of Scotland: vol. i.,
1819; vol. ii., 1821. Partly original. 9. Queen Ilynde,
1825, 1 vol 10. The Royal Jubilee; a Masque. 1 vol.
11. A Selection of his Songs, 1831, 1 vol. 12. The Queer
Book: 26 Miscellaneous Poems, some of which had ap-
peared in Blackwood, 1 vol. A collection of bis best
poems was pub. at Edinburgh in 1822, in 4 vols. 8vo.
Prose : 13. The Brownie of Bodsbeck, and other Tales,
1818, 2 vols. 14. Winter Evening Tales, 1820, 2 vols.
15. The Three Perils of Man, 1822, 3 vols. 16. The Three
Perils of Woman, 1823, 3 vols. 17. The Confessions of a
Justified Sinner, 1824, 1 vol. 18. The Shepherd's Calen-
dar, 1829, 2 vols. Composed of tales originally pub. in
Blackwood's Magazine. 19. Altrive Tales, 1832. Vol. i.
only appeared, although twelve were contemplated, one
every other month. The Tales were to be such traditionary
stories as were current with the Altrive jieasantry, and
collected from them. The failure of Cochran & Co., the
publishers, prevented the prosecution of the plan. 20. Do-
HOG
mestic Manners of Sir Walter Scott, 1834. Considered ft
very impertinent produftion. 21. Lay Sermons, 1834, 1
vol. 22. Tales of the Wars of Montrose, 1835, 3 vcds. In
1817 Hogg found himself settled on his farm of Altrive,
consisting of seventy acres on the banks of the Yarrow,
for which he was indebted to the kindness of the Duke
and Duchess of Buccleuch. In 1S20, in his 4Sth year, he
was married to Miss Margaret Phillips, who seems to have
made him a very good wife: she and three of their chil-
dren, daughters, are now living, and Mrs. Hogg was re-
cently pensioned by government. Shortly after his mar-
riage he took up his residence at Mount Benger; but, being
again unfortunate in his agricultural experiments, he was
obliged to return to Altrive. The last years of his life
were tranquilly passed in the prosecution of his literary
pursuits, varied by the sports of the field, to which he was
passionately attached. In the autumn of 1835 his health
was prostrated by an attack of the jaundice, which re-
sulted in a disease of the liver, and terminated fatally on
the 21st of November, 1835, in the 65th year of his age.
For further information respecting this uneducated genius,
we refer the reader to his autobiographical reminiscences ;
to the Memoir, by Professor John Wilson, prefixed to
Blackie & Co.'s collective edit, of Hogg's Works, 1850, 5
vols. 12mo; Life, bj' Dr. R. S. Mackenzie, prefixed to his
edit, of Noctes Arabrnsian^, N.York, 1855, vol. iv., i.-xxii. ;
Dr. Mackenzie's collection of Maginu's O'Doherty Papers,
1855, i. 29-32; Life, in Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1836;
Howitt's Homes and Haunts of Brit. Poets; Chambers
and Thomson's Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen ; Lockhart'a
Life of Scott; Scott's Poetical Works; Giltillan's First
Gallery of Literary Portraits; Allan Cunningham's Biog.
and Crit. Hist, of the Lit. of the Last Fifty years ; Moir'3
Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century ; Wilson's Recreations
of Christopher North ; and especially to the Noctes Am-
brosianre, where The Shepherd is painted to the life: and
seo the General Index to Blackwood's Mag., vols. i.-l. ;
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.; Memoirs of a Literary Vete-
ran; Edin. Rev., v. 662; by Lord Jeffrey, ib. xxiv. 157;
Lon. Month. Rev., xciii. 263 ; xcv. 428; cvi. 36S ; cxxviii.
82; Eraser's Mag., i. 291; v. 97, 114, 482; xx. 414; N.
Auier. Rev., by W.Tudor, ii. 103; by F. Dexter, ix. 1;
Phil. Analec. Mag., iii. 104; vi. 36; xi. 414; Pbila. Mu-
seum, xxi. 97; xxxvii. 438. A collective ed. of Hogg's
Tales and Sketches was pub. in 1S38, 6 vols. fp. 8vo;
again in 1851 ; collective ed. of his Poetical Works, 1850,
5 vols. 12mo; 1852, 5 vob. 12mo. We have already stated
that the Queen's Wake is considered to be by far the best
of his productions : a few brief notices of this poem may
therefore be hero appropriately introduced:
"The Queen's Wake is a parlaud of fair foiest-flowers, bound
with a band of rushes from the niuor. It is not a poem, — not it;
uor was it intended to be so; you mifrht as well call a bright
bouquet of flowers a flower, which, by-the-by, we do in Scotland.
Some of the ballads are very be.iutiful; one or two even splendid;
most of them spirited ; and the worst far better than the best that
was ever written by any bard in danger of being a blockhead.
Kilmeuy alone places our (ay, our) Shepherd among the Undying
Ctnes." — Professor Wilson: ChrisU^her A'orth's Recreations: An
Hour's Talk about Poetri/.
"The poem is unequal, and it could not well be otherwise; it
confiistsof the songs of many minstrels in honour of Queen Mary,
united together by a sort of recitative, very rambling, amusing,
and characteri.<!tic. Some of the strains of the contending Bards
are of the highest order, both of conception and execution; the
Abbot of Eye has great ease, vigour, and harmony, and the story
of the Fair Kilmeny. for true simplicity, exf4uisite loveliness, and
graceful and original tlincy, cannot be matched in the whole com-
pass of Biitish song." — Allan Cunningham: Biog. and Crit. Hist,
of the. Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
" The specimens we have already given [of Kilmeny] will enable
the reader to judge of the style and manner of this singular com-
posilion; upon the strength of which alone we should feel our-
selves completely justified in assuring the author that no doubt
can be entertained that he is a poet, in the highest acceptation
of the name." — Loan Jeffrey: Edin. Jtev., Noik 1S14.
"The Legend of Kilmeny is as beautiful as any thing in that
department of poetry. It contains a fine moral : — that purity of
bt-art makes an earthly creature a welcome denizen of heaven;
and the tone and imagery are all frau-iht with a tenderness and
grace that are as unearthly as the subject of the legend."- — Howitt's
Humes and Haunts of the Brit. Poets.
" Kilmeny has been the theme of universal admiration, and
deservedly so, for it is what Warton would have denominated
'pure poetry.' It is. for the most part, the glorious emanation of
a sublime fancy, — the spontaneous sprouting forth of amaranthine
flowers of sentiment, — the bubbling out and welling over of in-
spiration's fountain." — J). M. Mom: I^tet. Lit. of the Past Half-
Century.
An acute critic, already quoted, after noticing Hogg's
defects as a prose-writer, evinces a disposition to do full
justice to his real merits:
" When he chooses to be simple and unaffected, there are few
to match him: his Wool-Gatherer, Home of his Winter ^'igbt'a
UOG
HOL
Tales, — which, instead of lengthening the nights, as a surly critic
averrfd, shortened them for thousands, — his Brownie of liode-
becli, and indeed all his fictions, exhibit mucli of the innocence
and truth and blanielessness of pastoral life. In his finer moods,
no one has equalled him in the rare power of uniting the elegance
of superstitious fancy with the realities of life." — Allan Cunning-
ham : uli supra.
The name of the author of The Queen's Wake will recall
to many the beautiful extemporaneous tribute of Words-
worth on hearing of the death of bis brother poet :
*• When first, descending from the moorlands,
I saw the stream of Yarrow glide
Along a bare and open valley,
The Ettrick Shepherd was my guide," Ac.
Hogg, John. Serins., 1759, 75. both 8vo.
Hogg, Robert, co-editor of the Cottage Gardener.
1. British Pomology, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 2. Manual of Fruits.
3. The Dahlia. 185*:^, r. 8vo. 4. The Vegetable Kingdom
and its Products, 1858, cr. 8fo.
Hogg, Thomas. St. Michael's Mount; a Poem,
ISll, 4to.
Hogg, Thomas. The Fabulous Hist, of the Ancient
Kingdom of Cornwall, Lon., 1827, 8vo.
Hogg, Thomas, Florist, of Paddington Green, Mid-
dlesex. 1. Grovfth and Cult, of the Carnation; 6th cd.,
18;j9, 12mo. See Lnn. Monthly Censor, Oct. 1822. See
also Trans. Hortie. Soc.
Hoggard, Miles. See Huggard.
Hoker, or Hooker, John. See Hooker.
Holberry, 3Iark. Farewell Serm., Leeds, 1770, 8vo.
Holborne, Anthony. The Cittbarn Soboole, 1597.
The cittern or cithern (Latin, cithora, a harp or lyre)
was a stringed musical instrument, similar to a guitar.
Holbourne, Sir Robert, M.P., d. 1617, an eminent
lawyer temp. Charles L 1. Readings upon the Statute
25 Edw. III., cap. 2, of Treasons. To which is added
Brown's Cases of Treasons, Oxf., 1642. 4to. 2. The Free-
holder's Grand Inquest rel. to the King and Pari. This
bears the name of Sir Robert Filmer. who repub. it in
1679 and 1680. 8vo, with observ. on Forms of Govern-
ment. See Athen. Oxon ; Lloyd's Memoirs, vol. i. ; Bridg-
man's Leg. Bibl.
Holbrook, Anthony. Serms., Ac, 1715-31.
Holbrook, J., Special Agent U. States Post-Office
Department. Ten Years among the Mnil-Bags, Phila.,
1856, 12mo, pp. 432. A valuable and entertaining work.
Holbrook, John Edwards, M.D., b. at Beaufort,
S. Carolina, 1795, a graduate of Brown University, Provi-
dence. R. Island, has been, since 1824, Professor of Ana-
tomy in the Medical College of the State of S. Carolina.
1. American Herpetology; or, a Description of Reptiles
inhabiting the United States, Phila., 1842, 5 vols. sm. 4to;
$50. 2. Southern Ichthyology, embracing Georgia, Florida,
and South Carolina. It was discontinued after two numbers
were pub., the field being considered too extensive by the au-
thor, as he had to make all his drawings from life. He is
now publishing a work on the Fishes of South Carolina,
ten numbers of which have made their appearance. Such
useful labourers in the walks of scientific research are
worthy of all commendation.
Holbrooke, \V., M.D. Mischiefs arising from swal-
lowing Plumb-stones; Phil. Trans., 1710.
Holcombe, James P. 1. Introduc. to Equity Ju-
risprudence, Cin., 1846, Svo. 2. A Selection of Leading
Cases upon Commercial Law, Phila., 1847, Svo; N. Y(>fk,
1848, 8vo. 3. Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Ct.
V. States from its commencement to the present time,
1848, Svo.
" As a compact and convenient index to near fifty volumes of
reports, it must prove very useful to the profession." — Levi Wood-
BDRY.
4. Law of Debtor and Creditor in the U. States and
Canada, Phila., 1S48, Svo ; N. York, 1851, Svo. 5. Smith's
Compendium of Mercantile Law, edited by J. P. Hol-
combe and W. Y. Gholson; greatly enlarged, &c,, 1850,
Svo. New ed., greatly enlarged from last London edit.,
1855, Svo, pp. 775.
Holcombe, \Vm. Serm., Lon., 1789, 4to.
Holcombe, \\m, II., M.D. The Scientific Basis
of HcinKcopatby, Ciu., ]2mu.
Ilolcot, Robert, i.e. Richard de Bnry, 7. v.
Holcroil, Miss Fanny, daughter of the folhiwing.
1. Memoirs of Coudc ; from the French of Conde, 1807,
8vo. 2. The Wife and the Lover; a Nov., 1813, 3 vols.
12mo. 3. Fortitude and Frailty, 1817, 4 vols.
Holcroft, Thomas, 1744-1809, a native of London,
the son of a shoemaker, after being a groom and an actor,
commenced writing for the stage, and )iecamo the author
of a number of plays, poems, novels, and translations from
£62
the French and German. He was a member of the Society
!oi,-(?onslitutional Reform; and learning, in 1794, that he
was indicted, he voluntarily resigned himself to the proper
authorities ; but, upon the acquittal of Hardy, Holcroft
and the other prisoners mentioned in the indictment were
discharged without a trial. His best-known plays (over
thirty of which are registered in the Biog. Dramat.) are —
1. Duplicity; a Com., Lon., 1781, Svo. Very successful.
2. The School for Arrogance ; a Com., 1791, Svo. 3. The
Road to Ruin ; a Com., 1792, Svo.
*' This comedy ranks among the most successful of modern plays.
There is merit in the writing, hut much more in that dramatic
science which disposes characters, scenes, and dialoj^ue, with mi-
nute attention to theatric ambition.'" — Mas. Incuuald.
"Mr. Holcroft, in his Road to Ruin, set the ex.imple of that
style of comedy in whirh the slong phrases of jockey noblemen
and the humours of the four-in-hand club are blended with the
romantic sentiments of distressed damsels and philosophic wait-
ing-maids, and in whiih he h.-^s been imitated by the most suc-
ci-ssful of our living writers, unless we make a SL'p:irate class for
the school of Cumberland.'' — HazlitCs Lects. oti the C'vmic WriUrs
of th& Last Ctntury.
4. The Deserted Daughter; a Cora., 1795, Svo. Very
successful. Of his novels, among the most popular were —
5. Alwyn; or, the Gentleman Comedian, 1780. 6. Anna
St. Ives, 1792, 7 vols. 12mo. Tolerably successful. 7.
Hugh Trevor, 1794, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Bryan Perdue, 1805,
3 vols. sm. Svo. In 17S3, 4to, he pub. {{).) Human Hap-
piness, or the Sceptic ; a Poem ; — a work of bad tendency;
and in 1806, 2 vols. 12mo, gave to the world (10.) Tales in
Verse, Critical, Satirical, and Humorous. See Miss Mit-
ford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life; Edin. Rev., x. 101-111.
Of his translations we may instance — 11. Caroline of Lich-
field : from the French, 1780, 3 vols. Svo. 12. Life of
Frederic, Baron Trenck; from the German, 17S8, 3 vols.
12mo.
'■ If ever one happens to take up an English version of a Trench
or German Look of that period. — Memoirs of Baron Ti-enck, or
Caroline de bitchfield,— and if that versiou have in it the zest
and savour of original writing, we shall be sure to find the name
of Thomas Holcroft in the title-page." — Miss Mitford: uhi siipra.
13. Posthumous Works of Frederic II., King of Prussia;
from the French, 1789, 3 vols. Svo. For this translation
Holcroft is said to have received about £1200. See Prof.
Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 14. Lavater's Essays on
Physiognomy; from the German, 1793, 3 vols, large Svo.
360 engravings; £5 5s. 15. Herman and Dorothea; from
the German of Goethe, 1801, Svo. In 1S04 he pub. (16.)
Travels fr(jm Hamburgh, through Westjihalia, Holland,
and the Netherlands, to Paris, 1806, 2 vols. 4to.
"Upon the whole, we think that this book is a great deal too
long, and that it has attained this magnitude by the most intrepid
and extensive application of the approved recipes for book-making
that has yet come under our consideration."' — Lokd jEFFREr : Edin.
Rev., iv. 84-99, q. v.
In 1S15, 3 vols. ]2mo, appeared (17.) his Memoirs written
by himself, continued [by AVm. HazHtt, Sr.] to the lime of
his Death, from his Diary, Notes, and other Papers. A
new ed, was pub. in Longman's Travellers' Library in 1851,
in 2 Pts. ; also in 1 vol. ; and an abridgment will be found
in Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life. See
also Hazlitt's First Acquaintance with Poets; Biog. Dra-
mat. ; and Lon. Gent. Mag. It is but justice to the memory
of Holcroft to remark that he is said to have renounced
his irreligious opinions when he found him.-^elf about
visiting a world where they were not likely to prove of
much benefit to him.
Molilen, Rev. G., d. at Tatham, near Lancaster,
England, 1793, was the author of an annual publication
entitled Holden's Tide-Table.
Holden, George, Perpetual Curate of MayhuU,
Liverpool ; one of the most eminent of modern Hebraists.
1. An Attempt towards an improved Trans, of the Proverbs
of Solomon, Liverp., 1819, Svo.
"This is the most valuable help to the critical understanding
of the Book of Proverbs extant in our language." — H<jrnc's Bibl,
Bib.
2. The Scripture Testimonies to the Divinity of our
Lord, collected and Illustrated, Lon., 1820, Svo. 3. An
Attempt tu illustrate the Book of Ecclesiastes, 1822. Svo.
'■The best th:it has fallen under the notice of the writer of the
presL-nt work." — IJomes Bill. Bib.
Another eminent authority remarks of this and the
work on the Proverbs, (No. 1, ante:)
" These two works are among the ablest pieces of biblical illus-
tration with which we have lately been furnished. The author is
evidently an excellent Hebrew scholar." — Orme\<; Bibl. Bib.
4. A Dissert, on the Fall of Man; in which the Literal
Sense of the Mosaic Account of that Event is asserted and
vindicated, 1823, Svo.
"All the elTortsof perverted criticism to reduce the Mosaic His-
tory of the Fall of Man to allegory, fable, or niythos, are here
examined in detail ; and the objections of its adverBarics to the
literal sense of that history are minutdn and satisfaclorily retuted.
—Hunics BiU. nib.
5. The Christian Sabbath, 1825, Svo. This valuable
vol. contains a list of li6 writers upon the same subject.
6. The Christian Expositor, or Practical Guide to the
Study of the New Test. ; intended for the Use of General
Readers, 1830, 12uio ; 2d ed., 1837, 12mo.
" The t.-isk is accomplished with great intellii^ence and learning."
—ion. Mmilli. Hev.. Juhi, 1830, pp. 40S-169.
" The reader who has recourse to his pages for the interpretation
of really difficult passages will rarely, if ever, be disappointed." —
Jjon. Cltris. Jietiteiiib.
See Home's Bibl. Bib., 265, 306.
7. The Christian E.tpositor, Old Test, 1834, 12mo.
" Not only general readers, butalso criticil students, m.ay gladly,
profitably, and safely avail themselves of Mr. Ilulden's labours,
without any apprehension of having imposed upon them the neo-
logian iutei-pietatiuns of modern German critics and commenta-
tors. Every page indicates .Mr. Ilolden's intimate acquaintance
with all the liest exegetical works ou the Holy Scriptures, both
British and Foreign." — Home's Bibl. Bib., '2ri5.
8. Scriptural Vindication of Church Establishments,
1836, 12mo. 9. Authority of Tradition in Matters of Re-
ligion, 1838, 12mo. 10. Treatise on Justification, 1840,
12uio.
Holden, Henry, D.D., 1596-1662, a learned R. Ca-
tholic divine, a nalive of Lancashire, was educated at
Douay, where he took the name of Johnson, and from
1623 "until his death was attached to the University of
Paris. 1. Divina> Fidel Analysis, Paris, 1C52, Svo. Editio
altera, printed by Barbuu, 1767, 12mo. In English, by
W. G., 1658, 4to.
" An excellent work, and comprises, in a few words, the whole
economy of religion." — VAvficat.
Dupin gives an analysis of this work, and commends
it, and Charles Buller also speaks highly of it. 2. Mar-
ginal Notes on the New Test., 1660, 2 vols. 12ino. 3. Lett,
cone. AVhite's I>e Medio Auimarum Statu, llifil, 4to. 4.
Tract, de Schisuiato. 5. Tract, de Usura. See Dupin;
Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Biog. Univ.
Holden, Horace. A Narrative of his Shipwreck,
i-c, Bi>st., 1836. Sec N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 206; Lieber's
Essays on Property, Ac.
Holden, UevI Hubert Ashton. 1. Foliorum Sil-
vula: Selcc. for Lat. and Gr. Verse, Canib., 1852, p. Svo; 2d
ed., 1857. Pt. 2, 1867; 2ded., 1858. 2. Foliorum Centuria;:
Selec. for Lat. and Gr. Proso, 1852, p. Svo; 2d ed., 1858.
Holden, J. Scrm. at Nortian, Sussct, 1S12.
Holden, John. Essay towards a Rational System
of Music, Glasg., 1770, 4to ; Edin., 1807, 8vo.
Holden, L. 1. A Manual of the Dissection of the
Human Body, Lon., 1849-50, 3 Pts. p. Svo. 2. Human
Osteology, 18"55, Svo, 2d ed., 1857.
Holden, Ijanrence,a Unitarian minister of Maldon,
Essex, England, b. 1710. 1. XXIL Serms., Lon., 1755,
Svo. 2. Fast Serm., 1757, Svo. 3. A Paraphrase of the
Book of Job, Psalms. Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, with
Kotes, Crit., Hist, and Prac., 1763, 4 vols. Svo.
"This is one of the worst specimens in the Knglish language
of paraphrastic interpretation." — Orme's Bibl. Bd).
" To what class of readers this performance will be useful or
agreeable, we really know not; but this wo verily believe, that
persons of taste, learning, or judgment, will find very little iu it
to engage their attention." — Lon. M'mth. AVr., 0. .?., xxxi 73.
"The public opinion seems to have been in unison with that of
the Monthly Heviewers; the book has never been popular, and it
is to be purchased at a very low price; on which account, this
notice is inserted as a caution to the student who may be inex-
perienced in the real value of books." — Home's Bilil. Bib.
4. Paraphrase on Isaiah, Chehnsf., 1776, 2 vols. Svo.
"In little estimation." — Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
5. Fnnl. Serm., Tenderden, 1813. Svo.
Holden, K. Doctrine of R. Catholics cone, the Eccles.
Guide in t!ontroversies of Religion, [by R. H.,] 1623.
Holden, Samuel. Answer to a Letter to S. H., Lon.,
1732, Svo.
Holden, Thomas. Shoe-making Machine; Nic.
Jour.. ISilli.
Holden, Rev. Wni. C, fifteen years a resident at
the colony of Natal, South Africa. History of the Colony
of Natal," Lon., 1855, Svo.
'■ The information contained in this history evinces much care
and diligence iu its collection, and may be regarded as fully re-
liable."— Lmi. Qnar. Ji'ev.
"It is the best book that we have seen on Natal." — Lo7l. Eclec.
Scv.
Holder, Rev. Henry Evans, of Barbadoes, pub. a
number of Discourses, a novel, a poem, and theolog. and
educational works, 1783-98.
Holder, William, D.D., d. 1697. Canon of Ely and
of St Paul's. 1. Elements of Speech, Lon., 1669, Svo.
Commended by Charles Burney, Mus. Doc. 2. Supp. to
IIOL
Phil. Trans, of July, 1670, 4to, 1678. 3. Discourse on
Time, 1694, 1701, Svo. 4. Principles, ic. of Harmony,
1694, Svo. See also Phil. Trans., 1694. 5. Introductio
ad Chronologiam, O.xf.. 1704, Svo. 6. On Deafness ; Phil.
Trans., 1608. See Athen. Oxon. ; Ward's Gresham Pro-
fessors: Letters from the Bodleian Lib., 1813, 3 vols. Svo;
T^Qgg S C'VC*
Hold'erness, Mary. 1. Manners and Customs of
the Crim Tartars, 12mo. 2. Journey from Riga to the
Crimea, 1823, Svo. This lady resided four years in the
Crimea. 3. A Manual of Devotion, 1825, 12mo.
Holdich, Joseph, D.D., a Methodist minister, b. in
Thorney Fen, Cambridgeshire, England, admitted into
tho Phila. Conference, 1822; Prot of Moral Science and
Bcllcs-Lettres in the Wesleyan Univ., MidJletown. Conn.,
1S35-49; a secretary of the American Bible Society, 1S49
to the present time. 1. Bible Questions. 2. Bible History.
3. Memoirs of Aaron H. Hurd. 4. Life of Wilbur Fisk.D.D.,
N. York, 1842, Svo. Dr. U. has also contributed a number
of articles to periodicals.
Holditch, Benjamin. Hist of Crowland Abbey ;
digested Irom materials collected by Mr. Gough, 1816, Svo.
Perhaps the same person as tho next.
Holditch, Benjamin, 1770-1S24, editor of the
Farmer's Journal. 1. The Weeds of Agriculture, 1825, Svo.
Posth. ; pub. by Geo. Sinclair.
" No Ijetter work can be iu the hands of the tiller of the soil. —
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
2. Ewes in the Lambing Season. He left some addit.
papers on British Grasses, which were not pub. See Do-
nalilson's Agricult. Biog.
Holditch, Rob. Emigrant's Guide to America,
Economical and Political, 1818. Svo.
Holdreth, Lionel H. Shadows of the Past, Lon.,
1S56. ^ ,
" They seem to h.ave been suggested by real experience, and not
to spring from the vague determination to write poetry. The
echoes of the Tennysouian music predominate in these poems, as
they do in most volumes of verse that we open." — Htsi»ii;iifer
Jiet!., July, 1856.
Holdsworth, Edward, 1688-1747, an excellent
scholar, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. 1. Musci-
pula ; a Latin Poem. There is an English trans, of this by
J. Hoadly in Dodsley's Miscellanies, vol. v., and another
tr.ans. among Dr.Cobden's Poems ; also trans, by R. Lewis,
1728. 2. The Two Phillipi in Virgil's Georgics, 1741, 4to.
3. Remarks, Ac. on Virgil; pub. by Joseph Spence, with
addits., 176S, 4to. See Spence's Pulymetis; Nichols's Lit
Anec. ; Nichols's Hist of Leicestershire ; Gent Mag., vol.
Ui.
Holdsworth, Holsworth, Oldsworth, or Oldis-
worth, Richard, D.D., 1590-1649. educated at and
Fellow of St. John's Coll., Canib. ; Prof, of Divinity at
Gresham Colt, 1629; Preb. of Lincoln, 1631 ; .'irchJcacon
of Huntingdon, 1633; Master of Emanuel Coll., Camb.,
1637. He was attached to the cause of Charles I., and
twice imprisoned by the Republicans. 1. Serm., Ps. cxliv.
15; II. M. Inaug., Camb., 1642, 4to. 2. Answer without
a Question, Lon., 1649. 3. Valley of Vision; in twenty-
one Serms., 1651, 4to,
" The author was composed of a learned head, a gracious heart,
a bountiful hand, and a patient back comfortably and cheerfully
to endure such heavy afflictions as were laid upon him."— Tliomas
FtdUr's Pri'J'ace.
4. Prielccliones Theological, 1661, fol. Pub. by his
nephew. Dr. Wm. Pearson, with a life of the author, q. v.
See also Ward's Gresham Professors; Athen. Oxon.;
Barwick'sLife; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy; Lloyd's
Memoirs, vol. i. ; Peck's Desiderata, vol. ii.
Holdsworth, W. Natural Short-Hand. See Ald-
RinfM-', W.
Holdsworth, Winch, D.D. 1. Serm., John v. 28, 29,
Oxf., 17211, Svu. This serin., on the resurrection of the
same body, directed against Locke and others, occasioned
some controversy. 2. Defence of the Resurrection of tho
same Body, Lon., 1727, Svo. Also against the views of
Mr. Locke.
Hole, John. Dictionary of Music, 1791, Svo.
Hole, Matthew, d. 1730? aged about 90, entered
Exeter College, Oxford, 1657; Fellow, 1663; Preb. of
Wells, 16S7; Vicar of Stoke Courcy, about 1687; Rector
of his College, 1715. He is best known by the following
excellent works, i.e. Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 1. Prac. Expos, of the
Church Catechism, Lon., 1708, 4to ; 1715, 2 vols. Svo;
vol. i., 3d ed., 1732, Svo ; vol. ii. 1731, Svo.
" This is an elaborate exposition, though deficient in the full
statement of evangelical motives. There are others by Kenn,
Wake. Marsh, James Stilliiigtieet, the Bristol Tract Society, Basil.
Woodd, Dixon, &c." — BicherslflU's Chris. i'(u.
863
IIOL
HOL
1 2. Prac. Discourses on all llic Parts and Offices of th? <
Liturgy of the Church of Eng., 1714-16, 6 vols. 8vo.
Often bound in 4 or 5 vols. New ed., by Rev. J. A. Giles,
1837-38, 4 vols. 8vo.
'■An elaborate practical work, but not duly exhibit iu^ evan-
gelical motives." — Bicktrstdli s C. S.
3. Prac. Discourses on Charity, Oxf., 1725, Svo.
An eminent authority remarks of the three works above
noticed,
*' They are all characterized by good sense and sober piety." —
Barm's BM. Bih.
4. Serms. on Acts xiv. 17, 1720, 8vo. 5. On Matt. .^i.
6, 1721, Svo. 6. On Acts v. 38, 39. 7. On 1 Tim. vi. 9,
10, 1721, 8vo. lie also pub. several separate serms., and
some thcolog. treatises.
Hole, ICichai'd, d. 1803, succeeded to the living of
Farringdon in 17112. 1. Fingal, in rhyme. 2. Homer's
Hymn to Cere*, in English verse, 1781, Svo.
'•A beautiful translatiini, thnuyh somewhat too paraphra.'itic."
3. Arthur: a Poet. Romance. 1789, 4to. 4. Remarks on
the Arabian Nights, 1797, Svo. See Foster, Rkv. Edward,
p. 616. 5. Character of Homer's Ulysses, 1807, Svo.
Hole, Robert. Parthenia luviolata; or, Mayden-
Musick for the Virginalls, 4to.
Hole, Will., D.D. Archdeacon of Staple, son of the
preceding. 1. Ohscrv. upon Ornaments in Churches, 4to.
2. Serm., 0.\f., 1743, Svo.
Holford, George, M.P. 1. Poems, 1789. 2. Destruc.
of Jerusalem. 1S05, Svo. 3. Observ:itions, 1S08, Svo. 4.
Speech, 1814, Svo. 5. Speech, 1815, Svo. 6. Thoughts on
the Criminal Pri.'ons of this Country, 1821. See Rev.
Sydney Smith's Works, Lon., 1854, ii. 202-239.
Holford, Mrs. M., of Chester. 1. Fanny and Selina ;
a Tale. With Gresford Vale, and other Poems, Lon., 1798,
12mo. 2. Gresford Vale, Ac, 1798, 4to. 3. Neither's the
Man; a Com., 1799, Svo. 4. First Impressions; a Nov.,
ISOl, 4 vols. 12n)0. 5. Way to Win her; a Com., 1814.
Holford, Miss Margaret. See Hodson, Mns.
Holgate, Jerome B. 1. Atlas of American Hist.,
1492-1842, N. York, 1842. fol. 2. Key to Historical Chart.
1838, Svo. 3. Conversations on the Present Age of the
World, in connection with Prophecy, Albany, 1852, 12mo.
4. American Genealogy; being a" Hist, of some of the
Early Settlers of N. America, and their Descendants,
1856, 4to.
Holiband, Claudius. See Hollyband.
Holiday, Baiteii. See Holvday.
Holiushed, Holinsliead, Holiiigslied, or Hoi-
lynshed, Kai>hael, known by Ihe valuable chronicles
that go under his name, was descended from a family
which lived at Bosely, in Cheshire, and died between 1578
and 1582; and this is .all that has been ascertained respect-
ing him. The Chronicles of Englande, Scotlande, and
Irel.and, Lon., 1577, 2 vols. fol. This is the first — or
" Shakspeare" (so called because used by the great bard
in the arrangement of some of his plots)— edition. It
contains many wood-cuts, which were omitted and the
language altered in the 2d edit., which appeared in
1686-87, 3 vols, fol.: commonly bound in two. 'This edit,
was supervised, corrected, and enlarged by Abraham
Fleming, and his brother Samuel assisted in compiling
the elaborate inde.x. Holinsbed was not the sole author
of these Chronicles. Vol. i. was partly composed by Wil-
liam Harrison, (q. r., pp. 793-794 :) vol. ii. by Richard
Stanihurst; John Hooker, o/iog Vowell ; R. H.orW. H.,
(probably Wm. Harrison;) Francis Boteville. ciUus Thin ;
and others; vol. iii. by John Stow, Fr. Thin, Abr. Fle-
ming, and others. Vol. i. gives us an Historical Description
of Britain by Harrison, and the History of England,
"from the lime that it was lirst inhabited until the time
that it was last conquered," by Holinshed. Vol. ii. con-
tains the History of Ireland, by Holinshed, Ac, to 1509,
and from 1509 to 1586, by Stanihurst and Hooker; also
tlio History of Scotland to 1571, by Holinshed: and from
1571 to 1586, by Boteville and others. Vol. iii. contains
the History of England from William the Conqncnir to
1577, by Holinshed; and from 1577 to 1586, by Stow, Fr.
Thin, Fleming, and others.
•'The Continuation from 1576 to 15S6 contained several curious
particulars, which gave great olTeuce at the time of publication,
and were accordingly suppressed, wherehy, says Herbert, the pag-
ing from 1220 to 1275 is very irregular. Accoiding to Niiolson,
they extend from 1491 to 1630. These are called the Castrations
of Holinshed, and were republished by Dr. Drake, in 1728, in black-
letter, in a thin folio volume. The curious, however, necessarily
look shajply after the original pages. A copy of this kind was in
the Ilarleian and another in Dr. Mead's collection."— Z/iWiii's Lib
Cawp.
The credit of the plan of Uolinshed's Chronicle seems
to be due to Reginald Wolfe, the king's printer, who de-
sighed originally nothing less than a "universal Cos-
mography of the whole world." In 1807-08, 6 vols. 4to,
appeared a new ed. of the Chronicles, in which the Cas-
trations are restored. A copious Index — that rare luxury
— adds to the value of this noble set of quartos. Copies
are worth about £6 to £7, according to condition and
binding. Copies of the 1st and 2d eds. have been sold
for high prices. Of the 1st ed.. Nassau's copy sold for
£15 15«. ; Steevens's for £22. Of the 2d ed., Steevens's
sold for £23; Reed's for £23 10».; the Ro.\burghe for
£31 ]0«.; Willett's for £36 4«. Bd.; Sir Robert Smyth's
for £40. AVe are now quoting the highest prices with
which we are acquainted, with the exception of the re-
markable copy (a large-paper, if there were any on large
paper) in 4 vols., purchased by Richard Heber from Col.
Stanley's collection for £63. The reprint of 1807-08 htis
diminished the value of the earlier edits. Hooker's trans,
from the Latin of Giraldus's Conquest of England, in
Holinshed's Chronicles, has been highly commended:
" Barry's topogiapbical labours appear to the best advantage in
Holinshed's Chronicle, translated and improved, with occasional
notes, by .lohn Hooker, alia^ Vowell, vol. ii., edit. 1586." — JXidiri's
Lili. Oiiiip.
The same authority remarks that Holinshed's Chronicles
are
" By far the most popular and important of our historical records,
in print, during the time of Queen Klizabeth; and from which,
indeed, all niodoiu historians have freely and largely borrowed."
— Ulii sitjira.
"The chronicle of Holinshed is more full and complete than
any of its predecessors, and less loaded with triHing matters. . . .
The Description of England [Harrison's] pretixed to the first
volume is the most interesting and valuable document, as a pic-
ture of the country, and of the costume and mode of living of
its inhabitants, which the sixteenth century has produced." See
Dralie's Shakspeare and his Times.
"You would .smile at my love of black-letter, were I to refer
you to Holinshed or Stowe; men, I assure yon. by no means des-
pic-able."— De. IllCHiUn Fakmee: Ldt. to a Friend on the Study of
Eng. Hist.
See also Biog. Brit.; Tanner's Bihliotheca; Bishop
Nicolson's Hist, Lib.; Herbert's Typ. Antiq. ; Hallam's
Lit. Hist, of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 447, n.; Hallam's Con-
stit. Hist, of Eng., 1S54, i. 146, n., Ac.
A little experience in such studies will replace the smile
which Dr. Fanner feared by one of contentnient and satis-
faction, and the delighted black-letter student will not
need much persuasion to induce him often to revel in
"Our old monkish chroniclers, — those authentic and amusing
relators of passing occurrences, who carry the reader back with
them by an irresistible spell to the days in which they lived and
among the scenes and persons which they describe." — Lon. Quar.
If he wish to dive deep into these picturesque records
of the past, we will aid him by a list of titles of a set of
Chronicles formerly {perhaps yet) offered for sale by Mr.
Henry 6. Bohn, of Covent Garden, London : — 1. Fkois-
SART. by Col. Johnes, 4 vols. 2. Monstrelet, by Col.
Johnes, 4 vols. 3. Robert op Gloucester, 2 vols. 4.
Peter Langtopt, 2 vols. 5. Joinville's Memoirs, 1
vol. 6. HoLiN.sHEn, 6 vols. 7. Grafton, 2 vols. 8. Wil-
liam OF Malmesbiiry, 1 voL 9. Hall, 1 vol. 10. Har-
BYNC, 1 vol. 11. Fabyan, 1 vol. 12. Fuller's Wor-
thies, 2 vols. 13. Arnold and Rastell, 1 vol. In all,
28 vols. r. 4to, reprints, 1803-15. This noble set of books
is richly bound in olive morocco, gilt in the old style, mar-
bled and gilt edges, by no less a workman than Clarke.
The price— ay, there's "the rub ! — the price asked was £105.
Another set, consisting of a portion only of these Chro-
nicles, is described by Dibdin in his Library Companion,
ed. 1826. p. 197.
Holliot, Robert. See Holcot.
Holland, Miss. Progressive Education; trans, of
Madame Necker de Saussure's Progressive Education,
Lon., vols. i. and ii., 1839, fp. Svo; iii., 1843, 12mo.
"It is worthy the attention and seiious perusal of every teacher,
every parent, every m.agistrate or diviue, in the kingdom." — Lon.
EdttraliiiiiaJ Mag.
Hollaiid,'Capt. Observ. on the Islands of St. John
and Cnpe Breton; Phil. Trans.. 1768.
Holland, Abraham. Naumachia; or, Holland's
Sea-Fight. Lon., 1022, 4fo. This is a poem.
Holland, Edwin C, a lawyer of Charleston, S.C,
pub. in 1814 a vol. of Odes, Naval Songs, and other Poems,
oriKin;illy printed in the Phila. Port-F'olio.
Holland, Eliliu G., b. 1817, at Solon, Cortlandt
county. New York. 1. The Being of God and the Immortal
Life, 1846. 2. Reviews and Essays, 1849. See Brown-
son's Qnar. Rev., iv. 135. 3. Essays; and The Highland
Treason, a Drama [founded on the treason of Arnold] in
5 Acts, 1S52. 4. Memoir of the Rev. Joseph Badger, 1853.
IIOL
IIOL
See Christifin Examiner for July, 1S54 ; Duyckincks' Cyc.
of Arner. Lit.
Holland, Francis. On Davisson'a Serm., Lon.,
17211. Svn.
Holland, G. ImuiortaUty of the Soul, Lon., 16:j3,
8vo.
Holland, G. Calvert, M.D., has pub. several pro-
fes> 
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